All - The Ui Briuin Ai in the north and the Ui Maine in the south.
The O'Connor (Don) were kings, the MacDermott and the O'Kelly were princes.
Lords included O'Feenaghty, O'Flannagan, O'Flynn, O'Glennon.
Other chieftains included O'Monaghan, MacBrennan, MacKeogh, O'Beirne,
O'Connelan, O'Hanley, O'Maol Conroy, O'Mulrenin, O'Norton. The
Clanricarde Burkes held a large territory here in the wake of the Norman
invasion.

Athlone - O'Kelly were princes of Ui Maine, Athlone being part
of the territory. O'Fallon is cited as a chief in the parishes of Dysart
and Camma. O'Fallon was known as Lord of Crioch-na-g-Cedach and chiefs of
Clan Uadach. MacKeogh is cited as Lords of Magh Finn (Moyfinn), known as MacKeoghs
country. O'Maoilbrighde (O'Mulbride) is cited as a chief in the barony of
Athlone. The O'Naughton (O'Naghten) became Chief of the Fews here after
coming to Athlone from Loughrea, Galway following the coming of the Normans. A
Murray sept was centered in Ballymurry.

Ballintober North and South - The O'Monoghans were lords of the
Three Tuathas who in 866 were chiefs of Ui Briuin na Sionna in the
barony of Ballintober, until the year 1249. The O'Beirnes
are said to have overthrown the O'Monaghans of Tir Briuin in the
13th century. The O'Hanleys were later chiefs of Cinel Dobhtha
(Doohie Hanley), a territory comprising most of the baronies.
The O'Feeney sept were located in Ballintober
North. The O'Mooneys were chiefs of Clan Murthuile, a district in
Ballintober. The district nearly co-extensive with Ballintober North
was referred to as Baghna (for Sliabh Bagna, aka Slievebaune).

Ballymoe - O'Concheanainn (O'Concannon) were chiefs of the
Ui Diarmada in the baronies Ballymoe and Roscommon. The
O'Finnachta (O'Feenaghty) were chiefs here and in barony of
Ballymoe in Co. Galway.

Boyle - O'Monoghan of the Three Tuathas are noted early here. The O'Beirnes
were said to have overthrown the O'Monaghans of Tir Briuin in the
13th century. A MacManus seat of power was cited in ancient Tir Tuathail
[Maoilgairbh] in the parish of Kilronan. O'Mullaney is given in this
barony near Co. Sligo. The MacDermots were princes here in a district which
was part of the territory of Moylurg and which also included Tirerrill
in Co. Sligo. Mac Riabhaigh (e.g. MacGreevy) is given as a chief of Moylurg
before the MacDermotts. A chief residence of the O'Duigenan family, of
Four Masters fame, was in northern parish of Kilronan.

Castlereagh - The O'Flynns were chiefs of Siol Maolruain, with their
territory based west of Castlerea and south of Airteach. O'Flynn's
country was the entire present parish of Kiltullagh, and part of Kilkeevin
parish.

Frenchpark - The Ciarrage groups here were the early lords of
Airteach. Mac Donagh is cited as later lords of Airtech. The O'Flanagan here
were hereditary stewards to the Kings of Connacht.

Moycarn - MacGilla Finnagain (O'Finnegan), along with O'Kenny, was a chief
of Clan Laithemhain, also called Muintir Cionaith (Kenny), a district in
the barony.

Roscommon - Mag Oireachtaigh (Mac Geraghty) is cited here as chief
of Clan Tomaltaigh and Muintir Roduiv. O'Monoghan of the Three Tuathas held
sway here and in the baronies of Ballintober and Boyle. The O'Fidhne
(O'Feeney) were also located here. The O'Mulconroys were hereditary
historians and bards were centered here. The O'Mulrenan sept are cited
as chief of Clan Conor, and descending from the Clan Cathail.

Misc - The MacBrennans (later O'Brennan) and O'Mulvihills are
documented as chiefs of Corca Achlann from the time of Ona in about
460 A.D. until 1526. This district adjoined Cinel Dobhtha in the barony
of Roscommon. The O'Dreans are anciently listed as chiefs of Calry in
north Roscommon. The MacDermot Roe sept are cited here with their seat
at Kilronan.

