Szekely Script & Murfatlar Script = litterae blackorum ?The official position of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has been to ignore or deny the existence of the Magyar runic script. Instead, imposed theories of its Phoenician, Türk, Kazár, Aramaic, Ancient Semitic, or Ancient Slavic origin have been promoted and attempts made to validate them as such, even though the ethnogenesis and literacy of these people occurred thousands of years later than those of the Magyar ancestors. The cultural genocide began forcefully in the 10th and 11th centuries and has since continued. The Codices with runic writing and the carved runic sticks were burned; the Táltos (person with supernatural power similar to a shamans) were killed or incarcerated. Beginning with King St. István, all the kings – with the exception of King Mátyás in the 15th century !! – accepted the orders of the Roman Pope to destroy the so called pagan culture.

Székely Rovásírás: A group of researchers dealing with the subject, primarily Klára Sándor use and recommend the term “Székely Writing” because there is no evidence that the writing was used by the Hungarian as a whole. János Thuróczi’s in 1488 : “a part of this nation, which resides in Transylvania, makes certain signs on wood .. these Szeklers have not forgotten the letters of Scyth ..”

The First Bulgarian Empire was a medieval state that existed in southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. It was founded circa 681, at the height of its power, spread from the Danube Bend to the Black Sea and from the Dnieper River to the Adriatic Sea. It entered into a centuries-long interaction, sometimes friendly and sometimes hostile, with the Byzantine Empire. Bulgaria emerged as Byzantium’s chief antagonist to its north, resulting in several wars. The two powers also enjoyed periods of peace and alliance, most notably during the Second Arab siege of Constantinople, where the Bulgarian army broke the siege and destroyed the Arab army, thus preventing an Arab invasion of Southeastern Europe. Byzantium had a strong cultural influence on Bulgaria, which also led to the eventual adoption of Christianity in 864. After the disintegration of the Avar Khaganate, the country expanded its territory northwest to the Pannonian Plain. Later the Bulgarians confronted the advance of the Pechenegs and Cumans, and achieved a decisive victory over the Magyars, forcing them to establish themselves permanently in Pannonia. During the late 9th and early 10th centuries, Simeon I achieved a string of victories over the Byzantines. Thereafter, he was recognized with the title of Emperor, and proceeded to expand the state to its greatest extent. After the annihilation of the Byzantine army in the battle of Anchialus in 917, the Bulgarians laid siege to Constantinople in 923 and 924. The Byzantines, however, eventually recovered, and in 1014, under Basil II, inflicted a crushing defeat on the Bulgarians at the Battle of Kleidion. By 1018, the last Bulgarian strongholds had surrendered to the Byzantine Empire, and the First Bulgarian Empire had ceased to exist. It was succeeded by the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185.

