Pipelines and Promises
A summary of missing Enbridge evidence before the JRP hearings

Introduction
Since September, Enbridge Northern Gateway’s proposal for a pipeline from the tarsands through
northern B.C. to the west coast at Kitimat has been undergoing technical hearings before the
National Energy Board’s Joint Review Panel (JRP). Starting in Edmonton, the hearings began by
looking at the project’s economics; in Prince George, the JRP heard about pipeline construction,
operations and environmental impacts; hearings in Prince Rupert will focus on marine and
aboriginal rights issues.
During the JRP hearings, registered First Nations, labour and environmental groups, political
representatives, community based groups and individuals have been able to cross-examine Enbridge
on its application and evidence to date. What has been obvious since September is that Enbridge
has a frightening number of gaps in its information that won’t be prepared until after approval
is granted. Below is a summary of some—but not all—of the gaps that have been revealed over the
course of the JRP hearings in Edmonton and Prince George.

Gaps in Northern Gateway plan
OIL SPILL RESPONSE: When the hearings started on September 4 in Edmonton, Northern

Gateway president John Carruthers said the company would “answer questions on how Northern
Gateway will do its part to ensure that there’s world-class emergency preparedness and response
capability in place for the Pacific north coast and how detailed operational emergency response
planning will be undertaken prior to commencement of operations. We will answer questions
regarding the effects of oil spills on marine environments and the recovery of those environments.”
At the moment, those questions remain unanswered. Representatives for Enbridge have repeatedly
stated that details about an oil spill response will not be submitted for review until six months
before the pipeline is operational—in other words, after the project has received approval from the
NEB. Under cross-examination, one Enbridge witness acknowledged that, “We have a lot of work to
do.” One detail to be worked out on the spill response plan is the target response time, one Enbridge
witness said under cross-examination by ForestEthics Advocacy lawyer Barry Robinson.

Photo: Office of the Wet’suwet’en

A D V O C A C Y

TERRAIN HAZARD ASSESSMENT: Enbridge will complete its research into slope stability
along its proposed Northern Gateway Pipeline once it has received approval for the project, it
says. No terrain mapping has been done specifically for the purposes of assessing terrain stability
surrounding the pipeline’s proposed route. During cross-examination by the Province of B.C., it was
noted that Enbridge had left known glacial-marine clay sediments along the proposed route out of
its hazard assessment; glacial-marine clay deposits are known to cause instability and landslides.
Enbridge representative Ray Doering acknowledged that, “As we move forward with the detailed
engineering, there is a substantial amount of additional geotechnical work … that needs to be
undertaken to further inform the risk analysis and the geohazard risk analysis.”

LEAK DETECTION: Although Enbridge has committed to “world-class” leak detection for its

Northern Gateway Pipeline, an Enbridge representative admitted that the minimum sized leak that
can be detected will not be determined until the detailed engineering phase, following project approval.

INSURANCE COVERAGE: Under cross-examination by the Province of British Columbia

on September 7, Carruthers said it was too early for Northern Gateway to finalize what insurance
coverage it would have to cover a spill; he added that insurance companies had not been approached
about such coverage. Enbridge was asked to provide an estimated premium for $250 million in
general liability coverage. The cleanup for Enbridge’s 2010 oil spill in Kalamazoo, Michigan is
estimated to have cost more than three times that amount.

DEMAND AND TOLL RATES: In Edmonton, Northern Gateway president John Carruthers
confirmed under cross-examination that the amount charged to oil producers to ship bitumen in
the Northern Gateway pipeline will not be determined until after approvals. As such, it’s impossible
to know if producers would use the pipeline and therefore to determine demand for the project.

TAX REVENUE: A cost-benefit analysis submitted by Enbridge includes the gross revenue to

governments, but doesn’t subtract costs to government resulting from the project. In addition, there
was no economic cost-benefit analysis done for the condensate pipeline. As such, the economic costbenefit analysis is incomplete and there are no data showing the project’s economic benefit to taxpayers.

LOCAL LABOUR: On October 11, the JRP heard from one Enbridge representative that it is too
early to project how much labour Enbridge will be able to source locally, versus importing workers.
In November, panelist Kenneth Bateman asked about Enbridge’s target for employing minimum
15 percent aboriginal workers during construction. Enbridge responded that First Nations are
sometimes brought in from past jobs in other regions and won’t necessarily be local.

