A novel method - Antibody Detection by Agglutination-PCR (ADAP) - was developed to diagnose HIV in oral fluid samples. ADAP is both highly sensitive and highly specific and may allow noninvasive early diagnosis of HIV in population-based screening efforts.

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) criteria were poorly specific but more sensitive than quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), which supports the use of the SIRS criteria as a screening tool for patients with infection who are in danger of further decline.

Urinalysis had ≥90% sensitivity and specificity in identifying urinary tract infection (UTI) among infants ≤60 days old with fever, regardless of presence of associated bacteremia. Sensitivity of urinalysis was slightly higher among infants with associated bacteremia compared to those without, however specificity remained constant.

MicroRNAs are currently under investigation for various clinical applications in infectious disease because of their role in host response to infection and effects on innate and adaptive immune pathways.

A test-and-not-treat strategy may help areas in which loiasis is endemic and onchocerciasis is hypoendemic so that individuals who are not at risk for serious adverse events are safely given ivermectin treatment.

A representative from the California Department of Public Health discusses latent TB infection testing and treatment recommendations and reasons why US physicians have been slow to test for and treat for the condition.

In critical care setting, thrombophlebitis can develop as a consequence of invasive procedures and, in case of bacteremia, it might represent a suitable medium that sustains bacterial growth and subsequent persistent endovascular infection.