C

C

a programming language designed by Dennis Ritchie during the early 1970s and immediately used to reimplement Unix; so called because many features derived from an earlier compiler named `B' in commemoration of its parent, BCPL. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

C

n. 1. The third letter of the English alphabet. 2. ASCII 1000011. 3. The name of a programming language designed by Dennis Ritchie during the early 1970s and immediately used to reimplement Unix; so called because many features derived from an earlier compiler named `B' in commemoration of its parent, BCPL. (BCPL was in turn descended from an earlier Algol-derived language, CPL.) Before Bjarne Stroustrup settled the question by designing C++, there was a humorous debate over whether C's successor should be named `D' or `P'. C became immensely popular outside Bell Labs after about 1980 and is now the dominant language in systems and microcomputer applications programming. See also languages of choice, indent style. C is often described, with a mixture of fondness and disdain varying according to the speaker, as "a language that combines all the elegance and power of assembly language with all the readability and maintainability of assembly language". From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

C programming language

Point: The language is quirky, difficult for beginners to learn, and really just an accident of history. Despite this, one must grok the language in order to become an elite hacker. Key point: The large number of buffer overflow exploits is directly related to poor way that C protects programmers from doing the wrong thing. On the other hand, these lack of protections leads directly to its high speed. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

/C'-pluhs-pluhs/ n. Designed by Bjarne Stroustrup of AT&T Bell Labs as a successor to C. Now one of the languages of choice, although many hackers still grumble that it is the successor to either Algol 68 or Ada (depending on generation), and a prime example of second-system effect. Almost anything that can be done in any language can be done in C++, but it requires a language lawyer to know what is and what is not legal-- the design is almost too large to hold in even hackers' heads. Much of the cruft results from C++'s attempt to be backward compatible with C. Stroustrup himself has said in his retrospective book "The Design and Evolution of C++" (p. 207), "Within C++, there is a much smaller and cleaner language struggling to get out." [Many hackers would now add "Yes, and it's called Java" --ESR] From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

C->Haskell Interface Generator C->Haskell is an interface generator that simplifies the development of Haskell bindings to C libraries. The tool processes existing C header files that determine data layout and function signatures on the C side in conjunction with Haskell modules that specify Haskell-side type signatures and marshaling details. Hooks embedded in the Haskell code signal access to C structures and functions -- they are expanded by the interfacing tool in dependence on information from the corresponding C header file. Haskell 98 is "the" standard lazy functional programming language. More info plus the language definition is at http://www.haskell.org/. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

c2html

Highlight C sources for WWW presentation c2html can highlight your source for presentation in the WWW. It can also be used as a CGI script and can detect whether the client browser supports compressed data to save bandwidth. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

a program to extract Microsoft Cabinet files Cabextract is a program which unpacks cabinet (.cab) files, which are a form of archive Microsoft uses to distribute their software and things like Windows Font Packs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A small fast memory holding recently accessed data, designed to speed up subsequent access to the same data. Most often applied to processor-memory access but also used for a local copy of data accessible over a network etc. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Cache

A storage area that keeps frequently accessed data or program instructions readily available so that you don't have to retrieve them repeatedly from slow storage. Caches improve storage by storing data or instructions in faster sections of memory and by using efficient design to increase the likelihood that the data needed next is in the cache. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cache

A temporary storage area for currently-used or recently-accessed data. Cache can be system-level (residing in dedicated cache memory on the motherboard or physically etched on the central processing unit) or disk-based (residing in main memory such as a hard disk drive or RAM). From Redhat-9-Glossary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cache

In general computer science, the word cache means simply to keep things around in case they are used again. For example, when you log onto your system, your username and password are stored in a cache in memory, because they are repeatedly used by the system every time you access a resource. Key point: Sometimes systems can be exploited through the cache. Examples are: HTTP proxy servers Companies use these so that thousands of users can share a single Internet connection. They store recently used webpages so that when multiple users access the same web-site, the proxy server only has to go across the link once in order to fetch the page for all the users. A never ending series of bugs leads to conditions whereby when one user logs into a website, other users can see that first user's data. Web-browser history/file cache Once a hacker breaks into a machine, he/she can view the history cache (list of URLs) or file cache (the actual contents of the web-sites) in order to spy on where the user has been. Embarrassing, inadvertent disclosure of this information by users with certain surfing habits is common. Web-browser cookie cache Lots of web-sites store passwords within cookies, so that stealing somebody's cookie information will allow a hacker to log in as that user. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cacti

Frontend to rrdtool for monitoring systems and services Cacti is a complete frondend to rrdtool, it stores all of the necessary information to create graphs and populate them with data in a MySQL database. The frontend is completely PHP driven. Along with being able to maintain Graphs, Data Sources, and Round Robin Archives in a database, cacti handles the data gathering also. There is also SNMP support for those used to creating traffic graphs with MRTG. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

command-line client for WebDAV server Useful for WebDAV server testing and scripting. Works like command line FTP clients. This Version supports HTTPS, including Client Site Certificates. Briefly: WebDAV stands for "Web-based Distributed Authoring and Versioning". It is a set of extensions to the HTTP protocol which allows users to collaboratively edit and manage files on remote web servers. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Creative ASCII Drawing Utility By Ian CADUBI is an application written in Perl that allows you to draw text-based images that are viewable on typical unix-based consoles. Usually the applications that emulate these consoles support various text modes, such as background and foreground colors, bold, and inverse. This text art, commonly called "ASCII art," is used in various places such as online BBSes, email and login prompts. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The CAEN RedHat 6.1 (BlueHat) distribution was an effort put together by CAEN to provide a free, downloadable release of RedHat 6.1 that would be "secure out of the box" and well configured for the University of Michigan environment. The site seems to have been last updated in September 2000. Distribution development is not all that active. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The desktop version "Computador Magico" is available now. The server version "Servidor Magico" will be available soon. This distribution is partialy based on Debian and SuSE, but much of it was rewritten, and localized in Portuguese. It includes OpenOffice. Added to list July 8, 2002. Version 8.01 was released May 21, 2003. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Log analyzer for Squid or Oops proxy log files Calamaris is a Perl script which generates nice statistics out of Squid or Oops log files. It is invoked daily before the proxy rotates its log files and mails the statistics or puts them on the web. There are quite a number of options to choose what kind of report should be generated (domain-report, peak-report, performance-report etc.). This can be tuned in /etc/cron.daily/calamaris An example of such a report can be found on http://www.cord.de/tools/squid/calamaris/calamaris-2.html From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

calc

An advanced calculator and mathematical tool for Emacs This is an advanced calculator and mathematical tool for GNU Emacs. XEmacs has calc built-in, so you only need this package if you are using GNU Emacs. Very roughly based on the HP-28/48 series of calculators, calc's many features include: * Choice of algebraic or RPN (stack-based) entry of calculations. * Arbitrary precision integers and floating-point numbers. * Arithmetic on rational numbers, complex numbers (rectangular and polar), error forms with standard deviations, open and closed intervals, vectors and matrices, dates and times, infinities, sets, quantities with units, and algebraic formulas. * Mathematical operations such as logarithms and trigonometric functions. * Programmer's features (bitwise operations, non-decimal numbers). * Financial functions such as future value and internal rate of return. * Number theoretical features such as prime factorization and arithmetic modulo M for any M. * Algebraic manipulation features, including symbolic calculus. * Moving data to and from regular editing buffers. * "Embedded mode" for manipulating Calc formulas and data directly inside any editing buffer. * Graphics using GNUPLOT, a versatile (and free) plotting program. * Easy programming using keyboard macros, algebraic formulas, algebraic rewrite rules, or extended Emacs Lisp. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Provides super user privileges to specific users. Calife is a lightweight alternative to Sudo. It allows selected users to obtain a shell with the identity of root, or another user, after entering their own password. This permits the system administrator to grant root privileges without sharing the root password. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Cpu's Audio Mixer for Linux An audio mixer for Linux, based originally on aumix. Supports both OSS/Free and OSS/Linux. The DOSEMU package provides the vga font which xcam (a script to run cam nicely in an xterm) needs to run properly, but it will run without it. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A versatile WebMail system for the Caudium WebServer CAMAS is a WebMail system created for the Caudium WebServer. It features multi-lingual interface (most European languages are already present in the distribution), full themability of the user interface, mailbox sorting, on-line mail notification, global and local address books, import from the Pine or Netscape address books and much more. CAMAS is written in the Pike language. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Stub code generator for Objective Caml CamlIDL generates stub code for interfacing Caml with C from an IDL description of the C functions. Thus, CamlIDL automates the most tedious task in interfacing C libraries with Caml programs. It can also be used to interface Caml programs with other languages, as long as those languages have a well-defined C interface. This package contains the CamlIDL executable. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

stream video out onto the web Takes a video-for-linux video stream, generally from a camera, and streams it out live to requesting clients. Works with Mozilla, Netscape Navigator, and (under protest) Microsoft Internet Explorer. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

camserv-relay

relay camserv streaming video This connects as a client to a camserv streaming video server, and then acts as a camserv server, streaming the same data to clients. Useful when the computer doing the streaming has insufficient CPU, I/O, or network bandwidth to stream to the required number of clients. A tree of camserv relays can handle massive loads. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

camstream

collection of tools for webcams and other video-devices CamStream is (going to be) a collection of tools for webcams and other video-devices, enhancing your Linux system with multimedia video. All written in C++ and with a nice GUI frontend. The interface is based on Qt, an excellent GUI framework. The aim of this project is build a set of programs for: * Webcamming, that is saving an image and uploading it to a server at regular intervals; * Video conferencing; * Webcam broadcast (including server); * Recording movie clips (AVI, Quicktime) from a webcam (and playing them back); * Using a webcam as a security camera. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A japanese input system (server and dictionary). Canna is a Japanese input system available in Free Software. Canna provides a unified user interface for inputing Japanese. Canna supports Nemacs(Mule), kinput2 and canuum. All of these tools can be used by a single customization file, romaji-to-kana conversion rules and conversion dictionaries, and input Japanese in the same way. Canna converts kana to kanji based on a client-server model and supports automatic kana-to-kanji conversion. This package includes cannaserver program and dictionary files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

an utility to let your boss think that you're working hard Run this software on your computer when you are not motivated to work, and enjoy doing something different. If your boss come in your cubicle, he'll think "Yeah, he's doing something different since his computer is really busy - He's doing something really important". From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Graphical front-end for command line programs (Qt version) Captain is a universal graphical front-end (Qt) based on context-free grammars. The program kaptain reads a file containing grammatical rules for generating text. It builds a dialog from the grammar and generates the text according to the user's settings. There's also KDE version of this package (kaptain) if you have already installed KDE desktop. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Of or relating to the handling of character casing in data input and output. UNIX (TM) and UNIX-compatible operating systems (such as Red Hat Linux) are case-sensitive in that they treat the same defined term differently if the terms are not cased identically (such as foo and FOO). From Redhat-9-Glossary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Backup utility for the CASIO diary. It is a package ported from DOS to allow communication to the CASIO series of hand-held organizers. It allows backup from CASIO to your computer and restore a backup file from your computer to the CASIO. It can also output human readable file from CASIO. Currently supports: phone, calendar, schedule, memo, and reminder. Read the documentation before using this program! From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

enclose land and destroy your opponent's castle It's a clone of the old DOS game Rampart. Up to four players (or more in future versions) build castle walls, place cannons inside these walls, and shoot at the walls of their enemy(s). If a player can't build a complete wall around one of his castles, he loses. The last surviving player wins. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

casu

Communication and Status Utilities This package contains 2 utilities: 1. flon -- lists your friends who are logged on 2. to -- sends a short message to another user flon simply uses the ~/.friends file to instruct it on which users to display. Flon can also act like a BSD style who(1), if invoked with the -w option or from a symlink named 'who'. to is rather like write(1), except that it accepts input as command line arguments rather than on the standard input. It uses ~/.torc for configuration, and can be configured to autoreply to messages in different ways depending on whether you're logged in or not or if your terminal is idle, and can also exclude individual users from sending messages to your terminal. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

[from `catenate' via Unix cat(1)] vt. 1. [techspeak] To spew an entire file to the screen or some other output sink without pause (syn. blast). 2. By extension, to dump large amounts of data at an unprepared target or with no intention of browsing it carefully. Usage: considered silly. Rare outside Unix sites. See also dd, BLT. Among Unix fans, cat(1) is considered an excellent example of user-interface design, because it delivers the file contents without such verbosity as spacing or headers between the files, and because it does not require the files to consist of lines of text, but works with any sort of data. Among Unix haters, cat(1) is considered the canonical example of bad user-interface design, because of its woefully unobvious name. It is far more often used to blast a file to standard output than to concatenate two files. The name cat for the former operation is just as unintuitive as, say, LISP's cdr. Of such oppositions are holy wars made.... See also UUOC. From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

catalog

Tool to create,maintain and display Yahoo! like directories. Catalog is a perl program that allows to create, maintain and display Yahoo! like directories. The user interface is 100% HTML. It requires a MySQL database to run. The general idea behind the design of Catalog is that creating a catalog is mainly a matter of organizing objects in a structured tree. For Catalog the objects are records in a table of the SQL database. The structured tree is a set of tree nodes and relations between these nodes. The maintainer of the catalog is in charge of building the tree and placing objects in this tree. Here is a short list of the functions provided by Catalog: * Display structured trees of resources. * Display chronologically ordered resources and associated calendar. * Display alphabetical indexes of resources. * Allow full text search in the resources and the category names. * Powerful HTML based administration of catalogs. * On-Line editing of resource records. * Handle an arbitrary number of catalogs. * High performances using mod_perl and Apache. * Easy customization of the user view using HTML template files. * It is possible to define more than one view of the same catalog. * Load and unload a thematic catalog in XML. * Create an HTML dump of a structured tree to publish a static version. * Complete documentation including a guide and a reference manual. * Ready to use example. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

catatonic

adj. Describes a condition of suspended animation in which something is so wedged or hung that it makes no response. If you are typing on a terminal and suddenly the computer doesn't even echo the letters back to the screen as you type, let alone do what you're asking it to do, then the computer is suffering from catatonia (possibly because it has crashed). "There I was in the middle of a winning game of nethack and it went catatonic on me! Aaargh!" Compare buzz. From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

MS-Word to TeX or plain text converter This program extracts text from MS-Word files, trying to preserve as many special printable characters as possible. catdoc supports everything up to Word-97. It doesn't even try to preserve fancy Word formatting, because Word users usually don't care about document structure, and it is this very thing which is important to LaTeX users. Also provided is xls2csv, which extracts data from Excel spreadsheets and outputs it in comma-separated-value format. This package suggests tk because it also includes wordview, an optional Tk-based GUI for catdoc. The MIME config provided in this package will use wordview is X is running, or catdoc directly if it is not. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

catdvi

DVI to plain text translator CatDVI translates a TeX Device Independent (DVI) file into a readable plaintext file. It aims to generate high-quality output that reproduces all aspects of the DVI file within the limits of the output medium. CatDVI uses Unicode internally and can output ASCII, ISO Latin 1 and UTF-8 Unicode. CatDVI can be used for previewing TeX documents on character-cell displays such as traditional terminals and terminal emulators. It is also possible to use it in generation of plain text documents from TeX source, assuming that the document is written with this conversion in mind. CatDVI is under development and as such yet incomplete. However, it is quite useful even in its current form and already outperforms some of its competition in some areas. CatDVI requires that the TFM files for all fonts used in its input DVI files are installed or can be generated by kpathsea. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

