This volume contains selected proceedings of the conferences held at Kirchberg, August 26, 1984 and Essen, November 21–24, 1984 devoted to Karl Bühler's <i>Theory of Language</i>. Both conferences took place exactly fifty years after the publication of Bühler's masterpiece. However, it was felt necessary to bring renewed attention to Bühler's work in order to highlight its importance. The contributions in this volume, all in the original German language, focus on a wide range of perspectives: biographical, psychological, sociological, semiotic and linguistic.

The Argentinian writer Julio Cortázar was clearly influenced by his predecessors John Keats and Edgar Allan Poe. However, to what extent? Which aspects of the two Romantics have been kept and which ones transformed by Cortázar’s imagination? And is there a common bond in the works of Keats and Poe which is also the common denominator for their works? And why these particular images, themes, or ideas? This books tries to answer all these questions and is of interest to everyone who wants to know more about Cortázar.

<i>Keeping in touch with Pragma-Dialectics</i> is written to honor Frans van Eemeren and his work in the field of argumentation theory on the occasion of his retirement. The volume contains 17 contributions from teams of authors consisting of a combination of a pragma-dialectician and one or two researchers with a different background in the field of argumentation. In this volume, comparisons between the pragma-dialectical approach and other approaches are made, aspects of strategic maneuvering such as the use of presentational techniques, adaptation to the audience and the selection of topics are dealt with and the influence of specific institutional contexts such as politics, medicine and internet forums on strategic maneuvering are discussed.

In light of recent generative minimalism, and comparative parametric theory of language variation, the book investigates key features and parameters of Arabic grammar. Part I addresses morpho-syntactic and semantic interfaces in temporality, aspectuality, and actionality, including the Past/Perfect/Perfective ambiguity akin to the very synthetic temporal morphology, collocating time adverb construal, and interpretability of verbal Number as pluractional. Part II is dedicated to nominal architecture, the behaviour of bare nouns as true indefinites, the count/mass dichotomy (re-examined in light of general, collective, and singulative DP properties), the mirror image ordering of serialized adjectives, and N-to-D Move in synthetic possession, proper names, and individuated vocatives. Part III examines the role of CP in time and space anchoring, double access reading (in a DAR language such as Arabic), sequence of tense (SOT), silent pronominal categories in consistent null subject languages (including referential and generic pro), and the interpretability of inflection. Semantic and formal parameters are set out, within a mixed macro/micro-parametric model of language variation. The book is of particular interest to students, researchers, and teachers of Arabic, Semitic, comparative, typological, or general linguistics.

The ten volumes of <i>Handbook of Pragmatics Highlights</i> focus on the most salient topics in the field of pragmatics, thus dividing its wide interdisciplinary spectrum in a transparent and manageable way. While the other volumes select specific philosophical, cognitive, grammatical, social, cultural, variational, interactional, or discursive angles, this first volume reviews basic notions that pervade the pragmatic literature, such as deixis, implicitness, speech acts, context, and the like. It situates the field of pragmatics, broadly defined as the cognitive, social, and cultural science of language use, in relation to a general concept of communication and the discipline of semiotics. It also touches upon the non-verbal aspects of language use and even ventures a comparison with non-human forms of communication. The introductory chapter, moreover, explains why a highly diversified field of scholarship such as pragmatics can be regarded as a potentially coherent enterprise.

This is corpus linguistics with a text linguistic focus. The volume concerns lexical inequality, the fact that some words and phrases share the quality of being key – and thereby reflect or promote important themes – in some textual contexts, while others do not. The patterning of words which differ in their centrality to text meaning is of increasing interest to corpus linguistics. At the same time software resources are yielding increasingly more detailed ways of identifying and studying the linkages between key words and phrases in text databases. This volume brings together work from some of the leading researchers in this field. It presents thirteen studies organized in three sections, the first containing a series of studies exploring the nature of keyness itself, then a set of five studies looking at keyness in specific discourse contexts, and then three studies with an educational focus.

