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Drug misusers are increasingly seen as patients requiring care, rather than as confirmed delinquents. But is this the case with pregnant women who misuse drugs? What kinds of care are available to them? Can special provision be made for them? What ethical issues arise? The aim of this seminar held in Strasbourg in May 2000 was to review the situation in the field of care provision for drug-misusing pregnant women and suggest new areas of work for the future.

How can Europe's cultural heritage be promoted to encourage intercultural dialogue and enhance quality of life? This volume analyses how the Council of Europe can develop synergies between sectoral policies related to architectural, archaeological, movable, intangible and natural heritage. The companion volume "European cultural heritage: volume 1" (ISBN 9287148643) is a collection of the main intergovernmental texts in this field.

Two investigations by the Parliamentary Assembly into the High Value Detainee (HVD) program set up by the U.S. administration after the attacks of September 11 revealed numerous serious human rights violations. It was only able to function through the cooperation of certain Council of Europe member states, despite the fact that they are bound by European human rights onventions. The European Commission for Democracy through Law includes its expert legal opinion on general international legal principles and the responsibility that Council of Europe member states would incur if they, either deliberately or by negligence, failed to meet their obligations.--Publisher's description.

This Convention offers tax authorities a legal framework for co-operating across borders without violating the sovereignty of other countries or the rights of taxpayers. Includes the text of the convention and commentaries. The Convention entered into force in 1995, and interest is growing, with almost half of the countries that have signed the Convention doing so in the last five years. This reflects the growing importance of exchange of information and other forms of co-operation between tax administrations in an increasingly borderless business and financial world. ThisTwentieth Anniversary edition includes the text of the convention as well as commentaries.

Recommendation CM/Rec(2010)12 on the independence, efficiency and responsi¬bilities of judges updates a recommendation that the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe adopted in 1994. These new rules aim to promote the role of judges, improve both their efficiency and independence and clarify their duties and responsibilities. They take account of the new ideas and practices that have emerged in member states' judicial systems since 1994.This recommendation places emphasis on the independence of every individual judge and of the judiciary as a whole. The notion of "internal independence", which aims at protecting judicial decisions from undue internal influences, is one of the important new elements of the recommendation. Judicial "efficiency" is defined in a clear and simple manner. Additional measures on the selection and training of judges, their responsibility, and judicial ethics seek to strengthen the role of individual judges and the judiciary in general.Overall, the recommendation represents a significant step forward in strengthening the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as the manner in which judges exercise their judicial functions is crucial to the protection of these rights and freedoms.

In 1998, the Council of Europe and the European Commission decided to take common action in the field of youth. Both institutions initiated a partnership agreement with the aim "to promote active European citizenship and civil society by giving impetus to the training of youth leaders and youth workers working within a European dimension". In 2003, additional agreements were signed in the fields of "youth research" and "Euro-Mediterranean youth co-operation". Since 2005, the partnership between the European Commission and the Council of Europe in the field of Youth activities have been focusing on the following topics: European Citizenship, human rights education and intercultural dialogue, quality and recognition of youth work and training, better understanding and knowledge of youth and youth policy development. The partnership between the Council of Europe and the European Commission in the field of Youth brings together the two institutions' experience in non formal education, youth policy, youth research and youth work practice. The co-operation between the two institutions covers a wide spectrum of activities such as training, seminars, workshops, networking and dialogue design. Results and other material are made available on the partnership website (http://youth-partnership.coe.int) and in various publications, including the Training Kits (T-Kits). T-Kits are thematic publications written by experienced youth trainers and experts and constitute easy to use handbooks for educational activities. All activities and publications enhance the exchange of experience and good practice between the actors involved and contribute to the implementation of the political objectives of both partners.

The conference provided participants with the opportunity to take the pulse of regional or minority languages, not only where the charter has been ratified and is presently being implemented, but also where states are preparing for future signature and ratification. The role of local and regional authorities in the context of the charter was recognised and it was emphasised that they could contribute significantly to its success. Finally, certain legal aspects of the charter were examined, including the extent of its flexibility as a legal instrument and the mandate and structure of the commit.

Coastal areas have experienced unprecedented dramatic changes in the last half of the 20th century, especially in zones used for tourism development. This code of conduct and model law on coastal areas establishes some general management principles aimed at the sustainable development of coastal areas and the preservation of their environmental values.

What is it like to be young in a Europe faced with conflict and austerity?

