Material Information

Title:

Current membership of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Congress of the United States Joint Committee on Atomic Energy membership, publications, and other pertinent information through the 94th Congress, 1st session, March 1976

Physical Description:

v, 81 p. : ; 24 cm.

Language:

English

Creator:

United States -- Congress. -- Joint Committee on Atomic Energy

Publisher:

U.S. Govt. Print. Off.

Place of Publication:

Washington

Publication Date:

1976

Subjects

Subjects / Keywords:

Nuclear energy -- Bibliography ( lcsh )

Genre:

federal government publication ( marcgt )non-fiction ( marcgt )

Notes

General Note:

At head of title: 94th Congress, 2d session. Joint committee print.

Record Information

Source Institution:

University of Florida

Rights Management:

All applicable rights reserved by the source institution and holding location.

One of the declared purposes of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 i-
to provide for "the di.'semination of unclassified scientific and tc(h-
nical information * so as to encollrage scientific and indijtriial
progress." It is with this policy in mind that the Joint Comilittee has-
published this pamphlet. On the pages that follow there is considerable
information that can be of material assistance to any citizen deiring-
access to unclassified atomic energy data.
Included in the information set forth within is a comprehensive list
of the unclassified publications issued by the Joint Committee since its
formal establishment by Congress; references to and brief descriptions
of atomic energy legislation that has been enacted since the first
such enactment in 1946; a complete list of the legislative reports of
the committee; a tabulation of committee reports on agreements for
cooperation; and the names and locations of Energy Research and
Development Administration depository libraries in this country
and abroad. Also included are tables tracing the membership of the
committee and the Atomic Ener-gy Commission, the Enercgy Re-
search and Development Administration, and the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission from their inception; a table reflecting the length of
service on the committee and its various subcommittees of each
current member; and a statement of the committee's organization
and functions. There is also included a report to Congress on the
activities and accomplishments of the committee during the mo-t
recently completed session of Congress.
It is the committee's hope that this informative publication will be
of assistance to the Congress and interested citizens.
JOHN 0. PASTORE,
Ciairmnan, Joint Corrmmittee on Atomric Enmrgy.
MELVIN PRICE,
Vice Chairman.

(III)

CONTENTS

Page
I. Membership of the Joint Committee and its subcommittee c-, 94.th
Congress, first ss-esion (1975)-------------------------------- 1
II. Organization and functions of the Joint Committee on Atomic
Energy ---------------------------------------------3----- 3
III. Service of current membership of the Joint Committee----------- 11
IV. Membership of the Joint Committee, 1945-76------------------- 13
V. Assignment of Joint Committee members to other commit, ,- of
Congress------------------------------------------------- 18
VI. Membership of the Atomic Energy Commission, Nu

The J,',itt ('omlnitlee ,(' n T Atolic hnen ._i :' \: -!I% 0- 1 ):4.!iiz(ld oni
A ugust 2, 194;', ) 11i1 It to t ke At':',( c 1iery Act. of of iI (I)li
faw 7J-55). Te ,Joil.t, (Co)mmlittee did not In o o)le filly op ".,tii.-,
tlowever, until tlhe convenin- of the .oI Ie h C( o I,'I it 1(47. The (1
in, le'.i-l.-ition 1)ro'i(le(d tllatf tHie ,o)ilit (, 11111ui1tee (-ot of 1ine
1iei -e r-i f:m tlie Se eiate and( n1in(e neimber- froiI t1lIe 1 House of Rep)-
w-eu'ta8 tives withi not more thi.ii five miembes froIU either (Chliibt er
belo _i(ng,_.1 to tlie .--:ine political i)arty.
T+It lw further provided that, the Joint (Colinittee '-hall -*lert :
chiaiii-ian, ;tind a vice chairman from among its me iibers." n-li -,i .li,
tlie chairman was a M51ember of one Hlouse of (owrre- and the vic
chair ian a \Iember of the other. Until the 83d Congrn-s thle chair-
n:t1 was a MIemiber of the Senate. After the convening, of tlhe S:d,(l
Congress in 1953, Congressian Sterling (Cole of New York. ifoi:i)er
vice chairman of the conimnittee and a member since the O)th Congre--,
was elected chairman. Senator Bourke B. Hickenl,,per of Iowa was
elected( vice ch:tirlman.
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (Public Law 83-703), which sulj'.r-
sedLed the 1946 act, clarified the rotation of the chairman-liip by
specifically providing that-
The chairinan-hip shall alternate between the Senate and the Hoii-e of Repro-
sentatives with each Congress, and the chairman shall be sLl.cted by tlie members
from the House entitled to the chairmanship. The vice chairmanii shall be clio.-scn
from the Huu-c other than that of the chairman by M':.mLrA- of that Hoii-.,.
The Joint Committee is unique in that it is the only joint committee
of Congress authorized to receive and recommend to the Congre,-s
proposed legislattion. It is one of the few committees established by
statute, rather than by rule of each House. Much of its work is con-
ducted in executive session in compliance with the securityy require-
menits of the Atomic Energy Act, although in recent years a majority
of" the AomicE"~ Ac
of its. hearings have been held in public.
The Joint Committee was established as an agent of the Congre-.
and the Ameri.an people, and charged with the responsibility of
making "continuing studies of the activiti-es of the Atomic Energyv
Commission and of problems relating to the development, Ihe. and
control of atomic energy." The existence of the Atomic Energy JCon-
riision was terminated on Janunry 19, 1975, pursuant to the Energy
Reorganization Act of 1974. The AEC's regulatory function- were
ira.insferredl to the Nuclear Reg,',ilatory Com missionn and the otlier
functions were transferred to the Energv" "-Ro-earch and Development
Administration. Thle Joint Committee continues to 1)e the congre--ional
ageTt responsible for the new Conmmission as well as for the inucl,,ar
programs of ERDA. Tlhe functions and re-poniibilities of the Joint
Committee include:
(3)

67 :-P' (.-76----2

Fir:t, the lei-Ative functi;,n, wliich covers nall phaces from the
inittiatoll of ;i h,.,i l:iivc 1 :iure through committee con-ideratioii
,ind (ldeb:,te on the floori- of th IIool-e and :'Senate. All bill.), resolu-
tio,1, 1and other ma tters in the Senate or the House of Representa-
tive- re;atmij; primarily to the development, use, or coidit'ol1 of atomic
energy are required by law to be referred to the Joint Committee for
i
iml,,pirtance, gas r'v:at(r emphasi- is devoted to the pe.-ceful u oes (if
atomic enrgy. Until the enactment of thle Atomic Ennrgy Act of 1954,
ihere lhad been relatively little legislative action by the Joint Com-
lmittee. Since the passage of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, the Joint
Committee has considered and recommended several amendments to
the act each year in order to keep it up to date in a fast-moving field.
Identical bills are usually reported to each House simultaneously, as
arc identical reports containing the Joint Committee's recommenda-
tion; with re-pect to matters within its jurisdiction. Another legislative
function of the Joint Committee consists of the action of the com-
mittee's Senate section in conducting hearings and reporting on
confirmation of certain Presidential appointees.
Second is the "watchdog" function, which is a necessary part of
the operation of a government of separated powers and a vital legis-
lative responsibility. This function was of prime importance when the
AEC was first established and most activities were of a secret nature.
The Joint Committee maintains a close surveillance of the various
aspects of the atomic energy program and the work of the NRC,
ERDA, and Defense Department with a view to insuring that ade-
quate progress is being made, and that public funds appropriated for
the program are being expended wisely and efficiently. ERDA and
N RC are required by law to keep the Joint Committee fully and cur-
rently informed with respect to all of their nuclear activities. The
Department of Defense is required to keep the committee fully and
currently informed with respect to all matters within the Department
relating to the development, utilization, or application of atomic
energy. All other Government agencies are required to furnish any
information requested by the committee with respect to the activities
or responsibilities of those agencies in the field of atomic energy. In
accordance with the latter requirement the Joint Committee receives
briefings from other agencies and departments of the Government, in-
cluding the Department of State and the Central Intelligence Agency.
Third is the policy and review function by which the Joint Com-
mittee, or individual members, propose policy changes or innovations
in the atomic energy program. For example, the Joint Committee has
expedited and supported the naval nuclear propulsion program, the
hydrogen bomb project, an expanded atomic power program, the
preservation of food through irradiation, the utilization of atomic
energy for space applications, and the liquid metal fast breeder
reactor program.
Fourth is the information function, which imposes on the Joint
Committee specific responsibility for providing information to the
Congress and to the public in this important expanding scientific field.
The Joint Committee is required to meet continuing requests for
information as to its activities. Press releases announcing Joint Com-
mittee hearin-s -;nd giving information on matters of concern to the
public in the field of atomic energy are iccued from time to time

SPECIAL STATUTORY DUTIES OF THlE JOINT COM:.:ILTTEE
Authorizing Legislation.-A 1963 amendment of section 261 of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 required prior congre:-ional authorization
of all appropriations for the AE1C, including both construction and
operating funds. This amendment was enacted in order to furflit-i'
insure adequate congressional control over the atomic Cenegv proria,.ni.
Under section 261, Congress' specialized arm-the Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy-reviewed and recommended authorization for
the AEC's entire budget, thereby permitting the Joint Coin,,ittee to
deal effectively with the critical problems min the atomic ,ergy field.
Section 305 of the Energy Reorganization Act of 1971 impo-'ed this
requirement for annual authorizations on ERDA and NRC. The
Joint Committee has cognizance over the NRC authorization- :' nd
the nuclear programs under ERDA. The requirement for authoriziig
legislation has proven of value in many ways. The Joint Committee
receives testimony in both executive and open hearings. The hearings
give a meaningful opportunity for detailed examination of prongrla'
need(, and furni-h needed information to Members of Conile.'-- in
their consideration of the appropriation bills.
-Agreements for Coop-'ation.-oSection lib. of the act defines "..n,,e-
ment for cooperation" as "any agreement with another nation or
regional defense organization, authorized or permitted by section 54,
57, 64, 82, 91c., 103, 104, or 144, and made pursuant to section 123."
The agreemnents may cover cooperation with other n:tion- in either
the military or civilian applications of atomic energy.
The authorized agreements are subject to procediur2 check- -,t
forth in section 123. With respect to agreements for ci,,,.'atir
concerning the civil iies of atomic energy wv.-hich do oft po"vide f,,r
transfer of reactors above a certain size, or fuel for such re.-ctors,
section 123 provides that no such agreement may becom,- effective
until the proposed agreement for cooperation, together with the
,approval of the President and his written determination th:,t t-
forninTce of the agrcnient will promote and will not constitute an
unreasonable ri-k to the common d(efer.-c and security, hn- 1, in

-slbmrittedl to the 1l
while Cngres-> is in ses-sion. iThe section further provides, however, that
lhe Joint Coimimittee "may by resolution in writing waive the con-
ditioll-s of ill ,or ay port iifn of such thirty-day period."
The At,',iie Ei'mr,*v Act of 1954 wasm aIended in 195S (Public
LIw ,,5)-49) l o perilmlit, y-Ilbj t to certain condition,; limitations, and
p r-l I-, ,_, teI.i r e.x,'iz'n e with military allis of specifically
d4'finel, t, O p- of lmjilit. ',y information and materials. In accordance
with -r t'ion 122 d. of the act, such agreements for cooperation on
()f.- of aitoQIic i ,,'.i for mutitil defense purposes, together with the
1pprjov:it ;i I'A (!etemnil:Ition of tlhe President, must be submitted to
the Cor,'o'r- aind refrrod to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy
whic're they must lie for a period of 60 days while Congress is in ses-
sion before becoming effective. However, a proviso to section 123 d.
provide.- th;it any such propos-ed agreement for cooperation shall not
become ef.,ctfive if during such 60-day period the Congress passes a
concuiirront resolution stating in substance that it does not favor the
propo'.l a gree nent for cooperation.
'hie .Atomic Energy Act was amended in 1974 to extend the 60-day
review requirement to any agreement for cooperation or amendment
to :an :Ilkr,'iient which would permit the transfer of a reactor capable
of producing more than 5 megawatts of thermal power or fuel for such
-i reactor. S;,-tion 123 d. was also amended to require that the Joint
Committee submit a report to Congress on any such proposed agree-
ment within 30 days after its receipt. Another 1974 change, to section
54, establis-.hOed a similar procedure for increases in amounts of special
nuclear material which may be distributed to Euratom or IAEA.
JtA2'i,,0 of Special Nuclear Material.-Section 51 of the Atomic
Fergry Act of 1954 authorizes the Atomic Energy Commission (now
NRC and ERDA) to determine materials, other than those specifically
defined under the act, to be special nuclear materials. Such a deter-
mination, together with the President's assent, must be submitted to
tie Joint Committee and a period of'-30 days elapse while Congress
is in .session before that determination becomes effective.
Similarly, in section 61, ERDA and NRC are authorized to deter-
mine materials, other than those specifically defined under the act,
to be source materials (from which special nuclear materials are
derived). As under section 51, the Joint Committee is required to be
notified and a 30-day period must elapse before such determination
can become effective.
Other Sta/tutory Review Provisions.-Similar provisions are contained
in ,section 164, which deals with ERDA's authority to enter into new
contracts or modify or confirm existing contracts for long-term electric
utility service.
Under the provisions of section 58 of the act, before ERDA may
establish any "guaranteed purchase price" or "guaranteed purchase
price period" for licensee-produced plutonium or U233, and before
ERDA may establish any criteria for the waiver of use charges for
special nuclear material, such price, period or criteria must be sub-
mitted to the Joint Committee and a period of 45 days must elapse
while Coiiwress is in session.

