1 Examples: (time)The meeting will be held in a few days. (= in a few days' time)The meeting will be held in May. (in + a month)The meeting will be held on 15th May. (on + a day + a month)The meeting will be held on Tuesday. (on + a day of the week)The meeting will be held at the weekend1.
I came to live here in 1981. (in + a year)I'm sorry, but I can't come at2 Christmas. (at + a public holiday)
I'm sorry, but I can't come on Christmas Eve. (a specific day)What are you doing at the moment/at present. (set phrases)

a Do you think she will come __________ Easter?b My late wife died __________ 1996.c He's having a urine test __________ Thursday.d He suffered a nervous breakdown __________ November.e We are having a party __________ two weeks. Would you like to come?

2 Examples:We always go to the same holiday resort in (the) summer. (in + a season)She met him on a summer's3 night. (more specific than in the summer)
They saw the patrol car at half past ten. (at + the time)I'll have finished at the end of the month. (at the beginning or end of a period of time)We don't like going out at night4. (at + night, midday, etc.)
I get up early in the morning. (in the morning, afternoon, evening)I'm going to the concert on Friday evening. (a particular evening)Mark Twain (pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens) was born in the nineteenth century. (in + a century)She learnt to swim at (the age of) six.

a We left home __________ sunset.b I've invited some friends to dinner __________ Christmas Day.c Everything happened __________ a winter's morning.d Will you be ready __________ dinner time?e She went to university __________ 25.

3 Examples:I haven't seen a koala bear for5 years (and years)/three months/a week/ages/a long time.
It has rained a lot for the last week/hour.I haven't seen a koala bear since (conjunction) I last went to Australia/I was a child/we arrived.It has been pouring down with rain since (preposition) two o'clock.I haven't seen her since Monday/last week/1980/October.
A large number of people lost their lives during/in the Second World War.
We didn't meet each other during/at the concert.
I felt sick during6 the meal.

For expresses how long something last. Therefore, it is followed by plural nouns or expressions containing a(n). Since indicates that something started in the past and has just stopped or is still going on. During tells us when something occurs. At times, other prepositions are possible in place of during, as in the sixth and seven instances above. However, the meaning may change. At the concert means "in that place"; but during the concert, "in that period of time". There is not much difference between "during the Second War World" and "in the Second War World".

a She didn't get nervous __________ the interview.b It had been sleeting __________ over two hours.c Those hills have been veiled in mist __________ early this morning.d He worked as a sales manager representative __________ three years before he retired.e She didn't say anything __________ the meeting.

4 Examples:The goods that you requested from us will be delivered within7 a week. (in the period of a week, but not later, ie before a week)The school will be inaugurated towards8 the end of this month. (a little bit ealier than the end of the month)They will be delivered by Friday. (on Friday at the latest)By the time (that) you've finished your breakfast, they will have left. (= When you have finished your breakfast, they will have left.)Make sure you arrive on time9. (= Make sure that you arrive punctual.)You should arrive in (good) time to take your plane. (= You should arrive early enough to take your plane.)We arrived just in time to catch the plane. (If we had arrived a couple of minutes later, we would have missed it.)

a "Don't be late, please."
"Don't worry! I'll be right __________ time."b You'll have to leave now if you want to arrive __________ time for school.c Her novel will come out __________ the end of the year. (ie, before the end of the year.)d These documents should be signed __________ Tuesday. (But not later than Tuesday.e If we haven't come back __________ two days, continue the journey.

