Disclaimer/Copyright Information

This web site is provided as a public service by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI), an element of the United States Department of Defense. Unless otherwise indicated, information presented on the site is considered public information and may be distributed or copied. Use of appropriate byline/photo/image credits is requested. Any copyrighted text or image is used with the permission of the author(s) and publisher(s). Such information is clearly identified as "used with permission" and may not be further distributed or copied without the permission of the original author(s) and publishers(s).

For site management, information is collected for statistical purposes. This government computer system uses software programs to create summary statistics, which are used for such purposes as assessing what information is of most and least interest, determining technical design specifications, and identifying system performance or problem areas.

For site security purposes and to ensure that this service remains available to all users, this government computer system employs software programs to monitor network traffic to identify unauthorized attempts to upload or change information or otherwise cause damage.

Except for authorized law enforcement investigations, no other attempts are made to identify individual users or their usage habits. Raw data logs are used for no other purposes and are scheduled for regular destruction in accordance with National Archives and Records Administration guidelines.

Unauthorized attempts to upload information or change information on this site are strictly prohibited and may be punishable under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the National Information Infrastructure Protection Act.

External hyperlinks on this site are provided as a service to visitors to our site and are selected based on their consistency with the purpose of our site; AFRRI accepts no remuneration for such links. The links do not constitute U.S. government, Defense Department, or AFRRI endorsement of linked Web sites or of the information, products, or services contained therein. AFRRI exercises no editorial control over the information you may find at linked sites.

Documents available from this site were prepared as an account of work sponsored by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute. Neither the United States government nor any of its employees make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. Reference to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not constitute nor imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors do not necessarily state nor reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof.

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AFRRI viewers should be aware that commercial search engines that list links to AFRRI Web site pages may display advertisements labeled, for example, "sponsored links" or "sponsored sites." Such advertising is the product of the commercial search engine owner and is in no way generated by or associated with AFRRI.

Copyright information

Some information products on the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) web site are copyrighted and used by AFRRI according to permission granted by the copyright owners. Viewers’ further use of the copyrighted works is contrary to copyright laws; you should contact the copyright owner(s) directly to obtain permission. To identify the copyright owners, see information in the individual products.

Other information and many of the products, including digital products, were produced for the U.S. government by its officers and employees as part of their official duties and are not subject to U.S. copyright protection. Such work is considered to be in the public domain. If you use AFRRI-produced information or products further, we request that you include the following attribution: "Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute" or "AFRRI." Images used on the AFRRI web site are low-resolution and not suitable for print and display products.