The Scientific Method is a logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world, in which experimentation and observation are used to test hypotheses.

1. Question/ Problem

2. Observations

3. Form a hypothesis

4. Do the experiment

5. Conclusion

Whose ideas were involved in the Law of Gravity?

Isaac Newton.

Whose work did Johannes Kepler follow in 1601?

Tycho Brahe.

Where did Model Parliament meet and what kinds of things did they discuss?

They met at Westminster in London. They discussed political and social things, as well as taxes.

Name one right that the Magna carta guaranteed to English citizens.

- No taxation without representation.

- A jury trial.

- Protection of the law.

Who came up with the Heliocentric Theory?

Nicolaus Copernicus

When was the Magna Carta signed?

June 15, 1215

What is Monotheism?

The belief in only one god.

What does CAWATCI stand for?

Cities

Artisans & specialized

Workers

Advanced

Technology

Complex

Institutions

Mesopotamia

In Greek means "land between the rivers".

Nirvana

Buddhists believed that anyone could reach Nirvana, the Buddha's word for release from selfishness and pain. They could do so by following the Eightfold Path.

Domestication

The taming of animals for human use.

Hinduism

They believe in reincarnation until moksha is achieved. A soul's karma follows from one reincarnation to another. Karma influences specific life circumstances, such as the caste one is born into, one's state of health, wealth or poverty, and so on.

Confucianism

Confucius said that education could transform a humbly born person into a gentleman. In saying this, he laid the groundwork for the creation of a beaurocracy, a trained civil service, or those who run the government.

Daoism

A Chinese thinker named Laozi wrote the book Dao De Jing and he believed that one universal force called the Dao, meaning "The Way", guides all things.

Legalism

Hanfeizi and Li Si were among the founders of Legalism. They were a group of political thinkers. They believed that a highly efficient and powerful gov't was key to restoring order. Civil disorder should be ended and harmony should be restored.

Pax Romana

A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.

5 Themes of Geography

Location

Place

Human Environment Interaction

Movement

Region

Fief

A grant of land that is granted to a vassal from his lord.

Bushido

A set of rules for warriors in Japan.

Indulgence

A pardon releasing a person from punishments due for sin.

Plebeians

The plebeians were the lower class. The plebeians included everyone in ancient Rome (except for the nobility, the patricians) from well-to-do tradesmen all the way down to the very poor.

Patricians

The patricians were the upper class, the nobility and wealthy land owners.

Renaissance (time period)

A period of European history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views of theworld.

A dramatically widespread exchange of the animals, plants, culture and human populations, diseases, & ideas between the Eastern and Western hemispheres (Old World to New World).

Black Plague/ Black Death

It killed millions of people in medieval times. It was spread from the fleas on rats, and caused the end of Feudalism because many workers ended up getting killed and the remaining workers demanded more pay.

Peloponnesian War

431 to 404 BC. It was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire, against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.

Muslim/Islam

Muslims believe that there is only one God, called Allah in Arabic. Muslims also believe that Islam existed long before Muhammad though it was not called Islam until the revelation of Surah al-Ma'ida.

Shogun

In feudal Japan, a supreme militarycommander who ruled in the name of the emperor. The most powerful lord in Japan, The great general.

Feudalism

Hereditary, hierarchal and reciprocal system in which land is exchanged for loyalty and service.

King/Queen

Noble/Lord

Knight/Vassal

Peasant/Serf

Chivalry

A code of conduct that knights in the middle ages followed. It required knights to be loyal and brave.

What is the Silk Road?

An extensive network of trade routes across the Asian continent connecting East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean world, as well as North and Northeast Africa and Europe.

Caravel

Small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed in the 15th century by the Portuguese. The lateen sails gave it speed and the capacity for sailing against the world.

Prince Henry

Son of Portugal's king. The most enthusiastic supporter of exploration of the time.

Predestination

The doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand including which people will be eternally saved.

Basil II

He oversaw the stabilization & expansion of the Byzantine Empire's E. frontier, and the final and complete subjugation of Bulgaria, the Empire's foremost European foe, after a prolonged struggle. Nicknamed by authors as "the Bulgar-slayer"

Middle Passage

The journey of slave trading ships from the W. coast of Africa, across the Atlantic, where they were sold or traded for goods such as molasses, which was used in the making of rum. It was the hardest, longest, most dangerous part of the journey.

