Abstract:

This invention provides an element substrate having a heater selection
circuit normally operable even in the use of voltage conversion circuits,
which are arranged along the nozzle arrayed direction, each having a
small-area in order to reduce the area of the element substrate. The
element substrate according to this invention includes a heater selection
circuit, which receives a signal output from a voltage conversion
circuit, a block selection signal, and a print data signal, and generates
and outputs a signal for performing switching by a switching element.

Claims:

1. An element substrate having a plurality of heaters, and a plurality of
switching elements corresponding to the plurality of heaters, the
substrate comprising:an inverter which receives a print data signal,
inverts logic of the print data signal, and outputs an inverted signal;a
voltage conversion circuit which receives the inverted signal, inverts
logic of the inverted signal, converts a voltage of the logic-inverted
signal, and outputs the voltage-converted signal;a block selection
circuit which outputs a block selection signal for time-divisionally
driving the plurality of heaters for each block; andheater selection
circuits, arranged in correspondence with the plurality of switching
elements, which receive the signal output from said voltage conversion
circuit, the block selection signal, and the print data signal, and
output signals for performing switching by the plurality of switching
elements,wherein said voltage conversion circuit includes:an NMOS
transistor having a gate connected to an input terminal of the inverted
signal, and a source grounded; anda PMOS transistor, series-connected to
said NMOS transistor, which has a source connected to a power supply for
outputting a voltage for driving the plurality of switching elements, and
a gate and drain short-circuited, andeach of said heater selection
circuits includes:a PMOS transistor having a gate connected to an input
terminal of the signal output from said voltage conversion circuit, and a
source connected to the power supply for outputting the voltage for
driving the plurality of switching elements;a PMOS transistor,
series-connected to said PMOS transistor, which has a gate connected to
an input terminal of the block selection signal, and a drain connected to
an output terminal of the signal for performing the switching;an NMOS
transistor having a gate connected to an input terminal of the print data
signal, a drain connected to the output terminal of the signal for
performing the switching, and a source grounded; andan NMOS transistor,
parallel-connected to said NMOS transistor, which has a gate connected to
the input terminal of the block selection signal.

2. An element substrate having a plurality of heaters, and a plurality of
switching elements corresponding to the plurality of heaters, the
substrate comprising:an inverter which receives a print data signal,
inverts logic of the print data signal, and outputs an inverted signal;a
voltage conversion circuit which receives the inverted signal, inverts
logic of the inverted signal, converts a voltage of the logic-inverted
signal, and outputs the voltage-converted signal;a block selection
circuit which outputs a block selection signal for time-divisionally
driving the plurality of heaters for each block; andheater selection
circuits, arranged in correspondence with the plurality of switching
elements, which receive the signal output from said voltage conversion
circuit, the block selection signal, and the print data signal, and
output signals for performing switching by the plurality of switching
elements,wherein said voltage conversion circuit includes:an NMOS
transistor having a gate connected to an input terminal of the inverted
signal, and a source grounded; anda PMOS transistor, series-connected to
said NMOS transistor, which has a source connected to a power supply for
outputting a voltage for driving the plurality of switching elements, and
a gate and drain short-circuited, andeach of said heater selection
circuits includes:a NAND circuit including:a PMOS transistor having a
gate connected to an input terminal of the signal output from said
voltage conversion circuit, and a source connected to the power supply
for outputting a voltage for driving the plurality of switching
elements;a PMOS transistor, parallel-connected to said PMOS transistor,
which has a gate connected to an input terminal of the block selection
signal;an NMOS transistor having a drain connected to drains of said two
PMOS transistors, and a gate connected to the input terminal of the block
selection signal; andan NMOS transistor, series-connected to said NMOS
transistor, which has a gate connected to an input terminal of the print
data signal, and a source grounded; andan inverter including:a PMOS
transistor which has a gate connected to a drain of said NMOS transistor
having the drain connected to the drains of said two PMOS transistors of
said NAND circuit and the gate connected to the input terminal of the
block selection signal, and has a source connected to the power supply
for outputting the voltage for driving the plurality of switching
elements; andan NMOS transistor, series-connected to said PMOS
transistor, which has a gate connected to the drain of said NMOS
transistor having the drain connected to the drains of said two PMOS
transistors of said NAND circuit and the gate connected to the input
terminal of the block selection signal, and has a source grounded.

3. The element substrate according to claim 1, wherein said heater
selection circuits and said voltage conversion circuit are arranged along
an arrayed direction of the plurality of heaters.

5. The element substrate according to claim 4, wherein said block
selection signal voltage conversion circuit is arranged at an end on a
shorter side of the element substrate.

6. A printhead using an element substrate according to claim 1.

7. A head cartridge comprising a printhead according to claim 6 and an ink
tank containing ink.

Description:

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001]1. Field of the Invention

[0002]The present invention relates to an element substrate for an inkjet
printhead, a printhead having the element substrate, and a head
cartridge. Particularly, the present invention relates to an element
substrate on which heaters for generating heat energy necessary to
discharge ink, and driving circuits for driving them are formed, a
printhead having the element substrate, and a head cartridge.

[0003]2. Description of the Related Art

[0004]As disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,290,334, the heaters of a
conventional inkjet printhead and their driving control circuits are
formed on a single element substrate by a semiconductor process. An
element substrate which integrates heater and driving control circuits
can take a variety of layouts. FIG. 8 shows an example of the layout.

[0006]Pads 907 of power supply terminals for receiving driving voltages
for heaters and respective circuits, and signal terminals for outputting
various signals to them are arranged on the shorter sides of the element
substrate 900, and connected to heaters and respective circuits via
aluminum wiring lines.

[0007]A printhead which employs, for example, an NMOS transistor as a
heater switching element needs to improve the drivability of the NMOS
transistor. For this purpose, the voltage conversion circuit section 905
is arranged to apply, to the gate of the NMOS transistor, a voltage VHT
obtained by boosting a driving voltage VDD for a logic circuit on the
element substrate, as disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,302,504. There has
conventionally been known a circuit arrangement which employs a voltage
of about 3.3 V or 5 V as the driving voltage VDD.

