1.
Albanian lek
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The lek is the official currency of Albania. It is subdivided into 100 qindarka, although qindarka are no longer issued, the lek was introduced as the first Albanian currency in February 1926. Before then, Albania was a country without a currency, adhering to a standard for the fixation of commercial values. The lek was named after Alexander the Great, whose name is shortened to Leka in Albanian. Alexanders portrait appeared on the obverse of the 1 lek coin, the name qindarkë comes from the Albanian qind, meaning one hundred. The word is similar in formation to centime, cent. Between 1926 and 1939 the name Franga was used for Albanian gold currency worth five Albanian Leke for use in international transactions, a similar alternate name Belga was used for units of five Belgian francs. In 1926, bronze coins were introduced in denominations of 5 and 10 qindar leku, together with nickel 1⁄4, 1⁄2 and 1 lek, the obverse of the franga coins depict Amet Zogu. In 1935, bronze 1 and 2 qindar ar were issued and this coin series depicted distinct neoclassical motifs, said to have been influenced by the Italian king Victor Emmanuel III who was known to have been a coin collector. These coins depict the mint marks R or V indicating Rome or Venice, aluminium-bronze 0.05 and 0.10 lek were then introduced in 1940. These coins were issued until 1941 and bear the portrait of Italian King Victor Emmanuel III on the obverse and the Albanian eagle with fasces on the reverse. In 1947, shortly after the communist party took power, older coins were withdrawn from circulation and these all depicted the socialist national crest. This coinage was minted in 1957 and used until the currency reform of 1965. In 1965, aluminium coins were introduced in denominations of 5,10,20 and 50 qindar and 1 lek, all coins depict the socialist state emblem. In 1969, a series of aluminum 5,10,20,50 qindar and 1 lek coins was released commemorating the 1944 liberation from fascism. The three smallest denominations remained similar in design to the 1964 series but depicted 1944-1969 on the obverse, the 50 qindarka and lek coins depicted patriotic and military images. In 1988, a redesign of aluminum 5,10,20,50 qindarka and 1 lek coins was released. In 1989, a cupro nickel 2 leke coin was introduced, all three of these coin series remained in circulation during and shortly after the 1991 revolution

2.
Albania
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Albania, officially the Republic of Albania, is a country in Southeastern Europe. It has a population of 3.03 million as of 2016, Tirana is the nations capital and largest city, followed by Durrës and Vlorë. The country has a coastline on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea to the west. Albania is less than 72 km from Italy, across the Strait of Otranto which connects the Adriatic Sea to the Ionian Sea. In antiquity, the area of Albania was home to several Illyrian, Thracian. After the Illyrian Wars, it part of the Roman provinces of Dalmatia, Macedonia and Moesia Superior. In 1190, the first Albanian state, the Principality of Arbanon was established by archon Progon in the region of Krujë, the territory of Albania was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in the 15th century, of which it remained part of for the next five centuries. After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in Europe, following the Balkan Wars, the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy in 1939, which formed Greater Albania, before becoming a Nazi German protectorate in 1943. The following year, a socialist Peoples Republic was established under the leadership of Enver Hoxha, Albania experienced widespread social and political transformations in the communist era, as well as isolation from much of the international community. In 1991, the Socialist Republic was dissolved and the Republic of Albania was established, Albania is a democratic and developing country with an upper-middle income economy. The service sector dominates the economy, followed by the industrial. After the fall of communism in Albania, Free-market reforms have opened the country to foreign investment, especially in the development of energy, Albania has a high HDI and provides universal health care system and free primary and secondary education to its citizens. Albania is a member of the United Nations, NATO, WTO, World Bank, the Council of Europe, the OSCE and it is also an official candidate for membership in the European Union. Albania is one of the members of the Energy Community, Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation. It is home to the largest lake in Southern Europe and one of the oldest lakes in Europe, Albania is the Medieval Latin name of the country. The name may have a continuation in the name of a settlement called Albanon and Arbanon. During the Middle Ages, the Albanians called their country Arbëri or Arbëni, Albanians today call their country Shqipëri. As early as the 17th century the placename Shqipëria and the ethnic demonym Shqiptarë gradually replaced Arbëria, the two terms are popularly interpreted as Land of the Eagles and Children of the Eagles