5 Examples:It's twenty past10 ten. (ie, 10.20)
It's twenty to ten. (ie, 9.40)I'll be there around11/round/(at) about nine o'clock. (at approximately nine o'clock)I'll be very sad after your departure for the States. (= Once you have left.)He gave her a kiss before her departure for the States. (The opposite of after, ie He gave her a kiss, and later she departed for the States.)They stayed at Peter's home past12/beyond midnight. (ie, after midnight)They waited for her from six until/till (informal)/up to13 (less usual) eight. (That is, they waited for two hours.)We'll wait for you until/till/up to14 eleven o'clock. (That is to say, we will leave at eleven o'clock.)As from/of15 next week, plane fares will be more expensive. (= From next week onwards, plane fares will be more expensive.)What did you do between last Monday and last Friday? (ie, from last Monday to last Friday)What did you do throughout/all through your summer holiday(s)? (= during your summer holiday/holidays)

a "Night is falling. Don't be late!"
"Don't worry. It'll be here __________ dark. It'll only take me about twenty minutes."b Unfortunately, his bike had a puncture and got home __________ dark. This made his parents angry.c She's got to be home at ten o'clock sharp, and it's already __________ ten, so her parents will get angry by the time she gets home.d We'll be here __________ eleven __________ twelve.e He stayed there __________ midday. Then, he went to have a walk in the country.

6 Revision exercise.a He left home __________ the morning of the thirteenth of December, and hasn't come back yet.b "What do you do __________ the evenings?"
"I read or watch TV."c "Where's the baby's bottle?"
"I don't know. I haven't seen it __________ you last fed her."d You have a bus to catch, so hurry up if you want to be __________ good time.e They have been complaining __________ the beginning of the week.
I wish they would stop complaining.f I sent them a letter __________ the beginning of the week. I think they will have got it __________ now.g He's been out of a job __________ a long time.h You've been nosing about in my bedroom __________ half an hour!i __________ my last visit to Singapore, I had a great time.j "I need this report __________ Wednesday evening."
"Don't worry. You'll have it __________ Wednesday." (Maybe a bit earlier.)k They're very keen on punctuality, so be there __________ time.l It's half __________ twelve. (ie, 12.30)m It's twenty __________ five. (ie, 4.40)n I want you there __________ eight. Please don't be late, or you'll regret it.o I studied hard __________ the winter, and now I wish to have
some piece and quiet.p What do you like doing __________ weekends?q __________ going to Canada, he was in France __________ nine weeks. (First, he spent nine weeks in France. Then, he went to Canada.)r I'd like to have been born __________ the 1960s.s Everything happened __________ a wintry morning __________ May.t I rarely have a shower __________ night. I usually have it __________ the morning.u Please pick me up __________ seven o'clock __________ the evening.v The baby cried several times __________ the night, which is why
I couldn't get a wink of sleep.w Could you collect a pair of shoes from the shoemaker __________ noon?x School ends __________ 20th June.y Don't call me __________ eight __________ the morning __________ two __________ the afternoon, as I'll be at the office.z She got pregnant __________ 24.

7 Examples16:There are no cigarettes in the packet. (in = inside)There is a spider on the table. (surface)There is a young man at the door. (It does not indicate "inside" or "surface", but an exact position in space; that is, he is next to the door, at that point.)

a They are sitting __________ the table, since they are going to have lunch.b There's somebody __________ the house. The lights are on.c He saw her crying __________ the window as he went away.d There's a notice __________ the front door.e There was a man running __________ the field.

8 Examples:He is sitting on a chair. (surface)He is sitting in an armchair. (In here has the idea of "inside", as it is a chair with arms.)They are at/on17 the corner. (of a street, ie in the outside part where two walls meet.)They are in18 the corner. (of a room, ie in the inside part where two walls meet.)I think she's the most intelligent person in the world. (It carries the idea of "inside".)I think she's the most intelligent person on earth. (It conveys the idea of "surface".)They are in the river. (inside, ie swimming)She saw a small boat on the river. (surface, since the boat floated on it.)

a They're __________ the corner of Cromwell Road and Earl Court Road.b They were __________ a corner of the room playing cards.c He was sitting ___________ his favourite rocking chair.d Nobody __________ the world knows as much about computers as he does.e When he entered the room, she was curled up __________ the corner with a novel.

