Have you declared the system variable JBOSS_HOME? You should either declare this environment variable to point to the installation directory of your AS like D:\programs\jbossAS7.1.2.SNAPSHOT or create an arquillian.xml within the src/test/resources folder with the content:

You're using the jboss-as-managed contianer and not the jboss-as-remote container. The difference is the managed require jbossHome set in arquillian.xml to know how to start it. But if you start it your self outside the test and use the remote container, you don't need jbossHome.