Howard Terpning'sArt
of Native American Ceremonies

Ceremony and spirituality extended beyond the
individual to include the warrior societies that
existed among all the tribes on the Great Plains.
Membership in these elite groups was most often
reserved for those who were distinguished by their bravery in battle. The Cheyenne Dog Soldiers were such a
group, as were the Shirt Wearers of the Oglala Sioux. The
leaders of the People emerged from these societies, not
by formal election or appointment but by a consensus of
confidence based on admiration and respect. The warrior societies were dedicated to the welfare of the
People, and each had its own ceremonial traditions and
medicine rituals.

The pomp and circumstance of ceremony were also
attached to rituals related to sacred medicine bundles
that were maintained for the mutual benefit of an individual band or an entire tribal unit. The Bear Knife bundle and the Thunder Pipe bundle were two of the most sacred and potent possessions of the Blackfoot.
The ritual opening of the Bear Knife bundle was a
petition to the spirit of the knife for courage and victory in war against all enemies. The Thunder Pipe bundle was opened at the first sound of thunder each spring in a ceremony designed to renew the pipe's power to heal and protect the Blackfoot people.