... of the Early Bronze Age or Old Kingdom in Egypt is the time of the momentous events connected with the story of the patriarch Abraham, and described in the Book of Genesis as the overturning of the plain. (5) The cause of the catastrophe could not have been entirely unknown to the ancients. We must therefore become attentive also to other traditions connected with these events. References G. A. Wainwright, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 16 (1930), p. 43. Claude F. A. Schaeffer, Stratigraphie comparee et chronologie de l ? Asie Occidentale (IIIe et IIe millennaires) (Oxford University Press, 1948), p. 225. R. de Vaux, ? Palestine in the Early Bronze Age,? The Cambridge Ancient History, Third ed., vol. I, pt. 2 (1971), ch. xv, p. 236. [According to J. Mellaart (" The Catastrophe at the End of the Eartly Bronze Age 2 Period,? The Cambridge Ancient History third ed. [1971 ...

... From: SIS Workshop Vol 4 No 2 (Sep 1981) Home¦ Issue Contents Assyria and the End of the Late Bronze Age Martin Sieff What happened at the end of the Late Bronze Age? Why and how did the Hittite Empire fall? Stratigraphic evidence shows that the Hittite Empire, Ugarit, and the other Late Bronze Age centres of Palestine, Syria, Anatolia and Cyprus were destroyed at the same time. The Hittite archives from Boghazköi appear to describe defence preparations, as if an invasion was imminent, and then are silent. In Greece, too, archaeology has revealed widespread siege preparations at this time. What was happening? Dated at 1200 BC on the conventional chronology, this period comes down to the eighth century in Velikovsky's revision. However, Velikovsky himself then confuses the issue anew by dating the 19th Dynasty of Egypt and the high period of the Hittite Empire to the time of Nebuchadnezzar and the Neo-Babylonians, while identifying Hatti with Babylon. But, if this were the case, the arc of disaster across the Levant would still lack ...

... not one impact but several [11, which would fit in with the data presented by Officer and Drake. Attempts to show that species died out rapidly in response to an impact are limited by the nature of the evidence. The Berkeley palaeontologist Lowell Dingus has argued that "although catastrophic amounts of extinction might have occurred at the C-T transition, it seems unlikely that we can distinguish episodes of extinction lasting 100 years or less from episodes lasting as long as 100,000 years. Consequently, acceptance of catastrophic hypotheses based on these stratigraphic records seem improbably optimistic at this time[12. In fact, although some groups may have died out more or less instantaneously, the extinction of other groups may have taken place over a million or more years [2,11,13,14. Clearly, there is much work still to be done. References. 1. C. B. Officer and C. L. Drake, "Terminal Cretaceous environmental events", Science 227 (1985), pp.1161-7 2. J. Smit and A. J ...

... 100 B.P. by the radiocarbon laboratory at Yale University under the direction of Dr. Minze Stuiver. Somewhat later a sample from the Cave of Funche, Guanahacabibes, on the western end of the island, was dated at 4000 B.P. The material excavated by the Cuban archaeologists, Guarch and Teourbe-Tolon, with the collaboration of Kozlowski, was dated at 5100 B.P. by the Gliwise laboratory in Poland, the oldest such sample reported for all of the Antilles. In addition, Guarch, Kozlowski, and Tabío have recently realized rigorous stratigraphic excavations at both the Funche and Levisa sites. They have remarked on the evident parallelisms between the highly developed lapidary and other stoneworking techniques characteristic of the Guayabo Blanco phase of the Ciboney culture with those of the Paleoindian peoples of the North American continent.(8) Printing from Cave No. 1 "Punta del Este" Isla de Pinos Ciboney Culture. Of further interest are the pictographs of the earliest Cuban cultural horizon, here illustrated with reproductions of paintings from Cave No. 1 at Punta del Este, Isla de Pinos ...

... synchronisms reflected in the documentation. Paleographical evolution relies heavily on the accepted chronology for its clarification except to the degree which signs appear to simplify from period to period. However, there is no known method of determining how long such changes take to occur outside of an historical chronology based upon lists and synchronisms for they may often as not (especially in the case of minor changes of ductus) reflect regional as well as different scribal hands. Archaeological sequences are also tied in the main to the lists as no site has a complete stratigraphy and the presence of missing strata is inferred from comparative stratigraphy with other sites and on the basis of historical, i.e. textual synchronization and from the above mentioned lists and their interpretation. The reading of Mesalim provided by Pettinato, but read as Barzamali by Archi, remains possible as BAR and ME appear as similar signs in some early texts. [It is conceivable that both ancient as well as modern scholars could be misled by their similarity.Moreover, Pettinato's reading is that of a known personage which favours its retention, ...

