The process of selective breeding, in which organisms with desired traits (and thus with the desired genes) are used to breed the next generation and organisms lacking the trait are not bred, is a precursor to the modern concept of genetic modification (GM). (wikipedia.org)

That's unacceptable to us and runs counter to things the National Academy of Sciences and other scientific review boards have said, particularly when it comes to mobile GM organisms like fish and insects. (wikipedia.org)

As the technology improved and genetically organisms moved from model organisms to potential commercial products the USA established a committee at the Office of Science and Technology (OSTP) to develop mechanisms to regulate the developing technology. (wikipedia.org)

In 1987, the ice-minus strain of Pseudomonas syringae became the first genetically modified organism to be released into the environment when a strawberry field and a potato field in California were sprayed with it. (wikipedia.org)

Unlike traditionally animal and plant breeding, which involves doing multiple crosses and then selecting for the organism with the desired phenotype, genetic engineering takes the gene directly from one organism and inserts it in the other. (wikipedia.org)

Genetic engineering does not normally include traditional breeding, in vitro fertilisation, induction of polyploidy, mutagenesis and cell fusion techniques that do not use recombinant nucleic acids or a genetically modified organism in the process. (wikipedia.org)

If you're worried about potential health problems with genetically modified crops, pay attention: A new paper published in Environmental Sciences Europe (h/t Institute for Responsible Technology reviews 19 studies of mammals fed GM soybean and corn as well as raw data from another one on rats and finds some disturbing results. (treehugger.com)

The takeaway from all this, based on the author's conclusions, is that current testing programs for GM crops and health are simply not long enough to determine the long term effect of consumption of them on health in general and the kidneys and liver in specific. (treehugger.com)

As would be requiring that food made from GM crops be labelled as such--but that would go entirely against the culture of corporate opacity that is the hallmark of Monsanto and other companies marketing GM crops and the associated pesticides. (treehugger.com)

There is a scientific consensus that currently available food derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food, but that each GM food needs to be tested on a case-by-case basis before introduction. (wikipedia.org)

The rise of commercialised genetically modified crops has provided economic benefit to farmers in many different countries, but has also been the source of most of the controversy surrounding the technology. (wikipedia.org)

Although there is a scientific consensus that currently available food derived from GM crops poses no greater risk to human health than conventional food, GM food safety is a leading concern with critics. (wikipedia.org)

Therefore, proposed labeling of animal products from livestock and poultry that have eaten GE feed would require supply-chain segregation and traceability, as the products themselves would not differ in any way that could be detected. (wattagnet.com)

They were concerned that approval of the GloFish based only on a Food and Drug Administration risk assessment would create a precedent of inadequate scrutiny of biotech animals in general. (wikipedia.org)

Moving genes between animals and plants often brings up the "ick" factor with many people, and as a result there were some USDA projects to biofortify maize with iron that were discontinued because they involved animal genes. (2beeyoung.com)

Other methods exploit natural forms of gene transfer, such as the ability of Agrobacterium to transfer genetic material to plants, or the ability of lentiviruses to transfer genes to animal cells. (wikipedia.org)

In February 2009, the FDA approved GTC Biotherapeutics Inc's modified goats used to produce an anti-clotting therapy for people with a rare disorder called hereditary antithrombin deficiency. (ibtimes.com)

Each of the progeny will be a clone of Randy, but without his horns, and their offspring should also be hornless Goats have been genetically engineered to produce milk containing strong spiderweb-like silk proteins. (wikipedia.org)

non-primary source needed] Food writer Michael Pollan does not oppose eating genetically modified foods, but expressed concerns about biotechnology companies holding the intellectual property of the foods people depend on, and about the effects of the growing corporatization of large-scale agriculture. (wikipedia.org)

Alison L. Van Eenennaam is a Cooperative Extension Specialist in the Department of Animal Science at the University of California, Davis and runs the Animal Genomics and Biotechnology Laboratory. (wikipedia.org)

