CHAPTER V

Early on Monday morning, three days later, Saxon and Billy took
an electric car to the end of the line, and started a second time
for San Juan. Puddles were standing in the road, but the sun
shone from a blue sky, and everywhere, on the ground, was a faint
hint of budding green. At Benson's Saxon waited while Billy went
in to get his six dollars for the three days' plowing.

"Kicked like a steer because I was quittin'," he told her when he
came back. "He wouldn't listen at first. Said he'd put me to
drivin' in a few days, an' that there wasn't enough good
four-horse men to let one go easily."

"And what did you say?"

"Oh, I just told 'm I had to be movin' along. An' when he tried
to argue I told 'm my wife was with me, an' she was blamed
anxious to get along."

"But so are you, Billy."

"Sure, Pete; but just the same I wasn't as keen as you. Doggone
it, I was gettin' to like that plowin'. I'll never be scairt to
ask for a job at it again. I've got to where I savvy the burro,
an' you bet I can plow against most of 'm right now."

An hour afterward, with a good three miles to their credit, they
edged to the side of the road at the sound of an automobile
behind them. But the machine did not pass. Benson was alone in
it, and he came to a stop alongside.

"Where are you bound?" he inquired of Billy, with a quick,
measuring glance at Saxon.

"Monterey--if you're goin' that far," Billy answered with a
chuckle.

"I can give you a lift as far as Watsonville. It would take you
several days on shank's mare with those loads. Climb in." He
addressed Saxon directly. "Do you want to ride in front?"

"Oh, ho, so you're the one that took your husband away from me,"
Benson accused good humoredly, as he tucked the robe around her.

Saxon shouldered the responsibility and became absorbed in
watching him start the car.

"I'd be a mighty poor farmer if I owned no more land than you'd
plowed before you came to me," Benson, with a twinkling eye,
jerked over his shoulder to Billy.

"I'd never had my hands on a plow but once before," Billy
confessed. "But a fellow has to learn some time."

"At two dollars a day?"

"If he can get some alfalfa artist to put up for it," Billy met
him complacently.

Benson laughed heartily.

"You're a quick learner," he complimented. "I could see that you
and plows weren't on speaking acquaintance. But you took hold
right. There isn't one man in ten I could hire off the county
road that could do as well as you were doing on the third day.
But your big asset is that you know horses. It was half a joke
when I told you to take the lines that morning. You're a trained
horseman and a born horseman as well."

"He's very gentle with horses," Saxon said.

"But there's more than that to it," Benson took her up. "Your
husband's got the WAY with him. It's hard to explain. But that's
what it is--the WAY. It's an instinct almost. Kindness is
necessary. But GRIP is more so. Your husband grips his horses.
Take the test I gave him with the four-horse load. It was too
complicated and severe. Kindness couldn't have done it. It took
grip. I could see it the moment he started. There wasn't any
doubt in his mind. There wasn't any doubt in the horses. They got
the feel of him. They just knew the thing was going to be done
and that it was up to them to do it. They didn't have any fear,
but just the same they knew the boss was in the seat. When he
took hold of those lines, he took hold of the horses. He gripped
them, don't you see. He picked them up and put them where he
wanted them, swung them up and down and right and left, made
them pull, and slack, and back--and they knew everything was
going to come out right. Oh, horses may be stupid, but they're
not altogether fools. They know when the proper horseman has hold
of them, though how they know it so quickly is beyond me."

Benson paused, half vexed at his volubility, and gazed keenly at
Saxon to see if she had followed him. What he saw in her face
and eyes satisfied him, and he added, with a short laugh:

"Horseflesh is a hobby of mine. Don't think otherwise because I
am running a stink engine. I'd rather be streaking along here
behind a pair of fast-steppers. But I'd lose time on them, and,
worse than that, I'd be too anxious about them all the time. As
for this thing, why, it has no nerves, no delicate joints nor
tendons; it's a case of let her rip."

The miles flew past and Saxon was soon deep in talk with her
host. Here again, she discerned immediately, was a type of the
new farmer. The knowledge she had picked up enabled her to talk
to advantage, and when Benson talked she was amazed that she
could understand so much. In response to his direct querying, she
told him her and Billy's plans, sketching the Oakland life
vaguely, and dwelling on their future intentions.

