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WEEKLY i - 10 .'A T.'l STATE JOURNAL VOLUME XXXIV. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 27, 1844. NUMBER 31, I'Um.ialIKU EVMltV WKHNKSIJAV MOKN1NU, I BY SCOTT & IKESUALK. O.tice corner of Wgu and Tiiwh .liccts, HulUci' Building TEKIIH. Two D01.1.AHS rr.n aiiiiiim, which munt invuriubly I paid iii ndvaiu-o, frco of pulsgil ur of pel ccnlugo to A seiil or Collector.. ..... , The Joumul i. ulsn published daily dunns; llie lemon ol ho l.i!giluira, und umcc 0 wis It tliu remmmlar of Ibe year for ja 1 and three lime, a week, yuvly, for J4. Snccdi of Mr. Stewart of Peim, Dclivorcd " tllQ IIoll8 of Kepresen la lives of the United States, January lli, 18-id, in favor of Wei-turn lmprovuniPtiU. Mr. -STEW ART, of Pennsylvania, said that although ho was not from a We-turn Hmto, yet the fclatc from which ho enrno wna as deooly intcruatod in the improvement of tho Wuilorn waters as any Ktate in tho Union. Those ureal riveia were in fact but extensive feeders of those great lines ot improvement, connecting the Atlantic and Weatcrn Btntcs, made by Pennsylvania and Maryland, at an expense of nine fifty millions of dollars, constituting a debt which now rented with mountain weight upon their people. These Htato works were alike national in their character and their benefits, and ought to have been made by national moans, and would have been so made, with all the other great work of internal improvement which had involved the States of this Union in a foreign debt of WOO millions of dollars, hud that great "American Sys- tern" of policy been continued which had just boeu denounced in such emphatic terms as "an imposition an exploded humbug," by the gontlemon from Missouri, (Mr. Jauiiesnn. Mr. Kennedy, of Indians, and Mr. Ficklin, of Illinois,) and over the "explosion" of which they had exulted in so much triumph. True, it had been involved in the explosion, it had throwed back this great century from the point where it would have now been, had tint "explosion" not occurred, and hud involved the States (and among the rest the States represented by these gentlemen) in debts and embarrassments from which (if this denounced system was not speedily restored) they would not recover for a century to come. The effect of the Van JUtrtn tnjstcm on Uie Interior and Western Statu Mr. S. affirmed, anil could demonstrate, that by adupting Mr. Van Huron's system, the whole of the great Interior and Western States would bo now, henceforth and forever, excluded from all participation in the beirtits of the disbursement of tho ample revenues of this Government, amounting to some 1.0 or :0 millions a year. Without the power of internal improvement, (a power which Mr. Van Uureu expressly denied,) where, ho would usk these gentlemen, is the object? Ho culled on them to point their lingt.-r to a singlo 0110 in the interior and Western States, on which any portion of the natioiml revenue could be conctitulioimlly nxpended. Look at the great heads of appropriation: Whero is jour navy and army, fur which 17 millions is this year required? Whoro your forts and fortifications? your light-houses, buoys, and beacon; your seawall, breakwaters and harbors; your cusiom-hoiiKes, foreign intercourse, suneving and Indinn departments? Were any of these in thu interior? None not one. These were thu objects on which tho revenues of the Government had been expended, poured out like water; mid, without this power, must continue to be expended, now and forever. The people of tho groat interior and tho West were thus doomed to bo lax payers, Viewers of wood and drawers of water," nu they had been for tho seaboard. Their money, like their vast rivers, might continue to flow in ample streams to the Atlantic; and by denying this beneficent power, joii blot out the sun which alone could exhale and carry back in refreshing showers, any portion of these vast contributions to the interior sources from which llieycome. Draw a line Hvo miles from tho seaboard, the externa! boundary of the United States, and ho believed he w uld be safe in saying that there had not been expended, out of three hundred millions, as much within this circle since the explosion of "the N big system" by tho Maysville mul Wabash river vetoes, nJ li-irl I.P.M. fYIHiflfl: firit 011(1 ItlSt. Ill tllO Cft'C tion oi these buildings for tho accommodation of Congress; and even that amount small as it was, must (according to Mr. Van Huron) havo been expended in violation of the ('imnliliiiion. How gentlemen, who advocated these appropriations, and represented the interior and Western Stiles, sj deeply interested in tho policy of intemnl improvement could, consistently with "their principles," support Mr. Van Huron, who expressly denied their constitutionality, he was at a loss to imagine. (Hero Mr. Wentworth inquired by what authority Mr. S. charged Mr. Van Huron with denying this power. Mr. S. said on tho authority of his own signature, not once, but repeatedly; and. for the gentium nil's information, ho would read a pnra- frraph from Mr. Van Huron's letter of the tth Oclo-ier, ISi'i, to a committee at tho Shocco springs, North Carolina, where, in answer to a request for Ins opinion on tho subject of internal improvements lie says: "Tho broadest and host diviion, is that, which distinguishes between the direct construction of works of internal improvements by the General Government, and pecuniary assistance given by it to such ns are undertaken by oihcrs." "The Federal Government," says Mr. Van Buren, "does not, in my opinion, punsess the power specified; nor can it derive it from the assent of the States in which such works are lo be constructed." Ho afterwards expressly approved the voto of the bill subscribing stock to the Maysvillo road, which was of the second das' of works specified above, and ho also approved of tho veto of the bill for the improvement of tho navigation of the Wabash river; and, upon Iho same principles, wero ho now President, ho would bo bound by his oith to veto this vory appropriation. Vet, gentlemen advocate this measure wuh groat teal and ability, and ho fully concurred in all they said in its favor; but how could 1 1 icy, at the same time, and in tho same breath, ndvocalo tho election of Mr. Van Huron to an o lli co in which bo would bo obliged to veto this appropriation if it passed this was tho dilemma. Tho gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Ji-tneson) has told us that tho Wings are "a par ty without principles," and that his party had principles, and that they will "stond or fall by them." Now, the gentleman must give up his man or his principles Im cannot support them both; they are nutipodcs. Which will he do? Ho says they will stand by their pnuciyJt very well! (his may do; hut with tho won they are sure lo fall. The Whigx, the gentleman says, are tho "tag ends of all parties;" thev livu in Mas houses." Ho lias tilked very learnedly about "coons, hard cider, cider barrels," &c, and informs us that tho Whigs have been weighed in the balance and found wanting a small mi tike. It was Mr. Van Huron who wu in ItMO, weighed in tho balance and found wantinc; ami he would now predict that, in 1H I, ho would he found lighter than ho was then, because tho effects of his principles and measures had been severely felt; snd were noip lietter utnlcmooii ny Hie people, uui theso wore small matters. Ha would now give his attention to something more im;ortntii. Whilst denouncing, the "American Sjslem," which had been called the Ctay system, reference bad been made to tho antagonist system tho I 'm liurtn system, which, in IrMO, bad been established on its ruins. This wan a great question; it lay at the very foundation of tho national prosperity, and he was glad of the opportunity now presented of calling public attention to it. The Van fiurtn and Whig System contrattcd. What were these two nposito systems of national policy? and what had been their ctlects on the country? To understand this, it was necessary In refer to t few historical facts, which ho would do very briefly. Tho groat object of tho American System was the protection of . jWnmri and fonign industry by a protective tarilT, and the disbursement of thesiiryitu rtvrnut (which alwnys had and always would result from such a tariff) for the improvement of the internal condition of the country. The collection of ruvenuo for ono great object notional protection, and its dis bursement for another equally important object nn-tionnl vnnrowments, In ten yours this system bnd paid off more than 133 millions of wnr debt, and left in Irtt'j, when that debt was discharged, an annual surplus of about 1H millions of dollars. Now was it not manifest, that if this policy had been continued, and tho surplus annually applied to internal improvements by direct appropriations and subscriptions of stock to works of a national character, made under State authority, the amount expended sinco INfJ(aU lowing no increase of revenue from the increaso of wealth and population) would have now amounted in tho aggrcgato to more Uian'i.V) millions of dollars, and would havo accomplished all, and mora than all, tho States havo since done, without involving this Government or the States in ono dol lar of debt ! pro-moting m tho same time a just and equal expenditure of revonuo in the interior and Western States, in the execution of great system of improvements, winch, for defence in wnr, would be vastly superior to forts and fortifications, by promoting rapid concentration and movement! and if war never occurred, Uwso improvements wpw, worth nthv cost for tho peaceful purposes of facilitating and cheapening intercourse among the States tho transportation of the mails, and of uniting and binding together the distant parts of our extended country in the strong and enduring bonds of interest and intercourse. Such would havo been soino of the happy fruits of this "exploded American System." He well remembered that, in I the Committee on Iloads and Canals, of wl ijh he wus then a momher, seeing the period oftholinil payment of the public debt rapidly ap proaching, wuen a large surplus revenue woutu do left unemployed in the Treasury to crush tho turitf and destroy the country, with a view to prepare for that event in time, a bill was reported laying the foundation of a system of internal improvement co extensive with tho whole country, to absorb this surplus of 16 millions a year, utter tho payment of the public debt, by organizing 9 board of internal improvement to survey all the great lines uf internal communication, and have run pa and pluns of the whole, with estimates ot their costs, in readiness, when the debt was paid, on which to expend this sur plus. This bill was passed with the powerful aid of the distinguished Senator from South Carolina, (Mr. MclJullie; and six years thereafter, when these surveys and estimates, under the diieetioii of Mr. Calhoun, wero nearly completed, and thu public debt nearly discharged, a bill for the subscription of stock in the Maysville road a link in a great chain of communication proposed to connect tho Ohio river Willi the gull ot Mexico was pasricu, and tins was tho occasion seized on by Mr. Vun Huron, as he would show, to break down this wholo system, and thus force bacK upon iheTrcnsury this enormous surplus, which could bo in no otherwise expended, sod thereby break down the tariff, destroy our manufactures, ruin agriculture and the mechanic arts, inundate the country with foreign goods, and export all the hard money in the country, to pay for them, and throw upon tho Slates the burden of making these works of internal improvement which they wore moreover lempled to undertake by tho promise of the distribution among them of this animal surplus of Id millions of dollars. Hut the first distribution of 15 millions had not yet been paid over, when Mr. Vun Huren wus elected 1'residenl. who immediately call ed an extra session of Congress, recommended tho repeal of the law, and withheld from tho States moro thannino millions of dollars, the 4 lit iiistulment of tho first distribution. The States thus tempted buying commenced their systems of improvement, wero obliged to go on, still hoping for tho promised aid, until they found themselves involved m a debt of 200 millions, which this Government was bound in good fuith lo pay out of the proceeds of the public lands or the surplus revenue, which would again rcpull from a protective tar ill', if that policy wero again adopted and adhered to. Now, wus it not clear that if tho Whig system had been maintained, and thu annual surplus of 18 mil lions had been applied to internal improvements sinco llic payment of the debt in ItSW, all tho works inado by tho States would havo been accomplished, and much moro without debt ur embarrassment of any kind. Ho would now prove, that Mr. Vun Huren hud himself contrived thu whole plan of breaking down this system which would ere now, have elevated this country to a point of prosperity and power without a parallel, and stmstituteil la own rioxtruc-tivo system which had crushed this great nation in spito of all its youthful energies, down to that de graded condition, xlruggliiig amid bankruptcies, and repudiation, State, national, and individual, in which it was found when I he lust VVlflg Congress assembled and from which that Congreos had succeeded in partially relieving it by pa-sing the Tariff of Mi and thus restoring the protective policy. To prove that .Mr. Van Huren wus, in (act, iho author of u II this mis chief, lie referred lo his letter to Sherrnd Williams of Kentucky, dated at Albany, the Hth of August, irMd; in which ho say., that ulthough he doubted the constitutional pocr of Conirresg to distribute the surplus revenue among the Mutes, yet, that he had "favored thu idea as the oidy means of arresting internal improvements by the General Government;" that General Jackson hud concurred in this opinion, and he hud accordingly recommended this plan of distribution; not in one, but in twomessnges, in which all the objections now urged by Mr. Van Huron's friends against it, were fully and satisfactorily answered; and he would commend this message to the attention of gentlemen now opposed to distribution. They would find this policy most ably advocated and defended in Gen. Jackson's annual mranngo, dated 7ih December, 1K)0. in which the fear was expressed, that Congress would appropriate the money to local objects, and to avoid this, he recommended that it be given to tho Slates, that they might approprnto it to national objects. Compnrativt trptnititurrnoftht Van Dunn ami WRif W'rm u i jtraf tons. When Mr. Van Huren came into power, he found tho Treasury with a surplus of LvJH.ltht, ft om which, deduct unavailable funds an J amount deposited with the States, and it still loll an available surplus of upwards of Hi millioni of dollars, to which add proceeds of bunk slock, &c. sold, upwards of 8i millions, making about U'i miliums of dollars of surplus funds; yet with all this, and more than III millions a year of revenue, ho left thu Treasury more th in 8 millions of dollars in debt, besides outstanding debts and claims amounting to several millioni more. On tho other hind, Mr. Ad-inn (when this oxploded and denounced American System was in operation) with six millions a year less revenue, paid ..ii i i i . . ..n: ..c .1. 