Worried about identity theft?Have old personal papers lying about the house. The Westchester County Mobile Shredder is coming to the Joseph G. Caputo Community Center, 95 Broadway on Saturday, May 7 from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.Its purpose:to help you shred and destroy personal documents in an effort to combat the fastest growing crime in the nation – identity theft.It’s a good idea to shred documents you are no longer using, like old documents and bills that bear personal identifying information such as name, address, phone number, credit card number or social security number.Paper from business, schools, institutions or commercial enterprises will not be accepted. Before you go, come prepared:remove all metal clips, fasteners, binders, folders and hard covers and place the papers loosely in a box.Up to four boxes file-size (10”x12”x15”) of papers are allowed for shredding by each resident.

Village of Ossining to Release Requests for Proposals on Main Street Sites The Village of Ossining released Requests for Proposals on April 1, 2011 for two village owned sites located at 147-155 Main Street (the “We Can Do It” site) and 200 Main Street (the Ossining Bank for Savings building). The Requests will seek submissions from interested developers for the redevelopment of both parcels, the first being comprised of a vacant lot, and the second containing an existing historic structure. The due date for the Request for Proposals (RFPs) for these sites will be due June 3, 2011. To download the RFPs please see www.villageofossining.org . Interested parties can contact Valerie Monastra, Village Planner, at 914-762-6232 or vmonastra@ossbuilding.org

Westchester County Legislator Bill Burton hosts...partnering for success in a changing employment landscape, Wednesday, May 11th 7:00pm to 8:30pm, The Ossining Library, 53 Croton Avenue, there are signs that the economy is bouncing back,albeit slowly. How do you position yourself in this changing climate to take advantage of opportunities that will surely arise? Are you in the middle of changing careers and would like to re-position yourself in the digital space? Need some tips on resume building and interviewing techniques? We have assembled a team of professionals to speak about where the Hudson Valley is positioned in the employment landscape and how you can adapt to changing employment landscape.If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact Daysi Briones at 914.995.2838 or DaysiB@westchesterlegislators.comor Lisa Penberthy at 914.995.2838 or LisaP@westchesterlegislators.com. Admission to this community event is FREE.

“personal branding” and leveraging individual strengths in the job search.

• Susan Hacker of Westchester Community College, will speak about resume writing

skills and proven interviewing techniques.

• John Nelson, Labor Market Analyst from the NYS Dept of Labor, will speak about the

state of the labor market in the Hudson Valley-where we’ve been and where are we

headed.

Significant Tree List Nominations! The Environmental Advisory Council of the Village of Ossining is compiling a potential list of significant trees. These would be trees selected based on specimen quality or historical significance. If you think you’d like to nominate a tree within the village, get details at Villageofossining.org (scroll to Environmental Advisory Council under Boards and Commissions).

The Village Board is seeking applicants to serve onthe Environmental Advisory Council and the Landlord Tenant Relations Council (1 tenant vacancy, 2 landlord vacancies and 1 impartial member.) For additional information on any of these Boards or to send a letter of interest contact the Assistant Village Manager, Ingrid Richards at 16 Croton Avenue, Ossining, New York 10562, irichards@villageofossining.org or 941-3554.

FREE OPERA LECTURE SERIES - TACONIC OPERA, APRIL 25 – JULY 18, 2011,Part II of a free lecture series, Viva Verdi!, regarding the operas of Giuseppe Verdi will be held at the Mt. Kisco Public Library, 100 Main St., Mt. Kisco, NY, on Mondays at 2:00 pm starting on April 25 and ending on July 18, 2011.The operas to be presented in their order in the series are 4/25/11 Les Vepres Siciliennes, Arnold, and Simon Bochanegra, 5/2/11 Un Ballo un Maschera, 5/9/11La Forze del Destino, 5/16/11Don Carlo, 7/11/11Aida, 7/18/11Otello and Falstaff.The series will be presented by a member of the Board of Directors of Taconic Opera.Registration is not required. For additional information regarding Taconic Opera, visit the company website at www.taconicopera.org. http://mountkiscolibrary.org/

Wildflowers of Westchester, Wildflower Island Guide Training: May 22, June 12 and July 10 from 10:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Wildflower Island, a unique, two acre refuge within the greater Teatown Lake Reservation preserve, depends on dedicated volunteers to educate the public about its 230 native and endangered species of wildflowers.Guided 1 ¼ hour tours are given by Island volunteer guides during the months of April through August.Guides are expected to lead at least 6 tours a year or work the equivalent hours on Wildflower Island.Guide requirements/ qualifications include:

Working with small groups of visitors in a leadership position to answer questions and sharing your knowledge and love of wildflowers with all who visit this idyllic setting;

Learning background information on a variety of topics related to WildflowerIsland; and

Being friendly, physically active, outgoing and tolerant of all kinds of weather.

