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STUDENTS' E-MAIL NEWS FROM CZECH REPUBLIC
Faculty of Social Science of Charles University
Smetanovo nabr. 6
110 01 Prague 1
Czech Republic
e-mail: CAROLINA@cuni.cz
tel: (+4202) 24810804, ext. 252, fax: (+4202) 24810987
*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*-*
C A R O L I N A No 239, Friday, March 21, 1997.
FROM THE EVENTS OF THE PAST WEEK (March 12-19)
Russian Ambassador's Statements Cause Uproar
Russian Ambassador to the Czech Republic Nikolai Riabov told Moscow
television that the Czech Republic's entry into NATO could threaten key
Czech-Russian agreements. He threatened that Moscow could revise
economic agreements with Prague, including those on natural gas and
nuclear energy supply. More than 90 per cent of the natural gas consumed
in the Czech Republic is supplied by Russia, although Norway was chosen
this week to take up a portion of the supply.
Czech Prime Minister Vaclav Klaus called Riabov's statements
shocking, and hopes that the Russian government will consider them the
ambassador's personal statements, rather than representing his
country's standpoint. He emphasized that if they were official
statements, they would only serve to increase the Czech Republic's
interest in NATO entry.
Czech Foreign Minister Josef Zieleniec demanded an explanation from
Riabov March 18, and informed him that his statements had disturbed
Czech-Russian relations. Zieleniec says that Russia should accept the
Czech Republic's decision to enter NATO as being irreversible.
President Vaclav Havel remarked that Riabov's statements were
overvalued, saying "in all respect to the Russian ambassador, he does
not decide the fate of the world."
David Vlk/Andrea Snyder
Norwegian Royal Couple Visit
Norwegian King Harald V and his wife Sonja visited the Czech
Republic at President Vaclav Havel's invitation March 18. The other of
the king's two annual trips abroad will be to China.
Zuzana Kawaciukova/Andrea Snyder
Radical Changes for Social Democrats
Radical changes in party viewpoint were made at the 28th Social
Democrat (CSSD) party congress March 14-16. New articles of association
and a new political program were approved, confirming the party's
confrontational position towards the government coalition. The new
resolutions sharply criticize the government, especially the ruling
Civic Democratic Party, calling the government's administration
incapable of accepting conceptual and systematic solutions.
CSSD denies the possibility of a coalition with the Communists or
the neo-Fascist Republicans. An opinion widely approved in the party is
that cooperation with extremist groups can be conducted on a communal
level, but not at higher levels.
The liberal wing of CSSD, led by Karel Machovec, is pushing for
a non-confrontational position toward the coalition. They were
a minority at the congress and did not make the expected proposals to
challenge the Social Democrats' wish for a NATO referendum. Machovec had
the support of a quarter of the party delegates in the race for
chairman.
Parliament Chairman Milos Zeman was once again voted in as CSSD
chairman. Vladimir Spidla bumped Machovec, Zeman's greatest party rival,
from the vice-chair's seat. Spidla is the chairman of Parliament's
Social Committee. Ivo Svoboda, the CSSD spokesman in technical matters
of financial policy, was voted vice-chairman for party management. He
was supported by Zeman in his protest of Secretary Jana Volfova's
organization. It is said that Svoboda is the man to rid CSSD of its
debts. According to wire-service information, CSSD owes the state up to
60 million crowns. Petra Buzkova, Zdenek Skromach and Vladislav Schromm
were also voted in as general vice-chairs. Skromach and Schromm were
supported by the Moravian lobby, which wanted representation in the
party's management.
Former head of the Budget Committee Josef Wagner's membership was
revoked definitively (see Carolina 232). A third of the delegates voted
against the expulsion. The Czech media interpreted the congress as
a narrow victory for Zeman and his confrontational approach, while
criticism of Zeman and his policies had clearly grown since the last
congress two years ago.
Petra Sevcikova/Andrea Snyder
Klaus Calls CSSD Policies Populist
Current domestic politics issues were discussed at a March 15-16
Civic Democratic Party (ODS) executive board meeting in Opava. The main
topic was the Social Democrat (CSSD) party congress in nearby Bohumin.
Sharp words and harsh criticism, reminiscent of the summer election
campaign, flew between the two towns.
