2015-03-03T18:55:38ZDo burglar alarms increase burglary risk? A counter-intuitive finding and possible explanationshttps://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16638
Title: Do burglar alarms increase burglary risk? A counter-intuitive finding and possible explanations
Authors: Tilley, Nick; Thompson, Rebecca; Farrell, Graham; Grove, Louise E.; Tseloni, Andromachi
Abstract: Burglar alarms are widely used as a means to try to reduce the risk of domestic burglary. Previous research has suggested that some burglars are deterred by alarms and that they are therefore effective. Using multiple sweeps of the Crime Survey for England and Wales, the research reported here sought to corroborate these findings. It finds that alarms have become associated with increased rather than decreased risk of burglary with entry. This counter-intuitive finding needs to be treated cautiously. A series of hypotheses that might explain it are outlined.
Description: This is an Open Access Article. It is published by under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence (CC BY). Full details of this licence are available at: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/2015-01-01T00:00:00ZStatistical practice: putting society on displayhttps://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16634
Title: Statistical practice: putting society on display
Authors: Mair, Michael; Greiffenhagen, Christian; Sharrock, Wes
Abstract: As a contribution to current debates on the ‘social life of methods’, in this article we
present an ethnomethodological study of the role of understanding within statistical
practice. After reviewing the empirical turn in the methods literature and the challenges
to the qualitative-quantitative divide it has given rise to, we argue such case
studies are relevant because they enable us to see different ways in which ‘methods’,
here quantitative methods, come to have a social life – by embodying and exhibiting
understanding they ‘make the social structures of everyday activities observable’
(Garfinkel, 1967: 75), thereby putting society on display. Exhibited understandings
rest on distinctive lines of practical social and cultural inquiry – ethnographic ‘forays’
into the worlds of the producers and users of statistics – which are central to good
statistical work but are not themselves quantitative. In highlighting these non-statistical
forms of social and cultural inquiry at work in statistical practice, our case study
is an addition to understandings of statistics and usefully points to ways in which
studies of the social life of methods might be further developed from here.
Description: This is an Open Access Article (CC-BY 3.0). It is published by SAGE as Open Access at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02632764145590582015-01-01T00:00:00ZArea and individual differences in personal crime victimization incidence: the role of individual, lifestyle/routine activities and contextual predictorshttps://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16589
Title: Area and individual differences in personal crime victimization incidence: the role of individual, lifestyle/routine activities and contextual predictors
Authors: Tseloni, Andromachi; Pease, Ken
Abstract: This article examines how personal crime differences between areas and between individuals are predicted by area and population heterogeneity and their synergies. It draws on lifestyle/routine activities and social disorganization theories to model the number of personal victimization incidents over individuals including routine activities and area characteristics, respectively, as well as their (cross-cluster) interactions. The methodology employs multilevel or hierarchical negative binomial regression with extra binomial variation using data from the British Crime Survey and the UK Census. Personal crime rates differ substantially across areas, reflecting to a large degree the clustering of individuals with measured vulnerability factors in the same areas. Most factors suggested by theory and previous research are conducive to frequent personal victimization except the following new results. Pensioners living alone in densely populated areas face disproportionally high numbers of personal crimes. Frequent club and pub visits are associated with more personal crimes only for males and adults living with young children, respectively. Ethnic minority individuals experience fewer personal crimes than whites. The findings suggest integrating social disorganization and lifestyle theories and prioritizing resources to the most vulnerable, rather than all, residents of poor and densely populated areas to prevent personal crimes.
Description: This paper was accepted for publication in the journal, International Review of Victimology. The published version of this paper can be found at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02697580145479912015-01-01T00:00:00ZOffering alternatives as a way of issuing directives to children: putting the worse option lasthttps://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16581
Title: Offering alternatives as a way of issuing directives to children: putting the worse option last
Authors: Antaki, Charles; Kent, Alexandra
Abstract: In a corpus of c. 250 hours of recorded interactions between young children and adults in USA and UK households, we found that children could be directed to change their course of action by three syntactic formats that offered alternatives: an imperative, or a modal declarative, plus a consequential alternative to non-compliance (e.g. come down at once or I shall send you straight to bed; you've got to stand here with it or it goes back in the cupboard), or an interrogative requiring a preference (e.g. do you want to put them neatly in the corner for mummy please or do you wanna go to bed). Formatted syntactically as or-alternatives, these can perform the actions both of warning and threatening. But they make a 'bad' course of action contiguous to the child's turn. We argue that adults choose this format because the interactional preference for contiguity makes the negative alternative the more salient one. This implies that adults attribute to children the ability to appreciate the flouting of preference organisation for deontic effect.
Description: NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Journal of Pragmatics. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version will subsequently be published in http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-pragmatics/2015-01-01T00:00:00Z