The T-34 is a tracked fighting vehicle. The crew of tank consists of four men. The Tank is armed with a 76 mm. tank gun and two machine guns. The principle parts of the tank are: N#R8ez` 1. Hull and turret 2@HmZ!|Q 2. Armament zqI|VH 3. Engine aSHN*tP%y 4. Transmission ?A*<Z%}1? 5. Suspension .6bo 6. Equipment r]~]-VZ/ Lc-WfzT T-34 坦克是一个履带作战车辆，作战人员4人，武备76MM坦克炮，两个车载机枪，以下是坦克的主要部分 G1ruF8 1.装甲壳与炮塔 j[t2Bp 2武器 jrttWT 3.传动装置 Lo}/k}3Sx 4.悬挂装置 o{mVXidE 5.器材设备 i.-2
w6 v&f\ Jv7 The Hull @bnw$U`+ The hull is divided into four compartments, driving, fighting, engine and transmission. =i/r: The driving compartment is situated in the front part of the tank; it contains the seats of the mechanic-driver and gunner-wireless operator, the driving controls, instruments, engine controls and electrical equipment, machine gun, part of the fighting equipment. wireless set (not in all tanks) , three periscopes, control for rear louvres, two compressed air bottles, spare parts, tools and ancillaries. e?]HNy The driver's hatch is in the glacis plate. In the floor at the feet of the gunner-wireless operator, there is an auxiliary escape hatch which is closed by an armoured door from within. The driver's hatch is fixed with hinges and has two locks which can be opened from within by pulling a strap which connects both locks. To assist opening the hatch a balancing mechanism (Plate I) is provided together with a catch and handwheel for supporting it in the open position. ~1S,[5u|s L,,*8 装甲壳体划分成四个部分，驾驶部分，作战部分，引擎与传动部分 2Z`Jr/ 驾驶部分放置在坦克前部，有机械驾驶员座椅和无线电员兼炮手的操作位，驾驶控制装置，驾驶仪，引擎控制，电动装置，车前机枪，（部分战斗武器），无线电装备，（不是所有车都有）三个潜望镜和观察孔透镜，后部排烟装置（？）两个压缩空气瓶，备件箱，备用工具， )M7~RN 驾驶员的舱口是个有斜度的装甲板，在板一侧是无线电员兼炮手的操作位，这个也是一个辅助的逃逸出口，一般被里面的装甲门从内部关住，驾驶员舱是被铰链固定，两边各有两个扣子，这玩意儿可以用个皮带拉开，可以通过平衡机械装置拉开这个装置于驾驶盘上（见板图1）， Q,ZV C ;9Wimf]G,E W3R43>$ Plate 1 - Balancing mechanism of the driver's hatch ?]TtUoY=)F 1. Hand lever ZA'0q 2. Body :8?l=B9("g 3. Plate 9.6ni1a' 4. Spring @%^h|g8>Fu 5. Centralising bush 4:kDBV;v 6. Spring _+%p!! 7. Rear flange 0rAuK7 8. Rod 8N4E~*>C 9. Pivot 5mm&l+N) 10. Lock N#X*
0i" 11. Handwheel SJsbuLxR J d,9<m$ 例图1－驾驶员舱口盖的平衡机构 }CrWmJu0 1手柄 =n8M' 2主转钮 FbW$H]C$ 3.盖板 B}N1}i+ 4弹簧 LK>;\BRe? 5.中央衬套 :fnK`RnaQ 6.内弹簧 =pnQ?2Og 7.后轮缘 "@Qg]#]JH 8.按杆 IL"N_ux~w~ 9.轴枢纽 C8};, 10.固锁装置 #jPn7 11.驾驶盘 8K&=]:( X-psao0tI` The fighting compartment is situated in the middle part of the tank. It contains the seats of' the tank commander and the turret gunner. The turret which rests on a ball race on top of the fighting compartment contains the 76 mm. tank gun and the ATmachine gun co-axially mounted, part of the fighting compartment and observation instruments. D4~]:@v~n Behind the removable plate of the partition are four fuel tanks - two at each side. In the middle and at the sides, part ,of the fighting equipment is kept. In the right hand corner there is an electric fan. On the roof of the fighting Compartment there arc six openings -three at each side. The central openings are used for filling up the tanks with fuel; and the remainder are for inspection, maintenance and lubrication of the suspension. In the floor of the fighting compartment there are three openings under the fuel tanks for draining off fuel ( the openings are closed by threaded plugs). There are also four slits for the removal and inspection of the suspension units. These are closed by caps on the outside of the tank. Epm8S}6K The Engine compartment is situated behind the fighting compartment and is separated from it by a dividing bulkhead (Plate 2). The following are installed in the engine compartment: the engine, two water cooling radiators, two oil tank , radiators, four accumulators. The floor of the engine compartment is fitted with an access door for the oil pump and water pump ( this is closed by an armoured cover on the outside of the vehicle), an aperture for draining water and three slits for the removal and inspection of the suspension (these slits are closed by means of armoured covers on the exterior of the vehicle). 