dye is administered intravenously to the pt, which allows for x-ray visualization of the gallbladder and bile ducts

intravenous cholecystography

x-ray image of colon and rectum is taken after the administration of barium (a radiopaque dye) by enema

lower gastrointestinal series (lower GI series)

aka barium enema (BE)

procedure in which contrast medium is injected directly into the liver to visualize the bile ducts. used to detect obsturctions

percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)

administering of a barium contrast material orally and then taking an x-ray to visualize the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series

aka barium swallow

flexible fiberscope passed through the anus, rectum, and colon; used to examine upper portion of the colon. polyps and small growths can be removed during this procedure

colonscopy

procedure using endoscope to visually examine the hepatic duct, common bile duct, and pancreatic duct. endoscope is inserted into the anus and worked to the area where the pancreatic and common bile ducts empty into the duodenum

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

use of a flex fiberoptic endoscope to visually examine the esophagus, stomach, and beginning of the duodenum

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

procedure in which a flex gastroscope is passed through the mouth and down the esophagus in order to visualize the inside of the stomach. used to dx peptic ulcers and gastric carcinoma

gastroscopy

lighted instrument which is passed into the ab wall through a small incision. ab cavity is then examined for tumors and other conditions

laparoscopy

aka peritoneoscopy

procedure using a flex scope to visually examine the sigmoid colon. commonly done to dx cancer and polyps

sigmoidoscopy

insertion of a needle into the ab cavity to w/draw fluid. tests to dx disease may be conducted on the fluid

paracentesis

dental treatment involving hte pulp cavity of the root of a tooth

root canal

using a nasogastric (NG) tube to place liquid nourishment directly into the stomach

gavage

using a nasogastric (NG) tube to wash out the stomach. for ex, after ingestion of dangerous substances

lavage

flex catheter is inserted into the nose and down the esophagus to the stomach. may be used for feeding or to suction out stomach fluids

nasogastric intubation (NG tube)

providing 100% of a pt's nutrition intravenously

total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

to surgically create a connection b/w two organs or vessels. for ex, joining together two cut ends of the intestines after a section is removed

anastomosis

group of surgical prodecures such as stomach stapling and restrictive banding to reduce the size of the stomach

bariatric surgery

crushing of a gallstone in the common bile duct

choledocholithotripsy

surgical creation of an opening of some portion of the colon through the ab wall to the outside surface. fecal material (stool) drains into a bag worn on the ab

colostomy

surgical removal of a diverticulum

diverticulectomy

ab operation for the purose of examing the ab organs and tissues for signs of disease or other abnomralities

exploratory laparotomy

removal of a fistula

fistulectomy

procedure that closes off a large section of the stomach with rows of staples

gastric stapling

surgical removal of hemorrhoids from anorectal area

hemorrhoidectemy

surgical repair of a hernia

hernioplasty

aka herniorrhaphy

surgical removal of the gallbladder through a very small ab incision with the assistance of a laparoscope

laparoscopic cholecystectomy

transplant of a liver from a donor

liver transplant

treats obestiy by suppressing appetite

anorexiant

used to neutralize stomach acids

antacid

treats nausea, vomiting, motion sickness

antiemetic

induces vomiting

emetic

used to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease. when stimulated, H2-receptors increase the production of stomach acid, so this is prevented in order have low acid level in stomach

H2- receptor antagonist

used to treat peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease. blocks the stomach's ability to secrete acid