The authors present a new perspective on a wide range of issues in the study of literature and culture. Some of the topics discussed, such as interpretation, canon formation, and literary historiography, belong to the traditional domain of literary studies. Others — cultural identity, convention, systems theory, and empirical methods — originate in the social sciences and are now being integrated into the humanities. By referring to the work of authors as widely apart as Hayden White, Edward Said, Fredric Jameson, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, Reinhart Koselleck, Pierre Bourdieu, Niklas Luhmann, Siegfried Schmidt, Norbert Groeben, and many others, the full complexity of the field of literary studies becomes apparent.The authors argue for a distinction between analysis of literary systems on the one hand and critical intervention on the other. By distinguishing between research and criticism, between knowledge and commitment, they offer new ways for literary studies as well as for cultural critique.

This book represents an approach which is intended to give readers a general insight into what translators really do and to explain the concepts and tools of the trade, bearing in mind that translation cannot be reduced to simple principles that can easily be separated from each other and thus be handled in isolation. On the whole, the book is more process- than product-centred. Translation is seen as an activity with an intentional and a social dimension establishing links between a source-language community and a target-language community and therefore requiring a specific kind of communicative behavior based on the question &#8220;Who translates what, for whom and why?&#8221; To the extent that the underlying principles, assumptions, and conclusions are convincing to the reader, the practical implications of the book, last but not least in translation teaching, are obvious.

This study addresses the debate about whether adult language learners have access to the principles and parameters of universal grammar in constructing the grammar of a second language. The data are based on two related experiments. The first examines the interpretation of English reflexive pronouns by native speakers of Japanese and of Spanish. The second experiment examines the interpretation of the Japanese reflexive <i>zibun</i> by native speakers of English and of Chinese.
Three hypotheses are evaluated: (a) that UG is unavailable, and that processing strategies or other non-linguistic principles guide second language acquisition; (b) that UG is available only in the form in which it is instantiated in the learner's native language; (c) that UG is fully available, including the ability to re-set parameters to UG-sanctioned values not instantiated in the learner's native language.
The results show that learners observe constraints defined by Manzini and Wexler's parameterized version of Principle A of the binding theory and support the proposal that adult learners have access to universal grammar. A final chapter reviews the experimental data in the light of recent accounts of cross-linguistic variation in the grammar of anaphors which reject parameterization of the binding principles in favor of a &#8220;movement to INFL&#8221; analysis.

After several paradigm changes and even more turns, after fights about scholarly territories and methodological renewal, after intra- and interdisciplinary discussions, Translation Studies continues to produce a large number of publications dealing with the challenge of defining itself and its object, with the borderlines of both the discipline and the object, with ways of interacting with related (sub)disciplines. This publication gathers contributions from established TS scholars (all former CETRA Chair professors) about the topics that will very probably dominate the near future of the discipline.This is an extended and updated version of a Target special issue with the same title that was published in 2012 (24:1).

Spoken by nearly 70 million people not only within the Korean Peninsula but also in five continents, Korean is one of a dozen major languages of the world. Yet outside Korea it is not as much studied as it should be, nor has it acquired commensurate international recognition. With its difficult sound system, rich word formation patterns, and complex sentence structures, Korean is one of the most challenging to learn as a foreign language, yet there is little that is written in English about Korean. This book eminently fills this gap. The author presents Korean in a lucid and readable manner covering topics from scripts to sounds, from words to sentences, and from discourse to text analysis. It is therefore both comprehensive and concise. It avoids unnecessary details but includes all essential subjects, and describes them in a well-organized theory-free prose. This book should be a handy reference for both teachers and students of Korean, especially those abroad.

The English language is changing every day and it is us – the individual speakers and writers – that drive those changes in small ways by choosing to use certain strings of words over others. This book discusses and describes some of the choices made by speakers from South Korea by examining the similarities and differences between two Korean communities: one in England and one in South Korea. The book has two overall aims. Firstly, it is intended to begin a discussion about phraseology and Lexical Priming and how these theoretical concepts relate and play out in the context of a New English. Secondly, it provides a model of how a language variety can be explored by detailed analysis of short strings. It delves into a range of areas from World Englishes to phraseology and formulaic language and would be suitable for students, teachers and researchers in all these areas.

