Multiple myeloma develops slowly over the course of several years. The body is initially able to compensate for changes in blood so symptoms may not appear until advanced stages. Symptoms depend on the blood cells affected and the location of the tumors. If you experience any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to cancer. Most of these symptoms may be caused by other, less serious health conditions. However, it is still important to discuss them with your doctor. Early detection and treatment improve outcomes for both cancer and other health conditions.

Bone Pain

Bone pain can appear anywhere, but is most common in the back, ribs, hips, or skull. Normally, healthy bone tissue is maintained through a constant process of breaking down old bone tissue and rebuilding new tissue. Myeloma cells can boost bone destruction without increasing the rebuilding process. As a result, the bone becomes weak and easily fractured. Even small fractures in the bone can cause pain.

Bone pain can also be caused by growth of tumors.

Symptoms Related to Decreases in Normal Blood Cells

A drop in the number of normal white blood cells makes it harder for the body to fight infection. Symptoms may include:

Frequent infections like colds or sinus infections

Persistent fever that is not specific to another condition

Flu-like symptoms

Night sweats

Minor cuts that heal slowly—the area around the cut may become red and swollen

A drop in the number of normal red blood cells is called anemia, which decreases the amount of oxygen reaching the body's tissues. Symptoms of anemia may include:

Weakness and fatigue

Pale skin

Lightheadedness

Rapid heart beat

Shortness of breath

Headache

Mood changes

A drop in the number of normal platelet cells makes it harder for blood to clot properly. Without clotting, even small injuries can lead to severe bleeding. Symptoms may include:

Bleeding or bruising easily

Nosebleeds

Bleeding gums

Tiny red spots under the skin

Heavy menstruation

Symptoms Related to Increases in Blood Calcium

The accelerated breakdown of bone tissue caused by multiple myeloma releases excess levels of calcium into the blood. In most cases, elevated calcium levels in the blood may go undetected. As levels increase, serious symptoms may appear, which require treatment. High levels of calcium in the blood, called hypercalcemia, may cause:

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.