J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. shareholders voted in favor of the company’s compensation plans at the bank’s annual shareholder meeting, though the tally was the lowest since 2011.

The preliminary vote garnered 61.4% of shareholders, the lowest since the Dodd-Frank financial-overhaul law in 2011 required public companies to let shareholders vote on approving top executives’ pay packages. Last year 77.9% of shareholders voted in favor. Shareholders also endorsed James Dimon’s twin role as chairman and chief executive with...