11 . I uii 111 'i juorn, uiYiirus 111 '! minions ui uoiniraoi uiu war debt, and left a surplus of about six millions in Iho Treasury when ho retired. During Mr. Adams' Administration, (when liberal appropriations ncro mide for internal improvements,) the whole expenses of Govermunnt amounted on an nveruge, to about millions a year, while, during Mr. Van Huron's administration, lliey were increased to an average of more than millions per year, and in one yetir to mora than 1 millions, uoarly three times the amount expended by Mr, Adams. This wus tho "economy and reform of Mr, Van Huron's administration, and it was the benefits and blessings of this system gentlemen teem so anxious to havo restored. (Older, order, from all sides,) Theso wero "spoils" worth having; and no wonder, they worn somewhat impatient tuhavotheui again; theso wore facts which he wus prepared to tV4tuhlih by official documents; and such was the difference between the Van Jltircn and the American or Whig systems. (Hero was a gen-eral cull to order and much confusion.) As this seemed to ho an unpleasant topic, Mr. S. said he would turn his attention to something t o. What tfulast Vug ( uiigminnre ttnnfarthr country, Sevenl gentlemen bad inquired 'what tho last Congress the W7ng Congress had done for tho country. If in order ho would tell them: They h id restored the iril tonal prosperity by restoring thu protective policy. Tho beneficial effects of the Whig tariff of M'i, wero already seen, felt, and acknowledged throughout this country it had revived manufactures, created new nmrke;s fn the farmers, and hud given employment to luborers every whore it had turned tho b ilanco of foreign Undo from admit 'H) millions, tho average balance fr the lust 10 years, againit us, lo a vory large balance in our favor, (with (treat Hnltin alouu tho halunce lust year was I'UiOl (XtO in our favor) resulting in the importation of '1 milli ms of sp'vio, which hid found its way into the hanks, enabling litem to renin no specie payment; thus restoring q sound currency, and reducing the rales of interest Iroin 4 or 5 per cent, per annum. And whilst it bud conferred all those benefits, and many more upon the country, it hud at tho same timo increased the revenue from customs, ns appeared by the late Treasury report, finm $1 VliXsH in IHO, to 18,17tM'J0'iti IHI'J, and an estimated revenue from rustums of 'H) millions for thu current year, (and ho had no doubt it would exceed by it or -I millions this estimate,) making an increase of revenue in 18 It), of more than six millions amis hilf of dollars. Vet tho Globe and Mr. Van Huron's friends here nro crying out, "rrdnco tho tariff to increase iho revenue;" when wo hud too much revenue, the cry was, "reduce Iho revenue.' So whether we have too much or too little, the remedy was tho same; reduce Iho tariff! re-dura the tariff!! This was tho great panacea, tho Van Huren nostrum, to cure nil diseases. (Hero was another general cill to order.) Mr. S, said he was but answering iho inquiry "nbat had the late Whig Congress done for the country?" He whs "bowing thu important fact, thattltny hud done mora for tho country thin had been dono lor the last M years that they had lifted tho country up from the degraded and prostrate condition in which Mr. Van Huren had left it; and if gentlemen did not wish this question answered, they ought not lo have asked it. But Ibis was not nil tho Whig Congress hid dono for tho country. Hy tho introduction of pcnninny mid retrenchment, they had reduced thu expenditures of Government from J i :tt t,M4-l tho amount appropriated for H, to about VJ millions lust year. It had revived the policy, (wholly abandoned by Mr. Van Huron) of improving the navigation of tho Western water, and had appropriated $ I.VMM'O lo theso objects. (Hero Mr. H. was interrupted by the inquiry, where is Iho evidence that Mr. V ill Huron had abandui ed this pulicy ? ) Where is the evidence heroin tho records of this House. In tho lust two years of Mr. Van Huron's administration, the eit- mates of tho officers in charge of these works, were withheld by the Secrelury contrary to bis uniform practice, and contrury to his duty, unless ordered so hy tho Kxecutivc. Hut Mr. Van Huron had not only withheld tho estimates, and thus stopped the appro priatious for these objects, but he had actually sold tho snug bouts, and tho toots on the Cumberland mini, as the end and final winding up of all these ope rations; and whilst he thus withheld every dollar from the interior und tho West, lie more than doubled the expenditures of Government. (Here was an other cull to order by Mr. Cave Johnson and others sustained by the Chair.) Why hud tho gentlemen not called his friend from Missouri (Mr. Jumc-son)to order, when he applied all sorts of epithets to tho Whigs ? Called them the "fug ends" a pur-ty without principles, bunk and nuti-bank, tariff and unti-taruT, abolition and anti-abolition this was all in order. Ho had told us, that for "principles the Whigs had substituted counery, coon-skins, hard-cider, cider-barrels, canoes, and carousels." They had promisod much, and performed nothing. These wore the gentleman's words os reported; yet this wus all in order porfectly in order but to show in reply what tho Whig principles wore, and their effects was ull out of order. He it so. And as it was out of order to say any thing against Mr. Vun Huren, he would have lo submit and pass to something else. Loitk to Tariff and retrenchment for meant. It hud been asked by several gentlemen, where was the monoy to come from lo make the improvements? If in order, he would answer the iuqury. Ho would, in tho first place, adhere to the present protective tariff, which would soon yield an ample surplus, by muking tho people prosperous, and furnishing lli u m tho ineuns to purchuso and consume foreign imports; the revenue would always be in exact proportion to the ability of the people, to purchuso and consume foreign goods. And in tho next place, ho would gut the money for their Wustcrn improvements, by retrenching tho expenditures on the seaboard, on the army, and navy, ami furls, and fortifications. Tho increased expenditures for the war and naval departments, had been enormous, and ought to bo greatly reduced. Tho uvurugc expenditures for the war und navy departments durini; Mr. Adams' administration, amounted to only $7,750,000 per year; during Mr. Van Huron's administration, they had increased to 10,87,000 per year, and this year there is required upwards of J7 millions ! ! In these branches, there ought lo ho a reduction of five or six millions at least. Ho would never vote for duties on tea or colle, ur otherwise tux his constituents, to keep up these enormous and useless establishments usulcsi, and worse than useless. In peace and in war, a good system of roads and canals, with tho citizens, soldiers, and volunteers, rapidly concentrated and moved without fatigue to any point wuere uieir presence uii'ht Do required, was a more efficient and available system of dt.fence for such a country as this, than ull tho forts, and fortifications, and standing armies, that could bo raised. For this he had authority of the most distinguished men thai ever gr.iced tho War Depirtmcnt of this Government und among tfiem, Calhoun, (.Vim, and Xneer, whoso reports on this subject were most uble and conclusive. With tho rail roads sinco constructed fiom this city, North and South, wh it hostile foot could havo ever profaned this cnpitol ? It 'tore the enemy could havo got out lo sea from H iltimore, the forces from Hostou, New York, Philadelphia, and Ihllimore could havo been concentrated, with all their munitions of war, at this point for iU defence. Of what use were your forts the enemy went round them, and captured and burnt your city almost without resislnnce ; and with Iho present improvements in tho West, Upper Canada would have been taken without a struggle. He would, therefore, take from tho army and navy, ami from forts and formications, enough to inako ull tle?so Western improvements, without increasing Iho expenditures of the Govern-iut, or the burdens of the people. Tho claims of theso Western rivers to the fostering care of the Government wero peculiar and imperative. These rivers were tliu internal concerns it no Stato in the Union, they were external to all the Slates they were boundaries ; like the Atlantic. they washed the shores of in my St ilea, but passed through the territory of none. No State, therefore, r had, or ever would appropriate a dollar lor their improvement; hence they must bo improved by the Government, or remain forever as they now arc. Tho subject would, ho hoped, be referred to a select committee, or the Comuultpo on Hoads and Canals, and not to tho Ways and Means, who have, we are informed, refused lo appropriate ono do, lar to internal improvements of any kind, no doubt on constitutional grounds, as two-thirils id' that committee wore friends lo Mr. Van Huron, who denied the power, as had been shown. The Constitutional pomr cansittrnd. How any constitutional luwycr could ucnv to this Government the power to improve rivers and make roads and canals, ho had always been at a loss to comprehend. This power was just as clear, and sustained on presisely the sauiu grounds, as the pow er to erect a tort, improve a harbor, or to purchase a mail bag. Tho Constitution gave Congress no express authority lo do any of thuso things; they wero incidental tu tho power of defence of "regulating commerce" and "establishing post oftices." which power necessarily carried with them the means of their own execution ; but the erprtat authority was given to Congress to pass all luws necessary and proper to carry into effect theso powers. Hence the ower to defend thu country uuvo conirrcss the riffht to purchase cannon and erect forts as tho means of m l l I r i . ui'iciiiu. niMt, ii a r-uiroau or can ui was lounu io hi as available for defence as a fort, had they not as good a right to adopt it? Who could doubt it? The Constitution says "Congress may regulate commerce with foreign nations and among tho Stales." What right huvu you to build a ship or improves harbor? The Constitution is silent upon tho subject. it is ticcuiiso ynu nave the power lo regulate commerce with Jureifsn nations. And was it not manifest that you have precisely tho sumo power to regulate commerce among the States by improveing rivers or harbors, ur other means equally appropriate to this end? Most clearly. To have specified in the Constitution all the means, would havo been to make a rode and not a constitution. You have whole systems of legislation in relation to thu transportation of the mail ? Whence the right to pass all these luus imposing lines and forfeitures.'' It could only be sustained as incidental to the power conferred on Congress, "to establish post offices and poslroad." Now if roads were as necessary to tran-iport tho mail as coaches and contractors, mail bags, Aic, Ins Congress not tho same right to construct them as means to accomplish (his end ? Certainly they bad. Thus each grant of power carried with it as a necessary and indesponsablo incident, the means of its mvn execution. The military pow- ir carried tho right lo construct military roads; the commercial power, commercial roads, and the post olticc power, pol roads. W ilhout iho right lo adopt means, these grants of power would bu idlo and nugatory, Iti-u it is proposed to construct a road or cnn il, tho question for Congress to consider is, whether it is necessary and pnunir as a means ot executing any of the constitutional power of Con gress r iK-innce in war, commerce m peace, or tho transportation of Iho mail, if its fitness to any of these ends was admitted, the question was settled, an I this right to construct it was undoubted. This was briefly Ins view of the constitutional power of Congress over the whole subject, and it was fully sustained by Chief Justice IV lAn.itti.i. in (lie iiin-iutitlelivcri'tl in tlio cnan of MrCullorh mul MnrylntiJ. The Tnrijjf nml I'rvUHtoiu Mnny ppiitleniPii, hihI tho giMiili'inaii froin South Cirolinti (Mr. llot.MKHlmnoiiir tliu runt, hud iuiru- tliicctl tlir? Unt)' into tin. iliitriiiMtoii. Tliitt((i-iulc-man, ttdilreiMintf hiut'i'lf to tht Wustorn mciiibur, luttl mitrirt'.tcil tli.tt if tln'V woulil tn willi liimtotle- Htroy tlm tnnlV, liutvoulil mipmrlaiiiiiirDpriiitionfor tlio Miitiiuiiit. A a W'cttU'rn mitu, ho rojecti'il tho trontit'in'ttrii tirollWril mil. Ilo woulil not eminent Mutt tlio goutlcoinn Hlioiihl ilrivo a rlng'or oW into their vital,, even though ho niiht ho willing to vote pittniicu In ny their funeral cxpeimeit. i lt win utterly oiipoite-ii to the intriHliiction ol the ift'iillcinnn'ii wooden homo iulo Iho Wept Ho wiNhcil nono of tlio uontleitutn'ii lielit on giicli comliiion,. I lo woulil my to linn, "union ll.nmunetilonn ferenteK," Ifilwl irontloiuitn e.oiiltl pour out tho whole renoiirceii of tho iiovernineiit into iho iveM it woulil bo no coincU' Hiition, not tho tytho of a oompiMiHntion, for thu injury iIm repoil of tho titrill' wuulil Indict upon Unit (front aurii'llllliral country. Ilo deeply rtyretleil to co that tho Ilepreiienla-lives of .onto of tho Western Htntea on this Moor worn now nenrty unnniinoini nj?ittut tho protective policy, whero formerly (nit the journal, would uliow) they wero iinnntuiniHly in ill I ivor. Tlio We.teni people and their inlennH wort tho name now a then. Whence tin clnnjfe ? It win obviously political, i'hene State were now represented by Hie noltitcal frienila of Mr. Van Huren, who hail recently declared in a letter lo tho Kditor of tho Ku liinond Knquircr that ho waaoppoaed to the late protective tarill' "both in tti principles nttd detail.." 'I'liey niu.t therefore either abandon the protective policy, or abandon Mr. Van Huren ; anil it ,eein that they have determined In adhere to tho man, and abandon the cherished policy of tho Won, without which they novot cun be prosperous ; and this, upon some proper occasion, he would endeavor to demonstrate. He could not forbear, however, to notice briefly 4ome of the arguments urffed by .'entloiucn from the West aguiusl tho protective pulley, and ospeciully by tho gentleman from Missouri, (Air. Jameson,) wlm iiad spulfcn last, and whu hud but substantially repeat tlio objections tinted by Mr. Van Hurcu aid others. In reply, tic would submit very briefly some facts and general rejections, to which he invited the sober und dispassionate attention of the Western tanners, wtio could not long bo imposed upon by state Ihcorios in opposition to well known and ascertained facts. In the first nlace. the irentleuian from Missouri (Mr. Juineson) lias told us that tho foreign market was every thin), and the homo market little or nothing; "itiutono-tliird of tho Stato of Missouri could fur-' msti surplus agricultural produce enough to supply alt the persons engaged in manufacturing in the cist. That tho Westorn furmcrs were robbed and plundered by tho protective tariff for the benefit of tho Kantum manufacturers. ;l. rliutllie etl'ecl of tlio protective policy was to "increaso the prico of over) thing tho fanner has to buy, and reduce the price of every thing ho lias to hi." 4. That the protective duty was alwais added to the pricuoftlie goods and paid by tlio consumer, whether the goods wero of foreign or domestic origin, "for the manufacturer alwnys puts up his gouds to thu full amount of the duty;" and thus he says "the Woslern farmer is obliged to p ty from HO to HUO por cent, duty tolne Eastern manufacturer." .. lliattho "protective policy cruatos and cherishes monopolies." Now these comprehend all the great and substan tial objections urged ngainst the protective policy condensed into a simrlo view. They covered the whole ground, and thev wero alt con'.oineu in Mr. Van Huron's letter of tho l.'itli February Inst to tlio Indiana convention, and repented in uhnust every anti-tariff speech in and out of this House. He proposed to tako up ench of theso stereotyped objections and to show, not by theories and asser tions, nut uy ascertained and admitted tacts, that tliey wero not only false mid unfounded, but that exactly tho reverse of oacb was tlio truth; and ho would confidently submit the matter to the judgment of every farmer and every man in the country, who would give the fucts a calm and dispassiouatoconsideration. Now, sir, as to the 1st proposition: Is the foreign market for our agricultural produce every thioir, and tho domestic market little or nothing? By referring to the census of IH40, it would lie seen tint the agricultural productions peculiar to the States north and west uf the IJolouiac, Ohio nnd M isssi.ssippi, to wit: grain ol nil kinds, tlour, tnent, fruit, animals, animal productions, &C., amount to more than 1,000 millions ot 'lolurs, wlule the exports ol tlieso urticlefl for the Inst tui years to all tlio world amounted, on an averntre,t'ionly eight am) a half millions of dol lars'. ! Now, it the manufacturers uud the mechanics throughout the United Stales consumed only one-leulh part of these agricultural products, it would amount to 100 millions; yet thu homo market was nothing!! nml nne lhiril of tlio State nf Missouri would furnish a surplus mure thnn sullieientto supply all the Eastern ilcuinlnl ! ! Now lie nlliriued, and the geiilleinatrs own premises would show, that there was more than eight, and ho might say ten dollnr's worth nt' agricultural produce raised on tho soil of (troat Hrit-iin nnd sent, to Missouri for sulc and consumption, to one dollar's worlh of agricultural tiro-diico sent from Missouri lo droit Britain. This uiigh'. seem strnnire, but it wns true, not nnlv nf Mis souri, but of all the other Middle anil Western Slates. Foreign iniiorl.if(riruUuntl produce vietct for 'inits. Now ho presumed it would ho admitted it could not ho denied that unc-half, mid mure than one- half, of all ttio goods iiiuiorted from ubroad. was strictly agricultural produce, consisting of the raw material and bread stiills, the subsistence ot labor worked up and niiiiiuliirtureil into nrtli'les ut use. Well, the imports from EiiL'lniul in 18JA wero fttl.