CoPS/IMPACT Working Paper Number G-208

Title: How fast is population ageing in China?

Authors: Yinhua mai, Xiujian Peng and Wei Chen

Abstract

Using adjusted 2000 population census data, this paper conducts China's population
projections to 2050. Three fertility and four mortality scenarios yield 12 sets of
results. Despite the below-replacement fertility, China's population will continue
growing for many years. However, there are substantial differences among the twelve
scenarios. The maximum population could range from less than 1.4 billion to more than 1.6
billion. One of the notable trends is the rapid population ageing. By the end of 2050
more than one-fifth to one-third of China's population would be aged 65 and over.
Demographic dividend is expected to continue in next 10 to 20 years depending on future
fertility which in turn is determined by the changes in China's one-child policy. The
Chinese government should be aware of all possible situations of population changes and
particularly population ageing in the first half of the century and well prepared for all
possible challenges they may arise.