Some doctors allow you to actually walk on your heel immediately after bunion surgery, others want you to stay off the foot entirely for several weeks. I would call the surgeon's office during business hours and ask for clearer instructions.

I doubt you've done major damage, although it might have delayed healing a little bit.

And it's amazing how often surgeons don't explain well. Sometimes I want to yell: HEY SURGEONS, you are dealing with people who do not speak medicalese and just had general anesthesia. Put it in writing, and use small words please!