FM modulation ckt..

here i have attached a FM modulation ckt. The Cc and Lc are for carrier wave generation and the modulating signal is provided.But still i couldnt get how frequency is getting modulated?Can u please explain this whole ckt...if possible from the scratch??

hey..then whats the need of the three 10 pf capacitors just before antenna....which are providing some sort of feedback?? and as u said about base collector capacitance then why such thing is changing only in this ckt...we have almost similar ckts for oscillator and tuned amplifier.Then why B-C capacitance doesn't changes there or show some effect there??please explain in bit more detail..

hey..then whats the need of the three 10 pf capacitors just before antenna....which are providing some sort of feedback?? and as u said about base collector capacitance then why such thing is changing only in this ckt...we have almost similar ckts for oscillator and tuned amplifier.Then why B-C capacitance doesn't changes there or show some effect there??please explain in bit more detail..

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All three 10pF caps affect the resonant frequency of the tank. The C-E cap provides the positive feedback needed for oscillation. The one across the emitter resistor is probably not necessary.
B-C capacitance nonlinearity in almost any transistor oscillator will affect the harmonic distortion of the output to some extent. The amount of distortion will depend on the circuit, and on the ratio of fixed capacitance to C-B capacitance.

All three 10pF caps affect the resonant frequency of the tank. The C-E cap provides the positive feedback needed for oscillation. The one across the emitter resistor is probably not necessary.
B-C capacitance nonlinearity in almost any transistor oscillator will affect the harmonic distortion of the output to some extent. The amount of distortion will depend on the circuit, and on the ratio of fixed capacitance to C-B capacitance.

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ohh i got it....the modulating voltage will change the B-C junction capacitance which will cause the overall tank circuit capacitance to change and hence the generated frequency,which will be the FM wave...Just two more doubts...
1.) you said that the three 10 pf cap are for affecting the resonant frequency...but are we not complicating the ckt by adding these three,I mean we could have changed the frequency using simply a DRB ?? Or are there any other benefits of using these cap ?? I think one is the for oscillation...am i write?
2.) In the ckt the feedback is given to modulating signal also....wont it affect the source??
[Please dont get frustrated by my silly doubts ]

ohh i got it....the modulating voltage will change the B-C junction capacitance which will cause the overall tank circuit capacitance to change and hence the generated frequency,which will be the FM wave...Just two more doubts...
1.) you said that the three 10 pf cap are for affecting the resonant frequency...but are we not complicating the ckt by adding these three,I mean we could have changed the frequency using simply a DRB ?? Or are there any other benefits of using these cap ?? I think one is the for oscillation...am i write?
2.) In the ckt the feedback is given to modulating signal also....wont it affect the source??
[Please dont get frustrated by my silly doubts ]

ohh i got it....the modulating voltage will change the B-C junction capacitance which will cause the overall tank circuit capacitance to change and hence the generated frequency,which will be the FM wave...Just two more doubts...
1.) you said that the three 10 pf cap are for affecting the resonant frequency...but are we not complicating the ckt by adding these three,I mean we could have changed the frequency using simply a variable inductor ?? Or are there any other benefits of using these cap ?? I think one is the for oscillation...am i write?
2.) In the ckt the feedback is given to modulating signal also....wont it affect the source??
[Please dont get frustrated by my silly doubts ]

1.) you said that the three 10 pf cap are for affecting the resonant frequency...but are we not complicating the ckt by adding these three,I mean we could have changed the frequency using simply a DRB ??

Click to expand...

Usually the oscillator is tuned with a trimmer capacitor. The inductor is just a few turns of wire with an air core at this very high frequency.
The FM (frequency modulation) is performed by modulating the collector-base capacitance of the transistor.

Or are there any other benefits of using these cap ?? I think one is the for oscillation...am i correct?

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The circuit has too many capacitors so I removed two and changed one to be grounded. The capacitor from the collector to the emitter provides positive feedback for oscillation to occur.

in the ckt the feedback is given to modulating signal also....wont it affect the source??

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The modulating signal is very low (audio) frequencies applied to the base of the transistor. The transistor oscillator is a common-base type with the 330pF capacitor grounding the base at 100MHz so the 100MHz signal does not feed into the source.

Usually the oscillator is tuned with a trimmer capacitor. The inductor is just a few turns of wire with an air core at this very high frequency.
The FM (frequency modulation) is performed by modulating the collector-base capacitance of the transistor.

The circuit has too many capacitors so I removed two and changed one to be grounded. The capacitor from the collector to the emitter provides positive feedback for oscillation to occur.

The modulating signal is very low (audio) frequencies applied to the base of the transistor. The transistor oscillator is a common-base type with the 330pF capacitor grounding the base at 100MHz so the 100MHz signal does not feed into the source.

Although this circuit will work, it will be far from ideal. It will A.M. modulate the signal about as much at it will F.M. the signal. This can be corrected by following the circuit with a limiter or a class C amplifier.

The very simple circuit performs poorly and is a child's toy:
1) Its frequency changes if something moves toward it or moves away and also changes as its battery voltage runs down.
2) It does not have pre-emphasis (treble boost) like all FM radio stations have so its sound received on an FM radio (they all have de-emphasis) will sound muffled like your stereo with its treble tone control turned all the way down.

The very simple circuit performs poorly and is a child's toy:
1) Its frequency changes if something moves toward it or moves away and also changes as its battery voltage runs down.
2) It does not have pre-emphasis (treble boost) like all FM radio stations have so its sound received on an FM radio (they all have de-emphasis) will sound muffled like your stereo with its treble tone control turned all the way down.

I can't find anything in the FCC Part 15 documentation that even mentions the type of modulation for unlicensed transmitters in the 88-108 MHz band.
I know you are an RF guy. maybe you can point us to the relevant regulations.

I can't find anything in the FCC Part 15 documentation that even mentions the type of modulation for unlicensed transmitters in the 88-108 MHz band.
I know you are an RF guy. maybe you can point us to the relevant regulations.

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Hi Ron:

The FCC doesn't specify modulation methods for Part 15 transmmitters, but it DOES specify peak power emission, and if A.M. modulation causes the transmitter to exceed this, then it could be in violation, if your carrier is pushing the 1mW limit.

Also, keep in mind that the upper end of the F.M. broadcast band is into the aviation band, where A.M. is still widely used and potential for interference is real.