Scope and Content Note

Access: The papers are available for reference with the
exception of Series 30.

Provenance: Manning Clarks association with the
National Library extended over forty years and much of his research for A
history of Australia was carried out in its reading rooms. In the final
volume, published in 1987, he wrote that The Petherick Room, the
Manuscripts Room, and the Newspaper Room are present in every page of this
volume, just as they are present always in my heart.

In 1988 Clark began transferring papers from his home to the Library and
they were formally presented under the Taxation Incentives for the Arts Scheme
in April 1989. Further donations under the Scheme were made in January 1990,
June 1990 and May 1991, a few days before his death. The papers received in
1989-91 make up the bulk of the collection. They include most of the
correspondence, the drafts of his books and other writings, and the research
material for A history of Australia.

In his will Clark bequeathed his papers and unpublished works to the
Library on condition that they be closed until the year 2000. The remaining
papers were received from Dymphna Clark in 1994-95. They included his diaries,
notebooks and further correspondence, including some substantial files of
letters from major correspondents. Some correspondence, manuscript articles and
references were also transferred from the History Department at the Australian
National University.

Related materials

The portrait of Manning Clark by Arthur Boyd was bequeathed by Clark to
the Library but, in accordance with the terms of the bequest, is currently in
the custody of the Clark Family.

A collection of 94 photographs of Manning and Dymphna Clark and their
family were lent for copying by the Clark Family in 1995. The copies are held
in the Pictorial Section. In addition, there are photographic portraits of
Clark by Jeff Carter, Heide Smith and Alec Bolton.

Several interviews with Clark are held in the Oral History Section. The
interviewers were Hazel de Berg, 1967 (DeB 253-54), Don Baker, 1985 (TRC 1187),
Neville Meaney, 1986-87 (TRC 2053), Michelle Rowland, 1986 (TRC 2141) and Terry
Lane, 1990 (ROH 907.2092 C594). A recording of Clarks address to the
National Press Club in 1987 is also held (TRC 4036).

The papers that make up this collection were almost entirely created and
assembled in Clarks home in Canberra. There is relatively little material
on his teaching, his supervision of postgraduate students or his other official
duties at Melbourne University, Canberra University College and the Australian
National University. Similarly, there are few papers on his work for the
Australia Council, the Australian Society of Authors and other organisations.
Instead, the papers document his family life and friendships, his private
thoughts and ideas, his travels, the research and writing of all his books and
a huge number of articles, lectures, broadcasts, addresses and reviews, and his
involvement in public debates and discussions. The bulk of the collection dates
from about 1950 until his death in 1991.

The papers include a wide-ranging and substantial correspondence, long
runs of diaries and notebooks, the manuscripts and typescripts of books,
articles, reviews, lectures and talks, research material for his books,
conference papers, business and travel documents, photographs, newspaper
cuttings and printed ephemera.

Organisation

Apart from the diaries and notebooks, most of the papers had been kept
by Clark in manila folders, sometimes very large, and usually with a title in
his handwriting. Some were kept in filing cabinets in his study, but others
were in cupboards in other rooms or in boxes under the house.

Although often scattered, many of the files formed sequences and these
sequences have generally been preserved in the series arrangement imposed by
the Library. This is especially true of the general correspondence (Series 1),
travel files (Series 10) and the papers relating to Clarks publications
and other writings (Series 11-28). For preservation reasons, the contents of
the folders were transferred to acid-free envelope folders, with the exception
of the research materials for A history of Australia (Series 17).
However, the contents of folders were not rearranged in any way and the
evidence of Clarks erratic and inconsistent filing methods has therefore
been preserved. As many of the manila folders were extremely large, with a
single folder sometimes filling a box, it was often necessary to divide the
contents into two or more envelope folders. Where this has been done, small
Roman numerals have been added to the titles on the folders. Thus
Correspondence 1957 (i) and Correspondence 1957 (ii) indicate that the original
folder has been divided into two. Similarly, in the series descriptions below,
where a title is preceded by multiple file numbers it can be inferred that
there was originally one folder which has been divided by the Library into two
or more parts.

Biographical Note

Charles Manning Hope Clark was born in Burwood, Sydney, on 3 March 1915,
the second son of the Reverend Charles Clark and his wife Catherine née
Hope. When he was six the family moved to Phillip Island, Western Port,
Victoria, and then in 1924 they settled in Belgrave, near Melbourne. Clark was
educated at Belgrave State School and Mont Albert Central School and in 1928 he
won a scholarship to Melbourne Grammar School. From 1934 to 1938 he read
History and Political Science at the University of Melbourne, graduating with
first class honours.

In August 1938 Clark sailed for England to pursue his studies at Balliol
College, Oxford. He was accompanied by Hilma Dymphna Lodewyckx, whom he married
at Oxford on 31 January 1939. He began a thesis on the French political
philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville, carrying out research in both England and
France. Late in 1939 he took up a teaching post at Blundells School at
Tiverton, Devon. In July 1940 the Clarks left England to return to Australia
and Manning was offered a position at Geelong Grammar School. He continued his
work on de Tocqueville and on completing his thesis in 1944 was awarded a
Master of Arts degree at Melbourne University.

In May 1944 Clark left Geelong to become a Lecturer in Political Science
at Melbourne University. Two years later, at the request of Professor R.M.
Crawford, he began to lecture in Australian History, which was to be his
passion for the rest of his life. In 1949 he was appointed Professor of History
at Canberra University College. In 1960 the College merged with the Australian
National University and Clark continued to be Professor and Head of the History
Department in the School of General Studies until December 1971. He remained in
the Department for a further four years as the first Professor of Australian
History. He was a Fellow of both the Australian Academy of the Humanities and
the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia.

While living in Melbourne in the late 1940s Clark began collecting
sources on Australian history which led to his first publication Select
documents in Australian history 1788-1850 (1950). The second volume,
covering the period 1850-1900, was published in 1955 and Clark then turned to
writing his greatest work, A history of Australia. The first volume
was published in 1962 and the sixth and final volume appeared in 1987, four
years before his death. It was the most ambitious work ever undertaken by an
Australian historian. It reached an exceptionally large audience and Clark was
both admired and condemned for his highly personal view of history, his concern
with grand themes, ideas and conflicts rather than dry facts and figures, and
his unique literary style. Other books written by Clark included Sources of
Australian history (1957), Meeting Soviet man (1960), A short
history of Australia (1963), Disquiet and other stories (1969)
and In search of Henry Lawson (1977). In his last years he wrote three
volumes of autobiography.

