Fishermen in Wakayama and Okinawa Prefectures filed a request to the Fisheries Agency in 2006 and it has now been approved on the grounds that, according to the JFA, there are 5,483 rough-toothed dolphins and 50,889 melon-headed whales, and that allowing the capture of these species is sustainable. They also believe that capturing the creatures for the next 100 years would not result in a decrease in their respective population sizes.

Initial plans are for the rough-toothed dolphins (46) will be used for captive display, whilst the melon-headed whales (704) will be slaughtered for their meat. No limits for hunting of other species have yet been decided.

It is possible that the addition of rough-toothed dolphins to the capture list has been approved because bottlenose and Pacific white-sided dolphins are becoming less common. There are few recorded incidents of rough-toothed dolphins being held in captivity and it is likely they will also be used for the planned Taiji sea-pen captive facility.

The dolphin drive hunts in Taiji run from September to April and involve the corralling of dolphins at sea and driving them into the confines of a cove where they are slaughtered for meat or kept alive for sale to marine parks and aquaria across the globe. Captive whales and dolphins taken in these brutal hunts are separated from their families.

The revenue of the Taiji dolphin hunts largely depends on live captures for aquaria. The price of a bottlenose dolphin is about 9,000 dollars as a live capture, while it is about 200 dollars for the meat.