All - Anciently inhabited by the Naganate with their capital of Naganata claimed
to be near to present Sligo town. In the 8th century the territories of the
Ui Ailella and Luigne are noted. It was afterwards held by the O'Conor
(Sligo) clan. The O'Hara, O'Dowd, Mac Donagh and Mac Ferbis families were
also heads of septs here. After the coming of the Normans the de Burgo
(Burke) family became prominent. Sligo was considered part of the "county"
of Connaught until the 11th of Elizabeth when it became a separate county.

Carbury - Named for Cinel Cairbre (Carbri, son of Niall of the
Nine Hostages), e.g. O'Mulclohy served as chiefs.
O'Carroll, chief of Calraighe (Calry parish). O'Boland of
Drumcliff were also here. O'Finn of Sligo served as chiefs of Calry near
Lough Gill, which included part of Calry parish, as well as the parishes of
Drumlease and Killargy in Co. Leitrim.

Coolavin - The sept of O'Gara were given as Lord of Cuil Obh-Finnm
(Coolavin) and of Sliabh Lugta which was part of the barony of Costello in
Co. Mayo, where they had spread in the 13th century. O'Gara was seated at
Moygara castle.

Corran - The Mac Donagh, descended from Mac Dermot, were Lords of
Corran and Lords of Tireril. An O'Devlin sept were Ui Fiachrach chiefs
centered here. After the 13th century the Welsh family of Taafe is found here as
Earls of Carlingford, one family centered at Ballymote.

Leyny - 964 AD, Ua Gadhra (O'Gara), King of Luighne, with their base in the
south of the barony. Alternately, the O'hEaghra (O'Hara), with their base
in the north were chiefs and lords of Luighni from the 12th to the 17th
century. Anciently Luigne (Leiney) also comprised the baronies of
Costello and Gallen in Co. Mayo.

Tireragh - The O'Dubhda (O'Dowd) of the Ui Fiachrach Muaide
were princes in this area. O'Mangan is cited as chief of Breach Magh,
the parish of Kilmoremoy. O'Boland was centered at Doonalton. O'Colman and
(O) Feeney are cited early here as branches of the Ui Fiachrach.

Tirerril - In the 8th century this was part of the territory of Ui
Aillela. MacDermot, princes of Moylurg and hereditary marshalls of
Connaught held sway over this area in later times. The Mac Donagh, descended from Mac Dermot,
were lords of Corran or Tireril. The Mac Dermotts are cited as kings of Tirerill.

Misc - Killanley, parish of Castleconnor - MacAuliffe of the Hy Fiachrach.
The O'Hara were chiefs in two areas of Sligo, Collooney and Ballyhara.

All - Anciently inhabited by the Coriondi according to one Ptolemy translation.
In the 5th century the south of the county was known as Magh Femin,
afterwards North Desie, with the chiefs centered at Cashel. The
Butler family were Earls of Ormonde and owned much of the
county from the 13th century. The County of Tipperary in the 13th Century extended
as far north as Birr in County Offaly and embraced this larger territory until l605
when the O'Carroll areas of Ballybritt and Clonlisk were separated and
annexed to Offaly by King James.

Clanwilliam - The O'Cuircs (O'Quirkes) were noted
here in the 11th and 12th centuries as kings of Muscraige Cuirc, sometimes
called O'Quirkes Country. The O'Heffernans are cited here after being
displaced by the Ryans from Owney and Owneybeg baronies.

Eliogarty - O'Fogartaigh (O'Fogarty) were chiefs of Hy Fogarta,
the territory about Thurles which also had been known as Eoghanacht.
They were also know as Kings of Ely, ruling over southern Ely, while
Cearbhal, the O'Carrols of Ely, ruled over northern Ely. O'Spealain is
given as a chief of Ui Luighdeach before the rise of the O'Dwyers
when they moved on into Cork and Kerry. Following
the 12th century the Purcells were Barons of Loughmoe here.

