Partners in Progress

Stories of Agency 229's impact in your community

Statewide

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Many farmers in the commonwealth do not have the training or the resources to market their businesses and products. However, they can enhance profits by utilizing budgeting spreadsheets, marketing plans, and websites to streamline their business operations and market to new clientele. Extension has designed classes to help address these needs.

Action: In 2016, the Virginia State University Cooperative Extension Marketing and Agribusiness Program conducted 35 educational programs in partnership with Virginia Cooperative Extension field faculty and others to support limited-resource farmers in several ways. The group helped 12 farmers create their own farm budget spreadsheets; assisted 69 farmers in writing their own marketing plans; worked with 53 farmers to improve their farm market displays; and assisted 19 farmers in creating their business webpages.

Results: As a result of learning new marketing and business skills, 153 participants estimated their on-farm income would be increased a minimum of 10%, or on-farm earnings would be increased a minimum of $1,000. The estimated total participant income increase is $153,000 in the market season after participating in these classes.

Environment

Challenge: Virginia is fortunate to have 46,030 farms and more than 8.3 million acres of farmland. Virginia farmers, in general, have made significant progress in protecting and conserving Virginia's natural resources. But more on-the-ground implementation and farmer participation is still needed moving forward. Presently, 23% of Virginia's farms have implemented some soil and water conservation measure so there is more education and work to be done.

Action: Extension, USDA professionals, and mentor-leader farmers are critical resource people for providing educational and technical assistance and leadership to Virginia farmers seeking to implement conservation practices and adopt environmentally sound production methods.

Results: 141 professionals and mentor-leader farmers participated in one of four trainings and received 1,525 hours of instruction on ecological soil management, cover cropping, conservation pollinators, community-focused food systems, food equity and justice, grassland agriculture, whole farm budgeting, and overall market diversification for meat, milk, vegetable and fruit producers. Extension will continue to provide training and assistance to farmers to help them preserve and protect their livelihood and their land.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: More than 36.5% of adults in the U.S. are obese, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The estimated annual medical cost of obesity in the U.S. was $147 billion in 2008. Additionally, medical costs for people who have obesity were $1,429 higher than those of normal weight. Obesity-related conditions include heart disease, stroke, Type 2 diabetes. and certain types of cancer, some of the leading causes of preventable death. The consumption of more sugars (e.g., high fructose corn syrup, and sucrose) often leads to obesity accompanied by these types of illnesses.

Action: Virginia Tech researchers are working to make healthy sweeteners in order to prevent obesity and diabetes. The production of low-calorie healthy sweetener is becoming more and more important.

Results: The researchers discovered disruptive ways to produce tagatose and arabinose (naturally occurring monosaccharides) from starch and D-xylose. They expect this process to decrease by tenfold the production costs of sweeteners made with these substances, encouraging consumers to be more willing to purchase low-calorie, healthy sweeteners. The proof-of-concept experiments have been conducted, and the team is continuing to improve technologies until product commercialization.

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Challenge: Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in the U.S., and the leading cause of kidney failure, lower-limb amputations, and adult-onset blindness. More than 20% of health care spending is diabetes-related, and the prevalence of diabetes has increased at an alarming rate, soaring by 45% between 2001 and 2010. Currently, there are 29 million U.S. adults living with diabetes, and 86 million with pre-diabetes. Type 2 diabetes, a metabolic disease that causes sugar to collect in the bloodstream, can be caused by obesity, a poor diet, and lack of exercise. Although it is increasingly prevalent, this type of diabetes is largely preventable.

Action: Virginia Tech researchers have discovered that oleuropein, a compound derived from olives, helps the body secrete more insulin, the primary substance in the body that controls metabolism. Oleuropein also inhibits the cytotoxicity induced by amylin amyloid, a hallmark feature of Type 2 diabetes.

Results: This work underscores the benefits of olives and olive-based products such as olive oil. A Mediterranean diet may be a key factor in helping to prevent diabetes. This discovery could also lead to the development of new, affordable nutraceuticals to fight Type 2 diabetes.

Health and Disease

Challenge: Currently, there are 29 million U.S. adults living with diabetes, and 86 million with pre-diabetes. Over half a million Virginia adults were living with diabetes in 2013, with an annual diabetes-related death rate of 18.8%. The primary driver of diabetes, overweight/obesity, is found in 62% of Virginia adults. At the same time, only 20% of adults eat the recommended five daily servings of fruits and vegetables, and only half meet exercise guidelines. There is a critical need for accessible, effective lifestyle-change programs for people with diabetes to alter the trajectory of these statistics.

Action: Extension has formed a unique collaboration with diabetes educators, healthcare organizations, local departments of health, and community organizations to bring diabetes education to resource-limited rural counties in Virginia. The Balanced Living with Diabetes Program is a five-session lifestyle-change program that spans three months and leads participants through a process of developing healthy diet and activity behaviors that result in improved diabetes management.

Results: Sixteen Balanced Living with Diabetes programs were conducted in 15 rural counties last year, and a total of 141 Virginia residents participated in these programs statewide. Participants ranged in age from 24 to 87 years. The majority (70%) had less than a college education and an annual income of less than $40,000 (55%). Most were either diabetic or pre-diabetic. Of the 62 participants who provided follow-up information, 15 (24%) showed clinically significant improvement of their blood sugar, measured by a reduction in hemoglobin. Weight control is also very important for the control of diabetes.

A total of 61% of participants who provided follow-up information lost weight, with an average weight loss of 6.9 pounds.

These results can be attributed to better health behaviors: 60% of participants reported an increase in their fruit and vegetable consumption, and 52% reported an increase in their weekly exercise. Extension will continue to focus on this successful program that is improving the health of Virginia residents with diabetes — and will also reduce healthcare costs and increase the length and quality of their lives.

Accomack

Economy

Challenge: In the 1960s, Virginia raised 15,000 to 19,000 acres of sweet potatoes with a market value of $5 to $8 million for the state, but this market share was gradually lost in the 1970s. The acreage and production of sweet potato could increase in Virginia since demand and per capita consumption are increasing (46% in the last decade) mainly due to two factors: the perceived nutritional and health attributes, and the availability and convenience of value-added processed products. Therefore, there is potential for small, medium, and large farmers in Virginia, including tobacco farmers, to incorporate sweet potato into rotations that would increase farm income and sustainability.

Action: An Extension specialist secured funds from the Virginia Agricultural Council to determine the feasibility of sweet potato production for fresh and processing markets in Virginia. He surveyed sweet potato farmers throughout Southeast Virginia to characterize production practices and to evaluate crop performance. The survey was administered in collaboration with Extension faculty in Westmoreland County, Virginia Beach, Prince George County, and Dinwiddie County. Trials were conducted to evaluate current commercial varieties and entries from the National Sweet Potato Collaborators Group. In addition, a fertilization study at the Eastern Shore AREC was conducted to update fertilizer requirements under local soil and climatic conditions.

Results: This work generated information about the status of sweet potato production in Virginia, including management practices, irrigation, fertilization, harvest methods, and storage. An economic assessment is in preparation. Sweet potato is grown mainly by small farmers in Virginia, either conventional or organically. Many varieties are grown in Virginia, but management practices differ greatly among farmers. Marketable yield among farmers ranged between 168 and 1,090 50lb-bushel/acre, which is consistent with other states. Estimated gross income ranged roughly between $2,700/acre and $9,000/acre when sold through brokers.

Results suggests that sweet potato production is feasible in Virginia, especially when irrigation is available.

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Challenge: Marine ornamental aquaculture has the potential to enhance the sustainability of rural agriculture through production diversification, new revenue streams, and the creation of new local employment. In order to address this need, Extension was asked to help develop this new sector in Virginia.

Action: Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center faculty leveraged Virginia Sea Grant funding for this work. This funding enabled them to enhance the facility's live feeds production capacity; improve broodstock and larviculture holding and production systems; purchase and spawn broodstock from multiple marine finfish species; develop larviculture production protocols for clownfish; train two new technicians; transfer all production technologies to Mid-Atlantic Aquatic Technology (MAAT), a marine fish farm in Accomack County; and assist with business plan development and cost/revenue analysis.

Results: This work led to a new marine ornamentals division at MAAT. Initial sales in 2016 exceeded 20,000 clownfish into wholesale and local direct markets. Revenues from this division for 2017 are projected to be around $150,000. The company was able to create a 1.5 full-time position and to save another 1.5 full-time position. The company reported that without this new product line and resultant revenues, MAAT would likely have failed as a company in 2016. Local direct sales to eight Virginia aquarium pet stores and one additional regional pet store are providing for a better and more reliable product these outlets can sell to the public. In collaboration with MAAT and Reed Mariculture, a new commercial product was developed for sale to the aquarium hobbyist sector by Reed Mariculture. This product is now sold together with fish from MAAT to help maintain their health and color for the end consumer. This new product will represent significant sales in 2017 and beyond.

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Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Results: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Health and Disease

Challenge: Between 2009 and 2013, the state of Virginia averaged 302 cases of foodborne illness per year. For each confirmed case, there are an estimated 20-38 unconfirmed cases. Therefore, between 6,044 and 11,476 Virginians suffered from foodborne illness each of those years. The estimated economic loss from foodborne illness in Virginia during those years may be between 9.8 and 18.7 million dollars per year. The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and its resulting rules were finalized in 2015, changing the regulatory environment. The marketplace now has more stringent food safety requirements. Growers selling to larger buyer channels and institutions are often required to obtain a Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification audit, and some must comply with FSMA's Produce Safety Rule (PSR). To comply, produce growers must receive specific training authorized by the rule. In contrast, growers selling through direct market channels do not need certification. Regardless of the market outlet requirements and the size of a produce farm, access to food safety education is crucial. Training and resources must be relevant, research-based and geared to particular audience needs.

Results: About 30 growers learned how to conduct an on-farm risk assessment on their farms, identify risks, implement GAP, and begin developing food safety plans, with three growers passing third party audits, thereby opening new markets for their products. Additionally, agents worked closely with Extension specialists to provide 77 growers intermediate or advanced level training related to on-farm and marketplace food safety risks, GAP, and/or safely operating produce packing facilities. Further, gearing up for training growers falling under the FSMA Produce Safety Rule (PSR), 11 presentations about the PSR were delivered to 450 growers, 21 extension agents, and 45 state/county/city officials. Five agents attended the Produce Safety Alliance (PSA) train-the-trainer workshop and became certified PSR trainers, with five additional trainers to be trained in early 2017. Additionally, two specialists became certified lead trainers in 2016.

As a result, 55 growers received training in the PSA curriculum thereby meeting the training requirement for FSMA compliance; multiple trainings throughout the state are planned for 2017. Participants were evaluated for the trainings and mentoring to determine the knowledge and intended behavior changes of participants. Those who completed evaluations said they had benefitted from the hands-on workshops, and their knowledge had increased in terms of identifying on-farm risks and GAP, and the importance of documenting food safety procedures.

Additionally, growers who took the FSMA PSR training completed a pre- and post-test to determine changes in knowledge and understanding. As a result of the training, scores on the post-tests suggested a 33% increase in knowledge gained. While it is too early to measure the longer-term economic or public health impacts of this work, the efforts described here are foundational to building capacity for educational extension and delivering targeted educational programming to a wide range of producer needs. Thus, this multi-leveled approach is cultivating a stronger food safety culture among produce growers in Virginia. Ultimately, Virginia-grown produce will be safer, linked to fewer recalls and foodborne outbreaks, resulting in less economic loss for the state.

Albemarle/Charlottesville

Albemarle/Charlottesville

Environment

Challenge: Forestland owners, 65 years of age and older, own 41% of Virginia's 10.6 million acres of private forestland. High land values and taxes cause many heirs to sell land to meet financial obligations — a major force behind an annual loss of 16,000 forested acres. At this time, Virginia is on the cusp of the largest intergenerational transfer of family forests ever, and landowners need to know how to protect their land. A common barrier to estate planning is a lack of understanding planning tools and resources and not knowing where to start.

Action: To generate awareness of this issue, previous landowner programs have included brief conservation-planning sessions. A 12-hour, in-depth course titled Land Transfer to Generation "NEXT" was piloted in Charlottesville in 2009, and has been presented in Warrenton, Palmyra, Staunton, Farmville, Rockbridge, South Boston, and Orange between 2010 and 2016. The program design draws from national curricula and utilizes local experts to develop new material and initiate participant planning. Specifically, the course utilizes the expertise of private legal and financial professionals, conservation specialists, and extension agents.

The course has been compledted by 235 individuals representing 163 family units.

Results: Results: Following course participation, landowners can better articulate their land-transfer goals and begin planning. Participants indicated that the program would increase the likelihood of their property staying intact (83%), in the family (79%), and in woodland (80%). Follow-up surveys reveal that in the six months following the course, 80% have begun estate planning. Participants estimate an average family savings of $450,000 as a result of this program. As these landowners continue executing their plans, more than 74,000 acres of land is expected to remain open and family-owned. The program has been recognized by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services as one of the most successful land-transition programs, and fellow educators have adopted this model.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Alexandria

Alexandria

Energy

Challenge: Many low-income apartment renters in Arlington frequently struggle to pay their rent and utilities. Even those who live in small one- and two-bedroom apartments are often confronted with electric bills over $100. The residents suspected poor energy efficiency may be the culprit and sought help from Extension.

Action: Extension teamed up with Arlington Thrive, and Arlingtonians for a Clean Environment to assess the problem and to create a program that would train a corps of Energy Masters volunteers to provide weatherization services and energy efficiency education to low-income renters.

Results: To date, Energy Masters volunteers have performed energy- and water-saving retrofits in 655 Arlington and Alexandria apartments. Volunteers have installed 781 faucet aerators, 333 low-flow showerheads, 284 toilet tummies, 8,935 outlet gaskets, 338 power strips, 3,912 compact fluorescent light bulbs, and 522 LEDs. Initial data show that properties have saved an estimated 276,468 kilowatt hours of energy, 8,598,774 gallons of water, and $126,944 in utility costs during the first five years of the program. The program has received five prestigious awards and additional grant money. The Alexandria city government was so impressed that it provided a two-year grant to expand the program.

Alleghany

Alleghany

Environment

Challenge: Positive youth development focuses on targeting life skills that girls and boys need to be successful, contributing members of society. Current studies indicate 56% of children ages 8-12 have a cellphone. According to the Pew Research Center, 86% of Americans currently use the internet and Facebook usage is on the rise. With social media and texting playing a bigger role in how our youth choose to communicate, camping programs allow youth the opportunity to put away technology and connect with each other through face-to-face interactions.

Action: Communication is an essential skill. Youth attending short term residential camping programs are afforded many opportunities to strengthen and develop their communication skills. It is important for girls and boys to be able to talk to their peer, and to adults, and to make new friends. By attending these camping programs, youth develop confidence in sharing their opinions by developing activities, preparing team challenges, and living in a group environment.

Results: Junior 4-H Camp for Alleghany, Augusta, Bath, Highland, and Rockingham was held in July and 346 campers, counselors, and adults attended the week-long residential camp. Out of a total of 37 randomly surveyed Jr. 4-H campers, 91% indicated they would come back next year and 85% of campers were very satisfied, or satisfied with their overall camping experience. Post-camp surveys from the 2016 Junior Camping Program indicated that campers ages 9-13 reported an increase in their ability and comfort in communicating with adults and peers as a result of attending 4-H camp. During camp, 87% of youth felt they could talk to teens and adults. After attending camp, surveys indicated a 14% increase in youth feeling comfortable speaking up when witnessing bullying. These survey results support the hypothesis that 4-H Camp does indeed enhance and increase girls' and boys' confidence in communicating with adults, teens, and their peers.

Amelia

Amelia

Economy

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results: Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Amherst

Amherst

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Appomattox

Appomattox

Economy

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Economy, Environment

Challenge: In 2016, Appomattox County was impacted by an EF-3 tornado with wind speeds up to 165 MPH. The tornado swath was approximately 400 yards wide, and the path of destruction was approximately 13 miles long. The tornado destroyed more than 200 homes and impacted almost 1,900 acres of agricultural land in the county.

Action: Extension immediately collaborated with the local Farm Bureau to utilize proceeds from a truck- and tractor-pull to establish a tornado relief fund to aid farmers impacted by the tornado. Extension also helped applicants obtain the necessary information to apply for assistance.

Results: Five individuals received $7,000 from the Appomattox Farm Bureau Young Farmer Disaster Relief Fund. Although the amount was small in relation to the extent of the damage, the farmers used this support to help cover losses not covered by insurance. The funds were used to assist with tobacco barn construction and numerous repairs to damaged buildings.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Arlington

Arlington

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Responsible forest management practices can bring value to natural areas and to consumers. Virginia's natural resources are a major component of the Standards of Learning (SOLs), and teachers can address SOLs using the forest and forest products as methods to enhance lesson plans and activities.

Action: To enhance teachers' knowledge of forestry issues, a 30-hour professional development field-tour program called Trees to Products was developed. The program was designed to provide teachers with factual information about Virginia's hardwood forests and to link these concepts to the SOLs. Teachers see and learn about the sustainable and renewable resource of trees and how trees are converted into a variety of everyday products.

Results: The 2016 Trees to Products program reached 13 educators (from these cities and counties: Arlington, Craig, Giles, Gloucester, Harrisonburg, Norfolk, Norton, Powhatan, Stafford, Washington, and Wise) who instruct approximately 1,000 students each year. This annual program has been conducted 11 times since 2006 and has reached 119 educators who annually instruct approximately 13,150 students. A post-program evaluation indicated that all teachers would utilize the information gained to improve existing lesson plans and/or create new lesson plans. One hundred percent of the teachers said their students will increase their understanding of Virginia's forests as a renewable natural resource important to the economy. Follow-up surveys and interviews indicate that teachers routinely use the information learned to better explain renewable natural resources and to explain how forest products are made.

Energy

Challenge: Many low-income apartment renters in Arlington frequently struggle to pay their rent and utilities. Even those who live in small one- and two-bedroom apartments are often confronted with electric bills over $100. The residents suspected poor energy efficiency may be the culprit and sought help from Extension.

Action: Extension teamed up with Arlington Thrive, and Arlingtonians for a Clean Environment to assess the problem and to create a program that would train a corps of Energy Masters volunteers to provide weatherization services and energy efficiency education to low-income renters.

Results: To date, Energy Masters volunteers have performed energy- and water-saving retrofits in 655 Arlington and Alexandria apartments. Volunteers have installed 781 faucet aerators, 333 low-flow showerheads, 284 toilet tummies, 8,935 outlet gaskets, 338 power strips, 3,912 compact fluorescent light bulbs, and 522 LEDs. Initial data show that properties have saved an estimated 276,468 kilowatt hours of energy, 8,598,774 gallons of water, and $126,944 in utility costs during the first five years of the program. The program has received five prestigious awards and additional grant money. The Alexandria city government was so impressed that it provided a two-year grant to expand the program.

Augusta

Augusta

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

Reality Store was presented four times in Planning District 6, comprising Augusta, Bath, Highland, and Rockingham counties and Buena Vista, Harrisonburg, Lexington, Staunton, and Waynesboro. There were 562 participants, and 70 volunteers helped conduct the sessions.

Environment

Challenge: Positive youth development focuses on targeting life skills that girls and boys need to be successful, contributing members of society. Current studies indicate 56% of children ages 8-12 have a cellphone. According to the Pew Research Center, 86% of Americans currently use the internet and Facebook usage is on the rise. With social media and texting playing a bigger role in how our youth choose to communicate, camping programs allow youth the opportunity to put away technology and connect with each other through face-to-face interactions.

Action: Communication is an essential skill. Youth attending short term residential camping programs are afforded many opportunities to strengthen and develop their communication skills. It is important for girls and boys to be able to talk to their peer, and to adults, and to make new friends. By attending these camping programs, youth develop confidence in sharing their opinions by developing activities, preparing team challenges, and living in a group environment.

Results: Junior 4-H Camp for Alleghany, Augusta, Bath, Highland, and Rockingham was held in July and 346 campers, counselors, and adults attended the week-long residential camp. Out of a total of 37 randomly surveyed Jr. 4-H campers, 91% indicated they would come back next year and 85% of campers were very satisfied, or satisfied with their overall camping experience. Post-camp surveys from the 2016 Junior Camping Program indicated that campers ages 9-13 reported an increase in their ability and comfort in communicating with adults and peers as a result of attending 4-H camp. During camp, 87% of youth felt they could talk to teens and adults. After attending camp, surveys indicated a 14% increase in youth feeling comfortable speaking up when witnessing bullying. These survey results support the hypothesis that 4-H Camp does indeed enhance and increase girls' and boys' confidence in communicating with adults, teens, and their peers.

— — —

Challenge: Forestland owners, 65 years of age and older, own 41% of Virginia's 10.6 million acres of private forestland. High land values and taxes cause many heirs to sell land to meet financial obligations — a major force behind an annual loss of 16,000 forested acres. At this time, Virginia is on the cusp of the largest intergenerational transfer of family forests ever, and landowners need to know how to protect their land. A common barrier to estate planning is a lack of understanding planning tools and resources and not knowing where to start.

Action: To generate awareness of this issue, previous landowner programs have included brief conservation-planning sessions. A 12-hour, in-depth course titled Land Transfer to Generation "NEXT" was piloted in Charlottesville in 2009, and has been presented in Warrenton, Palmyra, Staunton, Farmville, Rockbridge, South Boston, and Orange between 2010 and 2016. The program design draws from national curricula and utilizes local experts to develop new material and initiate participant planning. Specifically, the course utilizes the expertise of private legal and financial professionals, conservation specialists, and extension agents.

The course has been compledted by 235 individuals representing 163 family units.

Results: Results: Following course participation, landowners can better articulate their land-transfer goals and begin planning. Participants indicated that the program would increase the likelihood of their property staying intact (83%), in the family (79%), and in woodland (80%). Follow-up surveys reveal that in the six months following the course, 80% have begun estate planning. Participants estimate an average family savings of $450,000 as a result of this program. As these landowners continue executing their plans, more than 74,000 acres of land is expected to remain open and family-owned. The program has been recognized by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services as one of the most successful land-transition programs, and fellow educators have adopted this model.

Bath

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

Reality Store was presented four times in Planning District 6, comprising Augusta, Bath, Highland, and Rockingham counties and Buena Vista, Harrisonburg, Lexington, Staunton, and Waynesboro. There were 562 participants, and 70 volunteers helped conduct the sessions.

Environment

Challenge: Positive youth development focuses on targeting life skills that girls and boys need to be successful, contributing members of society. Current studies indicate 56% of children ages 8-12 have a cellphone. According to the Pew Research Center, 86% of Americans currently use the internet and Facebook usage is on the rise. With social media and texting playing a bigger role in how our youth choose to communicate, camping programs allow youth the opportunity to put away technology and connect with each other through face-to-face interactions.

Action: Communication is an essential skill. Youth attending short term residential camping programs are afforded many opportunities to strengthen and develop their communication skills. It is important for girls and boys to be able to talk to their peer, and to adults, and to make new friends. By attending these camping programs, youth develop confidence in sharing their opinions by developing activities, preparing team challenges, and living in a group environment.

Results: Junior 4-H Camp for Alleghany, Augusta, Bath, Highland, and Rockingham was held in July and 346 campers, counselors, and adults attended the week-long residential camp. Out of a total of 37 randomly surveyed Jr. 4-H campers, 91% indicated they would come back next year and 85% of campers were very satisfied, or satisfied with their overall camping experience. Post-camp surveys from the 2016 Junior Camping Program indicated that campers ages 9-13 reported an increase in their ability and comfort in communicating with adults and peers as a result of attending 4-H camp. During camp, 87% of youth felt they could talk to teens and adults. After attending camp, surveys indicated a 14% increase in youth feeling comfortable speaking up when witnessing bullying. These survey results support the hypothesis that 4-H Camp does indeed enhance and increase girls' and boys' confidence in communicating with adults, teens, and their peers.

Bedford

Bedford

Economy

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Bland

Bland

Economy

Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Results: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Environment

Challenge: Extension agents work with clients who apply pesticides, both restricted and non-restricted. The agents provide the necessary training to help them perform this task in the safest and most effective manner.

