Before You Begin

This document describes the Oracle WebLogic Server implementation of transactions in Enterprise JavaBeans. The information in this document supplements the Enterprise JavaBeans Specification 2.1.

Note:

Before proceeding with the rest of this chapter, you should be familiar with the contents of the EJB Specification 2.1 document, particularly the concepts and material presented in Chapter 16, "Support for Transactions."

Transaction Attributes

About Transaction Attributes for EJBs

Transaction attributes determine how transactions are managed in EJB applications. For each EJB, the transaction attribute specifies whether transactions are demarcated by the WebLogic Server EJB container (container-managed transactions) or by the EJB itself (bean-managed transactions). The setting of the transaction-type element in the deployment descriptor determines whether an EJB is container-managed or bean-managed. See Chapter 16, "Support for Transactions," and Chapter 21, "Deployment Descriptor," in the EJB Specification 2.1, for more information about the transaction-type element.

In general, the use of container-managed transactions is preferred over bean-managed transactions because application coding is simpler. For example, in container-managed transactions, transactions do not need to be started explicitly.

Transaction Attributes for Container-Managed Transactions

For container-managed transactions, the transaction attribute is specified in the container-transaction element in the deployment descriptor. Container-managed transactions include all entity beans and any stateful or stateless session beans with a transaction-type set to Container. For more information about these elements, see Programming WebLogic Enterprise JavaBeans for Oracle WebLogic Server.

The Application Assembler can specify the following transaction attributes for EJBs and their business methods:

The WebLogic Server EJB container automatically sets the transaction timeout if a timeout value is not defined in the deployment descriptor. The container uses the value of the Timeout Seconds configuration parameter. The default timeout value is 30 seconds.

For EJBs with container-managed transactions, the EJBs have no access to the javax.transaction.UserTransaction interface, and the entering and exiting transaction contexts must match. In addition, EJBs with container-managed transactions have limited support for the setRollbackOnly and getRollbackOnly methods of the javax.ejb.EJBContext interface, where invocations are restricted by rules specified in Sections 16.4.4.2 and 16.4.4.3 of the EJB Specification 2.1.

Transaction Attributes for Bean-Managed Transactions

For bean-managed transactions, the bean specifies transaction demarcations using methods in the javax.transaction.UserTransaction interface. Bean-managed transactions include any stateful or stateless session beans with a transaction-type set to Bean. Entity beans cannot use bean-managed transactions.

For stateless session beans, the entering and exiting transaction contexts must match. For stateful session beans, the entering and exiting transaction contexts may or may not match. If they do not match, the WebLogic Server EJB container maintains associations between the bean and the non-terminated transaction.

Session beans with bean-managed transactions cannot use the setRollbackOnly and getRollbackOnly methods of the javax.ejb.EJBContext interface.

Participating in a Transaction

When the EJB Specification 2.1 uses the phrase "participating in a transaction," Oracle interprets this to mean that the bean meets either of the following conditions:

The bean is invoked in a transactional context (container-managed transaction).

The bean begins a transaction using the UserTransaction API in a bean method invoked by the client (bean-managed transaction), and it does not suspend or terminate that transaction upon completion of the corresponding bean method invoked by the client.

Transaction Semantics

The EJB Specification 2.1 describes semantics that govern transaction processing behavior based on the EJB type (entity bean, stateless session bean, or stateful session bean) and the transaction type (container-managed or bean-managed). These semantics describe the transaction context at the time a method is invoked and define whether the EJB can access methods in the javax.transaction.UserTransaction interface. EJB applications must be designed with these semantics in mind.

Transaction Semantics for Container-Managed Transactions

For container-managed transactions, transaction semantics vary for each bean type.

Session Synchronization

A stateful session bean using container-managed transactions can implement the javax.ejb.SessionSynchronization interface to provide transaction synchronization notifications. In addition, all methods on the stateful session bean must support one of the following transaction attributes: REQUIRES_NEW, MANDATORY or REQUIRED. For more information about the javax.ejb.SessionSynchronization interface, see Section 6.5.3 in the EJB Specification 2.1.

Synchronization During Transactions

If a bean implements SessionSynchronization, the WebLogic Server EJB container typically makes the following callbacks to the bean during transaction commit time:

afterBegin()

beforeCompletion()

afterCompletion()

The EJB container can call other beans or involve additional XA resources in the beforeCompletion method. The number of calls is limited by the beforeCompletionIterationLimit attribute. This attribute specifies how many cycles of callbacks are processed before the transaction is rolled back. A synchronization cycle can occur when a registered object receives a beforeCompletion callback and then enlists additional resources or causes a previously synchronized object to be reregistered. The iteration limit ensures that synchronization cycles do not run indefinitely.

Setting Transaction Timeouts

Bean providers can specify the timeout period for transactions in EJB applications. If the duration of a transaction exceeds the specified timeout setting, then the Transaction Service rolls back the transaction automatically.

Note:

You must set the timeout before you begin() the transaction. Setting a timeout does not affect transaction transactions that have begun.

For more information about how exceptions are thrown by business methods in EJB transactions, see the following tables in Section 17.3: Table 12 (for container-managed transactions) and Table 13 (for bean-managed transactions).