An extensible WWW server written in Pike Caudium is a modern, fast and extensible WWW server derived from Roxen. Caudium is by default compatible with Roxen 1.3 although some incompatible options, mostly introduced to improve the performance, security etc. of the server, can be turned on. Caudium features built-in log parsing engine (UltraLog), XSLT parser, native PHP4 support, multiple execution threads and many more features - see http://caudium.net/ and http://caudium.org/ for more information. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Text-mode Bulgarian/English Dictionary CBE Dictionary is a command-line Bulgarian to English and English to Bulgarian electronic Dictionary. It can work in interactive mode too. The dictionary databases are not included in this package. You have to download bedic-data.tar.gz from http://kbedic.sourceforge.net/download.php. Install the files buleng.dat and engbul.dat in /usr/local/share/bedic. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

a C/C++ source code indexing, querying and browsing tool Cbrowser is a graphical C/C++ source code searching and browsing tool, and a hierarchical function call viewer. Cbrowser is a front-end to the popular source code indexing and querying program cscope and the alternative cs, both free software. Author: Chris Felaco <cfelaco@users.sourceforge.net> Home Page: http://cbrowser.sourceforge.net/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Compiler results cacher, for fast recompiles. ccache is a compiler cache. It speeds up re-compilation of C/C++ code by caching previous compiles and detecting when the same compile is being done again. This is similar (but faster) than the compilercache package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Colorised calendar utility CCAL is a drop in replacement for the standard unix calendar program. It includes support for color and daily, weekly, and yearly reminders/appointments. This release contains bug fixes and new features including support for reading "reminder" data files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A small GTK+ CD player program cccd is a small GTK+ CD player program with many features: * Works with SCSI devices * CDDB lookups (local and remote) and local storing * Uses very little screen space * Handles CD Extras (mixed mode CDs) From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A memory profiler/debugger This is a memory profiling package. It can be used to debug various memory allocation problems, including: o memory leaks o multiple deallocation of the same data o under writes and over writes o writes to already deallocated data From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

/C-D til-d*/ vi. To go home. From the Unix C-shell and Korn-shell command cd ~, which takes one to one's $HOME (cd with no arguments happens to do the same thing). By extension, may be used with other arguments; thus, over an electronic chat link, cd ~coffee would mean "I'm going to the coffee machine." From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cd-circleprint

prints round shaped cd-labels a program to create round shaped cd-labels written in perl, using perl-tk as frontend. It has four lines of nice round shaped text for each label, additional four fields with normal text, choosable text-size, font colour, background colour and background images. You can squeeze the whole page if your printer doesn't generate correct circles and you can move the circle on the sheet. The output is postscript so it should be usable on any system. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

CD-R(W) backup utility cdbackup and cdrestore are a pair of utilities designed to facilitiate streaming backup to and from CD-R(W) disks. Specificially, they were designed to work with dump/restore, but tar/cpio/whatever you want should work, so long as it writes to stdout for backups and reads from stdin for restores. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cdbakeoven

common GUI for writing CDs under KDE CD Bake Oven (CDBO) is a graphical CD-creation/copying tool designed which aims to combine the power and stability of great command line utilities with a contemporary, easy-to-use user interface. CDBO enables you to create data or music CDs in the most intuitive matter, while enabling you to control every aspect of the process. It is built on top of very well known cdrecord, mkisofs, cdda2wav and cdparanoia, encapsulating most of the options those utilities provide. This makes creating professional quality media as easy as making a few mouse clicks. Features include: o creating custom CDs by drag'n'drop'ing files from Konqueror or CDBO into the compilation list and clicking 'Create' o auto-detection of CD writers, supplemented by a Custom Devices Dialog for simple custom device configuration o a fully customize CD creation/duplication/erasing process (the CDBO Settings Dialog is split into convenient sections, such as o Audio CD copy, ISO Image creation, CDBO defaults, etc.) o a number of other features, such as: the ability to listen to o audio CDs while copying; ISO image creation; ISO image preview; Burn-At-Once support; BurnProf support (must be supported by the (hardware); bootable (El Torito) CD creation; and multiplatform CD creation. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

command line or console based CD player cdcd works in two ways, accepting commands directly off the command line or in a query mode similar to other UNIX programs. To pass a command to cdcd, simply run cdcd with the command as the argument (e.g. cdcd play). This is great for using cron and cdcd together to make a CD alarm clock. Or you can run cdcd without arguments and you will be given the cdcd command prompt. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cdcontrol

A parallel burner that allow you to write to one or more CD-Writter at once CDcontrol is a parallel CD burner program. It's allow you write to a unlimited number or CD writers (IDE and SCSI) at once time. The CDcontrol is the first burning system of that type that I know for *nix operating system and it's all under GPL license. Some of it's features are better than commercial systems that I've hear about (and fully support CD images and all data type supported by cdrecord program), one of these features is the separated control of each recorder once the recording is started (avoid problems due a fail or speed problem in other writers). The CDcontrol itself has a daily production report for each writter and fails of writting, in cases of more serious errors, a technical report is also written (it's content is a full cdrecord output for that writter, plus the time when it happens). Other interesting feature is the automatic calculation of copies, enabling only the writers requested to complete the number and skipping all that are disabled. The CDcontrol come with the following tools: cd-memoria - Read the CD image and write it on the permanent memory (HD, Raid, CDRW, etc). memoria-cd - Read the CD image and write it on all writers. apagar-cdcontrol - Delete a CD image from permanent memory config-cdcontrol - Allow you to manually enable/disable one or more writers. rel-cdcontrol - Allow you to read the success/fail reports of each day (the technician report is found at the subdirectory $LOG_DIR/tec and should be read as any text file in the system). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Cdda2wav is a sampling utility for CD-ROM drives that is capable of providing CD audio data in digital form to your host. Audio data read from the CD can be saved as .wav or .sun format sound files. Recording formats include stereo/mono, 8/12/16 bits, and different rates. Cdda2wav can also be used as a CD player. From Redhat 8.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

UNIX has not traditionally been intended as a desktop operating system, and therefore has lacked many of the features of Windows and Macintosh PCs. CDE is a standard supported by numerous UNIX vendors to supply a common desktop environment on top of X Windows and RPC. Of interest to hackers are the following, services: ToolTalk rpc.ttdbd Provides the core of most "desktop" services. Provides an inter-application communication library that can be linked to applications. ToolTalk has had two major remote exploits providing root access. In 1999, a buffer-overflow was discovered. In 2001, a format-string exploit was discovered. Both resulted in widespread compromises. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cdebconf

Debian Configuration Management System (C-implementation) Debconf is a configuration management system for Debian packages. It is used by some packages to prompt you for information before they are installed. This is a reimplementation of the original debconf version in C. Installing this package is rather dangerous now. It will break debconf. You have been warned! From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cdecl

Turn english phrases to C or C++ declarations Cdecl is a program which will turn English-like phrases such as "declare foo as array 5 of pointer to function returning int" into C declarations such as "int (*foo[5])()". It can also translate the C into the pseudo- English. And it handles typecasts, too. Plus C++. And in this version it has command line editing and history with the GNU readline library. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

shows the tracks on a CD as normal files CDfs is a file system for Linux systems that `exports' all tracks and boot images on a CD as normal files. These files can then be mounted (e.g. for ISO and boot images), copied, played (WAVE audio and VideoCD tracks)... The primary goal for developing this file system was to `unlock' information in old ISO images. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Dialog is a utility that allows you to show dialog boxes (containing questions or messages) in TTY (text mode) interfaces. Dialog is called from within a shell script. The following dialog boxes are implemented: yes/no, menu, input, message, text, info, checklist, radiolist, and gauge. Install dialog if you would like to create TTY dialog boxes. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cdindex is intended to be the open source replacement of cddb(tm) cdindex is a system that allows the web based submission of title, artist information of CDs and the retrieval. It is completely web based (cgi / html / xml) and uses a web browser for submission / retrieval. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

generates front cards and tray cards for CDs cdlabelgen was designed to simplify the process of generating labels for CDs. It originated as a program to allow auto generation of front cards and tray cards for CDs burned via an automated mechanism (specifically for archiving data), but has now become popular for labelling CD compilations of mp3's, and copies of CDs. Note that cdlabelgen does not actually print anything--it just spits out postscript, which you can then do with as you please. Author: B. W. Fitzpatrick <fitz@red-bean.com> Homepage: http://www.red-bean.com/~bwf/software/cdlabelgen/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

CDLinux

CDlinux is a CD based mini Linux distribution, which runs from a CDROM. It aims to be an administration/rescue tool for Eastern Asian (CJK) users. CDlinux is also highly user configureable, and supports a wide range of hardware (PCMCIA/SCSI/USB). Version 0.4.3 was released June 10, 2003. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

This CDDA reader distribution ('cdparanoia') reads audio from the CDROM directly as data, with no analog step between, and writes the data to a fileor pipe as .wav, .aifc or as raw 16 bit linear PCM. cdparanoia is a complete rewrite of Heiko Eissfeldt's 'cdda2wav' program, and generally is much better at succeeding to read difficult discs with cheap drives. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Cdrdao records audio CD-Rs in disk-at-once (DAO) mode, based on a textual description of the CD contents. Recording in DAO mode writes the complete disc (lead-in, one or more tracks, and lead-out) in a single step. DAO allows full control over the length and the contents of pre-gaps, the pause areas between tracks. From Redhat 8.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cdrdao

Write audio or mixed mode CD-Rs in disk-at-once mode cdrdao creates audio or mixed mode CD-Rs in disk-at-once (DAO) mode driven by a description file. In DAO mode it is possible to create non standard track pre-gaps that have other lengths than 2 seconds and contain nonzero audio data. This is for example useful to divide live recordings into tracks where 2 second gaps would be irritating. It is also possible to create hidden tracks or track intros as found on commercial CDs. This tool can produce audio and mixed mode CDs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cdrdao

Writes audio CD-Rs in disc-at-once (DAO) mode allowing control over pre-gaps (length down to 0, nonzero audiodata) and sub-channel information like ISRC codes. Alldata that is written to the disc must be specified witha text file. Audio data may be in WAVE or raw format. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cdrecord

A command line CD/DVD writing tool cdrecord allows you to create CDs on a CD recorder (SCSI or ATAPI). It supports writing data, audio, mixed, multi-session, and CD+ and DVD discs, on just about every type of CD recorder out there. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

some text-based commands for managing a CD cdtool contains cdplay, cdeject, cdstop, cdpause, and several other utilities that let you control your CD-ROM drive from a command line. Also, it comes with cdir, a utility that uses a workman-style database to keep track of the contents of different CDs. It now includes a commandline utility for controlling a CD-ROM called cdctrl. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A real-time visual space simulation Celestia is a real-time visual simulation of space. Choose a point within the Local Group of galaxies, and Celestia will show you an approximation of how it would appear to your eyes were you actually there. Some of what Celestia shows is necessarily hypothetical--the farther away from Earth you get, the less real data there is and the more guesswork is involved. Thus Celestia supplements observational data with good guesses based on models of stellar and planetary processes. Celestia is unique in its ability to allow you to navigate at an immense range of scales. Orbit a couple kilometers above the surface of a tiny, irregular asteroid, then head off toward Jupiter, watching it grow from a bright point of light into a looming sphere filling your field of vision. Leave our solar system entirely and observe the sun as it fades from a brilliant disk to a bright star, disappearing almost entirely as you head off toward the Upsilon Andromeda system to orbit around its innermost giant planet. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A text-mode ICQ client based on ncurses Centericq is a text mode menu- and window-driven IM interface. ICQ, Yahoo! and MSN protocols are now supported. It allows you to send, receive, and forward messages, URLs, SMSes and, contacts, mass message send, search for users (including extended "whitepages search"), view users' details, maintain your contact list directly from the program (including non-icq contacts), view the messages history, register a new UIN and update your details, be informed on receiving email messages, automatically set away after the defined period of inactivity (on any console), and have your own ignore, visible and invisible lists. It can also associate events with sounds, has support for Hebrew and Arabic languages and allows to arrange contacts into groups. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

CERN Linux is based on Red Hat Linux, with modifications to the kernel (to better support their hardware) and with additional software for High Energy Physics (HEP). It is used mostly at CERN and a few of the smaller HEP institutes worldwide, running on farm machines, servers, desktops and embedded PCs. CERN 7.3.2 was released April 9, 2003. Added to list June 17, 2003. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cern-httpd

The CERN HTTP (World-Wide Web) server The CERN HTTP daemon allows you to run an HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) server on your computer. HTTP is the main transport protocol used in the World Wide Web. Unless you wish only to serve files to users of your system, you must be hooked up to a TCP/IP network. This HTTP server is fairly outdated, and no longer maintained upstream. It does serve as a fairly nice local server, though. CERN ACKNOWLEDGMENT: This product includes computer software created and made available by CERN. This acknowledgment shall be mentioned in full in any product which includes the CERN computer software included herein or parts thereof. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

KDE based CVS frontend Cervisia is a graphical frontend for the CVS client. It provides access to the following features: * Updating or retrieving the status of a working directory or single files. * Files are displayed in different colors depending on their status, and the shown files can be filtered according to their status. * Common operations like adding, removing and commiting files. * Advanced operations like adding and removing watches, editing and unediting files, locking and unlocking. * Checking out and importing modules. * Graphical diff against the repository and between different revisions. * Blame-annotated view of a file. * View of the log messages in tree and list form. * Resolving of conflicts in a file. * Tagging and branching. * Updating to a tag, branch or date. * A Changelog editor coupled with the commit dialog. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A small UTF8 capable version of cfdisk This package contains the cfdisk program linked against the UTF8 libraries. Do not install it unless you really need a fdisk programs which needs to handle with UTF8, or unless you need if for a small Linux root filesystem like this on the boot-floppies. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Console Font Editor cfe is a console font editor which works well both on the console and the terminal. It includes such abilities as various glyph transforming, multi-level undo, and comparing the glyphs of two fonts. cfe automatically supports loading of .psf and raw binary fonts. Other types of fonts can be opened using the proper options. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cfengine

Tool for configuring and maintaining network machines The main purpose of cfengine is to allow the system administrator to create a single central file which will define how every host on a network should be configured. cfengine is also useful as an interpreter for a general scripting language for ordinary users. It is handy for tidying up junk files and for maintaining `watchdog' scripts to manage access rights and permissions on files when collaborating with other users. It takes a while to set up cfengine for a network (especially an already existing network), but once that is done you will wonder how you ever lived without it! From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Copyright does not exist, book about hacker culture. Copyright does not exist: Book about hacker culture, folklore and history by Linus Walleij. This is a translation from the original Swedish text. In HTML format. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cfingerd

Configurable finger daemon This is a free replacement for standard finger daemons such as GNU fingerd and MIT fingerd. Cfingerd can enable/disable finger service to individual users, rather than to all users on a given host. Cfingerd is able to respond to a finger request to a specified user by running a shell script (e.g., finger doorbell@mysite.mydomain might cause a sound file to be sent) rather than just a plain text file. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cfitsio2

