Subfamily systematics controversal. Cabrera (1925) proposed a division into five subfamilies, Yates (1984), Hutterer (1993a), and others used three subfamilies. Includes also the extinct Gaillardiinae Hutchison, 1968. Scalopinae is used here as a subfamily, contra Hutchison (1968) and others. Desmana and Galemys were often placed in a separate family, Desmanidae, or subfamily, Desmaninae; see Bobrinskii et al. (1965), and McKenna and Bell (1997). The present arrangement of subfamilies and tribes is mainly based on the genetic study of Shinohara et al. (2003). It deviates from the previous edition (Hutterer, 1993a) and from most other sources. Family reviewed by Gureev (1979); see also Gorman and Stone (1990). Relationships of recent moles discussed by Ziegler (1971), Yates and Moore (1990), Whidden (1990), and Shinohara et al. (2003). Systematics of North American forms reviewed by Yates and Greenbaum (1982); of Palearctic forms by Corbet (1978c); of Siberian forms by Yudin (1989); of Japanese forms by Abe (1988), Motokawa and Abe (1996), Motokawa et al. (2001b), Okamoto (1999), and Tsuchiya et al. (2000). Phylogeny of Urotrichini discussed by Storch and Qiu (1983). Skull morphology described by Koppers (1990), myology by Whidden (1990, and references therein). Karyotype data reviewed by Yates and Schmidly (1975) and Kawada et al. (2002b).