Iffa and Offa (East) - formerly known as Trián Cluana Meala, or
Clonmel-third, the ancient region of Mag Femin was included in this barony.

Iffa and Offa (West) - noted here in early times were Clann Fothaidh, aka Ui Fathaidh.

Ikerrin - Anciently called Hy Kerrin (Ui Cairin). O Meachair (O'Meagher)
is cited as chief of Ui Cairin, a division of Éile (Ely). Cearbhal, or O'Carroll,
of Ely were princes of Ely which comprised much of the baronies of
Ikerrin and Eilogaty as well as Clonlesk in Co. Offaly.

Kilnamanagh (Lower) - A chief seat of O Duibhir
(O'Dwyer), chief of Ui Amhrith. Kilnamanagh may have been formed
from the old half-baronies of Kilnalongurty and Ileigh, aka Ely O'Fogarty.

Kilnamanagh (Upper) - A chief seat of O Duibhir
(O'Dwyer), chief of Ui Amhrith. O'Spealain (O'Spillane) is given as a
chief of Ui Luighdeach (of Eile) before the rise of the O'Dwyers when they
moved on into Cork and Kerry.

Middlethird - The territory named Tuath Corcu Áthrach Ele is noted here
in ancient times. A former name of the barony was Trián-Meadhonach, from which, Middlethird.
The Eoganacht Caisil were early lords and princes of Munster (e.g. MacCarthy, O'Sullivan)
in this territory until the coming of the Normans.

Owney and Arra - O'Cuillen (O'Cullen or Collins) were cited as chief
of Eoghanacht Aradh. Mac Eochaid (MacKeogh) were cited as chief of
Uaithni Tire, or Owney, which also included the barony of Owneybeg in Co.
Limerick. The O'Maoilriain (O'Mulryan or O'Ryan) were cited as chiefs of
'Owney Mulryan' which included both Owney and Owneybeg. Another sept here
included Mac Ui Bhrian (Mac I Brien), lords of Owney and Arra, their
territory anciently referred to as Aradh Cliach and acquired from the
O'Donegans around 1300. O'hIfearnain (O'Heffernan)
is cited as chief of Uaithne Cliach here prior to the Ryans. The 'Book of Rights'
cites the "four tribes of Owney" as O'Heffernan, MacKeogh, O Loingsigh (Lynch)
and O'Calahan.

Ormond (Lower) - Ormond comes from 'East Munster'. The pre-Norman
territory in both the Ormond baronies was known as Muscraige Thire, held
by the O'Kennedy clan. O'Hogan was seated here at Ardcony.
An O'Donnelly sept is also cited as originating
here. The O'Lonergans were driven south (toward Caher) by the Butlers
in the 14th century. The Butlers became the powerful Earls of Ormonde.

Ormond (Upper) - The O'Mearaidhe (O'Meara) clan held extensive
territories (Ui Fahy) anciently here, centered at Toomyvara. The Dalcassian
Ó hÓgáin (Hogan) sept are cited here with extensive territory as Chiefs of Croich Cian.
The O Cinneide (O'Kennedy) were chiefs of Glen Omra and princes of Ormond.
They were of the Dalcassian septs from Clare and held their rank from
the 12th to the 16th century.

Slievardagh - Corcoran is cited as chief in the parish of
Killenaule prior to the late 12th century.

Misc - MacCorcoran is cited to be chief of Clan Ruainni. O'Duinechair
(Dannaher) is given as hereditary chiefs of Eoghanacht Uaithne Ageamar.
O'Riada (O'Reidy) is given as King of Aradh.

All - Ancient inhabitants were ascribed to the Scoti or the Erdini.
Airgialla people such as the Ui Cremthainn were overlords in some of this
territory prior to the arrival of the northern Ui Neill. By the 6th century
the area become part of Cineal Eoghain, later referred to as Tir Eoghan
(Owen), where the Ui Neill dynasty of Kings and lords were
centered.

