This paper proposes a new method for model predictive control (MPC) of nonlinear systems to calculate stabilityregion and feasible initial control profile/sequence, which are important to the implementations of MPC. Different from many existing methods,this paper distinguishes stabilityregion from conservative terminal region. With global linearization, linear differential inclusion (LDI)and linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques, a nonlinear system is transformed into a convex set of linear systems, and then the vertices of the set are used off-line to design the controller, to estimate stabilityregion, and also to determine a feasible initial control profile/sequence. The advantages of the proposed method are demonstrated by simulation study.

Full Text Available We focus on the study of motion stability of vehicle nonlinear dynamics. The dynamic model combining with Burckhardt tire model is firstly derived. By phase portrait method, the vehicle stability differences of three cases, front wheels steering/four-wheel steering case, front/rear/four-wheel braking case, and high/low road friction case, are characterized. With the Jacobian matrix, the stable equilibrium point is found and stable areas are calculated out. Similarly, the stability boundaries corresponding to different working conditions are also captured. With vehicle braking or accelerating in the steering process, the relationship between front/rear wheel slippage and the stable area is examined. Comparing with current literatures, the research method and its results present the novelty and provide a guideline for new vehicle controller design.

Poincaré type integral inequality plays an important role in the study of nonlinearstability ( in the sense of Arnold's second theorem) for three-dimensional quasigeostophic flow. The nonlinearstability of Eady's model is one of the most important cases in the application of the method. But the best nonlinearstability criterion obtained so far and the linear stability criterion are not coincident. The two criteria coincide only when the period of the channel is infinite.additional conservation law of momentum and by rigorous estimate of integral inequality. So the new nonlinearstability criterion was obtained, which shows that for Eady 's model in the periodic channel, the linear stable implies the nonlinear stable.

This is the first book that deals with practical stability and its development. It presents a systematic study of the theory of practical stability in terms of two different measures and arbitrary sets and demonstrates the manifestations of general Lyapunov's method by showing how this effective technique can be adapted to investigate various apparently diverse nonlinear problems including control systems and multivalued differential equations.

We analyze a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic structure and its stability in large solar active region(AR) 12192, using the 3D coronal magnetic field constructed under a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) approximation. In particular, we focus on the magnetic structure that produced an X3.1-class flare which is one of the X-class flares observed in AR 12192. According to our analysis, the AR contains multiple-flux-tube system, {\\it e.g.}, a large flux tube, both of whose footpoints are anchored to the large bipole field, under which other tubes exist close to a polarity inversion line (PIL). These various flux tubes of different sizes and shapes coexist there. In particular, the later are embedded along the PIL, which produces a favorable shape for the tether-cutting reconnection and is related to the X-class solar flare. We further found that most of magnetic twists are not released even after the flare, which is consistent with the fact that no observational evidence for major eruptions was found. On the oth...

We analyze a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic structure and its stability in large solar active region (AR) 12192, using the 3D coronal magnetic field constructed under a nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) approximation. In particular, we focus on the magnetic structure that produced an X3.1-class flare, which is one of the X-class flares observed in AR 12192. According to our analysis, the AR contains a multiple-flux-tube system, e.g., a large flux tube, with footpoints that are anchored to the large bipole field, under which other tubes exist close to a polarity inversion line (PIL). These various flux tubes of different sizes and shapes coexist there. In particular, the latter are embedded along the PIL, which produces a favorable shape for the tether-cutting reconnection and is related to the X-class solar flare. We further found that most of magnetic twists are not released even after the flare, which is consistent with the fact that no observational evidence for major eruptions was found. On the other hand, the upper part of the flux tube is beyond a critical decay index, essential for the excitation of torus instability before the flare, even though no coronal mass ejections were observed. We discuss the stability of the complicated flux tube system and suggest the reason for the existence of the stable flux tube. In addition, we further point out a possibility for tracing the shape of flare ribbons, on the basis of a detailed structural analysis of the NLFFF before a flare.

The book investigates stability theory in terms of two different measure, exhibiting the advantage of employing families of Lyapunov functions and treats the theory of a variety of inequalities, clearly bringing out the underlying theme. It also demonstrates manifestations of the general Lyapunov method, showing how this technique can be adapted to various apparently diverse nonlinear problems. Furthermore it discusses the application of theoretical results to several different models chosen from real world phenomena, furnishing data that is particularly relevant for practitioners. Stability Analysis of Nonlinear Systems is an invaluable single-sourse reference for industrial and applied mathematicians, statisticians, engineers, researchers in the applied sciences, and graduate students studying differential equations.

A nonlinear variable structure stabilizer is proposed in this paper. Design of this stabilizer involves the nonlinear transformation technique, the variable structure control technique and the linear system theory. Performance of the proposed nonlinear variable structure controller in a single machine connected to an infinite bus power and a multi-machine system with multi-mode oscillations is simulated. The responses of the system with the proposed stabilizer are compared with those obtained with some other kinds of stabilizers when the system is subjected to a variety of disturbances. Simulation results show that the nonlinear variable structure stabilizer gives satisfactory dynamic performance and good robustness.

Full Text Available The conditions for positivity and stability of a class of fractional nonlinear continuous-time systems are established. It is assumed that the nonlinear vector function is continuous, satisfies the Lipschitz condition and the linear part is described by a Metzler matrix. The stability conditions are established by the use of an extension of the Lyapunov method to fractional positive nonlinear systems.

We elaborate a solution for the problem of stable propagation of transversely localized vortex beams in homogeneous optical media with self-focusing Kerr nonlinearity. Stationary nonlinear Bessel-vortex states are stabilized against azimuthal breakup and collapse by multiphoton absorption, while the respective power loss is offset by the radial influx of the power from an intrinsic reservoir. A linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations reveal a region of stability of these vortices. Beams with multiple vorticities have their stabilityregions too. These beams can then form robust tubular filaments in transparent dielectrics as common as air, water, and optical glasses at sufficiently high intensities. We also show that the tubular, rotating, and specklelike filamentation regimes, previously observed in experiments with axicon-generated Bessel beams, can be explained as manifestations of the stability or instability of a specific nonlinear Bessel-vortex state, which is fully identified.

We elaborate a new solution for the problem of stable propagation of transversely localized vortex beams in homogeneous optical media with self-focusing Kerr nonlinearity. Stationary nonlinear Bessel-vortex states are stabilized against azimuthal breakup and collapse by multiphoton absorption, while the respective power loss is offset by the radial influx of the power from an intrinsic reservoir. A linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations reveal a region of stability of these vortices. Beams with multiple vorticities have their stabilityregions too. These beams can then form robust tubular filaments in transparent dielectrics as common as air, water and optical glasses at sufficiently high intensities. We also show that the tubular, rotating and speckle-like filamentation regimes, previously observed in experiments with axicon-generated Bessel beams, can be explained as manifestations of the stability or instability of a specific nonlinear Bessel-vortex state, which is fully identified.

In this paper, the stabilization problem of nonuniform Timoshenko beam by some nonlinear boundary feedback controls is considered. By virtue of nonlinear semigroup theory, energy-perturbed approach and exponential multiplier method, it is shown that the vibration of the beam under the proposed control action decays exponentially or in negative power of time t as t →∞.

In many large systems, such as those encountered in biology or economics, the dynamics are nonlinear and are only known very coarsely. It is often the case, however, that the signs (excitation or inhibition) of individual interactions are known. This paper extends to nonlinear systems the classical criteria of linear sign stability introduced in the 70's, yielding simple sufficient conditions to determine stability using only the sign patterns of the interactions.

We propose a new method for finding the local optimal points ofthe constrained nonlinear programming by Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE), and prove asymptotic stability of the singular points of partial variables in this paper. The condition of overall uniform, asymptotic stability is also given.

An adaptive controller of full state feedback for certain cascade nonlinear systems achieving input-to-state stability with respect to unknown bounded disturbance is designed using backstepping and control Lyapunov function (CLF)techniques. We show that unknown bounded disturbance can be estimated by update laws, which requires less information on unknown disturbance, as a part of stabilizing control. The design method achieves the desired property: global robust stability. Our contribution is illustrated with the example of a disturbed pendulum.

The problem of absolute stability of Lur'e systems with sector and slope restricted nonlinearities is revisited. Novel time-domain and frequency-domain criteria are established by using the Lyapunov method and the well-known Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP) lemma. The criteria strengthen some existing results. Simulations are given to illustrate the efficiency of the results.

Full Text Available The problem of absolute stability of Lur’e systems with sector and slope restricted nonlinearities is revisited. Novel time-domain and frequency-domain criteria are established by using the Lyapunov method and the well-known Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov (KYP lemma. The criteria strengthen some existing results. Simulations are given to illustrate the efficiency of the results.

This paper investigates the dynamics of an ion confined in a nonlinear Paul trap. The equation of motion for the ion is shown to be consistent with the equation describing a damped, forced Duffing oscillator. All perturbing factors are taken into consideration in the approach. Moreover, the ion is considered to undergo interaction with an external electromagnetic field. The method is based on numerical integration of the equation of motion, as the system under investigation is highly nonlinear. Phase portraits and Poincare sections show that chaos is present in the associated dynamics. The system of interest exhibits fractal properties and strange attractors. The bifurcation diagrams emphasize qualitative changes of the dynamics and the onset of chaos.

It seems that regional decision makers during the last two decades has been unable to produce a sustainable peacebuilding plan for the region and it is questionable whether any remarkable change will occur in the near future. Some would argue that the political differences are simply too far apart...... continue to face, internal challenges even if agreements with a conﬂicting state are settled. This only underlines the necessity of initiating sustainable initiatives that are capable of affecting politicians from within, or even to some extent have the capability to bypass the political level....... With contributions from leading international scholars within the ﬁeld of security studies this book sets out to explain the main security knots preventing stability to emerge and on that basis to test whether a different approach in addressing these knots. By pursuing an innovative and different approach...

In this paper, the problem of quadratic stabilization of multi-input multi-output switched nonlinear systems under an arbitrary switching law is investigated. When switched nonlinear systems have uniform normal form and the zero dynamics of uniform normal form is asymptotically stable under an arbitrary switching law, state feedbacks are designed and a common quadratic Lyapunov function of all the closed-loop subsystems is constructed to realize quadratic stabilizability of the class of switched nonlinear systems under an arbitrary switching law. The results of this paper are also applied to switched linear systems.

In this paper, a model predictive control scheme with guaranteed closed-loop asymptotic stability is proposed for a class of constrained nonlinear time-delay systems with discrete and distributed delays. A suitable terminal cost functional and also an appropriate terminal region are utilized to achieve asymptotic stability. To determine the terminal cost, a locally asymptotically stabilizing controller is designed and an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasoskii functional of the locally stabilized system is employed as the terminal cost. Furthermore, an invariant set for locally stabilized system which is established by using the Razumikhin Theorem is used as the terminal region. Simple conditions are derived to obtain terminal cost and terminal region in terms of Bilinear Matrix Inequalities. The method is illustrated by a numerical example.

The surgical technique of thread injection of medical implants is modelled by the axial pressure-gradient-driven flow between concentric cylinders with a moving core. The linear stability of the flow to both axisymmetric and asymmetric perturbations is analysed asymptotically at large Reynolds number, and computationally at finite Reynolds number. The existence of multiple regions of instability is predicted and their dependence upon radius ratio and thread velocity is determined. A discrepancy in critical Reynolds numbers and cut-off velocity is found to exist between experimental results and the predictions of the linear theory. In order to account for this discrepancy, the high Reynolds number, nonlinearstability properties of the flow are analysed and a nonlinear, equilibrium critical layer structure is found, which leads to an enhanced correction to the basic flow. The predictions of the nonlinear theory are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.

Hamilton Principle was uaed to derive the general governing equations of nonlinear dynamic stability for laminated cylindrical shells in which, factors of nonlinear large deflection, transverse shear and longitudinal inertia force were concluded. Equations were solved by variational method. Analysis reveals that under the action of dynamic load,laminated cylindrical shells will fall into a state of parametric resonance and enter into the dynamic unstable region that causes dynamic instability of shells. Laminated shells of three typical composites were computed: i.e. T300/5 208 graphite epoxy E-glass epoxy, and ARALL shells. Results show that all factors will induce important influence for dynamic stability of laminated shells. So, in research of dynamic stability for laminated shells, to consider these factors is important.

The stability analysis of a rate gyro mounted in a vehicle which is spinning with uncertain angular velocity about the spin axis of the gyro is presented. The complete nonlinear equation of the motion of the gimbal is considered, retaining the fundamental and second harmonic nonlinear terms which are functions of the angular velocity of the vehicle about the spin axis of the gyro. Using the circle criterion for the case of time-varying angular momentum and the Lyapunov approach for the case of uncertain constant angular velocity, conditions for asymptotic stability and global asymptotic stability are obtained. Stable regions in parameter space of the gyro and state space are obtained, and analytical relations for the selection of gyro parameters are derived.

This article is concerned with stability analysis and stabilization of randomly switched nonlinear systems. These systems may be regarded as piecewise deterministic stochastic systems: the discrete switches are triggered by a stochastic process which is independent of the state of the system, and between two consecutive switching instants the dynamics are deterministic. Our results provide sufficient conditions for almost sure global asymptotic stability using Lyapunov-based methods when individual subsystems are stable and a certain ``slow switching'' condition holds. This slow switching condition takes the form of an asymptotic upper bound on the probability mass function of the number of switches that occur between the initial and current time instants. This condition is shown to hold for switching signals coming from the states of finite-dimensional continuous-time Markov chains; our results therefore hold for Markov jump systems in particular. For systems with control inputs we provide explicit control s...

his Report includes copies of transparencies and notes from the presentations made at the Symposium on Beam Stability and Nonlinear Dynamics, December 3-5, 1996 at the Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara California, that was made available by the authors. Editing, reduction and changes to the authors contributions were made only to fulfill the printing and publication requirements. We would like to take this opportunity and thank the speakers for their informative presentations and for providing copies of their transparencies and notes for inclusion in this Report.

This paper studies the stability for nonlinear stochastic discrete-time systems. First of all, several definitions on stability are introduced, such as stability, asymptotical stability, and pth moment exponential stability. Moreover, using the method of the Lyapunov functionals, some efficient criteria for stochastic stability are obtained. Some examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results.

We show that stable dark solitons exist in quadratic nonlinear media with periodic linear and nonlinear susceptibilities. We investigate the modulational stability of plane waves in such systems, a necessary condition for stable dark solitons....

Bringing together 18 chapters written by leading experts in dynamical systems, operator theory, partial differential equations, and solid and fluid mechanics, this book presents state-of-the-art approaches to a wide spectrum of new and challenging stability problems.Nonlinear Physical Systems: Spectral Analysis, Stability and Bifurcations focuses on problems of spectral analysis, stability and bifurcations arising in the nonlinear partial differential equations of modern physics. Bifurcations and stability of solitary waves, geometrical optics stability analysis in hydro- and magnetohydrodynam

This paper presents new results on the robust global stabilization and the gain assignment problems for stochastic nonlinear systems. Three stochastic nonlinear control design schemes are developed. Furthermore, a new stochastic gain assignment method is developed for a class of uncertain interconnected stochastic nonlinear systems. This method can be combined with the nonlinear small-gain theorem to design partial-state feedback controllers for stochastic nonlinear systems. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

Theorems are developed to support bifurcation and stability of nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations in the solution of the asymptotic behavior of functions with certain specified properties.

This paper deals with the robust stabilization and passivity of general nonlinear systems with structural uncertainty. By using Lyapunov function, it verifies that under some conditions the robust passivity implies the zero-state detectability, Furthermore, it also implies the robust stabilization for such nonlinear systems. We then establish a stabilization method for the nonlinear systems with structural uncertainty. The smooth state feedback law can be constructed with the solution of an equation. Finally, it is worth noting that the main contribution of the paper establishes the relation between robust passivity and feedback stabilization for the general nonlinear systems with structural uncertainty. The simulation shows the effectiveness of the method.

We study the effects produced by competition of two physical mechanisms of energy localization in inhomogeneous nonlinear systems. As an example, we analyze spatially localized modes supported by a nonlinear impurity in the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation and describe three types of no...

The numerical stability of nonlinear body-wave interaction problems is investigated by applying potential flow assumptions to oscillating, non-wallsided two-dimensional and three-dimensional axisymmetric bodies. This body-wave interaction problem is solved using a mixed two-step Eulerian-Lagrangian method. In the first step, Laplace's equation is solved to determine the unknown potential values on the body and the unknown derivatives of the potentials on the free surface. In the second step, free surface boundary conditions are applied using the results of the first step to find the evolved free surface location and new potential values on the new location. Each step has particular mathematical characteristics (elliptic or parabolic-like), so that each step requires different numerical schemes. Consequently, the numerical stability of this body-wave interaction problem contains the characteristics of both of these two steps. The major contributions made to this body-wave interaction problem are the effects of the various parameters (i.e. time increments, panel length, etc.) and the different forms of the Boundary Integral Method (BIM) on numerical stability and accuracy. The far-field truncation requirement is met by matching the linear outer solution to the nonlinear inner solution at the truncation boundary. The intersection point is traced by the extrapolation method with a special boundary condition at the intersection point. To determine the evolution of the free surface according to a Lagrangian model, a regridding scheme is utilized to prevent the concentration of the Lagrangian markers in the vicinity of high gradients. A parameter for the numerical stability of free surface waves, the Free Surface Stability (FSS) number, is defined as a function of the time step size and the discretized panel length. The various stabilityregions are investigated by changing the FSS number, Green's function constant c, and numerical schemes. A nonlinearstability analysis

Full Text Available Bearings based on aerostatic principle belong to the new machine elements advantageous for low- and high-speed applications, but their dynamic and stability properties are not yet sufficiently known. This paper presents a new elaborated method and gained results of theoretical investigation of dynamic properties of aerostatic bearing in general dimensionless form. It is aimed also as a supporting tool for diagnostic and identification methods used at developing of new bearings proposed by TECHLAB, Prague for industrial applications. Mathematical model expresses nonlinear and evolutive properties in the entire area of bearing clearance, contains sufficient number of free parameters in functions of restoring and damping forces and can therefore describe all types of motions occurring in gas bearings as periodic, quasi-periodic, including beats and instability, which can leads to chaotic and self-excited vibrations. The influence of non-diagonal elements of stiffness and damping matrices of linearized model on the spectral properties and the stability of system is investigated, too.

Full Text Available Nonlinear Predictor-Neural Generalized Predictive Controller (NGPC is one of the most advanced control techniques that are used with severe nonlinear processes. In this paper, a hybrid solution from NGPC and Internal Model Principle (IMP is implemented to stabilizenonlinear, non-minimum phase, variable dead time processes under high disturbance values over wide range of operation. Also, the superiority of NGPC over linear predictive controllers, like GPC, is proved for severe nonlinear processes over wide range of operation. The necessary conditions required to stabilize NGPC is derived using Lyapunov stability analysis for nonlinear processes. The NGPC stability conditions and improvement in disturbance suppression are verified by both simulation using Duffing’s nonlinear equation and real-time using continuous stirred tank reactor. Up to our knowledge, the paper offers the first hardware embedded Neural GPC which has been utilized to verify NGPC–IMP improvement in realtime.

Stability analysis for a class of switched nonlinear systems is addressed in this paper. Two linear matrix inequality (LMI) based sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability are proposed for switched nonlinear systems. These conditions are analogous counterparts for switched linear systems which...

In the present paper, the absolute stability of general Lurie discrete nonlinear control systems has been discussed by Lyapunov function approach. A sufficient condition of absolute stability for the general Lurie discrete nonlinear control systems is derived, and some necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained in special cases. Meanwhile, we give a simple example to illustrate the effectiveness of the results.

This paper deals with the stability of nonlinear fractional differential systems equipped with the Caputo derivative. At first, a sufficient condition on asymptotical stability is established by using a Lyapunov-like function. Then, the fractional differential inequalities and comparison method are applied to the analysis of the stability of fractional differential systems. In addition, some other sufficient conditions on stability are also presented.

Singular systems which are also referred to as descriptor systems, semi-state systems, differential- algebraic systems or generalized state-space systems have attracted much attention because of their extensive applications in the Leontief dynamic model, electrical and mechanical models, etc. This monograph presented up-to-date research developments and references on stability analysis and design of nonlinear singular systems. It investigated the problems of practical stability, strongly absolute stability, input-state stability and observer design for nonlinear singular systems and the problems of absolute stability and multi-objective control for nonlinear singularly perturbed systems by using Lyapunov stability theory, comparison principle, S-procedure and linear matrix inequality (LMI), etc. Practical stability, being quite different from stability in the sense of Lyapunov, is a significant performance specification from an engineering point of view. The basic concepts and results on practical stability f...

In this paper,we study the K-stability theory of nonlinear delay systems.In the more general case,we establish two nonlinear delay differential inequalities.Therefore,to study the X-stability,a powerful method is provided.By making use of the foregoing inequalities,we analyse and investigate some K-stabiiity conditions of nonlinear delay systems.Finally,some examples are given to illustrate our theory.

Full Text Available The Popov criterion for the stability of nonlinear control systems is considered. The Popov criterion gives sufficient conditions for stability of nonlinear systems in the frequency domain. It has a direct graphical interpretation and is convenient for both design and analysis. In the article presented, a table of transfer functions of linear parts of nonlinear systems is constructed. The table includes frequency response functions and offers solutions to the stability of the given systems. The table makes a direct stability analysis of selected nonlinear systems possible. The stability analysis is solved analytically and graphically.Then it is easy to find out if the nonlinear system is or is not stable; the task that usually ranks among the difficult task in engineering practice.

The stabilization of a class of switched nonlinear systems is investigated in the paper. The systems concerned are of (generalized) switched Byrnes-Isidori canonical form, which has all switched models in (generalized) ByrnesIsidori canonical form. First, a stability result of switched systems is obtained. Then it is used to solve the stabilization problem of the switched nonlinear control systems. In addition, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for a switched affine nonlinear system to be feedback equivalent to (generalized) switched Byrnes-Isidori canonical systems are presented.Finally, as an application the stability of switched lorenz systems is investigated.

Full Text Available Motivated by the importance and application of discrete dynamical systems, this paper presents a new Lyapunov characterization which is an extension of conventional Lyapunov characterization for multistable discrete-time nonlinear systems. Based on a new type stability notion of W-stability introduced by D. Efimov, the estimates of solution and the Lyapunov stability theorem and converse theorem are proposed for multi-stable discrete-time nonlinear systems.

The problem of robust stabilization for a class of uncertain networked control systems(NCSs)with nonlinearities satisfying a given sector condition is investigated in this paper.By introducing a new model of NCSs with parameter uncertainty,network.induced delay,nonlinearity and data packet dropout in the transmission,a strict linear matrix inequality(LMI)criterion is proposed for robust stabilization of the uncenmn nonlinear NCSs based on the Lyapunov stability theory.The maximum allowable transfer interval(MATI)can be derived by solving the feasibility problem of the corresponding LMI.Some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed algorithm.

Using analytical and numerical techniques we analyze the static and dynamical properties of solitonlike excitations in the presence of parametric disorder in the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a homogeneous power nonlinearity. Both the continuum and the discrete problem are i...

Based on the magnetohydrodynamic energy principle, it is proved that Gold-Hoyle's nonlinear force-free magnetic field is unstable. This disproves the sufficient criterion for stability of nonlinear force-free magnetic fields given by Kriiger that a nonlinear force-free field is stable if the maximum absolute value of the force-free factor is smaller than the lowest eigenvalue associated with the domain of interest.

A weakly nonlinear theory is presented to study the effects of slippage on the stability of the ultra-thin polymer films.The nonlinear mathematical model is constructed for perturbations of small finite amplitude based on hydrodynamic equations with the long wave approximation. Results reveal that the nonlinearity always accelerates the rupture of the films. The influences of the slip length, film thickness, and initial amplitude of perturbations on the rupture of the films are investigated.

Full Text Available Nonlinear nonautonomous retarded systems with separated autonomous linear parts and continuous nonlinear ones are considered. It is assumed that deviations of the argument are sufficiently small. Absolute stability conditions are derived. They are formulated in terms of eigenvalues of auxiliary matrices.

This paper is concerned with asymptotic stability and stabilizability of a class of nonlinear dynamical systems with fixed delay in state variable. New sufficient conditions are established in terms of the system parameters such as the eigenvalues of the linear operator, delay parameter, and bounds on the nonlinear parts. Finally, examples are given to testify the effectiveness of the proposed theory.

Here we are concerned about uniform stability of damped nonlinear transverse vibrations of an elastic string fixed at its two ends. The vibrations governed by nonlinear integro-differential equation of Kirchoff type, is shown to possess energy uniformly bounded by exponentially decaying function of time. The result is achieved by considering an energy-like Lyapunov functional for the system.

Full Text Available This paper deals with the stability of nonlinear fractional differential systems equipped with the Caputo derivative. At first, a sufficient condition on asymptotical stability is established by using a Lyapunov-like function. Then, the fractional differential inequalities and comparison method are applied to the analysis of the stability of fractional differential systems. In addition, some other sufficient conditions on stability are also presented.

The global stabilization problem of nonlinear systems with uncertain structure is dealt with. Based on control Lyapunov function (CLF), a sufficient and necessary condition for Lyapunov stabilization is given. From the condition,several simply sufficient conditions for the globally asymptotical stability are deduced. A state feedback control law is designed to globally asymptotically stabilize the equilibrium of the closed system. Last, a simulation shows the effectiveness of the method.

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between ℒp stability and internal stability of nonlinear systems. It is shown that under certain conditions, ℒp stability without finite gain implies attractivity of the equilibrium, and that local ℒp stability with finite gain implies local asymptotic

In this paper, we investigate the relationship between ℒp stability and internal stability of nonlinear systems. It is shown that under certain conditions, ℒp stability without finite gain implies attractivity of the equilibrium, and that local ℒp stability with finite gain implies local asymptotic

In this paper,the asymptotic stability of singular nonlinear differential systems with unbounded delays is considered.The stability criteria are derived based on a kind of Lyapunov-functional and some technique of matrix inequalities.The criteria are described as matrix equation and matrix inequalities,which are computationally flexible and efficient.Two examples are given to illustrate the results.

This paper deals with global stabilization problem for the nonlinear systems with structural uncertainty.Based on control Lyapunov function, a sufficient and necessary condition for the globally and asymptotically stabilizing the equailibrium of the closed system is given. Moreovery, an almost smooth state feedback control law is constructed. The simulation shows the effectiveness of the method.

Full Text Available In this paper, the stability problem is studied for a class of Markovian jump neutral nonlinear systems with time-varying delay. By Lyapunov-Krasovskii function approach, a novel mean-square exponential stability criterion is derived for the situations that the system's transition rates are completely accessible, partially accessible and non-accessible, respectively. Moreover, the developed stability criterion is extended to the systems with different bounded sector nonlinear constraints. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

The nonlinearstability problem in nonparallel boundary layer flow for two-dimensional disturbances was studied by using a newly presented method called Parabolic Stability Equations (PSE). A series of new modes generated by the nonlinear interaction of disturbance waves were tabulately analyzed, and the Mean Flow Distortion (MFD) was numerically given. The computational techniques developed, including the higher-order spectral method and the more effective algebraic mapping, increased greatly the numerical accuracy and the rate of convergence. With the predictor-corrector approach in the marching procedure, the normalization condition was satisfied, and the stability of numerical calculation could be ensured. With different initial amplitudes, the nonlinearstability of disturbance wave was studied. The results of examples show good agreement with the data given by the DNS using the full Navier-Stokes equations.

The problem of feedback stabilization is considered for a class of nonlinear, finite dimensional, time invariant passive systems that are affine in control. Using extensions of the Kalman-Yakubovch lemma, it is shown that such systems can be stabilized by a class of finite demensional, linear, time-invariant controllers which are strictly positive real in the weak or marginal sense. The stability holds regardless of model uncertainties, and is therefore, robust.

Unexpected non-linear boiling water reactor (BWR) instability events in various plants, e.g. LaSalle II in 1988 and Oskarshamn II in 1990 amongst others, emphasize the major safety relevance and the existence of parameter regions with unstable behavior. A detailed description of the complete dynamical non-linear behavior is of paramount importance for BWR operation. An extension of state-of-the-art methodology towards a more general stability description, also applicable in the non-linearregion, could lead to a deeper understanding of non-linear BWR stability phenomena. With the intention of a full non-linearstability analysis of the two-phase BWR system, the present paper aims at a general non-linear methodology capable to achieve reliable and numerical stable reduced order models (ROMs), representing the dynamical behavior of an original system based on a small number of transients. Model-specific options and aspects of the proposed methodology are focused on and illustrated by means of a strongly non-linear dynamical system showing complex oscillating behavior. Prediction capability of the proposed methodology is also addressed. (orig.)

We investigate nonlinearstability of two classes of cosmological solutions in massive gravity: isotropic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) solutions and anisotropic FLRW solutions. For this purpose we construct the linear cosmological perturbation theory around axisymmetric Bianchi type--I backgrounds. We then expand the background around the two classes of solutions, which are fixed points of the background evolution equation, and analyze linear perturbations on top of it. This provides a consistent truncation of nonlinear perturbations around these fixed point solutions and allows us to analyze nonlinearstability in a simple way. In particular, it is shown that isotropic FLRW solutions exhibit nonlinear ghost instability. On the other hand, anisotropic FLRW solutions are shown to be ghost-free for a range of parameters and initial conditions.

We review recent work on the stability of flat spatially homogeneous and isotropic backgrounds with a self-interacting scalar field. We derive a first order quasi-linear symmetric hyperbolic system for the Einstein-nonlinear-scalar field system. Then, using the linearized system, we show how to obtain necessary and sufficient conditions which ensure the exponential decay to zero of small non-linear perturbations.

Full Text Available The main object of this paper is to study the weakly nonlinear hydrodynamic stability of the thin Newtonian fluid flowing on a rotating circular disk. A long-wave perturbation method is used to derive the nonlinear evolution equation for the film flow. The linear behaviors of the spreading wave are investigated by normal mode approach, and its weakly nonlinear behaviors are explored by the method of multiple scales. The Ginzburg-Landau equation is determined to discuss the necessary condition for the existence of such flow pattern. The results indicate that the superctitical instability region increases, and the subcritical stabilityregion decreases with the increase of the rotation number or the radius of circular disk. It is found that the rotation number and the radius of circular disk not only play the significant roles in destabilizing the flow in the linear stability analysis but also shrink the area of supercritical stabilityregion at high Reynolds number in the weakly nonlinearstability analysis.

Nonlinear electromagnetic stabilization by suprathermal pressure gradients found in specific regimes is shown to be a key factor in reducing tokamak microturbulence, augmenting significantly the thermal pressure electromagnetic stabilization. Based on nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations investigating a set of ion heat transport experiments on the JET tokamak, described by Mantica et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 135004 (2011)], this result explains the experimentally observed ion heat flux and stiffness reduction. These findings are expected to improve the extrapolation of advanced tokamak scenarios to reactor relevant regimes.

Highlights: • We address the problem of equilibrium stability in a general class of non-linear systems. • We link Evolutionary Stable States (ESS) to stable fixed points of square quasi-polynomial (QP) systems. • We show that an interior ES point may be related to stable interior fixed points of QP systems. - Abstract: In this paper we address the problem of stability in a general class of non-linear systems. We establish a link between the concepts of asymptotic stable interior fixed points of square Quasi-Polynomial systems and evolutionary stable states, a property of some payoff matrices arising from evolutionary games.

This paper deals with the robust stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems with structural uncertainty. Based on robust control Lyapunov function, a sufficient and necessary condition for a function to be a robust control Lyapunov function is given. From this condition, simply sufficient condition for the robust stabilization (robust practical stabilization) is deduced. Moreover, if the equilibrium of the closed-loop system is unique, the existence of such a robust control Lyapunov function will also imply robustly globally asymptotical stabilization. Then a continuous state feedback law can be constructed explicitly. The simulation shows the effectiveness of the method.

Full Text Available Problem statement: The analysis and control of delayed systems are becoming more and more research topics in progress. This is mainly due to the fact that the delay is frequently encountered in technological systems. This can affect their significantly operations. Most control command laws are based on current digital computers and delays are intrinsic to the process or in the control loop caused by the transmission time control sequences, or computing time. The delay may affect one or more states of the considered system. It may also affect the establishment of the command. Several studies have investigated the stability of delay systems under the assumption that the delay is a variable phenomenon; such variation is considered to be bounded or limited to facilitate analysis of the system. In this study we propose a modelling of delayed system by using the multimodels and switched system theory. The analysis of stability is based on the use of second Lyapunov method. The issued stability conditions are expressed as Bilinear Matrix Inequalities impossible to resolve. Thats why we propose the same original relaxations to come over this difficulty, an example of induction machine is given to illustrate over approach. Approach: We propose to use the control theory developed for switched systems to synthesis a control laws for the stabilisation of delays system. Results: We stabilize the induction machine around many operating points despite the non linearities. Conclusion: The developed method is less conservative and less pessimistic than the used classical methods.

Hydrodynamic instability of an accelerating ionization front (IF) is investigated with 2D hydrodynamic simulations, including absorption of incident photoionizing photons, recombination in the HII region, and radiative molecular cooling. When the amplitude of the perturbation is large enough, nonlinear dynamics of the IF triggered by the separation of the IF from the cloud surface is observed. This causes the second harmonic of the imposed perturbation to appear on the cloud surfaces, whereas the perturbation in density of ablated gas in the HII region remains largely single mode. This mismatch of modes between the IF and the density perturbation in the HII region prevents the strong stabilization effect seen in the linear regime. Large growth of the perturbation caused by Rayleigh-Taylor-like instability is observed late in time.

for the system but with bounded disturbance. Sufficient conditions for finite-time stability and finite-time boundedness of nonlinear systems as well as a computational method based on sum of squares programming to check the conditions are given. The problem of finite-time stability for a system that consists......This paper, investigates finite-time stability and finite-time boundedness for nonlinear systems with polynomial vector fields. Finite-time stability requires the states of the system to remain a given bounded set in a finite-time interval and finite-time boundedness considers the same problem...... of an interconnection of subsystems is also considered and we show how to decompose the problem into subproblems for each subsystem with coupling constraints. A solution to the problem using sum of squares programming and dual decomposition is presented. The method is demonstrated through some examples....

As wind turbines increase in magnitude without a proportional increase in stiffness, the risk of dynamic instability is believed to increase. Wind turbines are time dependent systems due to the coupling between degrees of freedom defined in the fixed and moving frames of reference, which may...... trigger off internal resonances. Further, the rotational speed of the rotor is not constant due to the stochastic turbulence, which may also influence the stability. In this paper, a robust measure of the dynamic stability of wind turbines is suggested, which takes the collective blade pitch control...... and non-linear aero-elasticity into consideration. The stability of the wind turbine is determined by the maximum Lyapunov exponent of the system, which is operated directly on the non-linear state vector differential equations. Numerical examples show that this approach is promising for stability...

Full Text Available For a system x˙=A(x+b(xu, u(x=s∗(xx, x∈ℝn, where the pair (A(x,b(x is given, we obtain the feedback vector s(x to stabilize the corresponding closed loop system. For an arbitrarily chosen constant vector g, a sufficient condition of the existence and an explicit form of a similarity transformation T(A(x,b(x,g is established. The latter transforms matrix A(x into the Frobenius matrix, vector b(x into g, and an unknown feedback vector s(x into the first unit vector. The boundaries of A˜(y,g are determined by the boundaries of {∂kA(x∂xk,∂kb(x∂xk}, k=0,n−1¯. The stabilization of the transformed system is subject to the choice of the constant vector g.

The relationship between the magnitude of singular value and nonlinearstability or instability of the basic flow is investigated. The results show that there is a good corresponding relationship between them. The magnitude of singular value decreases as the stability (or instability) of the basic flow increases (or decreases). In the stable case, the magnitude of the maximum singular value is much smaller than in the unstable case.

