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1 Skill building: this seminar will give information to help you develop yourself in the current and next stages of your career

2 What I liked most about my science career: community and culture of science 1. Successes of my trainees: I had some as young as 14 years old work for me and sabbatical staff. 2. Social part of science: friends, friends, friends 3. Successes of my research. Very lucky!! Bench to clinical trial and developed reagent and assays in wide-use and sold commercially. 4. Travel to meetings & 2004 sabbatical in Rome was the best 6 months of my life. 5. Prepared for career away from the lab. Me Petra, Jordan

3 1. The 1 minute speech Talk Outline 2. How to advance your career: unwritten rules 3. What to look for in a post doc 4. Postdoc position: cover letter, curriculum vitae, interview/seminar, etc 5. Mentor and trainee relationship: 6. Leadership: you as a leader! 7. Grant writing: training, $ sources 8. Careers away from the bench The aim is provide you with new skills to succeed in your career goals

4 The one minute talk: how to introduce yourself to anyone Be prepared: you get one chance to make an impression: PRACTICE THIS 1 MINUTE TALK 1.Who you are: your name and position 2.What you do: where you work 3.Why you are at the meeting: what you are interested in 4.Why they should care about meeting you 5.End by trying to connect with the person 6.Look them in the eye and smile

5 Example of 1 minute speech: each situation will be different depending on the person so each speech should be different 1.Who you are: your name and position 2.What you do: where you work 3.Why you are at the meeting: what you are interested in 4.Why they should care about meeting you 5.End by trying to connect with the person 6.Look them in the eye and smile Hi.(put your hand out to shake their hand and make it a strong squeeze and hold it for a second. Look them in the eye and smile). I am Maria Testa from Sapienza. I am a third year graduate student in the Department of Biology. I am attending this meeting to learn more about estrogens. My work mainly focuses on angiogenesis and the aging process. I have found that angiogenesis is less efficient with age in in vitro systems but it improves with estrogen. I am interested in looking now at gender differences in wound healing. I have followed your work for the last year and like your model very much. I am glad to finally meet you. I would like to contact you in the future about a possible post doc position in your lab as I am interested in the type of research you do on estrogens. Are you accepting new postdocs? Again it was so nice to meet you. (now look them in the eye and smile again)

6 Why is the one minute speech important? An opportunity to 1.Make yourself known to others. 2.Impress someone with your careful, clear, and short presentation of yourself. 3.Ask for a job, an antibody, a cell line, etc. 4.Ask an insightful question. 5. Helps you respond to So what do you do? Reminder: this speech takes practice. It can take 3 hours to write the first version. Practice with your friends. Do not exceed one minute.

11 17. Do not be discouraged by rejections, do not be timid, and do promote yourself. It works! 1986 patent application rejected by NIH tech transfer office for lack of usefulness. I argued that they were incorrect and won paper rejected by J. Biol. Chem, CELL, and Biochemistry. I argued with Biochemistry and won (I had given Matrigel out to researchers who were publishing ahead of me) Trademarked and sold by Beckton Dickinson. I went to their booth at the Cell Biology Meeting and suggested they sell it. It is their #1 product Patent issued, Lawsuit against patent (We lost, paid them off) 1992 Patent issued for invasion assay (Dorenkamp-Zbinden award-self nomination, saw an add in Nature for the award, $25,000 and won it) Top 14 royalty bearing patent for NIH for many years. Over 9,100 publications with Matrigel as of 2015 and sold world-wide.

12 Rita Levi-Montalcini was not discouraged by obstacles *Father did not want his daughters to go to college as it would interfere with them being wives/mothers. She convinced him to let her be an MD. *1938 Lost her job as an assistant in anatomy due to laws against jews. *WWII set up lab in her bedroom in Turin. After 2 years, family fled to the south and she set up another lab in the small space they were staying in. *1948 Went to the USA for 12 years *1962 Set up Institute for Cell Biology, Rome *1986 Nobel prize *1992 Set up Education Foundation *2002 Help found European Brain Research Institute

13 Finding a job (the unwritten rules and 1 minute speech will be useful!) 1. Networking is most important activity (if you apply on line you have a 4-24% chance of getting the job) 2. Tell everyone you know that you are looking for a job and ask them for the names of people to contact 3. Attend meetings or events of organizations or people you are interested in. Go to their poster/talk, use you 1 minute speech. 4. Social professional network: linkedin 5. Look at ads in journals, newspapers, on line, etc 6. Be open-minded about your training and how it transfers to the new position. 7. Make business cards and give it out to everyone.

