1)--------practice in the south of borrowing the money necessary to plant a crop against that future crop.The money was loaned at excessively high interest rates and kept most white and black southerners in perpetual debt.

my answer
1-crop-lien economy

2---------former plantation owners did not have the money necessary to hire laborers to farm their land.In exchange for a portion of the crop,Blacks(and many poor white)were allowed to build houses on a small acreage and farm the land.