From the 1960s until his death Clark was the most famous historian in
Australia and one of the best-known public intellectuals. He accepted numerous
invitations to write for newspapers, give lectures and broadcasts, and address
academic, literary, cultural and political organisations and societies
throughout Australia. He also travelled widely overseas. He spoke about
Australian and world history, and also on a great range of political, social
and literary themes. His political statements were at times highly provocative
and his broad generalisations, dire prophecies and oracular style often
infuriated conservatives and made him a controversial figure. Some of his books
and lectures provoked intense public debate. He had a huge legion of admirers
and in his last years received many honours: honorary doctorates, literary
prizes, a Companion of the Order of Australia (1975) and the title Australian
of the Year (1981). Geoffrey Serle wrote that as no one else Clark
greatly increased public consciousness of Australian history and widened the
imaginative horizons of innumerable compatriots.

Manning Clark died in Canberra on 23 May 1991. He was survived by
Dymphna and their six children.

References:

Bridge, Carl, ed., Manning Clark; essays on his place in
history, Melbourne, Melbourne University Press, 1994

Holt, Stephen, A short history of Manning Clark, Sydney, Allen
and Unwin, 1999

Series List

Series/Title

1 General correspondence, 1939-91

2 Diaries, 1938-91

3 Notebooks, 1937-77

4. Newspaper cuttings, 1938-54

5 University of Melbourne, 1937-49

6 Canberra University College, 1953-60

7 Australian National University, 1960-76

8 Harvard University, 1975-79

9 Australian Council for the Arts, 1973

10 Journeys, 1955-91

11 The ideal of Alexis de Tocqueville, 1938-50

12 Select documents in Australian history, 1948-56

13 Alexander Harris, Settlers and Convicts, 1952-64

14 Meeting Soviet Man, 1958-60

15 A short history of Australia, 1961-92

16 A history of Australia: drafts

17 A history of Australia: research materials, 1960-86

18 A history of Australia: correspondence and reviews,
1960-91

19 Short stories

20 The Boyer Lectures, 1975-88

21 In search of Henry Lawson, 1977-88

22 Occasional writings and speeches, 1979-81

23 A history of Australia  the Musical, 1980-89

24 The puzzles of childhood, 1907-91

25 The quest for grace, 1989-91

26 A historians apprenticeship, 1990-91

27 Manuscripts, 1931-91

28 Lectures, 1940-87

29 Subject files, 1936-91

30 Family correspondence, 1958-75

31 Miscellaneous papers, 1937-90

Series Descriptions

Series 1 General correspondence, 1939-91

Only a small number of letters have survived from Clarks years in
Melbourne and Oxford or even from his first years in Canberra. The
correspondence essentially begins in 1953, when Clark and his family moved into
the house in Tasmania Circle, Forrest, designed by Robin Boyd. Clark lived
there for the rest of his life and most of the papers were accumulated in that
house.

Until the late 1960s most of the letters were filed simply by date.
Clark then began to devise a more complex filing system, forming sequences
under such headings as Comments on my work, My great
friends and Public life. Sadly, there were great
inconsistencies in his filing. Letters from a particular person can be found
under several headings, while routine or business letters can be found under
the heading My great friends. Some sequences were abandoned and
near the end of his life he again filed many letters simply by year. Despite
the inconsistencies, the files have been left largely intact.

In his last years Clark began to create files for specific individuals,
especially close friends, and he removed their letters from the more general
files. This rearrangement was incomplete at the time of his death. The Library
has not created any new files for individuals, but where a file already existed
it added letters from the individual found elsewhere in the general
correspondence.

Many of the files contain newspaper cuttings and printed ephemera, as
well as letters. This is especially true of the sequences Comments on my
work and Public life.

Clark wrote most of his letters and postcards by hand and did not keep
copies. The bulk of the correspondence therefore consists of incoming letters.
However, he often made handwritten drafts of letters of importance and they can
be fond among the letters he received. In addition, there is one folder of
out-letters and drafts (1/65).

The series is a large one, containing well over 10,000 letters. Clark
maintained a very wide correspondence and in some cases it continued for
decades. His most prolific correspondents were Kathleen Fitzpatrick, Geoffrey
Fairbairn, James McAuley, R.M. Crawford, John La Nauze, Sir Keith Hancock,
Frank Kellaway, Geoffrey Dutton, Don Baker, Barbara Penny, Russel Ward, Judah
Waten, Patrick White, Bruce Grant, Ken Inglis, G.P. Shaw, John Ritchie, Lyndall
Ryan, Suzanne Welborn, Pat Dobrez, Humphrey McQueen, Helen Garner and John
Embling. A more extensive list of the principal correspondents can be found in
Appendix I. It should be noted that many of the correspondents only used their
first names and often it has not been possible to identify them with
certainty.

Most other series in the collection also contain correspondence. In
particular, letters can be found in the series entitled Australian National
University (7), Harvard University (8), Journeys (10), nearly all the series on
publications (11-26) and Family correspondence (30).