Shared library for I/O with FITS format data files FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) is a data format most used in astronomy. cfitsio is a library of ANSI C routines for reading and writing FITS format data files. A set of Fortran-callable wrapper routines are also included for the convenience of Fortran programmers. This package contains what you need to run programs that use this library. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Cryptographic Filesystem CFS pushes encryption services into the Unix(tm) file system. It supports secure storage at the system level through a standard Unix file system interface to encrypted files. Users associate a cryptographic key with the directories they wish to protect. Files in these directories (as well as their pathname components) are transparently encrypted and decrypted with the specified key without further user intervention. CFS employs a novel combination of DES stream and codebook cipher modes to provide high security with good performance on a modern workstation. CFS can use any available file system for its underlying storage without modification, including remote file servers such as NFS. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

tests and creates .sfv, .csv and md5 files cfv is a utility to both test and create .sfv (Simple File Verify) .csv, and md5sum files. These files are commonly used to ensure the correct retrieval or storage of data. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

An interface between a Web site and a user. It allows forms, surveys and other documents to be filled on-line and the results automatically sent to the web site's UNIX server. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

CGI (Common Gateway Interface)

Used on Web servers to transmit data between scripts and/or applications and then return the data to the Web page or browser. CGI scripts are often created using the Perl language, and can generate dynamic Web content (including e-commerce shopping baskets, discussion groups, survey forms, current news, etc.). From I-gloss
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

CGI Form-to-Mail converter cgiemail is a flexible CGI-based tool that will allow non-programmers to create forms to be emailed. Note that it's no longer actively maintained upstream and has a history of security problems, so you may wish to use another package, such as mailto. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

allows ordinary users to run their own CGI scripts a gateway that allows more secure user access to CGI programs on an HTTPd server than is provided by the http server itself. The primary function of CGIwrap is to make certain that any CGI script runs with the permissions of the user who installed it, and not those of the server. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Complete Go board Cgoban (Complete Goban) is a computerized board on which you can play the game of Go against another player, view and edit smart-go files, and connect to Go servers on the Internet. It can also interface with computer Go programs that speak Go modem protocol. You will need some sort of image converter if you wish to use the utility provided to capture "screen shots" of a cgoban game. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

command-line source browsing tool. cgvg is a pair of Perl scripts ("cg" and "vg") which are meant to assist a programmer in doing command-line source browsing. The idea is you can easily search for keywords in the code, and jump to the file and line where a match is found. Used with ctags(1), this can really help with jumping around and following code. Some features include a human-readable output, coloring, bolding (and alternate bolding), and just sheer convenience for a programmer. cgvg uses the Perl internal find and does it's own searching, rather than being a wrapper for UNIX find(1) and grep(1). There is a ~/.cgvgrc file for per-user configuration, and some nice features like coloring, and multiple log files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A method to authenticate users that avoids sending passwords over the network. It goes something like this (though the details among various programs are different). the client requests access the server sends back random data the client then encrypts/hashes the data using the password the server checks the result In this manner, the client proves it knows the correct password without ever sending it across the wire. Key point: In most cases the user is prompted for the password, which the client then stores in memory. In the use of smart cards, however, the system may give the user the challenge string, which the user then types into the smart card. The smart card then produces a response, which the user must type back into the system. In this way, the user validates that they have the smart card. Key point: Challenge-response systems are thought to be more secure because the challenge/response is different every time. This guards against replay attacks as well as making cracking more difficult. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chameleon

Application for putting pictures or color in the root window Using GTK and Imlib, Chameleon allows the use to place a picture in any format or a color chosen from a color wheel in the root window of X (the background). It also can be run from the command line w/o using the GTK interface. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

change-control

An important security practice where changes to the systems are reviewed ahead of time to validate they are appropriate, then recorded in order to "roll back" in case they introduce a fault. A common use for change-control is validating that a firewall's ruleset doesn't degrade. Change-control is also used for maintaining system patches. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Monitor (and recover from) changes to configuration files A program to monitor changes to a set of files. If files are modified one day, and the machine starts working incorrectly some days later, changetrack can provide information on which files were modified, and help locate the problem. Changetrack will also allow recovery of the files from any stage using RCS. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chaos

Replacement of Gnus with gnus-mime for SEMI. Chaos is the latest branch of normally Semi-gnus. Semi-gnus is a replacement of Gnus with gnus-mime for SEMI. It has all features of Gnus and gnus-mime, so there are no need to install Gnus to use it, and you must not use gnus-mime for SEMI. It requires SEMI package, so please get and install SEMI package before to install it. Chaos is one of Semi-gnus variants. Now, "Semi-gnus" is generic name of Gnus for SEMI. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Follow a symlink and print out its target file Chase is a small utility for tracking down the actual file that a symbolic link points to - chasing the symlink, if you will. The result of a successful run is guaranteed to be an existing file which is not a symbolic link. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chasen

a Japanese Morphological Analysis System ChaSen is a morphological analysys system. It can segment and tokenize Japanese text string, and can output with many additional informations (pronunciation, semantic information, and others). It will print the result of such an operation to the standard output, so that it can either written to a file or further processed. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chastity-list

blacklists for SquidGuard squidGuard is a free (GPL), flexible and ultra fast filter, redirector and access controller plugin for squid. It lets you define multiple access rules with different restrictions for different user groups on a squid cache. squidGuard uses squid's standard redirector interface. This package contains blacklists provided by the Chastity project. Chastity intends to make a maintained ACL-list for squid for use in public schools and other organizations. The projects is divided into a web-based adminstration tool, datastorage and client-tools. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chat

Online, realtime chatting is one of the more popular features of the Internet. There are many popular systems. Among the hacking community, services like IRC and ICQ are popular. Some popular commercial services include Yahoo messenger, AOL Instant Messenger (AIM), and Microsoft Messenger. Key point: Favorite because it provides real-time anonymous communication. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A tool for changing the desktop background image in X11 A GTK+ based program that lets you periodically change your X desktop. It has several random effects, a slideshow, and and may act as a xscreensaver hack or as a standalone screensaver. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chbg

ChBg is for changing desktop backgrounds in a given period. It can render images with 10 modes (such as tiled, centered, scaled, etc.). It uses Imlib1, Imlib2, or gdk_pixbuf for loading images, so it supports many image formats. This version uses gdk-pixbuf. ChBg has a windowed setup program, is able to load setup files, can be used as slideshow picture previewer in its own window or as adesktop background, and can be used as screensaver or as an xscreensaverhack. It has a dialog for fast previewing of pictures and very usablethumbnail previews. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Kuo Chiao 16x16 font for CHDRV Chinese console terminal This package contains the Kuo Chiao 16x16 Chinese bitmap font and the corresponding 8x16 ASCII font files (kcchin16.f00 and kctext16.f00) for the CHDRV Chinese console terminal for Linux. These fonts were part of the Kuo Chiao Chinese System generously donated to the Taiwan Academic Network (TANet). To the best of my knowledge, these fonts have since been widely distributed all over the world and are now in the public domain. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

check

A unit test framework for C Check features a simple interface for defining unit tests, putting little in the way of the developer. Tests are run in a separate address space, so Check can catch both assertion failures and code errors that cause segmentation faults or other signals. The output from unit tests can be used within source code editors and IDEs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

checkbot

a WWW link verifier Checkbot is a perl5 script which can verify links within a region of the World Wide Web. It checks all pages within an identified region, and all links within that region. After checking all links within the region, it will also check all links which point outside of the region, and then stop. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

checkmp3

identify MP3s that do not follow the MP3 format mp3_check helps to identify in explicit detail MP3s that do not correctly follow the MP3 format. It also looks for invalid frame headers, missing frames, etc., and generates useful statistics. This can be useful when building a high-quality mp3 archive... From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Checks the status of services on (remote) hosts Checkservice is a simple and fast service checking perl script. It is able to show the results in many ways: by keeping logs, showing it on the PHP status page, output that MRTG can use or warning(plugins) if something is wrong. Checkservice features grouping of hosts, very easy configuration and thorough service checking using checkplugins. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A technique for detecting if data inadvertently changes during transmission. The sender simply divides all the data up into two-character numbers, then adds all the numbers together. The receiver makes the same calculation, and checks the calculated checksum with the transmitted checksum. If they don't match, then the receiver knows the data was corrupted in transit. Key point: Checksums are not secure against intentional changes by hackers. For that, you need a cryptographic hash. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Checksum

An acronym for SUMmation CHECK. In data communications, an error-checking technique in which the number of bits in a unit of data is summed, transmitted along with the data, and checked by the receiving computer. If the sum differs, an error probably occurred in transmission and the transmission is repeated. A commonly used personal computer communications protocol called XMODEM uses the checksum technique. In some virus scanning and file integrity software checksums are calculted for every file in a directory and the results are stoed in the directory. When the program is scanningm it compares the checksum information stored in the directory with the current checksum for each scanned file. A difference in the sum may indicate that the file has been infected by a virus that doesn't leave a recognised signature. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cheesetracker

Sound Module Tracking Program (IT - Impulse Tracker Clone) This program is used to create what is called 'Sound Modules', files containing samples of, for instance, piano's and guitars, and a couple of play-patterns with notes, durations and effects. If these patterns are sequenced, a melody will play according to the notes and instruments you set in the pattern. This program is a direct clone of the MSDOS program called Impulse Tracker. It's not hard to learn, and very funny to play around with. This version is only capable of loading .IT type files (the original Impulse Tracker format). To start and find some cool pre-made tunes go to ftp://ftp.scene.org/pub/music/. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chemtool

GTK-based chemical structures drawing program Chemtool is a GTK+ based 2D chemical structure editor for X11. It supports many bond styles, most forms of text needed for chemical typesetting and splines/arcs/curved arrows. Drawings can be exported to MOL and PDB format, SVG or XFig format for further annotation, as a PiCTeX drawing, as a bitmap or as Postscript files (several of these through XFig's companion program transfig). The package also contains a helper program, cht, to calculate sum formula and (exact) molecular weight from a chemtool drawing file. Cht can either be called directly by Chemtool or on the console. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cheops

Network swiss army knife Cheops is a combination of a variety of network tools to provide system adminstrators and users with a simple interface to managing and accessing their networks. Cheops aims to do for the network what the file manager did for the filesystem. Additionally, cheops has taken on the role of a network management system, in the same category as one might put HP Openview. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A simple Scheme-to-C compiler Why CHICKEN? - R5RS support. - SRFIs 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 16, 18, 22 and 23 - Syntax-case highlevel macros - Lightweight threads based on first-class continuations - Pattern matching with Andrew Wright's match package - Record structures - A simple and straightforward module system - An object system with multiple inheritance, multimethods and a meta-object protocol - Separated compilation poses no problem and full tail-recursion and first-class continuations are suported. - Extended comment- and string-literal syntaxes - Libraries for regular expressions, string handling, Common LISP style format, UNIX system calls and extended data structures - Create interpreted or compiled shell scripts written in Scheme - Compiled C files can be easily distributed - Generates quite portable C code and compiled files generated by it (including itself) should work without any change on DOS, Windows, most UNIX-like platforms, and with minor changes on other systems. - Linkage to C modules and C library functions is straightforward. Compiled programs can easily be embedded into existing C code. - Simple. It can be used as a pedagogical tool for anybody who is interested in the workings of a compiler. - Extendable, since its code generation scheme, runtime system, and garbage collector fit neatly into a C environment. - Offers better performance than nearly all interpreter based implementations, but still provides full Scheme semantics. - Probably is the first implementation of Scheme that uses Henry Baker's [Cheney on the M.T.A] concept. Usually, you will also need to install the chicken-dev package. The source files are not included since you could easily get them with the Debian source package. If you really feel the needs to get them under /usr/share/chicken/src, then please let me know. There are many Scheme implementations available in Debian, have a look at each of them! Have fun! From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

child process

A process created by another process (the parent process). Each process may create many child processes but will have only one parent process, except for the very first process which has no parent. The first process, called init in Linux, is started by the kernel at boot time and never terminates. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The GNU CHILL compiler. This is the ITU CHILL compiler. CHILL is the "CCITT High-Level Language", where CCITT is the old name for what is now ITU, the International Telecommunications Union. It is a language in the Modula-2 family, and targets many of the same applications as Ada (especially large embedded systems). CHILL was never used much in the United States, but is still being used in Europe, Brazil, Korea, and other places. This is a dependency package providing the default GNU CHILL compiler for Debian GNU/Linux systems (version 2.95.4 for architecture i386). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

a circuit schematic capture tool and simulation environment. A circuit schematic capture tool and simulation environment. Log is a large circuit editing and simulation system. It has facilities for digital simulation (the original LOG), analog simulation (AnaLOG), network generation (LOGNTK), and plotting (LPLOT). Log is the most popular Chipmunk tool. This package contains analog, diglog and loged. For more information, please see the docs contained in log-doc package. Log needs the p-system emulation runtime libraries for Chipmunk tools to work, which are included in psys packages. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chkconfig

Chkconfig is a basic system utility. It updates and queries runlevelinformation for system services. Chkconfig manipulates the numerous symbolic links in /etc/rc*.d, to relieve system administrators of some of the drudgery of manually editing the symbolic links. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

This is a simple terminal mode program for configuring the directories in the X font server's path. It is mostly intended to be used internally by RPM when packages with fonts are added or removed, butit may be useful as a standalone utility in some instances. From Redhat 8.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chkfontpath

This is a simple terminal mode program for configuring the directories in the X font server's path. It is mostly intended to be used `internally' by RPM when packages with fonts are added or removed, butit may be useful as a stand-alone utility in some instances. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Checks for signs of rootkits on the local system chkrootkit identifies whether the target computer is infected with a rootkit. Some of the rootkits that chkrootkit identifies are: 1. lrk3, lrk4, lrk5, lrk6 (and some variants); 2. Solaris rootkit; 3. FreeBSD rootkit; 4. t0rn (including latest variant); 5. Ambient's Rootkit for Linux (ARK); 6. Ramen Worm; 7. rh[67]-shaper; 8. RSHA; 9. Romanian rootkit; 10. RK17; 11. Lion Worm; 12. Adore Worm. Please note that this is not a definitive test, it does not ensure that the target has not been cracked. In addition to running chkrootkit, one should perform more specific tests. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chktex

Finds typographic errors in LaTeX * Supports over 40 warnings. * Supports ``\input'' command; both TeX and LaTeX version. Actually includes the files. ``TEXINPUTS''-equivalent search path. * Intelligent warning/error handling. The user may promote/mute warnings to suit his preferences. You may also mute warnings in the header of a file; thus killing much unwanted garbage. * Supports both LaTeX 2.09 and LaTeX2e. * Flexible output handling. Has some predefined formats and lets the user specify his own format. Uses a ``printf()'' similar syntax. ``lacheck'' compatible mode included for interfacing with the AUC-TeX Emacs mode. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

changes the permissions for a file; permissions should include a letter designating who gets permissions (u for the user, g for the group, o for others, or a for all) followed by a + or - (to give or take away the permission) followed by the kind of permission (r for read access, w for write access, x for execute if the file is a program or script). From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Easy Boot loader with a Boot-Menu Easy to use Boot-Loader for Linux / DOS / other Operating systems. It works like lilo but offers a simple menu on boot. No strange prompt anymore! Background images and more! Includes X interface to configure the boot screen and all parameters From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A powerful and simple preprocessor CHPP is a powerful preprocessor originally designed for, but not limited to, HTML. CHPP combines features of CPP, M4, Perl and Scheme. Among the features of CHPP are - CHPP is non-intrusive, i.e. you can take already existing text and just pipe it through CHPP and it is likely it won't change. - User-defined macros, which can be recursive - Complex data structures (lists and hashes) - Powerful looping constructs - Regular expression matching - Support for CGI scripting - An interface to SQL-Servers (at the moment mSQL and MySQL). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

