第4章 身障者用行動

第5章 LEV市場，市場成長的促進要素及預測

第6章 電動速克達(Scooter)

第7章 電動機車

電動機車、電動大型速克達的轉換點

三輪車

引進障礙

時間軸：技術、市場

預測：單位、價格、市值

電動自行車市場佔有率

預測的基本：電動自行車

零組件、電壓趨勢

性能/妥協價格：各分類

廠商：各國

成本趨勢 vs. 現有的替代物

電動自行車59個模式及的39家公司的類似車輛比較

IDTECHEX的調查報告、諮詢

圖表

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目錄

Small manned electric vehicles - e-bikes to car-like micro EVs - are closely related and often sell in the largest numbers. The rag bag of names obscures the fact that they are closely related and add up to a very large market. Although car-like micro EVs are usually lower in cost than regular cars, together with two wheel EVs, they will reach over $35 billion in 2027 on IDTechEx analysis. Eight sub-categories are forecasted by numbers and value from 2017-2027. Golf cars are seen to be a static market, whereas e-motorcycles are at a very early stage and the others in different stages of maturity. Nearly all are pure electric using batteries as energy storage. Most are on-road vehicles so the commonality shines through.

These manned small vehicles below cars are uniquely significant in addressing megatrends and in pioneering energy independent, unlimited travel. Mobility vehicles for the disabled cope with the ageing of the population and the epidemic of obesity whereas car-like micro EVs help emerging nations be mobile and prevent air pollution. Many of these small electric vehicles act as the missing affordable transition product between an e-bike and an e-car. However, they also fill market gaps everywhere, including in developed countries where they help the small manufacturer and, often in customised form, they perform many tasks in airports, estates and elsewhere.

Micro EVs are not required to meet crash tests and other requirements of car homologation. In some countries, minors and those with no license or insurance can drive them. Embracing quad bikes, all-terrain vehicles, Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEVs), quadricycles in Europe, microcars and so on, they are much simpler than cars and often one tenth of the price. Micro EVs take the form of three wheelers in the main with many four wheelers. They include farmers' "cars" in China, e-tuktuks in the Philippines, where 3.2 million polluting tuktuk taxis need replacing, and e-rickshaws in India.

The extreme lightweighting possible with these micro EVs means they are among the first categories to spawn energy independent vehicles (EIVs) that never plug in or fill up. So far, that mostly involves solar cells that are a load-bearing part of the body. This is "structural electronics" replacing the old "components-in-a-box".

In 2026, e-scooters will dominate the small electric vehicle business followed by three-wheel micro EVs. Close behind, four wheel car-like versions and e-bikes are also set for robust sales. The basis of this unique report, putting the much vaunted e-bikes in the context of allied vehicles, is mainly research in 2015. Intensive global travel, interviews and analysis were carried out by PhD level experts. Latest conference material and presentations from across the world are shown.

Riversimple micro EV with lithium-ion capacitors and fuel cell pushing state of the art

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Table of Contents

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

1.1. Forecasts for small electric vehicles 2016-2027

1.2. Reasons for growth

1.2.1. Competition and profitability

1.2.2. Opportunities

1.2.3. Typical requirement

1.3. The USA electric bicycle market

1.4. Effect of 2015 oil price collapse on electric vehicles

1.5. Electric vehicle end game: free non-stop road travel

1.5.1. Dynamic charging

1.5.2. Many harvests together

1.5.3. Solar roads

1.5.4. Many other options

1.5.5. AWE and bladeless wind turbines

1.5.6. Multi-mode, minimal storage

1.5.7. New storage, lightweighting, streamlining

1.5.8. Funding for development of lightweight solar modules on vehicles

2.1. The Daimler Smart, left, is a mainstream car subject to tax, insurance, crash tests etc. whereas the G-Whiz from India, right, is registered as a quadricycle and was the best-selling pure electric car in the UK for ten years with

2.2. Renault Twizy quadricycle which is selling over ten thousand within two years from launch. The standard model has no windows

2.3. Chinese micro EV cars in China. Most of them have three wheels

2.4. E-trikes

2.5. Logos compared

2.6. Expensive version for developed countries and basic version for undeveloped countries

2.7. Toyota i-ROAD e-trike

2.8. Examples of solar racing cars

2.9. E-Rex micro EV racing car

2.10. Tonaro golf and general purpose vehicle from China

2.11. Suzhou Eagle two and four seat golf cars from China

2.12. Yongkang Fourstar golf vehicles from China

2.13. Shadong Wuzheng golf cars from China

2.14. Jinhua Ryder golf car from China

3.1. Chinese repair in the street

3.2. Chinese e-bike tire repair

3.3. E-scooter or e-bike?

3.4. Traditional Chinese e-bike

3.5. Optibike USA "The Ferrari of Electric Bikes"

3.6. Small French folding e-bike

3.7. DK City db0 e-bike

3.8. Voltitude folding pedelec

3.9. Chinese domestic ebike left and Currie IZ ViaRapido ebike right

3.10. Electric motor scooters in China

3.11. Electric moped by Ultra Motor

3.12. Electric motorcycle by Vectrix

3.13. Electric mini scooters by Currie Technologies

3.14. Segway personal transporter

3.15. Toyota Winglet personal transporter

3.16. 3 wheel LEV with windshield and cover

3.17. The folding Yike Bike from New Zealand

3.18. Ebike by Ultra Motor A2B

3.19. LEV Shop Window with e-bike.

3.20. EU small folding e-bike

3.21. Chinese ebike loaded down

3.22. Chinese e-bike rider

3.23. Chinese e-bike with two riders

3.24. E-bikes used at Chinese factories

3.25. China LEVs at stop light

3.26. E-bike Food Delivery for Papa John's in China

3.27. E-bike food delivery by A2B Ultra Motor

3.28. LEV four wheeler for seniors - a crossover from LEVs to mobility for the disabled

3.29. Shawn Lawless Rocket drag bike

3.30. Ford e-bikes

3.31. MOAR folding e-bike USA

3.32. Moveo foldable scooter Hungary

3.33. Yuneec motorised skateboard

3.34. E'lution hubless push scooter

3.35. Hoverboard specification

3.36. Hoverboard overview

3.37. The Veemo is a three-wheeled enclosed bicycle with an electric-assist motor

3.38. IBD Bloomfield Bikes Ebike Display in CT USA

3.39. Electric tricycle

3.40. CargoTrike with solar panel giving unlimited range as long as the sun is out.

3.41. Examples of three wheel leisure and delivery vehicles promoted at EVS26 in California May 2012

3.42. Liberty Trike

3.43. TriBred electric Trikke patrol vehicle and general purpose version

7.6. Spread of results in survey. Performance comparison of heavy and light e-motorcycles and e-maxi-scooters in city range, top speed and acceleration. Only models in production or intended for production are compared. Similarities sh

7.7. Number of manufacturers by country

7.8. Battery size kWh vs vehicle cost showing how small electric vehicles have lower up-front cost than conventional ones and the breakeven is moving up to embrace e-motorcycles and e-cars over the coming decade.