- 41ti,-lll!l, one-halt bcinir agricultural produce, would tniko $lli,7l,'2.!. Missouri contained one 45tli part ot tho entire iximilnliuli of tho United States. and tho gentleman snys consumes foreign iuisirts in proportion to tier population. She ttieretoro consumed, of tlio ngriculturnl imports fruui Knglaud, in IHII, ll,i; worth. Our exports of all the agricultural pruduce, and sold tier only 44,018 worth!! less than one-eight part. Hut is it true that one-half of the value uf nil foreign goods imported is agricultural produce? This is an important question. nnd ono which lie was anxious that the fnriuers of this country should thoroughly understand. It hnd not heretofore received duo consideration, and he was anxious to impress it unon the niiblic mind. Tako cloth, glass, iron, everything analyze tlicin, resolve them into their elements, so to sioak, nnd you will find that much moro than half of their price is inndo up uf agricultural produce. In a yard uf common cloth, take tlio wool, (itelf nearly half its value,) the brend and meat, nnd other articles composing iho subsistence of the labor employed in its manufacture, with other subordinate ingredients, and you will lind that three-fourths of its valuo is derived from tho produce nf tho soil; farmers often make in their own families woollen goods for consumption and silo to tho amount of hundreds of dollars, without purchasing a dollar's wortli of any tiling not produced on their farms. Is nut this cloth, then, inado up entirely of agricultural pro- uiicc.' Aim is not all cloth composed ol the samo materials, whether inado in factories or tin farms? If, then, ttio farmer purchases foreign cloth, does ho nol, in fact, purchase foreign agricultural produce converted into cloth, whilo his own produce is, to use the languago of tlio gentleman, "rotting on his hands for want of a uiarkel?" I low, then, can Western Representatives contend Hint it is better fur their constituent, to send their hard tnoury (for lOnglaitd takes no other kind) to purchase agricultural produce in tho shapo of goods, in preferenco lo establishing manufactories mid markets at their own doors, and keeping their money in active and profitable circulation nt home. Will yu foster tho interest uf British farmers in preference to nur own? In tho contest between ttio Hiitish ami American farmers for ttio American market, hu nsked genllo-. men from tlio West whirh side they would tnke? Tho protective tarill' is the American side which siilo will you take? This is the true question nt issue, it can neither bctlisguiseduorevailed. (Hero was a general call to order by thu anti-tnriff men.) Mr. S. remarked, lliat what lie bud said in resnect to clolh, wns eipi illy npplicnble tn iron, glass, nml tnueett every species ol mnniit'ictures. lie had himself made inm, and ho knew as a matter of personal observation and experience, tint when he sold his iron he paid eight dollars out of every ten of the wholo prico to tho neighboring farmers for grain, &c, to feed his horses, oxen nnd nudes nml liread, tnent, and domestic goods lo teed his hands. Four-lifths of tho wholo viluo of tho iron was therefore strictly and truly aerieiillurnl produce; nnd the Representatives nf farmers, with Mr. Van Huren at their head, wished to go to Knglnnd to buy irun, four-fifths of the value of which wns British ngriculturnl produce, in preference to .ustiiiniug these great markets for the fanners the iron works of our own country. Our iinpottntions of foreign gnndft for consumption (deducting re-exports) ainonntrd, upon aunver-nge, for the Inst ten years, lo $ I4,:t!iil,4:t4 per year; one linlT being agricultural, the result is that we havo imported from abroad iimiually into the United Stntes for snlu and consumption, i"i?,I!I!I.7I7 worth of agricultural produce, the growth of n foreign soil, whilst our whole exports of the agricultural products of tho Northern, Western and Middle Ktntes, hnvo fallen shurtofH millions, on nn average, for thu Inst ten yunrs. Wns this a sound systum fur a country in which seven-eighths of the enliru ixipulntion wero employed in agriculture? Hut thorn wns nnotlier view which showed tlie great valuo and importance of manufactures to the farmers to which he wished to call their specinl attention. Ilwustnis: Inlrl'j,wo exported r!, ll(t,l!i4 worth of domestic manufacture. onc-hiilf uf which (mid he might safely say two-thirds) was the produce of the fanners converted into goods nnd thus sent abroad fur sale, making an exportation of agricultural produce in tho shapo of goods, to tho amount ot n millions anil upwnnis: and this year, ho hnd no doubt, the amount uf domestic manufactures exmrted, would ho more than two mill ions of dollars, exceeding Iho whole exports nf grain, II nir, meat, fruits, animals, and animal productions, and this, too, in a form nol to effect injuriously the prices by overstocking tlio foreign market with ngricultural produce in ils raw nml unninnufnctiirod condition. In thin nay, Ureal Britain wns, in fact, the grentost exporter uf agriculturnl produeo in tlie world; not in lis rudo and origiunl form, but by doubling its vnlno hy tho addition of labor and protlts. In Irtll, her exports of inniiufiictures nmounted tn the ennrmnus sum of!0 millions of dollars, mnking her exports of ngriculturnl produce in this form, of 113 millions of dollars, The products of her labor-saving machinery, was equal to tlie labor of 8 millions of men, This was tho grcnt clotneut of weslth in Knglond ss it was and would bu hero, and every-whoie. Do, troy the labor-saving mnchiuery of Ureal Uritain and she would be bankrupt in a single year. By Ibis she laid the world under contribution, and euublcd her people to pay a50 mi, lions of dollars of revenue annually. So much for tho relative value of the foreign and homo market fur agricultural pruduce, and tho ctlect of the protective policy on tho iulcrcsl uf the fanners. The tffect of protection on prica. Tho next proposition of tlio gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Jameson) was, that "the ctlect of tlie protective policy was to increaso tlie price of every thing tlio farmer has to buy, and reduce the price of uvcry thing tho farmer has to sell." Now, does not all cxporienco, as well ns tho woll kn iwn laws of demand and supply clearly provo, that precisely the reverse of this proposition is the truth? The effect of the protective policy it is admitted on all hands, is to build up and increase thu number of manufacturing establishment, and thereby to increase llie demand for tlie raw materials, and bread stulli, produced by thu farmer, and thereby incretue (not dimmish) the price of every thing tlie farmer has to sell; and by increasing tbo number ol" manufacturing establishments, increase thu quantity uf in itiiitacturcil goods, and thereby rafuce (not increase) the price of thu goods which the farmer has to purchase. Henco by inrreasina the demund. you in- matt the price of every thing the farmer has to sell, anu oy augmenting tlio quantity, reduce Iho prico ol every thing the farmer has to purchase. Such was tlio well operation of the L'real law of deiumid and supply universal and invariable in its results; bo-sides, by increasing manufactures, you withdraw e lmiuu oi uie inuur eiupioyeu in ugnculture, ami employ in it manufactures, mskintr customers and consumers of those who wero before rivals in the production uf agricultural supolies. And these re sults were not only theoretically, but they were prac- ucany true, ne saw it stated tins morning in a paper from that gentleman (Mr. Jameson's) country, that wheul had recently risen 14 cents in the bushel. and that pork was selling for double the prico it brought just before Iho passage of the late protcctivo tarill; And on Hie other hand, he allinued it as a fuel, ho delicj contradiction, and invited gentlemen tu thu scrutiny, that there tins not a single article of ony sun or kind winch had been highly protected, iwnicn we una llie capacity lo produce, anil had succeeded in producing) that tho price had uot boen in- vanauiy leduccu uy the ho.no competition, stimulated oiid excited by protection to less, often to ono- nail, ono num. anil one- utirl h oarl of tho unco nan for tlio sume article when exclusively imported from abroad. Ho would refer to coarse cottons, for which every body knows, wo paid 15 and iiO cents a yard before it wus manufactured here, which is now bought (of better quality made ot homo and paid for in produce) nt 5 and (i cents a yard glass, for which wo paid when imported, IjM'J por box, isnuwmadcat homo for fri per box. This is tho way prices are iiicreaseii, anu uio luiliiers are 'Tolibed and oppressed," in the languago uf Iho gentlemen, by thu pro- lecuve poucy mis is tlio way this gentleman s constituents are lleecod of "half their hard earning by Kaslern manufacturers." Now lie defied the gentleman to put his finger on a single article in the wtiolo t ariffon which liiirh urotective duties had been lev. led, that had not ill time been reduced, and very greatly reduced in prico, by domestic competition anil yol, in tho face of theso facts, tlio gem Ionian stands up and gravely repeats this stall) and threadbare theory, "lb it protcctivo duties increase tlie prico oi every ming tno tanner Ins to nov-aml reduce llie price ol every thing lie lias to sell." The didi added lo the price nol true. Next tho gentleman tells us. that "the duty is nl ways added to the price und paid by the consumer, on both foreign and domestic iruuds: fur the domestic manufacturer, he s it s, always raises Ins goods by tlie amount of the duty," nnd I Ins theory is also ndvanc- eu uy mr. tanutircn in Ins letter to tliu Indiana convention before referred lo. Now let m see how till, theory will bear tlio test of a nriictical examina tion. The consumer has tu pay the duly lo tlio manufacturer; this is the universal theory. Now, if the gentleman would turn to tho tariff', ho would find that tho duty on tho lowest priced cotton goods, wns upwards of 8 cents per square yard ; those goods were soni to tno gentleman constituent in Missouri, for 11 cents, nnd uftcti less than u' cents per yard. Now if the gentleman would go home, and undertake to convince the simplest old woman in his uistrict, mat she wo oMigedtop iy the Eastern man illaclurcr 8 cents a yard duty on a yard of coarse cotton which she bought forsix, lie would undertake a Mas, in winch, with all hi el.xiiicnce and imrciiu ty, ho would utterly fuil. The doty on gloss was ".'! (er oox, a duty imposed when lureign gins was imported and sold at 10 and l i per box ; now it was selling in Ins country for &i 50 per box J the duly on nails had been 5 cents ier pound imposed when tlio prico was 10 or 111 cents, now lliey nro made and sold fir-1 cents; such wore tho fruits of the protective policy by which the prices of L'lass had been reduced from I0 to $'1 50, and nails from Vi tn 4 cents per pound, and tho snino was true ot paper, type, hardware, and an inlinilo varioty of articles Now, if the gentleman would mi home, and tell his cousiniienta the liunest, plain, common sonso farmers of Missouri, that they Ii id to pay 1 duty nn a box of gloss, which they could ntirchaso for i 50. and 5 cents a ioiind duly on nails, which they purchased for 4, they would laugh in his face. Vol ho nasjiisi gniveiy asserluu, that "Hie duly la always milled to the prico by tho liianufoclurer. and is nsid by the consumer." Nuw, with such fuel before liiin, he thought it might puzzle even a Van Buren man to believe Mr. Vun Huren himself, who had asserted this same thing in his Indiana letter, where pern ios the gentleman bad irot this idea. Tho gentleman next says, Hint tho protcctivo policy creates and cherishes monopolies. Now, if to in- eroiso competition tno admitted ettoct of this no - cy) was lo creato and cherish monopoly, then the KUNuvmnu was rigui ; mil it to promote coiiiput tion in ue.iroy monopoly, men tho gentloinan was wrong. In llns, as in all other coses, ilm rn i tlio gentleman' proposition was truo. l'rolitction promoter! competiliou, and thereby destroyed mo-noHily. This wo too clear to admit uf illustration or nrgumont. ilis tune was neorlv out. ami in ronelo.lnn ho would say, that ho adviieated Iho nroiociive rmlicv. u a iwuw i-aicuiaieu or intended to advance the interest ol the manufacturer nt tl,n vn.,,.n r . lu mber class ; on llie coiurarv. lie reuorileil it as not. icy eminently calculated to advance tho welfare and prosperity ol nitntnHun. . igrirullun irrr, the great ohjeel of Hit proMwr polieu It reduced the price of manufactured goods by. ,..,.,... uiK uouipeiiiiori, wuiinun uie otlierliiiihl.il enhanced the price of ngriculturnl produeo, by increns- n,x ms uuiiiuiiu ami diminishing the supply, bv with-drawing a portion of labor from this ureal ilcnsn. inenl ot industry, and employing it in tho consumption instead of tlio production of agricultural supplies. It was, therefore. fr ilm h..i..iii r tl... e.. men, and nol the manufacturers, ho advocated this poui-jr. Agriculture wan tho rrrent parent nf nrodnction it was iho great fouuinin of natural wealth andprus-peril)-, lit Hits cnuntry, where sovcn-eigliibs of llie enliro population wero omploicd in iigricullnro, it might be emphatically s t;,t tlio "farmer pre-duecd nil and paid nil:" and nt Hie ballot lm ii, wore all-powoiful. Ho liojiod they would for onco make common cause; that they would unite in one grent vigorous rtlbrt lo advance their own interest the inleresl f tlio nation; In protect and defend their own gruit Ainoricnn markets against tho efforts ol fnreignors tu occupy lliem, by breaking down our pmtertivo policy nml inundating our country with their agricultural produeo, manufactured and worked up into goods, mul thus sent horo for sale, while their uwn ports were hennetically o.iled ngninst our pniiliictions by nrohibiotrv duties, lie none .led to tho farmer of llie great west ho implored them in come to tno rescuo -to tlelend nnd maintain their own own great American interests, by electing men iai mis i louse and to tho Ivxccutive government, who would take the Amrican side agnitist foreignert in tl.is great struggle now going on for ttio Jrurn'rnn marxeu i he remedy wns in Hieir own hands, and it was their own fault if they fiilcd to apply it. If they failed, they themselves would bo the auHerrr. The great American Whig system hod been tried, fully tried. In IHHi wo pised a protective tarill', which, with the tariffs of I8J4 and 18-'8, had pnul otf (principal and inlen-st) of tho war debt, in IrCW, 'iB millions of dollars. It had furnished a sound and uniform currency; it had rendenul tho whnto country eminently prosperous in all its interests, ag. ricultural, manufacturing, and commercial, and just at tlie time ttiis wnr detit was paid oil) and the surplus nf 18 millions a year, derived from the protcctivo policy, wus about tu ho applied to the construction of those internal improvements, which hnd sinco involved tlio Slates in a foreign duht of more than 200 millions of dollars, them came "a frost, a killing frost;" this American system of policy wns, in the language of gentlemen, "exploded, nnd tho Van Huren system introduced by Mr. Van Huren himself, then primo minister, entahlished on its mins. In a few yeais tho expenses of (tovernmenl wero doubled, and almost