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Resins are translucent and viscous film forming material widely used for production of paints and coatings. It binds the pigment particles to the substrate, forming a layer of film on the surface. The quality of the resin used in production of paints and coating decides the durability of the paint. Resins with different compositions are used depending upon the functional properties of the paint. Common nail polish ingredients include film forming agents such as nitrocellulose, resins, and plasticizers, such as castor oil, and coloring agents such as soluble dye and pigments. Resins and plasticizers give the nail polish a degree of flexibility. This flexibility allows the consumer to apply the nail polish with the brush without the polish drying too quickly or forming unevenly on the nail. These nail polish ingredients also help the nail polish last longer after being applied to the nail. Resins form a hard shell that is resistant to soap and water, keeping the color on the nail longer. Manufactures use a mix of amyl and butyl stearate, castor oil, acids, and glycerol as resins and plasticizers.
Functions of Resin
• To provide gloss and elasticity
• For the suspension of pigments
• To provide resistance to water, chemicals and abrasion
• Makes coating adhere to the surface
• Acts as a dispersant
• For drying properties
Properties
• Resins are translucent and viscous film forming material widely used for production of paints and coatings.
• It binds the pigment particles to the substrate, forming a layer of film on the surface. The quality of the resin used in production of paints and coating decides the durability of the paint. Resins with different compositions are used depending upon the functional properties of the paint.
• Synthetic resins are materials with similar properties to natural resins viscous liquids capable of hardening. They are typically manufactured by esterification or soaping of organic compounds.
• The classic variety is epoxy resin, manufactured through polymerization polycondensation reactions, used as a thermoset polymer for Nail polish.
• Epoxy resin is two times stronger than concrete, seamless and waterproof.
Manufacturing of Nail Polish
The modern manufacturing process is a very sophisticated operation utilizing highly skilled workers, advanced machinery, and even robotics. Todays consumers expect a nail polish to apply smoothly, evenly, and easily; to set relatively quickly; and to be resistant to chipping and peeling. In addition, the polish should be dermatologically innocuous. Mixing the pigment with nitrocellulose and plasticizer:
• The pigments are mixed with nitrocellulose and plasticizer using a two-roll differential speed mill. This mill grinds the pigment between a pair of rollers that are able to work with increasing speed as the pigment is ground down. The goal is to produce fine dispersion of the color.
• When properly and fully milled, the mixture is removed from the mill in sheet form and then broken up into small chips for mixing with the solvent. The mixing is performed in stainless steel kettles that can hold anywhere from 5 to 2,000 gallons. Stainless steel must be used because the nitrocellulose is extremely reactive in the presence of iron. The kettles are jacketed so that the mixture can be cooled by circulating cold water or another liquid around the outside of the kettle. The temperature of the kettle, and the rate of cooling, is controlled by both computers and technicians.
• This step is performed in a special room or area designed to control the hazards of fire and explosion. Most modern factories perform this step in an area with walls that will close in if an alarm sounds and, in the event of explosion, with ceilings that will safely blow off without endangering the rest of the structure.
• Materials are mixed in computerized, closed kettles. At the end of the process, the mix is cooled slightly before the addition of such other materials as perfumes and moisturizers.
• The mixture is then pumped into smaller, 55 gallon drums, and then trucked to a production line. The finished nail polish is pumped into explosion proof pumps, and then into smaller bottles suitable for the retail market.

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