carriage by sea

carriage by sea

a contract to carry goods or passengers by sea. Carriage of passengers or goods by sea depends on the individual contracts involved; such a contract may exclude or limit liability for damage to goods, or death or injury to passengers. However, international contracts are governed by international conventions. The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971 gave force of law to the Hague-Visby rules. The Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992 improved certain aspects of the law under which goods are shipped, reforming and replacing the Bills of Lading Act 1855.

Unlike the Hague Rules, which apply only to the shipment of goods that have been issued bills of lading in the Contracting States, the Hamburg Rules apply to every contract of carriage by sea, regardless of the document proving the conclusion of the contract.

Carriage by sea of noxious substancesThe European Parliament adopted a report by Paolo Bartolozzi (EPP-ED, Italy), approving, without further amendment, a draft Council Decision to allow the Member States, to ratify, in the interests of the EU, the 1996 International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea (HNS Convention).

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