9 Examples:Eivissa is an island on19 the Mediterranean Sea. (on + a line)This village is not on the map. (on + a line)The Pyrenees are on the border between the Iberian peninsula and France. (on + a line)They are on a desert island/in Great Britain. (Great Britain is a very large island.)I own a shop on the ground floor. (on + a vertical line)There was something written on20 the front/back of the sheet of newspaper. (surface)He saw them at the front/back of the church. (a point in space)Put the goods in21 the front/back of the lorry. (inside)We live in22 Oxford Street. (in + a name of a street)We live at 20 Oxford Street. (at + the number of the house + the name of the street)We live at number twenty. (at + the number of the house)We live in France/Paris. (in + the name of a country, city, etc.)Have you ever been to London? (= Have you ever visited London→have been to + a place)He has been in London for a year now. (= He has been living in London for a year now.)

a She lives __________ the second floor.b Don't forget to put your name and address __________ the envelope.c We were fishing __________ the river when two men with machine guns appeared. We tried to run out of the water and reach the other bank of the river, but it was useless, since they caught us immediately.d It's __________ Regent Street.e It's __________ 15 Regent Street.

10 Examples:There's a good film on (the) television (set phrase)/at the
Odeon (ie, a cinema, public perfomance) tonight.They saw him at the concert. (public perfomance)She met him for the first time at Heathrow (Airport). (The three dimensions of the place does not interest us at all.
"At Heathrow" simply means "at that point".)Let's have a drink at the pub round the corner. (The dimensions of the pub are not important: Let's have a drink at that point.)There was a lot of smoke in the pub yesterday, which made my eyes sting. (inside the pub; the dimensions of the pub are being considered: perhaps the pub was too small for so many people smoking at the same time.)The train stops at every town. (The dimensions of the place are unimportant. We take the place as a point on a journey23.)

a I saw them __________ the theatre last night.b He talked to us __________ the party.c We'll be waiting for you __________ Gatwick Airport.d He felt uncomfortable __________ the snack bar, as the atmosphere was suffocating.e What's __________ (the) telly this evening?

11 Examples:She works in a bank. (We do not know what bank she works for.)She works at the bank around the corner. (a specific bank; the dimensions of the bank are not being regarded.)He's working on/at/upon a novel, project, a cure for this disease, etc.He works and lives on a farm.She's at work/school/university/college24. (set phrases)She was/stayed at home. (The noun "home" takes the preposition "at" with static verbs.)She arrived/got/reached/went25 home. (The word "home" does not take the preposition "at" with verbs of motion.)He is in bed26. (sleeping)He is on the bed. (sitting)He is in hospital. (as a patient)He is at (= at that point)/in (inside the building) the hospital.He is in prison/gaol/jail. (behind bars)He is at (at that point)/in (inside the building) the prison/gaol/jail. (as a visitor)He is in/at church. (praying)He is in (inside)/at (at that point) the church.

a My sister is working __________ a book for children.b My sister works __________ MacDonald's.c My sister works __________ a restaurant.d My sister works __________ home.e My sister is going __________ home.

12 Examples:Open your books on page 125.
You're not in the photo.
The bank is on the left/right. (= on the left/right-hand side: position)
(In a car) To the left/right. (direction)You turned (to the) left/right. (direction)Take the second turning to (direction)/on (the one which is situated on the left/right-hand side: position) the left/right.She's in the sea27. (swimming)They're at sea. (travelling by sea)She's at the sea. (next to the sea)The castle is on top of the hill. (= on the hill, up on the hill)The castle is at the top of the hill.

a The typewriter is __________ top of the wardrobe.b My father is a fisherman and is now __________ sea.c Let's go for a swim __________ the sea.d You must read the passage __________ page 49 for tomorrow.e The language school is left __________ that.

