DEER MEADOWS RESORT + SPA

Southern California · United States of America

ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS

CONCRETE PRODUCTS

Our employees seek to provide site development contractors alike with the highest quality products available. We have a 45 plus year tradition of serving Southern California’s construction needs from back yard patios to large commercial projects.

We use a wide variety of concrete admixtures to provide you with performance enhanced concrete mixes. Contact your local representative to learn more about non-chloride accelerators, low to high range water reducers, stabilizers to retard setting time, self consolidating concrete, and more.

We use the latest technologies in liquid color provided by Davis Colors to give you the choice of what color you want your concrete to be. To view your color options, visit visit off Site web presence @ DavisColors.com

CEMENTITIOUS AGGREGATE PRODUCTS

The Concrete Palette™ by Davis Colors is the first computer-visualizing software tool that turns custom concrete colors viewed on a computer monitor into colors cast in concrete. It's available as a free download. With the ever-growing popularity of stamped concrete the Concrete Palette gives a designer more color options for their stamped concrete or decorative concrete projects.

Now it is possible to create a color for stamped concrete that complements your own environment.

CONCRETE

STUDY CREDIT

Concrete is a composite construction material composed primarily of aggregate, cement and water.

There are many formulations that have varied properties. The aggregate is generally a coarse gravel or crushed rocks such as limestone, or granite, along with a fine aggregate such as sand. The cement, commonly Portland cement, and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, serve as a binder for the aggregate.

Water is then mixed with this dry composite which enables it to be shaped [typically poured / placed] and then solidified and hardened into rock-hard strength through a chemical process known as hydration. The water reacts with the cement which bonds the other components together, eventually creating a robust stone-like material.

Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but much lower tensile strength. For this reason is usually reinforced with materials that are strong in tension (often steel). Concrete can be damaged by many processes, such as the freezing of trapped water.

Famous concrete structures include the Burj Khalifa [world's tallest building], the Hoover Dam, the Panama Canal and the Roman Pantheon.

Concrete technology was known by the Ancient Romans and was widely used within the Roman Empire. After the Empire passed, use of concrete became scarce until the technology was re-pioneered in the mid-18th century.

The environmental impact of concrete is a complex mixture of not entirely negative effects; while concrete is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, recycling of concrete is increasingly common in structures that have reached the end of their life. Structures made of concrete can have a long service life. As concrete has a high thermal mass and very low permeability, it can make for energy efficient housing.

CONCRETE ADDITIVES

Concrete additives have been used since Roman and Egyptian times, when it was discovered that adding volcanic ash to the mix allowed it to set under water. Similarly, the Romans knew that adding horse hair made concrete less liable to crack while it hardened and adding blood made it more frost-resistant.

In modern times, researchers have experimented with the addition of other materials to create concrete with improved properties, such as higher strength or electrical conductivity.

CONCRETE COMPOSITION

There are many types of concrete available, created by varying the proportions of the main ingredients below. In this way or by substitution for the cementitious and aggregate phases, the finished product can be tailored to its application with varying strength, density, or chemical and thermal resistance properties.

Recently the use of recycled materials as concrete ingredients has been gaining popularity because of increasingly stringent environmental legislation. The most conspicuous of these is fly ash, a by-product of coal-fired power plants. This use reduces the amount of quarrying and landfill space required as the ash acts as a cement replacement thus reducing the amount of cement required.

The mix design depends on the type of structure being built, how the concrete will be mixed and delivered and how it will be placed to form this structure.

CONCRETE AGGREGATE COMPONENTS

Fine and coarse aggregates make up the bulk of a concrete mixture. Sand, natural gravel and crushed stone are used mainly for this purpose. Recycled aggregates [from construction, demolition and excavation waste] are increasingly used as partial replacements of natural aggregates, while a number of manufactured aggregates, including air-cooled blast furnace slag and bottom ash are also permitted.

Decorative stones such as quartzite, small river stones or crushed glass are sometimes added to the surface of concrete for a decorative "exposed aggregate" finish, popular among landscape designers.

The presence of aggregate greatly increases the robustness of concrete above that of cement, which otherwise is a brittle material and thus concrete is a true composite material.

Redistribution of aggregates after compaction often creates inhomogeneity due to the influence of vibration. This can lead to strength gradients.

