3
One problem encountered in testing the translation is the problem of overall length. In general, good translations tend to be somewhat longer than the original test. This is due to the fact that the translator wishes to state everything that is in the source language and second, that the receptor-language readers, lacking the background of the source-language message, need somewhat more lexical information in the receptor language.

4
Any well-translated message, which has the dimensions of length and difficulty, is designed to fit the channel capacity of the receptors. Channel capacity is the degree of ability by which a receptor has to understand the message. The narrower the channel capacity, the more redundancy needs to be introduced to lighten the communication load. If one translates literally from the source into the receptor language with the dimension of length, this will almost inevitably mean that the dimension of difficulty will be appreciably greater.

5
Since the literal translation is relatively short, the dimension of difficulty becomes greater, because the ability of the readers to understand the message is less. The only possible solution is to “draw out” the message, that is, to build in redundancy. In the process of building in redundancy, one does not add an information which is not implicit in the original message. One is only raising such information from an implicit to an explicit level, which may be required in order to make a translation dynamic equivalent, in the sense that it fits the channel capacity of the present receptors to approximately the same extent as the original communication fits the channel capacity of the original readers.

6
A common lexical expansion is the adding of classifiers to the words. Another form is descriptive substitutes, which are almost longer than the corresponding originals, for they require several different lexical items to describe the form and/or function of the object or event in question.

7
There is often information that is indispensable to the understanding of the source message, but should be placed in the form of marginal notes on the page where the difficulty of understanding occurs. Take as an example a game called “cricket”, which has not been known in Indonesia. In order for readers to comprehend what kind of game it is, some supplementary information must be given in a marginal note, e.g. ‘suatu bentuk olah raga yang dimainkan oleh dua kesebelasan dengan menggunakan pemukul dan bola yang ditembakkan kedalam gawang kecil’.

8
It would be quite wrong to suggest that in every sentence, that is, in all types of context and in all types of styles, one encounters the need of expansion. Quite naturally there are some expressions that are reduced in the process of transfer from one language to another, e.g. “Never again for me!” may be reduced to “Tobat!’ or “Kapok!’. It is just as important to employ proper reductions as it is to introduce the proper expansions, for both expansions and reductions are based on the same fundamental principles of producing the closest, natural equivalent.

9
One is only raising such information from an implicit to an explicit level, which may be required in order to make a translation dynamic equivalent, in the sense that it fits the channel capacity of the present receptors to approximately the same extent as the original communication fits the channel capacity of the original readers.

10
Another form is descriptive substitutes, which are almost longer than the corresponding originals, for they require several different lexical items to describe the form and/or function of the object or event in question. For example, “Etymology” may be described as ‘Ilmu asal usul kata’. Some expressions, however, are so semantically condensed in the source-language text that they often require considerable expansion in the receptor language and can be misunderstood if translated literally.

11
A clear example is the Wordsworth’s quotation “The Child is Father of the Man”. Accordingly this sentence must be semantically restructured by expansion to read, ’Anak, karena masih suci, berada lebih dekat ke surga daripada orang dewasa’.

Tentang proyek

Tanggapan

To ensure the functioning of the site, we use cookies. We share information about your activities on the site with our partners and Google partners: social networks and companies engaged in advertising and web analytics. For more information, see the Privacy Policy and Google Privacy &amp Terms.
Your consent to our cookies if you continue to use this website.