THE MURFATLAR RUNIC SCRIPT – murfatlar.blogspot.ro/2014/03/
In June 1957, near the Romanian village Basarabi (former Murfatlar) was discovered the Monastic Complex of Murfatlar. The workers of a limestone quarry suddenly found an entrance of a rock church, which later would be called B1. From 1957 to 1960, romanian archaeologists conducted archaeological survey organized by the Institute of Archaeology in Bucharest presented by Ion Barnea and, the Directorate of architectural monuments presented by Victor and Liana Bilchiuresku . In the course of studies they found several churches and chapels (B1 , B2 , B3, B4, E3 , E5 ) , galleries (H , G ​​1-5), burial chambers (C1 , C2) and cells (E1 , E2 , E4 , E6 ) . Medieval workers in limestone quarry and monks have left many anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and, geometric drawings on soft limestone walls. But not only that. On walls of the Monastic complex, its inhabitants had engraven Cyrillic, Glagolitic, Greek and runiform inscriptions.The following year, romanian scientist D. Bogdan published an article in which he analyses about 45 runiform inscriptions found in the church B1 and neighboring areas . Conclusion of the author is that the inscriptions can be divided chronologically into three groups: signs of old Turkic runic inscriptions with old Turkic runes and glagolitic and Cyrillic letters and Cyrillic and Glagolitic inscriptions. According to Bogdan, since about 40 Murfatlar signs differ from the Old Turkic letters, then the Murfatlar Script can be attributed to Daco-Getae population which later began to use the Cyrillic and Glagolitic. The article presented facsimiles with over 45 Runiform inscriptions.
In 1962 Jon Barney wrote the article “Predvaritelynie informacia o kamennah pamyatnikah in Basarabi” which tells the story of the new discoveries in Murfatlar rock complex , B2-4 churches, galleries and burial chambers.
In the book “Tyurko-balgari i Madzari” Peter Juhasz examine the relationship between Szekely alphabet and Bulgar runiform. Juhasz offered a long list of inscriptions attributed to Medieval Bulgars, among which stood out around 60 inscriptions 1000 years old, found in the rock churches near the village of Murfatlar. V. Beshevliev in an article on Murfatlar Script gives 40 facsimiles with those mysterious inscriptions. Polish linguist Edward Tryjarski claimed reading of a few Runiform inscriptions. In 1991 was published the book “Kamennata kniga na Balgarite ” by economist Peter Dobrev, he claimed he deciphered Bulgar Alphabet.Bulgarian scientists established that while the signs of Murfatlar had similarity with 15 Orhon-Yenisei letters, 15 Szekely rovas, 14 characters from Novocherkassk, 12 of Karakent, 6 Mayakskoе gоrоdishte, 4 signs of Nagy Szent Miklos, 3 from Humara, it had similarities with 6 main characters and three variants of Futhark runes. He also notes the similarity of 4 murfatlar signs with Cyrillic alphabet.
Romanian scientist A. Stanchulesku had made the first attempt to decipher the Murfatlar Script. He found that the murfatlar inscriptions were written at 4 stages : Gothic, Gothic-Old German, Old German and Bulgar. According to Stanchulesku, Dako-Getae who had lived near Murfatlar around the 4th century used an ancient script and incised on the walls of the monastery Gothic texts. Same letter with minor changes has been used during following centuries to write Old German texts. So using different languages ​​Stanchulesku managed to decipher several of Murfatlar runiform inscriptions (Stanciulescu A. 1977 , Stanciulescu A. 1986).Sv. Venelinova in 2003 released an article comparing Murfatlar Script with signs of Nagy Saint Miklos.
According to Granberg, there was a Balkan Runiform alphabet consisting of 25-26 letters. Some of letters of this alphabet either had had local variants or varied over time. The direction of writing was from right to left. Also the Runiform alphabet influenced some of the Cyrillic letters (Granberg A. 2005).
In 2011 Z. Voinikov published a study of Runiform script of the Ancient Bulgarians. He attempted to decipher tens of runic inscriptions from the Cave monastery of Murfatlar. Voynikov believed that the language of the ancient Bulgarians was akin to the language of the medieval Alans.Nedyalko Ovcharov: From the inscriptions shown above I separated 77 different characters. 44 of them were found two or more times. The first column of the following table shows the number of characters, the second – sign itself and the third frequency of use ( first number represents how many times the second meeting in how messages).The first samples of Orkhon-Yenisei writing found along the Orkhon River date from the beginning of the 8th century. The materials on the table are from Kononov (A. Kononov 1980). They compare the letters of the three branches of Orkhon-Yenisei script (Orkhon, Yenisey and, Talas) with 44 most common of the Murfatlar characters. Their form is shown at column 6 and, their serial number at 7. I found that 13 of most common Murfatlar signs are graphically close to Orkhon characters.First artifacts of Runiform script found in Eastern Europe are the inscriptions of the treasure of Nagy Saint Miklos from 1799 and texts on flask from the area of ​​Tsaritsyno found in 1896’s. In an article for newly found inscription from Sarvash, Hungarian linguist A.Rona-Tash divided Runiform scripts from Eastern Europe on five geographical regions : the Northern Caucasus , the Volga- Don region, Dobrudzha, Eastern Bulgaria and Carpathian basin (Rona-Tas A. 1988). Kyzlasov made a slightly different division. Based on thorough analysis, he classified Steppe Alphabets into two groups: Asian and Eurasian. Asian group includes Orkhon-Yenissey script. In Eurasian group, Kyzlasov put Don, Kuban, Ashiktash, South-Yenissey and Isfarin alphabets. Outside this division Kyzlasov left runiform inscriptions from the Balkans and the Carpathian Basin (Kyzlasov I. 1994). Here we make a comparison between the five alphabets of the Eurasian group, based on Kyzlasov’s classification with Murfatlar runiform script. Murfatlar signs fell in with: 14 signs of Don characters, 13 of Kuban, 10 of South-Yenissey, 11 of Ashiktash and, 5 of Isfarin.

