In the present paper the author throws more light on the social, political,religious, literary, and cultural aspects of the dervish orders in the Yugoslavlands at the time of Ottoman rule (XIV – XIX century), and especially inBosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Kosovo, and partly in Serbia. It is wellknown that the dervishes participated in the conquest of Yugoslav lands by the Turks, in the founding of settlement, the spreading of Islam, and in Islamicoriental culture and literature. By way of illustration the present author discussesthe first missionaries: Ayni-Dede and Shamsi-Dede, dervish Khorasaniin Bosnia, and Meddah-Baba, who is considered the conqueror of Skopje. Itis well known that there was a coalition of Ottoman authorities and theOrthodox Sufi orders: Mawlawi, Naqshibendi, Halveti, Qadiri, Rif’ai, andothers, whose institutions were founded mostly by the wealthy Ottomanaristocracy, the chief representatives of the Ottoman authorities in theseparts, as well by the others, and that they were supported by rich endowments(waqf).However, the heterodox Sufi orders, the Khurufis, Khalendaris, Khaidaris,Hamzawis, Bektashis, and others, and especially those with shii and alewitendencies, were in opposition to the Ottoman authorities and the Ottomansocial order. Some of them recognized the Shah of Iran as their lawful ruler,whom them supported, and on whose behalf they rebelled. As an example ofthis attitude, the present author describes the social and political situation andthe rebellious character of the Hamzawi in Bosnia and Herzegovina, at thehead of which Shaikh Hamza Bali stood in the 15th century (he was executedin 1573, together with his twelve caliphs at Tahtakale in Istanbul). As an order(brotherhood) the Hamzawis had an independent internal organization – courtsof law, and other things, and acted as an independent body within the OttomanEmpire. In an uprising in 1582, the Hamzawis formed a government: Mehmed,son of Hassan, was to be Sultan, Hussein-agha, the vizier, Memi, son ofIskander – defterdar, Ali-Khavadja – qadi-asker, etc., and this governmentwas supposed to take over when the time came. Therefore they were executedimmediately, so that hardly any memory of them and their important representativesremained in later epochs.