Hypericum perforatum

Hypericum perforatum, known as Perforate St John's-wort,Common Saint John's wort and St John's wort, is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. The common name "St John's wort" may be used to refer to any species of the genus Hypericum. Therefore, Hypericum perforatum is sometimes called "Common St John's wort" or "Perforate St John's wort" in order to differentiate it. It is a medicinal herb with antidepressant activity and potent anti-inflammatory properties as an arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and COX-1 inhibitor.

Botanical description

Hypericum perforatum is native to parts of Europe and Asia but has spread worldwide as a cosmopolitaninvasiveweed, including to temperate regions of India, China, Canada, Africa, and the United States.

The common name "St John's wort" comes from its traditional flowering and harvesting on St John's day, 24 June. The genus name Hypericum is derived from the Greek words hyper (above) and eikon (picture), in reference to the tradition of hanging plants over religious icons in the home during St John's day, to ward off evil.

Luglienga

Luglienga (also known as Lignan blanc and Seidentraube) is a white Italian wine and table grapevariety that is grown across Europe. The grape has a long history of use, dating back to at least the 14th century in Piedmont but is today most seen a table grape that is occasionally used for home winemaking.

History and relationship to other grapes

The first written documentation of Luglienga dates back to 1329 where it was listed under the old synonym Luglienchis growing in the Piedmont wine region of northwest Italy. Ampelographers believe that the name is derived from the ItalianLuglio which means July and could be a reference to the grape's tendency to ripen early in the growing season. The French synonym Jouanenc, derived from juin meaning June also seems to support the grape's reputation as an early ripening variety.

Wort

Production

The first step in wort production is to make malt from dried, sproutedbarley. The malt is then run through a roller mill and cracked. This cracked grain is then mashed, that is, mixed with hot water and steeped, a slow heating process that enables enzymes to convert the starch in the malt into sugars. At set intervals, most notably when the mixture has reached temperatures of 45, 62 and 73°C (113, 144 and 163°F), the heating is briefly halted. The temperature of the mixture is usually increased to 78°C (172°F) for mashout. Lautering is the next step, which means the sugar-extracted grist or solids remaining in the mash are separated from the liquid wort. In homebrewing, the malt-making and mashing steps can be skipped by adding malt extract to water.

The mixture is then boiled to sanitize the wort and, in the case of most beer production, to extract the bittering, flavour and aroma from hops. In beer making, the wort is known as "sweet wort" until the hops have been added, after which it is called "hopped or bitter wort". The addition of hops is generally done in three parts at set times. The bittering hops, added first, are boiled in the wort for approximately one hour to one and a half hours. This long boil extracts resins, which provides the bittering. Then, the flavouring hops are added, typically 15 minutes from the end of the boil. The finishing hops are added last, toward the end of or after the boil. This extracts the oils, which provide flavour and aroma but evaporate quickly. In general, hops provide the most flavouring when boiled for approximately 15 minutes, and the most aroma when not boiled at all.

List of wort plants

This is an alphabetical listing of wort plants, meaning plants that employ the syllable wort in their English-language common names.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary's Ask Oxford site, "A word with the suffix -wort is often very old. The Old English word was wyrt, from Proto-Indo-European origins that connect it to root. It was often used in the names of herbs and plants that had medicinal uses, the first part of the word denoting the complaint against which it might be specially efficacious...By the middle of the 17th-century -wort was beginning to fade from everyday use.

The Naturalist Newsletter states, "Wort derives from the Old English wyrt, which simply meant plant. The word goes back even further, to the common ancestor of English and German, to the Germanic wurtiz. Wurtiz also evolved into the modern German word Wurzel, meaning root."

Saint John

Supper time in the holeSupper time in the holeI shame my family, shame my homeSupper timeOld Saint John on death rowHe's just waiting for a pardonOld Saint John on death rowHe's just waiting for a pardonOld Saint John on death rowHe's just waiting for a pardonOld Saint John on death rowHe's just waitingAll the white boys in the stay pressed slacksThey're home for the summer from collegeStaying out late, getting rowdy at the barAnd looking for trouble uptownThey come up my block, 'bout 5 or 6 of themSmashing their bottles in the gutterYelling all kinds of obscenitiesAbout woman and God and lawAnother supper time in the holeSupper timeI shame my family, shame my homeSupper timeA young girl turned the corner with a clerk dress onThat girl was my sisterJust got off the night shift at Pennington's PlaceJust wanna go home and get some sleepButch grabbed her by the waist with the caffeine eyesThe hands all [Incomprehensible]I picked up a brick from my papa's front yardAnd threw it at the tallest boy's faceWell, blood was streaming like a well that sprungI couldn't believe what I had just doneWell, the other boy ran and this one stayedOn the ground and he would never move againOld Saint John on death rowHe's just waiting for a pardonOld Saint John on death rowHe's just waiting for a pardonAll us boys on death rowWe're just waiting for a pardonAll us boys on death rowYours truly on trial, I testifyI gotta keep on running 'til the well runs dryYours truly on trial, I testifyI gotta keep on running 'til the well runsYours truly on trial, I testifyI gotta keep on running 'til the well runs dryYours truly on trial, I testify

Hypericum perforatum

Hypericum perforatum, known as Perforate St John's-wort,Common Saint John's wort and St John's wort, is a flowering plant in the family Hypericaceae. The common name "St John's wort" may be used to refer to any species of the genus Hypericum. Therefore, Hypericum perforatum is sometimes called "Common St John's wort" or "Perforate St John's wort" in order to differentiate it. It is a medicinal herb with antidepressant activity and potent anti-inflammatory properties as an arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor and COX-1 inhibitor.

Botanical description

Hypericum perforatum is native to parts of Europe and Asia but has spread worldwide as a cosmopolitaninvasiveweed, including to temperate regions of India, China, Canada, Africa, and the United States.

The common name "St John's wort" comes from its traditional flowering and harvesting on St John's day, 24 June. The genus name Hypericum is derived from the Greek words hyper (above) and eikon (picture), in reference to the tradition of hanging plants over religious icons in the home during St John's day, to ward off evil.

The fancy-leaved and colorful summer caladium may be selected now for planting once nights become warmer and days appear to be summer-like ...Plant the caladium tuber in moderately rich, well-prepared soil in a shaded or partially shaded location ... Examples of shrubs that bloom on current season's growth, include glossy abelia, butterfly bush, shrub althea, hills of snow, saint-johns-wort, crape myrtle, bush rose and chaste tree ... RELATED ... ....