Edexcel GCSE Cold War Notes

UNIT 1: DEVELOPMENT1943 ­ TEHERAN CONFERENCE (CHURCHILL, STALIN,ROOSEVELT) ROOSEVELT KEEN TO IMPROVE RELATIONS BETWEEN ALLIVES Held in THERAN during second world war SUCCESS for StalinAGREEMENTS Second front to be opened invading France Soviet Union to go to war against Japan AFTER Germany was defeated United nations to be set up EASTERN POLAND ADDED TO SOVIET UNIONSTRAINS Stalin annoyed that Britain and France delayed second front Churchill suspicious of Stalin thought they wanted to expand Soviet union as they didn't want to maintain Poland's independence Churchill thought SU would stay in liberated countriesFEBRUARY 1945 ­ YALTA CONFERENCE (ROOSEVELT, STALIN,CHURCHILL) Germany not defeated yet ­ but close ROOSEVELT AND STALIN HAVE A CLOSE RELATIONSHIPAGREEMENTS Germany divided into 4, US, BRITISH, FRENCH, SOVIET BERLIN DIVIDED THE SAME Hunt and trial of NAZI WAR CRIMINALS in international court of justice Join UN once war ended Allow countries to be free from the occupation of Germans to have free elections and choose government they wantedSTRAINS

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Amount Germany had to pay in reparations; Stalin thought they should pay more than others Stalin wanted Poland to have a friendly gov so that Russia had a BUFFER ZONE to get protection from GERMANS... The western powers thought that it would be a soviet controlled gov.…read more

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Leader changesSOVIET UNION EXPANSION ­ 1945 ­ 1947POLAND (1945) Soviet Union was dependent on a friendly polish government. In 1945 Stalin wanted most of Poland and wanted them to be communists.SECURITY (1945) Soviet Union had been invaded from the west by Germany in 1914 and in 1941. Stalin wanted control in Eastern Europe to prevent this.…read more

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Soviets influenced disruption in government, forced Romanian kingto appoint communist government, who then abolished themonarchy1945 ­ YUGOSLAVIALeader was not intending to follow communism. Yugoslaviaexpelled from communist international bureau1947 ­ HUNGARYCountry had economic crisis.Communist party secured a communist government. All otherparties banned.…read more

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SO...1947 TRUMAN DOCTRINE USA believed SU was trying to spread COMMUNISM Containment ­ to contain communism, to stop it spreading further, ESPECIALLY to western countries Increase of rivalry between USA and SU. Truman had even publically announced that the world was divided into communism and noncommunism. USA had atomic bombs ­ pressure on SUEG: GREECE.…read more

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Ensures that the states in Eastern Europe 1) Followed Soviet aims in foreign policy 2) Introduced Soviet Style economic policies like STATE CONTROL OF INDUSTRY Way of stopping any members who disagreed with SUCOMECON ­ 1949 Communist response to MARSHALL PLAN Founded in 1949 Was supposed to be a way in which the SU could financially support EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES But INSTEAD was used to 1) CONTROL the economies of the satellite states 2) Give Soviet Union access to their resourcesBERLIN CRISIS 1948…read more

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Allies airlifted supplies into West Germany STALIN DID NOT SHOOT planes because he knew he was not strong enough to have a war with the west. During the airlift, WEST BERLINERS SUPPLIED WITH EVERYTHING; from food to CLOTHING to OIL and BUILDING MATERIALS, but there were still shortages but wasn't enough to be starved out MAY 1949, Stalin called off blockade.…read more

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BY THESE TWO ALLIANCES BEING SET UP, IT INCREASEDSEPERATION; COUNTRIES FOUND IT HARD TO BE NEUTRAL.HAD TO PICK A SIDE TO BE ON.WORSENING RELATIONS (1949 ­ 55) 1949 Cold war was happening to Asia. USA developed DOMINO THEORY (once communism spreads to one country, it spreads to many) 1950 Korean war: (North Korea ruled by communists, supported by SU and China South Korea US supported government North Korea invaded south, basically SU fighting America (indirectly) TENSIONS.…read more

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Killed 2000 people and imprisoned 200,000 political opponents 3) LIVING STANDARDS FALL Living standards fell in 1952 KEY FEATURES OF HUNGARIAN UPRISING 1956 Khrushchev sent tanks into Hungary to scare Hungarians and to drive Nazi forces away he needed to be strong enough not to be overthrown by a small country Nagy was appointed as NEW PRIME MINISTER he was very popular with the people, Soviets had him under control Nagy had gone to far ­ Nagy released political prisoners and got people to reform…read more

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Khrushchev visited USA and it seemed successful, and Eisenhower was READY to compromise, tensions seemed to be relieving BUT 9 DAYS BEFORE THEY WERE DUE TO MEET IN PARIS IN 1960 THE USSR ANNOUNCED THAT THEY HAD SHOT DOWN A US SPY PLANE USA refused to apologize Khrushchev determined to solve problem of Berlin, PEOPLE STARTED LEAVING EAST BERLIN because of bad conditions o Organized another meeting with Kennedy o KENNEDY WAS NOT EXPERIENCED o REASSERTED TRUMAN DOCTRINE IN SPEECH o He wanted to show…read more