Chapter 20 opens with an African man killing Flo with a bow and arrow; Goodall watched her die; it is a nightmare. But in fact this really happened; in many parts of the world chimpanzee flesh is prized. Chimpanzee infants are also in demand by researchers. The chimpanzee habitat is also threatened. But some governments are setting aside preserves and zoos are doing better as time goes on. Zoos, however, are far from optimal for chimpanzees. And zookeepers often do not understand chimpanzees, as they have complex emotional aspects.

Goodall asks whether we can ethically experiment on chimpanzees, given that they are (a) endangered and (b) so much like us. Cures are important, but even if we do use chimpanzees, we must improve their treatment.