The Base Realignment and Closure process is an exercise by the federal government to determine the best use of its military installations. This includes both the closure and realignment of assets in an effort to increase efficiency within the Defense Department.

Air Force meets fuel efficiency goal several years early

Jared Serbu, DoD reporter, Federal News Radio

In 2006, the Air Force decided it wanted to reduce its annual consumption of
aviation fuel by 10 percent within 10 years. The service beat that goal and did it
several years ahead of schedule, officials said Thursday.

Seven years ago, the Air Force set a target of 2015 to cut its fuel use by one-
tenth. The stats from fiscal 2012 are now in though, and officials say they have
already reduced consumption by 12 percent compared to what was burned in 2006.

The Air Force long has been by far the federal government's largest consumer of
energy, so every marginal improvement in fuel conservation makes a huge difference
to the service's bottom line, said Dr. Jamie Morin, the acting Air Force
undersecretary.

"In 2012, we consumed $9 billion worth of energy, and about 85 percent of that
went to aviation fuel. It's a huge share of our budget: 8 percent of it goes just
for gas, and for comparison purposes, it's almost as much as we spend on all of
our space activities," Morin told reporters on a conference call.

Dr. Jamie Morin, acting undersecretary of the Air Force

The fuel savings came from a combination of changes in equipment and more
intelligent operational processes that build from what commercial aviation
companies have been doing for a long time. Translated into monetary terms, the Air
Force estimates it would have spent an additional $1.5 billion on fuel last year
if it were still burning through petroleum at 2006 levels.

"In 2012, that amount of money would have funded our full flying hour program for
all of our active-duty bombers and our attack aircraft. This is real money that we
didn't have to spend on fuel," Morin said. "That's especially important given the
volatility of the fuel market in recent years. Exposing ourselves to that much
volatility is a risk for us."

Borrowing best practices

Air Force officials said that most of the savings were the result of changes the
service has made in its flight procedures and the equipment it uses, particularly
in the mobility air forces that move people, fuel and cargo around the world each
day.

The service borrowed most of those ideas from the commercial sector: planning
cargo sorties so that planes wait until their loads reach a certain capacity level
before they take off, loading aircraft so that their weight is optimally balanced
across an airframe and planning flights to take advantage of natural wind patterns
around the globe so that flights face fewer headwinds.

"We've also benefited enormously from the fact that we have so many airmen in the
guard and reserve who, in their day jobs, are commercial pilots, and we can
leverage their expertise," Morin said. "We've also looked at our fuel loading on
aircraft. Every gallon of fuel you carry into the sky that you don't need for the
mission you're flying is additional weight you're carrying in order to get it up
there, and additional fuel consumption. So we have done much more precise fuel
loading, particularly on our routine cargo channel missions, which, again, is a
widespread practice in the commercial aviation industry."

The Air Force freely acknowledged, however, that simply keeping track of the
number of gallons of fuel it uses isn't the most accurate way to track the
efficiency of its operations. Fuel also can be saved by simply flying fewer
missions, something that's also happened since 2006 as the Air Force reduced its
number of fighter aircraft across the service.

And this year's sequestration cuts also will cut the Air Force's fuel consumption,
though not by choice.

"We're going to have to stand-down squadrons across the Air Force, and so they
won't be burning gas. Unfortunately, they also won't be producing military
readiness, which is what we really need right now," he said. "That's a case where
we're not energy efficient, we're just using less energy because we're doing less
stuff for the country. So I think under sequestration we'll actually increase our
performance against that old goal, which is why we need to challenge ourselves
with a goal that's more oriented around efficiency and output. How many gallons of
gas does it take to produce a trained and ready pilot? How many gallons of gas
does it take to move a ton of cargo a thousand miles?"

New approach to measuring efficiency

The Air Force said the fuel reductions it saw since 2006 were predominately the
result of more efficient practices, but it will soon switch to a more nuanced way
of measuring fuel efficiency as part of a revised overall Air Force strategic plan for energy the
service released this week.

While the vast majority of the energy the Air Force consumes comes in the form of
liquid fuel loaded into the gas tanks of its air mobility fleet, the plan will
continue to target electricity use in Air Force facilities. The military services
measure their facility energy consumption in terms of energy intensity, one
widely-adopted measure of energy efficiency.

On that score, the Air Force says it has reduced its electric usage by 21 percent
since 2006 and is on track toward a 37.5 percent reduction by 2020. The service
also wants to have 25 percent of its facility energy consumption come from
renewable energy sources by 2025.

But even if those long-term goals eventually are met, they're essentially on hold
for the rest of 2013 as a consequence of sequestration. As in the other military
services, the squeeze the automatic budget cuts have placed on operation and
maintenance dollars has made it impossible to follow through on plans to upgrade
buildings to be more energy efficient, or to conduct any other type of maintenance
for that matter, Morin said.

"This is something that's in our face and it's already happening. Since we have to
take a year's worth of cuts in seven months, we've had to absolutely stand on the
brakes in terms of vital facility investments," he said. "We had to take much
deeper reductions in our facilities in order to somewhat protect our flying hours,
and we've limited facility sustainment to only emergency work orders. We're seeing
about a 90 percent reduction in that area, which means we can't even do very
simple things that pay for themselves very quickly, like replacing a building's
windows with more energy-efficient ones. Those are all crowded out. We're only
dealing with emergency requirements, and that's what our situation will be for the
remainder of this fiscal year."

The Air Force also is operating more facilities than it wants, a situation DoD has
tried to rectify by asking for another round of base realignments and closures. So
far however, Congress has shown zero appetite for that idea.