Here is what I would do: Reinstall, and make sure the entire Linux system is on a single partition (no fancy LVM stuff), perhaps with a modest swap partition. Simplifying the partition table may (or may not) resolve the issue.
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samiamFeb 3 '14 at 8:12

What is in your /etc/fstab and what is when you type blkid? Sorry, but I don't have on my keyboard key simmilar to '.
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enedilFeb 3 '14 at 8:18

It would be helpful to see the grub configuration
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UVVFeb 3 '14 at 8:21

In my configuration, I have only set the root (/) and home (/home) partitions.
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EglimaFeb 3 '14 at 8:56

@UUV: I am not too familiar with grub, how can I view the grub configuration?
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EglimaFeb 3 '14 at 8:58