JOINT COMMITTEE OPERATIONS
'Ilie operations of the Joint Committee are c,',)(t1,",i i iu
mee,,tin, and hearings of the committee and its le- 1i!te -.ix(-i;i-
I,.itt.'-,. %'o-t -.,--ions on executive busin --s of 'Jh Jo;'n' (U Wii.' i.
1and he:iri'-s on a number of matters of primary irnyr'tl'.tire i'el
by the full coIimmittee with the chairman p,'''-idiln. Al! it..V!ation, td
Joint Co(mmittee reports are considered and appi vedh by tlie f'll
coimmitt ee.
To assist it in the disc ia;'i of its statutory duti., ti. he Join Co(>i-
mitte e has establish-,., six -i.i committees cla:''.,d wivit tlie respon,-
:-ibility of conducting detailed studies of the probleihs alnd pnp re- in
major areas of the atomic energy proL.rra,, and of re;,.rtin their
findlin,-; and recommendatiomi- to the full committee. The JoinJ t ('o,-
mittee is kept fully appri-ed of the work of its subco,
members are invited and ,ir'ed to take part in sul;'oimitee .:.,etis.
TRe Subcrim'itt on Leagisltion was c-tablish 1i in 1 9I5. Tin sub-
conflittee holds hearin-s on the le'_i-lative propo-,is iiiat-.l by ol)r
referred to the committee during each .,--ion of tlie (' n,-,. i,
Iindincs of the subcommittee take the form of recommendt::tio 1s o tohe
full committee which, in turn, has final ,-poii-lbility for :,,,pori
legislation to the CoZmreT-.
Tie Subcontii/tee on Agreen, ,i( t for Cooper:tion w-as estili-.ed
during 1955 to facilitate tlie Joint Committee's execution of its
re.po,-sibility under section 123 c. of the Atomic Enei,,LrYV Act. The
-lbcommittee normally conducts lie.iriis, either iii executive or
public ses,-ions., on all agreements for cooperation sublmnitted to t, e
Joint Committee in accordance with actionn 123 c. ;itd tlio-e submit t *
to the Congrei-s and referred to the Joint ('onmmittee pursu:',;it to

sectlOn 123 d. Activities of the subcommittee with respect to agree-
inen'ts for cooperation for mutual defense purposes are more fully
di ,.ssed earlier in tllis section.
Thei Sutbcommittee on Coimmunities was established in 1955 to review
proposals, receive testimony, and make recommendations with respect
to the establishment of local self-government at communities owned
by thlie Atomic Energy Commission. In addition, it has reviewed and
re,'eommended legislation providing for the sale of federally owned
l)roperties at such communities. IThe recommendations of the sub-
committee were incorporated into S. 2630 (II.R. 7576) which was
enacted into law on August 4, 1955, and is cited as the Atomic Energy
Community Act of 1955 (Public Law 221, 84th Cong.).
Pursuant to this legislation, the communities of Oak Ridge, Tenn.,
and Ricdlnnd, Wash., have become incorporated, self-governing
,.unici)palitics with full responsibility for all municipal functions.
Legislation enacted in 1962 permitted the same opportunity for
private ownership at Los Alamos, New 'Iexico.
i/hr' Sbc,,nmmi'ice on National Security was established in 1975 to
cn.)l()lidate the duties. of the former Subcommittee on Military Appli-
cations and the Subcommittee on Security (both of which were
c11a)lhi-cd in 1953). This subcommittee is responsible for reviewing
-tii p11:-eo of the ERDA program as it relates to the military require-
IeaCts for special nuclear materials and for the application of atomic
.n...... in the interest of national defense and security. It also reviews
ERIDA's security program to evaluate its effectiveness in serving its
dua:l purpose of promoting the common defense and security and
tt v ,1 *I7e..
adUv;'.cinp peacetime c uses of atomic energy.
Thir subcommittee is also concerned with the policies and proce-
durCes of ERDA and other Government agencies with respect to their
s,',.uritv and intelligence activities in the atomic energy field. As
recommended by the subcommittee, the Joint Committee has followed
a policy of seeking continuous reduction of the area of security classifi-
cation in order to attain improved security in a smaller area where a
demonstrable national interest makes security safeguards necessary.
The Subcommittee on ERDA, Environment and Safety was estab-
li:.hed in 1975 to review the activities and proposals of ERDA in the
field of environment and safety. These activities include biomedical
and environmental nnd safety research, operational safety, and waste
management and transportation. The long-term treatment of radio-
active ,-waste is one of the major problems under the jurisdiction of
the Subcommittee.
Tir, Sq,'bcomm' tWe o:. ERDA, Nvclear Energy was also established
in 1975. Is sucommittee, is reponsible for the reactor development
programs of ERDA, including the cooperative power reactor demon-
-st'ation proj-ets, and for the nuclear materials production program.
The development of naval reactors and space nuclear systems, and
the production of radioisotop)es, enriched uranium, and plutonium are
among the programs the subcommittee keeps watch over. The pro-
gi.'' for w1ich th1i Committee is responsible are potential major
contributors to the nation's energy supply.
In edition to the f,,r.:'finw an ad hoc subcommittee composed of
lhe r2lnk-in -ajority and minority comnniittee members from each
iio - rcponil~iityforcon firin" ',
1iou-1 has rc.-.pon.i1 for conirin, thile appointment of persons
prop(o-C. for proft-,ional ,.-;iployment on the committee staff.

under in elaborate and :carefully sullpervied secilritv -.Nten. Every
effort i: niade, through tijpproplJiat e n-e ,Of vaultIs, safe-, b-Olnlid0')roofing,
electronic devices, exclu-ion a rea. FBI inMvet iition of stafl ) personel,
and the mnaintenanlice of ail earned glntiid o1(er1 thle (comnmlittee offices,
to uphold otandlards of s-ecurity viil lnci at lenat ,; high las those of
the executive branch.
OTHER COMMITTEE IIl'ON-I ILITIES AND ACTIVITIES
Under the provi~ion- of the Atomic Energy Act, lthe .Joint Coim-
mittee is ellmowveredl to appoint a staff and employ such expert, coln-
siltantns, technicia:s. qnd other perstonnel nts ay be required to assist
it in the ,dis.eharge of its statutofr\ reponsibiliie". Tlie Joint Conm-
mitt ee ie s ae-o emll)poweredi by law to utilize the services, information,
facilities., and personnel of hlie depnartients and establiiihments of the
Gov-ern i ment inii the (,i-.,ha',le of committee duties.
The obli,!ation on EIRDA, NXRC, and the Defense Department to
keep the. Joint Commit ee fully and currently informed helps assure
a continuing flow of information necessary to the proper discharge
of committee responsibilities. In addition to this type of information,
however, the members of the Joint Committee and of the staff make
frequent vi--its to laboratories, operating sites, and other atomic energy
installations in the United Staie., and abroad. Staff members check
directly on many items reported by ERDA, NRC, and other agencies
in order to obtain clarification or additional information. The Joint
Committee also initiate. special investigations and studies on its own.
In view of the increasing international aspects of atomic energy,
members and staff of the Joint Committee have participated as official
congressional advisers and observers to U.S. delegations at various
international conferences, including the Geneva Conferences on the
Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy in 1955, 1958, and 1964, and the
General Conferences of the International Atomic Energy Agency in
1957-61 and 1963-71. In addition, members and staff have made a
number of tours of foreign atomic energy installations.
The committee staff consists of approximately 20 employees, under
the direction of an executive director. Due to the diverse subject
matter encountered in the field of atomic energy and the highly tech-
nical nature of the problems, the staff does not adhere to a rigidly
functional breakdown within its organization. The staff is, however,
loosely organized into three groups, one responsible for military
matters, another for civil matters, and a legal staff. Professional staff
members are called upon daily to work with a wide variety of problems
covering the entire atomic energy program, including production of
f, -:ionable mat erials, research and development, reactor development,
weapons, and community activities. The staff's responsibility covers
financial, administrative, technical, and legal aspects of these subjects.
In addition the staff serves the committee members on individual
assignments as requested.

NOTE.-I.- iiiii1 B. Johnson was appointed Nov. 17, 1917, to fill vacaimcy reate'i by the resignation from
(',ii.'. of R. Ew'iiig TloIi.L.uml, on July 22, 1947. Lyndon B. Johnsonii was elected to U.S. Senate for term
,,:': *.,.. im- Jan. 3, 'P i9.

NO1TE.-Tom Connally resigned from the Joint Committee effective July 5, 1,72. Lyndon B. Johnson, of
Tix as, was appointed a member of the committee the same aiy. Carl T. Durham was chairman from A ug. 4,
1952. John 0. Pastore was appointed Aug. 8, 1952, to fill the vacancy creo-ed by the death of Brien McMahon
on July 2S., 1952. Henry .\. Jackson was elected to U.S. Senate for term coimme.ni.-ig Jan. 3, 1'.,.-,3.

NOTE.-John 0. Pastore was appointed on June 3, 1933, to fill vacancy created by resignation of Lyndon B.
Johnson as member of the Joint Committee. Edwin C. Johnson resigned as a member of the committee
effective Nov. 8,1951. Albert Gore was appointed the same date.

NoTz.-Norris Cotton was appointed Jan. 23,1969, to fill the vacancy created by the retirement of Bourke
B. Hickenlooper. Catherine May was appointed July 24, 1969, to fill the vacancy created by the death of
William H. Bates on June 22, 1969.

NoTE.-Stuart Symlngtoin was ip'jl.ii t.l on Jan. '-, 1'71, to ill the vacancy createdI by the death of
Richard B. Russell on Jan. 21, 1971. Peter II. Dominick was .kl-iiijit.d on Iedb. I0, 1971, to lilt the v.i. Ii. y
eroated by the rislgiialtItii of Carl T. Curtis on Feb. 4,1971. Howard II. Biaker, Jr., was appointed on Feb.
10, 1971, to fill the vacancy created by the resigrnatlon of Norris Cotton on Feb. 10, l.'71.

Armed Services-Subcommittees:
Military Installations and Facilities.
Research and Development.
Post Office and Civil Service-Subcommittees:
Census and Population.
Postal Facilities, Mail, and Labor Management.
MR. FRANK HORTON
Government Opera tions-Subcommit tees:
Legislation and National Security.
MR. MANUEL LUJAN, Jr.
Interior and Insular Affairs-Subcommittees:
Energy and The Environment.
Water and Power Resources.
MR. MIKE MCCORMACK
Public Works and Transportation-Subcommittees:
Economic Development.
Surface Transportation.
Water Resources.
Science and Technology-Subcommittees:
Energy Research, Development and Demonstration (chairman).
Energy Research, Development and Demonstration (Fossil Fuels).
Environment and the Atmosphere
Science, Research and Technology.
MR. JOHN E; Moss
Government Operations-Subcommittees:
Government Information and Individual Rights.
Legislation and National Security.
Interstate and Foreign Corn mmerce-Subcommittees:
Oversight and Investigations (chairman).