You are captain of the cargo ship Chromium B.S.U., responsible for delivering supplies to our troops on the front line. Your ship has a small fleet of robotic fighters which you control from the relative safety of the Chromium vessel.- Do not let ANY enemy ships get past your fighters! Each enemyship that makes it past the bottom of the screen will attackthe Chromium, and you lose a fighter.- Use your fighters as weapons! Crash into enemies to destroy thembefore they can get past you.- Strategic suicide is a powerful tactic! When the Chromium launches a new fighter, it releases a high energy burst which destroys all enemies in range.- Self-destruct to preserve your ammunition! A double-right-click will cause your current fighter to self-destruct. Before theship blows up, it ejects its ammunition so that the next fighter can pick it up. From Redhat 8.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chrony

It sets your computer's clock from time servers on the Net. It consists of a pair of programs : `chronyd'. This is a daemon which runs in background on the system. It obtains measurements (e.g. via the network) of the system's offset relative to other systems, and adjusts the system time accordingly. For isolated systems, the user can periodically enter the correct time by hand (using `chronyc'). In either case, `chronyd' determines the rate at which the computer gains or loses time, and compensates for this. `chronyc'. This is a command-line driven control and monitoring program. An administrator can use this to fine-tune various parameters within the daemon, add or delete servers etc whilst the daemon is running. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chroot

Makes the root directory (/) become something other than its default for the lifetime of the current process. It can only be run by privileged users and is used to give a process (commonly a network server such as FTP or HTTP) access to a restricted portion of the file system. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

chroot (jail)

A UNIX feature that creates a limited sandbox allowing a process to view only a single subtree of the filesystem. The jail call in BSD is a more advanced version for creating the same sort of sandbox. Point: In order for it to work properly, some common programs and libraries (e.g. /bin/sh, /usr/lib/libc.so.1, ...) need to be copied/linked to the appropriate locations in the new directory tree. Key point: A process running with root access can break out of a chrooted environment. Therefore, it should be used in conjunction with setuid. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Tool to edit the rpath in ELF binaries rpath allows you to change the rpath (where the application looks for libraries) in an application. It does not (yet) allow you to add an rpath if there isn't one already. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

GNU Simula compiler GNU Cim is a compiler for the programming language Simula (except unspecified parameters to formal or virtual procedures (see the documentation for how portable code for formal procedures can be written)). It offers a class concept, separate compilation with full type checking, interface to external C routines, an application package for process simulation and a coroutine concept. The portability of the GNU Simula Compiler is based on the C programming language. The compiler and the run-time system is written in C, and the compiler produces C code, that is passed to a C compiler for further processing towards machine code. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

In cryptography, the word cipher means an encryption algorithm. A cipher transforms the original data/message into pseudo-random data/message of the same length. In order to decipher the message, a reverse transformation must be applied. Key point: A block cipher is one that encrypts a block of data at a time. For example, DES uses a block size of 64-bits. Each input block must correspond to exactly one output block (like a codebook). A block-cipher suffers from the fact the same data repeated in a message would be encoded in the same way. Consider a block size of 8-bit encrypting English text; you could therefore figure out all the letter 'e's in the cipher text because they are the most common letter used. Therefore, block-ciphers are often used in a chaining mode such that the same pattern will indeed be decrypted differently. Key point: A stream cipher is essentially a chained block cipher with a block size of 1 (either 1-bit or 1-byte). It generates a keystream against which it XORs the plaintext, operating much like a one-time pad, though less secure in theory but more secure in practice. Example: Some popular ciphers are: DES The original widely-used computer-based encryption cipher that spawned the industry, but easily crackable today. triple DES A more secure form of DES whereby data is simply encrypted three different times. RC4 One of the most widely used ciphers today because of its prevalent use within web browsers and SSL. RC2 A cipher similar to RC4. IDEA Gained popularity because it was used as the default cipher for PGP. Blowfish Popular cipher because of its open source and non-patented status. CAST-128 Alternate cipher in PGP. Skipjack Controversal cipher designed for the Clipper chip, a government program to encourage key recovery for law enforcement. GOST 28147 Russian standard with 256-bit key. AES The new American standard for replacing DES. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

creation and display of circle packings CirclePack is a C program for the creation, display, manipulation, and storage of circle packings using the X Window System. Computations may be done in either hyperbolic, Euclidean, or spherical geometry, though the routines for the latter are not yet complete. For the theory behind the package, one must consult the research literature. One of the author's primary interests concerns the parallels between the developing theory of circle packings and the classical theory of analytic functions. Home page: http://www.math.utk.edu/~kens/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

circuslinux

The clowns are trying to pop balloons to score points! "Circus Linux!" is based on the Atari 2600 game "Circus Atari" by Atari, released in 1980. Gameplay is similar to "Breakout" and "Arkanoid" - you slide a device left and right to bounce objects into the air which destroy a wall. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

sfv checker and generator SFV, Simple File Verification, uses crc32 checksums to verify that files are intact. cksfv automates the task of generating and checking .sfv sheets. For integrity, md5 checksums are probably a better alternative, but sfv is a widely used method for verification on the USENET binary newsgroups and other places. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Core runtime libraries for the ClanLib game SDK ClanLib delivers a platform independent interface to write games with. If a game is written with ClanLib, it should be possible to compile the game under any platform (supported by ClanLib, that is) without changing the application source code. But ClanLib is not just a wrapper library, providing an common interface to low-level libraries such as DirectFB, DirectX, OpenGL, X11, etc. While platform independence is ClanLib's primary goal, it also tries to be a service-minded game sdk. In other words, we have put great effort in to designing the API, to ensure ClanLib's easy of use - while maintaining it's power. This package provides the core clanlib libraries (layer1, layer2, etc). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

clara

Free OCR program for Unix Systems Clara OCR is a free (GPL) OCR for systems that support the C library and the X window system (e.g. most flavours of Unix). Clara OCR is intended for large scale digitalization projects. It features a powerful GUI and a web interface for cooperative digitalization of books. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

ClarkConnect

ClarkConnect is a Red Hat based distribution which can can transform standard PC hardware into a dedicated broadband gateway and easy-to-use server. The software is a great solution for small businesses, home offices, and networked homes. ClarkConnect version 1.1 was released July 31, 2002. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

/klas'ik C/ n. [a play on `Coke Classic'] The C programming language as defined in the first edition of K&R, with some small additions. It is also known as `K&R C'. The name came into use while C was being standardized by the ANSI X3J11 committee. Also `C Classic'. An analogous construction is sometimes applied elsewhere: thus, `X Classic', where X = Star Trek (referring to the original TV series) or X = PC (referring to IBM's ISA-bus machines as opposed to the PS/2 series). This construction is especially used of product series in which the newer versions are considered serious losers relative to the older ones. From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

clc-intercal

Compiler for the INTERCAL language This package provides a Perl-based compiler for the INTERCAL programming language, usable either from the command line or as a Perl module. CLC-INTERCAL is designed to be almost compatible with the original (Princeton 1972) compiler. It also implements several extensions to the original language, including support for object orientation, operator overloading and quantum computing. The non-binary base extensions supported by the C-INTERCAL compiler are not yet implemented. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Wrap any command-line driven tool with readline This handy tool lets you use history and line-editing in any text oriented tool. This is especially usefully with third-party commercial tools that cannot be modified to use readline themselves. It's not perfect but it works pretty well. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

In cryptography, the term clear-text describes messages that have not been encrypted. The word has the connotation of data that should be encrypted, but isn't (such as clear-text passwords). Misunderstanding: The word text comes from traditional cryptography that meant the text of messages, though these days text can refer to binary computer data as well. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A full-screen or windowed text-mode session where the user executes programs by typing in commands with or without parameters. The CLI displays output text from the operating system or program and provides a command prompt for user input. From I-gloss
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

CLI (command line interface)

A means of communication between a program and its user, based solely on textual input and output. Commands are input with the help of a keyboard or similar device and are interpreted and executed by the program. Results are output as text or graphics to the terminal. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

MandrakeSoft, Bull and INPG/INRIA, a Grenoble Research Group created CLIC, a Linux Clustering Distribution. The first CLIC version, released October 30, 2002, features rapid deployment, auto-configuration, MPICH, LAM and PVM support, a large number of mathematical libraries, and Netjuggler (a parallelized virtual reality 3D engine). A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A software program that is used to contact and obtain data from a Server software program on another computer, often across a great distance. EachClient program is designed to work with one or more specific kinds of Server programs, and each Server requires a specific kind of Client. A Web Browser is a specific kind of Client. From Matisse
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A common form of distributed system in which software is split between server tasks and client tasks. A client sends requests to a server, according to some protocol, asking for information or action, and the server responds. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

clif

C language interpreter Clif, a C-like Interpreter Framework, is and open-ended system for fast development of programs with C syntax. The program is compiled and if syntactically correct, code is immediately generated. The code is generated for a virtual machine. The virtual machine is a part of the framework. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

clig

Command Line Interpreter Generator Based on a simple specification file clig generates C-code for a function Cmdline *parseCmdline(int argc, char **argv) which parses the command-line of a typical C-program and returns the result in a structure of type Cmdline. Besides parseCmdline(), the function void usage(void) is generated and will be called by the command-line parser if the command line contains obvious errors. One of the main reasons to use clig is the automatic generation of a usage()-function which is always up-to- date with respect to the options actually understood by the program. Additionally, clig creates a manual page. For more information, see http://wsd.iitb.fhg.de/~kir/clighome/. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

"C" Language Integrated Production System CLIPS 6.0 is an OPS-like forward chaining production system written in ANSI C by NASA. The CLIPS inference engine includes truth maintenance, dynamic rule addition, and customizable conflict resolution strategies. CLIPS, including the runtime version, is easily embeddable in other applications. CLIPS includes an object-oriented language called COOL (CLIPS Object-Oriented Language) which is directly integrated with the inference engine. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

clisp

GNU CLISP, a Common Lisp implementation Common Lisp is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. GNU CLISP is a Common Lisp implementation by Bruno Haible of Karlsruhe University and Michael Stoll of Munich University, both in Germany. It mostly supports the Lisp described in the ANSI Common Lisp standard. It runs on microcomputers (OS/2, Windows NT/2000, Windows 95/98, Amiga 500-4000, Acorn RISC PC) as well as on Unix workstations (Linux, SVR4, Sun4, DEC Alpha OSF, HP-UX, BeOS, NeXTstep, SGI, AIX, Sun3 and others) and needs only 2 MB of RAM. The user interface comes in German, English, French, Spanish and Dutch. GNU CLISP includes an interpreter, a compiler, a large subset of CLOS, a foreign language interface and a socket interface. An X11 interface is available through CLX and Garnet. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Lisp package for clue/clio/pictures: X interfaces for lisp Clue is to lisp what xlib is to C. It's basic, but close to the metal. Clio is to Lisp what Xt is to C. It uses CLOS to give an OO interface to X. Pictures is an imaging-system for clue. It lets people use constraints and such to draw pictures. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

From Pachyderm Software, ClumpOS is a CD-based Linux/MOSIX mini-distribution designed to allow you to quickly, or temporarily, add nodes to a MOSIX cluster. By default ClumpOS will attempt to configure the system for correct MOSIX operation, but an 'Expert' mode allows users to manually configure network and MOSIX settings. Version R5.0 was released February 12, 2002, with Linux kernel 2.4.17 and MOSIX 1.5.7 for 2.4.17. Version R7.0 was released September 18, 2002. Support for ClumpOS was discontinued as of January 31, 2003. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A cross-platform, open-source make system. CMake is used to control the software compilation process using simple platform and compiler independent configuration files. CMake generates native makefiles and workspaces that can be used in the compiler environment of your choice. CMake is quite sophisticated: it is possible to support complex environments requiring system configuration, pre-processor generation, code generation, and template instantiation. CMake was developed by Kitware as part of the NLM Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit project. The ASCI VIEWS project also provided support in the context of their parallel computation environment. Other sponsors include the Insight, VTK, and VXL open source software communities. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A program specializer for C A program specializer or, as it is also called, a "partial evaluator" takes the source code for a program or a routine and (commonly) some of its input, and tries to produce faster but equivalent code, utilizing the fact that some of the variables will have known values so that some of the program's actions can be precomputed. This allows one to combine the maintainability of a generic parameterized source code with the speed of programs optimized for specific problem instances. C-Mix is a program specializer that works on portable C code. You will need a C compiler for compiling intermediate programs. For advanced use you may also want a WWW browser for browsing the analysis results. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

When the system is powered off, some persistent BIOS settings are stored in a small bit of battery sustained RAM built using CMOS technology. The name "CMOS settings" have become synonymous with "BIOS settings". Some viruses have been known to corrupt these settings, resulting in a condition where the machine can no longer boot. Simply setting a jumper to disconnect the battery backup will restore the settings back to factory defaults. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor)

An energy-saving chip made to duplicate the functions of other chips, such as momry chips or microprocessors. CMOS chips are used in battery-powered portable computers and in other applications where reduced electrical consumption is desired. CMOS also refers to a special CMOS chip that operates the real time clock included on a motherboard and stores the basic system configuration, including floppy and hard disk types, amount of installed momery, and wat state settings. These settings are retained while the computer is off with only nominal battery support. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

rpc.cmsd Provides an online calender were different people can view each other's schedules. The very existence of this application scares some security profesionals because it reveals too much information about individuals In 1998, a buffer-overflow in CMSD was one of the most popular exploits on the Internet. dtspcd DeskTop SubProces Control Daemon A service whereby a CDE process can easily launch another process on another computer. In November 2001, a remote exploit was discovered that affects all major UNIX vendors. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cmt

Computer Music Toolkit (cmt) a collection of LADSPA plugins cmt -- Computer Music Toolkit -- is a collection of LADSPA compatible plugins that any conforming program may take advantage of. Plugins available are: low/high pass filters, echo/feedback delay filters with configurable delays from 0.01 to 60 seconds, amplifies, white noise generators, compresspors, expanders, limiters, b/fmh encoders, drum synthesizers and many more These plugins are only usable in host applications, of which glame, sweep and others can be found in Debian. For further information on cmt see <URL: http://www.ladspa.org/cmt/> From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The CMUCL lisp compiler and development system. This is the basis package for CMUCL. It contains the base image with the compiler, PCL (CLOS), and the tty based debugger. It also contains cmuclconfig to configure in additional libraries. NOTE: you also need to select one of the cores that this package suggests! From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Simple News Server for Usenet news. C News is a light weight news server suitable for small feeds. C News is very useful for keeping some Usenet groups on a local system and minimizing the time you need to stay connected to the internet. The nntp package is needed for NNTP support. You need the non-free ncompress package only if you want to exchange news batches with sites where uncompress isn't gunzip. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Most often used to refer to having a server that belongs to one person or group physically located on an Internet-connected network that belongs to another person or group. Usually this is done because the server owner wants their machine to be on a high-speed Internet connection and/or they do not want the security risks of having the server on thier own network. From Matisse
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Co-operative multitasking

