This is a trivial wrapper around libc's glob(3) function for OCaml. The Glob
module interface contains a single function, glob. This function takes a
string argument possibly containing shell wildcards, and returns an array
containing the names of the file system entries matching it.

LGPL

Cash is a Unix shell that is embedded within Objective Caml. It's a Caml implementation of (an as large as possible subset of) the API of Scsh, the Scheme Shell by Olin Shivers. The Scsh API is designed for writing useful standalone Unix programs and shell scripts (but rather not for interactive command use). It spans a wide range of application, from script applications usually handled with perl or sh, to more standard systems applications usually written in C.

libguestfs is a library for accessing and modifying guest disk images. Amongst the things this is good for: making batch configuration changes to guests, getting disk used/free statistics (see also: virt-df), migrating between virtualization systems (see also: virt-p2v), performing partial backups, performing partial guest clones, cloning guests and changing registry/UUID/hostname info, and much else besides.
libguestfs uses Linux kernel and qemu code, and can access any type of guest filesystem that Linux and qemu can, including but not limited to: ext2/3/4, btrfs, FAT and NTFS, LVM, many different disk partition schemes, qcow, qcow2, vmdk.
libguestfs provides ways to enumerate guest storage (eg. partitions, LVs, what filesystem is in each LV, etc.). It can also run commands in the context of the guest. Also you can mount guest filesystems on the host (requires root privs and NFS).
libguestfs is a library that can be linked with C and C++ management programs (or management programs written in OCaml, Perl or Python). You can also use it from shell scripts or the command line.

LFS is a very expressive file system coded in OCaml.
LFS enables the user to access his files through an
additionnal mountpoint, /lfs, where powerful logic queries can be
issued and navigation can be done through different dimensions, like
date, size, or extension.

The LSD mount utilities allow to automate mounting of encrypted
filesystems in linux with cryptsetup and loopback devices and enable
users (not only root) to mount encrypted filesystems when appropriate
entries to /etc/fstab have been added by root.

The program namealign renames files in a way that they are equally formatted.
It follows the same idea of character-classification as the tool pftdbns, but does not sort files into directories. Instead it renames files of the same filename-macrostructure to be equally formatted (e.g. inserting a leading 0 in a numbered part of the name).

Gerd Stolpmann offers UMLMON, which is an add-on product to User Mode Linux (UML) that strongly simplifies its administration. Up to now a system operator needed several weeks to develop scripts in order to deploy User Mode Linux. UMLMON is a ready-to-use solution setting standards for UML operating, especially concerning the number of features and the operational safety.

Unison is a file-synchronization tool for Unix and Windows. (It also works on OSX to some extent, but it does not yet deal with 'resource forks' correctly; more information on OSX usage can be found on the unison-users mailing list archives.) It allows two replicas of a collection of files and directories to be stored on different hosts (or different disks on the same host), modified separately, and then brought up to date by propagating the changes in each replica to the other.

Whenjobs is a powerful but simple cron replacement.
Two key advantages over cron are a simpler syntax for writing rules and a powerful dependency system that lets one job depend on variables set when other jobs run (allowing, for example, one job to run only when another job has finished successfully).

Others

Bantam is a new lightweight file manager for POSIX systems ("Unix-like" systems, including Linux) with X11. It is not for everyone, but is intended to be highly productive for people who know their way around the file system and are comfortable with keyboard commands.

A copy-on-write NFS daemon for use with the XenoServers project. It's a general purpose userspace NFS daemon with the ability to dynamically stack file hierarchies over each other. Different layers can be configured as writable or as read-only, and in the latter case changes are made to a writable overlay in a copy-on-write fashion.

The program newfileaction (newfaction) invokes a program for each file that newly is created in a directory you want to visit.
It's similar like the "watch" program. When the watch-program is invoked, it starts a command on the shell every n seconds and shows you the results on the screen. This is good for watching the result of commands every n seconds.
newfaction is slightly different: it invokes the command for each new file in a directory. So for example, if you get all the time new files into your directory (e.g. by copying them from a remote-host to your locval host via ftp or scp) then you can invoke a program for each of these files.
For example you could start your vi-editor for each new file, if you know there are coming text-files, or you could invoke xv for each file, if you know there are coming pictures into the incoming-directory.

The name is a short hand for "put files to directories (sorted) by name structure".
It takes filenames, maps each char of the filename into a char, representing
the charclass of it (a..z and A..Z -> "l" (letter), 0...9 -> "d" (digit" and so on).
This yields to an easy way of sorting files by names, based upon file-naming
with certain filenaming-conventions.