No experience is necessary; training sessions will prepare the individual to lead the tours and share information about the unique features of the 230 species of native plants that inhabit the island located within TeatownLake. Training will be held on May 22, June 12 and July 10 from 10:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.in the NatureCenter and will consist of a discussion on a special topic of study followed by a walk of WildflowerIsland. Anyone interested in learning to become a Wildflower Island Guide is welcome anytime during the season. A mentor will be assigned to new trainees to help them learn the wildflowers during the first year. Please contact Beth Rhines at (914) 762-2912, ext. 115 or brhines@teatown.org for more details or to register for a training session.

The Northern Westchester Model Railroad Club. Worlds Greatest Hobby.”NMRA Metro North Division The Metro North Division of the National Model Railroading Association (NMRA) will be meeting in the New Canaan Historical Society. Their remaining meeting before the Summer break is scheduled for Saturday, May 21. Most meetings consist of two seminars on various aspects of model railroading and then layout visits to local model railroaders. Previous meetings have covered DCC and water in scenery. The meetings start at 9:30AM. Here’s a link for more up to date info: http://www.metronorthnmra.org/

SLEEPY HOLLOW, New York- Phelps Memorial Hospital Center's Healthy Life series continues to offer the community a wide range of programs on health-related subjects, as well as numerous health screenings and support groups. All events take place on the Phelps campus, 701 North Broadway in Sleepy Hollow, unless otherwise noted. Thursday, May 5 and 19 - Evening Bereavement Support Groups will be held on the first and third Thursdays of the month from 6:30 - 8:00 pm. The group is facilitated by Bereavement Coordinator Bess Steiger, CSW, in Conference Room 225, 755 North Broadway. Suggested donation: $10 per session. Call (914) 366-3325 or email bsteiger@pmhc.us for information. Phelps Memorial Hospital Center is a 238-bed community hospital with 450 medical staff, representing 50 clinical specialties. Phelps is the exclusive Westchester satellite for Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and a member of the Stellaris Health Network.

The Charles L. BrieantCommunity Center will be hosting the following event: May 7th: A celebration of the Foods and Wines of the greater Ossining area. In development: A Youth Art Show that celebrates the history of Ossining. For further information, contact Norman H. Fulton at 941-0000 or email brieantcenter@comcast.net.

Courageous Conversations, Parent Film Series, Self Esteem and Bullying, Please join us at the Ossining Public Library Theater on Monday, May 9th, 2011 from 7 to 9pm.The final installment of our film series will feature excerpts from the Dateline episode My Kids Would Never Bully as well as the PBS documentary A Cry For Help and will be presented by DeShannon Bowens and Melanie Spencer

DeShannon Bowens is the founder of ILERA Counseling and Education Services and currently serves and ILERA's lead professional development trainer and therapist. She has worked with social service agencies providing individual & support group counseling for adult survivors of sexual trauma. Through ILERA, she has also implemented trainings and programs at churches, educational institutions and non-profit agencies focusing on: child sexual abuse, domestic violence, sexuality & spirituality as well as vicarious trauma & wellness. Melanie Spencer has worked in several areas of human services which include: assisting victims of crime, suicide, bullying support and intervention, and family literacy. Most recently, Spencerserved as program director for an after school program in Westchester County, NY.also conducted several student youth forums and panel discussions on youth related issues and is a two-time graduate of Metropolitan College of New York with both a Bachelor of Professional Studies in Human Services and a Master’s in Public Administration. If you have a teen you don’t want to miss this.

