Multiple Myeloma Complications

How Multiple Myeloma Affects the Body

The complications of multiple myeloma stem from myeloma’s effect on the body as well as its symptoms. As the myeloma cells grow in excess, they disrupt normal cell production, which can result in numerous health complications. The exact complications of multiple myeloma will vary by individual; however, multiple myeloma primarily affects the bones, the blood and the kidneys.

Anemia

The growing number of myeloma cells can interfere with the production of all types of blood cells. Decreased red blood cell production can result in anemia, which is present in approximately 60% of patients at diagnosis.

Kidney failure

Excess M protein and calcium in the blood overwork the kidneys as they filter blood. The amount of urine produced may decrease, and the kidneys may fail to function normally.

Impaired immune system

The number of myeloma cells also impacts the production of white blood cells. Reduced levels of infection fighting white blood cells leads to myeloma patients are especially prone to infection. In addition, the abnormal antibodies produced by myeloma cells may crowd out normal antibodies, resulting in a weakened immune system. Several preventative steps may be taken to decrease the risk of infections for multiple myeloma patients.