A calorie is the amount of heat energy needed to increase a mililiter of water 1 degree centigrade, the calorie we talk about in foods is really a kilocalorie, that is the amount of energy needed to increase a liter of water 1 degree centigrade... So if you eat a food that is 500 calories that food if burned completely has enough energy to heat a liter of water 500 degrees centigrade.
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2

Multiple:
There are many different types of treatment. However the treatment varies depending on what type of hyponatremia you have. If you have hyponatremia from dehydration, you must have a liquids that have salt (ckn broth or normal saline) in them. If you had hyponatremia because you retain too much fluid, then you must use a water pill to get rid of the excess water and improve your serum sodium.
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3

Low sodium:
You need to see an endocrinologist (ea) as soon as possible. You are hypothyroid (h) with your high tsh. That could be one cause of your low sodium (ls). Ls is a life-threatening situation. See an e, get your h treated with medicine and you may stop the need for your sodium pills and avoid future hospitalizations. You will also begin to feel better.
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4

FInd out why:
I trust you are not taking a diuretic for some reason, and i trust you do not have inappropriate ADH (vasopressin) secretion due to porphyria or some other illness. Especially, i hope you don't have undiagnosed addison's disease especially with the high TSH (possible schmidt's). Have you been evaluated for one of the syndromes of renal sodium wasting?
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5

Water excess:
Hi. Hyponatremia is virtually ALWAYS due to water excess, NOT sodium deficiency. Depending on how LOW below normal your sodium is, correction may have to be done fairly gradually to prevent harm. You need to see a competent diagnostician to assess your volume status (fluid overloaded, dehydrated, or normal), and causative conditions, then institute water restriction (or a vaptan drug). Good luck!
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6

Confused:
Two things:
1: Please call your mother's doctor!
2: Consider a consult with a Psychologist.
Please keep me posted.
PS: I have two brothers with family in London and I hope to see them in December! Can't wait.
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7

Wrong treatment:
Hi. The treatment for hyponatremia depends on the patient's volume status (dehydrated, volume over-loaded, or normal volume status) and the underlying cause. The most common cause, SIADH, is treated with water restriction (or one of the new vaptan drugs), NOT by giving salt. Nausea and vomiting can be FROM severe hyponatremia. It wouldn't be a bad idea for you to see an endocrinologist.
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Depends:
Bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate)) is not reno-protective. However, high acid levels in the blood affect heart function, muscle function and kidney function. Reducing the blood acid level (seen by a rising bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate) level or pH level) improves muscle function including the heart which improves kidney circulation. It also allows the kidneys to better control potassium levels. You can help the process by avoiding sodas!
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9

Yes. :
Any drink that doesn't taste like the ocean is mostly water, regardless of whether it contains sodium or not. Long distance runners can be susceptible to hyponatremia, and risk factors include long distances (marathons, ultra-marathons), women, low body weight, inadequate training, and water loading before and during the race, especially if more weight is gained by water than lost by sweat.
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10

Frozen food:
It seems that frozen dinners purchased at a market may have ingredients that are not healthy; however, frozen fruit is fine; frozen veg are fine; frozen meats are fine; Low salt packaging seems decent.
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