Action: In January and December of 2016, a team of Extension agents conducted a series of four classes on pesticide use and safety for farmers in Bland, Giles, Pulaski, Wythe, and surrounding counties. Overall, this was a very successful series of educational programs carried out by agents across planning district lines. This cooperation enabled each agent to be responsible for teaching fewer subject areas so that a greater focus could be applied to each subject. The Area Pesticide Inspector was also present at all four programs to deliver the legal portion of the material. Topics covered by agents included weed control, lethal dose information, herbicide carry-over, laundering contaminated clothing, routes of exposure, and protective clothing.

Results: A total of 61 private applicators received the education and recertification credit they need to be safe, legal, and responsible pesticide applicators in the Commonwealth of Virginia for the next two years. At the conclusion of the three December programs, a survey instrument was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs and to assist agents in making improvements to future programs. Of those who provided acreage on the survey tool, the participants spray 5,468 acres of agronomic crops and pasture annually.

The topic that participants found to be most helpful, and the behavior they most often said they will change as a result of this program, is to be safer by wearing correct protective clothing, reading labels more carefully, and laundering clothing properly. This is the second year of this joint effort that supports the recertification of 136 private pesticide applicators, along with participants from surrounding counties.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Botetourt

Botetourt

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Brunswick

Brunswick

Economy

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Buchanan

Buchanan

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program (FNP) SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more comprehensive interventions.

Action: During 2016, SNAP-Ed Extension continues collaborations with Washington, Russell, Smyth, Buchanan, Wythe, Lee, Tazewell, and Grayson counties and Bristol City Schools. Volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: Successful partnerships in 2016 resulted in 231 volunteers providing nutrition education to 5,846 youth and 257 adults. Skills and knowledge that were gained through the programming include basic nutrition, food safety, meal planning, active play, and proper hand-washing. The LEAP Program was implemented in the Head Start Programs of schools in Washington County, Bristol City, Lee County, Washington County, Russell County, Rooftop of Virginia, Smyth County, and Russell County Schools. A total of 124 volunteers provided 1,364 hours of nutrition education. The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program was implemented at Bristol City Schools and Raven Elementary. A total of 38 volunteers provided 228 hours of nutrition education. The OWG curriculum was implemented at Washington County Elementary, Russell County Elementary, and Dublin Elementary Schools. A total of 10 volunteers provided 112 hours of nutrition education. The HWHK curriculum was implemented at Wythe County Elementary/Middle Schools and Russell County Middle Schools. Twelve volunteers provided 118 hours of nutrition education. The Teen Cuisine Curriculum was implemented at Richlands Middle School, Tazewell Middle School, Grayson County High School, and Russell County Technical Center. Four volunteers provided 67 hours of nutrition education. Numerous schools have indicated that their students are more likely to choose fruits and vegetables as a result of the programming. Through health fairs, farmers market demonstrations, and the use of newsletters and flyers, 10,673 indirect contacts were made.

Buckingham

Buckingham

Economy

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Campbell

Economy

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Caroline

Caroline

Economy, Environment, Food and Nutrition

Challenge: Nationwide 4-H standards stipulate that children at the age of 10 (or, in fourth grade) possess the ability to comprehend growing systems, such as crops and livestock in relation to the food they eat. Extension has worked with the Caroline County Schools administrators for several years to conduct an educational program for fourth grade students.

Action: Fourth Grade Ag Day is a two-day event that trains children at eight different stations. One station introduces students to commodities, such as tobacco, that are grown in Caroline County. At another station, students learn about the importance of forests and forest-derived products in Virginia. During the two-day event, they also learn about the value of livestock, how to conserve soil and water, horse physiology, and how to identify Virginia wildlife.

Results: As a result of the 2016 Caroline County Ag Day event, 231 Caroline County fourth grade students from all walks of life learned about agriculture and natural resources in the county and state.

Carroll

Carroll

Economy

Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Results: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Environment

Challenge: Agriculture is the major industry in Carroll County. Sales of agricultural products in the county amounted to approximately $43,419,000, according to the 2012 Census of Agriculture. From 2007 to 2012, there has been a 2% decrease in the number of farms, a trend that has continued since the last census. While the average age of a farmer in the U.S. is 57, the average age for a farmer in Carroll County in 2012 was 58, and the average age has continued to rise since the last census. There is a need to educate young people that careers in agriculture are viable in the county. In addition, there is also a strong push for students in the county to appreciate Appalachian culture as a way to retain more youth in the area.

Action: Extension, the Carroll County Farm Bureau, and the Carroll County Fair Committee worked together to hold the annual Second and Third Grade Carroll County Ag Days program to demonstrate agriculture's importance and value in the county and to help students learn about agriculture. During the three-day program, participants rotated through 12 educational stations where they learned about natural resource conservation, barnyard animals, bovine science, tractor safety, mushroom production, beekeeping, health and nutrition, horticulture, and hand-washing. A storytelling station and a mountain music station emphasized traditional Appalachian culture.

Results: A total of 690 students from every school in Carroll County were exposed to agricultural information and traditions in the area. Evaluation surveys indicated that 96% of the teachers involved felt that the program was beneficial and educational to their students.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Health and Wellness Team in the Mount Rogers District received a grant to strengthen sustainable access to healthy, local foods. As part of this grant, Extension established the Corner Store Initiative, a program to work with small, local convenience types of stores to add, promote, and sell more healthy options. For this initial phase of the project, two stores were chosen: Hillsville Family Mart in Carroll County, and Rixey's Market in Grayson County. In January 2016, Extension formed a partnership to help these stores develop the capability to prepare, package, and serve food to their customers.

Action: From January through May, Extension helped plan, design, and install small commercial kitchens in these establishments that would be approved by local building officials and Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, the agency that inspects convenience stores. Once the kitchens were complete and approved, the staff were trained in safe food handling and preparation practices.

Results: Now these convenience stores have the facilities and knowledge to prepare and package fresh fruits, vegetables, and salads that are convenient and ready to grab-and-go.The owners have found that their sales of fresh items have almost doubled now that they have the capability to prepare and sell the items in a more ready-to-eat format.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Charles City

Charles City

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more-comprehensive interventions. In the greater Richmond area, 59.37% of SNAP households have children under 18, and 57.4% of SNAP households are members of minority groups.

Statewide, the 2016 elementary school post-surveys obtained through random sampling indicated that 77% of youth improved their ability to choose foods according to the federal dietary recommendations. Greater Richmond/SE District SNAP-Ed Volunteers Extend the Reach of the Family Nutrition Program and Combat Childhood Obesity in SNAP-Eligible Populations.

Action: During 2016, Extension maximized the FNP reach by collaborating with a variety of stakeholders at the district and state levels. Continuing collaborations with Charles City County, Chesterfield, and Richmond City schools; Richmond City Health District and Chickahominy Health District; Hanover Food Network; Chesterfield Coach; Henrico and Richmond City WIC; Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Hopewell, and Petersburg Head Starts; Henrico Federal Preschool; Richmond City and Hanover Farmers Markets; and, Youth Health Equity Leadership Initiative, Feedmore, and other community partners led to partnerships whereby teachers, nurses, and community agency staff/volunteers included physical activity and nutrition education as a part of their common goals. In addition, partnerships with local program assistants, Extension agents, specialists, and Master Volunteers supported and enhanced the work of the SNAP-Ed team at the local level. These volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: In 2016, successful partnerships resulted in 130 collaborator volunteers contributing 546 hours of nutrition education. Teachers and Master Volunteers reached 12,704 preschool and school-aged children. At Woodville Elementary School in Richmond City, where Healthy Weights for Healthy Kids was taught, post-surveys of third, fourth, and fifth graders indicated that 91% are now choosing to eat breakfast most or every day, and that 80% are now choosing to eat fruits most days. Surveys also indicated that 89% choose to wash their hands most, or all of the time, before preparing to make something to eat, and 84% choose not to eat a food dish that has been left in the refrigerator for over a week. About 73% indicated that they are physically active most or every day.

Charlotte

Charlotte

Economic

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Environment

Challenge: Pollinator and butterfly habitat decline is a problem on a national level, as well as in Virginia. Today, it is very unusual to see honeybees foraging in the yard or Monarch butterflies congregating on trees.

Action: The Division of Conservation and Recreation encouraged groups to kick off its Stewardship Virginia Campaign by installing butterfly/pollinator gardens. Charlotte County Extension, in partnership with Southside Soil and Water Conservation District, saw an opportunity to participate in this activity and turn it into an ongoing educational project. Extension identified two opportunities: one in the spring, and one in the fall. The first was to install a garden at the Charlotte County Middle School with the help of students. The project was designed to educate the students on the importance of pollinators. In addition to guest speakers who were invited to present on a variety of pollinator and habitat topics, students were engaged to conduct research on local pollinators and their habitat requirements. The students completed their six-week project by implementing and installing a pollinator habitat. The fall opportunity occurred in Drakes Branch after the town council agreed to allow a pollinator garden/Monarch way station beside the Charlotte County Farmers Market.

Results: Two pollinator gardens were installed in 2016. The first garden was installed by the middle school students at the end of their six-week project. The 18 students learned about pollinators and their habitats, as well as how to work as a group to research, design, and implement a project. Their project is a permanent fixture at the school for everyone to enjoy and appreciate. The garden at the Charlotte County Farmers Market, which attracts nearly 7,000 visitors each year, will educate the public on the importance of pollinators and pollinator habitat design. Information will be available about the garden, pollinators, and pollinator habitat later this year.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Chesapeake

Chesapeake

Environment

Challenge: The city of Chesapeake enacted a tree-canopy ordinance. Some of the city's neighborhoods and school grounds were significantly deficient in tree coverage due to poor tree selection and insufficient crews to maintain the trees. In addition, the Chesapeake Elementary School science coordinator requested help with Standard of Learning test questions about trees for first grade students.

Action: Extension developed the "What Is a Tree" program to teach students about tree parts, trees' role in the ecosystem, and the importance of trees for humans. The program was designed as an interactive discussion session stimulating the students to think about their interactions with trees. Each class went outdoors to watch Extension experts demonstrate how to plant and care for a tree. Students were also shown how to make bark protectors from recycled 2-liter plastic bottles, how to check the trees each week for water, and how to identify potential problems. Extension then coordinated tree-planting sites with the school grounds maintenance supervisor and the schools' science coordinator. In addition, postcards were mailed to homeowners in neighborhoods with less than 40% tree canopy coverage to ask if they would like to participate in a free tree-planting demonstration program for the spring or autumn program.

Results: Extension taught students in 54 classrooms (about 1,188 children and 84 teachers and aides) and planted 54 trees. In March, Extension agents planted 67 trees at 27 residences in the Norfolk Highlands neighborhood and 36 trees at 16 residences in the Campostella Square neighborhood. At both locations, the agents made new contacts with citizens who previously had not participated in Virginia Cooperative Extension programs. These citizens said that they will continue to seek out information and that they would join programs in the future.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Chesterfield

Chesterfield

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for SNAP benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more-comprehensive interventions. In the greater Richmond area, 59.37% of SNAP households have children under 18, and 57.4% of SNAP households are members of minority groups.

Statewide, the 2016 elementary school post-surveys obtained through random sampling indicated that 77% of youth improved their ability to choose foods according to the federal dietary recommendations. Greater Richmond/SE District SNAP-Ed Volunteers Extend the Reach of the Family Nutrition Program and Combat Childhood Obesity in SNAP-Eligible Populations.

Action: During 2016, Extension maximized the FNP reach by collaborating with a variety of stakeholders at the district and state levels. Continuing collaborations with Charles City County, Chesterfield, and Richmond City schools; Richmond City Health District and Chickahominy Health District; Hanover Food Network; Chesterfield Coach; Henrico and Richmond City WIC; Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Hopewell, and Petersburg Head Starts; Henrico Federal Preschool; Richmond City and Hanover Farmers markets; and, Youth Health Equity Leadership Initiative, Feedmore, and other community partners led to partnerships whereby teachers, nurses, and community agency staff/volunteers included physical activity and nutrition education as a part of their common goals. In addition, partnerships with local program assistants, Extension agents, specialists, and Master Volunteers supported and enhanced the work of the SNAP-Ed team at the local level. These volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: In 2016, successful partnerships resulted in 130 collaborator volunteers contributing 546 hours of nutrition education. Teachers and Master Volunteers reached 12,704 preschool and school-aged children. At Woodville Elementary School in Richmond City, where Healthy Weights for Healthy Kids was taught, post-surveys of third, fourth, and fifth graders indicated that 91% are now choosing to eat breakfast most or every day, and that 80% are now choosing to eat fruits most days. Surveys also indicated that 89% choose to wash their hands most, or all of the time, before preparing to make something to eat, and 84% choose not to eat a food dish that has been left in the refrigerator for over a week. About 73% indicated that they are physically active most or every day.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Clarke

Clarke

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

A Real Money, Real World simulation was conducted at Johnson Williams Middle School in Clarke County. This program was assisted by 20 community volunteers and the help and support of the faculty, staff, and guidance departments at the school. A total of 152 youth participated in this simulation.

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Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Impact: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Craig

Craig

Economy

Challenge: Like many localities, Craig County is interested in generating additional income through tourism, which generates $22.4 billion each year and is Virginia's fifth largest employer. A local group has started a barn quilt program that is also a fundraiser for the local library. Fruit farms, festivals, hunting, and other events and amenities draw people into the county.

Action: Extension presented a program on agriculture tourism in Craig County, which covered roadside stands and agricultural events such as corn mazes, pumpkin festivals, food events, wine tours, bed and breakfasts, and glamping (glamor camping). Participants discussed options, alternatives, liability, new attractions, and many other management aspects.

Results: Two agriculture tourism venues saw a large increase in attendance at this year's events. Craig County published a tourism map that required an additional 10,000 copies due to increased requests. One local restaurant had two-hour waiting lines. In addition, the barn quilt program draws tourists throughout the county and has generated more business for local restaurants.

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Responsible forest management practices can bring value to natural areas and to consumers. Virginia's natural resources are a major component of the Standards of Learning (SOLs), and teachers can address SOLs using the forest and forest products as methods to enhance lesson plans and activities.

Action: To enhance teachers' knowledge of forestry issues, a 30-hour professional development field-tour program called Trees to Products was developed. The program was designed to provide teachers with factual information about Virginia's hardwood forests and to link these concepts to the SOLs. Teachers see and learn about the sustainable and renewable resource of trees and how trees are converted into a variety of everyday products.

Results: The 2016 Trees to Products program reached 13 educators (from these cities and counties: Arlington, Craig, Giles, Gloucester, Harrisonburg, Norfolk, Norton, Powhatan, Stafford, Washington, and Wise) who instruct approximately 1,000 students each year. This annual program has been conducted 11 times since 2006 and has reached 119 educators who annually instruct approximately 13,150 students. A post-program evaluation indicated that all teachers would utilize the information gained to improve existing lesson plans and/or create new lesson plans. One hundred percent of the teachers said their students will increase their understanding of Virginia's forests as a renewable natural resource important to the economy. Follow-up surveys and interviews indicate that teachers routinely use the information learned to better explain renewable natural resources and to explain how forest products are made.

Culpeper

Culpeper

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

Kids Marketplace was conducted one time each in Culpeper and Fauquier counties; a total of 130 third grade students participated in the program, with 33 volunteers assisting.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Cumberland

Cumberland

Economy

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Danville

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

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Challenge: For many Danville residents, healthy, affordable foods are not easily accessible. Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in many chronic diseases, obesity, and poor health, which affect low-income and minority populations at higher rates. When the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation released its 2016 County Health Rankings, the city of Danville continued its downward slide, falling from 126 in 2015 to 132 (out of 134). The city is grappling with high rates of crime, poverty, and food insecurity, which is defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as "a household-level economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food."

According to Feeding America, Danville has the second-highest overall food insecurity rate in the state with 22.5% of its population considered food insecure. When looking specifically at youth, the food insecurity rate rises to 25.1%. Both of these figures are higher than the state food insecurity averages of 11.8% overall. There is a critical need to improve access to affordable, safe, nutritious food, particularly for low-income youth.

Response: One way to address this problem is through community gardens and gardening education within areas with high proportions of individuals eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

The Extension Family Nutrition Program offered mini-grants of up to $1,000 for Eat Smart, Move More – in Gardens, to support the creation of new community gardens and the delivery of an evidence-based gardening curriculum. Extension also partnered with Danville Parks and Recreation to seek funding for a community garden project at Stonewall Recreation Center, located in North Danville and owned by the city of Danville. The center had a community garden that was in poor repair. The funding was used to revitalize the garden and utilize it for educational programming for after-school and summer-camp programs for at-risk youth and individuals with disabilities.

Results: Youth planted, grew, and harvested tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers. They participated in a variety of creative programs providing education about soil, healthy food choices, garden inputs, and more. The youngsters also learned how to use the produce they raised to supplement their daily snacks. Approximately 250 youth participated in this program over a one-year period, and 100% of these participants were from homes that are SNAP/free-reduced lunch eligible. This program has helped to address food security for youth in Danville.

Dickenson

Dickenson

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: Most young people in Dickenson County believe the food they eat comes from the grocery store. Modern society has moved away from self-sustenance. Most families rely on the convenience of buying food and clothing from a store, a situation that has produced a disconnect between people and their food.

Action: The Dickenson County Extension Office recognized a need to introduce agriculture to county youth by organizing a field day to allow them to interact with farm animals, farmers, nutrition professionals, and soil and water experts to better understand how their food is raised. The target audience was fourth grade students in the county. The fifth annual field day that took place in 2016 was marketed to the public school system and to local home-school groups. The Coalfield Agricultural Center provided a safe, interactive environment for kids and animals. Extension partnered with local producers, the Wise/Dickenson Farm Bureau, Tractor Supply, Lonesome Pine Soil and Water, and the Ridgeview FFA chapter. Students and teachers visited stations where they learned about beef, sheep/goats, chickens, horse, soil and water, bees, and farm-to-fork.

Results: A total of 160 youth (four classes from Clintwood Elementary, one class from Ervinton Elementary, three classes from Sandlick Elementary, and several home-schooled students) participated in the field day event, along with eight teachers and one teachers' aide. Post surveys indicated that 92% of youth increased their knowledge of farm animals, 66% of youth increased their knowledge of soil, and 97% of youth indicated that they enjoyed Ag Field Day.

Dinwiddie

Dinwiddie

Economy

Challenge: In the 1960s, Virginia raised 15,000 to 19,000 acres of sweet potatoes with a market value of $5 to $8 million for the state, but this market share was gradually lost in the 1970s. The acreage and production of sweet potato could increase in Virginia since demand and per capita consumption are increasing (46% in the last decade) mainly due to two factors: the perceived nutritional and health attributes, and the availability and convenience of value-added processed products. Therefore, there is potential for small, medium, and large farmers in Virginia, including tobacco farmers, to incorporate sweet potato into rotations that would increase farm income and sustainability.

Action: An Extension specialist secured funds from the Virginia Agricultural Council to determine the feasibility of sweet potato production for fresh and processing markets in Virginia. He surveyed sweet potato farmers throughout Southeast Virginia to characterize production practices and to evaluate crop performance. The survey was administered in collaboration with Extension faculty in Westmoreland County, Virginia Beach, Prince George County, and Dinwiddie County. Trials were conducted to evaluate current commercial varieties and entries from the National Sweet Potato Collaborators Group. In addition, a fertilization study at the Eastern Shore AREC was conducted to update fertilizer requirements under local soil and climatic conditions.

Results: This work generated information about the status of sweet potato production in Virginia, including management practices, irrigation, fertilization, harvest methods, and storage. An economic assessment is in preparation. Sweet potato is grown mainly by small farmers in Virginia, either conventional or organically. Many varieties are grown in Virginia, but management practices differ greatly among farmers. Marketable yield among farmers ranged between 168 and 1,090 50lb-bushel/acre, which is consistent with other states. Estimated gross income ranged roughly between $2,700/acre and $9,000/acre when sold through brokers.

Results suggests that sweet potato production is feasible in Virginia, especially when irrigation is available.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Environment

Challenge: Local agricultural producers and organizations are concerned that youth (and parents alike) are unaware of where their food comes from; in addition, there has been a stated need in Dinwiddie County to improve the understanding and relationship between the general population and the agricultural community.

Action: To educate local youth from Dinwiddie County and City of Petersburg public schools and day care programs, Extension partnered with the Appomattox River Soil and Water Conservation to present a program called Urban Farm Day, which focuses on the importance of agriculture and the conservation of natural resources.

Results: This year's Dinwiddie Urban Farm Day educated more than 800 second grade students, teachers, and chaperons from both the county and the City of Petersburg. Participants were able to visit 15 learning stations addressing the primary agricultural commodities — peanuts, cotton, corn, soybeans, and wheat — grown in their county, as well forestry, wildlife, specialty products, soil, and water conservation. The experiential learning format engaged the students with Standards of Learning-targeted topics and helped the participants gain an appreciation for local farmers and resources. To date, the program has reached more than 27,000 students, parents, and volunteers. In addition, the organizers have provided guidance to help other Virginia communities host their own Farm Day.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

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Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for SNAP benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more-comprehensive interventions. In the greater Richmond area, 59.37% of SNAP households have children under 18, and 57.4% of SNAP households are members of minority groups.

Statewide, the 2016 elementary school post-surveys obtained through random sampling indicated that 77% of youth improved their ability to choose foods according to the federal dietary recommendations. Greater Richmond/SE District SNAP-Ed Volunteers Extend the Reach of the Family Nutrition Program and Combat Childhood Obesity in SNAP-Eligible Populations.

Action: During 2016, Extension maximized the FNP reach by collaborating with a variety of stakeholders at the district and state levels. Continuing collaborations with Charles City County, Chesterfield, and Richmond City schools; Richmond City Health District and Chickahominy Health District; Hanover Food Network; Chesterfield Coach; Henrico and Richmond City WIC; Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Hopewell, and Petersburg Head Starts; Henrico Federal Preschool; Richmond City and Hanover Farmers markets; and, Youth Health Equity Leadership Initiative, Feedmore, and other community partners led to partnerships whereby teachers, nurses, and community agency staff/volunteers included physical activity and nutrition education as a part of their common goals. In addition, partnerships with local program assistants, Extension agents, specialists, and Master Volunteers supported and enhanced the work of the SNAP-Ed team at the local level. These volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: In 2016, successful partnerships resulted in 130 collaborator volunteers contributing 546 hours of nutrition education. Teachers and Master Volunteers reached 12,704 preschool and school-aged children. At Woodville Elementary School in Richmond City, where Healthy Weights for Healthy Kids was taught, post-surveys of third, fourth, and fifth graders indicated that 91% are now choosing to eat breakfast most or every day, and that 80% are now choosing to eat fruits most days. Surveys also indicated that 89% choose to wash their hands most, or all of the time, before preparing to make something to eat, and 84% choose not to eat a food dish that has been left in the refrigerator for over a week. About 73% indicated that they are physically active most or every day.

Essex

Essex

Environment

Challenge: Federal and state pesticide laws and regulations require pesticide applicators to be certified to use restricted-use pesticides. In addition, Virginia law requires all commercial applicators to be certified to use any pesticide. It is mandatory that these applicators renew their pesticide licenses through continuing education every two years. Without pesticide safety and integrated pest management (IPM) education to enable these individuals to do so, many would suffer economic hardships and violate the law. A lack of knowledge in pesticide safety and IPM practices threatens human health and the environment.

With the amount of herbicide-resistant crops being planted, the potential for herbicide drift increases. Producers need to be equipped with the proper tools so that herbicide drift is minimized.

Action: Pesticide Recertification Classes were taught in Hanover, New Kent, King William, Essex, and Middlesex Counties to participants from the Middle Peninsula and surrounding counties. Taught by Extension agents, the programs included demonstrations and lectures to ensure that participants were up-to-date and educated on pesticide safety and proper use.

Results: During the five area-wide programs, 87 private pesticide applicators were trained and recertified to use restricted-use pesticides. A total of 87 pesticide applicators gained additional knowledge in pesticide safety and IPM through recertification training. In addition, 87 pesticide production units/pest control operations adopted one or more additional IPM products, services, tactics, or practices for selected commodities and/or at selected sites. As a result of the pesticide safety education and IPM programs, 87 applicators successfully maintained their pesticide applicator certifications to legally apply pesticides in the commonwealth.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Fairfax

Fairfax

Water

Challenge: Reducing nutrient loadings in urban areas is important for water-quality improvement programs in many watersheds. This is particularly true for the Chesapeake Bay watershed, which is under a mandate to reduce nitrogen, phosphorus, and total suspended sediment loads by 25, 25, and 19%, respectively, by 2025. Urban nutrient loadings are an important component of overall nutrient loads in the Chesapeake Bay watershed due to increasing urbanization in this watershed.