ODS Chairman Vaclav Klaus says that while his party is not interested
in CSSD's personal affairs, they do not like the its confrontational
approach. He says that Zeman bases his populistic policies on
unrealistic promises.
Libuse Kolouchova/Andrea Snyder
Government Agrees to Deregulate Rents and Energy Prices
The government agreed March 12 to deregulate rents and energy
prices. Rents will increase at an average of roughly 50 per cent as of
July 1, and energy go up nearly 15 per cent. The increase in rent
depends on the population of given towns. In towns with population of
more than 100,000, rents will go up by 62 per cent, while in smaller
towns, it will be upped by an average of 25 per cent. Prague's rents
will double.
The government set a date for price regulation to end definitively.
Communities with populations of up to 10,000 should make the change in
the middle of 1997, other towns should complete the process by the year
2000. The Cabinet also approved Minister of Labor and Social Affairs
Jindrich Vodicka's proposal for compensating the poor.
The price of energy will grow 17 per cent at the beginning of next
year with the value-added tax increasing from 5 per cent to 22 per cent.
Estimates are that the increases should escort an additional 7 billion
crowns into state coffers.
However, two days after the government met, the Civic Democratic
Alliance (ODA, the junior coalition member pushing deregulation) accused
its coalition partners of not upholding the February deregulation
agreements. ODA says that the ruling Civic Democratic Party (ODS) and
the Christian Democrats are trying to soften the deregulation blow. ODA
Spokesman David Rozanek told Czech daily MF DNES March 15 that ministers
do not know what they actually agreed to. He added that negotiations
ended without a closing statement, that the government did not issue an
official communique and that the conclusions were later changed.
Michal Schindler/Andrea Snyder
Teachers to Teach More
The Czech government approved the Education Minister Ivan Pilip's
proposal to increase teaching hours for public-school teachers.
According to the new regulation, elementary school teachers will have to
teach one more hour per week, while secondary school teachers are going
to be obliged to teach two more hours weekly. The government expects
that the regulation could lead to a decrease in school staffs of about
7,800 to 9,300 employees. The money saved would make it possible enable
to increase teachers' salaries by about 1,000 crowns monthly. School
trade unions have criticized the decision, and the Czech government
defended it by arguing that new minimal teaching requirements (24
classroom hours per week) are comparable to those of OECD countries.
Lenka Javurkova/Milan Smid
Karel Vulterin Appointed Head of BIS
The government finally appointed a new director of the Security
Information Service (BIS) March 12, choosing Karel Vulterin, a rather
obscure researcher and trade unionist. This appointment ended the
four-month period of leaderlessness in the BIS following the departure
of former provisional director Stanislav Devaty. Devaty stepped down
after Josef Lux, deputy prime minister and chairman of the coalition
Christian Democrats, charged the BIS with unlawful spying on politicians
(see Carolina 223).
Ministers have valued Karel Vulterin's managerial skill and the fact
that he never had any connection to a political party (Devaty was
associated with the governing Civic Democratic Party). "He has a big
chance to resolve many past matters for good, because he is a BIS
outsider with absolutely no political connections," said Minister Pavel
Bratinka (Civic Democratic Alliance) in the daily MF DNES March 13.
Opposition leaders the Social Democrats, frequent critics of BIS
performance, promised to support Vulterin's appointment. Coalition and
opposition parties unanimously agree that Vulterin will stop leaks of
top-secret information from the agency.
Karolina Cebrovska/Milan Smid
Who Is Karel Vulterin?
The new Security Information Service (BIS) director was born August
8, 1947 in Prague, and is single and childless. From 1990 he was chief
of the radio-isotope department of the Charles University Medical
School's Institute for Toxicology and Forensic Chemistry. He has been
head of the central radio-isotope laboratory of the First Medical School
since 1996 and since 1993 has been chairman of the University Trade
Union. He cooperated with Education Minister Ivan Pilip in working out
a conception for university financing. He has never been a political
party member. According to co-workers, he is a decent and calm person
uninclined to hasty and radical judgments.
from the daily Slovo by Karolina Cebrovska/Mirek Langer
Attorney General Resigns
Attorney General Bohumira Kopecna, who was to be recalled by
Minister of Justice Vlasta Parkanova (see Carolina 238), decided to
resign. She announced her decision to leave by April 1 to Prime Minister
Vaclav Klaus during their meeting two days after the minister's proposal
was published.