SEISMOLOGY: In the month leading up to Haida Gwaii’s 7.8 magnitude earthquake— the

second largest Canadian earthquake ever recorded by a seismometer—the JRP heard that Enbridge’s
seismic testing, and the determination of what degree of testing would be needed, wouldn’t take
place until the detailed design phase following approval from the NEB.

STREAM FLOWS FOR RIVER CROSSINGS: Enbridge won’t provide more detailed

information on stream flow variability until the detailed engineering phase; the panel also heard that
Enbridge will not look at behaviours of oil spilled in fast-flowing rivers until after approval is granted.

SEASONAL DISRUPTION OF FISH HABITAT: When asked under cross-examination

by the Haisla First Nation whether it has considered the timing of pipeline construction with regard

to season use of streams by certain species, a DFO representative for the Government of Canada said
those detailed would be gathered following NEB approval. An Enbridge witnesses also told the panel
that spill response particular to sensitive salmon habitat would come with the detailed planning. In
the event of a spill, sensitivities would be identified early in the response and they would be handled
on a “spill-case-by-spill-case basis” once a spill is underway, the company said.

ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STUDIES: On September 8, Enbridge president

John Carruthers told ForestEthics Advocacy lawyer Tim Leadem that research for mitigating
environmental damage would happen in the detailed planning and engineering phase, following
NEB approval.

PIPELINE ROUTING: Enbridge has said that the pipeline’s final routing would come with

detailed engineering. Northwest Institute lawyer Richard Overstall expressed frustration to the Joint
Review Panel that the lack of definition in pipeline routing, and ongoing changes to the route, make
it difficult to question Enbridge on its plans with regard to specific water crossings.

CLORE AND HOULT TUNNELS: The panel also heard that Enbridge has not done the

detailed engineering on the Clore and Hoult tunnels—two extremely technical and precarious feats
of engineering intended to avoid unstable sections of the Coast Mountains. The two options being
considered are boring through the rock or using drill and blast techniques, but the company has not
yet done a geohazard assessment for either tunnel.

PIPELINE ACCESS: Enbridge doesn’t currently know how it will access the pipeline’s remote

Photo: Andy Wright

sections in the case of a leak. One Enbridge witness said the company will determine how it will
reach its pipelines via road during the detailed design phase of the project, following approval by
the NEB; it also has yet to determine which access roads are maintained year-round, the JRP heard.
It hasn’t confirmed the availability of helicopters in the region and is still determining how ice
conditions could be negotiated in the case of a spill.

Next steps in the hearings
The Enbridge Northern Gateway hearings will take place from Dec. 10 to 18 in Prince Rupert. In
the new year, community hearings will be held in Vancouver, Victoria and Kelowna, offering an
opportunity for residents outside the proposed route to stand up and express their views on the
project for up to 10 minutes. Hearings resume in Rupert from February 4th to May 17th. Following
will be the opportunity for interveners to provide final arguments, which will be done in written
format, with an opportunity to respond to others’ comments orally. These will wrap up by June
29th. The JRP will then deliberate the evidence and come up with its recommendation on whether
this project is in the public interest on December 29, 2013.

Conclusion
ForestEthics Advocacy is a registered intervener in the JRP and has been following the hearings
closely. The above listed gaps is not comprehensive — Enbridge and its experts have also admitted
to the need for more research on the endangered Telkwa caribou herd, rare plants along power line
easements, water crossings over salmon, trout and sturgeon habitat, etc. etc. Much of Enbridge’s
testimony over the past two months has involved asking for the public’s trust. Trust the company’s
promises and commitments to develop more detailed engineering for a project that they really
want to build. But how can First Nations and residents of northern British Columbia, so reliant on
healthy watersheds and the coast, trust this company that is unable, despite its massive budget, to
answer basic, fundamental questions?
While they ask for trust, Enbridge has lobbied the federal government 145 times since July 2008 to
try to streamline the environmental assessment process and make changes to DFO and Transport
Canada regulations. Along with other pipeline companies and oil reps, they have been largely
successful in cutting environmental regulations with the Harper Conservative government. Again,
how can British Columbians trust that enough safeguards will be in place for our fisheries and
waterways from an oil pipeline and tankers when the company has few answers and the federal
government has cut protection?
The hearings in Prince Rupert will likely reveal more major gaps in Enbridge’s application on
marine issues and Aboriginal rights. Given the lack of information provided by Enbridge and strong
arguments against the project from British Columbia residents, First Nations, municipalities, unions
and environmental groups, the Northern Gateway project should never be built.