Urban nutrient loadings are expected to increase and become more variable under climate change. Given the large reductions in nutrient loads that are required and the pressure from increasing urbanization, cost-effective methods to reduce nutrients from urban sources are needed that take into account climate change.

Action: Extension used a water-quality simulation model, land-cover data layers, and mathematical programming models to compare costs of abating nutrient loads under climate change in the Difficult Run watershed located in Fairfax County. Predicted costs of abating mean total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended sediment loadings under current climate conditions were compared to those for climate change under certainty with a Cost Minimization model and under uncertainty with a Safety First model.

Total nitrogen loadings abatement has the highest cost, followed by total phosphorus, and total suspended sediment loadings abatement, in that order. Costs of controlling total phosphorus and total suspended sediment increased with climate change, while there was little change in total nitrogen control costs. Introducing uncertainty of loadings caused control costs to increase substantially for all three pollutants. The preferred pollutant-control strategy was urban stream restoration.

Results: Policymakers seeking to meet water-quality goals over a multiyear horizon should consider front-loading supplemental Best Management Practices in order to offset the changes in nutrient loadings predicted for climate change. The integrated modeling approach of this research provides policymakers with strategies to reduce nutrient loads from urban sources at minimum cost while taking climate change into account.

Fauquier

Fauquier

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

Kids Marketplace was conducted one time each in Culpeper and Fauquier counties; a total of 130 third grade students participated in the program, with 33 volunteers assisting.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Floyd

Floyd

Economy

Challenge: Hiring managers prioritize skills such as the ability to work in a team structure, to make decisions and solve problems, to communicate verbally with people, and to plan, organize, and prioritize work. Programs that provide youth with opportunities to develop the skills and talents required for the workplace are needed to ensure that youth become well-rounded, confident adults.

Action: Montgomery, Pulaski, Floyd, Giles, and Patrick counties 4-H staff organized a PD-4 Area Contest. The contest, held May 7, 2016, at Riverlawn Elementary School in Fairlawn, Virginia, provided opportunities for youth to practice their verbal communication skills and their creative talents. The contest included several components: presentations, public speaking, talent show performances, science fair presentations, and a dramatic reading.

Results: Eighty-nine students from the above counties participated in the area contest. The majority of parents (76% of those surveyed) agreed or strongly agreed that participation in the 4-H Area Contest helped their children build stronger self-esteem (93%), communication (92%), organizational (81%), leadership (78%), research (80%), problem-solving (80%), and character (83%) skills. When asked to rate the overall effectiveness of Area Contest in helping their children develop these life skills on a scale from 1 (not effective) to 10 (very effective), parents reported an average rating of 8.6.

Some of the parents' comments emphasizing the impact for their children included the following: "Excellent practical experience in public speaking and learning to prepare for same;" "Participation has helped him to build more confidence. He has also become comfortable doing something his friends might not want to do and being proud of it."

Fluvanna

Fluvanna

Environment

Challenge: Forestland owners, 65 years of age and older, own 41% of Virginia's 10.6 million acres of private forestland. High land values and taxes cause many heirs to sell land to meet financial obligations — a major force behind an annual loss of 16,000 forested acres. At this time, Virginia is on the cusp of the largest intergenerational transfer of family forests ever, and landowners need to know how to protect their land. A common barrier to estate planning is a lack of understanding planning tools and resources and not knowing where to start.

Action: To generate awareness of this issue, previous landowner programs have included brief conservation-planning sessions. A 12-hour, in-depth course titled Land Transfer to Generation "NEXT" was piloted in Charlottesville in 2009, and has been presented in Warrenton, Palmyra, Staunton, Farmville, Rockbridge, South Boston, and Orange between 2010 and 2016. The program design draws from national curricula and utilizes local experts to develop new material and initiate participant planning. Specifically, the course utilizes the expertise of private legal and financial professionals, conservation specialists, and extension agents.

The course has been compledted by 235 individuals representing 163 family units.

Results: Results: Following course participation, landowners can better articulate their land-transfer goals and begin planning. Participants indicated that the program would increase the likelihood of their property staying intact (83%), in the family (79%), and in woodland (80%). Follow-up surveys reveal that in the six months following the course, 80% have begun estate planning. Participants estimate an average family savings of $450,000 as a result of this program. As these landowners continue executing their plans, more than 74,000 acres of land is expected to remain open and family-owned. The program has been recognized by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services as one of the most successful land-transition programs, and fellow educators have adopted this model.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Franklin

Franklin

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

— — —

Challenge: An estimated 8.4 to 10.8% of residents in Franklin County struggle with limited or uncertain access to adequate food. Based on federal census data, this percentage equates to 4,726-6,077 people. Additionally, much of the population does not have easy access to a supermarket. The Virginia Department of Education reports that 51% of students in Franklin County schools are eligible for free or reduced lunch.

Action: Franklin County and Virginia State University Extension collaborated with a local farmer to establish a half-acre community giving garden. Funding through a community garden grant was secured, and many supplies and services were donated. The agents harvested produce from the garden for two days every week for 10 weeks and then joined a coordinated giving garden effort, organized by the United Way, across the county. In July, they organized a field day demonstrating the culture of different crops and field-to-table cooking techniques, and they hosted the Blue Ridge Soil and Water Conservation District to instruct citizens on how to make rain barrels.

Results: The garden supplied more than 5,000 pounds of fresh produce to local food banks and served as an educational tool. Based on local wholesale prices for 2016, there was an estimated $1,876 savings to the local food bank and soup kitchen. The produce was distributed to approximately 300 individual families. The food bank manager noted that the produce offset costs, allowing the bank to stretch its food budget into the winter months when donations were limited.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Frederick

Frederick

Economy

Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Impact: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Giles

Economy

Challenge: Hiring managers prioritize skills such as the ability to work in a team structure, to make decisions and solve problems, to communicate verbally with people, and to plan, organize, and prioritize work. Programs that provide youth with opportunities to develop the skills and talents required for the workplace are needed to ensure that youth become well-rounded, confident adults.

Action: Montgomery, Pulaski, Floyd, Giles, and Patrick counties 4-H staff organized a PD-4 Area Contest. The contest, held May 7, 2016, at Riverlawn Elementary School in Fairlawn, Virginia, provided opportunities for youth to practice their verbal communication skills and their creative talents. The contest included several components: presentations, public speaking, talent show performances, science fair presentations, and a dramatic reading.

Results: Eighty-nine students from the above counties participated in the area contest. The majority of parents (76% of those surveyed) agreed or strongly agreed that participation in the 4-H Area Contest helped their children build stronger self-esteem (93%), communication (92%), organizational (81%), leadership (78%), research (80%), problem-solving (80%), and character (83%) skills. When asked to rate the overall effectiveness of Area Contest in helping their children develop these life skills on a scale from 1 (not effective) to 10 (very effective), parents reported an average rating of 8.6.

Some of the parents' comments emphasizing the impact for their children included the following: "Excellent practical experience in public speaking and learning to prepare for same;" "Participation has helped him to build more confidence. He has also become comfortable doing something his friends might not want to do and being proud of it."

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Responsible forest management practices can bring value to natural areas and to consumers. Virginia's natural resources are a major component of the Standards of Learning (SOLs), and teachers can address SOLs using the forest and forest products as methods to enhance lesson plans and activities.

Action: To enhance teachers' knowledge of forestry issues, a 30-hour professional development field-tour program called Trees to Products was developed. The program was designed to provide teachers with factual information about Virginia's hardwood forests and to link these concepts to the SOLs. Teachers see and learn about the sustainable and renewable resource of trees and how trees are converted into a variety of everyday products.

Results: The 2016 Trees to Products program reached 13 educators (from these cities and counties: Arlington, Craig, Giles, Gloucester, Harrisonburg, Norfolk, Norton, Powhatan, Stafford, Washington, and Wise) who instruct approximately 1,000 students each year. This annual program has been conducted 11 times since 2006 and has reached 119 educators who annually instruct approximately 13,150 students. A post-program evaluation indicated that all teachers would utilize the information gained to improve existing lesson plans and/or create new lesson plans. One hundred percent of the teachers said their students will increase their understanding of Virginia's forests as a renewable natural resource important to the economy. Follow-up surveys and interviews indicate that teachers routinely use the information learned to better explain renewable natural resources and to explain how forest products are made.

Environment

Challenge: Extension agents work with clients who apply pesticides, both restricted and non-restricted. The agents provide the necessary training to help them perform this task in the safest and most effective manner.

Action: In January and December of 2016, a team of Extension agents conducted a series of four classes on pesticide use and safety for farmers in Bland, Giles, Pulaski, Wythe, and surrounding counties. Overall, this was a very successful series of educational programs carried out by agents across planning district lines. This cooperation enabled each agent to be responsible for teaching fewer subject areas so that a greater focus could be applied to each subject. The Area Pesticide Inspector was also present at all four programs to deliver the legal portion of the material. Topics covered by agents included weed control, lethal dose information, herbicide carry-over, laundering contaminated clothing, routes of exposure, and protective clothing.

Results: A total of 61 private applicators received the education and recertification credit they need to be safe, legal, and responsible pesticide applicators in the Commonwealth of Virginia for the next two years. At the conclusion of the three December programs, a survey instrument was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs and to assist agents in making improvements to future programs. Of those who provided acreage on the survey tool, the participants spray 5,468 acres of agronomic crops and pasture annually.

The topic that participants found to be most helpful, and the behavior they most often said they will change as a result of this program, is to be safer by wearing correct protective clothing, reading labels more carefully, and laundering clothing properly. This is the second year of this joint effort that supports the recertification of 136 private pesticide applicators, along with participants from surrounding counties.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Gloucester

Gloucester

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Responsible forest management practices can bring value to natural areas and to consumers. Virginia's natural resources are a major component of the Standards of Learning (SOLs), and teachers can address SOLs using the forest and forest products as methods to enhance lesson plans and activities.

Action: To enhance teachers' knowledge of forestry issues, a 30-hour professional development field-tour program called Trees to Products was developed. The program was designed to provide teachers with factual information about Virginia's hardwood forests and to link these concepts to the SOLs. Teachers see and learn about the sustainable and renewable resource of trees and how trees are converted into a variety of everyday products.

Results: The 2016 Trees to Products program reached 13 educators (from these cities and counties: Arlington, Craig, Giles, Gloucester, Harrisonburg, Norfolk, Norton, Powhatan, Stafford, Washington, and Wise) who instruct approximately 1,000 students each year. This annual program has been conducted 11 times since 2006 and has reached 119 educators who annually instruct approximately 13,150 students. A post-program evaluation indicated that all teachers would utilize the information gained to improve existing lesson plans and/or create new lesson plans. One hundred percent of the teachers said their students will increase their understanding of Virginia's forests as a renewable natural resource important to the economy. Follow-up surveys and interviews indicate that teachers routinely use the information learned to better explain renewable natural resources and to explain how forest products are made.

Goochland

Goochland

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Grayson

Grayson

Economy

Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Results: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Economy

Challenge: Grayson County's leading industries are agriculture and forestry; moreover, as a result of the Grayson Agribusiness Showcase, county leaders have recognized the diversity and importance of the agriculture industry. In addition, Grayson County's Comprehensive Plan includes objectives to address these industries. Two of the priority objectives include providing agriculturally focused after-school opportunities for youth, and trade-based workforce education built around local industries such as agriculture and forestry. To effectively meet these strategies, the county recognized the need for a physical location to house these efforts. The space once occupied by the county jail and sheriff's office was identified as the location of choice.

Action: In August 2015, Grayson County administration approached Grayson County Extension about developing the Grayson Ag Center concept. The Grayson Extension Leadership Council assisted with planning and helped determine the name for the new facility: the Grayson Agriculture and Technical Education (GATE) Center. The GATE Center proposal included spaces to house Grayson County Extension offices, an agribusiness incubator, a commercial teaching kitchen, and advanced conferencing spaces. Partners were identified who could bring additional resources to the community and whose missions aligned with the overall goals of the GATE Center. In April 2016, interior and exterior renovations began on the former sheriff's office to make it safe and inviting to the public.

The Grayson County Board of Supervisors, local businesses, and private donors committed approximately $128,000 in funding and in-kind contributions to complete the office and exterior renovations. Additionally, an Agribusiness Grant request of $247,095 was submitted to the Tobacco Region Revitalization Commission on behalf of Grayson County to complete the large conference room, two ADA-compliant restrooms, and a commercial teaching kitchen.

Impact: A ribbon-cutting for the GATE Center was held in November 2016. Grayson County Extension offices moved to the GATE Center, and farmers and landowners now have a dedicated facility to support them. Virginia Cooperative Extension also entered into an agreement with United Way of Southwest Virginia, Grayson and Carroll counties, and the city of Galax to fund a Financial Stability Center anchored by an Extension agent and focused on financial literacy education. This center is to be housed in the GATE Center offices.

Initial success is inspiring future investments to complete renovations that will add the additional capacity needed to support agriculture, workforce development, and the county's youth.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program (FNP) SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more comprehensive interventions.

Action: During 2016, SNAP-Ed Extension continues collaborations with Washington, Russell, Smyth, Buchanan, Wythe, Lee, Tazewell, and Grayson counties and Bristol City Schools. Volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: Successful partnerships in 2016 resulted in 231 volunteers providing nutrition education to 5,846 youth and 257 adults. Skills and knowledge that were gained through the programming include basic nutrition, food safety, meal planning, active play, and proper hand-washing. The LEAP Program was implemented in the Head Start Programs of schools in Washington County, Bristol City, Lee County, Washington County, Russell County, Rooftop of Virginia, Smyth County, and Russell County Schools. A total of 124 volunteers provided 1,364 hours of nutrition education. The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program was implemented at Bristol City Schools and Raven Elementary. A total of 38 volunteers provided 228 hours of nutrition education. The OWG curriculum was implemented at Washington County Elementary, Russell County Elementary, and Dublin Elementary Schools. A total of 10 volunteers provided 112 hours of nutrition education. The HWHK curriculum was implemented at Wythe County Elementary/Middle Schools and Russell County Middle Schools. Twelve volunteers provided 118 hours of nutrition education. The Teen Cuisine Curriculum was implemented at Richlands Middle School, Tazewell Middle School, Grayson County High School, and Russell County Technical Center. Four volunteers provided 67 hours of nutrition education. Numerous schools have indicated that their students are more likely to choose fruits and vegetables as a result of the programming. Through health fairs, farmers market demonstrations, and the use of newsletters and flyers, 10,673 indirect contacts were made.

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Challenge: The Health and Wellness Team in the Mount Rogers District received a grant to strengthen sustainable access to healthy, local foods. As part of this grant, Extension established the Corner Store Initiative, a program to work with small, local convenience types of stores to add, promote, and sell more healthy options. For this initial phase of the project, two stores were chosen: Hillsville Family Mart in Carroll County, and Rixey's Market in Grayson County. In January 2016, Extension formed a partnership to help these stores develop the capability to prepare, package, and serve food to their customers.

Action: From January through May, Extension helped plan, design, and install small commercial kitchens in these establishments that would be approved by local building officials and Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, the agency that inspects convenience stores. Once the kitchens were complete and approved, the staff were trained in safe food handling and preparation practices.

Results: Now these convenience stores have the facilities and knowledge to prepare and package fresh fruits, vegetables, and salads that are convenient and ready to grab-and-go.The owners have found that their sales of fresh items have almost doubled now that they have the capability to prepare and sell the items in a more ready-to-eat format.

Greene

Greene

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Greensville/Emporia

Greensville/Emporia

Economy

Challenge: Students need to increase their oral and written communication skills, according to teachers, parents, employers, and other stakeholders in Greensville County and Emporia. Students have limited opportunities to learn and to demonstrate learned skills in this area. Communications skills objectives have been identified and included in the Core Curriculum for Greensville County Public School students in grades 4-6.

Action: Members of the Greensville/Emporia 4-H Leadership Council are working to teach communication skills to youth enrolled in 4-H and to offer opportunities for students to demonstrate the skills they have learned through public-speaking opportunities and presentation contests.

Results: Forty-one 4-H members were enrolled in the afterschool 4-H communications program in 2016. The students learned about parliamentary procedure, public speaking, visual communications, oral presentations using visuals, and written communications. Teachers indicated that more than 80 percent of students increased their knowledge in each of the communications areas. More than 70 percent of students increased their skill level in each area. Sixty-one percent of students exhibited increased self-confidence as a result of the communications educational program. One teacher noted that "It really helped my students feel more confident about speaking out in class. I have one student who has gone from holding her head down in class to volunteering to answer questions."

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Halifax

Economy

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Economy, Health and Disease

Challenge: In Virginia, 32% of youth are living in single-parent homes. Of the 68% who reside with two parents, 46% of those households are managed by parents who both work outside of the home, according to the Pew Research Center. This situation makes the six "Cs" of positive youth development — competence, confidence, character, connection, caring, and contribution — even more relevant to today's society.

Action: 4-H targets these life skills in order to assist youth in becoming contributing members of society. In the summer of 2016, Halifax County Extension hosted 141 youth, ages 9-13, during a week-long residential camp. Campers were encouraged to develop independence by practicing decision-making through daily programming activities and by making personal living choices. Problem-solving skills were enhanced through camp classes, living in a group environment, and participating in group activities. Youth worked with teen and adult volunteers to develop activities, prepare team challenges, work through potential conflict situations, and plan their day.

Results: The results from post-camp interviews with 60 of the campers' parents showed an increase in participants' leadership and decision-making skills. When asked what their child learned, 73% responded that a new skillset was learned. Additionally, 55% expressed a positive change in behavior, citing that their children were more willing to help at home, had better attitudes, and were more positive in general. When asked if the Halifax camping program was a good value, 100% responded favorably. One parent stated, "It was a great experience. The best thing I've ever done for her."

The camp and the responses it yielded offer strong evidence of success in communicating Extension's core value for good stewardship of public trust. Statewide survey results yielded that 96% of campers felt they could talk to teens and adults at camp. Additionally, 96% indicated they would return next year.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results: Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Environment

Challenge: Forestland owners, 65 years of age and older, own 41% of Virginia's 10.6 million acres of private forestland. High land values and taxes cause many heirs to sell land to meet financial obligations — a major force behind an annual loss of 16,000 forested acres. At this time, Virginia is on the cusp of the largest intergenerational transfer of family forests ever, and landowners need to know how to protect their land. A common barrier to estate planning is a lack of understanding planning tools and resources and not knowing where to start.

Action: To generate awareness of this issue, previous landowner programs have included brief conservation-planning sessions. A 12-hour, in-depth course titled Land Transfer to Generation "NEXT" was piloted in Charlottesville in 2009, and has been presented in Warrenton, Palmyra, Staunton, Farmville, Rockbridge, South Boston, and Orange between 2010 and 2016. The program design draws from national curricula and utilizes local experts to develop new material and initiate participant planning. Specifically, the course utilizes the expertise of private legal and financial professionals, conservation specialists, and extension agents.

The course has been compledted by 235 individuals representing 163 family units.

Results: Results: Following course participation, landowners can better articulate their land-transfer goals and begin planning. Participants indicated that the program would increase the likelihood of their property staying intact (83%), in the family (79%), and in woodland (80%). Follow-up surveys reveal that in the six months following the course, 80% have begun estate planning. Participants estimate an average family savings of $450,000 as a result of this program. As these landowners continue executing their plans, more than 74,000 acres of land is expected to remain open and family-owned. The program has been recognized by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services as one of the most successful land-transition programs, and fellow educators have adopted this model.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Hampton

Hampton

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

Challenge: Marine ornamental aquaculture has the potential to enhance the sustainability of rural agriculture through production diversification, new revenue streams, and the creation of new local employment. In order to address this need, Extension was asked to help develop this new sector in Virginia.

Action: Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center faculty leveraged Virginia Sea Grant funding for this work. This funding enabled them to enhance the facility's live feeds production capacity; improve broodstock and larviculture holding and production systems; purchase and spawn broodstock from multiple marine finfish species; develop larviculture production protocols for clownfish; train two new technicians; transfer all production technologies to Mid-Atlantic Aquatic Technology (MAAT), a marine fish farm in Accomack County; and assist with business plan development and cost/revenue analysis.

Results: This work led to a new marine ornamentals division at MAAT. Initial sales in 2016 exceeded 20,000 clownfish into wholesale and local direct markets. Revenues from this division for 2017 are projected to be around $150,000. The company was able to create a 1.5 full-time position and to save another 1.5 full-time position. The company reported that without this new product line and resultant revenues, MAAT would likely have failed as a company in 2016. Local direct sales to eight Virginia aquarium pet stores and one additional regional pet store are providing for a better and more reliable product these outlets can sell to the public. In collaboration with MAAT and Reed Mariculture, a new commercial product was developed for sale to the aquarium hobbyist sector by Reed Mariculture. This product is now sold together with fish from MAAT to help maintain their health and color for the end consumer. This new product will represent significant sales in 2017 and beyond.

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Challenge: Because Virginia is among the top three states with the highest number of military installations, it is critical that each link in the structure of the Virginia 4-H military program is maintained. In Virginia, 4-H clubs have been established on Army, Navy, and Air Force installations, which represent 11 military installations with 14 sites. Training provided by Virginia Cooperative Extension's state, local staff, and volunteers helps military staff deliver a variety of programs and projects focused on experiential learning and the development of life skills to military youth.

Response: A 4-H Military Club Director was responsible for gathering, compiling, and submitting reports for the 4-H Military Partnership Grant provided by the Department of Defense. Local support of each installation site was provided by Extension agents located in the county or city near each installation. Four part-time 4-H Installation Club coordinators provided support to 4-H staff responsible for chartering clubs, enrolling members, training club leaders, and involving 4-H military club members in local, regional, and state programs. Branch focus area greatly influenced the identification of outcomes that gave staff members direction as they planned programming to develop life skills in the youth. The 4-H project focus areas were citizenship, healthy living, and science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM).

Projects in the citizenship focus area included 4-H Day at the Capitol, club officer training, presentations, theater arts, service learning, character education, and bully prevention. Projects in the healthy living focus area included 4-H cooking, dashboard dining, Teen Cuisine, first aid, and steps for being a healthy teen. STEM projects included National 4-H Youth Science Day Experiment–Motion Commotion, junk-drawer robotics, environmental education, and gardening.

Participants were invited to complete the 4-H Common Measures evaluation, which was completed by approximately 129 youth. Responses showed the following results in the three project focus areas:

Citizenship: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 88% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they don't let their friends talk them into doing something that they don't want to do; 90% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they can apply knowledge in ways that solve real-life problems through community service.

Healthy Living: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 93% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they learned how to make healthy food choices; 85% agreed or strongly agreed that they now eat more fruits and vegetables.

STEM: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 85% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they want to learn more about science; 94% agreed or strongly agreed that they like experimenting and testing ideas.

King George has a 4-H Military Club at the Dahlgren Youth Activity Center (YAC) with 91 registered youth in the 2016 4-H year. Several training programs were conducted with YAC staff members during the year to support their 4-H programming. Youth were trained in club organization, Teen Cuisine, and drone discovery during the year. The Hampton 4-H Program provided staff development training for 46 Langley-Fort Eustis Joint Bases staff on team-building, 4-H curriculum showcase, and conflict resolution to support 4-H programming.

More than 120 youth participated in STEM, Health Rocks, Character Education, and Nutrition programs. The James City County 4-H Program supports a Cloverbud Club at the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station. This club serves approximately 10 youth with monthly club meetings during the school year and provided approximately 42 youth with a summer-long day-camp experience in 2016. Training and curriculum resources are regularly provided to volunteer club leaders.

Water, Food and Nutrition

Challenge: Red crab can be caught in the Atlantic Ocean at depths of up to 2,000 feet from North Carolina to New England. Although a successful fishery for frozen red crabs has existed in New England for 25 years, a similar fishery never developed in Virginia. Red crabs are brought to the dock alive in refrigerated seawater hold boats. In Virginia, a fishery for live crab sales might develop if a viable live-holding facility existed, but the state didn't have such a facility.

Action: An industry/Extension committee was formed in 2014 to build an on-shore live recirculating-water holding system that would purify the water using biological processes. Industry committed to build a facility, with advice from Extension personal. Most of the money to build the facility came from industry, with additional funds from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The live-holding facility was built in Newport News and used in both 2015 and 2016. During those two years, Virginia Seafood AREC experts managed over 150 water samples that were carefully monitored. Industry learned how to use the water-sample results to add sodium bicarbonate and to do water exchanges so that nitrifying bacteria and crabs were kept alive.

Results: In 2015, in 13 fishing trips, a total of about 303,000 pounds of red crab were packed with an approximate ex-vessel of $605,000. In 2016, in 19 fishing trips, 237,585 pounds of fish were packed at an ex-vessel value of $534,566. Total ex-vessel value for the two years was $1,139,566. As expected, export markets to mainland China developed. Nearly every one of the 32 trips resulted in live crabs exported to China. Local retail markets also developed. Unexpectedly, a unique method of seafood distribution, blending old and new methods, began to develop in 2016. Chinese-American merchants started selling live red crab using a phone app. They asked their customers to place orders by the app when the boat came to the dock. These merchants then bought the approximate amount of crab for their orders and delivered it to predetermined neighborhood locations where the customers picked up the crab. Although the live facility was removed from Newport News, it is in the process of being reinstalled in Hampton. However, there is current discussion between industry and Extension about how to best get the system fully functioning again. In the future, it is likely that red crab will become an important Virginia fishery.

Hanover

Hanover

Environment

Challenge: Federal and state pesticide laws and regulations require pesticide applicators to be certified to use restricted-use pesticides. In addition, Virginia law requires all commercial applicators to be certified to use any pesticide. It is mandatory that these applicators renew their pesticide licenses through continuing education every two years. Without pesticide safety and integrated pest management (IPM) education to enable these individuals to do so, many would suffer economic hardships and violate the law. A lack of knowledge in pesticide safety and IPM practices threatens human health and the environment.

With the amount of herbicide-resistant crops being planted, the potential for herbicide drift increases. Producers need to be equipped with the proper tools so that herbicide drift is minimized.

Action: Pesticide Recertification Classes were taught in Hanover, New Kent, King William, Essex, and Middlesex Counties to participants from the Middle Peninsula and surrounding counties. Taught by Extension agents, the programs included demonstrations and lectures to ensure that participants were up-to-date and educated on pesticide safety and proper use.

Results: During the five area-wide programs, 87 private pesticide applicators were trained and recertified to use restricted-use pesticides. A total of 87 pesticide applicators gained additional knowledge in pesticide safety and IPM through recertification training. In addition, 87 pesticide production units/pest control operations adopted one or more additional IPM products, services, tactics, or practices for selected commodities and/or at selected sites. As a result of the pesticide safety education and IPM programs, 87 applicators successfully maintained their pesticide applicator certifications to legally apply pesticides in the commonwealth.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: Supporting Hanover food pantries and farmers markets helps encourage residents to eat more fruits and vegetables. Investigation into local food assistance programs shows that Hanover families need access to fresh, healthy vegetables. Data from the U.S. Census shows that 6.2% of Hanover's residents live in poverty, which translates to just over 6,000 residents of the total population (103,227). Survey data collected from food pantries last year show that approximately 8,000 low-income people were served through four Hanover food pantries in 2015.

Action: In Hanover, this need is being addressed through a countywide group of food pantries, local government, Hanover Extension, and business and faith communities. Their purpose is to enhance collaboration among food assistance services in Hanover, improve strategies, and expand food resources and food independence for those served. The Hanover Food Resource Collaborative (now the Hanover Food Network) is a model for agencies to work together to connect community resources and to share best practices. Hanover Extension has provided leadership from three individuals. A Food Network Facebook page created with Extension support is now liked by more than 400 individuals and is promoted through the collaborative food pantries.

Results: Extension received a $2,000 grant from Walmart to provide food demonstration kits for pantries to showcase fresh fruits and vegetables in tasting demos. Food demonstrations have been conducted at the Western Hanover Emergency Action Team food pantry on a monthly basis, including recipes for participants to try at home. Food demonstrations were also conducted during the summer at Hanover Farmers Markets. A $3,000 mini-grant from the Family Nutrition Program was used by Extension to promote and encourage using Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits at farmers markets for access to healthy and fresh local produce. Two Family Fun Day events were held at local farmers markets with activities that included food demonstrations with recipes to try at home, information on how to store fruits and vegetables, and a scavenger hunt connecting youth/families with local producers.

A total of 200 individuals attended and participated in all four days of activities. While SNAP redemption rates did not increase this year, a good connection was made with both farmers markets. Efforts for next year will focus on developing transportation partnerships to help ensure that families in need of transportation will be able to access these types of events.

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Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for SNAP benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more-comprehensive interventions. In the greater Richmond area, 59.37% of SNAP households have children under 18, and 57.4% of SNAP households are members of minority groups.

Statewide, the 2016 elementary school post-surveys obtained through random sampling indicated that 77% of youth improved their ability to choose foods according to the federal dietary recommendations. Greater Richmond/SE District SNAP-Ed Volunteers Extend the Reach of the Family Nutrition Program and Combat Childhood Obesity in SNAP-Eligible Populations.

Action: During 2016, Extension maximized the FNP reach by collaborating with a variety of stakeholders at the district and state levels. Continuing collaborations with Charles City County, Chesterfield, and Richmond City schools; Richmond City Health District and Chickahominy Health District; Hanover Food Network; Chesterfield Coach; Henrico and Richmond City WIC; Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Hopewell, and Petersburg Head Starts; Henrico Federal Preschool; Richmond City and Hanover Farmers markets; and, Youth Health Equity Leadership Initiative, Feedmore, and other community partners led to partnerships whereby teachers, nurses, and community agency staff/volunteers included physical activity and nutrition education as a part of their common goals. In addition, partnerships with local program assistants, Extension agents, specialists, and Master Volunteers supported and enhanced the work of the SNAP-Ed team at the local level. These volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: In 2016, successful partnerships resulted in 130 collaborator volunteers contributing 546 hours of nutrition education. Teachers and Master Volunteers reached 12,704 preschool and school-aged children. At Woodville Elementary School in Richmond City, where Healthy Weights for Healthy Kids was taught, post-surveys of third, fourth, and fifth graders indicated that 91% are now choosing to eat breakfast most or every day, and that 80% are now choosing to eat fruits most days. Surveys also indicated that 89% choose to wash their hands most, or all of the time, before preparing to make something to eat, and 84% choose not to eat a food dish that has been left in the refrigerator for over a week. About 73% indicated that they are physically active most or every day.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Henrico

Henrico

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more-comprehensive interventions. In the greater Richmond area, 59.37% of SNAP households have children under 18, and 57.4% of SNAP households are members of minority groups.

Statewide, the 2016 elementary school post-surveys obtained through random sampling indicated that 77% of youth improved their ability to choose foods according to the federal dietary recommendations. Greater Richmond/SE District SNAP-Ed Volunteers Extend the Reach of the Family Nutrition Program and Combat Childhood Obesity in SNAP-Eligible Populations.

Action: During 2016, Extension maximized the FNP reach by collaborating with a variety of stakeholders at the district and state levels. Continuing collaborations with Charles City County, Chesterfield, and Richmond City schools; Richmond City Health District and Chickahominy Health District; Hanover Food Network; Chesterfield Coach; Henrico and Richmond City WIC; Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Hopewell, and Petersburg Head Starts; Henrico Federal Preschool; Richmond City and Hanover Farmers markets; and, Youth Health Equity Leadership Initiative, Feedmore, and other community partners led to partnerships whereby teachers, nurses, and community agency staff/volunteers included physical activity and nutrition education as a part of their common goals. In addition, partnerships with local program assistants, Extension agents, specialists, and Master Volunteers supported and enhanced the work of the SNAP-Ed team at the local level. These volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: In 2016, successful partnerships resulted in 130 collaborator volunteers contributing 546 hours of nutrition education. Teachers and Master Volunteers reached 12,704 preschool and school-aged children. At Woodville Elementary School in Richmond City, where Healthy Weights for Healthy Kids was taught, post-surveys of third, fourth, and fifth graders indicated that 91% are now choosing to eat breakfast most or every day, and that 80% are now choosing to eat fruits most days. Surveys also indicated that 89% choose to wash their hands most, or all of the time, before preparing to make something to eat, and 84% choose not to eat a food dish that has been left in the refrigerator for over a week. About 73% indicated that they are physically active most or every day.

Henry/Martinsville

Henry/Martinsville

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Highland

Highland

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

Reality Store was presented four times in Planning District 6, comprising Augusta, Bath, Highland, and Rockingham counties and Buena Vista, Harrisonburg, Lexington, Staunton, and Waynesboro. There were 562 participants, and 70 volunteers helped conduct the sessions.

Environment

Challenge: Positive youth development focuses on targeting life skills that girls and boys need to be successful, contributing members of society. Current studies indicate 56% of children ages 8-12 have a cellphone. According to the Pew Research Center, 86% of Americans currently use the internet and Facebook usage is on the rise. With social media and texting playing a bigger role in how our youth choose to communicate, camping programs allow youth the opportunity to put away technology and connect with each other through face-to-face interactions.

Action: Communication is an essential skill. Youth attending short term residential camping programs are afforded many opportunities to strengthen and develop their communication skills. It is important for girls and boys to be able to talk to their peer, and to adults, and to make new friends. By attending these camping programs, youth develop confidence in sharing their opinions by developing activities, preparing team challenges, and living in a group environment.

Results: Junior 4-H Camp for Alleghany, Augusta, Bath, Highland, and Rockingham was held in July and 346 campers, counselors, and adults attended the week-long residential camp. Out of a total of 37 randomly surveyed Jr. 4-H campers, 91% indicated they would come back next year and 85% of campers were very satisfied, or satisfied with their overall camping experience. Post-camp surveys from the 2016 Junior Camping Program indicated that campers ages 9-13 reported an increase in their ability and comfort in communicating with adults and peers as a result of attending 4-H camp. During camp, 87% of youth felt they could talk to teens and adults. After attending camp, surveys indicated a 14% increase in youth feeling comfortable speaking up when witnessing bullying. These survey results support the hypothesis that 4-H Camp does indeed enhance and increase girls' and boys' confidence in communicating with adults, teens, and their peers.

Isle of Wight

Isle of Wight

Economy (Education)

Challenge: The frequency and diversity of Virginia 4-H STEM programs have increased in recent years. Program descriptions and county-level reporting indicate that these programs are reaching a large number of youth: A total of 97,045 youth (48% of enrollment) completed at least one STEM project in 2014-15. While some of these programs have been disseminated and supported at the state level (e.g., Maker), many have developed at the local level due to youth and volunteer interest. A comprehensive statewide survey of STEM programs has not been undertaken since the rapid expansion of 4-H STEM programming. A STEM program survey of 4-H agents and volunteers provides an updated snapshot of existing programs that could be replicated, identifies areas for STEM program growth, and guides STEM professional development planning.

Action: In 2016, the STEM sub-team of the Positive Youth Development Program Team developed and administered a STEM program survey for 4-H agents, volunteer leaders, and other extension personnel involved in STEM-related youth programs. The results of this survey will allow the STEM sub-team to share successes across the commonwealth, identify needs for STEM professional development, and identify resources needed for STEM programs. These findings will be used to focus plans for future professional development and STEM program support.

Results: About 27 existing STEM programs were reported on by a total of 18 Extension agents, specialists, and volunteers. Results indicate that Virginia has a wide variety of STEM offerings, spanning multiple delivery modes, for youth. Of the programs reported on, 42% are in-school enrichment programs, 22% are after-school programs, 14% are programs held at camp, 11% are special-interest clubs, and 11% are traditional 4-H clubs. STEM programs are in a diverse range of content areas, including archery, animal science, electricity, robotics, rocketry, scientific investigations, and environmental/water education. The most frequently listed agent-support needs were hands-on training, funding, curriculum materials and supplies, volunteers and volunteer support, and evaluation assistance.

In Isle of Wight and Southampton counties, there is a thriving camp program with 156 campers and 61 teens who learned about archery, robotics, maker activities, animal science, and environmental/water education. The Isle of Wight public school system is moving towards project-based learning. There will be a working farm in Windsor, and Smithfield will have a technical school offering courses in nursing, automotive, and cosmetology.

James City

Economy

Challenge: Because Virginia is among the top three states with the highest number of military installations, it is critical that each link in the structure of the Virginia 4-H military program is maintained. In Virginia, 4-H clubs have been established on Army, Navy, and Air Force installations, which represent 11 military installations with 14 sites. Training provided by Virginia Cooperative Extension's state, local staff, and volunteers helps military staff deliver a variety of programs and projects focused on experiential learning and the development of life skills to military youth.

Response: A 4-H Military Club Director was responsible for gathering, compiling, and submitting reports for the 4-H Military Partnership Grant provided by the Department of Defense. Local support of each installation site was provided by Extension agents located in the county or city near each installation. Four part-time 4-H Installation Club coordinators provided support to 4-H staff responsible for chartering clubs, enrolling members, training club leaders, and involving 4-H military club members in local, regional, and state programs. Branch focus area greatly influenced the identification of outcomes that gave staff members direction as they planned programming to develop life skills in the youth. The 4-H project focus areas were citizenship, healthy living, and science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM).

Projects in the citizenship focus area included 4-H Day at the Capitol, club officer training, presentations, theater arts, service learning, character education, and bully prevention. Projects in the healthy living focus area included 4-H cooking, dashboard dining, Teen Cuisine, first aid, and steps for being a healthy teen. STEM projects included National 4-H Youth Science Day Experiment–Motion Commotion, junk-drawer robotics, environmental education, and gardening.

Participants were invited to complete the 4-H Common Measures evaluation, which was completed by approximately 129 youth. Responses showed the following results in the three project focus areas:

Citizenship: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 88% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they don't let their friends talk them into doing something that they don't want to do; 90% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they can apply knowledge in ways that solve real-life problems through community service.

Healthy Living: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 93% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they learned how to make healthy food choices; 85% agreed or strongly agreed that they now eat more fruits and vegetables.

STEM: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 85% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they want to learn more about science; 94% agreed or strongly agreed that they like experimenting and testing ideas.

King George has a 4-H Military Club at the Dahlgren Youth Activity Center (YAC) with 91 registered youth in the 2016 4-H year. Several training programs were conducted with YAC staff members during the year to support their 4-H programming. Youth were trained in club organization, Teen Cuisine, and drone discovery during the year. The Hampton 4-H Program provided staff development training for 46 Langley-Fort Eustis Joint Bases staff on team-building, 4-H curriculum showcase, and conflict resolution to support 4-H programming.

More than 120 youth participated in STEM, Health Rocks, Character Education, and Nutrition programs. The James City County 4-H Program supports a Cloverbud Club at the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station. This club serves approximately 10 youth with monthly club meetings during the school year and provided approximately 42 youth with a summer-long day-camp experience in 2016. Training and curriculum resources are regularly provided to volunteer club leaders.

King and Queen

King and Queen

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

King George

King George

Economy

Challenge: Because Virginia is among the top three states with the highest number of military installations, it is critical that each link in the structure of the Virginia 4-H military program is maintained. In Virginia, 4-H clubs have been established on Army, Navy, and Air Force installations, which represent 11 military installations with 14 sites. Training provided by Virginia Cooperative Extension's state, local staff, and volunteers helps military staff deliver a variety of programs and projects focused on experiential learning and the development of life skills to military youth.

Response: A 4-H Military Club Director was responsible for gathering, compiling, and submitting reports for the 4-H Military Partnership Grant provided by the Department of Defense. Local support of each installation site was provided by Extension agents located in the county or city near each installation. Four part-time 4-H Installation Club coordinators provided support to 4-H staff responsible for chartering clubs, enrolling members, training club leaders, and involving 4-H military club members in local, regional, and state programs. Branch focus area greatly influenced the identification of outcomes that gave staff members direction as they planned programming to develop life skills in the youth. The 4-H project focus areas were citizenship, healthy living, and science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM).

Projects in the citizenship focus area included 4-H Day at the Capitol, club officer training, presentations, theater arts, service learning, character education, and bully prevention. Projects in the healthy living focus area included 4-H cooking, dashboard dining, Teen Cuisine, first aid, and steps for being a healthy teen. STEM projects included National 4-H Youth Science Day Experiment–Motion Commotion, junk-drawer robotics, environmental education, and gardening.

Participants were invited to complete the 4-H Common Measures evaluation, which was completed by approximately 129 youth. Responses showed the following results in the three project focus areas:

Citizenship: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 88% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they don't let their friends talk them into doing something that they don't want to do; 90% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they can apply knowledge in ways that solve real-life problems through community service.

Healthy Living: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 93% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they learned how to make healthy food choices; 85% agreed or strongly agreed that they now eat more fruits and vegetables.

STEM: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 85% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they want to learn more about science; 94% agreed or strongly agreed that they like experimenting and testing ideas.

King George has a 4-H Military Club at the Dahlgren Youth Activity Center (YAC) with 91 registered youth in the 2016 4-H year. Several training programs were conducted with YAC staff members during the year to support their 4-H programming. Youth were trained in club organization, Teen Cuisine, and drone discovery during the year. The Hampton 4-H Program provided staff development training for 46 Langley-Fort Eustis Joint Bases staff on team-building, 4-H curriculum showcase, and conflict resolution to support 4-H programming.

More than 120 youth participated in STEM, Health Rocks, Character Education, and Nutrition programs. The James City County 4-H Program supports a Cloverbud Club at the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station. This club serves approximately 10 youth with monthly club meetings during the school year and provided approximately 42 youth with a summer-long day-camp experience in 2016. Training and curriculum resources are regularly provided to volunteer club leaders.

King William

King William

Environment

Challenge: Federal and state pesticide laws and regulations require pesticide applicators to be certified to use restricted-use pesticides. In addition, Virginia law requires all commercial applicators to be certified to use any pesticide. It is mandatory that these applicators renew their pesticide licenses through continuing education every two years. Without pesticide safety and integrated pest management (IPM) education to enable these individuals to do so, many would suffer economic hardships and violate the law. A lack of knowledge in pesticide safety and IPM practices threatens human health and the environment.

With the amount of herbicide-resistant crops being planted, the potential for herbicide drift increases. Producers need to be equipped with the proper tools so that herbicide drift is minimized.

Action: Pesticide Recertification Classes were taught in Hanover, New Kent, King William, Essex, and Middlesex Counties to participants from the Middle Peninsula and surrounding counties. Taught by Extension agents, the programs included demonstrations and lectures to ensure that participants were up-to-date and educated on pesticide safety and proper use.

Results: During the five area-wide programs, 87 private pesticide applicators were trained and recertified to use restricted-use pesticides. A total of 87 pesticide applicators gained additional knowledge in pesticide safety and IPM through recertification training. In addition, 87 pesticide production units/pest control operations adopted one or more additional IPM products, services, tactics, or practices for selected commodities and/or at selected sites. As a result of the pesticide safety education and IPM programs, 87 applicators successfully maintained their pesticide applicator certifications to legally apply pesticides in the commonwealth.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Lancaster

Lancaster

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

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Challenge: The Northern Neck consists of Westmoreland, Richmond, Northumberland, and Lancaster counties. With 1,396 miles of shoreline bordering the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, and the Chesapeake Bay, the quality of these resources depends upon environmental and stewardship education.

Action: The Westmoreland/Richmond County 4-H program offered a three-day local day camp called 4-H Water Wizards, which focused on watersheds and water quality. Day 1, which introduced the concept of watersheds and human impact, was based at George Washington Birthplace National Monument on Pope's Creek. Two park rangers were instructional partners, and activities focused on land-use changes over time. Day 2 took place at Westmoreland State Park. One ranger was a partner in the day's activities, which included collecting macroinvertebrates, watershed activities, hiking, and seining in the Potomac River. Day 3 was a charter boat trip on the Chesapeake Bay, including such activities as map studies, measuring water quality, discussing current issues, recording data, and keeping journals.

Results: Ten youth participated the program. Oral reflection and written evaluation results indicate that, as a result of the camp, 88% can define watershed; 100% can define water quality; 88% agree that marshes and wetlands are important because they serve the function of keeping the water clean; 88% agree that there are many indicators of water quality; and 100% understand that their personal actions and decisions can affect the quality of water in the Chesapeake Bay.

Lee

Lee

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program (FNP) SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more comprehensive interventions.

Action: During 2016, SNAP-Ed Extension continues collaborations with Washington, Russell, Smyth, Buchanan, Wythe, Lee, Tazewell, and Grayson counties and Bristol City Schools. Volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: Successful partnerships in 2016 resulted in 231 volunteers providing nutrition education to 5,846 youth and 257 adults. Skills and knowledge that were gained through the programming include basic nutrition, food safety, meal planning, active play, and proper hand-washing. The LEAP Program was implemented in the Head Start Programs of schools in Washington County, Bristol City, Lee County, Washington County, Russell County, Rooftop of Virginia, Smyth County, and Russell County Schools. A total of 124 volunteers provided 1,364 hours of nutrition education. The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program was implemented at Bristol City Schools and Raven Elementary. A total of 38 volunteers provided 228 hours of nutrition education. The OWG curriculum was implemented at Washington County Elementary, Russell County Elementary, and Dublin Elementary Schools. A total of 10 volunteers provided 112 hours of nutrition education. The HWHK curriculum was implemented at Wythe County Elementary/Middle Schools and Russell County Middle Schools. Twelve volunteers provided 118 hours of nutrition education. The Teen Cuisine Curriculum was implemented at Richlands Middle School, Tazewell Middle School, Grayson County High School, and Russell County Technical Center. Four volunteers provided 67 hours of nutrition education. Numerous schools have indicated that their students are more likely to choose fruits and vegetables as a result of the programming. Through health fairs, farmers market demonstrations, and the use of newsletters and flyers, 10,673 indirect contacts were made.

Loudoun

Loudoun

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

Two Reality Store simulations were conducted in Loudoun County. Between the two high schools, there were 429 seniors in attendance and more than 30 community volunteers.

Health and Disease, Food and Nutrition

Challenge: Each year in the U.S., there are approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths linked to foodborne illness.

Action: To safeguard the health of Loudoun County citizens and to prevent outbreaks, Extension is delivering safety workshops to the food industry, including farmers market vendors, growers, farmers, and entrepreneurs who sell products to the public.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Louisa

Louisa

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Lunenburg

Lunenburg

Economy

Challenge: According to the most recent U.S. Census data, the median household income of Lunenburg County citizens is $35,237, or 55% of the state average. Per capita income in 2013 dollars was $17,630, or just half of the state average. Twenty-two percent of Lunenburg County residents live below the poverty level, and only 11.9% of persons 25 years of age or older have a bachelor's degree or higher. Lunenburg County administrators, indicating that poverty prevention and lifting citizens out of poverty were high priorities, asked Extension to help address these issues.

Action: Two Lunenburg Extension agents worked to re-appoint members to the Extension Leadership Council (ELC) — a key conduit between Extension and the community — after several members retired. The agents' priority was to seek new members who could help develop a plan outlining effective means of addressing poverty, with the long-term needs of the county in mind.

Results: A cohesive body consisting of town managers, representatives from the Water Conservation District, the Farm Bureau, and other key organizations, as well as teachers, a guidance counselor, a beef producer, and other citizen representatives, is now in place. This ELC is proving to be the most interactive, with each member contributing useful input and ideas.

The agents and the ELC have formulated a three-year plan to develop long-term community relationships on which to build efforts to connect youth with life after high school by way of college and technical school tours, financial aid assistance, college fairs, self-discovery, and more. Agents are making progress with the Lunenburg County school system and anticipate developing a strategy to help high school juniors and seniors take advantage of opportunities to continue their education and professional development. The ELC has also secured $10,000 to assist with these efforts.

— — —

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Lynchburg

Lynchburg

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Madison

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

Kids Marketplace was conducted four times for third grade students in Orange and Madison counties, with a total of 287 students participating. Assisting with implementation of the programs were 67 volunteers who contributed 178 hours.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Mathews

Mathews

Economy

Challenge: According to a recent study conducted by Capital One Financial Corporation surveying high school seniors, about 45% of those polled stated that they were unsure or unprepared to manage their own banking and personal finances, and only 30% had ever taken a personal finance class. Of those who had taken a personal finance class, 75% said they feel prepared to manage their finances, while 66% of the seniors rated themselves as "highly" or "very" knowledgeable about personal finance, compared to only 30% for seniors who had taken no financial education course.

Surveys by other financial institutions have shown similar results: a lack of personal financial skills for students entering adulthood, and a significant improvement in those financial skills for students who participated in a financial education course.

The Extension Reality Store simulation program ties directly into Code of VA section 22.1-200.03, which directs the Virginia Board of Education to "establish objectives for economic education and financial literacy."

Response: Reality Store, an Extension program offered as an interdisciplinary effort of FCS and 4-H, provides participants with a taste of reality through an educational role-playing simulation related to making financial choices. In 2016, Reality Store was offered to ninth graders at Mathews High School in Mathews County. During the event, a total of 52 ninth graders participated in a hands-on educational exercise designed to increase awareness of life's expenses and to promote financial literacy, while emphasizing the importance of school work in the career equation. Around 15-20 community volunteers served as staffers of the "stores," where students purchased everything from pets to transportation.

Results: In post-activity evaluation, 88% of youth reported that Reality Store increased their awareness of the importance of making wise financial choices. In addition, 96% reported that they believed having insurance and a savings account would help in the case of an emergency, and 88% of students agreed that there was a clear relationship between their performance in school, participation in community activities, and future occupation.

Mecklenburg

Mecklenburg

Economy

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The longer food sits, the more it decreases in nutritional value. In some cases, local food can be harvested and consumed in the same day, making it a much healthier option. The challenge is increasing the availability and consumption of local foods so that these health benefits can be realized.

Action: In an effort to expand the availability of local produce, Extension, Master Food Volunteers, and others planned, planted, and harvested the Mecklenburg Cooperative Extension Community Garden. Produce from the garden was made available to the general public, various community agencies, faith-based community, and volunteers.

Results: More than 500 pounds of fresh produce found its way into the homes of more than 90 families around Mecklenburg County. In addition, the Lake Country Area Agency on Aging received approximately 1,500 pounds of fresh produce for congregate meal sites and home deliveries. Garden produce was also used for food preservation workshops, food demonstrations, and Master Food Volunteer trainings.

— — —

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Health and Disease

Challenge: Currently, there are 29 million U.S. adults living with diabetes, and 86 million with pre-diabetes. Over half a million Virginia adults were living with diabetes in 2013, with an annual diabetes-related death rate of 18.8%. The primary driver of diabetes, overweight/obesity, is found in 62% of Virginia adults. At the same time, only 20% of adults eat the recommended five daily servings of fruits and vegetables, and only half meet exercise guidelines. There is a critical need for accessible, effective lifestyle-change programs for people with diabetes to alter the trajectory of these statistics.

Action: Extension has formed a unique collaboration with diabetes educators, healthcare organizations, local departments of health, and community organizations to bring diabetes education to resource-limited rural counties in Virginia. The Balanced Living with Diabetes Program is a five-session lifestyle-change program that spans three months and leads participants through a process of developing healthy diet and activity behaviors that result in improved diabetes management.

Results: Sixteen Balanced Living with Diabetes programs were conducted in 15 rural counties last year, and a total of 141 Virginia residents participated in these programs statewide. Participants ranged in age from 24 to 87 years. The majority (70%) had less than a college education and an annual income of less than $40,000 (55%). Most were either diabetic or pre-diabetic. Of the 62 participants who provided follow-up information, 15 (24%) showed clinically significant improvement of their blood sugar, measured by a reduction in hemoglobin. Weight control is also very important for the control of diabetes.

A total of 61% of participants who provided follow-up information lost weight, with an average weight loss of 6.9 pounds.

These results can be attributed to better health behaviors: 60% of participants reported an increase in their fruit and vegetable consumption, and 52% reported an increase in their weekly exercise. Extension will continue to focus on this successful program that is improving the health of Virginia residents with diabetes — and will also reduce healthcare costs and increase the length and quality of their lives.

Middlesex

Middlesex

Environment

Challenge: Federal and state pesticide laws and regulations require pesticide applicators to be certified to use restricted-use pesticides. In addition, Virginia law requires all commercial applicators to be certified to use any pesticide. It is mandatory that these applicators renew their pesticide licenses through continuing education every two years. Without pesticide safety and integrated pest management (IPM) education to enable these individuals to do so, many would suffer economic hardships and violate the law. A lack of knowledge in pesticide safety and IPM practices threatens human health and the environment.

With the amount of herbicide-resistant crops being planted, the potential for herbicide drift increases. Producers need to be equipped with the proper tools so that herbicide drift is minimized.

Action: Pesticide Recertification Classes were taught in Hanover, New Kent, King William, Essex, and Middlesex Counties to participants from the Middle Peninsula and surrounding counties. Taught by Extension agents, the programs included demonstrations and lectures to ensure that participants were up-to-date and educated on pesticide safety and proper use.

Results: During the five area-wide programs, 87 private pesticide applicators were trained and recertified to use restricted-use pesticides. A total of 87 pesticide applicators gained additional knowledge in pesticide safety and IPM through recertification training. In addition, 87 pesticide production units/pest control operations adopted one or more additional IPM products, services, tactics, or practices for selected commodities and/or at selected sites. As a result of the pesticide safety education and IPM programs, 87 applicators successfully maintained their pesticide applicator certifications to legally apply pesticides in the commonwealth.

Montgomery

Montgomery

Economy

Challenge: Hiring managers prioritize skills such as the ability to work in a team structure, to make decisions and solve problems, to communicate verbally with people, and to plan, organize, and prioritize work. Programs that provide youth with opportunities to develop the skills and talents required for the workplace are needed to ensure that youth become well-rounded, confident adults.

Action: Montgomery, Pulaski, Floyd, Giles, and Patrick counties 4-H staff organized a PD-4 Area Contest. The contest, held May 7, 2016, at Riverlawn Elementary School in Fairlawn, Virginia, provided opportunities for youth to practice their verbal communication skills and their creative talents. The contest included several components: presentations, public speaking, talent show performances, science fair presentations, and a dramatic reading.

Results: Eighty-nine students from the above counties participated in the area contest. The majority of parents (76% of those surveyed) agreed or strongly agreed that participation in the 4-H Area Contest helped their children build stronger self-esteem (93%), communication (92%), organizational (81%), leadership (78%), research (80%), problem-solving (80%), and character (83%) skills. When asked to rate the overall effectiveness of Area Contest in helping their children develop these life skills on a scale from 1 (not effective) to 10 (very effective), parents reported an average rating of 8.6.

Some of the parents' comments emphasizing the impact for their children included the following: "Excellent practical experience in public speaking and learning to prepare for same;" "Participation has helped him to build more confidence. He has also become comfortable doing something his friends might not want to do and being proud of it."

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: Many needy families, including pregnant women, infants, and children, in Montgomery County need access to fresh, nutritious foods in order to be healthy.

Action: Extension partnered with the Family Nutrition Program, the New River Valley Health District, and the Community Health Center of the New River Valley to create a community garden in Christiansburg called the Farmacy Garden. The purpose of the community garden is to provide a living laboratory where residents can learn about soil health, vegetable production, integrated pest management, nutrition, food preservation, and preparation through hands-on programs and gardening opportunities.

Results: Families who qualify for supplemental nutrition assistance through the Women Infants and Children program received fresh fruits, vegetables, and herbs in their weekly benefit allowance. Physicians from the Community Health Center also prescribe fresh produce to their patients from the garden. Last year, 31 adult participants and 16 children worked a combined 725.5 hours in the garden, growing more than 800 pounds of produce. Community Health Center physicians wrote 19 prescriptions. A total of 15 of the 31 adult participants were active patients of the Community Health Center. Now in its third season, the Farmacy Garden has continued to cultivate and strengthen its relationships with partner agencies and the broader community.

Water

Challenge: Upstream urbanization, stream channelization, and livestock access have resulted in significant sediment loading to Stroubles Creek, which runs through the Town of Blacksburg. The stream has been listed as impaired by the state. In 2006, the Stroubles Creek TMDL Implementation Plan identified the need for additional agricultural, stream channel, and stormwater management best-management practices to help reduce urban runoff and sediment loading to the creek.

Action: Since 2009, a team of Virginia Tech researchers has implemented management practices to control stormwater and reduce sediment to Stroubles Creek.

Results: The research team's efforts include stream restoration on more than 3,000 feet of Stroubles Creek and a tributary and exclusion of livestock from stream access along 7,600 feet of the main stream channel and two tributaries. The team has planted riparian forest along 7,000 feet of the main channel and two tributaries, in addition to planting 250 feet of streamside forest on a tributary, and has installed bioretention cells at several locations.

— — —

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Nelson

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

New Kent

New Kent

Environment

Challenge: Federal and state pesticide laws and regulations require pesticide applicators to be certified to use restricted-use pesticides. In addition, Virginia law requires all commercial applicators to be certified to use any pesticide. It is mandatory that these applicators renew their pesticide licenses through continuing education every two years. Without pesticide safety and integrated pest management (IPM) education to enable these individuals to do so, many would suffer economic hardships and violate the law. A lack of knowledge in pesticide safety and IPM practices threatens human health and the environment.

With the amount of herbicide-resistant crops being planted, the potential for herbicide drift increases. Producers need to be equipped with the proper tools so that herbicide drift is minimized.

Action: Pesticide Recertification Classes were taught in Hanover, New Kent, King William, Essex, and Middlesex Counties to participants from the Middle Peninsula and surrounding counties. Taught by Extension agents, the programs included demonstrations and lectures to ensure that participants were up-to-date and educated on pesticide safety and proper use.

Results: During the five area-wide programs, 87 private pesticide applicators were trained and recertified to use restricted-use pesticides. A total of 87 pesticide applicators gained additional knowledge in pesticide safety and IPM through recertification training. In addition, 87 pesticide production units/pest control operations adopted one or more additional IPM products, services, tactics, or practices for selected commodities and/or at selected sites. As a result of the pesticide safety education and IPM programs, 87 applicators successfully maintained their pesticide applicator certifications to legally apply pesticides in the commonwealth.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Newport News

Newport News

Water, Food and Nutrition

Challenge: Red crab can be caught in the Atlantic Ocean at depths of up to 2,000 feet from North Carolina to New England. Although a successful fishery for frozen red crabs has existed in New England for 25 years, a similar fishery never developed in Virginia. Red crabs are brought to the dock alive in refrigerated seawater hold boats. In Virginia, a fishery for live crab sales might develop if a viable live-holding facility existed, but the state didn't have such a facility.

Action: An industry/Extension committee was formed in 2014 to build an on-shore live recirculating-water holding system that would purify the water using biological processes. Industry committed to build a facility, with advice from Extension personal. Most of the money to build the facility came from industry, with additional funds from the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. The live-holding facility was built in Newport News and used in both 2015 and 2016. During those two years, Virginia Seafood AREC experts managed over 150 water samples that were carefully monitored. Industry learned how to use the water-sample results to add sodium bicarbonate and to do water exchanges so that nitrifying bacteria and crabs were kept alive.

Results: In 2015, in 13 fishing trips, a total of about 303,000 pounds of red crab were packed with an approximate ex-vessel of $605,000. In 2016, in 19 fishing trips, 237,585 pounds of fish were packed at an ex-vessel value of $534,566. Total ex-vessel value for the two years was $1,139,566. As expected, export markets to mainland China developed. Nearly every one of the 32 trips resulted in live crabs exported to China. Local retail markets also developed. Unexpectedly, a unique method of seafood distribution, blending old and new methods, began to develop in 2016. Chinese-American merchants started selling live red crab using a phone app. They asked their customers to place orders by the app when the boat came to the dock. These merchants then bought the approximate amount of crab for their orders and delivered it to predetermined neighborhood locations where the customers picked up the crab. Although the live facility was removed from Newport News, it is in the process of being reinstalled in Hampton. However, there is current discussion between industry and Extension about how to best get the system fully functioning again. In the future, it is likely that red crab will become an important Virginia fishery.

Norfolk

Norfolk

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Responsible forest management practices can bring value to natural areas and to consumers. Virginia's natural resources are a major component of the Standards of Learning (SOLs), and teachers can address SOLs using the forest and forest products as methods to enhance lesson plans and activities.

Action: To enhance teachers' knowledge of forestry issues, a 30-hour professional development field-tour program called Trees to Products was developed. The program was designed to provide teachers with factual information about Virginia's hardwood forests and to link these concepts to the SOLs. Teachers see and learn about the sustainable and renewable resource of trees and how trees are converted into a variety of everyday products.

Results: The 2016 Trees to Products program reached 13 educators (from these cities and counties: Arlington, Craig, Giles, Gloucester, Harrisonburg, Norfolk, Norton, Powhatan, Stafford, Washington, and Wise) who instruct approximately 1,000 students each year. This annual program has been conducted 11 times since 2006 and has reached 119 educators who annually instruct approximately 13,150 students. A post-program evaluation indicated that all teachers would utilize the information gained to improve existing lesson plans and/or create new lesson plans. One hundred percent of the teachers said their students will increase their understanding of Virginia's forests as a renewable natural resource important to the economy. Follow-up surveys and interviews indicate that teachers routinely use the information learned to better explain renewable natural resources and to explain how forest products are made.

Northampton

Northampton

Economy

Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Impact: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The no. 1 industry in Northampton County is agriculture; however, 75% of the nearly 12,000 residents in the county have little interaction with agriculture. About fifty years ago, a county fair would educate and involve residents of the county.

Action: In collaboration with the Northampton County Chamber of Commerce, the Eastern Shore Young Farmers, and Northampton Extension, the Northampton County Agricultural Fair was brought back for county citizens to learn more about the agriculture around them. This event, which was hosted at the Northampton County Extension office, was free and open to the public and featured a tractor-driving contest, a pie-baking contest, an oyster-shucking contest, a skillet-throwing contest, and more. Volunteer involvement was crucial for organization of the agricultural fair, and nearly 75 volunteers participated in the event.

Approximately 15 educational booths from cooperating partners were set up to educate the public about agriculture on the Eastern Shore. Beyond planning the event, Extension hosted two booths at the fair. Equipment was brought in for display by large equipment dealers, such as Hoober, Inc. and John Deere. In addition, a petting zoo, pony rides, and milking demonstrations were available to attendees, and an antique tractor parade kicked off the scheduled events.

Results: Atended by more than 700 people, the agricultural fair brought back the "county fair" to Northampton County, at the same time creating an awareness of agriculture.

Health and Disease

Challenge: Between 2009 and 2013, the state of Virginia averaged 302 cases of foodborne illness per year. For each confirmed case, there are an estimated 20-38 unconfirmed cases. Therefore, between 6,044 and 11,476 Virginians suffered from foodborne illness each of those years. The estimated economic loss from foodborne illness in Virginia during those years may be between 9.8 and 18.7 million dollars per year. The Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and its resulting rules were finalized in 2015, changing the regulatory environment. The marketplace now has more stringent food safety requirements. Growers selling to larger buyer channels and institutions are often required to obtain a Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) certification audit, and some must comply with FSMA's Produce Safety Rule (PSR). To comply, produce growers must receive specific training authorized by the rule. In contrast, growers selling through direct market channels do not need certification. Regardless of the market outlet requirements and the size of a produce farm, access to food safety education is crucial. Training and resources must be relevant, research-based and geared to particular audience needs.

Results: About 30 growers learned how to conduct an on-farm risk assessment on their farms, identify risks, implement GAP, and begin developing food safety plans, with three growers passing third party audits, thereby opening new markets for their products. Additionally, agents worked closely with Extension specialists to provide 77 growers intermediate or advanced level training related to on-farm and marketplace food safety risks, GAP, and/or safely operating produce packing facilities. Further, gearing up for training growers falling under the FSMA Produce Safety Rule (PSR), 11 presentations about the PSR were delivered to 450 growers, 21 extension agents, and 45 state/county/city officials. Five agents attended the Produce Safety Alliance (PSA) train-the-trainer workshop and became certified PSR trainers, with five additional trainers to be trained in early 2017. Additionally, two specialists became certified lead trainers in 2016.

As a result, 55 growers received training in the PSA curriculum thereby meeting the training requirement for FSMA compliance; multiple trainings throughout the state are planned for 2017. Participants were evaluated for the trainings and mentoring to determine the knowledge and intended behavior changes of participants. Those who completed evaluations said they had benefitted from the hands-on workshops, and their knowledge had increased in terms of identifying on-farm risks and GAP, and the importance of documenting food safety procedures.

Additionally, growers who took the FSMA PSR training completed a pre- and post-test to determine changes in knowledge and understanding. As a result of the training, scores on the post-tests suggested a 33% increase in knowledge gained. While it is too early to measure the longer-term economic or public health impacts of this work, the efforts described here are foundational to building capacity for educational extension and delivering targeted educational programming to a wide range of producer needs. Thus, this multi-leveled approach is cultivating a stronger food safety culture among produce growers in Virginia. Ultimately, Virginia-grown produce will be safer, linked to fewer recalls and foodborne outbreaks, resulting in less economic loss for the state.

Northumberland

Northumberland

Water

Challenge: The Northern Neck consists of Westmoreland, Richmond, Northumberland, and Lancaster counties. With 1,396 miles of shoreline bordering the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, and the Chesapeake Bay, the quality of these resources depends upon environmental and stewardship education.

Action: The Westmoreland/Richmond County 4-H program offered a three-day local day camp called 4-H Water Wizards, which focused on watersheds and water quality. Day 1, which introduced the concept of watersheds and human impact, was based at George Washington Birthplace National Monument on Pope's Creek. Two park rangers were instructional partners, and activities focused on land-use changes over time. Day 2 took place at Westmoreland State Park. One ranger was a partner in the day's activities, which included collecting macroinvertebrates, watershed activities, hiking, and seining in the Potomac River. Day 3 was a charter boat trip on the Chesapeake Bay, including such activities as map studies, measuring water quality, discussing current issues, recording data, and keeping journals.

Results: Ten youth participated the program. Oral reflection and written evaluation results indicate that, as a result of the camp, 88% can define watershed; 100% can define water quality; 88% agree that marshes and wetlands are important because they serve the function of keeping the water clean; 88% agree that there are many indicators of water quality; and 100% understand that their personal actions and decisions can affect the quality of water in the Chesapeake Bay.

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Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Nottoway

Nottoway

Economy

Challenge: Although the Nation's Report Card average scale scores in math and reading are above the national average in Virginia, science scores have decreased. Increased understanding of science concepts, especially at the elementary and middle school levels, is needed. Nottoway County schools requested assistance with science investigations during their science classes. Extension, through its 4-H role, is uniquely positioned to provide children with opportunities to learn science concepts and to practice science skills.

Action: Nottoway Extension planned and implemented seven lessons throughout the year. Working with volunteers and professional collaborators, the county's 4-H agent provided STEM programming in the areas of scientific method, teamwork, and public speaking through in-school enrichment to children in grades 4 and 6 in. Many students engaged in these programs also had the opportunity to participate in day and residential camps.

Results: Each class received one hour of instruction with seven classes meeting on one topic each month for a total of 42 sessions. As a result of participating in Nottoway's 4-H STEM programs, participants reported the following: 98% of youth increased their knowledge in STEM, and 95% of youth increased their skills and abilities in STEM.

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Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

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Challenge: In 2016, the tobacco growers of Virginia planted more than 21,000 acres of flue-cured tobacco. The farm gate value of the 2016 tobacco crop was $122 million (including organic) with an overall economic impact of $378.2 million.

This highly specialized crop requires extensive management and expertise and is a high-input, high-value commodity crop. The tobacco growers of Virginia rely on Extension to provide research, production recommendations, and pest diagnosis/remediation for this high-value crop.

Action: The Virginia Tobacco Extension Program is available to tobacco growers at every point during the production season. During the winter months, meetings held throughout the state provide the production information needed to plan the crop. During the greenhouse and field portion of the season, Extension agents and tobacco specialists work together to field hundreds of phone calls and conduct hundreds of on-site visits for consultation with growers. In addition, experts work to plan and execute research trials on the station and on-farm throughout the state. The efforts by Extension staff result in information generation, dissemination and problem-solving for the tobacco-growing community of Virginia.

Results: During the 2016 Area Tobacco Production Meetings, growers were surveyed about the impact that the Virginia Tobacco Extension Program has on their operations. Surveys had an 84% response rate, and the results were overwhelmingly positive. Of those returning surveys, 95% indicated that they use Extension programs more than once yearly and 93% rated Extension information as important or very important. Extension is effecting change in these operations with 85% reporting a management change as a direct result of Extension information. Of those that reported a management change, 52% reported greater yield, 41% reported less disease incidence, 31% reported greater revenue, 20% reported enhanced marketability and 27% reported greater insect pest control.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Orange

Orange

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

Kids Marketplace was conducted four times for third grade students in Orange and Madison counties, with a total of 287 students participating. Assisting with implementation of the programs were 67 volunteers who contributed 178 hours.

Environment

Challenge: Forestland owners, 65 years of age and older, own 41% of Virginia's 10.6 million acres of private forestland. High land values and taxes cause many heirs to sell land to meet financial obligations — a major force behind an annual loss of 16,000 forested acres. At this time, Virginia is on the cusp of the largest intergenerational transfer of family forests ever, and landowners need to know how to protect their land. A common barrier to estate planning is a lack of understanding planning tools and resources and not knowing where to start.

Action: To generate awareness of this issue, previous landowner programs have included brief conservation-planning sessions. A 12-hour, in-depth course titled Land Transfer to Generation "NEXT" was piloted in Charlottesville in 2009, and has been presented in Warrenton, Palmyra, Staunton, Farmville, Rockbridge, South Boston, and Orange between 2010 and 2016. The program design draws from national curricula and utilizes local experts to develop new material and initiate participant planning. Specifically, the course utilizes the expertise of private legal and financial professionals, conservation specialists, and extension agents.

The course has been compledted by 235 individuals representing 163 family units.

Results: Results: Following course participation, landowners can better articulate their land-transfer goals and begin planning. Participants indicated that the program would increase the likelihood of their property staying intact (83%), in the family (79%), and in woodland (80%). Follow-up surveys reveal that in the six months following the course, 80% have begun estate planning. Participants estimate an average family savings of $450,000 as a result of this program. As these landowners continue executing their plans, more than 74,000 acres of land is expected to remain open and family-owned. The program has been recognized by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services as one of the most successful land-transition programs, and fellow educators have adopted this model.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Page

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

Two Reality Store simulations were taught in Page County, and 240 youth participated. The program was assisted by 50 community volunteers, with the help of the faculty, staff, and guidance departments at both high schools.

— — —

Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Impact: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Patrick

Patrick

Economy

Challenge: Hiring managers prioritize skills such as the ability to work in a team structure, to make decisions and solve problems, to communicate verbally with people, and to plan, organize, and prioritize work. Programs that provide youth with opportunities to develop the skills and talents required for the workplace are needed to ensure that youth become well-rounded, confident adults.

Action: Montgomery, Pulaski, Floyd, Giles, and Patrick counties 4-H staff organized a PD-4 Area Contest. The contest, held May 7, 2016, at Riverlawn Elementary School in Fairlawn, Virginia, provided opportunities for youth to practice their verbal communication skills and their creative talents. The contest included several components: presentations, public speaking, talent show performances, science fair presentations, and a dramatic reading.

Results: Eighty-nine students from the above counties participated in the area contest. The majority of parents (76% of those surveyed) agreed or strongly agreed that participation in the 4-H Area Contest helped their children build stronger self-esteem (93%), communication (92%), organizational (81%), leadership (78%), research (80%), problem-solving (80%), and character (83%) skills. When asked to rate the overall effectiveness of Area Contest in helping their children develop these life skills on a scale from 1 (not effective) to 10 (very effective), parents reported an average rating of 8.6.

Some of the parents' comments emphasizing the impact for their children included the following: "Excellent practical experience in public speaking and learning to prepare for same;" "Participation has helped him to build more confidence. He has also become comfortable doing something his friends might not want to do and being proud of it."

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Petersburg

Petersburg

Environment

Challenge: Local agricultural producers and organizations are concerned that youth (and parents alike) are unaware of where their food comes from; in addition, there has been a stated need in Dinwiddie County to improve the understanding and relationship between the general population and the agricultural community.

Action: To educate local youth from Dinwiddie County and City of Petersburg public schools and day care programs, Extension partnered with the Appomattox River Soil and Water Conservation to present a program called Urban Farm Day, which focuses on the importance of agriculture and the conservation of natural resources.

Results: This year's Dinwiddie Urban Farm Day educated more than 800 second grade students, teachers, and chaperons from both the county and the City of Petersburg. Participants were able to visit 15 learning stations addressing the primary agricultural commodities — peanuts, cotton, corn, soybeans, and wheat — grown in their county, as well forestry, wildlife, specialty products, soil, and water conservation. The experiential learning format engaged the students with Standards of Learning-targeted topics and helped the participants gain an appreciation for local farmers and resources. To date, the program has reached more than 27,000 students, parents, and volunteers. In addition, the organizers have provided guidance to help other Virginia communities host their own Farm Day.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for SNAP benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more-comprehensive interventions. In the greater Richmond area, 59.37% of SNAP households have children under 18, and 57.4% of SNAP households are members of minority groups.

Statewide, the 2016 elementary school post-surveys obtained through random sampling indicated that 77% of youth improved their ability to choose foods according to the federal dietary recommendations. Greater Richmond/SE District SNAP-Ed Volunteers Extend the Reach of the Family Nutrition Program and Combat Childhood Obesity in SNAP-Eligible Populations.

Action: During 2016, Extension maximized the FNP reach by collaborating with a variety of stakeholders at the district and state levels. Continuing collaborations with Charles City County, Chesterfield, and Richmond City schools; Richmond City Health District and Chickahominy Health District; Hanover Food Network; Chesterfield Coach; Henrico and Richmond City WIC; Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Hopewell, and Petersburg Head Starts; Henrico Federal Preschool; Richmond City and Hanover Farmers markets; and, Youth Health Equity Leadership Initiative, Feedmore, and other community partners led to partnerships whereby teachers, nurses, and community agency staff/volunteers included physical activity and nutrition education as a part of their common goals. In addition, partnerships with local program assistants, Extension agents, specialists, and Master Volunteers supported and enhanced the work of the SNAP-Ed team at the local level. These volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: In 2016, successful partnerships resulted in 130 collaborator volunteers contributing 546 hours of nutrition education. Teachers and Master Volunteers reached 12,704 preschool and school-aged children. At Woodville Elementary School in Richmond City, where Healthy Weights for Healthy Kids was taught, post-surveys of third, fourth, and fifth graders indicated that 91% are now choosing to eat breakfast most or every day, and that 80% are now choosing to eat fruits most days. Surveys also indicated that 89% choose to wash their hands most, or all of the time, before preparing to make something to eat, and 84% choose not to eat a food dish that has been left in the refrigerator for over a week. About 73% indicated that they are physically active most or every day.

Pittsylvania

Pittsylvania

Economy

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

— — —

Challenge: For many Danville residents, healthy, affordable foods are not easily accessible. Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in many chronic diseases, obesity, and poor health, which affect low-income and minority populations at higher rates. When the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation released its 2016 County Health Rankings, the city of Danville continued its downward slide, falling from 126 in 2015 to 132 (out of 134). The city is grappling with high rates of crime, poverty, and food insecurity, which is defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture as "a household-level economic and social condition of limited or uncertain access to adequate food."

According to Feeding America, Danville has the second-highest overall food insecurity rate in the state with 22.5% of its population considered food insecure. When looking specifically at youth, the food insecurity rate rises to 25.1%. Both of these figures are higher than the state food insecurity averages of 11.8% overall. There is a critical need to improve access to affordable, safe, nutritious food, particularly for low-income youth.

Response: One way to address this problem is through community gardens and gardening education within areas with high proportions of individuals eligible for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

The Extension Family Nutrition Program offered mini-grants of up to $1,000 for Eat Smart, Move More – in Gardens, to support the creation of new community gardens and the delivery of an evidence-based gardening curriculum. Extension also partnered with Danville Parks and Recreation to seek funding for a community garden project at Stonewall Recreation Center, located in North Danville and owned by the city of Danville. The center had a community garden that was in poor repair. The funding was used to revitalize the garden and utilize it for educational programming for after-school and summer-camp programs for at-risk youth and individuals with disabilities.

Results: Youth planted, grew, and harvested tomatoes, peppers, and cucumbers. They participated in a variety of creative programs providing education about soil, healthy food choices, garden inputs, and more. The youngsters also learned how to use the produce they raised to supplement their daily snacks. Approximately 250 youth participated in this program over a one-year period, and 100% of these participants were from homes that are SNAP/free-reduced lunch eligible. This program has helped to address food security for youth in Danville.

Portsmouth

Portsmouth

Environment

Challenge: The Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services requires licensed pesticide applicators to obtain continuing education credits to meet state and federal guidelines and to maintain their licenses. Applicators need to remain current on pesticide regulations and technology to make safe and sound pest management decisions related to personal, community, and environmental health.

Action: Virginia Cooperative Extension agents from Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake, York County, and Virginia Beach plan pesticide programs to address the needs of applicators in southeastern Virginia. Pesticide training workshops meet strict VDACS criteria and target licensed municipal and private applicators with certifications in six categories. Five recertification workshops were conducted in 2016, which covered applicators in eight major Hampton Roads cities.

Results: As a result of these workshops, 399 Commercial Pesticide Applicators and Registered Technicians were trained and recertified to meet state and federal guidelines. Based on workshop evaluations, greater than 95% of applicators said they had learned something new; 100% said they understand what they need to do to comply with regulations; 100% said they understand use of application equipment and techniques; and more than 96% said they will use an integrated pest management approach, including scouting and reducing the number of applications and the toxicity of the product used. These behavioral changes will reduce the number of VDACS violations and the threats to applicator health and the environment.

Powhatan

Powhatan

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Responsible forest management practices can bring value to natural areas and to consumers. Virginia's natural resources are a major component of the Standards of Learning (SOLs), and teachers can address SOLs using the forest and forest products as methods to enhance lesson plans and activities.

Action: To enhance teachers' knowledge of forestry issues, a 30-hour professional development field-tour program called Trees to Products was developed. The program was designed to provide teachers with factual information about Virginia's hardwood forests and to link these concepts to the SOLs. Teachers see and learn about the sustainable and renewable resource of trees and how trees are converted into a variety of everyday products.

Results: The 2016 Trees to Products program reached 13 educators (from these cities and counties: Arlington, Craig, Giles, Gloucester, Harrisonburg, Norfolk, Norton, Powhatan, Stafford, Washington, and Wise) who instruct approximately 1,000 students each year. This annual program has been conducted 11 times since 2006 and has reached 119 educators who annually instruct approximately 13,150 students. A post-program evaluation indicated that all teachers would utilize the information gained to improve existing lesson plans and/or create new lesson plans. One hundred percent of the teachers said their students will increase their understanding of Virginia's forests as a renewable natural resource important to the economy. Follow-up surveys and interviews indicate that teachers routinely use the information learned to better explain renewable natural resources and to explain how forest products are made.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

— — —

Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Prince Edward

Prince Edward

Economy

Challenge: Agricultural producers within traditionally tobacco-dependent communities need to identify reliable and alternative sources for increasing farm income. Two viable strategies include the implementation of practices that increase the efficiency of traditional livestock/grain enterprises or the establishment of new enterprises to meet the increasing demand for locally grown food.

Action: Extension agents in Central Virginia work together each year to apply for the Tobacco Commission Grant through Campbell County Economic Development. Fourteen counties applied for this grant with Campbell County serving as the administrator. A total of $300,000 was awarded to the 14 counties to help producers enhance hay storage and digestibility; feeding capability and delivery; and storage of vegetables, meats, and agricultural products. Components included hay wrappers, mix wagons, creep feeders, and cold storage. The counties include Amelia, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nottoway, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward.

Results: In 2016, 55 producer projects were completed. For every dollar invested in this program by the Virginia Tobacco Commission, producers invested an additional $3.58. Consequently, for the 55 projects completed, there has been economic activity in the participating communities of $462,232.

Environment

Challenge: Forestland owners, 65 years of age and older, own 41% of Virginia's 10.6 million acres of private forestland. High land values and taxes cause many heirs to sell land to meet financial obligations — a major force behind an annual loss of 16,000 forested acres. At this time, Virginia is on the cusp of the largest intergenerational transfer of family forests ever, and landowners need to know how to protect their land. A common barrier to estate planning is a lack of understanding planning tools and resources and not knowing where to start.

Action: To generate awareness of this issue, previous landowner programs have included brief conservation-planning sessions. A 12-hour, in-depth course titled Land Transfer to Generation "NEXT" was piloted in Charlottesville in 2009, and has been presented in Warrenton, Palmyra, Staunton, Farmville, Rockbridge, South Boston, and Orange between 2010 and 2016. The program design draws from national curricula and utilizes local experts to develop new material and initiate participant planning. Specifically, the course utilizes the expertise of private legal and financial professionals, conservation specialists, and extension agents.

The course has been compledted by 235 individuals representing 163 family units.

Results: Results: Following course participation, landowners can better articulate their land-transfer goals and begin planning. Participants indicated that the program would increase the likelihood of their property staying intact (83%), in the family (79%), and in woodland (80%). Follow-up surveys reveal that in the six months following the course, 80% have begun estate planning. Participants estimate an average family savings of $450,000 as a result of this program. As these landowners continue executing their plans, more than 74,000 acres of land is expected to remain open and family-owned. The program has been recognized by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services as one of the most successful land-transition programs, and fellow educators have adopted this model.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The Central District (comprising Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Bedford, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Danville, Dinwiddie, Franklin, Goochland, Greensville, Halifax, Henry, Lunenburg, Lynchburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Nottoway, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, and Prince Edward) is one of the least healthy and most obese regions in the state. Many families don't have the resources to purchase locally grown fresh fruits and vegetables. According to the Virginia Department of Social Services, there are over 15,000 low-income households and over 35,000 people in Central District who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP).

Response: For the second year in a row, the Central District was awarded a $3,000 grant to encourage SNAP clients to shop at farmers markets. Extension agents provided trainings and worked to support local markets by planning special events and demonstrations, providing short social media messages, and encouraging markets to seek funds for a double-bucks program.

Results: Central District Extension agents doubled the number of farmers markets participating in the SNAP redemption program from eight to 16. Markets used a variety of methods to publicize events, including 818 messages on Facebook, over 2,200 posters and flyers, and 1,216 brochures. Markets estimated an average of 53% increase in sales and 33% increase in traffic. Almost $19,800 benefit dollars were redeemed at markets, a 61% increase from the year before. Five markets received funding for a double-bucks program, which provided an additional $7,418 in sales to farmers. Research shows that SNAP clients who shop at farmers markets eat an average of 1.6 more servings of fruits and vegetables every day and have a lower Body Mass Index (BMI), both of which are frontline factors in combating obesity.

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Challenge: The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation now reports that 29.2% of adults in Virginia are obese. There is a critical need for educating consumers to improve overall health and quality of life in Virginia.

Response: The Virginia Cooperative Extension Master Food Volunteer Program incorporates extensive 30-hour peer-reviewed curriculum training with lesson plans and supplemental teaching resources in order to train volunteers. Participants gain knowledge of how to increase their consumption of fruits/vegetables and whole grains, increase physical activity, and purchase and prepare healthy, low-cost foods. As a result of the training, volunteers reciprocate a minimum of 30 hours their first year by supporting Extension educators through education and outreach efforts.

Results: Last year, 205 local volunteers reached 8,068 adults and 5,698 youth statewide, contributing 6,355 volunteer hours through demonstrations and displays at farmers markets, home food-preservation workshops, health and wellness program, fairs, healthy cooking programs, and physical activity seminars. A total of 290 educational programs for adults and 614 for youth were delivered. The time volunteered by these individuals equates to an approximate value of $165,802.00 (hours at $26.09/hour, per an independent sector estimate). Additional volunteer trainings are planned for 2017, and it is estimated that an additional total of 50 new volunteers will join the Master Food Volunteer program.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Prince George

Prince George

Economy

Challenge: In the 1960s, Virginia raised 15,000 to 19,000 acres of sweet potatoes with a market value of $5 to $8 million for the state, but this market share was gradually lost in the 1970s. The acreage and production of sweet potato could increase in Virginia since demand and per capita consumption are increasing (46% in the last decade) mainly due to two factors: the perceived nutritional and health attributes, and the availability and convenience of value-added processed products. Therefore, there is potential for small, medium, and large farmers in Virginia, including tobacco farmers, to incorporate sweet potato into rotations that would increase farm income and sustainability.

Action: An Extension specialist secured funds from the Virginia Agricultural Council to determine the feasibility of sweet potato production for fresh and processing markets in Virginia. He surveyed sweet potato farmers throughout Southeast Virginia to characterize production practices and to evaluate crop performance. The survey was administered in collaboration with Extension faculty in Westmoreland County, Virginia Beach, Prince George County, and Dinwiddie County. Trials were conducted to evaluate current commercial varieties and entries from the National Sweet Potato Collaborators Group. In addition, a fertilization study at the Eastern Shore AREC was conducted to update fertilizer requirements under local soil and climatic conditions.

Results: This work generated information about the status of sweet potato production in Virginia, including management practices, irrigation, fertilization, harvest methods, and storage. An economic assessment is in preparation. Sweet potato is grown mainly by small farmers in Virginia, either conventional or organically. Many varieties are grown in Virginia, but management practices differ greatly among farmers. Marketable yield among farmers ranged between 168 and 1,090 50lb-bushel/acre, which is consistent with other states. Estimated gross income ranged roughly between $2,700/acre and $9,000/acre when sold through brokers.

Results suggests that sweet potato production is feasible in Virginia, especially when irrigation is available.

Prince William

Prince William

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Pulaski

Pulaski

Environment

Challenge: Extension agents work with clients who apply pesticides, both restricted and non-restricted. The agents provide the necessary training to help them perform this task in the safest and most effective manner.

Action: In January and December of 2016, a team of Extension agents conducted a series of four classes on pesticide use and safety for farmers in Bland, Giles, Pulaski, Wythe, and surrounding counties. Overall, this was a very successful series of educational programs carried out by agents across planning district lines. This cooperation enabled each agent to be responsible for teaching fewer subject areas so that a greater focus could be applied to each subject. The Area Pesticide Inspector was also present at all four programs to deliver the legal portion of the material. Topics covered by agents included weed control, lethal dose information, herbicide carry-over, laundering contaminated clothing, routes of exposure, and protective clothing.

Results: A total of 61 private applicators received the education and recertification credit they need to be safe, legal, and responsible pesticide applicators in the Commonwealth of Virginia for the next two years. At the conclusion of the three December programs, a survey instrument was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs and to assist agents in making improvements to future programs. Of those who provided acreage on the survey tool, the participants spray 5,468 acres of agronomic crops and pasture annually.

The topic that participants found to be most helpful, and the behavior they most often said they will change as a result of this program, is to be safer by wearing correct protective clothing, reading labels more carefully, and laundering clothing properly. This is the second year of this joint effort that supports the recertification of 136 private pesticide applicators, along with participants from surrounding counties.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Rappahannock

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

With the assistance of 36 volunteers, the Reality Store was conducted at Rappahannock County High School for 44 eighth grade students.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Richmond

Richmond

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

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Challenge: The Northern Neck consists of Westmoreland, Richmond, Northumberland, and Lancaster counties. With 1,396 miles of shoreline bordering the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, and the Chesapeake Bay, the quality of these resources depends upon environmental and stewardship education.

Action: The Westmoreland/Richmond County 4-H program offered a three-day local day camp called 4-H Water Wizards, which focused on watersheds and water quality. Day 1, which introduced the concept of watersheds and human impact, was based at George Washington Birthplace National Monument on Pope's Creek. Two park rangers were instructional partners, and activities focused on land-use changes over time. Day 2 took place at Westmoreland State Park. One ranger was a partner in the day's activities, which included collecting macroinvertebrates, watershed activities, hiking, and seining in the Potomac River. Day 3 was a charter boat trip on the Chesapeake Bay, including such activities as map studies, measuring water quality, discussing current issues, recording data, and keeping journals.

Results: Ten youth participated the program. Oral reflection and written evaluation results indicate that, as a result of the camp, 88% can define watershed; 100% can define water quality; 88% agree that marshes and wetlands are important because they serve the function of keeping the water clean; 88% agree that there are many indicators of water quality; and 100% understand that their personal actions and decisions can affect the quality of water in the Chesapeake Bay.

Richmond City

Richmond City

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for SNAP benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more-comprehensive interventions. In the greater Richmond area, 59.37% of SNAP households have children under 18, and 57.4% of SNAP households are members of minority groups.

Statewide, the 2016 elementary school post-surveys obtained through random sampling indicated that 77% of youth improved their ability to choose foods according to the federal dietary recommendations. Greater Richmond/SE District SNAP-Ed Volunteers Extend the Reach of the Family Nutrition Program and Combat Childhood Obesity in SNAP-Eligible Populations.

Action: During 2016, Extension maximized the FNP reach by collaborating with a variety of stakeholders at the district and state levels. Continuing collaborations with Charles City County, Chesterfield, and Richmond City schools; Richmond City Health District and Chickahominy Health District; Hanover Food Network; Chesterfield Coach; Henrico and Richmond City WIC; Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Hopewell, and Petersburg Head Starts; Henrico Federal Preschool; Richmond City and Hanover Farmers markets; and, Youth Health Equity Leadership Initiative, Feedmore, and other community partners led to partnerships whereby teachers, nurses, and community agency staff/volunteers included physical activity and nutrition education as a part of their common goals. In addition, partnerships with local program assistants, Extension agents, specialists, and Master Volunteers supported and enhanced the work of the SNAP-Ed team at the local level. These volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: In 2016, successful partnerships resulted in 130 collaborator volunteers contributing 546 hours of nutrition education. Teachers and Master Volunteers reached 12,704 preschool and school-aged children. At Woodville Elementary School in Richmond City, where Healthy Weights for Healthy Kids was taught, post-surveys of third, fourth, and fifth graders indicated that 91% are now choosing to eat breakfast most or every day, and that 80% are now choosing to eat fruits most days. Surveys also indicated that 89% choose to wash their hands most, or all of the time, before preparing to make something to eat, and 84% choose not to eat a food dish that has been left in the refrigerator for over a week. About 73% indicated that they are physically active most or every day.

Roanoke/Salem

Roanoke/Salem

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Rockbridge

Rockbridge

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

Three Reality Store simulations were conducted: two at Rockbridge County High School, and one at Parry McCluer High School.

Environment

Challenge: Forestland owners, 65 years of age and older, own 41% of Virginia's 10.6 million acres of private forestland. High land values and taxes cause many heirs to sell land to meet financial obligations — a major force behind an annual loss of 16,000 forested acres. At this time, Virginia is on the cusp of the largest intergenerational transfer of family forests ever, and landowners need to know how to protect their land. A common barrier to estate planning is a lack of understanding planning tools and resources and not knowing where to start.

Action: To generate awareness of this issue, previous landowner programs have included brief conservation-planning sessions. A 12-hour, in-depth course titled Land Transfer to Generation "NEXT" was piloted in Charlottesville in 2009, and has been presented in Warrenton, Palmyra, Staunton, Farmville, Rockbridge, South Boston, and Orange between 2010 and 2016. The program design draws from national curricula and utilizes local experts to develop new material and initiate participant planning. Specifically, the course utilizes the expertise of private legal and financial professionals, conservation specialists, and extension agents.

The course has been compledted by 235 individuals representing 163 family units.

Results: Results: Following course participation, landowners can better articulate their land-transfer goals and begin planning. Participants indicated that the program would increase the likelihood of their property staying intact (83%), in the family (79%), and in woodland (80%). Follow-up surveys reveal that in the six months following the course, 80% have begun estate planning. Participants estimate an average family savings of $450,000 as a result of this program. As these landowners continue executing their plans, more than 74,000 acres of land is expected to remain open and family-owned. The program has been recognized by the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services as one of the most successful land-transition programs, and fellow educators have adopted this model.

Results:

Rockingham

Rockingham

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Responsible forest management practices can bring value to natural areas and to consumers. Virginia's natural resources are a major component of the Standards of Learning (SOLs), and teachers can address SOLs using the forest and forest products as methods to enhance lesson plans and activities.

Action: To enhance teachers' knowledge of forestry issues, a 30-hour professional development field-tour program called Trees to Products was developed. The program was designed to provide teachers with factual information about Virginia's hardwood forests and to link these concepts to the SOLs. Teachers see and learn about the sustainable and renewable resource of trees and how trees are converted into a variety of everyday products.

Results: The 2016 Trees to Products program reached 13 educators (from these cities and counties: Arlington, Craig, Giles, Gloucester, Harrisonburg, Norfolk, Norton, Powhatan, Stafford, Washington, and Wise) who instruct approximately 1,000 students each year. This annual program has been conducted 11 times since 2006 and has reached 119 educators who annually instruct approximately 13,150 students. A post-program evaluation indicated that all teachers would utilize the information gained to improve existing lesson plans and/or create new lesson plans. One hundred percent of the teachers said their students will increase their understanding of Virginia's forests as a renewable natural resource important to the economy. Follow-up surveys and interviews indicate that teachers routinely use the information learned to better explain renewable natural resources and to explain how forest products are made.

Environment

Challenge: Positive youth development focuses on targeting life skills that girls and boys need to be successful, contributing members of society. Current studies indicate 56% of children ages 8-12 have a cellphone. According to the Pew Research Center, 86% of Americans currently use the internet and Facebook usage is on the rise. With social media and texting playing a bigger role in how our youth choose to communicate, camping programs allow youth the opportunity to put away technology and connect with each other through face-to-face interactions.

Action: Communication is an essential skill. Youth attending short term residential camping programs are afforded many opportunities to strengthen and develop their communication skills. It is important for girls and boys to be able to talk to their peer, and to adults, and to make new friends. By attending these camping programs, youth develop confidence in sharing their opinions by developing activities, preparing team challenges, and living in a group environment.

Results: Junior 4-H Camp for Alleghany, Augusta, Bath, Highland, and Rockingham was held in July and 346 campers, counselors, and adults attended the week-long residential camp. Out of a total of 37 randomly surveyed Jr. 4-H campers, 91% indicated they would come back next year and 85% of campers were very satisfied, or satisfied with their overall camping experience. Post-camp surveys from the 2016 Junior Camping Program indicated that campers ages 9-13 reported an increase in their ability and comfort in communicating with adults and peers as a result of attending 4-H camp. During camp, 87% of youth felt they could talk to teens and adults. After attending camp, surveys indicated a 14% increase in youth feeling comfortable speaking up when witnessing bullying. These survey results support the hypothesis that 4-H Camp does indeed enhance and increase girls' and boys' confidence in communicating with adults, teens, and their peers.

Russell

Russell

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program (FNP) SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more comprehensive interventions.

Action: During 2016, SNAP-Ed Extension continues collaborations with Washington, Russell, Smyth, Buchanan, Wythe, Lee, Tazewell, and Grayson counties and Bristol City Schools. Volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: Successful partnerships in 2016 resulted in 231 volunteers providing nutrition education to 5,846 youth and 257 adults. Skills and knowledge that were gained through the programming include basic nutrition, food safety, meal planning, active play, and proper hand-washing. The LEAP Program was implemented in the Head Start Programs of schools in Washington County, Bristol City, Lee County, Washington County, Russell County, Rooftop of Virginia, Smyth County, and Russell County Schools. A total of 124 volunteers provided 1,364 hours of nutrition education. The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program was implemented at Bristol City Schools and Raven Elementary. A total of 38 volunteers provided 228 hours of nutrition education. The OWG curriculum was implemented at Washington County Elementary, Russell County Elementary, and Dublin Elementary Schools. A total of 10 volunteers provided 112 hours of nutrition education. The HWHK curriculum was implemented at Wythe County Elementary/Middle Schools and Russell County Middle Schools. Twelve volunteers provided 118 hours of nutrition education. The Teen Cuisine Curriculum was implemented at Richlands Middle School, Tazewell Middle School, Grayson County High School, and Russell County Technical Center. Four volunteers provided 67 hours of nutrition education. Numerous schools have indicated that their students are more likely to choose fruits and vegetables as a result of the programming. Through health fairs, farmers market demonstrations, and the use of newsletters and flyers, 10,673 indirect contacts were made.