Karolina Cebrovska/Mirek Langer
Anti-Drug Commission Head Chosen
Psychiatrist Pavel Bem was chosen from numerous applicants to head
the inter-ministerial Anti-Drug Commission March 13. Prime Minister
Vaclav Klaus appointed Bem to the position, from which Klaus had
recalled the psychiatrist a year ago because of alleged disparities with
Igor Nemec, the head of the Office of the Government at that time.
Bem says the state's anti-drug policies will continue to be based on
prevention, suppression and treatment of addicts. Bem, who worked as an
advisor to Interior Minister Jan Ruml (Civic Democratic Party) after
being recalled, commented that he would like to work with Jiri Richter,
who also applied for the job. Richter is the former head of the National
Drug Information Service.
Matej Cerny/Andrea Snyder
Racists Sentenced for Death of Romany
The case of Romany (Gypsy) Tibor Danihel has finally come to an end.
The district court of Pisek sentenced three skinheads March 12 to 22
months to 31 months of prison time. Another skinhead was sentenced to
24 months. Danihel drowned in the Otava River while a band of skinheads
prevented him from escaping.
The Pisek incident took place in 1993, and the court proceedings
have lasted years. The sentenced skinheads were also found guilty of
violent crimes against a group of citizens as well as against an
individual, for supporting and propagating a movement leading to the
repression of human rights and freedoms and also for extortion. The
percentage of similar, racially motivated cases has risen every year.
According to statistics kept by the Movement of Solidarity and
Tolerance (HOST), since 1990 there have been 11 racially motivated
murders recorded. Also, the number of crimes based on discriminating
against Romanies has risen, as have beliefs reflecting racial hatred. In
1996, 148 such cases were registered. A vast majority of the accused are
skinheads, who sometimes have silent support from the citizenry in
regions with high Romany crime rates. This latent racism is, according
to some sociologists, as dangerous as racial excesses outside the law.
Jaroslav Schovanec/Sofia Karakeva
Republican Votava Gets Three Years' Probation
Neo-Fascist Republican official Lubomir Votava was sentenced to
three years' probation March 13 by the Prague 1 District Court.
In 1994 Votava attacked a reporter from TV NOVA during a Republican
demonstration connected with the celebration in Prague's Old Town Square
of the anniversary of the founding of Czechoslovakia in 1918. Votava was
sentenced to 16 months in prison, suspended during the probation.
Marketa Kropacova/Sofia Karakeva
Police Commander in Propast Club Raid Did Not Break Law
Frantisek Brazdil, commander of the raid which took place in May in
Prague's Propast rock club, did not break the law when he arranged for
a group of commandos to raid a benefit concert in Propast with machine
guns and with masks covering their faces, according to the Prague 3
District Court. Brazdil will be tried only for the misdemeanor offense
of allowing his commandos to wear masks.
The case of Propast provoked a wave of criticism not only from
concertgoers but also from Interior Minister Jan Ruml. Immediately after
the raid, the minister condemned the police's incompetence, as they
failed to record the incident on any of three videocameras used.
Marketa Kropacova/Sofia Karakeva
FROM SLOVAKIA
Students Support Striking Actors
Slovak Culture Minister Ivan Hudec has signed a criminal complaint
for the prosecution of artists who entered and occupied his ministry
March 10. Eighteen opposition legislators, who entered the office along
with the artists, are also accused of breaking and entering. Interior
Minister Gustav Krejci has proposed looking into whether the 18 had
broken their oath to the state.
Slovak President Michal Kovac told the daily Sme that Hudec should
resign if he is not able to enter into constructive relations with the
people involved in culture. The Association of Theater Unions and 40
opposition legislators have supported his demand.
Students of Slovak universities have backed the striking actors.
They protested at a demonstration, watched by police, in front of the
Slovak National Assembly March 13. On March 17 more than 3,000 students
gathered at Slovak National Uprising Square in Bratislava and demanded
Hudec's resignation. All Slovak university students planned to organize
a massive demonstration March 13.
