The subgenus Pseudochorisodontium as circumscribed by Brotherus (1924) was not exclusive, because it includes taxa that are not distinguishable from other subgenera of Dicranum. During our study of Chinese Dicranum species, we found that a group of species share a peculiar feature of sporophyte structure in which the peristome teeth are absent. This feature in combination with other characters gives the group generic recognition. The genus Pseudochorisodontium, including six species, is found to be restricted to Himalayan regions and the southwestern high plateau of China. The characteristics of the genus are: 1) leaves generally with broadly ovate or oblong-ovate base, abruptly to gradually narrowed to a setaceous or subulate acumen; 2) alar cells 2–5 stratose, inflated, reddish brown; 3) capsules erect, cylindric, symmetric, not strumose, and without stomata; and 4) peristome teeth absent or highly reduced.