Titanium clouds wreak havoc on “hot Jupiter” exoplanet’s climate

Exoplanets are a constant source of surprise and wonder. The skies of HAT-P-7b are decorated with clouds made of ruby and sapphire, KELT-9b is hotter than most stars, and now astronomers have noticed something strange about a gas giant called WASP-19b. In the upper atmosphere of this “hot Jupiter” sits a layer of titanium oxide, which has flipped the usual atmospheric temperature structure on its head.