[0008]FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of conventional heaters
and their driving control circuits. In FIG. 9, a heater 101 serves as a
printing element. An NMOS transistor 102 serves as a switching element
for driving each heater. A heater selection circuit 1003 receives logical
signals, and calculates the logical product. A shift register (S/R)+latch
(Latch) 104 stores, in synchronism with a clock signal CLK, a block
control signal input as a serial signal from the printing apparatus main
body, and latches it in accordance with a latch signal LT. A 1-bit shift
register+latch 105 stores, in synchronism with the clock signal, print
data DATA input as a serial signal from the printing apparatus main body,
and latches it in accordance with the latch signal. A block selection
circuit (X to N Decoder) 106 decodes an X-bit block control signal input
from the printing apparatus main body to select one of N block selection
signal lines in accordance with a block selection signal BLE. At the end
of the element substrate, N voltage conversion circuits A 107 are
arranged, corresponding to the number (N) of block selection signal
lines. One of M voltage conversion circuits 1008 is arranged in a
corresponding one of adjacent groups 110 each including N heaters 101, N
NMOS transistors 102, and N heater selection circuits 1003.

[0009]M 1-bit shift registers+latches 105 are arranged in correspondence
with groups 1 to M. The output of each 1-bit shift register is connected
to the input of an adjacent 1-bit shift register. The output of the 1-bit
latch 105 is connected to the input of the voltage conversion circuit
1008 of a corresponding group. The output of the voltage conversion
circuit 1008 is connected to the input of the heater selection circuit
1003 of a corresponding group. The output of each voltage conversion
circuits A 107 arranged at the end of the element substrate is connected
to the inputs of the heater selection circuits 1003 in a corresponding
one of blocks 1 to N in groups 1 to M. In FIG. 9, the 1-bit shift
registers+latches 105 each functions as 1-bit shift registers, and form
an M-bit shift register as a whole.

[0010]The operations of the heaters and their driving control circuits
shown in FIG. 9 will be explained with reference to the timing chart of
FIG. 10.

[0011]M-bit data corresponding to print data DATA are serially transferred
to the shift register+latch 104 and 1-bit shift registers+latches 105 in
synchronism with the clock signal CLK. The latch signal LT changes to
High, and the print data is input to the 1-bit shift registers+latches
105. The signal level of a predetermined one of M output lines extending
from the 1-bit shift registers+latches 105 changes to High in accordance
with the print data.

[0012]Similarly, X-bit block control signals are also serially input to
the shift register+latch 104 in synchronism with the clock signal. Then,
the latch signal changes to High, and the X-bit block control signals are
input to the block selection circuit 106. The timing of the block
selection signal BLE output from the block selection circuit 106 to an
output line 112 corresponds to the timing of BLE in FIG. 10. The X-bit
block control signals select one of N voltage conversion circuits A 107
to which the block selection signal is input. A predetermined heater is
selected by a heater selection circuit 1003 selected by a High block
control signal from M heater selection circuits 1003 commonly connected
to one output signal extending from the voltage conversion circuit A 107.
A current I flows through the selected heater in accordance with a
heating enable signal HE, thereby driving the heater.

[0013]The above-described operation is sequentially repeated N times. As a
result, M×N heaters can be time-divisionally driven every M heaters
at N timings, thereby driving all the heaters.

[0014]Similar to the voltage conversion circuit section 905 shown in FIG.
8, the voltage conversion circuit A 107 and voltage conversion circuit
1008 shown in FIG. 9 are arranged to apply, to the gate of the NMOS
transistor, the voltage VHT obtained by boosting the driving voltage VDD
for a logic circuit on the element substrate.

[0016]In FIG. 11, reference numerals 1201 to 1210 denote building elements
of the voltage conversion circuit 1008. The terminal IN 1201 receives a
signal output from a logic circuit such as the block selection circuit.
The inverter 1202 inverts the logic of a signal input from the terminal
IN 1201 to output the inverted signal. The MOS transistors 1203 to 1208
form a voltage converter which converts the voltage of a signal. The
inverter 1209 buffers a signal output from the voltage conversion circuit
1008. The terminal OUT 1210 outputs a voltage-converted signal.

[0017]A signal input to the terminal IN 1201 is input to the gates of the
PMOS transistor 1207 and NMOS transistor 1206, and the inverter 1202. A
signal logic-inverted by the inverter 1202 is input to the gates of the
PMOS transistor 1204 and NMOS transistor 1203. A signal input to the
terminal IN 1201 and a signal output from the inverter 1202 have the
voltage VDD.

[0018]When a signal of the voltage VDD is input to the terminal IN 1201, a
voltage of 0 V is applied to the gates of the MOS transistors 1203 and
1204 because the inverted signal of the signal input to the terminal IN
1201 is input to them. The voltage VDD is applied to the gates of the MOS
transistors 1206 and 1207 because a signal input to the terminal IN 1201
is directly input to them. At this time, the gate of the NMOS transistor
1206 is turned on to connect its drain to ground GND at low impedance.
The drain of the NMOS transistor 1206 is connected to the gate of the
PMOS transistor 1205. Thus, the gate of the PMOS transistor 1205 is
connected to GND at low impedance to turn on the PMOS transistor 1205.
The gate of the PMOS transistor 1204 series-connected to the PMOS
transistor receives an output signal from the inverter 1202, so the gate
voltage of the PMOS transistor 1204 becomes 0V. At this time, the PMOS
transistor 1204 remains ON regardless of whether VDD or 0 V is applied to
its gate. This is because the PMOS transistor 1205 is ON, and the source
voltage of the PMOS transistor 1204 is VHT higher than VDD. Further, the
gate voltage of the NMOS transistor 1203 series-connected to the PMOS
transistor is 0 V, so the NMOS transistor 1203 is turned off. Since the
PMOS transistors 1205 and 1204 are ON and the NMOS transistor 1203 is
OFF, the voltage of a node connected to the drains of the PMOS transistor
1204 and NMOS transistor 1203 and the gate of the PMOS transistor 1208
becomes the power supply voltage VHT of the voltage conversion circuit.
Since the gate voltage of the PMOS transistor 1208 changes to VHT, the
PMOS transistor 1208 is turned off. Since the NMOS transistor 1206 is ON,
the voltage of a node connected to the drains of the PMOS transistor 1207
and NMOS transistor 1206 and the gate of the PMOS transistor becomes 0 V.
An output signal from the inverter connected to this node serves as an
output signal from the voltage conversion circuit A. Since the voltage of
the node connected to the inverter 1209 is 0 V, a signal of the voltage
VHT is output from the terminal OUT 1210.