Clogher - The territory of Cinel Feradhaigh is noted here with
Clann Cathmaoil, the MacCawells (later Caulfield? or Campbell), cited
with patrimonial inheritance. The forbears of the MacGiolla Mahrtain
(Gilmartin) were chiefs in the barony of Clogher.

Dungannon (Lower) - The O'Devlin family served as Lords of Muintir
Devlin.

Dungannon (Middle) - The O'Donnelly seat of power was located
here at Ballydonelly castle, later called Castle Caulfield.

Dungannon (Upper) - The stone chair used to proclaim the O'Neill
princes was here. The O'hAodhagain (O'Hagan) sept, inaugurators of the
O'Neill kings of Ulster were centered here as a chief in Tulachog in the
parish of Desertcreat. An O'Kelly was chief of Cineal Eachaidh or Corca
Eachaidh, probably "Corcaghee," in the barony of Dungannon.

Omagh (East) - The McGuirk family is cited as eranaghs in the parish
of Termonmaguirk.

Omagh (West) - An O'Corry sept is noted here.

Strabane (Lower) - The territory of the O'Gormley's extended into the west of this barony.

Strabane (Upper) - O'Donegan or Dongan, MacMurchadh or MacMorough, O'Farrell or Freel, and MacRory or MacRogers, chiefs of Tealach Ainbith and of Muintir Birn, districts in the baronies of Dungannon and Strabane. Part of O'Cahan's country extended into this barony. An O'Lunney sept is also noted here.

Misc - O'Connellan, chief of Crioch Tullach. O'Cooney, along with
O'Bailey are cited as chief of Clan Fergus among the clans of Tir Eoghan.
O'Meallain is cited as chiefs of Siol Aodha-Eanaigh in the 12th century,
their lands known as O'Mellon's country. The O'hInneirghe (O'Henery or O'Henry)
sept was noted as chiefs of Cullentra in Co. Tyrone whose territory at one time
extended to the valley of Glenconkeine in Co. Derry. The MacRuaidhrí
(e.g. MacCreery, McRory) family were anciently styled chiefs of
Tellach Ainbhith & Muintir Birn. O'Duvany, Oh-Aghmaill or O'Hamil, and
O'Heitigen or Magettigan, chiefs of three districts called Teallach Cathalain,
Teallach Duibhbrailbe, and Tealach Braenain.

All - Prior to the Norman invasion the O'Bric and O'Phelan
(O'Whelan) septs were chiefs in the Decies, as Waterford was
previously known as (and still referred to). The le Poer (Power)
family, of Norman origin, held sway after receiving the county
as a grant in 1177.

Coshmore & Coshbride - major surnames among landowners in
the mid-19th century included Ahern, Barry, Keane, Tobin, Walsh. The Desmond
Fitzgeralds built a number of castles here in the 15th century.

Decies within Drum - O'Bric, lords of south Desi, later driven
out by the Eugenians of Desmond. Deiseach may have been an area here
from which the Deasey clan originated. O'Cein or O'Kean were centered
here as chiefs of Hy Fodhladha on the borders of Waterford and
Tipperary. The le Poer (Power) family held much of the baronies of
Decies and Upperthird.

Decies without Drum - The O’Neills of Magh da chonn were
centered in the Decies.

All - O'Conallain (O'Connellan or O'Kendellan)
were princes of Ui Laeghari or "Ive-Leary", an extensive territory
in the counties of Meath & Westmeath. The O'Maolconrys (O'Conry)
were chiefs of Teffia (or Westmeath) when they crossed the Shannon
in the 10th century receiving lands from the O'Connor kings of Connacht.
MacConmedha (MacConway) is cited as a principal chief of Teffia, in
Muintir Laodagain. Teffia formed a greater portion of the ancient
kingdom of Meath. In later times a large part of the county came to be
referred as Dillon's country.

Brawny - The O'Breen were lords of Breaghmaine, a former name for Brawny.
The O'Malone sept had large territory here, and were known as barons of Clan Malone
and barons Sunderlin.

