Tools

The Lesson

Introduction

James Monroe spent most of his life in public office, devoting a significant portion of his career to foreign affairs. He served as George Washington's Minister to France, but was eventually recalled by the President. Thomas Jefferson appointed Monroe as a special envoy for negotiating the purchase of New Orleans and West Florida. He and principal negotiator Robert Livingston exceeded their authority and all expectations by acquiring the entire Louisiana Territory as well as a claim to all of Florida. Next, Monroe became Minister to Great Britain. Under James Madison, he served as Secretary of State and Secretary of War.

Monroe brought a vision of an expanded America to his presidency—a vision that helped facilitate the formulation of what has become known as the Monroe Doctrine. Because this Doctrine bears his name, the general public is not inclined to recognize the significant contributions made by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and unofficial presidential advisor Thomas Jefferson.

In this lesson, students will try to answer what the primary purpose behind the Monroe Doctrine was and to what events in United States and European foreign affairs the Monroe Doctrine referred by relating specific passages in the Monroe Doctrine to events in early U.S. diplomacy.

Guiding Questions

To what events in United States and European foreign affairs does the Monroe Doctrine refer?

What was the primary purpose behind the Monroe Doctrine?

Learning Objectives

Relate specific passages in the Monroe Doctrine to events in early U.S. diplomacy.

Lesson Activities

Activity 1. A Close Reading

Read with the class the text of The Monroe Doctrine from the handout "The Monroe Doctrine: A Close Reading" on pages 14-15 of the Master PDF. The handout replaces the original paragraphing and, instead, organizes the text by subject. It contains all of the language of the original as presented by the EDSITEment-reviewed website The Avalon Project. Discuss the text with the class using the following questions as guidelines:

To what event(s) or condition(s) in the history of the United States and/or its diplomacy does each section refer?

In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine address American concerns for peace and safety?

In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine invoke U.S. sympathy for revolutionary governments in South America?

In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine continue the American policy of neutrality?

In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine address American desires to expand its territory?

Do students see any other motives behind the Monroe Doctrine?

Assessment

Students should be able to respond effectively to the bulleted questions above. Ask students to state in writing, supported by evidence, their answer to this question: What was the primary purpose behind the Monroe Doctrine?