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Tuesday, 22 January 2013

I
was born in the small town of Newark,Ohio, now a suburb of Columbus. The year
was 1943.

2) What is your first memory of radio?

So
my first memory of radio was during the last 10 years of its life as a so-called
"full service" media. Rather than the formats of music, news or talk as it is
today, beginning in the 1930s through the late 1950s, most radio stations
followed this schedule:

(1)
Morning show with entertainment and news and guests (like the Today show on
TV)

(2)
Soap operas, shows for women (it was assumed that the man of the house was
working and the wife who stayed at home as a home maker would want to be
entertained and informed by issues of family, fashion, food, child-rearing,
etc.)

(3)
Kid shows in the mid-afternoon to entertain the kids, shows like the Lone Ranger
and Superman.

(4)
News at 5 or 6 for dad when he came home from work

(5)
family shows, like TV today, game and quiz shows, mysteries, drama, comedy,
cowboy, music, only without the pictures.

By
1960 all of these shows had moved from radio to television and radio became a
delivery vehicle for popular music.

So
I was a typical radio listener and I listened daily, I had my favorite shows.
This experience led me to want to understand how the radio worked from a
technical point of view so I did tear apart many old sets to see the parts, and
I went to the library often and checked out books on how radio worked. I was
also reading books on the radio industry, what went on at a radio station,
careers in radio, thinking about my future beyond that of a
kid.

3)
How many years did you work in radio industry and what are the best memories of
that time?

So
when I graduated from High School in 1960 I attended Ohio University as a
Radio-TV-Film major and immediately I began working for the college station,
WOUB-AM. (There was a small FM version but in 1960 AM was the dominant
technology and most AM stations used their FM transmitters to carry the
programming of the AM channel. In 1960 radio we had one foot in the past and
because of rock and roll music's popularity we saw a different future for
radio.) At WOUB I was a news reporter and a disc jockey, the latter was my
preference and would be my future. I was so interested in radio that I neglected
to attend classes so I flunked out. By then I was working at the local Athens,
Ohio commercial radio station, WATH.

After
a few years in Athens, I applied for and received a job at the big Columbus,
Ohio top-40 station, "The New WCOL." This was an important era (the 1960s) for
AM top-40 radio, and I worked there for 10 years (1963-1973) as a DJ, program
director, production director. It was the most exciting time to be in radio, the
DJs were important, we were connected to the listeners, the music industry, and
in a way that has not happened since. Then the local top-40 station had over 50%
of the audience, unheard of today, and then there was no competition from
Internet, satellite, even FM was carrying the same audio as their AM main
stations. All of this popularity of radio was helped by the Beatles and other
British groups, and in America it was Motown. It was the
music.

But
working a radio station - even a popular one, even when you believed you were a
big "star," was getting to be routine, boring, not so real. I was in my mid 20s
and I did not think I was good enough to be a major radio star and I did not
really care for an industry based on selling things to people that they mostly
didn't need. Plus by the late 1960s there was a whole world of music out there
that didn't fit the 3 minute top-40 format.

Meanwhile
I had unfinished business - College. When I moved to Columbus for WCOL, I lived
right on North High St, the Ohio State University neighborhood. I applied and
began to attend part time and by 1973 I had received a BA in Speech and an MA in
film. In 1974 I left radio behind and moved to LA, living first in Hollywood
then Venice, and besides working for a documentary film company I began to teach
part time at a college. I liked it, I eventually (1988) received a tenure track
job at San Jose State University. It was here where I am now the Associated Dean
of the College of Humanities and the Arts that I came full circle. I was hired
to teach radio, TV and Film, but I was also hired to be the faculty advisor to
KSJS-FM, and I am still advisor today, 25 years later. In the back of my mind I
always remembered how satisfying the college radio experience was, so I still
have it. With commercial radio experience behind me, I returned to college
radio, but in charge. To be continued

Sunday, 6 January 2013

Keith Somerville is an expert of media in Africa and he accepted this interview.

1)
When and where were you born? Where did you study?

I was
born in Chiswick, London, in January 1957; I studied at St Clement Danes Grammar
School, the University of Southampton and then carried out research in
International Politics at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. Later, I
passed a postgraduate teaching certificate at Brunel University.

2)
What is your first memory of a radio?

My first clear memory is
the start of BBC Radio One when I was ten. Pop music all day long. I now cannot
work without music on in the background.

28 years - I joined the
BBC in March 1980 and worked for 8 years monitoring foreign radio stations (from
the UK and then from southern Africa) and then moved to the BBC World Service as
a radio producer and then moved on to producing and presenting documentaries and
then editing programmes. I also had spells on the Africa desk at BBC online news
and finally worked for the BBC College of Journalism. I now teach journalism and
humanitarian communications at the University of Kent and run my own website on
Africa: Africa - News and Analysis.

4)
How did you get the idea of writing your book about radio propaganda? and how
long time did you need to write it?

It developed over a long
time. I was running a live programme on air at the BBC when news came though
that the President of Rwanda had been killed on 6 April 1994 and then followed
the course of the genocide and use of radio. This added to my awareness from
monitoring radio of its use for propaganda. When I started in academia it was
soon after the post-election violence in Kenya in 2008 and it, too, involved the
use of radio to spread hatred. At that stage I started investigating hate radio
in Kenya. I started writing the book and doing archive research of Nazi radio
and Serb/Croat radio in early 90s. The writing started in late 2010 and I
finished writing the book in January 2012. I am now writing a history of Africa
since 1974.

5)
What is your opinion about digital radio?

It adds to the mix of delivery forms
available but stations are ditching short-wave too soon - especially the BBC
World Service in its broadcasting to Africa.

6)
Do you think that Al-Jazeera is "stealing" audience from BBC World Service in
Africa (or in the world, generally)?

It is competing, I
wouldn't say stealing. It has very good coverage of West and North Africa and adds
to the rich mix of broadcasting and online news and comment that is available.
It has an appeal in parts of Africa because it is not a Western media group and
comes from a different viewpoint, though a very valid one.

7)
Do you think that, in a world full of information (blogs, tweets, etc..)
mainstream media like BBC are still useful?

I would say even more
important as much new and social media like Twitter are unverified and in many
ways unverifiable. You still need to know where key news is coming from and that
is has been checked. It puts a greater onus on broadcasters like to the BBC to
be right rather than just first.