The Sultanate of Oman is located in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula, with a population of 4 million and an economy predominantly dependent on oil. The country is one of the most water scarce in the world and climate change is likely to worsen drought and desertification, threaten water security and disrupt agricultural production. Rising temperatures increase the risk of heat-related morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the incidence and severity of natural disasters, such as the cyclones experienced in recent years, are expected to rise.