Since 2002, Van Eenennaam has been a Cooperative Extension Specialist in the field of Animal Genomics and Biotechnology in the Department of Animal Science at University of California, Davis. (wikipedia.org)

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) have been modified with a transgene coding for human lactoferrin, which doubles their survival rate relative to control fish after exposure to Aeromonas bacteria and Grass carp hemorrhage virus. (wikipedia.org)

This document provides guidance for the risk assessment of food and feed containing, consisting of or produced from genetically modified (GM) animals, as well as for the health and welfare assessment of these animals, within the framework of Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 on GM food and feed. (europa.eu)

The assessment strategy seeks to deploy appropriate approaches to compare GM animals and derived food and feed with their respective comparators. (europa.eu)

The health status of a food/feed producing animal has traditionally been considered as an important indicator of the safety of derived foods/feed and therefore comparative analysis of the phenotypic characteristics of the GM animal with the traditionally-bred animal, including health and physiological parameters, is considered an important component in the risk assessment. (europa.eu)

This guidance document also addresses the scientific requirements for the assessment of health and welfare of GM animals bred for food and feed use. (europa.eu)

Critics have objected to GM fish on several grounds, including ecological concerns, animal welfare concerns and with respect to whether using them as food is safe and whether GM fish are needed to help address the world's food needs. (wikipedia.org)

However, there are ongoing public concerns related to food safety, regulation, labelling, environmental impact, research methods, and the fact that some GM seeds, along with all new plant varieties, are subject to plant breeders' rights owned by corporations. (wikipedia.org)

Many countries allow the import of GM food with authorization, but either do not allow its cultivation (Russia, Norway, Israel) or have provisions for cultivation, but no GM products are yet produced (Japan, South Korea). (wikipedia.org)

There is no evidence to support the idea that the consumption of approved GM food has a detrimental effect on human health. (wikipedia.org)

Some scientists and advocacy groups, such as Greenpeace and World Wildlife Fund, have however called for additional and more rigorous testing for GM food. (wikipedia.org)

That report recommends conducting the safety assessment of a GM food on a case-by-case basis through comparison to an existing food with a long history of safe use. (wikipedia.org)

The Netherlands agreed to release Oxitec's genetically modified mosquitoes to fight dengue, chikungunya and zika in Saba, a Dutch Caribbean island, after a report by The National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) examined what effects the mosquitoes could have in the local ecosystem's food chain and concluded the release of the mosquitoes would not pose any risks to human health or the environment. (wikipedia.org)

Consumer concerns about food quality first became prominent long before the advent of GM foods in the 1990s. (wikipedia.org)

This began an enduring concern over the purity and later "naturalness" of food that evolved from a single focus on sanitation to include others on added ingredients such as preservatives, flavors and sweeteners, residues such as pesticides, the rise of organic food as a category and, finally, concerns over GM food. (wikipedia.org)

Taconic Biosciences was the first vendor to utilize CRISPR in both mice and rats, and is the first commercial custom animal model developer to hold licenses from both the Broad Institute and the UC Berkley . (taconic.com)

To avoid international trade disruptions, it is critical that the regulatory approval process for genetically engineered products be established in countries importing these feeds at the same time that regulatory approvals are passed in the countries that are major exporters of animal feed," Van Eenennaam said. (wattagnet.com)

Studies have continually shown that the milk, meat and eggs derived from animals that have consumed GE feed are indistinguishable from the products derived from animals fed a non-GE diet," Van Eenennaam said. (wattagnet.com)

Work is being done to produce medical solutions from plants using animal gene makers but mostly for bio-medical benefits The following is a excerpt from a clear explanation of what is going on with GMO technology in our foods vs the hysteria concerning "Frakin-plants or insects such as", etc. (2beeyoung.com)