Volume 3 of the series Perspectives on youth focuses on “healthy Europe”, not just in the narrow sense, but in the broader sense of what it is like to be young in a Europe faced with conflict and austerity, and what it feels like to be young as transitions become ever more challenging. The assumption when planning this issue was that health in this broader sense remains a controversial area within youth policy, where the points of departure of policy makers, on the one hand, and young people themselves on the other are often dramatically different; in fact, young people tend to interpret the dominating discourse as limiting, patronising, maybe even offensive.

The question of health brings the old tensions between protection and participation as well as agency and structure to the forefront. Not all questions are addressed in detail but many are touched upon. It is, intentionally, an eclectic mix of contributions, to provide a diversity of argumentation and to promote reflection and debate. As has been the intention of Perspectives on youth throughout, we have sought to solicit and elicit the views of academics, policy makers and practitioners, presenting theoretical, empirical and hypothetical assertions and analysis.

Perspectives on youth is published by the partnership between the European Union and the Council of Europe in the field of youth in co-operation with, and with support from, four countries: Belgium, Finland, France and Germany. Its purpose is to keep the dialogue on key problems of child and youth policies on a solid foundation in terms of content, expertise and politics. The series aims to act as a forum for information, discussion, reflection and dialogue on European developments and trends in the field of youth policy, youth research and youth work while promoting a policy and youth work practice that is based on knowledge and participatory principles.

The editorial team of this volume is composed of 12 members representing the supporting countries, the Pool of European Youth Researchers (PEYR), the co-ordinator of the youth policy reviews of the Council of Europe, the EU-Council of Europe youth partnership and the co‑ordinator of the editorial team.

The Committee of Ministers of the Couneil of Europe by a Re solution of 6th February 1960, authorised the publication of a Yearbook of the European Convention on Human Rights. The Yearbook, the first volume of which appeared in 1959 under the title "European Commission of Human Rights - Documents and Decisions", will in future be published each year in the month of September. The Yearbook, being prepared by the Directorate of Human Rights of the Council of Europe, does not involve the responsibility either of the European Commission or of the European Court of Human Rights. In partieular, the summaries of the decisions of the European Commission of Human Rights eannot be quoted against the actual texts of the decisions eontained in the first and second volumes. Director 01 Human Rights August 1960 POL YS MODI NOS PreJace Par sa Resolution du 6 fevrier 1958, le Comite des Ministres du Conseil de l'Europe a autorise la publication d'un Annuaire de la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l'Homme. L' Annuaire dont le premier volume a paru en octobre 1959 sous le titre "Commission Europeenne des Droits de l'Homme - Docu ments et Decisions", sera dorenavant publie au mois de septembre de chaque annee.

A variety of mechanisms has been established in the Council of Europe to monitor compliance with human rights standards.This publication discusses four specific monitoring bodies, namely the Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance, and the European Committee of Social Rights. By assessing and comparing the monitoring procedures and standard-setting activities of these expert bodies, the authors make an essential contribution to the discourse on the Council of Europe's role - both current and future - with regard to human rights.This book constitutes a rich source of information on the dialogue between the four committees and European states. It is addressed to practitioners, diplomats and decision makers at national level to deepen their understanding of the aims and functioning of Council of Europe monitoring mechanisms. Students and academics will gain a comprehensive insight into the legal bases, mandates and procedures of such mechanisms. Finally, it is hoped that the expert bodies themselves will gain much from the authors' analysis of present-day challenges for monitoring and the impact their implementation standards may have on the development of the European human rights order.

This publication gives an overview a seminar held in October 1999, which looked at the role of the pharmacist as a co-guarantor of health security. The first theme was health challenges of the 21st Century, which included the safety of new therapies, the pharmacists role in risk management and the problems of the counterfeiting of drugs. The second theme concerned the challenges of the new technologies both the dangers of selling drugs over the internet and the opportunities of increased networking professional information. The final theme looked at the risks of the new technologies and the ways that the pharmacist could add value. The conclusions of the seminar will serve as the framework for a Resolution of the Council of Europe's Committee of Ministers.

Education for democratic citizenship and human rights education are vital for peaceful, sustainable and inclusive societies based on respect for the human rights of every person. Effective teaching and learning processes require well-trained teachers, positive learning environments and high-quality learning materials. This is underpinned by education policy, including curriculum development and review, which is the main focus of this book.