9xFI%UOb# The engine compartment roof has a large hatch for access to the engine (this is closed by a cover and secured by a lock), two air louvers over the radiators. There are four access plates at each side; the central ones provide access to the filler plugs and oil tank cocks and the ones at each side are for access to the adjustment of the suspension. p+b$jKWQ %pf9Yd0t Plate 2 - Engine Bulkhead !w;/ J^ 1. Hand lever for louvre control K@a#^lmd 2. Cover of the ventilating hatch x1Z*R+|>2 3. Upper central removeable plate n+ k,:O5 4. Threaded grease gun !t\sg 5. Access door for fuse box "akAGa!V+ 6. Access door for oil cock v 7%}ey[ 7. Fuel distributor cock =r3g:j/>q 8. Lower central removeable plate VCvf'$4(X 9. Nut of steem valve ]bYmM@ The transmission compartment is situated in the rear part of the tank; it contains the engine clutch with centrifugal ran, gearbox, steering clutches with brakes, electric starter, final drives with two fuel tanks. The floor of the transmission compartment is provided with two apertures at the side for draining fuel (these apertures are closed by threaded plugs on the outside) and one opening Jon thc middle under the gear box for draining off oil (this opening is closed by means of an armoured cover from the outside). xC}' "``s In the roof of the transmission compartment, over the fan there are air inlet louvres (Plate 3). These are provided with a metal netting for keeping out foreign bodies. These are two access plates in the roof for the fuel tanks and filler plugs. '%o^#gJ p r|i) Plate 3 - Air Louvre control linkage DfVJ~,x~ 1. Segment L!,@_ 2. Hand lever with lock Gl[1K/,* 3. Eye 9}Ge@a<j 4. Lost motion device ]q4(%Q 5. Tie-rod 1GB]Yi[> 6. Eye q?@* 7. Tie-rod ,+I]\ZeO 8. Lever 5)5yH bS 9. Louvres WNKg>$M The Turret (Plate 4) 5% }!z~8Y4 In the front of thc turret in a mantlet are installed: the 76 mm. gun and the co-axially mounted ATmachine gun and the telescopic sight TMOA-7. At the left of the gun on the turret neck the turret traversing gear is fitted. q8FpJ\ The rear plate of the turret is removable. Fixed to the sides of the turret are the observation instruments and underneath them a revolver port is provided which is closed by means of a conical plug. This plug is inserted from the outside and pushed open by a steel lever. The rear part of the turret roof is fitted with an access hatch on the top of which there is a signal port. Fitted on to the front part of the roof are the instruments NTK-5 and NT-7 and between them a hatch is provided for ventilation which is covered by an armoured cap. The turret is prevented from coming off by turret clips. In the rear clip is incorporated a travelling lock for the turret. R0LWuE%eD kGYsjhL\d Plate 4 - Turret (front) `AvK=] Door in the Access hatch of the Turret zmL
VFGnS In the closed position, the door (Plate 5) is secured by a lock (Plate 6) which is opened from the outside by a key. To open the lock from within it is necessary to press the catch (# 7), turn the lever (# 6) perpendicularly to the surface of the roof and pull the lever (# 4). In the open position, the roof is supported by a pawl (# 2). To close the roof it is necessary to press the knob (# 5) and remove the pawl. To facilitate the opening and shutting of the roof a balance spring (Plate 5) is provided. J9DI(`

@6DKw;Q Plate 8 - V-2 Engine UK^w;w2F 1. Water pump |j'@no_rv 2. Generator n)a/pO_ 3. Engine bearer /J-.K*xKt The V-2 engine (Plates 8 and 9) is a four stroke compression ignition engine, water cooled with twelve cylinders at an angle of 60 degrees in two banks. The maximum capacity of the engine is 500 H.P. at 1,800 rpm. M-Vz$D/aed The aluminium alloy crankcase consists of two parts joined together along the line of the crankshaft. On the crankcase top half are cast the cross webs which carry eight main bearings. The main bearings consist of steel shells lined with lead bronze. On the outside of the crankcase top half are fixed the cylinder blocks. Each bank consists of a block of six cylinders integrally cast and a detachable cylinder head. Wet liners are used. The joint between the cylinder head and liners is filled by an aluminium gasket. The lower joint between the jacket and liners is sealed with rubber jointing rings. {c?