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Thursday, May 24, 2012

Aircraft Tu-95

Tu-95 (NATO: Bear - «The Bear") - a Soviet turboprop
strategic bomber, bomber, one of the fastest propeller-driven aircraft, which
became a symbol of the Cold War. Only put into service and mass production
of turboprop bomber. Designed to engage cruise missiles important objects
in the rear of the enemy at any time and under any weather conditions. In
operation since 1956.

In the early 1950s, the international political situation demanded speedy
strengthening the strategic component of the Soviet Air Force. July 11,
1951 the Resolution of the Council of Ministers № 2396-1137, and the
corresponding order of the Ministry of Aviation Industry number 654, according
to which the Tupolev design bureau was instructed to begin designing a new
high-speed long-range bomber.

Supervisor on Tupolev was appointed NI Bazenkov. Already 15 July 1951
under the leadership of SM Jaeger at OKB began to develop tactical and
technical requirements for new aircraft and its schematic design. In
August 1951 preparations began working drawings and construction of a future
bomber of its timber layout. October 31, 1951 the commission approved the
Air Force developed the project in December of that year, was approved and
adopted by that time built layout.

In the aviation plant № 156 was laid down on the construction of two copies of
the airplane, "95". By September 20, 1952 one of these aircraft
was disassembled, transported to the airfield of Zhukovsky, collected and
transferred to the factory tests.

November 12, 1952 the crew of a test pilot AD Hop made its first flight on the
prototype, "95-1."

The tests successfully continued until May 11, 1953, when during the 17th test
flight on an airplane as a result of the destruction of third gear the engine
caught fire, ending in disaster. The prototype bomber crashed near the
town of Noginsk before reaching the airfield. Of the eleven people on
board were able to escape only seven. Killed the captain, flight engineer,
navigator and an expert on vibration test.

Almost two years of training and continued refinement of the second instance of
the aircraft, which were given new, more advanced engines TV-12, later renamed
in honor of the designer, Nikolai Kuznetsov, the NC-12.

The prototype "95-2" made its first flight February 16, 1955 (crew
test pilot Nyuhtikova MA). Flight testing continued until January 20,
1956. Over the full year, "95-2" has made 68 test flights (total
flight time - 168 hours).

In 1956, the Tu-95 began to arrive in the part of long-range aircraft (in the
newly formed 409 th Uzin TBAP at the airport in the Ukraine). In 1957, the
aircraft has been upgraded and the Tu-95M version accepted for service. Until
1958 the Kuibyshev Aviation Factory built 50 bombers Tu-95 and Tu-95M (some of
them - in ways nuclear weapons carriers Tu-95A and Tu-95MA), and then moved to
the issue of modification of the Tu-95K (missile). Tu-95 was the basis for
the development of aircraft such as the scout-pointer Tu-95RTS, long-range
anti-aircraft Tu-142 passenger jet Tu-114 AEW aircraft Tu-126. In mid-1960
release Tu-95K has been discontinued.

In the late 1970s on the basis of long-range anti-aircraft Tu-142M was a new
plane, known as the Tu-95MS. In 1981, put into production at Kuibyshev
Aircraft Works. In 1982-1983 the Tu-95MS bombers began arriving in the
1023rd TBAP (Semipalatinsk), replacing the oldest in the Air Force Tu-95M. By
the mid-1980s, new submarines replace the Tu-95K and added Tu-95K-22 in 1006,
182 and 1226-m TBAP (Uzin, Mozdok, Semipalatinsk). By the early 1990s, one
was fully formed four regiments of strategic bombers in the 37th VA VGK (SN). Serial
production of the Tu-95MS was completed in 1992 (just released 90 aircraft).