trebled; internal improvement arrested and transfurrod lo Uia Suites; Uie protective tarilT repeuled and tho country mined: agriculture, manufacture and commerce, wont down together; and individuals and governments, State and nutionul, involved in one common scene of bankruptcy, repudiation, and deop disgrace. uch wore ttio cleur and undeniable fruits ol the Vun Huren policy, and such tho admitted condition of things in 1810, when the people, who had forborne till "forbearance ceased to be a virtue," rose in their might and resulved to throw oil this ruinous system, and return lo the system that had rendered them pros-porous; by one united and vigorous effort they had succeeded for Hie moment by the election uf Harrison and a Whig Congress, whu had partially restored the national prosperity by tbo tariff' of but al( their high hopes and brigtit prospects wero struck down by the death of their chief, and tho succession of a man who is now an adherent of the Van Huron system. Thus, sir, tho popular clforl of 1810, lo restore the Whig system, hud been defeated nnd postponed ; hut thank God, the tune is npproaching, and is at band, when the people would again come up with redoubled vigor and energy to the rescue. They wero del'eated in 1840, but in 1844 they would succeed, as he hoped and believed, by a still moro triumphant majority, bocause the ruinous effects ol iho Van Uureu system, and the beneficial effects of the Whig policy, were now more clearly seen and octtcr understood, 'l his was a contest tor mrrrxurtf, not for mm men wero nothintr. measure and prin ciple every tiling ; much tor weal or for woe depended upon the result; the futo of the country, be be lieved, wns involved in the issue. Shall tlie country get up and aguiu ailvanco in acureerof prosperity under new auspices, or fall back into tho wielch- cil and deplorable condition in winch Mr. Van Huren letl it in 1840. This was the great question atissuo a question which touched the interest of every man in this country deeply nnd vitnlly, and in rcfcrcnco tu which he could neither be indilferent nor silent. Agninst Mr. Van Buren personally, he had said nothing he had nothing tu say; it wus to his measures and principles he wus opposed. Ho firmly believed, before God, that the re-election of Mr. Van Huren would be the grentost calamity that could befall hi country. Under lhis solemn conviction ho felt it to be his duty to avert this cnlumity if he could. It wa a duty from which he could not be tlhcrted or driven by any species of intimidation here or else-whore. It wns a high duty he owed to his country ond his consti uents, and ho would ho false to them and to himself if he failed, on all proper occasions, firmly and fearlessly to perform it. TUK8DAY EVENING, MARCH 1!), 18-14. ANOTHER FAILURE OF THE MAIL. Wo havo no mail east of Wheeling again to-day. This is very provoking, and to us unaccountable. It ha been surmised that tho mails are so iinicli nvcrbtirlhcncd with franked electioneering document from the Loco-Fuco member of Congress, that every thing else is crowded out. Just at this time, when all eyes ore turned eastward, it is to bo hoped that such fuilurc will be very fow and very far between. llKl.l'.OATF. TO HAU'INIUKE CONVENTION. Tho Whigs uf Wayno and Stark counties, composing tho 18tb Congressional District of Ohio, havo agreed upon JOHN HARRIS, Esq., of Stark, us their delegate to the National Whig Convention. DANIEL L. Sl'RAGUE, Esq., of Woooter, is the substitute. Excellent apointiiiciits. A more thorough going, whole-souled Whig than John Harris, cannot be found. 1). N. Hprugue is the sterling editor of the Wooster Democrat. TO HE UNIVERSALLY READ! We publish to-day according lo promise, although to the exclusion of nearly every thing else, tho speech of Mr. STEWART, of Pennsylvania. It is a powerful, convincing, conclusive document. It i practical in its nature, and will commend itself to the good souse of every man, of whatever party ho may he. It deals in facts, stubborn, irrefutable fuels, that stand sustained by documentary ovidence nnd the universnl experience of the people! There is in it, no slang: no low, vulgar abuse; no degrading ap-pcnls to passions and prejudices; no miserable cant or party calcli-lraps, about "old John Mainl, Ilnmillo-nirin fioVriili'ini, and federal, hard cider drunkenness,'' such as form the principal ingredients in Loco Foco documents ! It deals not in abusive epithets, and hypocritical denunciation. It commends iuelf to the judgment and reason of every man. We hupo to ace it widely circulated in the State. Thousands of copies should circulate in every county. Accompanying tho spoech is a defence against tho disgraceful assault of Mr. Woller. Not a singlo position assumed by Mr. Stewart, wa controverted by Mr. W., and tbo former pledges himself to make good all he said, before tho whole country. Wo aro pleased to learn that he made a most triumphant ex-poso of tho iniquitous feature, oftlic now Tariff bill a few day since. LORAIN O. K. Tho Whigs of Lornin nro beginning to wako up. CLAY CLUBS nro being fonncd in many township and tho must hearty rusponso come up from every part of the county to Hie nomination of M iniiECAl HARTi.r.r as Governor. Let our Whig friends a-bmail set old lioruin down as sure for CLAY and HARTLEY! No mistake! ?urio Itepuklican. With all tho pleasure imaginable. We rejnico lo see our Lorain friends arousing for tho contest. Let them remember that much dejHuids upon them, and upon the district of which they form a part. Tho Iioco Foco members of tho conference commit-teo utterly refused to grant tho request of tho Whigs, and allow Lorain to go with Cuyahoga and Medina with Summit; because they knew that it would make bnth Whig districts, beyond poradventure; wherens, by putting Lorain and Medina together thoy entertain a hopo that Wmo ,'lbolilionislt will no voto a to k-cure the election of Imco foco candidate:' Shall tins be so? Whigs of Ijrain and Medina you ean and will prevent il! DEDICATION OF A CLAY CLUB HOUSE! Tlie Whigs of Cleveland dedicated the Club Homo on the 14th inst, Tho House- was crowded, niid a number of ladies wero present. (Now, for a Iico Foco yell.) Every thing wn conducted with the very best spirit, hut with the utmost propriety. Tho meeting was addressed by Messr. 11. Whito,L.C. Turner and J. W. Allen. The Glco Club made excellent music and the Bras Hand fathered green laurels. It was resolved Hint tho Whigs, not only of iho Re-servo, but nf tho North, Smith, East and West, all be invited lo attend the .Mass Convention at Cleveland, on tho loth day of May next. Tho oration delivered by 11. While, Esq., is very highly spoken of by the Herald. Whigs of Columbus, am you nearly ready for grand dedication rally in the now Club House? THE PREDICAMENT. The "JViriiiiiiigr," an independent German Loco Foco paper of Cincinnati, repudiate entirely the spirit anil sentiment, of Mr. Tod' letter to tlie Cleveland Committee, and withdraw his name from Iho head of its column.. Several Iieo Foco editors, who denounced Gov. Shannon's letter and llio'froii- or" who voted for the Wooster Bank Hill, publish tho letter of Mr. Tod in silence they re waiting fur their cue.' It is, as the Ixico Foco St. Clmrsvillo Gnxetto lays, a bitter pill for tho hards, but they must awallnw il down. Never wa a party ill such a gloriou predicament befnre! Never had jmrly surA a loader as Tod! One or two of those papers that denounced without stint, as infamously corrupt, the Recusants, and havo even refused to publish Shannon's letter, take down the dose nt a gulp, and swear lliat il i just the thing for the people, and just what might be etpeeled from n ronst'itenf, candid, ttraighl-formri man like Ton! On the other hand, the champions of Ihe. Ileeusants and tht defenders of .S'Viiinou, and a paper currency, nu'w a IrrmrriuW fioul otvr the iiahiis! and maintain that Mr. Tod takes tiartly the position of the soils, for iMiV'i (An Air heen so mercilessly denounced! They agtit ei nctly! RIGHT OFSUFFRAKR BASELY ASSAILED! Tho Isko Fia'o Legislature, of Now Jersey, hnvo passed a bill depriving of tho right nf null'ingc all the atudent at the Seminaries and AcaiUiuies! What outrage shnll we next bo called upon lo I record? THE NEW YORK ELECTIONS THE BALL ROLLS ON! Tho return of the charter elections in Now York. continue to come in gloriously! We gain at near ly every point, and wherever there wa a warm contest, our success wa most signal. In Rochester, a we have already mentioned, tho Whig Mayor wu elected by nearly !I00 vutes, whoro last year thero was a majority of 300 against us! The GER-MANS ond IRISH, rallied in support of Ihe Whig ticket nobly, botli in Rochester and Buffalo. .Men-roe co. how a Whig majority of 800 on Supervisors; at tho three preceding elections, it was less tlinn 100. Vfon ro. shows a Whig gain nnd a Whig majority in the popular voto. Otsego en. show a gain of il Whig Supervisors. Ihrkiner ro. about a ustiol. ienoi-, in Madison county, is Whig for tho first lime, for many yours, partially owing to local cause. In lyaraloga Co. tho Whig gains aro large. Ithaca, in Tompkins cn. has chosen Whig officers. Cortland co. has elected fvc Whig and four lioco supervisors, and one in dispute. Last year eight IiO co and three Whig ! Wyoming co. has elected fen Whig to two Loco supervisors ! Last year a Lo co majority ! Partial return show Whig gains in Genessuc, Essex, Chalauque and Frunkliu counties. New York will be redeemed ! C?" Hun J. Y. Mason of Virginia, has been con firmed by the Senate, as Secretary of the Navy. No iiilormution ot the confirmation of Gov. Shannun, na Minister to Mexico, hus yet been received. It i intimated in somo of tho Eastern papers, that there is some doubt about the confirmation of Gov. S. Want ofcnpacily is mentioned as one objection. We suspect that the location of iho nominee is the prin cipal objection. We havo no doubt that the friend uf tho Annexation of Texas, would prefer having a southern man succeed Mr. Thompson. What the sentiments of the Governor aro on the subject of Annexation, we aro not prepared to say; we hope, however, that ho is sound. And, we should rogrot to sco a Whig Senate hesitate as to his confirmation; as wo have every confidence that he will fill the post as creditubly as any man tiputi whom the appointment would be likely to full. REPEAL OF THE LAND DISTRIBUTION! It is generally known that tho bill for Hie Distri bution of the proceed of tho Public Lands, adopted by the last Whig Cungress, contained a clause by which it operations were suspended, whenovcr the rale of duties exceeded twenty per cent, ad valurem. It wus an improper provision, and was only agreed to, when found absolutely necessary to aavo tho TurifH Of course the law,ultliuugh remaining upon the statute book,' has been rendered hioperativu by tbo Tariff". Tho Loco Focos, however, determined that it should be repealed, A bill was brought in by Mr. Drouigoule, and by the immediate application nl lite previous autstion, wus forced through the va rious reading and is before tbo Senaio. What mny he its fate Hiero is somewhat problematical, but we think it will bo defeated. Tub Hot ki.su Vai.i.et Gazkttf.." Mr. Wil liams has sold out this establishment to Messrs. G. T. Stewart and N. II. Vas Voriif.s. The name of the paper will bo changed and several improie- menlf made in tbo incchauicnl appearance of the Gazette, by the new editors aid publisher. Mr. Stewart is at present editor of Iho "Tribuue," pub lished in this city. Wo wish him nnd our young friend Van Vorhcs, much success in their now en terprise. Athens county, can support a press well; and our acquaintance with mnny of the leading men nf that county, lead us tn believe they will du their wholo duly. NEW ORLEANS ELECTION. Tho Senate of Iiomsiana hnve resolved, hy a strict party vole, to count tho illegal vote given to Mr. Shdell, for Senator, and that gentleman will, there fore, bo permitted to tnke n scat as Senator, although his opponent has an undoubted tnnjority of the legal votes. This is another to the many outrsecs bv Inch the laws of the country havo been violated ami set at naught. "Tiik Youth's Visiter," is the title of a cheap and quite interesting little sheet, intended for tho uso of children, just commenced in Cincinnati. Mrs. M. L. Baii.kt is publisher and editor The subscription price is '15 cent per year, published monthly. "Tiik BvifLt Hi.ast." This is Iho title of a new- campaign pnicr from Hyracuso Now York. We need only say that our friend V. W. Smith, Esq. who won golden opinions a editor of tho Ohio State Journal, docs up tho editorials of the "Hugh lllaM," to convince our readers that it will do gallant ur-vico in the present campaign. LAFAYETTE BANK Il is stated in the Cincinnati Gazette that the Id- fiyetto Bank will, in all probability, accept the provisions of the late law, and continue to do business. Cnrreipoiulenre of the Hiillinmrc Patriot, WASHisimiM, March III, 1844. The President tn-dsy sent in tn the Scuolo the nominations of John Y. Mason, of Virginia, for tho Navy Department, mid Chancellor Woliiortb.of New York, as Judge of Hie Supremo Court. Both. I havo no doubt, will be confirmed. The Senate to-dny acted on tbo nominations of some District Attorney in the West, and Mr. Gaines and Mr. Rush, Choctaw Commissioneis, which they confirmed. A most singular and unexpected movement wo made tn-duy in tbo House, which guvo riso to proceedings equally as singular, and certainly quiio unprecedented. Mr. DnoiKiooi.r. surprised the lluuso hy bringing forward, as a report from tho Committee of Ways and Means, a bill tu repeal tbo act providing for the distribution of the proceeds of the sole of Iho Public Lands aiuung the State. Ilo immediate ly moved tlie previous question on the bill, and in that wny forced it through to its final pnssnee. with out allowing any timo or opportunity for deliberation or discussion. .Mr. Harm nl and oilier Whig member protested most earnestly against such summary action, on a measure of so much importanco, but M r. Drouigoule peremptorily refused to let it go into tho Coiiiutiltco ot Iho Wholo for discussion in the usual wuv. Mr. Carroll then moved to ay the bill on ilm table, and on this tnutiou tho yeas and nuys were-taken, Tho decision of courso was in tho negative, nnd the following is tho vole Ayes til, nay 110. i no previous question wus then seconded, and tho bill ordered lo be engrossed by the following voto Ayes ii.i. naystbi. 1 he question wns then about to bo taken on its fi nal psssaee, when Mr. Stewart succeeded in attract ing tbo Sicaltcrs attention, and enquired whether it would be in urder lo make any remarks on the lull. The Speaker replied Hint it would, and Mr. S. proceeded tn address tho I louse in opposition tu the bill. The Lneofocos were very much disappointed and mortified, Hut Mr. S. had succoeded in ohlainimr a hearing on the bill, but there was now no help fur iU They were therefore compelled, for an hour, toll. ten lo a ieorh that wns gall and wormwood to Ihrm, and which they repeatedly attempted to arrest by boisterous calls to order and other disorderly inter-mptioua. Mr. Dromgoolo also rrporled the Sub-Treasury hill, which a member moved lo lay nn Iho table. I'ho motion was lost by the following voto ayes tl, nays 100. Tlie bill wns then referred to the committee oflhe whole. Tiir Cot RT. The Court of Common Pleas for Portage county commenced its sitting on tho 5lh of March. The President Judge, Hon. Enux Nkwtoji, arrived on Thursday morning iho lith inst, and took his seat upon tho bench, and has at once applied himself tu Ihe duties of his station. Ohio Star, Skmatoriai. Ei.rcTtoM. We understand that tho ITnn I'tinrU. KUmi.n. Jiol.in nf llirt 1..,.I, f' will not issue ncertillcntc of election tn cither nf the aspirants for Senatorial honors, on Mnndny last Ho will simply send up the returns, broken box and nil, ni nn imij ,,,-,., n,,,i ivmn line 1,1 uit ride upon the merits of the question. .V. O. Tropic, .Harris ,. We lenrn that Jai or Wrcoi r Piatt tin resigned his .dilation as Clerk of tho Court nf Comnion Plena. We cannot say whether Ilm is the result of a strike, in consequence uf a contemplated reduction of the fees of office, or w hether, like a trim philosopher, ho is disgusted with its cores. Omriiinufi .'Mm.

