Diphtérie en Belgique

Diphtérie au Vénézuela. WIKIPEDIA - Diphtheria.
Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae.[1] Signs and symptoms may vary from mild to severe.[2] They usually start two to five days after exposure.[1] Symptoms often come on fairly gradually beginning with a sore throat and fever.[2] In severe cases a grey or white patch develops in the throat.[1][2] This can block the airway and create a barking cough as in croup.[2] The neck may swell in part due to large lymph nodes.[1] A form of diphtheria that involves the skin, eyes, or genitals also exists.[1][2] Complications may include myocarditis, inflammation of nerves, kidney problems, and bleeding problems due to low blood platelets.

Myocarditis may result in an abnormal heart rate and inflammation of the nerves may result in paralysis.[1] Diphtheria is usually spread between people by direct contact or through the air.[1][3] It may also be spread by contaminated objects. Signs and symptoms[edit] A diphtheria skin lesion on the leg Transmission[edit]
WIKIPEDIA – Diphtérie.
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.

CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION - OCT 2006 - Susceptibility to diphtheria in adults: prevalence and relationship to gender and social variables. CrossrefSee all References13], but included both children and adults, while the present study included only adults.

In general, this north-eastern region of Germany has a high infant vaccine coverage of nearly 100%. Upon comparison of the results of the two studies within the specific age strata, the susceptibility proportions were almost identical. PubMedSee all References23], individuals aged ≥ 70 years had a relatively low degree of seroprotection in the present study. Abstract | Full Text | Full Text PDF | PubMed | Scopus (14)See all References25].
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUSDISEASES - FEV 2014 - Diphtheria in Andhra Pradesh–a clinical-epidemiological study.

See all References7 It was clearly observed in the present study that clinical diphtheria in non-immunized CD-positive patients presented differently from that in immunized COD-positive patients.

Among non-immunized patients, features such as lymphadenitis, stridor, myocarditis, soft tissue swelling, and pneumonitis were either present at the time of admission or developed within 1–2 days of the hospital stay. CD was isolated predominantly from these patients. PubMedSee all References leading to tissue damage, non-immunized and CD-positive patients developed complications associated with diphtheria (Table 1Table 1). See all References Studies carried out at different places in our country have reported that diphtheria occurs more frequently during the months from September to November.

PubMedSee all References15 reported a similar low microbiological confirmation rate for clinical diphtheria. PubMedSee all References17 See all References7. PLOS 10/02/16 Long-Term Protection against Diphtheria in the Netherlands after 50 Years of Vaccination: Results from a Seroepidemiological Study. Abstract Background and Aims.

ECDC 30/07/15 Cutaneous diphtheria among recently arrived refugees and asylum seekers in the EU. PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND - MARS 2015 - Public health control and management of diphtheria (in England and Wales) - 2015 Guidelines. ECDC 31/07/15 Cutaneous diphtheria among recently arrived refugees and asylum-seekers in the EU. A total of nine cases of cutaneous diphtheria among refugees and asylum-seekers have been notified by Denmark, Sweden and Germany in 2015.

According to ECDC's rapid risk assessment, there is no indication that these cases represent a significant outbreak of diphtheria among refugees in Europe. However, health systems might not be able to detect cutaneous diphtheria outbreaks among refugees because refugees have limited access to health services. Travellers to diphtheria-endemic countries should check their vaccination status before departure and get a booster dose if their last diphtheria vaccination was more than 10 years ago.
ISP WIV (BE) - 2014 - Diphtérie.
DAILY TIMES (PK) 27/11/16 Around 398 cases of diphtheria, 9,000 cases of measles reported in KP, FATA. PESHAWAR: Around 398 cases of Diphtheria disease were registered while more than 9,000 cases of measles were reported in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) this year.

According to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Health Department 398 cases of diphtheria disease were reported from KP and Federal Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) this year. The report further said that more than 70 per cent cases were reported from Bannu, while the second on the top list was North and South Waziristan where more cases of diphtheria were reported, adding that other districts of the province were also receive cases as well. An official of the health department on the condition of anonymity said that because of the poor vaccination the diphtheria cases were increased in the province. He further added that in the country vaccination campaign has started since 1998 but still in KP and FATA like measles, diphtheria and polio disease were still in the province which shows that the performance of district vaccinators is poor.

EUROSURVEILLANCE 05/06/14 Au sommaire: Emergence and molecular characterisation of non-toxigenic tox gene-bearing Corynebacterium diphtheriae biovar mitis in the United Kingdom, 2003–2012. Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae have become increasingly recognised as emerging pathogens across Europe causing severe invasive disease. A subset of non-toxigenic C. diphtheriae are ‘non-toxigenic tox gene-bearing’ (NTTB) strains; these strains are genotypically toxpositive, but do not express the protein. The circulation of NTTB strains was first observed during the 1990s upsurge of diphtheria in Eastern Europe but has not been reported in other European countries. Circulation of NTTB strains could be considered an increased risk for diphtheria and other related diseases, given their possible role as a tox gene reservoir with the theoretical risk of re-emerging toxin expression.
REUTERS 23/11/16 Animal-rights groups fund diphtheria study to advance medicine, spare horses.

By Ronnie Cohen (Reuters Health) - - A consortium of animal-welfare groups has funded research to develop a product it says could lead to more effective treatment of infectious diphtheria in humans while sparing thousands of horses now being bled to produce antitoxins. The PETA International Science Consortium conceived the deal, signed last week, to try to get horses out of the antitoxin business.
EUROSURVEILLANCE 01/12/16 More than 20 years after re-emerging in the 1990s, diphtheria remains a public health problem in Latvia. I Kantsone 1 2 , I Lucenko 2 , J Perevoscikovs 3 + Author affiliations Citation style for this article: Kantsone I, Lucenko I, Perevoscikovs J.
Cutaneous diphtheria among recently arrived...
A total of nine cases of cutaneous diphtheria among refugees and asylum-seekers have been notified by Denmark, Sweden and Germany in 2015.

According to ECDC's rapid risk assessment, there is no indication that these cases represent a significant outbreak of diphtheria among refugees in Europe. However, health systems might not be able to detect cutaneous diphtheria outbreaks among refugees because refugees have limited access to health services.
ECDC 15/06/15 Diphtheria case highlights shortage of antitoxin in EU. ​A case of diphtheria in Spain highlights several issues related to diphtheria in Europe: there are unvaccinated children and the possible delays in clinical recognition and laboratory confirmation of the disease. The most urgent is the lack of, or limited access to, diphtheria antitoxin (DAT), the required treatment against toxigenic bacteria.

The challenges of preparedness against diphtheria in the EU and the public health concerns are considered in a new rapid risk assessment. Unless healthcare providers in the EU have immediate access to DAT there is a risk that patients with toxigenic diphtheria do not receive DAT treatment soon enough for it to optimise its impact. DAT treatment initiated later than 48 hours after onset of systemic toxic symptoms has limited impact although DAT is, when necessary, offered at any stage of the disease. Therefore, adequate quantities of DAT are essential at national or regional level for medical management of suspected and laboratory-confirmed cases.
SCIENCES ET AVENIR 04/06/15 ALERTE. 1er cas de diphtérie en Espagne 28 ans après l'éradication. C'est une maladie dont on n'a presque plus entendu parler depuis 1989 en France.
Zoonotic Transmission of Toxigenic Corynebacterium ulcerans Strain, Germany, 2012 - Volume 21, Number 2—February 2015.