In an operating system, a means of running more than one program at a time. In cooperative multitasking, one application program cannot force another to do something. An application yields to another voluntarily, but only after checking the electronic equivalent of a message box to see if any other applications have made a request. If the applicatio nis involved in a lengthy operation, howeber, it may not check the message box until the opeation is completed. See pre-emptive multitasking. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

/koh'bol/ n. [COmmon Business-Oriented Language] (Synonymous with evil.) A weak, verbose, and flabby language used by card wallopers to do boring mindless things on dinosaur mainframes. Hackers believe that all COBOL programmers are suits or code grinders, and no self-respecting hacker will ever admit to having learned the language. Its very name is seldom uttered without ritual expressions of disgust or horror. One popular one is Edsger W. Dijkstra's famous observation that "The use of COBOL cripples the mind; its teaching should, therefore, be regarded as a criminal offense." (from "Selected Writings on Computing: A Personal Perspective") See also fear and loathing, software rot. From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A XML/XSL publishing framework servlet Cocoon is a 100% pure Java XML/XSL publishing framework servlet that allows complete separation of content, logic and style. It currently works with tomcat but with some manual changes it should work with jserv too. More information can be found at http://java.apache.org/cocoon. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

This word has a number of uses. It may describe the "code" used to program computers. It may describe the "codes" used in encryption. It may be a number, such as an area-code or ICMP code. source code Describes the code that a programmer writes. It is compiled into binary object-code . See open-source. object code The output from compiling source-code. area code ICMP code. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

code2html

Syntax highlighter. Code2html is a perl script which converts a program source code to syntax highlighted HTML, or any other target for which rules are defined. It may be used as a simple console program, converting a single source code file to a single output file, it can patch HTML files including special command sequences to insert syntax highlighted snippets of code, or it can be used as a CGI script. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

codebook

In ancient times, a codebook was a book where you looked up a word, and replaced with another word according to the substitution table in the book. For example, you may look up the words "attack at dawn" in the book and come up with the words mouse dog cat that you send to your troops. The troops receiving the message would likewise look up these words in their codebooks in order to figure out the original message. Key point: In block-ciphers, the key represents a codebook. In other words, you could use the key to generate a huge book of matching pairs whereby each plaintext block would match to exactly one ciphertext block. Then, you could encrypt messages by looking them up in this table. See also: ECB From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

codebreaker

A Master Mind clone using GTK Code Breaker is a variation on the game "MasterMind" (R) that is put out by Pressman (R). So if you know how to play "MasterMind" (R) you should catch onto this game right away. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

In multimedia, a program that comresses audio, video, or graphics files for efficient storag or transmission, and decompresses them for playback purposes. Codec is an abbreviatoin for compressional decompression. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Codec (COder/DECoder)

Device used to convert analog signals to digital signals for transmission and reconvert signals upon reception at the remote site while allowing for the signal to be compressed for less expensive transmission. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A tool for syncing PalmOS PDAs with Unix workstations Coldsync is a tool for syncing PalmOS PDAs with a Unix workstation with a focus on consistancy of data. It also has an API which allows conduits to be written in Perl, among other languages. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

CollegeLinux is made available by Robert Kennedy College, Del.Aimont, Suisse to both RKC and non RKC students. CollegeLinux is a new, stand-alone operating system based on Slackware. The aim of this experimental Linux distribution is to provide to students with an operating system which is easy to install and use and which provides an alternative to the traditional commercial operating systems. Entry added March 4, 2003. College Linux 2.3 (Darth Vader) was released May 9, 2003. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

colorgcc

Colorizer for GCC warning/error messages A Perl wrapper to colorize the output of compilers with warning / error messages matching the gcc output format. More information can be found at the colorgcc web site http://home.i1.net/~jamoyers/software/. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

colorize

A robust log colorizer in Perl. This is a short (no, it's not short anymore :) perl script to colorize your logs. You can even use syslog-ng to redirect all logs to the script and colorize them on the fly! From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

colormake

a simple wrapper around make to colorize output This package contains colormake.pl which parses the output of make to colorize it to make it easier read. In addition, there are two wrapper scripts included, cmake and clmake, which can be invoked instead of make with colorized output on-the-fly. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

colrconv

Convers client with curses color support Colrconv is a modified version of VA3DP's ttylink client. In addition to the basic split screen session it gives you color and sound support plus some line editing capabilities, a scroll buffer and a status line. Also the default port is changed to 3600 (convers). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Comedi kernel module source Comedi (Control and Measurement Device Interface) is a collection of device drivers for data acquisition devices. This includes most devices that have analog-to-digital (A/D) converters, digital-to-analog (D/A) converters, raw digital I/O, digital counters, and timers. Well-known manufacturers include National Instruments, Data Translation, and Measurement Computing. A list of supported devices can be found in /usr/share/doc/comedi-source/. These drivers are not included in the Linux kernel source, so if you want to use these devices with Debian, you should install this package and compile the modules. The packages libcomedi0 and libcomedi-dev contain documentation about Comedi and Comedilib. This package provides the source code for Comedi. The kernel source is required to compile these modules. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A user-initiated signal given to a progam that initiates, terminates, or otherwise controls the execution of a specific operation. In command-driven programs, you type the command statement and its associated syntax and press Enter, In a menu=driven program, you choose a command from an on-screen menu. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The DOS/Windows and OS/2 term for the part of the command line interface where the user types commands. (Also, see Shell Prompt.) From I-gloss This term can also be used in a Linux/UNIX context to describe the '#' or '$' symbol which signifies that the system is ready to accept some input. From Binh
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

One of the two fundamental user interfaces. Whereas most people are familiar with "graphical user interfaces (GUIs)" using windows and mice, the command-line provides a raw interface into the inner workings of the computer. Key point: The average hacker does all his/her work from the command-line. Virtually all hacker tools are command-line oriented. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Commands

You tell the computer what to do with single words typed into the computer one at a time. Modern computers appear to have done away with the typing of commands by having beautiful graphical displays that work with a mouse, but, fundamentally, all that is happening is that commands are being secretly typed in for you. Using commands is still the only way to have complete power over the computer. You don't really know anything about a computer until you come to grips with the commands it uses. Using a computer will very much involve typing in a word, pressing , and then waiting for the computer screen to spit something back at you. Most commands are typed in to do something useful to a file. From Rute-Users-Guide
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Compress/decompress images for mailheaders, user tools Converts 48x48 .xbm format (X bitmap) files to a compressed format that can be placed in your X-Face: mail header. Some mailreaders, like exmh will then display this image when the user is reading your mail. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A language that requires a compiler program to turn programming source code into an executable machine-language binary program. After compiling once, the program can continue to be run from its binary form without compiling again. Compiled languages/programs tend to be faster than interpreted or p-code languages, but require compilers (which can be expensive), and are often more difficult to program in than interpreted and p-code languages. Examples of compiled languages are C and C++, COBOL, and FORTRAN. From I-gloss
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A program that reads the statements written in a human-readable programming language, such as Pacal or Modula-2, and translates the statements into a machine-readable executable program. Compiled programs run significantly faster than interpreted ones because the program interacts directly with the microprocessor and doesn't need to share memory space with the interpreter. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

compiler

In programming, a compiler takes human readable source code and converts it into the binary code that the computer can understand. Key point: A compiler is a form of lossy compression and one-way encryption. All the information meaningful to humans is removed from the code leaving only the information necessary for the computer. This means that humans can no longer easily read the resulting program directly. Because of the "one-way" nature of the operation, programs cannot be used to recover the existing source code. This effect is different in various languages. C++ is the worst language in terms of decompilation; Java is the best. Most Java applets can be decompiled back to some semblance of their previous form. This has led to a market for programs that further obfuscate Java binaries in an effort to hide the original source code. Some compilers do leave human-readable symbols behind for debugging purposes. They won't reveal the original source, but can still be useful for reverse engineering They can be "stripped" from the binary. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

compilercache

a caching wrapper around compilers to speed up compilations Compilercache is a wrapper around your C and C++ compilers. Each time you compile something, the wrapper puts the result of the compilation into a cache. And once you compile the same thing again, the result will be picked from the cache instead of being recompiled. Care is taken to ensure that compilation with and without compilercache always results in identical object files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Compledge Sentinel

Compledge Sentinel is a Linux distribution designed for monitoring, auditing and intrusion detection. - a complete solution to solve as many monitoring needs and aspects as possible. A wide variety of open source software is included: Nagios, Nagat, Nessus, Snort, ACID, openMosix, Apache /w OpenSSL, PHP and MySQL. The whole package is distributed on one CD, ready to install on any x86-based computer. Version RC2.1 was released May 22, 2003. A 'special purpose/mini' distribution. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A UNIX compression utility that creates files with the *.Z extensin. A copyrighted program, compress cannot be freely redistributed, so many UNIX users prefer to use the Open Software Foundation's gunzip, which creates compressed files with the *.gz extension. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Compress

To make a file smaller by applying a compression algorithm, usually for the purpose of conserving space or speeding up file transfers. This can also refer to the Unix command to compress a file which appends '.Z' to the filename, or to the free GNU enhanced version, gzip. From KADOWKEV
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Since encrypted data is essentially random, you cannot compress it. This defeats networking standards designed to automatically encrypt traffic (such as dial-up modems). Therefore, data must be compressed before it is encrypted. For this reason, compression is becoming an automatic feature to most encryption products. The most often used compression standard is gzip and its compression library zlib. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The reduction of a file's size by means of a compression program. The two types of compression are loassless compression and lossy compression. In lossless compression, the compression process allows for subsequent decompression of the data with no loss of the original data. Lossless compression is used for program and dat files. Lossy compression, in which the compression processes remove some of the data in a way that is not obvious to a person using te data. Lossy compression is used for sounds, graphics, animations, and videos. Many modems offer on-the-fly compression, and often use the MNP5 or V.42bis protocols. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

compression methods

There are two types: With lossless compression none of the original information is lost. Generally such compression can reduce the file size by about 50%. A popular lossless compression for graphics files is .tga (Targa) or for data .gz and .zip. The other compression method is lossy compression where some of the original information is lost. Lossy compression methods can reduce the file size often by 300% but are unsuitable in many situations. They are particularly useful for the compression of graphic files with JPEG compression being the most popular, especially as they help to reduce bandwidth. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

InfraGuard is an alliance between the FBI and the private sector designed to protect the information infrastructure (i.e. the Internet). InfraGuard provides formal and informal channels for exchanging information (between government and the private sector) about Internet threats and vulnerabilities. InfraGuard is organized into local area chapters throughout the United States, where local private organizations get in touch with the oppropriate FBI field office. Contrast: Information is gathered from InfraGuard chapters and funneled up to the NIPC, which analyzes and cleanses the data, and distributes it back out to its members. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

To link together two or more units of information, such as strings or files, so that they form one unit. In spreadsheet programs, concatenation is used to combine text in a formula by placing an ampersand between the formula and text. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Based in Brazil, Conectiva is well-known in South America and has excellent Portuguese and Spanish support. Conectiva is the Latin and South American arm of UnitedLinux. The most current versions (as of April 2003) seem to be Conectiva Linux 9 and Conectiva Linux Enterprise Edition - Powered by UnitedLinux v1.0. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

configlet-frontends

Alternate debconf configuration interface - frontends A "configlet" is a small Python/GNOME/Glade applet designed to load into a frontend application for the purpose of presenting an alternate interface to the standard debconf questions for one or more packages. This package provides a GNOME Druid frontend for the configlets, as well as a capplet interface that plugs configlets into the GNOME Control Center. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Configuration

The choices made in setting up a computer system or an application program so that it meets the user's needs. Properly configuring your system is one of the more onerous tasks of personal computing and is mostly performed via manual alteration of system files in the /etc directory or 'dotfiles' in a user's home directory. Wizards such as the linuxconf and webmin can make such a task much easier. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

a real-time, curses based, multi-player space warfare game Conquest is a predecessor of netrek. The object of the game is twofold. The short-range goal is to accumulate "kills" by shooting down enemy players. You get one kill point for each enemy ship shot down, plus some extra if the enemy had kills too. The major weapon used to shoot down ships is the photon torpedo. The long-range goal is to conquer the universe for your team by taking every planet. You take planets by killing off the enemy's armies via bombardment, and then beaming your team's armies down. When all the planets have been taken, the game ends, a new game begins, and the player who actually took the last planet gets his/her name up in lights. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cons

A Perl replacement for Make Excerpted from the README file: Cons is a system for constructing, primarily, software, but is quite different from previous software construction systems. Cons was designed from the ground up to deal easily with the construction of software spread over multiple source directories. Cons makes it easy to create build scripts that are simple, understandable and maintainable. Cons ensures that complex software is easily and accurately reproducible. Cons uses a number of techniques to accomplish all of this. Construction scripts are just Perl scripts, making them both easy to comprehend and very flexible. Global scoping of variables is replaced with an import/export mechanism for sharing information between scripts, significantly improving the readability and maintainability of each script. Construction environments are introduced: these are Perl objects that capture the information required for controlling the build process. Multiple environments are used when different semantics are required for generating products in the build tree. Cons implements automatic dependency analysis and uses this to globally sequence the entire build. Variant builds are easily produced from a single source tree. Intelligent build subsetting is possible, when working on localized changes. Overrides can be setup to easily override build instructions without modifying any scripts. MD5 cryptographic signatures are associated with derived files, and are used to accurately determine whether a given file needs to be rebuilt. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Keeps a less syslog running on tty9 console-log keeps your syslog and your exim mainlog running in a less process on tty9/tty8. It also makes sure that this console is visible automatically after system boot so that a crashed system at least leaves the syslog readable on the console before reset. Using less makes searching, tagging and highlighting possible. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

console-tools

Linux console and font utilities. This package allows you to set-up and manipulate the Linux console (ie. screen and keyboard), and manipulate console-font files. `console-tools' was developed from version 0.94 of the standard `kbd' package, and integrates many fixes and enhancements, including new kbd features up to 0.99. You will probably want to install a set of data files, such as the one in the `console-data' package. For command-line compatibility with kbd, you may want to install the kbd-compat package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

vi. 1. "Stop whatever you are doing." From the interrupt character used on many operating systems to abort a running program. Considered silly. 2. interj. Among BSD Unix hackers, the canonical humorous response to "Give me a break!" From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

control-center

GNOME (the GNU Network Object Model Environment) is an attractive and easy-to-use graphical desktop environment. The control-center package provides the GNOME Control Center utilities, which allow you to setupand configure your system's GNOME environment (such as the desktop background and theme, the screensaver, the window manager, system sounds, and mouse behavior). If you install GNOME, you need to install control-center. From Redhat 8.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

control-O

vi. "Stop talking." From the character used on some operating systems to abort output but allow the program to keep on running. Generally means that you are not interested in hearing anything more from that person, at least on that topic; a standard response to someone who is flaming. Considered silly. Compare control-S. From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

vi. "Stop talking for a second." From the ASCII DC3 or XOFF character (the pronunciation /X-of/ is therefore also used). Control-S differs from control-O in that the person is asked to stop talking (perhaps because you are on the phone) but will be allowed to continue when you're ready to listen to him -- as opposed to control-O, which has more of the meaning of "Shut up." Considered silly. From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Powerful make replacement Cook is a very powerful and very easy to use replacement for make. Through the use of Cook's powerful description language, and it's many built in functions, sophisticated build can be easily accomplished. Cook supports file fingerprints to speed build times, and also supports parallel builds over a network without requiring contorted build rules. See cook-doc for documentation and cook-rsh for remote execution scripts From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

n. [Unix, by opposition from raw mode] The normal character-input mode, with interrupts enabled and with erase, kill and other special-character interpretations performed directly by the tty driver. Oppose raw mode, rare mode. This term is techspeak under Unix but jargon elsewhere; other operating systems often have similar mode distinctions, and the raw/rare/cooked way of describing them has spread widely along with the C language and other Unix exports. Most generally, `cooked mode' may refer to any mode of a system that does extensive preprocessing before presenting data to a program. From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Cookie

