Retinal detachmentRetinal detachment or detachment of the inner, light-sensitive layer of the eye from its supporting structures in the inner eye, is a serious eye problem that may occur at any age. It is more prevalent in the near-sighted or those with a history of retinal detachment in their family.

Causes and Types

Most retinal detachments are caused by one or more small tears or holes in the retina.

Complications due to diabetes, severe inflammation or tumours can also cause retinal detachment.

A hard blow to the eye may also cause the retina to detach.

Signs and Symptoms

Sudden appearance of black spots called floaters, in front of the eye.

Flashes of light in the field of vision indicates shrinking of the vitreous, a jelly like substance that fills the eye. This can lead to tears in the retina.

Dull vision overall or dark shadows in some parts of the side vision.

A total loss of vision can mean complete retinal detachment.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Examining the inside of the eye with an ophthalmoscope can detect the problem.

Retinal detachment cannot be cured by medicines, it can only be treated through surgery.

Sometimes if there is a localised retinal detachment, other forms of therapy like cryotherapy, which involves sealing the retinal tears by freezing, may also be useful.

Laser can also be used, alone or in combination with surgery, for the purpose.

Surgery can be performed for retinal detachment in two ways. Externally, called scleral buckling and internally, called vitreo retinal surgery.

Even after a successful retinal surgery, you may regain only 50% to 60% of useful vision, depending upon the general status of the retina, the duration of the period the retina was detached before surgery, and the presence of any post-surgical complications.

Preventive Measures

Early symptoms of retinal tear should be taken seriously.

A routine check-up of the retina every 6 months is recommended in high-risk cases like those with diabetes, short-sight, long-sight or a family history of retinal tears and detachment.