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Ethel Thomas Herold (1896-1988) was an ordinary person caught in extraordinary circumstances, a woman whose sense of patriotic duty took her from Wisconsin to the Philippines in 1922. There, she would spend next thirty-seven years, including three in a Japanese internment camp during World War II. Theresa Kaminski uses Ethel's experiences of war and imperialism to explore how those enormous forces helped shape Americans' notions of citizenship and patriotism in the first half of the twentieth century. As Kaminski's narrative reveals, Ethel's views of active patriotism began to form when her oldest brother became a schoolteacher in Philippines in 1901 after the Spanish-American War. After college and marriage, Ethel and her husband Elmer Herold went to the islands to teach in the public schools, a way to spread American ideals abroad. She quit teaching in 1927 to start a family but continued to support U.S. imperialism through her colonial household and club work. Her comfortable expatriate life fell apart when Japanese attacked the Philippines in 1941: the colonial elite were now powerless prisoners. After the war, wishing to help the people who had supported them during the occupation, Ethel and Elmer Herold stayed in the islands, but after Philippine independence came in 1946, they found themselves strangers. In 1959 the couple returned to Wisconsin, where Ethel remained politically active and saw the solution to America's Cold War problems in conservative wing of Republican Party. Ethel Thomas Herold's forceful personality, marked notably by her strongly held views on patriotism and citizenship, her transpacific life offers a remarkable instance of how personal and political came together during the "American century."Read more...

The formative years of a female citizen --
Citizenship and patriotism during the Great War --
An American citizen in the colonial Philippines --
Enemy alien : citizenship and patriotism in the occupied Philippines --
Postcolonialism : an American citizen in the independent Philippines --
The return of the expatriate.

Abstract:

Ethel Thomas Herold (1896-1988) was an ordinary person caught in extraordinary circumstances, a woman whose sense of patriotic duty took her from Wisconsin to the Philippines in 1922. There, she would spend next thirty-seven years, including three in a Japanese internment camp during World War II. Theresa Kaminski uses Ethel's experiences of war and imperialism to explore how those enormous forces helped shape Americans' notions of citizenship and patriotism in the first half of the twentieth century. As Kaminski's narrative reveals, Ethel's views of active patriotism began to form when her oldest brother became a schoolteacher in Philippines in 1901 after the Spanish-American War. After college and marriage, Ethel and her husband Elmer Herold went to the islands to teach in the public schools, a way to spread American ideals abroad. She quit teaching in 1927 to start a family but continued to support U.S. imperialism through her colonial household and club work. Her comfortable expatriate life fell apart when Japanese attacked the Philippines in 1941: the colonial elite were now powerless prisoners. After the war, wishing to help the people who had supported them during the occupation, Ethel and Elmer Herold stayed in the islands, but after Philippine independence came in 1946, they found themselves strangers. In 1959 the couple returned to Wisconsin, where Ethel remained politically active and saw the solution to America's Cold War problems in conservative wing of Republican Party. Ethel Thomas Herold's forceful personality, marked notably by her strongly held views on patriotism and citizenship, her transpacific life offers a remarkable instance of how personal and political came together during the "American century."