Recall the third episode titled ‘When committing evil acts’ and the story of ‘Bruce’. Eight types of Consciousness rooted in Attachment (Lobha Mulika Chiththas) were explained at first in that episode. In addition to other Chethasikas which were featured in common, following three Chethasikas are particular to Lobha Mulika Chiththas. They are together bundled as Lobha Thrikaya.

(5) Lobha - Attachment Similar explanation could be given as in the third episode. Lobha or attachment is the likeness, lust, greed or passion for beautiful, attractive or desirable sensual objects. This Chethasika is contained in all eight types of Lobha Mulika Chiththas.

(6) Ditthi - False view Impression that there is no sin and merit, no results of bad kamma, nothing wrong with doing any evil act to accomplish one’s mission is a ‘False View’. ‘Ditthi’ refers to this false view. In expansion this is the Michcha Ditthi. This Chethasika is contained in four of the Ditthigatha Samprayuktha Lobha Mulika Chiththas.

(7) Mana - Conceit This is the mental state of thinking that self is more supreme than another (Seiya Mana), equal to another (Sadhisa Mana) or minor than another (Heena Mana) based on undue facts. For example, Dewadatta equalised himself with the Buddha as he was his brother-in-law. He tried to become the Buddha by killing him just as Ajasattha became King by killing his father. This is also an immoral mental state and contain in four of the Ditthigatha Viprayuktha Lobha Mulika Chiththas.

The next four Chethasikas bundled by the name ‘Dwesha Chathushkaya’ particularly contain in two of the Consciousness rooted in ill-will or aversion (Dwesha Mulika Chiththas).

(8) Dosha - Hatred This is simply the anger, hatred, ill-will or aversion which arises with a Dwesha Mulika Chiththas. There it was named as Patigha.

(9) Issa - Jealousy This is the mental state of jealousy. It is the characteristic of envying others prosperity and success. It is the incapability of bearing others being treated reasonably. Obviously jealousy is connected with hatred so are contained in Dwesha Mulika Chiththas.

(10) Machchariya - Avarice This is the concealment of one’s own property. It is the dislikeness of others knowing that oneself has wealth or property. Mattakundali’s story is the best example for this feature. When Dwesha Mulika Chiththas arise due to a reason of this nature, Machchariya Chethasika is present.

(11) Kukkuchcha - Worry This is one of the hindrances taken together with Uddhachcha. This is the remorse over committed evil and good that is not done. Its chief characteristic is grieving and repenting over these two situations.

The next two Chethasikas are mentioned together in many texts. However, in Abhidhamma they are two Chethasikas usually arise together. These two are also together taken as one of the hindrances. These two may arise in five of the prompted or Sasankharika Chiththas out of 12 types of Akusala Chiththas.

(12) Thina - Sloth This is the shrinking state or laziness of mind. It pulls from back of mind engaging in work. It is opposed to the effort or Viriya Chethasika. It is the sickness of the mind.

(13) Midhdha - Torpor As Thina is the sickness of mind, Middha is the sickness of mental factors. It is the gloomy state or laziness of mental states. Yet again it drags one of doing any work and opposed to the effort.

(14) Vichikichcha - Doubt Vichikichcha is the mental state that it is incapable of deciding that it is as such. This is again one of the Five Hindrances and commonly known as the doubt about eight places such as Buddha and Dhamma.

Thus ends 14 types of Immoral Mental States. It should be mentioned again that the above explanation of these Chethasikas are very simply done to lay a foundation on basics of Abhidhamma. One who wishes to learn in depth is advised to read advanced Abhidhamma Books.