THE TRUTH ABOUT HIGH GASOLINE PRICES! To find out see A Crude Awakening on May 12th, 2011, 7:00 P.M. at The Theatre at the Ossining Public Library, 53 Croton Avenue, Ossining. A 90 minute documentary on the planet's dwindling oil resources produced and directed by award-winning European journalists and filmmakers Basil Gelpke and Ray McCormack, tells the story of how our civilization’s addiction to oil puts it on a collision course with geology. Compelling, intelligent, and highly entertaining, the film visits with the world’s top experts and comes to a startling, but logical conclusion – our industrial society, built on cheap and readily available oil, must be completely re-imagined and overhauled.

The Ossining Farmers Market moved indoors. Community Markets sponsors the market located at the Briarcliff Congregational Church, 30 S. State Roadevery Saturday from 9 am to 1pm through May 21st. The market features fresh local, certified organic produce, artisinal organic breads and organic chicken and beef, pickles, fish, pork, chicken, eggs, cheese, milk, yogurt, butter, herbs, baked goods and specialty foods, handmade chutney, and mushrooms. Visit our website for more details: www.communitymarkets.biz. Plenty of parking on site or in over flow parking at the Briarcliff Library.

Join the OPL for an Opening Reception & Dedication for “Embrace” on Saturday, May 14 -The Ossining Public Library recently received a new sculpture to be enjoyed by patrons in the Library Gallery. The wooden sculpture, entitled Embrace, was created in 1956 by former Ossining resident Albert Wein and generously donated by the late artist’s wife, Deyna Wein. The public is invited to drop in and celebrate this intricate, beautiful work over light refreshments in its new permanent home on Saturday, May 14 from 2-4pm in the Library Gallery. Embrace, a four-foot tall wood sculpture of a young couple in romantic entanglement was created in 1956 as an engagement present to Wein’s wife, Deyna. Very few artists of the twentieth century have so successfully achieved a balance between the extremes of Classicism and Modernism as did Albert Wein.His sound foundation of academic excellence provided the basis for the stylized, modernistic approach that set him apart from his contemporaries. The son of artist Elsa Wein, Albert Wein was born in 1918 and began training at the Maryland Institute at age 9. Wein’s early experience with sculpture inspired him to “modernize and stylize the classical tradition.” Throughout his childhood, Wein studied at the National Academy of Design and continued into adulthood exploring sculpture at the Beaux-Arts Institute and the American Academy in Rome. Throughout his career, Wein created sculptures for synagogues, private collections and also worked as a set designer for theater and television. Wein and his family moved to Ossining in the mid-1970s and continued to study and create until his death in 1991. Besides the OPL, Wein’s sculptures can be admired at the Museum of Fine Arts in St. Petersburg, FL and the Cummer Museum of Fine Arts & Gardens in Jacksonville, FL. A full retrospective of his work was on display at the Boston Athenaeum in 2008.

On Sunday, May 15, the Ossining Library Foundation will present singer-songwriter Willie Nile at 2pmin the intimate 200-seat Budarz Theaterat the Ossining Public Library. The concert is part of an ongoing “Words and Music” performance series curated by Ossining resident Alan Marzelli. Doors open at 1:30pm. Seating is limited and on a first come, first served basis. The Ossining Public Library is located at 53 Croton Avenue in Ossining. For more information, call (914) 941-2416 or visit http://ossininglibrary.org/. Born and raised in Buffalo, Willie Nile grew up surrounded by music, studying piano and classical music into his teens. After finishing college, Nile made New York City his home in the midst of the vibrant punk and post-punk era, where he frequented historically famous clubs such as CBGB’s and Max’s Kansas City. Nile began performing regularly at Kenny’s Castaways in Greenwich Village, where his harrowing and rousing story-songs led him to a record deal with Arista Records. Nile’s illustrious career has wrought seven studio records and three live albums, most recently releasing The Innocent Ones, an album reflecting on the “innocent victims” of man’s inhumanity around the world, whether through war, neglect or ignorance.

OPEN HOUSE at Congregation Sons of Israel, 1666 Pleasantville Road, Briarcliff Manor, NY.Sunday, May 15th from 10 am – 12 Noon.Meet our professional staff, tour the facility and enjoy a bagel and a beverage.This is for prospective members and Nursery School families (we also have an awesome Nursery School Summer Camp!) – open to all; bring a friend. (914) 762 –2700 or Ellen@csibriarcliff.org.