CONCRETE MINERAL ADMIXTURES & BLENDED CEMENTS

There are inorganic materials that also have pozzolanic or latent hydraulic properties. These very fine-grained materials are added to the concrete mix to improve the properties of concrete [mineral admixtures], or as a replacement for Portland cement (blended cements).

Fly ash: A by-product of coal-fired electric generating plants, it is used to partially replace Portland cement [by up to 60% by mass]. The properties of fly ash depend on the type of coal burnt. In general, siliceous fly ash is pozzolanic, while calcareous fly ash has latent hydraulic properties.

Ground granulated blast furnace slag [GGBFS or GGBS]: A by-product of steel production is used to partially replace Portland cement [by up to 80% by mass]. It has latent hydraulic properties.

Silica fume: A by-product of the production of silicon and ferrosilicon alloys. Silica fume is similar to fly ash, but has a particle size 100 times smaller. This results in a higher surface to volume ratio and a much faster pozzolanic reaction. Silica fume is used to increase strength and durability of concrete, but generally requires the use of superplasticizers for workability.

High reactivity Metakaolin [HRM]: Metakaolin produces concrete with strength and durability similar to concrete made with silica fume. While silica fume is usually dark gray or black in color, high-reactivity metakaolin is usually bright white in color, making it the preferred choice for architectural concrete where appearance is important.

CONCRETE DEGREDATION

Concrete can be damaged by many processes, such as the expansion of corrosion products of the steel reinforcement bars, freezing of trapped water, fire or radiant heat, aggregate expansion, sea water effects, bacterial corrosion, leaching, erosion by fast-flowing water, physical damage and chemical damage [from carbonation, chlorides, sulfates and distillate water].

CONCRETE IN SUPPORT OF FIRE SAFETY

Concrete buildings are more resistant to fire than those constructed using wood or steel frames, since concrete does not burn. Concrete reduces the risk of structural collapse and is an effective fire shield, providing safe means of escape for occupants and protection for fire fighters.

Options for non-combustible construction include floors, ceilings and roofs made of cast-in-place and hollow-core precast concrete. For walls, concrete masonry technology and Insulating Concrete Forms [ICFs] are additional options. ICFs are hollow blocks or panels made of fire-proof insulating foam that are stacked to form the shape of the walls of a building and then filled with reinforced concrete to create the structure.

Concrete also provides the best resistance of any building material to high winds, hurricanes, tornadoes due to its lateral stiffness that results in minimal horizontal movement.

We offer standard colors and custom powder blends. The powder pigments are packaged in 50 lb. bags and in bulk sacks. Our Mix-Ready® line offers smaller packaging options. Many of our pigments are made from recycled material. In fact, sixty [60%] percent of the iron oxide pigment’s content is made from recycled materials.

AQUEOUS PIGMENT DISPERSIONS [APD]

Aqueous pigment dispersions are nothing new at Davis Colors™. In fact, we have been formulating liquid-based pigments since 1960 for paint and coating manufacturers. But we waited until now to introduce Hydrotint®, our new aqueous pigment dispersions especially formulated for colored concrete. That's because Davis Colors™ is committed to "Setting the Standard in Concrete Colors™". A liquid color had to prove itself as reliable and effective as our dry pigments before we could put the Davis Colors™ name on it."

ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS

PORTE COCHERE

FRENCH Porte Cochere [Coach Door]

In Western Architecture, either one of two elements found in large public and private buildings, popular in the late Renaissance and Renaissance revival periods of architectural design.

A Porte Cochere, as the French name implies, was originally an entrance or gateway to a building large enough to permit a coach to be driven through it into the interior court beyond.

These gateways are common features of homes and palaces built in the grand and elegant style of Kings Louis XIV and XV of France.

Later, the term was applied to a porch roof built over a driveway at the entrance to a building [usually known as the carriage porch]. This roof had to be large enough to accommodate a carriage or other wheeled vehicle, since its purpose was to provide shelter for those getting in or out of the vehicle.

LOGGIA VERNACULAR APPLICATION

LOGGIA

Loggia is the name given to an architectural feature, originally of Italian design. They are often a gallery or corridor at ground level, sometimes higher, on the facade of a building and open to the air on one side, where it is supported by columns or pierced openings in the wall.

The loggia can also be an alternative to the portico. In this form it is mostly described as a recessed portico, or an internal room, with pierced walls and open to the elements. Occasionally a loggia is placed at the second floor level, above a loggia on the main floor; this is known as a 'double loggia'. Loggias sometimes were given significance in a facade by being surmounted by a pediment.

