Статья Russian Tornado Outbreak of 9 June 1984

On 9 June 1984, at least eight tornadic
thunderstorms tracked across western Russia,
producing severe weather mainly between 0600–
1600 UTC (1000–2000 Moscow daylight saving
time [MT]). There have been several scientific
papers published on Russian tornadoes, some
including information about the 9 June 1984
events. Vasiliev et al. (1985a) provided the most
detail, documenting five separate areas with
tornado or wind damage across Russia. Some of
these details suggest that the Ivanovo tornado
was violent, which is rare in Russia. According
to Snitkovskii (1987), only two events since
1844 were rated as F4 on the Fujita damage scale (Fujita 1971), the Moscow tornado of 29
June 1904 and the Ivanovo tornado that is the
focus of this paper. Human deaths from
tornadoes in Russia are rare; and multiple
tornadoes on the same day are quite uncommon
as well. The number of fatalities on 9 June 1984
is reported; however, the details are uncertain
and will be discussed in section 5a. Thus, this
severe weather event is worthy of further
investigation.

Climatological information on Russian
tornadoes was presented by Lyakhov (1986),
Snitkovskii (1987), Vasiliev et al. (1985a), and
Peterson (2000). These works reveal that the
majority of tornadoes occur west of the Ural
Mountains in western Russia. The tornado
season there and in the adjacent republics of
eastern Europe generally extends from late April
to mid September, with a peak in June and July.
Snitkovskii (1987) presented details of all tornado reports (including estimates of tornado
intensity) from 1844–1986, and a brief summary
of surface and 500-hPa patterns accompanying
these tornadoes for cases since the 1950s. The
typical upper-air pattern for the northwestern
part of the former Soviet Union is a deep
500-hPa trough to the west of the affected area
with a strong southwesterly jet over the region