1. Since all these appeals relate to identical question, they are taken up
for disposal by this common judgment.

2. The basic issue is when the market value of goods under export is much
less than the amount of drawback claimed, whether such goods can be confiscated
for violation of the provisions of the Customs Act, 1962 (in short the 'Act').
In the matters relating to CA No.4559-4561 of 2002, the respondent had sent a
consignment to the export shed of ICD, TKD, New Delhi for exporting the same
under claim for duty drawback.

On the basis of intelligence, Directorate of Revenue, Intelligence (in short
'DRI') detained the consignment. It was, prima facie, noted that the goods did
not appear as per description, quantity and value disclosed in the bills. The
consignments of the respondents were examined on different dates by DRI.

3. Consignment of R1 was examined by DRI on 7.1.1999 &

12.1.1999, Consignment of R2 was examined by DRI on 18.1.1999 &
25.1.1999, Consignment of R3 was examined by DRI on 14.1.1999 & 08.02.1999.

4. The Commissioner of Customs directed confiscation of all the goods under
Section 113(d) and (i) of the Act and allowed to redeem of the same on payment
of fine of Rs.10,00,000/-, disallowed the export of readymade garments and
claim of drawback. No penal action was invoked as DRI contemplated to seek
separate adjudication in respect of the penal clause provided under the Act.
Appeals were preferred before the Customs, Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate
Tribunal (in short 'CEGAT') which allowed the appeals holding that there was no
power of confiscation and there was no material placed to record to suggest
that the goods did not correspond to any material entry made in the bills and
the correctness of the FOB and description of the goods specified in the bills
had not been disputed.

5. In support of the appeal learned counsel for the appellant submitted that
Section 113(1) (d) and & (c) apply as they deal with three types of goods
i.e. excisable goods, prohibited goods and goods entered for exportation.
Respondents attempted to export old and used readymade garments etc which is
not permissible under Rule 3 of the Drawback Rules. The market value was less
than duty drawback which was not admissible under Section 76(1)(b) of the Act.
CEGAT has erroneously interpreted the provisions of Section 113(d) and (c) of
the Act.

The contents of the show-cause notice were not properly analysed.

6. Learned counsel for the respondent on the other hand supported the order
of the CEGAT.

7. It is to be noted that in view of the divergence of opinion between the
several benches of the CEGAT, matter was referred to a larger bench and the
larger bench decision was assailed by the assessee in the concerned case.
Before this Court in Om Prakash Bhati v. Commissioner of Customs, Delhi (2003
(6) SCC 161) it was, inter alia, observed as follows:

"6. At the outset, we would state that the learned counsel for the
appellant has not pressed for the drawback in view of specific provision of
Section 76 which inter alia provides that no drawback shall be allowed
"(b) in respect of any goods the market-price of which is less than the
amount of drawback due thereon". Therefore, for the purpose of getting
drawback, relevant consideration is the market price of the goods prevailing in
the country and not the price of the goods which the exporter expects to
receive from the overseas purchaser.

7. Next -- as the order for confiscation of goods is passed by referring to
Section 113(d) of the Act, we would refer to the same. It reads as under:--
"113. Confiscation of goods attempted to be improperly exported etc.-- The
following export goods shall be liable to confiscation:-- (d) any goods
attempted to be exported or brought within the limits of any customs area for
the purpose of being exported, contrary to any prohibition imposed by or under
this Act or any other law for the time being in force."

8. The aforesaid Section empowers the authority to confiscate any goods
attempted to be exported contrary to any 'prohibition' imposed by or under the
Act or any other law for the time being in force. Hence, for application of the
said provision, it is required to be established that attempt to export the
goods was contrary to any prohibition imposed under any law for the time being
in force.

9. Further, Section 2(33) of the Act defines "prohibited goods" as
under:-- "prohibited goods" means any goods the import or export of
which is subject to any prohibition under this Act or any other law for the
time being in force but does not include any such goods in respect of which the
conditions subject to which the goods are permitted to be imported or exported
have been complied with."

