The Invasive, Exotic Dirty Dozens

Transcription

1 The Invasive, Exotic Dirty Dozens What follows are examples of the plants and animals that are invading, infesting, and damaging Houston s bayous and creeks. Many of these species were deliberately introduced and others by accident from the nursery and landscape trade and the aquarium trade. (Full List) Trees... Page 2 5 Shrubs Perennials Annuals Herbaceous Vines Grasses and Grass-Like Ferns Birds Fishes Insects Mammals Reptiles Mollusks... 48

2 Trees Camphor Tree Cinnamomum camphora Invasive, Exotic Tree Height is to 100 ft. Evergreen Aromatic Leaves Displacing Native Trees and Plants Throughout the Southern United States Increasing Level of Infestation Sold in the Nursery and Landscape Trade Native to Asia Chinaberry Melia azedarach Invasive, Exotic Tree Height is to 40 ft. or More Displacing Native Plant Species All Over the United States Produces Much Fruit and Seeds Recently Reintroduced Into the Nursery and Landscape Trade Native to China Chinese Elm Ulmus parvifolia Invasive, Exotic Tree Height is ft. Wind Blown Seeds Leaves are Glossy and Smooth Extensively Planted as a Street Tree Native to China BPA, Eric Ruckstuhl: Dirty Dozens, Page 2

3 Trees Chinese Tallow Sapium sebiferum Invasive, Exotic Tree Height is to 40 ft. Very High Seed Germination Infesting Much of the Southern United States Capable of Heavy Displacement of Native Plant Species Native to China Crape Myrtle Lagerstroemia indica and Lagerstroemia indica x fauriei Invasive, Exotic Deciduous Small Tree Height is to 20 ft. or More Pink, Red, or White Flowers Exfoliating Bark Displaces Native Trees and Shrubs It is Thought that Specimens Found in the Wild Could Be Non-Sterile Hybrids Native to China and Japan BPA, Eric Ruckstuhl: Dirty Dozens, Page 3

17 Perennials Annuals Herbaceous Elephant Ear Colocasia esculenta Invasive, Exotic Aquatic Plant Height is to 6 ft. Large Leaves are Shaped Similar to an Elephants Ears Infesting Wetland and Riparian Habitats in Over 1/3 of the United States A Gambusia Species of Fish Endemic to Texas Was Driven to Extinction Because of Elephant Ear Heavily Sold in the Nursery and Landscape Trade Native to Asia False Asiatic Hawksbeard Youngia japonica Invasive, Exotic Annual Height is to 2 ft. Yellow Flowers Widely Advancing in the Southeastern U.S. Native to Asia Giant Salvinia Salvinia molesta Invasive, Exotic Aquatic Plant Doubles Size in 2-4 Days Destroys Aquatic Habitats in Slow Moving Fresh Water Salt is Lethal to This Plant Eradicated From South Carolina, but Still a Problem in Texas and Louisiana Native to Brazil BPA, Eric Ruckstuhl: Dirty Dozens, Page 17

33 Grasses and Grass-Like Angleton Bluestem Dichanthium aristatum Invasive, Exotic Grass Height is to 3ft. Culms Ascending From a Decumbent Base Freely Rooting at the Lower Nodes Native to Old World Tropics Bahia Paspalum notatum Invasive, Exotic Grass Height is to Just Under 2 ft. Blades Flat or Folded Used as a Forage Grass The variety Saurae Parodi is Used as a Lawn Grass Native from S. America to Mexico BPA, Eric Ruckstuhl: Dirty Dozens, Page 33

35 Grasses and Grass-Like Giant Reed Arundo donax Invasive, Exotic Grass Height is to 18 ft. Used for Bold Effects in Garden and for Erosion Control Becomes a Pest Along Waterways Native to the Mediterranean Golden Bamboo Phyllostachys aurea Invasive, Exotic Bamboo Species Height is 6-30 ft. Can Grow into Ever-Spreading Clumps that Crowd Out Native Species Sold in the Nursery and Landscape Trade Native to Asia Johnson Grass Sorghum halepense Invasive, Exotic Grass Height is 5-6 ft. Cultivated for Forage Out Competes Short Grass Prairie Plants Has Naturalized in Many Parts of the U.S. Native to the Mediterranean BPA, Eric Ruckstuhl: Dirty Dozens, Page 35

45 Insects Asian Tiger Mosquito Aedes albopictus Invasive, Exotic Insect Length is 2-10 mm Black and White Striped Legs Black and White Body Found in Houston at the Houston Ship Channel in a Shipment of Used Tires in 1985 Native to S.E. Asia Fire Ant (Imported) Solenopsis invicta Invasive, Exotic Insect Length is ¼ inch Head and Thorax is Dull Red and the Abdomen is Dark Introduced into the United States From Ships in the Mid -Twentieth Century Will Eat Anything, Including Small and Newborn Mammals Native to S. America German Cockroach Blattella germanica Invasive, Exotic Insect Length is 5/8 inch Body Brown 2 Blackish Stripes on Pale Yellow-Brown Shield Behind Head Pest in All American Cities Native to Eurasia BPA, Eric Ruckstuhl: Dirty Dozens, Page 45

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