Of the first two, 1 doesn't seem correct to me, since there is no verbal form in it. Perhaps 1 could work in a certain context, but I can't imagine one off the top of my head.

For the second two sentences, I'd really need to see the more complete context -- and perhaps know more about mechanical engineering -- to say for sure, but I suppose 1 as the -ing form makes a verb into a noun.

Hi peter
Thanks for your answer to my previous question,although I did not understand your answer to my first example.
To clear it,I have another question.I know the difference between adjectives ending in ed and ing.my question is:
Where do we use pure noun before a noun and where do we use gerund or adjective ending in ing before a noun?and what is the difference in meaning(or means(I do not know which one is correct?))
Let me give u an example:
I don't know the differences between these :
A:water flooding and water flood(if it is correct)
B:the learn English team(in your page)
(Why not>the learning English team or the English learning or English learn team)
Please specify the structure of these phrases.
Kind regards.

Your question really is about the use of present and past participles as adjectives, whether by themselves or as part of larger phrases or clauses. We actually have a page on this with a lot of examples - you can find it here.

The phrase 'water flooding' is likely to mean 'water which is flooding' - in other words, it describes water which is in the process of flooding. The phrase 'water flood' is not one we use. You could say 'water flooded' in certain contexts with a meaning of 'water which has flooded', however. The context is important here.

'LearnEnglish' is a name and not a normal grammatical construction - the fact it is written as one word shows this. We would not use in a sentence other than as a name, and we would not use 'learning' as an adjective before 'English' in any case as English can be learned but cannot learn anything itself!

I have a big problem with words ending in ing.
For example: what is the difference between link and linking in these two phrases:
A:linking words
B:link words
Why do not we use link instead of linking in two sentences above.
Or for example "infected areas" and "infecting areas" or "infectious areas"?please help me.I am very confused.
Thanks in advance.

English often uses different forms for the same purpose. Both 'link verbs' and 'linking verbs' are names for the same thing.

There is a difference between adjectives ending in -ed and -ing and we have a page devoted to this which you can find here. In general, we use -ing to describe something which causes an effect and -ed to describe something which the effect happens to. For example:

The man is boring! [other people are not interested in him]

The man is bored! [he is not having fun]

In your examples 'an infected area' is one where the infection has taken hold. The area has been affected by the infection - it is, if you like, a victim. By contrast, 'infecting areas' are areas which can make other places (or people etc) catch the disease.

'Infectious' has a similar meaning to 'infecting' but it refers to the characteristic rather than the action. In other words, an infectious area is one which can infect but may at the moment be safe (because of quarantine, for example). An infecting area is one which is actively infecting others.

I would say that both sentences are grammatically correct, but the first formulation is rarely used. You may remember a Schwarzenegger film from the 1980s titled 'The Running Man', for example.

The -ing forms here have different grammatical functions. The first sentence uses 'running' as an adjective before the noun. The -ing form in the second sentence also modifies the noun but it is part of a reduced relative clause (phrase) as follows: