To make xenobiotics (substances that weren't produced in the body) more polar so that they can be easily excreted by the body.

Name 2 phase one CYP reactions

Name 2 phase one non-CYP reactions

OxidationHydrolysis

Name two conjugations

Amino acidsGlucuronidationsulphationacetylationmethylationFatty acids

17

What is the name of the amino acid that conjugates with the toxic metabolite NAPQI in paracetamol metabolism?

Glutathione

18

What happens in paracetamol overdose?

More paracetamol is shunted to the phase 1 (CYP450) pathway to produce NAPQI. The liver's supply of glutathione becomes depleted and so NAPQI isn't converted into its non-toxic form. It reacts with cellular membrane molecules of hepatocytes and causes liver damage (necrosis) or even death by acute liver failure.