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Coastal structures in many parts of the world are typically designed for depth-limited breaking wave conditions. Many of these structures will require significant armour upgrades to accommodate sea level rise. Much of the literature on seawall and breakwater adaptation is focussed on the economics of upgrades, while practical design guidance for retrofitting existing coastal structures with rock or concrete armour units is limited.
In this investigation physical modelling was used to enhance our understanding of unconventional designs that may arise when coastal structures are upgraded in response to sea level rise.