We have investigated the hydrothermal growth of, and spectrally characterized, the lutetium based laser materials Nd:LuAG, Yb:LuAG, and Yb:Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3}. Absorption cross-section data are presented for Nd:LuAG at 83, 175, and 295 K. Absorption cross-section data was also obtained for Yb:LuAG at 83, 175, and 295 K; the 295 K data was used to generate emission cross-sections using the method of reciprocity. For Yb:Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3}, we present absorption cross-sections at 295 K as well as emission cross-sections derived using reciprocity. -- Highlights: • We present spectral properties for hydrothermally-grown laser crystals. • Absorption cross-section data are presented for Nd:LuAG and Yb:LuAG at 83, 175, and 295 K. • Emission cross-sections are presented for Yb:LuAG at 295 K derived by reciprocity. • We present absorption cross-sections at 295 K as well as emission cross-sections derived using reciprocity for the laser material Yb:Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3}.

The high quality Yb-doped fluoride crystals have broad prospects for optical refrigeration. We have laser cooled the Yb:LuLiF crystal to a temperature below the limit of current thermoelectric coolers ( 180 K). The 5% Yb:LuLiF crystal sample has a geometry of 2 mm×2 mm×5 mm and was supported by two fibers of 200 μm in diameter. They were placed in a 2×10-4 Pa vacuum chamber with an environment temperature of 294.5 K. The 1019 nm CW laser of power 38.7 W was adopted to irradiate the sample. The temperature of the sample was measured utilizing the DLT methods. After 20 minutes of laser irradiation, the 5% Yb:LuLiF crystal sample was cooled down to 182.4 K. By further optimizing experimental conditions and increasing the doped Yb concentration, the Yb:LuLiF crystal might be optically cooled below the cryogenic temperature of 123K in the near future.

Activation cross sections of the {sup nat}Yb(p,xn){sup 169}Lu reaction have been measured for the first time up to 70 MeV to investigate the production possibility of the radionuclide {sup 169}Yb through decay of its parent {sup 169}Lu. The cross sections were measured using the stacked foil irradiation technique and gamma spectrometry. The experimental data were compared with the results of the ALICE-IPPE theoretical model code. Different production routes were compared for the internal radiotherapy related radioisotope {sup 169}Yb. Above 30 MeV proton energy the integral yield of the {sup nat}Yb(p,xn){sup 169}Lu reaction is higher than that of the earlier investigated {sup 169}Tm(p,n){sup 169}Yb, {sup 169}Tm(d,2n){sup 169}Yb, {sup nat}Er({alpha},xn){sup 169}Yb, {sup nat}Yb({alpha},x){sup 169}Lu and {sup nat}Hf(p,x){sup 169}Lu reactions at the equivalent particle energies.

We report the first short-pulse amplification results to several hundred millijoule energies in ceramic Yb:LuAG. We have demonstrated ns-pulse output from a diode-pumped Yb:LuAG amplifier at a maximum energy of 580 mJ and a peak optical-to-optical efficiency of 28% at 550 mJ. In cavity dumped operation of a nanosecond oscillator we obtained 1 mJ at up to 100 Hz repetition rate. A gain bandwidth of 5.4 nm was achieved at room temperature by measuring the small-signal single-pass gain. Furthermore, we compared our results with Yb:YAG within the same amplifier system.

We demonstrate the first passively mode-locked thin disk laser based on Yb:Lu(2)O(3). The laser generates 370-fs pulses with 20.5 W of average power in a diffraction-limited beam (M(2) pump power of 56 W, resulting in an optical-to-optical efficiency of 43%, which is higher than for any previously mode-locked thin disk laser.

Tb3+ and Yb3+ codoped Lu2O3 nanophosphors were synthesized by the reverse-strike co-precipitation method.The obtained Lu2O3:Tb3+,Yb3+ nanophosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra.The XRD results showed that all the prepared nanophosphors could be readily indexed to pure cubic phase of Lu2O3 and indicated good crystallinity.The Tb3+→Yb3+ energy transfer mechanisms in the UV-blue region in Lu2O3 nanophosphors were investigated.The experimental results showed that the strong visible emission around 543 nm from Tb3+ (5D4→7F5) and near-infrared (NIR) emission around 973 nm from Yb3+ (2F5/2→2F7/2) of LuzO3:Tb3+,Yb3+ nanophosphors were observed under ultraviolet light excitation,respectively.Tb3+ could be effectively excited up to its 4f75d1 state and relaxed down to the 5D4 level,from which the energy was transferred cooperatively to two neighboring Yb3+.The Yb3+concentration dependent luminescent properties and lifetimes of both the visible and NIR emissions were also studied.The lifetime of the visible emission decreased with the increase of Yb3+ concentration,verifying the efficient energy transfer from the Tb3+to the Yb3+.Cooperative energy transfer (CET) from Tb3+ to Yb3+ was discussed as a possible mechanism for the near-infrared emission.When doped concentrations were 1 mol.％ Tb3+ and 2 mol.％ Yb3+,the intensity of NIR emission was the strongest.

In this work, we perform spectroscopic studies to characterize the energy transfer processes occurring in rare-earth doped lithium fluoride systems, aiming the optimization of the population inversion of these media. Yb{sup 3+} ion was used in order to probe the electron-phonon coupling in LiYF{sub 4}, LiGdF{sub 4} and LiLuF{sub 4} matrices. In these systems it was obtained the average phononenergy, the vibronic transition probability and Huang-Rhys coupling constant. These parameters are dependent on the crystal host and the LiLuF{sub 4} system presents excluded correlation effects, an electronic repulsion that weakens the vibronic coupling. The Tm:Ho:LiYF{sub 4} system was studied under diode laser pumping at 796 nm, aiming the 2 {mu}m emission optimization. The ideal conditions of concentration and laser power were determined favouring the latter emission. Upconversion processes of two photons were identified besides the energy transfer among ions. The dynamic processes of luminescence of donors and acceptors allowed one to classify the energy transfer process as an energy transfer process assisted by fast diffusion among donors. The spectroscopic study of the Yb:Tm:LiYF{sub 4} allowed the determination of efficient non resonant transfer mechanisms between ({sup 2}F{sub 5/2}) Ytterbium level and ({sup 3}H{sub 5}) Thulium level, assisted by two phonon with hopping migration among donors ( Foerster-Burshtein model). The repopulation process of the Yb donor level is due to a cooperative sensitization between Yb-Tm pairs followed by an energy transfer process. (author)

A high-gain, diode-side-pumped Yb:LuAG slab laser was designed and investigated for use at room temperature. Pumping occurred from a fast-axis collimated 2D laser diode stack emitting at a wavelength of 970 nm, with 0.8 J over a duration of 0.8 ms. The pump scheme, which enabled efficient mode matching and high gain, was analysed and experimentally verified for different dopant levels. An energy of 100 mJ with 23% slope efficiency in a near fundamental mode was achieved in the free-running regime. A peak power of 2.5 MW and a pulse energy of 10.1 mJ were demonstrated in passive Q-switching by means of a Cr:YAG saturable absorber with 39% initial transmission. The study defined the indications for optimizing such a system.

A new series mixed vanadate crystals, Yb:Gd(x)Lu(1-x)VO(4) (x=0.2, 0.35, 0.53, 0.68 and 0.84), were grown by the Czochralski method. The thermal conductivities of these crystals were measured from room temperature to 280?C, and the thermal conductivities of Yb:Gd(0.68)Lu(0.32)VO(4) at room temperature are 6.4 and 6.9 W m(-1)K(-1) along a- and c-axis, respectively. The material constants of Yb:Gd(x)Lu(1-x)VO(4) series crystals were estimated. The properties of Yb:Gd(x)Lu(1-x)VO(4) series crystals were compared with those of Yb:LuVO(4) and Yb:GdVO(4) crystals. Laser output power of 1.25 W at 1031 nm was obtained with a slope efficiency of 26% by use of diode pumping for Yb:Gd(0.68)Lu(0.32)VO(4) crystal.

We report a 0 degrees 176Yb(p,n)176Lu measurement at IUCF where we used 120 and 160 MeV protons and the energy dependence method to determine Gamow-Teller (GT) matrix elements relative to the model independent Fermi matrix element. The data show that there is an isolated concentration of GT strength in the low-lying 1(+) states making the proposed Low Energy Neutrino Spectroscopy detector (based on neutrino captures on 176Yb) sensitive to pp and 7Be neutrinos and a promising detector to resolve the solar neutrino problem.

Plant NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NF-Y) transcription factors play important roles in plant development and abiotic stress. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two NF-YB (AtNF-YB2 and AtNF-YB3) and five NF-YC (AtNF-YC1, AtNF-YC2, AtNF-YC3, AtNF-YC4, and AtNF-YC9) genes regulate photoperiodic flowering by interacting with other AtNF-Y subunit proteins. Three rice NF-YB (OsNF-YB8, OsNF-YB10, and OsNF-YB11) and five rice OsNF-YC (OsNF-YC1, OsNF-YC2, OsNF-YC4, OsNF-YC6, and OsNF-YC7) genes are clustered with two AtNF-YB and five AtNF-YC genes, respectively. To investigate the functional conservation of these NF-YB and NF-YC genes in rice and Arabidopsis, we analyzed the flowering phenotypes of transgenic plants overexpressing the respective OsNF-YB and OsNF-YC genes in Arabidopsis mutants. Overexpression of OsNF-YB8/10/11 and OsNF-YC2 complemented the late flowering phenotype of Arabidopsis nf-yb2 nf-yb3 and nf-yc3 nf-yc4 nf-yc9 mutants, respectively. The rescued phenotype of 35S::OsNF-YC2 nf-yc3 nf-yc4 nf-yc9 plants was attributed to the upregulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1). In vitro and in planta protein–protein analyses revealed that OsNF-YB8/10/11 and OsNF-YC1/2/4/6/7 interact with AtNF-YC3/4/9 and AtNF-YB2/3, respectively. Our data indicate that some OsNF-YB and OsNF-YC genes are functional equivalents of AtNF-YB2/3 and AtNF-YC3/4/9 genes, respectively, and suggest functional conservation of Arabidopsis and rice NF-Y genes in the control of flowering time.

We report on efficient laser operation of high quality crystalline Yb(3+):Lu(2)O(3) in thin disk configuration. Using doping concentrations between 1 at.% to 3 at.% and disk thicknesses between 0.08mm and 0.45mm the optimum crystal parameters have been determined. Pumped at 976 nm the laser operates at 1034 nm and 1080 nm. With a 0.25mm thick 3 at.% Yb:Lu(2)O(3) disk 32.6W of output power at 45.3W incident pump power with a slope efficiency of 80% and a resulting optical-to-optical efficiency of 72% have been realized. These are the highest values in terms of slope efficiency as well as optical-to-optical efficiency for an Yb-doped thin disk laser reported so far. Using an 1mm birefringent filter continuous tuning from 987 nm to 1127 nm with more than 10Wof output power over a tuning range of 90 nm has been achieved.

A diode-pumped Kerr-lens self-mode-locked laser is achieved by using Yb:Lu2Si05 (Yb:LSO) crystal without additional components.Under the incident pump power of 14.44 W,a self-mode-locked output power of 2.98 W is obtained in the five-mirror cavity,corresponding to an optical-optical efficiency of 20.6％.Pulses as short as 8.2ps are realized at 1059 nm,with the corresponding pulse energy and peak power of 28.9 nJ and 3.5 k W,respectively.A pair of SF10 prisms are inserted into the laser cavity to compensate for the group velocity dispersion. The pulse width is compressed to 2.2 ps with an average output power of 1.25 W.

We report on a diode-pumped passively mode-locked Yb:Lu$_{1.5}$Y$_{1.5}$Al$_5$O$_{12}$ (Yb:LuYAG) laser for the first time to our knowledge. With the mixed crystal of Yb:LuYAG as gain medium, the mode-locked laser generated 2.2 W of average output power with a repetition rate of 83.9 MHz and pulse duration of 2.2 ps at the wavelength of 1030 nm. In order to obtain higher output power, the output from the mode-locked oscillator was further amplified to 8.5 W by two-stage single-pass amplifiers. The high-power picosecond laser is very useful for applications such as pumping of mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators, material micro-processing, and UV light generation, etc.

Photoconductivity of LiY x Lu1- x F4:Ce,Yb ( x = 0-1) crystals is measured under one- and two-step excitation. It is established that the photoconductivity is due to intra-center transitions from excited states of Ce3+ ions. The position of the ground 4 f-state of Ce3+ ion relative to the bottom of the conduction band is determined. The choice of pumping conditions to obtain the lasing on the 5 d-4 f transitions of trivalent cerium in these active media is substantiated.

Upconversion nanocrystals have a lot of advantages over other fluorescent materials. However, their applications are still limited due to their comparatively low upconversion luminescence (UCL). In the present study, a novel nanocomposite of Ag/graphene@SiO2-NaLuF4:Yb,Gd,Er for enhancing UCL was fabricated successfully, and its morphology, crystalline phase, composition, and fluorescent property were investigated. It is interesting to find that the Ag/graphene@SiO2-NaLuF4:Yb,Gd,Er and Ag@SiO2-NaLuF4:Yb,Gd,Er nanocomposites showed high UCL enhancements of 52- and 10-fold compared to the control of Ag-free nanocomposite SiO2-NaLuF4:Yb,Gd,Er, respectively. The enhancement of 52-fold is greater than those reported in our previous studies and some papers. Moreover, the measured life times of the Ag-presented nanocrystals were longer than that of Ag-absent counterparts. These enhancements of UCL can be ascribed to the effect of metal-enhanced fluorescence, which is caused by the enhancement of the local electric field. The UCL intensity of Ag/graphene@SiO2-NaLuF4:Yb,Gd,Er was 5.2-fold higher than that of Ag@SiO2-NaLuF4:Yb,Gd,Er, indicating that graphene presented in the fabricated nanocomposite structure favors metal-enhanced UCL. The small-sized Ag nanoparticles anchored on the graphene sheet mutually enhanced each other's polarizability and surface plasmon resonance, resulting in a big metal-enhanced UCL. This study provides a new strategy for effectively enhancing the UCL of upconversion nanocrystals. The enhancement potentially increases the overall upconversion nanocrystal detectability for highly sensitive biological, medical, and optical detections.

The perovskite RMnO3 ( R=Ho , Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) were prepared under high pressure and studied with heat capacity and synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction measurements. The temperature interval between the antiferromagnetic transition and the first-order transition to the presumably E -type structure narrows with the decreasing ionic radius of R , and almost closes for R=Lu . Combined with the data for the larger rare earth R , the results show intricate relationship between the complex magnetic phase diagram and significant increase of Jahn-Teller distortion found for the smallest members of RMnO3 .

Full Text Available We report on the growth of multiferroic Yb2CoMnO6 and Lu2CoMnO6 single crystals which were synthesized by the flux method with Bi2O3. Yb2CoMnO6 and Lu2CoMnO6 crystallize in a double-perovskite structure with a monoclinic P21/n space group. Bulk magnetization measurements of both specimens revealed strong magnetic anisotropy and metamagnetic transitions. We observed a dielectric anomaly perpendicular to the c axis. The strongly coupled magnetic and dielectric states resulted in the variation of both the dielectric constant and the magnetization by applying magnetic fields, offering an efficient approach to accomplish intrinsically coupled functionality in multiferroics.

The electronic structure and bonding nature of a series of intermetallic gold-lanthanide [Au2Ln] molecules, where Ln = Eu, Yb, Lu is predicted via the DFT and CASSCF/CASPT2 calculations. The 2c-2e bond model shows a good description of the intermetallic bonding which have a large covalent component with important contribution from bonding interaction between the 6s-Au and the 6s-Ln shell of orbitals.

It is demonstrated that plate-shaped crystals of Yb:LuPO4, which are grown from spontaneous nucleation by high-temperature solution method, can be utilized to make microchip lasers operating in continuous-wave (CW) or passively Q-switched mode. Efficient operation of such a microchip laser, which is built with a 0.3 mm thick crystal plate in a 2 mm long plane-parallel cavity, is realized at room temperature. With 2.37 W of pump power absorbed, 1.45 W of CW output power is generated with a slope efficiency of 73%. When passively Q-switched with a Cr4+:YAG crystal plate as saturable absorber, the laser produces a maximum pulsed output power of 0.53 W at 1013.3 nm, at a pulse repetition rate of 23.8 kHz, the resulting pulse energy, duration, and peak power are 22.3 μJ, 4.0 ns, and 5.6 kW, respectively.

The floating-zone method and high-pressure synthesis have been used to obtain the hexagonal and the perovskite RMnO3 (R=Y,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu) compounds. We have refined the crystal structure and characterized the compounds with measurements of magnetic susceptibility χ(T) and thermal conductivity κ(T) . The systematic change of κ(T) below TN found in all members of the hexagonal RMnO3 family shows that some spin-independent bond-length fluctuation plays an important role in the suppression of κ(T) below TN as well as in the paramagnetic phase. The responsible soft vibrational mode is identified. In contrast, the perovskite RMnO3 shows a phonon-like κ(T) below room temperature, but with an anomalously large critical scattering at TN . A phase diagram of transition temperatures versus the R3+ -ion radius for both hexagonal and perovskite phases is also given.

Full Text Available b-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae offers a high yield for the synthesis of oligosaccharides derived from lactulose (OsLu by transgalactosylation. Oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization (DP ≥ 3 have shown to possess higher in vitro bifidogenic effect than di- and tetrasaccharides. Thus, in this work, an optimization of reaction conditions affecting the specific selectivity of A. oryzae b-galactosidase for synthesis of OsLu has been carried out to enhance OsLu with DP ≥ 3 production. Assays with b-galactosidase immobilized onto a glutaraldehyde-agarose support were also carried out with the aim of making the process cost-effective and industrially viable. Optimal conditions with both soluble and immobilized enzyme for the synthesis of OsLu with DP ≥ 3 were 50 °C, pH 6.5, 450 g/L of lactulose and 8 U/mL of enzyme, reaching yields of ca. 50% (w/v of total OsLu and ca. 20% (w/v of OsLu-3, being 6′-galactosyl-lactulose the major one, after a short reaction time. Selective formation of disaccharides, however, was favored at 60 °C, pH 4.5, 450 g/L of lactulose and 8 U/mL of enzyme. Immobilization increased the enzymatic stability to temperature changes and allowed to reuse the enzyme. We can conclude that the use, under determined optimal conditions, of the A. oryzae b-galactosidase immobilized on a support of glutaraldehyde-agarose constitutes an efficient and cost-effective alternative to the use of soluble b-galactosidases for the synthesis of prebiotic OsLu mixtures.

Full Text Available The novel core@shell nanocrystals β-NaLuF4@NaLuF4 co-doped with rare-earth ions Er3+, Yb3+, Ce3+ have been synthesized. The nano-particles indicate the intensive lines of anti-Stokes luminescence in the telecommunication С - band of spectrum when pumped at 970-980 nm. The nanoparticles have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and spectrofluorimetry. The nanoparticles have a size 40-80 nm and possess the intensive photo-luminescence 73 nm bandwidth centered around 1530 nm. The photo-luminescence kinetics of β-NaLuF4: Er3+/ Yb3+/ Ce3+ has been studied in IR range of spectrum. We have demonstrated that doping with cerium ions prevents serial stepwise excitation of erbium ions. Consequently, the lifetime of transition in erbium 4I13/2→4I15/2 has risen up to 6.9 ms. Intensity of 1530 nm line in Er3+ ions excited at 980 nm has been increased up to 6 times. Therefore, the nanoparticles are applicable to fabrication of compact waveguide amplifiers for C - band.

Electron paramagnetic resonance?(EPR) is used to identify the different substitution sites of Yb{sup 3+} ions in the LuVO{sub 4} host. Three different types of sites are observed. One site, referred to as Yb{sub I}, with tetragonal D{sub 2d} symmetry characterized by g-values of vertical bar g{sub perp} vertical bar=0.59(7) and vertical bar g{sub parallel} vertical bar=6.464(9), corresponds to 80% (50%) of the total number of Yb{sup 3+} ions for the 1% (5%) doped compound. Two other tetragonal sites, referred to as Yb{sub IIa,IIb}, with the same D{sub 2d} symmetry and characterized by g-values of vertical bar g{sub perp} vertical bar=0.89(3) , vertical bar g{sub parallel} vertical bar=2.75(1) and vertical bar g{sub perp} vertical bar=0.89(3), vertical bar g{sub parallel} vertical bar=2.84(1), represent 20% (50%) of the total number of ytterbium ions for the 1% (5%) compound. One minor site, referred to as Yb{sub III}, corresponding to less than 1% of the Yb{sup 3+} ions, with a lower C{sub 2v} or D{sub 2} symmetry, is also seen in the EPR spectra. The temperature dependence of the EPR linewidth is studied and shows for all the sites a dominant Orbach process for the spin-lattice relaxation time T{sub 1} for T>12K.

The treatment of RECl3·xH2O (RE = Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu; x = 3-4) with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate RE(Et2dtc)3(phen). IR spectra of the complexes showed that RE3+ coordinated to two sulfur atoms in NaEt2dtc and two ritrogen atoms in o-phen. The constant-volume energies of combustion of the complexes have been determined by a precise rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. The standard enthalpies of combustion and standard enthalpies of formation were calculated.

Upconversion luminescence (UCL) properties and radioactivity have been integrated into NaLuF(4):(153)Sm,Yb,Tm nanoparticles by a facile one-step hydrothermal method, making these nanoparticles potential candidates for UCL and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) dual-modal bioimaging in vivo. The introduction of small amount of radioactive (153)Sm(3+) can hardly vary the upconversion luminescence properties of the nanoparticles. The as-designed nanoparticles showed very low cytotoxicity, no obvious tissue damage in 7 days, and excellent in vitro and in vivo performances in dual-modal bioimaging. By means of a combination of UCL and SPECT imaging in vivo, the distribution of the nanoparticles in living animals has been studied, and the results indicated that these particles were mainly accumulated in the liver and spleen. Therefore, the concept of (153)Sm(3+)/Yb(3+)/Tm(3+) co-doped NaLuF(4) nanoparticles for UCL and SPECT dual-modality imaging in vivo of whole-body animals may serve as a platform for next-generation probes for ultra-sensitive molecular imaging from the cellular scale to whole-body evaluation. It also introduces an easy methodology to quantify in vivo biodistribution of nanomaterials which still needs further understanding as a community.

Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetization measurements of phase pure polycrystalline RVO{sub 3} (R=Lu, Yb and Tm) are reported. The compounds were stabilized in the orthorhombic structure by thermal treatment of the respective precursors (RVO{sub 4}) in a reducing atmosphere. Special pressure treatment was carried out during the synthesis to ensure phase pure samples without secondary phases. Magnetization measurements reveal the presence of two spin ordering temperatures in the samples. Interestingly, at the lower spin ordering temperature, T{sub SO2}, the uncompensated excess moment of the antiferromagnetic spin structure has different field dependences above and below T{sub SO2}, causing a jump in the thermal evolution of the magnetization that changes sign with increasing field strength. This jump is associated with the reported magnetic and orbital rearrangement in the samples, and the different spin configurations in the C- and G-type antiferromagnetic structures. - Highlights: • Magnetization measurements of polycrystalline RVO{sub 3} (R=Lu, Yb, Tm) are reported. • The samples have two spin ordering temperatures, T{sub SO1} and T{sub SO2} (T{sub SO1}>T{sub SO2}). • A magnetic field dependent jump of the excess magnetization, ΔM is observed at T{sub SO2.} • The jump in ΔM is associated with magnetic and orbital rearrangement in the samples. • ΔM is probably affected by possible phase coexistence in the samples.

Highlights: • The upconversion emission of Ho{sup 3+} ions was tuned from green to red. • The upconversion mechanism of Ho{sup 3+} ions was discussed based on emission spectrum. • The conversion efficiency between Ho{sup 3+} and Ce{sup 3+} were studied and calculated. - Abstract: The red upconversion emission of lanthanide-doped fluoride nanocrystals have great potential applications in color display and anticounterfeiting applications, especially for biological imaging and biomedical. In this work, a significant enhancement of red upconversion emission of Ho{sup 3+} ions was successfully obtained in the cubic phase NaLuF{sub 4} nanocrystals through codoping Ce{sup 3+} ions under NIR 980 nm excitation. The ratio of red-to-green emission of Ho{sup 3+} ions was enhanced about 10-fold, which is due to two efficient cross relaxation processes derived from Ho{sup 3+} and Ce{sup 3+} ions promoted the red emission and quenched the green emission. The upconversion emission and luminescent colors of NaLuF{sub 4}: Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} nanocrystals were carefully investigated by a confocal microscopy setup. The possible upconversion emission mechanism and conversion efficiency of cross relaxation between Ho{sup 3+} and Ce{sup 3+} ions were discussed in detail. The current study suggests that strong red emission of NaLuF{sub 4}: Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+}/Ce{sup 3+} nanomaterials can be used for color display and anticounterfeiting techniques.

Full Text Available The ability to synthesize high-quality hierarchical core/shell nanocrystals from an efficient host lattice is important to realize efficacious photon upconversion for applications ranging from bioimaging to solar cells. Here, we describe a strategy to fabricate multicolor core @ shell α-NaLuF4:Yb3+/Ln3+@CaF2 (Ln = Er, Ho, Tm upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs based on the newly established host lattice of sodium lutetium fluoride (NaLuF4. We exploited the liquid-solid-solution method to synthesize the NaLuF4 core of pure cubic phase and the thermal decomposition approach to expitaxially grow the calcium fluoride (CaF2 shell onto the core UCNCs, yielding cubic core/shell nanocrystals with a size of 15.6 ± 1.2 nm (the core ~9 ± 0.9 nm, the shell ~3.3 ± 0.3 nm. We showed that those core/shell UCNCs could emit activator-defined multicolor emissions up to about 772 times more efficient than the core nanocrystals due to effective suppression of surface-related quenching effects. Our results provide a new paradigm on heterogeneous core/shell structure for enhanced multicolor upconversion photoluminescence from colloidal nanocrystals.

Diode-pumped acousto-optic Q-switched pulse laser at 1.5-1.6μm is obtained in an Er3+:Yb3+:LuAl3 (BO3)4 crystal. Single-pulse laser operation with slope efficiency of 14% and threshold of approximately 100 mW is realized at an average absorbed pump power of 314 mW and repetition frequency of 20 kHz. Output pulse energy is 67 μJ. The effects of pulse repetition frequency, absorbed pump power, and duty cycle on the wavelength and pulse profile of the Q-switched Er3+:Yb3+:LuAl3(BO3)4 laser are also investigated.%Diode-pumped acousto-optic Q-switched pulse laser at 1.5-1.6 μm is obtained in an Er3+∶Yb3+∶LuAl3 (BO3)4 crystal.Single-pulse laser operation with slope efficiency of 14％ and threshold of approximately 100 mW is realized at an average absorbed pump power of 314 mW and repetition frequency of 20 kHz.Output pulse energy is 67 μJ.The effects of pulse repetition frequency,absorbed pump power,and duty cycle on the wavelength and pulse profile of the Q-switched Er3+∶yb3+∶LuAl3(BO3)4 laser are also investigated.

The structure and thermoelectric properties of a series of barium lanthanide cobaltites, BaRCo{sub 4}O{sub 7} (R = Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu), which were prepared using the spark plasma synthesis technique, have been investigated. The space group of these compounds was re-determined and confirmed to be P31c instead of the reported P6{sub 3}mc. The lattice parameters a and c range from 6.26279(2) Angst to 6.31181(6) Angst , and from 10.22468(6) Angst to 10.24446(15) Angst for R = Lu to Dy, respectively. The crystal structure of BaRCo{sub 4}O{sub 7} is built up from Kagome sheets of CoO{sub 4} tetrahedra, linked by triangular layers of CoO{sub 4} tetrahedra. The values of figure of merit (ZT) of the BaRCo{sub 4}O{sub 7} samples were determined to be around 0.02 at 800 K. X-ray diffraction patterns of these samples have been determined and submitted to the Powder Diffraction File.

The infrared and Raman vibrational spectra of the series of solid tris(dipivaloylmethanato) lanthanides, Ln(thd)3 (Ln = La, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu), have been recorded at room temperature over wide ranges (4000-50 cm-1 and 3500-80 cm-1, respectively). The experimental spectra obtained in the present study were successfully assigned based on the quantum chemical calculations (DFT/PBE0) performed for the monomer Ln(thd)3 molecules. The experimental vibrational spectra for all complexes studied are rather similar as are the theoretical simulations. The data analysis shows that the main contributions to vibrational modes arise from the vibrations of the ligand possessing practically the same geometry for all complexes. According to the calculation results the structure of the coordination polyhedron is increasingly distorted in the series from La(thd)3 to Lu(thd)3. Although the contributions of the polyhedron vibrations in vibrational modes are not predominant, there is rise in the frequencies associated with vibrations of the coordination polyhedron LnO6 in this series. This increase has been explained by the concept of lanthanide contraction.

The low-lying quadrupole collective states in neutron-rich even-even Yb, Hf, W, Os, and Pt isotopes are studied in a systematic way. Spectroscopic calculations are performed in terms of the Interacting Boson Model Hamiltonian, which is determined from the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) approach with Gogny Energy Density Functionals (EDFs). The multi-fermion dynamics of the surface deformation is simulated by the bosonic degrees of freedom so that the potential energy surface (PES) with quadrupole degrees of freedom, obtained from the constrained HFB calculations, is mapped onto the corresponding PES of the IBM system. The interaction strengths of the proton-neutron IBM (IBM-2) Hamiltonian are determined through this procedure, which enables one to access the spectroscopic properties. We demonstrate the occurrence of a prolate-to-oblate shape/phase transition as a function of neutron number in the considered isotope chains in both HFB (with D1S and D1M EDFs) and the corresponding mapped IBM PESs. The shape tran...

β-YbAlB4 has become one of the most studied heavy fermion systems since its discovery due to its remarkable physical properties. This system is the first reported Yb-based heavy-fermion superconductor (HFS) for which the low-T superconducting state emerges from a non-fermi-liquid (NFL) normal state associated with quantum criticality Nakatsuji et al 2008 Nature 4 603. Additionally, it presents a striking and unprecedented electron spin resonance (ESR) signal which behaves as a conduction electron spin resonance (CESR) at high temperatures and acquires features of the Yb3+ local moment ESR at low temperatures. The latter, also named Kondo quasiparticles spin resonance (KQSR), has been defined as a 4f-ce strongly coupled ESR mode that behaves as a local probe of the Kondo quasiparticles in a quantum critical regime, Holanda et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 026402. Interestingly, β-YbAlB4 possesses a previously known structural variant, namely the α-YbAlB4, phase which is a paramagnetic Fermi liquid (FL) at low temperatures Macaluso et al 2007 Chem. Mater. 19 1918. However, it has been recently suggested that the α-YbAlB4 phase may be tuned to NFL behavior and/or magnetic ordering as the compound is doped with Fe. Here we report ESR studies on the α-Yb1-xFexAlB4 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.50) series as well as on the reference compound α-LuAlB4. For all measured samples, the observed ESR signal behaves as a CESR in the entire temperature range (10 K ≲ T ≲ 300 K) in clear contrast with what has been observed for β-YbAlB4. This striking result indicates that the proximity to a quantum critical point is crucial to the occurrence of a KQSR signal.

β-YbAlB4 has become one of the most studied heavy fermion systems since its discovery due to its remarkable physical properties. This system is the first reported Yb-based heavy-fermion superconductor (HFS) for which the low-T superconducting state emerges from a non-fermi-liquid (NFL) normal state associated with quantum criticality Nakatsuji et al 2008 Nature 4 603. Additionally, it presents a striking and unprecedented electron spin resonance (ESR) signal which behaves as a conduction electron spin resonance (CESR) at high temperatures and acquires features of the Yb(3+) local moment ESR at low temperatures. The latter, also named Kondo quasiparticles spin resonance (KQSR), has been defined as a 4f-ce strongly coupled ESR mode that behaves as a local probe of the Kondo quasiparticles in a quantum critical regime, Holanda et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 026402. Interestingly, β-YbAlB4 possesses a previously known structural variant, namely the α-YbAlB4, phase which is a paramagnetic Fermi liquid (FL) at low temperatures Macaluso et al 2007 Chem. Mater. 19 1918. However, it has been recently suggested that the α-YbAlB4 phase may be tuned to NFL behavior and/or magnetic ordering as the compound is doped with Fe. Here we report ESR studies on the α-Yb1-xFexAlB4 (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 0.50) series as well as on the reference compound α-LuAlB4. For all measured samples, the observed ESR signal behaves as a CESR in the entire temperature range (10 K ≲ T ≲ 300 K) in clear contrast with what has been observed for β-YbAlB4. This striking result indicates that the proximity to a quantum critical point is crucial to the occurrence of a KQSR signal.

We present a mode-locked Yb:Lu2O3 laser with up to 67% of optical-to-optical efficiency. By utilizing a high brightness optically pumped semiconductor laser (OPSL) as a pump source and using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) we obtained self-starting mode locking. A pulse duration of 571 fs at 4.73 W of average output power with an optical-to-optical efficiency of 67% was achieved. In a slightly different cavity configuration the pulse duration was reduced to 313 fs at 2.16 W of average output power. In both cases the pulse duration was longer than the Fourier limit and the spectrum supports significantly shorter pulse durations. The laser wavelength is centered at 1034 nm and the repetition rate is 100.76 MHz in both cases. In continuous wave fundamental mode operation the optical-to-optical efficiency was as high as 78% with output powers exceeding 5 W.

Phosphors of Re{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (Re = La, Gd, and Lu) tri-doped with Yb{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+} and Ho{sup 3+} ions have been synthesized by the solid state reactions. The crystal structures have been characterized by powder XRD measurement. The SEM images have shown the average particle sizes of the phosphors can be controlled within 1 micron. Upconversion luminescences were investigated under the excitation of 976 nm laser diode. The upconversion processes were explained based on the pump dependence of upconversion emission intensity. The light color was studied in the framework of 1931 CIE diagram. The three systems have shown nice tunabilities by changing the pump intensity and rare earth ions concentration. By properly adjusting the concentration of Tm{sup 3+} ions white upconversion luminescence can be realized in all the three tri-doped systems. Results indicated that these phosphors have potential applications in the upconversion based white lighting and optoelectronic devices. - Highlights: • Upconversions of Re{sub 2}TeO{sub 6} (Re = La, Gd, and Lu) tri-doped with Yb{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+}, and Ho{sup 3+} were investigated. • The light colors can be well tuned in the white region via adjusting the pump power and Tm{sup 3+} concentration. • The phosphors are potentials for white lighting and optoelectronic devices.

We report on the Lu-Hf and Re-Os isotope systematics of a well-characterized suite of spinel and garnet pyroxenites from the Gföhl Unit of the Bohemian Massif (Czech Republic, Austria). Lu-Hf mineral isochrons of three pyroxenites yield undistinguishable values in the range of 336-338 Ma. Similarly, the slope of Re-Os regression for most samples yields an age of 327 ± 31 Ma. These values overlap previously reported Sm-Nd ages on pyroxenites, eclogites and associated peridotites from the Gföhl Unit, suggesting contemporaneous evolution of all these HT-HP rocks. The whole-rock Hf isotopic compositions are highly variable with initial εHf values ranging from - 6.4 to + 66. Most samples show a negative correlation between bulk rock Sm/Hf and εHf and, when taking into account other characteristics (e.g., high 87Sr/86Sr), this may be explained by the presence of recycled oceanic sediments in the source of the pyroxenite parental melts. A pyroxenite from Horní Kounice has decoupled Hf-Nd systematics with highly radiogenic initial εHf of + 66 for a given εNd of + 7.8. This decoupling is consistent with the presence of a melt derived from a depleted mantle component with high Lu/Hf. Finally, one sample from Bečváry plots close to the MORB field in Hf-Nd isotope space consistent with its previously proposed origin as metamorphosed oceanic gabbro. Some of the websterites and thin-layered pyroxenites have variable, but high Os concentrations paralleled by low initial γOs. This reflects the interaction of the parental pyroxenitic melts with a depleted peridotite wall rock. In turn, the radiogenic Os isotope compositions observed in most pyroxenite samples is best explained by mixing between unradiogenic Os derived from peridotites and a low-Os sedimentary precursor with highly radiogenic 187Os/188Os. Steep increase of 187Os/188Os at nearly uniform 187Re/188Os found in a few pyroxenites may be connected with the absence of primary sulfides, but the presence of minor

The thermal behaviour of Ln(C3H7CO2)3 (Ln = Er, Tm, Yb or Lu) was studied in argon from room temperature by means of thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis up to 1400 °C, by infrared spectroscopy, hot-stage optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Melting prior to decomposition...... was observed in all four compounds, but its course depends on the rare-earth element. Decomposition to sesquioxides proceeds via the formation of dioxymonocarbonates (Ln2O2CO3) and release of 4-heptanone (C3H7COC3H7) as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) without evidence for an intermediate oxobutanoate stage...

The ab initio calculation has been performed for the crystal structure and the phonon spectrum of titanates with the structure of pyrochlore R 2Ti2O7 ( R = Gd-Lu). The frequencies and types of fundamental vibrations have been found. For R = Tb, Tm, and Yb, this calculation has been carried out for the first time; furthermore, there is no available information on experimental studies of the phonon spectrum for Tm and Yb. The influence of hydrostatic pressure to 35 GPa on the structure, dynamics, and elastic properties of the Gd2Ti2O7 lattice has been investigated. The dependence of the phonon frequencies on the pressure has been obtained. The calculations have predicted that the relative change in the pyrochlore structure volume during compression at pressures to 35 GPa is well described by the third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of states. The results of the calculations agree with the available experimental data. It has been shown that the structural, dynamic, and elastic properties of the R 2Ti2O7 crystal lattice can be adequately described in the case where the inner shells of the RE ion up to 4 f are replaced by the pseudopotential.

The magnitude of electric polarization via the conventional pyroelectric current and/or PE loop measurements often is ambiguous due to resistive components of the sample. To avoid this, a new technique called the double-wave method has been recently developed [1], in which only hysteretic PE components can be measured. Using this technique, we have measured the ferroelectric polarization of the orthorhombic RMnO3 (R=Ho, Tm, Yb, and Lu) synthesized under high pressure. Large remnant polarization Pr up to 920 μC/m^2 is observed at 10 K for LuMnO3. Furthermore, the Pr vs. temperature data from the PE loop has shown consistency with that measured through the pyroelectric current measurements, supporting a theoretical prediction of large polarization in the E-type spin structure in this system [2]. We also discuss the influence of thermal histories on the ferroelectric domain dynamics and possible internal bias field effects originating from oxygen vacancies in RMnO3. [1] M. Fukunaga, et al. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 77, 064706 (2008). [2] I. A. Sergienko, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett., 97, 227204 (2006)

Tm,Yb:(LuGd)2O3 nano-powder was prepared by a gel combustion method with citric acid as an incendiary agent and polyethylene glycol as a dispersing agent. The sample was obtained under the optimal preparation condition(i.e., Lu3+-doped mole fractions of 25% and pH value of 6). The average particle size of nanopowder prepared is approximately 55nm. The features of excitation and emission spectra of Tm,Yb:(LuGd)2O3 powder at room temperature were investigated. The results show that the most intense excitation and emission peaks are located at 361and 454nm, which are corresponding to the3H6→1D2 and1G4→3H6 level transitions of Tm3+, respectively. The upconversion fluorescence spectrum of sample indicates that the blue and red lights fluorescence peaks of the sample are located at 484 nm and 658nm, which are corresponding to the1G4→3H6and1G4→3F4 level transitions of Tm3+, respectively. The effect of mole fraction of Tm3+-doped on the upconversion luminescence intensity was investigated. The optimum amount of Tm3+-doped is 4%. In addition, the light transition mechanism was also discussed.%以柠檬酸为燃烧剂，PEG(10000)为分散剂，采用柠檬酸凝胶燃烧法制备Tm,Yb：(LuGd)2O3纳米粉体，得出最佳的实验条件为：Lu3+的掺杂量为25%(摩尔分数)，溶液pH值为6。制备的纳米粉体平均粒径约为55 nm。测试了样品的激发和发射光谱。结果显示：最强激发峰位于361 nm处，归属于Tm3+的3H6→1D2能级跃迁；最强发射峰出现在454 nm处，归属于Tm3+的1G4→3H6的能级跃迁。样品上转换光谱显示：样品在484和658 nm处分别产生蓝光和红光的发射峰，分别归属于Tm3+的1G4→3H6和1G4→3F4能级跃迁。研究了不同Tm3+掺杂量对上转换发光强度的影响，确定了Tm3+的掺杂量为4%，并讨论了发光跃迁机制。

The investigation of BiCuOCh (Ch = S, Se and Te) semiconductors family for thermoelectric or photovoltaic materials is an increasing topic of research. These materials can also be considered for photochemical water splitting if one representative having a bandgap, Eg, around 2 eV can be developed. With this aim, we simulated the solid solution Bi1-xRExCuOS (RE = Y, La, Gd and Lu) from pure BiCuOS (Eg~1.1 eV) to pure RECuOS compositions (Eg~2.9 eV) by DFT calculations based on the HSE06 range-separated hybrid functional with inclusion of spin-orbit coupling. Starting from the thermodynamic stability of the solid solution, a large variety of properties were computed for each system including bandgap, dielectric constants, effective masses and exciton binding energies. We discussed the variation of these properties based on the relative organization of Bi and RE atoms in their common sublattice to offer a physical understanding of the influence of the RE doping of BiCuOS. Some compositions were found to give appropriate properties for water splitting application. Furthermore, we found that at low RE fractions the transport properties of BiCuOS are improved that can find applications beyond water splitting.

