Endurance training improves exercise performance and insulin sensitivity, and these effects may be in part mediated by an enhanced fat oxidation. Since n-3 and n-9 unsaturated fatty acids may also increase fat oxidation, we hypothesised that a diet enriched in these fatty acids may enhance the effects of endurance training ...

The obese are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, some who are obese have no metabolic abnormalities. So, it is not adipose tissue per se, but perhaps where it is located that is important for determining metabolic consequences. Regular exercise is known to reduce risk ...

The 'Distressed' or Type-D personality is described by the interaction between high levels of negative affectivity and social inhibition. This study investigated the prevalence of Type-D personality in men of different exercise status, the association between Type-D and body image perceptions, and the moderating effect of exercise status. Participants were ...

Endurance training at an intensity eliciting maximal fat oxidation may have a beneficial effect on body weight and glucose metabolism in obese patients. However, the exercise intensity at which maximal fat oxidation occurs and the factors limiting fat oxidation are not well studied in this population. Obese, otherwise healthy men ...

We sought to describe the design of the Active Lifestyle and Sports Participation (ALSP) intervention for adolescents and young adults with physical disabilities, and to present the first 2 cases. A 17-year-old boy with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus and a 23-year-old woman with unilateral cerebral palsy were enrolled into the ALSP ...

The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in body fat mass of previously sedentary, deconditioned subjects who began following the U.S. Surgeon General's recommendation in frequency of exercise. Ninety subjects of both sexes were recruited; ages ranged from 22 to 74 (mean 37.5 +/- 13) years. Subjects ...

Jenkins Nathan T NT Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611, - - 2010

Perilipins are lipid droplet-coating proteins that regulate intracellular lipolysis in adipocytes. A haplotype of two perilipin gene (PLIN) single nucleotide polymorphisms, 13041A>G and 14995A>T, has been previously associated with obesity risk. Furthermore, the available data indicate that this association may be modified by sex. We hypothesized that this haplotype would ...

Fat oxidation during exercise is increased by endurance training, and evidence suggests that fat oxidation during exercise is impaired in obesity. Thus the primary aim of this study was to compare the acute effects of exercise on 24-h fat oxidation and fat balance in lean sedentary [LS, n = 10, ...

The purpose of this study was to determine what effect aerobic and resistance exercise training has on gain of visceral fat during the year following weight loss. After being randomly assigned to aerobic training, resistance training, or no exercise training, 45 European-American (EA) and 52 African-American (AA) women lost 12.3 ...

Drive for muscularity (DM) is associated with anabolic steroid and supplement use, exercise dependence, eating pathology, and low self-esteem. However, only one study has examined how anthropometric measures are related to DM. To extend previous research, and to clarify the relationship between DM and anthropometric indices, 113 college-aged men completed ...

High-kilocalorie feedings induce oxidative stress. Acute exercise has the potential to attenuate postprandial oxidative stress. No study has determined whether there are racial differences in postprandial oxidative stress with and without a preceding bout of acute exercise. PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of acute exercise on blood oxidative-stress biomarkers, triglycerides ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a resistance exercise bout on percent body fat (%BF) measured by leg-to-leg and segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis (LBIA; SBIA) in adults. Eighty-six volunteers (45 women; 41 men) reported to the weight training facility on 2 separate occasions. After an ...

PURPOSE: No known previous research has been published to explore the efficacy of underwater treadmill (UTM) exercise training for the obese. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare changes in physical fitness, body weight, and body composition in physically inactive, overweight, and obese adults after 12 wks of ...

Research in Western populations has demonstrated a gender effect on substrate metabolism during exercise. Women have been shown to use more lipid and less carbohydrate as energy sources during endurance exercise, compared with their male counterparts. Nutritional status influences fuel utilization during exercise. Thai men and women routinely ingest a ...

The rise in obesity-related morbidity in children and adolescents requires urgent prevention and treatment strategies. Currently, only limited data are available on the effects of exercise programs on insulin resistance, and visceral, hepatic, and intramyocellular fat accumulation. We hypothesized that a 12-week controlled aerobic exercise program without weight loss reduces ...

BACKGROUND: Exercise could contribute to weight loss by altering the sensitivity of the appetite regulatory system. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 12 wk of mandatory exercise on appetite control. DESIGN: Fifty-eight overweight and obese men and women [mean (+/-SD) body mass index (in ...

The purposes of this study were to determine the relationships among pull-ups, lat-pull repetitions, and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) lat-pull in elite women swimmers and to assess the effect of various anthropometric dimensions on each exercise. Women members (n = 28) of an elite National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model (sine model, SIN) to describe fat oxidation kinetics as a function of the relative exercise intensity [% of maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2max)] during graded exercise and to determine the exercise intensity (Fatmax) that elicits maximal fat oxidation (MFO) ...

The present study aimed to examine the effects of a prior 1-hour continuous exercise bout (CONT) at an intensity (Fat(max)) that elicits the maximal fat oxidation (MFO) on the fat oxidation kinetics during a subsequent submaximal incremental test (IncrC). Twenty moderately trained subjects (9 men and 11 women) performed a ...

From the standpoint of promoting leanness, exercise is of most value if oxidation of stored fat is maximized during and following the exercise sessions. Bahadori has proposed that this can best be achieved if prolonged exercise of moderate intensity is performed during a 12-14 h "mini-fast" that entails skipping a ...

PURPOSE: 1) To examine the effect of a 12-wk endurance exercise training program on RMR and 2) to provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for alterations in RMR that may occur after exercise training. METHODS: Male participants (19-32 yr) in an exercise group (EX; n = 9) performed jogging and/or ...

The effects of a physical exercise session on state body image and mood were examined. In a cross-over design, participants were randomised to two groups starting either with physical exercise (PE; experimental condition) or with reading a newspaper (RN; control condition). Before and after PE and RN, participants (N = ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 12-month moderate-to-vigorous exercise program combining aerobic and muscle strength training on body composition among sedentary, postmenopausal women. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 189 sedentary postmenopausal women (age 50-69 y, body mass index 22-40 ...

Fat loss in response to exercise training varies between individuals, even when differences in compliance to the exercise program are accounted for. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individual variation in change in fasting respiratory quotient (RQ) after exercise training contributes to this interindividual variability. Fifty-five premenopausal ...

The fat mass (FM) and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is the first obesity-susceptibility gene identified by genome-wide association scans and confirmed in several follow-up studies. Homozygotes for the risk allele (A/A) have 1.67 times greater risk of obesity than those who do not have the allele. However, it is not known ...

When physicians advise patients to attain more physical activity, they usually recommend a walking program. However, in a similar way to no exercise, those embarking on a walking program will typically lose 4 to 6 lb of lean weight and reduce their resting metabolic rate 2% to 3% every decade. ...

AIMS: A decrement in blood glucose (BG) may be observed in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) when exercise is performed after a meal, in contrast to fasting. We determined the impact of different pre-exercise meal macronutrient compositions with modulation of the glycaemic index (GI) on glucose regulation during exercise ...

The major fuel for exercising muscle at low exercise intensities is fat. To investigate the role of fat metabolism in McArdle disease (also known as glycogen storage disease type V), an inborn error of muscle glycogenolysis, by manipulating free fatty acid availability for oxidation during exercise. Randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. ...

Exercise has beneficial effects on chronic disease, and the drive to understand the mechanisms of these benefits is strong. This article presents several compelling potential mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory effect of exercise, including reduced percentage of body fat and macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue, muscle-released interleukin-6 inhibition of tumor necrosis ...

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have long been thought to be lipolytic in nature. Recently, however, increased exposure to GCs in insulin-sensitive tissues has been associated with lipid accumulation and metabolic complications, regardless of plasma concentrations. Intracellular GC action is determined by both 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11betaHSD1) and the GC receptor ...

Triglyceride-rich postprandial lipoproteins are known to activate endothelial cells in vitro, contributing to atherosclerosis. Endothelial microparticles (EMP) are membranous vesicles released into the circulation from vascular endothelial cells that permit cell activation to be monitored in vivo. The objective of the study was to examine changes in EMP following a ...

Despite decades of research into the effects of exercise on fat metabolism, there is still no clear understanding of how exercise helps to regulate fat mass. Although exercise improves the capacity of muscle to oxidize fat, our studies suggest that moderate duration exercise (< or =1 h) has little impact ...

Consuming low-glycemic index (LGI) carbohydrates (CHO) before endurance exercise results in increased fat oxidation during exercise in trained men and women. It is not known if this phenomenon occurs during low intensity exercise and in untrained participants. We examined the effects of breakfasts containing high-GI (HGI) or LGI foods on ...

Little is known about how genetic variation affects the capacity for exercise to change body composition. We examined the extent to which voluntary exercise alters body composition in several lines of selectively bred mice compared to controls. Lines studied included high runner (HR) (selected for high wheel running), M16 (selected ...

AIM: The prevalence of obesity is rising. Because obesity is positively associated with many health related risks and negatively associated with life expectancy this is a threat to public health. Physical exercise is a well known method to lose fat mass. Due to shame of their appearance, bad general condition ...

Given the negative effects of a breast cancer diagnosis and its treatments on body weight and bone mass, we investigated the effects of a 6-month randomized controlled aerobic exercise intervention vs. usual care on body composition in breast cancer survivors. Secondary aims were to examine the effects stratified by important ...

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We sought to determine (1) if 10 months of cardiovascular exercise training (Cardio) reduces CRP in a group of older adults, (2) if such a reduction is related to improvements in trunk fat, fitness, and/or psychosocial variables, and (3) ...