We judged the success when there is no residual stone in the intravenous pyelogram at 12 weeks postoperatively

Secondary Outcome Measures:

stone numbers and sizes, surgical approach, insertion of a DJ ureteral catheter, and use of a flexible cystoscopy, etc [ Time Frame: Retrospective review of data ] [ Designated as safety issue: No ]

Preoperative evaluation included a complete history, physical examination, and imaging work-up such as X-ray or computed tomography (CT). Mean preoperative stone numbers and sizes were evaluated and we also evaluated operative information such as surgical approach, insertion of a DJ ureteral catheter, and use of a flexible cystoscopy

surgery without using a flexible cystoscopy: patients who did not undergo a flexible cystoscopy during laparoscopic stone surgery

surgery with using a flexible cystoscopy

surgery with using a flexible cystoscopy: patients who underwent a flexible cystoscopy during laparoscopic stone surgery

Detailed Description:

Previous trials to increase stone clearance rates have been recently reached using flexible equipment in laparoscopic surgery, however, it is not clear whether using flexible equipment is really helpful in performing pyelolithotomies and the clearance rates using flexible equipment varies 71% to 100%. Therefore, authors plan to investigate the usefulness of flexible cystoscopy in performing laparoscopic pyelolithotomies and ureterolithotomies by comparing operative results of a single surgeon's experience.

Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:

20 Years to 60 Years

Genders Eligible for Study:

Both

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

No

Sampling Method:

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

71 patients with complex renal stones and large or impacted ureter stones. All the patients underwent laparoscopic pyelolithotomies with concomitant calyceal stone removal or ureterolithotomy using a flexible cystoscopy or not.

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

patients with complex renal stones and large or impacted ureter stones

patients who underwent laparoscopic pyelolithotomies with concomitant calyceal stone removal or ureterolithotomy using a flexible cystoscopy or not

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Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01277198