Roman Jedlicka/Jan Majer
ECONOMY
COMPANIES AND MARKETS
* Prices on the Prague Stock Exchange are significantly down after
a short upward spurt at the beginning of the year. The PX-50 index
closed at 550 points March 18 and finished the week at 553.3 points. The
exchange also decided to remove 100 companies from the market for lack
of trading, with hundreds more companies to follow.
* The assets of CS Funds, which were recently more than 1 billion
crowns, have disappeared in an unbelievable machination; the investment
company administering CS Funds was bought by a Russian citizen, who then
sold out the funds' assets and with the money arranged to buy
a basically worthless poultry farm in Prisovice. The Securities Office
suggested police should investigate the transaction. It is not clear
what role was played by Motoinvest, which had owned the investment
company controlling CS Funds.
* The companies Spolchemie Usti nad Labem and Ironworks and Wiring
Bohumin will evidently become financially connected with Zlin's
Foresbank. Foresbank shows a loss for 1996 and has been under strict
observation from the Czech National Bank for some time, because of the
bank's excessive activity in securities and its pension-fund losses. Jan
Dienstl of Motoinvest denied speculations about a new attack of the
Prague capital market sharks, although his firm is involved in the
companies concerned.
* Bayerische Landesbank has confirmed its investment in Interbank and
at the same time will raise the bank's trade capital.
* Lubomir Soudek is about to buy almost 9 per cent of Skoda Plzen
shares through a preferential offer from the National Property Fund.
Soudek already owns about a quarter of the Pilsen machine works.
* Stavby silnic a zeleznic, one of the most important companies in
transportation construction, added 1 billion crowns to its yearly
turnover in 1996, reaching a total turnover of 5.35 billion. Although
the turnover is respectable, its profit of 80 million is not dazzling.
Martin Cermak/Jan Majer
Exchange Rates at the Czech National Bank
(valid from March 21)
country currency
------------------------------------------
Australia 1 AUD 22.965
Belgium 100 BEF 84.334
Great Britain 1 GBP 46.495
Denmark 1 DKK 4.560
Finland 1 FIM 5.785
France 1 FRF 5.158
Ireland 1 IEP 45.734
Italy 1000 ITL 17.323
Japan 100 JPY 23.798
Canada 1 CAD 21.216
Luxembourg 100 LUG 84.334
Hungary 100 HUF 16.606
Netherlands 1 NLG 15.457
Norway 1 NOK 4.323
New Zealand 1 NZD 20.162
Poland 1 PLN 9.494
Portugal 100 PTE 17.283
Austria 1 ATS 2.473
Greece 100 GRD 11.008
Slovakia 100 SKK 88.293
Germany 1 DEM 17.403
Spain 100 ESP 20.486
Sweden 1 SEK 3.820
Switzerland 1 CHF 20.315
USA 1 USD 29.167
ECU 1 XEU 33.663
SDR 1 XDR 40.207
CULTURE
Czech Theater Critics Award Prizes
On the heels of the Czech Lions for the best Czech films, theater
awards for 1996 were presented in Prague's Archa Theater March 13.
President Vaclav Havel attended the ceremony, which was hosted by
playwright and director Arnost Goldflam. Havel is an honorary board
member of the Alfred Radok Foundation. The Alfred Radok Prize for best
staging of the year went to director Jan Antonin Pitinsky, for the
second consecutive year. The panel of theater critics rewarded him for
his direction of Joseph Roth's Job with the HaDivadlo Theater of Brno.
Aside from the winning play, two other works of Pitinsky were
nominated in the category - Zlin Theater's performance of Her
Shepherdess (Jeji pastorkyne, written by Gabriela Preissova, music
composed by Leos Janacek) and Ritter, Dene, Voss by Austrian Thomas
Bernhard. The latter won World and Theater magazine's award for best
play and prizes for best actor and actress, for the performances of Jiri
Ornest and Emilie Vasaryova, respectively.
In the competition for the Alfred Radok Foundation Prize, awarded
for the best original play, were 38 works of Czech and Slovak authors,
and the winner was Silvester, written by Lavrik Katarin. Talent of the
Year was composer Martin Dohnal, who wrote the music for Pitinsky's Job,
a composition he subtitled Oratory for a Theater Player.