Greek language was an official language of Early Mediaeval Bulgaria to the adoption of the disciples of Cyril and Methodius by Boris in 886, today we know over 70 Greek inscriptions on stone issued by the Bulgarian state on various occasions. The earliest are from the king Tervel and at the latest by the time of king Simeon (Beshevliev C. 1979). The following table compare 44 Murfatlar signs with the letters of the Greek alphabet used in four Bulgar inscriptions. Nine of Murfatlar characters coincide in form with the letters of the Greek alphabet.

Initially scientist thought that the alphabet created at about 863 AD by Cyril and Methodius to record the Slavonic language was Cyrillic (Dobrovski, Sreznevski) but Glagolitic was cryptography. Today, most scientists believe that the Glagolitic alphabet was created by the brothers and probably one of their students created Cyrillic based on the Greek uncial letters are added to the missing of the Greek alphabet Slavic sounds (Ivanova T. 2004, Grammar of Old English, 1991). The following table comparing 44 Murfatlar characters with the letters of the Cyrillic alphabet. Ten of Murfatlar signs coincide in shape with Cyrillic letters.

Carpathian Basin Script is known from two findings: the world-famous treasure of Nagyszentmiklos and the needle case from Szarvas. The treasure from Nagyszaintmiklos was found at 1799 near the town of Sânnicolau Mare in northern Banat today in Timiş County in western Romania and consists of 23 gold vessels dated from the 6th to the 10th century. On the dishes were cut 12 runiform inscription. After the excavation, the treasure was transferred to Vienna. Ever since, it has been in the possession of the Kunsthistorisches Museum there, where it is on permanent display. The following table compares 44 Murfatlar characters with the signs from Carpathian Basin. Eleven of Murfatlar signs coincide in form with the Carpathian characters.

After graphically comparing the characters of Murfatlar, with alphabets that could be related to it in one or another way, I have got the following interesting conclusions :

1. The following 23 Murfatlar characters are found among the characters of the Runiform alphabets of Europe and Asia :

2. Those 21 Murfatlar characters are found among the characters of the Greek, Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets :

3. 7 Murfatlar signs are found among the letters of the Greek, Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets, but not among the letters of the Runiform alphabets. It is likely that these letters are borrowed as graphics and sound values.

4. The following 11 characters are not found in any of the analysed above alphabets:

5. Two of Murfatlar signs, who are one of the most frequently occurring, have analogues in all Runiform alphabets and Glagolitic. In Orkhon-Yenisey script, Szekely runiform and Glagolitic these letters have the same sound value: n and o (this sign in Orkhon-Yenisey alphabet have phonetic value for “o” and “u”). Experts believe that these two letters were borrowed from the Semitic alphabets in Central Asia where they had almost the same shape (Clauson G. 1970 , B. Livshits 1980).

In 1978, near the village of Ravna, Varna district, was found a Medieval Bulgarian monastery from the second half of the 9th century. On the walls of the monastery, had been discovered nearly 150 inscriptions written in several graphic systems: Cyrillic, Glagolitic, Greek alphabet and Runiform alphabet. Among them was the runic inscription incised on a stone block. It was published by K. Popkonstantinov as No. 1 (Popkonstantinov K. 1997) . On the stone block were depicted a human figure and two horses. Above the human figure had been incised the first 4 letters of the Greek alphabet. In the outline of one of the horses were cut 11 Runiform characters. The second sign from left to right is identical with the letter “a” of the Greek alphabet. The third sign is graphically similar to b1 from Orkhon-Yenisei alphabet. This allows me to guess that inscription Ravna1 (in the numbering of Popkonstantinov) depicts the beginning of a Runiform alphabet. It could be assumed that the fourth character is “b” with an extra dash – perhaps with sound value ” v”, and the fifth which, resembling Orkhon-Yenisei “ng” have sound value of “g”. The sixth sign is graphically similar to “d” of Szekely alphabet.

Inscription R1 from Ravna according K. Popkonstantinov

Final Notes – So far, we found out the phonetic value of 26 Murfatlar grapheme.