Almost as in a dream, when they passed the nurseries at Morgan
Hill, she learned they had come twenty miles, and realized that
it was a longer stretch than they had planned to walk that day.
And still the machine hummed on, eating up the distance as ever
it flashed into view.

"I wondered what so good a man as your husband was doing on the
road," Benson told her.

"Yes," she smiled. "He said you said he must be a good man gone
wrong."

"But you see, I didn't know about YOU. Now I understand. Though I
must say it's extraordinary in these days for a young couple like
you to pack your blankets in search of land. And, before I forget
it, I want to tell you one thing." He turned to Billy. "I am just
telling your wife that there's an all-the-year job waiting for
you on my ranch. And there's a tight little cottage of three
rooms the two of you can housekeep in. Don't forget."

Among other things Saxon discovered that Benson had gone through
the College of Agriculture at the University of California--a
branch of learning she had not known existed. He gave her small
hope in her search for government land.

"The only government land left," he informed her, "is what is not
good enough to take up for one reason or another. If it's good
land down there where you're going, then the market is
inaccessible. I know no railroads tap in there."

"Wait till we strike Pajaro Valley," he said, when they had
passed Gilroy and were booming on toward Sargent's. "I'll show
you what can be done with the soil--and not by cow-college
graduates but by uneducated foreigners that the high and mighty
American has always sneered at. I'll show you. It's one of the
most wonderful demonstrations in the state."

At Sargent's he left them in the machine a few minutes while he
transacted business.

"Whew! It beats hikin'," Billy said. "The day's young yet and
when he drops us we'll be fresh for a few miles on our own. Just
the same, when we get settled an' well off, I guess I'll stick by
horses. They'll always be good enough for me."

"A machine's only good to get somewhere in a hurry," Saxon
agreed. "Of course, if we got very, very rich--"

"Say, Saxon," Billy broke in, suddenly struck with an idea. "I've
learned one thing. I ain't afraid any more of not gettin' work in
the country. I was at first, but I didn't tell you. Just the same
I was dead leery when we pulled out on the San Leandro pike. An'
here, already, is two places open--Mrs. Mortimer's an' Benson's;
an' steady jobs, too. Yep, a man can get work in the country."

"Ah," Saxon amended, with a proud little smile, "you haven't said
it right. Any GOOD man can get work in the country. The big
farmers don't hire men out of charity."

"Sure; they ain't in it for their health," he grinned.

"And they jump at you. That's because you are a good man. They
can see it with half an eye. Why, Billy, take all the working
tramps we've met on the road already. There wasn't one to compare
with you. I looked them over. They're all weak--weak in their
bodies, weak in their heads, weak both ways."

"Yep, they are a pretty measly bunch," Billy admitted modestly.

"It's the wrong time of the year to see Pajaro Valley," Benson
said, when he again sat beside Saxon and Sargent's was a thing of
the past. "Just the same, it's worth seeing any time. Think of
it--twelve thousand acres of apples! Do you know what they call
Pajaro Valley now? New Dalmatia. We're being squeezed out. We
Yankees thought we were smart. Well, the Dalmatians came along
and showed they were smarter. They were miserable
immigrants--poorer than Job's turkey. First, they worked at day's
labor in the fruit harvest. Next they began, in a small way,
buying the apples on the trees. The more money they made the
bigger became their deals. Pretty soon they were renting the
orchards on long leases. And now, they are beginning to buy the
land. It won't be long before they own the whole valley, and the
last American will be gone.

"Oh, our smart Yankees! Why, those first ragged Slavs in their
first little deals with us only made something like two and three
thousand per cent. profits. And now they're satisfied to make a
hundred per cent. It's a calamity if their profits sink to
twenty-five or fifty per cent."

"It's like San Leandro," Saxon said. "The original owners of the
land are about all gone already. It's intensive cultivation." She
liked that phrase. "It isn't a ease of having a lot of acres, but
of how much they can get out of one acre."