We study the asymptotic stability properties of nonlinear switched systems under the assumption of the existence of a common weak Lyapunov function. We consider the class of nonchaotic inputs, which generalize the different notions of inputs with dwell-time, and the class of general ones. For each of them we provide some sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability in terms of the geometry of certain sets. The results, which extend those of Balde, Jouan about linear systems, are illustrated...

The stabilization of discrete nonlinear systems is studied.Based on control Lyapunov functions,asufficient and necessary condition for a quadratic function to be a control Lyapunov function is given.From this condition,a continuous state feedback law is constructed explicitly.It can globally asymptotically stabilize the equilibrium of the closed-loop system.A simulation example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Full Text Available The approach of Kruzkov’s device of doubling the variables is applied to establish the local stability of strong solutions for a nonlinear partial differential equation in the space L1(R by assuming that the initial value only lies in the space L1(R∩L∞(R.

In this paper we consider the classical problem of stabilizingnonlinear systems in the case the control laws take values in a discrete set. First, we present a robust control approach to the problem. Then, we focus on the class of dissipative systems and rephrase classical results available for thi

This paper addresses the problem of stabilization of a class of internally passive non-linear time-invariant dynamic systems. A class of non-linear marginally strictly passive (MSP) systems is defined, which is less restrictive than input-strictly passive systems. It is shown that the interconnection of a non-linear passive system and a non-linear MSP system is globally asymptotically stable. The result generalizes and weakens the conditions of the passivity theorem, which requires one of the systems to be input-strictly passive. In the case of linear time-invariant systems, it is shown that the MSP property is equivalent to the marginally strictly positive real (MSPR) property, which is much simpler to check.

Full Text Available Based on Lyapunov stability theory, Itô formula, stochastic analysis, and matrix theory, we study the exponential stability of the stochastic nonlinear dynamical price system. Using Taylor's theorem, the stochastic nonlinear system with delay is reduced to an n-dimensional semilinear stochastic differential equation with delay. Some sufficient conditions of exponential stability and corollaries for such price system are established by virtue of Lyapunov function. The time delay upper limit is solved by using our theoretical results when the system is exponentially stable. Our theoretical results show that if the classical price Rayleigh equation is exponentially stable, so is its perturbed system with delay provided that both the time delay and the intensity of perturbations are small enough. Two examples are presented to illustrate our results.

This book provides its reader with a good understanding of the stabilization of switched nonlinear systems (SNS), systems that are of practical use in diverse situations: design of fault-tolerant systems in space- and aircraft; traffic control; and heat propagation control of semiconductor power chips. The practical background is emphasized throughout the book; interesting practical examples frequently illustrate the theoretical results with aircraft and spacecraft given particular prominence. Stabilization of Switched Nonlinear Systems with Unstable Modes treats several different subclasses of SNS according to the characteristics of the individual system (time-varying and distributed parameters, for example), the state composition of individual modes and the degree and distribution of instability in its various modes. Achievement and maintenance of stability across the system as a whole is bolstered by trading off between individual modes which may be either stable or unstable, or by exploiting areas of part...

Nonlinearly dynamic stability of flexible liquid-conveying pipe in fluid structure interaction was analyzed by using modal disassembling technique. The effects of Poisson,Junction and Friction couplings in the wave-flowing-vibration system on the pipe dynamic stability were included in the analytical model constituted by four nonlinear differential equations. An analyzing example of cantilevered pipe was done to illustrate the dynamic stability characteristics of the pipe in the full coupling mechanisms, and the phase curves related to the first four modal motions were drawn. The results show that the dynamic stable characteristics of the pipe are very complicated in the complete coupling mechanisms, and the kinds of the singularity points corresponding to the various modal motions are different.

A nonlinearstability analysis of the viscous circular Couette flow to axisymmetric perturbations under axial periodic boundary conditions is developed. The analysis is based on investigating the properties of a reduced Arnol'd energy-Casimir function Ard of Wang (2009). We show that all the inviscid flow effects as well as all the viscous-dependent terms related to the flow boundaries vanish. The evolution of ΔArd depends solely on the viscous effects of the perturbation's dynamics inside the flow domain. The requirement for the temporal decay of ΔArd leads to novel sufficient conditions for the nonlinearstability of the circular Couette flow in response to axisymmetric perturbations. Comparisons with historical studies show that our results shed light on the experimental measurements of Wendt (1933) and significantly extend the classical nonlinearstability results of Serrin (1959) and Joseph & Hung (1971). When the flow is nonlinearly stable and evolves axisymmetrically for all time, then it always decays asymptotically in time to the circular Couette flow determined uniquely by the setup of the rotating cylinders. This study provides new physical insights into a classical flow problem that was studied for decades.

We establish sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the trajectories and the stability of the fixed points in a class of general nonlinear systems, the so-called quasi-polynomial vector fields, with the help of a natural embedding of such systems in a family of generalized Lotka-Volterra (LV) equations. A purely algebraic procedure is developed to determine such conditions. We apply our method to obtain new results for LV systems, by a reparametrization in time variable, and to study general nonlinear vector fields, originally far from the LV format. (author)

Rotor-bearings systems applied widely in industry are nonlinear dynamic systems of multi-degree-of-freedom. Modem concepts on design and maintenance call for quantitative stability analysis. Using trajectory based stability-preserving and dimensional-reduction, a quanttative stability analysis method for rotor systems is presented. At first, an n-dimensional nonlinear non-autonomous rotor system is decoupled into n subsystems after numerical integration. Each of them has only onedegree-of-freedom and contains time-varying parameters to represent all other state variables. In this way, n-dimensional trajectory is mapped into a set of one-dimensional trajectories. Dynamic central point (DCP) of a subsystem is then defined on the extended phase plane, namely, force-position plane. Characteristics of curves on the extended phase plane and the DCP's kinetic energy difference sequence for general motion in rotor systems are studied. The corresponding stability margins of trajectory are evaluated quantitatively. By means of the margin and its sensitivity analysis, the critical parameters of the period doubling bifurcation and the Hopf bifurcation in a flexible rotor supported by two short journal beatings with nonlinear suspensionare are determined.

The non-linear electrohydrodynamic stability of capillary-gravity waves on the interface between two semi-infinite dielectric fluids is investigated. The system is stressed by a vertical electric field in the presence of surface charges. The work examines a few representative porous media configurations. The analysis includes Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. The boundary - value problem leads to a non-linear equation governing the surface evolution. Taylor theory is adopted to expand this equation, in the light of multiple scales, in order to obtain a non-linear Schr¨odinger equation describing the behavior of the perturbed interface. The latter equation, representing the amplitude of the quasi-monochromatic traveling wave, is used to describe the stability criteria. These criteria are discussed both analytically and numerically. In order to identifiy regions of stability and instability, the electric field intensity is plotted versus the wave number. Through a linear stability approach it is found that Darcy's coefficients have a destabilizing influence, while in the non-linear scope these coefficients as well as the electric field intensity play a dual role on the stability.

Full Text Available This paper investigates the stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems, whose control coefficient is uncertain and varies continuously in value and sign. The study emphasizes the development of a robust control that consists of a modified Nussbaum function to tackle the uncertain varying control coefficient. By such a method, the finite-time escape phenomenon has been prevented when the control coefficient is crossing zero and varying its sign. The proposed control guarantees the asymptotic stabilization of the system and boundedness of all closed-loop signals. The control performance is illustrated by a numerical simulation.

Full Text Available Abstract: The paper deals with local asymptotic stability analysis of some mass balance dynamic models (based on one and on two-stage reaction schemes of the anaerobic digestion (AD in CSTR. The equilibrium states for models based on one (with Monod, Contois and Haldane shapes for the specific growth rate and on two-stage (only with Monod shapes for both the specific growth rate of acidogenic and methanogenic bacterial populations reaction schemes have been determined solving sets of nonlinear algebraic equations using Maples. Their stability has been analyzed systematically, which provides insight and guidance for AD bioreactors design, operation and control.

This paper investigates the robust stabilization of the nonholonomic control systems with strongly nonlinear uncertainties.In order to make the state scaling effective and to prevent the fiflite time escape phenomenon from happening.the switching control strategy based on the state measurement of the first subsystem is employed to achieve the asymptotic stabilization.The recurslve integrator backstepping technique is applied to the design of the robust controller.The simulation example demonstrates the efficiency and robust features of the proposed method.

In a dissipative dynamic system driven by an oscillating force, a strong nonlinear highly oscillatory friction force can create a quasi-steady tug, which is always directed opposite to the ponderomotive force induced due to a spatial inhomogeneity of oscillations. When the friction-induced tug exceeds the ponderomotive force, the friction stabilizes the system oscillations near the maxima of the oscillation spatial amplitude of the driving force.

Full Text Available Electrostatic micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS is a special branch with a wide range of applications in sensing and actuating devices in MEMS. This paper provides a survey and analysis of the electrostatic force of importance in MEMS, its physical model, scaling effect, stability, nonlinearity and reliability in detail. It is necessary to understand the effects of electrostatic forces in MEMS and then many phenomena of practical importance, such as pull-in instability and the effects of effective stiffness, dielectric charging, stress gradient, temperature on the pull-in voltage, nonlinear dynamic effects and reliability due to electrostatic forces occurred in MEMS can be explained scientifically, and consequently the great potential of MEMS technology could be explored effectively and utilized optimally. A simplified parallel-plate capacitor model is proposed to investigate the resonance response, inherent nonlinearity, stiffness softened effect and coupled nonlinear effect of the typical electrostatically actuated MEMS devices. Many failure modes and mechanisms and various methods and techniques, including materials selection, reasonable design and extending the controllable travel range used to analyze and reduce the failures are discussed in the electrostatically actuated MEMS devices. Numerical simulations and discussions indicate that the effects of instability, nonlinear characteristics and reliability subjected to electrostatic forces cannot be ignored and are in need of further investigation.

Full Text Available This paper investigates the problems of finite-time stability and finite-time stabilization for nonlinear quadratic systems with jumps. The jump time sequences here are assumed to satisfy some given constraints. Based on Lyapunov function and a particular presentation of the quadratic terms, sufficient conditions for finite-time stability and finite-time stabilization are developed to a set containing bilinear matrix inequalities (BLIMs and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

The closed-loop stability of multivariable linear time-invariant systems controlled by optimal linear quadratic (LQ) regulators is investigated for the case when the feedback loops have nonlinearities N(sigma) that violate the standard stability condition, sigma N(sigma) or = 0.5 sigma(2). The violations of the condition are assumed to occur either (1) for values of sigma away from the origin (sigma = 0) or (2) for values of sigma in a neighborhood of the origin. It is proved that there exists a region of attraction for case (1) and a region of ultimate boundedness for case (2), and estimates are obtained for these regions. The results provide methods for selecting the performance function parameters to design LQ regulators with better tolerance to nonlinearities. The results are demonstrated by application to the problem of attitude and vibration control of a large, flexible space antenna in the presence of actuator nonlinearities.

Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a design method for the robust stabilization problem of a class of nonlinear systems with uncertain parameters is presented. The design procedure is divided into two steps: the first is to design controllers for the nominal system and make the system asymptotically stabilize at the expected equilibrium point; the second is to construct closed-loop nominal system based on the first step, then design robust controller to make the error of state between the original system and the nominal system converge to zero, thereby a dynamic controller with the constructed closed-loop nominal system served as interior dynamic is obtained. A numerical simulation verifies the correctness of the design method.

Full Text Available The stability analysis method based on region of attraction is proposed for the hypersonic flight vehicles’ flight control verification in this article. Current practice for hypersonic flight vehicles’ flight control verification is largely dependent on linear theoretical analysis and nonlinear simulation research. This problem can be improved by the nonlinearstability analysis of flight control system. Firstly, the hypersonic flight vehicles’ flight dynamic model is simplified and fitted by polynomial equation. And then the region of attraction estimation method based on V–s iteration is presented to complete the stability analysis. Finally, with the controller law, the closed-loop system stability is analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

In slope stability analysis, the limit equilibrium method is usually used to calculate the safety factor of slope based on Mohr-Coulomb criterion. However, Mohr-Coulomb criterion is restricted to the description of rock mass. To overcome its shortcomings, this paper combined Hoek-Brown criterion and limit equilibrium method and proposed an equation for calculating the safety factor of slope with limit equilibrium method in Hoek-Brown criterion through equivalent cohesive strength and the friction angle. Moreover, this paper investigates the impact of Hoek-Brown parameters on the safety factor of slope, which reveals that there is linear relation between equivalent cohesive strength and weakening factor D. However, there are nonlinear relations between equivalent cohesive strength and Geological Strength Index (GSI), the uniaxial compressive strength of intact rock σ ci , and the parameter of intact rock m i . There is nonlinear relation between the friction angle and all Hoek-Brown parameters. With the increase of D, the safety factor of slope F decreases linearly; with the increase of GSI, F increases nonlinearly; when σ ci is relatively small, the relation between F and σ ci is nonlinear, but when σ ci is relatively large, the relation is linear; with the increase of m i , F decreases first and then increases.

The nonlinear finite element method is used to analyze the geometrical nonlinearstability of cable-truss domes with different cable distributions. The results indicate that the critical load increases evidently when cables, especially diagonal cables, are distributed in the structure. The critical loads of the structure at different rise-span ratios are also discussed in this paper. It was shown that the effect of the tensional cable is more evident at small rise-span ratio. The buckling of the structure is characterized by a global collapse at small rise-span ratio; that the torsional buckling of the radial truss occurs at big rise-span ratio; and that at proper rise-span ratio, the global collapse and the lateral buckling of the truss occur nearly simultaneously.

Full Text Available On the basis of the competing cubic-quintic nonlinearity model, stability (instability of continuous waves in nonlocal random non-Kerr nonlinear media is studied analytically and numerically. Fluctuating media parameters are modeled by the Gaussian white noise. It is shown that for different response functions of a medium nonlocality suppresses, as a rule, both the growth rate peak and bandwidth of instability caused by random parameters. At the same time, for a special form of the response functions there can be an ''anomalous'' subjection of nonlocality to the instability development which leads to further increase of the growth rate. Along with the second-order moments of the modulational amplitude, higher-order moments are taken into account.

The nonlinear finite element method is used to analyze the geometrical nonlinearstability of cabletruss domes with different cable distributions. The results indicate that the critical load increases evidently when cables, especially diagonal cables, are distributed in the structure. The critical loads of the structure at different rise-span ratios are also discussed in this paper. It was shown that the effect of the tensional cable is more evident at small rise-span ratio. The buckling of the structure is characterized by a global collapse at small rlse-span ratio ; that the torsional buckling of the radial truss occurs at big rise-span ratio; and that at proper rise-span ratio, the global collapse and the lateral buckling of the truss occur nearly simultaneously.

This paper deals with the control problem in multi-machine electric power systems, which represent complex great scale nonlinear systems. Thus, the controller design is a challenging problem. These systems are subjected to different perturbations, such as short circuits, connection and/or disconnection of loads, lines, or generators. Then, the utilization of controllers which guarantee good performance under those perturbations is required in order to provide electrical energy to the loads with admissible stability margins. The proposed controllers are based on a systematic strategy, which calculate nonlinear controllers for generating units in a power plant, both for voltage and velocity regulation. The formulation allows designing controllers in a multi-machine power system without intricate calculations. Results on a power system of the open research indicate the proposition's suitability. The problem is formulated as a tracking problem. The designed controllers may be implemented in any electric power system. (author)

mode that is uncontrollable. The results complement previous work on the synthesis of nonlinearstabilizing control laws. The present work addresses...analysis and stabilizing control design employ results on stability of bifurcations of parametrized systems.

This paper investigates the stability of n-dimensional fractional order nonlinear systems with commensurate order 0 nonlinear systems with order lying in (0, 2). According to this theory, stabilizing a class of fractional order nonlinear systems only need a linear state feedback controller. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed theory.

By means of LaSalle’s invariance principle, we propose an adaptive controller with the aim of stabilizing an unstable steady state for a wide class of nonlinear dynamical systems. The control technique does not require analytical knowledge of the system dynamics and operates without any explicit knowledge of the desired steady-state position. The control input is achieved using only system states with no computer analysis of the dynamics. The proposed strategy is tested on Lorentz, van der Pol, and pendulum equations.

Full Text Available A conventional region control technique cannot meet the demands for an accurate tracking performance in view of its inability to accommodate highly nonlinear system dynamics, imprecise hydrodynamic coefficients, and external disturbances. In this paper, a robust technique is presented for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV with region tracking function. Within this control scheme, nonlinear H∞ and region based control schemes are used. A Lyapunov-like function is presented for stability analysis of the proposed control law. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed tracking control of the AUV. It is shown that the proposed control law is robust against parameter uncertainties, external disturbances, and nonlinearities and it leads to uniform ultimate boundedness of the region tracking error.

This paper is devoted to the phase space analysis of an isotropic and homogeneous model of the universe by taking a noninteracting mixture of the electromagnetic and viscous radiating fluids whose viscous pressure satisfies a nonlinear version of the Israel-Stewart transport equation. We establish an autonomous system of equations by introducing normalized dimensionless variables. In order to analyze the stability of the system, we find corresponding critical points for different values of the parameters. We also evaluate the power-law scale factor whose behavior indicates different phases of the universe in this model. It is concluded that the bulk viscosity as well as electromagnetic field enhances the stability of the accelerated expansion of the isotropic and homogeneous model of the universe. (orig.)

The trust region approach has been extended to solving nonlinear constrained optimization. Most of these extensions consider only equality constraints and require strong global regularity assumptions. In this paper, a trust region algorithm for solving general nonlinear programming is presented, which solves an unconstrained piecewise quadratic trust region subproblem and a quadratic programming trust region subproblem at each iteration. A new technique for updating the penalty parameter is introduced. Under very mild conditions, the global convergence results are proved. Some local convergence results are also proved. Preliminary numerical results are also reported.

This paper considers the problem of stabilizing a class of nonlinear systems with unknown bounded delayed feedback wherein the time-varying delay is 1) piecewise constant 2) continuous with a bounded rate. We also consider application of these results to the stabilization of rigid-body attitude dynamics. In the first case, the time-delay in feedback is modeled specifically as a switch among an arbitrarily large set of unknown constant values with a known strict upper bound. The feedback is a linear function of the delayed states. In the case of linear systems with switched delay feedback, a new sufficiency condition for average dwell time result is presented using a complete type Lyapunov-Krasovskii (L-K) functional approach. Further, the corresponding switched system with nonlinear perturbations is proven to be exponentially stable inside a well characterized region of attraction for an appropriately chosen average dwell time. In the second case, the concept of the complete type L-K functional is extended to a class of nonlinear time-delay systems with unknown time-varying time-delay. This extension ensures stability robustness to time-delay in the control design for all values of time-delay less than the known upper bound. Model-transformation is used in order to partition the nonlinear system into a nominal linear part that is exponentially stable with a bounded perturbation. We obtain sufficient conditions which ensure exponential stability inside a region of attraction estimate. A constructive method to evaluate the sufficient conditions is presented together with comparison with the corresponding constant and piecewise constant delay. Numerical simulations are performed to illustrate the theoretical results of this paper.

We discuss the global stabilization procedure which renders a general class of feedback nonlinear systems exponential convergent. Our stabilizer consists of a nested saturation function, which is a nonlinear combination of satrration functions. Here we prove the exponential convergence of the stabilizer for the first time and give numerical examples to illustrate the efficiency of the result given above.

Full Text Available In this paper, absolute stability of nonlinear systems with time delays is investigated. Sufficient conditions on absolute stability are derived by using the comparison principle and differential inequalities. These conditions are simple and easy to check. In addition, exponential stability conditions for some special cases of nonlinear delay systems are discussed. Applications of those results to cellular neural networks are presented.

The study presented is an investigation of the non-linear dynamics and stability of simply supported, circular cylindrical shells containing inviscid incompressible fluid flow. Non-linearities due to large-amplitude shell motion are considered by using the non-linear Donnell's shallow shell theory, with account taken of the effect of viscous structural damping. Linear potential flow theory is applied to describe the fluid-structure interaction. The system is discretiszd by Galerkin's method, and is investigated by using a model involving seven degrees of freedom, allowing for travelling wave response of the shell and shell axisymmetric contraction. Two different boundary conditions are applied to the fluid flow beyond the shell, corresponding to: (i) infinite baffles (rigid extensions of the shell), and (ii) connection with a flexible wall of infinite extent in the longitudinal direction, permitting solution by separation of variables; they give two different kinds of dynamical behaviour of the system, as a consequence of the fact that axisymmetric contraction, responsible for the softening non-linear dynamical behaviour of shells, is not allowed if the fluid flow beyond the shell is constrained by rigid baffles. Results show that the system loses stability by divergence.

In this paper, Lyapunov function method isused to study the robust absolute stability of general interval Lur'e type nonlinear control systems. As a result, algebraically sufficient conditions with interval matrix inequality form are obtained for the general interval Lur'e type nonlinear control systems, thus the relationship between the stability of symmetrical interval matrix and the robust absolute stability of general interval Lur'e type nonlinear control systems is established.

Regions can become 'locked' into a spatial-economic development trajectory, thereby losing their capacity to adapt to spatial dynamics. This is in contrast to those regions that seem to be able to reinvent themselves by adapting to processes that drive spatial change, deviating from past development

Regions can become 'locked' into a spatial-economic development trajectory, thereby losing their capacity to adapt to spatial dynamics. This is in contrast to those regions that seem to be able to reinvent themselves by adapting to processes that drive spatial change, deviating from past development

The global stabilization of nonlinear cascade systems with partially linear composite dynamics is discussed in this paper using continuous terminal sliding modes (TSM). A two phase control strategy is proposed. The first phase is to use a linear control, called pre-TSM control, to bring the system state into a region where the TSM control is not singular. The second phase is to employ the TSM control in the region such that the equilibrium of the linear subsystem is reached in a finite time whose value is tunable by parameter setting of the TSMs. The finite time convergence of the proposed control strategy enables elimination of the effect of asymptotic convergence on the nonlinear systems. Although the proposed control strategy is sliding mode based, the control signal is continuous except at a single discontinuous point.Chattering phenomenon commonly associated with sliding mode control does not occur.

This paper presents a new trust-region algorithm for n-dimension nonlinear optimization subject to m nonlinear inequality constraints. Equivalent KKT conditions are derived,which is the basis for constructing the new algorithm. Global convergence of the algorithm to a first-order KKT point is established under mild conditions on the trial steps, local quadratic convergence theorem is proved for nondegenerate minimizer point. Numerical experiment is presented to show the effectiveness of our approach.

In a modern power system, there is often large difference in the decay speeds of transients. This could lead to numerical problems such as heavy simulation burden and singularity when the traditional methods are used to estimate the stabilityregion of such a dynamic system with saturation nonlinearities. To overcome these problems, a reduced-order method, based on the singular perturbation theory, is suggested to estimate the stabilityregion of a singular system with saturation nonlinearities. In the reduced-order method, a low-order linear dynamic system with saturation nonlinearities is constructed to estimate the stabilityregion of the primary high-order system so that the singularity is eliminated and the estimation process is simplified. In addition, the analytical foundation of the reduction method is proven and the method is validated using a test power system with 3 buses and 5 machines.

We investigate the properties of localized waves in cubic nonlinear materials with a symmetric nonlocal nonlinear response of arbitrary shape and degree of nonlocality, described by a general nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger type equation. We prove rigorously by bounding the Hamiltonian that nonloc......We investigate the properties of localized waves in cubic nonlinear materials with a symmetric nonlocal nonlinear response of arbitrary shape and degree of nonlocality, described by a general nonlocal nonlinear Schrodinger type equation. We prove rigorously by bounding the Hamiltonian...

Full Text Available The analysis of stability and bifurcation is studied in nonlinear mechanics with dissipative mechanisms: plasticity, damage, fracture. The description is based on introduction of a set of internal variables. This framework allows a systematic description of the material behaviour via two potentials: the free energy and the potential of dissipation. In the framework of standard generalized materials the internal state evolution is governed by a variational inequality which depends on the mechanism of dissipation. This inequality is obtained through energetic considerations in an unified description based upon energy and driving forces associated to the dissipative process. This formulation provides criterion for existence and uniqueness of the system evolution. Examples are presented for plasticity, fracture and for damaged materials.

A static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a typical flexible ac transmission system device playing a vital role as a stability aid for small and large transient disturbances in an interconnected power system. This article deals with design and evaluation of a feedback linearizing nonlinear controller for STATCOM installed in a single-machine infinite-bus power system. In addition to the coordinated control of ac and dc bus voltages, the proposed controller also provides good damping to the electromechanical oscillation of the synchronous generator under transient disturbances. The efficiency of the control strategy is evaluated by computer simulation studies. The comparative study of these results with the conventional cascade control structure establishes the elegance of the proposed control scheme. (author)

Hydrodynamic stability has been a longstanding issue for the cloud model of the broad line region in active galactic nuclei. We argue that the clouds may be gravitationally bound to the supermassive black hole. If true, stabilisation by thermal pressure alone becomes even more difficult. We further argue that if magnetic fields should be present in such clouds at a level that could affect the stability properties, they need to be strong enough to compete with the radiation pressure on the cloud. This would imply magnetic field values of a few Gauss for a sample of Active Galactic Nuclei we draw from the literature. We then investigate the effect of several magnetic configurations on cloud stability in axi-symmetric magnetohydrodynamic simulations. For a purely azimuthal magnetic field which provides the dominant pressure support, the cloud first gets compressed by the opposing radiative and gravitational forces. The pressure inside the cloud then increases, and it expands vertically. Kelvin-Helmholtz and colu...

This paper is concerned with numerical stability of nonlinear systems of pantograph equations. Numerical methods based on (k, l)-algebraically stable Runge-Kutta methods are suggested. Global and asymptotic stability conditions for the presented methods are derived.

This paper presents a control Lyapunov function approach to the global stabilization problem for general nonlinear and time-varying systems. Explicit stabilizing feedback control laws are proposed based on the method of control Lyapunov functions and Sontag's universal formula.

The sufficient conditions for the stability and asymptotic stability of Runge-Kutta methods for nonlinear neutral delay integro-differential equations are derived. A numerical test that confirms the theoretical results is given in the end.

Using the invariance principle of LaSalle (1962) sufficient conditions for the existence of linear and nonlinear control laws for local and global asymptotic stability of nonlinear Hamiltonian systems are derived. An instability theorem is also presented which identifies the control laws from the given class which cannot achieve asymptotic stability. Some of the stability results are based on certain results for the univalence of nonlinear maps. A similar approach for the stabilization of bilinear systems which include nonconservative systems in elasticity is used and a necessary and sufficient condition for stabilization is obtained. An application to attitude control of a gyrostat Satellite is presented.

This paper first presents the stability analysis of theoretical solutions for a class of nonlinear neutral delay-differential equations (NDDEs). Then the numerical analogous results, of the natural Runge-Kutta (NRK) methods for the same class of nonlinear NDDEs,are given. In particular, it is shown that the (k, l)-algebraic stability of a RK method for ODEs implies the generalized asymptotic stability and the global stability of the induced NRK method.

Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) stability studies are generally conducted through nonlinear reduced order models (Rom) employing various techniques such as bifurcation analysis and time domain numerical integration. One of those models used for these studies is the March-Leuba Rom. Such model represents qualitatively the dynamic behavior of a BWR through a one-point reactor kinetics, a one node representation of the heat transfer process in fuel, and a two node representation of the channel Thermal hydraulics to account for the void reactivity feedback. Here, we study the effect of this higher order model on the overall stability of the BWR. The change in the stability boundaries is determined by evaluating the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix. The nonlinear model is also integrated numerically to show that in the nonlinearregion, the system evolves to stable limit cycles when operating close to the stability boundary. We also applied a new technique based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition (Emd) to estimate a parameter linked with stability in a BWR. This instability parameter is not exactly the classical Decay Ratio (Dr), but it will be linked with it. The proposed method allows decomposing the analyzed signal in different levels or mono-component functions known as intrinsic mode functions (Imf). One or more of these different modes can be associated to the instability problem in BWRs. By tracking the instantaneous frequencies (calculated through Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) and the autocorrelation function (Acf) of the Imf linked to instability. The estimation of the proposed parameter can be achieved. The current methodology was validated with simulated signals of the studied model. (Author)

A new model predictive control (MPC) algorithm for nonlinear systems is presented, its stabilizing property is proved, and its attractive regions are estimated. The presented method is based on the feasible solution,which makes the attractive regions much larger than those of the normal MPC controller that is based on the optimal solution.

A study is conducted of the effect of dither on the nonlinear element of a single-input single-outout feedback system. Nonlinearities are considered with memory (backlash, hysteresis), in the feedforward loop; a dither of a given amplitude is injected at the input of the nonlinearity. The nonlinearity is followed by a linear element with low-pass characteristic. The stability of the dithered system and an approximate equivalent system (in which the nonlinearity is a smooth function) are compared. Conditions on the input and on the dither frequency are obtained so that the approximate-system stability guarantees that of the given hysteretic system.

Full Text Available Based on the nonlinearstability analysis method, the 3D nonlinear finite element model of a composite girder cable-stayed bridge with three pylons is established to research the effect of factors including geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, static wind load, and unbalanced construction load on the structural stability during construction. Besides, the structural nonlinearstability in different construction schemes and the determination of temporary pier position are also studied. The nonlinearstability safety factors are calculated to demonstrate the rationality and safety of construction schemes. The results show that the nonlinearstability safety factors of this bridge during construction meet the design requirement and the minimum value occurs in the maximum double cantilever stage. Besides, the nonlinearstability of the structure in the side of edge-pylon meets the design requirement in the two construction schemes. Furthermore, the temporary pier can improve the structure stability, effectively, and the actual position is reasonable. In addition, the local buckling of steel girder occurs earlier than overall instability under load in some cable tension stages. Finally, static wind load and the unbalanced construction load should be considered in the stability analysis for the adverse impact.

Zhu Wenli [Department of Economics Mathematics, South Western University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 610074 (China)]. E-mail: zhuwl@swufe.edu.cn; Yi Zhang [Computational Intelligence Laboratory, School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054 (China)]. E-mail: zhangyi@uestc.edu.cn

2007-10-15

Integral input-to-state stability is an interesting concept that has been recently introduced to nonlinear control systems. This paper generalizes this concept to nonlinear control systems with delays. These delays can be bounded, unbounded, and even infinite. Theorems for integral input-to-state stability are derived by developing the method of Razumikhin technique in the theory of functional differential equations.

Full Text Available Fractional calculus started to play an important role for analysis of the evolution of the nonlinear dynamical systems which are important in various branches of science and engineering. In this line of taught in this paper we studied the stability of fractional order nonlinear time-delay systems for Caputo's derivative, and we proved two theorems for Mittag-Leffler stability of the fractional nonlinear time delay systems.

This note deals with the problem of stabilization/stability for neutral systems with nonlinear perturbations.A new stabilization/stability scheme is presented.Using improved Lyapunov functionals.less conservative stabilization/stability conditions are derived for such systems based on linear matrix inequalities(LMI).Numerical examples are provided to show that the proposed results significantly improve the allowed upper bounds of the delay size over some existing ones in the literature.

Attention is given to the weakly nonlinearstability of essentially viscous vortices in 3D boundary layers. These modes are unstable in the absence of crossflow, but the imposition of small crossflow has a stabilizing effect. Bassom and Hall (1991) demonstrated the existence of neutrally stable vortices for certain crossflow/wave number combinations, and the weakly nonlinearstability properties of these disturbances are described. It is shown that the effect of crossflow is to stabilize the nonlinear modes, and the present calculations allow stable finite-amplitude vortices to be found. Predictions are made concerning the likelihood of observing some of these viscous modes within a practical setting.

Half-empirical regularities of pyrochlore type structure formation (Sm/sub 2/Zr/sub 2/O/sub 7/, Sc/sub 2/Hf/sub 2/O/sub 7/, Sm/sub 2/ScNbO/sub 7/, SrHoHfNbO/sub 7/, CdBiNbO/sub 7/ etc.) are determined and regions of its stability in terms of deformations of interatomic bonds are obtained. An analytical method of forecasting a possibility of pyrochlore type structure formation necessary for directed search of new oxides with this structure is developed using them.

The three-dimensional H-type nonlinear evolution process for the problem of boundary layer stability is studied by using a newly developed method called parabolic stability equations (PSE).The key initial conditions for sub-harmonic disturbances are obtained by means of the secondary instability theory. The initial solutions of two-dimensional harmonic waves are expressed in Landau expansions. The numerical techniques developed in this paper, including the higher order spectrum method and the more effective algebraic mapping for dealing with the problem of an infinite region,increase the numerical accuracy and the rate of convergence greatly. With the predictor-corrector approach in the marching procedure, the normalization, which is very important for PSE method, is satisfied and the stability of the numerical calculation can be assured. The effects of different pressure gradients, including the favorable and adverse pressure gradients of the basic flow, on the "H-type"evolution are studied in detail. The results of the three-dimensional nonlinear "H-type" evolution are given accurately and show good agreement with the data of the experiment and the results of the DNS from the curves of the amplitude variation, disturbance velocity profile and the evolution of velocity.

A series of stability, contractivity and asymptotic stability results of the solutions to nonlinear stiff Volterra functional differential equations (VFDEs) in Banach spaces is obtained, which provides the unified theoretical foundation for the stability analysis of solutions to nonlinear stiff problems in ordinary differential equations(ODEs), delay differential equations(DDEs), integro-differential equations(IDEs) and VFDEs of other type which appear in practice.

We study an epidemic model for infections with non permanent acquired immunity (SIRS). The incidence rate is assumed to be convex respect to the infective class. By using a peculiar Lyapunov function, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the local nonlinearstability of equilibria. Conditions ensuring the global stability of the endemic equilibrium are also obtained. Our procedure allows to enlarge the class of incidence rates ensuring the Lyapunov nonlinearstability of the endemic equilibrium for SIRS models.

We report results of the analysis for families of one-dimensional (1D) trapped solitons, created by competing self-focusing (SF) quintic and self-defocusing (SDF) cubic nonlinear terms. Two trapping potentials are considered, the harmonic-oscillator (HO) and delta-functional ones. The models apply to optical solitons in colloidal waveguides and other photonic media, and to matter-wave solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates loaded into a quasi-1D trap. For the HO potential, the results are obtained in an approximate form, using the variational and Thomas-Fermi approximations, and in a full numerical form, including the ground state and the first antisymmetric excited one. For the delta-functional attractive potential, the results are produced in a fully analytical form, and verified by means of numerical methods. Both exponentially localized solitons and weakly localized trapped modes are found for the delta-functional potential. The most essential conclusions concern the applicability of competing Vakhitov-Kolokolov (VK) and anti-VK criteria to the identification of the stability of solitons created under the action of the competing SF and SDF terms.

This paper is concerned with the problems of stability analysis and stabilization with a state feedback controller through pole placement for a class of both continuous and discrete-time switched nonlinear systems. These systems are modeled by differential or difference equations. Then, a transformation under the arrow form is employed. Note that, the main contribution in this work is twofold: firstly, based on the construction of an appropriated common Lyapunov function, as well the use of the vector norms notion, the recourse to the Kotelyanski lemma, the M-matrix proprieties, the aggregation techniques and the application of the Borne-Gentina criterion, new sufficient stability conditions under arbitrary switching for the autonomous system are deduced. Secondly, this result is extended for designing a state feedback controller by using pole assignment control, which guarantee that the corresponding closed-loop system is globally asymptotically stable under arbitrary switching. The main novelties features of these obtained results are the explicitness and the simplicity in their application. Moreover, they allow us to avoid the search of a common Lyapunov function which is a difficult matter. Finally, as validation to stabilize a shunt DC motor under variable mechanical loads is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.