WEEKLY i - 10 .'A T.'l STATE JOURNAL VOLUME XXXIV. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 27, 1844. NUMBER 31, I'Um.ialIKU EVMltV WKHNKSIJAV MOKN1NU, I BY SCOTT & IKESUALK. O.tice corner of Wgu and Tiiwh .liccts, HulUci' Building TEKIIH. Two D01.1.AHS rr.n aiiiiiim, which munt invuriubly I paid iii ndvaiu-o, frco of pulsgil ur of pel ccnlugo to A seiil or Collector.. ..... , The Joumul i. ulsn published daily dunns; llie lemon ol ho l.i!giluira, und umcc 0 wis It tliu remmmlar of Ibe year for ja 1 and three lime, a week, yuvly, for J4. Snccdi of Mr. Stewart of Peim, Dclivorcd " tllQ IIoll8 of Kepresen la lives of the United States, January lli, 18-id, in favor of Wei-turn lmprovuniPtiU. Mr. -STEW ART, of Pennsylvania, said that although ho was not from a We-turn Hmto, yet the fclatc from which ho enrno wna as deooly intcruatod in the improvement of tho Wuilorn waters as any Ktate in tho Union. Those ureal riveia were in fact but extensive feeders of those great lines ot improvement, connecting the Atlantic and Weatcrn Btntcs, made by Pennsylvania and Maryland, at an expense of nine fifty millions of dollars, constituting a debt which now rented with mountain weight upon their people. These Htato works were alike national in their character and their benefits, and ought to have been made by national moans, and would have been so made, with all the other great work of internal improvement which had involved the States of this Union in a foreign debt of WOO millions of dollars, hud that great "American Sys- tern" of policy been continued which had just boeu denounced in such emphatic terms as "an imposition an exploded humbug," by the gontlemon from Missouri, (Mr. Jauiiesnn. Mr. Kennedy, of Indians, and Mr. Ficklin, of Illinois,) and over the "explosion" of which they had exulted in so much triumph. True, it had been involved in the explosion, it had throwed back this great century from the point where it would have now been, had tint "explosion" not occurred, and hud involved the States (and among the rest the States represented by these gentlemen) in debts and embarrassments from which (if this denounced system was not speedily restored) they would not recover for a century to come. The effect of the Van JUtrtn tnjstcm on Uie Interior and Western Statu Mr. S. affirmed, anil could demonstrate, that by adupting Mr. Van Huron's system, the whole of the great Interior and Western States would bo now, henceforth and forever, excluded from all participation in the beirtits of the disbursement of tho ample revenues of this Government, amounting to some 1.0 or :0 millions a year. Without the power of internal improvement, (a power which Mr. Van Uureu expressly denied,) where, ho would usk these gentlemen, is the object? Ho culled on them to point their lingt.-r to a singlo 0110 in the interior and Western States, on which any portion of the natioiml revenue could be conctitulioimlly nxpended. Look at the great heads of appropriation: Whero is jour navy and army, fur which 17 millions is this year required? Whoro your forts and fortifications? your light-houses, buoys, and beacon; your seawall, breakwaters and harbors; your cusiom-hoiiKes, foreign intercourse, suneving and Indinn departments? Were any of these in thu interior? None not one. These were thu objects on which tho revenues of the Government had been expended, poured out like water; mid, without this power, must continue to be expended, now and forever. The people of tho groat interior and tho West were thus doomed to bo lax payers, Viewers of wood and drawers of water," nu they had been for tho seaboard. Their money, like their vast rivers, might continue to flow in ample streams to the Atlantic; and by denying this beneficent power, joii blot out the sun which alone could exhale and carry back in refreshing showers, any portion of these vast contributions to the interior sources from which llieycome. Draw a line Hvo miles from tho seaboard, the externa! boundary of the United States, and ho believed he w uld be safe in saying that there had not been expended, out of three hundred millions, as much within this circle since the explosion of "the N big system" by tho Maysville mul Wabash river vetoes, nJ li-irl I.P.M. fYIHiflfl: firit 011(1 ItlSt. Ill tllO Cft'C tion oi these buildings for tho accommodation of Congress; and even that amount small as it was, must (according to Mr. Van Huron) havo been expended in violation of the ('imnliliiiion. How gentlemen, who advocated these appropriations, and represented the interior and Western Stiles, sj deeply interested in tho policy of intemnl improvement could, consistently with "their principles," support Mr. Van Huron, who expressly denied their constitutionality, he was at a loss to imagine. (Hero Mr. Wentworth inquired by what authority Mr. S. charged Mr. Van Huron with denying this power. Mr. S. said on tho authority of his own signature, not once, but repeatedly; and. for the gentium nil's information, ho would read a pnra- frraph from Mr. Van Huron's letter of the tth Oclo-ier, ISi'i, to a committee at tho Shocco springs, North Carolina, where, in answer to a request for Ins opinion on tho subject of internal improvements lie says: "Tho broadest and host diviion, is that, which distinguishes between the direct construction of works of internal improvements by the General Government, and pecuniary assistance given by it to such ns are undertaken by oihcrs." "The Federal Government," says Mr. Van Buren, "does not, in my opinion, punsess the power specified; nor can it derive it from the assent of the States in which such works are lo be constructed." Ho afterwards expressly approved the voto of the bill subscribing stock to the Maysvillo road, which was of the second das' of works specified above, and ho also approved of tho veto of the bill for the improvement of tho navigation of the Wabash river; and, upon Iho same principles, wero ho now President, ho would bo bound by his oith to veto this vory appropriation. Vet, gentlemen advocate this measure wuh groat teal and ability, and ho fully concurred in all they said in its favor; but how could 1 1 icy, at the same time, and in tho same breath, ndvocalo tho election of Mr. Van Huron to an o lli co in which bo would bo obliged to veto this appropriation if it passed this was tho dilemma. Tho gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Ji-tneson) has told us that tho Wings are "a par ty without principles," and that his party had principles, and that they will "stond or fall by them." Now, the gentleman must give up his man or his principles Im cannot support them both; they are nutipodcs. Which will he do? Ho says they will stand by their pnuciyJt very well! (his may do; hut with tho won they are sure lo fall. The Whigx, the gentleman says, are tho "tag ends of all parties;" thev livu in Mas houses." Ho lias tilked very learnedly about "coons, hard cider, cider barrels," &c, and informs us that tho Whigs have been weighed in the balance and found wanting a small mi tike. It was Mr. Van Huron who wu in ItMO, weighed in tho balance and found wantinc; ami he would now predict that, in 1H I, ho would he found lighter than ho was then, because tho effects of his principles and measures had been severely felt; snd were noip lietter utnlcmooii ny Hie people, uui theso wore small matters. Ha would now give his attention to something more im;ortntii. Whilst denouncing, the "American Sjslem," which had been called the Ctay system, reference bad been made to tho antagonist system tho I 'm liurtn system, which, in IrMO, bad been established on its ruins. This wan a great question; it lay at the very foundation of tho national prosperity, and he was glad of the opportunity now presented of calling public attention to it. The Van fiurtn and Whig System contrattcd. What were these two nposito systems of national policy? and what had been their ctlects on the country? To understand this, it was necessary In refer to t few historical facts, which ho would do very briefly. Tho groat object of tho American System was the protection of . jWnmri and fonign industry by a protective tarilT, and the disbursement of thesiiryitu rtvrnut (which alwnys had and always would result from such a tariff) for the improvement of the internal condition of the country. The collection of ruvenuo for ono great object notional protection, and its dis bursement for another equally important object nn-tionnl vnnrowments, In ten yours this system bnd paid off more than 133 millions of wnr debt, and left in Irtt'j, when that debt was discharged, an annual surplus of about 1H millions of dollars. Now was it not manifest, that if this policy had been continued, and tho surplus annually applied to internal improvements by direct appropriations and subscriptions of stock to works of a national character, made under State authority, the amount expended sinco INfJ(aU lowing no increase of revenue from the increaso of wealth and population) would have now amounted in tho aggrcgato to more Uian'i.V) millions of dollars, and would havo accomplished all, and mora than all, tho States havo since done, without involving this Government or the States in ono dol lar of debt ! pro-moting m tho same time a just and equal expenditure of revonuo in the interior and Western States, in the execution of great system of improvements, winch, for defence in wnr, would be vastly superior to forts and fortifications, by promoting rapid concentration and movement! and if war never occurred, Uwso improvements wpw, worth nthv cost for tho peaceful purposes of facilitating and cheapening intercourse among the States tho transportation of the mails, and of uniting and binding together the distant parts of our extended country in the strong and enduring bonds of interest and intercourse. Such would havo been soino of the happy fruits of this "exploded American System." He well remembered that, in I the Committee on Iloads and Canals, of wl ijh he wus then a momher, seeing the period oftholinil payment of the public debt rapidly ap proaching, wuen a large surplus revenue woutu do left unemployed in the Treasury to crush tho turitf and destroy the country, with a view to prepare for that event in time, a bill was reported laying the foundation of a system of internal improvement co extensive with tho whole country, to absorb this surplus of 16 millions a year, utter tho payment of the public debt, by organizing 9 board of internal improvement to survey all the great lines uf internal communication, and have run pa and pluns of the whole, with estimates ot their costs, in readiness, when the debt was paid, on which to expend this sur plus. This bill was passed with the powerful aid of the distinguished Senator from South Carolina, (Mr. MclJullie; and six years thereafter, when these surveys and estimates, under the diieetioii of Mr. Calhoun, wero nearly completed, and thu public debt nearly discharged, a bill for the subscription of stock in the Maysville road a link in a great chain of communication proposed to connect tho Ohio river Willi the gull ot Mexico was pasricu, and tins was tho occasion seized on by Mr. Vun Huron, as he would show, to break down this wholo system, and thus force bacK upon iheTrcnsury this enormous surplus, which could bo in no otherwise expended, sod thereby break down the tariff, destroy our manufactures, ruin agriculture and the mechanic arts, inundate the country with foreign goods, and export all the hard money in the country, to pay for them, and throw upon tho Slates the burden of making these works of internal improvement which they wore moreover lempled to undertake by tho promise of the distribution among them of this animal surplus of Id millions of dollars. Hut the first distribution of 15 millions had not yet been paid over, when Mr. Vun Huren wus elected 1'residenl. who immediately call ed an extra session of Congress, recommended tho repeal of the law, and withheld from tho States moro thannino millions of dollars, the 4 lit iiistulment of tho first distribution. The States thus tempted buying commenced their systems of improvement, wero obliged to go on, still hoping for tho promised aid, until they found themselves involved m a debt of 200 millions, which this Government was bound in good fuith lo pay out of the proceeds of the public lands or the surplus revenue, which would again rcpull from a protective tar ill', if that policy wero again adopted and adhered to. Now, wus it not clear that if tho Whig system had been maintained, and thu annual surplus of 18 mil lions had been applied to internal improvements sinco llic payment of the debt in ItSW, all tho works inado by tho States would havo been accomplished, and much moro without debt ur embarrassment of any kind. Ho would now prove, that Mr. Vun Huren hud himself contrived thu whole plan of breaking down this system which would ere now, have elevated this country to a point of prosperity and power without a parallel, and stmstituteil la own rioxtruc-tivo system which had crushed this great nation in spito of all its youthful energies, down to that de graded condition, xlruggliiig amid bankruptcies, and repudiation, State, national, and individual, in which it was found when I he lust VVlflg Congress assembled and from which that Congreos had succeeded in partially relieving it by pa-sing the Tariff of Mi and thus restoring the protective policy. To prove that .Mr. Van Huren wus, in (act, iho author of u II this mis chief, lie referred lo his letter to Sherrnd Williams of Kentucky, dated at Albany, the Hth of August, irMd; in which ho say., that ulthough he doubted the constitutional pocr of Conirresg to distribute the surplus revenue among the Mutes, yet, that he had "favored thu idea as the oidy means of arresting internal improvements by the General Government;" that General Jackson hud concurred in this opinion, and he hud accordingly recommended this plan of distribution; not in one, but in twomessnges, in which all the objections now urged by Mr. Van Huron's friends against it, were fully and satisfactorily answered; and he would commend this message to the attention of gentlemen now opposed to distribution. They would find this policy most ably advocated and defended in Gen. Jackson's annual mranngo, dated 7ih December, 1K)0. in which the fear was expressed, that Congress would appropriate the money to local objects, and to avoid this, he recommended that it be given to tho Slates, that they might approprnto it to national objects. Compnrativt trptnititurrnoftht Van Dunn ami WRif W'rm u i jtraf tons. When Mr. Van Huren came into power, he found tho Treasury with a surplus of LvJH.ltht, ft om which, deduct unavailable funds an J amount deposited with the States, and it still loll an available surplus of upwards of Hi millioni of dollars, to which add proceeds of bunk slock, &c. sold, upwards of 8i millions, making about U'i miliums of dollars of surplus funds; yet with all this, and more than III millions a year of revenue, ho left thu Treasury more th in 8 millions of dollars in debt, besides outstanding debts and claims amounting to several millioni more. On tho other hind, Mr. Ad-inn (when this oxploded and denounced American System was in operation) with six millions a year less revenue, paid ..ii i i i . . ..n: ..c .1. 