The roots of Buddhism? A recent discovery digs them up, literally

A Buddha statue in a Sri Lankan monastery in Lumbini, Nepal. Recent excavations in this town, 20 miles from the border with India, have led archaeologists to believe the Buddha was born in the sixth century, three centuries earlier than long believed.

Credit:

Sonia Narang

New research appears to shed new light on the origins and early life of the Buddha.

Robin Coningham, a professor of archaeology at Durham University in England, co-led the research team and published his findings in the journal Antiquity. He says the new research provides scientific dating for the earliest Buddhist shrine — challenging long-held assumptions about the life of the Buddha.

The discovery was something of a happy accident. His team originally set out to assist UNESCO and the government of Nepal with a project to preserve a brick temple said to be where the Buddha was born. As they started to excavate, they discovered an older, timber-built temple they hadn't been expecting.

"It's the dating of charcoal and also soil samples from within that earlier timber structure at the site that actually gives us this sixth century BC date," Coningham said. Many scholars had suspected the Buddha lived in the fourth or fifth century BC.

"We'll never actually identify the individual himself, but what we have is right at the beginning of Buddhism as a cult. We actually have a localized structure there, a locallzed shrine, built around a tree. And we know, later, the veneration of the tree as a concept of the Buddha is very important," Coningham said.

"He was, according to Buddhist tradition, born underneath a tree. It gives us this unique glimpse into the very origins of Buddhism."

A team of international archaeologists unearthed a sixth century BC timber shrine underneath the Maya Devi temple, identified as the Buddha's birthplace, in Lumbini, Nepal. The temple is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Lumbini is full of Buddhist monasteries built by foreign countries, including Korea, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, China, India, Germany and Austria. This is the Myanmar Golden Temple, modeled after the Shwedagon pagoda.

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