[0019]When the level of a signal input to the terminal IN 1201 is Low, the
logic of each element of the voltage conversion circuit A becomes
opposite to the above-mentioned one. Thus, no signal is output from the
terminal OUT 1210.

[0021]The heater selection circuit 1003 includes two PMOS transistors 1301
and 1302 series-connected to a power supply for outputting the voltage
VHT. The heater selection circuit 1003 also includes two NMOS transistors
1303 and 1304, whose drains are connected to that of the PMOS transistor
1302, parallel-connected to the PMOS transistor 1302. The heater
selection circuit 1003 takes a two-input NOR circuit in which the gates
of the PMOS transistor 1301 and NMOS transistor 1303 are connected to the
terminal IN1, and those of the PMOS transistor 1302 and NMOS transistor
1304 are connected to the terminal IN2. When both the terminals IN1 and
IN2 receive High signals, a signal output from the terminal OUT changes
to Low. In other cases, a signal output from the terminal OUT also
changes to HIGH, outputting the voltage VHT. The terminals IN1 and IN2
receive signals with an amplitude of 0 V to VHT boosted up to the voltage
VHT by the voltage conversion circuit, selecting a heater.

[0022]FIG. 13 is a timing chart showing the input timings of input signals
to the voltage conversion circuit and the application timing of the gate
voltage to the NMOS transistor serving as a switching element when
driving a heater on a conventional element substrate.

[0023]A print data signal HEAT output from a print data supply circuit to
determine a timing to supply a driving current to a heater is input with
an amplitude of 0 V to VDD to the terminal IN of the voltage conversion
circuit. In response to the timing of HEAT, a current IHT consumed by a
power supply for driving an NMOS transistor serving as a switching
element transiently flows at the leading and trailing edges of the HEAT
pulse.

[0024]An NMOS transistor serving as a switching element corresponding to a
heater selected as a heater to be driven is connected to the voltage
conversion circuit. A signal OUT_on (VG_on) with an amplitude of 0 V to
VHT is applied to the gate of the NMOS transistor. The signal OUT_on is
obtained by converting the voltage of HEAT. The NMOS transistor serving
as a switching element to which OUT_on is applied to its gate is turned
on while a gate voltage equal to or higher than a threshold Vth is
applied. A 50-mA current IH_on flows through a corresponding heater.

[0025]To the contrary, no voltage is applied to an NMOS transistor serving
as a switching element corresponding to a heater not selected as a heater
to be driven, as represented by OUT_off (VG_off). As represented by
IH_off, no current flows through a corresponding heater.

[0026]Recently, the above-described inkjet printing apparatus is
increasing the nozzle arrangement density in order to implement
high-speed, high-quality printing. The inkjet printing apparatus which
prints by scanning the printhead can increase the width of printing by
one scanning by increasing the number of heaters in order to achieve
high-speed printing. However, this increases the area of the element
substrate of the printhead. Also, the inkjet printing apparatus can
downsize a droplet discharged from the printhead in order to achieve
high-quality printing. In this case, to prevent a decrease in printing
speed while downsizing the droplet, the number of nozzles must be
increased to arrange them at high density. As a result, heater driving
circuits and the like must be arranged on the element substrate in
correspondence with a narrow heater pitch, increasing the area of the
element substrate in a direction perpendicular to the nozzle arrayed
direction. The increase in the area of the element substrate raises the
cost. The length of the element substrate in the nozzle arrayed direction
is determined by the printing width. To reduce the area of the element
substrate, the length in a direction perpendicular to the nozzle arrayed
direction must be shortened.

[0027]On an element substrate having the conventional arrangement shown in
FIG. 8, shift registers are arranged along the nozzle arrayed direction.
On the element substrate, data flows through the shift register, voltage
conversion circuit, and heater selection circuit in the order named. The
voltage conversion circuit and heater selection circuit must be
interposed between the shift register and the heater. Thus, the voltage
conversion circuit and heater selection circuit are also arranged along
the nozzle arrayed direction in accordance with the arrangement of the
heater and shift register. The above-described voltage conversion circuit
has many building elements in order to prevent a breakthrough current
from flowing. These building elements occupy a large area of the element
substrate in the nozzle arrayed direction. A circuit, such as the voltage
conversion circuit, which needs to operate at high voltage must have a
high-voltage tolerant structure in order to ensure tolerance against high
voltage. However, integration for the high-voltage tolerant structure is
limited, and it is difficult to integrate elements at high density. As
another conceivable countermeasure except for the high-density
integration, the number of building elements such as transistors may also
be reduced. However, each transistor which forms a conventional voltage
conversion circuit is necessary to cut off a current flowing through the
voltage conversion circuit upon switching.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0028]Accordingly, the present invention is conceived as a response to the
above-described disadvantages of the conventional art.

[0029]For example, an element substrate according to this invention
includes a heater selection circuit normally operable even in the use of
voltage conversion circuits, that hardly occupy the area on an element
substrate, arranged along the nozzle arrayed direction on the element
substrate. A printhead and head cartridge according to this invention use
the element substrate.

