When humans artificially select for the traits they want in the population.

What is genetic drift?

Random change in allele frequencies in a population due to chance events.

How many alleles does an individual have?

Two

What is Pollination?

The mechanism of sexual reproduction in seed plants.

What is Pollen?

The male gametophyte, which produced by male structures on the plant and had to be transported to the eggs or the female structures on the plant.

What are Gymnosperms?

The earliest seed plants

What are Angiosperms?

The first flowering plants.

What are flowers?

An adaption for attracting insects and achieving pollination.

What are the fertile parts of flowers?

Stamens and Carpel

What are the sterile parts of flowers?

Sepals and Petals

What is the platform at the top of the flower stalk that have Stamens, Carpel, Sepals, and Petals are attached to?

The Receptacle

What are complete flowers?

Flowers that have all parts.

What are flowers lacking one or more of the basic parts?

Incomplete

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What are Whorls?

The concentric rings around the receptacle on which the parts of flowers are arranged.

What is the other name for carpels?

Pistils

What are female gametophytes that produce the female gametes?

Ovules

What does the stigma do?

Receives the pollen.

What does the ovary do?

Encloses the ovules.

Fertilized ovules mature into _____ and the ovary becomes a _______.

Seeds and Fruit

A Simple fruit is formed from a ____________ from a _____________.

Single ovary and single flower.

Fruits that develop from multiple flowers are called _______________.

Multiple fruits

What is a group of simple fruits that are joined together?

Aggregate fruit

What is the pericarp?

The three layers of a fruit.

What is the outer layer of a fruit.

Exocarp

What is the middle layer of a fruit?

Mesocarp

What is the inner layer of a fruit?

Endocarp

What is a dichotomous key?

A tool developed by biologists to identify organisms into groups.

What is seed dispersal?

The way that the seeds are carried away.

What are the three types of body symmetry in animals?

Asymmetrical, Radial, and Bilateral.

What is Asymmetrical symmetry?

There is no plane of body symmetry

What is Radial symmetry?

The body parts radiate from the center.

What is Bilateral symmetry?

The organism has a left and a right side

What is a Coelom?

A body cavity, a fluid filled space located between the digestive tract and the outer body wall.

What is the middle layer of embryonic tissue which completely lines a true body cavity?

Mesoderm tissue.

What are animals which are lacking a body cavity?

Acoelomate

What are animals which have a body cavity only partially lined by mesoderm?

Pseudocoelomate

What are animals which have a true body cavity lined by mesoderm?

Coelomate

What Phylum are modern day sponges in?

Phylum Porifera

What Phylum are jellyfish in?

Phylum Cnidaria

What is a gastrovascular cavity?

A digestive compartment with a single opening serving as both mouth and anus.

What Phylum are flatworms a part of?

Phylum Platyhelminthes

What Phylum are Mollusks a part of?

Phylum Mollusca

What Phylum are roundworms a part of?

Phylum Nematoda

What is an example of an animal in Phylum Annelida?

The earthworm

What Phylum comprises approximately 2/3 of all species?

Phylum Arthropoda

What is Class insecta?

Arthropods with three-part bodies and three pairs of walking legs such as butterflies and beetles.

What is Class Chelicerta?

Arthropods with two-part bodies and four pairs of walking legs, like spiders and ticks.

What were the first vertebrates?

Small fish-like organisms from Phylum Chordata and Subphylum Vertebrata.

What class are jawless fish in?

Cephalaspidomorphi

What class are sharks and rays in?

Chondirichthyes

What class are bony fish in?

Osteichthyes

What is another name for appendages?

Parapodia

What are setae?

Little prickly projections on the side of an earthworm.

What is the anterior end of a worm?

The Head end

What is the posterior end of a worm?

The tail end

What is the back or top side of a worm?

The dorsal side

What is the belly side called?

The Ventral side.

What is the prominent region of an earthworm?

The swollen band posterior to the head, called the Clitellum.

Where can the male genital pores be found on an earthworm?

On the ventral side.

What are sperm grooves used for?

Sperm travels posteriorly along them to the female genital pores of the other worm.

What are the walls the divide the segments of the worm internally called?

Septa

What is the Pharynx?

The tube which connects the mouth with the esophagus

What does the esophagus do?

Carries food to the crop

What do the crop and gizzard do?

Store and Grind food

What are spiracles?

Small pores located in the exoskeleton along the sides of the abdomen which allow a grasshopper to breathe.

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