We'll come to you.

Teaching Rebellion documents testimonials of participants in the popular uprising of Oaxaca in 2006. Available as a softcover, and as an ebook on the Amazon Kindle and Sony Reader. Profits go to grassroots groups in Oaxaca.

BLOOD FOR SILVER, BLOOD FOR GOLD - THE ASSASSINATION OF BERNARDO VASQUEZ: At Fortuna Silver's mine in Oaxaca, Mexico

In the dry and dusty town of San José del Pacifico, south of Oaxaca, Mexico, a funeral was held on March 17 for Bernardo Vasquez, a slain community leader who actively opposed a Canadian silver and gold mining project in his community. During the somber event, attended by roughly 300 members of this Zapotec community, the collective grief, solidarity and resistance was palpable.

By:

Jonathan Treat

BLOOD FOR SILVER, BLOOD FOR GOLD - THE ASSASSINATION OF BERNARDO VASQUEZ: At Fortuna Silver's mine in Oaxaca, Mexico

(Article and photos by Jonathan Treat, March 18, 2012)

"One thing is clear: this was a political hit. Bernardo was murdered because he dared to speak out." (Dawn Paley)

(At the gravesite of Bernardo Vasquez, "Stop the Assassinations")

In the dry and dusty town of San José del Pacifico, south of Oaxaca, Mexico, a funeral was held on March 17 for Bernardo Vasquez, a slain community leader who actively opposed a Canadian silver and gold mining project in his community. During the somber event, attended by roughly 300 members of this Zapotec community, the collective grief, solidarity and resistance was palpable. Fear also hung in the air; some people held placards proclaiming their resistance in front of their faces to avoid being photographed.

(Bernardo's mother and family grieving their loss)

The fear is understandable - Bernardo Vásquez was the second anti-mining activist to be shot dead in the past two months. Three others at the scene of the assassination of Vasquez were also shot and remain in serious condition.

WHY THE VIOLENCE?

Why all the bloodshed in this small Zapotec community? The common thread connecting the victims of the recent violence is that - together with a coalition of people from other nearby communities - they were all actively opposing the presence of the Canadian company, Fortuna Silver Inc.'s "Trinidad/Cuzcatlán" silver and gold mine in their community in the Ocotlán valley, about 45 minutes outside of Oaxaca City.

("Berna, We Will Always Rembember You. You Fought for Us")

Bernardo Vásquez was killed on March 16 when he and two passengers were ambushed at an intersection near his community. His brother Andrés and friend Rosalinda Canseco remain hospitalized in serious condition. In an interview at the hospital, Rosalinda's father said doctors are concerned they may have to amputate her leg.

PREVIOUS KILLING OF BERNARDO MENDEZ

Two months ago, the now dead Bernardo Vásquez was denouncing the murder of Bernardo Mendez, a friend and colleague also opposed to the Trinidad/Cuzcatán mine. During a press conference on January 23, as spokesperson for a local coalition of people opposed to Fortuna Silver's mine, Vásquez denounced the shooting death of Méndez that had occurred several days earlier. That murder happened when a group of people confronted a work crew constructing a water pipeline in San José. The people suspected the project would divert the arid community's scarce water resources to the mine. An argument ensued and municipal police arrived on the scene and opened fire into the crowd. Bernardo Méndez later died of 7 gunshot wounds. Abigail Vásquez, sister of Bernardo Vázquez (killed March 16), was seriously wounded in the January killing.

During the press conference, Vázquez and the Coalition of People United in the Ocotlán Valley (COPOVU) held the Vancouver-based Fortuna Silver and it's local Trinidad/Cuzcatlán mining activities directly responsible for the murder and other related violence, and called for the suspension and removal of all the mining company's activities in San José. The anti-mining group also called for the cancellation and removal of the mining project.

FORTUNA SILVER DENIES ANY LINKS TO ITS ACTIVITIES AND THE VIOLENCE

Mining officials dismissed allegations that the mine was diverting water from the community, and denied any links between the recent violence and their mining operation in San José del Progreso. In response to COPOVU's accusations that the mine is responsible for the violence in San José, CEO Jorge Ganoza called the allegations "misinformation".

"We, as a company, and our team in Oaxaca, are saddened by these senseless and continued acts of violence in the town of San José, related to a long-standing political struggle for local power", he said in statement published by Canadian media. "It is in no way related to our activities or involves company personnel...". Several Oaxaca state government officials in press releases repeat this version of events, but critics point out to a long history of violence in local communities since Fortuna Silver first arrived on the scene in 2006.