10. From the aforesaid definition, it can be stated that (a) if there is any
prohibition of import or export of goods under the Act or any other law for the
time being in force, it would be considered to be prohibited goods; and (b)
this would not include any such goods in respect of which the conditions,
subject to which the goods are imported or exported, have been complied with.
This would mean that if the conditions prescribed for import or export of goods
are not complied with, it would be considered to be prohibited goods. This
would also be clear from Section 11 which empowers the Central Government to
prohibit either 'absolutely' or 'subject to such conditions' to be fulfilled
before or after clearance, as may be specified in the notification, the import
or export of the goods of any specified description. The notification can be
issued for the purposes specified in Sub-section (2). Hence, prohibition of
importation or exportation could be subject to certain prescribed conditions to
be fulfilled before or after clearance of goods. If conditions are not
fulfilled, it may amount to prohibited goods. This is also made clear by this
Court in Sheikh Mohd. Omer v. Collector of Customs, Calcutta and Ors. (1970 (2)
SCC 728) wherein it was contended that the expression 'prohibition' used in
Section 111 (d) must be considered as a total prohibition and that the
expression does not bring within its fold the restrictions imposed by Clause
(3) of the Import Control Order, 1955. The Court negatived the said contention
and held thus:-- "...What Clause (d) of Section 111 says is that any goods
which are imported or attempted to be imported contrary to "Any
prohibition imposed by any law for the time being in force in this
country" is liable to be confiscated. "Any prohibition"

referred to in that section applies to every type of
"prohibition". That prohibition may be complete or partial. Any
restriction on import or export is to an extent a prohibition. The expression
"any prohibition" in Section 111(d) of the Customs Act, 1962
includes restrictions.

Merely because Section 3 of the Imports and Exports (Control) Act, 1947,
uses three different expressions "prohibiting",
"restricting" or "otherwise controlling", we cannot cut
down the amplitude of the word "any prohibition" in Section 111(d) of
the Act. "Any prohibition" means every prohibition. In other words
all types of prohibitions. Restriction is one type of prohibition. From item
(I) of Schedule I, Part IV to Import Control Order, 1955, it is clear that
import of living animals of all sorts is prohibited.

But certain exceptions are provided for.

But nonetheless the prohibition continues."

xxx

15. Apart from the aforesaid provision, for finding out the true export
value of the goods, Section 14 of the Act provides relevant procedure. Section
14 is to be read along with Section 2(41), which defines the word 'value'.

Section 2(41) reads as under:-- "Section 2(41) -- "value", in
relation to any goods, means the value thereof determined in accordance with
the provisions of Sub-section (1) of Section 14."

Thereafter, relevant part of Section 14 reads thus:-- "14. Valuation of
goods for purposes of assessment. -- (1) For the purposes of the Customs Tariff
Act, 1975 (51 of 1975) or any other law for the time being in force whereunder
a duty of customs is chargeable on any goods by reference to their value, the
value of such goods shall be deemed to be-- the price at which such or like
goods are ordinarily sold, or offered for sale, for delivery at the time and
place of importation or exportation, as the case may be, in the course of
international trade, where the seller and the buyer have no interest in the
business of each other and price is the sole consideration for the sale or
offer for sale:

Provided that such price shall be calculated with reference to the rate of
exchange as in force on the date on which a bill of entry is presented under
Section 46, or a shipping bill or bill of export, as the case may be, is
presented under Section 50;

(1A) Subject to the provisions of Sub- section (1), the price referred to in
that sub-section in respect of imported goods shall be determined in accordance
with the rules made in this behalf.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in Sub-section (1) or Sub-section
(1A) if the Central Government is satisfied that it is necessary or expedient
so to do, it may, by notification in the Official Gazette, fix tariff values
for any class of imported goods or export goods, having regard to the trend of
value of such or like goods, and where any such tariff values are fixed, the
duty shall be chargeable with reference to such tariff value.

(3) ..."

16. The aforesaid Section would be applicable for determining the value of
goods for the purpose of assessment of tariff under the Act or any other law
for the time being in force whereunder a duty of customs is chargeable on any
goods by reference to their value. In the present case, on export of goods in
question, no duty was payable under the Act. It was, therefore, contended that
there is no scope of application of Section 14 for determining the value of
goods by applying the criteria laid in the said Section. In our view, this
submission cannot be accepted. For determining the export value of the goods,
we have to refer to the meaning of the word 'value' given in Section 2(41) of
the Act, which specifically provides that value in relation to any goods means
the value thereof determined in accordance with the provisions of Sub-section
(1) of Section 14. Therefore, if the export value of the goods is to be
determined, then even if no duty is leviable, the method (mode) for determining
the value of the goods provided under Section 14 is required to be followed.

