CFD simulation of cold start under extremely low ambient temperature in the internal combustion engine is very challenging due to both low evaporation and complicated evaporation processes of fuel. The objective of this study was to develop a computational tool to model evaporation processes of a wide range of multi-component fuels in the gasoline engines realistically and accurately. Particular interest was in GDI engine start operation under extremely cold conditions.

Cylinder head temperatures are critical for understanding engine performance and durability. Accurate predictions of head temperatures are difficult due to the amount of physics interacting with the head. These interactions such as heat release due to combustion, valve heat transfer and friction, internal and external cooling, and oil splash cooling all contribute to head temperatures. To predict head temperature, a conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analysis integrating all of the interactions was performed.

The cooling system has a key role in the design process of diesel engines: it allows the survival and the durability of the hottest components; also, performances and emissions are related to its efficiency.

Main aim of the system is to prevent cracks and thermal fatigue stress in base engine components: head and block first of all; for these components, a fluid core (cooling jacket) surrounds the hot surfaces related to the combustion and has to be designed as a main component of the system.