11 . I uii 111 'i juorn, uiYiirus 111 '! minions ui uoiniraoi uiu war debt, and left a surplus of about six millions in Iho Treasury when ho retired. During Mr. Adams' Administration, (when liberal appropriations ncro mide for internal improvements,) the whole expenses of Govermunnt amounted on an nveruge, to about millions a year, while, during Mr. Van Huron's administration, lliey were increased to an average of more than millions per year, and in one yetir to mora than 1 millions, uoarly three times the amount expended by Mr, Adams. This wus tho "economy and reform of Mr, Van Huron's administration, and it was the benefits and blessings of this system gentlemen teem so anxious to havo restored. (Older, order, from all sides,) Theso wero "spoils" worth having; and no wonder, they worn somewhat impatient tuhavotheui again; theso wore facts which he wus prepared to tV4tuhlih by official documents; and such was the difference between the Van Jltircn and the American or Whig systems. (Hero was a gen-eral cull to order and much confusion.) As this seemed to ho an unpleasant topic, Mr. S. said he would turn his attention to something t o. What tfulast Vug ( uiigminnre ttnnfarthr country, Sevenl gentlemen bad inquired 'what tho last Congress the W7ng Congress had done for tho country. If in order ho would tell them: They h id restored the iril tonal prosperity by restoring thu protective policy. Tho beneficial effects of the Whig tariff of M'i, wero already seen, felt, and acknowledged throughout this country it had revived manufactures, created new nmrke;s fn the farmers, and hud given employment to luborers every whore it had turned tho b ilanco of foreign Undo from admit 'H) millions, tho average balance fr the lust 10 years, againit us, lo a vory large balance in our favor, (with (treat Hnltin alouu tho halunce lust year was I'UiOl (XtO in our favor) resulting in the importation of '1 milli ms of sp'vio, which hid found its way into the hanks, enabling litem to renin no specie payment; thus restoring q sound currency, and reducing the rales of interest Iroin 4 or 5 per cent, per annum. And whilst it bud conferred all those benefits, and many more upon the country, it hud at tho same timo increased the revenue from customs, ns appeared by the late Treasury report, finm $1 VliXsH in IHO, to 18,17tM'J0'iti IHI'J, and an estimated revenue from rustums of 'H) millions for thu current year, (and ho had no doubt it would exceed by it or -I millions this estimate,) making an increase of revenue in 18 It), of more than six millions amis hilf of dollars. Vet tho Globe and Mr. Van Huron's friends here nro crying out, "rrdnco tho tariff to increase iho revenue;" when wo hud too much revenue, the cry was, "reduce Iho revenue.' So whether we have too much or too little, the remedy was tho same; reduce Iho tariff! re-dura the tariff!! This was tho great panacea, tho Van Huren nostrum, to cure nil diseases. (Hero was another general cill to order.) Mr. S, said he was but answering iho inquiry "nbat had the late Whig Congress done for the country?" He whs "bowing thu important fact, thattltny hud done mora for tho country thin had been dono lor the last M years that they had lifted tho country up from the degraded and prostrate condition in which Mr. Van Huren had left it; and if gentlemen did not wish this question answered, they ought not lo have asked it. But Ibis was not nil tho Whig Congress hid dono for tho country. Hy tho introduction of pcnninny mid retrenchment, they had reduced thu expenditures of Government from J i :tt t,M4-l tho amount appropriated for H, to about VJ millions lust year. It had revived the policy, (wholly abandoned by Mr. Van Huron) of improving the navigation of tho Western water, and had appropriated $ I.VMM'O lo theso objects. (Hero Mr. H. was interrupted by the inquiry, where is Iho evidence that Mr. V ill Huron had abandui ed this pulicy ? ) Where is the evidence heroin tho records of this House. In tho lust two years of Mr. Van Huron's administration, the eit- mates of tho officers in charge of these works, were withheld by the Secrelury contrary to bis uniform practice, and contrury to his duty, unless ordered so hy tho Kxecutivc. Hut Mr. Van Huron had not only withheld tho estimates, and thus stopped the appro priatious for these objects, but he had actually sold tho snug bouts, and tho toots on the Cumberland mini, as the end and final winding up of all these ope rations; and whilst he thus withheld every dollar from the interior und tho West, lie more than doubled the expenditures of Government. (Here was an other cull to order by Mr. Cave Johnson and others sustained by the Chair.) Why hud tho gentlemen not called his friend from Missouri (Mr. Jumc-son)to order, when he applied all sorts of epithets to tho Whigs ? Called them the "fug ends" a pur-ty without principles, bunk and nuti-bank, tariff and unti-taruT, abolition and anti-abolition this was all in order. Ho had told us, that for "principles the Whigs had substituted counery, coon-skins, hard-cider, cider-barrels, canoes, and carousels." They had promisod much, and performed nothing. These wore the gentleman's words os reported; yet this wus all in order porfectly in order but to show in reply what tho Whig principles wore, and their effects was ull out of order. He it so. And as it was out of order to say any thing against Mr. Vun Huren, he would have lo submit and pass to something else. Loitk to Tariff and retrenchment for meant. It hud been asked by several gentlemen, where was the monoy to come from lo make the improvements? If in order, he would answer the iuqury. Ho would, in tho first place, adhere to the present protective tariff, which would soon yield an ample surplus, by muking tho people prosperous, and furnishing lli u m tho ineuns to purchuso and consume foreign imports; the revenue would always be in exact proportion to the ability of the people, to purchuso and consume foreign goods. And in tho next place, ho would gut the money for their Wustcrn improvements, by retrenching tho expenditures on the seaboard, on the army, and navy, ami furls, and fortifications. Tho increased expenditures for the war and naval departments, had been enormous, and ought to bo greatly reduced. Tho uvurugc expenditures for the war und navy departments durini; Mr. Adams' administration, amounted to only $7,750,000 per year; during Mr. Van Huron's administration, they had increased to 10,87,000 per year, and this year there is required upwards of J7 millions ! ! In these branches, there ought lo ho a reduction of five or six millions at least. Ho would never vote for duties on tea or colle, ur otherwise tux his constituents, to keep up these enormous and useless establishments usulcsi, and worse than useless. In peace and in war, a good system of roads and canals, with tho citizens, soldiers, and volunteers, rapidly concentrated and moved without fatigue to any point wuere uieir presence uii'ht Do required, was a more efficient and available system of dt.fence for such a country as this, than ull tho forts, and fortifications, and standing armies, that could bo raised. For this he had authority of the most distinguished men thai ever gr.iced tho War Depirtmcnt of this Government und among tfiem, Calhoun, (.Vim, and Xneer, whoso reports on this subject were most uble and conclusive. With tho rail roads sinco constructed fiom this city, North and South, wh it hostile foot could havo ever profaned this cnpitol ? It 'tore the enemy could havo got out lo sea from H iltimore, the forces from Hostou, New York, Philadelphia, and Ihllimore could havo been concentrated, with all their munitions of war, at this point for iU defence. Of what use were your forts the enemy went round them, and captured and burnt your city almost without resislnnce ; and with Iho present improvements in tho West, Upper Canada would have been taken without a struggle. He would, therefore, take from tho army and navy, ami from forts and formications, enough to inako ull tle?so Western improvements, without increasing Iho expenditures of the Govern-iut, or the burdens of the people. Tho claims of theso Western rivers to the fostering care of the Government wero peculiar and imperative. These rivers were tliu internal concerns it no Stato in the Union, they were external to all the Slates they were boundaries ; like the Atlantic. they washed the shores of in my St ilea, but passed through the territory of none. No State, therefore, r had, or ever would appropriate a dollar lor their improvement; hence they must bo improved by the Government, or remain forever as they now arc. Tho subject would, ho hoped, be referred to a select committee, or the Comuultpo on Hoads and Canals, and not to tho Ways and Means, who have, we are informed, refused lo appropriate ono do, lar to internal improvements of any kind, no doubt on constitutional grounds, as two-thirils id' that committee wore friends lo Mr. Van Huron, who denied the power, as had been shown. The Constitutional pomr cansittrnd. How any constitutional luwycr could ucnv to this Government the power to improve rivers and make roads and canals, ho had always been at a loss to comprehend. This power was just as clear, and sustained on presisely the sauiu grounds, as the pow er to erect a tort, improve a harbor, or to purchase a mail bag. Tho Constitution gave Congress no express authority lo do any of thuso things; they wero incidental tu tho power of defence of "regulating commerce" and "establishing post oftices." which power necessarily carried with them the means of their own execution ; but the erprtat authority was given to Congress to pass all luws necessary and proper to carry into effect theso powers. Hence the ower to defend thu country uuvo conirrcss the riffht to purchase cannon and erect forts as tho means of m l l I r i . ui'iciiiu. niMt, ii a r-uiroau or can ui was lounu io hi as available for defence as a fort, had they not as good a right to adopt it? Who could doubt it? The Constitution says "Congress may regulate commerce with foreign nations and among tho Stales." What right huvu you to build a ship or improves harbor? The Constitution is silent upon tho subject. it is ticcuiiso ynu nave the power lo regulate commerce with Jureifsn nations. And was it not manifest that you have precisely tho sumo power to regulate commerce among the States by improveing rivers or harbors, ur other means equally appropriate to this end? Most clearly. To have specified in the Constitution all the means, would havo been to make a rode and not a constitution. You have whole systems of legislation in relation to thu transportation of the mail ? Whence the right to pass all these luus imposing lines and forfeitures.'' It could only be sustained as incidental to the power conferred on Congress, "to establish post offices and poslroad." Now if roads were as necessary to tran-iport tho mail as coaches and contractors, mail bags, Aic, Ins Congress not tho same right to construct them as means to accomplish (his end ? Certainly they bad. Thus each grant of power carried with it as a necessary and indesponsablo incident, the means of its mvn execution. The military pow- ir carried tho right lo construct military roads; the commercial power, commercial roads, and the post olticc power, pol roads. W ilhout iho right lo adopt means, these grants of power would bu idlo and nugatory, Iti-u it is proposed to construct a road or cnn il, tho question for Congress to consider is, whether it is necessary and pnunir as a means ot executing any of the constitutional power of Con gress r iK-innce in war, commerce m peace, or tho transportation of Iho mail, if its fitness to any of these ends was admitted, the question was settled, an I this right to construct it was undoubted. This was briefly Ins view of the constitutional power of Congress over the whole subject, and it was fully sustained by Chief Justice IV lAn.itti.i. in (lie iiin-iutitlelivcri'tl in tlio cnan of MrCullorh mul MnrylntiJ. The Tnrijjf nml I'rvUHtoiu Mnny ppiitleniPii, hihI tho giMiili'inaii froin South Cirolinti (Mr. llot.MKHlmnoiiir tliu runt, hud iuiru- tliicctl tlir? Unt)' into tin. iliitriiiMtoii. Tliitt((i-iulc-man, ttdilreiMintf hiut'i'lf to tht Wustorn mciiibur, luttl mitrirt'.tcil tli.tt if tln'V woulil tn willi liimtotle- Htroy tlm tnnlV, liutvoulil mipmrlaiiiiiirDpriiitionfor tlio Miitiiuiiit. A a W'cttU'rn mitu, ho rojecti'il tho trontit'in'ttrii tirollWril mil. Ilo woulil not eminent Mutt tlio goutlcoinn Hlioiihl ilrivo a rlng'or oW into their vital,, even though ho niiht ho willing to vote pittniicu In ny their funeral cxpeimeit. i lt win utterly oiipoite-ii to the intriHliiction ol the ift'iillcinnn'ii wooden homo iulo Iho Wept Ho wiNhcil nono of tlio uontleitutn'ii lielit on giicli comliiion,. I lo woulil my to linn, "union ll.nmunetilonn ferenteK," Ifilwl irontloiuitn e.oiiltl pour out tho whole renoiirceii of tho iiovernineiit into iho iveM it woulil bo no coincU' Hiition, not tho tytho of a oompiMiHntion, for thu injury iIm repoil of tho titrill' wuulil Indict upon Unit (front aurii'llllliral country. Ilo deeply rtyretleil to co that tho Ilepreiienla-lives of .onto of tho Western Htntea on this Moor worn now nenrty unnniinoini nj?ittut tho protective policy, whero formerly (nit the journal, would uliow) they wero iinnntuiniHly in ill I ivor. Tlio We.teni people and their inlennH wort tho name now a then. Whence tin clnnjfe ? It win obviously political, i'hene State were now represented by Hie noltitcal frienila of Mr. Van Huren, who hail recently declared in a letter lo tho Kditor of tho Ku liinond Knquircr that ho waaoppoaed to the late protective tarill' "both in tti principles nttd detail.." 'I'liey niu.t therefore either abandon the protective policy, or abandon Mr. Van Huren ; anil it ,eein that they have determined In adhere to tho man, and abandon the cherished policy of tho Won, without which they novot cun be prosperous ; and this, upon some proper occasion, he would endeavor to demonstrate. He could not forbear, however, to notice briefly 4ome of the arguments urffed by .'entloiucn from the West aguiusl tho protective pulley, and ospeciully by tho gentleman from Missouri, (Air. Jameson,) wlm iiad spulfcn last, and whu hud but substantially repeat tlio objections tinted by Mr. Van Hurcu aid others. In reply, tic would submit very briefly some facts and general rejections, to which he invited the sober und dispassionate attention of the Western tanners, wtio could not long bo imposed upon by state Ihcorios in opposition to well known and ascertained facts. In the first nlace. the irentleuian from Missouri (Mr. Juineson) lias told us that tho foreign market was every thin), and the homo market little or nothing; "itiutono-tliird of tho Stato of Missouri could fur-' msti surplus agricultural produce enough to supply alt the persons engaged in manufacturing in the cist. That tho Westorn furmcrs were robbed and plundered by tho protective tariff for the benefit of tho Kantum manufacturers. ;l. rliutllie etl'ecl of tlio protective policy was to "increaso the prico of over) thing tho fanner has to buy, and reduce the price of every thing ho lias to hi." 4. That the protective duty was alwais added to the pricuoftlie goods and paid by tlio consumer, whether the goods wero of foreign or domestic origin, "for the manufacturer alwnys puts up his gouds to thu full amount of the duty;" and thus he says "the Woslern farmer is obliged to p ty from HO to HUO por cent, duty tolne Eastern manufacturer." .. lliattho "protective policy cruatos and cherishes monopolies." Now these comprehend all the great and substan tial objections urged ngainst the protective policy condensed into a simrlo view. They covered the whole ground, and thev wero alt con'.oineu in Mr. Van Huron's letter of tho l.'itli February Inst to tlio Indiana convention, and repented in uhnust every anti-tariff speech in and out of this House. He proposed to tako up ench of theso stereotyped objections and to show, not by theories and asser tions, nut uy ascertained and admitted tacts, that tliey wero not only false mid unfounded, but that exactly tho reverse of oacb was tlio truth; and ho would confidently submit the matter to the judgment of every farmer and every man in the country, who would give the fucts a calm and dispassiouatoconsideration. Now, sir, as to the 1st proposition: Is the foreign market for our agricultural produce every thioir, and tho domestic market little or nothing? By referring to the census of IH40, it would lie seen tint the agricultural productions peculiar to the States north and west uf the IJolouiac, Ohio nnd M isssi.ssippi, to wit: grain ol nil kinds, tlour, tnent, fruit, animals, animal productions, &C., amount to more than 1,000 millions ot 'lolurs, wlule the exports ol tlieso urticlefl for the Inst tui years to all tlio world amounted, on an averntre,t'ionly eight am) a half millions of dol lars'. ! Now, it the manufacturers uud the mechanics throughout the United Stales consumed only one-leulh part of these agricultural products, it would amount to 100 millions; yet thu homo market was nothing!! nml nne lhiril of tlio State nf Missouri would furnish a surplus mure thnn sullieientto supply all the Eastern ilcuinlnl ! ! Now lie nlliriued, and the geiilleinatrs own premises would show, that there was more than eight, and ho might say ten dollnr's worth nt' agricultural produce raised on tho soil of (troat Hrit-iin nnd sent, to Missouri for sulc and consumption, to one dollar's worlh of agricultural tiro-diico sent from Missouri lo droit Britain. This uiigh'. seem strnnire, but it wns true, not nnlv nf Mis souri, but of all the other Middle anil Western Slates. Foreign iniiorl.if(riruUuntl produce vietct for 'inits. Now ho presumed it would ho admitted it could not ho denied that unc-half, mid mure than one- half, of all ttio goods iiiuiorted from ubroad. was strictly agricultural produce, consisting of the raw material and bread stiills, the subsistence ot labor worked up and niiiiiuliirtureil into nrtli'les ut use. Well, the imports from EiiL'lniul in 18JA wero fttl.