Nicorandil is potentially effective to prevent cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) receiving hemodialysis. The purpose of this study is to prospectively investigate whether nicorandil is effective in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with CAD on hemodialysis.

Detailed Description

Patients on hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease are at high risk for death from ischemic heart disease. It was reported that nicorandil, a hybrid compound on adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel opener and nitric oxide door, was potentially effective to prevent cardiovascular events in patients with CAD receiving hemodialysis. Therefore, investigators prospectively examine whether nicorandil is effective in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with CAD on hemodialysis.

Patient population that needs to prove the hypothesis is estimate to be 300 cases in total (150 cases in each group). Investigators set the parameters which are need to calculate the number of study patients as follows; drop out rate 10%, an event rate of the primary end point for two years 50%, a risk reduction rate brought by nicorandil 60%, a statistical power 80% and two-sided significant level 0.05. Investigators referred the event rate and the risk reduction rate from the previous study by Ishi H et al. In this study, event rate of the primary end point for two years was 50% and the risk reduction brought by nicorandil was 60%. Event rate of the present study will be lower, because drug-eluting stents are widely used to prevent restenosis in the present era. Moreover, investigators include the patients underwent coronary bypass graft in the present study. In addition, non-cardiovascular mortality is high in the patients on hemodialysis. Considering all the various factors together, investigators estimated the study sample size.