Section 14 specifically provides that in case of assessing the value for the
purpose of export, value is to be determined at the price at which such or like
goods are ordinarily sold or offered for sale at the place of exportation in
the course of international trade, where the seller and the buyer have no
interest in the business of each other and the price is the sole consideration
for sale. No doubt, Section 14 would be applicable for determining the value of
the goods for the purpose of tariff or duty of customs chargeable on the goods.
In addition, by reference it is to be resorted to and applied for determining
the export value of the goods as provide under Sub-section (41) of Section 2.

This is independent of any question of assessability of the goods sought to
be exported to duty. Hence, for finding out whether the export value is truly
stated in the shipping bill, even if no duty is leviable, it can be referred,
to for determining the true export value of the goods sought to be exported.

17. It is true that Section 50 of the Act inter alia provides that before
exporting the goods the exporter shall make entry thereof by presenting to the
proper officer in the case of goods to be exported, a shipping bill and a bill
of export in prescribed form. The Shipping Bill & Bill of Export (Form)
Regulations, 1991 inter alia prescribes the said form. After that form is
amended w.e.f. 15.6.2001, it is stated that exporter shall stated "Value -
FOB/PMV where applicable". We are not required to deal with this aspect in
this appeal as the goods were sought to be exported in the year 1998.

18. From the aforesaid provisions, mainly, Section 2(41) read with Section
14 of the Act and Section 18 of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973, it
is crystal clear that:-- (a) Exporter has to declare full export value of the
goods (sale consideration for the goods exported).

(b) Exporter has to affirm that the full export value of the goods will be
received in the prescribed manner.

(c) If the full export value of the goods is not ascertainable, the value
which the exporter expects to receive on the sale of the goods in the overseas
market.

(d) Exporter has to declare true or correct export value of the goods, that
is to say, correct sale consideration of the goods.

Criterion under Section 14 of the Act is the price at which such or other
goods are ordinarily sold or offered for sale in the course of international
trade where the seller and buyer have no interest in the business of each other
and the price is the sole consideration for sale or offer for sale.

19. To the same effect, Rule 11 of the Foreign Trade (Development and
Regulation) Rules, 1993 provides. This Rule is to be read along with Section
11(1) of the Foreign Trade (Development & Regulation) Act, 1992, which
inter alia provides that no export or import shall be made by any person except
in accordance with the provisions of this act, the rules and the orders made thereunder
and the export and import policy for the time being in force. Rule 11 reads
thus:-- "11. Declaration as to value and quality of imported goods.--On
the importation into, or exportation out of, any customs ports of any goods,
whether liable to duty or not, the owner of such goods shall in the bill of
entry or the shipping bill or any other documents prescribed under the Customs
Act, 1962 (52 of 1962), state the value, quality and description of such goods
to the best of his knowledge and belief and in case of exportation of goods,
certify that the quality and specification of the goods as stated in those
documents are in accordance with the terms of the export contract entered into
with the buyer or consignee in pursuance of which the goods are being exported
and shall subscribe to a declaration of the truth of such statement at the foot
of such bill of entry or shipping bill or any other documents."

20. Hence, in cases where the export value is not correctly stated, but
there is intentional over-invoicing for some other purpose, that is to say, not
mentioning true sale consideration of the goods, then it would amount to
violation of the conditions for import / export of the goods. The purpose may
be money laundering or some other purpose, but it would certainly amount to illegal/unauthorised
money transaction. In any case, over-invoicing of the export goods would result
in illegal/irregular transactions in foreign currency."

8. It would be appropriate for the CEGAT which had not considered the effect
of the larger bench judgment, which had approval of this Court in Om Parkash
case (supra) to rehear the appeals. We, therefore, set aside the order of the
CEGAT and remit the matter to it for fresh consideration keeping in view the
principles set out in the Om Parkash case (supra).

9. The appeals are allowed to the aforesaid extent.

C.A. Nos. 140-143 of 2004

10. The factual position is almost identical to those involved in C.A. Nos.
4559-4561 OF 2002 except that in the instant case the appellant had filed an
application for review which was rejected.

11. Following the view expressed in the connected civil appeals we allow
these appeals and remit the matter to CEGAT for fresh consideration. It is to
be noted that CEGAT is presently known as Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate
Tribunal.