HISTORY OF MINE-RELATED VIOLENCE

In 2009, roughly three hundred opponents to Fortuna Silver's mining operation participated in a blockade of the entrance to the Trinidad/Cuzcatlán. After 40 days, the blockade was brutally broken when some 700 police stormed into the community in full anti-riot gear, with automatic weapons, tear gas, attack dogs and a helicopter. People were beaten and more than 23 people were arrested; some were detained for three months.

In 2010, the mayor of San José, along with another municipal official, was killed in a confrontation between residents supporting and those opposing the mine. A local priest supporting anti-mining activists was brutally beaten and detained.

The ongoing violence has divided and created a tense, fearful atmosphere in the once peaceful community. One local activist who has been involved in resistance to the mine from the beginning estimated that the vast majority of residents were opposed to the mine when it started originally arrived to break ground in the community. The ongoing repression and intimidation - coupled with bribes to prominent members of the community - has reduced the number of residents who actively resist the mine. Nonetheless, he estimated that roughly half of the community is opposed to the mine, and many others are against the mine but fearful of openly resisting the mining project.

WHY THE OPPOSITION TO THE MINE?

In the arid Ocotlán valley of Oaxaca, as in many parts of the state, water is a scarce and precious commodity. Residents opposed to the mine argue that processing silver and gold is water-intensive puts their local aquifers at risk.

Their argument has strong precedent. Another Oaxacan community with years of painful experience with mining operations, Calpulálpam, had its water supply devastated by the Canadian "Continuum" mine there. Aquifers were disrupted and local resident report that 13 local streams completely dried up due to mining in their community. Local springs were also so polluted by chemicals used to process ore that livestock were dying from the contamination. The devastation was so flagrant that the Mexican Federal Environmental Protection Agency eventually ordered the mine to suspend all activities.

Thus the violent confrontation in January between the group of local residents and workers installing a water pipeline is understandable. The actual motives behind the project remain unclear; transparency about public works in San José is sorely lacking. While Fortuna Silver continues to flatly deny any link between purported municipal potable water project and mining activities, many local residentS remain unconvinced. And Mexico's three leading national newspapers, including the respected daily La Jornada, all reported that the disputed water pipeline was indeed related to the mining operation and all linked the violence to tensions in the community around the mine's activities there.

HUMAN RIGHTS AND CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS SPEAK OUT

In a recent statement by the Oaxacan Collective in Defense of Territories, an umbrella organization made up of prominent human rights and civil society organization, issued a statement on March 16, the day following the ambush of Vázquez and his two companions. The declaration points out that Vázquez had repeatedly alerted state and federal authorities - since 2008 - of the risk of violent confrontations due to the initiation of mining operations by Fortuna Silver without the consent of the community, as legally required by international accords signed by Mexico. The statement says that the members of the anti-mining coalition COPUVO repeatedly complained that the mining company was financing armed groups in the community with the endorsement of the municipal president of San José del Progreso, Alberto Mauro Sánchez. The collective's statement says argues that the lack of justice and application of law by government officials has created a dangerous atmosphere of impunity in San José. The statement closes with a demand for the immediate departure of the Trinidad/Cuzcatlán mine.

EULOGY FOR BERNARDO VÁSQUEZ

In a eulogy for Bernardo Vásquez, Dawn Paley, an independent Canadian journalist, wrote:

Fortuna Silver's $55 million Trinidad/Cuzcatlán mine began its production in September last year and projected to produce 1.7 million ounces of silver and 15,000 ounce of gold in 2012. Future conflicts are likely as the mine expands its operations in its 58,000 hectares holdings just south of Oaxaca City in coming years, particularly in light of the ongoing impunity enjoyed by local officials and hired guns in San José.

During the funeral, many residents expressed their concerns that the lack of justice for those responsible for the recent shootings has created an atmosphere of impunity that is likely to foster more bloodshed.

(The Funeral Procession)

But in spite of the fear and intimidation, the March 17 funeral clearly illustrated that anti-mining activists from San José together with other surrounding communities affected by the mine, will continue on in their resistance. Indignation and defiance hung in the air. Just before Vasquez's coffin was lowered into the ground, a friend said: "They can cut a flower, but they cannot stop the Spring."

(Jonathan Treat is a journalist, professor, activist and founding member of the non-profit organization SURCO (University Services and Knowledge Networks of Oaxaca), www.surcooaxaca.org. He works with SURCO as Academic Director and Coordinator of Delegations looking at issues related to the defense of indigenous territories in Oaxaca and Chiapas. Jonathan: jonathantreat2002@yahoo.com)