A new nonlinear variable structure excitation controller is proposed. Its design combines the differential geometry theory and the variable structure controlling theory. The mathematical model in the form of "an affine nonlinear system" is set up for the control of a large-scale power system. The static and dynamic performances of the nonlinear variable structure controller are simulated. The response of system with the controller proposed is compared to that of the nonlinear optimal controller when the system is subjected to a variety of disturbances. Simulation results show that the nonlinear variable structure excitation controller gives more satisfactorily static and dynamic performance and better robustness.

This paper investigates the potential for stabilizing an inverted pendulum without electric devices, using gravitational potential energy. We propose a wheeled mechanism on a slope, specifically, a wheeled double pendulum, whose second pendulum transforms gravity force into braking force that acts on the wheel. In this paper, we derive steady-state equations of this system and conduct nonlinear analysis to obtain parameter conditions under which the standing position of the first pendulum becomes asymptotically stable. In this asymptotically stable condition, the proposed mechanism descends the slope in a stable standing position, while dissipating gravitational potential energy via the brake mechanism. By numerically continuing the stability limits in the parameter space, we find that the stable parameter region is simply connected. This implies that the proposed mechanism can be robust against errors in parameter setting.

The relationship between chlorophyll a (Chl a) and total phosphorus (TP) is a fundamental relationship in lakes that reflects multiple aspects of ecosystem function and is also used in the regulation and management of inland waters. The exact form of this relationship has substantial implications on its meaning and its use. We assembled a spatially extensive data set to examine whether nonlinear models are a better fit for Chl a—TP relationships than traditional log-linear models, whether there were regional differences in the form of the relationships, and, if so, which regional factors were related to these differences. We analyzed a data set from 2105 temperate lakes across 35 ecoregions by fitting and comparing two different nonlinear models and one log-linear model. The two nonlinear models fit the data better than the log-linear model. In addition, the parameters for the best-fitting model varied among regions: the maximum and lower Chl aasymptotes were positively and negatively related to percent regional pasture land use, respectively, and the rate at which chlorophyll increased with TP was negatively related to percent regional wetland cover. Lakes in regions with more pasture fields had higher maximum chlorophyll concentrations at high TP concentrations but lower minimum chlorophyll concentrations at low TP concentrations. Lakes in regions with less wetland cover showed a steeper Chl a—TP relationship than wetland-rich regions. Interpretation of Chl a—TP relationships depends on regional differences, and theory and management based on a monolithic relationship may be inaccurate.

The robustly asymptotical stability problem for discrete-time nonlinear systems with time-delay was investigated. Positive definite matrix are constructed through Lyapunov functional. With the identity transform, property of matrix inverse and S-procedure, a new sufficient condition independent of the size of time-delay for robust stability of discrete-time nonlinear systems with time-delay is established. With Schur complement, another equivalent sufficient condition for robust stability of discrete-time nonlinear systems with time-delay is given. Finally, a sufficient condition dependent on the size of time-delay for robust stability of discrete-time nonlinear systems with time-delay is obtained. A unified approach is used to cast the robust stability problem into a convex optimization involving linear matrix inequalities.

The core of this textbook is a systematic and self-contained treatment of the nonlinearstabilization and output regulation problems. Its coverage embraces both fundamental concepts and advanced research outcomes and includes many numerical and practical examples. Several classes of important uncertain nonlinear systems are discussed. The state-of-the art solution presented uses robust and adaptive control design ideas in an integrated approach which demonstrates connections between global stabilization and global output regulation allowing both to be treated as stabilization problems. Stabilization and Regulation of Nonlinear Systems takes advantage of rich new results to give students up-to-date instruction in the central design problems of nonlinear control, problems which are a driving force behind the furtherance of modern control theory and its application. The diversity of systems in which stabilization and output regulation become significant concerns in the mathematical formulation of practical contr...

In this paper, the problem of partial equiasymptotic stability for nonlinear time-varying differential equations are analyzed. A sufficient condition of partial stability and a set of sufficient conditions of partial equiasymptotic stability are given. Some of these conditions allow the derivative of Lyapunov function to be positive. Finally, several numerical examples are also given to illustrate the main results.

Full Text Available Under the weaker assumption on nonlinear functions, the adaptive finite-time stabilization of more general high-order nonlinear systems with dynamic and parametric uncertainties is solved in this paper. To solve this problem, finite-time input-to-state stability (FTISS is used to characterize the unmeasured dynamic uncertainty. By skillfully combining Lyapunov function, sign function, backstepping, and finite-time input-to-state stability approaches, an adaptive state feedback controller is designed to guarantee high-order nonlinear systems are globally finite-time stable.

In this paper, the property of practical input-to-state stability and its application to stability of cascaded nonlinear systems are investigated in the stochastic framework. Firstly, the notion of (practical)stochastic input-to-state stability with respect to a stochastic input is introduced, and then by the method of changing supply functions, (a) an (practical) SISS-Lyapunov function for the overall system is obtained from the corresponding Lyapunov functions for cascaded (practical) SISS subsystems.

The parabolized stability equations (PSE) have been developed as an efficient and powerful tool for studying the stability of advection-dominated laminar flows. In this work, a new "wavepacket" formulation of the PSE is presented. This method accounts for the influence of finite-bandwidth-frequency distributions on nonlinearstability calculations. The methodology is motivated by convolution integrals and is found to appropriately represent nonlinear energy transfer between primary modes and harmonics, in particular nonlinear feedback, via a "nonlinear coupling coefficient." It is found that traditional discrete mode formulations overestimate nonlinear feedback by approximately 70%. This results in smaller maximum disturbance amplitudes than those observed experimentally. The new formulation corrects this overestimation, accounts for the generation of side lobes responsible for spectral broadening and results in disturbance saturation amplitudes consistent with experiment. A Mach 6 flared-cone example is presented. Support from the AFOSR Young Investigator Program via Grant FA9550-15-1-0129 is gratefully acknowledges.

Full Text Available This paper investigates the stability of a thin electrically conductive fluid under an applied uniform magnetic filed during spin coating. A generalized nonlinear kinematic model is derived by the long-wave perturbation method to represent the physical system. After linearizing the nonlinear evolution equation, the method of normal mode is applied to study the linear stability. Weakly nonlinear dynamics of film flow is studied by the multiple scales method. The Ginzburg-Landau equation is determined to discuss the necessary conditions of the various critical flow states, namely, subcritical stability, subcritical instability, supercritical stability, and supercritical explosion. The study reveals that the rotation number and the radius of the rotating circular disk generate similar destabilizing effects but the Hartmann number gives a stabilizing effect. Moreover, the optimum conditions can be found to alter stability of the film flow by controlling the applied magnetic field.

The wave equation with variable coefficients with a nonlinear dissipative boundary feedbackis studied. By the Riemannian geometry method and the multiplier technique, it is shown thatthe closed loop system decays exponentially or asymptotically, and hence the relation betweenthe decay rate of the system energy and the nonlinearity behavior of the feedback function isestablished.

Full Text Available Based on adaptive nonlinear damping, a novel decentralized robust adaptive output feedback stabilization comprising a decentralized robust adaptive output feedback controller and a decentralized robust adaptive observer is proposed for a large-scale interconnected nonlinear system with general uncertainties, such as unknown nonlinear parameters, bounded disturbances, unknown nonlinearities, unmodeled dynamics, and unknown interconnections, which are nonlinear function of not only states and outputs but also unmodeled dynamics coming from other subsystems. In each subsystem, the proposed stabilization only has two adaptive parameters, and it is not needed to generate an additional dynamic signal or estimate the unknown parameters. Under certain assumptions, the proposed scheme guarantees that all the dynamic signals in the interconnected nonlinear system are bounded. Furthermore, the system states and estimate errors can approach arbitrarily small values by choosing the design parameters appropriately large. Finally, simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

A summary and commentary of the available theoretical and analytical tools and recent advances in the nonlinear dynamics, stability and aperture issues in storage rings are presented. 11 refs., 4 figs.

In this paper we investigate the global asymptotic stability,boundedness as well as the ultimate boundedness of solutions to a general third order nonlinear differential equation,using complete Lyapunov function.

Full Text Available We study the stabilization of solutions to higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger equations in a bounded interval under the effect of a localized damping mechanism. We use multiplier techniques to obtain exponential decay in time of the solutions of the linear and nonlinear equations.

We discuss the existence and stability of two-dimensional solitons in media with spatially nonlocal nonlinear response. We show that such systems, which include thermal nonlinearity and dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, may support a variety of stationary localized structures, including rotating...

A series of contractivity and exponential stability results for the solutions to nonlinear neutral functional differential equations (NFDEs) in Banach spaces are obtained,which provide unified theoretical foundation for the contractivity analysis of solutions to nonlinear problems in functional differential equations (FDEs),neutral delay differential equations (NDDEs) and NFDEs of other types which appear in practice.

This paper studies the use of vector Lyapunov functions for the design of globally stabilizing feedback laws for nonlinear systems. Recent results on vector Lyapunov functions are utilized. The main result of the paper shows that the existence of a vector control Lyapunov function is a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a smooth globally stabilizing feedback. Applications to nonlinear systems are provided: simple and easily checkable sufficient conditions are proposed to guarantee the existence of a smooth globally stabilizing feedback law. The obtained results are applied to the problem of the stabilization of an equilibrium point of a reaction network taking place in a continuous stirred tank reactor.

International audience; In this paper, stabilizing control design for a class of nonlinear affine systems is presented by using a new generalized Gronwall-Bellman lemma approach. The nonlinear systems under consideration can be non Lipschitz. Two cases are treated for the exponential stabilization~: the static state feedback and the static output feedback. The robustness of the proposed control laws with regards to parameter uncertainties is also studied. A numerical example is given to show ...

This paper mainly tends to utilize [Formula: see text]-type function to investigate p-th moment and almost sure stability for a class of stochastic switched nonlinear systems. Based on the multiple Lyapunov functions approach, some sufficient conditions are derived to check the stability criteria of stochastic switched nonlinear systems. One numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.

In this paper, we consider a nonlinear networked control system (NCS) in which controllers, sensors and actuators are connected via several communication links. In each link, networking effects such as the transmission delay, packet loss, sampling jitter and data packet miss-ordering are captured by time-varying delays. Stability analysis is carried out based on the Lyapunov Krasovskii method to obtain a condition for stability of the nonlinear NCS in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI...

Full Text Available Mechanical and economic systems with hysteresis nonlinearities are studied in article. Dissipativity condition of inverted pendulum under the hysteresis control is obtained. The solution of the optimal production strategy problem was found where price has hysteresis behaviour.

This paper studies the robust optimal control design for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems from a perspective of robust adaptive dynamic programming (RADP). The objective is to fill up a gap in the past literature of adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) where dynamic uncertainties or unmodeled dynamics are not addressed. A key strategy is to integrate tools from modern nonlinear control theory, such as the robust redesign and the backstepping techniques as well as the nonlinear small-gain theorem, with the theory of ADP. The proposed RADP methodology can be viewed as an extension of ADP to uncertain nonlinear systems. Practical learning algorithms are developed in this paper, and have been applied to the controller design problems for a jet engine and a one-machine power system.

This paper investigates the stability of a class of nonlinear time-delay systems via Hamiltonian functional method,and proposes a number of new results on generalized Hamiltonian realization (GHR) and stability analysis for this class of systems.Firstly,the concept of GHR of general nonlinear time-delay systems is proposed,and several new GHR methods are given.Then,based on the new GHR methods obtained,the stability of time-delay systems is investigated,and several delay-dependent sufficient conditions in term of matrix inequalities are derived for the stability analysis by constructing suitable Lyapunov-Krasovskii (L-K) functionals.Finally,an illustrative example shows that the results obtained in this paper have less conservatism,and work very well in the stability analysis of some nonlinear time-delay Hamiltonian systems.

This paper considers a single sensor and single actuator approach to the static feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems. This is essentially a remote control problem that is present in many engineering applications. The proposed method solves this problem that is less expensive to implement and more reliable in practice. Significant results are obtained on the design of controllers for stabilizing the nonlinear systems. Important issues on control implementation are also discussed. The proposed design method is validated through its application to nonlinear control of aircraft engines.

Extra dimensions are a common feature of beyond the Standard Model physics. In a braneworld scenario, local physics on the brane can depend strongly on the brane's location within the bulk. Generically, the relevant properties of the bulk manifold for the physics on/of the brane are neither local nor global, but depend on the structure of finite regions of the bulk, even for locally homogeneous and isotropic bulk geometries. In a recent work, various mechanisms (in a braneworld context) were considered to stabilize the location of a brane within bulk spaces of non-trivial topology. In this work we elaborate on and generalize that work by considering additional bulk and brane dimensionalities as well as different boundary conditions on the bulk scalar field that provides a Casimir force on the brane, providing further insight on this effect. In D=2+1 (D=5+1) we consider both local and global contributions to the effective potential of a 1-brane (4-brane) wrapped around both the 2-dimensional hyperbolic horn an...

Full Text Available We address the problem of globally asymptotic stability for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with time-varying delays. By the backstepping method and Lyapunov theory, we design a linear output feedback controller recursively based on the observable linearization for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with time-varying delays to guarantee that the closed-loop system is globally asymptotically stable in probability. In particular, we extend the deterministic nonlinear system to stochastic nonlinear systems with time-varying delays. Finally, an example and its simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical results.

This paper applies three methods (i.e., root locus analysis, describing function method and extended circle criterion) to approach the frequency domain stability analysis of the fast tool servo system using nonlinear active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) algorithm. Root locus qualitative analysis shows that limit cycle is generated because the gain of the nonlinear function used in ADRC varies with its input. The parameters in the nonlinear function are adjustable to suppress limit cycle. In the process of root locus analysis, the nonlinear function is transformed based on the concept of equivalent gain. Then, frequency domain description of the nonlinear function via describing function is presented and limit cycle quantitative analysis including estimating prediction error is presented, which virtually and theoretically demonstrates that the describing function method cannot guarantee enough precision in this case. Furthermore, absolute stability analysis based on extended circle criterion is investigated as a complement.

Full Text Available The objective of this work was to estimate the stability and adaptability of pod and seed yield in runner peanut genotypes based on the nonlinear regression and AMMI analysis. Yield data from 11 trials, distributed in six environments and three harvests, carried out in the Northeast region of Brazil during the rainy season were used. Significant effects of genotypes (G, environments (E, and GE interactions were detected in the analysis, indicating different behaviors among genotypes in favorable and unfavorable environmental conditions. The genotypes BRS Pérola Branca and LViPE‑06 are more stable and adapted to the semiarid environment, whereas LGoPE‑06 is a promising material for pod production, despite being highly dependent on favorable environments.

The asymptotic solution for the transient analysis of a general nonlinear system in the neighborhood of the stability boundary was obtained by using the multiple-time-scaling asymptotic-expansion method. The nonlinearities are assumed to be of algebraic nature. Terms of order epsilon to the 3rd power (where epsilon is the order of amplitude of the unknown) are included in the solution. The solution indicates that there is always a limit cycle which is stable (unstable) and exists above (below) the stability boundary if the nonlinear terms are stabilizing (destabilizing). Extension of the solution to include fifth order nonlinear terms is also presented. Comparisons with harmonic balance and with multiple-time-scaling solution of panel flutter equations are also included.

A methodology for shell stability research and determining buckling load, based on the mixed finite element method are proposed. Axisymmetric geometrically nonlinear shallow shells made of orthotropic material are considered. The results of numerical research of stability by changing the shape of shells, ratio of elastic modulus of the material and parameters of the support contour are presented.

We discuss in this paper a result concerning the stabilization problem of nonlinear systems under data-rate constraints using output feedback. To put the result in a broader context, we shall first review a number of recent contributions on the stabilization problem under data-rate constraints when

The periodic motion and stability for a class of two-degree-of freedom nonlinear oscillating systems are studied by using the method of Liapunov function.The sufficient conditions which guarantee the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic stability of the periodic solutions are obtained.

In this paper, global finite-time stabilization problem for a large class of nonlinear control systems is considered. An iterative design approach is given based on Lyapunov function. The finite time stabilizing control laws are constructed in the form of continuous but non-smooth time-invariant feedback.

The asymptotic stability of boundary controlled port-Hamiltonian systems defined on a 1D spatial domain interconnected to a class of non-linear boundary damping is addressed. It is shown that if the port-Hamiltonian system is approximately observable, then any boundary damping which behaves linear for small velocities asymptotically stabilizes the system.

In this paper, we study the problems on the existence, uniqueness and stability of almost periodic solution for a class of nonlinear system. Using fixed point theorem and Lyapunov functional, the sufficient conditions are given which guarantee the existence, uniqueness and stability of almost periodic solution for the system.

This book focuses on the nonlinear behaviour of thin-wall shells (single- and multilayered with delamination areas) under various uniform and non-uniform loadings. The dependence of critical (buckling) load upon load variability is revealed to be highly non-monotonous, showing minima when load variability is close to the eigenmode variabilities of solution branching points of the respective nonlinear boundary problem. A novel numerical approach is employed to analyze branching points and to build primary, secondary, and tertiary bifurcation paths of the nonlinear boundary problem for the case of uniform loading. The load levels of singular points belonging to the paths are considered to be critical load estimates for the case of non-uniform loadings.

This paper studies simultaneous stabilization of a class of nonlinear descriptor systems via the Hamiltonlan function method.Firstly,based on the Hamiltonian realization of the nonlinear descriptor systems and a suitable output feedback,two nonlinear descriptor systems are equivalently transformed into two nonlinear Hamiltonian differential-algebraic systems by a nonsingular transformation,and a sufficient condition for two closed-loop systems to be impulse-free is given.The two systems are then combined to generate an augmented dissipative Hamiltonian differential-algebraic system by using the system-augmentation technique,based on which a simultaneous stabilization controller and a robust simultaneous stabilization controller are designed for the two systems.Secondly,the case of more than two nonlinear descriptor systems is investigated,and two new results are proposed for the simultaneous stabilization and robust simultaneous stabilization,respectively.Finally,an illustrative example is studied by using the results proposed in this paper,and simulations show that the simultaneous stabilization controllers obtained in this paper work very well.

Full Text Available The model of the reactive sputtering process has been determined from the dynamic equilibrium of the reactive gas inside the chamber and the dynamic equilibrium of the sputtered metal atoms which form the compound with the reactive gas atoms on the surface of the substrate. The analytically obtained dynamical model is a system of nonlinear differential equations which can result in a histeresis-type input/output nonlinearity. The reactive sputtering process has been simulated by integrating these differential equations. Linearization has been applied for classical analysis of the sputtering process and control system design.

Full Text Available This paper investigates the linearization and stabilizing control design problems for a class of SISO Markovian jump nonlinear systems. According to the proposed relative degree set definition, the system can be transformed into the canonical form through the appropriate coordinate changes followed with the Markovian switchings; that is, the system can be full-state linearized in every jump mode with respect to the relative degree set n,…,n. Then, a stabilizing control is designed through applying the backstepping technique, which guarantees the asymptotic stability of Markovian jump nonlinear systems. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.

This paper considers the problem of stabilization of a class of nonlinear systems, which are possibly of non-minimum phase. A new feedback-equivalent canonical form, called diagonal normal form, of linear control systems is proposed. Using it, the corresponding normal form of affine nonlinear control systems is obtained. Based on this new normal form and the design technique of center manifold, a new constructing method for stabilizing control is presented. Certain examples are included to demonstrate the design strategy of stabilizers.

The stability and the Hopf bifurcation of a nonlinear electromechanical coupling system with time delay feedback are studied. By considering the energy in the air-gap field of the AC motor, the dynamical equation of the electromechanical coupling transmission system is deduced and a time delay feedback is introduced to control the dynamic behaviors of the system. The characteristic roots and the stable regions of time delay are determined by the direct method, and the relationship between the feedback gain and the length summation of stable regions is analyzed. Choosing the time delay as a bifurcation parameter, we find that the Hopf bifurcation occurs when the time delay passes through a critical value. A formula for determining the direction of the Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions is given by using the normal form method and the center manifold theorem. Numerical simulations are also performed, which confirm the analytical results. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61104040), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. E2012203090), and the University Innovation Team of Hebei Province Leading Talent Cultivation Project, China (Grant No. LJRC013).

This paper considers a method of lines stability analysis for finite difference discretizations of a recently published Boussinesq method for the study of highly nonlinear and extremely dispersive water waves. The analysis demonstrates the near-equivalence of classical linear Fourier (von Neumann......) techniques with matrix-based methods for formulations in both one and two horizontal dimensions. The matrix-based method is also extended to show the local de-stabilizing effects of the nonlinear terms, as well as the stabilizing effects of numerical dissipation. A comparison of the relative stability...... moderately non-normal, suggesting that the eigenvalues are likely suitable for analysis purposes. Numerical experiments demonstrate excellent agreement with the linear analysis, and good qualitative agreement with the local nonlinear analysis. The various methods of analysis combine to provide significant...

This paper is a detailed and self-contained study of the stability properties of periodic traveling wave solutions of the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation utt-uxx+V‧(u)=0, where u is a scalar-valued function of x and t, and the potential V(u) is of class C2 and periodic. Stability is considered both from the point of view of spectral analysis of the linearized problem (spectral stability analysis) and from the point of view of wave modulation theory (the strongly nonlinear theory due to Whitham as well as the weakly nonlinear theory of wave packets). The aim is to develop and present new spectral stability results for periodic traveling waves, and to make a solid connection between these results and predictions of the (formal) modulation theory, which has been developed by others but which we review for completeness.

Linear stability of both sign-definite (positive) and sign-indefinite solitary waves near pitchfork bifurcations is analyzed for the generalized nonlinear Schroedinger equations with arbitrary forms of nonlinearity and external potentials in arbitrary spatial dimensions. Bifurcations of linear-stability eigenvalues associated with pitchfork bifurcations are analytically calculated. It is shown that the smooth solution branch switches stability at the bifurcation point. In addition, the two bifurcated solution branches and the smooth branch have the opposite (same) stability when their power slopes have the same (opposite) sign. One unusual feature on the stability of these pitchfork bifurcations is that the smooth and bifurcated solution branches can be both stable or both unstable, which contrasts such bifurcations in finite-dimensional dynamical systems where the smooth and bifurcated branches generally have opposite stability. For the special case of positive solitary waves, stronger and more explicit stab...

An outstanding notion for collisionless plasmas is the essential nonlinear character of their coherent structures, which in the stationary, weak amplitude limit are described by a continuum of cnoidal electron and ion hole modes governed by a multiparametric nonlinear dispersion relation. The well-known discrete structure of undamped linear plasma modes is seamlessly embedded in this nonlinear continuum as the microscopic texture of plasma begins to reveal itself in the high temperature collisionless plasma limit. This transforms the linear-threshold-based operating mechanism of plasma turbulence into a fundamental nonlinear, multifaceted one. Based on a comprehensive three-level description of increasing profundity, a proof of this novel dictum is presented, which makes use of the joint properties of such structures, their coherency and stationarity, and uses in succession a fluid, linear Vlasov and a full Vlasov description. It unifies discrete and continuum limits by resolving the inevitable resonant region and shows that coherent electrostatic equilibria are generally controlled by kinetic particle trapping and are hence fundamentally nonlinear. By forging a link between damped and growing wave solutions, these modes render plasma stability complex and difficult to evaluate due to the entangled pattern of the stability boundary in function and parameter space, respectively. A direct consequence is the existence of negative energy modes of arbitrarily small amplitudes in the subcritical region of the two-stream instability as well as the failure of linear Landau (Vlasov, van Kampen) theory, whenever resonant particles are involved, in addressing the onset of instability in a current-carrying plasma. Responsible for this subtle phase space behavior is hence the thresholdless omnipresence of the trapping nonlinearity originating from coherency. A high resolution, exact-mass-ratio, multispecies, and collisionless plasma simulation is employed to illustrate

A new algorithm of trust region type is presented to minimize a differentiable function ofmany variables with nonlinear equality and linear inequality constraints. Under the milder conditions, theglobal convergence of the main algorithm is proved. Moreover, since any nonlinear inequality constraint can beconverted into an equation by introducing a slack variable, the trust region method can be used in solving general nonlinear programming problems.

In this article, an innovation diffusion model with the nonlinear acceptance is proposed to describe the dynamics of three competing products in a market. It is proved that the model admits a unique positive equilibrium, which is globally stable by excluding the existence of periodic solutions and by using the theory of three dimensional competition systems.

It is known that the one-dimensional nonlinear heat equation ut = f(u)x1x1,f'(u) 0,u(±∞,t) = u±,u+ = u_ has a unique self-similar solution u(x1/1+t).In multi-dimensional space,u(x1/1+t) is called a planar diffusion wave.In the first part of the present paper,it is shown that under some smallness conditions,such a planar diffusion wave is nonlinearly stable for the nonlinear heat equation:ut-△f(u) = 0,x ∈ Rn.The optimal time decay rate is obtained.In the second part of this paper,it is further shown that this planar diffusion wave is still nonlinearly stable for the quasilinear wave equation with damping:utt + utt+ △f(u) = 0,x ∈ Rn.The time decay rate is also obtained.The proofs are given by an elementary energy method.

In this paper,a nonlinear neutral differential equation is considered.By a fixed point theory,we give some conditions to ensure that the zero solution to the equation is asymptotically stable.Some existing results are improved and generalized.

. Based on the theory of differential inclusions, a Lyapunov stability theorem is brought forward. These results are also extended to autonomous switched systems subject to polytopic uncertainty. Furthermore, the proposed stability theorems are reformulated using the sum of squares decomposition method...... which provides sufficient means to construct the corresponding Lyapunov functions via available semi-definite programming techniques....

Breather modes of the mKdV equation on the real line are known to be elastic under collisions with other breathers and solitons. This fact indicates very strong stability properties of breathers. In this communication we describe a rigorous, mathematical proof of the stability of breathers under...

The paper concerns the study of tilt stability of local minimizers in standard problems of nonlinear programming. This notion plays an important role in both theoretical and numerical aspects of optimization and has drawn a lot of attention in optimization theory and its applications, especially in recent years. Under the classical Mangasarian–Fromovitz Constraint Qualification, we establish relationships between tilt stability and some other stability notions in constrained optimization. I...

In this paper, the partial stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear continuous control systems with separated variables is investigated. Several stabilizing controllers are constructed based on the partial stability theory of Lyapunov and the property of M-matrix, and some of these stabilizing controllers are only related to partial state variables. The controllers constructed here are shown to guarantee partial asymptotic stability of the closed-loop systems and these sufficient conditions may give some instructions to actual engineering application. A example is also given to illustrate the design method.

Mechanical systems may experience undesirable and unexpected behavior and instability due to the effects of nonlinearity of the systems. Many kinds of control methods to decrease or eliminate the effects have been studied. In particular, bifurcation control to stabilize or utilize nonlinear phenomena is currently an active topic in the field of nonlinear dynamics. This article presents some types of bifurcation control methods with the aim of realizing vibration control and motion control for mechanical systems. It is also indicated through every control method that slowly varying components in the dynamics play important roles for the control and the utilizations of nonlinear phenomena. In the first part, we deal with stabilization control methods for nonlinear resonance which is the 1/3-order subharmonic resonance in a nonlinear spring-mass-damper system and the self-excited oscillation (hunting motion) in a railway vehicle wheelset. The second part deals with positive utilizations of nonlinear phenomena by the generation and the modification of bifurcation phenomena. We propose the amplitude control method of the cantilever probe of an atomic force microscope (AFM) by increasing the nonlinearity in the system. Also, the motion control of a two link underactuated manipulator with a free link and an active link is considered by actuating the bifurcations produced under high-frequency excitation. This article is a discussion on the bifurcation control methods presented by the author and co-researchers by focusing on the actuation of the slowly varying components included in the original dynamics.

Preservation of stability in the presence of structural and/or parametric changes is an important issue in the study of dynamical systems. A specific case is the synchronization of chaos in complex networks where synchronization should be preserved in spite of changes in the network parameters and connectivity. In this work, a methodology to establish conditions for preservation of stability in a class of dynamical system is given in terms of Lyapunov methods. The idea is to construct a group of dynamical transformations under which stability is retained along certain manifolds. Some synchronization examples illustrate the results.

0 is infinite. Thus it is not sufficient that our composite control be only a stabilizing control . To qualify as a candidate for near-optimality uc...completes the proof. 8. Near Optimality The question can now be posed whether uc, being a stabilizing control which produces a bounded cost, is also...procedure when jjc is a small but unknown parameter. For u to be a meaningful feedback control of the system (2.1), it c must first of all be a stabilizing

Consider a rigid-flexible coupled system which consists of a central rigid body deploying a flexible appendage,The appendage is modeled as a finite deflection beam having linear constitutive equations.By taking the energy integral as Lyapunov function,it is proved that nonlinear transverse vibrations of the beam undergoing uniform extension or retrieval are stable when there are not controlling moment in the central rigid body and driving force on the beam,according to the partial stablity theorem.

Some plant in control system has nonlinear dynamic, so it is not easy to do in analysis to see its behavior using eigenstructure assignment. From many observations which have been made, some literature give methods to design nonlinear control system. The modern control theory uses state-space method to explain the behaviour on stability of a plant. To improve the stability of the closed-loop system, designer commonly use the state feedback control law. For the case inverted pendulum plant with the nonlinear dynamics, its need to perform the nonlinear control law with the concepts of modern control theory to satisfy the closed-loop system characteristic, and all the behaviour of the closed-loop system only determined from the given linear pole specifications.

The authors present a result on the robust stabilization of a class of nonlinear systems exhibiting parametric uncertainty. They consider feedback linearizable nonlinear systems with a vector of unknown constant parameters perturbed about a known value. A Taylor series of the system about the nominal parameter vector coupled with a feedback linearizing control law yields a linear system plus nonlinear perturbations. Via a structure matching condition, a variable structure control law is shown to exponentially stabilize the full system. The novelty of the result is that the linearizing coordinates are completely known since they are defined about the nominal parameter vector, and fewer restrictions are imposed on the nonlinear perturbations than elsewhere in the literature.

Due to the smallness of the volumes associated with the flux surfaces around the O-point of a magnetic island, the electron cyclotron power density applied inside the island for the stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) can exceed the threshold for non-linear effects as derived previously by Harvey et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (1989) 426. We study the non-linear electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) efficiency through bounce-averaged, quasi-linear Fokker-Planck calculations in the magnetic geometry as created by the islands. The calculations are performed for the parameters of a typical NTM stabilization experiment on ASDEX Upgrade. A particular feature of these experiments is that the rays of the EC wave beam propagate tangential to the flux surfaces in the power deposition region. The calculations show significant non-linear effects on the ECCD efficiency, when the ECCD power is increased from its experimental value of 1 MW to a larger value of 4 MW. The nonlinear effects are largest in case of...

This paper studies the extension of LaSalle's invariance principle for switched nonlinear systems. Unlike most existing results in which each switching mode in the system needs to be asymptotically stable, this paper allows the switching modes to be only stable. Under certain ergodicity assumptions of the switching signals, two extensions of LaSalle's invariance principle for global asymptotic stability of switched nonlinear systems are obtained using the method of common joint Lyapunov function.

In this study, in the presence of supersonic aerodynamic loading, the nonlinear and chaotic vibrations and stability of a simply supported Functionally Graded Piezoelectric (FGP) rectangular plate with bonded piezoelectric layer have been investigated. It is assumed that the plate is simultaneously exposed to the effects of harmonic uniaxial in-plane force and transverse piezoelectric excitations and aerodynamic loading. It is considered that the potential distribution varies linearly through the piezoelectric layer thickness, and the aerodynamic load is modeled by the first order piston theory. The von-Karman nonlinear strain-displacement relations are used to consider the geometrical nonlinearity. Based on the Classical Plate Theory (CPT) and applying the Hamilton's principle, the nonlinear coupled partial differential equations of motion are derived. The Galerkin's procedure is used to reduce the equations of motion to nonlinear ordinary differential Mathieu equations. The validity of the formulation for analyzing the Limit Cycle Oscillation (LCO), aero-elastic stability boundaries is accomplished by comparing the results with those of the literature, and the convergence study of the FGP plate is performed. By applying the Multiple Scales Method, the case of 1:2 internal resonance and primary parametric resonance are taken into account and the corresponding averaged equations are derived and analyzed numerically. The results are provided to investigate the effects of the forcing/piezoelectric detuning parameter, amplitude of forcing/piezoelectric excitation and dynamic pressure, on the nonlinear dynamics and chaotic behavior of the FGP plate. It is revealed that under the certain conditions, due to the existence of bi-stable region of non-trivial solutions, system shows the hysteretic behavior. Moreover, in absence of airflow, it is observed that variation of control parameters leads to the multi periodic and chaotic motions.

The nonlinear Schrödinger equation which governs the dynamics of two-dimensional spatial solitons in Kerr media with periodically varying diffraction and nonlinearity has been analyzed in this paper using variational approach and numerical studies. Analytical expressions for soliton parameters have been derived using variational analysis. Variational equations and partial differential equation have been simulated numerically. Analytical and numerical studies have shown that nonlinearity management and diffraction management stabilize the pulse against decay or collapse providing undisturbed propagation even for larger energies of the incident beam.

The paper develops exponential stability of the analytic solution and convergence in probability of the numerical method for highly nonlinear hybrid stochastic pantograph equation. The classical linear growth condition is replaced by polynomial growth conditions, under which there exists a unique global solution and the solution is almost surely exponen-tially stable. On the basis of a series of lemmas, the paper establishes a new criterion on convergence in probability of the Euler-Maruyama approximate solution. The criterion is very general so that many highly nonlinear stochastic pantograph equations can obey these conditions. A highly nonlinear example is provided to illustrate the main theory.

The long-time asymptotics is analyzed for finite energy solutions of the 1D Schr\\"odinger equation coupled to a nonlinear oscillator; mathematically the system under study is a nonlinear Schr\\"odinger equation, whose nonlinear term includes a Dirac delta. The coupled system is invariant with respect to the phase rotation group U(1). This article, which extends the results of a previous one, provides a proof of asymptotic stability of solitary wave solutions in the case that the linearization contains a single discrete oscillatory mode satisfying a non-degeneracy assumption of the type known as the Fermi Golden Rule.

We characterize all geometric perturbations of an open set, for which the solution of a nonlinear elliptic PDE of p-Laplacian type with Dirichlet boundary condition is stable in the L-norm. The necessary and sufficient conditions are jointly expressed by a geometric property associated to the γ-convergence. If the dimension N of the space satisfies N-1

In this paper, the dynamic behavior analysis of the electromechanical coupling characteristics of a flywheel energy storage system (FESS) with a permanent magnet (PM) brushless direct-current (DC) motor (BLDCM) is studied. The Hopf bifurcation theory and nonlinear methods are used to investigate the generation process and mechanism of the coupled dynamic behavior for the average current controlled FESS in the charging mode. First, the universal nonlinear dynamic model of the FESS based on the BLDCM is derived. Then, for a 0.01 kWh/1.6 kW FESS platform in the Key Laboratory of the Smart Grid at Tianjin University, the phase trajectory of the FESS from a stable state towards chaos is presented using numerical and stroboscopic methods, and all dynamic behaviors of the system in this process are captured. The characteristics of the low-frequency oscillation and the mechanism of the Hopf bifurcation are investigated based on the Routh stability criterion and nonlinear dynamic theory. It is shown that the Hopf bifurcation is directly due to the loss of control over the inductor current, which is caused by the system control parameters exceeding certain ranges. This coupling nonlinear process of the FESS affects the stability of the motor running and the efficiency of energy transfer. In this paper, we investigate into the effects of control parameter change on the stability and the stabilityregions of these parameters based on the averaged-model approach. Furthermore, the effect of the quantization error in the digital control system is considered to modify the stabilityregions of the control parameters. Finally, these theoretical results are verified through platform experiments.