Full Text Available A new polymorph of lutetium polyphosphate, Lu(PO33, was found to be isotypic with the trigonal form of Yb(PO33. Two of the three Lu atoms occupy special positions (Wyckoff positions 3a and 3b, site symmetry overline{3}. The atomic arrangement consists of infinite helical polyphosphate chains running along the c axis, with a repeat period of 12 PO4 tetrahedra, joined with LuO6 octahedra.

Infrared transmission and Raman scattering have been used to study Raman active phonons and crystal-field excitations in Yb3+-doped yttrium, lutetium and scandium orthosilicate crystals (Y2SiO5 (YSO), Lu2SiO5 (LSO) and Sc2SiO5 (SSO)), which belong to the same C2h6 crystallographic space group. Energy levels of the Yb3+ ion 2F5/2 manifold are presented. In the three hosts, Yb3+ ions experience high crystal field strength, particularly in Yb:SSO. Satellites in the infrared transmission spectra have been detected for the first time in the Yb3+-doped rare earth orthosilicates. They could be attributed to perturbed Yb3+ sites of the lattices or to magnetically coupled Yb3+ pairs.

The Yb-based heavy fermion superconductor β-YbAlB{sub 4} displays a quantum critical point without tuning by applied pressure, magnetic field, or doping, which has been attributed to an unusual renormalised band structure. Quantum oscillation measurements of the Fermi surface in β-YbAlB{sub 4} have so far proved inconclusive, motivating us to undertake a detailed study of the isostructural reference compound β-LuAlB{sub 4}, which in contrast to the Yb compound is characterised by a filled 4f shell. We present comprehensive results from rotation and mass studies in β-LuAlB{sub 4}, which broadly agree with band structure calculations and display moderate mass enhancements contrasting with the much larger enhancements seen in β-YbAlB{sub 4} - further emphasising the important contribution of f electrons to the itinerant electron physics of β-YbAlB{sub 4}.

Twenty new rare-earth metal rich intermetallic aluminium compounds, RE10TAl3 (RE = Y, Ho, Tm, Lu; T = Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, Ir, Pt), were synthesized by arc melting the elements. The compounds crystallize, in analogy to e.g. the respective Cd representatives, with a ternary ordered structure as anti-type to the hexagonal Co2Al5 type, with the space group P63/mmc. The three crystallographically independent rare-earth metal sites occupy the aluminium positions of the aristotype, while the transition metal and aluminium atoms are ordered on the two cobalt sites. Like other rare-earth rich compounds the RE10TX3 members also exhibit transition-metal-centred T@RE6 trigonal prisms as striking structural building units. The prepared compounds have been investigated by susceptibility measurements and (27)Al solid-state MAS-NMR measurements conducted on the Pauli-paramagnetic Y and Lu compounds. Some compounds show a certain amount of disorder as seen from the single crystal structure analysis and from signal broadening in the NMR investigations. By separating Knight shifts from second-order quadrupolar shifts via field dependent measurements, monotonic trends can be discerned regarding the effect of the T atom valence electron concentration and period number, as well as the effect of the closed 4f shell contributed in the Lu compounds. The results confirm that a comparison of Knight shifts within a series of isotypic compounds can reveal important electronic structure information in intermetallic systems.

Single-crystalline KY1-x-y-zGdxLuyYbz(WO4)2 layers are grown onto undoped KY(WO4)2 substrates by liquid-phase epitaxy. The purpose of co-doping the KY(WO4)2 layer with suitable fractions of Gd3+ and Lu3+ is to achieve lattice-matched layers that allow us to engineer a high refractive-index contrast

Sequential reaction of the multisite coordination ligand (LH3) with Cu(OAc)2·H2O, followed by the addition of a rare-earth(III) nitrate salt in the presence of triethylamine, afforded a series of heterometallic heptanuclear complexes containing a [Cu5Ln2] core {Ln = Y(1), Lu(2), Dy(3), Ho(4), Er(5), and Yb(6)}. Single-crystal X-ray crystallography reveals that all the complexes are dicationic species that crystallize with two nitrate anions to compensate the charge. The heptanuclear aggregates in 1-6 are centrosymmetrical complexes, with a hexagonal-like arrangement of six peripheral metal ions (two rare-earth and four copper) around a central Cu(II) situated on a crystallographic inversion center. An all-oxygen environment is found to be present around the rare-earth metal ions, which adopt a distorted square-antiprismatic geometry. Three different Cu(II) sites are present in the heptanuclear complexes: two possess a distorted octahedral coordination sphere while the remaining one displays a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. Detailed static and dynamic magnetic properties of all the complexes have been studied and revealed the single-molecule magnet behavior of the Dy(III) and Ho(III) derivatives.

Deuteron-induced nuclear reactions for generation of no-carrier-added Lu radionuclides were investigated using the stacked-foil activation technique on natural Yb targets at energies up to E{sub d}=18.18 MeV. Excitation functions of the reactions {sup nat}Yb(d,xn){sup 169,170,171,172,173,174g,174m,176m,177g}Lu and {sup nat}Yb(d,pxn){sup 169,175,177}Yb have been measured, among them three ({sup 169}Lu, {sup 174m}Lu and {sup 176m}Lu) are reported for the first time. The upper limit of the contamination from the long-lived metastable level {sup 177m}Lu was evaluated too. Thick-target yields for all investigated radionuclides are calculated.

Compact Yb:KLu(WO4)2 and Yb:LuVO4 lasers diode-pumped at 978 nm are passively Q-switched by a single-layer graphene saturable absorber. The Yb:KLu(WO4)2 laser generated 165 ns/0.49 μJ pulses at 1030 nm with 170 mW average output power and 12 % slope efficiency. With the Yb:LuVO4 laser, 152 ns/0.83 μJ pulses were achieved. The output power reached 300 mW at 1024 nm, and the slope efficiency was 10 %. Laser operation in a plano-plano cavity is achieved with both crystals with thermal lensing playing a key role in their performance. A model describing graphene Q-switched Yb lasers is developed. Our results indicate the potential of graphene for passive Q-switching of ~1 μm bulk lasers.

The systems Yb{sub 1-w}A{sub 1-w}(Rh{sub 1-x}Co{sub x})(Si{sub 1-y}Ge{sub y}){sub 2} with A=La respectively Lu, as well as YbIr{sub 2}Si{sub 2} are studied. The measurements are presented sortedly for systems, dopings, and external parameters. Beside these external parameters furthermore the orientation of the sample related to the quasistatic magnetic field and the microwave magnetic field was varied.

The effects of Tm substitution on the dynamical magnetic response of Yb1-xTmxB12 (x=0, 0.08, 0.15, and 0.75) and Lu0.92Tm0.08B12 compounds have been studied using time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering. Major changes were observed in the spectral structure and temperature evolution of the Yb contribution to the inelastic response for a rather low content of magnetic Tm ions. A sizable influence of the RB12 host (YbB12, as compared to LuB12 or pure TmB12) on the crystal-field splitting of the Tm3+ ion is also reported. The results point to a specific effect of impurities carrying a magnetic moment (Tm, as compared to Lu or Zr) in a Kondo insulator, which is thought to reflect the "undercompensation" of Yb magnetic moments, originally Kondo screened in pure YbB12. A parallel is made with the strong effect of Tm substitution on the temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient in Yb1-xTmxB12, which was reported previously.

{sup 177g}Lu (T{sub 1/2}=6.647d; E{sub β{sup −max}}=498.3KeV, I{sub β{sup −total}}=100%; E{sub γ} = 112.9498 keV, I{sub γ} = 6.17%; E{sub γ} = 208.3662 keV, I {sub γ} = 10.36%) is widely used in many clinical procedures due to its excellent decay characteristics. Production cross-sections of the {sup nat}Yb(d,x){sup 177g}Lu reactions have been measured from a 24-MeV deuteron energy down to the threshold by using a stacked-foil activation technique combined with high resolution γ-ray spectrometry. An overall good agreement is found with some of the earlier measurements, whereas a partial agreement is obtained with the theoretical data extracted from the TENDL-2013 library. Physical thick target yield for the {sup 177g}Lu radionuclide was deduced using the measured cross-sections. The deduced yield curves indicate that a low energy (<11 MeV) cyclotron and a highly enriched {sup 176}Yb target could be used to obtain {sup 177g}Lu with negligible impurity from {sup 177m}Lu.

On Feb 28th after a majestic descent of 90m taking 11 hours, the 2000t YB0 central wheel of CMS, containing the superconducting solenoid, gently touched down on the ﬂoor of the experimental cavern UXC55.

We have investigated the relation between ferroelectric and magnetic orders of orthorhombic (o-) LuMnO3 ceramics. The increase of dielectric constant ɛ exceeds 82% near incommensurate to commensurate E-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin ordering transition temperature TL, reflecting a large magneto (thermo) dielectric response. Meanwhile, distinct anomalies and thermal hysteresis behavior are observed near this temperature in both temperature dependence of ɛ and specific heat Cp, indicating a strong coupling between FE and magnetic orders in o-LuMnO3. Comparing to o-HoMnO3, TmMnO3, and YbMnO3 with similar E-type AFM ground state, o-LuMnO3 has the largest magneto (thermo) dielectric effect

The MueLu tutorial is written as a hands-on tutorial for MueLu, the next generation multigrid framework in Trilinos. It covers the whole spectrum from absolute beginners’ topics to expert level. Since the focus of this tutorial is on practical and technical aspects of multigrid methods in general and MueLu in particular, the reader is expected to have a basic understanding of multigrid methods and its general underlying concepts. Please refer to multigrid textbooks (e.g. [1]) for the theoretical background.

The total energy differences between divalent and trivalent configurations of Yb ions in a number of Yb compounds are studied. Two different band theoretical methods, which differ in the treatment of the localized f electrons, are used. The results show that in all Yb compounds the valence energy differences are equal to the energy needed to localize an f electron. These valence energy differences correlate with the number of f electrons hybridizing with the conduction bands in the trivalent configuration. For divalent YbS, the pressure induced f -electron delocalization implies an intermediate valency, as also indicated by experiment. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society }

Single crystals of (Lu{sub 1−x}Y b{sub x}){sub 3}Rh{sub 4}Ge{sub 13} were characterized by magnetization, specific heat, and electrical resistivity measurements. Doping Yb into the non-magnetic Lu{sub 3}Rh{sub 4}Ge{sub 13} compound tunes this cubic system’s properties from a superconductor with disordered metal normal state (x < 0.05) to a Kondo for 0.05 ≤ x ≤0.2 and intermediate valence at the highest Yb concentrations. The evidence for intermediate Yb valence comes from a broad maximum in the magnetic susceptibility and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, the resistivity displays a local maximum at finite temperatures at intermediate compositions x, followed by apparent metallic behavior closest to the Yb end compound in the series.

The high-spin states of 159Lu were populated by fusion-evaporation reaction 144Sm (19F, 4n) with beam energy 106 MeV. A new level scheme was established, which consists of the yrast band with negative parity, the octupole vibration band based on the states and quasipartical band with positive parity. The high spin states of 159Lu were discussed by systemic characteristics.

The motivation of this dissertation was to advance the study of Yb-based heavy fermion (HF) compounds especially ones related to quantum phase transitions. One of the topics of this work was the investigation of the interaction between the Kondo and crystalline electric field (CEF) energy scales in Yb-based HF systems by means of thermoelectric power (TEP) measurements. In these systems, the Kondo interaction and CEF excitations generally give rise to large anomalies such as maxima in ρ(T) and as minima in S(T). The TEP data were use to determine the evolution of Kondo and CEF energy scales upon varying transition metals for YbT2Zn20 (T = Fe, Ru, Os, Ir, Rh, and Co) compounds and applying magnetic fields for YbAgGe and YbPtBi. For YbT2Zn20 and YbPtBi, the Kondo and CEF energy scales could not be well separated in S(T), presumably because of small CEF level splittings. A similar effect was observed for the magnetic contribution to the resistivity. For YbAgGe, S(T) has been successfully applied to determine the Kondo and CEF energy scales due to the clear separation between the ground state and thermally excited CEF states. The Kondo temperature, TK, inferred from the local maximum in S(T), remains finite as magnetic field increases up to 140 kOe. In this dissertation we have examined the heavy quasi-particle behavior, found near the field tuned AFM quantum critical point (QCP), with YbAgGe and YbPtBi. Although the observed nFL behaviors in the vicinity of the QCP are different between YbAgGe and YbPtBi, the constructed H-T phase diagram including the two crossovers are similar. For both YbAgGe and YbPtBi, the details of the quantum criticality turn out to be complicated. We expect that YbPtBi will provide an additional example of field tuned quantum criticality, but clearly there are further experimental investigations left and more ideas needed to understand the basic physics of field-induced quantum

The beauty of the completed YB0 was brieﬂy visible at P5 as preparations continue for Tracker installation. A tremendous effort, lasting 7 months and involving more than 100 workers on the busiest days, resulted in 5700 electrical cables, 780 optical cables with 65k ﬁbre channels, and 550 pipes laid on YB0 for HB, EB and Tracker.

The Yb:YAG and Yb:YAP crystals have been grown by Czochralski method. The absorption spectra and the fluorescence spectra of Yb:YAG and Yb:YAP crystals have been investigated. It is shown that the Yb:YAG crystal has better laser properties and smaller threshold power than Yb:YAP crystal. In addition, the absorption cross-section of the Yb:YAP crystal is 2.16 times of that of the Yb:YAG crystal,so laser diode pumped Yb:YAG lasing can be easily realized. Because YAP single crystal is anisotropic, it is provided with polarization characteristics.

We report a review on our recent developments in Yttebium and Neodymium doped laser ceramics, along two main research lines. The first is the design and development of Yb:YAG ceramics with non uniform doping distribution, for the management of thermo-mechanical stresses and for the mitigation of ASE: layered structures have been produced by solid state reactive sintering, using different forming processes (spray drying and cold press of the homogenized powders, tape cast of the slurry); samples have been characterized and compared to FEM analysis. The second is the investigation of Lutetium based ceramics (such as mixed garnets LuYAG and Lu2O3); this interest is mainly motivated by the favorable thermal properties of these hosts under high doping. We recently obtained for the first time high efficiency laser emission from Yb doped LuYAG ceramics. The investigation on sesquioxides has been focused on Nddoped Lu2O3 ceramics, fabricated with the Spark Plasma Sintering method (SPS). We recently achieved the first laser emission above 1 W from Nd doped Lu2O3 ceramics fabricated by SPS.

We report the growth of YbFe2O4 single crystals via the floating zone technique, in four different oxygen partial pressures ranging from CO:CO2 = 1:5 to 1:2.5, for a cross comparison of stoichiometry effects. We obtained highly stoichiometric single crystals with sharp magnetic transitions as well as off-stoichiometric samples with smeared transitions. We also provide for the first time clear evidence of 3D long-range charge order correlations at room temperature in YbFe2O4 through high energy X-ray diffraction, identical to the analogous LuFe2O4. The correlation length obtained for YbFe2O4 in the c → direction is at least a factor of 5 larger than that observed in LuFe2O4.

Full Text Available Yb3+ and Ln3+ (Ln = Er, Ho codoped Lu2O3 square nanocubic sheets were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method followed by a subsequent dehydration process. The crystal phase, morphology, and composition of hydroxide precursors and target oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS. Results present the as-prepared Lu2O3 crystallized in cubic phase, and the monodispersed square nanosheets were maintained both in hydroxide and oxides. Moreover, under 980 nm laser diode (LD excitation, multicolor output from red to yellow was realized by codoped different lanthanide ions in Lu2O3. It is noteworthy that high pure strong red upconversion emission with red to green ratio of 443.3 of Er-containing nanocrystals was obtained, which is beneficial for in vivo optical bioimaging.

OsNF-YC2 and OsNF-YC4 proteins regulate the photoperiodic flowering response through the modulation of three flowering-time genes ( Ehd1, Hd3a , and RFT1 ) in rice. Plant NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NF-Y) transcription factors control numerous developmental processes by forming heterotrimeric complexes, but little is known about their roles in flowering in rice. In this study, it is shown that some subunits of OsNF-YB and OsNF-YC interact with each other, and among them, OsNF-YC2 and OsNF-YC4 proteins regulate the photoperiodic flowering response of rice. Protein interaction studies showed that the physical interactions occurred between the three OsNF-YC proteins (OsNF-YC2, OsNF-YC4 and OsNF-YC6) and three OsNF-YB proteins (OsNF-YB8, OsNF-YB10 and OsNF-YB11). Repression and overexpression of the OsNF-YC2 and OsNF-YC4 genes revealed that they act as inhibitors of flowering only under long-day (LD) conditions. Overexpression of OsNF-YC6, however, promoted flowering only under LD conditions, suggesting it could function as a flowering promoter. These phenotypes correlated with the changes in the expression of three rice flowering-time genes [Early heading date 1 (Ehd1), Heading date 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T1 (RFT1)]. The diurnal and tissue-specific expression patterns of the subsets of OsNF-YB and OsNF-YC genes were similar to those of CCT domain encoding genes such as OsCO3, Heading date 1 (Hd1) and Ghd7. We propose that OsNF-YC2 and OsNF-YC4 proteins regulate the photoperiodic flowering response by interacting directly with OsNF-YB8, OsNF-YB10 or OsNF-YB11 proteins in rice.

@@ Prof. LU Peizhang, an analytical chemist with the CAS Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, received the prestigious Golay Award at the 30th International Symposium on Capillary Chromatography opened on 5 June in Dalian, a port city in northeast China's Liaoning Province.

It has recently been reported that several high power, diode-pumped laser systems have been developed based on crystals of Yb:S-FAP [Yb{sup 3+}:Sr{sub 5}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}F]. The Mercury Laser, at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is the most prominent system using Yb:S-FAP and is currently producing 23J at 5 Hz in a 15 nsec pulse, based on partial activation of the system. In addition, a regenerative amplifier is being developed at Waseda University in Japan and has produced greater than 12 mJ with high beam quality at 50Hz repetition rate. Q-peak has demonstrated 16 mJ of maximum energy/output pulse in a multi-pass, diode side-pumped amplifier and ELSA in France is implementing Yb:S-FAP in a 985 nm pump for an EDFA, producing 250 mW. Growth of high optical quality crystals of Yb:S-FAP is a challenge due to multiple crystalline defects. However, at this time, a growth process has been developed to produce high quality 3.5 cm diameter Yb:S-FAP crystals and a process is under development for producing 6.5 cm diameter crystals.

Conversion coefficients, gamma-gamma and gamma-electron coincidences were measured in the s-process branching point nucleus {sup 176}Lu. Our goal was to determine the multipolarities of the γ-ray transitions that connect the high and low K states of {sup 176}Lu. This {sup 176}Lu nucleus has a long-lived ground state (K=7{sup -}) of 37.6 Gy, a short-lived isomeric state (K=0{sup -}) at 122.8 keV with half-life of 3.6 h, as well as a 58 μs isomer at 1588 keV (K=14{sup +}). The excitation structure of this nucleus contains bands of intermediate spins of both positive and negative parities. The intermediate states can under certain stellar temperatures completely change the equilibrium between the isomer and ground state of {sup 176}Lu and change the abundance of this nucleus. We populated 37 previously known levels in this nucleus via the {sup 176}Yb(p,n) reaction and measured 42 conversion coefficients for γ-ray transitions including 17 of them for the first time. (orig.)

We have studied the multipolarites of several transitions in the nucleus 176Lu. The synthesis of 176Lu in stellar environments is through the slow (s-) neutron capture process. The s-process is responsible for the creation of 50% of the heavy elements and 15-20 nuclei in the s-process are s-process branching points. Branching points determine if the synthesis path will beta-decay or neutron capture. The branching point 176 Lu is only produced via the s-process only and has both a long-lived ground state (K = 7--) of 37.6 Gy and a short-lived isomeric state (K = 0--) at 3.6 h. There is no direct decay to both the isomer and ground state due to selection rules. However, an intermediate state was found at 839 keV in the K = 4-- band and another intermediate state in the K = 4+ band at 709 keV which communicate to both the isomer and ground state. The communication to both the isomer and ground state through the intermediate states affects the final abundances of 176Lu in stellar environments which is sensitive to temperature. The experiment was performed at the University of Notre Dame Nuclear Science Laboratory (NSL) using a 176Yb(p,n) reaction at 7.75 MeV. Gamma-gamma and gamma-electron coincidences were measured for conversion coefficients using the Internal Conversion Electron Ball (ICEBall) array and two HPGe detectors (109% relative efficiency of a 3"x 3" NaI detector at 1332 keV). ICEBall was upgraded at the NSL for an improved efficiency from 6%-15% over 4. A total of 40 conversion cofficcients were measured and 35 multipolarities wer assigned. 17 new conversion coefficients were measured and the corresponding multipolarities were assigned. Levels and spin assignments in both the K = 4+ band and K = 4-- band were verified in the intermediate states that are important for establishing a thermal equilibrium in the s-process.

As a new star in politics of Thailand,Yingluck Shinawatra has never thought that a dispute about her Chinese name is occurring in a Chinese speaking country--China,when people come to focus on her familY background,new deal,and her tomorrow.Media reporters and editors are wavering between"Ying La"and"Ying Lu".

Ce-doped Lu2Si2O7 scintillator contains radioactive isotope 176Lu which causes an unwanted intrinsic background signal. The development of scintillators with reduced Lu concentration were required in some applications. In this study, we developed the Gd admixed lutetium pyrosilicate, where the average ion radius at the rare earth site was similar to the Tm3+ ion radius, for which the RE2Si2O7 (RE=Tm, Yb, Lu) crystal structure is stable from room temperature to melting point. We have grown (Cex Lu1-x-y Gdy)2Si2O7 (x=0.01, y=0.00, 0.05, 0.10) single crystals. Their crystal systems were monoclinic with a space group C2/m. The absorption spectra revealed the energy transitions in Ce and Gd ions might be occurred. The light output was degraded and decay time was accelerated comparing the Gd 5% admixed sample with the Gd 10% one.

We have investigated large single crystals of YbNi4P2 that were grown from a levitating melt by the Czochralski method. The new samples facilitate the determination of the absolute values of the electrical resistivity. Phase pure polycrystalline samples of the non-magnetic reference LuNi4P2 were prepared and the electrical resistivity was measured. Furthermore we have grown a single crystal of the As substituted compound YbNi4(P1-xAsx)2, x = 0.2 and investigated the homogenity of the As distribution.

Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} codoped LiLuF{sub 4} microparticles have been successfully prepared via a facile hydrothermal method. The crystal phase and morphology of LiLuF{sub 4} microparticles were inspected by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The upconversion emission of single LiLuF{sub 4}: Yb{sup 3+}/Ho{sup 3+} microparticle was carefully studied by a confocal microscopy setup under NIR 980 nm excitation. With the increase of Ce{sup 3+} ion concentrations of 12%, the ratio of red to green emission of the Ho{sup 3+} ions of single LiLuF{sub 4} microparticle was boosted about 17-fold, and the output colors were tuned from green to red, which is due to the two efficient cross-relaxation between Ho{sup 3+} and Ce{sup 3+} ions enhances the red and suppresses the green in the emission processes. To investigate the optical properties of the single microparticle or nanoparticle through the confocal microscopy setup can effectively avoid the influence of surrounding particle or environment, and could provide more precise information for better exploring the emission mechanisms of rare earth ions. The tunable upconversion emission of Ho{sup 3+} in single LiLuF{sub 4} microparticle in this work will have great potential applications in the micro optoelectronic devices and color display applications. - Highlights: • The optical properties of the single LiLuF4: Yb3+/Ho3+/Ce3+ microparticle were studied. • The output colors of single LiLuF4 microparticle were tuned from green to red. • The upconversion mechanisms between Ho3+ and Ce3+ ions were discussed based on emission spectrum.

The crystal structure of hexagonal LuMnO3 at room temperature is isomorphous with YMnO3 and deviates in important details from early work. Mn is near the centre of its oxygen coordination environment. On the threefold axes, the apical O-Lu bonds have alternating long and short bond lengths, leading

The coexistence of competing order parameters in the class of materials referred to as the multiferroics is of great interest. The hexagonal manganites AMnO3 (A = Y, Lu, Ho and Yb) with the P63cm space group exhibit a ferroelectric transition, at very high temperatures, typically ~ 1000 K, while the antiferromagnetic transition, TN, occurs at ~ 100K. Earlier studies on YMnO3 and LuMnO3 using neutron scattering on single crystals showed that diffuse scattering is present around the forbidden nuclear (100) Bragg peak which corresponds to Q=1.20 Å-1.Its intensity rises very sharply and drops just around TN. We performed inelastic neutron scattering measurement on a powder sample of LuMnO3 form 4 to 250 K using the DCS at NIST. Strong inelastic intensity, not due to magnon excitations, is observed at Q=1.32 and 2.50 Å-1. With cooling, the intensity gradually rises and reaches a peak around 100 K. Below, it drops drastically once the system orders. This kind of scattering is due to critical scattering arising from magnetic fluctuations above TN. The S(Q, ω) is asymmetric suggesting that the Mn spin correlations are mosmost likely 2-dimensional in nature.

In this paper, we present results on upconversion luminescence performed on Yb 3+-doped yttrium aluminum garnets under 940 nm excitation. The upconversion luminescence was ascribed to Yb 3+ cooperative luminescence and the presence of rare earth impurity ions. The cooperative luminescence spectra as a function of Yb concentration were measured and the emission intensity variation with Yb concentration was discussed. Yb 3+ energy migration quenched the cooperative luminescence of Yb:YAG crystals with doping level over 15 at%.

Full Text Available Rubidium ytterbium(III tetrakis(polyphosphate, RbYb(PO34, was synthesized by solid-state reaction. It adopts structure type IV of the MRE(PO34 (M = alkali metal and RE = rare earth metal family of compounds. The structure is composed of a three-dimensional framework made up from double spiral polyphosphate chains parallel to [10-1] and irregular [YbO8] polyhedra. There are eight PO4 tetrahedra in the repeat unit of the polyphosphate chains. The Rb+ cation is located in channels extending along [100] that are delimited by the three-dimensional framework. It is surrounded by 11 O atoms, defining an irregular polyhedron.

Studies of Lu–Hf isotope systematics in meteorites have produced apparent “ages” that are older than Pb–Pb ages and older than the estimated age of our solar system. One proposed explanation for this discrepancy is that irradiation by cosmic rays caused excitation of {sup 176}Lu to its short-lived isomer that then underwent rapid decay to {sup 176}Hf. This explanation can account for apparent excesses in {sup 176}Hf that correlate with Lu/Hf ratio. Mass balance requires that samples with measurable excess in {sup 176}Hf should also have measurable deficiencies in {sup 176}Lu on the order of 1‰–3‰. To unambiguously test the accelerated decay hypothesis, we have measured the {sup 176}Lu/{sup 175}Lu ratio in terrestrial materials and achondrites to search for evidence of depletion in {sup 176}Lu. To a precision of 0.1‰ terrestrial standards, cumulate and basaltic eucrites and angrites all have the same {sup 176}Lu/{sup 175}Lu ratio. Barring a subsequent mass-dependent fractionation event, these results suggest that the apparent excesses in {sup 176}Hf are not caused by accelerated decay of {sup 176}Lu, and so another hypothesis is required to explain apparently old Lu–Hf ages.

Measurements of core and valence electronic states of single crystals of the rare earth transition metal Zintl phases Yb{sub 14}MnSb{sub 11} and Yb{sub 14}ZnSb{sub 11} were performed using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy station of Beamline 7 at the Advanced Light Source. Sample surfaces of Yb{sub 14}MnSb{sub 11} and Yb{sub 14}ZnSb{sub 11} were measured as received, after Ar{sup +} ion bombardment, and after cleaving in situ. Detailed analysis of the clean Mn and Zn analog sample surfaces reveal a significant contribution of both Yb{sup 3+} and Yb{sup 2+} 4f states in the valence band region for the Zn analog and no contribution of Yb{sup 3+} states to the valence band for the Mn analog. This result is predicted for the Zn analog by Zintl counting rules, and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies presented here also support the mixed valency of Yb for Yb{sub 14}ZnSb{sub 11}. Further detailed analysis of the core and valence band structure of both Yb{sub 14}MnSb{sub 11} and Yb{sub 14}ZnSb{sub 11} will be presented.

A microscopic investigation of the cubic ternary alloys YbPdBi and YbNiSb, using {sup 170}Yb Mossbauer spectroscopy, reveals that the point symmetry at the site of the Yb{sup 3+} is far from cubic in both compounds. An analysis of the thermal variation of the quadrupolar 4f moment shows that the energy of the first crystal electric field transition is close to 20 K in YbPdBi and to 10 K in YbNiSb. Specific heat measurements are also presented in YbPdBi, and magnetic ordering is detected below 1 K in YbPdBi, with saturated Yb{sup 3+} moments of 1.25 {mu}{sub B}, and below 0.85 K in YbNiSb, with saturated moments of 1 {mu}{sub B}. A tentative explanation of the Yb site symmetry breaking is made in terms of a Jahn-Teller distortion within the {gamma}{sub 8} cubic quartet. (author)

The emission and absorption properties of numerous host crystals doped with Yb(3+) ions have been studied. The hosts which have been selected present a variety of crystal field environments for the ytterbium ion, including fluoride and oxide crystals with six-, seven-, eight-, nine- and twelvefold coordinated substitutional sites. The crystal compounds include LiYF4, LaF3, SrF2, BaF2, KCaF3, KY3F10, Rb2NaYF6, BaY2F8, Y2SiO5, Y3Al5O12, YAlO3, LuPO4, Ca5(PO4)3F, LiYO2, and ScBO3. Spectral determinations have been made of the resonant absorption and emission cross sections between 850 and 1100 nm, and the emission decay times of the upper laser level have been measured. The emission cross sections have been evaluated using the absorption cross section and principle of reciprocity. Ca5(PO4)3F:Yb is predicted to exhibit the most useful laser properties and is expected to be superior to Y3Al5O12:Yb in many key spectroscopic parameter values.

In this paper, we study the hybrid synchronization between two identical hyperchaotic Lu systems. Hybrid synchronization of hyperchaotic Lu system is achieved through synchronization of two pairs of states and anti-synchronization of the other two pairs of states. Active controls are designed to achieve hybrid synchronization between drive and response systems using the sum and difference of relevant variables of the chaotic systems. Numerical simulations are presented to evaluate the analysis and effectiveness of the controllers.

The electronic properties of the Yb compounds YBCu{sub 2}Si{sub 2}, YBAgCu{sub 4}, and YbAl{sub 3} along with purely divalent Yb metal, have been investigated by means of high-resolution ultraviolet and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We present the intrinsic characteristic features of the 4{ital f} levels of Yb while accounting for lattice vibrations and the manifestation of corelike energy levels degenerate with the valence states and modified by the temperature-dependent Fermi function. For these strongly correlated Yb-based compounds, the hole occupancy values ({ital n}{sub {ital f}}{approximately}0.6) directly obtained from integration of the divalent and trivalent portions of the 4{ital f} photoemission features indicate that these compounds are strongly mixed valent. The small intensity modulation with temperature in the divalent Yb 4{ital f} levels (0{endash}10{percent} over a {ital T}=20{minus}300 K range) is discussed within the conventional framework of the photoemission process and nominal allowances for lattice variations with temperature. Results from photoemission experiments on the divalent 4{ital f} levels of strongly correlated Yb compounds are remarkably similar to the 4{ital f} levels of purely divalent Yb metal. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}

We report on measurements of the light yield, emission spectrum, and time response of YAG:Yb crystals. The temperature dependence of light yield was investigated. Data show that YAG:Yb crystals are good scintillators, suitable for applications to neutrino detection and spectroscopy.

We use a pulsed nitrogen laser to produce atomic ions by laser ablation, measuring the relative ion yield for several elements, including some that have only recently been proposed for use in cold trapped ion experiments. For barium, we monitor the ion yield as a function of the number of applied ablation pulses for different substrates. We also investigate the ion production as a function of the pulse energy, and the efficiency of loading an ion trap as a function of radiofrequency voltage.

A facile method was developed to synthesize Eu doped LuO(OH) nanorods through hydrothermal processing and Lu2O3 nanorods by subsequent calcining.The microstructural morphologies of the Lu-based nanostructures could be controlled by simply varying the concentration of NaOH in hydrothermal processing as mineralizer.TEM observation revealed that the obtained LuO(OH) nanorods after hydrothermal processing had a uniform diameter of 10-25 nm and a length around 100 nm.After heat treatment at 600-700°C for 2 h,the high length/diameter ratio was sustained in the obtained Lu2O3 nanorods with different sizes depending on the calcining temperatures.

The low-lying electronic states of Yb and YbO are investigated by using time-dependent relativistic density functional theory,which is based on the newly developed exact two-component Hamiltonian resulting from symmetrized elimination of the small component.The nature of the excited states is analyzed by using the full molecular symmetry.The calculated results support the previous experimental assignment of the ground and excited states of YbO.

In the classic Erd}os R enyi random graph model [5] each edge is chosen with uniform probability and the degree distribution is binomial, limiting the number of graphs that can be modeled using the Erd}os R enyi framework [10]. The Chung-Lu model [1, 2, 3] is an extension of the Erd}os R enyi model that allows for more general degree distributions. The probability of each edge is no longer uniform and is a function of a user-supplied degree sequence, which by design is the expected degree sequence of the model. This property makes it an easy model to work with theoretically and since the Chung-Lu model is a special case of a random graph model with a given degree sequence, many of its properties are well known and have been studied extensively [2, 3, 13, 8, 9]. It is also an attractive null model for many real-world networks, particularly those with power-law degree distributions and it is sometimes used as a benchmark for comparison with other graph generators despite some of its limitations [12, 11]. We know for example, that the average clustering coe cient is too low relative to most real world networks. As well, measures of a nity are also too low relative to most real-world networks of interest. However, despite these limitations or perhaps because of them, the Chung-Lu model provides a basis for comparing new graph models.

Wide band-gap semiconductors have become an important base material for applications in optoelectronics and in high power, high temperature electronics. After doping with various rare earths, electroluminescence throughout the whole visible spectrum has been observed. We have studied the implantation behaviour of the rare earth Lu in ZnO. Our samples were implanted at the ISOLDE facility at CERN. In order to recover the sustained implantation damage the samples were treated in a rapid thermal annealing furnace. In a first attempt to measure the temperature dependence of the electric field gradient at the site of 172Lu/172Yb in ZnO a large jump in the quadrupole interaction frequency was observed between measurements at room temperature and 200 °C. Above 200 °C the frequency only changed very little. In order to understand this unusual behaviour we prepared another sample and studied the temperature range between room temperature and 200 °C in more detail. The results obtained previously could be confirmed....

Full Text Available The title compound, di-μ-chlorido-dichlorido-1κ2Cl-tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran-1κ2O,2κ2O-lithiumytterbium(III, [LiYbCl4(C4H8O4], was prepared by the reaction of YbCl3(THF3 with LiCl in THF (THF is tetrahydrofuran. The central motif of the structure is a Yb(μ-Cl2Li ring. The Yb atom is hexacoordinated to four Cl atoms and two THF molecules oriented in a trans fashion. The Li atom has a tetrahedral environment and is coordinated to two Cl atoms and two THF molecules. No intermolecular interactions other than van der Waals forces were observed. Two of the THF molecules are disordered over two positions.

Relative light yield (LY) dependence on temperature for Yb:YAG crystals containing from 10% to 100% of Yb dopant is studied for gamma and alpha excitations. The maximum LY is achieved at 120 KYb 25%)YAG. Linearity of the light output is checked. alpha/gamma ratio is found to be 0.42+-0.02. Pulse shapes induced by gamma and alpha particles and cosmic rays are investigated by analyzing a set of single events recorded. Gamma events are fast tau<4 ns), while other kinds of radiation give rise to more complicated and longer profiles, allowing particle discrimination. Dependence of scintillation properties on concentration of Yb and purity is discussed.

@@ Diarrhea refers to frequent discharge of loose, even watery stool. In clinic, we used the famous acupuncturist LU Shou-yan's combined acupuncture techniques of along-against, lifting-thrusting and quickslow reinforcing and reducing to treat diarrhea. Now it is reported as follows.

Single crystals of LuAP:Ce and LuYAP(Lu*70%):Ce co-doped with tetravalent (Hf and Zr) and pentavalent (Ta) ions were grown from melts by the Bridgman process. Underlying absorption, slope of the optical edge and transmission in the range of emission were compared to those of LuAP:Ce crystals. Absorption coefficients at 260 nm less than 2 cm−1 have been recorded in LuAP:Ce crystals containing tetravalent ions that are lower than the corresponding figures (5–6 cm−1) measured in undoped LuAP. At high concentrations of added impurities, despite of suppression of the parasitic underlying absorption below 300 nm, the slope of the optical edge and transmission in the range of emission are seriously damaged. Scintillation parameters of crystals with added impurities are compared to those of LuAP:Ce.

Crystal-field effects are very important as far as laser performances of Yb-doped materials are concerned. In order to simplify the interpretation of low-temperature spectra, two tools derived from a careful examination of crystal-field interaction are presented. Both approaches are successfully applied in the case of new Yb-doped materials, namely Ca{sub 3}Y{sub 2}(BO{sub 3}){sub 4} (CYB), Ca{sub 3}Gd{sub 2}(BO{sub 3}){sub 4} (CaGB), Sr{sub 3}Y(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} (SrYBO), Ba{sub 3}Lu(BO{sub 3}){sub 3} (BLuB), Y{sub 2}SiO{sub 5} (YSO), Ca{sub 2}Al{sub 2}SiO{sub 7} (CAS) and SrY{sub 4}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 3}O (SYS). The {sup 2}F{sub 7/2} splitting is particularly large in these materials and favourable to a quasi-three-level laser operating scheme. Calculations performed using the point charge electrostatic model for these compounds and using a consistent set of effective atomic charges confirm the experimental results. This should permit to use this model in a predictive approach. (author)

Yb{sup 3+} ions with various site symmetries have been observed in the absorption and emission spectra of Yb{sup 3+}:CaF{sub 2} crystals, both {gamma}-irradiated and annealed in hydrogen. The absorption intensity value is found to be much higher for the {gamma}-irradiated crystal and strongly dependent on the gamma dose. The UV absorption spectra of {gamma}-irradiated and H{sub 2}-annealed CaF{sub 2}:5 at.% Yb{sup 3+} crystals are quite similar. Yb{sup 2+} absorption bands are observed at 360, 315, 271, 260, 227 and 214 nm, which are called A, B, C, D, F and G bands, respectively. For {gamma}-irradiated CaF{sub 2}:30 at.% Yb{sup 3+}, an additional band at 234 nm can be seen. It is suggested that only a negligible amount of Yb{sup 3+} ions are converted into Yb{sup 2+} under the {gamma}-irradiation. The presence of Yb{sup 2+} is confirmed by the 565 and 540 nm luminescence under 357 nm excitation. It is also suggested that the excitation in the A, C, D and F absorption bands of Yb{sup 2+} gives rise to photo-ionization of Yb{sup 2+} ions and electrons in the conduction band to form the excited Yb{sup 3+} ions which emit IR Yb{sup 3+} luminescence. The UV absorption and emission spectra obtained for {gamma}-irradiated and H{sub 2}-annealed crystals have different structures. This suggests that different mechanisms are responsible for the creation of Yb{sup 2+} ions. {gamma}-irradiation favours Yb{sup 2+} isolated centres by reduction of Yb{sup 3+} ions located at Ca{sup 2+} lattice sites, whereas annealing in hydrogen favours Yb{sup 2+} centres neighbouring Yb{sup 3+} ions when a Yb{sup 3+} ion pair captures a Compton electron. Also, {gamma}-irradiation does not change the position of Yb{sup 3+} ions converted into Yb{sup 2+} in the CaF{sub 2} lattice. In the case of H{sub 2} annealing, a Yb{sup 3+} ion converted to Yb{sup 2+} is shifted to the Ca{sup 2+} position in the lattice.

We report on the production of ultracold heteronuclear YbLi* molecules in a dual-species magneto-optical trap by photoassociation (PA). The formation of the electronically excited molecules close to dissociation was observed by trap loss spectroscopy. We find 4 rovibrational states within a range of 250 GHz below the Yb (S10) +Li (1/2 2P) asymptote and observe isotopic PA line shifts in mixtures of 6Li with 174Yb, 172Yb, and 176Yb. We also describe our theoretical ab initio calculation for the relevant electronic potentials and utilize it to analyze and identify the lines in the experimentally observed spectrum.

We report on the production of ultracold heteronuclear YbLi* molecules in a dual-species magneto-optical trap by photoassociation (PA). The formation of the electronically excited molecules close to dissociation was observed by trap loss spectroscopy. We find 4 rovibrational states within a range of $250\\,$GHz below the Yb($^1S_0$) + Li($^2P_{1/2}$) asymptote and observe isotopic PA line shifts in mixtures of $^6$Li with $^{174}$Yb, $^{172}$Yb, and $^{176}$Yb. We also describe our theoretical ab-initio calculation for the relevant electronic potentials and utilize it to analyze and identify the lines in the experimentally observed spectrum.