"Yes, and more than that," Benson answered, nodding his head
emphatically. "Lots of them, like Luke Scurich, are in it on a
large scale. Several of them are worth a quarter of a million
already. I know ten of them who will average one hundred and
fifty thousand each. They have a WAY with apples. It's almost a
gift. They KNOW trees in much the same way your husband knows
horses. Each tree is just as much an individual to them as a
horse is to me. They know each tree, its whole history,
everything that ever happened to it, its every idiosyncrasy. They
have their fingers on its pulse. They can tell if it's feeling as
well to-day as it felt yesterday. And if it isn't, they know why
and proceed to remedy matters for it. They can look at a tree in
bloom and tell how many boxes of apples it will pack, and not
only that--they'll know. what the quality and grades of those
apples are going to be. Why, they know each individual apple, and
they pick it tenderly, with love, never hurting it, and pack it
and ship it tenderly and with love, and when it arrives at
market, it isn't bruised nor rotten, and it fetches top price.

"Yes, it's more than intensive. These Adriatic Slavs are
long-headed in business. Not only can they grow apples, but they
can sell apples. No market? What does it matter? Make a market.
That's their way, while our kind let the crops rot knee-deep
under the trees. Look at Peter Mengol. Every year he goes to
England, and he takes a hundred carloads of yellow Newton pippins
with him. Why, those Dalmatians are showing Pajaro apples on the
South African market right now, and coining money out of it hand
over fist."

"What do they do with all the money?" Saxon queried.

"Buy the Americans of Pajaro Valley out, of course, as they are
already doing."

"And then?" she questioned.

Benson looked at her quickly.

"Then they'll start buying the Americans out of some other
valley. And the Americans will spend the money and by the second
generation start rotting in the cities, as you and your husband
would have rotted if you hadn't got out."

Saxon could not repress a shudder.--As Mary had rotted, she
thought; as Bert and all the rest had rotted; as Tom and all the
rest were rotting.

"Oh, it's a great country," Benson was continuing. "But we're not
a great people. Kipling is right. We're crowded out and sitting
on the stoop. And the worst of it is there's no reason we
shouldn't know better. We're teaching it in all our agricultural
colleges, experiment stations, and demonstration trains. But the
people won't take hold, and the immigrant, who has learned in a
hard school, beats them out. Why, after I graduated, and before
my father died--he was of the old school and laughed at what he
called my theories--I traveled for a couple of years. I wanted to
see how the old countries farmed. Oh, I saw.

"We'll soon enter the valley. You bet I saw. First thing, in
Japan, the terraced hillsides. Take a hill so steep you couldn't
drive a horse up it. No bother to them. They terraced it--a stone
wall, and good masonry, six feet high, a level terrace six feet
wide; up and up, walls and terraces, the same thing all the way,
straight into the air, walls upon walls, terraces upon terraces,
until I've seen ten-foot walls built to make three-foot terraces,
and twenty-foot walls for four or five feet of soil they could
grow things on. And that soil, packed up the mountainsides in
baskets on their backs!

"Same thing everywhere I went, in Greece, in Ireland, in
Dalmatia--I went there, too. They went around and gathered every
bit of soil they could find, gleaned it and even stole it by the
shovelful or handful, and carried it up the mountains on their
backs and built farms--BUILT them, MADE them, on the naked rock.
Why, in France, I've seen hill peasants mining their stream-beds
for soil as our fathers mined the streams of California for gold.
Only our gold's gone, and the peasants' soil remains, turning
over and over, doing something, growing something, all the time.
Now, I guess I'll hush."

"There's the valley now," Benson said. "Look at those trees! Look
at those hillsides! That's New Dalmatia. Look at it! An apple
paradise! Look at that soil! Look at the way it's worked!"

It was not a large valley that Saxon saw. But everywhere, across
the flat-lands and up the low rolling hills, the industry of the
Dalmatians was evident. As she looked she listened to Benson.

