Museum of Cultural History, Oslo

Museum of Cultural History (Kulturhistorisk museum (KHM)) is an association of museums subject to the University of Oslo, Norway. KHM was established in 1999 as Universitetets kulturhistoriske museum with the merging of the bodies Universitetets Oldsaksamling which housed a collection of ancient and medieval objects, Viking Ship Museum (Vikingskipshuset) at Bygdøy, the Coin Cabinet (Myntkabinettet) and Ethnographic Museum (Etnografisk samling). In 2004 the name was changed to Kulturhistorisk museum. [1][2][3][4]

The activities of the Museum of Cultural History are currently localized in four main buildings in Oslo city centre: Historical Museum at Frederiks gate 2 and Frederiks gate 3 and administration at St. Olavs gate 29, as well as the Viking Ship Museum on the Bygdøy peninsula.[5]

The Museum of Cultural History is one of Norway’s largest cultural history museums. It holds the country’s largest prehistoric and medieval archaeological collections, including the Viking ships at Bygdøy, a substantial collection of medieval church objects, and a rune archive. The museum also has a comprehensive ethnographic collection that includes objects from every continent, as well as Norway’s largest collection of historical coins.[6]

1.
Norwegian Museum of Cultural History
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Norsk Folkemuseum, at Bygdøy, Oslo, Norway, is a museum of cultural history with extensive collections of artifacts from all social groups and all regions of the country. It also incorporates a large museum with more than 150 buildings, relocated from towns. Norsk Folkemuseum was established in 1894 by librarian and historian Hans Aall and it acquired the core area of its present property in 1898. After having built temporary exhibition buildings and re-erected a number of rural buildings, in 1907, the collections of King Oscar II, on the neighbouring site, was incorporated into the museum. Its five relocated buildings, with the Gol Stave Church in the centre, is recognized as the worlds first open-air museum, Hans Aall was the director until his death in 1946. Under his leadership the museum experienced a growth of its area, staff, collections, buildings. Reidar Kjellberg became Director of the museum in 1947 and remained director until he retired. From 1990 until 2000, Erik Rudeng was the director, the director since 2001 is Olav Aaraas. Among the museums more significant buildings are the 13th-century Gol Stave Church, the Gol Stave Church is one of five medieval buildings at the museum, which also includes the 14th-century Rauland farmhouse and the 1865 tenement building relocated from 15 Wessels gate in Oslo. Seven of the nine flats show typical interiors from various periods of the 19th and 20th centuries, in 1951, the Sami collections in the Ethnographic Museum of the University of Oslo were transferred to the Norsk Folkemuseum. The museum also possesses a photographic archive, including a significant portion of the works of Anders Beer Wilse. In 2004, the administration of the adjacent Bygdøy Royal Estate was transferred to the museum, throughout its existence, research has focused on building and furniture, clothing and textiles, technical and social culture, agriculture, working memory and Sami culture

2.
University of Oslo
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The University of Oslo, until 1939 named the Royal Frederick University, is the oldest university in Norway, located in the Norwegian capital of Oslo. Until 1 January 2016 it was the largest Norwegian institution of education in terms of size, now surpassed only by the Norwegian University of Science. The Academic Ranking of World Universities has ranked it the 58th best university in the world, in 2015, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings ranked it the 135th best university in the world and the seventh best in the Nordics. While in its 2016, Top 200 Rankings of European universities, the university has approximately 27,700 students and employs around 6,000 people. Its faculties include Theology, Law, Medicine, Humanities, Mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences, Dentistry, the universitys original neoclassical campus is located in the centre of Oslo, it is currently occupied by the Faculty of Law. Most of the other faculties are located at the newer Blindern campus in the suburban West End. The Faculty of Medicine is split between several university hospitals in the Oslo area, the university was founded in 1811 and was modeled after the University of Copenhagen and the recently established University of Berlin. It was originally named for King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway, the university is informally also known as Universitetet, having been the only university in Norway, until 1946 and was commonly referred to as The Royal Fredericks, prior to the name change. The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in the universitys Atrium, from 1947 to 1989, since 2003, the Abel Prize is awarded in the Atrium. Five researchers affiliated with the university have been Nobel laureates, in 1813, The Royal Frederiks University was founded in Christiania, a small city at that time. Circumstances then changed dramatically one year into the commencement of the university, however, independence was somewhat restricted, as Norway was obliged to enter into a legislative union with Sweden based on the outcome of the War of 1814. Norway retained its own constitution and independent state institutions, although royal power, at a time when Norwegians feared political domination by the Swedes, the new university became a key institution that contributed to Norwegian political and cultural independence. The main initial function of The Royal Frederick University was to educate a new class of civil servants, as well as parliamentary representatives. The university also became the centre for a survey of the survey of culture, language, history. The staff of the university strove to undertake a range of tasks necessary for developing a modern society. Throughout the 1800s, the academic disciplines gradually became more specialised. Classical education came under increasing pressure, Education, health services and public administration were among those fields that recruited personnel from the universitys graduates. Research changed qualitatively around the turn of the century as new methods, scientific theories and it was decided that teachers should arrive at their posts as highly qualified academics and continue academic research alongside their role as teachers