Due to its physical and chemical characteristics, {sup 177}Lu is a very attractive radionuclide for use in nuclear medicine. This paper introduces a method for a precise calculation of the irradiation yield of {sup 177}Lu produced by neutron activation of {sup 176}Lu in a nuclear reactor. The calculation is based on the Westcott convention which requires the knowledge of the neutron flux parameters. In this work, the neutron flux parameters of the new research reactor FRM-II (Garching, Germany) were determined and the stability of thermal neutron flux and thermal neutron flux temperature was monitored. The comparison of theoretically calculated and experimentally determined yield for {sup 176}Lu(n,{gamma}){sup 177}Lu reaction is presented.

Uniform and well-defined Lu2O3 and Lu2O3:Eu3+ microarchitectures have been successfully synthesized via a green and facile ionic liquid-based hydrothermal method followed by a subsequent calcination process. Novel 3D micro-rodbundles and 1D microrods of Lu2O3 and Lu2O3:Eu3+ were controllably obtained through this method. X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the micromaterials. The proposed formation mechanisms have been investigated on the basis of a series of SEM studies of the products obtained at different hydrothermal durations. The results indicated that hydrothermal temperature and the ionic liquid-tetrabutylammonium hydroxide were two key factors for the formation as well as the morphology control of the Lu2O3 and Lu2O3:Eu3+ microarchitectures.

We evaluated the activity and safety profile of {sup 177}Lu-Dotatate peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (Lu-PRRT) in patients with advanced, well-differentiated (G1-G2) gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs). Forty-three patients with radiological tumor progression at baseline and a positive Octreoscan registered completed the treatment with Lu-PRRT, resulting in the cumulative activity of 18.5 or 27.8 GBq in five cycles. Total activity was scheduled on the basis of kidney function or bone marrow reserve. Twenty-five (58 %) patients were treated with a ''standard'' Lu-PRRT full dosage (FD) of 25.7 GBq (range 22.2-27.8), while the remaining 18 patients (42 %) who, at enrolment, showed a higher probability of developing kidney or bone marrow toxicity received a reduced dosage (RD) of 18.4 GBq (range 14.4-20.4). According to SWOG criteria, the overall response was complete response (CR) in (7 %) cases and stable disease (SD) in 33 (77 %), with a disease control rate (DCR) of 84 %. Median response duration was 25 months (range 7-50). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 36 months (95 % CI 24-nr), and median overall survival (OS) has not yet been reached. Remarkably, none of the patients, including those at a higher risk of toxicity, showed side-effects after either dosage of Lu-PRRT. Lu-PRRT was shown to be an effective therapeutic option in our patients with advanced progressive GI-NETs, showing an 84 % DCR (95 % CI 73-95) that lasted for 25 months and a PFS of 36 months. Both activities of 27.8 GBq and 18.5 GBq proved safe and effective in all patients, including those with a higher probability of developing kidney or bone marrow toxicity. (orig.)

Thermal expansion and magnetic susceptibility measurements as a function of temperature are reported for YbGaGe. Despite the fact that this material has been claimed to show zero thermal expansion over a wide temperature range, we observe thermal expansion typical of metals and Pauli paramagnetic behavior, which perhaps indicates strong sample dependence in this system.

When growing CaF2 crystal doped with rare-earth ions, most of these ions are present in a trivalent state. However, due to contact with graphite crucible, a small proportion of a number of ions (Eu, Sm, Yb and Tm) are reduced to a bivalent state. A similar situation takes place during fabrication of CaF2 ceramics doped with rare-earth metals. This fact is of particular importance for laser CaF2:Yb crystals (ceramics), a promising material for short-pulse, high-power, high-energy diode-pumped solid state lasers since the presence of bivalent Yb ions can be a source of thermal losses. To date, there has been no technique to determine Yb2+ concentration in as-grown crystals. The proposed technique is based on a total reduction of Yb3+ ions via the heating of as-grown CaF2 crystals with known concentration of Yb in the reducing atmosphere of metal vapour and determining the cross section of absorption bands of Yb2+ ions. The knowledge of these parameters allows estimation of the Yb2+ content in CaF2:Yb crystals or ceramics by analysing their absorption spectra. Examples of using this technique are given. The technology of CdF2 crystals reduction (an "additive colouring") and features of colouring of crystals doped with rare-earth ions are considered.

This document describes a collection of three related ANSI C subroutine libraries for solving sparse linear systems of equations AX = B: Here A is a square, nonsingular, n x n sparse matrix, and X and B are dense n x nrhs matrices, where nrhs is the number of right-hand sides and solution vectors. Matrix A need not be symmetric or definite; indeed, SuperLU is particularly appropriate for matrices with very unsymmetric structure. All three libraries use variations of Gaussian elimination optimized to take advantage both of sparsity and the computer architecture, in particular memory hierarchies (caches) and parallelism.

@@ CAS President Lu Yongxiang was elected co-chair of the InterAcademy Council (IAC) at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the IAC Board held from January 31 to February 2 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. President Lu is to succeed Prof. Goverdhan Mehta,former President of the Indian National Science Academy, to represent those from the developing world in the organization.

Full Text Available The DANCE (Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments array located at the Los Alamos national laboratory has been used to obtain the neutron capture cross sections for the 175Lu and 176Lu isotopes with neutron energies from thermal up to 100 keV. Both isotopes are of current interest for the nucleosynthesis s-process in astrophysics and for applications as in reactor physics or in nuclear medicine. Three targets were used to perform these measurements. One was natLu foil and the other two were isotope-enriched targets of 175Lu and 176Lu. The cross sections are obtained for now through a precise neutron flux determination and a normalization at the thermal neutron cross section value. A comparison with the recent experimental data and the evaluated data of ENDF/B-VII.0 will be presented. In addition, resonances parameters and spin assignments for some resonances will be featured.

The DANCE1 (Detector for Advanced Neutron Capture Experiments) array at LANSCE spallation neutron source in Los Alamos has been used to obtain the neutron radiative capture cross sections for 175Lu and 176Lu with neutron energies from thermal up to 100 keV. Both isotopes are of current interest for the nucleosynthesis s-process.2,3 Three targets were used to perform these measurements. One was natural Lu foil of 31 mg/cm2 and the other two were isotope-enriched targets of 175Lu and 176Lu. Firstly, the cross sections were obtained by normalizing yield to a well-known cross section at the thermal neutron energy. Now, we want to obtain absolute cross sections of radiative capture through a precise neutron flux determination, an accurate target mass measurement and an efficiency determination of the DANCE array.

The work is dedicated to investigation of the luminescent properties of UV-emitting single crystalline films (SCF) based on the Lu3Al5O12:La and Lu3Al5O12:Pr garnet and LuAlO3:Ce perovskite compounds grown by liquid phase epitaxy method from the PbO-B2O3 flux onto Y3Al5O12 and YAlO3 substrates, respectively, for testing as scintillation screens in high-resolution microimaging detectors used in applications with synchrotrons radiation. The first image with a spatial resolution of about 1.5 μm of X-ray excited resolution target was obtained using only the UV part of the light of the LuAG:La SCF scintillators. The possible ways for improvement of figure-of-merit of UV emitting SCF scintillators and increase of spatial resolution of the detector are discussed.

High-spin states in 157Yb have been populated in the 144Sm(160, 3n)157yb fusion- evaporation reaction at a beam energy of 85 MeV, and two rotational bands have been established for the first time. Within the framework of the triaxial particle-rotor model, the energy spectra and single-particle configurations of 157Yb are investigated. The calculated energy spectra agree well with the experimental data. The newly observed vf7/2 band, and the previously known vi13/2 band in 157Yb, are also discussed by means of Total-Routhian-Surface methods. The structural characters observed in 157Yb provide evidence for the shape coexistence of three distinct shapes: prolate, triaxial and oblate. At higher spins, both the vf7/2 band and the vi13/2 band in 157Yb undergo a shape evolution with sizable alignments occurring.

At cryogenic temperatures, Yb:YAG behaves as a 4-level laser. Its absorption and emission cross-sections increase, and its thermal conductivity improves. Yb:YAG thin disk laser performance at room and cryogenic (80°K) temperatures will be presented. The Yb:YAG gain media is cooled using either a pressurized R134A refrigerant system or by a two-phase liquid nitrogen spray boiler. Interchangeable mounting caps allow the same Yb:YAG media to be switched between the two systems. This allows direct comparison of lasing, amplified spontaneous emission, and temperature performance between 20°C and -200°C.

We demonstrate a cryogenically cooled Yb:LiYF(4) (Yb:YLF) laser with 224W linearly polarized output power (pump-power limited) and a slope efficiency of 68%. The beam quality is characterized by an M(2) approximately 1.1 at 60W output and M(2) approximately 2.6 at 180W output. This level of average laser power is approximately 2 orders of magnitude higher than demonstrated previously in cryogenic Yb:YLF. Yb:YLF is attractive for femtosecond pulse generation because of its wide gain bandwidth, and this demonstration shows the potential for high-average-power subpicosecond pulse lasers.

We report ultrasonic measurements on the high quality single crystal of the Yb-based heavy fermion compound YbRh{sub 2}Zn{sub 20} over a temperature range from 200 K to 0.5 K. A shallow, but clear minimum was observed in the temperature dependent elastic constants C{sub 11}, (C{sub 11} - C{sub 12})/2 and C{sub 44} around 15 K, probably attributed to the ground state and low-lying excited states of Yb{sup 3} in the cubic CEF. We discuss the low-temperature elastic properties and possible energy level scheme of localized 4f state of Yb{sup 3} ions in YbRh{sub 2}Zn{sub 20}. CEF ground state developed at the low temperatures and physical parameters relating to a quadrupolar moment in YbRh{sub 2}Zn{sub 20}

High precision measurements of the Seebeck coefficient S(T) were carried out on the single crystals of RB12 (R = Ho, Er, Tm, Lu) at temperatures 2-300 K. It was shown that the effects of phonon drag result from vibrations of rare earth ions (ℏ ωE≈10-33 meV) in the rigid framework structure of the B12 clusters and determine the main contribution to thermopower at intermediate temperatures (30-300 K). The correlated behavior of transport parameters favors the appreciable enhancement of spin fluctuations in the sequence of magnetic compounds (HoB12-TmB12) when approaching to the valence instability state in YbB12. The giant increase in S(T) detected in the vicinity of the Néel temperature TN for HoB12, ErB12, and TmB12 seems to result from the density of states renormalization caused by antiferromagnetic ordering.

The Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1, YBX1) is a member of the family of DNA- and RNA-binding proteins with an evolutionarily ancient and conserved cold shock domain. It falls into a group of intrinsically disordered proteins that do not follow the classical rule 'one protein-one function' but introduce a novel principle stating that a disordered structure suggests many functions. YB-1 participates in a wide variety of DNA/RNA-dependent events, including DNA reparation, pre-mRNA transcription and splicing, mRNA packaging, and regulation of mRNA stability and translation. At the cell level, the multiple activities of YB-1 are manifested as its involvement in cell proliferation and differentiation, stress response, and malignant cell transformation. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:95-110. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1200 CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

The upconversion lumiuescence of several YbEr co-doped Zr-Ba-La-AI-Na (ZBLAN) glass samples (Er(0.5) Yb(3): ZBLAN, Er(0.5)Yb(1):ZBLAN and Er(0.5):ZBLAN) has been studied. A new kind of upconversion cooperative radiation fluorescence, which comes from coupled cluster states of two Yb3+ ions has been observed. This is significant in that it may lead to a new path to achieve blue upconversion luminescence, which has promising upconversion applications.

A collocation method is developed for the (truncated) POD of a set of snapshots. In other words, POD computations are performed using only a set of collocation points, whose number is comparable to the number of retained modes, in a similar fashion as in collocation spectral methods. Intending to rely on simple ideas which, moreover, are consistent with the essence of POD, collocation points are computed via the LU decomposition with pivoting of the snapshot matrix. The new method is illustrated in simple applications in which POD is used as a data-processing method. The performance of the method is tested in the computationally efficient construction of reduced order models based on POD plus Galerkin projection for the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation in one and two space dimensions.

On the basis of the experimental data of phase equilibria and thermochemical properties available from literatures, a critical assessment for the Ni−Yb binary system was carried out using the CALPHAD (calculation of phase diagrams) method. The liquid phase is modeled as the associate model with the constituent species Ni, Yb and YbNi3, owing to the sharp change of the enthalpy of mixing of liquid phase at the composition of around 25% Yb (mole fraction). The terminal solid solutions FCC_A1 (Ni/Yb) and BCC_A2 (Yb) are described by the substitutional solution model with the Redlich−Kister polynomial. The intermetallic compounds, Yb2Ni17, YbNi5, YbNi3, YbNi2, α-YbNi and β-YbNi, are treated as strict stoichiometric compounds, since there are no noticeable homogeneity ranges reported for these compounds. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters for the Ni−Yb binary system are obtained. According to the presently assessed results, the thermochemical properties and the phase boundary data can be well reproduced.%基于文献报道的相平衡和热化学实验数据，利用相图计算(Calphad)方法对 Ni−Yb 二元系进行热力学评估。考虑到液相混合焓在25% Yb(摩尔分数)附近有急剧变化，液相采用缔合物模型，组份为 Ni、YbNi3和 Yb；端际固溶体相包括 FCC_A1(Ni)、FCC_A1(Yb)和 BCC_A2(Yb)，均采用亚规则溶体模型，并按照 Redlich−Kister 多项式进行描述；中间化合物 Yb2Ni17、YbNi5、YbNi3、YbNi2、α-YbNi 和β-YbNi 都没有明显的固溶度实验数据，均按严格计量比处理。优化得到的 Ni−Yb 二元系热力学参数自洽合理，能够很好地再现该体系的热化学性质和相图数据。

Rare earth oxides could represent a valuable alternative to SiO2 in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices. Lu2O3 is proposed because of its predicted thermodynamical stability on silicon and large conduction band offset. We report on the growth by atomic-layer deposition of lutetium oxide films using the dimeric {[C5H4(SiMe3)]2LuCl}2 complex, which has been synthesized for this purpose, and H2O. The films were found to be stoichiometric, with Lu2O3 composition, and amorphous. Annealing in nitrogen at 950°C leads to crystallization in the cubic bixbyite structure. The dielectric constant of the as-grown Lu2O3 layers is 12±1.

In this paper, a -invariant Lorentz metric on the Dirac-Lu space is given, and then the geodesic equation is investigated. Finally, we discuss the field equations and find their solutions by the method of separating variables.

@@ Together with 1998 Nobel Prize winner in physics Daniel Chee Tsui from Princeton University, CAS President LU Yongxiang was conferred Doctor of Science honoris causa by the University of Hong Kong (HKU) at the congregation held on 24 April.

Full Text Available An Yb:YAG planar-waveguide power amplifier seeded by an Yb:KYW master oscillator is reported. The system produced 700-fs pulses at 1032 nm at average output powers of 50 W and a frequency of 53 MHz.

Spectroscopic and scintillation properties of BaY2F8 :Ce3+, BaLu2F8 and BaLu2F8 :Ce3+ are presented. For pure BaLu2F8, a luminescence with a decay time of similar to 1 ns is observed under gamma-ray excitation. This luminescence with a light yield of about 200 ph/MeV is attributed to core-valence lu

We perform laser spectroscopy of Yb+ ions on the 4f14 6s 2S_{1/2} - 4f13 5d 6s 3D[3/2]_{1/2} transition at 297 nm. The frequency measurements for 170Yb+, 172Yb+, 174Yb+, and 176Yb+ reveal the specific mass shift as well as the field shifts. In addition, we demonstrate laser cooling of Yb+ ions using this transition and show that light at 297 nm can be used as the second step in the photoionization of neutral Yb atoms.

High spin states in ^168Lu were populated using the ^123Sb(^48Ca,3n) reaction at 203 MeV. The beam was provided by the 88" cyclotron at LBNL, and coincident gamma rays were detected with the Gammasphere spectrometer array. An analysis of the data which had been sorted into three- and four- dimensional histograms confirmed the four previously known (J.H.Ha et al. J. Phys. Soc. Japan 71 (2002) 1663-1671) pairs of signature partner bands and extended them to considerably higher spins (in one case up to a tentative 50 hbar). In addition, a new pair of signature partners, as well as a new doubly decoupled band were found. On the basis of the present data, the configuration of one of the known bands, previously assigned π d_3/2 øtimes ν i_13/2 was reassigned as π d_5/2 øtimes ν i_13/2. High frequency band crossings, beyond the first ν i_13/2 alignment, were observed for the first time. These results will be discussed with reference to Cranking Shell Model calculations.

The electron density distributions of paraelectric and ferroelectric LuMnO3 are analyzed using high temperature synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction data with the Rietveld method, the maximum entropy method (MEM), and MEM-based pattern fitting. Bonding electrons due to orbital hybridization are clearly seen in the Lu1-O3 and Lu2-O4 bonds along the c-axis polarization direction. The Lu1-O3 bond was determined to be covalent due to hybridization below the ferroelectric transition temperature, and was identified as the driving force for ferroelectricity in LuMnO3. However, the Lu2-O4 bond shows covalent character in both paraelectric and ferroelectric states. Also, we suggest that the Lu2-O4 covalent bonding is responsible for large spontaneous polarization in LuMnO3, associated with the small radius of the Lu3+ ion.

The Lutheran (Lu) and Lu(v13) blood group glycoproteins function as receptors for extracellular matrix laminins. Lu and Lu(v13) are linked to the erythrocyte cytoskeleton through a direct interaction with spectrin. However, neither the molecular basis of the interaction nor its functional consequences have previously been delineated. In the present study, we defined the binding motifs of Lu and Lu(v13) on spectrin and identified a functional role for this interaction. We found that the cytoplasmic domains of both Lu and Lu(v13) bound to repeat 4 of the spectrin chain. The interaction of full-length spectrin dimer to Lu and Lu(v13) was inhibited by repeat 4 of {alpha}-spectrin. Further, resealing of this repeat peptide into erythrocytes led to weakened Lu-cytoskeleton interaction as demonstrated by increased detergent extractability of Lu. Importantly, disruption of the Lu-spectrin linkage was accompanied by enhanced cell adhesion to laminin. We conclude that the interaction of the Lu cytoplasmic tail with the cytoskeleton regulates its adhesive receptor function.

The metastable ^{2}F_{7/2} and ^{2}D_{3/2} states of Yb^{+} are of interest for applications in metrology and quantum information and also act as dark states in laser cooling. These metastable states are commonly repumped to the ground state via the 638.6 nm ^{2}F_{7/2} -- ^{1}D[5/2]_{5/2} and 935.2 nm ^{2}D_{3/2} -- ^{3}D[3/2]_{1/2} transitions. We have performed optogalvanic spectroscopy of these transitions in Yb^{+} ions generated in a discharge. We measure the pressure broadening coefficient for the 638.6 nm transition to be 70 \\pm 10 MHz mbar^{-1}. We place an upper bound of 375 MHz/nucleon on the 638.6 nm isotope splitting and show that our observations are consistent with theory for the hyperfine splitting. Our measurements of the 935.2 nm transition extend those made by Sugiyama et al, showing well-resolved isotope and hyperfine splitting. We obtain high signal to noise, sufficient for laser stabilisation applications.

In recent years, an important effort in semiconductor materials research has been devoted to III-nitrides semiconductors doped with rare earth ions due to the high potential of these materials in light-emitting device applications. Ytterbium (Yb 3+) is one of a few lanthanide ions which have not been investigated as an optically active center in these materials yet. In this paper we report the observation of luminescence from GaN films grown on sapphire (0 0 0 1) substrate by metal organic chemical vapor deposition and doped by implantation with Yb 3+ ions. The high resolution photo- and cathodoluminescence spectra of GaN:Yb 3+ were studied at different excitation conditions in temperatures ranging from 8 to 330 K and revealed weak thermal quenching. The luminescence emission lines are assigned to transitions between the spin-orbit levels 2F 5/2 → 2F 7/2 of Yb 3+ (4f 13). The analysis of the Yb luminescence spectra allowed us to suggest the energy level diagram of the crystal-field-split 4f 13 levels for the Yb ion center. The most probable lattice location of Yb in GaN is the substitutional Ga site. Furthermore, the luminescence kinetics of internal transitions of Yb 3+ incorporated in GaN was investigated by means of decay and time-resolved luminescence measurements. It was found that the ytterbium decay is non-exponential with dominant exponential term of ˜100 μs with little dependence on the ambient temperature. The results indicate that Yb-doped GaN epilayer may be suitable as a material for near infrared optoelectronic devices.

Highlights: •We discovered the superconductivity in Lu{sub 2}SnC. •The superconducting transition temperature is confirmed at around 5.2 K. •The M–H curve at 1.8 K shows that Lu{sub 2}SnC is categorized to be a conventional type-II superconductor. -- Abstract: We discovered the superconductivity in Lu{sub 2}SnC with the T{sub c} of 5.2 K. Lu{sub 2}SnC crystallizes in a hexagonal structure (Cr{sub 2}AlC-type) with the space group of P6{sub 3}/mmc. We measured the physical properties of Lu{sub 2}SnC in the superconducting state as functions of temperature and magnetic field. The M–H curve shows the typical type-II superconducting behavior. Superconducting parameters H{sub c1}(0), H{sub c2}(0), λ(0), ξ(0) and κ{sub GL} are determined to be about 110 Oe, 4.5 kOe, 250 nm, 27 nm, and 9.2, respectively.

To achieve ion trap based large-scale quantum computing devices, motional states of qubit ions must be regulated against heating from ion transportation or noise on the chip surface while leaving internal states of the ions intact. Sympathetic cooling is a natural solution for this problem, but trapping two different species of ions generally requires two sets of optical devices including separate lasers for each ion type, increasing the complexity and the cost of the setup. We tested Doppler-cooled 174 Yb+ ions to sympathetically cool 171 Yb+ qubit ions. Since these two isotopes have energy levels close to each other, the optical setup can be vastly simplified. We also verified that the tail of non-ideally focused cooling beam and the scattered light from the surface create excited state population in the 171 Yb+ qubit ions, as expected. This leads to occasional spontaneous emission events, which currently limits the coherence time of our qubit to a few seconds. We will also discuss our plans for optimizing the experiment, which may increase the coherence time by one or two orders of magnitude. This work was partially supported by ICT R&D program of MSIP/IITP. [10043464, Development of quantum repeater technology for the application to communication systems].

We developed laser isotope separation technology of stable isotope of low melting point metals. Yb-168 can be effectively used in non-destructive testing (NDT) after it is transformed to Yb-168 by neutron irradiation in a nuclear reactor. For this application of Yb-168, the isotope purity of it should be enhanced to more than 15% from the natural abundance of 0.135%. Our isotope separation system consist of laser system, Yb vapor generating system, and photoionized particle extraction system. For the system, we developed a diode-pumped slid-state laser of high-repetition rate and 3-color dye lasers. Yb vapor was generated by heating solid Yb sample resistively. The photo-ion produced by resonance ionization were extracted by a devised extractor. We produced enriched Yb metal more than 20 mg with the abundance of 25.8% of Yb-168 in the Yb (NO{sub 3}){sub 3}.

This work deals with the investigation of the optical properties of epitaxial YAG:Yb films and their suitability as gain media for thin disk lasers. Epitaxial films of YAG:Yb were grown by the liquid phase epitaxy method in air on the (111)-oriented YAG substrates. The thickness of the grown layers was from 30 to 260 m. The melt composition was varied to obtain the desired doping level from 10 to 15% and to optimize the optical properties. The best epitaxial films were colourless and had an Yb3+ luminescence lifetime of more than 950 s, which is very close to the intrinsic lifetime of the Yb ions in the bulk YAG single crystals. These films were tested in a thin disk laser setup with 24 absorption passes of the 940 nm pumping beam. The maximum output power at 1.03 m wavelength in CW operation reached more than 60 W and the optical efficiency was close to 30%.

Currently Lu(2)O(3):Eu(3+) scintillators can only be fabricated via hot-pressing and pixelization, which is commercially not viable, thus restricting their use. Chemical vapor deposition is being developed as an alternative manufacturing process. Columnar coatings of Lu(2)O(3):Eu(3+) have been achieved using the halide-CO(2)-H(2) system, clearly signifying feasibility of the CVD process. Characterization of the coatings using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis have been used as an aid to optimize process parameters and attain highly oriented and engineered coating structures. These results have clearly demonstrated that this process can be successfully used to tailor sub-micron columnar growth of Lu(2)O(3):Eu(3+), with the potential of ultra high resolution x-ray imaging.

We give an overview of the algorithms, design philosophy,and implementation techniques in the software SuperLU, for solving sparseunsymmetric linear systems. In particular, we highlight the differencesbetween the sequential SuperLU (including its multithreaded extension)and parallel SuperLU_DIST. These include the numerical pivoting strategy,the ordering strategy for preserving sparsity, the ordering in which theupdating tasks are performed, the numerical kernel, and theparallelization strategy. Because of the scalability concern, theparallel code is drastically different from the sequential one. Wedescribe the user interfaces ofthe libraries, and illustrate how to usethe libraries most efficiently depending on some matrix characteristics.Finally, we give some examples of how the solver has been used inlarge-scale scientific applications, and the performance.

Lutetium thermometry has been used to analyze Oklo natural nuclear reactor zones but leads to widely varying and puzzling predictions for the temperatures TO, which in turn impacts Oklo bounds on the time variation of the fine structure constant α. We revisit results for reactor zone RZ10 in light of new astrophysical measurements of the isomer branching ratio B^g in ^175Lu neutron capture at 5 and 25 keV. We recalculate predictions for TO as a function of B^g using realistic models of the Oklo neutron flux. We find TO= 100 ±30 C using a new value of B^g, in contrast to 350 Oklo reactor data, but a better measurement of B^g with thermal neutrons is needed to confirm the reliability of temperature predictions.

Background: Lutetium thermometry has been used to analyze Oklo natural nuclear reactor zones but leads to widely varying and puzzling predictions for the temperatures TO which in turn impacts bounds on time variation of the fine structure constant α.Purpose: We revisit results for reactor zone RZ10 in light of new measurements of the isomer branching ratio Bg in 175Lu neutron capture at 5 and 25 keV.Method: We recalculate predictions for TO as a function of Bg using realistic models of the Oklo neutron flux.Results: We find TO=100±30 ∘C using a new value of Bg, in contrast to 350Oklo reactor data, but a better measurement of Bg with thermal neutrons is needed to confirm the reliability of temperature predictions.

This work presents the synthesis by coprecipitation of diamond shaped Yb:Er:NaGd(WO4)2 crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) with diagonal dimensions in the 5-7 nm × 10-12 nm range which have been modified with TWEEN80 for their dispersion in water, and their interaction with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) proposed as cellular NP vehicles. These NPs belong to a large family of tetragonal Yb:Er:NaT(XO4)2 (T = Y, La, Gd, Lu; X = Mo, W) compounds with green (2H11/2 + 4S3/2 → 4I15/2) Er-related upconversion (UC) efficiency comparable to that of Yb:Er:β-NaYF4 reference compound, but with a ratiometric thermal sensitivity (S) 2.5-3.5 times larger than that of the fluoride. At the temperature range of interest for biomedical applications (˜293-317 K/20-44 °C) S = 108-118 × 10-4 K-1 for 20 at%Yb:5 at%Er:NaGd(WO4)2 NPs, being the largest values so far reported using the 2H11/2/4S3/2 Er intensity ratiometric method. Cultured MSCs, incubated with these water NP emulsions, internalize and accumulate the NPs enclosed in endosomes/lysosomes. Incubations with up to 10 μg of NPs per ml of culture medium maintain cellular metabolism at 72 h. A thermal assisted excitation path is discussed as responsible for the UC behavior of Yb:Er:NaT(XO4)2 compounds.

This work presents the synthesis by coprecipitation of diamond shaped Yb:Er:NaGd(WOsub>4sub>)sub>2sub> crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) with diagonal dimensions in the 5-7 nm × 10-12 nm range which have been modified with TWEEN80 for their dispersion in water, and their interaction with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) proposed as cellular NP vehicles. These NPs belong to a large family of tetragonal Yb:Er:NaT(XOsub>4sub>)sub>2sub> (T=Y, La, Gd, Lu; X= Mo, W) compounds with green (2Hsub>11/2sub>+4Ssub>3/2sub>→4Isub>15/2sub>) Er-related upconversion (UC) efficiency comparable to that of Yb:Er:β-NaYFsub>4sub> reference compound, but with a ratiometric thermal sensitivity (S) 2.5-3.5 times larger than that of the fluoride. At the temperature range of interest for biomedical applications (~293-317 K / 20-44 ºC) S= 108-118 × 10-4 K-1 for 20at%Yb:5at%Er:NaGd(WOsub>4sub>)sub>2sub> NPs, being the largest values so far reported using the 2Hsub>11/2sub>/4Ssub>3/2sub> Er intensity ratiometric method. Cultured MSCs, incubated with these water NP emulsions, internalize and accumulate the NPs enclosed in endosomes/lysosomes. Incubations with up to 10 μg of NPs per ml of culture medium maintain cellular metabolism at 72 h. A thermal assisted excitation path is discussed as responsible for the UC behavior of Yb:Er:NaT(XOsub>4sub>)sub>2sub> compounds.

Rare-earth doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) ceramics are among the most widely produced transparent ceramics for laser applications. Yb:YAG ceramics are an interesting IR laser material [1], which allows significantly higher doping compared to the generally more used Nd:YAG [2,3]. This work presents the preparation of polycrystalline Yb:YAG ceramics with dopant concentration from 0 up to 20 at.% via solid state reactive sintering. Samples were prepared via cold isostatic pressing of spray ...

This paper investigates the direct upconversion sensitization luminescence of the ErYb co-doped oxyfluoride glass (ErYb: FOG), fluoride glass (ErYb: ZBLAN) and pentaphosphate noncrystalline (ErYb: PP) excited by a 966 nm diode laser. The splendid upconversion luminescence phenomenon is found. It is resulted from that the Yb3+ concentration in rather high, the energy transfer among Er(3+)-Yb3+ and Yb(3+)-Yb3+ ions is rather strong. An important fact is found that the direct upconversion sensitization luminescence of ErYb: FOG is about 100-100,000 times greater than that of ErYb: PP. And meanwhile it is interesting that the upconversion luminescence intensity of ErYb: FOG is near to that of ErYb: ZBLAN. It is significant to enhance the comprehensive level of up-conversion luminescence.

A measurement on lifetimes of high-spin states in the yrast and near-yrast rotational bands in {sup 162}Yb was carried out at ATLAS in order to determine the evolution of collectivity as a function of angular momentum using the {sup 126}Te({sup 40}Ar,4n){sup 162}Yb reaction at 170 MeV. Previous lifetime measurements in the {sup 164,166,168}Yb isotopes showed a dramatic decrease in the transition quadrupole moment Q{sub t} with increasing spin. It was suggested that this decrease in Q{sub t} is brought about by the rotationally-induced deoccupation of high-j configurations, mainly i{sub 13/2} neutrons. If this interpretation is correct, the heavier isotopes should have a larger decrease in Q{sub t} than the lighter mass nuclides due to the position of the Fermi surface in the i{sub 13/2} subshell. Indeed, {sup 160}Yb does not show a clear decrease in Q{sub t} at high spin. No high spin lifetime information exists for {sup 162}Yb, thus this experiment fills the gap of measured Q{sub t}`s in the light Yb series. The data is currently being analyzed.

We model the binding energies of rovibrational levels of the RbYb molecule using experimental data from two-color photoassociation spectroscopy in mixtures of ultracold $^{87}$Rb with various Yb isotopes. The model uses a theoretical potential based on state-of-the-art \\emph{ab initio} potentials, further improved by least-squares fitting to the experimental data. We have fixed the number of bound states supported by the potential curve, so that the model is mass scaled, that is, it accurately describes the bound state energies for all measured isotopic combinations. Such a model enables an accurate prediction of the s-wave scattering lengths of all isotopic combinations of the RbYb system. The reduced mass range is broad enough to cover the full scattering lengths range from $-\\infty$ to $+\\infty$. For example, the $^{87}$Rb$^{174}$Yb system is characterized by a large positive scattering length of $+880(120)$~a.u., while $^{87}$Rb$^{173}$Yb has $a=-626(88)$~a.u.. On the other hand $^{87}$Rb$^{170}$Yb has a ...

The electron-impact widths for 27 Lu III spectral lines have been calculated by using the modified semiempirical method. Calculations have been also performed with the published relativistic Hartree-Fock oscillator strengths and additionally, with the approximate formula of Cowley.With the obtained results, the influence of Stark broadening on Lu III lines was investigated in the spectra of A-type stars. The obtained data will be included in the STARK-B database, which is part of the Virtual Atomic and Molecular Data Center – VAMDC.

We investigate performance characteristics for the LU factorization of large matrices with various sparsity patterns. We consider supernodal right-looking parallel factorization on a bi-dimensional grid of processors, making use of static pivoting. We develop a performance model and we validate it using the implementation in SuperLU-DIST, the real matrices and the IBM Power3 machine at NERSC. We use this model to obtain performance bounds on parallel computers, to perform scalability analysis and to identify performance bottlenecks. We also discuss the role of load balance and data distribution in this approach.

Full Text Available Tm3+ , Yb3+ and Tm3+ /Yb3+ doped LaVO4 nanostructures were synthe- sized for the first time by using the hydrothermal method with the aid of La(CH3CO23 as lanthanum source in presence of oleic acid as surfactant. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM, transmission electron microscopy (TEM, photoluminescence (PL spectroscopy and UV– Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Besides, the effects of activator concentration and sensitizer on the emission intensity were investi- gated. The PL spectrum revealed that the emission intensity decreases with increase in the concentration of Tm3+ , while adding Yb3+ as sensi- tizer causes the emission intensity to increase. The LaVO4: Tm3+ /Yb3+ may possibly have potential application in enhancing the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells by increasing the absorption of dyes.

The fractionation of ytterbium isotopes with the even and odd numbers of neutrons was investigated in a Yb(III)-acetate/Yb-amalgam exchange systems. The light isotope was preferentially fractionated to the amalgam phase. The values of the unit separation gain per mass difference,{epsilon}, were found to be -0.00054 for {sup 176/171}Yb and -0.00069 for {sup 176/174}Yb The difference which amounted to 0.00015 is an evidence for the occurrence of the so called `even-odd` effect. It was also found that the chemical isotope shift of ytterbium was monitored by optical isotope shift its atomic spectra. (author). 23 refs, 7 figs, 4 tabs.

The beta decays of ^{150}Er, ^{152}Yb, and ^{156}Yb nuclei are investigated using the total absorption spectroscopy technique. These nuclei can be considered possible candidates for forming the beam of a monoenergetic neutrino beam facility based on the electron capture (EC) decay of radioactive nuclei. Our measurements confirm that for the cases studied, the EC decay proceeds mainly to a single state in the daughter nucleus.

The electrochemical behavior of Yb3+ and electrodeposition of Mg-Yb alloy film at solid magnesium cathode in the molten LiCl-KCl-YbCl3(2 wt.%) system at 773 K was investigated.Transient electrochemical techniques,such as cyclic voltammetry,chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry were used in order to explore the deposition mechanism of Yb.The reduction process of Yb3+ is stepwise reactions which are single-electron and double-electron reversible charge transfer reactions.The speed control step was a diffu...

Full Text Available We present picosecond Yb:YAG and Yb:CaF2 regenerative laser amplifiers with ultra-high repetition rates in the MHz range. A maximum pulse energy of 40 μJ was obtained at 20 kHz while we achieved around 1 μJ at 1 MHz. We demonstrated a pulse duration of 2.1 ps for Yb:YAG and 4.8 ps for Yb:CaF2 when seeded by a mode-locked Yb:KGW fs-oscillator without pulse stretching or phase compensation.

The study of 177Lu labeled radiopharmaceuticals for cancer therapy is fast emerging as an important part of nuclear medicine. 177Lu-labelling of DOTA derivatized peptide DOTA-TOC (Tyr3-Octreotide) was carried out and biodistribution of 177Lu-DOTA-TOC in normal

We present the structural, magnetic, thermodynamic and transport properties of the two new compounds YbPt(2)Sn and YbPt(2)In. X-ray powder diffraction shows that they crystallize in different structure types, the hexagonal ZrPt(2)Al and the cubic Heusler type, respectively. Despite quite different lattice types, both compounds present very similar magnetic properties: a stable trivalent Yb(3+), no evidence for a sizeable Kondo interaction and very weak exchange interactions with a strength below 1 K as deduced from specific heat C(T). Broad anomalies in C(T) suggest short range magnetic ordering at about 250 mK and 180 mK for YbPt(2)Sn and YbPt(2)In, respectively. The weak exchange and the low ordering temperature result in a large magnetocaloric effect as deduced from the magnetic field dependence of C(T), making these compounds interesting candidates for magnetic cooling. In addition we found in YbPt(2)In evidences for a charge density wave transition at about 290 K. The occurrence of such transitions within several RET2X compound series (RE = rare earth, T = noble metal, X = In, Sn) is analyzed.

The phase relations in the ternary system Yb-Zn-In have been established for the partial isothermal section in the 0-33.3 at.% ytterbium concentration range at 400 deg. C, by researching of more than forty alloys. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), complemented with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), were used to study the microstructures, identify the phases and characterize their crystal structures and compositions. The phase equilibria of this Yb-Zn-In partial section at 400 deg. C are characterized by the presence of three extended homogeneity ranges, indium solubility in Yb{sub 13}Zn{sub 58} and YbZn{sub 2} and of zinc solubility in YbIn{sub 2}, and the existence of one ternary intermetallic compound, YbZn{sub 1-x}In{sub 1+x}, x = approx0.3. This new compound crystallizes in the UHg{sub 2} structure type (space group P6/mmm), with a = 4.7933(5) A, c = 3.6954(5) A. The studied partial isothermal section has eight ternary phase fields at 400 deg. C.

We have carried out hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) of Yb1-x Zr x B12 (0≤slant x≤slant 0.875 ) to study the effects of electron doping on the Kondo insulator YbB12. The Yb valences of Yb1-x Zr x B12 at 300 K estimated from the Yb 3d HAXPES spectra decreased after substituting Yb with Zr from 2.93 for YbB12 to 2.83 for Yb0.125Zr0.875B12. A temperature dependent valence decrease was found upon cooling for all doping concentrations. We found peak shifts of the B 1s and Zr 3d5/2, and Yb3+ 4f spectra toward the deeper binding-energy with increasing Zr concentration, which indicates a shift of the Fermi level to the higher energy and that of the Yb 4f hole level close to the Fermi level, respectively, due to electron doping. These results qualitatively show the enhanced hybridization between the Yb 4f and conduction-band states with Zr substitution, consistent with magnetic susceptibility measurements.

Light yield and light loss coefficient of Lu3Al5O12:Ce (LuAG:Ce) and Lu3Al5O12:Pr (LuAG:Pr) single crystals grown by the Czochralski method were investigated under excitation with α- and γ-rays. Photoelectron yield and energy resolution were measured using the XP5200B photomultiplier. The dependence of photoelectron yield on sample height was measured under excitation with α- and γ-rays and the light loss coefficient was evaluated. It was found that the light loss coefficient of LuAG:Ce is smaller than that of LuAG:Pr. The ratio of photoelectron yield under excitation with α- and γ-rays (α/γ ratio) was also determined and discussed.

Spectroscopic characterization of a Ho:LuVO4 crystal grown by the Czochralski method has been performed, including the absorption and emission spectra. We demonstrate a 2 μm room temperature Ho:LuVO4 laser, resonantly pumped by a 1.94 μm Tm:YAP laser. By use of an output coupler with T=10% transmission, the Ho:LuVO4 laser generated continuous-wave output power of 2.5 W at 2074.18 nm, with a beam quality factor of Mx2=My2=1.3, for a total incident pump power of 19.4 W. The slope efficiency with respect to the pump power was 17.6%, and the optical-to-optical efficiency was 12.9%. Moreover, we obtained a Ho:LuVO4 laser that operated at 2073.77 and 2055.27 nm, by using different output couplers with transmissions of T=15 and 30%.

The crystal field excitations of the rare earth intermetallic compound YbMn2Si2 have been measured by inelastic neutron scattering over the temperature range 2.5-50 K. The YbMn2Si2 spectra exhibit three low energy excitations (~3-7 meV) in the antiferromagnetic AFil region above the magnetic phase transition at TN2 = 30(5) K. The crystal field parameters have been determined for YbMn2Si2 in the antiferromagnetic AFil region. A further two inelastic excitations (~9 meV, 17 meV) are observed below TN2=30(5) K, the temperature at which the high temperature antiferromagnetic structure is reported to exhibit doubling of the magnetic cell. Energy level diagrams have been determined for Yb3+ ions in the different sites above (single site) and below the magnetic transition temperature (two sites). The excitation energies for both sites are shown to be temperature independent with the temperature dependences of the transition intensities for the two sites described well by a simple Boltzmann model. The spectra below TN2 cannot be described fully in terms of molecular field models based on either a single Yb3+ site or two Yb3+ sites. This indicates that the magnetic behaviour of YbMn2Si2 is more complicated than previously considered. The inability to account fully for excitations below the magnetic phase transition may be due to an, as yet, unresolved structural transition associated with the magnetic transition.

Spectroscopic and scintillation properties of BaY2F8 :Ce3+, BaLu2F8 and BaLu2F8 :Ce3+ are presented. For pure BaLu2F8, a luminescence with a decay time of similar to 1 ns is observed under gamma-ray excitation. This luminescence with a light yield of about 200 ph/MeV is attributed to core-valence

Quasi-CW diode-pumped Yb3+∶borate glass and Yb3+∶phosphate glass microchip lasers have been reported. From Yb3+∶phosphate glass laser, the maximum average output power was 31 mW and the optical-optical conversion efficiency was 5%.The maximum average output power was 18 mW, and optical-optical conversion efficiency was 3% for Yb3+∶borate glass laser.