Full Text Available The main goal of this work is to study the stability properties of an aircraft with nonlinear behavior, controlled using a gain scheduled approach. An output feedback is proposed which is able to guarantee asymptotical stability of the task-coordinates origin and safety of the operation in the entire flight envelope. The results are derived using theory of hybrid and singular perturbed systems. It is demonstrated that both body velocity and orientation asymptotic tracking can be obtained in spite of nonlinearities and uncertainty. The results are illustrated using numerical simulations in F16 jet.

In this paper, we propose a new approach to analyse the stability of a general family of nonlinear positive discrete time-delay systems. First, we introduce a new class of nonlinear positive discrete time-delay systems, which generalises some existing discrete time-delay systems. Second, through a new technique that relies on the comparison and mathematical induction method, we establish explicit criteria for stability and instability of the systems. Three numerical examples are given to illustrate the feasibility of the obtained results.

The problem of robust stability of a class of uncertain nonlinear dynamical systems with time-delay is considered. Based on the assumption that the nominal system is stable, some sufficient conditions onrobust stability of uncertain nonlinear dynamical systems with time-delay are derived. Some analytical methods and a type of Lyapunov functional are used to investigate such sufficient conditions. The results obtained in this paper are applicable to perturbed time-delay systems with unbounded time-varying delay.Some previous results are improved and a numerical example is given to demonstrate the validity of our results.

A nonlinear model predictive control problem based on pseudo-linear neural network (PNN) is discussed, in which the second order on-line optimization method is adopted. The recursive computation of Jacobian matrix is investigated. The stability of the closed loop model predictive control system is analyzed based on Lyapunov theory to obtain the sufficient condition for the asymptotical stability of the neural predictive control system. A simulation was carried out for an exothermic first-order reaction in a continuous stirred tank reactor. It is demonstrated that the proposed control strategy is applicable to some of nonlinear systems.

A food chain made up of two typical algae and a zooplankton was considered. Based on ecological eutrophication, interaction of the algal and the prey of the zooplankton, a nutrient nonlinear dynamic system was constructed. Using the methods of the modern nonlinear dynamics, the bifurcation behaviors and stability of the model equations by changing the control parameter r were discussed. The value of r for bifurcation point was calculated, and the stability of the limit cycle was also discussed. The result shows that through quasi-periodicity bifurcation the system is lost in chaos.

This paper investigates the problem of global finite-time stabilization in probability for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems. The drift and diffusion terms satisfy lower-triangular or upper-triangular homogeneous growth conditions. By adding one power integrator technique, an output feedback controller is first designed for the nominal system without perturbing nonlinearities. Based on homogeneous domination approach and stochastic finite-time stability theorem, it is proved that the solution of the closed-loop system will converge to the origin in finite time and stay at the origin thereafter with probability one. Two simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design procedure.

The nonlinear dynamical behaviors of artificial neural network (ANN) and their application to science and engineering were summarized. The mechanism of two kinds of dynamical processes, i.e. weight dynamics and activation dynamics in neural networks, and the stability of computing in structural analysis and design were stated briefly. It was successfully applied to nonlinear neural network to evaluate the stability of underground stope structure in a gold mine. With the application of BP network, it is proven that the neuro-computing is a practical and advanced tool for solving large-scale underground rock engineering problems.

In this paper we deal with a class of uncertain time-varying nonlinear systems with a state delay. Under some assumptions, we construct some stabilizing continuous feedback, i.e. linear and nonlinear in the state, which can guarantee global uniform exponential stability and global uniform practical convergence of the considered system. The quadratic Lyapunov function for the nominal stable system is used as a Lyapunov candidate function for the global system. The results developed in this note are applicable to a class of dynamical systems with uncertain time-delay. Our result is illustrated by a numerical example.

The problems of robust stability and robust stability with a guaranteeing cost for discrete time-delay systems with nonlinear perturbation are discussed. A sufficient criterion for robust stability is established in an LMI framework and a linear convex optimization problem with LMI constraints for computing maximal perturbation bound is proposed. Meanwhile, a sufficient criterion for robust stability with a guaranteeing cost for such systems is obtained, and an optimal procedure for decreasing the value of guaranteeing cost is put forward. Two examples are used to illustrate the efficiency of the results.

In this paper we study the noise stability of iterative algorithms developed for attenuation correction in Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy using FT methods. In each iteration the convolution of the previous estimate is computed. It turns out that the estimators are robust to noise perturbation.

In this paper we study the noise stability of iterative algorithms developed for attenuation correction in Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy using FT methods. In each iteration the convolution of the previous estimate is computed. It turns out that the estimators are robust to noise perturbation.

Full Text Available The traditional analysis of unemployment in relation to real output dynamics is based on some empirical evidences deducted from Okun’s studies. In particular the so called Okun’s Law is expressed in a linear mathematical formulation, which cannot explain the fluctuation of the variables involved. Linearity is an heavy limit for macroeconomic analysis and especially for every economic growth study which would consider the unemployment rate among the endogenous variables. This paper deals with an introductive study about the role of non-linearity in the investigation of unemployment dynamics. The main idea is the existence of a non-linear relation between the unemployment rate and the gap of GDP growth rate from its trend. The macroeconomic motivation of this idea moves from the consideration of two concatenate effects caused by a variation of the unemployment rate on the real output growth rate. These two effects are concatenate because there is a first effect that generates a secondary one on the same variable. When the unemployment rate changes, the first effect is the variation in the level of production in consequence of the variation in the level of such an important factor as labour force; the secondary effect is a consecutive variation in the level of production caused by the variation in the aggregate demand in consequence of the change of the individual disposal income originated by the previous variation of production itself. In this paper the analysis of unemployment dynamics is carried out by the use of the logistic map and the conditions for the existence of bifurcations (cycles are determined. The study also allows to find the range of variability of some characteristic parameters that might be avoided for not having an absolute unpredictability of unemployment dynamics (deterministic chaos: unpredictability is equivalent to uncontrollability because of the total absence of information about the future value of the variable to

Full Text Available A convex condition in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs is developed for the synthesis of stabilizing fuzzy state feedback controllers for nonlinear discrete-time systems with time-varying delays. A Takagi-Sugeno (T-S fuzzy model is used to represent exactly the nonlinear system in a restricted domain of the state space, called region of validity. The proposed stabilization condition is based on a Lyapunov-Krasovskii (L-K function and it takes into account the region of validity to determine a set of initial conditions for which the actual closed-loop system trajectories are asymptotically stable and do not evolve outside the region of validity. This set of allowable initial conditions is determined from the level set associated to a fuzzy L-K function as a Cartesian product of two subsets: one characterizing the set of states at the initial instant and another for the delayed state sequence necessary to characterize the initial conditions. Finally, we propose a convex programming problem to design a fuzzy controller that maximizes the set of initial conditions taking into account the shape of the region of validity of the T-S fuzzy model. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate this proposal.

Stability of a class of nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainty is dealt with. This kind of systems can be viewed as feedback interconnection systems. By constructing the Lyapunov function for one of the feedback interconnection systems, the Lyapunov function for this kind of systems is obtained. Sufficient conditions of global asymptotic stability for this class of systems axe deduced. The simulation shows the effectiveness of the method.

Lyapunov's second method was used to study the nonlinearstability of parallel shear flows for stress-free boundaries. By introducing an energy functional, it was shown that the plane Couette and plane Poiseuille flows are conditionally and asymptotically stable for all Reynolds numbers. In particular, to two-dimensional perturbations, by defining new energy functionals the unconditional stability of the basic flows was proved.

The problem of adaptive stabilization for a class of systems with nonlinear delayed state perturbations is considered. The bound of the perturbations is assumed to be unknown, by using the adaptive control method, an adaptive controller is designed. Based on the Lyapunov- Karasovskii functional, it is shown that the dynamical system can be stabilized by the adaptive controller. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is demonstrated by some simulations.

The paper deals with the L2-stability analysis of multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems, governed by integral equations, with a matrix of periodic/aperiodic time-varying gains and a vector of monotone, non-monotone and quasi-monotone nonlin-earities. For nonlinear MIMO systems that are described by differential equations, most of the literature on stability is based on an application of quadratic forms as Lyapunov-function candidates. In contrast, a non-Lyapunov framework is employed here to derive new and more general L2-stability conditions in the frequency domain. These conditions have the following features:i) They are expressed in terms of the positive definiteness of the real part of matrices involving the transfer function of the linear time-invariant block and a matrix multiplier function that incorporates the minimax properties of the time-varying linear/nonlinear block. ii) For certain cases of the periodic time-varying gain, they contain, depending on the multiplier function chosen, no restrictions on the normalized rate of variation of the time-varying gain, but, for other periodic/aperiodic time-varying gains, they do. Overall, even when specialized to periodic-coefficient linear and nonlinear MIMO systems, the stability conditions are distinct from and less restrictive than recent results in the literature. No comparable results exist in the literature for aperiodic time-varying gains. Furthermore, some new stability results concerning the dwell-time problem and time-varying gain switching in linear and nonlinear MIMO systems with periodic/aperiodic matrix gains are also presented. Examples are given to illustrate a few of the stability theorems.

Actual slope stability problems have three-dimensional (3D) characteristics and the soils of slopes have curved failure envelopes. This incorporates a power-law nonlinear failure criterion into the kinematic approach of limit analysis to conduct the evaluation of the stability of 3D slopes. A tangential technique is adopted to simplify the nonlinear failure criterion in the form of equivalent Mohr-Coulomb strength parameters. A class of 3D admissible rotational failure mechanisms is selected for soil slopes including three types of failure mechanisms: face failure, base failure, and toe failure. The upper-bound solutions and corresponding critical slip surfaces can be obtained by an efficient optimization method. The results indicate that the nonlinear parameters have significant influences on the assessment of slope stability, especially on the type of failure mechanism. The effects of nonlinear parameters appear to be pronounced for gentle slopes constrained to a narrow width. Compared with the solutions derived from plane-strain analysis, the 3D solutions are more sensitive to the values of nonlinear parameters.

Full Text Available VFAs (very flexible aircraft have begun to attract significant attention because of their good flight performances and significant application potentials; however, they also bring some challenges to researchers due to their unusual lightweight designs and large elastic deformations. A framework for the geometrically nonlinear aeroelastic stability analysis of very flexible wings is constructed in this paper to illustrate the unique aeroelastic characteristics and convenient use of these designs in engineering analysis. The nonlinear aeroelastic analysis model includes the geometrically nonlinear structure finite elements and steady and unsteady nonplanar aerodynamic computations (i.e., the nonplanar vortex lattice method and nonplanar doublet-lattice method. Fully nonlinear methods are used to analyse static aeroelastic features, and linearized structural dynamic equations are established at the structural nonlinear equilibrium state to estimate the stability of the system through the quasimode of the stressed and deformed structure. The exact flutter boundary is searched via an iterative procedure. A wind tunnel test is conducted to validate this theoretical analysis framework, and reasonable agreement is obtained. Both the analysis and test results indicate that the geometric nonlinearity of very flexible wings presents significantly different aeroelastic characteristics under different load cases with large deformations.

This paper, is concerned with the nonlinear dynamics and stability of thin circular cylindrical shells clamped at both ends and subjected to axial fluid flow. In particular, it describes the development of a nonlinear theoretical model and presents theoretical results displaying the nonlinear behaviour of the clamped shell subjected to flowing fluid. The theoretical model employs the Donnell nonlinear shallow shell equations to describe the geometrically nonlinear structure. The clamped beam eigenfunctions are used to describe the axial variations of the shell deformation, automatically satisfying the boundary conditions and the circumferential continuity condition exactly. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible and inviscid, and the fluid-structure interaction is described by linear potential flow theory. The partial differential equation of motion is discretized using the Galerkin method and the final set of ordinary differential equations are integrated numerically using a pseudo-arclength continuation and collocation techniques and the Gear backward differentiation formula. A theoretical model for shells with simply supported ends is presented as well. Experiments are also described for (i) elastomer shells subjected to annular (external) air-flow and (ii) aluminium and plastic shells with internal water flow. The experimental results along with the theoretical ones indicate loss of stability by divergence with a subcritical nonlinear behaviour. Finally, theory and experiments are compared, showing good qualitative and reasonable quantitative agreement.

, and many of them were addressed at the conference: The withdrawal of international military forces, the Taliban, India/Pakistan relations, the need for regionalism, China’s role, EU and ASEAN as models for inspiration and regional perspectives from Iran and Afghanistan were all part of the talks...

In this paper we consider the spectral and nonlinearstability of periodic traveling wave solutions of a generalized Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. In particular, we resolve the long-standing question of nonlinear modulational stability by demonstrating that spectrally stable waves are nonlinearly stable when subject to small localized (integrable) perturbations. Our analysis is based upon detailed estimates of the linearized solution operator, which are complicated by the fact that the (necessarily essential) spectrum of the associated linearization intersects the imaginary axis at the origin. We carry out a numerical Evans function study of the spectral problem and find bands of spectrally stable periodic traveling waves, in close agreement with previous numerical studies of Frisch-She-Thual, Bar-Nepomnyashchy, Chang-Demekhin-Kopelevich, and others carried out by other techniques. We also compare predictions of the associated Whitham modulation equations, which formally describe the dynamics of weak large s...

Full Text Available For nonlinear discrete-time stochastic systems, a fuzzy controller design methodology is developed in this paper subject to state variance constraint and passivity constraint. According to fuzzy model based control technique, the nonlinear discrete-time stochastic systems considered in this paper are represented by the discrete-time Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models with multiplicative noise. Employing Lyapunov stability theory, upper bound covariance control theory, and passivity theory, some sufficient conditions are derived to find parallel distributed compensation based fuzzy controllers. In order to solve these sufficient conditions, an iterative linear matrix inequality algorithm is applied based on the linear matrix inequality technique. Finally, the fuzzy stabilization problem for nonlinear discrete ship steering stochastic systems is investigated in the numerical example to illustrate the feasibility and validity of proposed fuzzy controller design method.

Energy-shaping techniques have been successfully used for stabilization of nonlinear finite dimensional systems for 20 years now. In particular, for systems described by Port-Controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) models, the “control by interconnection” method provides a simple and elegant procedure for stab

The quasi-one-dimensional rhombic array of the waveguides is considered. In the nonlinear case the system of equations describing coupled waves in the waveguides has the solutions that represent the superposition of the flat band modes. The property of stability of these solutions is considered. It was found that the flat band solution is unstable until the power threshold be attained.

Energy-shaping techniques have been successfully used for stabilization of nonlinear finite dimensional systems for 20 years now. In particular, for systems described by Port-Controlled Hamiltonian (PCH) models, the "control by interconnection" method provides a simple and elegant procedure for stab

Full Text Available Sufficient conditions are obtained for the uniform stability and global attractivity of the zero solution of nonlinear scalar delay impulsive difference equation, which extend and improve the known results in the literature. An example is also worked out to verify that the global attractivity condition is a sharp condition.

This paper considers a method of lines stability analysis for finite difference discretizations of a recently published Boussinesq method for the study of highly nonlinear and extremely dispersive water waves. The analysis demonstrates the near-equivalence of classical linear Fourier (von Neumann...

We consider the problem of designing encoders, decoders and controllers which stabilize feedforward nonlinear systems over a communication network with finite bandwidth and large delay. The control scheme guarantees minimal data-rate semi-global asymptotic and local exponential stabilizatioln of the

This paper presents a nonlinear observer for estimating parameters associated with the restoring term of a roll motion model of a marine vessel in longitudinal waves. Changes in restoring, also referred to as transverse stability, can be the result of changes in the vessel’s centre of gravity due...

The asymptotic stability of boundary controlled port-Hamiltonian systems defined on a 1D spatial domain interconnected to a class of non-linear boundary damping is addressed. It is shown that if the port-Hamiltonian system is approximately observable, then any boundary damping which behaves linear

We prove the existence of a smooth curve of periodic traveling wave solutions for the Zakharov system. We also show that this type of solutions are nonlinear stable by the periodic flow generated for the system mentioned before. An improvement of the work of Ya Ping is made, we prove the stability of the solitary wave solutions associated to the Zakharov system.

A type of complex systems under both random influence and memory effects is considered.The systems are modeled by a class of nonlinear stochastic delay-integrodifferential equations.A delay-dependent stability criterion for such equations is derived under the condition that the time lags are small enough.Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the theoretical result.

We show that nuclei lying at the edge of stability can behave as nonlinear quantum amplifiers. A tiny change in the nucleon-nucleon interaction can trigger a much bigger change in the binding energy of these systems, relative to the few-cluster breakup threshold.

Full Text Available We obtain sufficient conditions for oscillation of solutions, and for asymptotical stability of the positive equilibrium, of the scalar nonlinear delay differential equation $$ frac{dN}{dt} = r(tN(tBig[a-Big(sum_{k=1}^m b_k N(g_k(tBig^{gamma}Big], $$ where $ g_k(tleq t$.

We report results of the analysis for families of one-dimensional (1D) trapped solitons, created by competing self-focusing (SF) quintic and self-defocusing (SDF) cubic nonlinear terms. Two trapping potentials are considered, the harmonic-oscillator (HO) and delta-functional ones. The models apply to optical solitons in colloidal waveguides and other photonic media, and to matter-wave solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) loaded into a quasi-1D trap. For the HO potential, the results are obtained in an approximate form, using the variational and Thomas-Fermi approximations (VA and TFA), and in a full numerical form, including the ground state and the first antisymmetric excited one. For the delta-functional attractive potential, the results are produced in a fully analytical form, and verified by means of numerical methods. Both exponentially localized solitons and weakly localized trapped modes are found for the delta-functional potential. The most essential conclusions concern the applicability of com...

An annular billiard is a dynamical system in which a particle moves freely in a disk except for elastic collisions with the boundary and also a circular scatterer in the interior of the disk. We investigate the stability properties of some periodic orbits in annular billiards in which the scatterer is touching or close to the boundary. We analytically show that there exist linearly stable periodic orbits of an arbitrary period for scatterers with decreasing radii that are located near the boundary of the disk. As the position of the scatterer moves away from a symmetry line of a periodic orbit, the stability of periodic orbits changes from elliptic to hyperbolic, corresponding to a saddle-center bifurcation. When the scatterer is tangent to the boundary, the periodic orbit is parabolic. We prove that slightly changing the reflection angle of the orbit in the tangential situation leads to the existence of Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser islands. Thus, we show that there exists a decreasing to zero sequence of open intervals of scatterer radii, along which the billiard table is not ergodic.

Full Text Available If two species exhibit different nonlinear responses to a single shared resource, and if each species modifies the resource dynamics such that this favors its competitor, they may stably coexist. This coexistence mechanism, known as relative nonlinearity of competition, is well understood theoretically, but less is known about its evolutionary properties and its prevalence in real communities. We address this challenge by using adaptive dynamics theory and individual-based simulations to compare community stabilization and evolutionary stability of species that coexist by relative nonlinearity. In our analysis, evolution operates on the species' density-compensation strategies, and we consider a trade-off between population growth rates at high and low resource availability. We confirm previous findings that, irrespective of the particular model of density dependence, there are many combinations of overcompensating and undercompensating density-compensation strategies that allow stable coexistence by relative nonlinearity. However, our analysis also shows that most of these strategy combinations are not evolutionarily stable and will be outcompeted by an intermediate density-compensation strategy. Only very specific trade-offs lead to evolutionarily stable coexistence by relative nonlinearity. As we find no reason why these particular trade-offs should be common in nature, we conclude that the sympatric evolution and evolutionary stability of relative nonlinearity, while possible in principle, seems rather unlikely. We speculate that this may, at least in part, explain why empirical demonstrations of this coexistence mechanism are rare, noting, however, that the difficulty to detect relative nonlinearity in the field is an equally likely explanation for the current lack of empirical observations, and that our results are limited to communities with non-overlapping generations and constant resource supply. Our study highlights the need for

If two species exhibit different nonlinear responses to a single shared resource, and if each species modifies the resource dynamics such that this favors its competitor, they may stably coexist. This coexistence mechanism, known as relative nonlinearity of competition, is well understood theoretically, but less is known about its evolutionary properties and its prevalence in real communities. We address this challenge by using adaptive dynamics theory and individual-based simulations to compare community stabilization and evolutionary stability of species that coexist by relative nonlinearity. In our analysis, evolution operates on the species' density-compensation strategies, and we consider a trade-off between population growth rates at high and low resource availability. We confirm previous findings that, irrespective of the particular model of density dependence, there are many combinations of overcompensating and undercompensating density-compensation strategies that allow stable coexistence by relative nonlinearity. However, our analysis also shows that most of these strategy combinations are not evolutionarily stable and will be outcompeted by an intermediate density-compensation strategy. Only very specific trade-offs lead to evolutionarily stable coexistence by relative nonlinearity. As we find no reason why these particular trade-offs should be common in nature, we conclude that the sympatric evolution and evolutionary stability of relative nonlinearity, while possible in principle, seems rather unlikely. We speculate that this may, at least in part, explain why empirical demonstrations of this coexistence mechanism are rare, noting, however, that the difficulty to detect relative nonlinearity in the field is an equally likely explanation for the current lack of empirical observations, and that our results are limited to communities with non-overlapping generations and constant resource supply. Our study highlights the need for combining ecological and

flap-wise loading has been compared with a linear response to determine the blade's resistance in the ultimate strength and stability limit states. The linear analysis revealed an unrealistic failure mechanism and failure mode. Further, it did not capture the highly non-linear response of the blade...... of an imperfection. The more realistic non-linear approaches yielded more optimistic results than the mandatory linear bifurcation analysis. Consequently, the investigated blade designed after the lesser requirements was sufficient. Using the non-linear approaches, considering inter-fibre failure as the critical...... failure mode, yielded still a significant safety margin for the designer (7–28%). The non-linear response was significantly dependent on the scaling of the imperfection. Eurocode's method of applying an imperfection appeared more realistic than the GL method. Since the considered blade withstood 135...

The global stabilization problem of the multiple-integrator system by bounded controls is considered.A nonlinear feedback law consisting of nested saturation functions is proposed.This type of nonlinear feedback law that is a modification and generalization of the result given in[1] needs only[(n+1)/2](n is the dimensions of the system)saturation elements,which is fewer than that which the other nonlinear laws need.Funhermore.the poles of the closedloop system Can be placed on any location on the left real axis when none of the saturafion elements in the control laws is saturated.This type of nonlinear control law exhibits a simpler structure and call significantly improve the transient performances of the closed-loop system,and is very superior to the other existing methods.Simulation on a fourth-order system is used to validate the proposed method.

Nonlinearstability of the motionless state of a heterogeneous fluid with constant temperature-gradient and concentration-gradient is studied for both cases of stress-free and rigid boundary conditions. By introducing new energy functionals we have shown that for τ = PC/PT _＜ 1, α = C/R ＞ 1 the motionless state is always stable and for τ＜ 1, α ＜ 1 the sufficient and necessary conditions for stability coincide, where PC, PT, C and R are the Schmidt number, Prandtl number,Rayleigh number for solute and heat, respectively. Moreover, the criteria guarantees the exponential stability.

Full Text Available This paper investigates the problem of robust exponential stability for linear parameter-dependent (LPD systems with discrete and distributed time-varying delays and nonlinear perturbations. Parameter dependent Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, Leibniz-Newton formula, and linear matrix inequality are proposed to analyze the stability. On the basis of the estimation and by utilizing free-weighting matrices, new delay-dependent exponential stability criteria are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and less conservativeness of the proposed methods.

The issue of exponential stability of a class of continuous-time switched nonlinear singular systems consisting of a family of stable and unstable subsystems with time-varying delay is considered in this paper. Based on the free-weighting matrix approach, the average dwell-time approach and by constructing a Lyapunov-like Krasovskii functional, delay-dependent sufficient conditions are derived and formulated to check the exponential stability of such systems in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). By checking the corresponding LMI conditions, the average dwell-time and switching signal conditions are obtained. This paper also highlights the relationship between the average dwell-time of the switched nonlinear singular time-delay system, its stability and the exponential convergence rate of differential and algebraic states. A numerical example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A new nonlinearstability criterion is developed by use of a class of Lyapunov functionals for model-reference adaptive systems (MRAS). Results are compared with traditional results, and a comparative design technique is used to illustrate its function in improving the transient response of an MRAS controller. For a particular system structure and class of input signals, the new stability criterion is shown to include traditional sufficiency stability conditions as a special case. An example is cited to illustrate the use of the nonlinear criterion and its definite advantages in helping improve the adaptive error transient response of a system. Analysis of results is effected by use of a linearization technique on the resulting adaptive equations.

Full Text Available The paper deals with the investigation of stability and nonlinear regimes of flow over the saturated porous medium applied to the problem of stability of water flow over the bottom covered with vegetation. It is shown that the velocity profile of steady plane-parallel flow has two inflection points, which results in instability of this flow. The neutral stability curves, the dependencies of critical Reynolds number and the wave number of most dangerous perturbations on the ratio of porous layer thickness to the total thickness are obtained. The nonlinear flow regimes are investigated numerically by finite difference method. It is found that at supercritical parameter values waves travelling in the direction of the base flow take place.

A steady solver and stability calculator is presented for the problem of nonlinear internal gravity waves forced by topography. Steady-state solutions are obtained using Newton's method, as applied to a finite-difference discretization in terrain-following coordinates. The iteration is initialized using a boundary-inflation scheme, in which the nonlinearity of the flow is gradually increased over the first few Newton steps. The resulting method is shown to be robust over the full range of nonhydrostatic and rotating parameter space. Examples are given for both nonhydrostatic and rotating flows, as well as flows with realistic upstream shear and static stability profiles. With a modest extension, the solver also allows for a linear stability analysis of the steady-state wave fields. Unstable modes are computed using a shifted-inverse method, combined with a parameter-space search over a set of realistic target values. An example is given showing resonant instability in a nonhydrostatic mountain wave.

A new nonlinearstability criterion is developed by use of a class of Lyapunov functionals for model-reference adaptive systems (MRAS). Results are compared with traditional results, and a comparative design technique is used to illustrate its function in improving the transient response of an MRAS controller. For a particular system structure and class of input signals, the new stability criterion is shown to include traditional sufficiency stability conditions as a special case. An example is cited to illustrate the use of the nonlinear criterion and its definite advantages in helping improve the adaptive error transient response of a system. Analysis of results is effected by use of a linearization technique on the resulting adaptive equations.

This paper presents a new nonlinear control methodology for slewing spacecraft, which provides both necessary and sufficient conditions for stability by identifying the stability boundaries, rigid body modes, and limit cycles. Conservative Hamiltonian system concepts, which are equivalent to static stability of airplanes, are used to find and deal with the static stability boundaries: rigid body modes. The application of exergy and entropy thermodynamic concepts to the work-rate principle provides a natural partitioning through the second law of thermodynamics of power flows into exergy generator, dissipator, and storage for Hamiltonian systems that is employed to find the dynamic stability boundaries: limit cycles. This partitioning process enables the control system designer to directly evaluate and enhance the stability and performance of the system by balancing the power flowing into versus the power dissipated within the system subject to the Hamiltonian surface (power storage). Relationships are developed between exergy, power flow, static and dynamic stability, and Lyapunov analysis. The methodology is demonstrated with two illustrative examples: (1) a nonlinear oscillator with sinusoidal damping and (2) a multi-input-multi-output three-axis slewing spacecraft that employs proportional-integral-derivative tracking control with numerical simulation results.

Linear feedback control has the ability to stabilize vortex shedding behind twin cylinders where cylinder rotation is the actuation mechanism. Complete elimination of the wake is only possible for certain Reynolds numbers and cylinder spacing. This is related to the presence of asymmetric unstable modes in the linearized system. We investigate this region of parameter space using a number of closed-loop simulations that bound this region. We then consider the practical issue of designing feedback controls based on limited state measurements by building a nonlinear compensator using linear robust control theory with and incorporating the nonlinear terms in the compensator (e.g., using the extended Kalman filter). Interpolatory model reduction methods are applied to the large discretized, linearized Navier-Stokes system and used for computing the control laws and compensators. Preliminary closed-loop simulations of a three-dimensional version of this problem will also be presented. Supported in part by the National Science Foundation.

This paper presents an experimental verification of a wideband nonlinear vibration energy harvester which has a globally stabilized high-energy resonating response. For the conventional linear vibration energy harvester, the maximum performance of the power generation and its bandwidth are in a relation of trade-off. The resonance frequency band can be expanded by introducing a Duffing-type nonlinear resonator in order to enable the harvester to generate larger electric power in a wider frequency range. However, since such nonlinear resonators often have multiple stable steady-state solutions in the resonance band, it is diﬃcult for the nonlinear harvester to maintain the high performance of the power generation constantly. The principle of self-excitation and entrainment has been utilized to provide the global stability to the highest-energy solution by destabilizing other unexpected lower-energy solutions by introducing a switching circuit of the load resistance between positive and the negative values depending on the response amplitude of the oscillator. In this study, an experimental verification of this concept are carried out. An experimental prototype harvester is designed and fabricated and the performance of the proposed harvester is experimentally verified. It has been shown that the numerical and experimental results agreed very well, and the highest-energy solutions above the threshold value were successfully stabilized globally.

Full Text Available A composite high-aspect-ratio wing of a high-altitude long-endurance (HALE aircraft was modeled with FEM by MSC/NASTRAN, and the nonlinear static equilibrium state is calculated under design load with follower force effect, but without load redistribution. Assuming the little vibration amplitude of the wing around the static equilibrium state, the system is linearized and the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the deformed structure are obtained. Planar doublet lattice method is used to calculate unsteady aerodynamics in frequency domain ignoring the bending effect of the deflected wing. And then, the aeroelastic stability analysis of the system under a given load condition is successively carried out. Comparing with the linear results, the nonlinear displacement of the wing tip is higher. The results indicate that the critical nonlinear flutter is of the flap/chordwise bending type because of the chordwise bending having quite a large torsion component, with low critical speed and slowly growing damping, which dose not appear in the linear analysis. Furthermore, it is shown that the variation of the nonlinear flutter speed depends on the scale of the load and on the chordwise bending frequency. The research work indicates that, for the very flexible HALE aircraft, the nonlinear aeroelastic stability is very important, and should be considered in the design progress. Using present FEM software as the structure solver (e.g. MSC/NASTRAN, and the unsteady aerodynamic code, the nonlinear aeroelastic stability margin of a complex system other than a simple beam model can be determined.

Full Text Available This paper considers a new class of additive neural networks where the neuron activations are modelled by discontinuous functions with nonlinear growth. By Leray-Schauder alternative theorem in differential inclusion theory, matrix theory, and generalized Lyapunov approach, a general result is derived which ensures the existence and global asymptotical stability of a unique periodic solution for such neural networks. The obtained results can be applied to neural networks with a broad range of activation functions assuming neither boundedness nor monotonicity, and also show that Forti's conjecture for discontinuous neural networks with nonlinear growth activations is true.

We present an adjoint-based method for the calculation of eigenvalue perturbations in nonlinear, degenerate and non self-adjoint eigenproblems. This method is applied to a thermo-acoustic annular combustor network, the stability of which is governed by a nonlinear eigenproblem. We calculate the first- and second-order sensitivities of the growth rate and frequency to geometric, flow and flame parameters. Three different configurations are analysed. The benchmark sensitivities are obtained by finite difference, which involves solving the nonlinear eigenproblem at least as many times as the number of parameters. By solving only one adjoint eigenproblem, we obtain the sensitivities to any thermo-acoustic parameter, which match the finite-difference solutions at much lower computational cost.

In this paper, we study the problem of output feedback stabilization for stochastic nonlinear systems. We consider a class of stochastic nonlinear systems in observer canonical form with stable zero-dynamics. We introduce a sequence of state transformations that transform the system into a lower triangular structure that is amenable for integrator backstepping design. Then we design the output-feedback controller and prove that the closed-loop system is bounded in probability. Furthermore, when the disturbance vector field vanishes at the origin, the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable in the large. With special care, the controller preserves the equilibrium of the nonlinear system. An example is included to illustrate the theoretical findings.

This paper addresses the specific stabilityregion for uncertain fuzzy descriptor systems with distinct derivative matrices in the rules. First, an equivalent poles' location criterion for the nominal descriptor system is originally derived and expressed as one compact form of strict and complex linear matrix inequality (LMI). Then, the result can be extended to cope with the specific stabilityregion for the uncertain fuzzy descriptor systems with integrating multiple derivative matrices. Moreover, since the presented criteria involve complex LMIs, we appropriately conduct a projection scheme, where current LMI tools cannot evaluate them. By deriving useful projection operators onto the formed convex sets, an analysing algorithm is consequently presented for numerical evaluation. Finally, three numerical examples, two nonlinear systems and a physical circuit system, are given to demonstrate the validity and the practicability of the proposed approach.

Based on nonlinear Mohr−Coulomb failure criterion, the analytical solutions of stability number and supporting force on twin shallow tunnels were derived using upper bound theorem of limit analysis. The optimized solutions were obtained by the technique of sequential quadratic programming. When nonlinear coefficient equals 1 and internal friction angle equals 0, the nonlinear Mohr−Coulomb failure criterion degenerates into linear failure criterion. The calculated results of stability number in this work were compared with previous results, and the agreement verifies the effectiveness of the present method. Under the condition of nonlinear Mohr−Coulomb failure criterion, the results show that the supporting force on twin shallow tunnels obviously increases when the nonlinear coefficient, burial depth, ground load or pore water pressure coefficients increase. When the clear distance is 0.5 to 1.0 times the diameter of tunnel, the supporting force of twin shallow tunnels reaches its maximum value, which means that the tunnels are the easiest to collapse. While the clear distance increases to 3.5 times the diameter of tunnel, the calculation for twin shallow tunnels can be carried out by the method for independent single shallow tunnel. Therefore, 3.5 times the diameter of tunnel serves as a critical value to determine whether twin shallow tunnels influence each other. In designing twin shallow tunnels, appropriate clear distance value must be selected according to its change rules and actual topographic conditions, meanwhile, the influences of nonlinear failure criterion of soil materials and pore water must be completely considered. During the excavation process, supporting system should be intensified at the positions of larger burial depth or ground load to avoid collapses.

Optical frequency comb (OFC) technology has been the cornerstone for scientific breakthroughs such as precision frequency metrology, redefinition of time, extreme light-matter interaction, and attosecond sciences. While the current mode-locked laser-based OFC has had great success in extending the scientific frontier, its use in real-world applications beyond the laboratory setting remains an unsolved challenge. Microresonator-based OFCs, or Kerr frequency comb, have recently emerged as a candidate solution to the challenge because of their preferable size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP). On the other hand, the current phase stabilization technology requires either external optical references or power-demanding nonlinear processes, overturning the SWaP benefit of Kerr frequency combs. Introducing a new concept in phase control, here we report an internally phase stabilized Kerr frequency comb without the need of any optical references or nonlinear processes. We describe the comb generation analytically ...

The conformal Einstein equations for a trace-free (radiation) perfect fluid are derived in terms of the Levi-Civita connection of a conformally rescaled metric. These equations are used to provide a non-linearstability result for de Sitter-like trace-free (radiation) perfect fluid Friedman-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker cosmological models. The solutions thus obtained exist globally towards the future and are future geodesically complete. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We study the Einstein-Euler system in General Relativity using conformal methods. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We analyze the structural properties of the associated evolution equations. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We establish the non-linearstability of pure radiation cosmological models.

Full Text Available This paper studies the exponential stability of a class of periodically time-switched nonlinear systems. Three cases of such systems which are composed, respectively, of a pair of unstable subsystems, of both stable and unstable subsystems, and of a pair of stable systems, are considered. For the first case, the proposed result shows that there exists periodically switching rule guaranteeing the exponential stability of the whole system with (sufficient small switching period if there is a Hurwitz linear convex combination of two uncertain linear systems derived from two subsystems by certain linearization. For the second case, we present two general switching criteria by means of multiple and single Lyapunov function, respectively. We also investigate the stability issue of the third case, and the switching criteria of exponential stability are proposed. The present results for the second case are further applied to the periodically intermittent control. Several numerical examples are also given to show the effectiveness of theoretical results.