3.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him

4.
Viking Ship Museum in Oslo
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The Viking Ship Museum is located at Bygdøy in Oslo, Norway. It is part of the Museum of Cultural History of the University of Oslo, and houses archaeological finds from Tune, Gokstad, Oseberg, the main attractions at the Viking Ship Museum are the Oseberg ship, Gokstad ship and Tune ship. Additionally, the Viking Age display includes sledges, beds, a cart, wood carving, tent components, buckets. The museum is most famous for the completely whole Oseberg ship, in 1913, Swedish professor Gabriel Gustafson proposed a specific building to house Viking Age finds that were discovered at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The Gokstad and Oseberg ships had been stored in temporary shelters at the University of Oslo, an architectural contest was held, and Arnstein Arneberg won. The hall for the Oseberg ship was built with funding from the Parliament of Norway, the halls for the ships from Gokstad and Tune were completed in 1932. Building of the last hall was delayed, partly due to the Second World War, and it houses most of the other finds, mostly from Oseberg. On 20 December 2000 the University of Oslo supported a proposal by the Historical Museum to move the ships and all the goods to a proposed new museum in Bjørvika. There has been debate about this suggestion, both in the museum and archaeological community as well as in the media. A risk assessment has been carried out on one side of the Oseberg ship, in 2015 the Ministry let Statsbygg go-ahead and announce a competition for the expansion of existing facilities at Bygdøy. The winner of the competition was released the 12 April 2016. Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde Brøgger, A. W. and Schetelig, H. Osebergfundet Brøgger A. W. and Shetelig, H. Osebergdronningens grav Viking Ship Museum website

5.
Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
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The Viking Ship Museum is located at Bygdøy in Oslo, Norway. It is part of the Museum of Cultural History of the University of Oslo, and houses archaeological finds from Tune, Gokstad, Oseberg, the main attractions at the Viking Ship Museum are the Oseberg ship, Gokstad ship and Tune ship. Additionally, the Viking Age display includes sledges, beds, a cart, wood carving, tent components, buckets. The museum is most famous for the completely whole Oseberg ship, in 1913, Swedish professor Gabriel Gustafson proposed a specific building to house Viking Age finds that were discovered at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The Gokstad and Oseberg ships had been stored in temporary shelters at the University of Oslo, an architectural contest was held, and Arnstein Arneberg won. The hall for the Oseberg ship was built with funding from the Parliament of Norway, the halls for the ships from Gokstad and Tune were completed in 1932. Building of the last hall was delayed, partly due to the Second World War, and it houses most of the other finds, mostly from Oseberg. On 20 December 2000 the University of Oslo supported a proposal by the Historical Museum to move the ships and all the goods to a proposed new museum in Bjørvika. There has been debate about this suggestion, both in the museum and archaeological community as well as in the media. A risk assessment has been carried out on one side of the Oseberg ship, in 2015 the Ministry let Statsbygg go-ahead and announce a competition for the expansion of existing facilities at Bygdøy. The winner of the competition was released the 12 April 2016. Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde Brøgger, A. W. and Schetelig, H. Osebergfundet Brøgger A. W. and Shetelig, H. Osebergdronningens grav Viking Ship Museum website