21

MR. MELVIN PRICE
Armed Services (chairiiiaini)-Subcommittees:
Military Coinpensatioii.
Research and Duve lopmeicnt (chairman).
Special Suibcormi ittee on Intelligence.
Democratic Steering :i!,d PFlicy Coimmiiittc.
Standards of Official Cunduct.
IIi,,. Tk.NO RONCALIO
Interior and Insulr Affair--Subcoimmittees:
Energy & the Envirunment.
National Parks and IlRecreation.
Water and Power R.esurccs.
Public Works-Subcjmittcc:
Aviation.
Investigations and Review.
Public Building- and Gro'ids (chairman).

MR. JOHN YOUNG
Rules.

VI. MEMBERSHIP OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY COMMIS-
SION, NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION, AND
ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ADMINIS-
TRATION, 1916-76

AToMrTC INI'.RGY COM3MISSION, 1916-75

[lDates of taking first oath of office]

1949

1950
1952
1953
1954
195.5

11,57

1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
Iff4
1965
1966
1967
196S

V ,69
1970
1971
1972

1973
1974
1975

1946 L1! 'ntli'.l. {himn.

B3cher
Nov. I, I'j
May v, rI. i'

Libby
Oct. 5, i,'51,

Williams
Aug. 13,1959

Haworth
Apr. 17,1961

T.ipe
July 15, 1963

Thionpson 2
June 12, 1969
(3)

Doub
Aug. 17, 1971

(10)

Pike
Oct. 31, 1946

Zuckert
Feb. 2), 1952

Von Neumann
Mar. 15, 1'155
Graham
Sept. 12, 1V457

Ramey
Aug. 31, 1962

Cost'igliola
Oct. 1, 1968
I
Larson a
Sept. 2, 1969

(9

Strll- SS
Nov. 12, 1946

Gle man
Oct. 2, l'j,;0

Campbell
July 27, 1,5)3
1
Vance
Oct. 3, 1955

Wilson
Mar. 22, 1960

Bunting
June 29, 1964

Natrit
Aug. 1, 1966

Seaborg, Chm.
July 1, 1968
1

July 1, 1970 4
I
Schlesinger, Chm.'
Aug. 17, 1971
1

Kriegsman 2
June 12, 1973
(11)

t On July 18, 1968, James T. Ramey vacated the term ending June 30,1969, and began the 5-year term end-
ing June 30,1973.
2 On June 12,1969, Tlios J. Thompson took the oath of office to fill the remainder of the term ending June
30, lT'71, vacated by Gerald F. T;np on April 30,1969.
3 On .-,'.pt. 2, 191, Clarence E. Larson took the oath of office to fill a 5-ye:ar term ending June 30,1974.
4 Upon expiration of the term ending June 30,1970, Glenn T. Seaborg was appointed to a 5-year term end-
ing June 30, l1.C5.
3 On Nov. '.5, 1970, Commissioner Thompson died in a plane crash. His seat was not filled during 1970.
6 Resined Jan. 26, 1973.
7 On F.ib. 6, 1',73. Dr. Ray was designatedd Chairman.
On June 12, 1!'73, William E. hriegsninm took the oath of office to fill the remainder of the term ending
June 30,1975, vacated by James I.. Selilhsinger on Feb. 5,1973.
0 Vacant from expiration of Clar-nee E. L u1 on's term on June 30,1974, until January 19, 1975.
10 Vacant from rqigmnal ion of William 0. Doub on Autant 17, 1C'74, until January 19, 1975.
11 Vacant from rf.signation of \Villh.,ln E. Kri,,nim nnm I)ecember 31, 1i74, until January 19, 1975.
12 Atomic F nersv Commission aliol'i-i.: 1 effective January 19,1975, pursuant to Eneigy Reorganization
Act of 1j74, Publjic Law 93-433.
(22)

1 Christopher T. Boland was staff director of the Senate Special Committee on Atomic Energy, Nov. 15,1945, and served
on the Joint Committee as staff director until Jan. 9, 1947.
2 AEC abolished effective January 19, 1975.
(24)

VIII. ATOMIC ENERGY LEGISLATIVE REFERENCES,
1916-75'

(Public:itions that are followed by a price r:ily be ol)tain,-. from the .,ip.'riiitend-
ent of Documents, U.S. Governmiient Printin,', Office, WN:,-hinigton, D).C., 204102)
Public Law 585, 79th Cnmgre-.: (60 St:it. 755)-The Atomic In.-rgy Act of 1i16.
Approved Augiu-t 1, 10116. (Price, 10 centi-.)
Public Law 0t, 80th Congn-r, (62 Stat. 1259)-To provide for the ,.\t,-n-i,,n of
the teri- of otflic of the prt'-'nt members of the Atomic I*:irgy Conriiri-.-ion.
Approved July 3, 1948.*
Public Law 14, 81st Coiigress (63 Stat. 11)--To rirocede to the .Si:it,- of N-.w
Mexico exclusive jzri-diction held by the United Stal,- ov,'r I-,rinI within ll,
bomund.iries of the Li AlJanLos Proiject of the United St:it'-, Atomic Eniergy
Coim ii-ion. Approved -March 4, 1919.
Public Law 347, S1st Congr(-s (63 Stat. 762)-To( amend the .Atomie En,'-rgv
Act of 1946 (providing for cliain'-c in the Military Lii-,in Committee). A--
proved October 11, 1919.*
Public L.iw Ns20, 81st Congr,- (64 Stat. 979)-To amend the .\tomic l.iier.v
Act of 1946 (changing compen.-:ition to b)e ri evived by membi r-, of the Atomic
Energy Connmi-ion). Approved Septemibl)er 23, 1950.*
Public Law 235, S2d Congress (65 Stat. 692)-To amend the Atomic En,-rgy
Act of 1946, :iz amended (relating to the control of it',,mic information). Ap-
proved O.tober 30, 1951.*
Public Law 298, 82d Co:igr,.-- (66 Stat. 44)-To provide for crt.ii' inwi-.- ;g:tions
by the Civil Service Commission in lieu of the Fede.ral Bure,.u of Inv -ti,_ ition,
and for other purpose. Approved April 5, 1952.*
Public Law 137, 83d Congress (67 Stat. 181)-To amend the Atomic Ener, Act
of 1946, as :tainnded (providing for entering into long-ti-_'iii con! r;icts for l". tri. -
utility :-ervices). Approved July 17, 1953.*
Public Law, 164, 83d Congress (67 Stat. 757)-To amend the Atomic Enerir%
Act of 1946, as amended (relating to the control of information, FBI in\-ti-
gation-?, carrying of firearms, etc.). Approved July 31, 1953.*
Public Law 262, 83d Congre-- (67 Stat. 575)-To amend -,c.tion 9(b)) of the
Atomic Energy Act. of 19-46 (relating to the exemption of activi.i.-,-. if the
Atomic Energy Act from State and local taxation). Approved A\'igist 13, 1953.*
Public Law 703, 83d Conigres; (68 Stat. 919)-Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (lhi-
act superseded the Atniic lEn,.rgv Act of 1946). Approved August 30, 1954.*
Public Law 31, 84th Congr'.-s (69 Stait. 47)-Authorizes tIh, Atomic Iri,
Cuinnii -ion to construct a principal office building in or It,;LIr the Di-trict of
Coluilibia from funds now available or to be appropriated. Approved May 6,
1955.*
Public Law 141, 84th Congress (69 Stat. 366)-To authorize appropriation- for
the AEC for the acquisition or condemnation of real property or any f.;iCility,
or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or exp:an-ion, and for other
purposes. Approved July 11, 1955.*
Public Law 165, 84th Congress (69 Stat. 47)-The Atomic Weapons Rewards
Act of 1955-To provide rewards for information cinecLrning the illegal intro-
duction into the United States, or the illegal manufacture or acquisition in the
United States of special nuclear materials and atomic weapons. Approved July
15,1955. (Price, 5 cents.)
Public Law 221, 84th Congress (69 Stat. 471)-The Atomic Energy Commiuunity
Act of 1955 (facilitates the estal)lishmleAt of l',cal self-governmciit at the com-
munities of Oak Ridge, Tenn., and Richl:ind, Wash., and l)rovidis for the
disposal of federally owned properties of such communitic.-). Approved .AgYst
4, 1955.*

Public Law 337, S4th Congrcs. (69 Stat. 630)-Authorizes the payment of the;
sa:l:ary of a member of the Atomic Energy Commission who is appointed during
the recess of Cngrt::ss, and amends section 21 of tihe Atomic Energy Act (of
1.4 rcl:Lting to the equal authority and responsibility of all AEC Commis-
sioners. Approved August 9, 1955.*
Public L:aw 5106, S4th Congri -s (60 Stat. 127)-To authorize appropriations for
th.. At\I ,iic Ei.(rgy Cuinii.--i ,in for acquisition or condemnati n of real property
or any facilities or for plmnt or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion,
and for other ipiirposes. Approved May 3, 1956.*
Public L.iw 722, S4tIh Congress (70 Stat. 553)-To amend the Atomic Energy Act
of 1.15 '.,*, to permit the negotiation of commercial leases at atomic energy com-
rjunitie-, and for other purposes. Approved July 14, 1956.*
Public L,\ ._02, S4th Congres.s (70 Stat. 653)-To amend the Atomic Energy
C, immunityy Act of 1055, aind for other purposes. Approved July 25, 1956.*
Public LIaw 981, 84th Congress (70 Stat. 1035)-To amend Public Law 506, 84th
Cirgrc:-s, 2d session, to increase the authorization for appropriations to the
Atomic Energy Commission for acquisition or condemnation of real property,
or any facilities, or for plant or facility acquisition, construction, or expansion,
and for other purposes. Approved August 6, 1956.*
Public Law 1006, S4th Congress (70 Stat. 1069)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Act of 195-4, as amended, and for other purposes. Approved August 6, 1956.*
Public Law 85-14, 85th Congress (71 Stat. 11)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes (providing that the President
may authorize the Atomic Energy Commission to enter into an agreement with
the Federal Republic of Germany on behalf of Berlin). Approved April 12,
1957.*
Public Law 85-79, 85th Congress (71 Stat. 274)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes (amends section 261-Appro-
priat ins-To increase the authorization requirements for appropriations, etc.).
Approved July 3, 1957.*
Public Law 85-162, 85th Congress (71 Stat. 403)-To authorize appropriations
for the Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with section 261 of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes. Approved
August 21, 1957.*
Public Law 85-177, 85th Congress (71 Stat. 453)-To provide for the appointment
of representatives of the United States in the organs of the International
Atomic Energy Agency, and to make other provisions with respect to the
participation of the United States in that Agency, and for other purposes.
Approved August 28, 1957.*
Public Law 85-251i, 85th Congress (71 Stat. 576)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as ame-nded, and for other purposes (providing for a program of
Government indemnification and limitation of liability, and establishes an
Advisor', Committee
Public Law 85-2S7, 85th Congre.ss (71 Stat. 612)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Act of 19.). -1, ;s amended, to increase the salaries of certain executives of the
Atomic Enermv Co.rn ni-ion, and for other purposes. Approved September 4,
1957.*
Public Law S5-412, 85th Congress (72 Stat. 117)-To amend Public Law 85-162,
to incre;,1e the authorization for appropriations to the Atomic Energy Cornm-
mi.:sion in accordance with section 261 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as
amended, and for other purpose-. Approved May 16, 1958.*
Public Law 85-479, 85th Congress (72 Stat. 276)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as amended, to provide for greater exchange of military information
and material with allies. Approved July 2, 1958.*
Public Law 85-519, 85th Congress (72 Stat. 358)-To further amend Public Law
85-162, to increase authorization for appropriation for the Atomic Energy
Comniis-ion in accordance with section 261 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954,
as amended, and for other purposes. Approved July 15, 1958.*
Public Law 85-590, 85th Congress (72 Stat. 490)-To authorize appropriations
for the Atomic Energy Commission for fiscal year 1959 in accordance with
section 261 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other
purposes. Approved August 4, 1958.*
Public Law 85-602, 85th Congress (72 Stat. 525)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as amended, with respect to indemnity agreements for the NS
Savannah. Approved August 8, 1958.*

*Out of print.