The strengthening of education policies in the fields of education for democratic citizenship and human rights lies at the very heart of the efforts of the Council of Europe, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the Organization of American States. These organisations have jointly produced this publication in order to support states’ commitment to fostering citizenship and human rights education and improving access to quality education for all.

In 1987, the Santiago de Compostela Declaration laid the foundations for the first Council of Europe Cultural Route, highlighting the importance of our rich, colourful and diverse European identities. Today, the Council of Europe Enlarged Partial Agreement (EPA) on Cultural Routes oversees 29 routes connecting culture and heritage across Europe.

Cultural Routes are powerful tools for promoting and preserving these shared and diverse cultural identities. They are a model for grass-roots cultural co-operation, providing important lessons about identity and citizenship through a participative experience of culture. From the European Route of Megalithic Culture with its monuments built as long as 6 000 years ago, to the ATRIUM route of Architecture of Totalitarian Regimes, the routes contain elements of our past which help us to understand the present and to approach the future with confidence.

The Cultural Routes also stimulate thematic cultural tourism in lesserknown parts of the continent, helping to develop economic and social stability in Europe.

This first ever step-by-step guide to the design and management of Council of Europe Cultural Routes will be an essential reference for route managers, project developers, students and researchers in cultural tourism and related subjects. It addresses aspects ranging from the Council of Europe’s conventions to co-creation, fund-raising and governance, and it explores a Cultural Route model that has evolved into an exemplary system for sustainable, transnational co-operation and that has proved to be a successful road map for socio-economic development, cultural heritage promotion and intergenerational communication.

The Council of Europe EPA on Cultural Routes is the result of our successful co-operation with the Luxembourg Ministry of Culture and the European Union. Increasingly, other organisations, such as the United Nations World Tourism Organization, are joining this project.

This handbook was funded by the third European Commission/Council of Europe Joint Programme on Cultural Routes.

The effects of climate change on ecosystems are complex. The impact on the species and habitats protected by the Bern Convention may differ widely, depending on the species, their habitats and location. This publication includes seven expert reports presenting concrete measures for addressing the vulnerability of Europe's natural heritage in the face of climate change and its effects, and how this heritage must adapt in order to survive. With this publication, the Council of Europe aims to increase awareness about the links between biodiversity and climate, and emphasize the large potential for synergies when addressing biodiversity loss and climate change in an integrated manner.

This publication presents notes and comments on the Council of Europe's legal instruments on extradition. It includes the current status of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights on extradition matters and on other transnational criminal proceedings. It also brings together the non-binding instruments on extradition adopted by the Council of Europe's Committee of Ministers.

This Convention aims to prevent trafficking in human beings, protect victims of trafficking and prosecute traffickers. Its comprehensive scope of application encompasses all forms of trafficking (whether national or transnational, linked or not to organised crime) and covers all victims of trafficking (women, men and children) as well as all forms of exploitation. With an emphasis on the human rights of victims of trafficking, the Convention contains measures to ensure the proper identification of victims, their assistance and protection as well as their compensation. It also contains measures to ensure the effective investigation and prosecution of traffickers. In addition, it sets out measures to promote international co-operation and partnerships with civil society. Finally, it provides for a mechanism to monitor compliance with the obligations it contains.

The Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (CETS No. 210) is the first legally binding instrument to address violence against women and domestic violence in Europe. It contains a wide range of obligations aiming to prevent violence, protect its victims, prosecute the perpetrators, implement coordinated policies and promote international co-operation. It also envisages a monitoring mechanism. The convention recognizes violence against women as a violation of human rights and is a major step forward in achieving gender equality in law and in fact.

This updated publication contains the Committee of Ministers’ guidelines to member States on the protection and promotion of human rights in culturally diverse societies as well as the Compilation of Council of Europe standards relating to the principles of freedom of thought, conscience and religion and links to other human rights upon which the Guidelines are inspired. These standards are based mainly on the European Convention on Human Rights and the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, but also on conclusions and recommendations of other monitoring mechanisms and other Council of Europe bodies.

The Guidelines are innovative as they do not consider these standards in isolation, rather they rethink and recast them through their interaction with other human rights: freedom of expression, freedom of association and assembly, the right to private life. They are intended as a realistic and usable tool which reflects the often complex interplay of different rights within diverse societies.

What positive impact has the European Convention on Human Rights had upon states parties to the Convention?