6.
Ethnographic
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Ethnography is the systematic study of people and cultures. It is designed to explore cultural phenomena where the researcher observes society from the point of view of the subject of the study, an ethnography is a means to represent graphically and in writing the culture of a group. The word can thus be said to have a double meaning, the resulting field study or a case report reflects the knowledge and the system of meanings in the lives of a cultural group. The typical ethnography is a study and so includes a brief history, and an analysis of the terrain, the climate. In all cases it should be reflexive, make a contribution toward the understanding of the social life of humans, have an aesthetic impact on the reader. An ethnography records all observed behavior and describes all symbol-meaning relations, the word ethnography is derived from the Greek ἔθνος, meaning a company, later a people, nation and -graphy meaning field of study. Ethnographic studies focus on large groups of people who interact over time. Ethnography is a design, where the researcher explains about shared learnt patterns of values, behaviour, beliefs. The field of anthropology originated from Europe and England designed in late 19th century and it spread its roots to the United States at the beginning of the 20th century. Some of the main contributors like EB Tylor from Britain and Lewis H Morgan, franz Boas, Bronislaw Malinowski, Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, were a group of researchers from United States who contributed the idea of cultural relativism to the literature. He gives the point of the native and this became the origin of field work. Since Malinowski was very firm with his approach he applied it practically and he was interested in learning the language of the islanders and stayed there for a long time doing his field work. The field of ethnography became very popular in the late 19th century, again, in the latter part of the 19th century, the field of anthropology became a good support for scientific formation. Though the field was flourishing it had a lot of threat to encounter, post colonialism, the research climate shifted towards post-modernism and feminism. Therefore, the field of anthropology moved into discipline of social science, gerhard Friedrich Müller developed the concept of ethnography as a separate discipline whilst participating in the Second Kamchatka Expedition as a professor of history and geography. Whilst involved in the expedition, he differentiated Völker-Beschreibung as an area of study. This became known as ethnography, following the introduction of the Greek neologism ethnographia by Johann Friedrich Schöpperlin, there are different forms of ethnography, confessional ethnography, life history, feminist ethnography etc. Two popular forms of ethnography are realist ethnography and critical ethnography, realist ethnography, is a traditional approach used by cultural anthropologists

7.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation

8.
Blindern
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Blindern is the main campus of the University of Oslo, located in Nordre Aker in Oslo, Norway. Most of the departments of the University of Oslo are located at Blindern, other, smaller campuses include Sentrum, Gaustad, the central building is the new university library, Georg Sverdrups house. Though the construction of a university campus at Blindern was decided on as early as 1921, only in 1960 was Upper Blindern, the area most associate with the University today, finished. UiO today has approximately 32,000 students, the campus is named after the old farm Blindern from Norse Blindarvin. The first element is probably the genitive of an old name of the brook, Blindernbekken, the word Blind is derived from the fact that parts of the brook were hidden to see since the brook had a deep course. In the 18th and 19th century the owners were among the farmers who employed modern methods of agriculture. Halvor Blinderen was a farm owner and was among the first farmer to grow potatoes in Norway. In the 1850s parts of the Blindern farm were made the vicarage of Vestre Aker parish, among the parsons was poet and folklorist Jørgen Moe, who is buried at the churchyard