The most common meaning of "Cookie" on the Internet refers to a piece of information sent by a Web Server to a Web Browser that the Browser software is expected to save and to send back to the Server whenever the browser makes additional requests from the Server. Depending on the type of Cookie used, and the Browsers' settings, the Browser may accept or not accept the Cookie, and may save the Cookie for either a short time or a long time. Cookies might contain information such as login or registration information, online "shopping cart" information, user preferences, etc. When a Server receives a request from a Browser that includes a Cookie, the Server is able to use the information stored in the Cookie. For example, the Server might customize what is sent back to the user, or keep a log of particular users' requests. Cookies are usually set to expire after a predetermined amount of time and are usually saved in memory until the Browser software is closed down, at which time they may be saved to disk if their "expire time" has not been reached. Cookies do not read your hard drive and send your life story to the CIA, but they can be used to gather more information about a user than would be possible without them. From Matisse
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cookietool

A team of programs to help you maintain your cookie database The ''cookietool'' itself eliminates duplicate entries, sorts cookies alphabetically or by size if you wish. The ''cdbsplit'' extracts parts of the database to a separate file, by keyword, by size, by number, or as groups of 'similar' cookies. The ''cdbdiff'' compares two cookie databases. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Cool Linux CD is a bootable CD that contains a live Linux distribution based on Red Hat 7.3. It also includes the XFS filesystem, devfs, IceWM, QVWM, ROX-filer, OpenOffice.org, Opera, Mozilla, Sylpheed, Pan, Licq, X-chat, GFTP, ppp-redialer, xmms, xine, mplayer, gqview, LinNeighborhood, IPTraffic, VMWare, and more. Initial version 1.30 was released August 13, 2002. Version 2.01 was released November 24, 2002. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cooledit

A portable, fast X Window text editor with beautiful 3D widgets. It requires only the X11 library to run. The engine is the same as that used for the internal editor of the Midnight Commander and hence cooledit represents a X Window version of that editor. The library that comes with Cooledit is now standalone. You can use it to write your own Cool applications. Check out the included programs Coolman and Smalledit. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

coolicon

Displays pixmap (.XPM) files as icons on the desktop. Each icon presents a menu (right-click) from where the user can perform various operations. Each icon has two user configurable scripts which are executed on receiving a drop event or on running the icon with a double-click. The icons scripts' as well as other properties can be modified through a dialog box accessible through each icon's menu. The scripts can directly manipulate a received drop event making it easy to program Trash Cans, Printer icons and so on. Several useful example icons are given. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

coolmail

Mail notifier with 3d graphics Coolmail is like xbiff -- it watches your inbox mail file and lets you know when you have mail. But unlike xbiff, it can launch your favorite mail utility when you click on it, and it has cool animated 3D graphics. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

/kop'ee-left/ n. [play on `copyright'] 1. The copyright notice (`General Public License') carried by GNU EMACS and other Free Software Foundation software, granting reuse and reproduction rights to all comers (but see also General Public Virus). 2. By extension, any copyright notice intended to achieve similar aims. From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

a proof assistant for higher-order logic. Coq is a proof assistant for higher-order logic, which allows the development of computer programs consistent with their formal specification. It is developed using Objective Caml and Camlp4. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A core file is created when a program terminates unexpectedly, due to a bug, or a violation of the operating systems or hardwares protection mechanisms. The operating system kills the program and creates a core file that programmers can use to figure out what went wrong. It contains a detailed description of the state that the program was in when it died. If would like to determine what program a core file came from, use the file command, like this: $ file core That will tell you the name of the program that produced the core dump. You may want to write the maintainer(s) of the program, telling them that their program dumped core. To Enable or Disable Core Dumps you must use the ulimit command in bash, the limit command in tcsh, or the rlimit command in ksh. See the appropriate manual page for details. This setting affects all programs run from the shell (directly or indirectly), not the whole system. If you wish to enable or disable core dumping for all processes by default, you can change the default setting in /usr/include/linux/sched.h. Refer to definition of INIT_TASK, and look also in /usr/include/linux/resource.h. PAM support optimizes the system's environment, including the amount of memory a user is allowed. In some distributions this parameter is configurable in the /etc/security/limits.conf file. From Linux Administrator's Security Guide.
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

core

n. Main storage or RAM. Dates from the days of ferrite-core memory; now archaic as techspeak most places outside IBM, but also still used in the Unix community and by old-time hackers or those who would sound like them. Some derived idioms are quite current; `in core', for example, means `in memory' (as opposed to `on disk'), and both core dump and the `core image' or `core file' produced by one are terms in favor. Some varieties of Commonwealth hackish prefer store. From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

In mainframe computing, a debugging technique that involved printing out the entire contents of the computer's core, or memory. In slang, the term refers to a person who, when asked a simple question, recites everything he or she remembers about a subject. From QUECID
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

core dump

n. [common Iron Age jargon, preserved by Unix] 1. [techspeak] A copy of the contents of core, produced when a process is aborted by certain kinds of internal error. 2. By extension, used for humans passing out, vomiting, or registering extreme shock. "He dumped core. All over the floor. What a mess." "He heard about X and dumped core." 3. Occasionally used for a human rambling on pointlessly at great length; esp. in apology: "Sorry, I dumped core on you". 4. A recapitulation of knowledge (compare bits, sense 1). Hence, spewing all one knows about a topic (syn. brain dump), esp. in a lecture or answer to an exam question. "Short, concise answers are better than core dumps" (from the instructions to an exam at Columbia). See core. From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The classic corewars game with gtk-look. Corewars is a game which simulates a virtual machine with a number of programs. Each program tries to crash the others. The program that lasts the longest time wins. A number of sample programs are provided and new programs can be written by the player. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

coriander

control IEEE1394 digital camera Coriander is a GUI that lets you control all the features of an IEEE-1394 Digital Camera complying with the DC Specifications v1.04 or later (see http://www.1394ta.org). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

corkscrew

Tunnel TCP connections through HTTP proxies corkscrew is a simple tool to tunnel TCP connections through an HTTP proxy supporting the CONNECT method. It reads stdin and writes to stdout during the connection, just like netcat. It can be used for instance to connect to an SSH server running on a remote 443 port through a strict HTTPS proxy. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

General-purpose SGML/XML post-processing tool. Cost is a structure-controlled SGML/XML application programming tool. It is implemented as a Tcl extension, and works in conjunction with James Clark's nsgmls, sgmls, and/or expat parsers. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

ISO 3166 country code finder This ISO 3166 country code finder is mainly used to find out to which country a domain name belongs. It allows searching by 2- or 3-letter codes, country number, or country name. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

courier

Courier Mail Server Base System The Courier mail transfer agent (MTA) is an integrated mail/groupware server based on open commodity protocols, such as ESMTP, IMAP, POP3, LDAP, SSL, and HTTP. Courier provides ESMTP, IMAP, POP3, webmail, and mailing list services within a single, consistent, framework. This package provides the functionality needed by all Debian courier packages like some configuration files, helper programs and the Courier TCP server daemon. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

An important developer of the Linux kernel including developing Linux networking, SMP. Other projects he has worked on include Linux/SGI, Linux/Mac68K, Linux/8086 ports, TV card drivers and Linux sound. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Coyote Linux

Coyote Linux v1.x (Floppy Release) is designed to run entirely from a floppy and does not require a hard drive or CDROM to be present in the system that it runs on. Creation of a Coyote Linux floppy can be done with either a Linux shell script or a Windows Wizard, both of which are available from the Coyote Linux download sites. Coyote Linux 1.32 was released January 6, 2003. Development version 2.0.0-pre5 was released June 18, 2003. Another project, the Fury IP Load Balancer, has been spun off the ECL base. Wolverine Alpha 1, a firewall and VPN product based on Embedded Coyote, was released January 15, 2002. Wolverine 1.0.283 was released November 12, 2002. A floppy-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Debian Chinese Panel Debian Chinese Panel is a part of Debian Chinese Project. It aims to provide a user friendly interface for users to use Chinese in Debian GNU/Linux. Debian Chinese Panel is a program which can allow users to use/config Chinese software more easily. Another aim is that, users who want to use Chinese simply just install this package. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cpbk

a mirroring utility for backing up your files Backup Copy is basically a smart copy program that allows a user to copy mass files from one place to another. When coping over a previous copy, the key features will allow coping only of new or non existing files in the backup. This results in saving time and less load on the drive. Built into the same feature of copying new files only, is a file removal procedure. If a file is removed from the source path, the same file will be removed when the next backup is performed. This provides a backup that is exactly the same as the source without filling up the drive. As an added option, all files that will be overwritten or deleted when doing a copy over a previous backup, have the opportunity to be stored in a trash bin. You can leave this trash bin to grow and grow just in case you need a backup of your backup. When you start running out of disk space you will need to remove or clean up the trash bin. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

GNU cpio -- a program to manage archives of files. GNU cpio is a tool for creating and extracting archives, or copying files from one place to another. It handles a number of cpio formats as well as reading and writing tar files. This package also includes rmt, the remote tape server, and GNU mt, a tape drive control program. The mt program is essential for magnetic tape drive users. Debian's version of GNU mt supports SCSI tape drives. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cpio

GNU cpio copies files into or out of a cpio or tar archive. Archives are files which contain a collection of other files plus information about them, such as their file name, owner, timestamps, and access permissions. The archive can be another file on the disk, a magnetic tape, or a pipe. GNU cpio supports the following archive formats: binary,old ASCII, new ASCII, crc, HPUX binary, HPUX old ASCII, old tar and POSIX.1tar. By default, cpio creates binary format archives, so that they are compatible with older cpio programs. When it is extracting files from archives, cpio automatically recognizes which kind of archive it is readingand can read archives created on machines with a different byte-order. Install cpio if you need a program to manage file archives. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A front-end for various audio players cplay provides a user-friendly interface to play various types of sound files. It offers a simple file list with which you can navigate around looking for audio files and a playlist to which you can add the files you want to play. cplay can play the songs in your playlist in repeat or random mode, and offers the option to store the playlist. Currently, the following audio formats are supported: MP3 (through madplay, mpg321 or splay), Ogg Vorbis (through ogg123), MOD and other module formats (through mikmod). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Tools to access CP/M file systems This package allows to access CP/M file systems similar to the well-known mtools package, which accesses MSDOS file systems. All CP/M file system features are supported. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Cpp is the GNU C-Compatible Compiler Preprocessor. Cpp is a macroprocessor which is used automatically by the C compiler to transformyour program before actual compilation. It is called a macro processor because it allows you to define macros (abbreviations for longerconstructs). The C preprocessor provides four separate functionalities: the inclusion of header files (files of declarations that can besubstituted into your program); macro expansion (you can define macros and the C preprocessor will replace the macros with their definitions throughout the program); conditional compilation (using specialpreprocessing directives, you can include or exclude parts of the program according to various conditions); and line control (if you use a program to combine or rearrange source files into an intermediate file which is then compiled, you can use line control to inform the compiler about where each source line originated). From Redhat 8.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cpp

The GNU C preprocessor. The GNU C preprocessor is a macro processor that is used automatically by the GNU C compiler to transform programs before actual compilation. This package has been separated from gcc for the benefit of those who require the preprocessor but not the compiler. This is a dependency package providing the default GNU C preprocessor for Debian GNU/Linux systems (version 2.95.4 for architecture i386). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The Unit Testing Library for C++ CppUnit is a simple Framework for incorporating test cases in your C++ code. It is similar to, and inspired by, xUnit and JUnit. For more information on CppUnit visit the project homepage http://cppunit.sourceforge.net/ . From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cproto

generate C function prototypes and convert function definitions Cproto is a program that generates function prototypes and variable declarations from C source code. It can also convert function definitions between the old style and the ANSI C style. This conversion overwrites the original files, so make a backup copy of your files in case something goes wrong. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Intel and AMD x86 CPUID display program The program displays the vendor ID, Processor specific features, the processor name string, different kinds of instruction set extensions present, L1/L2 Cache information etc for the Processor on which it is running. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

To decrypt a password, or to bypass a copy protection scheme. See crackz for more about copy protection. History: When the UNIX operating system was first developed, passwords were stored in the file /etc/passwd. This file was made readable by everyone, but the passwords were encrypted so that a user could not figure out who a person's password was. The passwords were encrypted in such a manner that you could test a password to see if it was valid, but you really couldn't decrypt the entry. (Note: not even administrators are able to figure out user's passwords; they can change them, but not decrypt them). However, a program called "crack" was developed that would simply test all the words in the dictionary against the passwords in /etc/passwd. This would find all user accounts whose passwords where chosen from the dictionary. Typical dictionaries also included people's names since a common practice is to choose a spouse's or child's name. Contrast: A "crack" program is one that takes existing encrypted passwords and attempts to find some that are "weak" and easily discovered. However, it is not a "password guessing" program that tries to login with many passwords, that is known as a grind Key point: The sources of encrypted passwords typically include the following: /etc/passwd from a UNIX system SAM or SAM._ from a Windows NT system <username>.pwl from a Windows 95/98 system sniffed challenge hashes from the network Key point: The "crack" program is a useful tool for system administrators. By running the program on their own systems, they can quickly find users who have chosen weak passwords. In other words, it is a policy enforcement tool. Tools: on UNIX, the most commonly used program is called simply "crack". On Windows, a popular program is called "l0phtCrack" from http://www.l0pht.com/. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

crack-attack

multiplayer OpenGL puzzle game like "Tetris Attack" Crack Attack is an OpenGL puzzle game based on the Super Nintendo game "Tetris Attack". Slowly, your stack of colored blocks grows from the bottom, and you've got to make sure it never reaches the top. If it does, you lose. To eliminate blocks from the stack, line up at least three of one color, horizontally or vertically. Once you do, those blocks disappear, and put off slightly your inevitable demise. Crack Attack is very slow without hardware acceleration. For XFree users, this means you want DRI. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A specific type of hacker who decrypts passwords or breaks software copy protection schemes (creating "crackz"). Also, a generic name used by some to refer to all "malicious" hackers. Controversy: This work is extremely controversial. See the word hacker for a discussion about the way that "cracker" is used in the computer enthusiast community vs. the security community. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

CrackLib tests passwords to determine whether they match certainsecurity-oriented characteristics, with the purpose of stopping users from choosing passwords that are easy to guess. CrackLib performs several tests on passwords: it tries to generate words from a username and gecos entry and checks those words against the password; it checksfor simplistic patterns in passwords; and it checks for the password in a dictionary. CrackLib is actually a library containing a particular C function which is used to check the password, as well as other Cfunctions. CrackLib is not a replacement for a passwd program; it must be used in conjunction with an existing passwd program. Install the cracklib package if you need a program to check users'passwords to see if they are at least minimally secure. If you install CrackLib, you will also want to install the cracklib-dicts package. From Redhat 8.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cracklib-dicts