— — —

Challenge: Beef cattle are the major agricultural commodity of Southwest Virginia. In Russell County, beef cow numbers exceed 20,500 head, and sales of livestock are more than $28 million. For this reason, the vast majority of livestock programming targets this industry segment.

Action: Extension partnered with the Abingdon Feeder Cattle Association and the Virginia Tobacco Commission to secure funding for improvements to livestock-handling facilities and herd genetics. Extension provided expertise in developing livestock-handling systems and selecting animal-handling equipment. Recommendations are also provided concerning bull selection and pedigree interpretation. In addition, producers have participated in educational opportunities that focus on health, genetics, feed management, preconditioning, and marketing trends, while teaching methods range from field days, on-farm visits, group meetings and lectures, demonstrations, and distance learning.

Results: More than 100 Russell County producers have applied for funding to make improvements to livestock-handling facilities and herd genetics. A total of 91 producers have completed projects and received $248,600 in cost-share funding. A total of $588,475 has been invested in 81 livestock-handling facilities (squeeze chutes and alley systems, weaning and holding pens, concrete livestock feeders, and facility roofing), and 26 herd bulls that meet defined pedigree specifications. For each $1 received in grant funding, farmers have invested an additional $1.36.

The Beef Builder Initiative has made it possible for beef producers to more effectively practice preventative health and conduct treatments for sick or injured animals. Vaccinations of the cow herd and processing of calves throughout the year can be conducted safely for both the handler and the animal. Modern facilities have made it easier to participate in the Virginia Quality Assured feeder-cattle marketing program. Of the 91 participants that have received funding, 81% (74) actively market animals through the program.

Scott

Environment

Challenge: The former professional boxer George Foreman has five sons, all of whom he named "George." Convenience aside, this posed a significant problem for the Foreman household. When Mrs. Foreman sternly beckoned to the youngest George to finish his supper, all five kids named "George" believed they may have forgotten to clean their plates. As a solution to this problem, the Foremans gave the little boys new names: Monk, Big Wheel, Red, and Little Joey.

Action: The problem with names in the Foreman household is a light-hearted example, but demonstrates the fundamental importance that naming has for everyday life. Entomological taxonomists describe planetary biodiversity and provide names for new species of insects. Not only do these names provide a handle on the astounding number of species on earth (there are 350,000 beetles, alone), they also prevent "anonymous extinction" — a phenomenon in which a species is driven to extinction before it is named and known to science, and hence before we can even begin to learn how it fits into the ecosystem or how it can helpful to humankind. It's astounding that we have a name for most of the stars in the night's sky or that we have a rover analyzing and cataloging the unknown soils of Mars, yet there are undescribed species of animals, completely new to science, here in our backyards in Virginia.

Results: The laboratory has described several new species of millipedes from the commonwealth, including the new species Brachoria virginia from Scott County in the mountainous southwestern part of the state. Now that this millipede is known to science, researchers can study, for example, how it bio-manufactures its own cyanide, how it can amazingly heal its own wounds in just a few hours, or its ability to navigate through its subterranean environment without eyes or the ability to detect light.

Shenandoah

Shenandoah

Economy

Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Impact: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Smyth

Smyth

Economy

Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Impact: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

— — —

Challenge: Although agriculture is Virginia's leading industry, Smyth County continues to be counted among the more economically depressed regions in the commonwealth. Smyth County Extension has recognized the need to elevate agricultural literacy among youth and adults.

Action: Extension developed educational programming targeted to all sectors of Smyth County to educate citizens about the benefits of agriculture and to make them aware of the services available to them. Components of the programming included informational presentations to farm, civic, and school groups; a continuous presence at local farmers markets; banners and signage that touted the relationship of Extension to research at both Virginia land-grant universities; participation in local festivals and celebrations; development of a virtual office presence via social media and heightened public awareness through articles, newsletters, and flyers; and the development and delivery of an Agricultural Field Day for all Smyth County fourth grade students.

Results: Agricultural and Extension literacy were blended into each Extension program area to help create a seamless VCE office in the county. Participation in new programs such as Agricultural Leadership, Food Safety, 4-H Natural Resource activities, and the Ag Field Day serve as examples of these blended efforts across program areas.

These programs increased not only the flow of calls for information, but also participation in Extension programming, especially among non-traditional audiences. Local leaders pledged support for agriculture and Extension because of increased public awareness and Extension staff volunteerism in the Smyth County. In addition, the county school system has voiced its support of the Ag Field Day, and teachers report that students received and are retaining required Standards of Learning (SOLs) targeted during the event. Evidence of this is reflected in a double-digit percentage increase in fifth grade science SOLs scores in the county since the event was created. Social media continues to be a developing area and will be the focus of a new campaign to educate citizens.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program (FNP) SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more comprehensive interventions.

Action: During 2016, SNAP-Ed Extension continues collaborations with Washington, Russell, Smyth, Buchanan, Wythe, Lee, Tazewell, and Grayson counties and Bristol City Schools. Volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: Successful partnerships in 2016 resulted in 231 volunteers providing nutrition education to 5,846 youth and 257 adults. Skills and knowledge that were gained through the programming include basic nutrition, food safety, meal planning, active play, and proper hand-washing. The LEAP Program was implemented in the Head Start Programs of schools in Washington County, Bristol City, Lee County, Washington County, Russell County, Rooftop of Virginia, Smyth County, and Russell County Schools. A total of 124 volunteers provided 1,364 hours of nutrition education. The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program was implemented at Bristol City Schools and Raven Elementary. A total of 38 volunteers provided 228 hours of nutrition education. The OWG curriculum was implemented at Washington County Elementary, Russell County Elementary, and Dublin Elementary Schools. A total of 10 volunteers provided 112 hours of nutrition education. The HWHK curriculum was implemented at Wythe County Elementary/Middle Schools and Russell County Middle Schools. Twelve volunteers provided 118 hours of nutrition education. The Teen Cuisine Curriculum was implemented at Richlands Middle School, Tazewell Middle School, Grayson County High School, and Russell County Technical Center. Four volunteers provided 67 hours of nutrition education. Numerous schools have indicated that their students are more likely to choose fruits and vegetables as a result of the programming. Through health fairs, farmers market demonstrations, and the use of newsletters and flyers, 10,673 indirect contacts were made.

Southampton

Southampton

Economy (Education)

Challenge: The frequency and diversity of Virginia 4-H STEM programs have increased in recent years. Program descriptions and county-level reporting indicate that these programs are reaching a large number of youth: A total of 97,045 youth (48% of enrollment) completed at least one STEM project in 2014-15. While some of these programs have been disseminated and supported at the state level (e.g., Maker), many have developed at the local level due to youth and volunteer interest. A comprehensive statewide survey of STEM programs has not been undertaken since the rapid expansion of 4-H STEM programming. A STEM program survey of 4-H agents and volunteers provides an updated snapshot of existing programs that could be replicated, identifies areas for STEM program growth, and guides STEM professional development planning.

Action: In 2016, the STEM sub-team of the Positive Youth Development Program Team developed and administered a STEM program survey for 4-H agents, volunteer leaders, and other extension personnel involved in STEM-related youth programs. The results of this survey will allow the STEM sub-team to share successes across the commonwealth, identify needs for STEM professional development, and identify resources needed for STEM programs. These findings will be used to focus plans for future professional development and STEM program support.

Results: About 27 existing STEM programs were reported on by a total of 18 Extension agents, specialists, and volunteers. Results indicate that Virginia has a wide variety of STEM offerings, spanning multiple delivery modes, for youth. Of the programs reported on, 42% are in-school enrichment programs, 22% are after-school programs, 14% are programs held at camp, 11% are special-interest clubs, and 11% are traditional 4-H clubs. STEM programs are in a diverse range of content areas, including archery, animal science, electricity, robotics, rocketry, scientific investigations, and environmental/water education. The most frequently listed agent-support needs were hands-on training, funding, curriculum materials and supplies, volunteers and volunteer support, and evaluation assistance.

In Isle of Wight and Southampton counties, there is a thriving camp program with 156 campers and 61 teens who learned about archery, robotics, maker activities, animal science, and environmental/water education. The Isle of Wight public school system is moving towards project-based learning. There will be a working farm in Windsor, and Smithfield will have a technical school offering courses in nursing, automotive, and cosmetology.

Spotsylvania

Spotsylvania

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

In Spotsylvania and Stafford counties, Real Money, Real World was presented at Massaponix High School, Courtland High School, and Garrison Woods to a total of 561 students, with 57 volunteers contributing 26 hours of volunteer time. Marketplace was presented at Chancellor Elementary School, Grafton Village Elementary School, and Brock Rd Elementary School, to a total of 419 students, with 53 volunteers contributing volunteer time.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Stafford

Stafford

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

In Spotsylvania and Stafford counties, Real Money, Real World was presented at Massaponix High School, Courtland High School, and Garrison Woods to a total of 561 students, with 57 volunteers contributing 26 hours of volunteer time. Marketplace was presented at Chancellor Elementary School, Grafton Village Elementary School, and Brock Rd Elementary School, to a total of 419 students, with 53 volunteers contributing volunteer time.

— — —

Challenge: Volunteers are essential to the success of Virginia Cooperative Extension programming, and their contributions within the 4-H program continue to be vital. Volunteer support is important in fulfilling programmatic objectives for 4-H, such as providing care, guidance, knowledge, and wisdom to youth participants. Trained 4-H volunteers are needed to fill these roles and to engage youth in civic and 4-H club activities that help girls and boys develop essential elements such as generosity, independence, and mastery.

Action: In 2016, 221 adult volunteers in Stafford County contributed 11,454 hours to the 4-H youth development program, with an average per volunteer contribution of 51.83 hours. One full-time agent and one part-time county staff supported volunteers by providing training sessions, face-to-face meetings, and electronic communications and resources. Throughout these training sessions and meetings, topics discussed included club recruitment and enrollment, management, curriculum, risk management, and Extension policies and procedures. Volunteers were provided with a variety of opportunities to contribute to the organization. Some chose to volunteer one-time or occasionally, volunteer for a week or for camp, or volunteer as a community club project or organizational leader throughout the year.

Results: Adult volunteers served as role models for youth by accepting responsibility for the organizational management of club operations, encouraging participation by all interested youth, and contributing to community well-being by offering positive youth opportunities. In Stafford County, volunteer leaders contributed to the success of the 4-H camping program by assuming the duties of chaperon and teacher. Volunteers report a rewarding experience working with our youth and comment that they learned just as much from the youth as the girls and boys learned from them. Many of our volunteers are now crossing program areas, serving as both a camp volunteer and club leader.

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Responsible forest management practices can bring value to natural areas and to consumers. Virginia's natural resources are a major component of the Standards of Learning (SOLs), and teachers can address SOLs using the forest and forest products as methods to enhance lesson plans and activities.

Action: To enhance teachers' knowledge of forestry issues, a 30-hour professional development field-tour program called Trees to Products was developed. The program was designed to provide teachers with factual information about Virginia's hardwood forests and to link these concepts to the SOLs. Teachers see and learn about the sustainable and renewable resource of trees and how trees are converted into a variety of everyday products.

Results: The 2016 Trees to Products program reached 13 educators (from these cities and counties: Arlington, Craig, Giles, Gloucester, Harrisonburg, Norfolk, Norton, Powhatan, Stafford, Washington, and Wise) who instruct approximately 1,000 students each year. This annual program has been conducted 11 times since 2006 and has reached 119 educators who annually instruct approximately 13,150 students. A post-program evaluation indicated that all teachers would utilize the information gained to improve existing lesson plans and/or create new lesson plans. One hundred percent of the teachers said their students will increase their understanding of Virginia's forests as a renewable natural resource important to the economy. Follow-up surveys and interviews indicate that teachers routinely use the information learned to better explain renewable natural resources and to explain how forest products are made.

Suffolk

Suffolk

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: Severe drought causes peanut production losses, yet much less is known about losses due to short-term drought during years when total cumulative rainfall meets statistical norms. Researchers at the Virginia Tidewater Agricultural Research and Extension Center determined that uneven rainfall distribution and summer heat can significantly limit peanut yield and production value up to $15,000,000 in otherwise "good rainy" years.

Action: Starting in 2009, researchers focused on developing peanut varieties with improved drought tolerance. Last year, they added a new dimension to this project by investigating targeted physiological traits and developing new phenotyping tools of selection for drought tolerance.

Results: Data showed that even in relatively favorable "rainy years," the average yield reduction due to absence of irrigation was 8.5%. Applied to the 2014 record year for production in the Virginia-Carolina region, peanuts with 8.5% more yield under rain-fed growing conditions could bring $1,243,809 more for Virginia farmers and $11,008,534 more for the region. Combined research data from 2015 and 2016 showed that a new variety yielded 26% more than Sullivan, the most popular peanut in the region. The team's preliminary research was recently awarded two National Institute for Food and Agriculture awards. This funding will support in-depth drought research for Virginia peanuts over the next several years.

Surry

Surry

Economy, Food and Nutrition

Challenge: Because Surry residents had to commute to neighboring counties if they wanted to purchase fresh vegetables, a committee was formed to start a farmers market in Surry County. Youth from 4-H decided to try a new Gardening SPIN club and to sell produce that they raised themselves.

Action: Slade Farms offered a garden plot and provided gardening tools for the new 4-H Gardening SPIN club, enabling members to grow and sell their fresh vegetables at the Surry County Farmers Market. Several Extension agents designed a program to teach the 4-H youth about gardening. The young gardeners learned about the importance of soil science and how to plant and care for each plant. The Surry 4-H booth was one of the few produce vendors at the Surry Farmers Market. Residents of Surry County, who enjoyed hearing the girls and boys share stories about their garden, also supported the 4-H youth vegetable booth by purchasing produce each week.

Results: Surry 4-H Gardening SPIN club members set up tables and came up with unique ways to display the produce for the farmer' market that was held every Friday from May to October. Funds collected were used for the Farmers Market/Gardening club supplies, display items, and a field trip to the State Fair. After gaining this gardening experience, 4-H youth expressed interest in competing at the State Fair the following year. In addition, because of the 4-H gardening project, youth developed positive social, interpersonal, and customer service skills.

Unsold vegetables were given to the youth participants to enhance their nutrition by eating these healthy vegetables at home with their families. Once the club members were able to discuss and understand the science of gardening, their attitudes toward having a garden and eating homegrown produce changed. Youth were surveyed, and the findings proved that while only 25% of participants had had a garden before, 100% of the young gardeners enjoyed gardening and would try to have a garden of their own. Similarly, 100% of the participants reported that they enjoyed selling the produce at the farmers market.

Sussex

Sussex

Economy

Challenge: Many young adults are eager for financial education, but lack the resources to achieve financial literacy. For many, attending college will be one of the earliest major financial decisions one makes. This year, Junior Achievement and the Allstate Foundation released a report stating only 50% of adults between the age of 18 and 29 were "very confident" in their ability to pay off their student loan. There is a need for more youth financial education.

Response: Extension uses several approaches and programs to educate youth and increase the financial capacity of Virginia's youth. The goal is to educate students about sound money management skills and the financial planning process, and to help them begin to develop positive behaviors that are necessary to attain financial maturity and achieve a secure future. Extension offered Reality Store simulations, Kids Marketplace simulations, and Real Money Real World simulations, each providing hands-on learning in an environment that correlates to Standards of Learning and educational mandates.

Results: Extension conducted a total of 58 Kids Marketplace simulations in 2016 with an audience of 2,924 children. This represents a 142% increase in the number of simulations and a 51% increase in the number of children who participated relative to 2015. Of those surveyed, 89% of these young adults learned more about using money, 71% learned the importance of giving something up in the short run for something in the future, 88% reported that the program gave them new ideas about how to manage money in the future, and 82% plan to talk to their parents about money.

A total of 73 agents conducted a total of 114 Reality Store programs in 2016 with an audience of 11,330 children, representing a staggering 43% increase from 2015. Of those surveyed, 94% stated the program increased awareness of making smart financial decisions and 95% reported that having insurance and a savings account would help plan for emergencies.

Seven Extension agents conducted 7 Real Money, Real World programs in 2016 with an audience of 1,533 children, an increase of 117% from 2015. Of those surveyed, 90% indicated they will think through how spending impacts other opportunities and choices.

Combined, Extension financial education programs reached 15,787 Virginia youth in 2016. This marked an increase from 10,573 in 2015, 9,046 in 2014, and 7,681 in 2013. A total of 2,381 volunteers contributed 11,346 hours of time, equating to $296,017 ($26.09/hr). This compares to 1,015 volunteers and 5,500 hours in 2015, increases of 135% and 106%, respectively.

A Reality Store presentation was delivered at Sussex High School for 4-H youth. A total of 15 youth participated, and 16 adult volunteers contributed to the event.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Tazewell

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Tazewell County endured several natural disasters in 2016. A blizzard, two floods, and a drought resulted in a poor growing season.

Action: Extension responded by assessing damages and loss to crops, livestock, equipment, and structures. The agents found that damages to the county from the blizzard included the loss of eight calves, five lambs, two goats, and one barn structure. Flooding damaged approximately 1,600 feet of fencing, two farm roads, and one acre of forage soybeans valued at an estimated $18,000. The drought resulted in a 64% loss in grass to feed livestock.

Results: The Tazewell Extension reports were shared with local government leaders, the Farm Services Agency representatives, and the local Emergency Management Coordinator so that financial assistance to agricultural producers could be requested. The Farm Service Agency paid out $285.00 in the program and $23,004.00 in the program to producers in Tazewell County.

Environment

Challenge: According to the most recent Census of Agriculture, grazing livestock accounts for 93% of the market value of agricultural products sold in Tazewell County. Livestock contributes $25,062,000 to the local economy, making grazing a priority among other agriculture practices. The local resource is forages, consumed to contribute to the pounds of livestock produced and marketed. Studies show that improving the quality of forages improves the health and efficiency of grazing livestock.

Action: In 2016, the Virginia Forage and Grassland Council featured grazing conferences throughout the state, identifying the adverse grazing effects of endophyte-infected, native fescue. To confirm the problem, AREC experts tested samples of native fescue throughout the county. After discovering very high levels of endophyte fungus, they challenged local grazing producers to improve their native pastures by planting higher quality forages to yield more pounds of livestock produced. An AREC Extension agronomist led a series of educational meetings involving Extension, veterinarians, and reputable seed companies in order to confirm the losses and prescribe methods of improvement.

Results: Although it is too early for data on weed and endophyte reduction or gains in grazing livestock, producers are applying management techniques prescribed through this endeavor. Attitudes and beliefs have changed. Producers are investing in killing hundreds of acres of native fescue to replant forages that are more desirable. These forages also include new varieties of endophyte-free fescue. Land level enough to work with conventional sprayers was treated for weeds and brush, while 1,346 acres of steep pastures were sprayed this year by two aerial-spraying companies using helicopters. Due to its climate, terrain, and altitude, Tazewell County has always produced rich grazing lands for livestock; with improved forage management practices, experts expect them to be better in the future.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program (FNP) SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more comprehensive interventions.

Action: During 2016, SNAP-Ed Extension continues collaborations with Washington, Russell, Smyth, Buchanan, Wythe, Lee, Tazewell, and Grayson counties and Bristol City Schools. Volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: Successful partnerships in 2016 resulted in 231 volunteers providing nutrition education to 5,846 youth and 257 adults. Skills and knowledge that were gained through the programming include basic nutrition, food safety, meal planning, active play, and proper hand-washing. The LEAP Program was implemented in the Head Start Programs of schools in Washington County, Bristol City, Lee County, Washington County, Russell County, Rooftop of Virginia, Smyth County, and Russell County Schools. A total of 124 volunteers provided 1,364 hours of nutrition education. The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program was implemented at Bristol City Schools and Raven Elementary. A total of 38 volunteers provided 228 hours of nutrition education. The OWG curriculum was implemented at Washington County Elementary, Russell County Elementary, and Dublin Elementary Schools. A total of 10 volunteers provided 112 hours of nutrition education. The HWHK curriculum was implemented at Wythe County Elementary/Middle Schools and Russell County Middle Schools. Twelve volunteers provided 118 hours of nutrition education. The Teen Cuisine Curriculum was implemented at Richlands Middle School, Tazewell Middle School, Grayson County High School, and Russell County Technical Center. Four volunteers provided 67 hours of nutrition education. Numerous schools have indicated that their students are more likely to choose fruits and vegetables as a result of the programming. Through health fairs, farmers market demonstrations, and the use of newsletters and flyers, 10,673 indirect contacts were made.

Virginia Beach

Virginia Beach

Economy

Challenge: In the 1960s, Virginia raised 15,000 to 19,000 acres of sweet potatoes with a market value of $5 to $8 million for the state, but this market share was gradually lost in the 1970s. The acreage and production of sweet potato could increase in Virginia since demand and per capita consumption are increasing (46% in the last decade) mainly due to two factors: the perceived nutritional and health attributes, and the availability and convenience of value-added processed products. Therefore, there is potential for small, medium, and large farmers in Virginia, including tobacco farmers, to incorporate sweet potato into rotations that would increase farm income and sustainability.

Action: An Extension specialist secured funds from the Virginia Agricultural Council to determine the feasibility of sweet potato production for fresh and processing markets in Virginia. He surveyed sweet potato farmers throughout Southeast Virginia to characterize production practices and to evaluate crop performance. The survey was administered in collaboration with Extension faculty in Westmoreland County, Virginia Beach, Prince George County, and Dinwiddie County. Trials were conducted to evaluate current commercial varieties and entries from the National Sweet Potato Collaborators Group. In addition, a fertilization study at the Eastern Shore AREC was conducted to update fertilizer requirements under local soil and climatic conditions.

Results: This work generated information about the status of sweet potato production in Virginia, including management practices, irrigation, fertilization, harvest methods, and storage. An economic assessment is in preparation. Sweet potato is grown mainly by small farmers in Virginia, either conventional or organically. Many varieties are grown in Virginia, but management practices differ greatly among farmers. Marketable yield among farmers ranged between 168 and 1,090 50lb-bushel/acre, which is consistent with other states. Estimated gross income ranged roughly between $2,700/acre and $9,000/acre when sold through brokers.

Results suggests that sweet potato production is feasible in Virginia, especially when irrigation is available.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

— — —

Challenge: Managing water quality and contaminants from a watershed perspective is a critical challenge in the 21st century. Integrated management involves a system-wide perspective focused on identification and mitigation of sources, transport pathways, and receiving waters throughout all parts of the watershed. A variety of new approaches are being developed to help identify sources of contaminants by using chemical and microbial indicators, but a substantial amount of work is still required to validate the performance of these indicators of contamination in the field.

Stroubles Creek is an urbanized stream that includes the town of Blacksburg and Virginia Tech campus in its watershed. The creek is currently impaired for sediment and bacterial contaminants, and contaminant load management plans are required to mitigate water quality issues in the watershed. Unfortunately, very little work has been conducted to determine the source of contaminants throughout the watershed, making planning for source reduction difficult.

Action: During the work conducted from previous funding from the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences integrated program, researchers discovered high levels of a genetic indicator of human sewage in the main stem of Stroubles Creek. They have since focused one potential problem area in the Hethwood neighborhood, just upstream from the main sampling bridge in the VT StREAM lab. This area showed high concentrations of indicators of microbial contamination. During 2016, the scientists completed analysis of one year's worth of samples designed to study temporal patterns in chemical and microbial contaminants, with high temporal frequency, at multiple sites around the Hethwood development, as well as reference sites from other watersheds.

Results: Results of this sampling suggest that the dynamics of multiple contaminants in watersheds are complex and that physical processes do not transport all waterborne contaminants in the same manner. In particular, they have shown that different source-specific microbial water quality indicators vary by 1) land use type that dominates each watershed; 2) seasonal trends that likely result from different precipitation and transport pathways to surface waters; and 3) co-occurrence with other cations in the water that are elevated as a result of urbanization.