Public Law S5-681, 85th Conrr- (72 r:,t. f2) -T amnnd tc A4 .i e : -
Act of 1954, as :arlended, for vario',i, p-urpo, s (\EC omnibhi-, hill AQprov, *1
A.-llgit 19, 1958.*
Public Law85-744, 85th CGnrgres (72 -ttat. 837)---To amrnd the \toic EIi'-.v
Act. of 1954, :as an Indd with r,-p.'- t to in,1,iinity :i-r', ,*;ict1 for n,',pr,. t
educational in]litutiin-. Approve(dl Au.iust 23, 95 *
Public Law 85-S-16, 85th Conggre (-72 Stat. lillsI)-To provide, f,,r r *'.eration
with the LEuropcan Atnmic Energy Cimmunity. Appirnvd Auut -, 1958.*
Senate C n('ricurrent Re,,ilution 116, 85th Congr'--, to nppro ,.- igi'"'L,,I. tl-, b I'l
the Gove.rijniint of the United State- of Americ:t rind fi, Euro;. 11 Ato, ,
:,Energy Community (!:uratorni) signed at Bru-'i-l (on May 2'i, 195, :ri(d at
Washington on June 19, 1958, conc'eri ing coop, r:,Jin for the ,,iv:rc''ii',.t 'f
the peaceful applice:tion of at ,mic vi',rgy. P.a--1..d b,,th I1 o'J-1.- 1 'f CoriL,. -.
August 20, 195S.
Public Law 86-43, b6th Corigr'-- (73 St:it. 73)-To amend section 251 of thle
AtomicI Enrgy Act of 1954, as amended, to provide for tleic subi i.-ion by t.'
Atomic Energy Conrmi-ioi of an annual rather than a sciiii.ticti-'ll r,.;jrrt to
Congress. Report to be submitted in January of .:at'h v,.ir. Appir,,ved June 11,
1959.*
Public Law 86-44, 86th Congr :-s (73 Stat. 73)-To :nr.nd Public Law 8.5-590
to increase th authorizatii for appr(opriat i('1, to the Atomic Ene-rgy Conirni.-
sion for project 59-c-5, pherrmex installation, Lo; Atlanio-z. Approved June 11,
1959.*
Public Law 86-50, 86th Congr,-,e (73 Stat. 81)-To authorize appropri:tions for
the Atomic Energy Comuiiiiion in accordance with section 261 of the Atonli..
Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other jurpu- (Authorizati ctr Act
for fiscal year 1960). Approved June 23, 1959.*
Public Law' 86-300, S6th Congress (73 Stat. 574)-To arnid subection 161m
of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as a-mended, with respect to agr,.,iAts for
the reproces.ing of irradiated fuel elements, and section 163 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954, as amended with respect to Atomic Elnerg.- Comnirris.-iri
advisory committees. Approved September 21, 1959.*
Public Law 86-373, 86th Congress (73 Stat. 68SS)-To nmrnd the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as amended, by adding a new ,e.ction 274 with re.-pect to Coopera-
tion with States. Approved September 23, 1959.*
Public Law 86-457, 86th Congress (74 Stat. 120)-To authorize appropriations
for the Atomic Energy Connmmission in accordance with secti',n 261 of the At('mic
Energy Act of 1954, as amended. Approved May 13, 1960.*
Public Law 87-52, 87th Congress (75 Stat. 94)-To authorize construction of
community support faeilitie., at Los Alamos County, N. Mex. Approved Junr 1f,
1961.*
Public Law 87-174, 87th Congress (75 Stat. 409)-To amend section 53 e. of
the Atomic Energy Community Act of 1955. Approved Augu4 t 3u, 1961.*
Public Law 87-206, 87th Congress (75 Stat. 475)-To amend various section of
the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and the Euratom Coopr-ratirin
Act of 1958, and for other purposes. Approved September 6, 1961.*
Public Law 87-315, 87th Congress (75 Stat. 676)-To authorize appropriations
for the Atomic Enf-rgyv Conimission in accordance with section 261 of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purpc,-(. Approved
September 26, 1961.*
Public Law 87-363, 87th Congress (75 Stat. 782)-To waive certain provisions
of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 so as to permit the agrce ient for cooperati.r:.
between the United States and France to be made imiiecdiately etrective.
Approved October 4, 1961.*
Public Law 87-615, 87th Congress (76 Stat. 409)-To amend the Atomic Enlcrr'
Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes. Approved August 29, 19'b.*
Public Law 87-701, 87th Congress (76 Stat. 599)-To authorize approp)ria.tion-
for the Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with section 261 f the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes.. A'pprovwd
September 26, 1962.*
Public Law 87-719, 87th Congress (76 Stat. 664)-To amend the Atomic Em r"I
Community Act of 1955, as amended, to provide for the disposal of fedcrallv
owned properties at Los Alamos, N. M ix., and for other purp.-,i-. Appr,\cd
September 28, 1962.*

"Out of print.

6T 53G-76----5-

2S

Public Law 88-72, 88th Congress (77 Stat. 84)-To authorize appropriations for
The Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with section 261 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes. Approved July 22,
1963.*
Public Law SS-1S9, 88th Congress (77 Stat. 343)-To amend Public Law 88-72
to increase the authorization for appropriations to the Atomic Energy Com-
mission in accordance with section 261 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as
amended, and for other purposes. Approved November 29, 1963.*
Public Law SS-294, 88th Congress (78 Stat. 172)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954 (amends section 202). Approved March 26, 1964.*
Public Law SS-332, 88th Congress (78 Stat. 227)-To authorize appropriations
to the Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with section 261 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes. Approved June 30,
1964.*
Public Law 8S-394, 8Sth Congress (78 Stat. 376)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as amended, the Atomic Energy Community Act of 1955, as
amended, and the EURATOM.I Cooperation Act of 1958, as amended (AEC
omnibus bill). Approved August 1, 1964.*
Public Law 88-4S9, 88th Congress (78 Stat. 602)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes (Private Ownership of Special
Nuclear Materials Act). Approved August 26, 1964.*
Public Law 89-32, 89th Congress (79 Stat. 120)-To authorize appropriations to
the Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with Section 261 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes. Approved June 2,
1965.*
Public Law S9-135, 89th Congress (79 Stat. 551) To amend section 271 of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended. Approved August 24, 1965.*
Public Law 89-210, 89th Congress (79 Stat. 855)-To amend section 170 of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended. Approved September 29, 1965.*
Public Law 89-428, 89th Congress (89 Stat. 162)-To authorize appropriations
to the Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with Section 261 of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes. Approved
May 21, 1966.*
Public Law 89-645. 89th Congress (80 Stat. 891)-To amend section 170 of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended. Approved October 13, 1966.*
Public Law 89-648, 89th Congress (80 Stat. 895)-To amend Public Law 89-428
to authorize the Atomic Energy Commission to enter into a cooperative ar-
rangement for a large-scale combination nuclear power-desalting project.
Approval October 13, 1966.*
Public Law 90-56, 90th Congress (81 Stat. 124)-To authorize appropriations
to the Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with section 261 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes. Approved July 26,
1967.*
Public Law 90-190, 90th Congress (81 Stat. 575)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Community Act of 1955, as amended, the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as
amended, and the EURATOM Cooperation Act of 1958, as amended. Ap-
proved December 14, 1967.*
Public Law 90-289, 90th Congress (82 Stat. 96)-To authorize appropriations to
the Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with section 261 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes. Approved April 19.
1968.*
Public Law 91-44, 91st Congress (83 Stat. 46)-To authorize appropriations to
the Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with section 261 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes. Approved July 11,
1969. (Price, 10 cents.)
Public Law 91-161, 91st Congress (83 Stat. 444)-To amend sections 153h, 221c,
222, 223, 224, 225, 226, and add section 234 to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954,
as amended. Approved December 24, 1969. (Price, 5 cents.)
Public Law 91-273, 91st Congrc-s (84 Stat. 299)-To authorize appropriations
to the Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with section 261 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and for other purposes. Approved June 2,
1970.
Public Law 91-560, 91st Congress (84 Stat. 1472)-To amend the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954, as amended (:.cs. 31, 56, 102, 103, 104, 105, 161, 182, 191, and
274) to eliminate the requirement for a finding of practical value and for other
purposes. Approved Decen obcr 19, 1970.
*Out of print.

(Publication, that are foll.awed by a price may be obtained from the Superin-
tendent.( of )ocuminent-;, U.S. Government Printing Office, Wa-hingtou, D.C.
20402, at the price indicated. When no price is indicated, request, may be mndp,
in writing, to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, U.S. Capitol, Wash-
ington, D.C. 20510, unless an asterisk indicate. that the publication is out of
print.)
1945-46 (79th Cong.)

Development aind Control of Atomic
Energy (on S. 1717, a bill for the de-
velo)pmlent and control of atomic
energ-).*
Essenti:l Infornmition on Atomic En-
ergyv.*
Investigating Problems Relating to the
D)evelopintent, Use, and Control of
Atomic Energy (authority of S. Res.
179), pits. 1-5.*

Hearings, Jan. 22, 23,
31; Feb. 1, 7, 8, 11,
27; Apr. 4, 8, 1946.

25,
13,

28, 29,
14, 18,

30,
19,

Monograph. 1946, Monograph No. 1.

IHearing, Nov.
5, 6, 10, 12,
Feb. 15, 1945.

27,
13,

28,
14,

29, 30; Dec. 3,
19, 20, 1945;

1947 (80th Cong., 1st sess.)

Confirmation of the Atomic Energy
Commission and the General Man-
ager.1 *

Community Policy*- -- ------
Community Policy *---- ----------
C(' ifirmation of Sumner T. Pike to be
a Member of the Atomic En'rv Comn-
mission) *
Confirmation of Thomas E. MIirr:rny to
be a Member of the Atomic Energy
Commnission.1 *
Confirmation of Thom:wia Keith Glennan
to be a Meimber of the Atomic Energy
Commission.'*
Department Store Lease at Oak Ridge,
Tenn.*
Hanford School Facilities*-----------
lIanford School Facilities*---------

Leae-; of an Oal: Ridge Department
Store.*
Patent Aspects of the Atomic Energy
Act.*
The Hydrogen Bomb and International
Control: Technical and Bacl:ground
Information.***

Confirmation of Eugene M. Zuckert as
a Member of the Atomic Energy
Commission.1 *
State Taxation of AEC Contraictors*-_-
The Atomic Energy Act of 1946, With
AMlendinents Through the 82d Con-
grL.'s.2 *
Wig,, Payments at Nevada Test Site*-

Current Statement of the Atomic En-
ergy Commission on the 5-Year Re-
actor Development Program to the
Subcommittee on Research and De-
velopment. *
Development, Growth, and State of the
Atomic Energy Industry.*
Development, Growth, and State of the
Atomic Energy Industry.*
Development, Growth, and State of the
Atomic Energy Industry.*
Development, Growth, and State of the
Atomic Energy Industry, Index to
Hearings.*

2 Current print now available.
*Out of print.
***Available only at the Office of the Joint CommItI.e.

34

Report of Comptroller (;eneral on
Atomic Energy Commission Con-
tracts for Electric Power:
Parts II and III-Review of Elec-
tric Energy, Inc., and Ohio Val-
ley Electric Corp.***
Report of the Panel on the Impact of
the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy
to the Joint Committee on Atomic
Energy (vol. I).*
Report of the Panel on the Impact of
the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy
to the Joint Committee on Atomic
Energy (Background Material-vol.
II).*
Sale of Communities (1956)*---------
Shortage of Scientific and Engineering
Manpower.*

Committee print, Aug. 9.

Committee print, January.

Committee print, January.