The examples presented in this publication show that the effects of the Convention and its case law extend to all areas of life. They include, but are not limited to, individuals’ access to justice, the prohibition of discrimination, property rights, family law issues such as custody rights, the prevention and punishment of acts of torture, the protection of victims of domestic violence, the privacy of individuals in their correspondence and sexual relations, and the protection of religious freedoms and freedoms of expression and association.

This publication contains selected examples from all 47 states parties to the Convention that illustrate how the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms has been strengthened at the domestic level thanks to the Convention and the Strasbourg Court’s case law.

Youth participation is not an end in itself, but a means of achieving positive changes in young people’s lives and of building better democratic societies.

Participation is a fundamental human right recognised, among others, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Participation is also a core principle of human rights and is a condition for effective democratic citizenship for all people.

The aim of the Council of Europe’s youth policy is to provide young people with equal opportunities and experience which enable them to develop the knowledge, skills and competencies to play a full part in all aspects of society. Youth participation is at the core of youth policy in the Council of Europe, which includes co-management as a form of sharing power with youth representatives.

Youth participation is promoted across the various sectors of the Council of Europe. The revised European Charter on the Participation of Young People in Local and Regional Life, adopted in May 2003 by the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe, is a standard-setting instrument for youth participation. It supports young people, youth workers, youth organisations and local authorities in promoting and enhancing meaningful youth participation at local and regional level across Europe. The manual “Have your say!” was produced to support local and regional authorities, youth organisations and young people who want to give young people a real say for a meaningful democratic youth participation.

According to the Charter, participation is about having the right, the means, the space and the opportunity and, where necessary, the support to participate in and influence decisions and engage in actions and activities so as to contribute to building of a better society. The manual “Have your say!” is an educational and practical tool to support all those committed to making that right a reality for more young people in the Council of Europe member states.

Embryos & human genomes, palliative care & euthanasia -- these issues, of great media interest, concern specialists as well as ethics committees & decision makers who are attempting to regulate some of these difficult questions by the appropriate legal, ethical & moral actions. Eighty-two cases concerning specific health problems & thirty-eight cases found in daily nursing care are elaborated in this text; in these 120 practical cases the authors evaluate the possible reactions of the health professional in the light of international legislation, ethics, & religious & lay moral principles. This work, which lends itself to reflection, teaching & action, will be of particular interest to all health care personnel, to members of ethics committees, to association personnel, lawyers, philosophers, theologians, sociologists and, of course, to patients. Religion and moral philosophy have played an important role through history in establishing fundamental rules of medical ethics. This book examines modern medical issues from these perspectives.

After 11 September 2001, the Council of Europe undertook to identify gaps in international law and action with a view to contributing to the efforts of the international community against terrorism. As a result, it drew up the new Convention on the Prevention of Terrorism which was opened for signature at the 3rd Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Council of Europe in May 2005. The convention aims at enhancing states' efforts to prevent terrorism and its negative effects on the full enjoyment of human rights, in particular the right to life, by measures to be taken at national level and through international co-operation. It defines three new principal offences: public provocation to commit a terrorist offence, recruitment for terrorism and training for terrorism, which are considered to be terrorist offences in so far as they are connected with the possible perpetration of the offences included in the international conventions against terrorism. Furthermore, it contains several provisions concerning the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, including grounds for refusal of extradition and mutual assistance and a provision on the protection of the victims of terrorism. This publication contains the text of the convention and its explanatory report, which is intended to facilitate the reader's understanding of the convention and its operation.

The implementation of the recommendations of the 3rd Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Council of Europe (Warsaw, May 2005) resulted in the launch in 2006 of a number of European campaigns, in particular "Building a Europe for and with children"; the "Campaign to combat trafficking in human beings"; with its slogan "Human being - not for sale"; "All different, All equal"; "Stop domestic violence against women"; and the "Dosta!" awareness-raising campaign to end prejudice against the Roma. Kosovo was a major political concern for the Council of Europe. The Republic of Montenegro applied for membership of the Council of Europe following the 21 May referendum, which paved the way for its independence. Serbia, on the other hand, succeeded the former State Union of Serbia and Montenegro as a member state of the Organisation. The Council of Europe was the first organisation to look into the allegations of secret detentions and unlawful transfers of suspected terrorists in the member states. The Parliamentary Assembly and the Secretary General each carried out investigations which revealed that Council of Europe member states have not set up effective legal safeguards against such practices, which violate the European Convention on Human, Rights.