The study included lean, overweight and obese people that were administered insulin or placebo intranasally. This allows the insulin to cross the blood-brain barrier. Insulin in the brain improved the functional connectivity between the hippocampus which suppressed the feeling of hunger and improved insulin sensitivity in the body.
This very interesting study shows that insulin in the brain may have an important role for satiety and insulin sensitivity in the body.

Many T2D’s have been excited by the promising prospects of nasal insulin for quite some time. Unfortunately, as disclosed in Gary Taubes' landmark book, “Good Calories, Bad Calories”, medical research has found that nasal insulin creates brain amyloid which forms the basis for ALZ, and which impacts T2D’s to such an extent that ALZ has been called T3D by many medical researchers.