9.
University of Oslo Faculty of Law
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The Faculty of Law of the University of Oslo is Norways oldest law faculty, established in 1811 as one of the four original faculties of The Royal Frederick University. Alongside the law faculties in Copenhagen, Lund and Uppsala, it is one of Scandinavias leading institutions of legal education and its law programme is one of the most competitive programmes to get into at any Norwegian university, with an acceptance rate of 12%. The faculty offers education and conducts research in law and in related areas such as criminology and sociology of law, and historically also in economics. The old campus includes three buildings, called Domus Academica, Domus Media and Domus Bibliotheca, centered on the University Square. The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in the atrium of the building of the old campus, Domus Media, 1947–1989, and since 2003. The Parliament of Norway convened in the Old Ceremonial Hall in Domus Academica 1854–1866, the faculty publishes several academic journals, including the English-language journal Oslo Law Review. The University of Copenhagen was founded in 1479, with the rise of absolute monarchy and a more professional civil service, legal education became of central importance by the early 18th century. In 1816, its first lecturers were appointed by the government, Lorents Lange was appointed Professor of Jurisprudence, Norway and Denmark hence shared a common legal tradition and in fact many of the same laws. The curriculum of the Faculty of Law in Christiania was hence to a degree a direct continuation of the curriculum. Similarities exist until this day, although they have gradually been weakened, the field of economics as an academic discipline in Norway evolved at the Faculty of Law. In 1840, a chair in Jurisprudence, Economics, and Statistics was created by the King, the Master or Laws or the former Candidate of Law are the only degrees qualifying for legal work in Norway. Norway has a legal profession and all persons working in legal occupations have the same education. Alongside the programme in medicine, the programme in law in Oslo is one of the most competitive to get into at any Norwegian university with a rate of 12%. Although students do not receive a degree before they have completed the five-year programme. In the fifth year, students write a thesis corresponding to one semester. Alternatively, they may choose to write a thesis, corresponding to a full year. Parts of the year, or even the full year. The fifth year leads to the Master of Laws degree, from 1840 to 1966, the field of economics was part of the Faculty of Law, and most of the professors of economics until the mid 20th century had a background in law

10.
Nordic Centre in India
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The Nordic Centre in India is a consortium of leading universities and research institutions in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. It was established in 2001 with the objective to facilitate cooperation in research, through academic exchange NCI seeks to strengthen Indo-Nordic ties and understanding. In 2004, NCI was approved by the Indian government and could set up an office in India. The organizational structure of the Nordic Centre in India consists of the General Assembly, the Board, the General Assembly includes representatives from all the Nordic member universities and handles all matters of principle and of strategic importance for the NCI. The Board consists of one elected Chairperson and five members and their deputies from each Nordic country and ensures that NCI operates in accordance with its aims, the Director is appointed for a fixed period of time and is responsible for the daily activities. The Nordic secretariat and office of NCI circulates between the universities and is currently located at the Umeå University, Sweden. Scholars and representatives of the universities also have the opportunity to stay at the Directors residence in Delhi. With India in context, this aims to deliberate and provide an intensive immersion in Human Rights Law

11.
University Library of Oslo
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The University of Oslo Library is a library connected to the University of Oslo. Like the university, it was established in 1811 with Georg Sverdrup as the first head librarian and it originally doubled as the Norwegian national library, and was located at the old University of Oslo campus. In 1913 the current library building in Henrik Ibsens gate was completed, head librarian at the time, from 1876 to 1922, was Axel Drolsum. In 1989 the institution National Library of Norway was established and it finally took over the national library tasks from the University Library in 1998, allowing the latter to concentrate on university matters. The same year, the University Library left the building in Henrik Ibsens gate for the newly constructed Georg Sverdrups House, located at the modern University of Oslo campus at Blindern

12.
Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo
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The Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo is Norways oldest and largest museum of natural history, situated in Oslo. It traces its roots to the University Botanical Garden, which was founded near Tøyen Manor in 1814, museums for zoology, botany and geology were added approximately a hundred years later, when the university campus in central Oslo had become too small for such purposes. Major proponents were Waldemar Christofer Brøgger and Nordal Wille, for most of the twentieth century the museums and botanical garden were organized in five different entities, these were merged on 1 August 1999. The current name dates from 2005, the Zoological and Geological museums are popular with families. Among the attractions is the Darwinius masillae fossil Ida, a primate from Eocene, official site Panorames from the exhibits

