This is the diagram from the patent of the
first submarine shaped kazoo, which was issued to George D. Smith, May
27, 1902.
It included many inovative improvements to the kazoo.

I don't know if any
exactly like these were produced.
Most of the modern ones simplify the design to varying degrees,
frequently doing away with some of the important improvements.

The
parts are connects by folding and crimping, rather than soldering.
This is the way the modern metal ones I have seen are put
together also.
The diagrams show three different variations on the method of holding
the diaphragm Figs. 2 & 3, Fig.6, and Fig. 7.
See also How a kazoo
works--Smith's Submarine

For confining and controlling external air-vibrations
produced by the diaphragm.
Because it is threaded, it can be adjusted in and out varying the
tension of the membrane to accomidate voices of different pitch and to
compensate for the membrane absorbing moisture from the player's breath.

lid, top,

F

Diaphragm

In Figures 2, 3 & 6 the diaphragm is on the bottom of the
ring L.
In Figure7 the diaphragm is on top of the ring L

membrane, resonator

G

Outlet opening

The necessary opening for some of the air to escape as the
player's breath enters through the mouth piece.

H

Flange

Annularly inward projecting flange. The end of the rear most
end of the body, bends down thereby decreasing the size of the
exist hole further.

I

Hole

Hole in body that the sound comes through to vibrate the
diaphragm.

J

Flange

Being conical provides an inclined annular bearing-seat for
the diaphragm holding ring.

K

Threaded trumpet holding ring

Attached to the body, the diaphragm holding ring, is placed
in it. The trumpet/funnel is screwed into the holding ring
to keep the resonator in place and under the correct tension.

L

Diaphragm holding annulas or ring

The diaphragm is glued to it to keep it at the proper tension.

cardboard ring, resonator ring, diaphragm
ring

L3

Flat Flange

The diaphragm holding ring sits here and is held by the
trumpet threaded into the holding ring.

M

Flange (Figures 2, 3 & 6 only)

Inwardly projectly inclined flange, which bears on the
diaphragm ring

N

Inside downwardly inclined edge washer (Figure
7
only)

Only the inner edge of the washer touches and holds the
diaphragm ring.

O

Outside upwardly inclined edge washer (Figure 7
only)

Only the inner edge of the washer touches and holds the
diaphragm ring.