The cracklib-dicts package includes the CrackLib dictionaries. CrackLib will need to use the dictionary appropriate to your system, which is normally put in /usr/share/dict/words. Cracklib-dicts also containsthe utilities necessary for the creation of new dictionaries. If you are installing CrackLib, you should also install cracklib-dicts. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cracklib-runtime

A pro-active password checker library Run-time support programs which use the shared library in cracklib2 including programs to build the password dictionary databases used by the functions in the shared library. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cracklib2

A pro-active password checker library Shared library for cracklib2 which contains a C function which may be used in a passwd like program. The idea is simple: try to prevent users from choosing passwords that could be guessed by crack by filtering them out, at source. cracklib2 is NOT a replacement passwd program. cracklib2 is a LIBRARY. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Warcraft 2-like multi-player real-time strategy game You are a Viking and have to lead a nation. Your main task is to command citizens; you can tell them to harvest resources, or to build one of the 9 building types. The ultimate goal is to create enough knights, catapults etc. to wipe out the competing civilizations. You can play against other humans by sending a window to their X display, or against a pretty clever AI. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

crafted

Map editor for FreeCraft, the free WarCraft II clone. This is the map or from the FreeCraft Project, a realtime strategy game compatible with WarCraft II. This is the latest snapshot from the CVS repository. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Tools for CramFs (Compressed ROM File System). This package contains tools that let you construct a CramFs (Compressed ROM File System) image from the contents of a given directory, as well as checking a constructed CramFs image and extracting its contents. Cram file systems are used for Debian INITRD images. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

crank

A classical CRypto ANalysis toolKit Crank is short for "CRyptANalysis toolKit", and its overall purpose is to provide a powerful and extensible environment for solving classical (pen-and-paper) ciphers, providing as much automation as possible. Classical ciphers include common schemes like monoalphabetic substitutions, where each letter of the alphabet is mapped to another (usually different) letter consistently through the text. The first version of Crank is restricting itself to these special ciphers. Other algorithms forever devoid of Crank's attentions include Enigma, RSA, DES, MurkelFish, or anything else invented after 1900. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

1. n. A sudden, usually drastic failure. Most often said of the system (q.v., sense 1), esp. of magnetic disk drives (the term originally described what happens when the air gap of a hard disk collapses). "Three lusers lost their files in last night's disk crash." A disk crash that involves the read/write heads dropping onto the surface of the disks and scraping off the oxide may also be referred to as a `head crash', whereas the term `system crash' usually, though not always, implies that the operating system or other software was at fault. 2. v. To fail suddenly. "Has the system just crashed?" "Something crashed the OS!" See down. Also used transitively to indicate the cause of the crash (usually a person or a program, or both). "Those idiots playing SPACEWAR crashed the system." 3. vi. Sometimes said of people hitting the sack after a long hacking run; see gronk out. From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

crash

A kernel debugging utility, allowing gdb like syntax. The core analysis suite is a self-contained tool that can be used to investigate either live systems, kernel core dumps created from the Kernel Core Dump patch offered by Mission Critical Linux, or kernel core dumps created by the LKCD patch offered by SGI. o The tool is loosely based on the SVR4 crash command, but has been completely integrated with gdb in order to be able to display formatted kernel data structures, disassemble source code, etc. o The current set of available commands consist of common kernel core analysis tools such as a context-specific stack traces, source code disassembly, kernel variable displays, memory display, dumps of linked-lists, etc. In addition, any gdb command may be entered, which in turn will be passed onto the gdb module for execution. o There are several commands that delve deeper into specific kernel subsystems, which also serve as templates for kernel developers to create new commands for analysis of a specific area of interest. Adding a new command is a simple affair, and a quick recompile adds it to the command menu. o The intent is to make the tool independent of Linux version dependencies, building in recognition of major kernel code changes so as to adapt to new kernel versions, while maintaining backwards compatibility. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Crash Recovery Kit

The Crash Recovery Kit for Linux is based on Red Hat Linux. It can be used as a recovery disc for lots of systems, not just Linux. All Linux filesystems as well as FAT16 and FAT32 are supported. Version 2.4.18 was released March 31, 2002. A CD-based distribution. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

crashmail

JAM and *.MSG capable Fidonet tosser CrashMail II is basically a more portable version of CrashMail, a tosser for Amiga computers. Users of the old Amiga version will probably find some things familiar while some features are gone such as the ARexx port (for obvious reasons!) and the GUI configuration editor. The only feature that CrashMail II has and the old CrashMail hasn't is support for JAM messagebases. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

crashme

Stress tests operating system stability crashme generates strings of random bytes and then attempts to execute them. Used to test kernel stability. **WARNING** While Linux has been known to survive days and weeks of crashme, IT IS NOT GUARANTEED THAT YOUR SYSTEM WILL SURVIVE! DO NOT USE THIS PROGRAM UNLESS YOU REALLY WANT TO CRASH YOR COMPUTER From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

crawl

Dungeon Crawl, a text-based roguelike game Crawl is a fun game in the grand tradition of games like Rogue, Hack, and Moria. Your objective is to travel deep into a subterranean cave complex and retrieve the Orb of Zot, which is guarded by many horrible and hideous creatures. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A form of a checksum that is able to detect accidental transmission errors. It is used on Ethernet in order to detect packet errors. It is also used on some operating systems in order to detect accidental errors in programs before running them. Key point: Like a checksum, a CRC is not able to detect intentional changes. You must use a cryptographic hash for that. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Plex86 Empty Disk Image Utility This tool is part of the Plex86 project. Its purpose is to generate disk images that are used to allocate the guest operating system in Plex86 environment. It can be useful for other programs that also make use of disk images, like Bochs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Program for collection and display of time-series data This is Cricket. It is a configuration, polling, and data-display engine wrapped around the RRD tool by Tobias Oetiker. There are three user-visible pieces to Cricket: the collector, the grapher, and the config tree. The collector runs from cron and fetches data from a number of devices according to the info it finds in the config tree. The grapher is a CGI application that allows users to traverse the config tree from a web browser and see the data that the collector recorded. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A hex-based tactical game Crimson Fields is a hex-based tactical war game in the tradition of Battle Isle (tm). Two players command their units on a map of hexagons, trying to accomplish mission objectives ranging from defending important locations to simply destroying all enemy forces. The game can either be played in 'hot seat' mode or via email. There's no AI opponent, yet. A simple editor can be used to create custom level files. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Shoot-em-up a la galaxian criticalmass, aka critter, is a shootemup in the style of Galaxian with very colorful and smooth graphics (provided that you have 3d acceleration) Note: criticalmass uses OpenGL, and will probably not run well if you do not have a 3d accelerator which is supported by X. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

/ker'l*f/, sometimes /kru'l*f/ or /C-R-L-F/ n. (often capitalized as `CRLF') A carriage return (CR, ASCII 0001101) followed by a line feed (LF, ASCII 0001010). More loosely, whatever it takes to get you from the end of one line of text to the beginning of the next line. See newline, terpri. Under Unix influence this usage has become less common (Unix uses a bare line feed as its `CRLF'). From Jargon Dictionary
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

management of regular background processing cron is a background process (`daemon') that runs programs at regular intervals (for example, every minute, day, week or month); which processes are run and at what times are specified in the `crontab'. Users may also install crontabs so that processes are run on their behalf, though this feature can be disabled or restricted to particular users. Output from the commands is usually mailed to the system administrator (or to the user in question); you should probably install a mail system as well so that you can receive these messages. This cron package is configured by default to do various standard system maintenance tasks, such as ensuring that logfiles do not grow endlessly and overflow the disk. The lockfile-progs package is only a "Suggests" because of the poor way that dselect handles "Recomments", but I do strongly suggest that you install it; it prevents /etc/cron.daily/standard from running multiple times if something gets jammed. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cron

On UNIX, the cron daemon automated background tasks (such as backups or rotating the logs). It is really the simplest of programs; it reads instructions from a file and executes the appropriate programs at the scheduled time. Key point: When the machine is compromised, intruders will often put backdoor jobs into the crontab. When the victim tries to clean up his/her machine, the jobs in the crontab will run giving the intruder control again. This sort of thing happened in the famous attack against the New York Times; they kept cleaning up the machine, but cron kept giving control back to the intruder. Typically, these jobs would run during the wee hours of the morning when nobody is looking. From Hacking-Lexicon
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cron-apt

Automatic update of packages using apt This package contains a tool that is run by a cron job at regular intervals. By default it just updates the package list and download new packages without installing. You can instruct it to run anything that you can do with apt-get. It also sends mail (configurable) to the system administrator on errors. Observe that this tool is a security risk, so you should not set it to do more than necessary (automatic upgrade of all packages is NOT recommended). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cronolog

Logfile rotator for web servers A simple program that reads log messages from its input and writes them to a set of output files, the names of which are constructed using template and the current date and time. The template uses the same format specifiers as the Unix date command (which are the same as the standard C strftime library function). It intended to be used in conjunction with a Web server, such as Apache, to split the access log into daily or monthly logs: TransferLog "|/usr/sbin/cronolog /var/log/apache/%Y/access.%Y.%m.%d.log" A cronosplit script is also included, to convert existing traditionally-rotated logs into this rotation format. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cronosii

fast, light-weight and functional GNOME e-mail client Cronos II is a powerful GNOME e-mail client. It has been designed to be fast, light, user-friendly, yet strong. Its strength resides in the extended configuration, that the user can manage dynamically without touching any code at all. The friendly aspect resides in the intuitive interface and in the simplicity of the environment and in the full compatibility with the GNOME Project. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

crontab

A short name for file /var/lib/crontab, which contains a list of Linux commands to be performed at specific times. A system administrator can use crontab as an automatic timer to trigger the initiation of important jobs. From Linux Guide @FirstLinux
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

crontabs

The crontabs package contains root crontab files. Crontab is theprogram used to install, uninstall or list the tables used to drive thecron daemon. The cron daemon checks the crontab files to see when particular commands are scheduled to be executed. If commands are scheduled, it executes them. Crontabs handles a basic system function, so it should be installed on your system. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

crossfire-client

Base Client Side of the game Crossfire. Crossfire is "a multiplayer graphical arcade and adventure game made for the X environment. It has certain flavours from other games, especially Gauntlet (TM) and Nethack/Moria. Any number of players can move around in their own window, finding and using items and battle monsters. They can choose to cooperate or compete in the same 'world'." This program can operate stand alone if you have access to a remote server. Playing with sounds will require rplay, also. This package contains no binaries From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

crossfire-server

Server for Crossfire Games This is the server program for the crossfire client Crossfire is a multiplayer graphical arcade and adventure game made for the X environment. It has certain flavours from other games, especially Gauntlet (TM) and Nethack/Moria. Any number of players can move around in their own window, finding and using items and battle monsters. They can choose to cooperate or compete in the same "world". From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Find any cruft built up on your system cruft is a program to look over your system for anything that shouldn't be there, but is; or for anything that should be there, but isn't. It bases most of its results on dpkg's database, as well as a list of `extra files' that can appear during the lifetime of various packages. cruft is still in pre-release; your assistance in improving its accuracy and performance is appreciated. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

CRUX

CRUX is a lightweight, i686-optimized Linux distribution targeted at experienced Linux users. The primary focus of this distribution is "keep it simple", which is reflected in a simple tar.gz-based package system, BSD-style initscripts, and a relatively small collection of trimmed packages. The secondary focus is utilization of new Linux features and recent tools and libraries. Version 1.1 was released March 24, 2003. From LWN Distribution List
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

TCP/IP swiss army knife extended with twofish encryption Cryptcat is a simple Unix utility which reads and writes data across network connections, using TCP or UDP protocol while encrypting the data being transmitted. It is designed to be a reliable "back-end" tool that can be used directly or easily driven by other programs and scripts. At the same time, it is a feature-rich network debugging and exploration tool, since it can create almost any kind of connection you would need and has several interesting built-in capabilities. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Multiplatform 3D Game Development Kit Crystal Space is a free 3D game toolkit. It can be used for a variety of 3D visualization tasks. Many people will probably be interested in using Crystal Space as the basis of a 3D game, for which it is well suited. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Shell with C-like syntax, standard login shell on BSD systems. The C shell was originally written at UCB to overcome limitations in the Bourne shell. Its flexibility and comfort (at that time) quickly made it the shell of choice until more advanced shells like ksh, bash, zsh or tcsh appeared. Most of the latter incorporate features original to csh. This package is based on current OpenBSD sources. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

CannonSmash, a table tennis simulation game CannonSmash is a funny 3D table tennis game. It takes a while to get your hand at ease with the mouse+keyboard manipulations. But once you're used to the technique, you can feel like playing a real game. It is playable against the computer or through a network. Since csmash relies on OpenGL-compatible rendering, it is best experienced with a 3D accelerator card, although software rendering in wireframe mode should be sustainable. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A standard for specifying the appearance of text and other elements. CSS was developed for use with HTML in Web pages but is also used in other situations, notably in applications built using XPFE. CSS is typically used to provide a single "library" of styles that are used over and over throughout a large number of related documents, as in a web site. A CSS file might specify that all numbered lists are to appear in italics. By changing that single specification the look of a large number of documents can be easily changed. From Matisse
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cssc

Clone of the Unix SCCS revision-control system. SCCS is a de-facto standard shipped with most commercial Unices, and is the pre-file revision-control system under many project-wide revision-control systems. This software is under development and not all features are implemented at this time. GNU-based systems use RCS instead of SCCS. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Recoding utility and Czech sorter. This is a utility which allows you to re-encode files between various encodings and sort Czech data. Some main features: - Written in Perl, providing appropriate Perl modules. - Supported encodings: ASCII, ISO-8859-1, ISO-8859-2, Microsoft cp1250 and cp1252, Mac, MacCE, PC Latin 2, Koi8-CS and TeX Cork (T1). - You can create your own encoding definition files and use them for recoding to any other defined encoding. - Single to single or single to many chars recodings are supported. - Sophisticated sorting algorithm for Czech. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Sometimes called a digital modem. It does not modulate or demodulate, but converts a computer's uni-polar digital signal to a bi-polar digital signal for transmission over ISDN lines. From Glossary of Distance Education and Internet Terminology
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

The ctags program generate an index (or "tag") file for C, C++, Eiffel,Fortran, and Java language objects found in files. This tag file allows these items to be quickly and easily located by a text editor or other utility. A "tag" signifies a language object for which an index entry is available (or, alternatively, the index entry created for that object). Alternatively, ctags can generate a cross reference file which lists, inhuman readable form, information about the various source objects found in a set of language files. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