Clonlonan - The Sinnach (later Fox) O'Catharniagh family were
chiefs in this territory which also included Rathconlan and the barony
of Kilkcourcy in Co. Offaly. They were named for Catharniagh, the head
prince of Teffia, and the O'Kearneys were of this clan. Anciently,
the Mac Auleys were chiefs of Calraidhean-Chala in the parish
of Ballyloughloe. The O Daliagh (O'Daly) sept is cited as
chiefs of Teffia with territory here. Septs noted here in the 12th century included
Ua Cairbre (O'Carbury) of Tuath Buada and Ua Braoin (O'Breen) of Conmaicne.

Corkaree - O'Hindradhain (O'Hanrahan) are given as chiefs of
Corcaraidhe or Corco Roíde, from which the name of the barony derives.

Delvin - In the 8th century this area is cited as Delbna Mór.
O'Fionnalain (Fenelon) are cited as lords of Delvin prior
to the arrival of the Normans. Sir Gilbert De Nogent became baron here
after the Norman Invasion, and the Nugent family were Barons of Delvin.

Farbill - The territory of Fir Bile is noted here in the 8th century. The
Ua hAinbheith (O'Hanfey) sept is noted here in the 12th century.

Fartullagh - O'Dubhlaich (O'Dooley), chiefs and lords of Fertullach
(Fir Tulach) up to the 12th century, subsequently forced by the O'Melaghlins
and the Tyrrells into the barony of Ballybritt in Co. Offaly.

Fore - The Ua Maoil Tuile (MacTullys) are noted here as evidenced by the name
of Tullystown, anciently included as part of Uí Maic Uais Mide. Ua Maoil Challan
(Mulholland) of Delbna Bec is cited here in the 12th century.

Kilkenny West - The territory of Conmaicne Bec is noted here very early.
The O'Tolairg (O'Toler) name is cited as chief of Quirene, a former name of this barony.

Moycashel - The Mag Eochagain (MacGeoghegan) sept were chiefs of
Cinel Fiacha or Cenél Fiachach (Kinalea) who were centered here, as well as parts of
Rathconrath and Fartullagh. The Cenél nÉnna septs of Ua Braonain (O'Brennan) of Creeve
and Mac Ruairc (Mac Rourke) of Teallach-Conmasa were noted here in the 12th
century.

Moyashel & Magheradernon - The O'Dalaigh (O'Daly) clan of Corco Adaim
was anciently centered in the barony of Magheradernon. Ua Donnchadha
(O'Donoghue) of Tellach Modharain is noted here in the 12th century. The Norman family
of Tuite is given as barons of Moyashel after the 12th century.

Moygoish - MacEvoy was chief here in a territory called
Ui Mac Uas. O'Hennesy, chief of Ui Mac Uas, ruled after the
MacEvoys. An O'Curry family is also cited as chiefs here. The O'Harts
(Ua hAirt), a sept of Síl nÁedo Sláine, were noted here in the 12th century.

Rathconrath - Mac Aodha (MacGee) of Muintir Tlámáin is
noted here and in Moyashel in the 12th century. It was later referred
to as Dalton's country, the Norman family of Dalton were Lords of
Rathconrath following the 12th century. A Donegan sept is cited here in the 17th
century.

Misc - O'Convally are found alongside Quinn, O'Kearney and
O'Loughnan as principal chiefs in Teffia. O'Scoladihe (O'Scully) is
found anciently centered in Co. Westmeath until the Norman invasion.
The O'Shaughlin family is noted here in the parish of Dysart.
Mac Carrgamhna (Mac Caron or Gaffney) of Muintir Mailsinna as well as
Mac Con Meadha (MacConway) of Muintir Laoghachain are noted in west
Co. Westmeath / south Co. Longford in the 12th century. The
medieval cantred of Ardnurcher consisted of the Irish territories of Fear Ceall and Cineal Fiachach.
In the 13th century the north-eastern portion of this territory became known as Kineleagh of the
Mageoghegans (now the barony of Moycashel).

All - The ancient territory of Ui Ceinnsealaigh, in English Hy Kinsella, included
nearly all of Wexford and Carlow, with parts of Wicklow and Kilkenny
counties included. The MacMurroughs were Kings of Leinster centered here
prior to the coming of the Normans.