TECHNOLOGY WORKSHOP AT THE BRIARCLIFF MANOR PUBLIC LIBRARY: DOWNLOADING E-BOOKS & AUDIOBOOKS FOR FREE! (Registration Required - call 941-7072 or e-mail at sglick@wlsmail.org)Find out how to download free E-books and Audiobooks from the Library's Overdrive catalog for use on a Nook, Apple Device (I-Pad, I-Phone, I-Pod), smartphone and more. (Overdrive for Kindle coming soon!) An expert from the Westchester Library System will be at the Briarcliff Manor Public Library to answer your questions and provide demonstrations.Tuesday, May 17 at 6:30 pm.

Crazy Heart Is May Feature At International Film Festival By Maryknoll Fathers And Brothers, Maryknoll, New York – April 26, 2011– Crazy Heart will be the featured film for May as part of the 2010-2011 International Film Festival sponsored by the Maryknoll Fathers and Brothers. It will be shown Friday, May 20, 7:30 p.m. at the Maryknoll Mission Center, 55 Ryder Road in Ossining. Admission is free.Crazy Heart is a2009 U.S. film from director Scott Cooper.The story centers around a faded country music musician who is forced to reassess his dysfunctional life during a doomed romance that also inspires him. The film festival provides nine monthly offerings from September to April. The current series, Life through Death: Self-giving Love and the Joy of Reconciliation, includes an introduction by a Maryknoll missioner and a brief discussion after the screening.For more information contact:Nancy Kleppel at 914-941-7590 or nkleppel@maryknoll.org.

Please join us for an Open House Saturday, June 11th from 1 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. at Willowbrook Swim & Tennis, 586 Millwood Road, Mount Kisco, NY. Stop by to see our large heated pool, new playground, and eight Hartru tennis courts. For additional information on membership and /or seasonal rentals please call Kelly Blacker (914) 241-3459 or Michelle Saccurato (914) 261-9853. http://www.willowbrookswim.org/index.html

SUNY WCC SUMMER INFO: Irene Kent a native of OSSINING is teaching once again Adult Beg. Ballet at SUNY Westchester Community College. The summer ballet course runs from June 5th thru Aug 7th, 2011 for 10 Session.Classes will be held on Sunday's from 11:30am till 1:30pm. SUNY WCC Tel: 914-606-6830 and their website is www.sunywcc.edu/ce/registration. For more information on Irene please visit her website at: www.star-bound.comCourse Description: Advanced Beginner/Intermediate Ballet- Explores the foundations of ballet in a fun, active environment. Students will gain a progressively larger understanding of ballet fundamentals, which when combined together creates “dance”. Class sessions will include: barre work, center floor, adagio, pirouettes, petite allegro, and grande allegro. Emphasis is placed on correct body alignment and use of terminology. Students will work on dance combinations to improve technical skill, memory, and performance.

The community of Ossining will be hosting its fourth Relay For Life event on June 4-5, 2011 at Anne M. Dorner Middle School. Whether a part of a team or not – all are welcome. Beginning at 7 pm on Saturday until 7 am the next morning, teams of students have committed to having one team member on the track at all times to show their commitment to the fight against cancer. Everyone in the community joins together by helping out in any way they can from donating to a team, providing an in-kind donation to help with the cost of the event, or coming out that night to support the ‘relay teams’! Relay For Life is an event where people come to celebrate those who have survived cancer, remember those we’ve lost, and fight back against a disease that touches too many lives. As mentioned before, throughout the length of the event teams commit to having one person on the track at all times, relay style. To keep everyone motivated, there will be entertainment, activities and a very special reception for cancer survivors and their families to celebrate what they have overcome. Should you be interested in supporting this event or getting involved, please contact Nicole at nicole.gauthier@cancer.org or at 914-397-8844. You can also learn more by going to the event website, www.relayforlife.org/ossiningny.

Teatown’s Natural Science Summer Day Camp 2011 is jam-packed with adventure, discovery and hands-on fun in the out-of-doors. We’re catching frogs, collecting bugs, climbing rocks and exploring natural habitats all summer long! Teatown Camp brings kids outside to learn about and explore the natural world in our two-week sessions that provide age-specific activities to encourage the spirit of discovery. Four two-week camp sessions begin on June 27th and end on August 19th. Six different camp groups are comprised of children ages 4 through 14. Children 15 years old by June 1st may apply to be a CIT; 16 year olds may apply for a Junior Counselor position; and those 18 and up may apply to be a Senior Counselor. Before and after care is available.

