combining phonics with whole language is the best approach for
teaching beginning reading.

9

Mrs. Ritchie wants to foster her students' emotional intelligence.
Her lesson plans should use active learning techniques that provide
skill practice in __________ and __________.

respect and caring for other; resistance to unfavorable peer pressure

10

Research shows that children who engage in as little as 21 minutes of
independent reading per day

are exposed to nearly 2 million words per year

11

Research on bilingual education shows that

a strategy that promotes children's native-language skills while they
learn English is most effective for non-English-speaking minority children.

12

Studies show that educational self-fulfilling prophecies are
especially strong

when teachers emphasize competition and publicly compare children.

13

According to Erikson, a sense of __________ can develop in middle
childhood when family life fails to prepare children for school life
or when teachers and peers destroy children's self-confidence with
negative responses.

inferiority

14

As school-age children move into adolescence, self-concept is
increasingly vested in

feedback from close friends.

15

Compared to his Caucasian-American age mates, Leonard, an
African-American fourth grader, is more likely to have

higher self-esteem and a stronger sense of ethnic pride.

16

Children who are high in academic self-esteem and motivation make
__________ attributions, crediting their successes to __________.

mastery-oriented; ability

17

Teachers who are __________ and emphasize __________ tend to have
mastery-oriented students.

helpful; learning over getting good grades

18

Which of the following statements about emotional self-regulation in
middle childhood is true?

By age 10, most children shift adaptively between problem-centered
and emotion-centered coping

19

Principal Allen wants to reduce prejudice at his middle school. Which
of the following interventions should he use?

assign children to cooperative learning groups with peers of diverse backgrounds

20

__________ children are at the highest risk for poor school
performance, substance abuse, and antisocial behavior in adolescence
and delinquency with criminality in early adulthood.

Rejected

21

Research has shown that parents promote gender stereotypes by

behaving in a more mastery-oriented fashion with sons than with daughters.

22

Despite the concerns of middle childhood, child rearing becomes
easier for those parents who established a(n) __________ style in the
early years.

authoritative

23

A study conducted showed that fifth and sixth graders describe
__________ as the most influential people in their lives.

parents

24

The overriding factor in positive adjustment following divorce is

shielding the child from family conflict and using authoritative
child rearing.

25

Research on child sexual abuse indicates that

the abuser is typically a parent or someone the parent knows well.

26

Most researchers today believe that adolescent development is

influenced by biological, psychological, and social forces.

27

During puberty, neurons become more responsive to excitatory
neurotransmitters. As a result, adolescents

react more strongly to stressful events and experience
pleasurable stimuli more intensely.

28

Sleep-deprived adolecents

are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression.

29

Which of the following statements about sex differences in
adolescents' reactions to pubertal changes is true?

A few girls tell a friend that they are menstruating, but more
boys tell a friend about spermarche.

__________ is a modern substitute for the actual physical departure
of young people from the family groupthat takes place in
industrialized nations.

Psychological distancing

32

Randy is viewed by both adults and peers as relaxed, independent, and
self-confident. Maria is viewed byboth groups as physically
attractive, lively, and sociable. Which of the following is likely to
be true?

. Randy is an early-maturing boy, and Maria is a late-maturing girl.

33

Which of the following statements about individuals with bulimia
nervosa is true?

They usually feel depressed and guilty about their abnormal eating
habits and desperately want help.

34

Research shows that many adolescents do not use contraception during
sexual activity because they

fail to apply their reasoning skills to everyday situations.

35

Which of the following three-phase sequences do many homosexual
adolescents and adults move through incoming out to themselves
and others?

feeling different, confusion, and self-acceptance

36

Studies show that most adolescents are aware of basic facts about
AIDS but

are poorly informed about how to protect themselves against other STDs.

37

In Canada and Western Europe, where community- and school-based
clinics offer adolescents contraceptivesand where universal
health insurance helps pay for them, __________ than in the United States.

pregnancy, childbirth, and abortion rates are much lower

38

Adolescent drug experimentation

should not be taken lightly because a single heavy dose can lead to
permanent injury or death.

39

The imaginary audience is adolescents' belief that they are

the focus of everyone else's attention and concern.

40

Compared with adults making decisions, teenagers

less often fall back on intuitive judgments

41

Which of the following statements about school transitions is true?

For well-adjusted youths, grade point averages tend to increase with
the high school transition.

42

Which of the following statements about part-time work during high
school is true?

The more hours students work, the more likely they are to drop out of school.

43

Which of the following factors is predictive of high self-esteem in adolescence?

authoritative parenting

44

Which of the following statements about identity development is true?

The majority of young people change from moratorium to foreclosure or
diffusion in young adulthood.

45

Adolescents who __________ tend to be in a state of moratorium or
identity achievement.

feel attached to their parents but also free to voice their own opinions

46

Which of the following is a strategy for helping minority adolescents
resolve identity conflictsconstructively?

Sal and Sadie have been married for 40 years. When asked to compare
their current relationship to when theywere newlyweds, they are
most likely to say that

their marriage has more passionate love now than earlier.

