The Constitution of 1856 (effective 1856-1860) provides for the exercise of supreme executive power by a citizen with the title of Presidente de la República ("Art. 73. Es Jefe del Poder Ejecutivo, un ciudadano bajo la denominación de Presidente de la República.")

After the death of Miguel de San Román y Meza (3 Apr 1863), the position of head of state remains vacant until the taking office by Segundo Vicepresidente de la República, encargado del Poder Ejecutivo (9 Apr 1863); during the vacancy, Ramón Castilla y Marquesado was informally entrusted to supervise the government.

The Constitution of 1867 (effective 1867-1868) provides for the exercise of supreme executive power by a citizen with the title of Presidente de la República ("Art. 70. - El Jefe del Poder Ejecutivo tendrá la denominación de Presidente de la República."); Presidente Constitucional de la República is in official use, but is routinely contracted to Presidente de la República.

[8]

Submits his resignation (7 Jan 1868) to the head of government (Presidente del Consejo del Ministros Luis La Puerta y Mendoza) who refuses to take any action on acceptance and declines to take the position of head of state as a constitutionally designated successor.