Folder

1 1939-40

2 1950-53

3-4 1953-54

5-6 1954-55

7 1955

8 1956

9 1956

10 1956

11 1956-57

12 1957

13-14 1957

15 1958

16 1958

17 1958

18 1958

19 1959

20-21 1959

22-23 1959

24-25 1959

26-27 1959-60

28-29 1960

30 1960

31-32 1961

33-34 1961

35-36 1962

37 1963

38 1964

39-40 1964-65

41-45 1966-67

46 1967

47-48 1970-71

49-51 1971

52-53 1972

54 1972-73

55-57 1975

58 1988

59-60 1989

61-63 1990

64 1991

65 Out-letters and drafts, 1965-80

66-67 Correspondence about publications, 1953-72

68-71 Comments on my work, 1960-76

72-73 Comments on my work, 1970-72

74-75 Comments on my work, 1977

76-82 Comments on my work, 1979

83-88 Comments on my work, 1980

89-94 Comments on my work, 1981

95-99 Comments on my work, 1982

100-5 Comments on my work, 1983

106-9 Comments on my work, 1984

110-12 Comments on my work, 1985

113-15 Comments on my work, 1986

116 Comments on my work, 1987

117-24 My great friends, 1967-81

125-29 My great friends, 1981-82

130-33 My great friends, 1983

134-36 My great friends, 1984

137-38 My great friends, 1985

139-49 Personalia, 1986-90

150-55 Writers  miscellaneous, 1965-87

156-59 Letters from writers, 1974-91

160 Correspondence with other writers, 1982

161-63 Public life, 1973-76

164 Public life, 1976-77

165-66 Public life, 1978

167 Kurt Baier, 1987

168 Don Baker, 1964-90

169 Geoffrey Blainey, 1953-90

170 David Campbell, 1967-78

171 Helen Crisp, 1986-90

172 Blanche dAlpuget, 1980-87

173 Eleanor Dark, 1946-80

174 Pat and Livio Dobrez, 1982-91

175 Rosemary Dobson, 1976-90

176 Geoffrey Dutton, 1960-91

177 Judith Egerton, 1957-90

178 Jane Elliott, 1989

179 John Embling, 1980-88

180-81 Geoffrey Fairbairn, 1945-80

182 Kathleen Fitzpatrick, 1953-90

183 Bill Gammage, 1964-89

184 Helen Garner, 1978-90

185 Bill and Ann Golding, 1975-83

186 Bill Grant, 1987-90

187 Xavier Herbert, 1978-80

188 Barry Humphries, 1965-88

189 Frank Kellaway, 1979-91

190 James McAuley, 1956-76

191 Humphrey McQueen, 1981-90

192 David Malouf, 1983-90

193 Alan Marshall, 1966-84

194 Ian Milner, 1967-90

195 Ed Morgan, 1989-90

196 Iris Murdoch, 1967-90

197 Sidney Nolan, 1967-80

198 Rima Rathausky, 1984-87

199 Margaret Reynolds (Chewton, Vic.), 1960-87

200 Artem Rudnitsky, 1987-91

201-2 Lyndall Ryan, 1968-91

203 Susan Ryan, 1981-89

204 Christina Stead, 1981

205 Douglas Stewart, 1953-83

206 Judah and Hyrell Waten, 1954-85

207 Don Watson and Hilary McPhee, 1983-91

208 Suzanne Welborn, 1973-91

209 Patrick White, 1961-89

210 Mick Williams, 1957-86

211 David Williamson, 1973-88

212 Judith Wright, 1967-88

213-17 Australian of the Year, 1981

218-20 Companion of the Order of Australia, 1975

221 Extension to house, 1974-75

222 Federal election, 1972

223 Houses, 1949-53

224 Parkinson Show, 1980

225-26 St Vincents Hospital, 1983

227 Wapengo, 1980

228 Miscellaneous letters

Series 2 Diaries, 1938-91

Clark used small notebooks for recording diary entries. The entries were
frequent, but not usually daily. Some diaries were kept intermittently over a
period of years, others covered only a few days, and there was some overlap
between volumes. The distinction between the diaries and the notebooks in
series 3 is not sharp, as the latter often contain precisely dated entries. In
general, the notebooks record Clarks reading and research as a young man,
while the diaries record his activities generally over a period of fifty years,
including travels, lectures, meetings and conversations. They also record his
private thoughts and feelings.

Item

1 25 Nov. 1938-5 May 1940

2 5 May 1940-18 Dec. 1949

3 14 March 1954-11 July 1960

4 15 Dec. 1955-7 March 1956

5 10 March-6 Dec. 1956

6 1 Dec. 1956-21 Jan. 1957

7 1 Oct.-9 Dec. 1958

8 18 July 1960-29 Sept. 1962

9 3 Feb.-25 April 1964

10 26 April-11 June 1964

11 12 June-21 July 1964

12 21 July-23 Oct. 1964

13 1020 Sept. 1965

14 20 Sept. 1965-4 Nov. 1966

15 27 March 1967-20 Feb. 1968

16 25 Aug. 1967-13 Jan. 1969

17 19 Oct. 1967-4 Dec. 1976

18 21 Feb.-26 March 1968

19 4 April-13 May 1968

20 21 May-11 July 1968

21 13 July 1968-7 Aug. 1970

22 11-26 May 1969

23 28 May 1969-26 Oct. 1970

24 11 Aug. 1969-27 Jan. 1971

25 4-19 Jan. 1970

26 6-8 June 1970

27 15-17 June 1970

28 24-27 June 1970

29 1 May 1971-26 Feb. 1973

30 8 Dec. 1972

31 15 April-14 May 1973

32 17 July-25 Sept. 1973

33 26 Sept.-11 Dec. 1973

34 15 Jan.-21 Dec. 1974

35 11 Feb.-25 May 1975

36 16 July 1975-6 Dec. 1976

37 17 Oct 1975-20 Aug. 1976

38 4 Sept.-2 Oct. 1976

39 13 Jan.-15 May 1977

40 21 May-13 Sept. 1977

41 5 Sept. 1977-17 Jan. 1978

42 31 Jan.-31 March 1978

43 21 April-21 June 1978

44 21 June-21 July 1978

45 1 Aug.-30 Aug. 1978

46 16 Sept. 1978-10 Feb. 1979

47 11 Feb.-8 Aug. 1979

48 13-26 June 1979

49 4 Sept. 1979-3 April 1980

50 13-31 March 1980

51 19 April-22 July 1980

52 10 Aug. 1980-27 Jan. 1981

53 7 Feb.-2 July 1981

54 6 July-8 Sept. 1981

55 10 Sept. 1981-3 Jan. 1982

56 1 Jan.-18 May 1982

57 30 June-20 Aug. 1982

58 22 Aug. 1982-17 Jan. 1983

59 26 Jan.-21 July 1983

60 4 Aug. 1983-30 Aug. 1984

61 11 Sept.-1 Oct. 1984

62 1 Oct.1984-16 April 1985

63 17April-6 Aug. 1985

64 11 Sept. 1985-8 Aug. 1986

65 13 Sept. 1986-7 April 1987

66 17 April-16 Aug. 1987

67 24 Aug. 1987-2 March 1988

68 11 March-22 Aug. 1988

69 3 Sept. 1988-18 May 1989

70 25 May 1989-26 Jan. 1990

71 26 Jan.-16 July 1990

72 17 July-14 Oct. 1990

73 23 Oct. 1990-24 May 1991

Series 3 Notebooks, 1937-77

Most of the notebooks date from the period 1935-55 and record
Clarks historical and literary studies at Melbourne and Oxford, as well
as his readings while a schoolteacher in Devon and Geelong. They include notes
that he took at lectures and notes made while reading modern European history.
Some of them are precisely dated, while others can only be approximately dated.
The later volumes contain some notes for lectures in Canberra and also
Clarks first thoughts on writing a history of Australia.