[0030]According to one aspect of the present invention, preferably, there
is provided an element substrate having a plurality of heaters, and a
plurality of switching elements corresponding to the plurality of
heaters, the substrate comprising: an inverter (111) which receives a
print data signal, inverts logic of the print data signal, and outputs an
inverted signal; a voltage conversion circuit (108) which receives the
inverted signal, inverts logic of the inverted signal, converts a voltage
of the logic-inverted signal, and outputs the voltage-converted signal; a
block selection circuit which outputs a block selection signal for
time-divisionally driving the plurality of heaters for each block; and
heater selection circuits (103), arranged in correspondence with the
plurality of switching elements, which receive the signal output from the
voltage conversion circuit, the block selection signal, and the print
data signal, and output signals for performing switching by the plurality
of switching elements, wherein the voltage conversion circuit (108)
includes: an NMOS transistor (201) having a gate connected to an input
terminal of the inverted signal, and a source grounded; and a PMOS
transistor (202), series-connected to the NMOS transistor, which has a
source connected to a power supply for outputting a voltage for driving
the plurality of switching elements, and a gate and drain
short-circuited, and each of the heater selection circuits (103)
includes: a PMOS transistor (301) having a gate connected to an input
terminal of the signal output from the voltage conversion circuit, and a
source connected to the power supply for outputting the voltage for
driving the plurality of switching elements; a PMOS transistor (302),
series-connected to the PMOS transistor (301), which has a gate connected
to an input terminal of the block selection signal, and a drain connected
to an output terminal of the signal for performing the switching; an NMOS
transistor (304) having a gate connected to an input terminal of the
print data signal, a drain connected to the output terminal of the signal
for performing the switching, and a source grounded; and an NMOS
transistor (303), parallel-connected to the NMOS transistor (304), which
has a gate connected to the input terminal of the block selection signal.

[0031]According to another aspect of the present invention, preferably,
there is provided an element substrate having a plurality of heaters, and
a plurality of switching elements corresponding to the plurality of
heaters, the substrate comprising: an inverter (111) which receives a
print data signal, inverts logic of the print data signal, and outputs an
inverted signal; a voltage conversion circuit (108) which receives the
inverted signal, inverts logic of the inverted signal, converts a voltage
of the logic-inverted signal, and outputs the voltage-converted signal; a
block selection circuit which outputs a block selection signal for
time-divisionally driving the plurality of heaters for each block; and
heater selection circuits (103), arranged in correspondence with the
plurality of switching elements, which receive the signal output from the
voltage conversion circuit, the block selection signal, and the print
data signal, and output signals for performing switching by the plurality
of switching elements, wherein the voltage conversion circuit (108)
includes: an NMOS transistor (201) having a gate connected to an input
terminal of the inverted signal, and a source grounded; and a PMOS
transistor (202), series-connected to the NMOS transistor, which has a
source connected to a power supply for outputting a voltage for driving
the plurality of switching elements, and a gate and drain
short-circuited, and each of the heater selection circuits (103)
includes: a NAND circuit including: a PMOS transistor (601) having a gate
connected to an input terminal of the signal output from the voltage
conversion circuit, and a source connected to the power supply for
outputting a voltage for driving the plurality of switching elements; a
PMOS transistor (602), parallel-connected to the PMOS transistor, which
has a gate connected to an input terminal of the block selection signal;
an NMOS transistor (603) having a drain connected to drains of the two
PMOS transistors (601, 602), and a gate connected to the input terminal
of the block selection signal; and an NMOS transistor (604),
series-connected to the NMOS transistor (603), which has a gate connected
to an input terminal of the print data signal, and a source grounded; and
an inverter including: a PMOS (605) transistor which has a gate connected
to a drain of the NMOS transistor (603) having the drain connected to the
drains of the two PMOS transistors (601, 602) of the NAND circuit and the
gate connected to the input terminal of the block selection signal, and
has a source connected to the power supply for outputting the voltage for
driving the plurality of switching elements; and an NMOS transistor
(606), series-connected to the PMOS transistor (605), which has a gate
connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor (603) having the drain
connected to the drains of the two PMOS transistors (601, 602) of the
NAND circuit and the gate connected to the input terminal of the block
selection signal, and has a source grounded.

[0032]According to still another aspect of the present invention,
preferably, there is provided a printhead using the above-mentioned
element substrate.

[0033]According to still another aspect of the present invention,
preferably, there is provided a head cartridge comprising a printhead
using the above-mentioned element substrate and an ink tank containing
ink.

[0034]The invention is particularly advantageous since it can provide an
element substrate having on it voltage conversion circuits which are
arranged along the nozzle arrayed direction and hardly occupy the area,
and a heater selection circuit which operates normally even in the use of
the voltage conversion circuits. In addition, the invention can provide a
printhead having the element substrate, and a head cartridge.

[0035]Further features of the present invention will become apparent from
the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the
attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036]FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of heaters and their
driving control circuits according to the first embodiment of the present
invention.

[0037]FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a voltage conversion circuit
which reduces the number of building elements.

[0038]FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a heater selection circuit
according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0039]FIG. 4 is a timing chart of the voltage conversion circuit which
reduces the number of building elements.

[0040]FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing an operation of driving a heater on
an element substrate according to the first embodiment of the present
invention.

[0041]FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a heater selection circuit
according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

[0042]FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of heaters and their
driving control circuits according to the third embodiment of the present
invention.

[0043]FIG. 8 is a view showing an example of the layout of a conventional
element substrate.

[0044]FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of conventional heaters
and their driving control circuits.

[0045]FIG. 10 is a timing chart for explaining the operations of the
conventional heaters and their driving control circuits.

[0048]FIG. 13 is a timing chart when driving a heater on a conventional
element substrate.

[0049]FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view showing the outer appearance
of the structure of an inkjet printing apparatus as a typical embodiment
of the present invention.

[0050]FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a general head cartridge.

[0051]FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing the control arrangement of the
inkjet printing apparatus.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0052]Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described
in detail in accordance with the accompanying drawings.

[0053]In this specification, the terms "print" and "printing" not only
include the formation of significant information such as characters and
graphics, but also broadly includes the formation of images, figures,
patterns, and the like on a print medium, or the processing of the
medium, regardless of whether they are significant or insignificant and
whether they are so visualized as to be visually perceivable by humans.

[0054]Also, the term "print medium" not only includes a paper sheet used
in common printing apparatuses, but also broadly includes materials, such
as cloth, a plastic film, a metal plate, glass, ceramics, wood, and
leather, capable of accepting ink.