The main difference between a loggia and a portico is the role within the functional layout of the building. The portico allows access to the inside from the exterior, and can be found on vernacular and small scale buildings. The loggia is accessed only from inside, making it a place for leisure.

Thus, it is found mainly on noble residences and public buildings.

COURTYARD VERNACULAR APPLICATION

ATRIA

In modern architecture, an atrium [plural: atria] is a large open space, often several stories high and having a glazed roof and/or large windows, often situated within a larger multistory building and often located immediately beyond the main entrance doors. Atria are a popular design feature because they give their buildings "a feeling of space and light." Fire control is an important aspect of contemporary atrium design due to criticism that poorly designed atria could allow fire to spread to a building's upper stories more quickly.

COURTYARD

Courtyards—private open spaces surrounded by walls or buildings—have been in use in architecture for almost as long as people have lived in constructed dwellings. The earliest known courtyard houses were built in Iran and China and date as far back as 3000 BC.

Courtyards have historically been used for many purposes including cooking, sleeping, working, playing, gardening, and even places to keep animals.

Before courtyards, open fires were kept burning in a central place within a home, with only a small hole in the ceiling overhead to allow smoke to escape. Over time, these small openings were enlarged and eventually led to the development of the centralized open courtyard we know today. Courtyard homes have been designed and built throughout the world with many variations.

Courtyard structures are more prevalent in temperate climates, as an open central court can be an important aid to cooling in warm weather. However, courtyard structures have been found in harsher climates as well for centuries. The comforts offered by a courtyard—air, light, privacy, security, and tranquility—are properties nearly universally desired in human habitation.

More and more, architects are investigating ways that courtyards can play a role in the development of today's structures and cities.

In densely populated areas, a courtyard in a home can provide privacy for a family, a break from the frantic pace of everyday life, and a safe place for children to play. With space at a premium, architects are experimenting with courtyards as a way to provide outdoor space for small communities of people at a time. A courtyard surrounded by twelve [12] houses, for example, would provide a shared park-like space for those families, who could take pride in ownership of the space. Though this might sound like a modern-day solution to an inner city problem, the grouping of houses around a shared courtyard was common practice among the Incas as far back as the 13th century BC.

Proposed Enriched Surface Area Detail at the Resort's Entry Monument [Signage] Station
and at Selective Roadway and Pedestrian Crossings

SITE DEVELOPMENT

APPLICATIONS AND METHODOLOGIES

CEMENTITIOUS SURFACES
SEGMENTAL, SEMIPERVIOUS & INTERLOCKING

A special type of paverstone referred to as an “interlocking concrete paver” or also a segmental paver has emerged over the last couple of decades in the United States as a very popular alternative to brick, clay or concrete.

Segmental pavers have been used for thousands of years. The Romans built roads with them that are still there. But it wasn’t until the mid 1940’s that pavers began to be produced out of concrete. It started in Holland where all the roads are made to be flexible because Holland is below sea level and the ground shifts, moves and sinks. Poured concrete is not an option because it will crack. Individual units not set in concrete placed in sand perform far better than concrete. Before the paver was made from concrete either real stone or a clay product had to be employed.

The first concrete pavers were shaped just like a brick, four [4”] inches by eight [8”] inches and they were called Holland Stones and still are today. These units turned out to be far more economical to produce and were exceedingly strong.

How Interlocking Pavers Interlock

When one thinks of interlocking paving stones one often gets the idea of dog bone shape stones that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle. That is not the case at all. The interlocking comes from the fact that each stone can NOT move independently from its neighbor. In fact there are two important aspects of an interlocking paving stone job that keeps the pavers interlocked.

The first is the sand. As simple as this might seem the sand creates the interlock. Not any sand though, it must be a sharp angular sand [also called Joint Sand and Polymeric Sand] that will lock together. If you filled the joints between the pavers with silica sand, each particle is perfectly round, it’s like putting ball bearing between the pavers and they WILL then be able to move independent of the stone next to them. Pavers are made with a small ridge on the side of each one so there is space for the sand.

The second important aspect is the edge restraints [the border that is holding the pavers together]. Since they are sitting in sand not mortar if the edge is not held firmly in place they could start to spread apart. This would create larger and larger opening between the pavers that would eventually be so wide that there would no longer be friction between the stones. With the second condition in place you have now created interlock.

REPRESENTATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL SCHEMA STUDY

COLOR IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

Color can have a profound psychological and physiological impact on the human experience, and in particular on users of the built environment. The goal of the TBNC Collaboration is to use color in a more effective way and to create more human, user-supportive environments through the educated application of color.

Exteriors Color and architecture go hand in hand.

Form first reaches the human eye through color, and as a characteristic of perception, cannot be separated from form. Color is the language of form, and is also the language of emotions. As the architect Professor Sune Lindstrom pointed out, "With every particular architectural product is the spontaneous emotional reaction that is of importance to us".

Through exterior color we influence our townscape and interact with our surroundings by way of the cultural associations, as well as the emotional associations of color

.

Exterior Architectural Colors:

• Modulates a building's appearance and bring it into harmony with it's surroundings
• Differentiates, contains, unites, equalizes, and accentuates structural elements and amenities
• Compliments a building to appear pleasant, well proportioned, stimulating and inviting
• Affirms individuality to buildings that exhibit the same or similar design

Restaurants and food service establishments business success rests on four conditions: food, service, price and restaurant's ambiance. As long as food and service are good and the price is fair, the more inviting restaurant will always be more successful.

The more inviting restaurant is the one that arouses the appetite through multi-sensory stimulation.

Studies show that color appetence behavior is stimulated and dependent on smell, the thought of food, and most of all by sight - "We eat with our eyes," as the saying goes. Therefore the uses of color in restaurant design should emphasis color's psychological association with appetite, as well as smell.

Color may be used to stimulate the appetite, as well as present the desired restaurant image such as: chic bistro, family restaurant, or fast food establishment. Psychological appeal, distinction, the feeling of harmony and sense of identity are always linked to products that sell, and that also applies to food service establishments as well.

BUILT ENVIRONMENT COMFORT AND ENJOYMENT

The pace of modern life is fast and stressful and requires that today's built environment provide rest and relaxation.

What constitutes 'rest and relaxation' for one person might be different for another. When planning colors for a living and/or activity space the color designer should explore the individual clients personality, his or her relationship to color and his or her response to visual stimulation, as well as considering lifestyle needs.

Designing a personal living / activity space demands the utmost knowledge of "color psychology" because color is a key element in personalizing the living and built environment. The designer, trained in color psychology, is able to gain greater understanding of his or her client and apply that knowledge to the color design. Color's psychological effects can then interact with the individual personality and support the function of each space within the built environment.

Aviara Office Centre

ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING

Environmental Planning concerns itself with the decision making processes where they are required for managing relationships that exist within and between natural systems and human systems. Environmental Planning endeavours to manage these processes in an effective, orderly, transparent and equitable manner for the benefit of all constituents within such systems for the present and for the future. Present day Environmental Planning Practices are the result of continuous refinement and expansion of the scope of such decision making processes.

The environmental planning assessments encompass areas such as land use, socioeconomics, transportation, economic and housing characteristics, air quality and air pollution, noise pollution, the wetlands, habitat of the endangered species, flood zones susceptibility, coastal zones erosion, and visual studies among others, and is referred to as an Integrated Environmental Planning Assessment [IEPA].

In the United States, for any project, environmental planners deal with a full range of environmental regulations from federal to state and city levels, administered federally by the Environmental Protection Agency [EPA].

A rigorous environmental process has to be undertaken to examine the impacts and possible mitigation of any construction project. Depending on the scale and impact of the project, an extensive environmental review is known as an Environmental Impact Statement [EIS], and the less extensive version is Environmental Assessment [EA]. Procedures follow guidelines from National Environmental Policy Act [NEPA], State Environmental Quality Review Act [SEQRA] and/or City Environmental Quality Review [CEQR], and other related federal or state agencies published regulations.

The Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP) is a non-profit organization of interdisciplinary professionals including environmental science, resource management, environmental planning and other professions contributing to this field. AEP is the first organization of its kind in the USA, and its influence and model have spawned numerous other regional organizations throughout the United States. Its mission is to improve the technical skills of members, and the organization is dedicated to "the enhancement, maintenance and protection of the natural and human environment". From inception in the mid 1970s the organization has been closely linked with the maintenance of the California Environmental Quality Act [CEQA], due to California being one of the first states to adopt a comprehensive legal framework to govern the environmental review of public policy and project review.

7040 AVENIDA ENCINAS · SUITE 104.299
CARLSBAD · CALIFORNIA 92011.4652

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