Posts Tagged ‘immunology’

An up-close study of the Holy Qura’an and Science reveals that the systems, of evolution and creation, are at work simultaneously. Human in the first instance, for example, was created in its final form as “ADAM” (PBUH); so was Eve, fully developed to eventually co-habit with Adam (PBUH) and produce Children.(Q, 2:35, 36) After that, in the second instance; however reproduction was subjected to an evolutionary process; in the womb of the mother, from clinging clot to the fully grown baby of 9 or so months old. (Q, 23:13, 14) {Embryology did not exist as a science at the time of the Prophet. Neither was special terminology yet.

“One modern scholar, Usaama al-Azami, suggested that both narratives of creation and of evolution, as understood by modern science, may be believed by modern Muslims as addressing two different kinds of truth, the revealed and the empirical”[3]

The story of the creation of Adam (A.S) and creationism as such, is scattered all over Qura’an in the following Surahs: 2, 4, 5, 7, 15, 20, 21, 38 and others.

Science, on the other hand, has failed to conclusively establish human evolution from other species.

A single-celled organism, however, was allowed/assigned a perpetual evolution, thereby culminating in many a species at different intervals on its evolutionary journey. Its mutation or selected mutation is still ongoing; according to the changing factors necessitating evolution, and many new species keep emerging. In human beings, however, this change seems to have been perfected (with the exception of external/cosmetic changes, such as skin color pigmentation etc). Confirmed in Holy Qura’an) as “We have created man in best of symmetry” (Q, 95:4)

AND SO, set thy face25 steadfastly towards the [one ever-true] faith, turning away from all that is false,26 in accordance with the natural disposition which God has instilled into man:27 [for,] not to allow any change to corrupt what God has thus created28 – this is the [purpose of the one] ever-true faith, but most people know it not.

Therefore, stand firm in your devotion to the upright faith – the nature made by Allah, the one on which mankind is created – and the laws of Nature ordained by Allah cannot be changed. That is the standard of true faith, but most among mankind do not know.

So set thy purpose (O Muhammad) for religion as a man by nature upright— nature (framed) of Allah, in which He hath created, man. There is no altering (the laws of) Allah’s creation. That is the right religion, but most men know not.

So set thou thy face steadily and truly to the Faith: (Establish) Allah’s handiwork according to the pattern on which He has made mankind: no change (let there be) in the work (wrought) by Allah: that is the standard Religion: but most among mankind understand not. 354035413542

“O children of Adam (R.A)! We have descended for you raiment to conceal your shame, and splendid vesture (to adore yourself), but the covering of TAQWA is the best” (Q, 7:26) (dress would have not been sent to “Apes” but fully developed human being).

Human-being, along with some other species as well, falls under creationism. Most, species, however, evolved from single cell organism to complex organisms. (Selective, ordained Mutation).

“In the 19th century, a scholar of Islamic revival, Jamal-al-Din al-Afghānī agreed with Darwin that life will compete with other life in order to succeed. He also believed that there was competition in the realm of ideas similar to that of nature. However, he believed explicitly that life was created by God;[19] Darwin did not discuss the origin of life, saying only “Probably all the organic beings which have ever lived on this earth have descended from some primordial form, into which life was first breathed”.[20] A contemporary of Al-Afghani, Shia scholar Hussein al-Jisr, declared that there is no contradiction between evolution and the Islamic scriptures. He stated that “there is no evidence in the Quran to suggest whether all species, each of which exists by the grace of God, were created all at once or gradually,” and referred to the aforementioned story of creation in Sūrat al-Anbiyā.[21] In Turkey, important scholars strove to accommodate the theory of evolution in Islamic scripture during the first decades of the Turkish Republic; their approach to the theory defended Islamic belief in the face of scientific theories of their times” [23]

“Several workers have observed that there is an extremely close immunological resemblance between the serum (pale yellow liquid that separates from the clot in the coagulation of the blood) albumins (sulfur-containing water-soluble proteins which coagulates when heated) of apes and man. Our studies with the quantitative micro-complement fixation method confirm this observation. To explain the closeness of the resemblance, previous workers suggested that there has been a slowing down of albumin evolution since the time of divergence of apes and man. Recent evidence, however, indicates that the albumin molecule has evolved at a steady rate. Hence, we suggest that apes and man have a more recent common ancestry than is usually supposed. Our calculations lead to the suggestion that, if man and old world monkeys last shared a common ancestor 30 million years ago, then man and African apes shared a common ancestor 5 million years ago, that is, in the Pliocene era”

Refutation

Above work/experiment clearly shows a focused/targeted experiment on apes, (most probably due to ape’s close proximity with a man) ignoring the possibility of serum and albumins being a commonplace amongst many other species. (Q, 30:30; apparently negates the evolution in human).

The place of the australopithecines in human evolution: grounds for doubt? C. E. OXNARD*

“Although most studies emphasise the similarity of the australopithecines to modern man, and suggest, therefore, that these creatures were bipedal tool-makers at least one form of which (Australopithecus africanus—“Homo habilis”, “Homo Africanus”) was almost directly ancestral to man, a series of multivariate statistical studies of various postcranial fragments suggests other conclusions. Their locomotion may not have been like that of modern man, and may, though including a form or forms of bipedality, have been different enough to allow marked abilities for climbing. Bipedality may have arisen more than once, the Australopithecinae displaying one or more experiments in bipedality that failed. The genus Homo may, in fact, be so ancient as to parallel entirely the genus Australopithecus thus denying the latter a direct place in the human lineage”

UPDATE

Over 500 Scientists Proclaim Their Doubts About Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.

“Accuracy of evolutionary analysis of populations within a species requires the testing of a large number of genetic polymorphisms belonging to many loci. We report here a reconstruction of human differentiation based on 100 DNA polymorphisms tested in five populations from four continents. The results agree with earlier conclusions based on other classes of genetic markers but reveal that Europeans do not fit a simple model of independently evolving populations with equal evolutionary rates. Evolutionary models involving early admixture are compatible with the data. Taking one such model into account, we examined through simulation whether random genetic drift alone might explain the variation among gene frequencies across populations and genes. A measure of the variation among populations was calculated for each polymorphism, and its distribution for the 100 polymorphisms was compared with that expected for a drift-only hypothesis. At least two-thirds of the polymorphisms appear to be selectively neutral, but there are significant deviations at the two ends of the observed distribution of the measure of variation: a slight excess of polymorphisms with low variation and a greater excess with high variation.This indicates that a few DNA polymorphisms are affected by natural selection, rarely heterotic, and more often disruptive, while most are selectively neutral”

“O thou man! Verily thou art ever toiling on towards thy Lord-
Painfully toiling, -but thou shalt meet Him… So I do call
to witness the ruddy glow Of Sunset; the Night and its Homing;
And the Moon In her Fullness:
Ye shall surely travel From stage to stage.”

Q: Surah 84 Inshiqaq verses 6, 16-19

Muslim Scholars wrote about evolution 900 years before Darwin was born.

Al-Jahiz (776-868)

Nasir ad-Din Tusi (1201-1274)

Muhammad al-Nakhshabi (10th century)

Ghazali.

“With regard to sense-perception made him very hesitant to accept the infallibility of reason. He believed in the testimony of sense till it was contradicted by the verdict of reason. Well, perhaps there is above reason another judge who if he appeared would convict reason of falsity and if such a third arbiter is not yet apparent it does not follow that he does not exist.”

With this quote from Ghazali (R.A) the discussion is left to be concluded according to one’s level of understanding and intellect.