14 What to look for in a postdoc position A period of training (NOT A JOB) where you will obtain skills that will create future opportunities Great Mentor: someone who will train you for independence/success in the world of science (support your career not theirs) Exciting Science: important work published in leading journals. Not the same lab as your Ph.D Encouraging Environment: good & open communication, can talk about your career goals Learning Opportunity: new lab techniques, grant writing, manuscript review (skills & duties of senior scientist). Time to develop your leadership skills!

15 What to look for in a post doc (continued) Begin to become independent: interact with colleagues, collaborations, chose own projects, plan own schedule Opportunity to make lots of contacts: references for next job % of all jobs in science are obtained through contacts Publications: publications, publications ( it is OK to write reviews..top journals preferred) Resources: variety of expertise, reagents, equipment, money, productivity record, independence of fellows, happiness of fellows

16 Other considerations of post doc experience Availability of courses for professional development: grant writing, public speaking, interviewing for a job, negotiation skills, lab management, etc Opportunity to learn about employment in academia, industry, management, science policy, grant administration, law, etc. Salary & benefits (This is ALWAYS discussed last in the job process and never on the first meeting) No position will fulfill all of these optimal conditions so be prepared to prioritize you training needs.

17 The cover letter/ most important as it is the first thing they see -Always tailored to fit the specific position. Do NOT use the same letter for every job application. -One page or less -Should complement NOT duplicate the curriculum vitae information -How you understand the employer s needs and you show them based on your training that you possess the skills to meet those needs (based on your analysis of the job ad or work ongoing in their lab) -Sample of your writing and communication -It is the first information the employer has about you (like the cover of a magazine if it is not interesting, then no one will turn the page to see what is in the magazine. So your letter should be interesting so they will go on to read your resume and want to meet you.

18 The cover letter: basic format Introductory paragraph Introduce yourself, your major, your anticipated degree. How you heard about the position, mention personal connection, State that you have the skills/abilities they need for this position. (Example: My research expertise, interest in gene regulation, and desire to increase my learning in genomics make me an excellent candidate for this position) Body Paragraphs:3-6 sentences each, should explain why you are a good fit for this position and why you want to work for this person. i.e. make the connections with the employer thru examples of your accomplishments and their needs. Maybe just your desire to learn new approaches, enthusiasm for the subject and why, willingness to work hard, etc. Concluding Paragraph: Restate your fit with the job, when you plan to graduate, when you could start the position, add last I look forward to hearing more about this position with a personal interview Sign the letter and include your phone number and

19 The cover letter Do s Spend time composing this letter, make a draft and then rewrite the next day Check spelling and grammar Limit to 1 page Write the way you talk, do not use words that are uncomfortable for you. Personalize each letter for each job Ask advice on your letter and get feedback from friends and faculty Do follow up with a phone call to the employer Keep a record of all applications, responses, and follow up calls Don ts Do not use the pronoun I to start every sentence Do not use fancy fonts or elaborate formatting Do not mark personal and confidential Go on line to see examples of a cover letter at:

20 The curriculum vitae: a comprehensive, wellorganized list of professional accomplishments (unwritten rules will help round out your CV) Cover letters are read and curriculum vitae are skimmed so make the information that the employer is seeking clear and easy to find in the CV. i.e. simple formatting No restrictions on length or format (Will get longer with time) Include every professional accomplishment after college: education, professional positions, training experiences, awards, publications, presentation, grants, teaching experience, scientific techniques, professional affiliations, service to the university or to a professional organization, and the names and contact information of three references. Order of information can be tailored to the job

21 Curriculum Vitae Do s -Include relevant contact information, address, , cell number -Include comprehensive list of professional experiences -Proof for grammar and spelling -Use simple and consistent formatting -List most recent education, publications, etc first -Use the same font and style throughout. Use a simple font. -Supply three people with their contact information who can provide a reference -Get feedback from colleagues, mentors and advisers on your CV before you send it Use 12 font for content and maybe 14 for titles. Send it as a pdf file Don ts -Use complicated formatting or a fancy font -Include personal information such as birthdate, marital status, number of children, social security number, etc -Include unrelated information about hobbies or interests that do not show professional experience -Fill your CV with extra spacing or words to make it appear longer.