Bastille Day

July 14, 1789.

Norman Conquest

Began on Sept. 28,1066 with the invasion of England by William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy and his victory at the Battle of Hastings on October 14, 1066 over King Harold II of England. Ended in approx. 1088.

Causes of the French Revolution

Political and social inequalities, bankruptcy of the government, influence of the Enlightenment and the American Revolution, and the outbreak of revolution in 1789.

Continental System

Napoleon's policy of preventing trade between Great Britain and continental Europe, intended to destroy Great Britain's economy.

Machiavelli

Italian philosopher and writer in Florence during the Renaissance. One of the main founders of modern political science. He was a diplomat, political philosopher, & playwright. He also wrote comedies, carnival songs, and poetry.

Leonardo Da Vinci

Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, geologist, cartographer, botanist and writer. Often been described as a Renaissance man, a man whose curiosity was equaled only by his inventions.

Louis XIV (Nickname)

Sun King- he thought all power radiated from him. He began governing France in 1661 after the death of his prime minister, the Italian Cardinal Mazarin.The Sun King generously financed the royal court, and supported those who worked under him.

Wollstonecraft (FEMALE)

Women's rights activist.

Habeas Corpus

A writ, or legal action, through which a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention.

Michelangelo

Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, poet, and engineer. He created the Statue of David before he was 30.

Eastern Roman Empire (What does it become later?)

Byzantine Empire.

Creoleclass

A social class in the caste system of the colonies established by Spain in the 16th century in Latin America, the locally born people of pure or mostly Spanish ancestry. They ranked below that of the Iberian Peninsulares, the high-born yet still commoner class of permanent residence colonists born in Spain, but who were permanent residents.

Martin Luther

Start of the religion Lutheran.

Diderot

Contributed to literature w/ Jacques le fataliste et son maître examining philosophical ideas about free will. Diderot is also known as the author of the dialogue, Le Neveu de Rameau, upon which many articles & sermons have been based.

John Locke

English philosopher& physician, one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered 1 of the 1st of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he's equally important to social contract theory.Writings influenced Voltaire& Rousseau.

1st, 2nd, 3rd estates (who, % of population, taxes)

1st estate was church and clergy(0.5% of pop.) 2nd was nobility (about 1.5% of pop.) and 3rd was peasants. The 3rd Estate made up 97% of the population.

Reign of Terror

The period, from mid-1793 to mid-1794, when Robespierre ruled France nearly as a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed.

Order of the Chinese Dynasties

Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan

Voltaire

Famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties, including freedom of religion and free trade. Wrote plays, poetry, novels, essays, historical and scientific works. He used satire in his work.

Why does Peter the Great visit the West?

Peter visited the West because he wanted to secure Allies in Austria and Poland, and convince them to continue war against the Turks. He also wanted to learn more about Western Europe.

Johann Guttenberg

He created the first full-sized book printed with movable type and a printing press.

Nirvana- Hinduism or Buddhism?

Buddhism.

Moksha- Hinduism or Buddhism?

Hinduism.

Who invented the Printing Press?

Johann Guttenberg.

Why was Galileo Galilei put under house arrest?

For agreeing with Copernicus' heliocentric theory after being told by the Church not to.

Glorious Revolution (who came to power, who was overthrown)

Bloodless overthrow of King James II.

Constitutional Monarchy

One ruler cannot have too much power, even if he is the monarch.

Plebiscite

A vote of the people.

Peninsular War

A conflict, lasting from 1808 to 1813, in which Spanish Rebels, with the aid of British forces, fought to drive Napoleons French troops out of Spain.

Scorched- Earth Policy

Russians burned all grain and slaughtered all livestock so that the French army would have nothing to eat when they invaded.

Marie Antoinette (Why unpopular, her nickname)

She spent too much money on clothes and gambling, which caused France to go into bankruptcy several times. Her nickname was Madame Deficit.

Who was the most outstanding leader in the Congress of Vienna?

Prince Klemens Von Metternich.

Countries in the Congress of Vienna

Austria, Prussia, Russia, Great Britain, and France.

Polytheism

The belief in multiple gods.

The Reformation

A 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the popes authority.

Congress of Vienna

A series of meetings in 1814-1815, during which the Europeon leaders sought to establish long-lasting peace and security after the defeat of Napoleon.