13.
University Botanical Garden (Oslo)
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The University Botanical Garden is Norways oldest botanical garden. It was first established in 1814 and is administrated by the University of Oslo and it is situated in the neighborhood of Tøyen in Oslo, Norway. Tøyen i Aker was originally an estate owned by the Nonneseter Abbey, Norways Chancellor Jens Bjelke acquired the property about 1620. King Frederik VI of Denmark later acquired the estate and subsequently gifted the property to the University of Christiania in 1812, in 1814, work began on the University Botanical Garden. The University of Oslos oldest building, Tøyen Manor, is located in the garden, johan Siebke was the botanical gardener at the Botanical Garden from the date of establishment. He contributed greatly to the planning and construction of the botanical garden, the garden originally covered 75,000 square metres, but has since doubled in size. Botanical Museum which dated to 1863 was merged with the Botanical Garden in 1975, the collection includes roughly 35,000 plants of about 7,500 unique species. Official website of the Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo

14.
Oslo University Hospital
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The Oslo University Hospital is the largest hospital in Scandinavia, with a work force of around 25,000. It was established on 1 January 2009, by the merger of three of the university hospitals in Oslo, Rikshospitalet, Ullevål University Hospital, and Aker University Hospital and it is affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Oslo. Bjørn Erikstein has been CEO since 2011, Oslo University Hospital consists of eight medical divisions in addition to the central unit, Oslo Hospital Services, which provides non-medical services to the rest of the hospital. The hospital has a budget of NOK17.5 billion. Oslo University Hospital is an hospital for East and Southern Norway and has national emergency cover. The hospital is responsible for ambulance services, the 113 emergency calls service, air ambulance and patient transportation in Oslo. Oslo University Hospital is a significant rôle player within the education of a variety of health care personnel. More than 50 per cent of the medical research in Norwegian medical centres is performed at Oslo University Hospital. This is the result of the general research strategy and its extensive international and national network cooperation. Bjørn Erikstein Siri Hatlen Official website Oslo University Hospital Research

15.
Rikshospitalet
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Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet is one of the four main campuses of Oslo University Hospital in Oslo, Norway. It was an independent hospital, Rigshospitalet, later spelled Rikshospitalet, from 1826 to 2009 and it is a highly specialized university hospital with special assignments in research and the development of new methods of treatment. Rikshospitalet is a part of Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority, about 60% of the patients admitted to Rikshospitalet are referred from other hospitals in Norway for more specialized investigations and treatment. In Norway, Rikshospitalet plays an important part with expert knowledge of the treatment of rare, Rikshospitalet covers the whole country in various fields, including organ and bone marrow transplants, advanced neurosurgery, and treatment of children with congenital malformations. Rikshospitalet is also responsible for care to the Norwegian Royal Family. It is renowned for its architecture, Rikshospitalet merged in with the Norwegian Radium Hospital to create Rikshospitalet–Radiumhospitalet. The English form of the name was The University Hospital Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet, later the notation was changed to Rikshospitalet HF and that name now covers, what used to be,12 different governmental hospitals, each with their own specialities, now under the same branding. The hospital is the last stop on the Ullevål Hageby Line of the Oslo Tramway, Rikshospitalet Station is served by lines 17 and 18. Oslo Heliport, Rikshospitalet consists of a 20. 55-meter diameter helipad 20 meters from the emergency department and it was previously located between Ullevålsveien and Pilestredet—roads in Oslo. 1 April 1944, a station of The Resistance, located in the loft of Womens Clinic, was raided on 1 April 1944. It moved to its current location in 1999