{M.R Four valves are used per cylinder, two are inlet and two are exhaust (Plate 9). The valves are controlled by the action of the camshaft (#61). Two overhead camshafts are used per blocks supported in seven bearings, and coupled by gears. One shaft is for the inlet valves and one for the exhaust valves. The cams operate directly on mushroom followers secured to the valve stems. At the end of the right hand valve covers (Plate 8) is fitted the tachometer drive which is taken of the inlet camshaft. %<Qv?`B M^l%*QF[,q Plate 9 - V-2 Engine K\ pZ 10. fuel injection pump .u7grC C 11. High pressure tube to injectors lv.h?"Ml 12. Injectors %ByqkY{5F 15. Oil pump P%[{ 'u 27. Central tube for inlet manifolds qa:muW 28 and 29. Inlet manifolds .gRb' 3O and 31. Exhaust manifolds c0jTQMe4yl 34. Starting valve i[33u p 58. Master rod W1M Bk[:Q 59. Articulated rod ~:C`e4 60. Big end securing pins 2I=4l 61. Wrist pin 54]UfmT%I 62. Piston j6*e^
B 63. Ball bearing of cam shaft #cJ1Jj $ 64. Cam shaft "[_gRe*2 65. Inlet valve ~WmA55 66. Exhaust valve (r.y
The air enters into the cylinders of the engine through the central tube (#27), (Plate 9) which is joined to the inlet manifolds (#28 and #29). The products of the combustion are discharged from the cylinders into the air through the exhaust manifolds (#30 and #31). ?|hYtV The crankshaft has six throws arranged on three planes at angles of 120 degrees. Each throw has two webs of curved shape. The crank pins and main bearings, with the exception of the first main bearing are lubricated by oil through the drilled crankshaft. The end of the crankshaft is splined and onto it is fitted the clutch and fan. 7;#o?6!7 The connecting rods of the V-2 engine, which are mounted on each crank pin are in pairs and consists of the master rod and the articulated rod. The articulated rods are fitted to pistons in the right bank. The master rods are secured to the crankshaft by means of lower detachable caps fixed by pins. The articulated rods are connected to the master rods by means of a wrist pin carried in lugs formed integrally with the back end of the master rod. The lower cap of the master rod is steel lined with lead bronze. In the little ends of both connecting rods bronze bushes arc used for the gudgeon pin bearings. The gudgeon pins are the floating type which are prevented from scoring the cylinder walls by two aluminium caps fixed at each end of the gudgeon pin. The pistons are of forged duraluminium and are provided with five piston rings. The upper four are gas sealing rings and the bottom one is an oil scraper. The piston crown has a special shape to suit the characteristics of the fuel injectors. 0o@eE3^ The fuel reaches the injector through a thick-walled steel tube (#11) (Plate 9) from the fuel injection pump (#10). In conformity with the load of the engine, the fuel injection pump measures out the correct quantity of fuel and forces it to the injectors under high pressure. The fuel injection pump is situated on the engine between the two banks. The fuel is forced to the fuel injection pump from the tanks by means of a fuel feed pump of the rotary type. Between the fuel feed pump and the fuel injection pump there is a filter, which is situated in the front of the engine between the two banks. This filter cleans the fuel before it enters the fuel injection pump. +=kz".$ The lubrication of the engine is by pressure pump and a dry sump is used. The oil pump (#15) (Plate 9) is attached to the crank case lower half and has three pairs of gears of which one pair functions as a pressure pump, and the other two pairs as scavenge pumps. The oil from the pump reaches the engine through a filter attached to the crankcase lower half. ;jJ%< Cooling water circulates in the jacket of the cylinder blocks under pressure of a centrifugal pump. This water pump 1 (Plate 8) is fastened to the crank-case lower half. PC?XE8o The engine can be started by an electric starter or by compressed air. The electric starter is fitted to the gearbox. An air distributor is attached to the front part of the engine for compressed air starting. From the air distributor compressed air is conveyed trough a steel tube to the starting valves fit too. inside the cylinder head. YO.