Deposition of Yb-Bi thin films was carried out from a nonaqueous solution by using cyclic electrodepositon.During electrodeposition the substrate potential was continuously cycled between two potentials.The effects of several factors including the potential of deposition,time of deposition and sweep rate on the Yb content in the thin films and surface morphology were studied.Experimental results indicate that the amorphous Yb-Bi thin films containing Yb 21.04%～36.36%(mass fraction)can be prepared in 0.10 mol·L-1 YbCl3+0.10 mol*L-1 Bi(NO3)3+0.10 mol·L-1 LiCl+DMSO by controlling deposition conditions of the system.They are black,uniform,metallic luster and adhered firmly to the copper substrates.The films were characterized by X-ray energy dispersive analysis(EDS),scanning electron microcoscope(SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).

Charge-transfer cold Yb$^+$ + Rb collision dynamics is investigated theoretically using high-level {\\it ab initio} potential energy curves, dipole moment functions and nonadiabatic coupling matrix elements. Within the scalar-relativistic approximation, the radiative transitions from the entrance $A^1\\Sigma^+$ to the ground $X^1\\Sigma^+$ state are found to be the only efficient charge-transfer pathway. The spin-orbit coupling does not open other efficient pathways, but alters the potential energy curves and the transition dipole moment for the $A-X$ pair of states. The radiative, as well as the nonradiative, charge-transfer cross sections calculated within the $10^{-3}-10$ cm$^{-1}$ collision energy range exhibit all features of the Langevin ion-atom collision regime, including a rich structure associated with centrifugal barrier tunneling (orbiting) resonances. Theoretical rate coefficients for two Yb isotopes agree well with those measured by immersing Yb$^+$ ion in an ultracold Rb ensemble in a hybrid trap....

The potentials of ultracold polar molecules have been discussed with respect to quantum information processing and quantum simulation. This experiment focuses on the production of quantum degenerate YbCs molecules. We propose to magneto-associate the atoms over a Feshbach resonance and transfer them to the ground state using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP). Ground state YbCs will, due to its single valence electron, exhibit an electric as well as a magnetic dipole moment. It should therefore demonstrate spin dependent interactions in addition to long-range dipole-dipole interactions. Here we outline the theoretical and experimental progress on creating a dual species Magneto-Optical Trap (MOT) of Yb and Cs. ESPRC

High-spin states of 156Yb have been studied via the 144Sm(16O,4n)156Yb fusion-evaporation reaction at beam energy 102 MeV. The positive-parity yrast band and negative-parity cascade have been extended up to higher-spin states, respectively. The characteristics of the negative-parity sequence above the 25- state may related to the excitation from the nucleon in the Z = 64, N = 82 core. The E-GOS curve for the positive-parity yrast sequence in 156Yb indicate that this nucleus may undergo an evolution from quasivibrational to quasirotational structure with increasing angular momentum. The Cranked Woods-Saxon-Strutinsky calculations by means of Total-Routhian-Surface (TRS) methods has been made to understand this structure change.

Infrared to green up-conversion emissions centered at the wavelengths of about 524 and 550 nm of the Er3+-Yb3+ codoped borosilicate glass are recorded,using a 978 nm semiconductor laser diode(LD) as an excitation source.The fluorescence intensity ratio(FIR) of the green up-conversion emissions at about 524 and 550 nm in the Er3+-Yb3+ codoped borosilicate glass has been studied as a function of temperature over the temperature range of 295-873 K.The maximum sensitivity and the temperature resolution derived from the FIR of the green up-conversion emissions are approximately 0.0038 K-1 and 0.2 K,respectively.It is demonstrated that the prototype optical temperature sensor based on the FIR technique from the green up-conversion emissions in the Er3+-Yb3+ codoped borosilicate glass plays a major role in temperature measurement.

Lu-DOTATATE (Lu-PRRT) is a valid therapeutic option in differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (P-NETs). FDG PET seems to be an important prognostic factor in P-NETs. We evaluated the efficacy of Lu-PRRT and the role of FDG PET in 60 patients with advanced P-NETs. From March 2008 to June 2011, 60 consecutive patients with P-NETs were enrolled in the study. Follow-up lasted until March 2016. Eligible patients were treated with two different total cumulative activities (18.5 or 27.8 GBq in 5 cycles every 6-8 weeks), according to kidney and bone marrow parameters. Twenty-eight patients received a mean full activity (FA) of 25.9 GBq and 32 a mean reduced activity (RA) of 18.5 GBq. The disease control rate (DCR), defined as the sum of CR+PR+SD was 85.7 % in the FA group and 78.1 % in the RA group. Median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 53.4 months in the FA group and 21.7 months in the RA group (P = 0.353). Median overall survival (mOS) was not reached (nr) in FA patients and was 63.8 months in the RA group (P = 0.007). Fifty-five patients underwent an FDG PET scan before Lu-PRRT, 32 (58 %) showing an increased FDG uptake in tumor sites. mPFS was 21.1 months in FDG PET-positive patients and 68.7 months in the FDG PET-negative group (P < 0.0002), regardless of the total activity administered. Both FA and RA are active in patients undergoing Lu-PRRT. However, an FA of 27.8 GBq of Lu-PRRT prolongs PFS and OS compared to an RA of 18.5 GBq. Our results indicate that FDG PET is an independent prognostic factor in this patient setting. (orig.)

We report on the synthesis and laser characteristics of Yb3+-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Y3Al5O12) optical ceramics. The ceramics was produced by solid-phase reactive sintering of a mixture of Yb (5 at %) : Y2O3 and Al2O3 nanopowders synthesised by laser ablation, using additional calcination of the mixture before compaction. In a thin disk geometry, multiwatt laser oscillation was obtained at a wavelength of 1030 nm with a power of 5.2 W and a slope efficiency of 37.0% at a pump pulse period-toduration ratio of 5.72.

Full Text Available The theoretical and experimental results of longitudinally continuous-wave diode-pumped Yb:Y3Al5O12 (YAG laser performance for compact field-condition measuring systems were demonstrated. Optimization of laser setup in terms of operation condition in the range of -40 ˚С – +65 ˚С without active thermal stabilization was carried out. Using Yb (10 ат.%:YAG crystal with the length of 3 mm the maximal output power more than 2 W was obtained in the whole of temperature range.

The main objective of this contribution is to point out the potentialities of cerium doped LuAG single crystal as pixels and fibers. We first show that after optimization of growth conditions using Bridgman technology, this composition exhibits very good performances for scintillating applications (up to 26 000 photons/MeV). When grown with the micropulling down technology, fiber shapes can be obtained while the intrinsic performances are preserved. For the future high energy experiments requiring new detector concepts capable of delivering much richer informations about x- or gamma-ray energy deposition, unusual fiber shaped dense materials need to be developed. We demonstrate in this frame that cerium doped LuAG is a serious candidate for the next generation of ionizing radiation calorimeters. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. {[}doi: 10.1063/1.3452358

LU Lac is a neglected W UMa binary star in photometric investigations. In this paper, we present BVRI CCD photometric light curves obtained on one night in 2012. The first photometric solutions of this system are computed by using the Wilson-Devinney code. It is shown that LU Lac is a marginal contact W-type system with a degree of contact factor of f=8.9%, a mass ratio of q=2.085 and a high inclination of i=82°.20. From the first analyses of orbital period changes, we found the period variation of the system includes an oscillation (A3=0.0125 days and T3=51.92 years). The cyclic change may be attributed to the light-travel time effect through the presence of a third body.

A simple procedure for the synthesis of orthorhombic, uniform, LuF{sub 3} particles with two different morphologies (rhombus- and cocoon-like) and nanometer and sub-micrometer size, respectively, is reported. The method consists in the aging, at 120 °C for 2 h, a solution containing [BMIM]BF{sub 4} ionic liquid (0.5 mL) and lutetium acetate (in the case of the rhombi) or lutetium nitrate (in the case of the cocoons) (0.02 M) in ethylene glycol (total volume 10 mL). This synthesis method was also adequate for the synthesis of Eu{sup 3+}-doped LuF{sub 3} particles of both morphologies, whose luminescence properties were investigated in detail. The experimental observations reported herein suggest that these materials are suitable phosphors for optoelectronic as well as in vitro biotechnological applications.

Full Text Available Of all Romanian dances with ritual functions the most archaic and dynamic is the căluş, a custom of great complexity in its functionality and manifestation, in which dance prevails. Over the course of time, the dance aroused the admiration and interest of many scholars due to the ancient ritual elements it contains, as well as for its spectacular virtuosity and the beauty of the performance and music. The purpose of this study is to reveal the meanings and functions of the căluş, primarily at the social level, in its natural environment – the traditional Romanian village – and to make an analysis of the key moments, the logical order of the dance sequences, gestures and ritual acts, the importance of its props and of group composition and organisation.

Excited states in the proton-unbound nucleus {sup 151}Lu have been established using γ-ray coincidence techniques. The lifetime of the first excited state above the proton-emitting ground state has been measured using the recoil-distance Doppler-shift method combined with recoil-decay tagging. The experimental level scheme and extracted lifetime have been compared with state-of-the-art theoretical calculations based upon a non-adiabatic deformed Woods–Saxon potential. This comparison suggests that the proton-emitting ground state in {sup 151}Lu is mildly oblate with a deformation β=−0.11{sub −0.05}{sup +0.02} and represents the best evidence to date for proton emission from an oblate nucleus.

Polycrystalline YbAu{sub 2}Si{sub 2} has been prepared by arc melting and a non-standard anisotropic thermal expansion is observed at low temperatures. A non-magnetic Yb{sup 2+} valence state is derived from magnetization, magnetic-susceptibility, heat-capacity and electrical-conductivity measurements in the temperature range from 0.3 to 300 K and at external pressures up to 3.2 GPa. By both experimental and theoretical investigations, YbAu{sub 2}Si{sub 2} is confirmed to be a system with a weak electron-electron correlations and a small electron-phonon interaction. Application of hydrostatic pressure does not reveal any change of state in the range of applied pressures.

The existing form and grain refining effects of small zirconium addition in pure Mg, Mg-Yb and Mg-Zn binary alloys, and Mg-Zn-Yb ternary alloy (ZK60-Yb) were investigated. The results show that Zr element exists mainly in single and cluster particles of pure α-Zr or Zn-Zr compounds inside grains and at grain boundaries. Only the particles located in the interior of grains can act as the nucleus for α-Mg growth and effectively promote the formation of Fine equiaxed grains. The broken and dispersed Zr-rich particles produced during the hot extrusion process can form nebulous banded structure in which these free particles may act as obstacles to dislocation motion in wrought magnesium alloys.

Full text: {sup 177}Lu has been identified, by the scientific community, as a radionuclide with interesting advantages compared with {sup 90}Y and other beta emitters used in nuclear medicine. This paper analyses the free {sup 177}Lu biokinetic behavior in NIH male mice from activity measurements performed by the Radiopharmacy Division of CNEA (Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica) in the frame of an IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Coordinated Research Project. The study of experimental data is a previous condition that allows drawing the activity-time curves for organs and to know the biodistribution of {sup 177}Lu. The cumulated activity in organs of interest in NIH male mice are calculated and critical organs are identified. The organs selected for analysis in this paper are the liver, kidneys, spleen, stomach, intestine, lungs, skeleton and red marrow. The last one is estimated from the activity measured in blood based on a recognized method published by Sgouros (2000). The results has been extrapolated to human assuming the same biokinetic behaviour as mice being the applicability of the different extrapolation methods also discussed. The direct extrapolation from mice data was the method of election from a radiological protection point of view. The measurement procedures, the data processing, the extrapolation techniques and the analysis performed in this study will contribute as a basis for future research of this group in the area of antibodies and other radiopharmaceutical labeled with {sup 177}Lu. The cumulated activity calculated in each organ is relevant because it makes possible to perform the dose assessment through the application of appropriate dose coefficients. It is a necessary step in order to evaluate the toxicity risk that is required in a pre-clinical study. (author)

Lutetium orthophosphate is an important nonmagnetic host material for rare-earth-activated luminescence applications. We have measured the LuPO{sub 4} phonon density of states and dispersion curves along the [{xi}00],[{xi}{xi}0], and [00{xi}] symmetry directions by neutron spectroscopy using polycrystalline and single-crystal samples. A quantitative analysis of the neutron results was carried out using a lattice-dynamical shell model.

The nuclear potential energies of Lu isotopes with neutron number N = 90 - 98 up to high spins are computed within the framework of the unpaired cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky method. The potential and the macroscopic Lublin-Strasbourg drop (LSD) energy-surface diagrams are analyzed in terms of quadrupole deformation and triaxiality parameter. The shape evolution of these isotopes with respect to angular momentum, as well as the neutron number is studied.

Full Text Available The Lutetium-Hafnium isotopic system represents one of the most innovative and powerful tools for geochronology and isotopic studies. Combined U-Pb and Lu-Hf in situ analyses on zircon by LA-MC-ICP-MS permit to characterize isotopically the host magma from which it crystallized furnishing significant information for sediment provenance and crustal evolution studies. In this paper e describe the Lu-Hf systematic by LA-MC-ICP-MS developed in the laboratory of Geochronology of the University of Brasilia and report the results obtained by repeated analyses of 176Hf/177Hf isotopic ratio of three zircon standards: GJ-1 = 0.282022 ± 11 (n=56, Temora 2 = 0.282693 ± 14 (n=25 and UQZ = 0.282127 ± 33 (n=11. The 176Hf/177Hf ratio (0.282352 ± 22, n=14 of gem quality zircon used as in-house standard have been also characterized. As a geological application, we analyzed two complex zircons selected from a migmatitic rocks from the Borborema Province, NE Brazil. On the basis of U-Pb and Lu-Hf data, two main crystallization events have been identified in both studied zircons. An older event at ca. 2.05 Ga recognized in the inherited cores represents a well-characterized paleoproterozoic magmatic event that affected the whole Borborema Province. A second crystallization event at ~ 575 Ma, recognized at the rims, represents a Neoproterozoic (Brazilian high grade metamorphic-magmatic event.O sistema isotópico Lutécio-Hafnio representa uma das ferramentas mais recentes e poderosas para estudos isotópicos e geocronológicos. Análises combinadas in situ de U-Pb e Lu-Hf sobre zircão pelo LA-MC-ICP-MS permitem caracterizar iso-topicamente o magma onde ele cristalizou, fornecendo valiosas informações para estudos de proveniência de sedimento e de evolução crustal. Nesse trabalho descrevemos a sistemática de Lu-Hf pelo LA-MC-ICP-MS implantada no laboratório de Geocronologia da Universidade de Brasília e reportamos os resultados obtidos de repetidas an

Graphical abstract: The monodisperse elliptical NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell–shell nanoparticles have been synthesized successfully by a facile sequential growth process, which can be used as transducer for photodynamic therapy of cancer cells. - Highlights: • The NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb nanoparticles have been fabricated successfully. • The as-prepared nanoparticles show strong fluorescence excited at 980 or 808 nm. • The nanoparticles were transferred into the aqueous phase via a facile process. • Photosensitizers were loaded into the composites for photodynamic therapy. - Abstract: Upconversion (UC) nanostructures have attracted much interest for their extensive biological applications. In this work, we describe a sequential synthetic route to prepare sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell upconversion nanoparticles. The as-prepared products were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM 2100F), respectively. The as-prepared core–shell nanoparticles of NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb are composed of elliptical nanoparticles with a length of 80 nm and width of 42 nm, which show efficient upconversion fluorescence excited at 808 nm indicating the formation of core–shell–shell sandwiched nanostructures. In addition, the as-prepared sandwiched NaYF{sub 4}:Yb/Er@NaYF{sub 4}:Yb@NaNdF{sub 4}:Yb core–shell upconversion nanoparticles also show strong upconversion fluorescence excited at 980 nm. Amphiphilic mPEG{sub 2k}-b-PEBEP{sub 6K} copolymers (denoted as PPE) were chosen to transfer these hydrophobic UCNPs into the aqueous phase for biological application. In vitro photodynamic therapy of cancer cells show that the viability of cells incubated with the nanoparticles loaded with MC 540 was significantly lower as compared to the nanoparticles without photosensitizers exposed to NIR laser.

QR and LU factorizations for dense matrices are important linear algebra computations that are widely used in scientific applications. To efficiently perform these computations on modern computers, the factorization algorithms need to be blocked when operating on large matrices to effectively exploit the deep cache hierarchy prevalent in today's computer memory systems. Because both QR (based on Householder transformations) and LU factorization algorithms contain complex loop structures, few compilers can fully automate the blocking of these algorithms. Though linear algebra libraries such as LAPACK provides manually blocked implementations of these algorithms, by automatically generating blocked versions of the computations, more benefit can be gained such as automatic adaptation of different blocking strategies. This paper demonstrates how to apply an aggressive loop transformation technique, dependence hoisting, to produce efficient blockings for both QR and LU with partial pivoting. We present different blocking strategies that can be generated by our optimizer and compare the performance of auto-blocked versions with manually tuned versions in LAPACK, both using reference BLAS, ATLAS BLAS and native BLAS specially tuned for the underlying machine architectures.

Full Text Available Objective(s: In this work a new possible agent for radiosynovectomy has been targeted for articular pain palliation. Materials and Methods: Lu-177 of 2.6-3 GBq/mg specific activity was obtained by irradiation of natural Lu2O3 sample with thermal neutron flux of 4 × 1013 n.cm-2.s-1. The product was converted into chloride form which was further used for labeling of 177Lu-phytate complex and checked using ITLC (MeOH: H2O: acetic acid, 4: 4: 2, as mobile phase. The complex stability and viscosity were checked in the final solution up to seven days. The prepared complex solution (100 µCi/100 µl was injected intra-articularly to male rat knee joint. Leakage of radioactivity from injection site and its distribution in organs were investigated up to seven days. Results: The complex was successfully prepared with high radiochemical purity (>99.9 %. Approximately, the whole injected dose has remained in injection site seven days after injection. Conclusion: The complex was proved to be a feasible agent for cavital radiotherapy in oncology and rheumatology

Yb,Ho:YAP and Yb,Ho,Pr:YAP laser crystals with high optical quality are successfully grown using the Czochralski method. The absorption coefficient and band width of the two crystals at 970 nm are increased because of the doping of Yb{sup 3+} sensitizer. The three strongest fluorescence peaks of the two crystals are located at approximately 2844, 2853, and 2912 nm, which correspond to the {sup 5}I{sub 6}→{sup 5}I{sub 7} level transitions of Ho{sup 3+} ions. Lifetime measurements indicate that the deactivator Pr{sup 3+} ions can efficiently decrease the lifetime of the lower level {sup 5}I{sub 7} from 8.848 ms to 1.258 ms. Energy-transfer mechanisms are also studied and analyzed, and up-conversion luminescence spectra provide the further evidence that Pr{sup 3+} ions can efficiently depopulate Ho{sup 3+} ions at the {sup 5}I{sub 7} level. All these results show that Yb,Ho,Pr:YAP crystal may be a promising laser medium for realizing 2.8–3.1 μm lasers pumped using a 970 nm laser diode. - Highlights: • New Yb,Ho:YAP and Yb,Ho,Pr:YAP laser crystals are grown by the CZ method. • The absorption and FWHM at 970 nm are increased due to the doping of Yb sensitizer. • The lifetime of lower laser level {sup 5}I{sub 7} decreases from 8.848 to 1.258 ms because of the doping of Pr{sup 3+} deactivator. • The up-conversion luminescence provides the further evidence that Pr{sup 3+} ions can efficiently depopulate Ho{sup 3+} ions at the {sup 5}I{sub 7}. • The Yb,Ho,Pr:YAP crystal may be a promising laser medium for realizing the 2.8–3.1 μm lasers using 970 nm LD.

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The Lutheran blood group glycoprotein (Lu, an Ig superfamily (IgSF transmembrane receptor, is also known as basal cell adhesion molecule (B-CAM. Lu/B-CAM is a specific receptor for laminin α5, a major component of basement membranes in various tissues. Previous reports have shown that Lu/B-CAM binding to laminin α5 contributes to sickle cell vaso-occlusion. However, as there are no useful tools such as function-blocking antibodies or drugs, it is unclear how epithelial and sickled red blood cells adhere to laminin α5 via Lu/B-CAM. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In this study, we discovered a function-blocking antibody that inhibits Lu binding to laminin α5 using a unique binding assay on tissue sections. To characterize the function-blocking antibody, we identified the site on Lu/B-CAM recognized by this antibody. The extracellular domain of Lu/B-CAM contains five IgSF domains, D1-D2-D3-D4-D5. The antibody epitope was localized to D2, but not to the D3 domain containing the major part of the laminin α5 binding site. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies showed that Arg(175, the LU4 blood group antigenic site, was crucial for forming the epitope and the antibody bound sufficiently close to sterically hinder the interaction with α5. Cell adhesion assay using the antibody also showed that Lu/B-CAM serves as a secondary receptor for the adhesion of carcinoma cells to laminin α5. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This function-blocking antibody against Lu/B-CAM should be useful for not only investigating cell adhesion to laminin α5 but also for developing drugs to inhibit sickle cell vaso-occlusion.

Full Text Available Abstract The Alu Yb-lineage is a 'young' primarily human-specific group of short interspersed element (SINE subfamilies that have integrated throughout the human genome. In this study, we have computationally screened the draft sequence of the human genome for Alu Yb-lineage subfamily members present on autosomal chromosomes. A total of 1,733 Yb Alu subfamily members have integrated into human autosomes. The average ages of Yb-lineage subfamilies, Yb7, Yb8 and Yb9, are estimated as 4.81, 2.39 and 2.32 million years, respectively. In order to determine the contribution of the Alu Yb-lineage to human genomic diversity, 1,202 loci were analysed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR-based assays, which amplify the genomic regions containing individual Yb-lineage subfamily members. Approximately 20 per cent of the Yb-lineage Alu elements are polymorphic for insertion presence/absence in the human genome. Fewer than 0.5 per cent of the Yb loci also demonstrate insertions at orthologous positions in non-human primate genomes. Genomic sequencing of these unusual loci demonstrates that each of the orthologous loci from non-human primate genomes contains older Y, Sg and Sx Alu family members that have been altered, through various mechanisms, into Yb8 sequences. These data suggest that Alu Yb-lineage subfamily members are largely restricted to the human genome. The high copy number, level of insertion polymorphism and estimated age indicate that members of the Alu Yb elements will be useful in a wide range of genetic analyses.

For the purpose to make available reliable standards of {sup 177}Lu to the users and producers, a radionuclide solution was standardized using the primary methods of coincidence 4{pi}{beta}(PC)-{gamma}(NaI(Tl)) and of 4{pi}{beta}(LS)-{gamma}(NaI(Tl)). The results presented a convergence in the range of evaluated uncertainties. The standard uncertainties were of the 0.50 and 0.74% for the anticoincidence and coincidence respectively

In "Fujino Sensei," Lu Xun wrote that in his first lecture on anatomy, osteology Professor Fujino talked about the history of anatomy in Japan; although Lu Xun's extant lecture notes do not show any mention of Fujino's comments on the history of anatomy. However, since the lecture notes of senior students mention the history of anatomy, we do not find any reason to assume that Lu Xun did not hear about the history of anatomy in the lecture. Furthermore, the timetable of lectures indicates that the first lecture of anatomy was attributed to Professor Fujino. It is concluded that the description of the first anatomical lecture in "Fujino Sensei" was written based on Lu Xun's actual experience. The lecture on the history of anatomy which Lu Xun heard was made by Professor Fujino; probably based on a lecture by Professor Shikinami which was recorded in the notes of Saito Ryusho, a student who was three years senior to Lu Xun.

LuF[SeO3] is a compound that can easily be obtained by a solid-state reaction of Lu2O3, LuF3, and SeO2 with CsBr as the fluxing agent. The outstanding property of LuF[SeO3] is the appearance of two phase transitions within a range of less than 200 K. With an increase in the coordination number for Lu(3+) from 7 to 8, the triclinic room-temperature modification changes at temperatures below -40 °C to the monoclinic low-temperature or high-pressure phase of LuF[SeO3]. At the same time, room-temperature modification retains the structure but gains higher symmetry at the second phase transition of around +110 °C. This second transition can even be observed under a microscope using polarized light to see twinning lamellae disappear and reappear during this reversible process.

The level statistics of the even-even Yb isotopes are studied by using the energy levels calculated by the projected shell model. The spectrum of intrinsic states and band energies are also studied to discuss the generation of chaoticity. The energy dependence of the chaoticity is investigated, and a chaos to order transition is found.

Coherent combining is demonstrated in a clad pumped Yb doped double core fiber laser. A slope efficiency of more than 70 % is achieved with 96 % of the total output power on the fundamental mode of one of the two cores. This high combining efficiency is obtained when both cores are coupled via a biconical fused taper in a Michelson interferometer configuration.

This work deals with the investigation of the optical properties of epitaxial YAG:Yb films and their suitability as gain media for thin disk lasers. Epitaxial films of YAG:Yb were grown by the liquid phase epitaxy method in air on the (111)-oriented YAG substrates. The thickness of the grown layers was from 30 to 260 {mu}m. The melt composition was varied to obtain the desired doping level from 10 to 15% and to optimize the optical properties. The best epitaxial films were colourless and had an Yb{sup 3+} luminescence lifetime of more than 950 {mu}s, which is very close to the intrinsic lifetime of the Yb ions in the bulk YAG single crystals. These films were tested in a thin disk laser setup with 24 absorption passes of the 940 nm pumping beam. The maximum output power at 1.03 {mu}m wavelength in CW operation reached more than 60 W and the optical efficiency was close to 30%. (copyright 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim) (orig.)

A diode-pumped Yb:KYW planar waveguide laser, single-mode Q-switched by evanescent-field interaction with graphene, is demonstrated for the first time. Few-layer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition is transferred onto the top of a guiding layer, which initiates stable Q-switched operation in

Photoemission spectra are measured for Yb covered surface of wet-chemically-etched H-Si (111). The results reveal that the lattice structure of the H-Si (111) surface is stable against the deposition of Yb atoms. X-ray photoemission spectra indicate the formation of a polarized (dipole) surface layer, with the silicon negatively charged. Ultraviolet photoemission spectra exhibit the semiconducting property of the interface below one monolayer coverage. Work function variation during the formation of the Yb/H-Si (111) interface is measured by the secondary-electron cutoff in the ultraviolet photoemission spectral line. The largest decrease of work function is～1.65eV. The contributions of the dipole surface layer and the band bending to the work function change are determined to be～1.15eV and～0.5eV,respectively. The work function of metal Yb is determined to be～2.8040.05eV.

A spectroscopic study of 22 rare-earth-ion doped ZBLAN (fluorozirconate) glass was done to study feasibility of sensitizing Tm:ZBLAN with Yb to facilitate development of an efficient, conveniently pumped blue upconversion fiber laser. it was found that, under single-color pumping, 480 nm emission from Tm{sup 3+} was strongest when Yb,Tm:ZBLAN is excited at 975 nm; the strongest blue blue emission was obtained from a glass sample with 2.0 wt% Yb + 0.3 wt% Tm. Also, for weak 975 nm pump intensities, strength of blue upconversion emission can be greatly enhanced by simultaneously pumping at 785 nm. This increased upconversion efficiency is due to reduced number of energy transfer steps needed to populate the Tm{sup 3+} {sup 1}G{sub 4} energy level. Measurements of fluorescence lifetimes vs dopant concentration were also made for Yb{sup 3+}, Tm{sup 3+}, and Pr{sup 3+} transitions in ZBLAN in order to better characterize concentration quenching effects. Energy transfer between Tm{sup 3+} and Pr{sup 3+} in ZBLAN is also described.

Because productive infection by parvoviruses requires cell division and is enhanced by oncogenic transformation, some parvoviruses may have potential utility in killing cancer cells. To identify the parvovirus(es) with the optimal oncolytic effect against human glioblastomas, we screened 12 parvoviruses at a high multiplicity of infection (MOI). MVMi, MVMc, MVM-G17, tumor virus X (TVX), canine parvovirus (CPV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), rat parvovirus 1A (RPV1A), and H-3 were relatively ineffective. The four viruses with the greatest oncolytic activity, LuIII, H-1, MVMp, and MVM-G52, were tested for the ability, at a low MOI, to progressively infect the culture over time, causing cell death at a rate higher than that of cell proliferation. LuIII alone was effective in all five human glioblastomas tested. H-1 progressively infected only two of five; MVMp and MVM-G52 were ineffective in all five. To investigate the underlying mechanism of LuIII's phenotype, we used recombinant parvoviruses with the LuIII capsid replacing the MVMp capsid or with molecular alteration of the P4 promoter. The LuIII capsid enhanced efficient replication and oncolysis in MO59J gliomas cells; other gliomas tested required the entire LuIII genome to exhibit enhanced infection. LuIII selectively infected glioma cells over normal glial cells in vitro. In mouse models, human glioblastoma xenografts were selectively infected by LuIII when administered intratumorally; LuIII reduced tumor growth by 75%. LuIII also had the capacity to selectively infect subcutaneous or intracranial gliomas after intravenous inoculation. Intravenous or intracranial LuIII caused no adverse effects. Intracranial LuIII caused no infection of mature mouse neurons or glia in vivo but showed a modest infection of developing neurons.

Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) are cancers usually observed and arisen in the stomach, intestine, pancreas and breathing system. Recently, radionuclide therapy applications with Lu-177 peptide compound are rapidly growing; especially effective clinical results are obtained in the treatment of well-differentiated and metastatic NET. In this treatment, Lu-177-DOTA, a beta emitter radioisotope in the radiopharmaceutical form, is given to the patient by intravenous way. Lu-177 has also gamma rays apart from beta rays. Gamma rays have 175 keV average energy and these gamma rays should be under the control in terms of radiation protection. In this study, we measured the exposure dose from the Lu-177 patient.

The 176Lu-176Hf isotopic system is widely used for dating and tracing cosmochemical and geological processes, but still suffers from two uncertainties. First, Lu-Hf isochrons for some early Solar System materials have excess slope of unknown origin that should not be expected for meteorites with ages precisely determined with other isotopic chronometers. This observation translates to an apparent Lu decay constant higher than the one calculated by comparing ages obtained with various dating methods on terrestrial samples. Second, unlike the well constrained Sm/Nd value (to within 2%) for the chondritic uniform reservoir (CHUR), the Lu/Hf ratios in chondrites vary up to 18% when considering all chondrites, adding uncertainty to the Lu/Hf CHUR value. In order to better understand the Lu-Hf systematics of chondrites, we analyzed mineral fractions from the Richardton H5 chondrite to construct an internal Lu-Hf isochron, and set up a numerical model to investigate the effect of preferential diffusion of Lu compared to Hf from phosphate, the phase with the highest Lu-Hf ratio in chondrites, to other minerals. The isochron yields an age of 4647 ± 210 million years (Myr) using the accepted 176Lu decay constant of 1.867 ± 0.008 ×10-11yr-1. Combining this study with the phosphate fractions measured in a previous study yields a slope of 0.08855 ± 0.00072, translating to a 176Lu decay constant of 1.862 ± 0.016 ×10-11yr-1 using the Pb-Pb age previously obtained, in agreement with the accepted value. The large variation of the Lu/Hf phosphates combined with observations in the present study identify phosphates as the key in perturbing Lu-Hf dating and generating the isochron slope discrepancy. This is critical as apatite has substantially higher diffusion rates of rare earth elements than most silicate minerals that comprise stony meteorites. Results of numerical modeling depending of temperature peak, size of the grains and duration of the metamorphic event, show that

Lutetium (Lu) is a high atomic number material and readily interacts with X-rays, which makes it a good scintillation material. In this work, Lu-glass scintillators from the series xSm2O3: 25Lu2 O3: 10SiO2: 10CaO: (55- x)B2O3 (LuCSB) were synthesized at 1500 ° C by using a simple melt quenching technique. The influence of the Sm3+ ion on their physical, optical, photo-, X-rayand proton-induced properties has been characterized. The amorphous nature of the samples was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction. The density and the molar volume were found to be increased at higher concentrations of Sm3+. The X-ray- and the proton-induced emission spectra of the Sm3+:LuCSB glasses showed an intense reddish-orange emission around 604 nm (4G5/2 → 6H7/2), which matched the photoluminescence (PL) emission spectrum well. Among the prepared glasses, the 1.0-mol% Sm3+ ion-activated LuCSB glass exhibited the highest value of the characteristic emission parameters. The X-ray-induced luminescence of the LuCSB glass was also compared with that of a commercial bismuth germinate Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) crystal.

The Yb3+-doped double-clad fibers with novel inner cladding have been made by using MCVD process, solution-doping method and optical machining together. The laser power and slope efficiency of the fiber lasers are higher than 1.8W and 50% respectively.

Full Text Available Shell effects can play a prominent role in fission fragment mass distributions. For lighter systems in the region of A~180-200, mass distributions were generally expected to be symmetric. However, a recent experiment showed that fission of 180Hg following electron capture of 180Tl leads to an asymmetric mass split. Recent calculations by various groups indicate that the mechanism of asymmetric fission could be very different in this mass region compared to the actinide region. To investigate the role of shell effects in this mass region, we have measured the fission fragment mass distribution for the 13C+182W,176Yb reactions forming the compound nuclei 195Hg and 189Os respectively, at lab bombarding energies of 60, 63 and 66 MeV using the CUBE detector setup located at the ANU Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility. The experimental data were fitted with single and double Gaussian distributions. The results indicate an asymmetric mass split for 195Hg, whereas for 189Os, the mass distribution is well fitted with a single Gaussian distribution.

In the only book that completely covers ScreenOS, six key members of Juniper Network's ScreenOS development team help you troubleshoot secure networks using ScreenOS firewall appliances. Over 200 recipes address a wide range of security issues, provide step-by-step solutions, and include discussions of why the recipes work, so you can easily set up and keep ScreenOS systems on track. The easy-to-follow format enables you to find the topic and specific recipe you need right away.

Y-box binding protein (YB-1), known as a multifunctional cellular protein in various biological processes, was recently reported to be associated with liver fibrosis. The critical role of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in stimulating the transcription of fibrotic genes in fibroblasts have already been identified, however, whether and how YB-1 modulated liver fibrosis via TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway remains largely unknown. In our previous study, we proved that ectopic TGF-β was associated with YB-1 expression. Herein, by combining in vitro experiments in LX2 human hepatic stellate cells and in vivo studies by building CCl4 based mice liver fibrosis model, we showed that YB-1 and p-YB-1 were upregulated in liver fibrosis tissue, and YB-1 promoted the deposition of excess extracellular matrix. Mechanistically, Smad2, a key member in TGF-β signaling pathway, acted as a transcription factor that triggered YB-1 promoter, while on the other hand, p-YB-1 stabilized Smad2 by attenuating its ubiquitination. Knockdown of Smad2 could reduce YB-1 expression, which in turn shorter the half time of Smad2. Furthermore, the serine102 residue of YB-1 both affected its binding and stabilizing activity to Smad2. These finding demonstrated that YB-1 and Smad2 played as a positive feedback loop in promoting liver fibrosis. In conclusion, TGF-β signaling pathway may influence liver fibrosis by incorporating with YB-1, indicating that YB-1 could be a potential target for therapies against liver fibrosis.

The crystal structural parameters of Nd3+-doped rare earth orthotantalate GdxLul-xTaO4 (x =0.85) are determined by applying the Rietveld refinement to its X-ray diffraction,and its emission and excitation spectra at 77 K are analysed.The relativistic model of ab initio self-consistent DV-Xα method,which is applied to the cluster NdOs in GdxLu1-xTaO4,and the effective Hamiltonian model are used to investigate its spin-orbit and crystal-field parameters.The free-ions and crystal-field parameters are fitted to the experimental energy levels at 77 K with a root-mean-square deviation of 14.92 cm-1.According to the crystal-field calculations,96 levels of Nd3+ are assigned.Finally,the fitting results of free-ions and crystal-field parameters are compared with those already reported for Nd3+:YA1O3.The results indicate that the free-ion parameters are similar to those of the Nd3+ in GdxLu1-xTaO4 and YA1O3 hosts,and the crystal-field interaction of Nd3+ in GdxLu1-xTaO4 is stronger than that in YAlO3.

The 0.1 mol% Er3+ and 0-2 mol% Yb3+ codoped AI2O3 powders were prepared by the sol-gel method, and the phase structure, including only two crystalline types of doped AI2O3 phase, γ-(AI,Er, Yb)2O3 andO-(AI,Er, Yb)2O3, was detected at the sintering temperature of 1000. The visible and near infrared emissions properties depended strongly on the Yb3+ codoping, and the corresponding maximal peak intensities centered at about 523, 545, 660 and 1533 nm were obtained respectively for the 0.1 mol% Er3+ and 0.5 mol% Yb3+ codoped AI2O3 powders, which were composed of 0-(AI,Er, Yb)O3 and a smallamount of γ-(AI,Er, Yb)2O3 phases. The two-photon absorption process was responsible for the visible up-conversion emissions, and the one-photon absorption process was involved in the near infrared emissions of the Er3+-Yb3+ codoped AI2O3 powders.

The present article describes the preparation of β-emitter lutetium-177-labeled zirconia colloid and its preliminary physicochemical and biological evaluation of suitability for local radionuclide therapy. The new (177)Lu-labeled therapeutic radiopharmaceutical candidate was based on the synthesis mode of a previously described zirconia nanoparticle system. The size and shape of the developed radiopharmaceutical compound were observed through a scanning electron microscope and dynamic light scattering methods. The radiocolloid had a 1.7 μm mean diameter and showed high in vitro radiochemical and colloid size stability at room temperature and during the blood sera stability test. After the in vitro characterizations, the product was investigated in the course of the treatment of a spontaneously diseased dog veterinary patient's hock joint completed with single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging follow-up measurements and a dual-isotope SPECT imaging tests with conventional (99m)Tc-methanediphosphonic acid bone scintigraphy. In the treated dog, no clinical side-effects or signs of histopathological changes of the joints were recorded during the treatment. SPECT follow-up studies clearly and conspicuously showed the localization of the (177)Lu-labeled colloid in the hock joint as well as detectable but negligible leakages of the radiocolloid in the nearest lymph node. On the basis of biological follow-up tests, the orthopedic team assumed that the (177)Lu-labeled zirconia colloid-based local radionuclide therapy resulted in a significant and long-term improvement in clinical signs of the patient without any remarkable side-effects.

The dynamic viscosity of Al-Yb and Al-Ni-Yb superheated melts was measured using a torsional oscillation viscometer. The results show that the temperature dependence of viscosity fits the Arrhenius law well and the fitting factors are calculated. The amorphous ribbons of these alloys were produced by the melt spinning technique and the thermal properties were characterized by using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). E (the activation energy for viscous flow), which reflects the change rate of viscosity, has a good negative relation with the GFA in both Al-Yb and Al-Ni-Yb systems. However, there is no direct relation between liquidus viscosity (ηL) and GFA. The superheated fragility M can predict GFA in Al-Yb or Al-Ni-Yb alloy system.

@@ Yb3+-doped new gallium-lead-germanate glass is presented. Thermal stability, spectroscopic and laser performance parameters of the Yb3+-doped new gallium-lead-germanate glass are calculated. The results show that the Yb3+-doped new gallium-lead-germanate glass has good thermal stability (△T = 198 ℃), high stimulated emission cross section (0.79pm2), and long fluorescence lifetime (1.46ms). Compared with other Yb3+-doped glass hosts, the Yb3+-doped new gallium-lead-germanate glass has better laser performance parameters and laser properties, indicating that Yb3+-doped new gallium-lead-germanate glass is a promising laser material for short pulse generation in diode pumped lasers, short pulse generation tunable laser, high-peak power and high-average power lasers.

Reaction in ethanol of 3-hydroxymethylen-5-methylsalicylaldoxime (H3L) with CuCl2·2H2O and LnCl3·xH2O [Ln = La (1), Ce (2), Pr (3), Nd (4), Eu (5), Gd (6), Tb (7), Dy (8), Er (9), Yb (10), Lu (11), Ho (12)] allowed the synthesis of a family of hendecanuclear heterometallic copper(II)-lanthanide(III) clusters with general formula [Ln(III)3Cu(II)8(HL)6(μ4-O)2Cl6(H2O)8]Cl3 (1-12). According to the single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigation, the complexes are isomorphous and crystallize in the trigonal R32 group. The hendecanuclear cluster is formed by two tetrahedral μ4-oxo {Cu4} clusters assembled by three lanthanide ions sandwiched in between. Along the family, the separation between the {Cu4} moieties increases linearly from Lu to La in good correlation with ionic radius of the lanthanide ions. A comparative analysis of the magnetic data for the lanthanum (1) and lutetium (11) compounds shows the presence of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions within the μ4-oxo {Cu4} moieties. For the gadolinium (6) and terbium (7) compounds, the magnetic interactions between the lanthanide and the copper ions are found to be ferromagnetic. The dysprosium (8) compound exhibits single-molecule magnet behavior.