Four and five year old campers can choose from two half-day sessions, either 9am - 12pm or 1:30pm - 4:30pm. Six and seven year olds can also choose from either half-day session or a full day of 9am - 3pm. All other age groups attend the full day session of 9am - 3pm. Each session includes exploration and creative play that fosters children's’ innate curiosity while teaching ecology and stewardship in Teatown’s abundant meadows, forests, lake and streams. Camp session dates for 2010 are:

For more information about TeatownLake Reservation and Teatown's Summer Camp and registration, please visit our website at www.teatown.org or call Teatown at 914-762-2912.

Spring is on its way! Teatown Lake Reservation announces the spring schedule for its popular Children’s Discovery Programs, which include programs for young children ages 2 - 5 and School Break Minicamps for children ages 4 - 12 years old.

RED BULL NEW YORK PARTNERS WITH AYSO 201 OSSINING TO HOST SUMMER CAMP PROGRAM, HARRISON, NJ– Red Bull New York is excited to announce a partnership with AYSO 201 Ossining to offer a one-week youth soccer camp program. The partnership will bring a professional Red Bulls soccer camp to the local community on August 1 – August 5, 2011. The camp will be held at Cedar Lane Park. The New York Red Bulls Soccer Camps are the area’s only training programs that are operated by a professional Major League Soccer team. Every child will leave the camp a better player having progressed through a technical and tactical training curriculum that has been designed by youth development experts. All instruction is provided by highly qualified Red Bulls youth coaching staff. Campers are also exposed to aspects of the professional game and get to learn what it takes to progress to the next level.Every camper is also invited to attend a professional Red Bulls game and live the experience of watching their role models in action, at the club’s new stadium, Red Bull Arena.Additional privileges and rewards will include a Red Bulls ball and t-shirt as well as an evaluation from a highly qualified trainer. For further information on the camp please visit www.redbullsacademy.com or call 1-888-370-7287.

Taconic Opera.If you’ve always wanted the opportunity to perform in an opera, here it is.This is an open invitation for all voice parts to join Taconic Opera’s chorus for the 2011 fall performances of Verdi'sNabucco!This will be a FULLY STAGED production with full union orchestra and sets/costumes, in Italian with English supertitles above the stage.All lead singers and orchestra members are experienced professionals.Performances will be at the Yorktown Stage in Yorktown, NY, on October 21-22 at 8:00 pm, and an October 23 matinee at 2:00 pm; and a reprisal performance at SUNY Purchase in conjunction with Harrison Friends of Opera on Nov. 5, 8:00pm.There is NO MEMBERSHIP FEE to join the company, but all singers will be required to supply their own scores and help put together their costumes.Nabucco, one of Verdi’s most beloved operas, contains a treasure trove of choruses, including the famous Va pensiero (Chorus of Hebrew Slaves).Singers need not be frightened - this is easier to do than you might imagine, and it is an incredibly exciting, satisfying and FUN performance experience.Music rehearsals begin on June 25 and will run on Weds from 7:00-9:00 pm, and Sats from 3:00-5:00pm.Staging rehearsals begin mid-September and try to adhere to the Wed/Sat calendar as much as possible.Don’t hesitate to call to discuss your particular availability. Rehearsal Location: Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, 801 Kitchawan Road (Route 134) Ossining, NY 10562. If interested or need additional information to decide, please contact Mary Corda, Taconic Opera Communications Director, at divamaryc@aol.com or 914-649-1826.For more information about our company, including our philosophy and production photos, please visit our website:www.taconicopera.org.

Volunteers needed to help seniors -- Community Helping Hands, an aging in place organization serving Greater Ossining and Briarcliff, welcomes volunteers from all walks of life and offers them the opportunity to help their older neighbors. Whether you have an hour to spare or can devote more time, we have an opportunity for you! For information about their next meeting and volunteer orientation: call 914-346-7773 or email them at: communityhelpinghandsossining@gmail.com.