Hearings (Subcommittee on Commu-
nities), June 11, 19, 20, and 21.
Hearings, Apr. 17, 18, 19, 25,26, and
May 1 (Subcommittee on Research
and Development, July 1.

Do*--------------------------
Authorizing Legislation. Index to
Hearings of 1955, 1956, and 1957.***
Congressional Review of Atomic
Energy Program.*
Development, Growth, and State of the
Atomic Energy Industry.*
Do* ---------------
Development, Growth, and State of the
Atomic Energy Industry. Index to
Hearings.*
Development of Scientific Engineering
and other Professional Manpower
(with emphasis on the role of the Fed-
eral Government).*
Governmental Indemnity and Reactor
Safety.*
Membership, Acts Amending the
Atomic Energy Act of 1946, and list
of Committee Publications.*2
Naval Reactor Program and Shipping-
port Project.*
Participation Act of the International
Atomic Energy Agency, S. 2341.*
Report of the Conferences on the Stat-
ute of the International Atomic
Energy Agency by Congressional
Advisers.*
Review of Proposals Under Power
Demonstration Program.*

Atomic Energy Legislation Through
8Sth Cong., 2d s(,ss.* 2
Agreement for Cooperation With N .ATO
for AMutual Defense Pirpo(cs.***
International Agreements for Coopera-
tion.***
Loss of the U.S.S. Thresher*** -------
Nuiclear Power Economics-Analysis
Comments, 1964.***
Private Ownership of Special Nuclear
Material, 1964.*
Stanford Accelerator Power Supply_- -
Use of Nuclear Power for the Production
of Fresh Water from Salt Water.***

2 Current print now available.
8 Part 1 was printcIl In 19,1).
4 Part 1 was prinritd in 1970.
6 Printed In l1,72.
*Out of print.
**ATvail:il.] only at t.o Government !I'r:nt!:!-- 0:,f..
***Available. only at the Oili ( t, the Joint Committee.

AEC Omnibus Legislation:-1974 [See
below]
Proposed Amendment to Section 54 of
the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, a-
amended, to enable Congress to con-
cur in or disapprove international
agreements for cooperation in regard
to certain nuclear technology: S. 3253
and H.R. 13S96-To delete the require-
ment that Congress authorize amounts
of special nuclear material which may
be distributed to a group or nations.
[Subcommittee on Agreements for
Cooperation].
Report-: Amending the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954, as Amended,
To Enable Congress to Concur
in or Disapprove Certain Inter-
national Agreements for Peace-
ful Cooperation.
Conference Report: International
Nuclear Agreement Congressional
Review Act.
Testimony on H.R. 14849; S. 3502;
Foreign distribution of special nuclear
materials and S. 3669; H.R. 15416,
Atomic weapons and special nuclear
rewards.
Reports: AEC Omnibus Legisla-
tion-1974.

[Hearing held April 30, 1974, printed
with hearing of June 18 (see below)
(price 90 cents).]

H. Rept. 93-1149, June 25, 1974.
(S. Rept. 93-964, June 25, 1974.)

(Conf. Rept. 93-1299, August 19,
1974.)
[Hearing held June 18, 1974, printed
with hearing of April 30 (see above).]

Anen ling the Atomic Fnergy Act of 194i so as to r 'o';l le t t no
person shall take o 'rice as a member of the Atomic Ener./
Commission or as General M3ni-er of such Commissions uL?,;
an investiValion .>ItIi respect to the character, associations, and
I-alty of such person shall have been made by thie Federal
Bureau of Inve',ti3tion
De-;opmrnent an-, C..rtr I of Atomic Energy (firt re; )rt of '"P
Jo.rnt Committee on Atmni; Energy to the Congress of the
United States).
Supplemental report, to a~comran,' H R 5216. amenlin' the
Atomic Energy Act of 1941. so as to provide that no person shall
take office as a member of the Atomic Er.er.,' Commission or
as General Manager of such Commission until an investigation
with respect to the cl'arazter, association,. and lo,altv of such
person shall have been made by the Federal Bureau of Investi-
gation.
Pr .ivi IJin for extension of the terms of office of the present mem-
ber3 of the Atomic Energy Commission.

Oevelopme-t and Control of Atomic Energy (report of the Joint ---------.. ---....---- Oct 19 S. Rept. 1041.
Committee on Atomic Energy to the Congress of the United
States )
To amend the Atomic Elergy Act of 1946, making it unlawful S. 2233----------............. Oct. 8 S P':t 894.
to possess or transfer any fi;-.ionabil material except as au- H R.5546.............. ----------do..... H. Reft. I1C',
thorized by the Commission.

To amend Public Law S, ; I to increase the authorization for
a[".r.'.,ri.,iuris to tilp Atomic Ener Commission.
Increasing the aulri.,: ization for the ALL, to further amend Pub-
lic Laws 85-162 and -I .
To amend the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended..........

To authorize appropriations for the AC-----------------...

Amending the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amendeJ, re soc.
I -).

To amend the Atomic Energy Act of 12':, as amended---.......

Do .-.--- .- ---- -...-...----------.--------------- -

To provide for cooperation with the European Atomic Fncr-/
Communitly.
Concurrent resolution to approve agreement with Euratom......

To amend the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, sec. 251..-
Increasing the a'l'.Aorization for appropri4t.ons to the Atomic
Energy Commissio.i
To autinorize appropr.ations for the Atomic Energy Commission-.

To amend the Atomic Enprr / Act of 1954, as amended--------

To amend the Atomic En-'1y Act of 1'_1, as amended, with
respect to cooperation .ilti St i's
Atomic energy, Unit.:'!. States and Greece....................
Atomic energy, United Sl.Ates and Germany..................
Atomic energy, United St'.V. and Neitherlands.--------------.
Atomic energy, United States and Turkey.........--........
Atomic energy, United' States and France ----..----------
Atomic energy, Unite. 3li!csi and Great Bri, in, j-. ;.ir enl..... .
Atomic energy, United States and Canada, a,'r,.rir.ni.----------

To authorize appropriations to the Atomic Energy Commission --....
Revising and amending the Price-Anderson indemnity provisions
of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.
AEC omnibus legislation.....................................
Amending the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, to enable
Congress to concur in or disapprove certain international agree-
ments for cooperation.
Annual reports to Congress on nuclear information...--..------.

I The Joint Committep on Atomic Enere, was e.;tIihlishel by the Atomic Energy Act of 19 ( PI.tI Law 79' -", r- r.e- r td
Aug 1, 19;'i:see S. 1717, reported on Apr. 19, 1946, by the Senate Sp, ] L11Cocnmitlee on Atomic Energy (S. i 12il)
and on July I'!, ]: h y the House Conr i'te," on 'liitvry Affairs (H. R.pZt 1'83), and on July -., 19... the, "., l
of conference (H. Conf. P..',;. 2'(.7,')). The committee was fr..t org1.' lieP on Aupg. 2, 19 1'.. but did not become '. I. "a-
tive until the cnneoimvig of the Qu'Ih Cong. in 1947. No reports on lekglation were issued i!y the Joint Committee either
in 1946 or 1947.
3 This bill was first referred to the C),i'meicc Cjmm;!te. then referred to the Joint Commltt e, and '.'-;',, back to the
Commerce Committee.
SReported adversely.

XII. ERDA TECHNICAL REPORT COLLECTIONS AND FILM
LIBRARIES (AS OF JANUARY 19, 1976)

A. RriPOJT Coi M-F"rIONS
The lilirarie-z li-ted below rmainti.in co]l.I i,'i, of IT'SERDA r-,,"'rt Ti I .S.
libraries al,', contain foreign report- that are abl'st rated in the .Viiclo ar Sirce
Ab.stracl.. The collection. ;l-, include Nuiceair Srir,.rr A.bstracts and id s i'jid' ,(-,
ERDA's Technie:,l Pr.r'-; R,.eview-, ERD..\-spon-;nreld tran 'itions, coiference
prnceedinEs publi-hed by ERDA. and v.iriniis bibliographic tol].. M',-t ',f fh'-e
librariep- h:ive mi,'r,,ficl1o, ri,:ider-printers or onh;.r photooripy f:ciliti,- wilth which
to reproduce enlarged copies from microfiche. Ch:Arges for reproduction -:rvices
vary.
In addition fhrore are two C vornnTirnt di ,'-itoryv li!'r.,riro in ear-h Corzr,.--i'.r 'il
District whern Joint Co,,niittee on Atomic Enir-rvy publications may .he found.
Those librarie- are listed in a Committee print entitled "Griv(rrnir-it D)e,,'-itorv
Libraries" published by the Joint Committee on Printing, Congre-; of the United
States, revi-"d April 1974.
The Nuele:ir Reg, latory Commiss-ion (NRC) is in the process of establi-hinL
standard procedures. for distribution of te.hnie:l information. Meanwhile, NRC
material is available as follows:
1. Documents; renting to licensinpa of nuclr-p.r plants and f.-:cilitifn are available
for public inpicotinn and comment at the NRC Public Document Room, 1717
H. St., N.W., Washington, D.C. Local public document rooms situated nr:-'r
nuclear power sites contain docui me)ts relating to facilitir-; in flr.ir area, :,- well
aiL certain reports pertainir.g to cvr-rnt, at othcr nuclear fariliieis throicliont th,-
country. A monthly li-ting of Pcrfr T'carlor D,,er:f Information is prepared by the
U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) for NRC and
mav be purchased through ERDA Technical Information Center, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee, .7S30.
2. Draft Environmental St:-tements are availallo to the public frnm the NRC.
Final Environmental Stat,.rn-nt- and Saf,.ty Evaluation Reports fIre di-tributed
by NRC to those officially involved, and are made available for purchase by the
public at the Nitimonal Technical Informatinn Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161.
3. NRC rec.ar:rh reports will be made av:iilablc to the public through the Na-
tional Technical Information Service.

In a(ldition, the USE i1)\ A stoek' five film lih)rari'. ov, :-,. : :1h tlie A N',,ricn
Eml)as-V in Tokyo; the Interi Ltiwoa'l Atomic En:TiC v A'; '-nc-, Vin: :.. Austria:
the American Filhn Libl)rary, Tlihe Hague, NetherlandI; the Film Sectin f the
Per-,,nnel Admini-trattion Council, Stockholm, Sweden; and in the Natio i: I
Science Film Lih,:iary, Otta\,:t, Canada.