See also notes on Fyodor Dostoevsky, 1961, and Historiography, 1975, in
item 5 in this series.

Series 4 Newspaper cuttings, 1938-54

The early cuttings in the 1938-44 album include reports of speeches by
Clark at Melbourne University in 1938, his engagement to Dymphna Lodewyckx, and
their departure for Europe. Most of the other cuttings relate to the War and
international relations and were taken from German, British and Australian
newspapers. The 1954 cuttings refer to a statement on Indo-China signed by
Bishop E.H. Burgmann, Professor J.W. Davidson, Professor C.P. Fitzgerald and
Manning Clark.

In general, Clark did not maintain separate cutting files, but instead
interfiled cuttings with letters and other papers. The cuttings are, in fact,
very extensive. Of particular note are the extensive cuttings about Clark in
the sequences entitled Comments on my life and Public
life in Series 1, the files on overseas trips in Series 10, the reviews
that are among the papers on each of his publications (Series 12-25) and the
subject files in Series 29.

Item/folder

1 Cutting book, 1938-44

2 1954

Series 5 University of Melbourne, 1937-49

Clark enrolled at the University of Melbourne as an undergraduate in
March 1934 and was a student at Trinity College. He completed the course in
1937, gaining a first class honours degree in History. He returned to the
University in 1944 as a lecturer in Political Science and later History, a post
he held until he moved to Canberra in 1949.

There are very few papers for this period, but the lectures and lists of
sources document the beginnings of Clarks interest in Australian
history.

Canberra University College, which was affiliated with the University of
Melbourne, took its first students in 1930. Most of the students were public
servants and all were part-timers. After the War, funding for the College was
increased significantly. In January 1949 Herbert Burton was appointed Principal
and Professor of Economic History and his immediate task was the appointment of
new staff. His first appointment was Clark, who arrived in Canberra in
September 1949 to take up the first chair of History. He remained in this
position until 1960, when the College amalgamated with the Australian National
University.

There are relatively few papers on Clarks work as a teacher or on
Canberra University College generally. Most of the papers relate to meetings of
Australian historians in 1955-58.

Folder

1 Postgraduate students, 1957

2 Senior lecturer in History, 1959

3 Historical sources, 1953

4 Lectures in British history, 1955

5 Lectures on Russia, 1960

6 ANZAAS Conference, Melbourne, Aug.1955

7-10 Conference on Australian History, Canberra, Aug. 1957

11 ANZAAS Conference, Adelaide, Aug. 1958

Series 7 Australian National University, 1960-76

The 1946 Australian National University Act provided for the possible
incorporation of Canberra University College. There was strong opposition to
the idea from some academics, but at the end of 1959 the Prime Minister
announced that the two institutions would be amalgamated. The amalgamation took
place on 1 October 1960. The departments of Canberra University College formed
the new School of General Studies and were organised into four faculties: Arts,
Economics, Law and Science. Herbert Burton continued to be Principal of the
School until his retirement in 1965.

Clark was the Head of the Department of History from October 1960 until
31 December 1971. He then remained in the Department as the first Professor of
Australian History, finally retiring in 1975. He was also Dean of the Faculty
of Arts in 1961-63.

The bulk of the papers in this series were files kept in the office of
the History Department; they were transferred to the Library after Clarks
death. The correspondence files contain both in-letters and out-letters, but
the latter predominate. Many of them relate to the University and to colleagues
and students, but there are other letters on public matters or of a personal
kind. In some instances, the letters written to Clark can be found in Series 1,
whereas the replies are in this series. The recipients of letters include Don
Baker, Geoffrey Bolton, John Cobley, R.M. Crawford, Geoffrey Dutton, Kathleen
Fitzpatrick, Alan Gilbert, Bruce Grant, Ken Inglis, Noel McLachlan, Ann Moyal,
Les Murray, Patrick OFarrell, Geoffrey Serle, G.P. Shaw, Sir Patrick
Shaw, Keith Sinclair, Sir Richard Southern, Hugh Stretton, J.M. Ward, Russel
Ward, Patrick White, E.G. Whitlam, Robin Winks and Judith Wright.

Folders 45-57 were received from Clarks home. They contain
correspondence, minutes of Faculty meetings and leaflets and other papers
documenting student protest activities at the University. The correspondents
include Sir Leonard Huxley, Sir John Crawford, Cecil Gibb, Herbert Burton and
W.S. Hamilton.

Folder

1-5 Correspondence, Jan. 1965-Jan. 1968

6-8 Correspondence, Jan. 1968-Dec. 1969

9-11 Correspondence, 1970

12-14 Correspondence, 1971

15-17 Correspondence, 1972

18-19 Correspondence, 1973

20-21 Correspondence, 1974

22-23 Correspondence, 1975

24-26 Articles and reviews, 1960-68

27-29 Articles and reviews, 1969-72

30-31 Articles and reviews, 1973-75

32 References, A-B

33 References, B-D

34 References, D-F

35 References, F-H

36 References, H-J

37 References, K-L

38 References, M

39 References, O-P

40 References, R

41 References, R-S

42 References, S-T

43 References, T

44 References, W-Z

45 Lectures on F. Dostoevsky, 1961

46-48 Dean of Faculty of Arts, 1961-63

49-50 Correspondence, 1962-76

51 Faculty of Arts, 1963

52-54 Promotions at ANU, 1963-72

55 Ken Inglis: personal chair, 1964

56 Student stirrers and their opponents, 1969-75

57 Murray Todd poems

Series 8 Harvard University, 1975-79

In 1975, in observance of the bicentennial celebrations of the American
Revolution, the Australian Government made a gift to Harvard University to
establish an Australian Bicentennial Chair in Australian Studies. Clark was
involved in the negotiations that led to the gift and in December 1975 visited
Boston to discuss the arrangements with officers of Harvard University. In
September 1978 he took up the Visiting Professor of Australian Studies at
Harvard. He returned to Australia in February 1979.

Clark was appointed a member of the Literature Board of the Australian
Council for the Arts in early 1973 and remained on the Board until June 1974.
The Board was chaired by Geoffrey Blainey. Clark presumably returned most of
the papers to the Board, but he retained two files containing photocopies of
notices of meetings, agenda papers, correspondence and some grant applications.
There is also one letter from the Chairman of the Council, H.C. Coombs.

