muhammed cousin. Assinated. Controversy of his leadership causes the split in Islam

Muawiya

challenge Ali's right to be caliph. Starts civil war. Governor of Syria

Abu'l Abbas

one of the famous astronomers working for the Abbasid caliphs in the 9th century;He was involved in the measurement of the diameter of the Earth together with a team of scientists under the patronage of al-Ma'mūn in Baghdad.

Harun Al-Rashid

the fifth and most famous Abbasid Caliph. stablished hospital

Fatima

muhammed daughter, Ali's wife

Al-Mamun

Had the right to interpet the Quran. Built the house of Wisdom

Al-Rahzi (Rhazes)

a versatile Persian physician, philosopher, and scholar who made fundamental and enduring contributions to the fields of medicine, alchemy, and philosophy;credited with the discovery of sulfuric acid, the "work horse" of modern chemistry and chemical engineering.

Ibn- Sina (avicenna)

a Persian physician, philosopher, and scientist; He was the author of 450 books on a wide range of subjects. Many of these concentrated on philosophy and medicine. He is considered by many to be "the father of modern medicine."

Abd-al-Rahman III

the greatest and most successful of the princes of the Ummayad dynasty in Spain.

Scheherazade

fictional princess that tells a story of the 1001 arabian knights

Ibn Khaldun

a famous Arab historiographer and historian is sometimes seen as one of the forerunners of modern historiography, sociology and economics.

Sundiata

the founder of the Mali Empire.

Sonni Ali

the first great king of the Songhai Empire, and the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty. He was not a Muslim, but a believer in African animism. Songhai extended to cover a great chunk of the Niger River area and gained control of crucial trading areas such as Timbuktu, surpassing the height of the Mali Empire.

Askia Muhammed

lead led the Muslim empire of the Sonhai Dynasty. built mosque and schools to study the Quran.

Mansa Musa

14th century king of the Mali Empire. He is remembered for his fabled hajj and as a benefactor of Islamic scholarship.

W.D Muhammed

son of Elijah Muhammed who turned away from the nation of Islam.

Elijah Muhammed

1st leader of the nation of Islam

Malcolm X

American activist. A member of the Black Muslims (1952-1963), he advocated separatism and Black pride. After converting to orthodox Islam, he founded the Organization of Afro-American Unity (1964) and was assassinated in Harlem.

Louis Farrakhan

current leader of The Nation of Islam

Charles Martel

wins the battle of tours. which stops the Islam empire from expanding.

Alexius I

Pope Urban II

proclaimed 1st Crusade for the Holy City

Saladin

founded the Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria. He was also renowned in both the Christian and Muslim worlds for his leadership and military prowess tempered by his chivalry and merciful nature, during his struggle against the Crusaders.

Al-Khwarizmi

was a Muslim mathematician, astronomer, astrologer and geographer of Persian origin;He was the author of the book on the systematic solution of linear and quadratic equations. Consequently he is considered to be the father of algebra