Having been the fourth greatest lake at the globe approximately 50 years in the past, at the present time the Aral Sea now not exists. Human actions brought on its desiccation and the formation of an enormous new barren region, the Aralkum, which are considered as one of many maximum ecological catastrophes and - even as - the biggest basic succession test of mankind.

This quantity brings jointly the result of foreign and interdisciplinary long term stories at the new wilderness environment and is split into 4 major sections. the 1st part offers an outline of the actual features of the realm and covers geological, pedological, geomorphological and climatological facets and their dynamics, in particular dust-storm dynamics. the second one makes a speciality of the biotic facets and highlights the spatial and temporal styles of the wildlife. within the 3rd part stories and tasks aiming to strive against desertification via phytomelioration and to boost innovations for the conservation of biodiversity are offered. The publication is rounded off with a bit supplying a synthesis and conclusions.

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Only during the early Holocene did the Amu Darya bend to the north. The Khorezm basin and then via the Aktsha Darya passage the Sarykamysh and the various Aral basins were filled. Aladin et al. (1996) mentioned a very huge water body, the Aral-Sarykamysh Sea, which might have had a water level of 72–73 m asl. The corresponding terraces, however, are only fragmentary and there is still some dispute about their age. They can be traced along the coastlines of the Sarykamysh and the Aral Sea. At the flat eastern coast they are almost not visible as relief lines.

Middle Asia is mainly the Aralo-Caspian basin, including Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Turkmenistan, parts of Kazakhstan, western Tajikistan and northwestern Afghanistan. Central Asia is the region east of Middle Asia, mainly east of the Altai and Pamir and north of the Himalaya (Walter 1974), including most parts from Afghanistan to Xinjiang and Mongolia. Inner Asia is the high mountain regions of eastern Pamir, Tibet and parts of western China (Agachanjanz and Breckle 1993, Breckle 2002), often regarded as part of Central Asia.

7 Sea to the Aral million years Sea BP) Separation of Caspian Sea from the former Sarmatian Sea ca. 8 million years BP) Traces of humans (30,000 years BP) Traces of humans: Mousterian sites (ca. 150,000 years BP) Second terrace of Amu Darya Kelteminar, Dzheitun, Neolithic Mesolithic Kelteminar culture? -W. V. 2 The main transgressive phases of the Aral Sea during the middle and late Holocene Nomenclature Period (years BP) Dating Altitude (m asl) Aralian 50–250 Instrumental measurements 52–53 and historical documents >54–55 New Aralian II 800–900 850 Æ 60 (14C) New Aralian I 2,000–3,000 2385 Æ 35 (14C) >54–55 2860 Æ 80 (14C) Old Aralian 5,000–6,000 5490 Æ 40 (14C) >57–58 From Lvov (1959); Weinbergs and Stelle (1980); Serebryanyi and Pshenin (1980); Drenova (1985); Melnikova (1994) asl above sea level the Aral basin most probably three separate water bodies were present (similar to the situation in recent decades) – the depression between the island of Vozrozhdeniya and the western coast, the central part between the eastern coast and Vozrozhdeniya, and in the north the Small Aral Sea.