While considerable work has been done on this topic at the site scale, very little work has addressed the fate and transport of these indicators at the larger watershed scale. The data have resulted in four conference presentations and two federal proposals submitted in 2016, and one resubmission planned for early 2017. A refereed journal article describing these results is currently in preparation for submission in 2017. This work also provided research experience to three undergraduate researchers mentored by Badgley and Steele in 2016. Results of this sampling will be shared with the Town of Blacksburg in attempt to identify potential contamination sources.

Warren

Warren

Economy

Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Impact: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

Washington

Washington

Economy

Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Impact: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Responsible forest management practices can bring value to natural areas and to consumers. Virginia's natural resources are a major component of the Standards of Learning (SOLs), and teachers can address SOLs using the forest and forest products as methods to enhance lesson plans and activities.

Action: To enhance teachers' knowledge of forestry issues, a 30-hour professional development field-tour program called Trees to Products was developed. The program was designed to provide teachers with factual information about Virginia's hardwood forests and to link these concepts to the SOLs. Teachers see and learn about the sustainable and renewable resource of trees and how trees are converted into a variety of everyday products.

Results: The 2016 Trees to Products program reached 13 educators (from these cities and counties: Arlington, Craig, Giles, Gloucester, Harrisonburg, Norfolk, Norton, Powhatan, Stafford, Washington, and Wise) who instruct approximately 1,000 students each year. This annual program has been conducted 11 times since 2006 and has reached 119 educators who annually instruct approximately 13,150 students. A post-program evaluation indicated that all teachers would utilize the information gained to improve existing lesson plans and/or create new lesson plans. One hundred percent of the teachers said their students will increase their understanding of Virginia's forests as a renewable natural resource important to the economy. Follow-up surveys and interviews indicate that teachers routinely use the information learned to better explain renewable natural resources and to explain how forest products are made.

Economy, Food and Nutrition

Challenge: There is a great variation in the pricing of Virginia-produced feeder cattle due to differences in real value and due to the manner in which these calves are marketed. Adding value to Virginia's beef cattle operations is critical to the sustainability of Virginia agriculture and rural communities. Adopting improved health, management, and marketing practices for Virginia feeder cattle adds value to one of the commonwealth's top agricultural commodities.

Action: Extension specialists and agents partnered with the Virginia Cattlemen's Association and the Southwest Virginia AREC to continue to develop and implement the Virginia Quality Assured (VQA) feeder cattle program, which encourages the use of scientifically based health and management procedures for feeder cattle. The VQA program is a cooperative effort among Extension, the Virginia Cattlemen's Association, and several other partnering organizations. Producers who handle their cattle in this manner are eligible to market their calves through the VQA-certified feeder cattle program.

Results: In 2016, a total 17,914 calves were marketed through the VQA program. Producers received a premium of $95 per calf, resulting in $1,693,752 of additional income for Virginia beef producers. Since 1997, producers have marketed more than 182,000 head of feeder cattle, resulting in $9.9 million in value-added income.

Energy

Challenge: The level of use and cost of fuel, oil, and electricity are continually increasing for Virginia farms. According to the 2012 National Agriculture Statistical Service report, farm energy prices (including fuel, oil, and electricity) increased approximately 19% from 2007 to 2011. It is estimated that across the 34 counties of Southside and Southwest Virginia, farmers spent more than $66 million in farm energy-related expenses during 2011. Using the 2011 expense estimate, a 10% increase in on-farm energy efficiency would result in an additional $6.6 million in income to farmers.

Action: Extension agents partnered to launch an On-Farm Energy Efficiency Pilot project to support farm energy efficiency in Southside and Southwest Virginia. The 2012 program identified over $1 million in potential energy savings for 58 agricultural operations completing the energy audit process. The 2014-16 project assisted farmers in reducing the cost of operations and utilizing appropriate technology; provided research guidance on farm production; linked farmers with the best practices, knowledge experts, and funding opportunities; enhanced collaboration with federal and state agencies and energy companies to support Virginia agricultural entrepreneurs to implement energy upgrades; funded the audit expense and cost share for project retrofits; and provided technical assistance to help farmers interpret the findings.

Results:Extension provided access to and funding for energy audits and renewable feasibility studies for 66 agricultural operations in Southside and Southwest Virginia. Between 2014 and 2016, 64 farms completed an energy audit. The audits identified potential annual energy savings of 873,968 kWh in electricity and 429,847 gallons of propane with efficiency improvements resulting in a projected 3,151 MTCO2e greenhouse gas emissions reductions and an annual energy-cost savings of $850,734. Approximately 46% of the energy conservation measures had a payback period of less than five years. The group has delivered 20 educational programs on energy efficiency practices and technologies. Partnerships are in place with USDA Rural Development, Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, Old Dominion Electric Cooperative, and other organizations to support this project.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program (FNP) SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more comprehensive interventions.

Action: During 2016, SNAP-Ed Extension continues collaborations with Washington, Russell, Smyth, Buchanan, Wythe, Lee, Tazewell, and Grayson counties and Bristol City Schools. Volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: Successful partnerships in 2016 resulted in 231 volunteers providing nutrition education to 5,846 youth and 257 adults. Skills and knowledge that were gained through the programming include basic nutrition, food safety, meal planning, active play, and proper hand-washing. The LEAP Program was implemented in the Head Start Programs of schools in Washington County, Bristol City, Lee County, Washington County, Russell County, Rooftop of Virginia, Smyth County, and Russell County Schools. A total of 124 volunteers provided 1,364 hours of nutrition education. The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program was implemented at Bristol City Schools and Raven Elementary. A total of 38 volunteers provided 228 hours of nutrition education. The OWG curriculum was implemented at Washington County Elementary, Russell County Elementary, and Dublin Elementary Schools. A total of 10 volunteers provided 112 hours of nutrition education. The HWHK curriculum was implemented at Wythe County Elementary/Middle Schools and Russell County Middle Schools. Twelve volunteers provided 118 hours of nutrition education. The Teen Cuisine Curriculum was implemented at Richlands Middle School, Tazewell Middle School, Grayson County High School, and Russell County Technical Center. Four volunteers provided 67 hours of nutrition education. Numerous schools have indicated that their students are more likely to choose fruits and vegetables as a result of the programming. Through health fairs, farmers market demonstrations, and the use of newsletters and flyers, 10,673 indirect contacts were made.

Westmoreland

Westmoreland

Economy

Challenge: In the 1960s, Virginia raised 15,000 to 19,000 acres of sweet potatoes with a market value of $5 to $8 million for the state, but this market share was gradually lost in the 1970s. The acreage and production of sweet potato could increase in Virginia since demand and per capita consumption are increasing (46% in the last decade) mainly due to two factors: the perceived nutritional and health attributes, and the availability and convenience of value-added processed products. Therefore, there is potential for small, medium, and large farmers in Virginia, including tobacco farmers, to incorporate sweet potato into rotations that would increase farm income and sustainability.

Action: An Extension specialist secured funds from the Virginia Agricultural Council to determine the feasibility of sweet potato production for fresh and processing markets in Virginia. He surveyed sweet potato farmers throughout Southeast Virginia to characterize production practices and to evaluate crop performance. The survey was administered in collaboration with Extension faculty in Westmoreland County, Virginia Beach, Prince George County, and Dinwiddie County. Trials were conducted to evaluate current commercial varieties and entries from the National Sweet Potato Collaborators Group. In addition, a fertilization study at the Eastern Shore AREC was conducted to update fertilizer requirements under local soil and climatic conditions.

Results: This work generated information about the status of sweet potato production in Virginia, including management practices, irrigation, fertilization, harvest methods, and storage. An economic assessment is in preparation. Sweet potato is grown mainly by small farmers in Virginia, either conventional or organically. Many varieties are grown in Virginia, but management practices differ greatly among farmers. Marketable yield among farmers ranged between 168 and 1,090 50lb-bushel/acre, which is consistent with other states. Estimated gross income ranged roughly between $2,700/acre and $9,000/acre when sold through brokers.

Results suggests that sweet potato production is feasible in Virginia, especially when irrigation is available.

Water

Challenge: The Northern Neck consists of Westmoreland, Richmond, Northumberland, and Lancaster counties. With 1,396 miles of shoreline bordering the Potomac and Rappahannock rivers, and the Chesapeake Bay, the quality of these resources depends upon environmental and stewardship education.

Action: The Westmoreland/Richmond County 4-H program offered a three-day local day camp called 4-H Water Wizards, which focused on watersheds and water quality. Day 1, which introduced the concept of watersheds and human impact, was based at George Washington Birthplace National Monument on Pope's Creek. Two park rangers were instructional partners, and activities focused on land-use changes over time. Day 2 took place at Westmoreland State Park. One ranger was a partner in the day's activities, which included collecting macroinvertebrates, watershed activities, hiking, and seining in the Potomac River. Day 3 was a charter boat trip on the Chesapeake Bay, including such activities as map studies, measuring water quality, discussing current issues, recording data, and keeping journals.

Results: Ten youth participated the program. Oral reflection and written evaluation results indicate that, as a result of the camp, 88% can define watershed; 100% can define water quality; 88% agree that marshes and wetlands are important because they serve the function of keeping the water clean; 88% agree that there are many indicators of water quality; and 100% understand that their personal actions and decisions can affect the quality of water in the Chesapeake Bay.

Wise

Wise

Economy, Environment

Challenge: Responsible forest management practices can bring value to natural areas and to consumers. Virginia's natural resources are a major component of the Standards of Learning (SOLs), and teachers can address SOLs using the forest and forest products as methods to enhance lesson plans and activities.

Action: To enhance teachers' knowledge of forestry issues, a 30-hour professional development field-tour program called Trees to Products was developed. The program was designed to provide teachers with factual information about Virginia's hardwood forests and to link these concepts to the SOLs. Teachers see and learn about the sustainable and renewable resource of trees and how trees are converted into a variety of everyday products.

Results: The 2016 Trees to Products program reached 13 educators (from these cities and counties: Arlington, Craig, Giles, Gloucester, Harrisonburg, Norfolk, Norton, Powhatan, Stafford, Washington, and Wise) who instruct approximately 1,000 students each year. This annual program has been conducted 11 times since 2006 and has reached 119 educators who annually instruct approximately 13,150 students. A post-program evaluation indicated that all teachers would utilize the information gained to improve existing lesson plans and/or create new lesson plans. One hundred percent of the teachers said their students will increase their understanding of Virginia's forests as a renewable natural resource important to the economy. Follow-up surveys and interviews indicate that teachers routinely use the information learned to better explain renewable natural resources and to explain how forest products are made.

Wythe

Wythe

Economy

Challenge: Rural counties are facing a series of economic challenges, such as continued decline in the industries that once served as drivers of their economies, out-migration of talented workers, limited revenue streams for infrastructure maintenance and/or development, and access to high-quality educational resources for developing and maintaining a skilled workforce. These constraints are sizable and often overwhelm the financial and management capacity of rural counties. However, when rural counties band together to recognize and build on their shared economic assets, work together to remove the barriers to economic growth, utilize economic data, and build an evidence-based plan, the probability of creating a vibrant economic region is elevated.

Action: Stronger Economies Together (SET) was developed by the Southern Rural Development Center in collaboration with USDA Rural Development. In January 2015, Extension, in partnership with USDA Rural Development, applied to be part of SET V. Virginia, one of 13 states accepted as part of the 2015 SET V initiative, received severn regional applications representing 35 counties, 10 cities, and more than eight towns — more than any other state.

The team conducted field visits to each region, completed training, and, in August, selected two Virginia regions for the 2015-16 SET initiative, adding a third region in November. A total of 24 planning discussions were held in the 3 SET regions, which included 1) Eastern Shore, consisting of Accomack and Northampton counties and Tangier Island; 2) Mount Rogers Planning District, made up of Bland, Carroll, Grayson, Smyth, Washington, and Wythe counties and the cities of Bristol and Galax; and 3) Northern Shenandoah Valley region, including Clarke, Frederick, Page, Shenandoah, and Warren counties and the city of Winchester.

Virginia was also granted the opportunity to pilot an abbreviated SET training called "Leaders in Economic Alliance Development (LEAD)." The New River Valley region was selected as the LEAD region and launched the discussions in December 2015.

Impact: Using the SET training materials, each of the three SET regions and the LEAD region developed a multi-county regional economic development plan built on local regional strengths and assets. The Eastern Shore and Northern Shenandoah Valley completed SET plans with a peer-review process and were awarded a $5,000 seed grant for their "evidenced-based" plans. Mount Rogers is submitting its revised plan in 2017.

The LEAD New River region's plan was successfully implemented in August 2016. More than 450 volunteers representing student groups, businesses, river advocacy groups, and the general public attended the Renew the New event and removed an estimated 2 tons of garbage and hundreds of tires in the first regional river clean-up event in the New River Valley. The New River Valley Regional Commission accepted two awards for this regional project: the National Association of Development Organizations Innovation Award; and the Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society's Merit Award for 2016.

Environment

Challenge: Extension agents work with clients who apply pesticides, both restricted and non-restricted. The agents provide the necessary training to help them perform this task in the safest and most effective manner.

Action: In January and December of 2016, a team of Extension agents conducted a series of four classes on pesticide use and safety for farmers in Bland, Giles, Pulaski, Wythe, and surrounding counties. Overall, this was a very successful series of educational programs carried out by agents across planning district lines. This cooperation enabled each agent to be responsible for teaching fewer subject areas so that a greater focus could be applied to each subject. The Area Pesticide Inspector was also present at all four programs to deliver the legal portion of the material. Topics covered by agents included weed control, lethal dose information, herbicide carry-over, laundering contaminated clothing, routes of exposure, and protective clothing.

Results: A total of 61 private applicators received the education and recertification credit they need to be safe, legal, and responsible pesticide applicators in the Commonwealth of Virginia for the next two years. At the conclusion of the three December programs, a survey instrument was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs and to assist agents in making improvements to future programs. Of those who provided acreage on the survey tool, the participants spray 5,468 acres of agronomic crops and pasture annually.

The topic that participants found to be most helpful, and the behavior they most often said they will change as a result of this program, is to be safer by wearing correct protective clothing, reading labels more carefully, and laundering clothing properly. This is the second year of this joint effort that supports the recertification of 136 private pesticide applicators, along with participants from surrounding counties.

Food and Nutrition

Challenge: The goal and focus of the Family Nutrition Program (FNP) is to improve the likelihood that persons eligible for Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits will make healthy food choices within their limited budget and choose physically active lifestyles in order to promote health and prevent disease, including obesity. While declines in childhood obesity have been noted in the overall population, childhood obesity rates in minority populations continue to rise despite leveling national trends. The Family Nutrition Program (FNP) SNAP-Ed Community-led Volunteer Initiative was developed to complement and collaborate with other programs targeting the SNAP-eligible audience in order to deliver behavior-focused nutrition messages, as well as more comprehensive interventions.

Action: During 2016, SNAP-Ed Extension continues collaborations with Washington, Russell, Smyth, Buchanan, Wythe, Lee, Tazewell, and Grayson counties and Bristol City Schools. Volunteers/collaborators were trained in age-appropriate nutrition curriculum and provided with teaching resources and participant incentives. They were encouraged to share newsletters, fact sheets, and recipes with children and parents from this targeted population.

Results: Successful partnerships in 2016 resulted in 231 volunteers providing nutrition education to 5,846 youth and 257 adults. Skills and knowledge that were gained through the programming include basic nutrition, food safety, meal planning, active play, and proper hand-washing. The LEAP Program was implemented in the Head Start Programs of schools in Washington County, Bristol City, Lee County, Washington County, Russell County, Rooftop of Virginia, Smyth County, and Russell County Schools. A total of 124 volunteers provided 1,364 hours of nutrition education. The Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program was implemented at Bristol City Schools and Raven Elementary. A total of 38 volunteers provided 228 hours of nutrition education. The OWG curriculum was implemented at Washington County Elementary, Russell County Elementary, and Dublin Elementary Schools. A total of 10 volunteers provided 112 hours of nutrition education. The HWHK curriculum was implemented at Wythe County Elementary/Middle Schools and Russell County Middle Schools. Twelve volunteers provided 118 hours of nutrition education. The Teen Cuisine Curriculum was implemented at Richlands Middle School, Tazewell Middle School, Grayson County High School, and Russell County Technical Center. Four volunteers provided 67 hours of nutrition education. Numerous schools have indicated that their students are more likely to choose fruits and vegetables as a result of the programming. Through health fairs, farmers market demonstrations, and the use of newsletters and flyers, 10,673 indirect contacts were made.

Health and Disease

Challenge: Wythe County farm owners have come to expect Extension-led programs and meetings as part of their continuing education. These opportunities allow residents to network with like-minded producers to share profitable skills and other information.

Action: Wythe County Extension offers Wythe Agriculture Education and a Farm Management Program to the county's agricultural community. Topics are selected based on their interest to underserved audiences within the farming community or based on their pressing importance due to policy change, emerging technologies, evolving farm pressures, and current market conditions.

Results: Compared to neighboring areas, The average attendance at farm meetings is strong (about 60 participants). This past year, the March farm meeting focused on the human health implications of the high incidence of rabies in Wythe County. One attendee was exposed to rabies one week after the meeting and sought appropriate health treatment. Afterwards, the individual called to state that had he not attended, he would never have suspected that rabies had caused his animal's death, and he would not have sought an appropriate diagnosis and received medical attention.

Water

Challenge: Nearly one quarter of Virginia's population relies on private water supply systems, such as wells, springs, and cisterns, for their household water. Lack of knowledge about private water supply management and water quality issues may lead to system neglect and a lack of regular water testing, which can have serious implications for water quality, longevity of the water supply system, and, ultimately, the health and safety of the families who rely on these systems.

Action: The Virginia Household Water Quality Program (VAHWQP) provides confidential water testing and educates private water supply users through county-based drinking water clinics. Extension agents and Virginia Tech researchers coordinate clinics in about 60 counties per year. Samples are analyzed for 12 chemical constituents and for the presence of total coliform and E. coli bacteria.

Results: In 2016, 64 drinking-water clinics were held, serving participants from 78 counties. A total of 2,554 samples from private water supplies were tested, a 48% increase from 2015. The sampled systems provide water for 6,362 Virginians. Statewide, in 2016, about 39% of all samples did not meet the EPA standard for public systems for total coliform bacteria, 6% were positive for E. coli, and 10% of samples exceeded the recommended level for lead in water that had been stagnant in the plumbing system for at least six hours.

The most commonly reported recommended action taken after clinic participation was installing or improving the function of a water-treatment device (33%), followed by shock chlorination (26%), pursuing additional testing (13%), and performing maintenance on well (12%). If delivered commercially, the value attributed to these drinking water clinics would be $817,280. The cost to the 2016 participants was $132,800, a cost savings of approximately 85%. In 2016, 9,900 unique visitors used VAHWQP's website (www.wellwater.bse.vt.edu).

York/Poquoson

York/Poquoson

Economy

Challenge: Because Virginia is among the top three states with the highest number of military installations, it is critical that each link in the structure of the Virginia 4-H military program is maintained. In Virginia, 4-H clubs have been established on Army, Navy, and Air Force installations, which represent 11 military installations with 14 sites. Training provided by Virginia Cooperative Extension's state, local staff, and volunteers helps military staff deliver a variety of programs and projects focused on experiential learning and the development of life skills to military youth.

Response: A 4-H Military Club Director was responsible for gathering, compiling, and submitting reports for the 4-H Military Partnership Grant provided by the Department of Defense. Local support of each installation site was provided by Extension agents located in the county or city near each installation. Four part-time 4-H Installation Club coordinators provided support to 4-H staff responsible for chartering clubs, enrolling members, training club leaders, and involving 4-H military club members in local, regional, and state programs. Branch focus area greatly influenced the identification of outcomes that gave staff members direction as they planned programming to develop life skills in the youth. The 4-H project focus areas were citizenship, healthy living, and science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM).

Projects in the citizenship focus area included 4-H Day at the Capitol, club officer training, presentations, theater arts, service learning, character education, and bully prevention. Projects in the healthy living focus area included 4-H cooking, dashboard dining, Teen Cuisine, first aid, and steps for being a healthy teen. STEM projects included National 4-H Youth Science Day Experiment–Motion Commotion, junk-drawer robotics, environmental education, and gardening.

Participants were invited to complete the 4-H Common Measures evaluation, which was completed by approximately 129 youth. Responses showed the following results in the three project focus areas:

Citizenship: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 88% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they don't let their friends talk them into doing something that they don't want to do; 90% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they can apply knowledge in ways that solve real-life problems through community service.

Healthy Living: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 93% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they learned how to make healthy food choices; 85% agreed or strongly agreed that they now eat more fruits and vegetables.

STEM: As a result of participation in this 4-H program, 85% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they want to learn more about science; 94% agreed or strongly agreed that they like experimenting and testing ideas.

King George has a 4-H Military Club at the Dahlgren Youth Activity Center (YAC) with 91 registered youth in the 2016 4-H year. Several training programs were conducted with YAC staff members during the year to support their 4-H programming. Youth were trained in club organization, Teen Cuisine, and drone discovery during the year. The Hampton 4-H Program provided staff development training for 46 Langley-Fort Eustis Joint Bases staff on team-building, 4-H curriculum showcase, and conflict resolution to support 4-H programming.

More than 120 youth participated in STEM, Health Rocks, Character Education, and Nutrition programs. The James City County 4-H Program supports a Cloverbud Club at the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station. This club serves approximately 10 youth with monthly club meetings during the school year and provided approximately 42 youth with a summer-long day-camp experience in 2016. Training and curriculum resources are regularly provided to volunteer club leaders.

Economy, Food and Nutrition

Challenge: Maintaining a trained workforce is vital for the prevention of foodborne illnesses in Virginia. Each year in the U.S., there are approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths linked to foodborne illness. Food processors and food retail companies must understand safe food-handling practices, emerging pathogens, and new research and regulations so that they can remain in business and market safe, quality food products. Language barriers can make it difficult for employees to understand and apply these basic safe food-handling and manufacturing practices.

Action: The Virginia Seafood Agricultural Research and Extension Center (AREC) provided 18 food safety trainings and workshops to 292 clients from 64 food processing companies in Virginia and nationwide. Nine of the trainings and workshops were delivered in Spanish.

Results: The trainings are essential to ongoing efforts by industry and government agencies to prevent and reduce the risk of foodborne pathogens from the farm-to-table continuum. The emphasis on prevention is consistent with the FDA HACCP plan systems and Food Safety Modernization Act, and reflects the FDA's current Good Manufacturing Practice requirements, new requirements for Hazard Analysis and Risk-based Preventive Controls, and other guidelines.

Following the trainings, participants are able to use this knowledge to prevent the contamination of the foods they process or serve to the public. State inspectors can use the trainings to properly evaluate food safety plans and food allergen control practices. Because the programs can be delivered in Spanish, the high proportion of Hispanic employees and farmers are able to understand and apply food safety systems. New food safety regulations will soon change the way food is processed, packed, and held.

The Seafood AREC is preparing to schedule new trainings to support the food industry, Extension, and Virginia food inspectors in the understanding and application of these new regulations.

Environment

Challenge: The Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services requires licensed pesticide applicators to obtain continuing education credits to meet state and federal guidelines and to maintain their licenses. Applicators need to remain current on pesticide regulations and technology to make safe and sound pest management decisions related to personal, community, and environmental health.

Action: Virginia Cooperative Extension agents from Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake, York County, and Virginia Beach plan pesticide programs to address the needs of applicators in southeastern Virginia. Pesticide training workshops meet strict VDACS criteria and target licensed municipal and private applicators with certifications in six categories. Five recertification workshops were conducted in 2016, which covered applicators in eight major Hampton Roads cities.

Results: As a result of these workshops, 399 Commercial Pesticide Applicators and Registered Technicians were trained and recertified to meet state and federal guidelines. Based on workshop evaluations, greater than 95% of applicators said they had learned something new; 100% said they understand what they need to do to comply with regulations; 100% said they understand use of application equipment and techniques; and more than 96% said they will use an integrated pest management approach, including scouting and reducing the number of applications and the toxicity of the product used. These behavioral changes will reduce the number of VDACS violations and the threats to applicator health and the environment.