The rare earth-based zinc compounds RE{sub 13}Pd{sub 25+x}Zn{sub 28-x} (RE = Y, Ho-Lu) were synthesized from the elements in sealed niobium ampoules with a maximum reaction temperature of 1470 K followed by different annealing sequences. The structures of all compounds were refined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data, indicating substantial Zn/Pd mixing on one 8c and one 24g zinc site. Exemplarily, the homogeneity range of the solid solution Yb{sub 13}Pd{sub 25+x}Zn{sub 28-x} was manifested from samples of different starting compositions and five single crystal data sets. The RE{sub 13}Pd{sub 25+x}Zn{sub 28-x} structures are cubic, space group I anti 43m with lattice parameters ranging from 1295 to 1307 pm, as a function of the rare earth element and the Zn/Pd mixing. Hierarchically, one can derive the RE{sub 13}Pd{sub 25+x}Zn{sub 28-x} structures from the simple bcc packing. A group-subgroup scheme was developed for this new 4 x 4 x 4 tungsten superstructure which shows vacancy ordering and dumbbell formation. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements show diamagnetism for a Lu{sub 13}Pd{sub 29}Zn{sub 24} sample and Curie-Weiss paramagnetism for Tm{sub 13}Pd{sub 29}Zn{sub 24} down to 3 K.

Heat capacity and thermal expansion of LuB50 boride were experimentally studied in the 2-300 K temperature range. The data reveal an anomalous contribution to the heat capacity at low temperatures. The value of this contribution is proportional to the first degree of temperature. It was identified that this anomaly in heat capacity is caused by the effect of disorder in the LuB50 crystalline structure and it can be described in the soft atomic potential model (SAP). The parameters of the approximation were determined. The temperature dependence of LuB50 heat capacity in the whole temperature range was approximated by the sum of SAP contribution, Debye and two Einstein components. The parameters of SAP contribution for LuB50 were compared to the corresponding values for LuB66, which was studied earlier. Negative thermal expansion at low temperatures was experimentally observed for LuB50. The analysis of the experimental temperature dependence for the Gruneisen parameter of LuB50 suggested that the low-frequency oscillations, described in SAP mode, are responsible for the negative thermal expansion. Thus, the glasslike character of the behavior of LuB50 thermal characteristics at low temperatures was confirmed.

We have studied the influence of antiferromagnetic ordering on the local dielectric moments of the MnO5 and LuO7 polyhedra by measuring neutron powder-diffraction patterns of LuMnO3 at temperatures near T-N. We show that the coupling is weak, because the magnetic exchange coupling is predominantly i

A port-Hamiltonian formulation of the LuGre friction model is presented that can be used as a building block in the physical modelling of systems with friction. Based on the dissipation structure matrix of this port-Hamiltonian LuGre model, an alternative proof can be given for the passivity conditi

The patients with the neuroendocrine tumours (liver, spleen, etc.) often need treatment by the Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with 177Lu. The amount of 177Lu activity in the body of patients has to be known accurately for assessment of the dosimetry and for evaluation of the effectiveness of

Taking advantages of the broad emission bands of a Yb3+ doped calcium yttrium oxoborate (Yb:YCOB) crystal cut along the optimized direction out of principle planes with the maximum effective nonlinear coefficient, the self-frequency-doubled green light based on the self-frequency-doubling behavior of Yb:YCOB was achieved with a maximum output power of 710 mW at 523 nm.

Full Text Available BACKGROUND: The nucleic acid-binding protein YB-1, a member of the cold-shock domain protein family, has been implicated in the progression of breast cancer and is associated with poor patient survival. YB-1 has sequence similarity to LIN28, another cold-shock protein family member, which has a role in the regulation of small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs. Therefore, to investigate whether there is an association between YB-1 and sncRNAs in breast cancer, we investigated whether sncRNAs were bound by YB-1 in two breast cancer cell lines (luminal A-like and basal cell-like, and whether the abundance of sncRNAs and mRNAs changed in response to experimental reduction of YB-1 expression. RESULTS: RNA-immunoprecipitation with an anti-YB-1 antibody showed that several sncRNAs are bound by YB-1. Some of these were bound by YB-1 in both breast cancer cell lines; others were cell-line specific. The small RNAs bound by YB-1 were derived from various sncRNA families including miRNAs such as let-7 and miR-320, transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNAs and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA. Reducing YB-1 expression altered the abundance of a number of transcripts encoding miRNA biogenesis and processing proteins but did not alter the abundance of mature or precursor miRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: YB-1 binds to specific miRNAs, snoRNAs and tRNA-derived fragments and appears to regulate the expression of miRNA biogenesis and processing machinery. We propose that some of the oncogenic effects of YB-1 in breast cancer may be mediated through its interactions with sncRNAs.

Gd2O3:Yb3+ phosphor has been synthesized by the solid state reaction method with boric acid used as a flux. The resulting Gd2O3:Yb3+ phosphor was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), and photoluminescence and thermoluminescence. The results of the XRD show that obtained Gd2O3:Yb3+ phosphor has a cubic structure. The average crystallite sizes could...

State-of-the-art optical clocks with neutral atoms employ an optical lattice to tightly confine the atoms, enabling high-resolution spectroscopy and the potential for high-accuracy timekeeping. Interrogating many atoms simultaneously facilitates high measurement precision, but also yields high atomic density and the potential for cold collisions. To suppress these atom-atom interactions, the use of ultracold, spin-polarized fermions was proposed to exploit the Fermi suppression of s-wave collisions while freezing out higher-wave contributions. However, small collision shifts have been measured in Sr and Yb. For Sr, the shifts were attributed to s-wave interactions enabled by excitation inhomogeneity. Here, we report definitive experimental evidence and a quantitative theoretical treatment of p-wave collisions in Yb. We also demonstrate a novel suppression of the collisional frequency shift utilizing strong interactions in a two-dimensional optical lattice. Understanding these interactions and dynamics for two...

Hexagonal LuMnO3 manganite is a ferroelectric and strongly frustrated antiferromagnetic crystal. Strong coupling between lattice, electronic, and magnetic degrees of freedom makes it a promising electronic material. We have used femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy to study the interaction of electron excitations with lattice vibrations in real time. Optical excitation of a Mn d(x^2-y^2),(xy)->d(3z^2-r^2)transition served as the primary excitation step. With both pump and probe beam polarization perpendicular to the c axis, the probe reflectivity shows a sharp drop due to saturation of the transition, recovering on a timescale of 1 ps. We also observed displacive excitation of a coherent optical phonon vibration at 3.6 THz, which is assigned to an A1 symmetry mode involving Lu ion motion along the c axis. This mode was excited in longitudinal (LO) and transverse mode (TO) geometries. While the LO-TO frequency splitting is small (<0.1 THz), a remarkable phase reversal of the reflectivity curve was observed. This is attributed to a large linear electro-optic effect (Pockels effect), induced by the THz electric field associated with the LO mode.

Magnetic properties of the geometrically frustrated antiferromagnet HoB12 (with T N = 7.4 K) modified by substitution of magnetic Ho atoms through non-magnetic Lu ones are presented and discussed. In this case, in Ho1- x Lu x B12 solid solutions, both chemical pressure resulting from different Lu3+ and Ho3+ radii and magnetic dilution take place with increasing Lu content ( x) that change properties of the system. The received results show strong indication for the existence of a quantum critical point near x = 0.9, which separates the region of magnetic order (starting with HoB12 for x = 0) and the nonmagnetic region (ending with superconducting LuB12 for x = 1).

Optical fibers doped with Ytterbium-3+ have become increasingly common in fiber lasers and amplifiers. Yb-doped fibers provide the capability to produce high power and short pulses at specific wavelengths, resulting in highly effective gain media. However, little is known about the local structure, distribution, and chemical coordination of Yb3+ in the fibers. This information is necessary to improve the manufacturing process and optical qualities of the fibers. Five fibers doped with Yb3+ were studied using Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy (XANES), in addition to Yb3+ mapping. The Yb3+ distribution in each fiber core was mapped with 2D and 1D intensity scans, which measured X-ray fluorescence over the scan areas. Two of the five fibers examined showed highly irregular Yb3+ distributions in the core center. In four of the five fibers Yb3+ was detected outside of the given fiber core dimensions, suggesting possible Yb3+ diffusion from the core, manufacturing error, or both. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) analysis has so far proven inconclusive, but did show that the fibers had differing EXAFS spectra. The Yb3+ distribution mapping proved highly useful, but additional modeling and examination of fiber preforms must be conducted to improve XAS analysis, which has been shown to have great potential for the study of similar optical fi bers.

Full Text Available The human YB-1 protein plays multiple cellular roles, of which many are dictated by its binding to RNA and DNA through its Cold Shock Domain (CSD. Using molecular dynamics simulation approaches validated by experimental assays, the YB1 CSD was found to interact with nucleic acids in a sequence-dependent manner and with a higher affinity for RNA than DNA. The binding properties of the YB1 CSD were close to those observed for the related bacterial Cold Shock Proteins (CSP, albeit some differences in sequence specificity. The results provide insights in the molecular mechanisms whereby YB-1 interacts with nucleic acids.

The subject matter of this paper is the representation of the solution of the linear differential equation Y′ = AY - YB, Y(O) = Yo, in the form Y(t) = eΩ(t)Yo and the representation of the function Ω as a generalisation of the classical Magnus expansion.An immediate application is a new recursive algorithm for the derivation of the BakerCampbell-Hausdorff formula and its symmetric generalisation.

Passive mode locking of a diode-pumped Yb(3+):KYF(4) laser is demonstrated using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror. A high-stability, transform-limited pulse train with a repetition rate of 57 MHz is generated. Solitonlike pulses with maximum average output power of 250 mW, minimum pulse duration of 170 fs, and rms time jitter of 360 fs were obtained.

A high-optical-quality sample of Yb0.1Y1.7La0.2O3 ceramics is prepared using a recently developed technique of selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis of rare-earth-doped yttrium oxide nanopowder from acetate - nitrates of metals. Its optical and spectral characteristics are studied, and quasi-cw lasing at a wavelength of 1033 nm is achieved with a power of 7 W and a slope efficiency of 25%.

With the increasing utilization of nanomaterials, there is a growing concern for the potential environmental and health effects of them. To assess the environmental risks of nanomaterials, better knowledge about their fate and toxicity in plants are required. In this work, we compared the phytotoxicity of nanoparticulate Yb(2)O(3), bulk Yb(2)O(3), and YbCl(3)·6H(2)O to cucumber plants. The distribution and biotransformation of the three materials in plant roots were investigated in situ by TEM, EDS, as well as synchrotron radiation based methods: STXM and NEXAFS. The decrease of biomass was evident at the lowest concentration (0.32 mg/L) when exposed to nano-Yb(2)O(3), while at the highest concentration, the most severe inhibition was from YbCl(3). The inhibition was dependent on the actual amount of toxic Yb uptake by the cucumber plants. In the intercellular regions of the roots, Yb(2)O(3) particles and YbCl(3) were all transformed to YbPO(4). We speculate that the dissolution of Yb(2)O(3) particles induced by the organic acids exuded from roots played an important role in the phytotoxicity. Only under the nano-Yb(2)O(3) treatment, YbPO(4) deposits were found in the cytoplasm of root cells, so the phytotoxicity might also be attributed to the Yb internalized into the cells.

Gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) nanopowders doped with ytterbium ions (Yb:GGG) were synthesized with citric acid as a fuel via gel combustion method. The optimized conditions for preparing Yb3+:Gd3Ga5O12 nanopowders were discussed. The heat behavior, struc-ture and morphology of powders were analyzed with thermal analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectra (IR) and trans-mission electron microscope (TEM). TG-DTA analysis revealed that the weight loss of the precursor occured below 800 ℃ and its crystalli-zation temperature was 830.6 ℃. XRD and IR analysis showed that the precursor converted directly into pure GGG at a relatively lower tem-perature (900 ℃) without any other intermediate phase. The lattice constant was 1.2377 calculated by extrapolation method. TEM results in-dicated that the spherical powders showed good dispersity and had a relatively narrow size distribution with average particle size of approxi-mately 40-50 nm, which was favorable for good sinterability of Yb:GCG laser ceramic.

This paper provides the updated information on the level scheme of 172Yb nucleus studied via 171Yb(nth, γ) reaction using the gamma-gamma coincidence spectrometer at Dalat Nuclear Research Institute (Viet Nam). The latter is used because of its advantages in achieving the low Compton background as well as in identifying the correlated gamma transitions. We have detected in total the energies and intensities of 128 two-step gamma cascades corresponding to 79 primary transitions. By comparing the measured data with those extracted from the ENSDF library, 61 primary gamma transitions and corresponding energy levels together with 20 secondary gamma transitions are found to be the same as the ENSDF data. Beside that, 18 additional primary gamma transitions and corresponding energy levels plus 108 secondary ones are not found to currently exist in this library and they are therefore considered as the new data.

Transformation from Lu-based nanocrystals in hexagonal and cubic mixed phases to pure cubic phase was observed through adjusting the doping concentration of Mn2+. The mechanism for the phase transformation was discussed in detail. Studies on the time and frequency domain spectra indicated that the semi-pure red emissions in cubic Na5Lu9F32: 40%Mn2+, 20%Yb3+, 2%Ln3+(Ln=Er3+, Ho3+) nanocrystals were caused by a two-step energy transfer between Mn2+and Ln3+ions. After incorporating of Mn2+ions into the host lattices, the local symmetry around the luminescent ion was reduced, which induced the increase of radiative rates for transitions that were mainly contributed by electric dipole radiations. Considerable enhancements in upconversion and downconversion luminescence were accompanied. The result of the current study has great application potential in bioimaging and solar cells.%通过调控Mn2+的掺杂浓度,在镥基纳米晶体成功地实现了六方、四方混合相到纯四方相的相位转变,并详细讨论了其相变机理。时域和频域光谱的分析表明,立方相Na5Lu9F32：40%Mn2+,20%Yb3+,2%Ln3+(Ln=Er3+, Ho3+)纳米晶体内的准纯红色荧光发射主要由Mn2+和Ln3+之间的两步能量转移引起。 Mn2+掺杂后引起了发光离子附近局域对称性的降低,使得电偶极跃迁的辐射速率明显增加,进而导致了上转换、下转换荧光的极大增强。该研究结果在生物荧光成像、太阳能电池效率的提高方面具备潜在的、广阔的应用前景。

Heavy fermion systems are model systems to unravel the exciting physics around quantum-phase transitions. Studying these emergent phenomena necessitates the preparation of large and high-quality single crystals. We report on the optimization of the single crystal growth for two Yb-based quantum critical materials, YbRh{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and YbNi{sub 4}P{sub 2}. The prototype heavy-fermion system YbRh{sub 2}Si{sub 2} is situated extremely close to an unconventional antiferromagnetic (AF) quantum critical point (QCP). The AF ordering (T{sub N} = 70 mK) can be further lowered by chemically induced negative pressure using Ir-substitution. The QCP is reached for an Ir-substitution of x ∼ 0.1 in Yb(Rh{sub 1-x}Ir{sub x}){sub 2}Si{sub 2}. Here, we report on the optimization of the crystal growth of the substitution series as well as of the unsubstituted compound. We also report on our attempts to determine the melting point of YbRh{sub 2}Si{sub 2} and present a phase analysis of the molten compound. In the heavy fermion metal, YbNi{sub 4}P{sub 2}, a ferromagnetic (FM) transition at T{sub C} = 0.17 K was observed recently and a FM QCP is reached at x ∼ 0.1 in YbNi{sub 4}(P{sub 1-x}As{sub x}){sub 2}. We report on the crystal growth of YbNi{sub 4}P{sub 2} by Czochralski method out of a Ni-P flux from a levitated melt. The obtained crystals were characterized by Laue X-ray scattering, X-ray powder diffraction, EDX microprobe analysis and resistivity measurements.

Full Text Available The literature concerning the subcellular location of Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1, its abundance in normal and cancer tissues, and its prognostic significance is replete with inconsistencies. An explanation for this could be due in part to the use of different antibodies in immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent labeling of cells and tissues. The inconsistencies could also be due to poor resolution of immunohistochemical data. We analyzed two cohorts of breast tumours for both abundance and subcellular location of YB-1 using three different antibodies; two targeting N-terminal epitopes (AB-a and AB-b and another (AB-c targeting a C-terminal epitope. We also investigated stress-induced nuclear translocation of YB-1 in cell culture. We report that both AB-a and AB-c detected increased YB-1 in the cytoplasm of high-grade breast cancers, and in those lacking estrogen and progesterone receptors; however the amount of YB-1 detected by AB-a in these cancers is significantly greater than that detected by AB-c. We confirm our previously published findings that AB-b is also detecting hnRNP A1, and cannot therefore be used to reliably detect YB-1 by immunohistochemistry. We also report that AB-a detected nuclear YB-1 in some tumour tissues and stress treated cells, whereas AB-c did not. To understand this, cancer cell lines were analyzed using native gel electrophoresis, which revealed that the antibodies detect different complexes in which YB-1 is a component. Our data suggest that different YB-1 antibodies show different staining patterns that are determined by the accessibility of epitopes, and this depends on the nature of the YB-1 complexes. It is important therefore to standardize the protocols if YB-1 is to be used reproducibly as a prognostic guide for different cancers.

This review provides a comprehensive summary of the production of {sup 177}Lu to meet expected future research and clinical demands. Availability of options represents the cornerstone for sustainable growth for the routine production of adequate activity levels of {sup 177}Lu having the required quality for preparation of a variety of {sup 177}Lu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. The tremendous prospects associated with production of {sup 177}Lu for use in targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) dictate that a holistic consideration should evaluate all governing factors that determine its success. While both “direct” and “indirect” reactor production routes offer the possibility for sustainable {sup 177}Lu availability, there are several issues and challenges that must be considered to realize the full potential of these production strategies. This article presents a mini review on the latest developments, current status, key challenges and possibilities for the near future. A broad understanding and discussion of the issues associated with {sup 177}Lu production and processing approaches would not only ensure sustained growth and future expansion for the availability and use of {sup 177}Lu-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, but also help future developments.

The article is based on a research on the adsorption behavior and adsorption mechanism of macroporous phosphonic acid resin (PAR) for Lu3+ and the influence of the medium's pH, adsorption temperature, adsorption time, etc on adsorbing Lu3 + . The best value of medium's pH to the adsorption of PAR for Lu3 + was found to be 4.92. The static adsorption maximum capacity of PAR for Lu3 + is 220 mg· g-1. The thermodynamic adsorption parameters are respectively △H= 11.3 kJ·mol-1, △S =46.3 J·mol-1 ·K-1, △G = - 2.50 kJ·mol-1 and the apparent activity energy is Ea= 31.4 kJ· mol- 1. The adsorption behavior of PAR for Lu3 + obeys the Freundlich isotherm. The apparent adsorption rate constant is k298 = 4.68 × 10-5 s-1. The coordinate ratio of the functional radical to Lu3 + is approximately 4: 1. The best eluant is 1.0 mol· L- 1 HCl. The adsorption mechanism of PAR for Lu3 + was separately confirmed by chemical analysis and IR spectra.

Aluminum Garnet (LuAG) precursors were co-precipitated by using ethanol-water as the precipitant solvent. The effect of different volume ratios of ethanol to water (R) on the preparation of pure-phase LuAG powders has been mainly studied. The evolution of phase, composition and micro-structure of the as-synthesized LuAG powders were characterized by TG/DTA, FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM. The BET-equivalent diameter of LuAG nano particles increased with R. The ethanol-water solvent does not change the main composition of the LuAG precursors, but has great influence on the morphology of the final LuAG nano particles. Uniformly dispersed LuAG powders calcined at 1200 °C for 3 h with a particle size of approximately 120 nm were obtained by using ethanol-water solvent with proper R = 1. The mechanism of ethanol in the preparation process was discussed.

Lu2MnCoO6 is a new member of the multiferroics with coupling between net magnetization and net electric polarization. Similar to Ca3MnCoO6, an up-up-down-down order of the magnetic spins is found that breaks spatial-inversion symmetry and creates an electric polarization. Unlike Ca3MnCoO6, the Co and Mn ions are both in a S = 3/2 state, the ordering temperature is 42 K, and the magnetic field needed to suppress electric polarization is 2 T. We present an experimental study of the multiferroic properties and spin structure including neutron diffraction, electric polarization, magnetization, dielectric constant, and specific heat measurements.

High-spin states in {sup 165}Lu were populated in the {sup 139}La({sup 30}Si,4n) reaction at a beam energy of 152 MeV and {gamma}-ray coincidences were measured with the EUROBALL spectrometer array. Nine new rotational bands were discovered, known band structures were considerably extended and many inter-band transitions were found. Structures with normal deformation coexist with bands associated with the strongly deformed triaxial energy minima found in calculations. Three of these triaxial bands form a family of wobbling excitations with phonon quanta n{sub w}=0, 1 and 2. The wobbling mode is a unique signature of nuclear triaxiality. Configuration assignments are discussed for the observed band structures. An exchange of configuration between two of the new bands due to mixing is observed, resulting in different signature partnerships at low and high spins.

We present an imaging characterization of a 10 × 10 LuYAP array (2 × 2 × 10 mm3 pixels) with an innovative dielectric coating insulation (0.015 mm thick), in view of its possible use in a gamma camera for imaging positron emission tomography (PET) or in similar applications, e.g. as γ -prompt detector in hadron therapy. The particular assembly of this array was realized in order to obtain a packing fraction of 98%, improving detection efficiency and light collection. For imaging purpose, the array has been coupled with a selected Hamamatsu H10966-100 Multi Anode Photomultiplier read out by a customized 64 independent channels electronics. This tube presents a superbialkali photocathode with 38% of quantum efficiency, permitting to enhance energy resolution and consequently image quality. A pixel identification of about 0.5 mm at 662 keV was obtained, highlighting the potentiality of this detector in PET applications.

Os trigonum syndrome is the result of an overuse injury of the posterior ankle caused by repetitive plantar flexion stress. It is predominantly seen in ballet dancers and soccer players and is primarily a clinical diagnosis of exacerbated posterior ankle pain while dancing on pointe or demi-pointe or while doing push-off maneuvers. Symptoms may improve with rest or activity modification. Imaging studies, including a lateral radiographic view of the ankle in maximal plantar flexion, will typically reveal the os trigonum between the posterior tibial lip and calcaneus. If an os trigonum is absent on radiography, an MRI may reveal scar tissue behind the posterior talus, a condition associated with similar symptoms. Os trigonum syndrome is often associated with pathology of the flexor hallucis longus tendon. Treatment begins with nonsurgical measures. In addition to physical therapy, symptomatic athletes may need surgical excision of os trigonum secondary to unavoidable plantar flexion associated with their sport. This surgery can be performed using open or arthroscopic approaches.

Full Text Available Objective: Optimized production and quality control of ytterbium-175 (Yb-175 labeled pamidronate and alendronate complexes as efficient agents for bone pain palliation has been presented. Methods: Yb-175 labeled pamidronate and alendronate (175Yb-PMD and 175Yb-ALN complexes were prepared successfully at optimized conditions with acceptable radiochemical purity, stability and significant hydroxyapatite absorption. The biodistribution of complexes were evaluated up to 48 h, which demonstrated significant bone uptake ratios for 175Yb-PAM at all-time intervals. It was also detected that 175Yb-PAM mostly washed out and excreted through the kidneys. Results: The performance of 175Yb-PAM in an animal model was better or comparable to other 175Yb-bone seeking complexes previously reported. Conclusion: Based on calculations, the total body dose for 175Yb-ALN is 40% higher as compared to 175Yb-PAM (especially kidneys indicating that 175Yb-PAM is probably a safer agent than 175Yb-ALN.

This paper presents the synthesis of pure and europium-doped lutetium oxide (Lu2O3) powders prepared by sol-gel method. The influence of europium ion concentration into Lu2O3 nanocrystallites was investigated for first time in an in vitro system using a modified ABTS radical cation decolorization assay to determine the antioxidant activity. The crystalline structure of Lu2O3 and Eu:Lu2O3 powders was elucidated by XRD obtaining cubic phase in all system without secondary products in accordance with FT-IR results. By TEM and Scherrer equation, it was determined that Lu2O3 and Eu:Lu2O3 powders presented nearly spherical particle morphology with crystallites sizes in the range of 8 to 13nm. The antioxidant assays results revealed that europium ion enhance Lu2O3 powders antioxidant properties, showing that 12.5mol% of europium is sufficient to reach its maximum capacity.

Full Text Available In this work, the sol–gel method was used to prepare Ytterbium (Yb(sup3+)) doped ZnO nano-phosphors with different concentrations of Yb(sup3+) ions. Their structural, morphological, photoluminescence, electronic states and the chemical composition...

Magnetic and magnetocaloric (MCE) properties of Yb{sub 0.9}In{sub 0.1}MnO{sub 3} and Yb{sub 0.8}In{sub 0.2}MnO{sub 3} polycrystalline samples are presented in this paper. Isothermal magnetization measurements reveal a field induced magnetic transition. Magnetic entropy change of 2.34±0.35 J/mole-K for Yb{sub 0.9}In{sub 0.1}MnO{sub 3} and 2.64±0.38 J/mole-K for Yb{sub 0.8}In{sub 0.2}MnO{sub 3} field change ΔH =10 KOe is observed around the ferromagnetic ordering temperature of Yb{sup 3+}. Values of relative cooling power for the same field change are found to be 38.03±9 J /mol, and 40.90±10 J/mol for Yb{sub 0.9}In{sub 0.1}MnO{sub 3} and Yb{sub 0.8}In{sub 0.2}MnO{sub 3}, respectively. These values suggest In doped YbMnO{sub 3} may be a potential candidate for magnetic refrigerant at low temperatures.

Emission spectra and fluorescence lifetime of Er3+ in Yb3+/Er3+-codoped tungsten-tellurite glasses were measured. Effects of Yb3+concentration on 1.5μm emission intensity and bandwidth of Er3+ were investigated and a FWHM of 81 nm was demonstrated.

Anti-CD20 (Rituximab), a specific chimeric monoclonal antibody used in CD20-positive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, was conjugated to a bifunctional quelate (DOTA) and radiolabeled with {sup 177}Lu through a simple method. [{sup 177}Lu]-DOTA-anti-CD20 was obtained with a radiochemical purity higher than 97%, and showed good chemical and biological stability, maintaining its biospecificity to CD20 antigens. Monte Carlo simulation showed high doses deposited on a spheroid tumor mass model. This method seems to be an appropriate alternative for the production of [{sup 177}Lu]-DOTA-anti-CD20 as therapeutic radiopharmaceutical.

The feasibility study on the production of {sup 177}Lu radioisotope using a low power research reactor has been conducted. A reliable method for predicting the yield of {sup 177}Lu produced using the cyclic activation technique based on the Westcott formalism has been established. A specific activity of 243.24 mCi/g was obtained when a {sup 176}Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} of natural abundance was irradiated for 4 h and decayed for 20 h for four cycles at GHARR-1 with a neutron flux of 5.0x10{sup 11} ncm{sup -2} s{sup -1}.

The isotope 176Lu (2.6% of natural lutetium) decays by ??- to 176Hf, with a long half life. We present here the first Lu-Hf isochron. The eucrite meteorites, a suite of planetary igneous rocks of known age, 4,550 Myr, define a 10-point total-rock isochron with a slope of 0.0934 ?? 40, leading to a value of 3.53 ?? 0.14 ??1010yr for the ??--decay half life of 176Lu. The isochron intercept of 0.27973 ?? 12 gives the initial 176Hf/177Hf for the inner Solar System at the time of accretion. ?? 1980 Nature Publishing Group.

Yb(3+)-doped glass and glass ceramic containing ZnO nanocrystals were prepared by the melting-quenching method and subsequent heat treatment. Intense near-IR emission around 1000 nm that originated from the transition of Yb(3+):(2)F(5/2)→(2)F(7/2) was generated as a result of energy transfer from oxygen interstitials in ZnO nanocrystals to Yb(3+) with energy transfer efficiency of about 10%. The quantum yield for the near-IR emission of Yb(3+) under the excitation of 390 nm was about 16.7%. These materials have potential application in achieving high-efficiency Si solar cells via spectrum modification.

Full Text Available Phase relationships of the ternary Al-Cu-Yb system have been assessed using a combination of CALPHAD method and first principles calculations. A self-consistent thermodynamic parameter was established based on the experimental and theoretical information. Most of the binary intermetallic phases, except Al3Yb, Al2Yb, Cu2Yb and Cu5Yb, were assumed to be zero solubility in the ternary system. Based on the experimental data, eight ternary intermetallic compounds were taken into consideration in this system. Among them, three were treated as line compounds with large homogeneity ranges for Al and Cu. The others were treated as stoichiometric compounds. The calculated phase diagrams were in agreement with available experimental and theoretical data.

Yb3+, Tb3+ co-doped YPO4 inverse opal photonic crystal was prepared directly by sol-gel technique in combination with self-assembly method. With the influence of the photonic band gap, quantum cutting emission of Tb3+, Yb3+ was investigated in photonic crystals by photoluminescence and fluorescence lifetime. The result clearly shows that, when the spontaneous emission of donor Tb3+ is inhibited by photonic band gap, Tb3+-Yb3+ quantum cutting quantum efficiency from Tb3+ to Yb3+ could be enhanced from 131.2% to 140.5%. The mechanisms for the influence of the photonic band gap on quantum cutting process of Tb3+ and Yb3+ are discussed. We believe that the present work will be valuable for the foundational study of quantum cutting energy transfer process and application of quantum cutting optical devices in spectral modification materials for silicon solar cells.

Full Text Available Ytterbium oxide (Yb2O3 nanocrystals with different Eu3+ (1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% doped concentrations were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method, subsequently by calcination at 700°C. The crystal phase, size, and morphology of prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM. The results show that the as-prepared Yb2O3 nanocrystals with sheet- and tube-like shape have cubic phase structure. The Eu3+ doped Yb2O3 nanocrystals were revealed to have good down conversion (DC property and intensity of the DC luminescence can be modified by Eu3+ contents. In our experiment the 1% Eu3+ doped Yb2O3 nanocrystals showed the strongest DC luminescence among the obtained Yb2O3 nanocrystals.

The highly conserved, multifunctional YB-1 is a powerful breast cancer prognostic indicator. We report on a pervasive role for YB-1 in which it associates with thousands of nonpolyadenylated short RNAs (shyRNAs) that are further processed into small RNAs (smyRNAs). Many of these RNAs have previously been identified as functional noncoding RNAs (http://www.johnlab.org/YB1). We identified a novel, abundant, 3'-modified short RNA antisense to Dicer1 (Shad1) that colocalizes with YB-1 to P-bodies and stress granules. The expression of Shad1 was shown to correlate with that of YB-1 and whose inhibition leads to an increase in cell proliferation. Additionally, Shad1 influences the expression of additional prognostic markers of cancer progression such as DLX2 and IGFBP2. We propose that the examination of these noncoding RNAs could lead to better understanding of prostate cancer progression.

Multifunctional Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is actively studied as one of the components of cellular response to genotoxic stress. However, the precise role of YB-1 in the process of DNA repair is still obscure. In the present work we report for the first time new posttranslational modification of YB-1 - poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, catalyzed by one of the main regulatory enzymes of DNA repair - poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP1) in the presence of model DNA substrate carrying multiple DNA lesions. Therefore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of YB-1 catalyzed with PARP1, can be stimulated by damaged DNA. The observed property of YB-1 underlines its ability to participate in the DNA repair by its involvement in the regulatory cascades of DNA repair.

A Yb3+ doped LaF3 laser crystal was detailed investigated by both spectroscopic and thermal measurements. A peak absorption at 974 nm with FWHM broader than 60 nm makes the crystal suitable to InGaAs LDs. Fluorescence spectrum and calculated spectroscopic parameters show potential of Yb:LaF3 crystal to laser operations around 1009 nm. A relatively long fluorescence lifetime of 2.92 ms was detected for Yb3+:2F5/2 manifold. The thermal diffusivity and specific heat capacity in the range of 300-575 K were studied to calculate the thermal conductivity of Yb:LaF3. The results indicate that the Yb:LaF3 crystal is a good candidate for diode-pumped ∼1 μm solid-state laser applications.

Ternary orthorhombic aluminides of RT{sub 2}Al{sub 10} type (R:Ce, Yb, T: Fe, Ru, Os) are currently attracting much interest because of a number of exotic properties such as anomalously high magnetic ordering temperatures in CeRu{sub 2}Al{sub 10} and CeOs{sub 2}Al{sub 10}, and strongly hybridized Kondo insulating state in CeFe{sub 2}Al{sub 10}. The Fe-Al systems are of special interest because YFe{sub 2}Al{sub 10} is claimed being located close to a Fe-based ferromagnetic instability at very low temperature. Here pronounced non Fermi liquid (NFL) phenomena are observed. For YbRh{sub 2}Si{sub 2} this NFL behaviour is associated to strong ferromagnetic fluctuations (see {sup 29}Si NMR). Our spin relaxation study on YFe{sub 2}Al{sub 10} gives strong evidence for Fe based ferromagnetic fluctuations evolving towards low temperature in small fields. YbFe{sub 2}Al{sub 10} is a weak Kondo coupled heavy fermion system where no traces of Fe-magnetism could be found.

The compound Yb14MnSb11 is a p-type thermoelectric material of interest to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as a candidate replacement for the state-of-the-art Si-Ge used in current radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs). Ideally, the hot end of this leg would operate at 1000 C in the vacuum of space. Although Yb14MnSb11 shows the potential to double the value of the thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) over that of Si-Ge at 1000 C, it suffers from a high sublimation rate at elevated temperatures and would require a coating in order to survive the required RTG lifetime of 14 years. The purpose of the present work is to measure the sublimation rate of Yb14MnSb11 and to investigate sublimation suppression for this material. This paper reports on the sublimation rate of Yb14MnSb11 at 1000 C (approximately 3 x 10(exp -3) grams per square centimeter hour) and efforts to reduce the sublimation rate with an in situ grown Yb2O3 layer. Despite the success in forming thin, dense, continuous, and adherent oxide scales on Yb14MnSb11, the scales did not prove to be sublimation barriers.

In this work, we report the analysis of spectroscopic properties of waveguides fabricated by ion implantation in YAG doped with Yb{sup 3+} ions. Three emission bands were detected in the blue, green and red regions under 970-nm excitation. The strong blue-green emission can be explained by a cooperative process between ytterbium ion pairs, leading to emission centered at 514 nm. The additional blue bands as well as green and red emission bands are attributed to the presence of Tm{sup 3+} and Er{sup 3+} traces. The results include absorption and emission curves as well as decay time rates.

Nanoparticles that circulate in the bloodstream for a prolonged period of time have important biomedicine applications. However, no example of lanthanide-based nanoparticles having a long-term circulation bloodstream has been reported to date. Herein, we report on difunctional radioactive and upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) coated with polyphosphoric acid ligand, that is ethylenediamine tetramethylenephosphonic acid (EDTMP), for an application in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) blood pool imaging. The structure, size and zeta-potential of the EDTMP-coated nanoparticles (EDTMP-UCNP) are verified using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Injection of radioisotope samarium-153-labeled EDTMP-UCNP (EDTMP-UCNP:(153)Sm) into mice reveal superior circulation time compared to control nanoparticles coated with citric acid (cit-UCNP:(153)Sm) and (153)Sm complex of EDTMP (EDTMP-(153)Sm). The mechanism for the extended circulation time may be attributed to the adhesion of EDTMP-UCNP on the membrane of red blood cells (RBCs). In vivo toxicity results show no toxicity of EDTMP-UCNP at the dose of 100 mg/kg, validating its safety as an agent for blood pool imaging. Our results provide a new strategy of nanoprobe for a long-term circulation bloodstream by introducing polyphosphoric acid as surface ligand.

This final report is presented by Langston University (LU) for the project entitled "Langston University High Energy Physics" (LUHEP) under the direction of principal investigator (PI) and project director Professor Joel Snow. The project encompassed high energy physics research performed at hadron colliders. The PI is a collaborator on the DZero experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, IL, USA and the ATLAS experiment at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland and was during the entire project period from April 1, 1999 until May 14, 2012. Both experiments seek to understand the fundamental constituents of the physical universe and the forces that govern their interactions. In 1999 as member of the Online Systems group for Run 2 the PI developed a cross-platform Python-based, Graphical User Interface (GUI) application for monitoring and control of EPICS based devices for control room use. This served as a model for other developers to enhance and build on for further monitoring and control tasks written in Python. Subsequently the PI created and developed a cross-platform C++ GUI utilizing a networked client-server paradigm and based on ROOT, the object oriented analysis framework from CERN. The GUI served as a user interface to the Examine tasks running in the D\\O\\ control room which monitored the status and integrity of data taking for Run 2. The PI developed the histogram server/control interface to the GUI client for the EXAMINE processes. The histogram server was built from the ROOT framework and was integrated into the D\\O\\ framework used for online monitoring programs and offline analysis. The PI developed the first implementation of displaying histograms dynamically generated by ROOT in a Web Browser. The PI's work resulted in several talks and papers at international conferences and workshops. The PI established computing software infrastructure at LU and U. Oklahoma (OU) to do analysis of DZero production data and produce simulation

We have studied the influence of antiferromagnetic ordering on the local dielectric moments of the MnO5 and LuO7 polyhedra by measuring neutron powder-diffraction patterns of LuMnO3 at temperatures near TN. We show that the coupling is weak, because the magnetic exchange coupling is predominantly in the ab plane of the MnO5 trigonal bipyramids, and the electric dipole moments, originating in the LuO7 polyhedra, are oriented along the hexagonal c axis. Anomalies in the dielectric properties near TN are thus caused by the geometric constraints between the MnO5 and the LuO7 polyhedra.

Full Text Available The algorithms of numerical and symbolic analysis methods of linear chains of derivatives and LU-decomposition. An example of the calculation circuit functions using programs that implement the proposed algorithms.

Full Text Available We used oxide molecular-beam epitaxy in a composition-spread geometry to deposit hexagonal LuFeO3 (h-LuFeO3 thin films with a monotonic variation in the Lu/Fe cation ratio, creating a mosaic of samples that ranged from iron rich to lutetium rich. We characterized the effects of composition variation with x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. After identifying growth conditions leading to stoichiometric film growth, an additional sample was grown with a rotating sample stage. From this stoichiometric sample, we determined stoichiometric h-LuFeO3 to have a TN = 147 K and Ms = 0.018 μB/Fe.

Full Text Available Neuroendocrine tumours (NET are cancers usually observed and arisen in the stomach, intestine, pancreas and breathing system. Recently, radionuclide therapy applications with Lu-177 peptide compound are rapidly growing; especially effective clinical results are obtained in the treatment of well-differentiated and metastatic NET. In this treatment, Lu-177-DOTA, a beta emitter radioisotope in the radiopharmaceutical form, is given to the patient by intravenous way. Lu-177 has also gamma rays apart from beta rays. Gamma rays have 175 keV average energy and these gamma rays should be under the control in terms of radiation protection. In this study, we measured the exposure dose from the Lu-177 patient.

We used oxide molecular-beam epitaxy in a composition-spread geometry to deposit hexagonal LuFeO{sub 3} (h-LuFeO{sub 3}) thin films with a monotonic variation in the Lu/Fe cation ratio, creating a mosaic of samples that ranged from iron rich to lutetium rich. We characterized the effects of composition variation with x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry. After identifying growth conditions leading to stoichiometric film growth, an additional sample was grown with a rotating sample stage. From this stoichiometric sample, we determined stoichiometric h-LuFeO{sub 3} to have a T{sub N} = 147 K and M{sub s} = 0.018 μ{sub B}/Fe.

Full Text Available The present article interprets the symbolic elements in Lu Xun’s short stories which have been neglected in earlier studies about Lu Xun. I intend to show that the most obvious symbols in his fiction, like the iron room, the cannibalism, etc., have their counter balance in the animal symbols present in his work. Following this idea, I will focus on his less famous stories, such as A Comedy of Ducks and Some Rabbits and a Cat.

In this paper, we investigated the scintillation properties of LuI3:Ce3+. Radioluminescence, light output, energy resolution, and γ-scintillation decay are reported. We find an extremely high light output of 98 000±10 000 photons/MeV. LuI3:Ce3+ also gives a very high electron-hole (e-h) pair respons

Full Text Available Objective(s:Lutetium-177 can be made with high specific activity and with no other isotopes of lutetium present, referred to as “No Carrier Added” (NCA 177Lu. We have radiolabelled DOTA-conjugated peptide DOTA‐(Tyr3‐octreotate with NCA 177Lu (“NCA-LuTATE” and used it in nearly 40 therapeutic administrations for subjects with neuroendocrine tumours or meningiomas. In this paper, we report on our initial studies on aspects of the biodistribution and dosimetry of NCA-LuTATE from gamma camera 2D whole body (WB and quantitative 3D SPECT (qSPECT 177Lu imaging. Methods: Thirteen patients received 39 NCA-LuTATE injections. Extensive WB planar and qSPECT imaging was acquired at approximately 0.5, 4, 24 and 96 h to permit estimates of clearance and radiation dose estimation using MIRD-based methodology (OLINDA-EXM. Results:The average amount of NCA-Lutate administered per cycle was 7839±520 MBq. Bi-exponential modelling of whole body clearance showed half lives for the fast & slow components of t½=2.1±0.6 h and t½=58.1±6.6 h respectively. The average effective dose to kidneys was 3.1±1.0 Gy per cycle. In eight patients completing all treatment cycles the average total dose to kidneys was 11.7±3.6 Gy. Conclusions: We have shown that NCA-LuTATE has an acceptable radiation safety profile and is a suitable alternative to Carrier-Added 177Lu formulations. The fast component of the radiopharmaceutical clearance was closely correlated with baseline renal glomerular filtration rate, and this had an impact on radiation dose to the kidneys. In addition, it has less radioactive waste issues and requires less peptide per treatment.