A program to generate themable Web picture albums cthumb allows you to create themable web picture albums, i.e. collections of digital pictures, with small thumbnails of your pictures and with captions. In addition, it optionally allows you to have several views of the collection of pictures. An album is composed of a series of pages, each composed of a collection of pictures. For each page (and each picture), you can have several annotations per picture. cthumb will generate several versions of the page, for each annotation type. You can customize almost everything in the way the albums look on the screen, from the size of the thumbnails to the background and foreground colors, the border colors, whether you want film-strips, etc. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

merge multiple CWEB change files into one file This program is capable of merging multiple change files for a CWEB file into a single change file, or producing a master change file from them. It is based on the TIE program written for WEB (and found in the tetex-bin package). From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

a light compiler toolkit in Haskell CTKLight is a compiler toolkit for Haskell, helping in writing lexers and parsers using combinators. The resulting parsers and lexers are self-optimizing and thus fast. CTKLight works in both GHC and Hugs 98, language extensions turned on. CTKLight is suitable for small compiler projects. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Thai word separator for Thai TeTeX/LaTeX and HTML This is a Thai word separator program intended for use with Thai LaTeX and HTML documents. Thai script is written continously without using "space" for breaking between words. A program such as LaTeX, then, needs to know where to break the sentence for a newline. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

LALR parser generator for Java(tm) CUP is the "Constructor of Useful Parsers", a system for generating parsers from simple LALR specifications. It serves the same role as the widely used program YACC and in fact offers most of the features of YACC. However, CUP is written in Java, uses specifications including embedded Java code, and produces parsers which are implemented in Java. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cups

The Common Unix Printing System provides a portable printing layer for UNIX(TM) operating systems. It has been developed by Easy Software Productsto promote a standard printing solution for all UNIX vendors and users. CUPS provides the System V and Berkeley command-line interfaces. This is the main package needed for CUPS servers (machines where a printer is connected to or which host a queue for a network printer). It can also be used on CUPS clients so that they simply pickup broadcasted printer information from other CUPS servers and do notneed to be assigned to a specific CUPS server by an/etc/cups/client.conf file. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cupsys

Common UNIX Printing System(tm) - server The Common UNIX Printing System (or CUPS(tm)) is a printing system and general replacement for lpd and the like. It supports the Internet Printing Protocol (IPP), and has its own filtering driver model for handling various document types. This package provides the CUPS scheduler/daemon and related files. The terms "Common UNIX Printing System" and "CUPS" are trademarks of Easy Software Products (www.easysw.com), and refer to the original source packages from which these packages are made. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

curator

Turn directories of images into static web content Curator is a powerful script that allows one to generate Web page image galleries with the intent of displaying photographic images on the Web, or for a CD-ROM presentation and archiving. It generates static Web pages only - no special configuration or running scripts are required on the server. The script supports many file formats, hierarchical directories, thumbnail generation and update, per-image description file with any attributes, and 'tracks' of images spanning multiple directories. The templates consist of HTML with embedded Python. Running this script only requires a recent Python interpreter and the ImageMagick tools. Upstream is: http://curator.sourceforge.net/ From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

curl

Get a file from an FTP, GOPHER, HTTP or HTTPS server. curl is a client to get documents/files from servers using any of the supported protocols. The command is designed to work without user interaction or any kind of interactivity. curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support, user authentication, ftp upload, HTTP post, file transfer resume and more. This package is able to handle SSL requests only if installed together with libcurl2-ssl. More informations can be found at the curl web site http://curl.haxx.se . From Debian 3.0r0 APT
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cursel

simple language to provide text application interfaces CURSEL is a freeware FMLI implementation, a small language that allows you to quickly make a form- and menu- based character interface to shell scripts and other programs. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

colorful console interface for CVS version control CurVeS performs two functions. It provides a menu and command completion interface to CVS so that inexperienced users can learn the features of CVS without documentation. This includes the creation of some meta-features built upon standard CVS commands that commonly are used together. The second function of CurVeS is to provide visual presentation of a project directory so that the status of each file is comprehensible at a glance. CurVeS uses color, when available, to accent the file classification marks. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Tetris-like game with very impressive effects. Cuyo, named after a Spanish possessive pronoun, shares with tetris that things fall down and how to navigate them. When enough "of the same type" come "together", they explode. The goal of each level is to blow special "stones" away, you start with. But what "of the same type" and "together" means, varies with the levels. If you hear someone shout that a dragon is always burning his elephants, so that he is not able to blow the volcano away, there a good chances to find Cuyo on his screen. WARNING: It is known to successfully get many people away from more important things to do. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
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Credential Validation Modules CVM is a framework for validating a set of credentials against a database using a filter program. The modules act as a filter, taking a set of credentials as input and writing a set of facts as output if those credentials are valid. Optional input is given to the module through environment variables. Some of the ideas for CVM came from experience with PAM (pluggable authentication modules), the checkpassword interface used by qmail-pop3d, and the "authmod" interface used by Courier IMAP and POP3. This framework places fewer restrictions on the invoking client than checkpassword does, and is much simpler to implement on both sides than PAM and the authmod framework. See http://untroubled.org/cvm/cvm.html for more information. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
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CVS

A source code control system is a MUST to manage the changes occurring to a software project during development. Developers need a complete history of changes to backtrack to previous versions in case of any problems. Since source code is the most vital component of any software project and software development takes a huge amount of time and money, it is very important to spend some time in safe-guarding the source code by using source code control systems like CVS and RCS. CVS (Concurrent Version Control System) is a powerful tool which allows concurrent development of software by multiple users. It uses RCS underneath and has an application layer interface as a wrapper on top of RCS. CVS can record the history of your files (usually, but not always, source code). CVS only stores the differences between versions, instead of every version of every file you've created. CVS also keeps a log of who, when and why changes occurred, among other aspects. CVS is very helpful for managing releases and controlling the concurrent editing of source files among multiple authors. Instead of providing version control for a collection of files in a single directory, CVS provides version control for a hierarchical collection of directories consisting of revision controlled files. These directories and files can then be combined to form a software release. CVS can be used for storing "C", "C++", Java, Perl, HTML and other files. HISTORY of CVS: CVS is a very highly sophisticated and complex system. It is the "State of the Art" technology and is so called "software miracle". The CVS software is a very advanced and capable system developed over a very long period of time. And it took several years to mature!! It took about 20 to 30 years of research to develop CVS algorithms and later it was coded into a software. And even today, it is still evolving!! CVS algorithms actually started in Universities several decades ago and CVS implementation started out as a bunch of shell scripts written by Dick Grune, who posted it to the newsgroup comp.sources.unix in the volume 6 release of December, 1986. While no actual code from these shell scripts is present in the current version of CVS much of the CVS conflict resolution algorithms come from them. In April, 1989, Brian Berliner designed and coded CVS. Jeff Polk later helped Brian with the design of the CVS module and vendor branch support. And today each and every major software development project in the world is written using CVS as the safe repository. As good old software hats say - "You are in very safe hands, if you are using CVS !!!" From http://www.milkywaygalaxy.freeservers.com
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Concurrent Versions System CVS is a version control system, which allows you to keep old versions of files (usually source code), keep a log of who, when, and why changes occurred, etc., like RCS or SCCS. Unlike the simpler systems, CVS does not just operate on one file at a time or one directory at a time, but operates on hierarchical collections of directories consisting of version controlled files. CVS helps to manage releases and to control the concurrent editing of source files among multiple authors. CVS allows triggers to enable/log/control various operations and works well over a wide area network. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cvs

CVS means Concurrent Version System; it is a version control system which can record the history of your files (usually,but not always, source code). CVS only stores the differences between versions, instead of every version of every fileyou've ever created. CVS also keeps a log of who, when and why changes occurred, among other aspects. CVS is very helpful for managing releases and controllingthe concurrent editing of source files among multipleauthors. Instead of providing version control for a collection of files in a single directory, CVS providesversion control for a hierarchical collection ofdirectories consisting of revision controlled files. These directories and files can then be combined togetherto form a software release. Install the cvs package if you need to use a version control system. From Mandrake 9.0 RPM
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cvs2cl

CVS-log-message-to-ChangeLog conversion script This perl script produces a GNU-style ChangeLog for CVS-controlled sources, by running "cvs log" and parsing the output. Duplicate log messages get unified in the Right Way. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cvs2html

create HTML versions of CVS logs cvs2html is program that transforms the 'cvs log' output into a HTML file. The program can be used on any type of cvs archive, but since it invokes cvs itself, it needs to be run in a machine having a local checked out copy of the archive and access to the repository. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cvsbook

Open Source Development with CVS, an online book This is an online version of a book written by Karl Fogel and published by Coriolis, Inc. This book covers CVS, starting with a tutorial and going on to cover repository administration, more advanced topics, troubleshooting, and a complete CVS reference. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Create a tree of revisions/branches from a CVS/RCS file. CvsGraph was inspired by the graph option from WinCVS. It represents the revisions and branches in a CVS/RCS file in a graphical tree structure, also listing any tags associated with any given revision. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cvsps

Tool to generate CVS patch set information CVSps is a program for generating 'patch set' information from a CVS repository. A patch set in this case is defined as a set of changes made to a collection of files, all committed at the same time (using a single 'cvs commit' command). This information is valuable for seeing the big picture of the evolution of a CVS project. While CVS tracks revision information, it is often difficult to see what changes were committed 'atomically' to the repository. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cvsup

A network file distribution system optimized for CVS (client) CVSup is a software package for distributing and updating collections of files across a network. It can efficiently and accurately mirror all types of files, including sources, binaries, hard links, symbolic links, and even device nodes. CVSup's streaming communication protocol and multithreaded architecture make it most likely the fastest mirroring tool in existence today. In addition to being a great general-purpose mirroring tool, CVSup includes special features and optimizations specifically tailored to CVS repositories. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cvsupd

A network file distribution system optimized for CVS (server) CVSup is a software package for distributing and updating collections of files across a network. It can efficiently and accurately mirror all types of files, including sources, binaries, hard links, symbolic links, and even device nodes. CVSup's streaming communication protocol and multithreaded architecture make it most likely the fastest mirroring tool in existence today. In addition to being a great general-purpose mirroring tool, CVSup includes special features and optimizations specifically tailored to CVS repositories. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cvsutils

CVS utilities for use in working directories Several utilities which are used to facilitate working with the files in the working directory of a developer using CVS. The utilities included in this package are: + cvsu: Offline "cvs update" simulator. Lists the files found in the current directory (or in the directories which you specify). + cvsco: "Cruel checkout". Removes results of compilation and discards local changes. Deletes all the files except listed unmodified ones and checks out everything which seems to be missing. + cvsdiscard: Discards local changes but keeps results of compilation. Works like "cvsco", but only deletes files which are likely to cause merge conflicts. + cvspurge: CVS-based "make maintainer-clean". Removes results of compilation but keeps local changes intact. Removes unknown files, but keeps changes in files known to CVS. + cvstrim: Removes files and directories unknown to CVS. + cvschroot: Makes it possible to change CVS/Root in all subdirectories to the given value. + cvsrmadm: Removes all CVS directories in the project. It is safer if you occasionally make mistakes in the "find" commands. + cvsdo: Simulates some of the CVS commands (currently add, remove and diff) without any access to the CVS server. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cvsweb

a CGI interface to your CVS repository cvsweb is a WWW CGI script that provides remote access to your CVS repository. It allows browsing of the full tree, with configurable access controls. It will display the revision history of a file, as well as produce diffs between revisions and allow downloading any revision of the whole file. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cw

Command-line frontend to unixcw This package contains a simple command line client called cw, which sounds characters as Morse code on the console speaker. The included cwgen binary can generate groups of random characters for Morse code practice. Included are some examples files with embedded commands. These commands can be used to change speed, tone, spacing between characters and much more. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cwcp

Ncurses frontend to unixcw Cwcp is a curses-based interactive Morse code tutor program. It allows menu selection from a number of sending modes, and also permits character sounding options, such as the tone pitch, and sending speed, to be varied from the keyboard using a full-screen user interface. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cweb

Knuth's & Levy's C/C++ programming system. CWEB allows you to write documents which can be used simultaneously as C/C++ programs and as TeX documentation for them. The philosophy behind CWEB is that programmers who want to provide the best possible documentation for their programs need two things simultaneously: a language like TeX for formatting, and a language like C for programming. Neither type of language can provide the best documentation by itself. But when both are appropriately combined, we obtain a system that is much more useful than either language separately. You may also want to install the ctie package which allows one to work with multiple change files simultaneously. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

cwebx

C/C++ literate programming system (Marc van Leeuwen's version) This version is a complete rewrite of Levy & Knuth's version of CWEB. It uses a slightly different syntax from the L&K version, but provides a compatibility mode allowing L&K CWEB sources to be processed, producing similar (though not necessarily identical) output. CWEB allows you to write documents which can be used simultaneously as C/C++ programs and as TeX documentation for them. The philosophy behind CWEB is that programmers who want to provide the best possible documentation for their programs need two things simultaneously: a language like TeX for formatting, and a language like C for programming. Neither type of language can provide the best documentation by itself. But when both are appropriately combined, we obtain a system that is much more useful than either language separately. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Generates latex and HTML documentation for C programs. A program that takes as input a series of C source files and produces a LaTeX or HTML document containing a cross reference of the files/functions/variables in the program, including documentation taken from suitably formatted source code comments. The documentation is stored in the C source file in specially formatted comments, making it simple to maintain. The cross referencing includes lists of functions called, callers of each function, usage of global variables, header file inclusion, macro definitions and type definitions. Works for ANSI C, including many gcc extensions. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html

Cyberpunk

Cyberpunk was originally a cultural sub-genre of science fiction taking place in a not-so-distant, dystopian, over-industrialized society. The term grew out of the work of William Gibson and Bruce Sterling and has evolved into a cultural label encompassing many different kinds of human, machine, and punk attitudes. It includes clothing and lifestyle choices as well. From Matisse
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In hard and floppy disk drives, a unit of storage consisting of the set of tracks that occupy the same position on opposite sides of the platter. On a double-sided disk, a cylinder includes track 1 on the top of one another, a cylinder consists of track 1 on both sides of all the disks. From QUECID
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Cylinders, heads, and sectors

The physical drive itself usually comprises several actual disks of which both sides are used. The sides are labelled 0, 1, 2, 3, and so on, and are also called heads because one magnetic head per side does the actual reading and writing. Each side/head has tracks, and each track is divided into segments called sectors. Each sector typically holds 512 bytes. The total amount of space on the drive in bytes is therefore: 512 x (sectors-per-track) x (tracks-per-side) x (number-of-sides) A single track and all the tracks of the same diameter (on all the sides) are called a cylinder. Disks are normally talked about in terms of ``cylinders and sectors'' instead of ``sides, tracks, and sectors.'' Partitions are (usually) divided along cylinder boundaries. Hence, disks do not have arbitrarily sized partitions; rather, the size of the partition is usually a multiple of the amount of data held in a single cylinder. Partitions therefore have a definite inner and outer diameter. From Rute-Users-Guide
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CMU Cyrus mail system (common files) Cyrus is a fully-featured IMAP daemon, with a number of features not found in other IMAP implementations, including: o Designed to handle massive quantities of mail o No need for users to have login accounts o Support for POP3 in addition to IMAP o Servers don't run as root o Easy support for mail quotas For more information, see http://asg.web.cmu.edu/cyrus/. Note: Cyrus doesn't support reading from and storing mail in your standard mail spool - it stores mail in a separate directory in its own MH-like format. The Debian version of Cyrus has been modified to support authentication via PAM in addition to the standard UNIX password file. This package contains the common files needed by the other Cyrus components. The cyrus-imapd and/or cyrus-pop3d packages are needed to enable IMAP and POP3 support respectively. From Debian 3.0r0 APT
http://www.tldp.org/LDP/Linux-Dictionary/html/index.html