[0055]Furthermore, the term "ink" (to be also referred to as a "liquid"
hereinafter) should be extensively interpreted similar to the definition
of "print" described above. That is, "ink" includes a liquid which, when
applied onto a print medium, can form images, figures, patterns, and the
like, can process the print medium, and can process ink. The process of
ink includes, for example, solidifying or insolubilizing a coloring agent
contained in ink applied to the print medium.

[0056]Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, the term "nozzle" generally
means a set of a discharge orifice, a liquid channel connected to the
orifice and an element to generate energy utilized for ink discharge.

[0057]The term "element substrate" in the description not only includes a
simple substrate made of a silicon semiconductor, but also broadly
includes a substrate with elements, wiring lines, and the like.

[0058]The expression "on a substrate" not only includes "on an element
substrate", but also broadly includes "on the surface of an element
substrate" and "inside of an element substrate near its surface". The
term "built-in" in this invention not only includes "simply arrange
separate elements on a substrate", but also broadly includes "integrally
form and manufacture elements on an element substrate by a semiconductor
circuit manufacturing process or the like".

[0059]FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view showing the outer appearance
of the structure of an inkjet printing apparatus as a typical embodiment
of the present invention.

[0060]As shown in FIG. 14, the inkjet printing apparatus (to be referred
to as a printing apparatus hereinafter) includes a printhead 3 which
prints by discharging ink according to the inkjet method. A transmission
mechanism 4 transmits a driving force generated by a carriage motor 14 to
a carriage 2 supporting the printhead 3 to reciprocate the carriage 2 in
directions (main scanning direction) indicated by an arrow A (reciprocal
scanning). Along with this reciprocal scanning, a print medium 16 such as
print paper is fed via a paper feed mechanism 5 and conveyed to a print
position. At the print position, the printhead 3 prints by discharging
ink to the print medium 16.

[0061]The carriage 2 of the printing apparatus supports not only the
printhead 3, but also an ink tank 6 which contains ink to be supplied to
the printhead 3. The ink tank 6 is detachable from the carriage 2.

[0063]The carriage 2 and printhead 3 can achieve and maintain a
predetermined electrical connection by properly bringing their contact
surfaces into contact with each other. The printhead 3 selectively
discharges ink from a plurality of orifices and prints by applying energy
in accordance with a print signal. In particular, the printhead 3
according to the embodiment includes a heater formed from a resistor. A
pulse voltage is applied to the heater to discharge ink from an orifice
corresponding to the heater.

[0064]As shown in FIG. 14, the carriage 2 reciprocates along a guide shaft
13 by normal rotation and reverse rotation of the carriage motor 14. A
scale 8 representing the position of the carriage 2 is arranged along the
main scanning direction (directions indicated by the arrow A) of the
carriage 2.

[0065]The printing apparatus has a platen (not shown) facing the orifice
surface of the printhead 3 having orifices (not shown). The carriage 2
supporting the printhead 3 reciprocates by the driving force of the
carriage motor 14. At the same time, the printhead 3 receives a print
signal to discharge ink and print by the entire width of the print medium
16 conveyed onto the platen.

[0066]FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing the control arrangement of the
printing apparatus shown in FIG. 14.

[0067]As shown in FIG. 16, a controller 60 includes a MPU 61, and a ROM 62
which stores a predetermined table and other permanent data. The
controller 60 also includes an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated
Circuit) 63 which generates control signals for controlling the carriage
motor 14, a conveyance motor 15, and the printhead 3. The controller 60
further includes a RAM 64 having a print data rasterization area, a work
area for executing a program, and the like. The controller 60 also
includes a system bus 65 which connects the MPU 61, ASIC 63, and RAM 64
to each other and allows exchanging data.

[0068]Reference numeral 50 denotes a computer which serves as an image
data supply source and is generically named a host apparatus. The host
apparatus 50 and printing apparatus transmit/receive print data,
commands, status signals, and the like via an interface (I/F) 51.

[0070]FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing the outer appearance of the
structure of a head cartridge which integrates an ink tank and printhead.
In FIG. 15, a dotted line K indicates the boundary between the ink tank 6
and the printhead 3. The head cartridge has an electrode (not shown) to
receive an electrical signal supplied from the carriage 2 when the head
cartridge is mounted on the carriage 2. The electrical signal drives the
printhead 3 to discharge ink.

[0071]In FIG. 15, reference numeral 70 denotes an ink orifice array.

[0072]Embodiments of an element substrate used in the printhead of the
printing apparatus having the above-described arrangement will be
described.

First Embodiment

[0073]FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of an equivalent
circuit including a voltage conversion circuit A, a voltage conversion
circuit B, a heater, a MOS transistor serving as a switching element, and
a heater selection circuit, and is used for explaining the first
embodiment. This block diagram schematically shows the layout of circuits
on an element substrate. Unlike the conventional element substrate shown
in FIG. 9, the element substrate of the first embodiment uses a voltage
conversion circuit B 108 instead of the voltage conversion circuit 1008
shown in FIG. 9, and a heater selection circuit 103 instead of the heater
selection circuit 1003 shown in FIG. 9. The element substrate has an
inverter 111 which inverts a print data signal to output the inverted
signal to the voltage conversion circuit B. A description of the
arrangement common to FIG. 9 will not be repeated.

[0074]One of M voltage conversion circuits B 108 shown in FIG. 2 is
arranged in a corresponding one of groups 110. The voltage conversion
circuit B 108 includes an NMOS transistor having a gate connected to the
terminal CHARGE serving as an input terminal for a print data signal
inverted by the inverter, and a source grounded. The voltage conversion
circuit B 108 also includes a PMOS transistor which is series-connected
to the NMOS transistor and has a source connected to a power supply for
outputting a voltage for driving a MOS transistor serving as a switching
element, and a gate and drain short-circuited.

