Chapter 201)Identify the general functions of the urinary system.A.Assist in homeostasis by maintaining composition, pH, & volume of body fluids within normal ranges.1.removes metabolic wastes and chemicals in excess2.excretes foreign substances2)List the organs of the urinary system and state the function(s) of each organ.A.Kidneys – a pair of bean shaped organs located on either side of the vertebral column, on the posterior superior wall of the abdominal cavity1.Function – a.remove substances from the blood, form urine, & help regulate certain metabolic processesb.regulate the volume, composition, & pH of body fluids and remove metabolic wastes from the blood and excrete themB.Ureters – a pair of tubes that extend from each of the paired kidneys1.Function - transport urine from the kidneysC.Urinary bladder – collects urine from the ureters & serves as a urine reservoirD.Urethra – conveys urine to the outside of the body3)Describe the structure and function of the kidney.A. Structure1.Renal fascia– thin external layer of fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidneys to the surrounding structures in their retroperitoneal location in the abdomen2.Adipose capsule– masses of adipose tissue (renal fat) surround the kidneys and hold them in place3.Renal capsule– tough fibrous capsule that encloses the kidney4.Hilum– concave area that is centrally located on the medial aspect of the kidney and allows for passage of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and the ureters5.Renal sinus– hollow chamber within the medial aspect of the kidney that is surrounded by kidney tissue6.Renal pelvis– funnel-shaped structure on the medial part of the renal sinus that is formed by the expansion of the superior end of the uretera.Major calyces (sing. calyx)– 3 or 4 cup-like tubes that form the extensions of the renal sinusi.Minor calyces– 8 to 14 cup-like tubes that extend from the major calyces and from the boundary of the renal sinus7.Two distinct regions:a.Renal medulla– internal striated region of the kidneyi.Renal pyramid– pyramidal mass of medullary tissue; base is superficial and apex is pointed toward the sinus•Renal papillae– apex of the renal pyramidb.Renal cortex– superficial granular region of the kidney that extends into the kidney medulla in certain regions to form columnsi.Renal column– extensions of the renal cortex that are located between the medullary pyramids

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Chapter 204)Explain the blood flow in the kidney.A.Arterial blood flows through the vessels of the kidney in the following sequence:1.Renal artery– branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies the interlobar arteries2.Interlobar arteries– located in renal columns and supply the arcuate arteries3.Arcuate arteries– located in the juxtamedullary area and supply the cortical radiate arteries4.Cortical radiate (interlobular) arteries– located in renal cortex and supply the afferent arterioles5.Afferent arterioles

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