16.
Akershus University Hospital
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The Akershus University Hospital is a Norwegian public university hospital located in the Lørenskog municipality, in the county of Akershus, east of the Norwegian capital Oslo. It is a hospital and one of four university hospitals affiliated with the University of Oslo. Akershus University Hospital has 699 beds in somatic sector, and 254 beds in psychiatric sector, in November 2008 a new hospital building designed by Danish architecture practice Arkitektfirmaet C. F. Møller opened. Setting new standards for hospital architecture in Norway, at the time of its construction, Akershus University Hospital was officially opened on 15 May 1961 as the Akershus Central Hospital. In 1978, the hospital began its second phase, and it has since been built a series of individual buildings. The Norwegian Parliament decided in 1999 that the then Central Hospital of Akershus would be a teaching hospital, the first teaching programs started in 2001 and it was promptly escalated so as to give the medical students proper teaching for the entire duration of their study. Today the faculty division is one of the ten departments affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Oslo, since 2002, the university hospital figured prominently in medical research and medical education. In 2003 the Storting gave the go-ahead for a new University Hospital in Oslo to be built, the executive board at the Southern and Eastern Norway Regional Health Authority determined on 18 December 2003 that construction work would start in March 2004. It was to be designed by the Danish architects from the firm C. F Møller and was estimated to cost around $1. 7bn, on 1 March 2004 the then Health Minister Dagfinn Høybråten undertook the first sod. The hospital was completed 1 October 2008, and boasted to be the most modern hospital in Europe, after Akershus University Hospital became a teaching hospital in 2000 a separate Center for Research was established. Since then, the center received an increasingly central place in the hospital. Both somatic and psychiatric departments have contributed to the positive development, the Hospital aims to ensure that both the research and teaching at the hospital maintains a high professional level, and that the basis of the activity must be the hospitals own patient population. The research aims to provide results that are useful for diagnosis and treatment. It should be progressive by adopting the opportunities that modern medicine and technology offers, Research takes place across organizational structure of the hospital, and in all departments. 250 scientific publications per year, in the leading journals. Recently an article published in Time magazine received international attention, like all large public construction projects in Norway, Akershus University Hospital was constructed along with a special art project. The budget for the art project was estimated at a total of around $7 million, with a hospital building of 137,000 square meters, one of the strategic choices was to focus on getting few and building-integrated masterpieces. The art collection includes twelve major works, which are intended and designed for their specific

17.
Chateau Neuf
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Chateau Neuf is a building in Oslo, Norway that houses Det Norske Studentersamfund, including cafes, bars, performance centers, and other facilities for student assembly. It is situated at Slemdalsveien 15 near Majorstuen just south of the campus of the University of Oslo at Blindern. In 1940, the society was offered Logen, but this fell apart with the German invasion of Norway. In the 1950s, funds were raised to build a new structure, based on the University of Oslos expansion plans, the site was picked, though the university changed its plans after Chateau Neufs construction had started. Ground was broken by C. J. Hambro in 1963 in commemoration of the 150th anniversary of the founding of the society, the architects were Kjell Lund and Nils Slaatto. Construction was complete in 1971 and officially opened in 1973

18.
Norwegian Students' Society
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Norwegian Students Society is Norways oldest student society. The Norwegian Students Society was established during 1813 in Oslo, Norway, two years after the Royal Frederick University was founded,18 of the 19 students formed the Norwegian Students Society. It has been the centre of debate, culture and politics for over 200 years, the idea was to make a social, intellectual and cultural arena for the students in Norways capital. Originally a closed literary club, in 1820 it was opened for all students, in future years, the Society played a role in national debate, including contributing substantially to the establishment of May 17th as Norwegian Constitution Day. Today the Society is located at Chateau Neuf, a concrete block building to the south of the Blindern Campus. Opened in 1971, the building contains several cafes and a cinema. Most of the activity at Chateau Neuf is generated by volunteers with people signing up for the different jobs at hand. The Society frequently arrange debates, lectures and concerts, the Society also hosts its own theater and music groups

19.
Universitas (newspaper)
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Universitas is a student newspaper in Oslo, Norway, published since 1946. With a weekly circulation of 17,000, Universitas is one of Europes largest student newspapers and it is distributed on campuses of institutions of higher learning, that are affiliated with the Student Welfare Organisation in Oslo. The newspaper is considered as student welfare, and is paid for by the students semester fee. Universitas is published both in Norwegian and English, the newspapers principles state that Universitas is a newspaper made by students, for students. The publications first editor was the professor in literature and Henrik Ibsen expert. In the early years, Universitas had a council, where professor names like Arne Næss. In more recent years, many profiles from Norwegian media has started their careers in the newspaper, including Øystein Sørensen, Kjetil Rolness, Ivar Hippe and Tor Edvin Dahl. Many illustrators also began drawing for Universitas, Ellen Auensen, Christopher Nielsen, Mikael Holmberg, Ola A. Hegdal, today, Universitas is produced by a staff led by the full-time engaged chief editor and the assisting editor. Part-time working section chiefs have responsibility for their working area. About 25 journalists and photographers work on a basis, paid per contribution. Universitas is published in study semesters, aside from editorial staff, an administrative director and a sales director work in Universitas. In 1990, the paper again boosted the rate and became a weekly. In 2004, it went up from 32 to 34 editions per year, the chief editor is employed for one calendar year. Chief editor in 2009 is Aksel Kjær Vidnes, every semester Universitas employs journalists, photographers and designers. Administrative director since autumn 2002 has been Camilla Svendsen Skriung and chair board leder in 2008-2010 is Haakon Riekeles, the newspapers location is in Moltke Moes vei at Blindern, the main campus of the University of Oslo. Knutsen 1967 Nils M. Wathne 1975 Erling Borgen 1976 Erling Borgen 1977 John Olav Egeland 1978 John Olav Egeland 1979 Arne O. Holm 1980 Arne O

