What the government response to COVID-19 means for producer responsibility

Predictions were difficult to make at the time as it was before the UK went into Government advised lockdown. We were only thinking about better hand hygiene, and not the widespread business closures and “stay at home” culture that has ensued.

The government have been unprecedently swift in releasing their suite of general support for businesses. However, it has taken a little more time to assess the situation and release guidance to specific industries. Producer responsibility is intrinsically linked with waste management and the collection of material to recycle. Now we are a few weeks in, we have started to see the effects on these activities.

The highest priority is given to “black bag” mixed general waste, destined to be burned, or worse, landfilled. On the upside, separate food waste collections also received the highest priority, which shows how important it is for us all to segregate our food waste from unrecyclable rubbish at home.

Concern about packaging recycling

The news was not so positive for “dry recyclables” that make up the majority of consumer packaging waste recycled in the UK. Fortnightly collections are only a medium priority, and weekly collections are a low priority.

This effectively means that if local authorities must make a tough call about what services to reduce if staffing numbers become an issue, it is likely that the collection of recyclable material will be adapted or suspended. It is highly probably that this could lead to recyclable packaging material ending up in the general waste bin at people’s homes.

The government’s advice on Household Waste Recycling Facilities, or “the tip” as it is sometimes colloquially known, spells further problems for recycling. Many facilities across the country have been closed by local authorities. Closures followed an upsurge in citizens clearing their homes and gardens in order to have the space to isolate themselves. It is also worth noting that now is usually one of the busiest times for these facilities as spring cleaning commences across the country.

Specifically, reprocessors of packaging waste streams like wood rely on these sites for the collection of material. Their closure could have an impact in the amount of material being collected over the next few months. While there is likely to be some sort of “bounce-back” for wood, as individuals and businesses store it until the sites reopen, this is less likely for card and glass where there will again be temptation to utilise the general waste bin.

However, the guidance is not statutory so local authorities and waste collectors can make their own decisions about the importance of the various services they provide. Knowing how hard many local authorities have tried in recent years to increase their recycling rates, they will be extremely reluctant to switch off services unless imperative.

Lower compliance concern for WEEE

Collections of electrical equipment will also be impacted by the closure of bring sites and recycling centres. However, the government have already made a producer responsibility intervention by reducing the 2020 collection target from their draft position. This makes the targets somewhat more achievable and even if they are not met, there is a compliance fee the government can use to ensure producers contribute towards increase collections and recycling in future.

Although compliance with the law is less of a concern, the outlook is grimmer for treatment facilities who rely on waste electronics to be collected and sent to them for treatment as their primary source of income.

The government’s assistance with paying wages of staff, if they need to be furloughed, will help but there are other overhead exposures that may impact the viability of their operations. WEEE schemes have proposed to use funds derived from the compliance fee in previous years to assist, but a final decision is yet to be made on the detail of how such a system could work.

Problems for batteries

Retailer and recycling centre closures have certainly affected the ease with which the average person can recycle their batteries. As anticipated, requests for collections have reduced.

However, it remains to be seen whether there will be a reduction in batteries collected and recycled in 2020 until the other side of the crisis. It is possible that batteries could be stored at homes and businesses during this period and deposits of batteries could even spike when movement restrictions are relaxed or removed.

Reprocessors

The status of those working in treatment facilities as “key workers” may only relate to those who require childcare cover, but it still sits in stark contrast to the other recommendations being made by government. It will undoubtedly be helping with maintaining staffing levels but if the material isn’t arriving, there is very little they will be able to do.

A statement issued by regulators to relax storage limits for permitted sites will help smooth out any peaks that may occur due to staff shortages or in influx of household material as a result of everyone staying at home. It will be some relief that they will not fall foul of the law due to the unpredictable nature of when material arrives.

Business as usual?

Waste collections are far from “business as usual” as most local authorities are in emergency planning mode. The producer responsibility sector, however, continues to operate in a relatively normal vein, albeit from various homes around the country. Data services to track packaging and products placed onto the market can easily be done remotely with existing weight data. The securing of evidence to meet producers’ obligations continues in earnest.

The only question mark is whether the recycling targets set for 2020 across packaging, WEEE and batteries will be met. If they aren’t met for packaging and batteries, the government will be left with a difficult decision to make. Balancing the need to be fair to those producers and schemes who have gone to extraordinary efforts to meet their obligations, with not wanting to penalise too harshly those who’ve had a difficult year and missed targets, will not be an easy task.

If you have any concerns about your producer responsibility obligations in relation to the COVID-19 crisis, please contact our team.

Robbie Staniforth

Head of policy

Having gained a wealth of experience in regulatory affairs, waste issues and secondary commodity market analysis, Robbie uses his skills internally as an operational board member and externally to influence legislation change as head of policy. He is responsible for liaising with government, regulators and industry organisations to articulate complex views and interests and to provide high-level policy expertise, industry insight and market analysis to our members.