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23 Postdoc interview with Potential Adviser Read the papers published by the lab your are interested in. Know what they are working on and their approaches. Prepare a written list of questions for the mentor: some examples of questions are: 1. What do you hope to understand in the next 5 years and why? 2. What are your expectations of a postdoc? 3. Will you or the postdoc determine the research program? 4. How often do you meet with lab members? Individually and in groups? 5. How backlogged are you in submitting papers? 6. Will training classes be available?

24 Examples of questions for the postdoc advisor (continued) 7. Where have you recent posdocs gone? 8. How many postdocs/grad students are in the lab? 9. Will you help me find a position? 10. What is the your policy on travel to meetings? Authorship? Ownership of ideas? 11. Will I have practice in grant writing? Teaching? Mentoring? Oral presentations? Review of manuscripts? 12. Will I be able to take part of a project away with me to my next position? 13. How long is financial support guaranteed. On what does renewal depend?

25 Examples of questions for the lab members 1. Do lab members compete with each other or help each other? 2. Are you happy? 3. Are you excited about your research? 4. Do you get to go to meetings? Review papers? 5. Do you get to take training courses? 6. Do you have any problems? 7. Is the supervisor a good mentor? How often do you meet with him/her? 8. What are you working on and for how long? Remember: You are interviewing them. You want to know if this lab is where you will fit in, learn, and be productive. If the lab seems perfect for you, tell them and the mentor

26 The interview seminar: Tips for making oral presentations effective and holding your audiences attention 1.Know your audience: try to meet them before the talk. Know the audience age, education level, etc. Make your talk fit the audience level of knowledge and training Dress for the institution (not for yourself). 2.Seize their attention: joke, story, picture (my picture on first slide of this presentation) Your first slide or what you say first is their first impression. 3..Be excited about what you are talking about. Voice should vary 4.Personalize whenever possible. Mention names

27 Talk: continued 5. State the main points clearly. The audience time is VERY valuable to them. Have the titles of data tables or figures state the conclusions. (instead of Effect estrogen on blood vessels state Estrogen promoted blood vessel formation ) If you only have a 30 minute talk..do not stretch it our longer. 6. Use appropriate anecdotes. Do not tell about your mistakes or failures only the things that worked! Be positive!! 7. Make eye contact. Smile. 8. Involve the audience if the room is small by asking them a question.

29 Mentor A person who has achieved career success and counsels and enthusiastically guides another person for the purpose of helping him/her achieve success. Someone who is nurturing, sensitive to your needs, understanding, respectful, accessible, helpful in building your skills, and committed to increasing your success in a life-long relationship. Nature 447:791, 2007 Nature s guide for mentors (useful for both trainee and mentor)

30 Training in Scientific Investigation Identification of a scientifically innovative, important, and feasible research project that increases the trainees skills Supervisor/mentor monitors work closely at first and follows project enough to offer scientific advice whether the project is going well or not With experience, the trainee develops more independence

33 Training in Skills of Personal Interactions -Trainee learns negotiation, persuasion, and diplomatic skills -Trainee learns to network with other scientists (dinner with a speaker, report your successes by or send the paper, etc -Trainee develops a network of productive colleagues

34 Career Planning -Trainee considers a diversity of career paths -Trainee discusses career plans at least once per year -Trainee attends workshops designed to enhance one s preparation for job hunting & professional development (grant writing workshops, improving teaching skills, data presentation, etc) -Trainee is encouraged to have confidence & be creative