- 41ti,-lll!l, one-halt bcinir agricultural produce, would tniko $lli,7l,'2.!. Missouri contained one 45tli part ot tho entire iximilnliuli of tho United States. and tho gentleman snys consumes foreign iuisirts in proportion to tier population. She ttieretoro consumed, of tlio ngriculturnl imports fruui Knglaud, in IHII, ll,i; worth. Our exports of all the agricultural pruduce, and sold tier only 44,018 worth!! less than one-eight part. Hut is it true that one-half of the value uf nil foreign goods imported is agricultural produce? This is an important question. nnd ono which lie was anxious that the fnriuers of this country should thoroughly understand. It hnd not heretofore received duo consideration, and he was anxious to impress it unon the niiblic mind. Tako cloth, glass, iron, everything analyze tlicin, resolve them into their elements, so to sioak, nnd you will find that much moro than half of their price is inndo up uf agricultural produce. In a yard uf common cloth, take tlio wool, (itelf nearly half its value,) the brend and meat, nnd other articles composing iho subsistence of the labor employed in its manufacture, with other subordinate ingredients, and you will lind that three-fourths of its valuo is derived from tho produce nf tho soil; farmers often make in their own families woollen goods for consumption and silo to tho amount of hundreds of dollars, without purchasing a dollar's wortli of any tiling not produced on their farms. Is nut this cloth, then, inado up entirely of agricultural pro- uiicc.' Aim is not all cloth composed ol the samo materials, whether inado in factories or tin farms? If, then, ttio farmer purchases foreign cloth, does ho nol, in fact, purchase foreign agricultural produce converted into cloth, whilo his own produce is, to use the languago of tlio gentleman, "rotting on his hands for want of a uiarkel?" I low, then, can Western Representatives contend Hint it is better fur their constituent, to send their hard tnoury (for lOnglaitd takes no other kind) to purchase agricultural produce in tho shapo of goods, in preferenco lo establishing manufactories mid markets at their own doors, and keeping their money in active and profitable circulation nt home. Will yu foster tho interest uf British farmers in preference to nur own? In tho contest between ttio Hiitish ami American farmers for ttio American market, hu nsked genllo-. men from tlio West whirh side they would tnke? Tho protective tarill' is the American side which siilo will you take? This is the true question nt issue, it can neither bctlisguiseduorevailed. (Hero was a general call to order by thu anti-tnriff men.) Mr. S. remarked, lliat what lie bud said in resnect to clolh, wns eipi illy npplicnble tn iron, glass, nml tnueett every species ol mnniit'ictures. lie had himself made inm, and ho knew as a matter of personal observation and experience, tint when he sold his iron he paid eight dollars out of every ten of the wholo prico to tho neighboring farmers for grain, &c, to feed his horses, oxen nnd nudes nml liread, tnent, and domestic goods lo teed his hands. Four-lifths of tho wholo viluo of tho iron was therefore strictly and truly aerieiillurnl produce; nnd the Representatives nf farmers, with Mr. Van Huren at their head, wished to go to Knglnnd to buy irun, four-fifths of the value of which wns British ngriculturnl produce, in preference to .ustiiiniug these great markets for the fanners the iron works of our own country. Our iinpottntions of foreign gnndft for consumption (deducting re-exports) ainonntrd, upon aunver-nge, for the Inst ten years, lo $ I4,:t!iil,4:t4 per year; one linlT being agricultural, the result is that we havo imported from abroad iimiually into the United Stntes for snlu and consumption, i"i?,I!I!I.7I7 worth of agricultural produce, the growth of n foreign soil, whilst our whole exports of the agricultural products of tho Northern, Western and Middle Ktntes, hnvo fallen shurtofH millions, on nn average, for thu Inst ten yunrs. Wns this a sound systum fur a country in which seven-eighths of the enliru ixipulntion wero employed in agriculture? Hut thorn wns nnotlier view which showed tlie great valuo and importance of manufactures to the farmers to which he wished to call their specinl attention. Ilwustnis: Inlrl'j,wo exported r!, ll(t,l!i4 worth of domestic manufacture. onc-hiilf uf which (mid he might safely say two-thirds) was the produce of the fanners converted into goods nnd thus sent abroad fur sale, making an exportation of agricultural produce in tho shapo of goods, to tho amount ot n millions anil upwnnis: and this year, ho hnd no doubt, the amount uf domestic manufactures exmrted, would ho more than two mill ions of dollars, exceeding Iho whole exports nf grain, II nir, meat, fruits, animals, and animal productions, and this, too, in a form nol to effect injuriously the prices by overstocking tlio foreign market with ngricultural produce in ils raw nml unninnufnctiirod condition. In thin nay, Ureal Britain wns, in fact, the grentost exporter uf agriculturnl produeo in tlie world; not in lis rudo and origiunl form, but by doubling its vnlno hy tho addition of labor and protlts. In Irtll, her exports of inniiufiictures nmounted tn the ennrmnus sum of!0 millions of dollars, mnking her exports of ngriculturnl produce in this form, of 113 millions of dollars, The products of her labor-saving machinery, was equal to tlie labor of 8 millions of men, This was tho grcnt clotneut of weslth in Knglond ss it was and would bu hero, and every-whoie. Do, troy the labor-saving mnchiuery of Ureal Uritain and she would be bankrupt in a single year. By Ibis she laid the world under contribution, and euublcd her people to pay a50 mi, lions of dollars of revenue annually. So much for tho relative value of the foreign and homo market fur agricultural pruduce, and tho ctlect of the protective policy on tho iulcrcsl uf the fanners. The tffect of protection on prica. Tho next proposition of tlio gentleman from Missouri (Mr. Jameson) was, that "the ctlect of tlie protective policy was to increaso tlie price of every thing tlio farmer has to buy, and reduce the price of uvcry thing tho farmer has to sell." Now, does not all cxporienco, as well ns tho woll kn iwn laws of demand and supply clearly provo, that precisely the reverse of this proposition is the truth? The effect of the protective policy it is admitted on all hands, is to build up and increase thu number of manufacturing establishment, and thereby to increase llie demand for tlie raw materials, and bread stulli, produced by thu farmer, and thereby incretue (not dimmish) the price of every thing tlie farmer has to sell; and by increasing tbo number ol" manufacturing establishments, increase thu quantity uf in itiiitacturcil goods, and thereby rafuce (not increase) the price of thu goods which the farmer has to purchase. Henco by inrreasina the demund. you in- matt the price of every thing the farmer has to sell, anu oy augmenting tlio quantity, reduce Iho prico ol every thing the farmer has to purchase. Such was tlio well operation of the L'real law of deiumid and supply universal and invariable in its results; bo-sides, by increasing manufactures, you withdraw e lmiuu oi uie inuur eiupioyeu in ugnculture, ami employ in it manufactures, mskintr customers and consumers of those who wero before rivals in the production uf agricultural supolies. And these re sults were not only theoretically, but they were prac- ucany true, ne saw it stated tins morning in a paper from that gentleman (Mr. Jameson's) country, that wheul had recently risen 14 cents in the bushel. and that pork was selling for double the prico it brought just before Iho passage of the late protcctivo tarill; And on Hie other hand, he allinued it as a fuel, ho delicj contradiction, and invited gentlemen tu thu scrutiny, that there tins not a single article of ony sun or kind winch had been highly protected, iwnicn we una llie capacity lo produce, anil had succeeded in producing) that tho price had uot boen in- vanauiy leduccu uy the ho.no competition, stimulated oiid excited by protection to less, often to ono- nail, ono num. anil one- utirl h oarl of tho unco nan for tlio sume article when exclusively imported from abroad. Ho would refer to coarse cottons, for which every body knows, wo paid 15 and iiO cents a yard before it wus manufactured here, which is now bought (of better quality made ot homo and paid for in produce) nt 5 and (i cents a yard glass, for which wo paid when imported, IjM'J por box, isnuwmadcat homo for fri per box. This is tho way prices are iiicreaseii, anu uio luiliiers are 'Tolibed and oppressed," in the languago uf Iho gentlemen, by thu pro- lecuve poucy mis is tlio way this gentleman s constituents are lleecod of "half their hard earning by Kaslern manufacturers." Now lie defied the gentleman to put his finger on a single article in the wtiolo t ariffon which liiirh urotective duties had been lev. led, that had not ill time been reduced, and very greatly reduced in prico, by domestic competition anil yol, in tho face of theso facts, tlio gem Ionian stands up and gravely repeats this stall) and threadbare theory, "lb it protcctivo duties increase tlie prico oi every ming tno tanner Ins to nov-aml reduce llie price ol every thing lie lias to sell." The didi added lo the price nol true. Next tho gentleman tells us. that "the duty is nl ways added to the price und paid by the consumer, on both foreign and domestic iruuds: fur the domestic manufacturer, he s it s, always raises Ins goods by tlie amount of the duty," nnd I Ins theory is also ndvanc- eu uy mr. tanutircn in Ins letter to tliu Indiana convention before referred lo. Now let m see how till, theory will bear tlio test of a nriictical examina tion. The consumer has tu pay the duly lo tlio manufacturer; this is the universal theory. Now, if the gentleman would turn to tho tariff', ho would find that tho duty on tho lowest priced cotton goods, wns upwards of 8 cents per square yard ; those goods were soni to tno gentleman constituent in Missouri, for 11 cents, nnd uftcti less than u' cents per yard. Now if the gentleman would go home, and undertake to convince the simplest old woman in his uistrict, mat she wo oMigedtop iy the Eastern man illaclurcr 8 cents a yard duty on a yard of coarse cotton which she bought forsix, lie would undertake a Mas, in winch, with all hi el.xiiicnce and imrciiu ty, ho would utterly fuil. The doty on gloss was ".'! (er oox, a duty imposed when lureign gins was imported and sold at 10 and l i per box ; now it was selling in Ins country for &i 50 per box J the duly on nails had been 5 cents ier pound imposed when tlio prico was 10 or 111 cents, now lliey nro made and sold fir-1 cents; such wore tho fruits of the protective policy by which the prices of L'lass had been reduced from I0 to $'1 50, and nails from Vi tn 4 cents per pound, and tho snino was true ot paper, type, hardware, and an inlinilo varioty of articles Now, if the gentleman would mi home, and tell his cousiniienta the liunest, plain, common sonso farmers of Missouri, that they Ii id to pay 1 duty nn a box of gloss, which they could ntirchaso for i 50. and 5 cents a ioiind duly on nails, which they purchased for 4, they would laugh in his face. Vol ho nasjiisi gniveiy asserluu, that "Hie duly la always milled to the prico by tho liianufoclurer. and is nsid by the consumer." Nuw, with such fuel before liiin, he thought it might puzzle even a Van Buren man to believe Mr. Vun Huren himself, who had asserted this same thing in his Indiana letter, where pern ios the gentleman bad irot this idea. Tho gentleman next says, Hint tho protcctivo policy creates and cherishes monopolies. Now, if to in- eroiso competition tno admitted ettoct of this no - cy) was lo creato and cherish monopoly, then the KUNuvmnu was rigui ; mil it to promote coiiiput tion in ue.iroy monopoly, men tho gentloinan was wrong. In llns, as in all other coses, ilm rn i tlio gentleman' proposition was truo. l'rolitction promoter! competiliou, and thereby destroyed mo-noHily. This wo too clear to admit uf illustration or nrgumont. ilis tune was neorlv out. ami in ronelo.lnn ho would say, that ho adviieated Iho nroiociive rmlicv. u a iwuw i-aicuiaieu or intended to advance the interest ol the manufacturer nt tl,n vn.,,.n r . lu mber class ; on llie coiurarv. lie reuorileil it as not. icy eminently calculated to advance tho welfare and prosperity ol nitntnHun. . igrirullun irrr, the great ohjeel of Hit proMwr polieu It reduced the price of manufactured goods by. ,..,.,... uiK uouipeiiiiori, wuiinun uie otlierliiiihl.il enhanced the price of ngriculturnl produeo, by increns- n,x ms uuiiiuiiu ami diminishing the supply, bv with-drawing a portion of labor from this ureal ilcnsn. inenl ot industry, and employing it in tho consumption instead of tlio production of agricultural supplies. It was, therefore. fr ilm h..i..iii r tl... e.. men, and nol the manufacturers, ho advocated this poui-jr. Agriculture wan tho rrrent parent nf nrodnction it was iho great fouuinin of natural wealth andprus-peril)-, lit Hits cnuntry, where sovcn-eigliibs of llie enliro population wero omploicd in iigricullnro, it might be emphatically s t;,t tlio "farmer pre-duecd nil and paid nil:" and nt Hie ballot lm ii, wore all-powoiful. Ho liojiod they would for onco make common cause; that they would unite in one grent vigorous rtlbrt lo advance their own interest the inleresl f tlio nation; In protect and defend their own gruit Ainoricnn markets against tho efforts ol fnreignors tu occupy lliem, by breaking down our pmtertivo policy nml inundating our country with their agricultural produeo, manufactured and worked up into goods, mul thus sent horo for sale, while their uwn ports were hennetically o.iled ngninst our pniiliictions by nrohibiotrv duties, lie none .led to tho farmer of llie great west ho implored them in come to tno rescuo -to tlelend nnd maintain their own own great American interests, by electing men iai mis i louse and to tho Ivxccutive government, who would take the Amrican side agnitist foreignert in tl.is great struggle now going on for ttio Jrurn'rnn marxeu i he remedy wns in Hieir own hands, and it was their own fault if they fiilcd to apply it. If they failed, they themselves would bo the auHerrr. The great American Whig system hod been tried, fully tried. In IHHi wo pised a protective tarill', which, with the tariffs of I8J4 and 18-'8, had pnul otf (principal and inlen-st) of tho war debt, in IrCW, 'iB millions of dollars. It had furnished a sound and uniform currency; it had rendenul tho whnto country eminently prosperous in all its interests, ag. ricultural, manufacturing, and commercial, and just at tlie time ttiis wnr detit was paid oil) and the surplus nf 18 millions a year, derived from the protcctivo policy, wus about tu ho applied to the construction of those internal improvements, which hnd sinco involved tlio Slates in a foreign duht of more than 200 millions of dollars, them came "a frost, a killing frost;" this American system of policy wns, in the language of gentlemen, "exploded, nnd tho Van Huren system introduced by Mr. Van Huren himself, then primo minister, entahlished on its mins. In a few yeais tho expenses of (tovernmenl wero doubled, and almost trebled; internal improvement arrested