Researchers at the Karolinska Institutet found commonalities in the brain's dopamine system between people with schizophrenia and creative, non-schizophrenic subjects. Specifically, both creative and schizophrenic people tended to have a relatively low density of dopamine receptors in the thalamus. Study author Fredrik Ullén explains that this might lead to "a lower degree of signal filtering, and thus a higher flow of information" — which would in turn give rise to both "the ability of healthy highly creative people to see numerous uncommon connections in a problem-solving situation and the bizarre associations found in the mentally ill."

Note that the creative people in the study weren't suffering from schizophrenia, and so the research doesn't back up the common misconception that people have to be mentally ill to be truly creative. What it does suggest, however, is that creativity and mental illness may have similar sources. It's certainly possible that genes that cause schizophrenia in some combinations persist because, in others, they lead to heightened creativity that might actually enhance someone's chances of survival. And creativity may be good for humanity as well as individuals. Temple Grandin argues that "autism genetics" are beneficial for the human population, though these genes are detrimental to individuals who may produce severe autism. Similarly, having a certain number of creative people around may be good for the human species as a whole. As people with "insecure attachment styles" apparently aid their social groups by spotting and reacting to threats, creative people may develop innovative ways of responding to them.

An MSNBC interview with Temple Grandin, the animal behaviorist whose experience with autism is the…
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Romantics and anti-psychiatry types often wax rhapsodic about the artistic gifts conferred by various mental problems. But while many great artists have suffered from mental illnesses, maybe we should think of these ailments less as prerequisites for creativity and more as related conditions. Then we can stop fetishizing what are, for many, debilitating diseases, but at the same time recognize why they may endure — and why people may be reluctant, at times, to give them up.