@@ Yb-doped TiO2 pastes with different Yb/TiO2 weight ratios are prepared in the sol-gel process to obtain dyesensitized solar cells (DSCs). The nanocrystalline size of Yb-TiO2 becomes smaller and the lattice parameters change. Lattice distortion is observed and dark current is detected. It is found that a part of Yb existing as insulating oxide Yb2Oa state acts as barrier layers at the electrode-electrolyte interface to suppress charge recombination. A Yb-doped TiO2 electrode applied in DSCs leads to a higher open-circuit voltage and a higher fill factor. How the Yb-doped TiO2 films affect the photovoltaic response of DSCs is discussed.

Phosphate glass samples with various Yb2O3 and Er2O3 contents were synthesized by the conventional melt quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction,IR absorption spectroscopy and Raman scattering spectroscopy.The absorption,emission spectra and fluorescence decay studies were carried out both at low and room temperatures.Results showed the existence of several sites occupied by the rare earth ions in the phosphate glass.Up-conversion and cooperative fluorescence were also discussed.

LuAlO/sub 3/:Ce/sup 3+/ (LuAP) and Lu/sub x/Y/sub 1/-xAlO/sub 3/:Ce /sup 3+/ (LuYAP) crystals are used as scintillation materials for positron emission tomography. The actual study of these scintillators develops in three directions: (i) growth of large size LuAP crystals with stable properties, (ii) the relationship between the composition of LuYAP crystals and scintillation properties, and (iii) scintillation mechanisms in lutetium compounds. After improving of growth conditions a large size samples (length >40 mm) have been prepared. Crystals show a good correlation between growth parameters, light yield and transmission spectra. We studied a series of samples with calibrated size (2*2*10 mm3) and compare the light yield with standard BGO and LSO samples. Mixed crystals with composition of 0.6

Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using radiolabeled somatostatin analogs has become an established procedure for the treatment of patients suffering from inoperable neuroendocrine cancers over-expressing somatostatin receptors. Success of PRRT depends on the availability of the radiolabeled peptide with adequately high specific activity, so that required therapeutic efficacy can be achieved without saturating the limited number of receptors available on the target lesions. Specific activity of the radionuclide and the radiolabeled somatostatin analog are therefore an important parameters. Although these analogs have been investigated and improved, and successfully applied for PRRT for more than 15 years, there are still many possibilities for further improvements that fully exploit PRRT with 177Lu-DOTA-TATE. The here summarized data presented herein on increased knowledge of the components of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE (especially the purity of 177Lu and specific activity of 177Lu) and the reaction kinetics during labeling 177Lu-DOTA-TATE clearly show that the peptide dose and dose in GBq can be varied. Here we present an overview of the development, formulation and optimisation of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE, mainly addressing radiochemical parameters.

The correlation between the magnon scattering and the magnetic symmetries of hexagonal RMnO3 (R = Er, Ho) thin films and LuMnO3 single crystal was studied through the 2D Correlation Spectroscopy (2D COS) and Perturbation-Correlation Moving Window 2D (PCMW2D) Correlation Spectroscopy which were performed on the temperature-dependent Raman spectra of RMnO3 (R = Er, Ho, Lu). From the Raman spectra, we observed much stronger intensity and more asymmetrical magnon peak in LuMnO3 single crystal than in ErMnO3 and HoMnO3 thin films. While the ratio between magnon and phonon's linewidth of LuMnO3 and HoMnO3 display an anomalous behavior, that ratio of ErMnO3 is almost stable. The result from PCMW2D also supports these results. In addition, our 2D COS analysis showed that there are more overlap peaks in broad four-spin flipping magnon peak in LuMnO3 than that in ErMnO3 and HoMnO3. The differences of hexagonal RMnO3 (R = Er, Ho, Lu) in magnon scattering are very similar to the actual differences of the magnetic symmetries of these compounds. Therefore, we suggest that the magnon scattering of hexagonal RMnO3 is strongly correlated with the magnetic symmetries of these materials.

β-YbAlB4 is the first Yb based heavy fermion superconductor and has a non Fermi Liquid behavior in the normal state that develops without external tuning by pressure or doping, making it intrinsically quantum critical [1]. Application of a magnetic field is found to drive the development of a Fermi Liquid in which the Fermi temperature is determined by the Zeeman energy [2]. Here we present a theory for the intrinsic quantum criticality in which the main ingredient is an anisotropic hybridization matrix with line nodes in momentum space that carry a vorticity and resemble topological defects. Our theory predicts that the application of a field induces a novel Lifshitz transition, in which a quasi-two dimensional Fermi Liquid with density of states N^*(B) 1/√B nucleates around the line node in momentum space. We also discuss how the vortex metal picture can account for the ESR anomalies observed in this system [3]. 0.3truein [1] S. Nakatsuji et al., Nature Phys. 4, 603 (2008). [2] Y. Matsumoto et al., Science 21, 316 (2011). [3] L. M. Holanda et al., Phys Rev. Lett. 107, 026402 (2011).

Full Text Available Nanometric size (Ba, Yb doped ceria powders with fluorite-type structure were obtained by applying selfpropagating room temperature methods. Tailored composition was: Ce0.95−xBa0.05YbxO2−δ with fixed amount of Ba − 0.05 and varying Yb content “x” from 0.05 to 0.2. Powder properties such as crystallite and particle size and lattice parameters have been studied. Röntgen diffraction analyses (XRD were used to characterize the samples at room temperature. Also, high temperature treatment (up to 1550°C was used to follow stability of solid solutions. The mean diameters of the nanocrystals are determined from the full width at half maxima (FWHM of the XRD peaks. It was found that average diameter of crystallites is less than 3 nm. WilliamsonHall plots were used to separate the effect of the size and strain in the nanocrystals.

Up-conversion (Gd,Yb,Tb)PO4 materials and their potential for bimodal imaging have received little attention in the literature. Herein, we report the first study on the up-conversion emission of (Gd,Yb,Tb)PO4 nanocrystals synthesized via a hydrothermal method at 150 °C. These materials exhibit ultraviolet, blue and green up-conversion emissions upon excitation with a 980 nm continuous wave laser diode. The intensity of the blue-emission band at 479 nm, ascribed to the cooperative up-conversion emission of a pair of excited Yb3+ ions, depends on the Yb3+/Tb3+ concentration ratio, calcination temperature and particle size. Strong green up-conversion emission of Tb3+ is observed at 543 nm for the 5D4 --> 7F5 transition. Relaxometry measurements reveal that the nanocrystals are efficient T2-weighted (negative) contrast agents which, combined with visible-light emission generated by infrared excitation, affords them considerable potential for being used in bimodal, photoluminescence-magnetic resonance, imaging.Up-conversion (Gd,Yb,Tb)PO4 materials and their potential for bimodal imaging have received little attention in the literature. Herein, we report the first study on the up-conversion emission of (Gd,Yb,Tb)PO4 nanocrystals synthesized via a hydrothermal method at 150 °C. These materials exhibit ultraviolet, blue and green up-conversion emissions upon excitation with a 980 nm continuous wave laser diode. The intensity of the blue-emission band at 479 nm, ascribed to the cooperative up-conversion emission of a pair of excited Yb3+ ions, depends on the Yb3+/Tb3+ concentration ratio, calcination temperature and particle size. Strong green up-conversion emission of Tb3+ is observed at 543 nm for the 5D4 --> 7F5 transition. Relaxometry measurements reveal that the nanocrystals are efficient T2-weighted (negative) contrast agents which, combined with visible-light emission generated by infrared excitation, affords them considerable potential for being used in bimodal

{sup 170}Yb- and {sup 57}Fe-Mössbauer spectra are reported for orthorhombic phase manganites YbMnO{sub 3} and Yb({sup 57}Fe{sub 0.005}Mn{sub 0.995})O{sub 3}, respectively. Point charge model estimates of the electric field gradient agree well with experimental {sup 57}Fe-Mössbauer results in terms of both sign and magnitude of the electric quadrupole interaction strength, and the orientation of the magnetic hyperfine field is consistent with an E-type antiferromagnetic order where Mn moments are aligned along the a-axis (Pnma notation). The {sup 170}Yb-Mössbauer spectra exhibit pure quadrupole splitting down to 1.8 K, contradicting an earlier report that the Yb sub-lattice orders in it own right at T{sub Yb} ≈ 4 K. Nevertheless, there is a slight increase in line broadening with decreasing temperature, probably due to the weak magnetic exchange field arising out of the ordered Mn sub-lattice. The small variation with temperature of the quadrupole interaction strength suggests that the Yb{sup 3+} electronic ground state is a well-isolated Kramers doublet.

YbAl3(BO3)4 crystal of good optical quality was grown by the flux method. The structure of YbAl3(BO3)4 crystal was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The experiment shows that YbAl3(BO3)4 belongs to the double borates with a trigonal structure. The space group is R32 and its unit cell constants were measured to be a=0.92965 nm, c=0.72129 nm, V=0.53673 nm3, Z=3. The transmittance spectra were measured. The cut-off of YbAl3(BO3)4 crystal is 216 nm, and there are two absorption peaks located at 940 and 975 nm from 190 nm to 2600 nm. The thermal properties of YbAl3(BO3)4 crystal were studied for the first time. The average thermal expansion coefficients were determined to be 2×10-6/℃, 9.5×10-6/℃ along a- and c- direction. The specific heat of YbAl3(BO3)4 crystal was measured to be 0.6695 J·(g·℃)-1 at room temperature. All results indicate that the YbAl3(BO3)4 crystal is an excellent stoichioimetric laser material.

Yb3+ complexes with two nitrilotriacetic acid molecules were prepared and their compositions were determined as K3[Yb(nta)2(H2O)]*5H2O and Na3[Yb(nta)2]*6H2O by elemental analyses. Their structures were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. In complex K3[Yb(nta)2(H2O)]*5H2O, the YbN2O7 part forms a nine-coordinate monocapped square antiprismatic structure. In complex Na3[Yb(nta)2]*6H2O, the YbN2O6 part forms an eight-coordinate square antiprismatic structure. It can be seen that the outer cations (K+ and Na+) greatly affect the coordination number and coordinate structure from these results.

In this study, Yb-doped ZnSe nanoparticles were synthesized by co-reduction method at 150 degrees C and pH = 12 for 24 h. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Powder XRD patterns indicated that the Yb(x)Zn(1-x)Se crystals (x = 0.00-0.10) are isostructural with ZnSe. SEM and TEM images confirmed doping of Yb3+ into the lattice of ZnSe nanoparticles. The UV-Vis diffuse reflectance characteristics of the Yb-doped ZnSe samples were quite similar to that of the undoped sample and showed a strong photoabsorption at visible light range. The electrical conductivity of Yb-doped ZnSe nanomaterials was higher than pure ZnSe at room temperature, and increased with temperature. The photocatalytic activity of synthesized nanoparticles was investigated by the degradation of Orange II solution under visible light irradiation. It was observed that the color removal efficiency of Yb-doped ZnSe catalyst was much higher than that of pure ZnSe (26.28 and 77.10% after 120 min of treatment for ZnSe and Yb(0.06)Zn(0.94)Se, respectively). The results demonstrated the good photocatalytic ability of synthesized nanoparticles under visible light. Also, it was revealed that the decolorization efficiency of Orange II over Yb-doped ZnSe increased with increasing Yb loading up to 6 mol% and then decreased.

Highlights: • Optimization of intergrain connections has been obtained by Yb doping. • Changes of the grain boundary structures after doping have been observed by HRTEM. • Flux pinning mechanism change with Yb doping has been analyzed and explained. • Improved critical current density has been obtained by proper amount of Yb doping. - Abstract: Polycrystalline bulks Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2−x}Yb{sub x}CaCu{sub 2.0}O{sub 8+δ} (Bi-2212) with Yb doping content of x = 0, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.05) were fabricated by solid state sintering process. Bi-2212 precursor powders were synthesized by modified co-precipitation process, and Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3} powders were added into the precursor powders during the calcination process as dopants. The influences of Yb substitution on the lattice parameter, microstructure and related superconducting properties were systematically investigated. The amorphous components within the grain boundaries were observed with HRTEM, which contributed to the formation of weak links. Therefore, both the decreasing number of porosity and better crystallized grain boundary structure after Yb doping obviously enhanced the intergrain connections. Meanwhile, doping of Yb ions into Bi-2212 matrix also contributed to the enhancement of point pining, thus lead to the improvement of in-field critical current density. Based on the enhancements of both intergrain connections and flux pinning properties, improvement of critical current density was obtained with the optimal doping content of x = 0.02.

are similar among grains having radii larger than 1.3 mm (weighted mean: 2714±6 Ma2714±6 Ma; 2 s.d.) and up to 20 Myr younger for finer fractions. In contrast, Sm–Nd dates are equal to or younger than the 2641–2637 Ma age of peak metamorphism. The roles of concurrently digested inclusions and core–rim Lu......To investigate the systematics of the 176Lu–176Hf and 147Sm–143Nd garnet chronometers, we performed REE and isotope analyses on garnet crystals of different size (0.55–3.1 mm radius) from a single granulite specimen (Archean Pikwitonei Granulite Domain, Manitoba, Canada). The Lu–Hf dates....../Sm fractionation are quantitatively evaluated and excluded as causes for the observed age heterogeneity. Instead, the isotope dates are interpreted to reflect partial loss of radiogenic 176Hf and 143Nd, and are used to constrain the systematics of the garnet chronometers at high temperature. The data constrain...

Ca1-XYbXF2+X crystals were grown by two different methods: simple melting under CF{4} atmosphere and laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) method under Ar atmosphere. Spectroscopic characterization has been carried out to separate different crystallographic site in Ca1-XYbXF2+X crystals and to identify Stark's levels of Yb3+ transitions. Experimental decay time dependence of Yb3+ concentration was analyzed by using concentration gradient fiber in order to understand concentration quenching mechanisms. Energy transfer to unexpected rare earth impurities observed by up-conversion emission spectra in visible region under IR Yb3+ ion pumping seems to be an efficient process.

Graphical abstract: Display Omitted Research highlights: > The optical properties of Yb{sup 3+}-doped phosphate glasses exhibit better laser performance parameters. > The OH{sup -} concentration in glasses increases with increase of Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3} concentration. > The quenching of lifetime is purely diffusion limited at lower Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3} concentration. > The lifetime of {sup 2}F{sub 5/2} is proportional to inter-ionic distance between Yb{sup 3+} ions. - Abstract: Ytterbium-doped phosphate glasses have been prepared and studied their spectroscopic properties through absorption, emission and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral studies and time-resolved luminescence decay curves. The absorption cross-section has been found to vary with the variation of Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3} concentration. The results of the FTIR spectra show that the OH{sup -} content is increasing with increase of the Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3} concentration in these glasses. The decay curves of the {sup 2}F{sub 5/2} level of Yb{sup 3+} ions exhibit a single exponential nature for all the concentrations. The lifetimes of the {sup 2}F{sub 5/2} level of Yb{sup 3+} ions decreases from 1.04 to 0.27 ms when the Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3} concentration is increased from 0.1 to 6.0 mol%. The quenching of lifetimes has been found to vary directly with the inter-ionic distance between the Yb{sup 3+} ions. The concentration quenching of the lifetime has been analyzed using different energy transfer processes and no evidence of cooperative luminescence of Yb{sup 3+} ions has been found in these glasses, which reveals that the present glasses are useful for photonic device applications. The laser performance properties have also been evaluated for these glasses and compared with those of other reported Yb{sup 3+}-doped glass systems.

A model for Yb3+-sensitized Er3+-doped silica waveguide amplifiers is described and numerically investigated in the small-signal regime. The amplified spontaneous emission in the ytterbium-band and the quenching process between excited erbium ions are included in the model. For pump wavelengths...... between 860 and 995 nm, the amplified spontaneous emission in the ytterbium-band is found to reduce both the gain and the optimum length of the amplifier significantly. The achievable gain of the Yb3+-sensitized amplifier is found to be higher than in an Er3+-doped silica waveguide without Yb 3+ (18 d...

We demonstrate generation of an isotopically pure beam of laser-cooled Yb atoms by deflection using 1D-optical molasses. Atoms in a collimated thermal beam are first slowed using a Zeeman Slower. They are then subjected to a pair of molasses beams inclined at $45^\\circ$ with respect to the slowed atomic beam. The slowed atoms are deflected and probed at a distance of 160 mm. We demonstrate selective deflection of the bosonic isotope $^{174}$Yb, and the fermionic isotope $^{171}$Yb. Using a transient measurement after the molasses beams are turned on, we find a longitudinal temperature of 41 mK.

We demonstrate the generation of an isotopically pure beam of laser-cooled Yb atoms by deflection using 1D-optical molasses. Atoms in a collimated thermal beam are first slowed using a Zeeman slower. They are then subjected to a pair of molasses beams inclined at 45° with respect to the slowed atomic beam. The slowed atoms are deflected and probed at a distance of 160 mm. We demonstrate the selective deflection of the bosonic isotope 174Yb and the fermionic isotope 171Yb. Using a transient measurement after the molasses beams are turned on, we find a longitudinal temperature of 41 mK.

An efficient method to fabricate transparent glass ceramic fibers containing in-situ grown Yb 3+ doped oxide nano-particles based on yttria-alumino-silicate glass is presented. These large-mode area Yb 3+ doped fibers having a core diameter around 25.0 μm were drawn by a proper control over the involved process parameters; by this, the size of nano-particles was maintained within 5-10 nm. The main spectroscopic and laser properties of the fabricated fibers along with the nano-structuration results are reported. These results reveal that the developed method offers new scopes for the contemporary Yb 3+ fiber based devices.

The fluorozirconate glasses ZBLANP( ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF-PbF2) doped with different Yb3+ concentration were prepared. The Raman spectra and absorption spectra are measured to substantiate the existence of phonon-assisted emission. After analyzing the normalized absorption spectra of samples with different Yb3+-doped concentration, we calculated the maximum cooling effect in the 3 wt% Yb3+-doped sample pumped at 1 012.5 nm. The corresponding cooling capability is about -4.09 ℃/W and the cooling efficiency reaches 1.76%.

In this paper, the spin Hamiltonian parameters g factors g∥ and g⊥ of Yb3+ and hyperfine structure constants A∥ and A⊥ of 171Yb3+ and 173Yb3+ in CaWO4 crystal are calculated from the two-order perturbation formulae. In these formulae, the contributions of the covalence effects, the admixture between J =7/2 and J =5/2 states as well as the second-order perturbation are included. The needed crystal parameters are obtained from the superposition model and the local structure of the studied system. The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the observed values. The results are discussed.

We report measurements on the thermal and magnetic properties in the temperature range 2-300 K for the YbNiAl{sub 2} compound which crystallizes in the orthorhombic MgCuAl{sub 2}-type structure (space group Cmcm). At zero magnetic field, AC-magnetic susceptibility data show a peak in the real component consistent with an antiferromagnetic order below T{sub N}=4.8K. A field-induced ferromagnetic order is observed from the zero field cooled and field cooled curves of DC-magnetic susceptibility at different magnetic fields with a transition to a ferromagnetic state between 9 and 10 kOe. It is further confirmed by the isothermal magnetization curves as a function of the magnetic field at several temperatures, showing two metamagnetic transitions at H{sub 1}=8kOe and H{sub 2}=9.3kOe. The results are compared to those reported for other Yb-Ni-Al compounds.

The Spring Festival had just ended when I received a phone call from Lu Lanqin to tell me that her mother had passed away.I was saddened by this sudden news,even though she had lived a remarkable 101 years.And she will always live in our hearts.The mother of Lu Lanqin was our beloved Comrade Lu Cui,an outstanding woman who worked hard for New

In this work Nimotuzumab (monoclonal antibody, recognizes the EGF-R) was radiolabeled with (177)Lu as a potential cancer therapy radiopharmaceutical. In-vitro cell binding studies and in-vivo biodistribution and imaging studies were performed to determine the radiochemical stability, targeting specificity and pharmacokinetics of the (177)Lu-labeled antibody. Nimotuzumab was derivatized with DOTA-NHS at room temperature for 2 hours. DOTA-Nimotuzumab was radiolabeled with (177)LuCl3 (15 MBq/mg) at 37°C for 1 h. The radiochemical purity was assessed by ITLC, silica gel and by RP-HPLC. Binding specificity studies were performed with EGF-R positive A431 human epithelial carcinoma and EGF-R negative MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cells. Biodistribution studies were performed in healthy female CD-1 mice at 1 h, 4 h, 24 h, and A431 xenografted nude mice at 10 min, 1 h, 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h. SPECT-CT imaging studies were performed in A431 xenografted mice at 24 h post injection. DOTA-Nimotuzumab was efficiently labeled with (177) LuCl(3) at 37°C. The in vitro stability of labeled product was optimal over 24 h in buffered saline and mouse serum. Specific recognition of EGF-R by (177)Lu-DOTA-Nimotuzumab was observed in A431 cell binding studies. Biodistribution studies demonstrated increasing tumor uptake of (177)Lu-DOTA-Nimotuzumab over time, with tumor to muscle ratios of 6.26, 10.68, and 18.82 at 4 h, 24 h, and 96 h post injection. Imaging of A431 xenografted mice showed high uptake in the tumor. (177)Lu-DOTA-Nimotuzumab has the potential to be a promising therapy agent, which may be useful in the treatment of patients with EGF-R positive cancer.

This thesis describes the formation of electronically excited but translationally cold molecules formed from rubidium atoms and two isotopes of ytterbium ({sup 176}Yb and {sup 174}Yb) by means of photoassociation. The experiments were performed in a combined MOT with 10{sup 9} rubidium atoms and 2.10{sup 6} ytterbium atoms at temperatures of less than 1 mK. Photoassociation lines were found by trap loss spectroscopy throughout a wavelength range of 2 nm near the 795 nm D1 transition in rubidium. The majority of lines belong to two vibrational series in the excited YbRb{sup *} molecule, converging on a system of a ground state ytterbium atom and an excited rubidium atom. The strong variation of line strength between different vibrational lines is explained through the Franck-Condon principle. An improved version of the Leroy-Bernstein equation was used to extract the leading dispersion coefficient of the potential from the vibrational progression. Most of the observed lines show a resolved rotational structure as expected from a basic quantum mechanical model. The series terminates with the third or forth rotational component due to the ground state centrifugal barrier.The measured rotational constants agree very well with calculations based on the C{sub 6} coefficient. The discovery of a splitting of the rotational components into subcomponents indicates an uncommon angular momentum coupling described by Hund's case. Variations in the depth of the subcomponents indicates a similar splitting in the ground state, with the energies of the substates based on the alignment of the rubidium atom's magnetic dipole moment relative to the angular momentum carried by an approaching ytterbium atom. This creates an additional ground state barrier, partially suppressing some of the subcomponents. Using a rate equation model developed for this purpose, a maximum formation rate of 2.5.10{sup 6} molecules per second was calculated over the volume of the entire trap. The

Well-crystalline structured ZnO nanoparticles with cobalt (Co) and ytterbium (Yb) multiple ions doping were successfully synthesized by the chemical precipitation technique. The structures, optical and magnetic properties of the samples were analysed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible spectroscopy and magnetic measurements, respectively. In the XRD pattern of the pure ZnO and Yb co-doped samples, the formation of highly crystalline phase of pure ZnO was observed even at high Yb concentration. UV–vis spectra show a strong UV absorbance for all the samples with different absorbance maxima. Magnetic characterizations have shown that the sample with 1% Yb co-doped ZnO: Co nanoparticles exhibited a clear ferromagnetic (FM) behaviour at room temperature. The X-ray photoelectron spectral peaks for Yb 4f ions reveal Yb occupation of both Yb3+ as well as Yb2+ states. Hence, it can be confirmed that a clear FM behaviour at room temperature was exhibited by an imbalanced valence state of Yb that strongly interacted with the Co2+. When compared to the Co-doped ZnO, Yb co-doped ZnO exhibits a clear ferromagnetism at room temperature with high coercivity due to the contribution of both 3d and 4f exchange interaction with the host matrix.

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. The transcription/translation regulatory Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) is known to be associated with cancer metastasis. We observed that YB-1 expression increased with tumor grade and showed an inverse relationship with E-cadherin in a human PCa tissue array. Forced YB-1 expression induced a mesenchymal morphology that was associated with down regulation of epithelial markers. Silencing of YB-1 reversed mesenchymal features and decreased cell proliferation, migration and invasion in PCa cells. YB-1 is activated directly via Akt mediated phosphorylation at Ser102 within the cold shock domain (CSD). We next identified fisetin as an inhibitor of YB-1 activation. Computational docking and molecular dynamics suggested that fisetin binds on the residues from β1 - β4 strands of CSD, hindering Akt's interaction with YB-1. Calculated free binding energy ranged from −11.9845 to −9.6273 kcal/mol. Plasmon Surface Resonance studies showed that fisetin binds to YB-1 with an affinity of approximately 35 μM, with both slow association and dissociation. Fisetin also inhibited EGF induced YB-1 phosphorylation and markers of EMT both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively our data suggest that YB-1 induces EMT in PCa and identify fisetin as an inhibitor of its activation. PMID:24770864

Four chromium(Ⅵ)-resistant bacteria named YB-1, YB-2, YB-3 and YB-4 were isolated from Cr-electroplating sludge. YB-1 and YB-2 were identified as a member of Bacillus sp. based on morphology and Biolog Microstation System. The strain of YB-1 was selected to test for its resistance and ability to remove Cr(Ⅵ) from aqueous solution. The results indicate that YB-1 exhibits high MIC value which can almost reach 140 mg/L and the growth of YB-1 in liquid medium containing 60 mg/L Cr(Ⅵ) is affected especially in the late exponential phase and stationary phase. Furthermore, the potential of living and freeze-dried YB-1 biomass to remove Cr(Ⅵ) was studied in different pH, biosorbent dose, contact time and initial concentration using the batch method. At the optimal conditions, living and freeze-dried biomass are capable of absorbing 34.5 mg/g and 17.8 mg/g chromium(Ⅵ) at initial concentration of 60 mg/L, respectively. The adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir isotherm model for these two sorbents. Kinetic studies show that the rates of sorption all follow the pseudo-second order kinetics.

Materials that luminesce after excitation with ionizing radiation are extensively applied in physics, medicine, security, and industry. Lanthanide dopants are known to trigger crystal scintillation through their fast d–f emissions; the same is true for other important applications as lasers or phosphors for lighting. However, this ability can be seriously compromised by unwanted anomalous emissions often found with the most common lanthanide activators. We report high-resolution X-ray-excited optical (IR to UV) luminescence spectra of CaF2:Yb and SrF2:Yb samples excited at 8949 eV and 80 K. Ionizing radiation excites the known anomalous emission of ytterbium in the CaF2 host but not in the SrF2 host. Wave function-based ab initio calculations of host-to-dopant electron transfer and Yb2+/Yb3+ intervalence charge transfer explain the difference. The model also explains the lack of anomalous emission in Yb-doped SrF2 excited by VUV radiation.

Materials that luminesce after excitation with ionizing radiation are extensively applied in physics, medicine, security, and industry. Lanthanide dopants are known to trigger crystal scintillation through their fast d-f emissions; the same is true for other important applications as lasers or phosphors for lighting. However, this ability can be seriously compromised by unwanted anomalous emissions often found with the most common lanthanide activators. We report high-resolution X-ray-excited optical (IR to UV) luminescence spectra of CaF2:Yb and SrF2:Yb samples excited at 8949 eV and 80 K. Ionizing radiation excites the known anomalous emission of ytterbium in the CaF2 host but not in the SrF2 host. Wave function-based ab initio calculations of host-to-dopant electron transfer and Yb(2+)/Yb(3+) intervalence charge transfer explain the difference. The model also explains the lack of anomalous emission in Yb-doped SrF2 excited by VUV radiation.

In this study, we reported the preparation and evaluation of (177)Lu-DOTA-RGD2, (177)Lu-DOTA-Bz-RGD2 and (177)Lu-DTPA-Bz-RGD2 (RGD2 = E[c(RGDfK)](2)) as a potential therapeutic radiotracers for the treatment of integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-positive tumors. The BALB/c nude mice bearing the U87MG human glioma xenografts were used to evaluate the biodistribution characteristics and excretion kinetics of (177)Lu-DOTA-RGD2, (177)Lu-DOTA-Bz-RGD2 and (177)Lu-DTPA-Bz-RGD2. It was found that there were no major differences in their lipophilicity and biodistribution characteristics, particularly at latter time points. A major advantage of using DTPA-Bz as the bifunctional chelator (BFC) was its high radiolabeling efficiency (fast and high yield radiolabeling) at room temperature. Using DOTA and DOTA-Bz as BFCs, the radiolabeling kinetics was slow, and heating at 100 degrees C and higher DOTA-conjugate concentration were needed for successful (177)Lu-labeling. Therefore, DTPA-Bz is an optimal BFC for routine preparation of (177)Lu-labeled cyclic RGDfK peptides, and (177)Lu-DTPA-Bz-RGD2 is worthy of further investigation for targeted radiotherapy of integrin alpha(v)beta(3)-positive tumors.

Single Crystal Film (SCF) scintillators are key-components of today's high-resolution 2D X-ray detectors used at synchrotrons for applications such as X-ray Radiography, Computed Tomography (CT), laminography, full-field XANES, and topography. Due to its high density and effective atomic number, LuAlO3 (LuAP) perovskite has a great potential to replace or complement the currently used Eu-doped Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG:Eu) and Tb-doped Lu2SiO5 (LSO:Tb) SCFs. In this article we present the growth of LuAP...

Full Text Available The synthesis of pure and well dispersed lutetium aluminum garnet (LuAG powder is crucial and important for the preparation of LuAG transparent ceramics. In this paper, high purity and well dispersed LuAG powders have been synthesized via co-precipitation method with lutetium nitrate and aluminum nitrate as raw materials. Ammonium hydrogen carbonate (AHC was used as the precipitant. The influence of aging time, pH value, and dripping speed on the prepared LuAG powders were investigated. It showed that long aging duration (>15 h with high terminal pH value (>7.80 resulted in segregation of rhombus Lu precipitate and Al precipitate. By decreasing the initial pH value or accelerating the dripping speed, rhombus Lu precipitate was eliminated and pure LuAG nano powders were synthesized. High quality LuAG transparent ceramics with transmission >75% at 1064 nm were fabricated using these well dispersed nano LuAG powders.

Full Text Available The metastable garnet lattice of Gd3Al5O12 is stabilized by doping with smaller Lu3+, which then allows an effective incorporation of larger Eu3+ activators. The [(Gd1−xLux1−yEuy]3Al5O12 (x = 0.1–0.5, y = 0.01–0.09 garnet solid solutions, calcined from their precursors synthesized via carbonate coprecipitation, exhibit strong luminescence at 591 nm (the 5D0 → 7F1 magnetic dipole transition of Eu3+ upon UV excitation into the charge transfer band (CTB at ~239 nm, with CIE chromaticity coordinates of x = 0.620 and y = 0.380 (orange-red. The quenching concentration of Eu3+ was estimated at ~5 at.% (y = 0.05, and the quenching was attributed to exchange interactions. Partial replacement of Gd3+ with Lu3+ up to 50 at.% (x = 0.5 while keeping Eu3+ at the optimal content of 5 at.% does not significantly alter the peak positions of the CTB and 5D0 → 7F1 emission bands but slightly weakens both bands owing to the higher electronegativity of Lu3+. The effects of processing temperature (1000–1500 °C and Lu/Eu contents on the intensity, quantum efficiency, lifetime and asymmetry factor of luminescence were thoroughly investigated. The [(Gd0.7Lu0.30.95Eu0.05]3Al5O12 phosphor processed at 1500 °C exhibits a high internal quantum efficiency of ~83.2% under 239 nm excitation, which, in combination with the high theoretical density, favors its use as a new type of photoluminescent and scintillation material.

This memo describes the goals and organization structure of the TinyOS Alliance. It covers membership, the working group forums for contribution, intellectual property, source licensing, and the TinyOS Steering Committee (TSC).......This memo describes the goals and organization structure of the TinyOS Alliance. It covers membership, the working group forums for contribution, intellectual property, source licensing, and the TinyOS Steering Committee (TSC)....

Full Text Available Gd2O3:Yb3+ phosphor has been synthesized by the solid state reaction method with boric acid used as a flux. The resulting Gd2O3:Yb3+ phosphor was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD technique, Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR, scanning electron microscope (SEM and transmission electron microscope (TEM, and photoluminescence and thermoluminescence. The results of the XRD show that obtained Gd2O3:Yb3+ phosphor has a cubic structure. The average crystallite sizes could be calculated as 42.9 nm, confirmed by the TEM results. The study suggested that Yb3+ doped phosphors are potential luminescence material for IR laser diode pumping.

A microcalorimetric method was used to evaluate the action of Yb3+ ions onthe growth metabolism of Staphylococcus aureus.The power-time curves of the growth metabolism of Staphylo.coccus aureus and the action of Yb3+ ions were obtained by us-ing stopped-flow method at 37 ℃. For evaluation of the action,the growth rate constants ( k1 and k2) for the log phase 1, log phase 2, and the total heat effect (Qtotal) for Staphylococcus aureus were determined. The results show that Yb3+ ions at low concentrations have the stimnlatory effect on Staphylococcus au-reus and that Yb3+ions at higher concentration could inhibit its growth.

We detail a readily adaptable method for optimizing evaporative cooling efficiency in optical dipole traps (ODTs), reducing the production time of quantum degenerate gases. Utilizing the time-averaged 'painting' potential of a rapidly moving laser beam, we dynamically shape the trap over the course of evaporation to produce 174 Yb Bose-Einstein condensates of (0.5-1.0) × 105 atoms in (1.6-1.8) seconds. We also report on interaction studies in the quantum degenerate Bose-Fermi 174 Yb-6 Li mixture in the BEC-BCS crossover. Additionally, we present work on photoassociation spectroscopy on 6 Li-Yb mixtures and the production of YbLi* molecules in a dual magneto-optical trap, a first step toward coherent production of ultracold 2 Σ molecules.

Yb:Sc2O3 transparent ceramics were fabricated by solid-state reaction and vacuum sintering method.CaO was added as sintering aids by a high energy ball milling.Transparent nearly-fully dense samples were obtained after 1840 ℃ sintering.Using transmitted-light microscope we get the grain sizes are more than 1 00 μm.Using spectrophotometer we get the absorption coefficient centered at 975 nm was 2.65 cm-1.The phosphorescence spectra showed that the line-widths (FWHM) at 975 and 1041 nm were about 4 and 10 nm and the lifetime of Yb ions in Sc2O3 transparent ceramics was about 883 μs.According to the absorption and fluorescence band centers of Yb:Sc2O3 transparent ceramics,the level scheme of Yb3+ ions in Sc2O3 ceramics could be gotten.

Absorption and emission spectra, luminescence decay kinetics and thermostimulated luminescence of X-ray irradiated YAG:Yb single crystalline films were studied. Two emission bands peaked at 420 and 488 nm have been detected in the investigated films. The strong thermal quenching of luminescence band at 488 nm was observed above 160 K. The influence of growth conditions and annealing in air on the lifetime of Yb{sup 3+} ion excited state in the IR spectral region have been revealed. The recombination mechanisms of the f-f transition at Yb{sup 3+} ion excitation, as well as the mechanism of lifetime shortening for the excited Yb{sup 3+} luminescence have been discussed.

We report on a new class of laser amplifiers for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) drivers based on a Yb:YAG ceramic disk in an edge-pumped configuration and cooled by a high-velocity gas flow. The Yb lasant offers very high efficiency and low waste heat. The ceramic host material has a thermal conductivity nearly 15-times higher than the traditionally used glass and it is producible in sizes suitable for a typical 10- to 20-kJ driver beam line. The combination of high lasant efficiency, low waste heat, edge-pumping, and excellent thermal conductivity of the host, enable operation at 10 to 20 Hz at over 20% wall plug efficiency while being comparably smaller and less costly than recently considered face-pumped alternative drivers using Nd:glass, Yb:S-FAP, and cryogenic Yb:YAG. Scalability of the laser driver over a broad range of sizes is presented.

Sublimation is a major cause of degradation of thermoelectric power generation systems. Most thermoelectric materials tend to have peak values at the temperature where sublimation occurs. A sublimation barrier is needed that is stable at operating temperatures, inert against thermoelectric materials, and able to withstand thermal cycling stress. A porous alumina paste layer is suitable as a sublimation barrier for Yb14MnSb11. It can accommodate stress generated by the thermal expansion discrepancy between the suppression layer and thermoelectric materials. Sublimation suppression is achieved by filling pores naturally with YbO2, a natural byproduct of sublimation. YbO2 generated during the sublimation of Yb14MnSb11 fills the porous structure of the alumina paste, causing sublimation to decrease with time as the pores become filled.

Spectroscopic properties of tetragonal LiYbF4 nanocrystals under high dense NIR excitation at vacuum condition were in-vestigated. White, broad band emission covering whole visible part of the spectrum from LiYbF4 nanocrystals was observed. Its in-tensity strongly depended on the excitation power, excitation wavelength and ambient pressure. Temperature of the nanocrystals un-der 975 nm excitation was determined as a function of excitation power. Strong photo-induced current was observed from LiYbF4 pallet. The emission kinetic was analyzed. The mechanism of the anti-Stokes white emission was discussed in terms of the la-ser-induced charge transfer emission from Yb2+ states.

An Yb3+/Al3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is prepared based on photonic crystal fibre technology.The characteristic spectra of preforms and fibres are experimentally investigated.The results show that under a 971 nm excitation,besides the known infrared fluorescence luminescence around 1050 nm,a blue luminescence peak at 486 nm is obtained.Moreover,an unexpected emission peak at 730 nm is also observed.The photoluminescence mechanism of an Yb3+/Al3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is discussed.The emission peak at 486 nm is attributed to the cooperative upconversion resulting from pairs of Yb3+ions,and the emission peak around 730 nm is ascribed to the stimulated Raman scattering because of nonlinear effects of microstructured optical fibre.The Yb3+/Al3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is promising for varieties of applications from laser printing and optical recording to cancer treatments,such as photodynamic therapy.

Most of the up-conversion lasers operated at room temperature are realized with heavy metal fluorides, In this paper the Judd-Ofelt parameters Ωλ ( λ = 2,4,6 ) were calculated for Er3+ ions in Yb3 + sensitized LiNbO3 and YVO4 crystals at room temperature, together with the radiative transition probabilities, non-radiative transition probabilities and resonant transition probabilities of Er3+ ions. Taking into account the energy transfer from Yb3 + to Er3 +, the rate equations are given for Er3 + ions. We obtained from a solution of the rate equations that Yb3 + sensitized YVO4 crystal is more efficient than Yb3 + sensitized LiNbO3 crystal in the up-conversion of 550 nm of Er3+ emission, which is consistent with our observation.

The intermediate valence compounds Yb{sub 2}M{sub 3}Ga{sub 9} (M = Rh, Ir) exhibit an anisotropic magnetic susceptibility. We report measurements of the temperature dependence of the 4f occupation number, n{sub f}(T), for Yb{sub 2}M{sub 3}Ga{sub 9} as well as the magnetic inelastic neutron scattering spectrum S{sub mag}({Delta}E) at 12 and 300 K for Yb{sub 2}Rh{sub 3}Ga{sub 9}. Both n{sub f}(T) and S{sub mag}({Delta}E) were calculated for the Anderson impurity model with crystal field terms within an approach based on the non-crossing approximation. These results corroborate the importance of crystal field effects in these materials; they also suggest that Anderson lattice effects are important to the physics of Yb{sub 2}M{sub 3}Ga{sub 9}.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration — The overall objective is to demonstrate the concept of Yb:YAG crystalline fiber MOPA laser and investigation the technical feasibility toward 50 mJ single frequency...

The electronic structure of YbB6 crystal was studied by means of density functional (GGA+U) method.The calculations were performed by FLAPW method.The high accurate band structure was achieved.The correlation between the feature of the band structure and the Yb-B6 bonding in YbB6 was analyzed.On this basis, some optical constants of YbB6 such as reflectivity, dielectric function, optical conductivity, and energy-loss function were calculated.The results are in good agreement with the experiments.The real part of the optical conductivity spectrum and the energy-loss function spectrum were analyzed in detail.The assignments of the spectra were carried out to correlate the spectral peaks with the interband electronic transitions, which justify the reasonable part of previous empirical assignments and renew the missed or incorrect ones.

We demonstrate launching of laser-cooled Yb atoms in a continuous atomic fountain. The continuous fountain has significant advantages over the more common pulsed fountain, which was also demonstrated by us recently. The fountain is formed in the following steps---(i) Atoms from a thermal beam are first Zeeman slowed to a small final velocity, (ii) the slowed atoms are captured in a two-dimensional magneto-optic trap (2D-MOT), and (iii) atoms are launched {\\em continuously} in the vertical direction using two sets of moving-molasses beams, inclined at $\\pm 15^\\circ$ to the vertical. The cooling transition used is the strongly-allowed ${^1S}_0 \\rightarrow {^1P}_1$ transition at 399 nm. We capture about $7 \\times 10^6$ atoms in the 2D-MOT, and then launch them with a vertical velocity of 13 m/s at a longitudinal temperature of 125(6) mK.

A Sr3Yb0.1Gd0.2Y0.7) single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. The crystal was evaluated by absorption, emission, and luminescence decay measurements. The relevant absorption and emission cross-sections as well as fluorescence lifetimes were calculated and compared. Studies showed that the existence of Gd3+ can lead to greater structural disorder and broaden the spectra of the crystal. Diode-pumped laser action of this crystal is demonstrated for the first time, and the best output power of 1.8 W with a slope efficiency of 75.8% was obtained. Dual-wavelength and three-wavelength oscillations were observed. Thus, this crystal is suitable for use as tunable or ultrashort laser mediums.