[0075]The voltage conversion circuit B 108 includes an NMOS transistor 201
having a gate connected to the terminal CHARGE for receiving a signal
with an amplitude of 0 V to VDD from an external logic circuit. The
voltage conversion circuit B 108 also includes a PMOS transistor 202
having a source connected to a power supply for outputting the voltage
VHT, and a node between a short-circuited gate and drain connected to the
terminal BIAS OUT and the drain of the NMOS transistor 201.

[0076]The operation of the voltage conversion circuit B will be described.

[0077]For example, when the voltage VDD is applied to the terminal CHARGE
to change the signal level to High, the NMOS transistor 201 is turned on.
The gate voltage of the PMOS transistor 202 is determined by a current
flowing through the PMOS transistor 202 at this time, and an effective
resistance while the NMOS transistor 201 is ON. This gate voltage is
output from the terminal BIAS OUT.

[0078]When the voltage of the terminal CHARGE is applied to change the
signal level to Low, the NMOS transistor 201 is turned off to disconnect
the PMOS transistor 202 from the NMOS transistor 201. At this time, since
the gate and drain of the PMOS transistor 202 are short-circuited, the
PMOS transistor 202 behaves like a diode, and the drain voltage becomes
almost equal to the voltage VHT. As a result, the voltage VHT is applied
to the gate of the PMOS transistor 202, outputting the voltage VHT from
the terminal BIAS OUT. In the voltage conversion circuit B shown in FIG.
2, the logic input to the terminal CHARGE is inverted with the amplitude
of the voltage VHT, and output from the terminal BIAS OUT.

[0079]The voltage conversion circuit B 108 which operates in the
above-described way can reduce the number of building components.
However, while logical signal level High is input (logical signal level
Low is output), the power supply current keeps flowing through ground via
the PMOS and NMOS transistors.

[0080]FIG. 4 is a timing chart of the voltage conversion circuit B in FIG.
2.

[0081]Assume that a signal with an amplitude of VDD is input to the
terminal CHARGE, as represented by IN_on in FIG. 4. When the level of a
signal input to the terminal CHARGE is Low, the terminal BIAS OUT is
pulled up to the voltage VHT, the logical signal level changes to High,
and the terminal BIAS OUT outputs the voltage VHT, as represented by OUT
in FIG. 4. While the signal having the amplitude of VDD is input to the
terminal CHARGE, the NMOS transistor 201 remains ON. However, an output
from the terminal BIAS OUT does not become 0 V owing to the ON resistance
of the NMOS transistor 201.

[0082]The output voltage from the terminal BIAS OUT when the voltage
conversion circuit B outputs logical signal level Low can be set by the
MOS sizes of the PMOS transistor 202 and NMOS transistor 201. This output
voltage is set between a voltage Vuc under the influence of the ON
resistance of the NMOS transistor 201 and the threshold voltage Vth of
the PMOS transistor 202. Assume that a signal which is boosted using the
voltage conversion circuit B and has an amplitude of Vuc to VHT is input
to the terminals IN1 and IN2 of a two-input NOR circuit in FIG. 12. The
PMOS transistor receives a voltage lower than the threshold voltage, and
normally performs a switching operation. However, the NMOS transistor
sometimes does not receive a voltage lower than the threshold voltage at
which it operates stably. Thus, the NMOS transistor does not always
perform a switching operation normally.

[0083]When the number of building elements of the voltage conversion
circuit is decreased as shown in FIG. 2 in order to reduce the area of
the element substrate by decreasing the length in a direction
perpendicular to the nozzle arrayed direction, the voltage when
outputting logical signal level Low does not become 0 V. The voltage
output from the voltage conversion circuit ranges from Vuc to VHT. As a
result, the 2-input NOR circuit used as a heater selection circuit may
not operate normally. Hence, the voltage conversion circuit which
decreases the number of building elements newly requires a heater
selection circuit capable of selecting a heater by using a signal with an
amplitude of Vuc to VHT. The first embodiment, therefore, adopts the
heater selection circuit 103 as shown in FIG. 3.

[0084]A print data signal with an amplitude of VDD is input to the
terminal CHARGE, and a logic-inverted signal is output from the terminal
BIAS OUT of the circuit serving as a negative logic circuit. The voltage
of the output signal ranges not from 0 V to VHT but from Vuc to VHT,
unlike the conventional voltage conversion circuit. The print data signal
output from the voltage conversion circuit B 108 is input to the
terminals IN1 of N heater selection circuits 103 in the same group as
that of the voltage conversion circuit B 108.

[0085]The terminal IN1 of each heater selection circuit 103 receives a
signal with a voltage of Vuc to VHT that is converted by the voltage
conversion circuit B 108. The terminal IN2 receives a block selection
signal BLE with a voltage of 0 V to VHT that is converted by a voltage
conversion circuit A 107. The block selection signal is used to
time-divisionally drive a plurality of heaters for each block. The
terminal IN3 receives a print data signal with an amplitude of VDD. The
heater selection circuit 103 selects a heater to be turned on in
accordance with these three signals.

[0087]The heater selection circuit 103 includes a PMOS transistor 301
having a gate connected to the terminal IN1. The heater selection circuit
103 includes a PMOS transistor 302 having a gate connected to the
terminal IN2, a source connected to the drain of the PMOS transistor 301,
and a drain connected to the terminal OUT serving as an output terminal.
The heater selection circuit 103 also includes an NMOS transistor 303
having a gate connected to the gate of the PMOS transistor 302, a drain
connected to the terminal OUT, and a source grounded. Further, the heater
selection circuit 103 includes an NMOS transistor 304 having a gate
connected to the terminal IN3, a drain connected to the terminal OUT, and
a source grounded.

[0088]The operation of the heater selection circuit 103 will be described.

[0089]When not outputting a pulse of VHT from the terminal OUT (supplying
no current to a heater), a signal of VHT is input to the terminal IN2,
and a signal of VDD is input to the terminal IN3 to turn off the PMOS
transistor 302. Then, the terminal OUT is disconnected from the power
supply of the voltage VHT, and the NMOS transistors 303 and 304 are
turned on. Charges at the terminal OUT move to ground via the NMOS
transistors 303 and 304. As a result, the terminal OUT does not output a
signal of a voltage capable of driving the switching element of the
heater. The switching element is not turned on, and no current flows
through the heater.