Norwegian Museum of Cultural History
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Norsk Folkemuseum, at Bygdøy, Oslo, Norway, is a museum of cultural history with extensive collections of artifacts from all social groups and all regions of the country. It also incorporates a large museum with more than 150 buildings, relocated from towns. Norsk Folkemuseum was established in 1894 by librarian and historian Hans Aall and it acqui

University of Oslo
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The University of Oslo, until 1939 named the Royal Frederick University, is the oldest university in Norway, located in the Norwegian capital of Oslo. Until 1 January 2016 it was the largest Norwegian institution of education in terms of size, now surpassed only by the Norwegian University of Science. The Academic Ranking of World Universities has

1.
King Frederick VI of Denmark and Norway was the founder of the university

2.
University of Oslo (The Royal Frederick University)

3.
The Faculty of Law. The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in this building until 1989.

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Central campus of the university, where today only the faculty of law is located. These buildings were inspired by the famous buildings of Prussian architect Karl Friedrich Schinkel in Berlin.

Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney u

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The helmet found at Gjermundbu near Haugsbygd, Buskerud, is the only Viking Age helmet that has been found.

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Flag

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The Gokstad ship at the Viking Ship Museum in Oslo, Norway

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The Battle of the Sound between an allied Dano-Norwegian– Dutch fleet and the Swedish navy, 8 November 1658 (29 October O.S.)

Viking Ship Museum in Oslo
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The Viking Ship Museum is located at Bygdøy in Oslo, Norway. It is part of the Museum of Cultural History of the University of Oslo, and houses archaeological finds from Tune, Gokstad, Oseberg, the main attractions at the Viking Ship Museum are the Oseberg ship, Gokstad ship and Tune ship. Additionally, the Viking Age display includes sledges, beds

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Vikingskiphuset, Bygdøy.

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Viking Ship Museum and the Oseberg Ship.

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The Oseberg Ship prow.

Viking Ship Museum (Oslo)
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The Viking Ship Museum is located at Bygdøy in Oslo, Norway. It is part of the Museum of Cultural History of the University of Oslo, and houses archaeological finds from Tune, Gokstad, Oseberg, the main attractions at the Viking Ship Museum are the Oseberg ship, Gokstad ship and Tune ship. Additionally, the Viking Age display includes sledges, beds

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Vikingskiphuset, Bygdøy.

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Viking Ship Museum and the Oseberg Ship.

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The Oseberg Ship prow.

Ethnographic
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Ethnography is the systematic study of people and cultures. It is designed to explore cultural phenomena where the researcher observes society from the point of view of the subject of the study, an ethnography is a means to represent graphically and in writing the culture of a group. The word can thus be said to have a double meaning, the resulting

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A picture of the Izmir Ethnography Museum (İzmir Etnografya Müzesi) from the courtyard.

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Ethnography museum

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Bronisław Malinowski among Trobriand tribe

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Part of the ethnographic collection of the Međimurje County Museum in Croatia

Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a

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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.

Blindern
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Blindern is the main campus of the University of Oslo, located in Nordre Aker in Oslo, Norway. Most of the departments of the University of Oslo are located at Blindern, other, smaller campuses include Sentrum, Gaustad, the central building is the new university library, Georg Sverdrups house. Though the construction of a university campus at Blind

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Department of Physics, the second building to be erected on the university campus University of Oslo, Blindern.