In 1975 the Australia Council replaced the Australian Council for the
Arts. Its function was to provide policy advice to the Commonwealth Government
on all the arts and to consider and allocate grants to artists and arts
organisations. Clark was a member of the Council from 1975 to 1978, but he did
not keep any papers on the work of the Council.

Folder

1 Literature Board, 1973

2-3 Literature board, 1973

Series 10 Journeys, 1955-91

Clark created a series of files which he labelled Journeys
which documented many of his visits to overseas countries, as well as his
travels within Australia and short-term attachments to various universities.
The papers include correspondence, drafts of letters, speeches and lectures,
travel documents, itineraries, invitations, photographs, newspaper cuttings,
programs, brochures and maps.

Papers concerning Clarks visit to the Soviet Union and
Czechoslovakia in 1958 can be found in Series 1 and and papers on his trips to
Harvard University in 1976-79 are in Series 8.

Folder

1 South East Asia, 1955-56

2 United Kingdom, 1956

3 Duke University, 1963

4 Yale University, 1963

5 United States, 1963-64

6 United States, 1963-64

7 Norfolk Island, 1965

8 New Zealand, 1965

9 Clairemont, California, 1968

10-11 United States, United Kingdom, 1968

12 United Kingdom and Darwin, 1969

13-14 Russia, 1970

15 Soviet Union, Norway, United Kingdom, United States, 1973

16 Norfolk Island, 1974

17 Gulf of Carpentaria, 1975

18 Coopers Creek and Birdsville, 1975

19 United States, United Kingdom, Israel, 1975

20 Alligator Rivers, Northern Territory, 1978

21-22 New Zealand, 1980

23 Gallipoli, 1980

24 North Queensland, 1981

25 Beagle Bay, Western Australia, 1981

26 Central and Western Australia, 1982

27 Alice Springs, 1982

28 Darwin, 1982

29 Tasmania and King Island, 1983

30-31 China, 1984

32 French battlefields, 1985

33-34 Yale University, 1988

35 Ormond College, University of Melbourne, June-July 1958

36 Inglewood and Bond University, 1989

37 Tasmania, 1990

38 Vicenza, Italy, 1990

39 Perth and Albany, 1991

Series 11 The ideal of Alexis de Tocqueville,
1938-50

In 1938 Clark was persuaded by his tutor at Balliol College, Humphrey
Sumner, to work on the writings of the French political philosopher and
historian Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859). In 1939 he and Dymphna spent some
time in France, where he worked on manuscripts of de Tocqueville at Paris and
the Chateau de Tocqueville at Cosqueville in Normandy. He continued work on the
thesis after his return to Australia and it was accepted by the University of
Melbourne which awarded him a Master of Arts degree in 1944. Clarks
thesis was published posthumously by Melbourne University Press in 2000.

Apart from a few notes dating from 1950, the papers in this series
comprise notes made by Clark in 1938-40 of de Tocquevilles published and
unpublished writings, together with drafts of his thesis.

Folder

1-2 Manuscript

3 Typescript

4 Final draft

5-6 The ideal of Alexis de Tocqueville

7 Opinions on de Tocqueville, 1939

8 Correspondence and speeches of de Tocqueville, 1839-51

9 Speeches and correspondence of de Tocqueville, 1851-59

10-11 Democracy in America, 1940-50

Series 12 Select documents in Australian history,
1948-56

In 1946 Clark began to teach Australian history at the University of
Melbourne and his teaching led him to search for early Australian documents in
the Public Library of Victoria and the Mitchell Library in Sydney. Two years
later he decided to publish some of the documents he had used in his teaching.
Len Pryor of the Melbourne Teachers College had had the same idea and the
two men collaborated on Select documents in Australian history
1788-1850. It was completed in 1949 and published by Angus and Robertson
in 1950. Clark originally hoped to cover the period 1850-1940, but the second
volume, published by Angus and Robertson in 1955, dealt with the period
1850-1900. Both books were received with great acclaim.

Very few papers have survived relating to Volume 1. Most of the papers
comprise handwritten or typescript copies of documents assembled when Clark was
writing Volume 2. There is a comprehensive collection of reviews for both
volumes. There are a few letters among the reviews. The writers include Eris
OBrien, Ailsa Thomson, A. Lodewyckx, C.A. McCallum, Russel Ward and
A.G.L. Shaw.

The series also contains reviews and cuttings of Clarks book
Sources of Australian history, which was published by Oxford
University Press in the Worlds Classics series in 1957. The volume
contained an almost entirely new selection of documents, including newspaper
articles, poems and ballads, dating from 1788 to 1919.

Folder

1 Plans, 1948 and index to Volume I

2 Volume I: reviews, 1950

3 Transportation, 1951

4-6 Volume 2: Section 2

7 Volume 2: Social conditions, 1951

8-9 Volume 2: Social history

10 Volume 2: Social legislation,1952

11 Wheat farming in South Australia 1860-1900, June 1950

12-13 Volume 2: The pastoral industry

14 Volume 2: Political history

15 Non-Labor politics 1860-1900, 1951

16-19 Labor Party, 1880-1900

20-22 Volume 2: Federation

23 Books and references, 1955

24 Volume 2: notes on sources

25 Volume 2: reviews, 1955-56

26 Sources of Australian history, 1957-58

Series 13 Alexander Harris, Settlers and convicts,
1952-64

In 1952 Gwyn James, the Manager of Melbourne University Press, asked
Clark to prepare a new edition of Settlers and convicts; or, recollections
of fourteen years labour in the Australian backwoods, by an
Emigrant Mechanic, first published in London in 1847. There has
been some uncertainty about the authorship, but most writers have agreed with
Clark in attributing the book to Alexander Harris (1805-1874), who emigrated to
Australia in 1825. Clark wrote a foreword to the new edition, which was
published in 1953.

The small series contains research notes by Clark, manuscript maps, the
manuscript of the foreword, letters from individuals and organisations in both
Australia and England providing information about Harris, and reviews of the
book. The correspondents include Gwyn James, J.A. Ferguson, James Whittaker,
Herbert Rumsey, Russel Ward and A.D. Hope.