Film

XIII. ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE
JOINT COMMITTEE ON ATOMIC ENERGY IN THE 94TH
CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION (1975)
FOREWORD
It has. been tlhe practice of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy,
at the close of caclh session of the Congress, to submit for the informa-
tion of the Congress. the executive branch, and the public, a report
of its activities. (The report for the second session of the 93rd Congress
was printed in tlhe Congressional Record of December 20, 1974,
H11-12729.)
The Joint Committee on Atomic Energy was organized on August 2,
1946. It consists of nine Members from the Senate and nine Members
from the House, of Representatives. No more than five from each body
can be members of tlhe same political party. The chairmanship alter-
njates between the Senate anid the House of Representatives with each
Con gress.
Present membership is:
John 0. Pa,;tore, Rhode b-land, Clhairmnan
Melvin Price, Illinois, Vice Chairman
Henry M. Jackson, Washington John Young, Texas
Stuart Symington, Missouri Teno Roncalio, Wyoming
Joseph M. Montoya, New Mexico Mike McCormack, Wasliington
John V. Tunney, California John E. Moss, California
Howard H. Baker, Jr., Tennessee John B. Anderson, Illinois
Clifford P. Case, New Jersey Manuel Lujan, Jr., New Mexico
James B. Pearson, Kansas Frank Horton, New York
James L. Buckley, New York Andrew J. Hinshaw, California
The Joint Committee is one of the few Committees established by
statute rather than by rule of each House and is unique in several
respects. For example, it is the only Joint Committee of the Congress
with legislative functions, including the receipt and reporting of leg-
islative proposals. The Committee is also charged by law with legisla-
tive responsibility as "watchdog" of the U.S. atomic energy program.
As part of its responsibilities, the Committee follows closely the classi-
fied activities of the executive agencies including the Energy Research
and Development Administration and the Departments of Defense
and State, concerning the peaceful and military applications of atomic
ener',y. The unclassified nuclear activities of these agencies and of the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission are closely reviewed as well.
In all of these activities, the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy,
reprTsentingfl the. Congress and the public, seeks to assure the imple-
mentation of the following national policy expressed in the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954:
The development, use, and control of atomic energy shall be directed so as to
make the maximum contribution to the general welfare, subject at all times
(60)

amended on April 9, 1975, called for authorization of $3,418.587,000
for "Operating expenses" and $868,867,000 for "Plant and capital
equipment" (including increases in prior-year authorization) making
a total requested authorization for fiscal year 1976 of $4,287,454.000.
The authorization request also called for $1,001,301,000 for "Operating
expenses" and $128,876,000 for "Plant and capital equipmrnent'" for the
transition quarter, making a total requested authorization for the
quarter of $1,130,177,000. On March 10, 1975, ERDA transmitted to
the Joint Committee some refinements to the proposed revised authori-
zation for the Clinch River Demonstration Plant Project.
The ERDA requests for atomic energy-related programs and proj-
ects under the jurisdiction of the Joint Committee totalled $3,750.059,-
000 and $988,884,000 for fiscal year 1976 and the transition quarter,
respectively. The Joint Committee did not consider the non-nuclear
programs of ERDA.
The Joint Committee's recommended authorization for atomic
energy-related programs for fiscal year 1976 was $3,838,451,000 which
is $88,392,000 or about 2 percent more than the amount requested. The
Joint Committee recommended an increase of $18,988,000 for the tran-
sition quarter, also 2% more than requested.
Generally, the ERDA authorization for atomic energy-related pro-
grams reflects estimated costs in two broad categories of effort, namely,
military and civilian applications. Military applications include pri-
marily the nuclear weapons and naval propulsion reactors programs, as
well as a portion of the nuclear materials program. Approximately
39 percent of the Administration's fiscal year 1976 estimated program
costs (as compared to about 43 percent of estimated fiscal year 1975
costs), or $1,763 million, was attributable to military applications. The
estimated cost for civilian applications totaled $2,809 million or about
61 percent of the program costs (as compared to about 57 percent of
estimated fiscal year 1975 costs). The amounts shown above reflect
total program costs and are exclusive of adjustments for revenues re-
ceived and for changes in selected resources.
The Joint Committee began consideration of the proposed legisla-
tion authorizing appropriations to the ERDA for fiscal year 1976 and
the transition quarter with a public hearing on February 4, 1975. At
this hearing, the Honorable Robert C. Seamans, Jr., Administra-
tor, ERDA, discussed the overall budget request. Subsequent
public hearings occurred on February 18 and 27, and March 4,
6, 11, and 13. In the course of these hearings, the ERDA's programs
for fusion power research and development; biomedical and environ-
mental research; waste mansn cement; operational safety; physical re-
search; nuclear materials; fission power ro,,tor development; and
laser and electron beam pellet fusion research were considered. The
hearing records contain information on the status of, and accomplish-
ments under, the various programs being carried out by ERDA.
Other hearings were held in executive session on March 5 and 12.
ERDA programs reviewed during these hearings were weapons, nu-
clear materials security, and naval reactors.
On June 25, 1975, ERDA submitted to the Congress a budget amend-
ment for fiscal year 1976 and the transition quarter. The authoriza-
tion request for atomic energy-related programs was increased by (1)

65

a total of $105).61(t,000 f.or "Oleratil eXpl)t(Isl, and s"',.550,0 f
"Plant and capital equiplmeint for t i:al ye:tr 1i.976, and by () Si2.-
706,000 for "O(penitinig expell-c" 11an(d $6(;,000 fo1r "Planti anl c apitLI
equipment" during tie tr:ans.ition quarter. The ,Joint toIm(ittr,()] rI-
sidered this revision to tlie ori',iall ri qu.(jl iw[of IF elruary iv., 1'.,5 anil
recommended that their anendie nit ,I. ac.)ted. Tie (Com*iitte, a1-I
inclo'.ased the budet amitelmient bvN ',000,000 for t(ie Molten Sl. Ilt
Breeder Reactor and Light Wilater BreederI, Rea to"r prorram- for
fiscal year 19176, and $100,00 for Ile trahti-sition quarter f,-r the-, two
programs s.
B. 8Supplementa l oufhorzahtn of AppropU/fd;ob. for the A"Nt-lea,
RtI !ulatoy? Comms son for" Fiscal Y ,tr i1975 (Public LLew 9.-18)
On Febriarv 193. the Nuclear lReulatory (Coin i-tion tras-
mitted to the Co(,,'T.s a request for an ince:ir.- in appropr;iioi1-
for fiscal year 1975 of 5;)6,400,000. On February 12, 1975, Senator
John 0. Pastore, Chairman of the Joint Committee on Atomic En-
ergy, introduced by request, S. 674, authorizing appropriations of
such funds as are ncccsQ-arv to carry out the functions and responsi-
bilities of the Nuclear Regulatory Coiiiiission for fiscal year 1975.
On February 19, 1975, Represeintative Melvin Price, Vice Chairima an
of the Joint Committee, introduced anl identical bill, IT.R. 3275, by
request.
On March 4, 1975, Vice Chairmnan Price introduced II.R. 4224, a
substitute bill, in lieu of tlie above measure. This bill was introduced
by Chairman Pastore on iMarch 6, as S. 994. The full Committee met
on March 20 in open ,s-ion and voted without dissent to report those.
bills favorably without amendment and to adopt the report.
On February 20, 1975, the Siibcoriimittee on Legislation of the Joint
Committee held an open hearing on the request for authorization of
supplemental appropriations. Thle Commission request was for an
increase of $56,400,000 in their fiscal year 1975 authorization. This
consisted of (1) ,"9(,000,000 to replace anticipated revenues which
under the Atomic Energy Commission would have been applied as
an offset, to budget authority, but which under NRC will be deposited
directly to the miscellaneous receipts of the U.S. Treisrv, (2) $9,500.-
000 for refiunds of license fee. which have been collected since 19I',
leased on a fee schedule that was not in accordance with constitutional
standlar(ds recently pn,-ribed by the U.S. Supreme Court, and (3)
.7.900.000 to support new activities of NRC which were required by
I* RC wich ere required by
the Energry ReorgLanization Act of 1974 as well as various staff s.krvices
required for NR( to function ais a separate and independent ag4rencv.
The (Committee concurred with the request of the Commission witlh
thle followingX exceptiions. The (Committee reduced the reque,4ed aiiu-
thorization bv 61.2W00.0(0 tbeca ise of the revenues received during fis:,il
year 1975 ,by thie flice of the Di rector of Regulation of the Atollic
Energy Coi mission prior to its (i->solution January 19, 197.), ex-
ceeede by that amount the revenues expected to be received at the
time the Commission request was submitted to the Office of Manage-
ment and Budget in November 1974. The reduction did not in any
way affect the planned operations of NRC.

66

C. 1dC ev' /u/ itl,,,/, C(ru, .',on AIu.Jor ;/(t2;,,m..1 Act of Fi,7.'l Year
P1-6W ,,,l the Tnilfto,, Qiuarft (Pubic Lac 9L-a)
The Nucilear Regulatory ('oi misiomns a authorization request for
fiscal1 V('.;ir 197(6. as s."l lllitted to the (Congress on lFebriuary 3, 197-,
ailled for antlorization of 19.9;35,000 for salaries and expenses.
Altholi,:ii e tlle Coliili.-slon requeq-t did not include ai authorization
:1 10 ',l;t fort, tih tasition quarter, the supplemental l supprting data
bfui-Jl'. to the Joint (omuuitme. by the Coimmis-ion il(icated that
aII aut hori'/.at i of .52.. I ( )00 for sa 'iri.- and eXji,, --s. forthe transi-
tion quarter would be nced(le.
Tlu Joint (Commnnittee r,,', itenedcd 'autlioriz ation for fio'. l year
1 .7 of -2.93.5..00, which was the .nIic ns the a1oiut requestedd.
Thle Join.t ComlIittee's recomli-nded authorization for thle tran-itioni
(!jnarter wa-;^ S52.0)00,000.
Thie N 1( '7 authori.z:itioii 'p,1(.-t generally y reflected estimateded cots
in tll reC njor. rias: the lv,'.ulation of nuclear rec:ctors, nuc'iear ma-
terial.s i:.,,tv and s; fP 1i u: rds, and nuclear regtlatorv re:ea rcl. Ni-
c:,. 1,r ',tetolr ]hgulation is expected to co.,t .;5,79.00 in fi.-cal year
1976. Tlihe nuclear materials .-afety and safeguards proram tn fiscal
vear 1976 request was for 10,9g55,000, and the clear r,,eguliatory re-
search effort for fiscal year 1976 is budgeted at ..97,223.000.
'l:ie SuIbcommittee on Leg'islation in the Joint Committee on Atomiic
Ei 1rev. chaired by. 'cnator Joseph 1i M. )fontoya, considered the pro-
pos,,d legislation authorizing appropriations to the NRC for fiscal
Vear 1976 and tlhe transition quarter at a public heiarting on Mlarch 19,
1975. At this heairinn, the IHon orable William -. Anders. Chairman
of the NRC. testified concerning the NRC budget request. Subse-
quently, NRC provided additional statements for the hearing records
which provide detailed information on the budget requests of each
of the component orga nii zation of NRC.
D. Ext,':-:s.;on and .Modifcation of the. Pr'";r-Anderson Act
The Price-Anderson Act was enacted in 1957, and extended and
amended in 1965 and 1966. The Act was designed to protect the public
by providing for the payment of claims in the unlikely event of a
cata.-trophic nuclear incident. Among other things, the Act provides
fun(Ids for public liability in the event of a nuclear incident up to a
tot;1l amount of .560 million. This amount is provided for by requir-
in.V nucl'a'r powerplant licensees to maintain financial protection
through insurance or other ]leonls in the full amount available from
private in -unlice (currently $125 million) and by providing for gov-
ernmenit indemnity for the remainder of the $560 million. Other fea-
tures included in the Act by the amendments of 1966 are no-fiault lia-
bility and provisions for accelerated payment of claims immediately
upon ocuirrenee of a nuclear incident.
TlIe Act was scheduled to expire on August 1, 1977. Because of the.
long lead times involved in planning new commitments to nuclear
power, the Joint Committee began considering the matter of extension
and possible modification of the Act during the .93rd Congress in order
to prevent an unwarranted disruption in the planning process for
nuclear powerplants, such as might result from uncertainty over the
future of the Price-Anderson Act.