+06X The electric generator is carried on a cradle cast into the side of the crankcase top half and is driven by a slipping clutch. E@@XWU21;N Transmission of the drive to the camshafts and the subsidiary engine assemblies is carried out by means of a bevel positioned on splines at the tail and of the crankshaft. This bevel is in mesh with bevels on the upper and lower vertical shafts. The lower vertical shaft transmits the drive to the shaft of the water and oil pumps and the fuel feed pump. The upper vertical shaft transmits the drive to the air distributor cam, camshaft of the fuel injection pump and at the same time transmits the drive to the inclined shafts which actuate the cam shafts. The electric generator is also driven off the camshaft timing bevel. EBUCG"e The engine rests on a chassis in the tank on four bearers 3, (Plate 8) cast in one piece with the crankcase top half.

The Fuel System kt7x}F(?< The engine fuels are "Gas Oil" Mark E or diesel fuel "DT". Plate 10 shows the main fuel feed layout. {_~vf arN=OB Plate 10 - Fuel System O9_SVXWVw 1. Fuel feed pump -.l.@ 2. Fuel filter 1C(sBU" 3. Fuel injection pump }mpFo2 4. High pressure fuel pipe ew<_2Xy"< 5. Feed tanks >35W{d 6. Front left tank _RE;}1rb, 7. Front right tank -quJX;~ 8. Filter caps 7QRkXs 9. Drain plugs KkCsQ~po 10. Fuel distributor cocks UjS+Ddp 11. Auxiliary cock oSIP{lfp2Q 12. Air pump `R!Q(rePx 13. Air distributor valve hDXaCift 14. Bleeder cock %<fs \J^k 15. Bleeder tank 3n~O&{ 16. Pressure gauge pog 17. Compensation tank X8):R- J The system consists of fuel tanks (#5 and #6), fuel feed pump (#1), fuel filter (#2), fuel injection pump (#3), injectors, pipe to fuel injection pump and air cleaner; and besides this the system also consists of cocks, fuel pipes, pressure gauge, compensation tank, small bleeder tank, and an air pressure pump. 3)I]bui Construction of Engine Fuel Feed System L7R!, Fuel tanks =J|jCK[r In the early models six fuel tanks arc installed at the sides, of those the four front tanks are arranged in pairs in the fighting compartment and two are placed in the rear of the vehicle. In later models there are two more tanks of 75 litres each at the side of the engine compartment. The complete capacity of the fuel tanks is 460 litres. This capacity is divided up thus: front right and left tanks - 150 litres each and the rear tanks - 80 litres each. Besides this there are four spare tanks with 33.5 litres each attached on the outside of the inclined plates of the side hull. ~'F.tB Fuel from the front small feed tanks reach the distributor cock (#10) (Plate 10) through a flange welded to the back of the holder of the lower tank. IwRP,MQ~ The fuel fillers of the front tanks are provided with mesh filters and are closed by plugs. On the top of each upper tank a pipe is introduced which passes through the air distributor cock (#13) to the air pressure pump (#12). e4|a^lS; To measure the quantity of fuel in the front tanks there is a , dipstick which is pushed through the filler of the upper tank, to do this the mesh filter has to be removed. The dipstick indicates the approximate quantity of fuel in the upper and lower tanks. Kj)sL0 The feed tanks are likewise provided with aperture for filling and draining. These apertures are closed by plugs. The feed tanks are connected by a cross pipe in which is fitted an auxiliary cock (#11) (Plate 10). From the back of the right feed tank there is a pipe which leads off horizontally along the right side of thc hull to the fuel cock. <@[;IX`YN From the top of the right and left feed tanks a pipe leads to the air pressure pump. :{4C2qK> When the engine is running, the fuel is taken only from the right feed tank. The fuel flows simultaneously from both feed tanks if the auxiliary cook (#11) is opened. In the event of a defect in the right feed tank it becomes necessary to operate this cock. In this case it is necessary to turn the cock on the union pipe in order to conserve the fuel in the left tank. The full capacity of each feed is 86 litres. The level of the feed tanks can be tested with the same dipstick as for the other tanks using the other side of it. }Xfg~%6 L9XfR$7,z Plate 11 - Fuel distribution cock -<9Qez)y 1. Body qM+Ai*q 2. Plug dm]g:KWg 5. Nut ycSGv4