and transfurrod lo Uia Suites; Uie protective tarilT repeuled and tho country mined: agriculture, manufacture and commerce, wont down together; and individuals and governments, State and nutionul, involved in one common scene of bankruptcy, repudiation, and deop disgrace. uch wore ttio cleur and undeniable fruits ol the Vun Huren policy, and such tho admitted condition of things in 1810, when the people, who had forborne till "forbearance ceased to be a virtue," rose in their might and resulved to throw oil this ruinous system, and return lo the system that had rendered them pros-porous; by one united and vigorous effort they had succeeded for Hie moment by the election uf Harrison and a Whig Congress, whu had partially restored the national prosperity by tbo tariff' of but al( their high hopes and brigtit prospects wero struck down by the death of their chief, and tho succession of a man who is now an adherent of the Van Huron system. Thus, sir, tho popular clforl of 1810, lo restore the Whig system, hud been defeated nnd postponed ; hut thank God, the tune is npproaching, and is at band, when the people would again come up with redoubled vigor and energy to the rescue. They wero del'eated in 1840, but in 1844 they would succeed, as he hoped and believed, by a still moro triumphant majority, bocause the ruinous effects ol iho Van Uureu system, and the beneficial effects of the Whig policy, were now more clearly seen and octtcr understood, 'l his was a contest tor mrrrxurtf, not for mm men wero nothintr. measure and prin ciple every tiling ; much tor weal or for woe depended upon the result; the futo of the country, be be lieved, wns involved in the issue. Shall tlie country get up and aguiu ailvanco in acureerof prosperity under new auspices, or fall back into tho wielch- cil and deplorable condition in winch Mr. Van Huren letl it in 1840. This was the great question atissuo a question which touched the interest of every man in this country deeply nnd vitnlly, and in rcfcrcnco tu which he could neither be indilferent nor silent. Agninst Mr. Van Buren personally, he had said nothing he had nothing tu say; it wus to his measures and principles he wus opposed. Ho firmly believed, before God, that the re-election of Mr. Van Huren would be the grentost calamity that could befall hi country. Under lhis solemn conviction ho felt it to be his duty to avert this cnlumity if he could. It wa a duty from which he could not be tlhcrted or driven by any species of intimidation here or else-whore. It wns a high duty he owed to his country ond his consti uents, and ho would ho false to them and to himself if he failed, on all proper occasions, firmly and fearlessly to perform it. TUK8DAY EVENING, MARCH 1!), 18-14. ANOTHER FAILURE OF THE MAIL. Wo havo no mail east of Wheeling again to-day. This is very provoking, and to us unaccountable. It ha been surmised that tho mails are so iinicli nvcrbtirlhcncd with franked electioneering document from the Loco-Fuco member of Congress, that every thing else is crowded out. Just at this time, when all eyes ore turned eastward, it is to bo hoped that such fuilurc will be very fow and very far between. llKl.l'.OATF. TO HAU'INIUKE CONVENTION. Tho Whigs uf Wayno and Stark counties, composing tho 18tb Congressional District of Ohio, havo agreed upon JOHN HARRIS, Esq., of Stark, us their delegate to the National Whig Convention. DANIEL L. Sl'RAGUE, Esq., of Woooter, is the substitute. Excellent apointiiiciits. A more thorough going, whole-souled Whig than John Harris, cannot be found. 1). N. Hprugue is the sterling editor of the Wooster Democrat. TO HE UNIVERSALLY READ! We publish to-day according lo promise, although to the exclusion of nearly every thing else, tho speech of Mr. STEWART, of Pennsylvania. It is a powerful, convincing, conclusive document. It i practical in its nature, and will commend itself to the good souse of every man, of whatever party ho may he. It deals in facts, stubborn, irrefutable fuels, that stand sustained by documentary ovidence nnd the universnl experience of the people! There is in it, no slang: no low, vulgar abuse; no degrading ap-pcnls to passions and prejudices; no miserable cant or party calcli-lraps, about "old John Mainl, Ilnmillo-nirin fioVriili'ini, and federal, hard cider drunkenness,'' such as form the principal ingredients in Loco Foco documents ! It deals not in abusive epithets, and hypocritical denunciation. It commends iuelf to the judgment and reason of every man. We hupo to ace it widely circulated in the State. Thousands of copies should circulate in every county. Accompanying tho spoech is a defence against tho disgraceful assault of Mr. Woller. Not a singlo position assumed by Mr. Stewart, wa controverted by Mr. W., and tbo former pledges himself to make good all he said, before tho whole country. Wo aro pleased to learn that he made a most triumphant ex-poso of tho iniquitous feature, oftlic now Tariff bill a few day since. LORAIN O. K. Tho Whigs of Lornin nro beginning to wako up. CLAY CLUBS nro being fonncd in many township and tho must hearty rusponso come up from every part of the county to Hie nomination of M iniiECAl HARTi.r.r as Governor. Let our Whig friends a-bmail set old lioruin down as sure for CLAY and HARTLEY! No mistake! ?urio Itepuklican. With all tho pleasure imaginable. We rejnico lo see our Lorain friends arousing for tho contest. Let them remember that much dejHuids upon them, and upon the district of which they form a part. Tho Iioco Foco members of tho conference commit-teo utterly refused to grant tho request of tho Whigs, and allow Lorain to go with Cuyahoga and Medina with Summit; because they knew that it would make bnth Whig districts, beyond poradventure; wherens, by putting Lorain and Medina together thoy entertain a hopo that Wmo ,'lbolilionislt will no voto a to k-cure the election of Imco foco candidate:' Shall tins be so? Whigs of Ijrain and Medina you ean and will prevent il! DEDICATION OF A CLAY CLUB HOUSE! Tlie Whigs of Cleveland dedicated the Club Homo on the 14th inst, Tho House- was crowded, niid a number of ladies wero present. (Now, for a Iico Foco yell.) Every thing wn conducted with the very best spirit, hut with the utmost propriety. Tho meeting was addressed by Messr. 11. Whito,L.C. Turner and J. W. Allen. The Glco Club made excellent music and the Bras Hand fathered green laurels. It was resolved Hint tho Whigs, not only of iho Re-servo, but nf tho North, Smith, East and West, all be invited lo attend the .Mass Convention at Cleveland, on tho loth day of May next. Tho oration delivered by 11. While, Esq., is very highly spoken of by the Herald. Whigs of Columbus, am you nearly ready for grand dedication rally in the now Club House? THE PREDICAMENT. The "JViriiiiiiigr," an independent German Loco Foco paper of Cincinnati, repudiate entirely the spirit anil sentiment, of Mr. Tod' letter to tlie Cleveland Committee, and withdraw his name from Iho head of its column.. Several Iieo Foco editors, who denounced Gov. Shannon's letter and llio'froii- or" who voted for the Wooster Bank Hill, publish tho letter of Mr. Tod in silence they re waiting fur their cue.' It is, as the Ixico Foco St. Clmrsvillo Gnxetto lays, a bitter pill for tho hards, but they must awallnw il down. Never wa a party ill such a gloriou predicament befnre! Never had jmrly surA a loader as Tod! One or two of those papers that denounced without stint, as infamously corrupt, the Recusants, and havo even refused to publish Shannon's letter, take down the dose nt a gulp, and swear lliat il i just the thing for the people, and just what might be etpeeled from n ronst'itenf, candid, ttraighl-formri man like Ton! On the other hand, the champions of Ihe. Ileeusants and tht defenders of .S'Viiinou, and a paper currency, nu'w a IrrmrriuW fioul otvr the iiahiis! and maintain that Mr. Tod takes tiartly the position of the soils, for iMiV'i (An Air heen so mercilessly denounced! They agtit ei nctly! RIGHT OFSUFFRAKR BASELY ASSAILED! Tho Isko Fia'o Legislature, of Now Jersey, hnvo passed a bill depriving of tho right nf null'ingc all the atudent at the Seminaries and AcaiUiuies! What outrage shnll we next bo called upon lo I record? THE NEW YORK ELECTIONS THE BALL ROLLS ON! Tho return of the charter elections in Now York. continue to come in gloriously! We gain at near ly every point, and wherever there wa a warm contest, our success wa most signal. In Rochester, a we have already mentioned, tho Whig Mayor wu elected by nearly !I00 vutes, whoro last year thero was a majority of 300 against us! The GER-MANS ond IRISH, rallied in support of Ihe Whig ticket nobly, botli in Rochester and Buffalo. .Men-roe co. how a Whig majority of 800 on Supervisors; at tho three preceding elections, it was less tlinn 100. Vfon ro. shows a Whig gain nnd a Whig majority in the popular voto. Otsego en. show a gain of il Whig Supervisors. Ihrkiner ro. about a ustiol. ienoi-, in Madison county, is Whig for tho first lime, for many yours, partially owing to local cause. In lyaraloga Co. tho Whig gains aro large. Ithaca, in Tompkins cn. has chosen Whig officers. Cortland co. has elected fvc Whig and four lioco supervisors, and one in dispute. Last year eight IiO co and three Whig ! Wyoming co. has elected fen Whig to two Loco supervisors ! Last year a Lo co majority ! Partial return show Whig gains in Genessuc, Essex, Chalauque and Frunkliu counties. New York will be redeemed ! C?" Hun J. Y. Mason of Virginia, has been con firmed by the Senate, as Secretary of the Navy. No iiilormution ot the confirmation of Gov. Shannun, na Minister to Mexico, hus yet been received. It i intimated in somo of tho Eastern papers, that there is some doubt about the confirmation of Gov. S. Want ofcnpacily is mentioned as one objection. We suspect that the location of iho nominee is the prin cipal objection. We havo no doubt that the friend uf tho Annexation of Texas, would prefer having a southern man succeed Mr. Thompson. What the sentiments of the Governor aro on the subject of Annexation, we aro not prepared to say; we hope, however, that ho is sound. And, we should rogrot to sco a Whig Senate hesitate as to his confirmation; as wo have every confidence that he will fill the post as creditubly as any man tiputi whom the appointment would be likely to full. REPEAL OF THE LAND DISTRIBUTION! It is generally known that tho bill for Hie Distri bution of the proceed of tho Public Lands, adopted by the last Whig Cungress, contained a clause by which it operations were suspended, whenovcr the rale of duties exceeded twenty per cent, ad valurem. It wus an improper provision, and was only agreed to, when found absolutely necessary to aavo tho TurifH Of course the law,ultliuugh remaining upon the statute book,' has been rendered hioperativu by tbo Tariff". Tho Loco Focos, however, determined that it should be repealed, A bill was brought in by Mr. Drouigoule, and by the immediate application nl lite previous autstion, wus forced through the va rious reading and is before tbo Senaio. What mny he its fate Hiero is somewhat problematical, but we think it will bo defeated. Tub Hot ki.su Vai.i.et Gazkttf.." Mr. Wil liams has sold out this establishment to Messrs. G. T. Stewart and N. II. Vas Voriif.s. The name of the paper will bo changed and several improie- menlf made in tbo incchauicnl appearance of the Gazette, by the new editors aid publisher. Mr. Stewart is at present editor of Iho "Tribuue," pub lished in this city. Wo wish him nnd our young friend Van Vorhcs, much success in their now en terprise. Athens county, can support a press well; and our acquaintance with mnny of the leading men nf that county, lead us tn believe they will du their wholo duly. NEW ORLEANS ELECTION. Tho Senate of Iiomsiana hnve resolved, hy a strict party vole, to count tho illegal vote given to Mr. Shdell, for Senator, and that gentleman will, there fore, bo permitted to tnke n scat as Senator, although his opponent has an undoubted tnnjority of the legal votes. This is another to the many outrsecs bv Inch the laws of the country havo been violated ami set at naught. "Tiik Youth's Visiter," is the title of a cheap and quite interesting little sheet, intended for tho uso of children, just commenced in Cincinnati. Mrs. M. L. Baii.kt is publisher and editor The subscription price is '15 cent per year, published monthly. "Tiik BvifLt Hi.ast." This is Iho title of a new- campaign pnicr from Hyracuso Now York. We need only say that our friend V. W. Smith, Esq. who won golden opinions a editor of tho Ohio State Journal, docs up tho editorials of the "Hugh lllaM," to convince our readers that it will do gallant ur-vico in the present campaign. LAFAYETTE BANK Il is stated in the Cincinnati Gazette that the Id- fiyetto Bank will, in all probability, accept the provisions of the late law, and continue to do business. Cnrreipoiulenre of the Hiillinmrc Patriot, WASHisimiM, March III, 1844. The President tn-dsy sent in tn the Scuolo the nominations of John Y. Mason, of Virginia, for tho Navy Department, mid Chancellor Woliiortb.of New York, as Judge of Hie Supremo Court. Both. I havo no doubt, will be confirmed. The Senate to-dny acted on tbo nominations of some District Attorney in the West, and Mr. Gaines and Mr. Rush, Choctaw Commissioneis, which they confirmed. A most singular and unexpected movement wo made tn-duy in tbo House, which guvo riso to proceedings equally as singular, and certainly quiio unprecedented. Mr. DnoiKiooi.r. surprised the lluuso hy bringing forward, as a report from tho Committee of Ways and Means, a bill tu repeal tbo act providing for the distribution of the proceeds of the sole of Iho Public Lands aiuung the State. Ilo immediate ly moved tlie previous question on the bill, and in that wny forced it through to its final pnssnee. with out allowing any timo or opportunity for deliberation or discussion. .Mr. Harm nl and oilier Whig member protested most earnestly against such summary action, on a measure of so much importanco, but M r. Drouigoule peremptorily refused to let it go into tho Coiiiutiltco ot Iho Wholo for discussion in the usual wuv. Mr. Carroll then moved to ay the bill on ilm table, and on this tnutiou tho yeas and nuys were-taken, Tho decision of courso was in tho negative, nnd the following is tho vole Ayes til, nay 110. i no previous question wus then seconded, and tho bill ordered lo be engrossed by the following voto Ayes ii.i. naystbi. 1 he question wns then about to bo taken on its fi nal psssaee, when Mr. Stewart succeeded in attract ing tbo Sicaltcrs attention, and enquired whether it would be in urder lo make any remarks on the lull. The Speaker replied Hint it would, and Mr. S. proceeded tn address tho I louse in opposition tu the bill. The Lneofocos were very much disappointed and mortified, Hut Mr. S. had succoeded in ohlainimr a hearing on the bill, but there was now no help fur iU They were therefore compelled, for an hour, toll. ten lo a ieorh that wns gall and wormwood to Ihrm, and which they repeatedly attempted to arrest by boisterous calls to order and other disorderly inter-mptioua. Mr. Dromgoolo also rrporled the Sub-Treasury hill, which a member moved lo lay nn Iho table. I'ho motion was lost by the following voto ayes tl, nays 100. Tlie bill wns then referred to the committee oflhe whole. Tiir Cot RT. The Court of Common Pleas for Portage county commenced its sitting on tho 5lh of March. The President Judge, Hon. Enux Nkwtoji, arrived on Thursday morning iho lith inst, and took his seat upon tho bench, and has at once applied himself tu Ihe duties of his station. Ohio Star, Skmatoriai. Ei.rcTtoM. We understand that tho ITnn I'tinrU. KUmi.n. Jiol.in nf llirt 1..,.I, f' will not issue ncertillcntc of election tn cither nf the aspirants for Senatorial honors, on Mnndny last Ho will simply send up the returns, broken box and nil, ni nn imij ,,,-,., n,,,i ivmn line 1,1 uit ride upon the merits of the question. .V. O. Tropic, .Harris ,. We lenrn that Jai or Wrcoi r Piatt tin resigned his .dilation as Clerk of tho Court nf Comnion Plena. We cannot say whether Ilm is the result of a strike, in consequence uf a contemplated reduction of the fees of office, or w hether, like a trim philosopher, ho is disgusted with its cores. Omriiinufi .'Mm.