71 Cards in this Set

-"Old age insurance"
-Allow choices about what happens after retirement
-To improve quality of life

Medicare

-Added to the SS act of 1935
-Provides health care to those over 65
*part A: inpatient care, skilled nursing and long term care
*part B: (optional to those who pay for it) MD services, outpatient services, and durable medical equipment

-Society and the individual gradually withdraw, or disengage, from each other
-The individual becomes centered on themselves and freed form societal roles

Activity Theory

-Individual continues a middle-aged lifestyle, denying the existence of old age as long as possible
-Maintaining activity in the presence of losses i.e when retirement occurs, establishing new friendships to replace the role of work

Continuity Theory

-Basic personality does not change. Patterns developed over lifetime will determine whether individual remains active
-Recognition of the unique features of the individual all for adaptation to aging

-Progressive deterioration of intellect not part of the normal aging process includes: memory, language, cognition, and mood disturbances and can effect ability to perform ADLs
-Gradual onset
-Irreversible

Cognitive Changes: Alzheimers Disease

-Most common cause of dementia
-Likelihood of developing doubles every 5 years after age of 60
-Brain atrophies neurofibrillary tangles seen in the cortex
-Develops progressively at different rates
-Early:
*trouble identifying people
*indecisive
*forgets nouns
*declining interest in life
*increased suicide rate
-Late:
*unable to retain simple directions
*deterioration of motor ability
*major communication problems
*mood swings

-Home Care: episodic or ongoing
-Assisted Living: combination of housing and personalized health care, max independence
-Adult Day Care
-Meals on Wheels
-Long Term Care:
*only 5% of population are in long term facilities
*most residents have one or more chronic illness

-Cranial Nerve II
-Transmits impulses from the retina to the occipital lobe

Myopia

-Near-sightedness: image is focused in front of the retina
-Laser surgery best for this type of refractive error

Hyperopia

-Far sightedness: image is focused in back of retina

Astigmatism

-A condition that occurs when the front surface of the eye (the cornea) is slightly irregular in shape. This irregular shape prevents light from focusing properly on the back of the eye (the retina). As a result, vision may be blurred at all distances.

-A group of ocular conditions characterized by optic nerve damage
-Optic nerve damage related to IOP caused by congestion of aqueous humor in the eye
-One of the leading causes of irreversible blindness
-Preventable, painless, permanent
-Normal angle between iris and cornea is 45 degrees

-blurred vision
-halos around lights
-difficulty focusing or adjusting eyes in low lighting
-loss of peripheral vision
-headache
-by the time pt is experiencing these symptoms damage is permanent

Glaucoma Assessment

-Tonometry: to measure the eye IOP
-Opthalmoscopy: to inspect the optic nerve
-Gonioscopy: to examine the filtration angle of the anterior chamber
-Perimetry: to assess the visual fields
-Cupping of optic nerve are tale-tale signs
-Glaucoma pts see as if looking into a tunnel

Open Angle Glaucoma

-Caused by aging, usually seen in both eyes
-OPEN:
*O: occasionally see halos or tunnels around light
*P: peripheral vision goes first/painless
*E: early stages are asymptomatic/ enlarged optic cup
*N: not an emergency

-Onset is immediate, comes on right away and is very painful
-Angle becomes closed for some reason
-Most likely seen in only one eye
-Emergency situation
-Laser type procedure to open angle up

Cataracts

-A lens opacity or cloudiness
-Leading cause of blindness in the world
-Can happen at any age
-S/S: sensitivity to glare and decrease in visual acuity, irregularity in the pupil, sometimes double vision
-Treatment: removal through surgery, intraocular lens implant
-Increased Risk: myopia, diabetes rect, aging
-Complications: infection, mobility, pt should not stoop over, they should sleep on unaffected eye, wear sunglasses, and/or eye patch for first 24 hours then qhs for 3days to 2 wks
-6-12 weeks for vision to return

Retinal Detachment

-Refers to seperation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from the sensory layer
-A tear occurs in the sensory retina and allows liquid vitreous to seep through the sensory retina and cuase detachement
-Shade or curtain coming across vision, cobwebs, bright flashing lights, or floaters
-Treatment: includes surgically attempting to reattach the retina to the RPE