International audience; Herein, a novel non-linear procedure for producing non-linear behaviour and stable limit cycle amplitudes of non-linear systems subjected to super-critical Hopf bifurcation point is presented. This approach, called Complex Non-Linear Modal Analysis (CNLMA), makes use of the non-linear unstable mode which governs the non-linear dynamic of structural systems in unstable areas. In this study, the computational methodology of CNLMA is presented for the systematic estimatio...

A minimal-order observer and output-feedback stabilization control are given for single-input multi-output stochastic nonlinear systems with unobservable states, unmodelled dynamics and stochastic disturbances. Based on the observer designed, the estimates of all observable states of the system are given, and the convergence of the estimation errors are analyzed. In addition, by using the integrator backstepping approach,an output-feedback stabilization control is constructively designed, and sufficient conditions are obtained under which the closed-loop system is asymptotically stable in the large or bounded in probability, respectively.

This paper treats the feedback stabilization of nonlinear stochastic time-delay systems with state and control-dependent noise. Some locally (globally) robustly stabilizable conditions are given in terms of matrix inequalities that are independent of the delay size. When it is applied to linear stochastic time-delay systems, sufficient conditions for the state-feedback stabilization are presented via linear matrix inequalities. Several previous results are extended to more general systems with both state and control-dependent noise, and easy computation algorithms are also given.

Full Text Available The problem of bounded-input bounded-output (BIBO stabilization in mean square for a class of discrete-time stochastic control systems with mixed time-varying delays and nonlinear perturbations is investigated. Some novel delay-dependent stability conditions for the previously mentioned system are established by constructing a novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii function. These conditions are expressed in the forms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs, whose feasibility can be easily checked by using MATLAB LMI Toolbox. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the validity of the obtained results.

Detailed models of combustion instability based on chemistry dynamics are developed. The results show that large activation energy goes against the combustion stability. The heat transfer coefficient between the wall and the combust gas is an important bifurcation parameter for the combustion instability. The acoustics modes of the chamber are in competition and cooperation with each other for limited vibration energy. Thermodynamics criterion of combustion stability can be deduced from the nonlinear thermodynamics. Correlations of the theoretical results and historical experiments indicate that chemical kinetics play a critical role in the combustion instability.

Full Text Available Under the weaker condition on the system growth, this paper further investigates the problem of global stabilization by state feedback for a class of high-order nonlinear systems with time-varying delays. By skillfully using the homogeneous domination approach, a continuous state feedback controller is successfully designed, which preserves the equilibrium at the origin and guarantees the global asymptotic stability of the resulting closed-loop system. A simulation example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design procedure.

Germanium doping in silica can be used as a method for nonlinearity enhancement.Properties of the enhanced nonlinearity in photonic crystal fiber(PCF)with a GeO2-doped core are investigated theoretically by using all-vector finite element method.Numerical result shows that the nonlinear coefficient of PCF is greatly enhanced with increasing doping concentration,furthermore,optimal radius of the doped region should be considered for the desired operating wavelength.

Full Text Available Stability of fixed points for sequences of nonlinear contractions over a variable domain is studied in a 2-metric space. The results so obtained generalize some recent results of Mishra et al. [Chaos, Soliton & Fractals 45(2012, 1012-1016] and Barbet and Nachi [Monografias del Seminario Matemático García de Galdeano 33(2006, 51--58].

In this article, a brief stability analysis of equilibrium points in nonlinear fractional order dynamical systems is given. Then, based on the first integral concept, a definition of planar Hamiltonian systems with fractional order introduced. Some interesting properties of these fractional Hamiltonian systems are also presented. Finally, we illustrate two examples to see the differences between fractional Hamiltonian systems with their classical order counterparts. NPRP . Grant Number: NP...

We investigate the nonlinear coupling between axisymmetric and elliptic oscillations in the dynamics of intense beams propagating in a uniform magnetic focusing field. It is shown that finite amplitude mismatched oscillations of an initially round beam may destabilize elliptic oscillations, heavily affecting stability and the shape of the beam. This is a potential mechanics for beam particle loss in such systems. Self consistent simulations are performed to verify the findings.

In this paper,a state feedback adaptive stabilization for a class of large-scale stochastic nonlinear systems is designed with Lyapunov and Backstepping method.In the systems there are uncertain terms,whose bounds are governed by a set of unknown parameters.The designed controllers would make the close-loop systems asymptotically stable and adaptive for the unknown parameters.As an application,a second order example is delivered to illustrate the approach.

calculus, applied mathematics, Director’s Research Initiative 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UU 18...ARL-TR-7959 MAR 2017 US Army Research Laboratory Global Stability and Dynamics of Strongly Nonlinear Systems Using Koopman...report when it is no longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. ARL-TR-7959 ● MAR 2017 US Army Research Laboratory Global

We show future global non-linearstability of surface symmetric solutions of the Einstein-Vlasov system with a positive cosmological constant. Estimates of higher derivatives of the metric and the matter terms are obtained using an inductive argument. In a recent research monograph Ringstr\\"{o}m shows future non-linearstability of (not necessarily symmetric) solutions of the Einstein-Vlasov system with a non-linear scalar field if certain local estimates on the geometry and the matter terms are fulfilled. We show that these assumptions are satisfied at late times for the case under consideration here which together with Cauchy stability leads to our main conclusion.

The baseline stability margins for NASA's Space Launch System (SLS) launch vehicle were generated via the classical approach of linearizing the system equations of motion and determining the gain and phase margins from the resulting frequency domain model. To improve the fidelity of the classical methods, the linear frequency domain approach can be extended by replacing static, memoryless nonlinearities with describing functions. This technique, however, does not address the time varying nature of the dynamics of a launch vehicle in flight. An alternative technique for the evaluation of the stability of the nonlinear launch vehicle dynamics along its trajectory is to incrementally adjust the gain and/or time delay in the time domain simulation until the system exhibits unstable behavior. This technique has the added benefit of providing a direct comparison between the time domain and frequency domain tools in support of simulation validation. This technique was implemented by using the Stability Aerospace Vehicle Analysis Tool (SAVANT) computer simulation to evaluate the stability of the SLS system with the Adaptive Augmenting Control (AAC) active and inactive along its ascent trajectory. The gains for which the vehicle maintains apparent time-domain stability defines the gain margins, and the time delay similarly defines the phase margin. This method of extracting the control stability margins from the time-domain simulation is relatively straightforward and the resultant margins can be compared to the linearized system results. The sections herein describe the techniques employed to extract the time-domain margins, compare the results between these nonlinear and the linear methods, and provide explanations for observed discrepancies. The SLS ascent trajectory was simulated with SAVANT and the classical linear stability margins were evaluated at one second intervals. The linear analysis was performed with the AAC algorithm disabled to attain baseline stability

Although various adaptive control techniques have been around for a long time and in spite of successful proofs of stability and even successful demonstrations of performance, the eventual use of adaptive control methodologies in practical real world systems has met a rather strong resistance from practitioners and has remained limited. Apparently, it is difficult to guarantee or even understand the conditions that can guarantee stable operations of adaptive control systems under realistic operational environments. Besides, it is difficult to measure the robustness of adaptive control system stability and allow it to be compared with the common and widely used measure of phase margin and gain margin that is utilized by present, mainly LTI, controllers. Furthermore, customary stability analysis methods seem to imply that the mere stability of adaptive systems may be adversely affected by any tiny deviation from the pretty idealistic and assumably required stability conditions. This paper first revisits the fundamental qualities of customary direct adaptive control methodologies, in particular the classical Model Reference Adaptive Control, and shows that some of their basic drawbacks have been addressed and eliminated within the so-called Simple Adaptive Control methodology. Moreover, recent developments in the stability analysis methods of nonlinear systems show that prior conditions that were customarily assumed to be needed for stability are only apparent and can be eliminated. As a result, sufficient conditions that guarantee stability are clearly stated and lead to similarly clear proofs of stability. As many real-world applications show, once robust stability of the adaptive systems can be guaranteed, the added value of using Add-On Adaptive Control along with classical Control design techniques is pushing the desired performance beyond any previous limits.

Although various adaptive control techniques have been around for a long time and in spite of successful proofs of stability and even successful demonstrations of performance, the eventual use of adaptive control methodologies in practical real world systems has met a rather strong resistance from practitioners and has remained limited. Apparently, it is difficult to guarantee or even understand the conditions that can guarantee stable operations of adaptive control systems under realistic operational environments. Besides, it is difficult to measure the robustness of adaptive control system stability and allow it to be compared with the common and widely used measure of phase margin and gain margin that is utilized by present, mainly LTI, controllers. Furthermore, customary stability analysis methods seem to imply that the mere stability of adaptive systems may be adversely affected by any tiny deviation from the pretty idealistic and assumably required stability conditions. This paper first revisits the fundamental qualities of customary direct adaptive control methodologies, in particular the classical Model Reference Adaptive Control, and shows that some of their basic drawbacks have been addressed and eliminated within the so-called Simple Adaptive Control methodology. Moreover, recent developments in the stability analysis methods of nonlinear systems show that prior conditions that were customarily assumed to be needed for stability are only apparent and can be eliminated. As a result, sufficient conditions that guarantee stability are clearly stated and lead to similarly clear proofs of stability. As many real-world applications show, once robust stability of the adaptive systems can be guaranteed, the added value of using Add-On Adaptive Control along with classical Control design techniques is pushing the desired performance beyond any previous limits.

In this study, the linear and nonlinear susceptibility of a single-layer graphene nanostructure driven by a weak probe light and an elliptical polarized coupling field is discussed theoretically. The Landau levels of graphene can be separated in infrared or terahertz regions under the strong magnetic field. Therefore, by using the density matrix formalism in quantum optic, the linear and nonlinear susceptibility of the medium can be derived. It is demonstrated that by adjusting the elliptical parameter, one can manipulate the linear and nonlinear absorption as well as Kerr nonlinearity of the medium. It is realized that the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity can be possible with zero linear absorption and nonlinear amplification at some values of elliptical parameter. Our results may be having potential applications in quantum information science based on Nano scales devices.

In this study, the linear and nonlinear susceptibility of a single-layer graphene nanostructure driven by a weak probe light and an elliptical polarized coupling field is discussed theoretically. The Landau levels of graphene can be separated in infrared or terahertz regions under the strong magnetic field. Therefore, by using the density matrix formalism in quantum optic, the linear and nonlinear susceptibility of the medium can be derived. It is demonstrated that by adjusting the elliptical parameter, one can manipulate the linear and nonlinear absorption as well as Kerr nonlinearity of the medium. It is realized that the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity can be possible with zero linear absorption and nonlinear amplification at some values of elliptical parameter. Our results may be having potential applications in quantum information science based on Nano scales devices.

This thesis is organized in two parts. In Part 1, control systems described by a class of nonlinear differential and algebraic equations are introduced. A procedure for local stabilization based on a local state realization is developed. An alternative approach to local stabilization is developed based on a classical linearization of the nonlinear differential-algebraic equations. A theoretical framework is established for solving a tracking problem associated with the differential-algebraic system. First, a simple procedure is developed for the design of a feedback control law which ensures, at least locally, that the tracking error in the closed loop system lies within any given bound if the reference inputs are sufficiently slowly varying. Next, by imposing additional assumptions, a procedure is developed for the design of a feedback control law which ensures that the tracking error in the closed loop system approaches zero exponentially for reference inputs which are not necessarily slowly varying. The control design methodologies are used for simultaneous force and position control in constrained robot systems. The differential-algebraic equations are shown to characterize the slow dynamics of a certain nonlinear control system in nonstandard singularly perturbed form. In Part 2, the attitude stabilization (reorientation) of a rigid spacecraft using only two control torques is considered. First, the case of momentum wheel actuators is considered. The complete spacecraft dynamics are not controllable. However, the spacecraft dynamics are small time locally controllable in a reduced sense. The reduced spacecraft dynamics cannot be asymptotically stabilized using continuous feedback, but a discontinuous feedback control strategy is constructed. Next, the case of gas jet actuators is considered. If the uncontrolled principal axis is not an axis of symmetry, the complete spacecraft dynamics are small time locally controllable. However, the spacecraft attitude

Stability of soliton families in one-dimensional nonlinear Schroedinger equations with non-parity-time (PT)-symmetric complex potentials is investigated numerically. It is shown that these solitons can be linearly stable in a wide range of parameter values both below and above phase transition. In addition, a pseudo-Hamiltonian-Hopf bifurcation is revealed, where pairs of purely-imaginary eigenvalues in the linear-stability spectra of solitons collide and bifurcate off the imaginary axis, creating oscillatory instability, which resembles Hamiltonian-Hopf bifurcations of solitons in Hamiltonian systems even though the present system is dissipative and non-Hamiltonian. The most important numerical finding is that, eigenvalues of linear-stability operators of these solitons appear in quartets $(\\lambda, -\\lambda, \\lambda^*, -\\lambda^*)$, similar to conservative systems and PT-symmetric systems. This quartet eigenvalue symmetry is very surprising for non-PT-symmetric systems, and it has far-reaching consequences ...

Stability and dynamic characteristics of a ball bearing-rotor system are investigated under the effect of the clearance in the ball bearing. Different clearance values are assumed to calculate the nonlinearstability of periodic solution with the aid of the Floquet theory. Bifurcation and chaos behavior are analyzed with variation of the clearance and rotational speed. It is found that there are three routes to unstable periodic solution.The period-doubling bifurcation and the secondary Hopf bifurcation are two usual routes to instability. The third route is the boundary crisis, a chaotic attractor occurs suddenly as the speed passes through its critical value. At last, the instable ranges for different internal clearance values are described. It is useful to investigate the stability property of ball bearing rotor system.

This paper constructs a set of confidence regions of parameters in terms of statistical curvatures for AR(q) nonlinear regression models. The geometric frameworks are proposed for the model. Then several confidence regions for parameters and parameter subsets in terms of statistical curvatures are given based on the likelihood ratio statistics and score statistics. Several previous results, such as [1] and [2] are extended to AR(q)nonlinear regression models.

The performance of a nonlinear formulation of the complementary principle for evaporation estimation was investigated in 241 catchments with different climate conditions in the eastern monsoon region of China. Evaporation (Ea) calculated by the water balance equation was used as the reference. Ea estimated by the calibrated nonlinear formulation was generally in good agreement with the water balance results, especially in relatively dry catchments. The single parameter in the nonlinear formulation, namely αe as a weak analog of the alpha parameter of Priestley and Taylor (), tended to exhibit larger values in warmer and humid near-coastal areas, but smaller values in colder, drier environments inland, with a significant dependency on the aridity index (AI). The nonlinear formulation combined with the equation relating the one parameter and AI provides a promising method to estimate regional Ea with standard and routinely measured meteorological data.

This paper presents a resonance-type vibration energy harvester with a Duffing-type nonlinear oscillator which is designed to perform effectively in a wide frequency band. For the conventional linear vibration energy harvester, the maximum performance of the power generation and its bandwidth are in a relation of trade-off. Introducing a Duffing-type nonlinearity can expand the resonance frequency band and enable the harvester to generate larger electric power in a wider frequency range. However, since such nonlinear oscillator may have coexisting multiple steady-state solutions in the resonance band, it is difficult for the nonlinear harvester to maintain the high performance of the power generation constantly. The principle of self-excitation and entrainment has been utilized to give global stability to the high-energy orbit by destabilizing other unexpected low-energy orbits by introducing a switching circuit of the load resistance between positive and the negative values depending on the response amplitude of the oscillator. In this paper, an improved control law that switches the load resistance according to a frequency-dependent threshold is proposed to ensure the oscillator to respond in the high-energy orbit without ineffective power consumption. Numerical study shows that the steady-state responses of the harvester with the proposed control low are successfully kept on the high-energy orbit without repeating activation of the excitationmode.

We report our study on nonlinear parity-time (PT) symmetric coupler from a dynamical perspective. In the linear regime, the differential equations governing the dynamics of the coupler, under some parametric changes, can be solved exactly. But with the inclusion of nonlinearity, analytical solution of the system is a rather complicated job. And the sensitiveness of the system on the initial conditions is yet another critical issue. To circumvent the situation, we have employed the mathematical framework of nonlinear dynamics. Considering the parity-time threshold of the linear PT-coupler as the reference point, we find that in nonlinear coupler the parity-time symmetric threshold governs the existence of fixed points. We have found that the stability of the ground state undergoes a phase transition when the gain/loss coefficient is increased from zero to beyond the PT threshold. In the unbroken PT regime, we find that the instabilities in the initial launch conditions can trigger an exponential growth and dec...

Full Text Available For the new style hot rolling coiler which adopt AC asynchronous motor as the driving force and with using the algorithm based on differential geometry design nonlinear controller, precise coiling tension control in the rolling process of strip steel is achieved. In this paper, under the rotating orthogonal coordinate system, the fifth-order nonlinear motor model is selected as the controlled plant. By multi-input multioutput (MIMO exact feedback linearization (EFL algorithm, the nonlinear model is transformed to a linear one. In terms of small-gain theorem, it is the first to prove that the nonlinear coiler engine that contains the controller has characteristics of input-to-state stability. Experimental results show that the algorithm can be used for high order tracking control system with time-varying parameters. Even without the traditional flux orientation calculation, the output signals are decoupled. With this controller, the tension deviation is restricted to less than 3% and average rotational speed bias was decreased from 0.5% to 0.1% that ensure high-quality plate cut and surface of strip products.

In this paper mathematical model of single inverted pendulum established based on Lagrange method. Stability of the inverted pendulum system is analyzed. Single inverted pendulum can be controlled by modem control theory, pole assignment method and Linear-quadratic regulator theory, effectually but only in small angle range. In order to obtain the larger controllable angle, the fuzzy method has been accepted to treat with this system. The idea behind of fuzzy control method in this paper is to divide the operating region of nonlinear system into small area, and treated as a collection of local linear systems which can be controlled. Global bounded property of the fuzzy method has been proven success, and according the simulation results of fuzzy servo system controllable angle is extended.

We analyze the global nonlinearstability of FRW (Friedmann-Robertson-Walker) spacetimes in presence of an irrotational perfect fluid. We assume that the fluid is governed by the so-called (generalized) Chaplygin equation of state relating the pressure to the mass-energy density. We express the Einstein equations in wave gauge as a systems of coupled nonlinear wave equations and by performing a suitable conformal transformation, we are able to analyze the global behavior of solutions in future timelike directions. We establish that the (3+1)-spacetime metric and the mass density and velocity vector describing the evolution of the fluid remain globally close to a reference FRW solution, under small initial data perturbations. Our analysis provides also the precise asymptotic behavior of the perturbed solutions in the future directions.

The steady-state transverse vibration of an axially moving string with geometric nonlinearity was investigated. The transport speed was assumed to be a constant mean speed with small harmonic variations. The nonlinear partial-differential equation that governs the transverse vibration of the string was derived by use of the Hamilton principle. The method of multiple scales was applied directly to the equation. The solvability condition of eliminating the secular terms was established. Closed form solutions for the amplitude and the existence conditions of nontrivial steady-state response of the two-to-one parametric resonance were obtained. Some numerical examples showing effects of the mean transport speed, the amplitude and the frequency of speed variation were presented. The Liapunov linearized stability theory was employed to derive the instability conditions of the trivial solution and the nontrivial solutions for the two-to-one parametric resonance. Some numerical examples highlighting influences of the related parameters on the instability conditions were presented.

In light filamentation induced by axicon-generated, powerful Bessel beams, the spatial propagation dynamics in the nonlinear medium determines the geometry of the filament channel and hence its potential applications. We show that the observed steady and unsteady Bessel beam propagation regimes can be understood in a unified way from the existence of an attractor and its stability properties. The attractor is identified as the nonlinear unbalanced Bessel beam (NL-UBB) whose inward H\\"ankel beam amplitude equals the amplitude of the linear Bessel beam that the axicon would generate in linear propagation. A simple analytical formula that determines de NL-UBB attractor is given. Steady or unsteady propagation depends on whether the attracting NL-UBB has a small, exponentially growing, unstable mode. In case of unsteady propagation, periodic, quasi-periodic or chaotic dynamics after the axicon reproduces similar dynamics after the development of the small unstable mode into the large perturbation regime.

In this paper, the four-dimensional nonlinearly charged black hole solutions have been considered in the presence of the power Maxwell invariant electrodynamics. Two new classes of anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole solutions have been introduced according to different amounts of the parameters in the nonlinear theory of electrodynamics. The conserved and thermodynamical quantities of either of the black hole classes have been calculated from geometrical and thermodynamical approaches, separately. It has been shown that the first law of black hole thermodynamics is satisfied for either of the AdS black hole solutions we just obtained. Through the canonical and grand canonical ensemble methods, the black hole thermal stability or phase transitions have been analyzed by considering the heat capacities with the fixed black hole charge and fixed electric potential, respectively. It has been found that the new AdS black holes are stable if some simple conditions are satisfied.

This paper analyzes the stability of a sampled- data system consisting of a deterministic, nonlinear, time- invariant, continuous-time plant and a stochastic, discrete- time, jump linear controller. The jump linear controller mod- els, for example, computer systems and communication net- works that are subject to stochastic upsets or disruptions. This sampled-data model has been used in the analysis and design of fault-tolerant systems and computer-control systems with random communication delays without taking into account the inter-sample response. To analyze stability, appropriate topologies are introduced for the signal spaces of the sampled- data system. With these topologies, the ideal sampling and zero-order-hold operators are shown to be measurable maps. This paper shows that the known equivalence between the stability of a deterministic, linear sampled-data system and its associated discrete-time representation as well as between a nonlinear sampled-data system and a linearized representation holds even in a stochastic framework.

By utilizing the current finite element program ANSYS, two types of finite element models (FEM), the beam model (BM) and shell model (SM), are established for the nonlinearstability analysis of a practical rigid frame bridge-Longtanhe Great Bridge. In these analyses, geometrical and material nonlinearities are simultaneously taken into account. For geometrical nonlinearity, updated Lagrangian formulations are adopted to derive the tangent stiffness matrix. In order to simulate the nonlinear behavior of the plastic hinge of the piers, the multi-lines spring element COMBIN39 is used in the SM while the bilinear rotational spring element COMBIN40 is employed in the BM. Numerical calculations show that satisfying results can be obtained in the stability analysis of the bridge when the double coupling nonlinearity effects are considered. In addition, the conclusion is significant for practical engineering.

In this paper, first, an adaptive neural network (NN) state-feedback controller for a class of nonlinear systems with mismatched uncertainties is proposed. By using a radial basis function NN (RBFNN), a bound of unknown nonlinear functions is approximated so that no information about the upper bound of mismatched uncertainties is required. Then, an observer-based adaptive controller based on RBFNN is designed to stabilize uncertain nonlinear systems with immeasurable states. The state-feedback and observer-based controllers are based on Lyapunov and strictly positive real-Lyapunov stability theory, respectively, and it is shown that the asymptotic convergence of the closed-loop system to zero is achieved while maintaining bounded states at the same time. The presented methods are more general than the previous approaches, handling systems with no restriction on the dimension of the system and the number of inputs. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods in the stabilization of mismatched nonlinear systems.

In this paper, the nonlinear singular stabilization, H∞ control problem of systems with ordinary homogeneous properties is considered. At first, we discuss the stabilization problems of nonlinear systems with homogeneous. Secondly, by vitue of Hamilton-JacobiIsaacs equations or inequalities, we solve regular H∞ of nonlinear systems with homogeneous properties. To overcome the H∞ problem of singular nonlinear system, we try to transform inputs of the singular nonlinear system into two parts: regular part input and singular part input. Following the previous results, we solve the singular nonlinear system H∞ control,we give the Lyapunov function and the state feedback controller of the singular nonlinear systems with homogeneous properties.

Monte Carlo and Active Subspace Identification methods are combined with first- and second-order adjoint sensitivities to perform (forward) uncertainty quantification analysis of the thermo-acoustic stability of two annular combustor configurations. This method is applied to evaluate the risk factor, i.e., the probability for the system to be unstable. It is shown that the adjoint approach reduces the number of nonlinear-eigenproblem calculations by up to $\\sim\\mathcal{O}(M)$, as many as the Monte Carlo samples.

Full Text Available A nonlinear differential equation with delay serving as a mathematical model of several applied problems is considered. Sufficient conditions for the global asymptotic stability and for the existence of periodic solutions are given. Two particular applications are treated in detail. The first one is a blood cell production model by Mackey, for which new periodicity criteria are derived. The second application is a modified economic model with delay due to Ramsey. An optimization problem for a maximal consumption is stated and solved for the latter.

We compare the photochemical stability of the nonlinear optical chromophore configurationally locked polyene 2-{3-[2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)vinyl]-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-enylidene} malononitrile (DAT2) embedded in a polymeric matrix and in a single-crystalline configuration. The results show that, under resonant light excitations, the polymeric compound degrades through an indirect process, while the DAT2 crystal follows a slow direct process. We show that chromophores in a crystalline environment exhibit three orders of magnitude better photostability as compared to guest-host polymer composites.

The dissociation dynamics of a dichromatically laser-driven diatomic Morse molecule vibrating in the ground state is investigated by applying tools of the nonlinear theory of classical Hamiltonian systems. Emphasis is placed on the role of the relative phase of the two fields, phi. First, it is found that, just like in quantum mechanics, there is dependence of the dissociation probability on phi. Then, it is demonstrated that addition of the second laser leads to suppression of probability (stabilization), when the intensity of the first laser is kept constant just above or below the single laser dissociation threshold. This "chemical bond hardening" diminishes as phi increases. These effects are investigated and interpreted in terms of modifications in phase space topology. Variations of phi as well as of the intensity of the second laser may cause (i) appearance/disappearance of the stability island corresponding to the common resonance with the lowest energy and (ii) deformation and movement of the region of Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser tori that survive from the undriven system. The latter is the main origin in phase space of stabilization and phi dependence. Finally, it is shown that the use of short laser pulses enhances both effects.

According to the engineering features of subgrade cave roof in karst region, the clamped beam model of subgrade cave roof in karst region was set up. Based on the catastrophe theory, the cusp catastrophe model for bearing capacity of subgrade cave roof and safe thickness of subgrade cave roof in karst region was established. The necessary instability conditions of subgrade cave roof were deduced, and then the methods to determine safe thickness of cave roofs under piles and bearing capacity of subgrade cave roof were proposed. At the same time, a practical engineering project was applied to verifying this method, which has been proved successfu1ly. At last, the major factors that affect the stability on cave roof under pile in karst region were deeply discussed and some results in quality were acquired.

Our paper realizes a study of the equilibrium positions for an engine supported by four identical nonlinear springs of quadratic characteristic. The systems with quadratic characteristic are generally avoided because they lead to mathematical complications. Our goal is to realize such a study for an engine supported on quadratic springs. For the model purposed, we established the equations of motion and we discussed the possibilities for the equilibrium positions. Because of the quadratic characteristic of the springs and of the approximations made for the small rotations, the equations obtained for the equilibrium lead us to a paradox, which consists in the existence of an open neighborhood in which there exists an infinity of positions of indifferent equilibrium, or a curve where the equilibrium positions are situated. Moreover, the study of the stability shows that the stability is assured for the position at which the springs are not compressed. Finally, a numerical example is presented and completely solved.

In this paper, based on SIR and SEIR epidemic models with a general nonlinear incidence rate, we incorporate time delays into the ordinary differential equation models. In particular, we consider two delay differential equation models in which delays are caused (i) by the latency of the infection in a vector, and (ii) by the latent period in an infected host. By constructing suitable Lyapunov functionals and using the Lyapunov-LaSalle invariance principle, we prove the global stability of the endemic equilibrium and the disease-free equilibrium for time delays of any length in each model. Our results show that the global properties of equilibria also only depend on the basic reproductive number and that the latent period in a vector does not affect the stability, but the latent period in an infected host plays a positive role to control disease development.

The problem of stability for linear time-varying delay systems under nonlinear perturbation is discussed, with delay assumed as time-varying. Delay decomposition approach allows information of the delayed plant states to be fully considered. A less conservative delay-dependent robust stability condition is derived, using integral inequality approach to express the relationship of Leibniz-Newton formula terms in the within the framework of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Merits of the proposed results lie in lesser conservatism, which are realized by choosing different Lyapunov matrices in the decomposed integral intervals and estimating the upper bound of some cross term more exactly. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and lesser conservatism of the proposed method.

A new neural network model termed 'standard neural network model' (SNNM) is presented,and a state-feedback control law is then designed for the SNNM to stabilize the closed-loop system.The control design constraints are shown to be a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs),which can be easily solved by the MATLAB LMI Control Toolbox to determine the control law.Most recurrent neural networks (including the chaotic neural network) and nonlinear systems modeled by neural networks or Takagi and Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy models can be transformed into the SNNMs to be stabilization controllers synthesized in the framework of a unified SNNM.Finally,three numerical examples are provided to illustrate the design developed in this paper.

Full Text Available In this paper, finite-time stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear differential-algebraic systems (NDASs subject to external disturbance is investigated via a composite control manner. A composite finite-time controller (CFTC is proposed with a three-stage design procedure. Firstly, based on the adding a power integrator technique, a finite-time control (FTC law is explicitly designed for the nominal NDAS by only using differential variables. Then, by using homogeneous system theory, a continuous finite-time disturbance observer (CFTDO is constructed to estimate the disturbance generated by an exogenous system. Finally, a composite controller which consists of a feedforward compensation part based on CFTDO and the obtained FTC law is proposed. Rigorous analysis demonstrates that not only the proposed composite controller can stabilize the NDAS in finite time, but also the proposed control scheme exhibits nominal performance recovery property. Simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.

This paper considers a method of lines stability analysis for finite difference discretizations of a recently published Boussinesq method for the study of highly non-linear and extremely dispersive water waves. The analysis demonstrates the near-equivalence of classical linear Fourier (von Neumann......) techniques with matrix-based methods for formulations in both one and two horizontal dimensions. The matrix-based method is also extended to show the local de-stabilizing effects of the non-linear terms, as well as the stabilizing effects of numerical dissipation. A comparison of the relative stability...... moderately non-normal, suggesting that the eigenvalues are likely suitable for analysis purposes. Numerical experiments demonstrate excellent agreement with the linear analysis, and good qualitative agreement with the local non-linear analysis. The various methods of analysis combine to provide significant...

Grain size effects on stability of thermomechanical responses for a nonlinear torsional vibration system with nanocrystalline superelastic NiTi bar are investigated in the frequency and amplitude domains. NiTi bars with average grain size from 10 nm to 100 nm are fabricated through cold-rolling and subsequent annealing. Thermomechanical responses of the NiTi bar as a softening nonlinear damping spring in the torsional vibration system are obtained by synchronised acquisition of rotational angle and temperature under external sinusoidal excitation. It is shown that nonlinearity and damping capacity of the NiTi bar decrease as average grain size of the material is reduced below 100 nm. Therefore jump phenomena of thermomechanical responses become less significant or even vanish and the vibration system becomes more stable. The work in this paper provides a solid experimental base for manipulating the undesired jump phenomena of thermomechanical responses and stabilising the mechanical vibration system through grain refinement of NiTi SMA.

Considering the continuous characteristics for water waves propagating over complex topography in the nearshore region, the unified nonlinear equations, based on the hypothesis for a typical uneven bottom, are presented by employing the Hamiltonian variational principle for water waves. It is verified that the equations include the following special cases: the extension of Airy's nonlinear shallow-water equations, the generalized mild-slope equation, the dispersion relation for the second-order Stokes waves and the higher order Boussinesq-type equations.

Stabilized gold nanoparticle (AuNP) colloids have been fabricated by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of a pure gold plate in cyclohexanone. The AuNPs colloid exhibits a UV-Vis absorption spectrum with a surface plasmon absorption peak at about 540 nm. Scanning electron microscopy has shown the formation of spherical AuNPs with average size about 53 nm. The shift of 24 cm{sup -1} is observed in the carbonyl band of the colloid using FTIR spectroscopy. This shift indicates that the monomer carbonyl group of cyclohexanone interacts with the surface of the AuNPs and leads to stabilizing the colloid. A large nonlinear refractive index of -2.92 x 10{sup -7} cm{sup 2}/W is measured using the Z-scan technique under continuous wave laser irradiation at 532 nm. Our results show that the large induced nonlinear refraction is attributed to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) enhancement effect of AuNPs, high thermo-optic coefficient and low thermal conductivity of cyclohexanone. Observation of far-field diffraction ring patterns confirm a thermally induced negative lens effect and spatial self-phase modulation in the laser beam as it traverses the colloids. (Abstract Copyright [2010], Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

New conditions are derived for the 2-stability of time-varying linear and nonlinear discrete-time multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, having a linear time time-invariant block with the transfer function Γ(z), in negative feedback with a matrix of periodic/aperiodic gains A(k),k =0,1,2,. . . and a vector of certain classes of non-monotone/monotone nonlinearitiesϕ( · ), without restrictions on their slopes and also not requiring path-independence of their line integrals. The stability conditions, which are derived in the frequency domain, have the following features: i) They involve the positive definiteness of the real part (as evaluated on |z| = 1) of the product of Γ(z) and a matrix multiplier function of z. ii) For periodic A(k), one class of multiplier functions can be chosen so as to impose no constraint on the rate of variations A(k), but for aperiodic A(k), which allows a more general multiplier function, constraints are imposed on certain global averages of the generalized eigenvalues of (A(k+1),A(k)),k=1,2,. . . . iii) They are distinct from and less restrictive than recent results in the literature.

In this paper, we study the propagation and stability of nonlinear sound waves in accretion disks. Using the shearing box approximation, we derive the form of these waves using a semi-analytic approach and go on to study their stability. The results are compared to those of numerical simulations performed using finite difference approaches such as employed by ZEUS as well as Godunov methods. When the wave frequency is between Omega and two Omega (where Omega is the disk orbital angular velocity), it can couple resonantly with a pair of linear inertial waves and thus undergo a parametric instability. Neglecting the disk vertical stratification, we derive an expression for the growth rate when the amplitude of the background wave is small. Good agreement is found with the results of numerical simulations performed both with finite difference and Godunov codes. During the nonlinear phase of the instability, the flow remains well organised if the amplitude of the background wave is small. However, strongly nonlin...

Bi-modulus materials with different mechanical responses in tension and compression are often found in civil, composite, and biological engineering. Numerical analysis of bimodular materials is strongly nonlinear and convergence is usually a problem for traditional iterative schemes. This paper aims to develop a stabilized computational method for nonlinear analysis of 3D bimodular materials. Based on the parametric variational principle, a unified constitutive equation of 3D bimodular materials is proposed, which allows the eight principal stress states to be indicated by three parametric variables introduced in the principal stress directions. The original problem is transformed into a standard linear complementarity problem (LCP) by the parametric virtual work principle and a quadratic programming algorithm is developed by solving the LCP with the classic Lemke's algorithm. Update of elasticity and stiffness matrices is avoided and, thus, the proposed algorithm shows an excellent convergence behavior compared with traditional iterative schemes. Numerical examples show that the proposed method is valid and can accurately analyze mechanical responses of 3D bimodular materials. Also, stability of the algorithm is greatly improved.

Based on the compaction characteristic test and the nonlinear compaction deformation characteristics of backfill material, this paper applies the theory of nonlinear elastic foundation of thin plate to establish a mechanical model of backfill body and roof in solid dense backfill coal mining. This study critically anal-yses the deflection equation of the roof by the energy method, derives the conditions of roof breakage and combined with concrete engineering practice analyses, determines roof movement regularity and stabil-ity in solid dense backfill mining. Analysis of the engineering practice of the 13,120 backfill panel of Pingmei 12# mine shows the theoretical maximum of roof convergence in backfill mining to be 415 mm which is in significant agreement with the measured value. During the advancing process of solid backfill mining at the panel, the maximum tensile stress on the roof is less than its tensile strength which does not satisfy the conditions for roof breakage. Drilling results on the roof and ground pressure monitoring show that the integrity of roof is strong, which is consistent with the theoretical calculations described in this study. The results presented in the study provide a basis for further investigation into strata movement theory in solid dense backfill mining.

