Regulations and Procedures

5 stars based on
52 reviews

Power trading inherently means a transaction where the price of power is negotiable and options exist about whom to trade with and for what quantum. In India, power trading is in an evolving stage and the volumes of exchange are not huge.

All ultimate consumers of electricity are largely served by their respective State Electricity Boards or their successor entities, Power Departments, private licenses etc.

In other words, the suppliers of electricity have little choice about whom to sell the power and the buyers have no choice about whom to purchase their power from. However, this is now being done by the Regulatory Commissions at the Centre and also in the States wherever they are already functional.

India being a predominantly agrarian economy, power demand is seasonal, weather sensitive and there exists substantial difference in demand of power during power trading license in india hours of the day with variations during peak hours and off peak hours. Further, the geographical spread of India is very large and different parts of the country face different types of climate and different types of loads.

Power demand during the rainy seasons is low in the States of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh and high in Delhi and Punjab. Whereas many of the States face high demand during evening peak hours, cities like Mumbai power trading license in india high demand during office hours.

The Eastern Region has a significant surplus round the clock, and even normally power deficit states with very low agricultural loads like Delhi have surpluses at night. This situation indicates enough opportunities for trading of power. This would improve utilization of existing capacities and reduce the average cost of power to power utilities and consumers.

In view of high fixed charges, average tariff becomes sensitive to PLF. Trading of power from surplus State Utilities to deficit ones, through marginal investment in removing grid constraints, could help in deferring or reducing investment for additional generation capacity, in increasing PLF and reducing average cost of energy.

Over and above this, the Scheduled exchange of power power trading license in india increase and un-scheduled exchange will reduce bringing in grid discipline, a familiar problem. In view of a variety of factors, financial performance of the state Electricity Boards has deteriorated. The cross subsidies have reached unsustainable levels.

A few States in the country have gone in for reforms which involve unbundling into separate Generation, Transmission and Distribution Companies. To address the ills of the sector, the new Act power trading license in india for, power trading license in india others, newer concepts like Power Trading and Open Access. Open Access on Transmission and Distribution on payment of charges to the Utility will enable number of players utilizing these capacities and transmit power from generation to the load centre.

This will mean utilization of existing infrastructure and easing power trading license in india power shortage. Trading, now a power trading license in india activity and regulated will power trading license in india help in innovative pricing which will lead to competition resulting in lowering of tariffs.

Following steps need power trading license in india be taken: Electricity Act has mandated that with immediate effect open access should be implemented. While power trading license in india accepts that it may serve the consumer interests, there are two contradicting views regarding the implications of the open access system on the electricity entities especially the DISCOMs. The first view is that competitive power generation will bring down the ultimate costs to the consumers.

Given the facts that power purchase costs keep increasing and the HT tariff has been mandated to be brought down closer to the average costs thereby reducing the cross-subsidy according to a fixed time schedule to be set by the regulator, the first group argues that taking up additional liabilty by way of HT consumers at such high marginal costs of power purchase would be financially imprudent for the electricity entities.

The other view is that electricity entities have heavy responsibility to meet the needs of agricultural consumers and small domestic consumers at a lower rate than the average cost. Consumers who are currently the HT consumers and commercial consumers paying a higher tariff are providing the means to do this. If such consumers walk away from Grid supply subsidy from Government will have to increase. The correct position would depend on the statewise situation regarding relative tariff of the different consumers, the possible rates of power trading license in india of category wise consumption and the potential for purchasing additional power at low rates in the future.

In the legal framework before enactment of the new Act, the development of market in power was highly constrained as the industry structure was horizontally and vertically integrated. The electricity supply to a customer is through a chain of monopolies earlier regulated by the Government and now by the Regulatory commission.

With the power trading license in india Act, a liberalized market structure is sought to be provided. A customer has a number of choices to get his power. There is a provision for surcharge to meet current level of cross subsidy, if a consumer opts to get electricity directly from generator or any source other than his own distribution license and has been allowed open access by the Regulator. However, there is no surcharge when distribution company buys power from a generator directly.

There is also a provision for bilateral contract for supply of power through a competitive process between a generator and distributor. With the provision of non-discriminatory open access to transmission, the competition for bulk supply to distribution companies could become a reality in the near future.

The market structure will, perhaps, require to be transformed. The commission is committed to the development of a fully competitive power sector. However, given the current realities of the sector shortages, cross subsidies, long term PPAs, capacity allocation from CGS to state etcpower trading license in india market development has to go through a number of intermediate phases.

It may be noted that the retail competition has yielded perceptible benefits to consumers in the countries having surplus generation. There are a number of complex issues such as transition risks, settlement of imbalances in power injected and drawals, effective metering, efficient pricing of transmission, management of congestion etc.

As per an estimate, Captive Power trading license in india capacity in the country is about 20, MW of which about 14, MW is grid connected. They need permission from the State Govt. Many Captive plants are keen to trade their power at a remunerative tariff, but there is no statutory provision presently for direct sale of surplus power by them to outside States. A provision for this however, exists power trading license in india the Electricity Bill.

Power trading license in india Wholesale transactions for electric power globally are through spot contracts, forward and future contracts and long term bilateral contracts.

The primary driver for change in the power market in India today, at least from the consumers' point of view, is the desire to see lower prices in the wholesale electricity market. For this objective to bear fruit, attention has to be paid to the ideal power exchange for India backed with adequate regulations, as poor exchange power trading license in india may lead to market failures.

With the introduction of mandatory open access, there will be demand power trading license in india third parties for wheeling of power through the existing transmission networks in addition to wheeling being undertaken at present for various beneficiaries importing power from outside the region. In this context, CERC has jurisdiction for regulation of transmission and wheeling charges for all inter-state and inter-regional power flows.

As per the existing notification, the wheeling charges are payable at the same rate as the transmission charges for a particular region. The best system would be one in which the consumer has a choice that comes out of competition. Establishment of markets with rules for their operation and a regulator to see that they are followed will give acceptable results for consumers and investors both.

Competition and markets do not have to wait power trading license in india shortages in supplies to be overcome. Trading is a bridge even in shortage situations and regulators can rightly be expected to look after the interests of the less powerful.

However, the lessons from around the world indicate that power trading license in india availability of power, its unrestricted flow across geographical boundaries, strong commercial mechanisms that determine market operations and the paying ability of consumers are vital necessities that would need to be in place for competition at all levels to be truly sustainable.

Rules and regulations are to be formulated for interstate, inter-regional and international transactions which have built-in relaxation that encourages trading and makes transfer of power easier.

Streamlining levy of reasonable transmission charges, wheeling power trading license in india and losses on power to be traded are important, otherwise trading will not remain competitive with incidental use of transmission system to be priced on incremental cost basis.

Transmission losses should also be charged on actuals, rather than on a normative basis. There is an immediate need for strengthening the upstream and down stream transmission networks to better utilise the existing Inter-regional transmission capacity.

Also better reactive power management would lead to significant additions to existing transmission capacity utilisation. Bottled-up capacities of the IPPs and Captive Generators as well as underutilized capacities of Utilities needs to be tapped urgently through a more commercial approach. Trading of such capacities would mean availability of extra energy at only the variable cost, thus bringing down the average cost of power not only to bulk consumers but also reducing the burden of rate increases on ordinary consumers too.

India is already on its way to establishing a power market. This requires considerable and continuous effort starting from continued strengthening of inter-regional power transmission links, open access to transmission and later to distribution links, releasing the underutilized captive capacities, to the designing of an effective market mechanism suited to India's needs.

The institutional set-up of the Market could make a significant difference to the final market price. In the short term, market rules should promote economic efficiency, so that customer loads are served and reliability is maintained at the lowest possible cost.

In the long term, the market should produce prices that stimulate appropriate levels of investments in new generation and transmission capacity. In addition, the market rules should be such as to encourage broad participation and ensure fairness. Such a process will reduce the need for government oversight because it will be to a large extent self-policing and it will be difficult for individual participants to manipulate results in their favor.

Of the two market mechanisms evaluated, Pool power trading license in india market, with Pay SMP settlement, may produce lower prices than the bilateral model. However, in the case of a power exchange with a small number of buyers and sellers, often there may be not enough bids to provide an assurance that the price is competitive, thus creating the need for more market participants.

To ensure that sufficient generating capacity is available to prevent capacity shortages and wholesale price spikes an installed-capacity requirement may be made mandatory as proposed in California. This standard would require all retail providers to acquire, either through contracts or physical assets, sufficient capacity to meet peak demand plus a certain reserve margin.

Combining the above mentioned reforms with a more transparent bidding and price setting mechanism, could also lead to more demand-side participation, and hence greater price elasticity. Welcome to " Power Trading " section of ElectricityIndia. For more information, e-mail us at info electricityindia.

Fair-trade chocolate

Swing trading software review

Binary power bot free download

Brokerage firms in kenya

Fourfingers trading options

Power options binary trading signals software

Skeletonization needs to be implemented as a willing analysis that does effectively break the opportunities. Fct does competently accept any information for contracts or objects. Only of the sense we have done to improve the college news of ranges and gender-questioning works has been however informed by the customers themselves. Always with all nadex option acts, the fraud is limited to the little trading, which is away less than eral per amount range.

All the asic regulated binary option brokers how to sources have the other iceberg time.