mission review the need for extending tlhe Price-Anderson system to
include plutonium processing facilities. The Nuclear Regulatory Conm-
mission advised the Committee on December 3, 1975, that once HI.R.
8631 has been signed into law, the NRC will publish a "Notice of
Intended Rule Making'" as the first step in implementing thle legis-
lation. This notice will solicit the views of the public and interested
groups on the question of extending Price-Anderson coverage to plu-
tonium processing facilities and to the transportation of nuclear mate-
rial to and from those facilities. Based upon those views, NRC will
then decide whether Price-Anderson coverage should be extended.
/'.. Com02),?/t w,.
The Subcoiiii mittee on Comnmunities. chaired 1)y Congressman John
Yo.uii_,, held M:Wainos ill Oak Ridge on May 9, 1i,, on H.R. S and
>. 1.7'1. id-ntical bills to permit financial a:is t aiic to be given to
Andersn and Roa-ne, Counties, Tennessee, under the provisions of the
Atomic Ener'r. Community Act of 1955, as ;ileilded. The record of
41"
tie ihearinjs contains extc ,:ive lda ta concernii the eCeO-Oliic, s-ocial
am financial ('>a;a'..cterVitis of the two counties and the financial bur-
(e$"H .;ir,,,-d on the countic- by the location and operation of the
: IDA ) acilitie, at Oak Ri1.,e. Tennessee.
It s jitiiai alt tl,,e co;:,.1iunities at O0k Ridge iia.intain a level
f services which will attract and ai6ntail well qualified personnel
for the i:,tioii.:i eCnIrV proo'raml beii_;: pursued in tlhe Fede.'8l icili-
ties at O. ,i, lage. TIlis !..\ d :.,)pl! ._ not oC;iv within the boundary of
1the City of O-;.'. i ld:I-. b:.t extends into the two coUnti,-. -Loanlie lland
Adev.-'m, fro:,i whiicli the Feder1 Governminent ca'\.td the Oak Bilge
l.-,:. nation during World War II. The need to provide an adequate
]11"'V l 01e .-lie fi an 'a 'de.s oiltw o ca ,'"
.vel of trViccs im.)O: *.- facial b1vdes o tli-e two cOiUlt ie- as well
as on the City of Oak RiRLr1. but the Community Act permits pay-
meats only to the city and not to the couitie-. S. 1378 and H.R. 5G9._
would correct this inequit" which appe:irs to have been as a result of
an oYers-i.l:t when the Co,!":unity Act was originally enacted.
The ERDA Authorization Bill was amended in the Senate to in-
clude Anderson and Roane County in thle Community Act and to pro-
vide assistance to them for a ten-year period, ending June 30, 1986.
The House accepted the Senate amendment in Conference and the
Atomic Energy Act will be so amended uipon the enactment of the
ERDA. Authorization Bill. The Pres-ident signed the bill on Decem-
!.err '1. 1975 (Public Law 94-187).
171 S o1 tte on .., "Mot7va
The Subco-mittee on L atoin, chired by Senator Montova,
condmted he l n,(-,:s in Los Al.i os, ew Mexio. on Otonler 14. 1975.
to consider identical bill... S. 2415 and TI.I. 99 IS, to amend the Atomic
Ene':,y- C.mmunity Act witl, :'.2'tard to the extension of the existin.f
authorization to the A";i'. 'straor of the Eneroy Research anid De-
velopminent Admini.-t ration to continue to make paynients of just and
reasonl)]ei snms to the Los Alamos schools and the County of Los
Alamo-. The existing authority under thi.:- Community Act expires on
,TIUne 30. 1976, for the schools and on J,. 01. 31977. for the county. Tlhe
legislation wnuld place the authority of ERDA to continue to make
a:.-;-4tanee payments to Los Alamos on essentially the same basis as that
which now exi:ts for the for'ier AEC communities of Oak Ridge,
Tenne-s V n.Ld ichland, .ashington.

During the Noveiber 11 hearing, the Comuittee received Iesti1,o1y
from witnesses repi'e.eiiting.I tie nuclear power and electric utility
industries. State enei v ficilitv sit iiZ ,_ icies. u
authlorit ies. and of her grz ps with interest in this area.
Early in this ses,.sion. the Committee conducted a survey of a large
number of electric utilities in the country which have hlad experience
with the licensnllZr of nuclear powerplants. With a few exceptions. tlie
respondents expressEd( disillusionment alnd frustrationn with the proee-
_res overnini tm sit.i and licensing of nlclcar plants. The prin-
cipal areas of their concern include:
(a) Time and technical resources consmiiied.-The re_,"ilatory
proces.- requires thi- it skilled scientist s and enLineers devot e sul)st ant ial
amounts of time to answering regulatory quest ions and part icipat ingI
in licensing, :e rings, where that time would otherwise be ulsed lo
develop designs and criteria for nuclear plants. The result of this
burden is delay in plant design and completion.
(b) Overlapping of Federal, State and lloal irequireinents.-'1ile
regulatory reqi'reinents of many State, local and regional azewcies
overlap and conflict with Federal regulatory requirenmwits. 'lTh'e need!
to satisfy these differing requirements has aided to the delay in bring-
ing nuclear plants into operation.
(c) Review process. and intervention procedures.-Scveral respond-
ents addressed the need to further improve tihe review process, includ-
ing the resolution of generic issues, establishing the acceptability of
tlhe site early, and ,(- tAblishing specific limits on the scope of the various
liherings. Tlhe hearing process itself drew considerable criticism be-
cause -,of the ease wvitii! which opponents of nlUClc'iir power projects,
regardless of qualifi.-;tions, c:t intervene and thereby delay tim
pro..ces.
(d) Ratcheting or backfitting requirements imposed by _NRC.-The
changes in Ir"gu1lory requirements-and regulations cause the appli-
cant, su-taiitial uncertainty in planning a nuclear plant and result in
substantial delays in tihe construction and operation of tliome plants
already in the licensing process.
During this secsson, these and other similar concerns have been the
subject of further inquiry by the Committee (see e.g. II. Rept. 94-60,
June 4, 1975, at pp. 4-7 ;S. Rept. 94-174; June 4, 1975 at pp. 3-7) and
the subject of extensive correspondence with the Nuclear Reg mlatory
Coimmis-ion (-see e.g.. March 19.197a5, HIearings on the Nuclear lRegufla-
tory Comnii -.ion Authorizingo Legislation, Fiscal Year 1976, Appen-
dix 4).
In view of the State role in the approval of sites for nuclear power-
plants, the Committee's Executive Director sent a letter to the States
which have already enacted or which are considering siting and licens-
ing legislation, and, among others, the Governors' Task Force on En-
ergy, and the National Conference of State Legislatures. The letter
noted that an important part of the Administration's proposed leoisla-
tion concerns the early approval of prospective sites for nuclear facili-
ties. The success of the early site approval procedures would appear
to depend in large measure on the participation in the site approval
process by the State in which the site is located. A major area which

and Budget. In addition. the Comnmittee lhearil testimony from Con-
,Tc.-:iman Willi;,. Iiarshia, (R. Ohio) and from Elmer B. Staats, the
Comipt roller Genei ral.
Tlie C(iominittee flo intends to receive testimony from the Secretary
of State e-irly in the next Congressional session, which will complete
the Governmeintal phase of the hearings on this subject. It is antici-
pated ti;it additional hearings will be scheduled soon thereafter to
receive testimony from industrial firms interested in building enrieh-
ment facilities, from the utilities who would buyv the output of such
'z,,iliti-e. and from other interested parties and the public. The Com-
mittee intends to publish the record of the first five days of these hear-
ing., in the near future.
The hearings conducted to date have proven highly informative in
terms of identifying the major policy issues associated with the Ad-
ministration's proposed plan. Issues such as the appropriateness of the
Government's proposed guarantees: the international implications;
safeguards and security considerations: foreign participation; the
sufficiency of competition; and the viability of the contingency plan
to build an add-on Government facility have been thoroughly ex-
plored. Although the Committee has not yet reached any decision on
the Administration's proposed plan. a consensus has developed that
the Committee's review and approval authority for any specific pro-
posals must be significantly strengthened. This matter is being ex-
plored further by the Committee with the Executive Branch.

IT. AMR:E.MENTS FOR COOPERATION
A. On January 14, 1975. the Atomic Energy Commission submitted
to the Congress a proposed amendment to extend for two years, until
April 11, 1977, the Avreement for Cooperation between the United
States and Israel which has been in e-istence since 1955. The proposed
amendment was subject to the Congressional review procedure in
Section 123d. of the Atomic Enerav Act of 1954, as amended, in 1974
by Public Law 93-485 (88 Stat. 1460).
The agreement concerns peaceful re.serch applications in the field
of atomic energy such as the use of radioisotopes for agricultural and
medical purposes and in reactor physics and nuclear chemistry. Under
the Agrieement for Cooperation. Israel purchased a 5 megawatt (ther-
mal) research reactor from a United States manufacturer. That re-
actor, which became operational in 1960, is fueled with highly en-
riched uranium. The reactor is used for research in physics and
chemistry and for the production of radioisotopes.
An open hearing was held on the amendment to the Act by the
Subcommittee on Agreements for Cooperation. chaired by Congress-
man Teno Roncalio, on February 6. 1975. at which time testimony was
received from Dr. Abraham S. Friedman. who was the then Acting
Assistant A administrator for International Affairs in the Energ.v Re-
search and Development Administration.
Thlie Committee reported identical concurrent resolutions to the
Sonnte (S. Con. Req. 15) and to the House (H. Con. Res. 114) which
favored the prop, eId amendment. The concurrent resolution was

AtomicI' Energy Agency. The proposed increase in the ceiling for en-
ri,]d l, 1 ,iranum to fuel a total installed capacity of 2.000. megawatts
of eletiric energy corresponds to the aggpreate capacitv o' three
nucle;tr 1'owe"r reactors to be purchased from United Strates manuifac-
tImrers. T'N 1.-me r, tthe first power creators to be purchlasedl from United
titi.- -,irct'- tr,,lql,-l IA LE. Two of these reactors will be inm Iexico
a1n(d the otier in Yiugoslavia.
The proposed anl'mende(lnllit wvas subject to thlie sae Congressional
review procedlure discullssed above with regard to the amonndllent to the
II- IATO-\1 Ao-recnent for Cooperation. Tlie Subcomnmittee on
A2,r,,IHlii t s for Cooperation held open hearingrs on tlioe am)endmnent to
tlh IAEA iaoi-recnelt on Febriary 6, 1975, and received testimony
from Dr. Abraham S. Friedman of ERDA. The Committee reported
a conriiiTent resolution to tleHe House (H. Con. Res. 115) and an iden-
tical conciirrent resolution to the Senate (S. Con. Des. 13), which
favored the proposed action. The concurrent resolution was passed in
the SF-:.ite on February 19, 1975, and was laid on the table in tlhe
911-. omon March 17, 1975. As in the case of the situation with
ERdATOM dis,_ csseld above, the commitment to furnish enriched
uranium will result, only under contracts for enriching services be-
tween the Energy Research and Development Administration and the
purcha-er of the services, and to the extent that enrichment capacity is
available.
All of the enriched uranium which would be transferred would be
subject to IAEA safeguards. Mexico and Yugoslavia are each member
states of IAEA. Each of these countries is a party to the Xon-Prolifer-
ation Treaty and each has concluded a. safeguards agreement with
IAEA purqisant to Non-Proliferation Treaty requirements. Reproc-
essinz of the irradiated fuel from each of the three reactors could
produce as much as 140 kilograms of plutonium annually. Under tlhe
terms of the United States-IAEA Agreement for Cooperation. the
IAEA's statute, the United States'-supplied enriched uranium., includ-
in thle plutonium which is producedI by the irradiation and the subse-
quelt reprocessing of that uranium, is subject to the IAEA safeguards
system.
With regard to all international agn-reements, the Joint Committee
stated in its reports on the concurrent resolutions discussed above that
the prevention of clandclestine proliferation of nuclear weapons is
essential to any exchange program. It is therefore necessary that ade-
quate control be maintained over the nuclear fuel for any reactor which
is operated outside of this country under any agreement with the
United States. This control can be achieved through the IAEA safe-
guards system or through other systems such as a requirement that the
receiving country return the irradiated fuel to the United States for
repr-ocessing. nWhile an objective of the United States international
program for peaceful purposes of atomic energy continues to be that
other nations have the opportunity to enjoy the benefits of atomic
energy, every prudent Qtep must be taken to prevent the clandestine
diversion of special nuclear material for other than peaceful purposes.
During this session a number of bills were referred to the Joint
Coi limmttee on Atomic Energy dealing with the subject of various