) 6. Hand lever -2!S>P Zs 7. Mesh filter ` &bF@$(( 8. Spring egBk7@Ko 9. Nut <T;V9(66 The fuel distributor cock (Plate 11). 'wtb"0 } The cock serves the purpose of turning on or off the flow of fuel from the tanks to the engine. It is situated on the engine bulkhead at the right. Inside the body of the distributor cock there is a filter (#7) by means of which the fuel is cleaned before reaching the fuel feed pump. The body of the cock has four unions, of these three carry pipes from the fuel tanks and to the fourth is attached the pipe leading to the fuel feed pump. The handle of the tap has four positions (Plate 10): Z,/^lg c, 1. Handle pointing down - tanks shut off po\jhfn 2. Handle to the left - petrol flows from front left tank. bq)1'beW 3. Handle to the right - petrol flows from front right tank. ]n>9(Mp!M 4. Handle pointing upwards - petrol flows from feed tanks. "U"fsAc# The positions right and left are taken facing the front of the vehicle. D\+x/r?-I From the cock 10 (Plate 10) the fuel flows to the fuel feed pump 1. The fuel feed pump ensures the transmission of fuel under pressure from the tanks through the filter to the fuel injection pump. It is mounted in the crank-case on the fighting compartment side. For lubricating the gland of the fuel feed pump there is a nipple. Z.!<YfA) The filter 2 (Plate 10) is attached to the front of the engine between the two banks. From the filter a pipe leads off to the pressure gauge. The pressure gauge which measures the pressure of the fuel at the filter is mounted in the instrument panel in the driving compartment. Mpyza%zj (This plate is currently unavailable) R.2i%cU Plate 12 - Fuel injection pump GM9[ 0+u; 1. Fuel priming lever |f$ws R`& 2. Support of fuel priming lever p7Zeudmj 3. Rack bar limiter #<B?+gzFM{ 4. Rack bar Og1\6Q 5. Nut of rack bar limiter 4[gbRn' 6. Split pin securing nut .sQV0jF { 7. Control plug of governor casing 7VZ ^J`3 8. Union for filler pipe :|S[i(' 9. Lubricator for governor ujE~#b}X 10. Air bleeder plug *oIIcE4g7 11. oil measurer c)N_"#& 12. Drilling 0Bp0ScE|FA Fuel injection 5xnEkg4q4 (Plate 12) 9;vES^ The pump is designed to measure out a fixed proportion of fuel corresponding to the load of the engine and to transmit it under high pressure through the injectors into the cylinders. The fuel injection pump is situated on the engine between the two banks. >k@{NP2b Beginning at 1800-1850 rpm the governor controlling the action of the rack bar 4 of the pump limits the maximum engine revolutions. The maximum number of revs that the governor allows in the advent of a sudden falling off of load does not exceed 2050 per minute. The governor is adjusted so that the engine speed reaches 1800 rpm when working at its maximum capacity. The limiting stop of the stroke of the rack bar and the limiter of the fuel priming lever are sealed. It is categorically forbidden to remove the lead seals and change the setting of the limiters. s"nntC Lubrication of the components of the fuel injection pump is carried out by means or an oil filler hole in the top of the body of the pump. The oil level in the body of the pump is measured by a dipstick fitted to the filler hole. The normal oil level is between the upper and lower graduations. The pistons and cylinders of the fuel injection pump are lubricated directly from the fuel itself. The governor is lubricated by oil, filled into a casing through the lubricator (#9) {Plate 12) which is fitted to the upper casing of the governor. Oil should be filled into thc casing of the governor up to the level of the control plug (#7). K*'AjT9wX+ The fuel reaches the injectors (#8) (Plate 13) from thc fuel injection pump through a thick-walled steel tube. pX>wMc+

Air Pressure Pump D,-L!P Before starting the engine it is necessary to have the filter and all pipes leading from the tanks to the fuel injection pump primed with fuel. This entails the transmission of fuel from the tanks to the fuel feed pump. The pressure necessary to do this is 0.2-0.3 atmospheres. The hand operated air pressure pump (Plate 14) which is fitted in the front or the vehicle is used to supply this necessary pressure in the tanks. From this pump (#12) (Plate 10) a pipe leads to thc air cock (#13). !
