Top subcategories

... "O City, City, eye of all cities, universal boast, supramundane wonder, nurse of
churches, leader of the faith, guide of Orthodoxy, beloved topic of orations, the
abode of every good thing! Oh City, that hast drunk at the hand of the Lord the
cup of his fury! O City, consumed by fire...”
...

... We believe it is expedient that one man should die for it rather than that it
should all perish; for it is indeed so contaminated by the contagion of
heresy that it may well be recalled from error more readily by the voice
of the blood of its victim than by anything he could have done had he
gone on ...

... whose property had been confiscated for heresy; under this amnesty, the property was
to be returned to the citizens or their heirs. The central focus of this study, then, is an
edition of the royal diploma and the attempted identification of the 278 citizens, along
with a list of proctors who origin ...

... 2 Knights giving care to sick and poor
7 Knights who controlled large territory in
Northern Europe
10 Defeated crusaders at the Battle of
Hattin.
12 King Righard of England agreed with
Saladin for these Christians to see the Holly
land.
13 Result of the 7the and 8th crusades
14 Who was Urban II at t ...

... • Byzantine emperor Alexius 1 asked for help
against the invading Muslim Turks.
• Pope Urban the 2 called upon all Christians to
aid.
• Godfrey of Bouillon (1060–1100), Baldwin of
Flanders, Raymond of Toulouse, Robert of
Normandy, Bohemond of Taranto, marched
south through Anatolia.
• Mostly French ...

... -led by King Louis VII and the
H.R.E. Conrad II. They bypass
Edessa and head to Damascus.
-Muslims become more
unified when Christians attack
Damascus.
-Christians end up leaving the
Holy Land unsuccessfully.
...

... to the Holy Land, Crusader
armies, led by nobles, stopped
in Constantinople, met
Emperor Alexius, and
promised him the land they
conquered
 After a 9-month siege,
Crusaders conquered Antioch,
slaughtered Muslim
inhabitants, and pillaged the
city
 They did not return the land
to Alexius
...

... Acre falls to the Saracens
for help to new Pope, Urban II,
in 1095
Church Council in Nov. 1095 urging nobles and knights to free the Holy Land from the
Saracens.
Speech created a wave of ‘pilgrimages’
Including the ‘People’s Crusade’ led by Peter the Hermit, defeated in 1096
Real crusade with leader ...

... The Fifth Crusade, 1217;
The Sixth Crusade, 1228-29, 1239;
The Seventh Crusade, 1249-52;
The Eighth Crusade, 1270.
Throughout Anglo-Saxon and Norman times, many people – not just rich kings and
bishops - went to the Holy Land on a Pilgrimage, despite the long and dangerous
journey – which often took ...

... • What started as a minor
call for aid quickly
turned into a wholesale
migration and conquest
of territory outside of
Europe.
• Most of the Crusader
were French, but came
from all parts of Europe.
• The Crusaders were illprepared for war and
only 12,000 out of 48,000
made it to Jerusalem.
...

... A. The second crusade (1147-48)
1. St. Bernard preaches that fighting is a new part of
God’s plan of salvation
2. French and German kings
3. Complete failure
1. The West now faces Jihad
1. Germans destroyed at Doryleum
2. French defeated at Damascus
4. Not practical enough?
...

... army was rudely mocked by the citizens for engaging in such a poorly-planned coup. Irked that those
they were “liberating” kept violently assaulting them with garbage and facing extreme debt to Venetian
merchants for shipping the army, the crusaders sacked the decidedly Christian Constantinople. It ...

... initiates another Crusade led by Venetian
leaders
 Suppose to be headed to holy land, but
see opportunity to take Byzantium and
eliminate their trade competition
 Christians crusaders attack the Christian
city
...

... Who led the Christians in the third Crusade? Where was he from? What two leaders didn’t make it?
Who won the third crusade?
What was promised to Christians?
The Crusading Spirit Dwindles
Was the fourth crusade successful for the Christians?
What did knights search for on the fourth crusade?
How many ...

... enthusiastic, and ambitious for the glory of the Papacy, he revived the plans of Pope
Urban II and sought once more to unite the forces of Christendom against Islam. No
emperor or king answered his summons, but a number of knights (chiefly French) took
the crusader's vow. None of the Crusades, after ...

Albigensian Crusade

The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209–1229) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by Pope Innocent III to eliminate Catharism in Languedoc, in the south of France. The Crusade was prosecuted primarily by the French crown and promptly took on a political flavour, resulting in not only a significant reduction in the number of practising Cathars but also a realignment of the County of Toulouse, bringing it into the sphere of the French crown and diminishing the distinct regional culture and high level of influence of the Counts of Barcelona.The medieval Christian sect of the Cathars, against whom the crusade was directed, originated from a reform movement within the Bogomil churches of Dalmatia and Bulgaria calling for a return to the Christian message of perfection, poverty and preaching. Their theology was basically dualist. They became known as the Albigensians, because there were many adherents in the city of Albi and the surrounding area in the 12th and 13th centuries.Between 1022 and 1163, they were condemned by eight local church councils, the last of which, held at Tours, declared that all Albigenses ""should be imprisoned and their property confiscated"", and by the Third Council of the Lateran of 1179. Innocent III's diplomatic attempts to roll back Catharism met with little success. After the murder of his legate, Pierre de Castelnau, in 1208, Innocent III declared a crusade against the Cathars. He offered the lands of the Cathar heretics to any French nobleman willing to take up arms. After initial successes, the French barons faced a general uprising in Languedoc which led to the intervention of the French royal army.The Albigensian Crusade also had a role in the creation and institutionalization of both the Dominican Order and the Medieval Inquisition.