64

Gloria's marriage was riddled with jealousy, emotional highs and
lows, and desperation about whether herhusband returned her
affection. Though she offered support to her husband, Gloria did so in
ways that poorlyfit his needs. She was also quick to express
fear and anger. Based on this information, it is likely that
Gloriahas a(n) __________ attachment history

avoidant

65

Which of the following statements about other-sex friendships is true?

When a solid other-sex friendship evolves into a romance, it may be
more stable and enduring than aromantic relationship formed
without a foundation in friendship.

66

Emma left home to attend college and lived on her own until she got
married. As her own children grew upand left home, her parenting
responsibilities declined. She eventually retired and her husband
died. Thisseries of phases that Emma has experienced is referred
to as the

social clock.

67

__________ is the most consistent predictor of marital stability.

Age of marriage

68

Postponing childbearing until the late twenties or thirties

. eases the transition to parenthood.

69

Parents of __________ often report a dip in marital and life satisfaction.

adolescents

70

A recent study of same-sex couples found that same-sex civil unions
were __________ heterosexualmarriages.

less likely to dissolve than

71

Jenelle, a divorced mother with two children, is marrying William, a
divorced father with three children.Which of the following
statements is probably true

It will take three to five years for Jenelle and William's blended
family to develop the connectednessand comfort of intact
biological families

72

Research findings indicate that

gay and lesbian parents are as committed to and effective as
heterosexual parents.

73

During midlife, most adults begin to

experience life-threatening health episodes—if not in themselves,
then in their partners and friends.

74

Jeanine is 55. According to her doctor, Jeanine's reproductive
capacity has ended. She has reached the midlifereproductive
transition called

the climacteric

75

Episodes of impotence

are a sign of serious sexual dysfunction

76

Among the middle-aged adults who rate their health unfavorably

men are more likely than women to suffer from fatal illnesses

77

The leading causes of death in middle age are __________ and __________.

cancer; cardiovascular disease

78

Symptoms of heart disease in women tend to

get overlooked by doctors.

79

Which of the following statements about the Type A behavior pattern
is true?

Current evidence pinpoints hostility as a toxic ingredient of Type A
in both men and women.

80

Individuals who are repeatedly enraged are more likely to be

depressed.

81

Suzanne viewed life as fluid. She expected change and accepted it as
inevitable. When Suzanne was facedwith a problem, she identified
it and decided what to do about it. Suzanne used a(n) __________ copingstrategy.

problem-centered

82

Erikson's psychological conflict of midlife is called __________
versus __________.

generatively; stagnation

83

Quentin went to college with the goal of becoming a social worker.
Instead, he gave in to pressure from hisnew spouse and changed
his major to business. When looking back at age 50, Quentin wished he
had pursuedhis original dream of becoming a social worker.
Quentin is experiencing

life regrets .

84

__________ is common in middle adulthood.

Midlife crisis

85

Gilles, age 50, tells his brother, "I'd like to maintain my
physical health and work on getting emotionallystronger. I want
to be a good friend and a role model to my nephews and nieces. I don't
want to be that guywho never comes to family get-togethers
because he is too busy working. I want to be successful in
mycareer, but not at the expense of my family. Of course, I want
to find my own special partner, but if I don't, Iknow I'll
always have you and the kids." Gilles is discussing his

possible selves

86

Cindy, age 48, cares for her two teenage sons and her ailing
mother-in-law. Along with her mother, she is oneof a handful of
caregivers for her elderly grandmother. Cindy belongs to the
__________ generation.

kinkeeper

87

Older adults who __________ adapt more favorably and feel better
about it.

see aging as inevitable and uncontrollable

88

Sedentary healthy older adults up to age 80 who begin endurance training

should focus on non-weight-bearing activities.

89

Mr. Martin reached the last years of his life feeling whole,
complete, and satisfied with his achievements. Herealized that
the paths he followed, abandoned, and never selected were necessary
for fashioning ameaningful life course. Mr. Martin has achieved

sense of disengagement

90

Being deeply religious

seems to have little effect—positive or negative—on mental and
physical health during the last year oflife.

91

One reason social withdrawal is so common in nursing home settings is that

older adults prefer to be alone over being in the company of residents.

92

__________ are the most frequently reported types of elder abuse.

. Physical neglect, sexual abuse, and financial abuse

93

Which of the following is an essential ingredient of a "good death"?

offering the dying person care, affection, companionship, and esteem

94

Which of the following statements about enhancing children's
understanding of the death concept is true?

Discussing death candidly with children fuels their fears

95

Kübler-Ross recommends that family members and health professionals

not prolong denial by distorting the truth about the person's condition

96

Palliative care involves

care aimed at relieving pain and other symptoms.

97

Which of the following statements about advance medical directives is true?

A living will is more flexible than a durable power of attorney for
health care.

98

People respond to __________ with __________.

grief; bereavement

99

Which of the following statements about the dual-process model of
coping with loss is true?

Effective coping requires people to oscillate between dealing with
the emotional consequences of lossand attending to life changes

100

Marion was forbidden by his gay partner's family to attend his
partner's funeral or burial service. Marion is atrisk for

disenfranchised grief.

101

Death education at all levels

strives to prepare students to be informed consumers of medical and
funeral services.