c~3 `7v Air distributor cock The cock is fitted on the left of the driver. Its purpose is to link the appropriate fuel tank to the air pressure pump in order to put it under pressure for starting purposes and also to connect the tanks to the atmosphere during the time the engine is running. !g>mjD The cock has five unions. To one union, the lower one, is connected the pipe from the air pressure pump, to three unions are connected pipes from the fuel tanks and one is connected to the bleeder tap u6\W"LW By turning the handle of the cock, one or the other of the fuel tanks can be connected to the air pressure pump, the remaining tanks are joined to the atmosphere through the opening in the body of the cock. When the position of the handle is against "MA" all the tanks are connected to the atmosphere and the air pressure pump to the air outlet cock. The other positions of the handle are marked thus: MD> E0p) # "J" - Left tank. G
jrN1+9= # "N" - Right tank. )s 1
Ei9J # "3" - Feed tanks. CFY4PuI"! For bleeding the air from the fuel filter and the fuel injection pump there is a small tap on the instrument panel (#14) (Plate 10). Air can reach the fuel filter and fuel pump either when stationary owing to there being no fuel in the pipes or when moving through the pipes being air locked when the tanks are low. AucX4J< The bleeder tap consistes of a three-way cock with three unions. The unions connect pipes leading from the fuel filter, air pressure pump and the small bleeder tank.
DshRH>7s8 zfml^N Plate 14 - Air pressure pump ,}Ic($To 1. Hand lever rIH+X2x 2. Rod qRZLv7X*j 3. Upper cap
@|~D?&<\ 4. Body U3c !*i 5. Spring ><;.vP 6. Piston qSL~A- 7. Lower body jZ69sDhE 8. Ball ;\+A6(GX{ 9. Valve spring RK=YFE 0 10. Adaptor \RTX fe-` 11. Pipe 7Rom#Kl: To expel air from the fuel filter before starting it is necessary to build up a pressure of 0.2- 0.3 Kg/cm2 in the tank which is switched on by the distributor cook and to turn the bleeder tap to the position marked "CIIYCK BO3AYXA"(Air out). (See plate 10 and the plate on the instrument panel). Under force of the pressure created in the tank, air, and afterwards fuel, goes from the fuel filter through a small tube, passing the pressure gauge, to the bleeder cock and through this to the bleeder tank. Air first goes through into the bleeder tank, then fuel and air and finally, only pure fuel. In order to eliminate air bubbles it is necessary for the handle of the tap to be in the working position (pointing downwards). If all the air has not been successfully removed from the fuel injection pump by means of the bleeder tap then it is necessary to open the engine hatch and withdraw the plug 10 (Plate 12). After releasing the air from the pump the plug should be replaced. *W<g%j-a The position !IIPOAYBKA' (inflate) of the bleeder tap should only be used if the fuel oil congeals in the pipe leading to the pressure gauge. To blow out this pipe it is necessary to disconnect it from the fuel filter, set the handle of the bleeder tap to "IIPOAYBKA" and the air cock to "MA" and blow the pipe out by means of the air pump. The small bleeder tank is painted yellow and is positioned in the nose of the hull behind the instrument panel. o"A%dC_ Fuel injection pump controls The fuel injection pump controls regulate the quantity of fuel entering the cylinders. The lay-out of the control system is seen in (Plate 15) `L}Irt}