"Do you know what the old settlers did with this beautiful soil?
Planted the flats in grain and pastured cattle on the hills. And
now twelve thousand acres of it are in apples. It's a regular
show place for the Eastern guests at Del Monte, who run out here
in their machines to see the trees in bloom or fruit. Take Matteo
Lettunich--he's one of the originals. Entered through Castle
Garden and became a dish-washer. When he laid eyes on this
valley he knew it was his Klondike. To-day he leases seven
hundred acres and owns a hundred and thirty of his own--the
finest orchard in the valley, and he packs from forty to fifty
thousand boxes of export apples from it every year. And he won't
let a soul but a Dalmatian pick a single apple of all those
apples. One day, in a banter, I asked him what he'd sell his
hundred and thirty acres for. He answered seriously. He told me
what it had netted him, year by year, and struck an average. He
told me to calculate the principal from that at six per cent. I
did. It came to over three thousand dollars an acre."

"What are all the Chinks doin' in the Valley?" Billy asked.
"Growin' apples, too?"

Benson shook his head.

"But that's another point where we Americans lose out. There
isn't anything wasted in this valley, not a core nor a paring;
and it isn't the Americans who do the saving. There are
fifty-seven apple-evaporating furnaces, to say nothing of the
apple canneries and cider and vinegar factories. And Mr. John
Chinaman owns them. They ship fifteen thousand barrels of cider
and vinegar each year."

"It was our folks that made this country," Billy reflected.
"Fought for it, opened it up, did everything--"

"But develop it," Benson caught him up. "We did our best to
destroy it, as we destroyed the soil of New England." He waved
his hand, indicating some place beyond the hills. "Salinas lies
over that way. If you went through there you'd think you were in
Japan. And more than one fat little fruit valley in California
has been taken over by the Japanese. Their method is somewhat
different from the Dalmatians'. First they drift in fruit picking
at day's wages. They give better satisfaction than the American
fruit-pickers, too, and the Yankee grower is glad to get them.
Next, as they get stronger, they form in Japanese unions and
proceed to run the American labor out. Still the fruit-growers
are satisfied. The next step is when the Japs won't pick. The
American labor is gone. The fruit-grower is helpless. The crop
perishes. Then in step the Jap labor bosses. They're the masters
already. They contract for the crop. The fruit-growers are at
their mercy, you see. Pretty soon the Japs are running the
valley. The fruit-growers have become absentee landlords and are
busy learning higher standards of living in the cities or making
trips to Europe. Remains only one more step. The Japs buy them
out. They've got to sell, for the Japs control the labor market
and could bankrupt them at will."

"But if this goes on, what is left for us?" asked Saxon.

"What is happening. Those of us who haven't anything rot in the
cities. Those of us who have land, sell it and go to the cities.
Some become larger capitalists; some go into the professions; the
rest spend the money and start rotting when it's gone, and if it
lasts their life-time their children do the rotting for them."

Their long ride was soon over, and at parting Benson reminded
Billy of the steady job that awaited him any time he gave the
word.

"I guess we'll take a peep at that government land first," Billy
answered. "Don't know what we'll settle down to, but there's one
thing sure we won't tackle."

"What's that?"

"Start in apple-growin' at three thousan' dollars an acre."

Billy and Saxon, their packs upon the* backs, trudged along a
hundred yards. He was the first to break silence.

"An' I tell you another thing, Saxon. We'll never be goin' around
smellin' out an' swipin' bits of soil an' carryin' it up a hill
in a basket. The United States is big yet. I don't care what
Benson or any of 'em says, the United States ain't played out.
There's millions of acres untouched an' waitin', an' it's up to
us to find 'em."

"And I'll tell you one thing," Saxon said. "We're getting an
education. Tom was raised on a ranch, yet he doesn't know right
now as much about farming conditions as we do. And I'll tell you
another thing. The more I think of it, the more it seems we are
going to be disappointed about that government land."

"Ain't no use believin' what everybody tells you," he protested.

"Oh, it isn't that. It's what I think. I leave it to you. If this
land around here is worth three thousand an acre, why is it that
government land, if it's any good, is waiting there, only a short
way off, to be taken for the asking."

Billy pondered this for a quarter of a mile, but could come to no
conclusion. At last he cleared his throat and remarked: