The Corporate Interests Fueling Conflict in Palestine

We hear little from the Palestinian Occupied Territories other than endless
death, destruction, poverty and despair. While living standards plummet and
the death toll rockets, it's difficult to imagine a less likely place to make
a profit. But despite the humanitarian catastrophe unfolding, and the international
attention it receives, names familiar on high streets across Europe and the
US are actively supporting Israel's Occupation of Palestine through their business
practices--threatening to prolong the misery of the Palestinian people for many
years to come.

US multinational construction company Caterpillar has already been singled
out, supplying as it does militarised bulldozers to the Israeli Army through
the US's Foreign Military Sales programme. A recent War on Want fact-finding
mission confirmed the opinion of an Israeli military Commander, who calls these
monster machines the "key weapon" in the ever deepening colonisation
of the West Bank. The litany of war crimes which these machines are used for
is shocking--demolition of many thousands of Palestinian homes, sometimes on
top of their residents; destruction of agricultural land, water supplies, olive
and fruit trees; and the construction of the illegal Separation Wall currently
encircling Palestinian towns, separating communities and turning the West Bank
into a giant prison. All the more incredible then that Caterpillar's Chief Executive
Jim Owens can still claim that "Caterpillar does well by doing good around
the world."

The disinvestment campaign against Caterpillar has sparked debate about corporate
complicity throughout many Christian Churches; not least in the Church of England
where the General Synod has voted to begin a divestment process, while the Church
Commissioners who hold the purse strings, have taken a different decision. In
recent weeks the Methodist Church and the United Church of Toronto have voted
to use the threat of divestment as a means of pressuring companies to stop aiding
the Israeli Occupation.

But Caterpillar is not alone. Many people in the south-east of England will
have fond memories (or otherwise) of French train operator Connex, which ran
trains out of London for seven years before its franchise was terminated for
poor financial management in 2003. Less well known is that one year earlier
Connex, as the main partner in a consortium called CityPass, was awarded a $500
million contract to construct a light railway system connecting Jerusalem to
illegal Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem. Road works around Jerusalem's
Old City mark the beginning of the project which is planned for completion in
2020. Connex will run the operation of the line for the next 30 years, while
another French partner, Alstrom, will provide the trains.

The problem is that East Jerusalem is not part of Israel. Indeed the Palestinians
hope one day to have their capital here. But Israel's illegal annexation of
East Jerusalem threatens this dream. Israel has encouraged 200,000 settlers
to move into East Jerusalem over the last 40 years, and is currently using these
settlements, along with the Separation Wall, to cut off East Jerusalem, on which
tens of thousands of Palestinians depend, from the rest of the West Bank. Israeli
peace campaigner and Nobel peace prize nominee Jeff Halper told us that Israel's
current expansion programme around East Jerusalem will render any future Palestinian
state "nothing more than a set of non-viable Indian reservations."

The Israeli government has openly stated that the Connex train system is part
of this same programme, to complete the annexation of East Jerusalem. During
the contract signing ceremony in July 2005 then Prime Minister Ariel Sharon
pointed out that this project would help "strengthen Jerusalem, construct
it, expand it and sustain it for eternity as the capital of the Jewish people
and the united capital of the State of Israel". The implications of this
project are not limited to the suffering being endured now, but effect the possibility
of peace in the Middle East for many years to come.

Unless we live on a bus route in Wales, few of us are likely to run into Connex.
Central to our lives, however, is the behaviour of high street supermarkets.
Lack of control over what we eat is becoming an everyday concern for many. Here
again, one look at the reality of Israel's Occupation is enough to suggest that
supermarkets aren't telling the whole truth about their Israeli produce.

Israel's settlements across the West Bank represent the physical reality of
the Occupation for most Palestinians on a daily basis. These settlements violate
the Geneva Conventions and their creation is a war crime according to the Rome
Statute of the International Criminal Court. Yet settlements increased at breakneck
speed during the Oslo 'Peace' Process, stealing Palestinian land and resources,
and fuelling Palestinian resentment and the ultimate breakdown of Oslo. Today
there are 450,000 settlers who use, together with Israel proper, 83% of the
West Bank's water resources, travelling on racially segregated roads which link
them to Israel. Across the West Bank cranes and bulldozers symbolise on-going
settlement expansion today.

The Jordan Valley, along the eastern edge of the West Bank, is a particularly
large-scale settlement production centre. While Palestinians are cramped into
small villages surrounded by closed military zones, vast plantations of fruit
and vegetables line the landscape. One million palm trees have been planted
here, and the Israeli government plans another million in the next five years.
The partially state-owned export company, Agrexco, is responsible for 60-70%
of all produce exported from settlements, and business is booming, with a 72%
increase in revenue in the last 3 years. 60% of all Israeli vegetables exported
end up in the UK. We met one Palestinian farmer growing aubergines in his field,
but they were dry and shrivelled compared to the well watered grapes that grow
on the plantations which have been stolen from him. "The water these plants
constantly get comes through my land", he tells us, "yet I have no
access to it."

Despite the centrality of the settlements as an obstacle to peace, supermarkets
like Tesco and Waitrose still stock products grown or manufactured in West Bank
settlements, labelling them as 'Made in Israel'. Although EU law requires settlement
produce to be labelled for customs purposes, so as not to apply preferential
tariffs to them, this information is not passed onto the customer, so settlement
produce ends up mixed in with other Israeli fruit, vegetables and herbs.

Some products are easier to spot. Wine produced by Barkan is on sale in Tesco,
Selfridges and Sainsbury's, while snacks by Beigel & Beigel are sold in
Tesco and Waitrose, skin care products by Ahava in Selfridges and soda stream
products from Mishor Adumin in Argos. All of these products are manufactured
wholly or largely in West Bank settlements. Wine from the Golan Heights, Syrian
territory also occupied in 1967, is even more openly marketed in Tesco, Waitrose
and Sainsbury's.

Finally Caterpillar isn't the only construction company involved in house demolitions.
Though their operations are particularly egregious--given that they supply the
Israeli Army with military equipment--we saw Volvo, Daewoo and JCB bulldozers
or cranes being used, on a contractual basis, in the construction of the Separation
Wall.

It is not sufficient for companies to live in a world of glowing corporate
social responsibility reports, while shutting their eyes and ears to the actual
impact of their operations. It is inconceivable that Connex and Caterpillar
are unaware of the fact that their products and services are being used to implement
war crimes. If Tesco and Waitrose are unaware of the origins of the products
they sell as 'Made in Israel', it is because they haven't asked the requisite
questions of their suppliers. And if Volvo, Daewoo and JCB's management don't
know that their bulldozers are being used in violation of international law,
they cannot have spent even half a day in the Occupied Territories. In any case,
they all know now.

It is up to all of us to use our power to pressure these companies to change
the ways in which they operate. But ultimately the problem is not purely a corporate
one. After the First World War the idea of war profiteers disgusted a generation
scarred by the horror of conflict. Today wars happen a little further a field,
but the consequences are no less devastating. Corporations continue to profit
from this suffering in overt and subtle ways. To stop this we need to turn against
the economic orthodoxy of our age--that the profit motive is the sole element
on which social organisation should be based. Corporations do not need more
freedom, but less.