The aim of this study was to develop an experimental model of incisional hernia in rabbits. Thirty seven rabbits, weighing from 2220 to 2750 g, were submitted to musculoaponeurotic and peritoneum pattern resection of the abdominal wall and distributed in groups of 10 animals according to the postoperative time of 30, 45 or 60 days. The animals were submitted to reoperation at the end of the observation period. In the three groups were observed hernias larger than 60 and 45 cm in transversal and longitudinal measures, respectively, and with volumes greater than 129 ml. Adherences to the internal abdominal wall were present in 13,3%. Seven deaths occurred due to evisceration (5), pulmonary infection (1) and diarrhea(1). There was no significant difference in the three groups studied, according to the statistical methods applied. The experimental model is feasible, and is established at the 30 days of postoperative period.