Folder

1 Research notes and drafts

2 Maps

3 Correspondence and reviews, 1952-64

Series 14 Meeting Soviet man, 1958-60

In November 1958 Clark, together with Judah Waten and James Devaney,
spent three weeks in the Soviet Union as the guests of the Union of Writers. On
his return to Australia, Clark wrote a number of newspaper articles about his
impressions. His impressions and ideas were developed in his book Meeting
Soviet man, which was published by Angus and Robertson in 1960. It
received a mixed reception and political opponents of Clark were to draw
heavily on the book in later years.

The papers consist of the manuscript of the book and handwritten drafts
of talks and letters, letters from both Russian and Australian correspondents,
articles from Russian newspapers, newspaper articles by Clark or reporting his
speeches, printed items and memorabilia collected during his trip to the Soviet
Union, and reviews of the book. The correspondents include Dymphna Clark,
Vincent Buckley, W.G. Mountier, Judah Waten, Alexei Surkov and Oksana
Krugerskaya.

Folder

1 Manuscript

2 Miscellaneous manuscripts

3 Correspondence, 1958-59

4 Russian newspaper articles

5 Russian printed ephemera

6 Australian newspaper articles, 1959

7 Reviews and comments, 1960

Series 15 A short history of Australia,
1961-92

In 1961 Clark was asked to write a single volume history of Australia
for the New American Library of World Literature. It was published in New York
in 1963 with the Mentor Books imprint. A second edition was issued by Heinemann
in 1969. An illustrated edition was published by Macmillan in 1981, with new
editions by Penguin in 1983 and 1987.

When he was at Oxford in May 1956 Clark decided to embark on a general
history of Australia, a task that was to occupy much of his time for the next
thirty years. Volume 1 of A history of Australia, subtitled From
the earliest times to the age of Macquarie, was published by Melbourne
University Press in 1962. It was received with great acclaim, but also
subjected to strong criticism, most notably from the journalist and biographer
M.H. Ellis. Volume 2 was published in 1968, Volume 3 in 1973, Volume 4 in 1978,
Volume 5 in 1981 and Volume 6 in 1987. Clark had originally planned to deal
with the post-1851 period in a single volume, but in fact three volumes were
devoted to this period. The final volume ended in 1935. Clarks use of
sources, his carelessness with facts and his distinctive style have been much
debated, but his History is generally regarded as one of the great
works of Australian literature.

The drafts of Volume 3 are missing, but manuscript and typescript drafts
of the other five volumes of A history of Australia have survived.
They document the evolution of the book and the considerable textual and
stylistic changes that took place between Clarks first draft and the
final publication.

This is the largest series in the collection and the least organised.
Clark and his research assistants accumulated a huge quantity of notes,
photocopies and microfilm printouts, which were filed roughly under subject
headings. Unlike the other series, the files have not been re-foldered, except
in cases where the files were very thick and the papers were becoming damaged.
The papers have been grouped by volume, but the order of files within each
volume is random and they are not numbered. It is not known whether they were
ever in any definite order.

Clark was helped on the History by a number of research
assistants: Barbara Penny, Rima Rossall, Lyndall Ryan, Deirdre Morris, Susan
Eade, Beverley Hooper and Roslyn Russell. They transcribed or copied much of
the material in this series.

Vol. 1: Earliest times to the age of Macquarie 5 boxes

Vol. 2: New South Wales and Van Diemens Land, 1822-38 8 boxes

Vol. 3: 1824-51 15 boxes

Vol. 4: 1851-88 20 boxes

Vol. 5: 1888-1915 14 boxes

Vol. 6: 1916-35 26 boxes

Series 18 A history of Australia: correspondence and
reviews, 1960-91

Clark created files for each volume of A history of Australia
and in general divided them into correspondence and reviews. The latter
comprised cuttings or photocopies of reviews of the book. However, the division
was not always observed and some letters can be found in the review files and
some reviews in the correspondence files. In addition, some of the letters have
no connection with A history of Australia.

The correspondence falls into three categories. There are a large number
of letters from Melbourne University Press, particularly Peter Ryan, about the
editing and publishing of the volumes. There are some letters from libraries,
museums and historical societies about sources and requests for photographs.
The third and largest category is the letters from friends, colleagues and
members of the public praising or criticizing the book. All three categories
are interfiled. The bulk of the correspondence is in-coming, but there are
occasionally handwritten drafts of Clarks replies.

During the 1950s and 1960s Clark wrote a number of short stories, some
of them featuring a Canberra public servant described as The man in
black. They were published in the Bulletin, Quadrant,
Partisan, Prometheus and the Melbourne University
Magazine. In 1969 twelve of the stories were published by Angus and
Robertson in a volume entitled Disquiet and other stories. These
stories and two new stories appeared in Collected short stories,
published by Penguin in 1986.

Apart from reviews of Disquiet and other stories and a small
quantity of letters, this series comprises handwritten and typescript drafts of
stories and notes and jottings for stories.

Folder

1-2 Manuscripts 1

3-5 Manuscripts 2

6-8 Manuscripts 3

9-12 Manuscripts 4

13-14 Manuscripts 5

15-16 Manuscripts and typescripts

17-19 Manuscripts and typescripts

20-21 Manuscripts and typescripts

22 Reviews of Disquiet and other stories, 1969-70

23 Sirius edition of Disquiet and other stories, 1982

24 Collected short stories, 1986-87

Series 20 The Boyer Lectures, 1975-88

In 1975 the Australian Broadcasting Commission invited Clark to give the
1976 Boyer Lectures. First broadcast in 1959, the lecturers have been prominent
Australians who present the results of their work and their thinking on major
social, scientific or cultural issues. Clark entitled his lectures A
discovery of Australia and spoke of how he discovered one way of writing
the history of Australia. The lectures were published by the ABC in 1976. In
1988 Clark was one of a number of former lecturers who were asked to write
postscripts to their lectures. His lectures, together with the postscipt, were
republished by the ABC in 1991.

Most of the letters deal with the content of the lectures, or the
published version of the lectures, both favourably and unfavourably. There are
also many letters and cuttings relating to the controversy preceding the
lectures, especially the attempts of the ABC management to vet the lectures and
the criticisms of Clark made by Senator John Carrick. The correspondents
include Talbot Duckmanton, Beatrice Davis, Lady Casey, Allan Martin, John
Haslem, Lady Braddon, Russel Ward, Irene Greenwood, W. Macmahon Ball, Ken
Inglis, John Molony and Yvonne Boyd.