The best decorator is Jan Dusek, for his settings for
Shakespeare's Othello, performed by Brno's City Theater. The title
Theater of the Year went to Prague's Comedy Theater (Divadlo Komedie).
The critics' prizes are not the only ones in the drama field - the
Thalie 96 awards for extraordinary performance in drama, opera and
ballet will be announced March 22 in Prague's National Theater.
Ondrej Slavik/Magdalena Vanova
Soprano Drahomira Tikalova Died
Soprano singer Drahomira Tikalova died March 14 at 81. She was born
in Berlin, but her home was Czechoslovakia, where she studied and lived.
She wanted to become a physician, but then decided for opera singing.
Not long after she won an international singing competition in Vienna.
Her first engagement was in Brno's opera, and shortly after that she was
a guest performer in Prague's National Theater, where she sang Vendulka
in Bedrich Smetana's The Kiss (Hubicka). She became a member of the
National Theater in 1943.
Tikalova favored Czech works, but was also successful in many
classic works of world-renowned composers. In 1980 she was pronounced
a National Artist, along with dancer Miroslava Pesikova. She retired
from the stage four years later.
Ondrej Slavik/Magdalena Vanova
Writer and Anti-Communist Karel Pecka Died
After a short illness, writer and signatory of Charter 77 Karel
Pecka died in a Prague hospital at age 68 March 13. In 1949, when he was
20, he was convicted of high treason for distribution of
anti-government leaflets, and sentenced to 11 years of prison. Most of
his sentence was spent in Jachymov, working in the notorious uranium
mine.
Pecka waited years for the publication of the works he wrote behind
bars. His debut was the 1966 anthology of short stories Escapes (Uniky).
The prison atmosphere and political repression of the 50's is the theme
of his novels Fever (Horecka) and The Great Solstice (Velky slunovrat),
published in the 60's. During the normalization era of the 70's his
texts were circulated only in samizdat. He received the Egon Hostovsky
Prize for his two-volume, autobiographical novel Motaky nezvestnemu
(Reel to Missing), released by expatriate writer Josef Skvorecky's 68
Publishers in Toronto. Skvorecky and his wife published further works
from Pecka, and some have recently been adapted for television. Pecka's
absurd novel Passage was chosen by director Juraj Herz (Cremator of
Corpses) for his newest film.
Ondrej Slavik/Magdalena Vanova
SPORTS
Soccer League 19th Round without Surprises
All four teams at the top of the soccer league won their matches
during the March 14-16 weekend. Slavia Praha, with a keen appetite for
shooting, defeated Teplice 3-0, while Sparta Praha had to grapple for
its 1-0 win on the Bohemians' field till the final whistle. Liberec was
down 0-2 after six minutes, but thanks to its pressure play managed to
turn the match into a 3-2 victory. Jablonec defeated Ceske Budejovice
2-0. Slavia leads the league ahead of Sparta, Liberec and Jablonec,
while between first and the fourth place is only a two-point difference.
Opava's full house saw a 1-2 loss to Olomouc, Drnovice celebrated
its first spring win, 2-0 over Brno. Teams fighting for the last places
did not win. Hradec Kralove tied Viktoria Zizkov 0-0 and Karvina, after
a 1-3 loss in Ostrava, remains in last place.
Honza Mazak/Mirek Langer
Czech Soccer Players' Successful Last Test before Yugoslavia
The Czech national soccer team defeated Poland in Ostrava 2-1 and
amused coach Dusan Uhrin before the upcoming qualification match against
Yugoslavia. Pavel Kuka opened the scoring, and defender Karel Rada
showed his good form by scoring the Czech team's second goal. Goalkeeper
Srnicek threw a shutout until the final minute.
The Czech under-21 team played in Wlodzislav and tied Poland 1-1
(goal: Jarosik).
Mirek Langer/Mirek Langer
Neumannova Third in Cross-Country World Cup Final Results
Katerina Neumannova, bronze medalist at this year's world
championships, finished third in the cros-country skiing World Cup final
standings, behind Elena Valbe (Russia) and Stefania Belmondo (Italy).
