5 Asteroid Facts Asteroids are rocky leftovers of planet formation. Rubble Piles loose collection of rocks; not one big one. The largest is Ceres, diameter ~1,000 km. There are 150,000 in catalogs, and probably over a million with diameter >1 km. Small asteroids are more common than large asteroids. All the asteroids in the solar system wouldn t add up to even a small terrestrial planet. Lots of small bodies, but not much mass Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

6 Asteroids are cratered and not round.

7 Asteroids are cratered and not round Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley NEAR movie

8 Asteroids with Moons Some large asteroids have their own moon. Asteroid Ida has a tiny moon named Dactyl Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley Sometimes asteroids are binary, with two roughly equal size partners.

17 Thought Question Which explanation for the belt seems the most plausible? A. The belt is where all the asteroids happened to form. B. The belt is the remnant of a large terrestrial planet that used to be between Mars and Jupiter. C. The belt is where all the asteroids happened to survive.

18 Thought Question Which explanation for the belt seems the most plausible? A. The belt is where all the asteroids happened to form. B. The belt is the remnant of a large terrestrial planet that used to be between Mars and Jupiter. C. The belt is where all the asteroids happened to survive. But WHY didn't they form a planet?

20 Origin of Asteroid Belt Rocky planetesimals between Mars and Jupiter did not accrete into a planet. Jupiter's gravity, through influence of orbital resonances, stirred up asteroid orbits and prevented their accretion into a planet.

21 How are meteorites related to asteroids?

22 Rocks that fall from the sky... Meteorite: A rock from space that falls through Earth s atmosphere. Meteor: The bright trail seen as a shooting star. Typically only a grain of sand. Meteoroid: A rock in space prone to become a meteor Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

23 Meteorite Impact Chicago, March 26, 2003

24 Meteorite Types 1) Primitive: unchanged in composition since they first formed 4.6 billion years ago 2) Processed: younger; have experienced processes like volcanism or differentiation

25 Primitive Meteorites Primitive: Unchanged in composition since they first formed 4.5 billion years ago - key to measuring the composition of the solar system 2007 Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Pearson Addison-Wesley

27 Meteorites from Moon and Mars A few meteorites arrive from the Moon and Mars. Composition differs from the asteroid fragments. A cheap (but slow) way to acquire Moon rocks and Mars rocks

28 What have we learned? What are asteroids like? They are rocky, small, potato-shaped leftovers from the era of planet formation. Why is there an asteroid belt? Orbital resonances with Jupiter prevented planetesimals between Jupiter and Mars from forming a planet.

29 What have we learned? How are meteorites related to asteroids? Primitive meteorites are remnants from solar nebula. Processed meteorites are fragments of larger bodies that underwent differentiation.

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Image taken by NASA Asteroids About 6,000 asteroids have been discovered; several hundred more are found each year. There are likely hundreds of thousands more that are too small to be seen from Earth.

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