[0090]In contrast, when outputting a pulse (High) of VHT from the terminal
OUT (supplying a current to a heater), a Low signal is input to the
terminals IN1, IN2, and IN3. At this time, a signal of VDD is input to
the terminal CHARGE of the voltage conversion circuit B. In response to
this, the NMOS transistors 303 and 304 are turned off to disconnect the
terminal OUT from ground. At this time, the PMOS transistors 301 and 302
are turned on. The voltage VHT is output to the terminal OUT to turn on
the switching element, and the current flows through the heater.

[0091]FIG. 5 is a timing chart showing an operation of driving a heater on
the above-described element substrate according to the first embodiment.
The heater selection circuit used in the first embodiment can use the
voltage conversion circuit B which receives signals with three different
types of amplitudes to output a signal with an amplitude of Vuc to VHT.

[0092]Since Vuc is lower than a threshold voltage at which a PMOS
transistor is turned on, the PMOS transistor can be switched even by a
voltage of Vuc to VHT. A signal with a voltage of Vuc to VHT can
therefore be used as an input signal to the gate of the PMOS transistor.
However, Vuc cannot turn off an NMOS transistor, so an input signal to
the gate of the NMOS transistor is set to have an amplitude of 0 V to
VDD. Heater selection circuits in each group are connected so that
in-phase signals with different amplitudes are commonly input to the
terminals IN1 and IN3 of all the heater selection circuits in each group.
In order to time-divisionally control heater driving, block selection
signals BLE1 to BLEN with an amplitude of 0 V to VHT are input to IN2.

[0093]An operation until a heater is driven will be explained.

[0094]A print data signal HEAT output from a print data supply circuit to
determine a timing to supply a driving current to a heater is input with
an amplitude of 0 V to VDD to the terminal IN3 of the heater selection
circuit. Further, a signal with an amplitude of 0 V to VDD opposite in
phase to HEAT is input to the terminal CHARGE of the voltage conversion
circuit B. In response to the timing of HEAT, the voltage conversion
circuit B outputs a signal with an amplitude of Vuc to VHT to the
terminal IN1 of the heater selection circuit. A block selection signal
with an amplitude of 0 V to VHT boosted by the voltage conversion circuit
A is input to the terminal IN2.

[0095]In a heater selection circuit corresponding to a heater selected as
a heater to be driven, the signal level of the block selection signal
changes to Low, as represented by IN2_on. An NMOS transistor serving as a
switching element corresponding to the heater selected as a heater to be
driven is connected to the terminal OUT of the heater selection circuit,
and receives at its gate a signal with an amplitude of 0 V to VHT, as
represented by OUT_on. The NMOS transistor serving as a switching element
which receives OUT_on at its gate is turned on while a gate voltage equal
to or higher than the threshold Vth is applied. A 50-mA current IH_on
flows through the corresponding heater.

[0096]In a heater selection circuit corresponding to a heater not selected
as a heater to be driven, the signal level of the block selection signal
changes to High, as represented by IN2_off. No signal is output from the
terminal OUT, as represented by OUT_off. No current flows through a
corresponding heater, as represented by IH_off.

[0097]The speed at which the current IH flowing through a heater switches
from ON to OFF is determined by the speed at which the NMOS transistors
303 and 304 of the heater selection circuit drain charges remaining in
the NMOS transistors. The speed for draining charges becomes higher as
the voltage applied to the gates of the NMOS transistors 303 and 304
becomes higher. Hence, a large amplitude of a signal input to the
terminal IN3 quickens the fall of the waveform of the current IH flowing
through a heater.

[0098]As described above, the first embodiment adopts a voltage conversion
circuit B made up of two building elements as shown in FIG. 2. Compared
to the voltage conversion circuit A made up of 10 building elements, the
area occupied by the voltage conversion circuit can be reduced. The area
of the element substrate can be reduced by decreasing the length in a
direction perpendicular to the nozzle arrayed direction.

[0099]Since the number of building elements of the voltage conversion
circuit decreases, the amplitude of a signal output from the voltage
conversion circuit changes from the range of 0 V to VHT to the range of
Vuc to VHT. A signal with an amplitude of Vuc to VHT cannot operate an
NMOS transistor normally, so an element substrate having a conventional
arrangement cannot employ a voltage conversion circuit like the voltage
conversion circuit B. However, by using the above-described heater
selection circuit, the element substrate according to the first
embodiment can achieve the same operation as that of the conventional
element substrate.

[0100]The first embodiment has exemplified an arrangement in which a shift
register+latch 104 and block selection circuit 106 are arranged at the
end on the shorter side of the element substrate. However, the present
invention may also be applied to an element substrate in which the shift
register+latch 104 and block selection circuit 106 are arranged along the
nozzle arrayed direction.

[0101]The heater selection circuit used in the first embodiment receives
three signals from the terminals IN1, IN2, and IN3. Of these signals,
both the signals input from the terminals IN1 and IN3 are print data
signals. The heater selection circuit used in the first embodiment
substantially has a two-input circuit arrangement. The same effects can
also be obtained by a circuit arrangement of three or more inputs, in
addition to the two-input circuit arrangement.

Second Embodiment

[0102]The heater selection circuit according to the first embodiment
employs a NOR arrangement in which a High signal is output from the
terminal OUT when Low signals are input to the terminals IN1, IN2, and
IN3. In the heater selection circuit according to the first embodiment,
the PMOS transistors 301 and 302 are series-connected, and thus the ON
resistance is high. An element substrate having this arrangement
sometimes requires a relatively long time for driving building elements
such as a switching element at high voltage.

[0103]To cope with this situation, the second embodiment inserts an
inverter on the output stage of a heater selection circuit, improving the
drivability of a switching element by an output signal from the heater
selection circuit. However, when the inverter is inserted on the output
stage, the logic is inverted. Unless an input signal to the inverter is
Low, an output signal from the inverter does not become High. Hence, the
second embodiment uses a heater selection circuit of the NAND arrangement
which outputs Low logic, unlike the first embodiment using a heater
selection circuit of the NOR arrangement which outputs High logic.