The last World Cup cross-country race in Holmenkollen over the weekend
determined the final order. Neumannova had to start the race despite
being sick, because the Russian Gavriliuk could have passed Neumannova
on the chart. An exhausted Neumannova finished 22nd, which was enough to
maintain third place and crown a successful season.
The Czech skier will start in the army world championships in Canada
next week (Neumannova is the army club Dukla Liberec member), but then
she will have a rest before the summer mountain bikes races.
Honza Mazak/Mirek Langer
Extraleague Playoffs Begin
The matches of the eight candidates for the Czech hockey
championship started March 14. The first round of the playoffs is
a best-of-five format, with the higher-seeded team hosting the first two
games.
Ceske Budejovice players managed to take the first game, on Sparta
Praha's ice, into penalty shots, where they managed to steal a win.
After Sparta took the second game, Budejovice's home crowd saw a tough
match with a happy end for the home team.
With goals in the first minutes of both home games, defending
champion Vsetin knocked Slavia Praha into a hole from which Slavia could
not climb out. In the third match, an average performance was enough to
record a win against the feeble Slavia, and Vsetin deservedly advanced
to the semifinals.
Vitkovice broke into the first match like a hurricane and
mercilessly abused the Kladno goal. In the second game, the excellent
Vitkovice goalie Prusek recorded a shutout for the ninth time this
season. Kladno could not adapt to Vitkovice's agressive play, even in
its own stadium, and so exited the playoff.
The first match in Trinec was even for a long time, until Kabrt's
shot gave Pardubice the win. The second match was the most dramatic of
the quarterfinal round. Despite a great Pardubice finish, Trinec held on
for a 4-3 win. The third match, full of great hockey, was won deservedly
by Pardubice.
Results: Sparta Praha - Ceske Budejovice 3-3 (penalty shots 0-2),
3-1, 2-4, 4-2; games: 2-2. Vsetin - Slavia Praha 2-1, 4-1, 7-0; Vsetin
advances to the semifinals. Vitkovice - Kladno 6-2, 3-0, 8-3; Vitkovice
advances to the semifinals. Trinec - Pardubice 1-4, 4-3, 1-6, 0-6;
Pardubice advances to the semifinals.
Pavel Novak/Mirek Langer
SPORTS IN BRIEF
* Bohdan Ulihrach lost in the final to America's Michael Chang in the
ATP Tour Championships in Indian Wells (Ulihrach defeated world
number-one Pete Sampras earlier), while Martin Damm lost in the final to
Johansson (Sweden) in Copenhagen.
* The Czech Republic got 26 medals and won 10 of 12 disciplines in the
world skibobs championships in Balderschwang, Germany. Irena Francova
took five golds, giving her 27 career world-champion titles.
Mirek Langer/Mirek Langer
WEATHER
Never mind that we all thought spring had sprung last week, morning
frosts brought us back to earth. This week temperatures were slightly
above 0 degrees Celsius/32 degrees Fahrenheit. It's cold, and nothing
will change the fact that this year's spring starts March 20, at exactly
2:45 p.m. Central European Time.
Simona Malkovska/Andrea Snyder
English version edited by Michael Bluhm
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Study in Prague This Summer
From July 12 to August 3, the Faculty of Social Sciences, together
with Georgetown University and The Fund for American Studies, will
sponsor The American Institute on Comparative Political and Economic
Systems for the fifth consecutive year.
The Institute will take place at the Faculty of Social Sciences in
Prague, and will include lectures by professors from Georgetown
University and Charles University, as well as guest appearances by
notable political and cultural figures. All lectures and site briefings
will be held in English.
In 1996, more than 100 students from 22 different countries
attended the Institute. In 1997 the program hopes to maintain the same
number of students. The institute offers an equally diverse and
interesting program by combining lectures with site briefings around
Prague and an exciting program of social activities.
Scholarships are available for students from Central and Eastern
Europe. For further details and an application form, contact either Ann
Erker at The Fund for American Studies or Cyril Simsa at the Faculty of
Social Sciences at the following e-mail addresses:
Ann Erker: aipes@tfas.org
Cyril Simsa: SVOZ@mbox.fsv.cuni.cz
Please remember to include your full postal address, as well as
your e-mail address, since the applications will have to be sent by
post.
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