In this work a new linearization technique of the dynamic balance equations of a free-piston Stirling machine is developed. It takes into account the nonlinear thermo-fluid-dynamic terms inherent in the machine, although keeping the linearity of the differential dynamic equations. This allows the equations of motion to be solved still analytically and, therefore, useful algebraic relations (already established by the authors in past studies) linking together the various machine parameters to be used. The advantages related to the proposed linearization methodology are the following: (1) it gives a right interpretation of the machine working when the operational parameters vary, because the considered nonlinear terms have a stabilizing effect; (2) it can be used to predict the machine performance not only with more accuracy, but especially in a more exhaustive way, allowing to estimate also the piston stroke and, therefore, the delivered power; (3) it enables to design the machine in such a way to enhance its stability, thus eliminating the necessity of power control systems.

We develop a method for transmission stabilization and robust dynamic switching for colliding optical soliton sequences in broadband waveguide systems with nonlinear gain and loss. The method is based on employing hybrid waveguides, consisting of spans with linear gain and cubic loss, and spans with linear loss, cubic gain, and quintic loss. We show that the amplitude dynamics is described by a hybrid Lotka-Volterra (LV) model, and use the model to determine the physical parameter values required for enhanced transmission stabilization and switching. Numerical simulations with coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations confirm the predictions of the LV model, and show complete suppression of radiative instability and pulse distortion. This enables stable transmission over distances larger by an order of magnitude compared with uniform waveguides with linear gain and cubic loss. Moreover, multiple on-off and off-on dynamic switching events are demonstrated over a wide range of soliton amplitudes, showing the superiority of hybrid waveguides compared with static switching in uniform waveguides.

Hearing relies on a series of coupled electrical, acoustical (fluidic) and mechanical interactions inside the cochlea that enable sound processing. A positive feedback mechanism within the cochlea, called the cochlear amplifier, provides amplitude and frequency selectivity in the mammalian auditory system. The cochlear amplifier and stability are studied using a nonlinear, micromechanical model of the Organ of Corti (OoC) coupled to the electrical potentials in the cochlear ducts. It is observed that the mechano-electrical transduction (MET) sensitivity and somatic motility of the outer hair cell (OHC), control the cochlear stability. Increasing MET sensitivity beyond a critical value, while electromechanical coupling coefficient is within a specific range, causes instability. We show that instability in this model is generated through a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. A reduced order model of the system is approximated and it is shown that the tectorial membrane (TM) transverse mode effect on the dynamics is significant while the radial mode can be simplified from the equations. The cochlear amplifier in this model exhibits good agreement with the experimental data. A comprehensive 3-dimensional model based on the cross sectional model is simulated and the results are compared. It is indicated that the global model qualitatively inherits some characteristics of the local model, but the longitudinal coupling along the cochlea shifts the stability boundary (i.e., Hopf bifurcation point) and enhances stability.

Based on the variational constraint approach, the variational form of Reynolds equation in hydrodynamic lubrication is revised continuously to satisfy certain con- straints in the cavitation zone of oil film field. According to the physical characteristic of oil film, an eight-node isopara- metric finite element method is used to convert the revised variational form of Reynolds equation to a discrete form of finite dimensional algebraic variational equation. By this approach, a perturbance equation can be obtained directly on the finite element equation. Consequently, nonlinear oil film forces and their Jacobian matrices are calculated simul- taneously, and compatible accuracy is obtained without increasing the computational costs. A method, which is a combination ofpredictor-corrector mechanism and Newton- Raphson method, is presented to calculate equilibrium posi- tion and critical speed corresponding to Hopf bifurcation point of bearing-rotor system, as by-product dynamic coe- fficients of bearing are obtained. The timescale, i.e., the unknown whirling period of Hopf bifurcation solution of bearing-rotor system is drawn into the iterative process using Poincaré-Newton-Floquet method. The stability of the Hopf bifurcation solution can be detected when estimating Hopf bifurcation solution and its periods. The nonlinear unbalanced Tperiodic responses of the system are obtained by using PNF method and path-following technique. The local stability and bifurcation behaviors of T periodic motions are analyzed by Floquet theory. Chaotic motions are analyzed by Lyapunov exponents. The numerical results revealed the rich and complex nonlinear behavior of the system, such as periodic, quasiperiodic, jumped solution, chaos, and coexistence of multisolution, and so on.

This dissertation examines the problem of global decentralized control by output feedback for large-scale uncertain nonlinear systems whose subsystems are interconnected not only by their outputs but also by their unmeasurable states. Several innovative techniques will be developed to create decentralized output feedback controllers rendering the closed-loop systems globally asymptotically stable. This is accomplished by extending an output feedback domination design that requires only limited information about the nonlinear system. We will apply our design to lower, upper, and non-triangular nonlinear systems. A time-varying output feedback controller is also constructed for use with large-scale systems that have unknown parameters. Furthermore, a mixed large-scale system consisting of both lower and upper triangular systems is shown to be stabilizable by employing a combined high and low gain domination technique. The significance of our results is that we do not need to have prior information about the nonlinearities of the system. In addition, a new design technique was developed using homogeneous system theory, which allows for the design of nonsmooth controllers and observers to stabilize a class of feedforward system with uncontrollable and unobservable linearization. An example of a large-scale system is a group of autonomous airships performing the function of a temporary mobile cell phone network. An airship mobile cell phone network is a novel solution to the problem of maintaining communication during the advent of extensive damage to the communication infrastructure; be it from a flood, earthquake, hurricane, or terrorist attack. A first principle force-based dynamic model for the Tri-Turbofan Airship was developed and will be discussed in detail. The mathematical model was based on actual flight test data that has been collected at the Gait Analysis and Innovative Technologies Laboratory. This model was developed to research autonomous airship

We study multidimensional gravitational models with scalar curvature nonlinearities of the type 1/R and R^4. It is assumed that the corresponding higher dimensional spacetime manifolds undergo a spontaneous compactification to manifolds with warped product structure. Special attention is paid to the stability of the extra-dimensional factor spaces. It is shown that for certain parameter regions the systems allow for a freezing stabilization of these spaces. In particular, we find for the 1/R model that configurations with stabilized extra dimensions do not provide a late-time acceleration (they are AdS), whereas the solution branch which allows for accelerated expansion (the dS branch) is incompatible with stabilized factor spaces. In the case of the R^4 model, we obtain that the stabilityregion in parameter space depends on the total dimension D=dim(M) of the higher dimensional spacetime M. For D>8 the stabilityregion consists of a single (absolutely stable) sector which is shielded from a conformal singul...

For solving nonlinear parabolic equation on massive parallel computers,the construction of parallel difference schemes with simple design, high parallelism and unconditional stability and second order global accuracy in space, has long been desired.In the present work, a new kind of general parallel difference schemes for the nonlinear parabolic system is proposed. The general parallel difference schemes include, among others, two new parallel schemes. In one of them, to obtain the interface values on the interface of sub-domains an explicit scheme of Jacobian type is employed, and then the fully implicit scheme is used in the sub-domains. Here, in the explicit scheme of Jacobian type, the values at the points being adjacent to the interface points are taken as the linear combination of values of previous two time layers at the adjoining points of the inner interface. For the construction of another new parallel difference scheme,the main procedure is as follows. Firstly the linear combination of values of previous two time layers at the interface points among the sub-domains is used as the (Dirichlet)boundary condition for solving the sub-domain problems. Then the values in the subdomains are calculated by the fully implicit scheme. Finally the interface values are computed by the fully implicit scheme, and in fact these calculations of the last step are explicit since the values adjacent to the interface points have been obtained in the previous step. The existence, uniqueness, unconditional stability and the second order accuracy of the discrete vector solutions for the parallel difference schemes are proved.Numerical results are presented to examine the stability, accuracy and parallelism of the parallel schemes.

This work develops a discontinuous Galerkin finite element discretization of non- linear hyperbolic conservation equations with efficient and robust high order stabilization built on an entropy-based artificial viscosity approximation. The solutions of equations are represented by elementwise polynomials of an arbitrary degree p > 0 which are continuous within each element but discontinuous on the boundaries. The discretization of equations in time is done by means of high order explicit Runge-Kutta methods identified with respective Butcher tableaux. To stabilize a numerical solution in the vicinity of shock waves and simultaneously preserve the smooth parts from smearing, we add some reasonable amount of artificial viscosity in accordance with the physical principle of entropy production in the interior of shock waves. The viscosity coefficient is proportional to the local size of the residual of an entropy equation and is bounded from above by the first-order artificial viscosity defined by a local wave speed. Since the residual of an entropy equation is supposed to be vanishingly small in smooth regions (of the order of the Local Truncation Error) and arbitrarily large in shocks, the entropy viscosity is almost zero everywhere except the shocks, where it reaches the first-order upper bound. One- and two-dimensional benchmark test cases are presented for nonlinear hyperbolic scalar conservation laws and the system of compressible Euler equations. These tests demonstrate the satisfactory stability properties of the method and optimal convergence rates as well. All numerical solutions to the test problems agree well with the reference solutions found in the literature. We conclude that the new method developed in the present work is a valuable alternative to currently existing techniques of viscous stabilization.

The goal of this paper is to present a generic multi-regionnonlinear age-size structured fish population model, and to assess its mathematical well-posedness. An initial-boundary-value problem is formulated. Existence and uniqueness of a positive weak solution is proved. Eventually, a comparison result is derived: the population of all regions decreases as the mortality rate increases in at least one region.

This paper considers the problem of the robust stability for the nonlinear system with time-varying delay and parameters uncertainties. Based on the H∞ theorem, Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory, and linear matrix inequality (LMI) optimization technique, the H∞ quasi-sliding mode controller and switching function are developed such that the nonlinear system is asymptotically stable in the quasi-sliding mode and satisfies the disturbance attenuation (H∞-norm performance). The effectiveness and accura...

This paper highlights the best results obtained during D-region modification experiments performed by the University of Florida at the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) observatory between 2007 and 2014. Over this period, we saw a tremendous improvement in ELF/VLF wave generation efficiency. We identified methods to characterize ambient and modified ionospheric properties and to discern and quantify specific types of interactions. We have demonstrated several important implications of HF cross-modulation effects, including "Doppler Spoofing" on HF radio waves. Throughout this talk, observations are compared with the predictions of an ionospheric HF heating model to provide context and guidance for future D-region modification experiments.

A recently reported paper (Ji, X., Liu, T., Sun, Y., and Su, H. (2011), 'Stability analysis and controller synthesis for discrete linear time-delay systems with state saturation nonlinearities', International Journal of Systems Science, 42, 397-406) for the global asymptotic stability analysis and controller synthesis for a class of discrete linear time delay systems employing state saturation nonlinearities is reviewed. It is claimed in Ji, Liu, Sun and Su (2011) that a previous approach by Kandanvli and Kar (Kandanvli, V.K.R and Kar, H. (2009), 'Robust stability of discrete-time state-delayed systems with saturation nonlinearities: Linear matrix inequality approach', Signal Processing, 89, 161-173) is recovered from their approach as a special case. It is shown that this claim is not justified.

The classical problem of attitude stability in a central gravity field is generalized to that on a stationary orbit around a uniformly-rotating asteroid. This generalized problem is studied in the framework of geometric mechanics. Based on the natural symplectic structure, the non-canonical Hamiltonian structure of the problem is derived. The Poisson tensor, Casimir functions and equations of motion are obtained in a differential geometric method. The equilibrium of the equations of motion, i.e. the equilibrium attitude of the spacecraft, is determined from a global point of view. Nonlinearstability conditions of the equilibrium attitude are obtained with the energy-Casimir method. The nonlinear attitude stability is then investigated versus three parameters of the asteroid, including the ratio of the mean radius to the stationary orbital radius, the harmonic coefficients C20 and C22. It is found that when the spacecraft is located on the intermediate-moment principal axis of the asteroid, the nonlinear stab...

Full Text Available According to the pros and cons of contourlet transform and multimodality medical imaging, here we propose a novel image fusion algorithm that combines nonlinear approximation of contourlet transform with image regional features. The most important coefficient bands of the contourlet sparse matrix are retained by nonlinear approximation. Low-frequency and high-frequency regional features are also elaborated to fuse medical images. The results strongly suggested that the proposed algorithm could improve the visual effects of medical image fusion and image quality, image denoising, and enhancement.

Full Text Available This paper deals with the finite-time stabilization problem for discrete-time Markov jump nonlinear systems with time delays and norm-bounded exogenous disturbance. The nonlinearities in different jump modes are parameterized by neural networks. Subsequently, a linear difference inclusion state space representation for a class of neural networks is established. Based on this, sufficient conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee stochastic finite-time boundedness and stochastic finite-time stabilization of the closed-loop system. A numerical example is illustrated to verify the efficiency of the proposed technique.

We put forward a generic transformation which helps to find exact soliton solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a spatiotemporal modulation of the nonlinearity and external potentials. As an example, we construct exact solitons for the defocusing nonlinearity and harmonic potential. When the soliton's eigenvalue is fixed, the number of exact solutions is determined by energy levels of the linear harmonic oscillator. In addition to the stable fundamental solitons, stable higher-order modes, describing array of dark solitons nested in a finite-width background, are constructed too. We also show how to control the instability domain of the nonstationary solitons.

In this paper, several results concerning attraction and asymptotic stability in the large of nonlinear ordinary differential equations are presented. The main result is very simple to apply yielding a sufficient condition under which the equilibrium point (assuming a unique equilibrium) is attractive and also provides a variety of options among them the classical linearization and other existing results are special cases of the this main theorem in this paper including and extension of the well known Markus-Yamabe conjecture. Several application examples are presented in order to analyze the advantages and drawbacks of the proposed result and to compare such results with successful existing techniques for analysis available in the literature nowadays.

In this paper, several results concerning attraction and asymptotic stability in the large of nonlinear ordinary differential equations are presented. The main result is very simple to apply yielding a sufficient condition under which the equilibrium point (assuming a unique equilibrium) is attractive and also provides a variety of options among them the classical linearization and other existing results are special cases of the this main theorem in this paper including and extension of the well known Markus-Yamabe conjecture. Several application examples are presented in order to analyze the advantages and drawbacks of the proposed result and to compare such results with successful existing techniques for analysis available in the literature nowadays.

Limit cycles or, more general, periodic solutions of nonlinear dynamical systems occur in many different fields of application. Although, there is extensive literature on periodic solutions, in particular on existence theorems, the connection to physical and technical applications needs to be improved. The bifurcation behavior of periodic solutions by means of parameter variations plays an important role in transition to chaos, so numerical algorithms are necessary to compute periodic solutions and investigate their stability on a numerical basis. From the technical point of view, dynamical systems with discontinuities are of special interest. The discontinuities may occur with respect to the variables describing the configuration space manifold or/and with respect to the variables of the vector-field of the dynamical system. The multiple shooting method is employed in computing limit cycles numerically, and is modified for systems with discontinuities. The theory is supported by numerous examples, mainly fro...

Lyapunov direct method has been used to study the nonlinearstability of laminar flow between two parallel planes in the presence of a coplanar magnetic field for streamwise perturbations with stress-free boundary planes. Two Lyapunov functions are defined. By means of the first, it is proved that the transverse components of the perturbations decay unconditionally and asymptotically to zero for all Reynolds numbers and magnetic Reynolds numbers. By means of the second, it is showed that the other components of the perturbations decay conditionally and exponentially to zero for all Reynolds numbers and the magnetic Reynolds numbers below π ^2/2M , where M is the maximum of the absolute value of the velocity field of the laminar flow.

There are many natural, physical, and biological systems that exhibit multiple time scales. For example, the dynamics of a population of ticks can be described in continuous time during their individual life cycle yet discrete time is used to describe the generation of offspring. These characteristics cause the population levels to be reset periodically. A similar phenomenon can be observed in a sociological college drinking model in which the population is reset by the incoming class each year, as described in the 2006 work of Camacho et al. With the latter as our motivation we analytically and numerically investigate the mechanism by which solutions in certain systems with this resetting conditions stabilize. We further utilize the sociological college drinking model as an analogue to analyze certain one-dimensional and two-dimensional nonlinear systems, as we attempt to generalize our results to higher dimensions.

This article introduces, and reviews recent work using, a simple optimisation technique for analysing the nonlinearstability of a state in a dynamical system. The technique can be used to identify the most efficient way to disturb a system such that it transits from one stable state to another. The key idea is introduced within the framework of a finite-dimensional set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and then illustrated for a very simple system of 2 ODEs which possesses bistability. Then the transition to turbulence problem in fluid mechanics is used to show how the technique can be formulated for a spatially-extended system described by a partial differential equation (the well-known Navier-Stokes equation). Within that context, the optimisation technique bridges the gap between (linear) optimal perturbation theory and the (nonlinear) dynamical systems approach to fluid flows. The fact that the technique has now been recently shown to work in this very high dimensional setting augurs well for its...

This article introduces and reviews recent work using a simple optimization technique for analysing the nonlinearstability of a state in a dynamical system. The technique can be used to identify the most efficient way to disturb a system such that it transits from one stable state to another. The key idea is introduced within the framework of a finite-dimensional set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and then illustrated for a very simple system of two ODEs which possesses bistability. Then the transition to turbulence problem in fluid mechanics is used to show how the technique can be formulated for a spatially-extended system described by a set of partial differential equations (the well-known Navier-Stokes equations). Within that context, the optimization technique bridges the gap between (linear) optimal perturbation theory and the (nonlinear) dynamical systems approach to fluid flows. The fact that the technique has now been recently shown to work in this very high dimensional setting augurs well for its utility in other physical systems.

Nonlinear evolution of disturbances in an axisymmetric, high subsonic, high Reynolds number hot jet with forced eigenmodes is studied using the Parabolized Stability Equations (PSE) approach to understand how modes interact with one another. Both frequency and azimuthal harmonic interactions are analyzed by setting up one or two modes at higher initial amplitudes and various phases. While single mode excitation leads to harmonic growth and jet noise amplification, controlling the evolution of a specific mode has been made possible by forcing two modes (m{sub 1}, n{sub 1}), (m{sub 2}, n{sub 2}), such that the difference in azimuth and in frequency matches the desired “target” mode (m{sub 1} − m{sub 2}, n{sub 1} − n{sub 2}). A careful setup of the initial amplitudes and phases of the forced modes, defined as the “killer” modes, has allowed the minimizing of the initially dominant instability in the near pressure field, as well as its estimated radiated noise with a 15 dB loss. Although an increase of the overall sound pressure has been found in the range of azimuth and frequency analyzed, the present paper reveals the possibility to make the initially dominant instability ineffective acoustically using nonlinear interactions with forced eigenmodes.

We establish the full global non-linearstability of the Kerr-de Sitter family of black holes, as solutions of the initial value problem for the Einstein vacuum equations with positive cosmological constant, for small angular momenta, and without any symmetry assumptions on the initial data. We achieve this by extending the linear and non-linear analysis on black hole spacetimes described in a sequence of earlier papers by the authors: We develop a general framework which enables us to deal systematically with the diffeomorphism invariance of Einstein's equations. In particular, the iteration scheme used to solve Einstein's equations automatically finds the parameters of the Kerr-de Sitter black hole that the solution is asymptotic to, the exponentially decaying tail of the solution, and the gauge in which we are able to find the solution; the gauge here is a wave map/DeTurck type gauge, modified by source terms which are treated as unknowns, lying in a suitable finite-dimensional space.

We study the non-linear interaction of a cold sample of strontium-88 atoms coupled to a single mode of a low finesse optical cavity in the so-called bad cavity limit and investigate the implications for applications to laser stabilization. The atoms are probed on the weak inter-combination line $\\lvert 5s^{2} \\, ^1 \\textrm{S}_0 \\rangle \\,-\\, \\lvert 5s5p \\, ^3 \\textrm{P}_1 \\rangle$ at 689 nm in a strongly saturated regime. Our measured observables include the atomic induced phase shift and absorption of the light field transmitted through the cavity represented by the complex cavity transmission coefficient. We demonstrate high signal-to-noise-ratio measurements of both quadratures - the cavity transmitted phase and absorption - by employing FM spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS). We also show that when FM spectroscopy is employed in connection with a cavity locked to the probe light, observables are substantially modified compared to the free space situation where no cavity is present. Furthermore, the non-linear dynami...

Full Text Available The subject matter of the analysis is the non-linear characteristics of the new model of higher education in relation to its resources and risk environment. The purpose of this article is to prove the need and the possibility of transition to the nonlinear model of higher education in the region on the basis of theoretical positions and the results of the study of non-linear socio-economic processes. In this connection, the socio-economic factors of such transition are characterized; the objective necessity of its implementation in the context of the economic and social uncertainty of a particular region, which is Ural Federal District, is shown. A new type of relationship between universities and their social partners is considered. The need for the change of interactions between educational communities; reliance on the use of a new wide range of economic, social and spiritual resources; the constant search for new mechanisms, educational programs, relations with the external environment, management decisions are argued. Ural Federal District is shown as one of the most advanced regions of the Russian Federation not only in the sphere of the economy, social and cultural life, but also in the sphere of higher education. This circumstance is related to the constant, intensive search for innovative approaches to the modernization of higher education in the region, including the formation of its non-linear model. The presented situation forms the basis of the hypothesis that the non-linear model of higher education can ensure its competitiveness in the global educational space, to enhance its role in the society and specific regions of the country and to turn it into a locomotive of the socio-economic and socio-cultural development. The study is based on an interdisciplinary methodology, including the potential of theoretical sociology, sociology of education, economic sociology, management theory, regional economy. The findings of the research

Compared with input-to-state stability(ISS) in global version,the concept of local input-to-state stability(LISS) is more relevant and meaningful in practice.The key of assessing LISS properties lies in investigating three main ingredients,the local region of initial states,the local region of external inputs and the asymptotic gain.It is the objective of this paper to propose a numerical algorithm for estimating LISS properties on the theoretical foundation of quadratic form LISS-Lyapunov function.Given developments of linear matrix inequality(LMI) methods,this algorithm is effective and powerful.A typical power electronics based system with common DC bus is served as a demonstration for quantitative results.

On the basis of upper bound theorem, non-associated flow rule and non-linear failure criterion were considered together. The modified shear strength parameters of materials were obtained with the help of the tangent method. Employing the virtual power principle and strength reduction technique, the effects of dilatancy of materials, non-linear failure criterion, pore water pressure, surface loads and buried depth, on the stability of shallow tunnel were studied. In order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the solutions in the present work agree well with the existing results when the non-associated flow rule is reduced to the associated flow rule and the non-linear failure criterion is degenerated to the linear failure criterion. Compared with dilatancy of materials, the non-linear failure criterion exerts greater impact on the stability of shallow tunnels. The safety factor of shallow tunnels decreases and the failure surface expands outward when the dilatancy coefficient decreases. While the increase of nonlinear coefficient, the pore water pressure coefficient, the surface load and the buried depth results in the small safety factor. Therefore, the dilatancy as well as non-linear failure criterion should be taken into account in the design of shallow tunnel supporting structure. The supporting structure must be reinforced promptly to prevent potential mud from gushing or collapse accident in the areas with abundant pore water, large surface load or buried depth.

Chains of parametrically driven, damped pendula are known to support soliton-like clusters of in-phase motion which become unstable and seed spatiotemporal chaos for sufficiently large driving amplitudes. We show that the pinning of the soliton on a "long" impurity (a longer pendulum) expands dramatically its stabilityregion whereas "short" defects simply repel solitons producing effective partition of the chain. We also show that defects may spontaneously nucleate solitons.

Encapsulated microbubbles (EMBs) are widely used in medical ultrasound imaging as contrast-enhanced agents. However, the potential damaging effects of violent collapsing EMBs to cells and tissues in clinical settings have remained a concern. Dual-frequency ultrasound is a promising technique for improving the efficacy and safety of sonography. The system modeled consists of the external liquid, membrane and internal gases of an EMB. The microbubble dynamics are simulated using a simple nonlinear interactive theory, considering the compressibility of the internal gas, viscosity of the liquid flow and viscoelasticity of the membrane. The radial oscillation and interfacial stability of an EMB under single- and dual-frequency excitations are compared. The simulation results show that the dual-frequency technique produces larger backscatter pressure at higher harmonics of the primary driving frequency—this enriched acoustic spectrum can enhance blood-tissue contrast and improve the quality of sonographic images. The results further show that the acoustic pressure threshold associated with the onset of shape instability is greater for dual-frequency driving. This suggests that the dual-frequency technique stabilizes the encapsulated bubble, thereby improving the efficacy and safety of contrast-enhanced agents.

Full Text Available Studies of the auroral plasma with small-scale inhomogenieties producing the VHF-radar reflections (radar aurora when observed in conditions of the saturated Farley-Buneman instability within the auroral E region, show strong nonlinear interactions and density fluctuations of 5–15%. Such nonlinearity and high fluctation amplitudes are inconsistent with the limitations of the weak turbulence theory, and thus a theory for arbitrary amplitudes is needed. To this end, a nonlinear theory is described for electrostatic MHD moving plasma structures of arbitrary amplitude for conditions throughout the altitude range of the collisional auroral E region. The equations are derived, from electron and ion motion self-consistent with the electric field, for the general case of the one-dimensional problem. They take into account nonlinearity, electron and ion inertia, diffusion, deviation from quasi-neutrality, and dynamical ion viscosity. The importance of the ion viscosity for dispersion is stressed, while deviation from the quasi-neutrality can be important only at rather low plasma densities, not typical for the auroral E region. In a small amplitude limit these equations have classical nonlinear solutions of the type of "electrostatic shock wave" or of knoidal waves. In a particular case these knoidal waves degrade to a dissipative soliton. A two-dimensional case of a quasi-neutral plasma is considered in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field by way of the Poisson brackets, but neglecting the nonlinearity and ion inertia. It is shown that in these conditions an effective saturation can be achieved at the stationary turbulence level of order of 10%.

In this paper, the problem of switching stabilization for a class of switched nonlinear systems is studied by using average dwell time (ADT) switching, where the subsystems are possibly all unstable. First, a new concept of ADT is given, which is different from the traditional definition of ADT. Based on the new proposed switching signals, a sufficient condition of stabilization for switched nonlinear systems with unstable subsystems is derived. Then, the T-S fuzzy modeling approach is applied to represent the underlying nonlinear system to make the obtained condition easily verified. A novel multiple quadratic Lyapunov function approach is also proposed, by which some conditions are provided in terms of a set of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the derived T-S fuzzy system to be asymptotically stable. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our developed results.

Full Text Available A methodology is presented to study the resonance and stability for a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF system with a piecewise linear-nonlinear stiffness term (i.e., one piece is linear and the other is weakly nonlinear. Firstly, the exact response of the linear governing equation is obtained, and a modified perturbation method is applied to finding the approximate solution of the weakly nonlinear equation. Then, the primary and 1/2 subharmonic resonances are obtained by imposing continuity conditions and periodicity conditions. Furthermore, Jacobian matrix is derived to investigate the stability of resonance responses. Finally, the results of theoretical study are compared with numerical results, and a good agreement is observed.

Nonlinear effects manifested in infrasonic signals passing through different atmospheric heights and recorded in the region of a geometric shadow have been studied. The source of infrasound was a surface explosion equivalent to 20-70 t of TNT. The frequencies of the spectral maxima of infrasonic signals, which correspond to the reflections of acoustic pulses from atmospheric inhomogeneities at different heights within the stratosphere-mesosphere-lower thermosphere layer, were calculated using the nonlinear-theory method. A satisfactory agreement between experimental and calculated data was obtained.

This paper considers a method of lines stability analysis for finite difference discretizations of a recently published Boussinesq method for the study of highly non-linear and extremely dispersive water waves. The analysis demonstrates the near-equivalence of classical linear Fourier (von Neumann...

Due to the smallness of the volumes associated with the flux surfaces around the O-point of a magnetic island, the electron cyclotron power density applied inside the island for the stabilization of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) can exceed the threshold for non-linear effects as derived

This correspondence presents the stability analysis and performance design of the continuous-time fuzzy-model-based control systems. The idea of the nonparallel-distributed-compensation (non-PDC) control laws is extended to the continuous-time fuzzy-model-based control systems. A nonlinear controller with non-PDC control laws is proposed to stabilize the continuous-time nonlinear systems in Takagi-Sugeno's form. To produce the stability-analysis result, a parameter-dependent Lyapunov function (PDLF) is employed. However, two difficulties are usually encountered: 1) the time-derivative terms produced by the PDLF will complicate the stability analysis and 2) the stability conditions are not in the form of linear-matrix inequalities (LMIs) that aid the design of feedback gains. To tackle the first difficulty, the time-derivative terms are represented by some weighted-sum terms in some existing approaches, which will increase the number of stability conditions significantly. In view of the second difficulty, some positive-definitive terms are added in order to cast the stability conditions into LMIs. In this correspondence, the favorable properties of the membership functions and nonlinear control laws, which allow the introduction of some free matrices, are employed to alleviate the two difficulties while retaining the favorable properties of PDLF-based approach. LMI-based stability conditions are derived to ensure the system stability. Furthermore, based on a common scalar performance index, LMI-based performance conditions are derived to guarantee the system performance. Simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

A new framework for the analysis of unstable oscillator flows is explored. In linear settings, temporally growing perturbations in a non-parallel flow represent unstable eigenmodes of the linear flow operator. In nonlinear settings, self-sustained periodic oscillations of finite amplitude are commonly described as nonlinear global modes. In both cases the flow dynamics may be qualified as being endogenous, as opposed to the exogenous behaviour of amplifier flows driven by external forcing. This paper introduces the endogeneity concept, a specific definition of the sensitivity of the global frequency and growth rate with respect to variations of the flow operator. The endogeneity, defined both in linear and nonlinear settings, characterizes the contribution of localized flow regions to the global eigendynamics. It is calculated in a simple manner as the local point-wise inner product between the time derivative of the direct flow state and an adjoint mode. This study demonstrates for two canonical examples, th...

Full Text Available It has been observed that times series of gait parameters (stride length (SL, stride time (ST and stride speed (SS, exhibit long-term persistence and fractal-like properties. Synchronizing steps with rhythmic auditory stimuli modifies the persistent fluctuation pattern to anti-persistence. Another nonlinear method estimates the degree of resilience of gait control to small perturbations, i.e. the local dynamic stability (LDS. The method makes use of the maximal Lyapunov exponent, which estimates how fast a nonlinear system embedded in a reconstructed state space (attractor diverges after an infinitesimal perturbation. We propose to use an instrumented treadmill to simultaneously measure basic gait parameters (time series of SL, ST and SS from which the statistical persistence among consecutive strides can be assessed, and the trajectory of the center of pressure (from which the LDS can be estimated. In 20 healthy participants, the response to rhythmic auditory cueing (RAC of LDS and of statistical persistence (assessed with detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA was compared. By analyzing the divergence curves, we observed that long-term LDS (computed as the reverse of the average logarithmic rate of divergence between the 4th and the 10th strides downstream from nearest neighbors in the reconstructed attractor was strongly enhanced (relative change +47%. That is likely the indication of a more dampened dynamics. The change in short-term LDS (divergence over one step was smaller (+3%. DFA results (scaling exponents confirmed an anti-persistent pattern in ST, SL and SS. Long-term LDS (but not short-term LDS and scaling exponents exhibited a significant correlation between them (r=0.7. Both phenomena probably result from the more conscious/voluntary gait control that is required by RAC. We suggest that LDS and statistical persistence should be used to evaluate the efficiency of cueing therapy in patients with neurological gait disorders.

A two-layer quasi-geostrophic model is used to study the stability and sensitivity of motions on small-scale vortices in Jupiter's atmosphere. Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbations (CNOPs) and linear singular vectors (LSVs) are both obtained numerically and compared in this paper. The results show that CNOPs can capture the nonlinear characteristics of motions in small-scale vortices in Jupiter's atmosphere and show great difference from LSVs under the condition that the initial constraint condition is large or the optimization time is not very short or both. Besides, in some basic states, local CNOPs are found.The pattern of LSV is more similar to local CNOP than global CNOP in some cases. The elementary application of the method of CNOP to the Jovian atmosphere helps us to explore the stability of variousscale motions of Jupiter's atmosphere and to compare the stability of motions in Jupiter's atmosphere and Earth's atmosphere further.

We study prediction-assimilation systems, which have become routine in meteorology and oceanography and are rapidly spreading to other areas of the geosciences and of continuum physics. The long-term, nonlinearstability of such a system leads to the uniqueness of its sequentially estimated solutions and is required for the convergence of these solutions to the system's true, chaotic evolution. The key ideas of our approach are illustrated for a linearized Lorenz system. Stability of two nonlinear prediction-assimilation systems from dynamic meteorology is studied next via the complete spectrum of their Lyapunov exponents; these two systems are governed by a large set of ordinary and of partial differential equations, respectively. The degree of data-induced stabilization is crucial for the performance of such a system. This degree, in turn, depends on two key ingredients: (i) the observational network, either fixed or data-adaptive, and (ii) the assimilation method.

This paper proposes an fuzzy adaptive output-feedback stabilization control method for nonstrict feedback uncertain switched nonlinear systems. The controlled system contains unmeasured states and unknown nonlinearities. First, a switched state observer is constructed in order to estimate the unmeasured states. Second, a variable separation approach is introduced to solve the problem of nonstrict feedback. Third, fuzzy logic systems are utilized to identify the unknown uncertainties, and an adaptive fuzzy output feedback stabilization controller is set up by exploiting the backstepping design principle. At last, by applying the average dwell time method and Lyapunov stability theory, it is proven that all the signals in the closed-loop switched system are bounded, and the system output converges to a small neighborhood of the origin. Two examples are given to further show the effectiveness of the proposed switched control approach.

Full Text Available This study begins with the establishment of a three-dimension business cycle model based on the condition of a fixed exchange rate. Using the established model, the reported study proceeds to describe and discuss the existence of the equilibrium and stability of the economic system near the equilibrium point as a function of the speed of market regulation and the degree of capital liquidity and a stable region is defined. In addition, the condition of Hopf bifurcation is discussed and the stability of a periodic solution, which is generated by the Hopf bifurcation and the direction of the Hopf bifurcation, is provided. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to confirm the theoretical results. This study plays an important role in theoretical understanding of business cycle models and it is crucial for decision makers in formulating macroeconomic policies as detailed in the conclusions of this report.

This work experimentally investigates the impact of nonlinearity on macromechanical parametric amplification. For a strong cubic stiffness nonlinearity we observe jumps in gain (ratio of steady-state vibration amplitude of the externally and parametrically excited system, to vibration amplitude...

Full Text Available The flexible Cartesian robotic manipulator (FCRM is coming into widespread application in industry. Because of the feeble rigidity and heavy deflection, the dynamic characteristics of the FCRM are easily influenced by external disturbances which mainly concentrate in the driving end and the load end. Thus, with the influence of driving base disturbance and terminal load considered, the motion differential equations of the FCRM under the plane motion of the base are constructed, which contain the forced and non-linear parametric excitations originated from the disturbances of base lateral and axial motion respectively. Considering the relationship between the coefficients of the motion differential equations and the mode shapes of the flexible manipulator, the analytic expressions of the mode shapes with terminal load are deduced. Then, based on multiple scales method and rectangular coordinate transformation, the average equations of the FCRM are derived to analyze the influence mechanism of base disturbance and terminal load on the system parametric vibration stability. The results show that terminal load mainly affects the node locations of mode shapes and mode frequencies of the FCRM, and the axial motion disturbance of the driving base introduces parametric excitation while the lateral motion disturbance generates forced excitation for the transverse vibration model of the FCRM. Furthermore, with the increase of the base excitation acceleration and terminal load, the parametric vibration instability region of the FCRM increases significantly. This study will be helpful for the dynamic characteristics analysis and vibration control of the FCRM.