Starting with the two-band description of an orbital Feshbach resonance, we study superfluid properties of a trapped 173Yb Fermi gas under the assumptions of a local-density approximation for the trapping potential and a mean-field approximation for the intraband Cooper pairings. In particular, we investigate the competition and interplay between the pair-breaking effect that is caused by the interband detuning energy, and the pair-breaking and thermal-broadening effects that are simultaneously caused by the temperature. We predict several experimental signatures that are directly caused by this interplay including a spatial separation of superfluid and normal phases within the trap, and could play decisive roles in probing two-band superfluidity in these systems.

A diode-pumped Yb:KYW planar waveguide laser, single-mode Q-switched by evanescent-field interaction with graphene, is demonstrated for the first time. Few-layer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition is transferred onto the top of a guiding layer, which initiates stable Q-switched operation in a 2.4-cm-long waveguide laser operating near 1027 nm. Average output powers up to 34 mW and pulse durations as short as 349 ns are achieved. The measured output beam profile, clearly exhibiting a single mode, agrees well with the theoretically calculated mode intensity distribution inside the waveguide. As the pump power is increased, the repetition rate and pulse energy increase from 191 to 607 kHz and from 7.4 to 58.6 nJ, respectively, whereas the pulse duration decreases from 2.09 μs to 349 ns.

Full Text Available A diode-pumped Yb:KYW planar waveguide laser, single-mode Q-switched by evanescent-field interaction with graphene, is demonstrated for the first time. Few-layer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition is transferred onto the top of a guiding layer, which initiates stable Q-switched operation in a 2.4-cm-long waveguide laser operating near 1027 nm. Average output powers up to 34 mW and pulse durations as short as 349 ns are achieved. The measured output beam profile, clearly exhibiting a single mode, agrees well with the theoretically calculated mode intensity distribution inside the waveguide. As the pump power is increased, the repetition rate and pulse energy increase from 191 to 607 kHz and from 7.4 to 58.6 nJ, respectively, whereas the pulse duration decreases from 2.09 μs to 349 ns.

In this work we present the theoretical study of transverse mode instability (TMI) in ytterbium (Yb)-doped rectangular core fibers with different core aspect ratios using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) beam propagation method (BPM). As expected, the rectangular core fiber with larger aspect ratio (AR.) offers more efficient heat dissipation than a circular core fiber. However, it is found that the rectangular core fiber does not benefit from the better heat dissipation to suppress the TMI when compared to the circular core counterpart. The temperature building in the rectangular core fiber decreases by up to 24.6% with a 10:1 aspect ratio core, while threshold pump power drops by up to 38.3% when compared with a circular core fiber with the same core area. Our study reveals that a smaller effective refractive index difference between modes and a weaker gain saturation effect compensate the thermal advantage from more efficient heat dissipation.

This final report is presented by Langston University (LU) for the project entitled "Langston University High Energy Physics" (LUHEP) under the direction of principal investigator (PI) and project director Professor Joel Snow. The project encompassed high energy physics research performed at hadron colliders. The PI is a collaborator on the DZero experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, IL, USA and the ATLAS experiment at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland and was during the entire project period from April 1, 1999 until May 14, 2012. Both experiments seek to understand the fundamental constituents of the physical universe and the forces that govern their interactions. In 1999 as member of the Online Systems group for Run 2 the PI developed a cross-platform Python-based, Graphical User Interface (GUI) application for monitoring and control of EPICS based devices for control room use. This served as a model for other developers to enhance and build on for further monitoring and control tasks written in Python. Subsequently the PI created and developed a cross-platform C++ GUI utilizing a networked client-server paradigm and based on ROOT, the object oriented analysis framework from CERN. The GUI served as a user interface to the Examine tasks running in the D\\O\\ control room which monitored the status and integrity of data taking for Run 2. The PI developed the histogram server/control interface to the GUI client for the EXAMINE processes. The histogram server was built from the ROOT framework and was integrated into the D\\O\\ framework used for online monitoring programs and offline analysis. The PI developed the first implementation of displaying histograms dynamically generated by ROOT in a Web Browser. The PI's work resulted in several talks and papers at international conferences and workshops. The PI established computing software infrastructure at LU and U. Oklahoma (OU) to do analysis of DZero production data and produce simulation

A scaleable diode end-pumping technology for high-average-power slab and rod lasers has been under development for the past several years at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This technology has particular application to high average power Yb:YAG lasers that utilize a rod configured gain element. Previously, this rod configured approach has achieved average output powers in a single 5 cm long by 2 mm diameter Yb:YAG rod of 430 W cw and 280 W q-switched. High beam quality (M{sup 2} = 2.4) q-switched operation has also been demonstrated at over 180 W of average output power. More recently, using a dual rod configuration consisting of two, 5 cm long by 2 mm diameter laser rods with birefringence compensation, we have achieved 1080 W of cw output with an M{sup 2} value of 13.5 at an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 27.5%. With the same dual rod laser operated in a q-switched mode, we have also demonstrated 532 W of average power with an M{sup 2} < 2.5 at 17% optical-to-optical conversion efficiency. These q-switched results were obtained at a 10 kHz repetition rate and resulted in 77 nsec pulse durations. These improved levels of operational performance have been achieved as a result of technology advancements made in several areas that will be covered in this manuscript. These enhancements to our architecture include: (1) Hollow lens ducts that enable the use of advanced cavity architectures permitting birefringence compensation and the ability to run in large aperture-filling near-diffraction-limited modes. (2) Compound laser rods with flanged-nonabsorbing-endcaps fabricated by diffusion bonding. (3) Techniques for suppressing amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and parasitics in the polished barrel rods.

{sup 177}Lu is presently considered to be a potential radionuclide for the development of agents for radionuclide therapy owing to its favorable nuclear decay characteristics [T{sub 1/2} = 6.65 d, E{sub {beta}}{sub (max)} = 0.497 MeV, E{sub {gamma}} = 113 KeV (6.4%) and 208 KeV (11%)]. While the long half-life of this promising radioisotope offers distinct logistic advantage, particularly, in countries having limited reactor facilities, the feasibility of its large-scale production with adequate specific activity and excellent radionuclidic purity in medium flux research reactors constitute yet another desirable feature. Extensive studies have been carried out to optimize the production of this isotope, with high specific activity and radionuclidic purity by the (n,{gamma}) route using the highest available flux and the optimum irradiation time. The gradual evolution of clin ical grade {sup 177}LuCl{sub 3} as a new radiochemical, ready for commercial deployment by Radiopharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, to nuclear medicine centers all over India was accomplished in 2010 in a stepwise manner with the commencement of the production of high specific activity {sup 177}Lu from enriched target in 2001. Research on {sup 177}Lu has demonstrated its immense potential in radiotherapeutic applications, a direct outcome of which has resulted in indigenous development of two agents viz. {sup 177}Lu-EDTMP and {sup 177}Lu-DOTA-TATE presently being evaluated in human patients for palliative care of bone pain due to skeletal metastases and treatment of malignancies of neuroendocrine origin, respectively. Using locally produced {sup 177}Lu, the radiolabeling of a plethora of other molecules with potential applicability in radiation synovectomy and targeted therapy of malignant tumors have been successfully demonstrated. A few of these agent such as a novel {sup 177}Lu-labeled porphyrin has shown considerable promise in initial studies and is presently evaluated

A high resolution luminescence study of NaLaF 4: 1%Pr 3+, 5%Yb 3+ and NaLaF 4: 1%Ce 3+, 5%Yb 3+ in the UV to NIR spectral range using a InGaAs detector and a fourier transform interferometer is reported. Although the Pr 3+( 3P 0 → 1G 4), Yb 3+( 2F 7/2 → 2F 5/2) energy transfer step takes place, significant Pr 3+1G 4 emission around 993, 1330 and 1850 nm is observed. No experimental proof for the second energy transfer step in the down-conversion process between Pr 3+ and Yb 3+ can be given. In the case of NaLaF 4: Ce 3+, Yb 3+ it is concluded that the observed Yb 3+ emission upon Ce 3+ 5d excitation is the result of a charge transfer process instead of down-conversion.

Theoretical line shapes are obtained for Mossbauer spectra in the presence of paramagnetic relaxation effects which do not involve the ''white noise'' approximation. The results are applied to the data for /sup 170/Yb in Cs/sub 2/NaYbCl/sub 6/ to give values for the rms dipolar field and the spin correlation time in this material.

The ternary compounds AgLnS2 (Ln = Sm-Yb) have been synthesized and characterized. It has been found, in accordance with a previous study, that all compounds, except AgYbS2, are monoclinic with a almost-equal-to b almost-equal-to 7.7 angstrom, c almost-equal-to 12 angstrom and 90-degrees

The Yb concentration of double-clad optical fiber amplifiers is numerically optimized with respect to maximizing the transverse modal instability threshold in the presence of absorption arising from photodarkening. The pump cladding area is scaled with the Yb concentration to approximately maintain...... the pump absorption in operation. It is found that approximate analytical expressions can predict the optimized concentration levels found in numerical simulations with sufficient accuracy to be useful in fiber design. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America...

We had synthesized a new compound YbFe2As2 using heating technique followed by the furnace cooling process. YbFe2As2 had been synthesized in polycrystalline form. The presence of adsorbed oxygen was confirmed on the surfaces of grown YbFe2As2 by EDAX analysis. Hence the sample had been named as YbFe2As2:O2. This new compound YbFe2As2:O2 had shown paramagnetic behaviour when magnetization (M) versus temperature (T) was measured using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) at constant magnetic field (H = 795.77 × 103 A m-1). A sharp slope change around 140 K was noticed during magnetization (M) versus temperature (T) at H = (795.77 × 101 A m-1) which is the SDW transition temperature for the well-studied parent compound BaFe2As2. Result of M versus H measurements for YbFe2As2:O2 at 2 and 200 K had revealed that the saturation point could not been achieved at H = (557.04 × 104 A m-1). The detailed magnetic studies on YbFe2As2:O2 exhibited that the co-existence of both strong antiferromagnetic as well as a weak ferromagnetic behaviour. Temperature versus resistivity measurement showed metallic behaviour along with a transition at around 13 K. Influence of anti-ferromagnetic spin fluctuation in the normal state transport property of YbFe2As2:O2 had been found.

A characterization method based on the careful measurement of the characteristic parameters and fluorescence emission spectra of a highly Yb-doped double-clad fiber is presented. The method is successfully checked by numerically fitting experimental results of a ring laser based on highly doped double-clad Yb-doped silica fibers with different dopant concentrations, fiber lengths and ring-laser output-coupler rates.

The gain competition among the guided modes in Yb-doped rod-type photonic crystal fibers with a low refractive index core is investigated with a spatial model to demonstrate the fiber effective single-mode behaviour.......The gain competition among the guided modes in Yb-doped rod-type photonic crystal fibers with a low refractive index core is investigated with a spatial model to demonstrate the fiber effective single-mode behaviour....

Transparent rare earth-doped Lu2O3 ceramics have received much attention for use in solid-state scintillator and laser applications. The fabrication of these ceramics, however, requires ultrafine and uniform powders as precursors. Presented here is the synthesis of Er-doped Lu2O3 nanopowders by a solution precipitation method using Er-doped lutetium sulfate solution and hexamethylenetetramine as a precipitant and the fabrication of Er-doped Lu2O3 transparent ceramics from these nanopowders. The precipitated precursors were calcined at 1100 °C for 4 h in order to convert the precursors into Lu2O3 nanoparticles with an average particle size of 60 nm. Thermal decomposition and phase evolution of the precursors were studied by simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Er-doped Lu2O3 transparent ceramics were fabricated from these nanopowders using vacuum sintering followed by hot isostatic pressing at 1700 °C for 8 h. The transparent ceramics exhibit an optical transmittance of 78% at a wavelength of 1.55 μm.

LuAlO3:Ce3+ (LuAP) and LuxY1-xAlO3:Ce3+ (LuYAP) crystals are the promote scintillation materials for Positron Emission Tomography. Actual study of these scintillators develops in the tree directions: (i) growth of large size LuAP crystals with stable properties, (ii) relationship between composition of LuYAP crystals and scintillation properties, and (iii) scintillation mechanisms in lutetium compounds. After improving of growth conditions a large size samples (length greater than 40 mm) have been prepared. Crystals show a good correlation between growth parameters, light yield and transmission spectra. We performed a series of samples with calibrated size (2x2x10 mm3) and compare the light yield with a standard BGO and LSO samples. Mixed crystals with composition of 0.6 less than x less than 0.8 show a significant increase of light yield. We suggest that the short order clusterisation in mixed crystals may by playing an important role in governing the scintillation efficiency. In order to clarify the scintil...

Detailed total energy calculations have been performed in lutetium pnictides (LuX, where X = N, P) to understand their high pressure structural stability. In LuN, the ambient rocksalt type structure (B1 phase) transforms to a tetragonal structure (B10 phase) at ˜240 GPa; whereas in LuP the orthorhombic structure (B33, space group Cmcm) emerges as a high pressure structure above 48 GPa. Both the transitions are found to be of first-order type with volume discontinuities of ˜6% and 8.2%, respectively. The high pressure phases B10 and B33 are found to be stable up to 400 GPa, respectively. Further, the structural stability predicted from static lattice calculations has been supported by lattice dynamical stability analysis. The present calculations rule out the B1 to B2 (CsCl type) structural phase transitions predicted to occur at 241 GPa in LuN and at 98 GPa in LuP by previous all-electron calculations (Gupta and Bhat 2013 J. Mol. Model 19 5343-54). The temperature dependence of several thermo-physical properties such as volume, bulk modulus, specific heat and thermal expansion coefficient of the rocksalt structure of these compounds calculated in the present study, using quasi-harmonic approximation, awaits confirmation by experimental studies.

Optical thermometry based on luminescent materials has garnered much attention due to its many advantages. But higher sensitivity is still expected in physiological temperature range which is of special significance in medicine and biology. For this purpose, quadrivalent manganese doped lutetium aluminum garnet, Lu3Al5O12: Mn4+, or simply LuAG: Mn4+, has been successfully synthesized by sol-gel method and its temperature dependent luminescence has been investigated in the present work. Compared to the common red emission phosphors Y3Al5O12: Mn4+ (YAG:Mn4+) with same structure, LuAG:Mn4+ has a stronger crystal field strength and a higher thermal-quenching activation energy (ΔE) of 5732 cm-1. Rapid thermal quenching of the Mn4+ luminescence occurred above room temperature around 90 °C for our LuAG:Mn4+ sample. Temperature dependent decay curves of Mn4+ emission from LuAG:Mn4+ revealed that an extraordinary high sensitivity can be achieved from luminescence lifetime measurements covering physiological temperature range with a sensitivity of 3.75% K-1 at 38 °C.

Lutetium aluminum garnet (LuAG) precursors doped with different Pr3+ concentration (0.25at.%, 0.5at.%, 1.0at.%, 3.0at.%, 5.0at.%) were synthesized via a co-precipitation method using ammonium hydrogen carbonate as precipitant. The phase evolution and mor-phology of the precursor were characterized with X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The resultant LuAG:Pr3+ powder was sintered into translucent ceramic without any additives in vacuum at 1150℃ and then in nitrogen atmosphere at 1700℃. Photohiminescence spectra of LuAG:Pr3+ powder and ceramic were measured at room temperature in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) and ultraviolet (VU) region. For the 5d-4f transition of Pr3+ ions, dominant emission of ceramic samples peaking round 311 nm had higher lumines-cence intensity. And the host absorption in ceramic samples was not as intensive as that in powder samples. The luminescent intensity of LuAG:Pr3+ varied with the Pr3+ contents and the quenching concentration was about 1.0at.% for ceramic and 3.0at.% for powder, which was much higher than 0.24at.% for LuAG:Pr3+ single crystals. This phenomenon showed that the ceramic had some superiority over single crystals.

{sup 177}Lu of specific activity {approx}100-110 TBq/g and radionuclidic purity of {approx}100% was obtained by irradiation of enriched Lu{sub 2}O{sub 3} (60.6% {sup 176}Lu) target for 7 days at a thermal neutron flux of 3x10{sup 13}n/cm{sup 2}/sec. The {sup 177}Lu labeling of a macrocyclic bifunctional chelating agent viz. 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) has been extensively studied. Lanreotide, [{beta}-naphthyl-Ala-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Thr-NH{sub 2}] a disulfide-linked cyclic octapeptide and a somatostatin analog, reported to bind with a wide variety of tumors expressing somatostatin receptors, was conjugated with DOTA. The peptide-BFCA conjugate was characterized with the help of high-resolution two-dimensional proton NMR spectroscopy. The {sup 177}Lu labeling of the DOTA-lanreotide conjugate has been standardized to give a radiolabeling yield of 85%. The tracer showed specific binding with A-431 human epidermoid carcinoma and IMR-32 human brain neuroblastoma cells.

This article described the efforts of Chinese citizen Lu Chengming to claim compensation from the Chinese government after being forcibly re-located during the building of the Three Gorges hydroelectric project. Research conducted by the author revealed that many households were not compensated for being resettled, and that many people who had lived in the region became refugees. Lu Chengming's family became unemployed after his hotel was demolished in 2002. The family of 11 was then divided into 4 in order to further reduce the amount of subsidies owed to them. Appeals to higher authorities began in 1993. Since then, Lu Chengming has only received the most basic welfare assistance. This article provided a translation of Lu Chengming's testimony as well as his account of the resettlement procedures. It was concluded that while the Chinese government consistently refuses his claims, Lu Chengming continues to live in hope that the government will award him his settlement. 4 refs., 3 figs.

The continuous mink lung epithelial cell line Mv1Lu has proven to be a sensitive reporter line in the bioassay for purified TGF-beta, exhibiting a sigmoid-shaped concentration-response relationship with an EC50 of 12 pM (0.3 ng/mL). Maximal inhibition of Mv1Lu cells generates a 75-95% decrement in the number of adherent cells. However, this bioassay is not specific for TGF-beta as originally claimed. Mv1Lu cells are sensitive to other cytokines and substances found in complex biological fluids. In this study the effects of other biological response modifiers in this assay were tested and several were found to have important growth modulatory capacities that confound the quantitation of TGF-beta. EGF, TGF-alpha, fibronectin, and IGF-I all induce Mv1Lu cell proliferation. In contrast, neither PDGF (-AA, -AB, -BB) nor endotoxin ( or = 10 ng/mL) are the only cytokines examined that inhibit Mv1Lu proliferation. TGF-beta decreases final cell number both by preventing mitosis and by inhibition of adherence of cells to the uncoated dish. Several strategies are suggested to assure the specificity of this otherwise convenient bioassay for TGF-beta.

Efficient near-infrared (NIR) quantum cutting (QC) has been demonstrated in Yb3+ doped SrMoO4 phosphors synthesized by the high-temperature solid-state reaction method. The obtained SrMoO4:Yb3+ phosphors were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectra and decay lifetime to understand the observed near-infrared quantum cutting phenomena. The XRD results show that all the prepared phosphors can be readily indexed to the pure tetragonal phase of SrMoO4 and exhibit good crystallinity. The experimental results showed that the strong visible molybdate (MoO2-(4)) emission around 493 nm and near-infrared (NIR) emission around 1000 nm from Yb3+(2F(5/2)-->2F(7/2)) of SrMoO4:Yb3+ phosphors were observed under ultraviolet (290 nm) excitation. The Yb + concentration dependence of luminescent properties and lifetimes of both the visible and NIR emissions have also been investigated. The quenching concentration of Yb3+ ions approaches as high as 10 mol%. The cooperative energy transfer (CET) mechanism was also discussed in detail. The broadband NIR QC phosphors may possibly have potential application in enhancing the conversion efficiency of solar cells.

Slow magnetic relaxation and the Fe ion stoichiometry were investigated in spin and charge frustrated system YbFe2O4. DC susceptibility, AC susceptibility, aging process and electron diffraction observation were carried out on nano order sized YbFe2O4 single-phase powders with the Fe/Yb=2.00, 2.02, and 2.04 ratios. The variation of the cluster glass behavior was studied in relation between the magnetic relaxation and the various chemical compositions. With the increase of the Fe/Yb ratios, the magnetic coherence length increased and the magnetic aging time goes slow down. The observed critical slowing down of the glassy fluctuation is interpreted by the development of the spin cluster size. This indicates that the spin glass like property of this material arises from the competition between various sized magnetic domains having ferrimagnetic moments. Additionally, electron diffraction experiments showed that the increase of Fe/Yb ratios from Fe/Yb=2.00 enhances the development of the charge ordering coherence in triangular lattice. This study shows that the measurement of magnetic fluctuation for nano order sized particles gives the essential information about the spin cluster fluctuation in RFe2O4.

We have created unique near-infrared (NIR)-emitting nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nano-MOFs) incorporating a high density of Yb(3+) lanthanide cations and sensitizers derived from phenylene. We establish here that these nano-MOFs can be incorporated into living cells for NIR imaging. Specifically, we introduce bulk and nano-Yb-phenylenevinylenedicarboxylate-3 (nano-Yb-PVDC-3), a unique MOF based on a PVDC sensitizer-ligand and Yb(3+) NIR-emitting lanthanide cations. This material has been structurally characterized, its stability in various media has been assessed, and its luminescent properties have been studied. We demonstrate that it is stable in certain specific biological media, does not photobleach, and has an IC50 of 100 μg/mL, which is sufficient to allow live cell imaging. Confocal microscopy and inductively coupled plasma measurements reveal that nano-Yb-PVDC-3 can be internalized by cells with a cytoplasmic localization. Despite its relatively low quantum yield, nano-Yb-PVDC-3 emits a sufficient number of photons per unit volume to serve as a NIR-emitting reporter for imaging living HeLa and NIH 3T3 cells. NIR microscopy allows for highly efficient discrimination between the nano-MOF emission signal and the cellular autofluorescence arising from biological material. This work represents a demonstration of the possibility of using NIR lanthanide emission for biological imaging applications in living cells with single-photon excitation.

A Note from the Author and from O'Reilly Media about what this bookdoes--and doesn't--do: Palm webOS is a brand new platform and represents a very different type ofoperating system where the web runtime is used as the basis for the UI andApplication model. Palm and O'Reilly felt that it was important to have abook available to help developers get a basic understanding of the new Palmplatform at the time that the SDK was released; this timing played a majorrole in the content and structure of the book. Ideally this book would have been a complete reference of the new platformbut that wasn't

An intermediate-valence compound, Yb{sub 2}MgSi{sub 2}, has been prepared using a spark plasma sintering method. The magnetic susceptibility and thermoelectric properties of Yb{sub 2}MgSi{sub 2} are measured in the temperature range from 5 to 300 K. From the magnetic susceptibility results, Yb valence of the Yb{sub 2}MgSi{sub 2} is evaluated. As compared with YbAl{sub 3}, which is one of the promising thermoelectric materials that can be used at low temperatures, Yb{sub 2}MgSi{sub 2} exhibits a lower absolute value of Seebeck coefficient, higher electrical resistivity, and lower thermal conductivity over the measured temperature range. A maximum dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, of 0.0018 is achieved at around 200 K. (orig.)

ZrO2:Yb3+-Ho3+ phosphors with different Yb3+ doping concentration have been prepared by coprecipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and photoluminescence spectra were used to characterize the properties of ZrO2:Yb3+-Ho3+ phosphors. Different phases of ZrO2 can be obtained by changing the concentration of Yb3+. Under the 980 nm excitation, the sample gives a set of light: strong green (539 nm), weak red (670 nm) and near-infrared (760 nm). The upconversion luminescence is based on two-photon absorption by the energy transfer from the donor (Yb3+) to the acceptor (Ho3+). All the results indicate that ZrO2:Yb3+-Ho3+ phosphors could be a promising biological labelling material.

Full Text Available Autogenous laser welding of 5.0 mm thick butt joints of thermomechanically rolled steel S700MC was investigated. The Yb:YAG disk laser TruDisk 3302 emitted at 1.03 μm was used for the trials of autogenous welding. The effect of laser welding parameters and thus thermal conditions of welding on weld shape, microstructure of weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ, tensile strength, bending angle, impact toughness and microhardness profile was determined. Studies have shown that it is advantageous to provide a high welding speed and low heat input. High cooling rate of weld metal and HAZ leads to the formation of a favorable structure characterized by a large proportion of fine-grained acicular ferrite and provides high mechanical properties of butt joints.

We report the demonstration of a high-power single-side-pumped Yb:YAG planar waveguide amplifier seeded by an Yb:KYW femtosecond laser. Five passes through the amplifier yielded 700-fs pulses with average powers of 50 W at 1030 nm. A numerical simulation of the amplifier implied values for the laser transition saturation intensity, the small-signal intensity gain coefficient and the gain bandwidth of 10.0 kW cm(-2), 1.6 cm(-1), and 3.7 nm respectively, and identified gain-narrowing as the dominant pulse-shaping mechanism.

The intermetallic bronze YbPd sub 3 S sub 4 is shown to be a heterogeneous mixed-valence system, by means of sup 1 sup 7 sup 0 Yb Moessbauer spectroscopy and x-ray L sub I sub I sub I -edge absorption and magnetic measurements. Two valence states coexist in this compound: Yb sup 3 sup + and close-to-divalent Yb. The trivalent fraction (about 50%) undergoes a transition to magnetic ordering at about 2 K, with the GAMMA sub 7 doublet as the ground crystal field state. The possibility of charge (or valence) ordering is discussed. (letter to the editor)

Within the field of thermoelectric materials for energy conversion magnesium silicide, Mg2Si, is an outstanding candidate due to its low density, abundant constituents and low toxicity. However electronic and thermal tuning of the material is a required necessity to improve its Figure of Merit, zT. Doping of Yb via reactive YbH2 into the structure is performed with the goal of reducing the thermal conductivity. Hydrogen is released as a by-product at high temperatures allowing for facile incorporation of Yb into the structure. We report on the properties of Yb-and Bi-doped Mg2Si prepared with MgH2 and YbH2 with the focus on the synthetic conditions, and samples' microstructure, investigated by various electron microscopy techniques. Yb is found in the form of both Yb3Si5 inclusions and Yb dopant segregated at the grain boundary substituting for Mg. The addition of 1 at% Yb concentration reduced the thermal conductivity, providing a value of 30 mW/cm K at 800 K. In order to adjust carrier concentration, the sample is additionally doped with Bi. The impact of the microstructure on the transport properties of the obtained material is studied. Idealy, the reduction of the thermal conductivity is achieved by doping with Yb and the electronic transport is adjusted by doping with Bi. Large grain microstructure facilitates the electronic transport. However, the synthetic conditions that provide the optimized microstructure for electrical transport do not facilitate the additional Yb dopant incorporation. Therefore, the Yb and Bi containing sample with the optimized microstructure provides a zT=0.46 at 800 K.

Within the field of thermoelectric materials for energy conversion magnesium silicide, Mg2Si, is an outstanding candidate due to its low density, abundant constituents and low toxicity. However electronic and thermal tuning of the material is a required necessity to improve its Figure of Merit, zT. Doping of Yb via reactive YbH2 into the structure is performed with the goal of reducing the thermal conductivity. Hydrogen is released as a by-product at high temperatures allowing for facile incorporation of Yb into the structure. We report on the properties of Yb- and Bi-doped Mg2Si prepared with MgH2 and YbH2 with the focus on the synthetic conditions, and samples' microstructure, investigated by various electron microscopy techniques. Yb is found in the form of both Yb3Si5 inclusions and Yb dopant segregated at the grain boundary substituting for Mg. The addition of 1 at% Yb concentration reduced the thermal conductivity, providing a value of 30 mW/cm K at 800 K. In order to adjust carrier concentration, the sample is additionally doped with Bi. The impact of the microstructure on the transport properties of the obtained material is studied. Idealy, the reduction of the thermal conductivity is achieved by doping with Yb and the electronic transport is adjusted by doping with Bi. Large grain microstructure facilitates the electronic transport. However, the synthetic conditions that provide the optimized microstructure for electrical transport do not facilitate the additional Yb dopant incorporation. Therefore, the Yb and Bi containing sample with the optimized microstructure provides a zT=0.46 at 800 K.

The structures and thermal expansion properties of Lu2-xFex Mo3O12 have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD).XRD patterns at room temperature indicate that componnds Lu2 xFexMo3O12 with x ≤ 1.3 exhibit an orthorhombic structure with space group Pnca;compounds with x =1.5 and 1.7 have a monoclinic structure with space group P21/a.Studies on thermal expansion properties show that the linear thermal expansion coefficients of orthorhombic phase vary from negative to positive with increasing Fe content.Attempts to make zero thermal expansion materials indicate that zero thermal expansion can be observed in Lu1.3Feo.7Mo3O12 in the temperature range of 200-400°C.

A nanopowder of Lu2O3:Eu3+ ( C Eu = 5 at.%) was obtained by coprecipitation with urea (NH2)2CO from aqueous solutions. Using this nanopowder, compact Lu2O3:Eu3+ films with thicknesses within 20-200 μm and a relative density up to 65% of the theoretical limit were deposited using the spin-coating and painting techniques. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray luminescence (XRL) measurements. It is established that the XRL intensity depends on the phosphor/organic binder ratio and thickness of the film. The most intense XRL and most homogeneous structure are observed for 20-μm-thick Lu2O3:Eu3+ films.

Here we extend the research of the (R,Ca)MnO3 perovskites to the smallest- R end member (Lu,Ca)MnO3 . Magnetic and magnetotransport properties of the (Lu1-xCax)MnO3 system are systematically investigated in regard to carrier doping. It is found that hole doping into the antiferromagnetic x=0.0 phase, LuMnO3 , causes a spin-glass-like magnetic competition in the wide doping range of 0.1≤x≤0.6 , whereas electron doping into the antiferromagnetic x=1.0 phase, CaMnO3 , induces a large magnetoresistance effect for 0.8≤x≤0.95 .

In this study, we labeled trastuzumab with {sup 177}Lu to synthesize a new radiopharmaceutical for therapy of breast cancer and at the first stage investigated its therapeutic effects on SKBr3 and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines. Trastuzumab-{sup 177}Lu showed very good in-vitro characteristics such as high radiochemical purity (91{+-}0.9%), good stability in PBS buffer (86{+-}2.3%) and blood serum (81{+-}2.7%) up to 96 h, appropriate immunoreactivity (85.4{+-}1.1%) and high cytotoxicity in HER2 expression cells. 5 fold increase in toxicity of trastuzumab-{sup 177}Lu was observed when compared with unlabeled trastuzumab on SKBr3 cells.

In order to obtain new scintillator with higher effective atomic number, a pyrosilicate crystal with a composition (Ce{sub 0.01}, Gd{sub 0.54}, La{sub 0.25}, Lu{sub 0.20}){sub 2}Si{sub 2}O{sub 7} (Ce:LaLu-GPS) was grown by the floating zone method. Emission wavelengths of this material were at 370 and 390 nm. Gamma-ray-excited pulse height and scintillation decay measurement showed that Ce:LaLu-GPS had a light output of 34,000±2000 photons/MeV, an FWHM energy resolution of 6.9±0.2%, and the decay time components of 59±1 ns (13%) and 570±20 ns (87%)

The procedure followed by the Nuclear Metrology Laboratory (LMN), at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), for the primary standardization of (177)Lu is described. This radionuclide is widely used in radiopharmacy due to its convenient half-life and emitted beta ray energies. The (177)Lu solution was supplied during an international comparison sponsored by BIPM in 2009 and the primary standardization has been accomplished by the 4pibeta-gamma coincidence method using a proportional counter in 4pi geometry coupled with two NaI(Tl) scintillation counters. The beta efficiency was varied by placing Collodion and aluminum absorbers over and under the radioactive source. The (177)Lu calibrated sources were also measured in a previously calibrated HPGe spectrometer, in order to obtain the emission probability per decay for the selected gamma-ray transitions. The experimental extrapolation curves were also compared with Monte Carlo simulations by means of code ESQUEMA developed at the LMN.

LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} is a compound showing fascinating magneto electric coupling via charge ordering. Electronic and magnetic properties of the charge ordered phase of LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} are investigated by means of X-ray spectroscopic and theoretical electronic structure approaches. We identified the electronic states of the valence band by means of valence band XPS-, and XES-spectroscopies, and GGA+U first principles calculations. Moreover, by applying XMCD, we are able to identify the spin ground state of LuFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} in the charge ordered phase to be a 2:1 ferrimagnetic configuration, ruling out a frustrated magnetic state.

Full Text Available Efficient implicit predictor-corrector LU-SGS discontinuous Galerkin (DG approach for compressible Euler equations on unstructured grids is investigated by adding the error compensation of high-order term. The original LU-SGS and GMRES schemes for DG method are discussed. Van Albada limiter is employed to make the scheme monotone. The numerical experiments performed for the transonic inviscid flows around NACA0012 airfoil, RAE2822 airfoil, and ONERA M6 wing indicate that the present algorithm has the advantages of low storage requirements and high convergence acceleration. The computational efficiency is close to that of GMRES scheme, nearly 2.1 times greater than that of LU-SGS scheme on unstructured grids for 2D cases, and almost 5.5 times greater than that of RK4 on unstructured grids for 3D cases.

Full Text Available Normal 0 21 false false false TR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Productions of folk literature consist of emotions, desires, needs, social textures, life dynamisms as well as all accepted behaviours and toughts of a society. Folk dances which is a one dimension of folk literature conveys clues of events that happened in the history up to current times. Story of Sepetcioğlu represents a folk hero who stands for protecting its people. As a version of “zeybek” folk dances, Sepetcioğlu takes an important place in Turkish culture with its swift figures, its story and with its folk song. This study aims document characteristics of Sepetçioğlu folk dance, including its song and its story.

Full Text Available The aim of this study is to determine the planning rules of the arboretum to be established in Trakya University Güllapoğlu Campus and propose landscape plan. In thıs study, several researches are made on Trakya University Güllapoğlu Arboretum in Trakya University Campus in Edirne. First of all the concept of “Arboretum”, functions, planning and application criteria and the properties of arboretums in Turkey and other countries are studied. The socio-economical structure of Edirne where Güllapoğlu arboretum will be established is studied and the establishg reasons of arboretum in Edirne were determined. Afterwords the natural properties [slop, soil, flora] of the arboretum are collected and the results are analysed.

The main features of the Pr doped Lu3Al5O12 (Pr:LuAG) scintillating crystals for X-ray spectroscopy applications have been studied using different radioactive sources and photo-detectors. Pr:LuAG is cheaper, compared to a Germanium detector, but with remarkable properties which make it useful for many applications, from fundamental physics measurements to the PET imaging for medical purposes: high density, elevate light yield, fast response, high energy resolution, no hygroscopicity. A sample of Pr:LuAG crystals with 14 mm×14 mm surface area and 13 mm thickness and a NaI crystal of the same surface and 26 mm thickness used as a reference have been characterized with several radioactive sources, emitting photons in the range 100-1000keV. Different light detectors were adopted for the Pr:LuAG studies, sensitive to its UV emission (peak at 310 nm): a 3 in. PMT (Hamamatsu R11065) and new arrays of Hamamatsu SiPM S13361, with siliconic resin as a window. Preliminary results are presented on the performance of the Pr:LuAG crystals, to be mounted in a 2 × 2 array to be tested in the 2015 run of the FAMU experiment at RIKEN-RAL muon facility. The goal is the detection of the X-rays (around 130 keV) emitted during the de-excitation processes of the muonic hydrogen after the excitation with an IR laser with wavelength set at the resonance of the hyperfine splitting, to measure the muonic atom proton radius with unprecedented precision.

Patients with glioblastoma multiforme have a poor prognosis due to recurrences originating from spread cells. The use of radionuclide targeting might increase the chance of inactivating single tumor cells with minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissue. As a target, overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) may be used. A natural ligand to EGFR, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) is an attractive targeting agent due to its low molecular weight (6 kDa) and high affinity for EGFR. 177Lu (T(1/2) = 6.7 days) is a radionuclide well suited for treatment of small tumor cell clusters, since it emits relatively low-energy beta particles. The goal of this study was to prepare and preclinically evaluate both in vitro and in vivo the [177Lu]Bz-DTPA-EGF conjugate. The conjugate was characterized in vitro for its cell-binding properties, and in vivo for its pharmacokinetics and ability to target EGFR. [177Lu]Bz-DTPA-EGF bound to cultured U343 glioblastoma cells with an affinity of 1.9 nM. Interaction with EGFR led to rapid internalization, and more than 70% of the cell-associated radioactivity was internalized after 30 minutes of incubation. The retention of radioactivity was good, with more than 65% of the 177Lu still cell-associated after 2 days. Biodistribution studies of i.v. injected [177Lu]Bz-DTPA-EGF in NMRI mice demonstrated a rapid blood clearance. Most of the radioactivity was found in the liver and kidneys. The liver uptake was receptor-mediated, since it could be significantly reduced by preinjection of unlabeled EGF. In conclusion, [177Lu]Bz-DTPA-EGF seems to be a promising candidate for locoregional treatment of glioblastoma due to its high binding affinity, low molecular weight, and ability to target EGFR in vivo.

Patients with somatostatin receptor-expressing neuroendocrine tumours can be treated with intravenously administered (177)Lu-octreotate. Few patients are cured with the present protocol due to the current dose limitation of normal organs at risk, such as the kidneys. By locally administering (177)Lu-octreotate to the liver for the purpose of treating liver metastases, a substantially reduced absorbed dose to organs at risk could be achieved. The development of such a technique requires the capability of measuring the (177)Lu activity concentration in tissues in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate different performance parameters of two commercially available intraoperative gamma detectors in order to investigate whether intraoperative gamma detector measurements could be used to determine (177)Lu activity concentration in vivo. Measurements were made using different sources containing (177)Lu. Response linearity, sensitivity, spatial resolution and its depth dependence, organ thickness dependence of the measured count rate and tumour detectability were assessed for two intraoperative gamma detectors. The two detectors (a scintillation and a semiconductor detector) showed differences in technical performance. For example, the sensitivity was higher for the scintillation detector, while the spatial resolution was better for the semiconductor detector. Regarding organ thickness dependence and tumour detectability, similar results were obtained for both detectors, and even relatively small simulated tumours of low tumour-to-background activity concentration ratios could be detected. Acceptable results were obtained for both detectors, although the semiconductor detector proved more advantageous for our purpose. The measurements demonstrated factors that must be corrected for, such as organ thickness or dead-time effects. Altogether, intraoperative gamma detector measurements could be used to determine (177)Lu activity concentration in vivo.

LaOBr:Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanofibers were synthesized for the first time by calcinating electrospun PVP/[La(NO3)3 + Er(NO3)3 + Yb(NO3)3 + NH4 Br] composites. The morphology and properties of the final products were investigated in detail using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that LaOBr:Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanofibers are tetragonal in structure with a space group of P4/nmm. The diameter of LaOBr:Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanofibers is ~ 147 nm. Under the excitation of a 980-nm diode laser, LaOBr:Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanofibers emit strong green and red up-conversion emission centering at 519, 541 and 667 nm, ascribed to the (2)H11/2, (4)S3/2 → (4) I(15/2) and (4)F9/2 → (4)I(15/2) energy-level transitions of Er(3+) ions, respectively. The up-conversion luminescent mechanism of LaOBr:Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanofibers is advanced. Moreover, near-infrared emission of LaOBr:Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanofibers is obtained under the excitation of a 532-nm laser. The formation mechanism of LaOBr:Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanofibers is proposed. LaOBr:Yb(3+)/Er(3+) nanofibers could be important up-conversion luminescent materials.

lectronic structure of the Kondo lattices YbNiX{sub 3} (X =Si, Ge) has been investigated by means of hard x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) with hν = 5.95 keV. From the Yb 3d HAXPES spectra, the Yb valence in YbNiSi{sub 3} is estimated to be ∝ 2.92, which is almost temperature-independent. On the other hand, the valence in YbNiGe{sub 3} is estimated to be 2.48 at 300 K, showing significant valence fluctuation, and gradually decreases to 2.41 at 20 K on cooling. The Ni 2p{sub 3/2} and Yb{sup 3+} 4f peaks exhibit opposite energy shifts amounting to ∝ 0.6 eV between YbNiSi{sub 3} and YbNiGe{sub 3}. We propose a simple model for the electronic structure of YbNiX{sub 3} based on the HAXPES results. (copyright 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Atom order in the crystal structures of Yb2Cu2-xMg (x = 0.17; Mo2FeB2-type; P4/mbm; a = 0.75592(2) nm; c = 0.40282(1) nm) and Yb9+xCuMg4-x (x = 0.034; Hf9Mo4B-type; P63/mmc; a = 1.0169(5) nm; c = 1.0290(5) nm) was determined from powder and X-ray single-crystal counter data analyses supported by electron probe microanalyses. Among the group of the so-called κ-phases, Yb9+xCuMg4-x is the first representative formed by a lanthanoid element. The structure of this κ-phase can be viewed as a typical network of corner-connected empty Yb6-octahedra, which encompass Yb6Mg6-icosahedra (filled by a mix of Mg/Yb atoms) and Yb6-trigonal prisms centered by Cu atoms to complete the three-dimensional metal framework. From another point of view, the same structure is considered as built from infinite polyicosahedral columns of Yb9Mg4 composition with Cu atoms located in trigonal prismatic interstices, highlighting similarities with other Yb-rich Yb-Cu-Mg phases. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations classify Yb9CuMg4 as a polar intermetallic. Metallic-like behavior is inferred from the Sommerfeld constant, γ = 49.2 mJ/mol·K(2), derived from the electronic density of states, calculated at the Fermi level. DFT integration of the f-density of states indicates almost completely filled f-states, revealing 13.6 and 13.7 electrons in the valence band for Yb1 and Yb2 atoms, respectively, close to the Yb(2+) ground state ((1)S0) for both Yb atoms. Magnetic susceptibility data recorded on the same compound are consistent with a nonmagnetic divalent Yb(2+) state. Temperature-dependent heat capacity data display a metallic behavior characterized by a small Sommerfeld constant γ = 64.8 mJ/mol·K(2) and a rather low Debye temperature ΘD = 140 K as typical for soft materials.