____________________1 In American English on is used: on the weekend.2 Notice the following:We are now on holiday.
Where are you going for your Christmas holiday(s)?3 Note the following:He met her on a summer's/summer night.
He met her on a winter's/winter night.
He met her on a spring night.
He met her on a autumn night.4 Other prepositions are also possible, but with a change of meaning:I never watch television at night. (We are speaking in a general sense.)I had to get up twice in/during the night. (ie, last night)We'll go by night. (ie, so as not to be seen)In order to avoid being caught, we'll have to travel by night and sleep by day.
We had better travel during the night and sleep during the day, as there is less traffic at night.
What did you do on the night of the accident? (We are referring to a concrete night.)5 Observe the following:She bought her a sweater for her birthday. (She bought her a sweater because it was her birthday.)She bought her a sweater on her birthday. (She bought her a sweater on that special day.)I want it for tomorrow.6Over is sometimes used to mean "during" or "while":I felt sick over the meal. (ie, during the meal.)Let's speak about it over breakfast. (ie, while we are having breakfast.)She stayed here over the weekend. (ie, during the weekend.)We had a cosy chat over a snack. (ie, while we were having a snack.)I got to know them over the years. (ie, thoughout/during the years.)She didn't say anything over/throughout/all through dinner. (ie, while we were having dinner.)7Inside is an informal alternative to within: The goods that you requested from us will be delivered inside a week. Inside of is also possible, especially in American English: The goods that you requested from us will be delivered inside of a week.8Toward is also possible, chiefly in American English.9 Note the following: Our train arrived bang/dead/exactly/righton time.10 The word "minutes" is necessary when the minutes are not multiple of five: It's thirteenminutes to ten. The British and American usage sometimes differ:

British English

American English

It's a quarter past two.

It's a quarter after two.

It's ten to seven. (6.50)

It's ten of/to seven.

11 Note the following:There were (a)round/about 10,000 thousand people at the demostration.
The accident happen (a)round about midnight.
There were (a)round about nine hundred people at the funeral.12Past is colloquial.13 It is also possible to say up until or up till.14 See the previous footnote.15As of is used mainly in American English.16 In the next sections, we are going to deal with prepositions of place, position, movement, means, and so forth.17 Notice the following: She hit her thigh on/against the corner of the dining table and got a bruise on it.18 Note that we say in the top/bottom right/left-hand corner of a page: Put your name and personal code in the top left-hand corner of the exam paper. If we say that we are in a (tight) corner, we are in a difficult situation that we find it hard to avoid: I was in a tight corner when someone stole my luggage and money in a far-off country.19 In some cases, upon is a formal alternative to on (position, place and time):Eivissa is an island on/upon the Mediterranean Sea.
Put it on/upon the table.On/Upon reaching our destination, we realised that everyone had left. (= As soon as reached our destination,...)

Do not confuse on/upon (= as soon as) with in (= while):In reaching our destination, we met several interesting people. (= On our way to our destination or while/when we were reaching our destination.)

Upon cannot be replaced with on in the following instances:Once upon a time, there were two princesses who wanted to marry the same prince. (set phrase)They were very happy as their summer holidays were upon them. (= very near)There is news upon the hour. (= every hour)She awaited his arrival day upon day. (= day after day)20 Notice that we say at (last pages)/on (cover) the back of a book, but in (first pages)/on (cover) the front of a book.21 Observe the following:I sat in the back/front of the car.
I sat in/at the back/front of the bus.
She sat in the middle.
I woke up in the middle of the night.22On is used in American English: We live on Madison Avenue.23 We say This flight makes a stopover in London rather than at London. This may be due to the fact that we usually
spend a night or two there.24See unit 14, section 38.25 Observe the following:They got to France, the concert, etc., an hour ago.
They reached France, the concert, etc., an hour ago.
They went to France, the concert, etc., an hour ago.
They arrived in France, Paris, etc., last week.
They arrived at the airport, restaurant, etc., on time.
They arrived at an agreement, conclusion, etc., last week.26See unit 14, section 38.27See section 8 in this unit.