The changing nature and role of vocational education and training in Europe. Volume 3

The responsiveness of European VET systems to external change (1995-2015)

This publication is the third in a series produced as part of the Cedefop project The changing nature and role of VET (2016-18).

Based on analysis of developments during the past two decades (1995-2015), the report provides important insights into the responsiveness of national VET systems, notably in relation to changes in demography, technology and the economy. Building on detailed national case studies, the report demonstrates how ‘big shocks’ (the fall of the Berlin wall, the economic crisis of 2008), national policy reforms and incremental developments over time have changed the character of this crucial part of the European education and training landscape.

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The changing nature and role of vocational education and training in Europe. Volume 3