The electronic structure, elastic, and optical properties of CaF{sub 2} and Yb-doped CaF{sub 2} are investigated by the first-principles calculations. The obtained lattice parameters, band structure, density of state, elastic constants, and imaginary part of dielectric function ε{sub 2} for CaF{sub 2} agree well with the experimental and other theoretical results. A good comparison of the properties is made between CaF{sub 2} and Yb:CaF{sub 2}, and it is found that: firstly, Yb doping leads to the crystal structure distortion of CaF{sub 2} and reduction of the elastic constants. Secondly, an impurity band is found at the top of valence band in the band structure of Yb:CaF{sub 2} and contributes to the bandgap narrowing. Thirdly, the peaks at about 26 eV in the optical curves disappear after Yb doping, and the remaining two peaks shift towards the longer-wavelength side, with the peak intensities drop down, indicating that Yb doping makes the ultraviolet transmittance of the system improve and the range of light in the UV region widen. Furthermore, Yb doping induces new peaks in the optical curves, which may be caused by 4f electron transitions of Yb atom. Finally, the transmittance of the doped system increases when the Yb-doped proportion decreases.

Both Lu You and Elizabeth Barrett Browning enjoy great popularity as a poet.In this paper I compare and contract Lu You’s well-known love ci-poem Phoenix Hairpin with Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s famous Sonnets from the Portuguese (43) in respect of theme,style,and way of expression.

Four low-dimensional ytterbium(iii)-organic compounds through hydrothermal reactions of quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (2,3-H2qldc) and oxalic acid (H2ox) with Yb2O3, namely, [Yb(2,3-qldc)(ox)1/2(H2O)3·(H2O)4]n (1), [Yb(2,3-qldc)(ox)1/2(H2O)2·(H2O)2]n (2), [Yb(2,3-Hqldc)(ox)(H2O)2·(H2O)]n (3) and [Yb(2,3-Hqldc)(ox)(H2O)·(H2O)2]n (4), were first synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis (EA), infrared spectroscopy (IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. When the reactant ratio of 2,3-H2qldc : H2ox : Yb2O3 is 2 : 1 : 1, 1-D chain-like complex 1 with three coordinated water molecules around the Yb(iii) ion was obtained in mixed solvents of H2O and CH3OH (v : v = 10 : 1) at 70 °C, and with the increase of temperature to 100 °C, the same reactants gave 2-D 6(3) topological layer-like complex 2 with two coordinated water molecules in the coordination sphere of the Yb(iii) ion. However, when the reactant ratio was changed to 1 : 1 : 1, two 2-D 6(3) topological layer-like complexes 3 (70 °C) and 4 (100 °C) were obtained at different temperatures, in which the coordination water molecules in 3 and 4 are two and one, respectively. Obviously, these results reveal that the reaction temperature and reactant ratios play critical roles in the structural direction of these low-dimensional compounds. Interestingly, with the gradual loss of coordination water molecules to the Yb(iii) ion, the near infrared (NIR) emission of four Yb(iii)-based compounds 1-4 can be gradually strengthened with increasing order of 1 complexes have tunable near infrared luminescence.

OS X and iOS Kernel Programming combines essential operating system and kernel architecture knowledge with a highly practical approach that will help you write effective kernel-level code. You'll learn fundamental concepts such as memory management and thread synchronization, as well as the I/O Kit framework. You'll also learn how to write your own kernel-level extensions, such as device drivers for USB and Thunderbolt devices, including networking, storage and audio drivers. OS X and iOS Kernel Programming provides an incisive and complete introduction to the XNU kernel, which runs iPhones, i

We present data on the magnetic and magnetoelastic coupling in the hexagonal multiferroic manganite LuMnO3 from inelastic neutron scattering, magnetization, and thermal-expansion measurements. We measured the magnon dispersion along the main symmetry directions and used this data to determine the principal exchange parameters from a spin-wave model. An analysis of the magnetic anisotropy in terms of the crystal field acting on the Mn is presented. We compare the results for LuMnO3 with data on other hexagonal RMnO3 compounds.

A 51-year-old man with a recurrent metastatic esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma) was referred for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). He received 4 treatments of 111In-octreotide over 8 months and 3 treatments of 177Lu-DOTATATE over 4 months, which helped alleviate his symptoms and improved his quality of life; however, the tumor ultimately progressed and he passed away shortly thereafter. PRRT with 111In-octreotide or 177Lu-DOTATATE could play a role in the management of esthesioneuroblastoma.

A double-sided Si-strip detector system has been installed and commissioned at the focal plane of the Recoil Mass Spectrometer at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. The system can be used for heavy charged particle emission studies with half-lives as low as a few {micro}sec. In this paper the authors present identification and study of the decay properties of the five new proton emitters: {sup 140}Ho, {sup 141m}Ho, {sup 145}Tm, {sup 150m}Lu and {sup 151m}Lu.

LSO/LuYAP phoswich detectors for small animal PET were developed to measure the depth of interaction (DOI), and to improve the spatial resolution at the edge of the field of view (FOV). The aim of this study was to optimize the optical coupling conditions between the crystal and photomultiplier tube (PMT) to maximize the light-collection efficiency, and to develop a method for rejecting scatter events by applying an equal energy window in each crystal layer. The light yields of the phoswich detector were estimated by changing the refractive index of the optical coupling material using a DETECT simulation. The accuracy of the DOI measurement on the phoswich detector, using an optical coupling material with the optimal light yield, were evaluated experimentally and compared with the air condition. The energy window for the photopeak events cannot be applied properly because the light outputs of LSO and LuYAP are different. The LSO/LuYAP photopeaks need to be superposed in order to effectively discriminate the scattered events by applying an equal energy window. The photopeaks of the LSO and LuYAP can be superposed by inserting a reflecting material between the crystals. The optimal coverage ratio of the inserting material was derived from a DETECT simulation, and its performance was investigated. In the simulation result, optimal refractive index of the optical coupling material was 1.7. The average DOI measurement errors of the LSO/LuYAP were 0.6%/3.4% and 4.9%/41.4% in the phoswich detector with and without an optical coupling material, respectively. The photopeaks of the LSO and LuYAP were superposed by covering 75% of the contact surface between the crystals with white Teflon. The DOI measurement errors of the LSO/LuYAP were 0.2%/2.4%. In this study, the optimal condition of the optical coupling material inserted between the crystal and PMT was derived to improve the accuracy of DOI measurement, and a photopeak superposition method of the LSO and LuYAP was

The goal of this dissertation was the development of a process to produce non carrier added {sup 177}Lu at the FRM II. For this purpose, preparative chromatographic methods were evaluated and applied. The highest quality of the nuclide which could only be achieved through a complex chemical process, has been already been proven by clinical studies to be very advantageous. The process has been built up in a hot cell as a semi-automated process and is now being adapted to the requirements of the 'Arzneimittelgesetz' in order to establish n.c.a. {sup 177}Lu as a pharmaceutical product.

We present a comprehensive de Haas-van Alphen study on the nonmagnetic borocarbide superconductor LuNi{sub 2}B{sub 2}C. The analysis of the angular-dependent effective masses for different bands in combination with full-potential density functional calculations allowed us to determine the mass-enhancement factors, {lambda}, for the different electronic bands and their wave-vector dependences. Our data clearly show the anisotropic multiband character of the superconductivity in LuNi{sub 2}B{sub 2}C.

This study examines the development and nature of the regulation of prostitution in Beyoğlu during the late Ottoman Empire with special emphasis on the way the regulationist regime reinforced existing patterns of class and gender domination. The regulation of prostitution became a matter of urgency in the last decades of the nineteenth century in Istanbul, particularly in Beyoğlu, the cosmopolitan centre of the city. Through this process, the protests of the local residents of the area objecting to the proliferation of prostitution in their neighbourhoods played a crucial role in prompting the governmental authorities to tighten the regulations.

Full Text Available Novel photocatalysts M2YbSbO7 (M=In, Gd, Y were synthesized by solid state reaction method for the first time. A comparative study on the structural and photocatalytic properties of M2YbSbO7 M2YbSbO7 (M=In, Gd, Y was reported. The results showed that In2YbSbO7, Gd2YbSbO7, and Y2YbSbO7 crystallized with the pyrochlore-type structure, cubic crystal system and space group Fd3m. For the photocatalytic water splitting reaction, H2 or O2 evolution was observed from pure water with In2YbSbO7, Gd2YbSbO7, or Y2YbSbO7 as the photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. (wavelength>420 nm. Moreover, under visible light irradiation (>420 nm, H2 and O2 were also evolved by using In2YbSbO7, Gd2YbSbO7, or Y2YbSbO7 as catalyst from CH3OH/H2O and AgNO3/H2O solutions respectively. The In2YbSbO7 photocatalyst showed the highest activity compared with Gd2YbSbO7 or Y2YbSbO7. At the same time, The Y2YbSbO7 photocatalyst showed higher activity compared with Gd2YbSbO7. The photocatalytic activities were further improved under visible light irradiation with In2YbSbO7, Gd2YbSbO7, or Y2YbSbO7 being loaded by Pt, NiO, or RuO2. The effect of Pt was better than that of NiO or RuO2 for improving the photocatalytic activity of In2YbSbO7, Gd2YbSbO7, or Y2YbSbO7.

Ionizing radiation has different types of interaction with a crystalline solid. However, only few effects are interesting to optimize some thermoluminescent (Tl) properties of certain Tl materials. This paper presents results obtained by irradiating KMgF{sub 3}: Lu + Ptfe Tl dosimeters with ultraviolet (UV) radiation previously exposed to gamma radiation. These results showed that those dosimeters not exposed previously to gamma radiation did not presented any Tl signal. Meanwhile, those previously submitted to gamma irradiation showed that their sensitivity was increased as the gamma dose increased. The glow curve of sensitized KMgF{sub 3}: Lu + Ptfe exposed to UV radiation, presented the dosimetric pea at 212 C. This makes this material to be promissory for measuring UV radiation. (Author)

Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) thin films with different Tb3+ concentration were prepared on carefully cleaned (111) silicon wafer by a Pechini process and dip-coating technique. Heat treatment was performed in the temperature range from 800 to 1100 ℃. The crystal structure was analyzed by XRD. The results show that LuAG film starts to crystallize at about 900 ℃, and the particle size increases with the sintering temperature. Excitation and emission spectra of Tb3+ doped LuAG films were measured. The effects of heat-treatment temperature and doping concentration of Tb3+ on the luminescent properties were also investigated. For a comparison study, Tb3+-doped LuAG powders were also prepared by the same sol-gel method.

Comparison of the luminescent properties of nanopowder, single crystal and single crystalline film of Pr3+ doped Pr-doped Lu3Al5O12 garnet (LuAG:Pr) prepared by the different technological methods is performed in this work using the time-resolved emission spectroscopy under excitation by synchrotron radiation with an energy of 3.7-25 eV at 300 K and 10 K. The notable differences in the properties of the Pr3+ luminescence are observed in LuAG:Pr crystals and films caused by involving the LuAl antisite defects and oxygen vacancies in crystals and Pb2+ flux related dopant in films in the excitation processes of the Pr3+ luminescence. At the same time, we have also found that the influence of host defects on the Pr3+ luminescence is significantly smaller in the LuAG:Pr nanopowders.

Full Text Available In order to establish connections between the general circulation tracks, and between these and station tracks, devices must be installed on the track which are able to move in a crosswise direction, there by permitting the choice of the appropriate path for the treads.
This device in general, is complex and its complexity increases at high speeds (> 200 km/h.
Following this, the article deals briefly with some of the solutions adopted to ensure movement on the shunts under optimal safety and comfort conditions, along with the extended useful life of this device in comparison with the conventional railroad.

At the New Horizons in Globular Cluster Astronomy conference (Padova, June 2002), two members of the VLT globular cluster team presented different views on the importance of heavy-element sedimentation in Population II stars: ``The lack of evidence for depletion of Fe and Li in the atmospheres of globular cluster subgiants led some people to suspect that, for unknown reasons, Population II stars are not affected by this mechanism.'' \\citep{Castellani_2003} and ``There should be some mechanism that prevents sedimentation.'' \\citep{Gratton_2003}. In this review, I will argue that the scepticism behind both these statements is justified. We recently revisited the results on sedimentation in NGC 6397 stars presented by {\\citet{Gratton_etal_2001}} using higher-quality VLT/FLAMES-UVES data \\citep{Korn_etal_2006,Korn_etal_2007}. Element-specific abundance trends were identified which agree with atomic-diffusion predictions, if turbulent mixing below the convective envelope is accounted for in a parametrized way. Have we thus detected signatures of Atomic Diffusion in Old Stars (ADiOS)? Or are these trends mere artefacts of Conspiring Inaccuracies in Abundance Observations (CIAO)?

Highlights: • Yb substituted α-nickel hydroxide was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted precipitation. • The electrode for 1.44 wt.% Yb has the highest capacity of 295.1 mAh/g at 0.2 C. • EDS spectrum was tested to show that Yb distributing in the lattice of α-Ni(OH){sub 2} uniformly. • The FWHM of peaks were marked to show the directional growth of the crystallite. -- Abstract: Nano-sized Yb-substituted α-Ni(OH){sub 2} was synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted precipitation, using nickel sulfate as nickel source and Yb(NO{sub 3}){sub 3}⋅5H{sub 2}O as doping material. The crystal structure, morphology, and particle size distribution of the sample were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and laser particle size analyzer (PSD). The results indicate that the samples are anisotropic polycrystalline α-Ni(OH){sub 2} with particle size of 50–200 nm, and the particle size increases with Yb-doping. The synthesized samples were tested in Ni-MH battery. The specific capacity increases initially and then decreases with increasing Yb-doping ratio with the maximum discharge capacity of 295.1 mAh/g at 0.2 C, which is 60 mAh/g higher than the micro-sized spherical nickel electrode. At the same time, the prepared material has lower charging voltage, higher discharge voltage plateau, and better cycle performance.

Yb{sup 3+}/Er{sup 3+} codoped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) porous nanocrystals were prepared by glycolate method assisted with poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA) and urea. The typical cubic structure for YAG was confirmed from XRD with crystallite average size of ∼40 nm, calculated from Scherrer formula and corroborated by TEM. Strong green and red upconversion emissions are observed readily with the naked eyes, and the color coordinates were obtained from emission spectra. A theoretical model to calculate CIE coordinate as a function of donor (Yb{sup 3+}) and acceptors (Er{sup 3+}) concentration is proposed. The eye-safe near infrared emitted signal and fluorescence lifetime were also measured and results show lifetime as large as 8.5 ms. The maximum energy transfer efficiency from Yb{sup 3+} to Er{sup 3+} was 72% for 20 mol% of Yb{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The proposed mechanisms for signal emitted are explained in terms of direct and energy back transfer processes, and cross relaxation. - Highlights: • Strong upconversion emission were observed in YAG:Er{sup 3+}–Yb{sup 3+} samples. • Color emission can be tuned from green to red by choosing properly the Yb{sup 3+} concentration. • The experimental colour coordinates match very well with the proposed theoretical model. • Cross relaxation and energy back transfer are mainly responsible for the red emission. • Fluorescence lifetime of {sup 4}I{sub 13/2} level increase with the Yb{sup 3+} concentration.

Magnetic properties of YbCr1-x Ru x O3 as a function of temperature and magnetic field have been investigated to explore the intriguing magnetic phenomena in rare-earth orthochromites. A quantitative analysis of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the mixed valence state (Yb3+ and Yb2+) of Yb ions for the highest doped sample. Field-cooled magnetization reveals a broad peak around 75 K and then becomes zero at about 20-24 K, due to the antiparallel coupling between Cr3+ and Yb3+ moments. An increase of the Ru4+ ion concentration leads to a slight increase of compensation temperature T comp from 20 to 24 K, but the Néel temperature remains constant. A larger value of the magnetic moment of Yb ions gives rise to negative magnetization at low temperature. An external magnetic field significantly modifies the temperature dependent magnetization. Simulation of temperature dependent magnetization data, below T N, based on the three (two) magnetic sub-lattice model predicts stronger intra-sublattice exchange interaction than that of inter-sublattice. Thermal hysteresis and Arrot plots suggest first order magnetic phase transition. Random substitution of Ru4+ ion reduces the magnetic relaxation time. Weak ferromagnetic component in canted antiferromagnetic system and negative internal magnetic field cause zero-field-cooled exchange bias effect. Large magnetocrystalline anisotropy associated with Ru creates high coercivity in the Ru doped sample. A maximum value of magnetocaloric effect is found around the antiferromagnetic ordering of Yb3+ ions. Antiferromagnetic transition at about 120 K and temperature induced magnetization reversal lead to normal and inverse magnetocaloric effects in the same material.

Lead borate glass samples doped with the tripositive lanthanide ions Pr 3+ and Yb 3+ were synthesized by the conventional melting-quenching method. The luminescence properties and energy transfer process from Pr 3+ to Yb 3+ were investigated. Upon ultraviolet excitation, the room temperature luminescence decay curve of a sample containing only a low concentration of Pr 3+ exhibited monoexponential decay from 1D 2 with the lifetime 37 μs, without emission from 3P 0. The room temperature Pr 3+ emission intensity decreased with the increase of Yb 3+ mole ratio in the glass. Under the excitation of 454.5 nm at 10 K, a broad red emission band centered at 605 nm, and an NIR emission band at 995 nm were observed in the co-doped lead borate glass, originating from Pr 3+ and Yb 3+ ions, respectively. The decay curves of the 1D 2 emission from Pr 3+ with addition of Yb 3+ in lead borate glass show non-monoexponential character, and are best described by a stretched exponential function. The average 1D 2 decay time decreases considerably with the addition of Yb 3+ in the glass. Decay curve fitting using a modified Inokuti-Hirayama expression indicates dipole-dipole energy transfer from Pr 3+ to Yb 3+, which is consistent with the expected cross-relaxation scheme. There is a good agreement of the estimated overall energy transfer efficiency obtained from the integrals under the normalized decay curves, or from the lifetimes fitted by the stretched exponential function, or from the average decay times.

Knowledge of planetary differentiation is crucial for understanding the chemical and thermal evolution of terrestrial planets. The (176)Lu-(176)Hf radioactive decay system has been widely used to constrain the timescales and mechanisms of silicate differentiation on Earth, but the data interpretation requires accurate estimation of Hf isotope evolution of the bulk Earth. Because both Lu and Hf are refractory lithophile elements, the isotope evolution can be potentially extrapolated from the present-day (176)Hf/(177)Hf and (176)Lu/(177)Hf in undifferentiated chondrite meteorites. However, these ratios in chondrites are highly variable due to the metamorphic redistribution of Lu and Hf, making it difficult to ascertain the correct reference values for the bulk Earth. In addition, it has been proposed that chondrites contain excess (176)Hf due to the accelerated decay of (176)Lu resulting from photoexcitation to a short-lived isomer. If so, the paradigm of a chondritic Earth would be invalid for the Lu-Hf system. Herein we report the first, to our knowledge, high-precision Lu-Hf isotope analysis of meteorite crystalline zircon, a mineral that is resistant to metamorphism and has low Lu/Hf. We use the meteorite zircon data to define the Solar System initial (176)Hf/(177)Hf (0.279781 ± 0.000018) and further to identify pristine chondrites that contain no excess (176)Hf and accurately represent the Lu-Hf system of the bulk Earth ((176)Hf/(177)Hf = 0.282793 ± 0.000011; (176)Lu/(177)Hf = 0.0338 ± 0.0001). Our results provide firm evidence that the most primitive Hf in terrestrial zircon reflects the development of a chemically enriched silicate reservoir on Earth as far back as 4.5 billion years ago.

Lutetium-177 is an emerging radionuclide due its convenient chemical and nuclear properties. In this paper we describe the development and evaluation in Uruguay of the targeted 177Lu labelled radiopharmaceuticals EDTMP (for bone pain palliation) and DOTA-TATE (neuroendocrine tumors). We optimized the preparation of these 177Lu radiopharmaceuticals including radiolabelling, quality control methods, in vitro and in vivo stability and their therapeutic application in patients. Radiation dosimetry aspects of 177Lu are also included. Nine male patients with prostate cancer and four female patients with breast carcinoma with multiple bone metastatic lesions were treated with 177Lu-EDTMP. Four patients with gastroentheropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEP-NET) and one patient with bronchial NET were treated with 1- 3 cycles with a cumulative dose of 4.44-22.2 GBq of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE. Scintigraphic images of the patients treated with 177Lu-EDTMP evidenced high and rapid uptake in bone metastasis, remaining after 7 days post administration. Images allow skeletal visualization with high definition and demonstrate increased uptake in bone metastases. For 177Lu-DOTA-TATE, partial remissions were obtained in 4 patients and the remaining patient did not show significant progression 3 months after the second cycle. No serious adverse effects were registered, even in two patients with confirmed renal disease and high risk for renal disease Dosimetry assessments confirm the predictive value of the personalized therapy with radiolabelled peptides. We found it is possible to accumulate high therapeutic doses in tumours in sequential administrations of 177Lu-DOTA-TATE, increasing the probability of biological response without significant impairment of the renal function in patients with risk factors. These results demonstrate the attractive therapeutic properties of these two 177Lu labelled agents and the feasibility of this metabolic therapy in regions far away from 177Lu producing

Learn the guidelines of integrating Java with native Mac OS X applications with this Devloper Reference book. Java is used to create nearly every type of application that exists and is one of the most required skills of employers seeking computer programmers. Java code and its libraries can be integrated with Mac OS X features, and this book shows you how to do just that. You'll learn to write Java programs on OS X and you'll even discover how to integrate them with the Cocoa APIs.: Shows how Java programs can be integrated with any Mac OS X feature, such as NSView widgets or screen savers; Re

Coast through OS X Mavericks with help from Dr. Mac and For Dummies Ready to make friends with Mavericks? Then, Dr. Mac's your man. Author and longtime Mac guru, Bob "Dr. Mac" LeVitus shares his witty insights and helpful tips in this full-color update to his bestselling OS X guide. You'll learn the basics of working with the Dock, Launchpad, and Mission Control before moving on to setting up your e-mail, surfing with Safari, organizing your files, and customizing OS X Mavericks for all you need your Mac to do. Familiarizes you with OS X essentials like navigating the desktop, connecting to

Measurements of the electric resistivity ρ (T ) under pressure up to 8 GPa were performed on high-quality single crystals of the Yb-based heavy-fermion system β -YbAlB4 in the temperature range 2 resistivity data, we observed pressure-induced magnetic ordering above the critical pressure Pc˜2 GPa. The clear difference in the phase diagram under pressure using two types of pressure media indicates that the transition temperature may be further enhanced under application of uniaxial pressure. With pressure, this phase-transition temperature TM is enhanced, reaching 32 K at 8 GPa, which is the highest transition temperature so far recorded for the Yb-based heavy-fermion compounds. The power-law exponent α in ρ =ρ0+A Tα below TM gradually changes from 3/2 to 5/2 with increasing pressure from 2 to 8 GPa. In contrast, the resistivity exhibits a T -linear behavior in the temperature range 2 ≤T ≤20 K and is insensitive to pressure below Pc. In this pressure regime, the magnetization is also nearly independent of pressure and shows no anomaly above 2 K. Our results indicate that a quantum critical point for β -YbAlB4 is also located near Pc in addition to the strange metal region near the ambient pressure.

Yb14MnSb11 is the most efficient bulk p-type thermoelectric material for high temperature applications. Materials with Y and Sc substitutions in Yb14MnSb11 were made both in Sn-flux and by ball milling. These small 3+ rare earth (RE) cations were introduced with the goal of providing chemical pressure on the structure. The RE3+ cation is smaller than Yb2+ and also donates one additional electron to this p-type semiconductor. In Yb14-xRExMnSb11 (RE = Sc, Y) the maximum x was about 0.5. X-ray diffraction experiments on the single crystals obtained from Sn-flux showed that Sc preferentially substitutes for Yb(1) and Yb(3), and decreases the size of the unit cell by about 0.3%. Y substitutes on all Yb sites and increases the size of the unit cell by about 0.2%. Samples with Yb14-xRExMnSb11 (x~0.3) were prepared via powder metallurgy and spark plasma sintering for transport and thermal conductivity measurements. Electron microprobe of the Sc-substituted sample showed small regions (≤1 μ m) containing greater amounts of Sc, and X-ray powder diffraction of the ball milled Sc sample could be fitted as phase pure Yb14-xScxMnSb11. Y-substituted samples showed larger regions of excess Y in electron microprobe, and small amounts of Yb4Sb3 in X-ray powder diffraction. The Sc sample has slightly reduced carrier concentration over optimized Yb14MnSb11, while the Y samples have even lower carrier concentrations. These carrier concentrations lead to comparable resistivity to Yb14MnSb11 in the Sc-substituted material, and higher resistivities in the Y-substituted material. All materials had similar Seebeck coefficients that slightly exceed Yb14MnSb11 at high temperatures, with the Sc-substituted sample having the highest despite having a higher carrier concentration. Sc-substituted samples also had a slightly higher thermal conductivity over the Y-substituted samples, which had comparable thermal conductivity to Yb14MnSb11. The zT values of the Sc and Y substituted samples are

Yb-doped fluoride crystals are of important another Yb-doped laser materials besides Yb-doped oxide, which are becoming one of interests for developing tunable lasers and ultrafast lasers. In this paper, the systematic and contrastive experiments of the optical spectral characteristics are presented for two types of home-made novel Yb-doped fluoride laser crystals, namely, Yb-doped CaF2-SrF2 mixed crystal and co-doped Yb, Y:CaF2 single crystal. The fluorescent features of Yb-doped CaF2-SrF2 mixed crystal and co-doped Yb, Y:CaF2 single crystal are apparently different by the fluorescence experiment. The physical mechanism of these fluorescence spectra were analyzed and proposed. The influence of doping concentrations of active Yb(3+) ions or co-doping Y ions on the absorption of Yb-doped CaF2-SrF2 mixed crystal and co-doped Yb, Y:CaF2 single crystal was experimentally investigated, and the optimal values of doping concentrations of active Yb(3+) ions or co-doping Y ions in the two types of fluoride laser crystals were obtained. Continuous-wave laser operation for the two novel fluoride laser crystals has been achieved in three-mirror-folded resonator using a laser diode as the pump source. Therein, the laser operation for the co-doped Yb, Y:CaF2 crystal is demonstrated for the first time. For the two types of fluoride laser crystals (four samples), the input-output power relational curves, the optical slope efficiencies and the laser spectra were demonstrated by the laser experiments. By comparisons between the two types of fluoride laser crystals in the absorbability, fluorescence and laser spectra, laser threshold and slope efficiency of the continuous-wave laser operation, the results show that the best one of the four samples in spectral and laser characteristics is co-doped 3at%Yb, 6at% Y:CaF2 single crystal, which has an expected potential in the application. The research results provide available references for improving further laser performance of Yb

The intermetalic YbNi{sub 2-x}Ge{sub 2+x} (-0.25>=x>=0.25) and YbCu{sub 2-x}Si{sub 2+x} (-0.20>=x>=0.20) alloy systems (CeGa{sub 2}Al{sub 2} -type crystal structure) were studied by measuring X-ray absorption and diffraction at room temperatures as well as electrical resistivity and thermopower in the 4.2-300K temperature range. The temperature dependence of the contribution of valence unstable Yb ions to the total electrical resistance has been analyzed. The qualitative estimation of this contribution has been performed by utilizing the following equation:{delta}{rho}{sub Yb}(T)={rho}{sub exp}(T)-{rho}{sub YbCu{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}}(T)-{delta}{rho}{sub 4.2K},where {delta}{rho}{sub YbCu{sub 2}Ge{sub 2}}(T) is the temperature dependence of YbCu{sub 2}Ge{sub 2} electrical resistance, {delta}{rho}{sub 4.2}={rho}{sub 4.2}(exp)-{rho}{sub 4.2}(YbCu{sub 2}Ge{sub 2})

We present Ytterbium-doped CaF2 as a laser active material with good prospects for high-power operation in thin-disk laser configuration owing to its favorable thermal properties. Thanks to its broad emission bandwidth the material is also suitable for the generation of ultra-short pulses. The properties of the crystal as well as the challenges related to the coating, polishing, mounting and handling processes which are essential to achieve high power laser oscillation in thin-disk configuration are discussed. A wavelength tunability of 92 nm is demonstrated, which confirms the potential of Yb:CaF2 for the generation of ultra-short pulses. An output power of 250 W with an optical efficiency of η opt = 47% was measured in CW multimode thin-disk laser operation with a pump spot diameter of 3.6 mm. Using a smaller pump spot diameter of 1 mm the fundamental mode output power was 13 W with an optical efficiency of η opt = 34%.

Coherent state approach (CSA) is applied to the interacting boson model (IBM) in the rotational region. States of the N particle system are built up in a most general form as a function of the shape parameters β and γ. The parameter χ occurring in the quadrupole operator which determines the degree of the γ-softness is taken to be varying with the boson number. The excitation energy equations are formed by using the moment of inertia of a rotating system which is obtained from the solution of the cranking problem. For each isotope, the deformation parameter is found by minimizing the ground state energy equation. The results are used to fit the experimental excitation energy spectrum and the electric quadrupole transition ratios of Yb isotopes. It is found that CSA works well to predict the energy of the states up to L = 10. But the predictions about the electric quadrupole transitions are nearly 1.5 times greater than the experimental data.

We have experimentally reported on a real-time single-shot spectroscopy of a broadband Yb-doped fiber (YDF) laser which based on a nonlinear polarization evolution by using a time-stretched dispersive Fourier transformation technique. We have measured an 8000 consecutive single-shot spectra of mode locking and noise-like pulse (NLP), because our developed broadband YDF oscillator can individually operate the mode locking and NLP by controlling a pump LD power and angle of waveplates. A shot-to-shot spectral fluctuation was observed in NLP. For the investigation of pulse formation dynamics, we have measured the spectral evolution in an initial fluctuations of mode locked broadband YDF laser at an intracavity dispersion of 1500 and 6200 fs2 for the first time. In both case, a build-up time between cw and steady-state mode locking was estimated to be 50 us, the dynamics of spectral evolution between cw and mode locking, however, was completely different. A shot-to-shot strong spectral fluctuation, as can be seen in NLP spectra, was observed in the initial timescale of 20 us at the intracavity dispersion of 1500 fs2. These new findings would impact on understanding the birth of the broadband spectral formation in fiber laser oscillator.

We report the first waveguide laser based on a rare-earth-doped sesquioxide. A 2 μm thick lattice matched Nd(0.5%):${(Gd, Lu)_2O_3}$ film with a nearly atomically flat surface has been epitaxially grown on a $Y_2O_3$ substrate, using pulsed laser deposition. The film has been structured with reactiv

Full Text Available The polynomial interpolation in one dimensional space R is an important method to approximate the functions. The Lagrange and Newton methods are two well known types of interpolations. In this work, we describe the semi inherited interpolation for approximating the values of a function. In this case, the interpolation matrix has the semi inherited LU factorization.

The ferroelectric hexagonal manganite, LuMnO3, has been investigated via neutron scattering and the pair density function analysis to determine the nature of the local atomic distortions with the antiferromagnetic transition, TN, of the Mn ions. While in previously reported neutron diffraction data, it was shown that all atomic coordinates changed based on symmetry considerations with TN, we hereby show that it is the ferroelectric motion of the Lu ions coupled with O distortions that exhibits a strong temperature dependence below TN as reflected in the Lu-O bonds. This suggests an enhancement of the net electric polarization below TN. At the same time, the motion of the apical O1 and O2 ions distorts the MnO5 bipyramids, leading to more buckling of the ab-layers. However, the Mn ions do not appear to distort significantly away from their equilibrium position. The oxygen distortions induced with the spin reorientations below TN may be the cause for the Lu ion displacements through electrostatic interactions and this in turn produces coupling to the electric dipole moments.

Our studies of Ho1- x Lu x B12 solid solutions have shown that the temperature of antiferromagnetic (AF) order in geometrically frustrated system of HoB12 ( T N = 7.4 K) is linearly suppressed to zero temperature, i.e. T N → 0, as lutetium concentration increases to x→ x c ≈ 0.9. In this contribution, we present original results of electrical resistivity measurements on Ho1- x Lu x B12 single crystalline samples with x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1 in the temperature range 0.06-300 K and in magnetic fields ( B) up to 8 T. Complex B vs T N phase diagrams were received from precise temperature ρ( T) and field ρ( B) dependences of resistivity with several AF phases for x ≤ 0.5 pointing to a possibility of quantum critical point at x c ≈ 0.9. The scattering of conduction electrons in the AF phase and in the paramagnetic phase as well as Hall effect results are analyzed and discussed for various concentrations x, when magnetic dilution increases with the increasing content of nonmagnetic Lu ions in the Ho1- x Lu x B12 system.

@@ A compact all-solid-state continuous-wave (CW) laser at 1047 nm is developed based on Nd:LuLF, which is grown through the Czochralski technique. From the laser system, 1.3-W laser can be obtained, which corresponds to the slope efficiencies of 20.1% and 49.5% with respect to the incident and absorbed pump powers, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest power level achieved at 1047 nm based on the Nd:LuLF crystal.%A compact all-solid-state continuous-wave (CW) laser at 1047 nm is developed based on Nd:LuLF, which is grown through the Czochralski technique. From the laser system, 1.3-W laser can be obtained, which corresponds to the slope efficiencies of 20.1％ and 49.5％ with respect to the incident and absorbed pump powers, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest power level achieved at 1047 nm based on the Nd:LuLF crystal.

High-order stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) has been revealed in a LuAlO3 crystal upon stationary picosecond laser excitation. All recorded Stokes and anti-Stokes χ(3)-nonlinear laser components are attributed to three SRS-promoting A g vibrational modes of its octahedral anionic units (AlO3)-3.

Nanosized terbium doped Lu2O3 phosphors were synthesized via a modified co-precipitation processing.The as-prepared Tb:Lu2O3 phosphors was consisted of well crystallized nanosized sphere particles with a diameter of about 30 nnx Local structure of Tb ions in Lu2O3 lattice was investigated by an analytical approach based on Fourier transformation of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) data.X-ray near edge structure (XANES) spectra suggested that all Tb ions doped were tervalonce.EXAFS results indicated that Tb ions have entered the Lu2O3 cubic lattice by means of solid solution.The coordination number and first shell Tb-O distance dropped with the increasing of Tb concentration.Emission spectra of the phosphors was shown to be typical for Tb3+ with main components at 542,550 and 490 nm,derived from irradiative relaxation of 5D4 level.The emission intensity decreased severely with the increasing of Tb concentration from 1 mol.% to 15 tool.%,suggesting a significant concentration quenching above 1 mol.% Tb.The reduction of emission intensity was interpreted by higher distortion derived relaxation among the surface state resident Tb3+ ions.

In this paper we present a new parallel algorithm for the LU decomposition of a general sparse matrix Among its features are matrix redistribution at regular intervals and a dynamic pivot search strategy that adapts itself to the number of pivots produced. Experimental results obtained on a network

Full Text Available The authors present a continuous-wave slab laser utilising both Ho:YLF and Ho:LuLF as laser gain media. 30 W of output power at 2 µm was demonstrated in a stable concave-plane resonator while 13 W was achieved in a hybrid stable...

A large number of half-Heusler compounds have been recently proposed as three-dimensional (3D) topological insulators (TIs) with tunable physical properties. However, no transport measurements associated with the topological surface states have been observed in these half-Heusler candidates due to the dominating contribution from bulk electrical conductance. Here we show that, by reducing the mobility of bulk carriers, a two-dimensional (2D) weak antilocalization (WAL) effect, one of the hallmarks of topological surface states, was experimentally revealed from the tilted magnetic field dependence of magnetoconductance in a topologically nontrivial semimetal LuPdBi. Besides the observation of a 2D WAL effect, a superconducting transition was revealed at T c ∼ 1.7â.K in the same bulk LuPdBi. Quantitative analysis within the framework of a generalized BCS theory leads to the conclusion that the noncentrosymmetric superconductivity of LuPdBi is fully gapped with a possibly unconventional pairing character. The co-existence of superconductivity and the transport signature of topological surface states in the same bulk alloy suggests that LuPdBi represents a very promising candidate as a topological superconductor.

Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) with bispecific antibodies in combination with a radiolabeled peptide reduces the radiation dose to normal tissues, especially the bone marrow. In this study, the optimization, therapeutic efficacy, and toxicity of PRIT of colon cancer with a (177)Lu-labeled pep

Crystal-field parameters have been deduced for the light rare-earth solutes Ce, Pr, and Nd in Y or Lu hosts from measurements of the paramagnetic susceptibilities. In the analysis all multiplets in the lowest LS term were included. For a given host, crystal-field parameters divided by Stevens fac...

Luminescent properties of the ytterbium doped zinc selenide crystals with various concentrations of the doping impurity in 0.03–8 at % range within the temperature interval from 6 K to 300 K were studied. It was shown that ytterbium does not form any proper photoluminescence (PL) bands in the visible spectral range, but it has significant influence on the crystals luminescent properties by changing their defect composition. An attempt to determine ytterbium ion surroundings in the crystal lattice was made based on the obtained experimental results. An assumption about simultaneous compensation of donor and acceptor defects as a result of doping annealing in Zn+X at % Yb melt was made. -- Highlights: • ZnSe:Yb crystals with Yb concentration within 0.03–8 at% range were obtained • Temperature and concentration dependences of ZnSe:Yb PL properties were studied • Ytterbium impurity contribution to formation of the PL bans was determined • A model explaining Yb interaction with native and extrinsic defects was proposed.

We report the study of transport and magnetic properties of the YbB{sub 6-δ}single crystals grown by inductive zone melting. A strong disparity in the low temperature resistivity, Seebeck and Hall coefficients is established for the samples with the different level of boron deficiency. The effective parameters of the charge transport in YbB{sub 6-δ} are shown to depend on the concentration of intrinsic defects, which is estimated to range from 0.09% to 0.6%. The pronounced variation of Hall mobility μ{sub H} found for bulk holes is induced by the decrease of transport relaxation time from τ ∼ 7.7 fs for YbB{sub 5.994} to τ ∼ 2.2 fs for YbB{sub 5.96}. An extra contribution to conductivity from electrons with μ{sub H}∼ -1000 cm{sup 2} V{sup -1} s{sup -1} and the very low concentration n /n{sub Yb}∼ 10{sup -6} discovered below 20 K for all the single crystals under investigation is suggested to arise from the surface electron states appeared in the inversion layer due to the band bending. (copyright 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The transparent electrically conductive composite materials ABO{sub 2} (A = Li, Na; B = Y, Yb) were synthesized under high temperature solid-state reactions from A{sub 2}O and B{sub 2}O{sub 3}. The synthesized compounds have been investigated by Rietveld analysis, giving the crystal (monoclinic, c12/c1, a = 611.6 pm) for LiYO2, (monoclinic, p121/c1, a = 999 pm) for NaYO{sub 2}, (trigonal, R3-bar m, a = 335.2 pm) for NaYbO{sub 2}, (tetragonal, I4{sub 1}/amd, a = 438.6 pm) for LiYbO{sub 2}. Optical properties of the four compounds were studied by UV-vis spectral measurements, results show each of the compounds has an optical band gap more than 3.3 eV which is the standard for transparent property. Electrical conductivities of the four compounds have been studied by two probe direct current electrical conductivity measurements. The results show with increasing heating temperature, an obvious increase in electrical conductivity was observed for each compound. Also, the crystal energy band structure of each compound has been studied by using density functional theory code CASTEP. The results show the solid-state compounds of NaYO{sub 2}, NaYbO{sub 2} and LiYbO{sub 2} are semiconductors with direct band gaps, LiYO{sub 2} is a semiconductor with an indirect band gap.

Highlights: • Ca substituting Yb element in Bi-2212 single crystal. • The critical current density of this sample is the highest without the optimal Tc value. • The Cu–O{sub 2} and Ca–O layers in pure and doping samples are observed using HRTEM. • The optimal defect density is calculated. - Abstract: Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 1−x}Yb{sub x}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+δ} (Bi-2212) single crystals with x = 0.000, 0.005, 0.010 and 0.020 have been prepared by self-flux method. The influences of Yb doping on the formation of the dislocations in the lattice structures, as well as the related current carrying capability are investigated. Due to the SQUID measurement and the Bean model calculation, the maximum critical current density (Jc) is obtained when the Yb doping content is x = 0.010, though the Tc and the carrier concentration are not in the optimal region. Based on the HRTEM analyses of the Ca–O and Cu–O{sub 2} layers, the optimal dislocation density in the Cu–O{sub 2} layers is deduced according to the number of the dislocations per unit area. Besides, the sizes of the dislocations also prove the effectiveness of Yb substitution on the enhancement of the current carrying capability in Bi-2212 single crystals.

Full Text Available The electronic structure and the optical performance of YB6 were investigated by first-principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory. It was found that the calculated results are in agreement with the relevant experimental data. Our theoretical studies showed that YB6 is a promising solar radiation shielding material for windows.