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The intense and fully coherent radiation pulses in the ultraviolet and soft x-ray range made available by FERMI, combined with the variable polarization and the different temporal correlation modes, open completely new and unexplored frontiers of research. The full potential of time-resolved experiments based on coherent diffraction imaging, elastic and inelastic scattering, photon and electron spectroscopy and transient grating spectroscopy will allow investigations of transient states and nonlinear materials response at the mesoscopic and nanometric scale and give access to dynamic phenomena, including ultrafast magnetization, excitation lifetimes, phase separation and nucleation, complex rearrangements of constituents in cells, and multi‐photon single and multiple ionization.

Diagnostics and Beamlines

Photon diagnostics, beam tailoring optics and slits and beam correlation sections are used to characterize, manipulate and transport the photon beams to the different end stations. Experimental stations for coherent diffraction imaging (DIPROI), for absorption and elastic scattering from materials under extreme conditions (EIS-TIMEX), for gas phase and cluster spectroscopy (LDM), for inelastic and transient grating spectroscopy (EIS-TIMER), for terahertz applications (TERAFERMI) and for magneto dynamical studies (MagneDYN). Optical laser pulses are also available for Pump-Probe esperiments (SLU).

The radiation coming from both FEL lines is analyzed in terms of intensity, position and spectral content, giving online and shot to shot informations to the users. A gas-based cell gives the possibility to control the flux delivered to the beamlines. The transport system carries the beam to the endstations; it includes a beam splitting and delay section and the different refocusing mirror chambers.

All the endstations can work with photon radiation coming from both FEL lines, covering the 100-4 nm range. Several experimental techniques, taking advantage of the unique characteristics of the FEL radiation, are implemented (see the beamlines' descriptions). A common photon beam diagnostic and manipulation system is available.