Sampling arises simultaneously with input and output delays in networked control systems. When the delay is left uncompensated, the sampling period is generally required to be sufficiently small, the delay sufficiently short, and, for nonlinear systems, only semiglobal practical stability is generally achieved. For example, global stabilization of strict-feedforward systems under sampled measurements, sampled-data stabilization of the nonholonomic unicycle with arbitrarily sparse sampling, and sampled-data stabilization of LTI systems over networks with long delays, are open problems. In this paper we present two general results that address these example problems as special cases. First, we present global asymptotic stabilizers for forward complete systems under arbitrarily long input and output delays, with arbitrarily long sampling periods, and with continuous application of the control input. Second, we consider systems with sampled measurements and with control applied through a zero-order hold, under th...

In this work, a powerful analytical method, called He's Parameter Expanding Methods (HPEM) is used to obtain the exact solution of nonlinear problems in nonlinear vibration. In this work, the governing equation is obtained by using Lagrange method, then the nonlinear governing equation is solved...... and convenient for solving these problems....

Full Text Available This paper considers the problem of the robust stability for the nonlinear system with time-varying delay and parameters uncertainties. Based on the H∞ theorem, Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory, and linear matrix inequality (LMI optimization technique, the H∞ quasi-sliding mode controller and switching function are developed such that the nonlinear system is asymptotically stable in the quasi-sliding mode and satisfies the disturbance attenuation (H∞-norm performance. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed methods are shown in numerical simulations.

A new method of controlling chemical chaos to attain the stabilized unstable periodic orbit (UPO) is proposed. It is an extension of the occasional proportional feedback (OPF) control strategy which spans the limitations of OPF, i.e. the linear region of the control rule, and extends to the whole chaotic region. It also expresses the nonlinear control rule with the back propogation-artificial neural network (BP-ANN) in order to increase the robustness of the control. Its effectiveness is examined through controlling an autocatalytic chaotic reaction model numerically.

Full Text Available The robust exponential stability of delayed fuzzy Markovian-jumping Cohen-Grossberg neural networks (CGNNs with nonlinear p-Laplace diffusion is studied. Fuzzy mathematical model brings a great difficulty in setting up LMI criteria for the stability, and stochastic functional differential equations model with nonlinear diffusion makes it harder. To study the stability of fuzzy CGNNs with diffusion, we have to construct a Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional in non-matrix form. But stochastic mathematical formulae are always described in matrix forms. By way of some variational methods in W1,p(Ω, Itô formula, Dynkin formula, the semi-martingale convergence theorem, Schur Complement Theorem, and LMI technique, the LMI-based criteria on the robust exponential stability and almost sure exponential robust stability are finally obtained, the feasibility of which can efficiently be computed and confirmed by computer MatLab LMI toolbox. It is worth mentioning that even corollaries of the main results of this paper improve some recent related existing results. Moreover, some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and less conservatism of the proposed method due to the significant improvement in the allowable upper bounds of time delays.

PREFACE This book deals with the new developments and applications of the geometric method to the nonlinearstability problem for thin non-elastic shells. There are no other published books on this subject except the basic ones of A. V. Pogorelov (1966,1967,1986), where variational principles defined over isometric surfaces, are postulated, and applied mainly to static and dynamic problems of elastic isotropic thin shells. A. V. Pogorelov (Harkov, Ukraine) was the first to provide in his monographs the geometric construction of the deformed shell surface in a post-critical stage and deriving explicitely the asymptotic formulas for the upper and lower critical loads. In most cases, these formulas were presented in a closed analytical form, and confirmed by experimental data. The geometric method by Pogorelov is one of the most important analytical methods developed during the last century. Its power consists in its ability to provide a clear geometric picture of the postcritical form of a deformed shell surfac...

In this paper we present a nonmonotone trust region algorithm for general nonlinear constrained optimization problems. The main idea of this paper is to combine Yuan's technique[1] with a nonmonotone method similar to Ke and Han [2]. This new algorithm may not only keep the robust properties of the algorithm given by Yuan, but also have some advantages led by the nonmonotone technique. Under very mild conditions, global convergence for the algorithm is given. Numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm.

High order spatial discretizations with monotonicity properties are often desirable for the solution of hyperbolic PDEs. These methods can advantageously be coupled with high order strong stability preserving time discretizations. The search for high order strong stability time-stepping methods with large allowable strong stability coefficient has been an active area of research over the last two decades. This research has shown that explicit SSP Runge-Kutta methods exist only up to fourth order. However, if we restrict ourselves to solving only linear autonomous problems, the order conditions simplify and this order barrier is lifted: explicit SSP Runge-Kutta methods of any linear order exist. These methods reduce to second order when applied to nonlinear problems. In the current work we aim to find explicit SSP Runge-Kutta methods with large allowable time-step, that feature high linear order and simultaneously have the optimal fourth order nonlinear order. These methods have strong stability coefficients that approach those of the linear methods as the number of stages and the linear order is increased. This work shows that when a high linear order method is desired, it may still be worthwhile to use methods with higher nonlinear order.

The attitude stabilization problem of a rigid spacecraft using control torques supplied by gas jet actuators about only two of its principal axes is considered. If the uncontrolled principal axis of the spacecraft is not an axis of symmetry, then the complete spacecraft dynamics are small time locally controllable. However, the spacecraft cannot be asymptotically stabilized to any equilibrium attitude using time-invariant continuous feedback. A discontinuous stabilizing feedback control strategy is constructed which stabilizes the spacecraft to any equilibrium attitude. If the uncontrolled principal axis of the spacecraft is an axis of symmetry, the complete spacecraft dynamics are not even assessible. However, the spacecraft dynamics are strongly accessible and small time locally controllable in a reduced sense. The reduced spacecraft dynamics cannot be asymptotically stabilized to any equilibrium attitude using time-invariant continuous feedback, but again a discontinuous stabilizing feedback control strategy is constructed. In both cases, the discontinuous feedback controllers are constructed by switching between several feedback functions which are selected to accomplish a sequence of spacecraft maneuvers. The results of the paper show that although standard nonlinear control techniques are not applicable, it is possible to construct a nonlinear discontinuous control law based on the dynamics of the particular physical system.

A very convenient way to obtain widely tunable source of coherent radiation in the infrared region is through nonlinear frequency mixing processes like second harmonic generation (SHG), difference-frequency mixing (DFM) or optical parametric oscillation (OPO). Using commonly available Nd:YAG laser and its harmonic pumped dye laser radiation as parent beams, we have been able to generate coherent tunable infrared radiation (IR) in 2–16 m region using different nonlinear crystals by DFM and OPO. We have also generated such IR source in the 4–5 m region through SHG of CO2 laser in different infrared crystals. In the process we have characterized a large number of nonlinear crystals like different borate group of crystals, KTP, KTA, LiIO3, MgO:LiNbO3, GaSe, AgGaSe2, ZnGeP2, AgGa1−InSe2, HgGa2S4 etc. To improve the conversion efficiencies of such frequency conversion processes, we have developed some novel schemes, like multipass configuration (MC) and positive optical feedback (POF). The significance of the obtained results lies in the fact that to get the same conversion in SHG or DFM, one now requires fundamental input radiation with much lower intensity.

In this paper, the authors study a laser using a nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalon as a cavity mirror. First, using the semiclassical laser theory and the differential equation for the lossy nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalon, they develop dynamic equations describing this system for single-mode operation. In this model, the frequency-pulling effect, a finite response time of the nonlinear medium, and a finite-cavity round-trip time of the Fabry-Perot etalon are included. Second, based on this model, they analyze the stability of this laser and give some numerical results. The results show that (1) this system can exist in the stable state and in the unstable state; (2) there are not only saddle-node bifurcations but also Hopf bifurcations; (3) the detuning parameter will effect the characteristics of the bistability and the number and distribution of Hopf bifurcation points.

We carried out analysis of near optimality of one computationally effective nonlinearstabilizing control built for weakly nonlinear systems with coefficients depending on the state and the formal small parameter. First investigation of that problem was made in [M. G. Dmitriev, and D. A. Makarov, "The suboptimality of stabilizing regulator in a quasi-linear system with state-depended coefficients," in 2016 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications (SIBCON) Proceedings, National Research University, Moscow, 2016]. In this paper, another optimal control and gain matrix representations were used and theoretical results analogous to cited work above were obtained. Also as in the cited work above the form of quality criterion on which this close-loop control is optimal was constructed.

In this paper, a new approach is successfully addressed to design the state-feedback adaptive stabilizing control law for a class of high-order nonlinear systems in triangular form and with unknown and nonidentical control coefficients, whose stabilizing control has been investigated recently under the knowledge that the lower bounds of the control coefficients are exactly known. In the present paper,without any knowledge of the lower bounds of the control coefficients, based on the adaptive technique and appropriately choosing design parameters, we give the recursive design procedure of the stabilizing control law by utilizing the approach of adding a power integrator together with tuning functions. The state-feedback adaptive control law designed not only preserves the equilibrium at the origin, but also guarantees the global asymptotic stability of the closed-loop states and the uniform boundedness of all the other closed-loop signals.

In this paper, the stabilization strategies of a general nonlinear car-following model with reaction-time delay of the drivers are investigated. The reaction-time delay of the driver is time varying and bounded. By using the Lyapunov stability theory, the sufficient condition for the existence of the state feedback control strategy for the stability of the car-following model is given in the form of linear matrix inequality, under which the traffic jam can be well suppressed with respect to the varying reaction-time delay. Moreover, by considering the external disturbance for the running cars, the robust state feedback control strategy is designed, which ensures robust stability and a smaller prescribed H∞ disturbance attenuation level for the traffic flow. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

The primary CD8 T cell immune response, due to a first encounter with a pathogen, happens in two phases: an expansion phase, with a fast increase of T cell count, followed by a contraction phase. This contraction phase is followed by the generation of memory cells. These latter are specific of the antigen and will allow a faster and stronger response when encountering the antigen for the second time. We propose a nonlinear mathematical model describing the T CD8 immune response to a primary infection, based on three nonlinear ordinary differential equations and one nonlinear age-structured partial differential equation, describing the evolution of CD8 T cell count and pathogen amount. We discuss in particular the roles and relevance of feedback controls that regulate the response. First we reduce our system to a system with a nonlinear differential equation with a distributed delay. We study the existence of two steady states, and we analyze the asymptotic stability of these steady states. Second we study the system with a discrete delay, and analyze global asymptotic stability of steady states. Finally, we show some simulations that we can obtain from the model and confront them to experimental data.

This paper considers the problem of global stabilization by state feedback for a class of high-order nonlinear systems with time-varying delays. Comparing with the existing relevant literature, the systems under investigation allow more uncertainties, to which the existing control methods are inapplicable. By introducing sign function and necessarily modifying the method of adding a power integrator, a state feedback controller is successfully constructed to preserve the equilibrium at the origin and guarantee the global asymptotic stability of the resulting closed-loop system. Finally, two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Saddle-node bifurcations arise frequently in solitary waves of diverse physical systems. Previously it was believed that solitary waves always undergo stability switching at saddle-node bifurcations, just as in finite-dimensional dynamical systems. Here we show that this is not true. For a large class of generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equations with real or complex potentials, we prove that stability of solitary waves does not switch at saddle-node bifurcations. This analytical result is confirmed by numerical examples where both soliton branches are stable at saddle-node bifurcations.

Based on the T-S fuzzy model, this paper presents a new model of non-linear network control system with stochastic transfer delay. Sufficient criterion is proposed to guarantee globally asymptotically stability of this two-levels T-S fuzzy model. Also a T-S fuzzy observer of NCS is designed base on this two-levels T-S fuzzy model. All these results present a new approach for networked control system analysis and design.

The coupled bending-bending-torsional equations of dynamic motion of rotating, linearly pretwisted blades are derived including large precone, second degree geometric nonlinearities and Coriolis effects. The equations are solved by the Galerkin method and a linear perturbation technique. Accuracy of the present method is verified by conparisons of predicted frequencies and steady state deflections with those from MSC/NASTRAN and from experiments. Parametric results are generated to establish where inclusion of only the second degree geometric nonlinearities is adequate. The nonlinear terms causing torsional divergence in thin blades are identified. The effects of Coriolis terms and several other structurally nonlinear terms are studied, and their relative importance is examined.

The coupled bending-bending-torsional equations of dynamic motion of rotating, linearly pretwisted blades are derived including large precone, second degree geometric nonlinearities and Coriolis effects. The equations are solved by the Galerkin method and a linear perturbation technique. Accuracy of the present method is verified by comparisons of predicted frequencies and steady state deflections with those from MSC/NASTRAN and from experiments. Parametric results are generated to establish where inclusion of only the second degree geometric nonlinearities is adequate. The nonlinear terms causing torsional divergence in thin blades are identified. The effects of Coriolis terms and several other structurally nonlinear terms are studied, and their relative importance is examined.

Full Text Available When predicting the nonlinearstability of high-speed spindle system, it is necessary to create an accurate model that reflects the dynamic characteristics of the whole system, including the spindle-bearing joint and spindle-holder-tool joints. In this paper, the distribution spring model of spindle-holder-tool joints was built with the consideration of its dynamic characteristics; the five-DOF dynamic model of the angle contact ball bearing was also established to study the influence of speed and preload on the spindle-bearing joint, both of which were used in the general whole complete spindle system FEM model. The rationality of the model was verified by comparison with the FRF of traditional rigid model and experiments. At last, the influences of speed and cutting force on the nonlinearstability were analyzed by amplitude spectrum, bifurcation, and Poincaré mapping. The results provided a theoretical basis and an evaluating criterion for nonlinearstability prediction and product surface quality improvement.

The safety and stability study on Northeast, North, East, Northwest and Central China power grids had been carried out, which provided technical supports to planning design of regional power grids. By analyzing safety and stability under severe faults in regional power grids, revealed weaknesses on power grid configurations and measures for preventing from loss of stability were presented. In comparison of various schemes of power system safety and stability among parts of power grids, more than two recommended schemes can be chosen as reference in planning design for regional power grids. Considering the safety and stability control measures necessary for each power grids, it is believed the trunk networks of all power grids can fulfill the third criteria of Guideline for Power System Safety and Stability, while the weakness and predominated hydropower may deteriorate safety and stability of power grids. The power grid shall be regulated in line with the variation of boundary conditions.

The SITAN (Sandia Inertial Terrain-Aided Navigation) system was originally developed to provide continuous updating of an inertial navigation system by using radar altimeter measurements of the terrain in conjunction with prestored topographic data in an extended Kalman filter. The basic algorithm performs satisfactorily for limited initial position uncertainties, but can diverge when the position uncertainty is so great that terrain linearity assumptions are significantly violated. An improvement to the basic system is described which considerably increases the region of convergence. The improvement is accomplished by modelling the terrain nonlinearities as Gauss-Markov measurement noise whose statistics and frequency content are adaptively varied as the uncertainty region evolves with time. Theoretical development of this modification is given and results of flight test experiments are presented which verify the ability of this modification to significantly increase SITAN's region of convergence.

A rigorous nonlinearstability result is derived by introducing a suitable generalized energy functional for a magnetized ferrofluid layer heated and soluted from below with magnetic-field-dependent (MFD...

In safety critical systems, the control system is composed of a core control system with a fault detection and isolation scheme together with a repair or a recovery strategy. The time that it takes to detect, isolate, and recover from the fault (fault recovery time) is a critical factor in safety...... of a system. It must be guaranteed that the trajectory of a system subject to fault remains in the region of attraction (ROA) of the post-fault system during this time. This paper proposes a new algorithm to compute the critical fault recovery time for nonlinear systems with polynomial vector elds using sum...

Full Text Available This paper is concerned with delay-dependent stochastic stability for time-delay Markovian jump systems (MJSs with sector-bounded nonlinearities and more general transition probabilities. Different from the previous results where the transition probability matrix is completely known, a more general transition probability matrix is considered which includes completely known elements, boundary known elements, and completely unknown ones. In order to get less conservative criterion, the state and transition probability information is used as much as possible to construct the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and deal with stability analysis. The delay-dependent sufficient conditions are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities to guarantee the stability of systems. Finally, numerical examples are exploited to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Experimental observations performed during dual beam ionospheric HF heating experiments at the High frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) HF transmitter in Gakona, Alaska are used to quantify the relative importance of specific nonlinear interactions that occur within the D region ionosphere. During these experiments, HAARP broadcast two amplitude modulated HF beams whose center frequencies were separated by less than 20 kHz. One beam was sinusoidally modulated at 500 Hz while the second beam was sinusoidally modulated using a 1-7 kHz linear frequency-time chirp. ELF/VLF observations performed at two different locations (3 and 98 km from HAARP) provide clear evidence of strong interactions between all field components of the two HF beams in the form of low and high order interharmonic modulation products. From a theoretical standpoint, the observed interharmonic modulation products could be produced by several different nonlinearities. The two primary nonlinearities take the form of wave-medium interactions (i.e., cross modulation), wherein the ionospheric conductivity modulation produced by one signal crosses onto the other signal via collision frequency modification, and wave-wave interactions, wherein the conduction current associated with one wave mixes with the electric field of the other wave to produce electron temperature oscillations. We are able to separate and quantify these two different nonlinearities, and we conclude that the wave-wave interactions dominate the wave-medium interactions by a factor of two. These results are of great importance for the modeling of transioinospheric radio wave propagation, in that both the wave-wave and the wave-medium interactions could be responsible for a significant amount of anomalous absorption.

Data assimilation technique (adjoint method) is applied to study the similarities and the differences between the Ekman (linear) and the Quadratic (nonlinear) bottom friction parameterizations for a two-dimensional tidal model. Two methods are used to treat the bottom friction coefficient (BFC). The first method assumes that the BFC is a constant in the entire computation domain, while the second applies the spatially varying BFCs. The adjoint expressions for the linear and the nonlinear parameterizations and the optimization formulae for the two BFC methods are derived based on the typical Largrangian multiplier method. By assimilating the model-generated 'observations', identical twin experiments are performed to test and validate the inversion ability of the presented methodology. Four experiments, which employ the linear parameterization, the nonlinear parameterizations, the constant BFC and the spatially varying BFC, are carried out to simulate the M 2 tide in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea by assimilating the TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry and tidal gauge data. After the assimilation, the misfit between model-produced and observed data is significantly decreased in the four experiments. The simulation results indicate that the nonlinear Quadratic parameterization is more accurate than the linear Ekman parameterization if the traditional constant BFC is used. However, when the spatially varying BFCs are used, the differences between the Ekman and the Quadratic approaches diminished, the reason of which is analyzed from the viewpoint of dissipation rate caused by bottom friction. Generally speaking, linear bottom friction parameterizations are often used in global tidal models. This study indicates that they are also applicable in regional ocean tidal models with the combination of spatially varying parameters and the adjoint method.

Wind turbines are increasing in magnitude without a proportional increase of stiffness, for which reason geometrical nonlinearities become increasingly important. In this paper the nonlinear equations of motion are analysed of a rotating Bernoulli-Euler beam including nonlinear geometrical and in...... under narrow-banded excitation, and it is shown that the qualitative behaviour of the strange attractor is very similar for the periodic and almost periodic responses, whereas the strange attractor for the chaotic case loses structure as the excitation becomes narrow-banded. Furthermore...

In this work, a powerful analytical method, called He's Parameter Expanding Methods (HPEM) is used to obtain the exact solution of nonlinear problems in nonlinear vibration. In this work, the governing equation is obtained by using Lagrange method, then the nonlinear governing equation is solved...... analytically by He's Parameter Expanding Methods. It is shown that one term in series expansions is sufficient to obtain a highly accurate solution which is valid for the whole domain. Comparison of the obtained solutions with those obtained using numerical method shows that this method is effective...

An open-cross section thin-walled beam model, already developed by the authors, has been conveniently simplified while maintaining the capacity of accounting for the significant nonlinear warping effects. For a technical range of geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the beam, the response is characterized by the torsional curvature prevailing over the flexural ones. A Galerkin discretization is performed by using a suitable expansion of displacements based on shape functions. The attention is focused on the dynamic response of the beam to a harmonic force, applied at the free end of the cantilever beam. The excitation is directed along the symmetry axis of the beam section. The stability of the one-component oscillations has been investigated using the analytical model, showing the importance of the internal resonances due to the nonlinear warping coupling terms. Comparison with the results provided by a computational finite element model has been performed. The good agreement among the results of the analytical and the computational models confirms the effectiveness of the simplified model of a nonlinear open-cross section thin-walled beam and overall the important role of the warping and of the torsional elongation in the study of the one-component dynamic oscillations and their stability.

The set of controllers stabilizing a linear system is generally non-convex in the parameter space. In the case of two-parameter controller design (e.g. PI control or static output feedback with one input and two outputs), we observe however that quite often for benchmark problem instances, the set of stabilizing controllers seems to be convex. In this note we use elementary techniques from real algebraic geometry (resultants and Bezoutian matrices) to explain this phenomenon. As a byproduct, we derive a convex linear matrix inequality (LMI) formulation of two-parameter fixed-order controller design problem, when possible.

This paper presents an overview of the state of the art in applications of singularity theory to the analysis of generic singularities of controllability of non-linear systems on manifolds. Bibliography: 40 titles.

A set of novel nonlinear variable structure excitation and steam-valving controllers are proposed in this paper.On the basis of the classical dynamic equations of a generator,excitation control and steam valving control are si-multaneously considered.Design of these controllers combines the differential geometry theory with the variable structure controlling theory.The mathematical model in the form of "an affine nonlinear system" is set up for the control design of a large-scale power plant.The dynamic performance of the nonlinear variable structure controllers proposed for a single ma-chine connected to an infinite bus power system is simulated.Simulation results show that the nonlinear variable structure excitation and steam-valving controllers give satisfactory dynamic performance and good robustness.

International audience; This paper focuses on the design of decentralized state observers based on optimal guaranteed cost control for a class of systems which are composed of linear subsystems coupled by non-linear time-varying interconnections. One of the main contributions lies in the use of the differential mean value theorem (DMVT) to simplify the design of estimation and control matrices gains. This has the advantage of introducing a general condition on the nonlinear time-varying inter...

Many existing bottom-up saliency detection methods measure the multi-scale local prominence by building the Gaussian scale space. As a kind of linear scale space, it is a natural representation of human perception. However the Gaussian filtering does not respect the boundaries of proto-objects and smooth both noises and details. In this paper, we compute the pixel level center-surround difference in a nonlinear scale space which makes blurring locally adaptive to the image regions. The nonlinear scale space is built by a efficient evolution techniques and extended to represent color images. In contrast to some widely used region-based measures, we represent feature statistics by multivariate normal distributions and compare them with the Wasserstein distance on l2 norm (W2 distance). From the perspective of visual organization in imaging, many priors are proved to be efficient in global consideration. In order to further precisely locate the proper salient object, we also use the background prior as a global cue to refine the obtained local saliency map. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms 5 recent state of the art saliency detection methods in terms of precision and recall on a newly published benchmark.

This paper introduces a numerical method to estimate the region of attraction for polynomial nonlinear systems using sum of squares programming. This method computes a local Lyapunov function and an invariant set around a locally asymptotically stable equilibrium point. The invariant set is an estimation of the region of attraction for the equilibrium point. In order to enlarge the estimation, a subset of the invariant set defined by a shape factor is enlarged by solving a sum of squares optimization problem. In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed to select the shape factor based on the linearized dynamic model of the system. The shape factor is updated in each iteration using the computed local Lyapunov function from the previous iteration. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown by a few numerical examples.

Abstract: The East African region is characterized by heterogeneous units and by being conflict ridden. Historically the region has been plagued by both the overlay of the Cold war actors resulting in rivalry and intrastate wars, e.g. the conflict between Ethiopia and Somalia in the 1970’s. The end...

Mobile promoters are emerging as a new class of mobile genetic elements, first identified by examining prokaryote genome sequences, and more recently confirmed by experimental observations in bacteria. Recent datasets have identified over 40,000 putative mobile promoters in sequenced prokaryote genomes, however only one-third of these are in regions of the genome directly upstream from coding sequences, that is, in promoter regions. The presence of many promoter sequences in non-promoter regions is unexplained. Here we develop a general mathematical model for the dynamics of mobile promoters, extending previous work to capture the dynamics both within and outside promoter regions. From this general model, we apply rigorous model selection techniques to identify which parameters are statistically justified in describing the available mobile promoter data, and find best-fit values of these parameters. Our results suggest that high rates of horizontal gene transfer maintain the population of mobile promoters in promoter regions, and that once established at these sites, mobile promoters are rarely lost, but are commonly copied to other genomic regions. In contrast, mobile promoter copies in non-promoter regions are more numerous and more volatile, experiencing substantially higher rates of duplication, loss and diversification.

Full Text Available This study investigates near-infrared region Ag2S quantum dots (QDs and their nonlinear optical response under 532 nm nanosecond laser pulses. Our experimental result shows that nonlinear transmission is reduced from 0.084 to 0.04. The observed narrowing behavior of the output pulse width shows superior optical limiting. We discuss the physical mechanisms responsible for the nonlinear optical response of the QDs. The average size of the nanocrystals was 5.5 nm. Our results suggest the possibility of using these Ag2S QDs for photoelectric, biosensor, optical ranging, and self-adaptive technologies.

The problem of the existence of a stable vacuum field in pure QCD is revised. Our approach is based on using classical stationary nonlinear wave type solutions with an intrinsic mass scale parameter. Such solutions can be treated as quantum-mechanical wave functions describing massive spinless states in quantum theory. We verify whether nonlinear wave type solutions can form a stable vacuum field background within the framework of the effective action formalism. We demonstrate that there is a special class of stationary generalized Wu-Yang monopole solutions that are stable against quantum gluon fluctuations.

the spike and drop intensity to several factors and find strong statistical support for relating the consumption to the spike and drop intensity. The model is then used to quantitatively evaluate the effects when modifying the consumption in order to mimic how additional renewables are integrated......Integration of fluctuating renewables like wind and solar power is nowadays a hot topic, but this comes at a cost of decreased stability of the power system. The deterioration often translates into so-called spikes and drops in the electricity spot price, very large (even extreme) deviations from...

Certain numerical methods for initial value problems have as stability function the nth partial sum of the exponential function. We study the stabilityregion, i.e., the set in the complex plane over which the nth partial sum has at most unit modulus. It is known that the asymptotic shape of the part of the stabilityregion in the left half-plane is a semi-disk. We quantify this by providing disks that enclose or are enclosed by the stabilityregion or its left half-plane part. The radius of the smallest disk centered at the origin that contains the stabilityregion (or its portion in the left half-plane) is determined for 1 n 20. Bounds on such radii are proved for n 2; these bounds are shown to be optimal in the limit n ! +1. We prove that the stabilityregion and its complement, restricted to the imaginary axis, consist of alternating intervals of length tending to , as n ! 1. Finally, we prove that a semi-disk in the left half-plane with vertical boundary being the imaginary axis and centered at the origin is included in the stabilityregion if and only if n 0 mod 4 or n 3 mod 4. The maximal radii of such semi-disks are exactly determined for 1 n 20.

Necessary and suffcient conditions for the existence of a Lyapunov function in the Lur'e form to guarantee the absolute stability ofLur' e control systems with multiple non-linearities are discussed in this paper. It simplifies the existence problem to one of solving a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). If those LMIs are feasible, free parameters in the Lyapunov function,such as the positive definite matrix and the coefficients of the integral terms, are given by the solution of the LMIs. Otherwise, this Lyapunov function does not exist. Some sufficient conditions are also obtained for the robust absolute stability of uncertain systems.A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Full Text Available The problem of stability analysis for a class of neutral systems with mixed time-varying neutral, discrete and distributed delays and nonlinear parameter perturbations is addressed. By introducing a novel Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and combining the descriptor model transformation, the Leibniz-Newton formula, some free-weighting matrices, and a suitable change of variables, new sufficient conditions are established for the stability of the considered system, which are neutral-delay-dependent, discrete-delay-range-dependent, and distributed-delay-dependent. The conditions are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs and can be efficiently solved using convex programming techniques. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

A new transient stability margin is proposed based on a new expression of dynamic security region (DSR) which is developed from the existing expression of DSR. Applications of the DSR based transient stability margin to contingency ranking and screening are discussed. Simulations in the 10-machine 39-bus New England system are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed DSR based tran-sient stability margin.

Lyapunov–Krasowskii functionals are used to design quantized control laws for nonlinear continuous-time systems in the presence of constant delays in the input. The quantized control law is implemented via hysteresis to avoid chattering. Under appropriate conditions, our analysis applies to stabiliz

Lyapunov-Krasowskii functionals are used to design quantized control laws for nonlinear continuous-time systems in the presence of time-invariant constant delays in the input. The quantized control law is implemented via hysteresis to avoid chattering. Under appropriate conditions, our analysis appl

The effect of nonlinearity on the free surface wave resonated by an incident flow over rippled beds, which consist of fast varying topography superimposed on an otherwise slowly varying mean depth, is studied using a WKBJ-type perturbation approach. Synchronous, superharmonic and in particular subharmonic resonance were selectively excited over the fast varying topography with corresponding wavelengths. For a steady current the dynamical system is autonomous and the possible nonlinear steady states and their stability were investigated. When the current has a small oscillatory component the dynamical system becomes non-autonomous, chaos is now possible.

The pulsational mode of gravitational collapse (PMGC) in a hydrostatically bounded dust molecular cloud is responsible for the evolution of tremendous amount of energy during star formation. The source of free energy for this gravito-electrostatic instability lies in the associated self-gravity of the dispersed phase of relatively huge dust grains of solid matter over the gaseous phase of background plasma. The nonlinearstability of the same PMGC in an inﬁnite dusty plasma model (plane geometry approximation for large wavelength ﬂuctuation in the absence of curvature effects) is studied in a hydrostatic kind of homogeneous equilibrium conﬁguration. By the standard reductive perturbation technique, a Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation for investigating the nonlinear evolution of the lowest order perturbed self-gravitational potential is developed in a time-stationary (steady-state) form, which is studied analytically as well as numerically. Different nonlinear structures (soliton-like and soliton chain-like) are found to exist in different situations. Astrophysical situations, relevant to it, are brieﬂy discussed.

In this paper we study stability and boundedness in terms of two measures for impulsive control systems. By using variational Lyapunov method, a new variational comparison principle and some criteria on stability and boundedness are obtained. An example is presented to illustrate the efficiency of proposed result.

By Lyapunov functional method, sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of a class of neutral-type systems are discussed in this paper. This work extends some results on the stability of neutral-type systems in the previous papers. Several numerical examples are listed in the end of this paper to confirm our results.

The properties of the nonlinear frequency shift (NFS) especially the fluid NFS from the harmonic generation of the ion-acoustic wave (IAW) in multi-ion species plasmas have been researched by Vlasov simulation. The pictures of the nonlinear frequency shift from harmonic generation and particles trapping are shown to explain the mechanism of NFS qualitatively. The theoretical model of the fluid NFS from harmonic generation in multi-ion species plasmas is given and the results of Vlasov simulation are consistent to the theoretical result of multi-ion species plasmas. When the wave number $k\\lambda_{De}$ is small, such as $k\\lambda_{De}=0.1$, the fluid NFS dominates in the total NFS and will reach as large as nearly $15\\%$ when the wave amplitude $|e\\phi/T_e|\\sim0.1$, which indicates that in the condition of small $k\\lambda_{De}$, the fluid NFS dominates in the saturation of stimulated Brillouin scattering especially when the nonlinear IAW amplitude is large.

It is well-documented that energetic lightning can produce fantastical events with the lower ionosphere. Although the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) transmitter is not as powerful as lightning, it can be used to investigate the nonlinear interactions that occur within the lower ionosphere, many of which also occur during lightning-induced ionospheric events. This paper presents the best experimental results obtained during D-region modification experiments performed by the University of Florida at the HAARP observatory between 2007 and 2014, including ELF/VLF wave generation experiments, wave-wave mixing experiments, and cross-modulation experiments. We emphasize the physical processes important for lightning-ionosphere interactions that can be directly investigated using HAARP.

A study of absolute color on Jupiter from Hubble Space Telescope imaging data shows that the Great Red Spot (GRS) is not the reddest region of the planet. Rather, a transient red cyclone visible in 1995 and the North Equatorial Belt both show redder spectra than the GRS (i.e., more absorption at blue and green wavelengths). This cyclone is unique among vortices in that it is intensely colored yet low altitude, unlike the GRS. Temporal analysis shows that the darkest regions of the NEB are relative constant in color from 1995 to 2008, while the slope of the GRS core may vary slightly. Principal component analysis shows several spectral components are needed, in agreement with past work, and further highlights the differences between regions. These color differences may be indicative of the same chromophore(s) under different conditions, such as mixing with white clouds, longer UV irradiation at higher altitude, and thermal processing, or may indicate abundance variations in colored compounds. A single compound does not fit the spectrum of any region well and mixes of multiple compounds including NH4SH, photolyzed NH3, hydrocarbons, and possibly P4, are likely needed to fully match each spectrum.

The design method for stabilization of nonlinear systems by direct feedback without using evaluation function is shown. This method is a very important controlling method which is the basis for nonlinear system control, and it is expected to be applied to very wide fields. It is made clear that numerical solution is not possible because the number of equations exceeds that of variables in the extended Lyapunov equation which becomes an equation for the design. There is no concept of pole of linear system in nonlinear systems although stabilization of nonlinear system is natural extension of stabilization of linear system in case of using Lyapunov function. Numerical difficulty is avoided by the use of genetic algorithm in the design calculation, and strict designing with finite degree becomes possible as a result. This method can design strictly nonlinear feedback control law of bounded power degree to stabilize globally nonlinear system of odd highest degree polynomial. The effectiveness of this system is shown an instance of numerical calculation. 5 refs., 6 figs.

The current instability is studied in high-temperature superconducting current-carrying elements with I- V characteristics described by power or exponential equations. Stability analysis of the macroscopic states is carried out in terms of a stationary zero-dimensional model. In linear temperature approximation criteria are derived that allow one to find the maximum allowable values of the induced current, induced electric field intensity, and overheating of the superconductor. A condition is formulated for the complete thermal stabilization of the superconducting composite with regard to the nonlinearity of its I- V characteristic. It is shown that both subcritical and supercritical stable states may arise. In the latter case, the current and electric field intensity are higher than the preset critical parameters of the superconductor. Conditions for these states depending on the properties of the matrix, superconductor's critical current, fill factor, and nonlinearity of the I- V characteristic are discussed. The obtained results considerably augment the class of allowable states for high-temperature superconductors: it is demonstrated that there exist stable resistive conditions from which superconductors cannot pass to the normal state even if the parameters of these conditions are supercritical.

The nonlinear evolution of long wavelength non-stationary cross-flow vortices in a compressible boundary layer is investigated and the work extends that of Gajjar (1994) to flows involving multiple critical layers. The basic flow profile considered in this paper is that appropriate for a fully three-dimensional boundary layer with O(1) Mach number and with wall heating or cooling. The governing equations for the evolution of the cross-flow vortex are obtained and some special cases are discussed. One special case includes linear theory where exact analytic expressions for the growth rate of the vortices are obtained. Another special case is a generalization of the Bassom & Gajjar (1988) results for neutral waves to compressible flows. The viscous correction to the growth rate is derived and it is shown how the unsteady nonlinear critical layer structure merges with that for a Haberman type of viscous critical layer.

