|ImageIntro=This image is an example of a Harter-Heighway Curve (also called Dragon Curve). This fractal is an iterated function system and is often referred to as the Jurassic Park Curve, because it garnered popularity after being drawn and alluded to in the novel Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton (1990).

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|ImageIntro=This image is an artistic rendering of the Harter-Heighway Curve (also called the Dragon Curve), which is a fractal. It is often referred to as the Jurassic Park Curve because it garnered popularity after being drawn and alluded to in the novel Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton (1990).

This fractal is described by a <balloon title="A crooked line, like the the one used in this fractal, can be considered a curve."> curve</balloon> that undergoes a repetitive process (called an [[Iterated Functions|iterated process]]). To begin the process, the curve has a basic segment of a straight line.

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Then at each iteration,

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:*Each line is replaced with two line segments at an angle of 90 degrees (other angles can be used to make fractals that look slightly different).

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:*Each line is rotated alternatively to the left or to the right of the line it is replacing.

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[[Image:DragonCurve_Construction.png|900px|thumb|Base Segment and First 5 iterations of the Harter-Heighway Curve|center]]

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[[Image:DragonCurve_int15.gif|thumb|200px|right|15th iteration]]

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The Harter-Heighway Dragon is created by iteration of the curve process described above, and is thus a type of fractal known as '''iterated function systems'''. This process can be repeated infinitely, and the perimeter or length of the dragon is in fact infinite. However, if you look to the image at the right, a 15th iteration of the Harter-Heighway Dragon is already enough to create an impressive fractal.

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An interesting property of this curve is that although the corners of the fractal seem to touch at various points, the curve never actually crosses over itself. Also, the curve exhibits '''self-similarity''' when iterated infinitely because as you look look closer and closer at the curve, the magnified parts of the curve continue to look like the larger curve.

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To learn another method to create the Harter-Heighway Dragon, click [http://sierra.nmsu.edu/morandi/coursematerials/JurassicParkFractal.html here]

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This fractal is described by a curve that undergoes an iterated process. To begin the process, the curve starts out as a line as the base segment. Each iteration replaces each line with two line segments at an angle of 90 degrees (other angles can be used to make various looking fractals), with each line being rotated alternatively to the left or to the right of the line it is replacing. To learn more about [[Iterated Functions|iterated functions]], click here.

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[[Image:DragonCurve_int15.gif|thumb|200px|right|15th iteration]]

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The Harter-Heighway Dragon is created by iteration of the curve process described above. This process can be repeated infinitely, and the perimeter of the dragon is in fact infinite. However, if you look to the image at the right, a 15th iteration of the Harter-Heighway Dragon is already enough to create an impressive fractal.

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The perimeter of the Harter-Heighway curve increases by<math>\sqrt{2}</math> with each repetition of the curve.

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An interesting property of this curve is that the curve never crosses itself. Also, the curve exhibits ''self-similarity'' because as you look closer and closer at the curve, the curve continues to look like the larger curve.

The number of sides (<math>N_k</math>) of the Harter-Heighway curve for any degree of iteration (''k'') is given by <math>N_k = 2^k\,</math>, where the "sides" of the curve refer to alternating slanted lines of the fractal.

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===Number of Sides===

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For example, the third iteration of this curve should have a total number of sides <math>N_3 = 2^3 = 8\,</math>.

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{{hide|1=

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The number of sides of the Harter-Heighway curve for any degree of iteration (''k'') is given by <math>N_k = 2^k\,</math>, where the "sides" of the curve refer to alternating slanted lines of the fractal.

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===Fractal Dimension===

===Fractal Dimension===

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[[Image:DragonCurveDimension.png|right|thumb|225px|2nd iteration of the Harter-Heighway Dragon]]

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The [[Fractal Dimension]] of the Harter-Heighway Curve can also be calculated.

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The [[Fractal Dimension]] of the Harter-Heighway Curve can also be calculated using the equation: <math>\frac{logN}{loge}</math>.

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Let us use the second iteration of the curve as seen below to calculate the fractal dimension.

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[[Image:DragonCurveDimension1.png|center]]

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As seen from the image of the second iteration of the curve, there are two new curves that arise during the iteration and N = 2.

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There are two new curves that arise during the iteration so that <math>N = 2\,</math>.

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Also, the ratio of the lengths of each new curve to the old curve is: <math>\frac{2s\sqrt{2}}{2s} = \sqrt{2} </math>, so e = <math>\sqrt{2}</math>.

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Also, the ratio of the lengths of each new curve to the old curve is: <math>\frac{4(s\sqrt{2})}{4(s)} = \sqrt{2} </math>, so that <math>e = \sqrt{2}</math>.