Folder

1-2 Manuscript and typescript drafts, 1976-88

3 Typescript draft, 1976

4 Typescript draft, 1988

5-6 Correspondence and comments, 1975-76

7 Correspondence and comments, 1976

8-9 Correspondence and comments, 1976-77

Series 21 In search of Henry Lawson,
1977-88

While writing the later volumes of A history of Australia,
Clark became preoccupied with the character of the poet and short story writer
Henry Lawson (1867-1922). His book In search of Henry Lawson was
published by Macmillan in 1977. He stated that he was not attempting to write a
definitive life, but rather a hymn of praise to a man who was great of
heart. As with Clarks other later writings, the book provoked mixed
reactions and reviews. It was savagely attacked by Colin Roderick, who had
edited Lawsons writings, on grounds of both inaccuracy and ideology and
the controversy raged for several weeks.

There are some letters about the research, publishing and launching of
the book. Most of them, however, relate to the public response and in
particular the highly critical comments by Colin Roderick, Max Harris and some
other readers. The correspondents include John Ross (Macmillan), Kay Ronai
(Macmillan), Stewart Edwards, Patrick White, Nancy Keesing, Geoffrey Dutton,
Geoffrey Fairbairn, Bill Gammage, Heather Radi, Geoffrey Serle, Pauline
Fanning, Barbara Penny and Lance Loughrey.

Folder

1-2 Manuscript

3-4 Typescript with manuscript amendments

5-6 Typescript

7-8 Proofs

9 Research material

10 Correspondence and research material, 1977-78

11-15 Notes and research material

16-17 Illustrations

18 Photographs

19-21 Reviews

22-23 Correspondence, 1978

24 Correspondence, 1977-88

Series 22 Ocasional writings and speeches,
1979-81

This selection of writings by Clark was published by Collins in 1980.
Dating from 1943 to 1979, the twenty works were divided into Writings on
History, Writings on Australia, and Personal, and comprised lectures, journal
and newspaper articles, contributions to anthologies and other books, and
funeral orations and tributes.

The series contains typescripts, photocopies and cuttings of papers
considered for inclusion in the book, together with a large number of
reviews.

Folder

1 List of possibilities and copies of papers

2-3 Copies of papers

4 Reviews and comments, 1980-81

Series 23 A history of Australia  the Musical,
1980-89

In 1983 a group of friends led by the historian Don Watson made an
agreement with Clark and Melbourne University Press to devise a theatrical
production based on A history of Australia. After four years of
negotiations and writing, and with financial assistance from the Australian
Bicentennial Authority, A history of Australia  the Musical
opened at the Princess Theatre, Melbourne, on 16 January 1988. It was directed
by John Bell, the script was written by Tim Robertson, John Romeril and Don
Watson, and the music was written by Martin Armiger, George Dreyfus and David
King. The reaction of audiences and critics were mixed and the company
struggled to complete the six week season, incurring a large financial
loss.

The papers in this series consist of correspondence, legal agreements,
scripts, scene breakdowns, reviews and other newspaper cuttings, and programs,
extending from 1983 to 1989. The correspondence documents not only the original
conception of the production and the drafting of the script but also attempts
to obtain sponsorship and suitable reviews and the reactions of critics and
members of the audience. The correspondents include John Timlin, Don Watson,
Tim Robertson, Tim Curnow and Peter Ryan.

The series also contains some papers about a proposal by Grundy
Organisation Pty Ltd to produce a television mini-series based on A history
of Australia. The series never eventuated.

Folder

1 Television rights, 1980

2-3 Theatre production, 1983-84

4 Proposed television series, 1985

5-6 Correspondence, 1984-87

7 Drafts and correspondence, 1986

8 Drafts and correspondence, 1987

9 Correspondence, 1987-88

10-11 Drafts

12 Draft

13 Draft

14 Draft, Sept. 1987

15 Comments and reviews, 1987-88

16-17 Reviews, 1988

18 Printed items

Series 24 The puzzles of childhood,
1907-91

The first volume of Clarks autobiography was published by Penguin
Books in Melbourne in 1989. It portrayed his forebears and covered his
childhood years in Sydney, Phillip Island and Melbourne, ending with his time
at Mont Albert Central School and Melbourne Grammar School.

The first file in this series contains cuttings, quotations and a few
letters that Clark assembled when he first considered writing an autobiography.
The rest of the papers comprise the handwritten draft of The puzzles of
childhood, various typescript drafts, correspondence, research material,
reviews and photographs. The research material comprises booklets, leaflets,
photocopies of documents, microfilm printouts, photographs, letters from
libraries and other sources. The photographs are of special note, consisting of
both original prints and copies of images of Clarks parents, brothers and
other members of his family, social gatherings, school groups and cricket
teams.

The second volume of Clarks autobiography, which originally had
the title Puzzles of the riper years, roughly covered the years
1934-62. It dealt with his time as an undergraduate at Melbourne University,
his travels in Europe in 1938-39 and studies at Oxford, his work as a teacher
at Geelong Grammar School, his return to Melbourne University as a lecturer in
1944, the beginnings of his interest in Australian history and his early years
in Canberra.

The papers comprise several drafts of the book (including the original
manuscript), research material, photographs, correspondence and reviews and
comments. There are letters from the publisher, but most of the correspondence
is from friends, acquaintances and general readers commenting on or criticizing
the book. The correspondents include Beryl Hill (Penguin Books), Humphrey
McQueen, Geoffrey Dutton, George Zubrzycki, Gordon Powell, Amirah Inglis, Colin
Moodie, Bruce Anderson, Michael Thwaites, Elizabeth Riddell, Wilfrid Prest,
Bede Nairn, Suzanne Wellborn, Barry Humphries, A.T. Yarwood and Bill
Gammage.

Folder

1-3 Manuscript

4-6 Draft with editors amendments

7-9 Draft, Jan. 1990

10-12 Draft, March 1990

13-15 Draft, editors copy

16-18 Final draft

19 Research material

20 Research material: debate on Spanish Civil War, 1937

21 Security reports, 1948

22 Illustrations

23 Correspondence, 1990

24-27 Correspondence, 1990-91

28-29 Reviews and comments, 1990-91

Series 26 A historians apprenticeship,
1990-91

Clark wrote the drafts of this book in the last months of his life.
After his death the four chapters were edited by Dymphna Clark, who reduced
them to three: Wanting to tell the story, Learning to tell the story, Trying to
tell the story. The book also contained two excerpts from A history of
Australia on W.C. Wentworth and Robert OHara Burke. It was published
by Melbourne University Press in 1992.