Nonlinear Powerflow Control Design presents an innovative control system design process motivated by renewable energy electric grid integration problems. The concepts developed result from the convergence of three research and development goals: • to create a unifying metric to compare the value of different energy sources – coal-burning power plant, wind turbines, solar photovoltaics, etc. – to be integrated into the electric power grid and to replace the typical metric of costs/profit; • to develop a new nonlinear control tool that applies power flow control, thermodynamics, and complex adaptive systems theory to the energy grid in a consistent way; and • to apply collective robotics theories to the creation of high-performance teams of people and key individuals in order to account for human factors in controlling and selling power into a distributed, decentralized electric power grid. All three of these goals have important concepts in common: exergy flow, limit cycles, and balance between compe...

An analytical investigation into the nonlinear response of thick functionally graded double-curved shallow panels resting on elastic foundations and subjected to thermal and thermomechanical loads is presented. Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are both graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power-law distribution in terms of volume fractions of constituents. All formulations are based on the classical shell theory with account of geometrical nonlinearity and initial geometrical imperfection in the cases of Pasternak-type elastic foundations. By applying the Galerkin method, explicit relations for the thermal load-deflection curves of simply supported curved panels are found. The effects of material and geometrical properties and foundation stiffness on the buckling and postbuckling load-carrying capacity of the panels in thermal environments are analyzed and discussed.

This paper deals with linear and non-linear control of wind farms equipped with doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG). Both, active and reactive wind farm powers are employed in two independent control laws in order to increase the damping of the oscillation modes of a power system. In this way, it presented a general strategy where two correction terms are added, one by each independent control, to the normal operating condition of a wind farm. The proposed control laws are derived from the Lyapunov approach. Meanwhile for the reactive power a non-linear correction is presented, for the wind farm active power it is demonstrated that the classical proportional and inertial laws can be considered via the Lyapunov approach if wind farms are considered as real power plants, i.e. equivalent to conventional synchronous generation. Finally, some simulations are presented in order to support the theoretical considerations demonstrating the potential contributions of both control laws. (author)

The authors consider a linear (not necessarily time-invariant) stable unity-feedback system, where the plant and the compensator have normalized right-coprime factorizations. They study two cases of nonlinear plant perturbations (additive and feedback), with four subcases resulting from: (1) allowing exogenous input to Delta P or not; 2) allowing the observation of the output of Delta P or not. The plant perturbation Delta P is not required to be stable. Using the factorization approach, the authors obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for all cases in terms of two pairs of nonlinear pseudostate maps. Simple physical considerations explain the form of these necessary and sufficient conditions. Finally, the authors obtain the characterization of all perturbations Delta P for which the perturbed system remains stable.

In this paper we study the long time behavior of a discrete approximation in time and space of the cubic nonlinear Schr\\"odinger equation on the real line. More precisely, we consider a symplectic time splitting integrator applied to a discrete nonlinear Schr\\"odinger equation with additional Dirichlet boundary conditions on a large interval. We give conditions ensuring the existence of a numerical soliton which is close in energy norm to the continuous soliton. Such result is valid under a CFL condition between the time and space stepsizes. Furthermore we prove that if the initial datum is symmetric and close to the continuous soliton, then the associated numerical solution remains close to the orbit of the continuous soliton for very long times.

wave disturbances in stable and unsta- ble parallel flows , Part 2. The development of a solution for plane Poiseuille and plane Couette flow . J. Fluid...unstable parallel flows , Part 1. The basic behaviour in plane Poiseuille flow . J. Fluid Mech. 9, 353-370. Watson, J. 1960 On the nonlinear mechanics of...vortices which a particular boundary layer may support. According to a linearised theory vortices within a high G6rtler number flow can take one of

In the context of forecasting temperature and pressure fields in high-intensity focussed ultrasound, the accuracy of predictive models is critical for the safety and efficacy of treatment. In such fields inertial cavitation is often observed. Classically, estimations of cavitation thresholds have been based on the assumption that the incident wave at the surface of a bubble was the same as in the far-field, neglecting the effect of nonlinear wave propagation. By modelling the incident wave as...

the traditional mathematical induction method. Indeed, we develop a new method to study the globally asymptotic stability by introducing a series of specific inequalities. Moreover, an example and its simulations are given to illustrate the theoretical result.

this dissertation is to study issues related to controllability and stabilization of a class of underactuated mechanical systems with symmetry. In...this dissertation issues related to controllability and stabilization of a class of underactuated mechanical systems was studied. For the class of...control for underactuated mechanical systems on Lie group. In Proc. of European Control Conference, 1997. 132 [Bullo and Lewis, 1996] F. Bullo and A.D

International audience; Event-triggered control is a ressource-aware sampling strategy that updates the control value only when a certain condition is satisfied, which denotes event instants. Such a technique allows to reduce the control computational cost and communications. In this paper, a quaternion-based feedback is developed for event-triggered attitude stabilization of a quadrotor mini-helicopter. The feedback is derived from the universal formula for event-triggered stabilization of g...

It is well-established that the coordination of muscular activity in the lumbopelvic region is vital to the generation of mechanical spinal stability. Several models illustrating mechanisms by which dysfunctional neuromuscular control strategies may serve as a cause and/or effect of low back pain have been described in the literature. The term "core stability" is variously used by clinicians and researchers, and this variety has led to several rehabilitative approaches suggested to affect the neuromuscular control strategies of the lumbopelvic region (e.g. "stabilization exercise", "motor control exercise"). This narrative review will highlight: 1) the ongoing debate in the clinical and research communities regarding the terms "core stability" and "stabilization exercise", 2) the importance of sub-grouping in identifying those patients most likely to benefit from such therapeutic interventions, and 3) two protocols that can assist clinicians in this process.

A spirobifluorene-bridged donor/donor chromophore, 2,7-bis-(4-(N,N-diphenylamino)phen-1-yl)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (SPF-TP), was found to combine excellent transparency in the near UV–visible region (λ{sub cut-off} ≤ 420 nm), large two-photon absorption cross-section (4.5 × 10{sup 3}GM) and high thermal stability (T{sub d} = 501 °C). In comparison to the reported two-photon absorption molecules, SPF-TP represents the best thermal stability so far described in the literature. The main electronic factors explaining the high two-photon absorption activities of SPF-TP were analyzed by theoretical calculations. Cyclic voltammograms were employed to explore the causes of the excellent transparency of SPF-TP. It was found that the spiroconjugation effect is responsible for the excellent nonlinearity/transparency/thermal stability trade-off in SPF-TP. In addition, SPF-TP is also a good two-photon induced blue fluorescent material with high fluorescence quantum yield (Φ = 0.90, in THF). - Highlights: • We report a molecule exhibiting excellent transparency. • The two-photon absorption cross-section is as large as 4.5 × 10{sup 3}GM. • The molecule exhibits excellent thermal stability. • The molecule is a good two-photon induced blue fluorescent material. • The spiroconjugation effect explains the excellent properties.

Full Text Available The aim of this paper is to determine the stabilizing PID parametric region for multivariable systems. Firstly, a general equivalent transfer function parameterization method is proposed to construct the multiloop equivalent process for multivariable systems. Then, based on the equivalent single loops, a model-based method is presented to derive the stabilizing PID parametric region by using the generalized Hermite-Biehler theorem. By sweeping over the entire ranges of feasible proportional gains and determining the stabilizingregions in the space of integral and derivative gains, the complete set of stabilizing PID controllers can be determined. The robustness of the design procedure against the approximation in getting the SISO plants is analyzed. Finally, simulation of a practical model is carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.

We propose a novel generic approach for generation of pulsed light in the visible spectrum based on sum-frequency generation between the high circulating intra-cavity power of a high finesse CW laser and a single-passed pulsed laser. For demonstration, we used a CW 1342 nm laser mixed...... with a passively Q-switched 1064 nm laser to generate pulsed light at 593 nm. Light sources in the yellow spectral region have several applications, e.g. dermatology, laser displays and flow cytometry. Traditionally, copper-vapor lasers at 578 nm and dye lasers are used in this spectral region. These are however...... as the CW light source, using a folded cavity to achieve tight focussing in the non-linear crystal which was a 11 mm long PPKTP. The pulsed light source was a Nd:YVO4 laser emitting at 1064 nm using Cr:YAG as a passive saturable absorber, resulting in a pulse length of 100 ns and a repetition frequency...

This paper extends Riccati transfer matrix method to the transient and stability analysis of large scale rotor-bearing systems with strong nonlinear elements, and proposes a mode summation-transfer matrix method, in which the field transfer matrix of a distributed mass uniform shaft segment is obtained with the aid of the idea of mode summation and Newmark beta formulation, and the Riccati transfer matrix method is adopted to stablize the boundary value problem of the nonlinear systems. In this investigation, the real nonlinearity of the strong nonlinear elements is considered, not linearized, and the advantages of the Riccati transfer matrix are retained. So, this method is especially applicable to analyze the transient response and stability of large-scale rotor-bear systems with strong nonlinear elements. One example, a single-spool rotating system with strong nonlinear elements, is given. The obtained results show that this method is superior to that of Gu and Chen (1990) in accuracy, stability, and economy.

particle of matter can occupy only one position in space. On the basis of this law, it is not difficult to show that a rigid body can assume only one...Em+n) is desired, with m > 0, then all terms of O(em +n) must be retained in the expanded equations. With this in mind , we address some other...concerning the 3 nonlinear non-planar response of inextensional beams and of beam-like structures. These include modal interactins both in the

We develop generalized coherent states for a class of nonlinear oscillators with position-dependent effective mass in the context of the Gazeau-Klauder formalism and discuss some of their properties. In order to investigate the temporal evolution we first explore the statistical properties by means of weighting distribution and the Mandel parameter. It is found that the temporal evolution of the coherent states may exhibit the phenomena of quantum revivals and fractional revivals for a particular choice of position-dependent mass oscillator.

Avoiding laser frequency drifts is a key issue in many atomic physics experiments. Several techniques have been developed to lock the laser frequency using sub-Doppler dispersive atomic lineshapes as error signals in a feedback loop. We propose here a two-beam technique that uses non-linear properties of an atomic vapor around sharp resonances to produce sub-Doppler dispersive-like lineshapes that can be used as error signals. Our simple and robust technique has the advantage of not needing either modulation or magnetic fields.

Inverse theorems to Lyapunov's direct method are established for quasihomogeneous systems of differential equations with impulsive action. Conditions for the existence of Lyapunov functions satisfying typical bounds for quasihomogeneous functions are obtained. Using these results, we establish conditions for an equilibrium of a nonlinear system with impulsive action to be stable, using the properties of a quasihomogeneous approximation to the system. The results are illustrated by an example of a large-scale system with homogeneous subsystems. Bibliography: 30 titles. (paper)

The method of Galerkin approximations is employed to prove the existence of a strong global (in time) solution of a doubly nonlinear parabolic equation in an unbounded domain. The second integral identity is established for Galerkin approximations, and passing to the limit in it an estimate for the decay rate of the norm of the solution from below is obtained. The estimates characterizing the decay rate of the solution as x→∞ obtained here are used to derive an upper bound for the decay rate of the solution with respect to time; the resulting estimate is pretty close to the lower one. Bibliography: 17 titles.

Tensys have a long-established background in the shape generation and load analysis of architectural stressed membrane structures Founded upon their inTENS finite element analysis suite these activities have broadened to encompass lighter than air structures such as aerostats hybrid air-vehicles and stratospheric balloons Winzen Engineering couple many years of practical balloon design and fabrication experience with both academic and practical knowledge of the characterisation of the non-linear viscoelastic response of the polymeric films typically used for high-altitude scientific balloons Both companies have provided consulting services to the NASA Ultra Long Duration Balloon ULDB Program Early implementations of pumpkin balloons have shown problems of geometric instability characterised by improper deployment and these difficulties have been reproduced numerically using inTENS The solution lies in both the shapes of the membrane lobes and also the need to generate a biaxial stress field in order to mobilise in-plane shear stiffness Balloons undergo significant temperature and pressure variations in flight The different thermal characteristics between tendons and film can lead to significant meridional stress Fabrication tolerances can lead to significant local hoop stress concentrations particularly adjacent to the base and apex end fittings The non-linear viscoelastic response of the envelope film acts positively to help dissipate stress concentrations However creep over time may produce lobe geometry variations that may

The nonlinear Hoek-Brown failure criterion was introduced to limit analysis by applying the tangent method. Based on the failure mechanism of double-logarithmic spiral curves on the face of deep rock tunnels, the analytical solutions of collapse pressure were derived through utilizing the virtual power principle in the case of pore water, and the optimal solutions of collapse pressure were obtained by using the optimization programs of mathematical model with regard of a maximum problem. In comparison with existing research with the same parameters, the consistency of change rule shows the validity of the proposed method. Moreover, parametric study indicates that nonlinear Hoek-Brown failure criterion and pore water pressure have great influence on collapse pressure and failure shape of tunnel faces in deep rock masses, particularly when the surrounding rock is too weak or under the condition of great disturbance and abundant ground water, and in this case, supporting measures should be intensified so as to prevent the occurrence of collapse.

In this paper, some sufficient conditions for the stability of system dx/dt =A(t)x +f(t,x) are given which are based on the assumption of that the eigenvalues of the leading principal submatrix of order r and its complementary submatrix of order m in A(t) all have negative real parts.

In this paper, we investigate the stability of feedback interconnections between a linear system and a Duhem hysteresis operator, where the linear system satisfies either counter-clockwise (CCW) or clockwise (CW) inputoutput dynamics [1], [13]. More precisely, depending on the input-output dynamics

In this paper, we consider the problems of semi- global and global internal stabilization of a class of sandwich systems consisting of two linear systems with a saturation element in between. We develop here low-and-high gain and scheduled low-and-high gain state feedback design methodolo- gies to s

We show that nuclear states lying at the edge of stability may show enormously enhanced response to small perturbations. For example, a 0.1% change in the strength of the strong nucleon-nucleon interaction can cause almost a hundred times bigger change in the resonance energy of the 0+_2 state of 12C.

Atmospheric Single Column Models (SCMs) provide an efficient modeling framework for regional studies. In these models, vertical profiles of temperature and humidity evolve in response to diabatic interactions within the column and adiabatic tendencies produced by by the large scale circulation. The adiabatic tendencies are either prescribed or neglected and,thus, decoupled from the diabatic tendencies. This decoupling can lead to the rapid development of unrealistic atmospheric states. In particular, the temperature profiles from a SCM can become unrealistic enough within just a few hours to render any meaningful diagnosis difficult, if not impossible. We have implemented an SCM framework in which the adiabatic tendencies are coupled to the column physics through a formula that links vertical temperature advection to the time-history of diabatic heating rates. The parameters in any such coupling formula should depend in principle depend upon the zonal, meridional, vertical and temporal scales of the heating. In practice, however, we find that the dependence is weak over a wide range of zonal and meridional scales; the vertical dependence is accounted for in the formula itself, as is also the temporal dependence by considering the time history of the diabatic forcing rather than just instantaneous values. The effect of this dynamical coupling on the behavior of an SCM extracted from the NCAR CCM is investigated here. Because of the coupling, only the mean temperature and humidity profiles for the environment in which the column is embedded need to be explicitly specified; all other quantities are generated by the model. The coupled SCM is tested in tropical conditions during the TOGA COARE period. Control runs and 100-member ensembles, in which initial temperature and humidity profiles are perturbed, are run for environmental conditions taken from 85 sets of observed temperature and humidity profiles. The same data are also used to force the original, dynamically

This paper deals with the problem of non-fragile robust stabilization and H{sub {infinity}} control for a class of uncertain stochastic nonlinear time-delay systems. The parametric uncertainties are real time-varying as well as norm bounded. The time-delay factors are unknown and time-varying with known bounds. The aim is to design a memoryless non-fragile state feedback control law such that the closed-loop system is stochastically asymptotically stable in the mean square and the effect of the disturbance input on the controlled output is less than a prescribed level for all admissible parameter uncertainties. New sufficient conditions for the existence of such controllers are presented based on the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) approach. Numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the developed techniques.

We study a diffusive predator-prey model describing the interactions of small fishes and their resource base (small invertebrates) in the fluctuating freshwater marsh landscapes of the Florida Everglades. The spatial model is described by a reaction-diffusion system with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response. Uniform bound, local and global asymptotic stability of the steady state of the PDE model under the no-flux boundary conditions are discussed in details. Sufficient conditions on the Turing (diffusion-driven) instability which induces spatial patterns in the model are derived via linear analysis. Existence of one-dimensional and two-dimensional spatial Turing patterns, including rhombic and hexagonal patterns, are established by weakly nonlinear analyses. These results provide theoretical explanations and numerical simulations of spatial dynamical behaviors of the wetland ecosystems of the Florida Everglades.

This short paper considers the parameter-identification problem of general discrete-time, nonlinear, multiple input-multiple output dynamic systems with Gaussian white distributed measurement errors. Knowledge of the system parameterization is assumed to be available. Regions of constrained maximum likelihood (CML) parameter identifiability are established. A computation procedure employing interval arithmetic is proposed for finding explicit regions of parameter identifiability for the case of linear systems.

In this paper the nonlinearstability of two-phase core-annular flow in a pipe is examined when the acting pressure gradient is modulated by time harmonic oscillations and viscosity stratification and interfacial tension is present. An exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equations is used as the background state to develop an asymptotic theory valid for thin annular layers, which leads to a novel nonlinear evolution describing the spatio-temporal evolution of the interface. The evolution equation is an extension of the equation found for constant pressure gradients and generalizes the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation with dispersive effects found by Papageorgiou, Maldarelli & Rumschitzki, Phys. Fluids A 2(3), 1990, pp. 340-352, to a similar system with time periodic coefficients. The distinct regimes of slow and moderate flow are considered and the corresponding evolution is derived. Certain solutions are described analytically in the neighborhood of the first bifurcation point by use of multiple scales asymptotics. Extensive numerical experiments, using dynamical systems ideas, are carried out in order to evaluate the effect of the oscillatory pressure gradient on the solutions in the presence of a constant pressure gradient.

We extend the Hyperboloidal Foliation Method (which we recently introduced) and then apply it to the Einstein equations of general relativity. We are able to establish the nonlinearstability of Minkowski spacetime for self-gravitating massive scalar fields, while existing methods only apply to massless scalar fields. First of all, by analyzing the structure of the Einstein equations in wave coordinates, we exhibit a nonlinear wave-Klein-Gordon model defined on a curved background, which is the focus of the present paper. For this model, we prove here the existence of global-in-time solutions to the Cauchy problem, when the initial data have sufficiently small Sobolev norms. A major difficulty comes from the fact that the class of conformal Killing fields of Minkowski space is significantly reduced in presence of a massive scalar field, since the scaling vector field is not conformal Killing for the Klein-Gordon operator. Our method relies on the foliation (of the interior of the light cone) of Minkowski spac...

This paper is devoted to the stability analysis of both the true solution and the numerical approximations for nonlinear systems of neutral delay differential equations(NDDEs) of the general form y′(t)=F(t，y(t)，G(t，y(t-τ-(t))，y′(t-τ-(t)))). We first present a sufficient condition on the stability and asymptotic stability of theoretical solution for the nonlinear systems. This work extends the results recently obtained by A.Bellen et al. for the form y′(t)=F(t，y(t)，G(t，y(t-τ-(t))，y′(t-τ-(t)))). Then numerical stability of Runge-Kutta methods for the systems of neutral delay differential equations is also investigated. Several numerical tests listed at the end of this paper to confirm the above theoretical results.

In this study, the concept of global exponential ε-stabilization is introduced and the robust stabilization for a class of nonlinear systems with single input is investigated. Based on Lyapunov-like Theorem with differential and integral inequalities, a feedback control is proposed to realize the global stabilization of such nonlinear systems with any pre-specified exponential convergence rate. The guaranteed exponential convergence rate can be also correctly estimated. This result can be straightforwardly applicable to some famous chaotic systems. Besides, it will be proven that a single and linear control, with lower dimensions than that of the states, can realize the global exponential stability of some famous chaotic systems. Finally, comparisons of our main results with recently published results as well as numerical examples with circuit realization are provided to show the effectiveness and superiority of the obtained results.

This paper presents a fast terminal sliding mode based control design strategy for a class of uncertain underactuated nonlinear systems. Strategically, this development encompasses those electro-mechanical underactuated systems which can be transformed into the so-called regular form. The novelty of the proposed technique lies in the hierarchical development of a fast terminal sliding attractor design for the considered class. Having established sliding mode along the designed manifold, the close loop dynamics become finite time stable which, consequently, result in high precision. In addition, the adverse effects of the chattering phenomenon are reduced via strong reachability condition and the robustness of the system against uncertainties is confirmed theoretically. A simulation as well as experimental study of an inverted pendulum is presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique.

The high power amplifiers transfer characteristics nonlinearities can have a negative influence on the overall system performance. This is also true for the TESLA superconducting cavities accelerating field parameters control systems. This Low Level Radio Frequency control systems uses microwave high power amplifiers (like 10 MW klystrons) as actuators in the mentioned feedback loops. The amplitude compression and phase deviations phenomena introduced to the control signals can reduce the feedback performance and cause electron beam energy instabilities. The transfer characteristics deviations in the Free Electron Laser in Hamburg experiment have been investigated. The outcome of this study together with the description of the developed linearization method based on the digital predistortion approach have been described in this paper. Additionally, the results from the linearization tool performance tests in the FLASH's RF systems have been placed.

Full Text Available This paper addresses the observer-based control problem of spacecraft rendezvous with nonuniform sampling period. The relative dynamic model is based on the classical Clohessy-Wiltshire equation, and sensor nonlinearity and sampling are considered together in a unified framework. The purpose of this paper is to perform an observer-based controller synthesis by using sampled and saturated output measurements, such that the resulting closed-loop system is exponentially stable. A time-dependent Lyapunov functional is developed which depends on time and the upper bound of the sampling period and also does not grow along the input update times. The controller design problem is solved in terms of the linear matrix inequality method, and the obtained results are less conservative than using the traditional Lyapunov functionals. Finally, a numerical simulation example is built to show the validity of the developed sampled-data control strategy.

Full Text Available In this contribution, we discuss the stress, deformation, and snap-through conditions of thin, axi-symmetric, shallow bimetallic shells of so-called parabolic-conic and plate-parabolic type shells loaded by thermal loading. According to the theory of the third order that takes into account the balance of forces on a deformed body, we present a model with a mathematical description of the system geometry, displacements, stress, and thermoelastic deformations. The equations are based on the large displacements theory. We numerically calculate the deformation curve and the snap-through temperature using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and a nonlinear shooting method. We show how the temperature of both snap-through depends on the point where one type of the rotational curve transforms into another.

This paper studies nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations where the flux function does not depend Lipshitz continuously on the spatial position x. By properly adapting the 'doubling of variable' device due to Kruzkov and Carrillo, the authors prove a uniqueness result within the class of entropy solutions for the initial value problem. They also prove a result concerning the continuous dependence on the initial data and the flux function for degenerate parabolic equations with flux function of the form k(x)f(u), where k(x) is a vector-valued function and f(u) is a scalar function of the unknown scalar function u(x,t) which is sought.

We consider the optical fiber channel modeled by the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with zero dispersion and additive Gaussian noise. Using the Feynman path-integral approach for the model, we find corrections to conditional probability density function, output signal distribution, conditional and output signal entropies, and the channel capacity at large signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate that the correction to the channel capacity is positive for large signal power. Therefore, this correction increases the earlier calculated capacity for a nondispersive nonlinear optical fiber channel in the intermediate power region.

Positron acoustic waves (PAWs) in an unmagnetized electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasma consisting of mobile cold positrons, immobile positive ions, q-nonextensive distributed electrons and hot positrons are studied. The standard reductive perturbation technique (RPT) is applied to derive the Kurteweg-de Vries (KdV) and modified Kurteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equations for PAWs. Variations of the total energy of the conservative systems corresponding to the KdV and mKdV equations are presented. Using numerical simulations, effect of the nonextensive parameter (q), temperature ratio (σ) of electrons to hot positrons and speed (U) of the traveling wave are discussed on the positron acoustic solitary wave solutions of the KdV and mKdV equations. Considering an external periodic perturbation, the perturbed dynamical systems corresponding to the KdV and mKdV equations are analyzed by employing phase orbit analysis, Poincare section and Lyapunov exponent. The frequency (ω) of the external periodic perturbation plays the role of the switching parameter in chaotic motions of the perturbed PAWs through quasiperiodic route to chaos. This work may be useful to understand the qualitative changes in the dynamics of nonlinear perturbations in auroral acceleration regions.

Full Text Available We prove some properties of the first eigenvalue for the elliptic system −Δpu=λ|u|α|v|βv in Ω, −Δqv=λ|u|α|v|βu in Ω, (u,v∈W01,p(Ω×W01,q(Ω. In particular, the first eigenvalue is shown to be simple. Moreover, the stability with respect to (p,q is established.

A 5.4-kilobase region containing the origin of replication and stability maintenance of the 44-kilobase Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid pTAR has been mapped and characterized. Within this region is a 1.3-kilobase segment that is capable of directing autonomous replication. The remaining segment contains the stability locus for maintenance of pTAR during nonselective growth. Approximately 35% of pTAR shares sequence homology with pAg119, a 44-kilobase cryptic plasmid in grapevine strain 1D1119. However, no homology was detected between pTAR DNA and several Ti plasmids or several other small cryptic plasmids in many A. tumefaciens strains. A recombinant plasmid containing the origin of replication and stability maintenance region of pTAR was compatible with pTiC58, pTi15955, and pTi119 and incompatible with pAg119. A new compatibility group, Inc Ag-1, is discussed.

The nonlinear asymptotic stability of Lane-Emden solutions is proved in this paper for spherically symmetric motions of viscous gaseous stars with the density dependent shear and bulk viscosities which vanish at the vacuum, when the adiabatic exponent {γ} lies in the stability regime {(4/3, 2)}, by establishing the global-in-time regularity uniformly up to the vacuum boundary for the vacuum free boundary problem of the compressible Navier-Stokes-Poisson systems with spherical symmetry, which ensures the global existence of strong solutions capturing the precise physical behavior that the sound speed is {C^{{1}/{2}}}-Hölder continuous across the vacuum boundary, the large time asymptotic uniform convergence of the evolving vacuum boundary, density and velocity to those of Lane-Emden solutions with detailed convergence rates, and the detailed large time behavior of solutions near the vacuum boundary. Those uniform convergence are of fundamental importance in the study of vacuum free boundary problems which are missing in the previous results for global weak solutions. Moreover, the results obtained in this paper apply to much broader cases of viscosities than those in Fang and Zhang (Arch Ration Mech Anal 191:195-243, 2009) for the theory of weak solutions when the adiabatic exponent {γ} lies in the most physically relevant range. Finally, this paper extends the previous local-in-time theory for strong solutions to a global-in-time one.

In this article we present the results of a broad numerical investigation on the stability of breather-type solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, specifically the one- and two-mode breathers for an unstable plane wave, which are frequently used to model rogue waves. The numerical experiments involve large ensembles of perturbed initial data for six typical random perturbations. Ensemble estimates of the "closeness", Calligraphy">A(t), of the perturbed solution to an element of the respective unperturbed family indicate that the only neutrally stable breathers are the ones of maximal dimension, that is: given an unstable background with N unstable modes, the only neutrally stable breathers are the N-dimensional ones (obtained as a superimposition of N simple breathers via iterated Backlund transformations). Conversely, breathers which are not fully saturated are sensitive to noisy environments and are unstable. Interestingly, Calligraphy">A(t) is smallest for the coalesced two-mode breather indicating the coalesced case may be the most robust two-mode breather in a laboratory setting. The numerical simulations confirm and provide a realistic realization of the stability behavior established analytically by the authors.

A 5.4-kilobase region containing the origin of replication and stability maintenance of the 44-kilobase Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid pTAR has been mapped and characterized. Within this region is a 1.3-kilobase segment that is capable of directing autonomous replication. The remaining segment contains the stability locus for maintenance of pTAR during nonselective growth. Approximately 35% of pTAR shares sequence homology with pAg119, a 44-kilobase cryptic plasmid in grapevine strain 1D11...

Air quality models which are nowadays used for a wide range of scopes (i.e. assessment, forecast, planning) see their intrinsic complexity progressively increasing as better knowledge of the atmospheric chemistry processes is gained. As a result of this increased complexity potential non-linearities are implicitly and/or explicitly incorporated in the system. These non-linearities represent a key and challenging aspect of air quality modeling, especially to assess the robustness of the model responses. In this work the importance of non-linear effects in air quality modeling is quantified, especially as a function of time averaging. A methodology is proposed to decompose the concentration change resulting from an emission reduction over a given domain into its linear and non-linear contributions for each precursor as well as in the contribution resulting from the interactions among precursors. Simulations with the LOTOS-EUROS model have been performed by TNO over three regional geographical areas in Europe for this analysis. In all three regions the non-linear effects for PM10 and PM2.5 are shown to be relatively minor for yearly and monthly averages whereas they become significant for daily average values. For Ozone non-linearities become important already for monthly averages in some regions. An approach which explicitly deals with monthly variations seems therefore more appropriate for O3. In general non-linearities are more important at locations where concentrations are the lowest, i.e. at urban locations for O3 and at rural locations for PM10 and PM2.5. Finally the impact of spatial resolution (tested by comparing coarse and fine resolution simulations) on the degree of non-linearity has been shown to be minor as well. The conclusions developed here are model dependent and runs should be repeated with the particular model of interest but the proposed methodology allows with a limited number of runs to identify where efforts should be focused in order to

The present paper is devoted to the investigation of various properties of transition fronts in one-dimensional nonlocal equations in heterogeneous media of ignition type, whose existence has been established by the authors of the present paper in a previous work. It is first shown that transition fronts are continuously differentiable in space with uniformly bounded and uniformly Lipschitz continuous space partial derivative. This is the first time that space regularity of transition fronts in nonlocal equations is ever studied. It is then shown that transition fronts are uniformly steep. Finally, asymptotic stability, in the sense of exponentially attracting front-like initial data, of transition fronts is studied.

We consider an image motion stabilization system embedded into a space telescope for a scanning optoelectronic observation of terrestrial targets. Developed model of this system is presented taking into account physical hysteresis of piezo-ceramic driver and a time delay at a forming of digital control. We have presented elaborated algorithms for discrete filtering and digital control, obtained results on analysis of the image motion velocity oscillations in the telescope focal plane, and also methods for terrestrial and in-flight verification of the system.

Specific DNA-protein interactions are fundamental processes of living cells. We propose a new model of DNA-protein interactions to explain the site specificity of the interactions. The hydrogen bonds between DNA base pairs and between DNA-protein peptide groups play a significant role in determination of the specific binding site. We adopt the Morse potential with coupling terms to construct the Hamiltonian of coupled oscillators representing the hydrogen bonds in which the depth of the potentials vary in the DNA chain. In this paper we investigate the stability of the model to determine the conditions satisfying the biological circumstances of the DNA-protein interactions.

The dynamic behaviors and stability of the linear guide considering contact actions are studied by multi-term incremental harmonic balance method (IHBM). Based on fully considering the parameters of the linear guide, a static model is developed and the contact stiffness is calculated according to Hertz contact theory. A generalized time-varying and piecewise-nonlinear dynamic model of the linear guide is formulated to perform an accurate investigation on its dynamic behaviors and stability. The numerical simulation is used to confirm the feasibility of the approach. The effects of excitation force and mean load on the system are analyzed in low-order nonlinearity. Multi-term IHBM and numerical simulation are employed to the effect of high-order nonlinearity and show the transition to chaos. Additionally, the effects of preload, initial contact angle, the number and diameter of balls are discussed.

In this paper, we discuss the problem of solving nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations (KGEs), which are especially useful to model nonlinear phenomena. In order to obtain more exact solutions, we have derived different fourth- and sixth-order, stable explicit and implicit finite difference schemes for some of the best known nonlinear KGEs. These new higher-order methods allow a reduction in the number of nodes, which is necessary to solve multi-dimensional KGEs. Moreover, we describe how higher-order stable algorithms can be constructed in a similar way following the proposed procedures. For the considered equations, the stability and consistency of the proposed schemes are studied under certain smoothness conditions of the solutions. In addition to that, we present experimental results obtained from numerical methods that illustrate the efficiency of the new algorithms, their stability, and their convergence rate.

Using the modified method of multiple scales, the nonlinearstability of a truncated shallow spherical shell of variable thickness with a nondeformable rigid body at the center under compound loads is investigated. When the geometrical parameter k is larger,the uniformly valid asymptotic solutions of this problem are obtained and the remainder terms are estimated.

We discuss the stability properties of the solutions of the general nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in 1+1 dimensions in an external potential derivable from a parity-time ({ P }{ T }) symmetric superpotential W(x) that we considered earlier, Kevrekidis et al (2015 Phys. Rev. E 92 042901). In particular we consider the nonlinear partial differential equation \\{{{i}} {\\partial }t+{\\partial }x2-{V}-(x)+| \\psi (x,t){| }2κ \\} \\psi (x,t)=0, for arbitrary nonlinearity parameter κ. We study the bound state solutions when {V}-(x) =(1/4-{b}2){\\text{sech}}2(x), which can be derived from two different superpotentials W(x), one of which is complex and { P }{ T } symmetric. Using Derrick's theorem, as well as a time dependent variational approximation, we derive exact analytic results for the domain of stability of the trapped solution as a function of the depth b 2 of the external potential. We compare the regime of stability found from these analytic approaches with a numerical linear stability analysis using a variant of the Vakhitov-Kolokolov (V-K) stability criterion. The numerical results of applying the V-K condition give the same answer for the domain of stability as the analytic result obtained from applying Derrick's theorem. Our main result is that for κ \\gt 2 a new regime of stability for the exact solutions appears as long as b\\gt {b}{{crit}}, where {b}{{crit}} is a function of the nonlinearity parameter κ. In the absence of the potential the related solitary wave solutions of the NLSE are unstable for κ \\gt 2.

Point process generalized linear models (PP-GLMs) provide an important statistical framework for modeling spiking activity in single-neurons and neuronal networks. Stochastic stability is essential when sampling from these models, as done in computational neuroscience to analyze statistical properties of neuronal dynamics and in neuro-engineering to implement closed-loop applications. Here we show, however, that despite passing common goodness-of-fit tests, PP-GLMs estimated from data are often unstable, leading to divergent firing rates. The inclusion of absolute refractory periods is not a satisfactory solution since the activity then typically settles into unphysiological rates. To address these issues, we derive a framework for determining the existence and stability of fixed points of the expected conditional intensity function (CIF) for general PP-GLMs. Specifically, in nonlinear Hawkes PP-GLMs, the CIF is expressed as a function of the previous spike history and exogenous inputs. We use a mean-field quasi-renewal (QR) approximation that decomposes spike history effects into the contribution of the last spike and an average of the CIF over all spike histories prior to the last spike. Fixed points for stationary rates are derived as self-consistent solutions of integral equations. Bifurcation analysis and the number of fixed points predict that the original models can show stable, divergent, and metastable (fragile) dynamics. For fragile models, fluctuations of the single-neuron dynamics predict expected divergence times after which rates approach unphysiologically high values. This metric can be used to estimate the probability of rates to remain physiological for given time periods, e.g., for simulation purposes. We demonstrate the use of the stability framework using simulated single-neuron examples and neurophysiological recordings. Finally, we show how to adapt PP-GLM estimation procedures to guarantee model stability. Overall, our results provide a

Full Text Available This paper first discusses about Electric arc.the model used in this paper is a dynamic model shown with a differential equation. Then, this model is placed with power system model which is considered as a thevenin equivalent model,and whole dynamical system is derived. With linearization around the work places, Jacobian Matrix of the system was extracted and the stability of equilibrium points specificed. Infollow, restricted equation to the central manifold for system intended is achieved and using that, possible events in the system the critical values of the bifurcation parameter is investigated. At the end, the analytical result is compared with the simulation results obtained with the help of Auto software. Finally, we will conclude that, using one type of the analytical method, one split of power system is characterized, but with using Auto software, all bifurcation are identified in the power system.