Green Community Garden of Hope starting up on Mariandale’s grounds! If you want to join, volunteer, donate, or sponsor this exciting effort, please email:GCGH@live.com or call Andrea Kimmich-keyser 914-980-3974. Work parties are being scheduled for this month, as are plot assignments!

Register today for the We Can! program (Ways to Enhance Children’s Activity and Nutrition)! This FREE program targets families with children aged 8-14 years, and is being offered in the community in an effort to change unhealthy behaviors now and for the future of our children. Classes are held in Ossining on Monday nights for 4 weeks starting in May. Parents will learn new ways to motivate their children, tips & skills to promote smart food choices, and physical activity habits for the family. Children aged 8-14 will engage in aerobic, anaerobic and weight-bearing exercises, as well as flexibility! This program is being offered in English and Spanish. Space is limited and registration is required - for more information, contact Lori-Beth Patsey at Open Door Family Medical Center (914) 502 1448 or lpatsey@ood.org.

The recently launched Westchester Collaborative Theater [WCT] is pleased to invite playwrights, actors and directors who are interested in becoming company members to submit material for consideration. Who We Are: an Ossining based theater group meeting bi-monthly at the: Camille Budarz Theater, Ossining Public Library, 53 Croton Ave, Ossining. New works are read and critiqued as part of the company’s ongoing lab process, which is focused on developing staged readings and full productions. Our first public reading, a one-act festival, has been announced for June. We are a multi-cultural, cooperative theater company in the process of establishing not-for-profit status. Our stated missions are: furthering the skills of our members; developing new plays of merit; and fostering cultural enrichment in our surrounding communities. Who You Are: an actor, writer or director residing in the Westchester, Rockland, Putnam County area who enjoys the collaborative theater process and the excitement of participating in the development of new plays. Writers who would like to participate forward sample scripts of no more than 20 pages. Interested actors/actresses and directors forward headshots, resumes and inquiries to: wctcompany@gmail.com

Help AmeriCorps Help Head Start!: This growing season, the pre-schoolers at St. Matthew’s will participate in the Ossining Organic Community Garden. As many children increasingly associate food with plastic packaging and McDonalds, it is vital to foster a connection between kids and growing food. Open Door’s AmeriCorps Members, with the assistance of Westchester Cornell Cooperative Extension, will teach the children where food comes from, the importance of friendly insects, and the joy of picking fresh organic vegetables to eat!...But we can’t do it without your support!We are seeking donations of new or gently used children’s gardening hand trowels, children’s aprons, and financial assistance to purchase gardening gloves for tiny hands! To make a donation, or for more information, please contact Sara Raab: 914-502-1357 or sraab@ood.org

Looking for OHS Class of ’76 Alumni: If you remember The Hill, The Truck, the new-found freedom of the Humanities program, and football uniforms that said INDIANS on them, chances are good you were a member of-related to- or otherwise know- someone who was in the class of 1976. Please go to class website http://www.therightbyte.com/ohs76/ and click Missing Classmates see if you know, and can get in touch with any of the people we are trying to find. We will be voting on reunion options by the end of the month, and want to have as many people back in the loop as possible.

OHS CLASS OF 1971 looking for classmates from 1969 to 1973 to be included in a 40th REUNION PARTY hosted by the class of 1971 on September 24, 2011 at the Doubletree Hotel in Tarrytown. Other activities are planned for the weekend. They are also looking for classmates who changed schools or moved away before graduation. If you are a member of our class, or fit any of the above categories, please contact Susan Knell (knell.susan@gmail.com) or Madeline Reamy (mreamy@mindspring.com) so that we can update your information, and send you an invitation!

Orchid Condominiums at 73 Spring Street in Ossining: One-bedroom condominiums $130,000, two-bedroom condominiums $160,000. Maximum Income Limits Apply ($58,600 -$83,800, based on number of persons in household.) Why rent when you can own your own home, for more information please call IFCA 941-5252. Applications are available.

Do you have an event or information that you would like included in this web blast? If so please submit to Ingrid Richards at the Village of Ossining at irichards@villageofossining.orgSubmissions included in this listing are intended solely to inform of events and information of general interest to subscribers. The Village of Ossining does not necessarily endorse or support organizations or entities whose events and / or activities are listed above. The Village makes no representation as to the accuracy thereof, nor does it assume any liability in connection with same. ?Please don't print this e-mail unless necessary.