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A term that designates communications between two or more individuals that takes place simultaneously. It is marked by the all communicants being involved in the communications process at the same time, though not necessarily at the same location. Examples of synchronous electronic communication include telephone calls and instant messaging (though the former may take place asynchronously, as well).
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The Digital Generation and Web 2.0: E-Learning Concern or Media Myth?

The sender and receiver are using the communication device at the same time, enabling an immediate ‘conversational’ response to be given, as if they were in the same room at the same time. A telephone call is an example of synchronous communication system.
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Learning Styles in Online Environments

This type of communication occurs in real time and allows an individual to retrieve an answer to a question simultaneously. One such example is instant messenger (IM).
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Online Academic Advising