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Rectory for Vestre Aker parish Built between 1790 and 1800

University of Oslo Faculty of Law
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The Faculty of Law of the University of Oslo is Norways oldest law faculty, established in 1811 as one of the four original faculties of The Royal Frederick University. Alongside the law faculties in Copenhagen, Lund and Uppsala, it is one of Scandinavias leading institutions of legal education and its law programme is one of the most competitive p

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Domus Media. The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded annually in this building 1947–1989

Nordic Centre in India
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The Nordic Centre in India is a consortium of leading universities and research institutions in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. It was established in 2001 with the objective to facilitate cooperation in research, through academic exchange NCI seeks to strengthen Indo-Nordic ties and understanding. In 2004, NCI was approved by the Ind

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NCI logo

University Library of Oslo
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The University of Oslo Library is a library connected to the University of Oslo. Like the university, it was established in 1811 with Georg Sverdrup as the first head librarian and it originally doubled as the Norwegian national library, and was located at the old University of Oslo campus. In 1913 the current library building in Henrik Ibsens gate

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The former building from 1913, today used by the National Library of Norway

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The current main building, Georg Sverdrup's House

Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo
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The Natural History Museum at the University of Oslo is Norways oldest and largest museum of natural history, situated in Oslo. It traces its roots to the University Botanical Garden, which was founded near Tøyen Manor in 1814, museums for zoology, botany and geology were added approximately a hundred years later, when the university campus in cent

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Mounted thylacine from the Zoological museum.

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Detail of the Apollo 17 exhibit from the Geological museum, showing a moon rock and a space flown Norwegian flag.

University Botanical Garden (Oslo)
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The University Botanical Garden is Norways oldest botanical garden. It was first established in 1814 and is administrated by the University of Oslo and it is situated in the neighborhood of Tøyen in Oslo, Norway. Tøyen i Aker was originally an estate owned by the Nonneseter Abbey, Norways Chancellor Jens Bjelke acquired the property about 1620. Kin

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The University Botanical Garden

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Tøyen hovedgaard

Oslo University Hospital
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The Oslo University Hospital is the largest hospital in Scandinavia, with a work force of around 25,000. It was established on 1 January 2009, by the merger of three of the university hospitals in Oslo, Rikshospitalet, Ullevål University Hospital, and Aker University Hospital and it is affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Os

Rikshospitalet
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Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet is one of the four main campuses of Oslo University Hospital in Oslo, Norway. It was an independent hospital, Rigshospitalet, later spelled Rikshospitalet, from 1826 to 2009 and it is a highly specialized university hospital with special assignments in research and the development of new methods of treatment

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Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet (The National Hospital)

Akershus University Hospital
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The Akershus University Hospital is a Norwegian public university hospital located in the Lørenskog municipality, in the county of Akershus, east of the Norwegian capital Oslo. It is a hospital and one of four university hospitals affiliated with the University of Oslo. Akershus University Hospital has 699 beds in somatic sector, and 254 beds in ps

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Akershus University Hospital Ahus

Chateau Neuf
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Chateau Neuf is a building in Oslo, Norway that houses Det Norske Studentersamfund, including cafes, bars, performance centers, and other facilities for student assembly. It is situated at Slemdalsveien 15 near Majorstuen just south of the campus of the University of Oslo at Blindern. In 1940, the society was offered Logen, but this fell apart with

1.
Chateau Neuf

Norwegian Students' Society
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Norwegian Students Society is Norways oldest student society. The Norwegian Students Society was established during 1813 in Oslo, Norway, two years after the Royal Frederick University was founded,18 of the 19 students formed the Norwegian Students Society. It has been the centre of debate, culture and politics for over 200 years, the idea was to m

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Chateau Neuf, headquarters of the Norwegian Students' Society

Universitas (newspaper)
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Universitas is a student newspaper in Oslo, Norway, published since 1946. With a weekly circulation of 17,000, Universitas is one of Europes largest student newspapers and it is distributed on campuses of institutions of higher learning, that are affiliated with the Student Welfare Organisation in Oslo. The newspaper is considered as student welfar