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Tyrosine is one of the major targets of protein oxidation. Dityrosine (DT) is known to be formed when tyrosine is damaged by free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), metal-catalyzed oxidation, ultraviolet irradiation, and peroxidases. Dityrosine has been found in atherosclerotic lesions, and lipofuscin of pyramidal neurons of aged human brains. Dityrosine is a specific biomarker for protein oxidation. Dityrosine is reported to exist in various tissues and was also recently detected in urine samples. It is expected to be a novel protein oxdation marker, which is non-invasively detectable.