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Thus, the fractal dimension is <math>\frac{logN}{loge} = \frac{log2}{log\sqrt{2}} = 2 </math>, and it is a <balloon title="A space-filling curve in 2-dimensions is a curve with a fractal dimension of exactly 2. This means that the curve touches every point in the unit square."> space-filling curve</balloon>.

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Thus, the fractal dimension is <math>\frac{logN}{loge} = \frac{log2}{log\sqrt{2}} = 2 </math>, and it is a space-filling curve.

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==Changing the Angle==

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The Harter-Heighway curve iterates with a 90 degree angle; however, if the angle is changed, new curves can be created. The following fractals are the result of 13 iterations.

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<gallery caption="" widths="305px" heights="205px" perrow="3">

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===Angle===

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The Harter-Heighway curve iterates with a 90 degree angle. However, if the angle is changed, new curves can be created:

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<gallery caption="" widths="300px" heights="200px" perrow="3">

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Image:CurveAngle85.jpg|'''Curve with angle 85'''

Image:CurveAngle85.jpg|'''Curve with angle 85'''

Image:CurveAngle100.jpg|'''Curve with angle 100'''

Image:CurveAngle100.jpg|'''Curve with angle 100'''

Image:CurveAngle110.jpg|'''Curve with angle 110'''

Image:CurveAngle110.jpg|'''Curve with angle 110'''

</gallery>

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|other=Algebra

|other=Algebra

|AuthorName=SolKoll

|AuthorName=SolKoll

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|Field=Dynamic Systems

|Field=Dynamic Systems

|Field2=Fractals

|Field2=Fractals

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|FieldLinks=:To read about an alternate method of creating the Harter-Heighway Dragon http://sierra.nmsu.edu/morandi/coursematerials/JurassicParkFractal.html

Current revision

This image is an artistic rendering of the Harter-Heighway Curve (also called the Dragon Curve), which is a fractal. It is often referred to as the Jurassic Park Curve because it garnered popularity after being drawn and alluded to in the novel Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton (1990).

Basic Description

This fractal is described by a curve that undergoes a repetitive process (called an iterated process). To begin the process, the curve has a basic segment of a straight line.

Then at each iteration,

Each line is replaced with two line segments at an angle of 90 degrees (other angles can be used to make fractals that look slightly different).

Each line is rotated alternatively to the left or to the right of the line it is replacing.

Base Segment and First 5 iterations of the Harter-Heighway Curve

15th iteration

The Harter-Heighway Dragon is created by iteration of the curve process described above, and is thus a type of fractal known as iterated function systems. This process can be repeated infinitely, and the perimeter or length of the dragon is in fact infinite. However, if you look to the image at the right, a 15th iteration of the Harter-Heighway Dragon is already enough to create an impressive fractal.

An interesting property of this curve is that although the corners of the fractal seem to touch at various points, the curve never actually crosses over itself. Also, the curve exhibits self-similarity when iterated infinitely because as you look look closer and closer at the curve, the magnified parts of the curve continue to look like the larger curve.

To learn another method to create the Harter-Heighway Dragon, click here

A More Mathematical Explanation

Note: understanding of this explanation requires: *Algebra

[show more][hide]

Properties

The Harter-Heighway Dragon curve has several different properties we can derive.

Perimeter

1st iteration of the Harter-Heighway Dragon

The perimeter of the Harter-Heighway curve increases by a factor of for each iteration.
For example, if you look at the picture to the right, the straight red line shows the fractal as its base segment and the black crooked line shows the fractal at its first iteration.

If the first iteration is split up into two triangles, the ratio of the perimeter of the first iteration over the base segment is:

Number of Sides

The number of sides () of the Harter-Heighway curve for any degree of iteration (k) is given by , where the "sides" of the curve refer to alternating slanted lines of the fractal.

For example, the third iteration of this curve should have a total number of sides .

Fractal Dimension

The Fractal Dimension of the Harter-Heighway Curve can also be calculated using the equation: .

Let us use the second iteration of the curve as seen below to calculate the fractal dimension.

There are two new curves that arise during the iteration so that .

Also, the ratio of the lengths of each new curve to the old curve is: , so that .

Thus, the fractal dimension is , and it is a space-filling curve.

Changing the Angle

The Harter-Heighway curve iterates with a 90 degree angle; however, if the angle is changed, new curves can be created. The following fractals are the result of 13 iterations.

References

Future Directions for this Page

An animation of the fractal being drawn gradually through increasing iterations (a frame for each individual iteration)
Also, an animation that draws the curve at the 13 or so iteration, but slowly to show that the curve never crosses itself.

If you are able, please consider adding to or editing this page!

Have questions about the image or the explanations on this page?Leave a message on the discussion page by clicking the 'discussion' tab at the top of this image page.