Background The role of diet plan in India’s rapidly progressing chronic disease epidemic is unclear; furthermore, diet plan can vary greatly throughout North-South locations considerably. adiposity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Outcomes Across the locations, a lot more than 80% from the individuals met the requirements for stomach adiposity and 10 to 28% of individuals were regarded diabetic. In Delhi, the “fruits and dairy products” dietary design was positively connected with stomach adiposity [highest versus minimum tertile, multivariate-adjusted OR and 95% CI: 2.32 (1.03-5.23); Ptrend = 0.008 hypertension and ].20 (1.47-3.31); Ptrend < 0.0001]. In Trivandrum, the "pulses and grain" pattern was inversely related to diabetes [0.70 (0.51-0.95); Ptrend = 0.03] and the "snacks and sweets" pattern was positively associated with abdominal adiposity [2.05 (1.34-3.14); Ptrend = 0.03]. In Mumbai, the "fruit and vegetable" pattern was inversely associated with hypertension [0.63 (0.40-0.99); Ptrend = 0.05] and the "snack and meat" pattern appeared to be positively associated with abdominal adiposity. Conclusions Cardio-metabolic risk factors were highly prevalent in this population. Across all regions, we found little evidence of a Westernized diet; however, dietary patterns characterized by animal products, fried snacks, or sweets appeared to be positively associated with abdominal adiposity. Conversely, more traditional diets in the Southern regions were inversely related to diabetes and YC-1 manufacture hypertension. Continued investigation of diet, as well as other environmental and biological factors, will be needed to better understand the risk profile in this population and potential means of YC-1 manufacture prevention. Background The Indian population has the highest prevalence of diabetes worldwide [1] and exhibits high-risk metabolic profiles at younger ages and lower body mass index (BMI) than their Western counterparts [2,3]. Although genetic YC-1 manufacture susceptibility is likely to play a role in chronic disease etiology, the strong evidence for diet and other environmental factors [4-7] suggest that such an epidemic may be preventable. Diets across India have not been widely investigated, yet many believe that India may be in the midst of a “nutrition transition,” [8-10] where changes in diet parallel an expanding industrial economy and a rapidly progressing epidemic of obesity and chronic, non-communicable disease. In this emerging at-risk population, the suspected access to and adoption of a less healthy diet and lifestyle, and/or deviance from traditional and potentially protective behaviors [9,11,12], may be linked to anthropometric factors and biological markers of chronic disease risk [3,13]. However, few have closely examined the role of diet in these patterns and relationships across a large, diverse, Indian population. Large cohort studies in the U.S. and Europe have used dietary patterns analyses to bring to light common eating behaviors and their relationships with risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer [14,15]; however, no such studies exist in India. Furthermore, diet is expected to vary considerably within India across North-South regions [10,13,16] and with the exception of national food surveys [9,17], few comprehensive and up-to-date assessments of regional Indian diets are currently available [11,12,18]. Utilizing detailed diet histories collected in a cohort feasibility study conducted across three diverse regions of India, our objective was to aggregate foods in to regional dietary patterns and to investigate associations with cardio-metabolic risk factors, such as abdominal adiposity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. As little is known regarding regional differences, we used an exploratory approach, factor analysis, YC-1 manufacture to empirically identify dietary patterns reflecting actual eating behaviors within each of the study regions [19,20]. Methods Study Participants The India Health Study (IHS; Figure ?Figure1)1) was a multicenter pilot study designed to investigate the feasibility of establishing a diet and cancer cohort in India. The study was conducted between December 2006 and July 2008 in participating centers distributed across three regions of India: Delhi in the north (All India Institute of Medical Sciences and Centre for Chronic Disease Control), Mumbai in the west (Healis-Sekhsaria Institute for Public Health), and Trivandrum in the south (Regional Cancer Center). Centers were selected in areas with established cancer registries [21] and to capture a range of different economic, ethnic, and urbanization Rabbit polyclonal to SPG33 patterns [11]. Human ethics committees from each study center, the Special Studies Institutional Review Board of the U.S. National Cancer Institute,.