35 Responsibility of Trainees: Mentoring is not one sided -Must have a commitment to the work of the organization and to the achievement of their goals -Must interact productively with others to promote collaborative projects -Must recognize role as part of a team effort -Should make their satisfactions, dissatisfactions, and needs known clearly and often (sometimes you have tell the mentor how to be a mentor gently) -Be proactive and seek the mentors whom you trust and have time for you. -Create the structure of the relationship: your goals and expectations in terms of time for you and for mentor

37 Mentoring and being mentored are essential, life-long components of professional life.

38 Leadership Leadership = vision + relationships + tasks Leaders = build a web of relationships in the profession and articulate the emerging thinking and get people to enact the vision Why important? Every professional must be a leader. Every job is at the front lines. The skills of leadership must be central to your view of yourself (link to Making the Right Moves) Books, courses, etc also available on line.

39 Your success will depend heavily upon your ability to guide, lead, and empower others to do their best work Read books, articles, and attend courses on leadership Know your strengths and weaknesses Create a vision: broad ideas with key measures of success tied to values and culture of your field/ institution; a distinct future that distinguishes your program from others My vision is that we are going to regenerate the heart the after heart attack. That is what I would like to accomplish with my career. I found that at first people may think it is odd but pretty soon when they hear it again and again, you start seeing people agreeing with you. Hearing a clearly stated vision does help to inspire in people the vision behind what you are working on.

40 Create your vision Should be important in five years Can be technical, strategic, managerial etc. Talk to dynamic leaders and observe their way of expression/behavior Find out what future issues are important at meetings/talking to people Pick an issue you really want to work on and set a timeline Pick an issue that no one is thinking about and talk about it Cultivate your powers of being interested in things Learn about new technologies Talk to people with novel ideas who are leaders Ask questions and get opinions Organize people around an emerging issue Learn to motivate people Network with individuals whose strengths complement yours Modify behavior that is not enhancing your leadership skills Assess your progress BECOME a Leader it takes time and careful planning

41 Examples of leadership activities for graduate students -Organize a seminar series for your institution or department -Promote a social cause related to your science (encourage staff to do a Walk for diabetes or Race for the cure for cancer ) -Always ask questions at seminars -Serve an a committee at Roma Tre -Organize a lunch for first year students -Organize a career seminar with a previous Rome Tre graduate who now works for a company or other type of organization -Develop with other students a handbook/website for graduate students on how to get a job outside of Italy or other topic -Create a student award and organize a committee -Ask a patent attorney to give a talk on patent law or an MD to give one on clinical trials.

42 Career advantages of collaborations 1. You are an equal team member, less conflicted, more positive, more independent (not a subordinate role) 2. Way to grow your professional network. 3. Way to develop job opportunities 4. Successful collaborations lead to more collaborations. 5. You have to find collaborators: look for them! 6. Ask your adviser first for permission 7. Best collaborator: some established, in a different lab, pair your methodologies with their problems or their methodologies with your problems % of your time should be on collaborations.

47 Careers away from the lab: not a dirty word You have transferable skills from your science training that are important in non science career 1.Think critically and solve problems 2.Know how to ask questions 3.Good oral and written communication skills 4.Know how to negotiate 5.Know how manage time and a project (you have completed a large self directed project: your thesis) 6.Can teach and mentor staff 7.You are a self starter 8.You are a team player and flexible 9.You know how to network and communicate

48 Leaving the lab is a positive experience I enjoyed doing research but now I am seeking a new challenge that will allow me to use my skills that I mastered as a graduate student Look for jobs that interest you, not jobs that you think you should be doing: Be open minded Be positive: no one will hire a depressed person Use your network to find opportunities Market yourself and your abilities related to the job you want and how you can contribute to the organization Search broadly

50 What if I have a career not related to science? Did I waste my education? No education is wasted! Many science-educated professionals are chiefs, art restorers, managers of agriturismos, tour guides, etc. Remember your training in communication, problem solving, analysis, patience, computers, etc have provided a foundation of skills that are transferable to many different successful careers.

51 Everything I showed you today came from on line sources such as these listed below sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/

52 You are in charge of your career. BE YOUR OWN ADVOCATE Be confident Communicate ENJOY!

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