This series contains Clarks manuscript and three typescript
drafts.

Folder

1-2 Manuscript

3 Typescript

4 Typescript

5-6 Typescript

Series 27 Manuscripts, 1931-91

Clark wrote relatively few articles for academic journals, but he was a
prolific writer of articles, reviews and short pieces for newspapers, popular
magazines and professional journals. This series contains manuscripts,
typescripts, offprints, cuttings and occasionally whole issues of journals.
There are articles, book reviews, news commentaries, school broadcasts,
addresses, eulogies and forewords to books. Letters are sometimes attached to
the manuscripts. In the 1980s his filing system became more erratic and the
files contain cuttings and other items that were not written by Clark but
simply quote him or refer to him.

The manuscripts were arranged chronologically by Clark, beginning with a
short piece on the Australian Aborigine published in The Melburnian in
1931. His output was very high in the 1950s, but declined in the 1960s,
presumably because he was concentrating on A history of Australia. It
increased again in the mid-1970s and remained at a high level until his
death.

The last group of files contain some more substantial writings. In
particular, there is material for a life of W.C. Wentworth which Clark was
planning to write in the 1970s but which he eventually abandoned.

Folder

1 1931-33

2 1940-45

3 1947-48

4 1948-49

5 1950-52

6 1953

7 1954

8 1955

9 1956-58

10 1959

11 1960

12 1961

13 1962-63

14 1964

15 1965

16 1966

17 1967

18 1968

19 1969

20 1970

21 1971

22 1972

23 1973

24 1974

25 1975

26-27 1976

28-29 1977

30-31 1978

32-35 1979

36-37 1980

38-39 1981

40-41 1982

42-43 1983

44-47 1984

48-50 1985

51-53 1986

54-55 1987

56-58 1988

59-60 1989

61-62 1990

63 1991

64-65 The origins of the convicts, 1951

66 Transportation

67 The rewriting of Australian history, 1953

68-69 The teaching of history in Australia, 1955

70-71 Occasional publications, 1952-62

72 Sketches for a life of W.C. Wentworth, 1980

73-75 W.C. Wentworth 1790-1810

76 W.C. Wentworth illustrations

77 Childrens history of Australia, 1981-88

78-79 Reviews, prefaces, references and other drafts

80 Miscellaneous drafts

Series 28 Lectures, 1940-87

This small series contains rough notes for lectures, as well as
manuscripts and typescripts of lectures and addresses delivered at universities
and many other public places. It overlaps with the previous series. After 1974
Clark no longer separated lectures from his other manuscripts.

Folder

1 1940-59

2 1960-64

3 1965-69

4-5 1970-74

6 1974

7 1987

8 Occasional lectures, 1947-57

Series 29 Subject files, 1936-91

The files in this series were all created by Clark, but they did not
form a definite sequence. Some of them provide documentation of events,
organisations or projects in which Clark was involved, such as his Order of
Australia award in 1975, his membership of the Australian Society of Authors,
and his assistance to the Parliament House Construction Authority in the early
1980s. These files may contain letters, but they mostly comprise roneoed
papers, cuttings and printed items. The other files, especially those on
individuals, are essentially reference files and consist largely of cuttings,
photocopies and printed items. Occasionally, however, there will be some
letters. For instance, the files on David Campbell contain letters about the
funeral oration delivered by Clark in 1979.

It should be noted that in the case of some individuals, such as Eleanor
Dark, Patricia Dobrez, Judah Waten and Patrick White, there are files of
letters in Series 1, whereas the files in this Series contains cuttings or
other items about these writers.

Folder

1 Aborigines, 1970-80

2 Aborigines and the land, 1985

3 Age Book of the Year, 1974-75

4 Australian Humanities Research Council, 1961

5 Australian National Anthem Quest, 1973

6 Australian of the Year: cuttings, 1980

7-8 Australian Society of Authors, 1976-77

9 Bicentenary projects, 1985-86

10 Bicentennial history, 1984-85

11 Martin Boyd, n.d.

12 David Campbell, 1973-79

13-16 David Campbell, 1975-89

17 Axel Clark: Christopher Brennan, a critical biography

18 Companion of Order of Australia, 1975

19 Contemporary Australia, 1986-90

20 Eleanor Dark, 1936-42

21 William Dobell, 1944-65

22 Patricia Dobrez, 1982-91

23 Doctorates, 1980-88

24 Noel Ebbels, 1952-60

25-26 Malcolm Fraser, 1966-83

27 Romaldo Giungola, 1982

28 R.J. Hawke, 1978-83

29 Stephen Holt: Manning Clark and Australian history, 1982

30 A.D. Hope, 1954-87

31-32 Barry Humphries, 1965-89

33 Industrial tycoons, 1980-85

34 Libraries, 1989

33 Literary awards, 1969-79

35 McPhee Gribble cassette, 1987

37 Humphrey McQueen, 1967-88

38 David Malouf, 1988-90

39 Sir Robert Menzies, 1960-74

40 Lionel Murphy, 1982-87

41 Sir Sidney Nolan, 1963-89

42 Parliament House, 1987-88

43-45 Parliament House Construction Authority, 1984

46 Parliament House wall inscriptions, 1985

47-49 Parliament House Construction Authority, 1985-86

50 Petrov Case, 1955

51 Russian Revolution, 1979-86

52 Save Wyewurk Emergency Committee, 1988

53 Ten best books of the decade, 1974-83

54 Ian Turner, 1978-79

55 Judah Waten, n.d.

56-57 Patrick White, 1961-82

58 Patrick White, 1961-91

59 Gough Whitlam, 1973

60 Will, 1989

Series 30 Family correspondence, 1958-75 Restricted

Clark directed that his letters to his wife and family and letters from
his wife and children should be held under restricted access. There were no
separate files of family letters, but some letters were found in the general
correspondence, mainly dating from 1958-64 and 1971-75. These letters have been
segregated and arranged by correspondent.

Appendix

Select list of correspondents in Series 1

Clark received letters from thousands of individuals. The following list
covers writers who are either well-known or who were frequent correspondents
and indicates the approximate date range of their letters to Clark. It is not
comprehensive, as many writers only used their first names and they cannot be
identified with any certainty.

It should be noted that letters of many of the writers listed below can
be found in other series, in addition to Series 1.