3.
Teuta
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Teuta was the queen regent of the Ardiaei tribe in Illyria, who reigned approximately from 231 BC to 227 BC. According to Polybius, she ruled by womens reasoning, Teuta started to address the neighbouring states malevolently, supporting the piratical raids of her subjects. Illyrians soon captured and later fortified Dyrrachium and Phoenice, while her ships were off the coast of Onchesmos, they intercepted and plundered some Roman merchant vessels. Queen Teuta told the ambassadors that according to the law of the Illyrians, piracy was a lawful trade and she also implied that it was never the custom of royalty to prevent the advantage of its subjects they could get from the sea. One of the envoys reportedly replied that Rome would make it her business to introduce better law among the Illyrians as we have an excellent custom of punishing private wrongs by public revenge. At any rate, one of the two present ambassadors expressed himself to the queen so disrespectfully that her attendants were ordered to seize the ship as it embarked back for Rome. One of the ambassadors was killed and the other was put in captivity, in 229 BC, Rome declared war on Illyria and for the first time armies crossed the Adriatic to Illyria. An army consisting of approximately 20,000 troops,200 cavalry units, Teutas governor, Demetrius had little alternative but to surrender, and the Romans awarded him a considerable part of Teutas holdings. The Roman army then landed further north at Apollonia, the combined army and navy proceeded northward together, subduing one town after another and eventually besieging the capital Scodra. Teuta finally surrendered in 227 BC, having to accept an ignominious peace, the Romans allowed her to continue her reign but restricted her to a narrow region around Scodra, deprived her of all her other holdings, and forbade her to sail an armed ship south of Lissus. They also required her to pay a tribute and to acknowledge the final authority of Rome. Her rule was ended by the politician Aulus Postumius, after she opted against Roman suppression. Very little is known of the rest of her life, illyrian warfare List of rulers of Illyria

4.
Coin
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A coin is a small, flat, round piece of metal or plastic used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by a government, Coins are usually metal or alloy, or sometimes made of synthetic materials. Coins made of metal are stored in large quantities as bullion coins. Other coins are used as money in transactions, circulating alongside banknotes. Usually the highest value coin in circulation is less than the lowest-value note. In the last hundred years, the value of circulation coins has occasionally been lower than the value of the metal they contain. Exceptions to the rule of face value being higher than content value also occur for some bullion coins made of copper, silver, or gold, while the Eagle, Maple Leaf, and Sovereign coins have nominal face values, the Krugerrand does not. The first coins were developed independently in Iron Age Anatolia and Archaic Greece, India, Coins spread rapidly in the 6th and 5th centuries BCE, throughout Greece and Persia, and further to the Balkans. Standardized Roman currency was used throughout the Roman Empire, important Roman gold and silver coins were continued into the Middle Ages. Fiat money first arose in medieval China, with the paper money. Early paper money was introduced in Europe in the later Middle Ages, the penny was minted as a silver coin until the 17th century. The first circulating United States coins were cents, produced in 1793, Coins were an evolution of currency systems of the Late Bronze Age, where standard-sized ingots, and tokens such as knife money, were used to store and transfer value. In the late Chinese Bronze Age, standardized cast tokens were made and these were replicas in bronze of earlier Chinese currency, cowrie shells, so they were named Bronze Shell. According to Aristotle and Pollux, the first issuer of coins was Hermodike of Kyme The earliest coins are associated with Iron Age Anatolia. Early electrum coins were not standardized in weight, and in their earliest stage may have been ritual objects, such as badges or medals, issued by priests. The first Lydian coins were made of electrum, a naturally occurring alloy of silver, most of the early Lydian coins include no writing, only an image of a symbolic animal. Anatolian Artemis was the Πὀτνια Θηρῶν, whose symbol was the stag, a small percentage of early Lydian/Greek coins have a legend

5.
Banknote
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A banknote is a type of negotiable instrument known as a promissory note, made by a bank, payable to the bearer on demand. Banknotes were originally issued by banks, who were legally required to redeem the notes for legal tender when presented to the chief cashier of the originating bank. These commercial banknotes only traded at face value in the served by the issuing bank. Commercial banknotes have primarily been replaced by national banknotes issued by central banks, national banknotes are generally legal tender, meaning that medium of payment is allowed by law or recognized by a legal system to be valid for meeting a financial obligation. Historically, banks sought to ensure that they could always pay customers in coins when they presented banknotes for payment and this practice of backing notes with something of substance is the basis for the history of central banks backing their currencies in gold or silver. Today, most national currencies have no backing in precious metals or commodities and have value only by fiat, with the exception of non-circulating high-value or precious metal issues, coins are used for lower valued monetary units, while banknotes are used for higher values. The idea of using a durable light-weight substance as evidence of a promise to pay a bearer on demand originated in China during the Han Dynasty in 118 BC, the first known banknote was first developed in China during the Tang and Song dynasties, starting in the 7th century. Its roots were in merchant receipts of deposit during the Tang Dynasty, as merchants, during the Yuan Dynasty, banknotes were adopted by the Mongol Empire. In Europe, the concept of banknotes was first introduced during the 13th century by such as Marco Polo. Counterfeiting, the forgery of banknotes, is an inherent challenge in issuing currency and it is countered by anticounterfeiting measures in the printing of banknotes. Fighting the counterfeiting of banknotes and cheques has been a driver of security printing methods development in recent centuries. Paper currency first developed in the Tang Dynasty China during the 7th century, although true paper money did not appear until the 11th century, the usage of paper currency later spread throughout the Mongol Empire. European explorers like Marco Polo introduced the concept in Europe during the 13th century, napoleon issued paper banknotes in the early 1800s. Paper money originated in two forms, drafts, which are receipts for value held on account, and bills, the perception of banknotes as money has evolved over time. Originally, money was based on precious metals, Banknotes were seen as essentially an I. O. U. or promissory note, a promise to pay someone in precious metal on presentation. With the gradual removal of precious metals from the system, banknotes evolved to represent credit money. Notes or bills were referred to in 18th century novels and were often a key part of the plot such as a note drawn by Lord X for £100 which becomes due in 3 months time. Its roots were in merchant receipts of deposit during the Tang Dynasty, as merchants, before the use of paper, the Chinese used coins that were circular, with a rectangular hole in the middle

6.
Bank of Albania
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The Bank of Albania is the central bank of Albania. The Bank of Albania has considerably evolved since being established, in contour with economic, political, the main headquarters of the bank is in Tirana. The bank also has five branches located in Shkodër, Elbasan, Gjirokastër, Korçë. The central bank was founded in 1925, and was named the National Bank of Albania until 1944 and it was then re-established as the State Bank of Albania, which lasted until 1992 when the Bank of Albania was established. The Bank of Albania now operates as a central bank. The primary goal of the Bank of Albania is to accomplish, collaborating with obligations developing from law, the Bank of Albania practices and applies policies of reaching its primary goal of keeping inflation under control. One of the roles of the Bank of Albania is that it acts as manager of the currency by balancing the currency in circulation. This role is important because allowing too much currency into circulation will end up leading to inflation, as acting currency manager, the Bank of Albania pursues to reach equilibrium between two extremes, which is to promote economic growth by maintaining price stability. Another role of the Bank of Albania is that it acts as the agent to the most important client in the country. Since being the central Bank of Albania, the bank performs a range of financial services dealing with billions of Albanian Leks. The Government of Albania keeps an account with the bank, through which it makes many domestic. The Treasury operations, which consist of receipts and expenses made by the government is not carried out within the Bank of Albania, the Bank of Albania is mandated by the Government to supervise and regulate all activity of banks and institutions operating banking activity within the country. The Bank of Albania enforces rules on the establishment of banks and institutions, the bank also supervises and monitors all activity of these institutions to ensure that they follow and obey the laws and regulations. The monetary policy of the Republic of Albania is a right of the Bank of Albania. The Policy is designed to achieve the goal, to achieve. The Bank of Albania is committed to achieving and maintaining annual inflation at 3. 0%, the current annual inflation for the third quarter of 2014 is at 1. 7%. The Bank of Albania manages open market operations through the purchase or sale of securities and these transactions play a main role in the transmission of monetary policy in the banking system. They consist of providing and absorbing overnight liquidity