Ballaghkeen (North) - The Murphys of Ui Felmeda Thes are noted very early
here. The Siol Mella sept of the Ui Cheinnselaig, as well as the Cenel Cobthaig, are noted
here in the very north.

Ballaghkeen (South) - The Murphys of "Ui Felmeda Thes" are noted very early
here.

Bantry - O'Cosgraidh (O'Coskry or O'Cosgrave) is given as an early chief of
Benntraige, a former name of this barony.

Bargy - The name of the barony preserves the older tribal name of the Uí Bairrche Tire,
who occupied this area from the 7th century or before. The Cambro-Norman Keating family are noted as barons of Kilmananan. The Synnott family is noted here and in Forth following the
Norman invasion.

Forth - O Lorcain (Larkin) is cited as chief of Fotharta in Charin prior
to the 13th century. At that time it was granted to settlers such as
the Redmond family, said to descend from a chief Cambro-Norman invader,
Raymond le Gros.

Gorey - The Ui Dega territory is noted very early here, as well as the Cenel Flaitheamhain.
The Ui Enechglaiss are noted in the very north. "The Kinsellaghs" territory was centered here, a family related to the MacMurroughs and the Kavanaghs of the Ui Cheinnselaig.

Scarawalsh - The ancient seat of the Uí Cheinnselaig at Ferns
was located here. Held by the Sil Chormaic branch, it was taken by the related
Síl Fáelchán (Mac Murrough) branch in the mid 11th century.

Shelburne - O'Duibhgan (O'Duggan) is cited as chiefs here. The barony
name is derived from the sept of the Siol mBrain, meaning descendants of Bran. An
Uí Cuilinn (O'Cullen) sept is noted here near the parish of Tintern.

Shelmaliere (East) - Appears to take its name from Siol Máeluidir, an
Uí Cheinnselaig sept of which the O'Hartleys descend. The Roche and Sinnott families are noted
here following the Cambro-Norman invasion.

Shelmaliere (West) - Appears to take its name from Siol Máeluidir, of Ferann Na Cenel,
an Uí Cheinnselaig sept.

Misc - Murchada (Murphy) comes from a prince of east Wexford,
the chief known as "The O'Morchoe" and seated at Oulartleagh. Murphy
is also found in Muskerry, Co. Cork. The de Valences faimly are later
given as lords of Wexford.

All - The O'Byrnes, O'Tooles and McMurroughs were prominent Gaelic
families in Wicklow, the former two driven here from Kildare after the
Norman invasion.

Arklow - The Uí Garrchon in the north and the Uí Enechglaiss in the south
are noted here from about the 7th century. This was part of O'Byrnes country after the 12th century, referred to in Gaelic as Crioch Branach.

Ballinacor (North) - In the heart of the Wicklow Mountains, the O'Byrne sept originally of Kildare, were centered near here after the 12th century and included the territory of Gabhal Raghnaill.

Ballinacor (South) - O'Byrne, originally of Kildare, were centered near here
after the 12th century and included the territory of Gabhal Raghnaill.

Newcastle - The Uí Theig (O'Tighe), cousins to the Uí Máil, are noted
early here, as well as the Uí Braen Deilgni, a branch of the Uí Garrchon.
This was part of O'Byrnes country after the 12th century, referred to in Gaelic as
Crioch Branach.

Rathdown - The Uí Briuin Cualann are noted very early here, with their territory extending
into southern County Dublin.

Shillelagh - Derived from Siol Elaigh, meaning descendants of Ealach.
O'Dunlaing (O'Dowling) was noted as a chief of Síl n-Elathaig, a branch of the Síl Mella .
The O'Tooles were driven here in the late 12th century, following the
Cambro-Norman invasion.

Talbotstown (Lower) - O'Ceallaigh (O'Kelly) of Cualan were also known as chiefs
of Hy Maile and their neighbors were the O'Tooles who were driven here across
the border of Kildare in the late 12th century by the Normans.

Talbotstown (Upper) - The Uí Máil were centered here from the 7th century.
The O'Tooles were driven here in the late 12th century.