... Israel. Although Velikovsky had made a good case in undermining the accepted chronology of ancient Egypt, he had failed to realise that he had throughout accepted the Bible blindly as a fundamentally accurate historical record. We were fortunate that another great revisionist was able to be present and that Gunnar Heinsohn allowed himself to be prevailed upon to give a short survey of his ideas and their origins. He started by admitting that he himself was not free of a 'hidden agenda', in that he desired to see the ancient civilisations assessed by their stratigraphy. It did not require the Bible to give ancient Israel a heritage in the holy land; a reassessed stratigraphy would give Canaan and Israel very credible strata. Heinsohn could not believe that the historians of the last century were idiots to believe in only five major ancient empires; this had led to his ideas on the more recent duplication of these empires. Members will now have had a chance to see just what these ideas are in the paper by Heinsohn which they received with the last Workshop. Heinsohn realised that if his ...

... to and from institutions and individual scholars spanning the twenty years from 1953 and culminating in the remarkable story of the British Museum's suppression of the results of its tests on material from Tutankhamen's tomb. VENUS AND HYDROCARBONS- A reply to Dr W. T. Plummer of the University of Massachusetts on the composition of Venus' atmosphere. VENUS' ATMOSPHERE- An extensive discussion in the light of the space probe data. A REPLY TO STIEBING- Examines Dr W. H. Stiebing's criticisms of AGES IN CHAOS in the light of the stratigraphical record; followed by supportive excerpts from unpublished works on "Scarabs" and "Tiryns". MY CHALLENGE TO CONVENTIONAL VIEWS IN SCIENCE- The complete text of Velikovsky's paper given at the AAAS symposium of 1974. THE LION GATE AT MYCENAE- A section from one of the unpublished volumes of AGES IN CHAOS. THE PITFALLS OF RADIOCARBON DATING- Analyses the problems and possibilities of the C14 dating method in the light of his theories. METALLURGY AND CHRONOLOGY- Discusses shortcomings of the metallurgical approach to comparative archaeology. THE VELOCITY OF ...

... Part Two* The Polar Column* The Saturn Myth* Mars in Upheaval* The Organization of the Solar System* Heracles and the Planet Mars* The Israelite Conquest of Canaan* The Hyksos Were Not Assyrians. Vol.I: No.5 The Two Sargons and Their Successors* Mother Goddess and Warrior-Hero* The Poem of Erra* The Hermes Connection* The Organization of the Solar System: Part Two. Vol.I: No.6 The Youthful Atmosphere of Venus* Velikovsky and Oedipus* Saturn at the North Pole* Fundamentalism and the Revised Chronology* The Stratigraphy of Bahrein* Egyptian Chronology* The Two Sargons and Their Successors: Part Two. Vol.II: No.1 Evidence of an Inversion Event* Astroblemes and Gastroblemes* Servant of the Sun God* On Comets and Kings* Early Glassmaking* Heinsohn and the Hyksos. Vol.II: No.2 Viva Lamarck* A Chronological Note on the Kassites* The Orientation of Ancient Temples* Saxl's Pendulum* Pendulums and Sunspots* The 108-Year Cyclicism of Ancient Catastrophes* The Reconstruction of Cosmic History. Vol.II: No.3 The Birth of Athena* Velikovsky's Martian Catastrophes* ...

... From: Catastrophism and Ancient History XI:1 (Jan 1989) Home¦ Issue Contents INTERACTION Shiloh a Central Cultic Israel Site Brad Aaronson In his critique of the revised stratigraphy proposed by Stan Vaninger (C&AH, 10/1), William Stiebing states "Shiloh... was occupied for the first time in MBIIB (which begins just before the time of Saul, according to the Courville/Vaninger chronology)... ." This is misleading. True, in most of the land MBIIB began shortly before the time of Saul; at Shiloh, however, it began when the Israelites first occupied it. The culture which the Israelites brought into the land would have been preserved most strongly at the central cultic site of Israel, which Shiloh was. Elsewhere, the Israelites would have adapted their culture to fit their new status as a settled agrarian people. When the monarchy was instituted, uniting the people under one culture, it would logically have been the culture preserved at Shiloh. The biblical account does not support Stiebing's apparent ...

... , what is universally acknowledged is that Byblos is called 'Gebal', or 'Gubla'. Very few scholars would claim that all places called 'Gubla' are to be identified with Byblos. Gebal comes from a root meaning 'to border'. As such, it is not a significantly rarer city name than 'Kadesh', another descriptive city name. Aside from the Phoenician city, the Bible mentions at least one other Gebal, this one in the East (Psalms 83:8). And lastly, whether one accepts Bimson's revised stratigraphy or Courville and Vaniger's (or any other stratigraphy which accepts Velikovsky's 18th Dynasty dates), Sebastia cannot be seen as Israelite Samaria. It is, at best, Samaritan Samaria. Just where Israelite Samaria was located is unknown, although the Amarna letters would seem to put it somewhere on the Mediterranean coast. This being the case, criticisms of the Ages in Chaos model based upon locating Samaria in Sebastia are not in order. Bernard Newgrosh replies: I think Brad has demonstrated above the weakness of making character identifications solely on ...