[0104]FIG. 6 shows the arrangement of a heater selection circuit according
to the second embodiment.

[0105]The terminal IN1 receives a signal with a voltage of the BIAS OUT
voltage Vuc to VHT output from a voltage conversion circuit B 108.
Similarly, the terminal IN2 receives a signal with a voltage of 0 V to
the voltage VHT (OUT) output from a voltage conversion circuit A 107. The
terminal IN3 receives a signal HE with an amplitude of VDD. The heater
selection circuit includes a PMOS transistor 601 having a gate connected
to the terminal IN1, and a source connected to the power supply of the
voltage VHT. The heater selection circuit includes a PMOS transistor 602
having a gate connected to the terminal IN2, and a drain and source
parallel-connected to the PMOS transistor 601. The heater selection
circuit also includes an NMOS transistor 603 having a drain connected to
the drains of both the PMOS transistors 601 and 602, and a gate connected
to the terminal IN2. The heater selection circuit includes an NMOS
transistor 604 having a drain connected to the source of the NMOS
transistor 603, a source grounded, and a gate connected to the terminal
IN3. These four MOS transistors form a NAND circuit. An inverter is
arranged on the next stage of the NAND circuit. The inverter is formed
from a PMOS transistor 605 having a source connected to the power supply
of the voltage VHT, and an NMOS transistor 606 having a drain and gate
respectively connected to the drain and gate of the PMOS transistor 605,
and a source grounded. The node between the drains of the PMOS transistor
602 and NMOS transistor 603 is connected to that between the gates of the
PMOS transistor 605 and NMOS transistor 606.

[0106]The operation of the heater selection circuit employed in the second
embodiment will be explained.

[0107]When not outputting a pulse with an amplitude of VHT from the
terminal OUT (supplying no current to a heater), an output signal from
the NAND circuit changes to High because the inverter inverts the logic.
A Low-logic signal is input to the terminals IN1 and IN3 or the terminal
IN2. Then, at least either the PMOS transistor 601 or 602 is turned on,
and the voltage of the output signal from the NAND circuit becomes VHT.
Note that the terminals IN1 and IN3 receive a signal of the same logic.
At least either the NMOS transistor 603 or 604 is turned off to
disconnect the NAND circuit from ground. As a result, an output signal
from the NAND circuit changes to High. The inverter inverts the logic of
the output signal from the NAND circuit, and an output signal from the
heater selection circuit changes to Low. The Low output signal from the
heater selection circuit does not turn on the NMOS transistor serving as
a switching element, and no current flows through the heater.

[0108]When outputting a pulse with an amplitude of VHT from the terminal
OUT (supplying a current to a heater), an output signal from the NAND
circuit changes to Low because the inverter inverts the logic. A
High-logic signal is input to the terminals IN1, IN2, and IN3. Then, the
PMOS transistors 601 and 602 are turned off to disconnect the NAND
circuit from the power supply of the voltage VHT. At this time, a
Low-logic signal is input to the terminal CHARGE of the voltage
conversion circuit B. The NMOS transistors 603 and 604 are turned on, so
an output signal from the NAND circuit changes to a ground potential,
that is, Low. The inverter on the next stage inverts the Low output
signal from the NAND circuit, and an output signal from the heater
selection circuit changes to High. The High output signal from the heater
selection circuit turns on the NMOS transistor serving as a switching
element, and the current flows through the heater.

[0109]The timing of an operation of driving a heater according to the
second embodiment will be described. However, a description of the
operation common to the first embodiment will not be repeated.

[0110]In a heater selection circuit corresponding to a heater selected as
a heater to be driven, when HEAT is High and a signal of logical signal
level High is input to the terminals IN2 and IN3, an output signal from
the NAND circuit of the heater selection circuit becomes Low. In response
to this, a signal output from the heater selection circuit becomes equal
to or higher than the threshold Vth of the driving voltage of the
switching element. Then, the switching element is turned on, and the
current flows through the heater.

[0111]To the contrary, in a heater selection circuit corresponding to a
heater not selected as a heater to be driven, a signal of logical signal
level Low is input to at least one of the input terminals IN1, IN2, and
IN3 of the heater selection circuit corresponding to the unselected
heater. At this time, an output signal from the NAND circuit becomes
High, and the voltage of a signal output from the terminal OUT of the
heater selection circuit becomes 0 V. Hence, no current flows through the
heater.

Third Embodiment

[0112]FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing an example of an equivalent
circuit including a voltage conversion circuit A, a voltage conversion
circuit B, a heater, a MOS transistor serving as a switching element, and
a heater selection circuit, and is used for explaining the third
embodiment. This block diagram schematically shows the layout of circuits
on an element substrate.

[0113]On the element substrate of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 7,
unlike the element substrate of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the
shift register+latch 104 and the 1-bit shift registers+latches 105
arranged for respective groups in FIG. 1 are combined into one shift
register+latch 804. A description of the arrangement common to FIG. 1
will not be repeated.

[0114]In FIG. 7, the shift register+latch 804 stores, in synchronism with
the clock signal, a block control signal input as a serial signal from
the printing apparatus main body, and latches it in accordance with the
latch signal. The output of the shift register+latch 804 for a print data
signal with an amplitude of 0 V to VDD is commonly connected to the
inputs of voltage conversion circuits B 108 and heater selection circuits
103 in groups 1 to M.

[0115]The element substrate according to the third embodiment is
characterized in that the shift register+latch 804 is arranged at the end
of the element substrate. The area of the wiring region of output wiring
lines 811 extending from the shift register+latch 804 becomes smaller
than the area occupied by the 1-bit shift registers+latches 105 in the
first embodiment.

[0116]The above-described embodiments have exemplified an NMOS transistor
as a switching element. However, the same effects can also be obtained
when a PMOS transistor is used as a switching element.

[0117]While the present invention has been described with reference to
exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not
limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the
following claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to
encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.

[0118]This application claims the benefit of Japanese Patent Application
No. 2007-306302, filed Nov. 27, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety.