Patient Care Skills

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Enriched with new photographs,Patient Care Skillscontinues its tradition of excellence with a refreshed approach to covering all aspects of basic care skills. This book helps readers learn both the specifics of the procedures as well as general rules of good body mechanics, patient handling, and safety for patients and physical therapists/assistants. Comprehensive coverage provides all the information health care professionals need to perform skills related to patient positioning and transfer, vital signs, aseptic technique, and more. For each procedure presented, step-by-step illustrations are accompanied by brief written explanations. Following the sequence of illustrations for a specific procedure decreases the need for extensive text explanations and provides readers with a visual reference to determine if the sequence of steps they are performing matches the sequence of steps presented. Physical Therapy / Occupational Therapy students and professionals.

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1 Americans with Disabilities Act

Learning Objectives

Key Terms

Introduction

Resources

General Considerations for Accessibility

Specific Requirements

Accessible Route

Assembly and Auditorium Areas for Wheelchair Seating

Check-Out Counters

Clear-Space Areas

Control Mechanisms

Curb Cuts

Doors and Doorways

Drinking Fountains

Elevators

Grab Bars

Ground and Floor Surfaces

Handrails

Hotels (Transient Lodging)

Medical Facilities

Parking Spaces

Platform Lifts

Ramps

Reach Ranges

Restrooms and Bathrooms

Stairs

Transportation Facilities

Review Questions

Suggested Activities

Case Study

References

Chapter 2 Patient/Client Management Process

Learning Objectives

Key Terms

Introduction

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA)

Models for Describing the Continuum of Health to Disability

Guide to Physical Therapist Practice

Examination

Chart Review

Interview

Systems Review

Tests and Measures

Evaluation

Diagnosis

Prognosis

Plan of Care

Goals

Intervention

Documentation

Formats of Medical Records

Formats of Notes

Requirements for Adequate Documentation

Medicare Guidelines

Audit of Patient Care

Review Questions

Suggested Activities

Case Study

References

Appendices

Chapter 3 Preparation for Patient Care

Learning Objectives

Key Terms

Introduction

Management of the Environment

Procedure 3-1 Body Mechanics

Instructions and Verbal Commands

Patient Preparation

Transporting

Procedure 3-2 Transporting via Gurney

Procedure 3-3 Transporting via Wheelchair

Descending Curb — Backward Method

Descending Curb — Forward Method

Ascending Curb — Backward Method

Ascending Curb — Forward Method

Doorways

Wheelchair Wheelies

Elevators

Review Questions

Suggested Activities

Case Study

Chapter 4 Aseptic Techniques

Learning Objectives

Key Terms

Introduction

Definitions

Guidelines for Isolation Precautions in Health Care Settings

Rationale

Modes of Transmission

Precautions

Administrative Controls

Standard Precautions

New Elements of Standard Precautions

Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette

Standard Precaution Guidelines

Contact Precautions

Contact Precaution Guidelines

Droplet Precautions

Droplet Precaution Guidelines

Airborne Precautions

Airborne Precautions Guidelines

Transmission-Based Precautions

Apparel

Sterile Field

Requirement 1

Requirement 2

Requirement 3

Requirement 4

Requirement 5

Requirement 6

Requirement 7

Requirement 8

Scrubbing vs. Handwashing

Procedure 4-1 Gowning

Procedure 4-2 Gloving

Removal of Contaminated Gloves

Wounds and Wound Dressings

Purpose

Evaluation

Types of Dressings

Materials

Preparation

Procedure 4-3 Application of Dressings and Wraps

Packing a Wound

Applying a Gauze Wrap

Applying a Compression Wrap

Review Questions

Suggested Activities

Case Study

References

Chapter 5 Vital Signs

Learning Objectives

Key Terms

Introduction

Heart Rate

Purpose

Methods

Procedure 5-1 Measuring Heart Rate

Sites

Norms

Blood Pressure

Purpose

Method

Site

Procedure 5-2 Measuring Blood Pressure

Norms

Respiration

Purpose

Methods

Procedure 5-3 Measuring Respiratory Rate

Norms

Temperature

Purpose

Methods

Sites

Norms

Pain

Purpose

Method

Site

Norms

Anthropometrics

Purpose

Methods

Norms

Review Questions

Suggested Activities

Case Study

References

Chapter 6 Wheelchairs

Learning Objectives

Key Terms

Introduction

Wheelchair Components

Wheel Locks

Pelvic Positioners

Caster Wheels

Drive (Push) Wheels

Armrests

Front Rigging

Wheelchair Types

Folding Wheelchair

Standard Wheelchair

Fixed-Frame Wheelchair

Reclining-Back Wheelchair

Tilt-in-Space Wheelchair

One-Arm Drive Wheelchair

Amputee Wheelchair

Companion Wheelchair

Motorized Wheelchairs and Scooters

Power-Assist Chair

Procedure 6-1 Measuring to Determine Wheelchair Size

Measuring for Seat Depth

Measuring for Seat Width

Measuring for Back Height

Measuring for Armrest Height

Measuring for Seat-to-Footplate Length

Measuring for Footplate Size

Standard Wheelchair Sizes

Review Questions

Suggested Activities

Case Studies

Chapter 7 Transfers

Learning Objectives

Key Terms

Introduction

Levels of Transfers

Levels of Assistance

Amount of Assistance

Type of Assistance

General Rules

Body Mechanics

Gait or Transfer Belts

Preparing the Environment

Instructions and Verbal Cues

Completing the Transfer

Procedure 7-1 Sliding Transfer: Cart to Treatment Table

Procedure 7-2 Three-Person Carry

Hydraulic Lift

Procedure 7-3 Using a Hydraulic Lift

Procedure 7-4 Two-Person Lift

Wheelchair to Floor

Floor to Wheelchair

Procedure 7-5 Dependent Standing Pivot

Procedure 7-6 Dependent Sitting Pivot

Procedure 7-7 Sliding Board

Procedure 7-8 Push-Up

Procedure 7-9 Assist to Front of Wheelchair Seat

Side-to-Side Weight Shifting

Pelvic Slide

Sitting Push-Up

Procedure 7-10 Assist for Moving From Edge of Treatment Table

Procedure 7-11 Assisted Standing Pivot

Guarding the Right Lower Extremity While Transferring to Right

Guarding the Left Lower Extremity While Transferring to Right

Wheelchair to Treatment Table: Using a Step Stool

Procedure 7-12 Squat Pivot Transfer

Procedure 7-13 Transfers Between Floor and Wheelchair

Dependent One-Person Transfer: Floor to Wheelchair

Procedure 7-14 Independent Transfer From Wheelchair to Floor and Return