I'm not sure what the status of their project is, but I know the rice with the human lysozyme gene exists.There is also a genetically engineered carrot culture that produces an enzyme to treat Gaucher's Disease but it is grown as a culture of cells in a vat, and not as carrot plants. (2beeyoung.com)

That's at least according to a study recently published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ( PNAS ) , which details how early testing with a new generation of GM cows has revealed that modified herds can completely resist low levels of Mycobacterium bovis infection - the cause of B-TB. (natureworldnews.com)

Transgenic fish are used in research covering five broad areas - Enhancing the traits of commercially available fish Their use as bioreactors for the development of bio-medically important proteins Their use as indicators of aquatic pollutants Developing new non-mammalian animal models Functional genomics studies Most GM fish are used in basic research in genetics and development. (wikipedia.org)

Some GM fish that have been created have promoters driving an over-production of "all fish" growth hormone. (wikipedia.org)

Two species of fish, zebrafish and medaka, are most commonly modified because they have optically clear chorions (shells), develop rapidly, the 1-cell embryo is easy to see and micro-inject with transgenic DNA, and zebrafish have the capability of regenerating their organ tissues. (wikipedia.org)

The paper cites a number of benefits of genetically engineered fish, including a larger number of eggs laid per female, a low probability of carrying human pathogens, strong markets for aquaculture, and increased feed-conversion efficiency. (wikipedia.org)

Her new book "Frankenstein's Cat: Cuddling up to Biotech's Brave New Beasts," introduces readers to some of the new frontiers of human beings' animal meddling, including efforts to make glowing cats and remote-controlled cockroaches. (mynorthwest.com)

The authors of the Basel Declaration acknowledge the need for greater discussion of animal experiment issues in public and also of the risks of research approaches and possible misuse of new technological developments. (wikipedia.org)

(The revised EU Directive provides for the use of fewer laboratory animals for scientific purposes in the future and better reconciles the needs of research with the protection of animals without making research more difficult. (wikipedia.org)

As part of this commitment, their two-day conference in November 2010 ended with an affirmation of their allegiance to the 3R principle "Reduction, Refinement, Replacement": The participants in the symposium that adopted the Basel Declaration were unanimously agreed that science must not only take a clear stand with regard to the responsible handling of laboratory animals, but also has to show greater transparency toward the public. (wikipedia.org)

Regulation in the United States currently prohibits the application or research use of such technologies in humans, but does allow for research and commercial use, prior to approval, in animals. (wikipedia.org)

This means they suffer from frequent transmission of contagious diseases, a problem which is being addressed by GM research. (wikipedia.org)

The Basel Declaration is a call for greater transparency and communication on the use of animals in research. (wikipedia.org)

At the same time, they demand that essential animal experiments for obtaining research results remain permitted both now and in the future. (wikipedia.org)

Animal experiments will remain necessary in biomedical research for the foreseeable future, but we are constantly working to refine the methods with animal welfare in mind. (wikipedia.org)

The signatories to the Declaration commit, amongst other things, to the use of animal experiments only when the research concerns fundamentally important knowledge and no alternative methods are available. (wikipedia.org)

With regard to the improvement of information for the public on research involving experiments the signatories to the Basel Declaration commit to the following: We communicate openly and with transparency - also with regard to animal experiments. (wikipedia.org)

The initial signatories to the Basel Declaration see the tendency to restrict animal experiments, especially in the field of basic research, as a major risk. (wikipedia.org)

And they maintain that no stage of research (neither basic nor applied research) must be categorically excluded from those purposes of animal experiments that are deemed permissible. (wikipedia.org)

Our results contribute to the control and prevention of bovine tuberculosis and provide a previously unidentified insight into breeding animals for disease resistance," the researchers concluded in their report. (natureworldnews.com)

The signatories to the Basel Declaration are actively seeking to show that science and animal welfare are not diametrically opposed and to make a constructive contribution to the dialogue taking place in society - for example in the incorporation of the new EU Directive of 22 September 2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes into the national laws. (wikipedia.org)