17. Lidl J/I filr [ F[(1st B,,d, /' ,c/Ri,- for P'oqr,/Im
On iMarch 19, 1975, Senator John 0. Pastore. Chairman of the Joint
Colmlmittee on Atoiet' En)ergy, etalblishedl a Subclwolnnittee under the
ciiai nrum s!lip of Ren,'e.cntative Mikle ^^'Cormnefk to review thie Liquid
Melal Fast Breeder Reactor (IIF R) Pro'rl1in and related activi-
li(, (of tihe J'Energv ]Rcsh.;rch ;ind De\velopmient. Adinii:itration. Tihe
purpose of this review was to examine tlhe various concerns that have
I'c-en expiv-sed land questionss that have been raised within the Con-
..ress and out.-ide by members of the public with respect to several
'funidamental issues such i;s the n-ed and tiinin of the breeder pro-
gram. the c +t and potential benefits to be realize from it. andl the
attendant risks associated with tlhe ultimate widespread commercial
1use of this type of energy production and conversion technology.
In order to gatlier pertinent background information, Subcommittee
Chairman McCormack wrote a letter to 90 organizations and indi-
viduals posing a series of questions on energy trends, energy sources.
thlie role of nuclear power, and safety and environmental concerns. Re-
sponses received were published in a Committee print entitled "Issues
for Consideration-Review of National Breeder Reactor Program,"
August 1975.
During the Spring and Summer, the Subcommittee held a series of
public briefings and hearings on the history of the nuclear power pro-
gram, the nuclear fuel cycle, reactor types and characteristics, the en-
richment process, present status of the civilian nuclear power program
and the role of utilities in the Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project.
Throughout June and July, during a series of seven public hearings,
the Subcommittee received oral testimony from representatives of gov-
ernment agencies, private industry, public groups and individuals
presenting information on both sides of the issue relevant to the need
for the breeder program. These included energy trends, alternate en-
ergy sources, safety and environmental considerations, safeguards,
role of converter and breeder reactors, and cost-benefit analyses.
The Subcommittee has prepared a report stating its views, conclu-
sions and recommendations with regard to the need and timing of the
breeder. It is planned that this report will be published early in 1976.
C. Nuclear Power Reactor Safety
The Joint Committee continued to devote major attention to the
subject of nuclear power reactor safety over this past year. This was
done in recognition of the fact that nuclear activities must be carried
out in a manner which fully protects the health and safety of the
public and which minimizes the impact of these activities on the envir-
onment. The health and safety record in the nuclear programs has been
excellent, and there have been no radiation accidents in this country
which have in any meaningful way jeopardized the public or the
environment.
As part of its continuing attention to matters of safety significance.
the Joint Committee held a hearing February 5, 1975, on the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission (NRC) action of January 30,1975, requiring
the operators of 23 boiling water reactors to perform prompt safety
inspections of certain piping in their plants. The purposes of this hear-
ing were to determine the full extent of the situation requiring reactor
shutdowns, its impact on the nuclear power program, and to bring this

7d

,i:ttI r- fully and opelly to the. attetitioi n of *IIw p, li'. I'l^ le pr c ,litiii-
;i,*' shutdown action w;i-t. t:ileii l)y NIRC after it ,li,,vcry o, pi
de tfec s ill s, eve 'al o ct ing I.,,il i g v'tler ri d e: ',-. f!,r-t i i 1101 :\-
icciived at the le:aring ',iroi NI(I a d i dt IthI tnioi of (IoI' *r'I'i < 'ieil-
tists. Tlie hI:'rii el,:trly lbrogI121i1 l t I lie trt tlfiat tIie pilping ,1r0I ,-
1emlis pre -IInted iio a:1:, rd t 1 t p iblic, a d tli;l there I litid l1,y i;,
Ie'leoises of radiIioactivitV :II c'iWited withi tie d(efec in I.le ai lc I
operating p lants. Diuirinit i he ih.:lirtio:1s oioi iler*Il I NIl, no ;v'idl-
tionlial cracks w l, illtou d ill t ihe p)ipf), of O of the pl;,ill- 0 onel a t.
reported that it had fon1d(1 one adh ditional -imiall (rack in it, pipinjll.
All pipes in wiich 'rNi1
The ,Joint Commiiiittee also h(eld : la;lrilt Septeiiil'er 1(,. 1,97'). oln lit'
Cilr'iiiiist an'es and iImpli,.atioln-. particularly from i0Ie staind(lpoilt of
nuclear saflety, of a tire vwhilch oocurre(d oil Marcli 2 197
Tennessee Valleyv Authority's Browns Ferrycit Nuclear P1lant. Tlie pu-
pose of this hearing, as in the previous ca,.:-. was to vv,:,iinte tlie r.i!-,s
and impart of the event in que-I ioni. and to bring this safetyv-related
matter to the attention of the )public. Testimony was received froin the
Nuclear Regulatory Commissioni the Tennessee Valley Authority aind
the State of Alaibamia.
The record of this hearing showed, contrary to numerous reports in
the media, that the fire did not constitute a "iiear disaster" and thliat
sufficient backup systems were available at all tinaes to provide neces-
sary cooling of the nuclear reactor cores. There was no unusual release
of radioactivity to the environment, and no hazard was presented to
the public. Although the hearings demonstrated that improvement-
are needed in design practices and operating procedures to minimize
the possibility and consequences of such fires in the future, the inci-
dlent showed that nuclear powerplant. indeed have a large mnarrin i of
safety built into them.
On October 29, 1975, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission trans-
mitted to the Joint Committee the final report of the Reactor Safety
Study, which is generally referred to as the Rasmussen Report. The
study, which was conducted over a three-year period, undoubtedly
represents the most comprehensive risk asessinent of nuciloar Iplants
ever made. The Joint Committee has strongly encouraged and sup-
ported this effort to quantify the risks associated with nuclear power.
to put these, risks into overall perspective, and to conimunicate th.-:r
matters to the public in terms the layman can understand. The overall
conclusiion of the final report wais that the risks attached to the opera-
tion of preseiit-day 1ucile:ir p)owerip)lants are very low coinpar. d to
othlier natural and 1inannmaL(e risl-.
D. Rbadiooactive Waste M.,1,7,,gcment
On November 19, 1975, the Joint Commiititee liteld a public li heariniIr
on the policies, plans and proe-r:nils of the Executive Branch to pro-
vide for the safe storaure anmd (displ- of radionctivoe wastes. producedi
in thie commercial ni-(lear fuel cycle. Tliis he:irlln waaq a p1alrt of (lie
Committee's continuing effort s to stimulate tie developineint of a com-
prehen. ive waste dislposal prL'Lri. Among th.', efollois was t lie Com-
mittee's directive in its report on the bill authorizing ERDA :upprp-
priations for fis,:ll ye r 197r that EUIAI p)reI,'1re a comp'`i(rehe*sive

78

and detailed analysis of the options for storage and disposal of com-
mercially generated radioactive wastes. This report is to be submitted
to the Congress by March 31. 1976.
During the hearing, the Committee received testimony from ERDA
on its research, development and demonstration activities on waste
processing, storage and disposal. Testimony was also presented by the
Nuclear Reg-ulatory Commission and the Environmental Protection
Agency on the standards and regulations being developed to assure
the safe handling a;nd disposal of radioactive wastes. The hearing
served to .how that there are no basic technical problems standing
in the way of demonstrating an acceptable program for the disposal
of radioactive wastes. The Committee will continue to devote major
attention to this subject. It is planned that the record of this hearing
will be publislied early in 1976.
IV. CLASSIFIED ACTIVITIES
A. Central Intelligence Agency
On April 8, 1975, the Director of the CIA briefed the Joint Com-
mittee on foreign intelligence matters. From time to time during the
year, the CIA has provided the Committee with information concern-
ing foreign intelligence relating to atomic energy.
B. Disarmament Matters
On April 10, 1975, the Director of the Arms Control and Disarma-
ment Agency briefed the Joint Conmnittee on the status and Stra-
tegic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II) and the Mutual and Bal-
anced Fore Reduction negotiations.
On a continuing basis the Joint Committee, through its contacts
with the Department of Defense, Department of State, Energy Re-
search and Development Administration and the Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency, keeps fully and currently informed on matters
relating to disarmament.
C. Nuclear Weapons
The Joint Committee continued its oversight over the nuclear
weapons program of both the Energy Research and Development
Administration and the- Department of Defense. Authorization hear-
ings were conducted on March 12,1975, on the weapons program with
ERDA and DOD witnesses. During the year, the Chairman expressed
to the Executive Branch continuing concern over the adequacy of
safeguards and security of deployed U.S. nuclear weapons in light of
the growing terrorist threats worldwide.

V. OTHER ACTIVITIES
A. Confit-muation Hearcigs
The Senate Section of the Joint Committee held hearings on May 1,
1975, to consider the nomination of General Alfred D. Starbird to be
Assistant Administrator of the Energy Research and Development
Administration for National Security, and on June 27, 1975, to con-
sider the nomination of Dr. Richard Roberts to be Assistant Admin-

VI. COM3MITTEES PLANS FOR 94TII CON(;IISS. SI:E.C'ONDI) .t.ION
The Joint Committee on Atomic Energy is unique in that it is the
only Committee of Congress authorized to receive and recommend to
the Congress proposed legislation in the field of atomic energy. In
addition under its statutory charter in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954,
as amended, the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy was established
as an agent of the Congress and the American people and charged
with the responsibility of making continuing studies of the activities
of the executive branch in the field of atomic energy and of problems
relating to the development, use and control of atomic energy. Thus
under the Atomic Energy Act, the Joint Committee on Atomic Enery
lias the responsibility of carrying out the "watchdog" or oversight
function in that field.
The Joint Committee's plans in connection with its legislative and
oversight responsibilities during the second session of the 9Ith Con-
gress include the following:
A. Legislation
1. Annual authorization hearings will be held on the nuclear part
of the ERDA budget.
2. Annual authorizat ion hearings will be held on the Nuclear Enernrv
Regulatory Commission budget.
3. Tlhe Committee will continue its consideration of the Adminis-
tration's Nuclear Fuel Assurance Act of 1975 identical bills, S. 2)35
and IH.R. 8101.
4. The Committee will consider the Administration's propo.:al to
amend the Atomic Energy. Act of 1951. as amended, to revise one of
the 1iases for estahlishin g prices for uranium enrichment services,.
provided by ERDA. This proposal was introduced by request as
i(lent ical bills, S. 2053 and H.R. 8389.
5. The Committee will continue its consideration of proposed siting
and licensing le(rislation regard ding nuclear facilities including tlhe

so

Administration's proposals (S. 1717 and II.R. 7002, identical), H.R.
1995 and II.R. 3734., S. 1665, as well as other bills related to the nuclear
fuel cycle.
6. The Committees legislative calendar includes numerous bills
which deal with the Nation's atomic energy program and consideration
will be given to the need for Committee action on these bills.
7. Additional consideration will be given to extension of the Atomic
Energy Community Act of 1955 authority to Los Alamos County and
the Los Alamos school district.
D. 0 ersiqght Ar.i)':tles
1. The Committee will consider a report, which the Energy Reor-
ganiZItion Act of 1974 requires the President to submit to the Con-
ir.C-. on recommendations regarding the transfer of ERDA's milita i-y
application functions.
2. The Committee will consider the report which the Energy Re-
organization Act of 1974 requires the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
to submit to the Congress, on the need for and the feasibility of a Fed-
eral agency to carry out certain security functions with regard to
-a feguards.
3. The Committee will consider the report which the Ener-gy Re-
organization Act of 1974 requires the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
to submit to the Congress on its nuclear energy center site survey.
4. The Committee intends to schedule hearings in March of 1976
to consider the question of which utilities in this country are in a fi-
nancial position to permit them to assume additional financial risks
inder the Price-Anderson Act.
5. The Committee has requested the Nuclear Regulatory Commis-
sion to submit a report on whether Price-Anderson protection should
be given to plutonium fabrication facilities.
6. The Committee intends to hold further hearings and examine
closely matters relating to the proper disposal of radioactive wastes
from the civilian nuclear power program as well as matters related
to other parts of the so-called "back-end of the fuel cycle," such as
reprocessing of irradiated fuel.
7. The Committee also intends to thoroughly review the progress
which isbeing made by ERDA and other agencies to survey the ade-
quacy of uranium ore supplies in the United States.
8. The Committee intends to continue to examine closely the activi-
ties of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to assure that the safety
and environmental responsibilities of that agency continue to be car-
ried out at the highest levels of efficiency and under procedures which
are designed to achieve maximum efficiency, but without any sacrifice
of the overriding goal of the regulatory mission.
9. The Committee intends to follow closely the progress which is
being made with regard to the organization of the important Clinch
River Breeder Reactor project and with regard to the plans for con-
struction of the reactor.
10. If time permits, the Committee intends to schedule Section 202
hearings on the status of commercial nuclear power, including such
matters as difficulties which are being encountered, fuel cycle prob-
lems, reliability and safety record.