This book investigates the ways that advanced speakers of Korean as a second language perceive, use and learn the complexities of the Korean honorifics system. Despite their advanced proficiency in Korean, the study shows that the honorifics use of these speakers diverges in crucial ways from native speaker norms. It is argued that, rather than reflecting the language competence of these speakers as such, this usage is linked to questions of the identity of “language learners” and “foreigners” in Korean society. In addition, it shows the influence of conflicting ideologies regarding the “meaning” of “politeness”. This argument is backed up by rich data collected through mixed methods (discourse completion tests, role-plays, natural interactions, introspective interviews), allowing for a detailed picture of how the honorifics use of second language speakers emerges in context. The book concludes by discussing the implications of the study for politeness research, interlanguage pragmatics and language pedagogy.

This book describes the Portuguese-based Creole which is widely spoken as a first language in Guinea-Bissau. The study focuses on one variety, 'central Kriyol', and its main aim is to present a complete description of the grammar of the language. The theoretical framework for the syntactic analysis is purposely eclectic but relies primarily on Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, and ample attention is paid to the cognitive or semantic dimension in the explanation of linguistic facts.
After a short introduction on the history and phonology of the language and the organization of the study, there are chapters dealing with the simple sentence, Tense and Aspect, the noun phrase, the complex sentence, topicalization/focalization/questions, and Middles/Passives/Causatives. The final chapter discusses Kriyol texts, especially comic-books, from which a considerable number of examples used in the study are taken.

Can historically marginalized, threatened languages be saved in the contemporary global era? In relation to the wider postcolonial world, especially the Caribbean, this book focuses on efforts to preserve and promote Lesser Antillean French Creole – Kwéyòl – as the national language of Saint Lucia and on the legacy of colonialism and impact of globalization, with which English has become the universal lingua franca, as mitigating factors undermining these efforts. It deals specifically with language planning for democratization and government; literacy, the schools and higher education; and the mass media. It also examines changes in the status of and attitudes toward Kwéyòl, English and French since national independence and presents language planning implications from these changes and steps already undertaken to elevate Kwéyòl. The book offers new insight into globalization and its impact on linguistic pluralism, language planning, national development, Creole languages, and cultural identity in the Caribbean.

This handbook for German/English/German technical translators at all levels from student to professional covers the root terminologies of the spectrum of scientific and engineering fields. The work is designed to give technical translators direct insight into the main error sources occurring in their profession, especially those resulting from a poor understanding of the subject matter and the usage of particular terms to designate different concepts in different branches of technology. The style is easy to read and suitable for nonnative English speakers and translators with no engineering experience. Volume 1 presents a comprehensive systematic description of the basic concepts underlying all branches of technology: Electrical, Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Materials, Science, Electronics, Nucleonics, Aeronautics, Computers, Automobiles, Plastics and other important fields. Volume 2 expands this terminology with the aid of a Technical Thesaurus and a set of structured bilingual dictionaries which draw attention to specific English/German errors, usage of technical vocabulary and to collocations of general vocabulary in engineering contexts.
The two volumes combine 3 major areas: 1. Technical Translation, 2. General Linguistics and 3. Computational Lexicography, possibly indirectly marking the birth of a new discipline &#8220;Technical Linguistics&#8221;.
The book is designed for practical as well as academic use, for translator trainers, practicing translators, applied linguists, and professional engineers and scientists working with English/German documentation.
&#8220;There is so much material there that the books will not only be wanted by English/German/English translators, but the English basis on its own will be attractive to other language orientations involving English&#8221; Juan C. Sager (UMIST, Manchester)

This handbook for German/English/German technical translators at all levels from student to professional covers the root terminologies of the spectrum of scientific and engineering fields. The work is designed to give technical translators direct insight into the main error sources occurring in their profession, especially those resulting from a poor understanding of the subject matter and the usage of particular terms to designate different concepts in different branches of technology. The style is easy to read and suitable for nonnative English speakers and translators with no engineering experience. Volume 1 presents a comprehensive systematic description of the basic concepts underlying all branches of technology: Electrical, Mechanical and Chemical Engineering, Materials, Science, Electronics, Nucleonics, Aeronautics, Computers, Automobiles, Plastics and other important fields. Volume 2 expands this terminology with the aid of a Technical Thesaurus and a set of structured bilingual dictionaries which draw attention to specific English/German errors, usage of technical vocabulary and to collocations of general vocabulary in engineering contexts.
The two volumes combine 3 major areas: 1. Technical Translation, 2. General Linguistics and 3. Computational Lexicography, possibly indirectly marking the birth of a new discipline &#8220;Technical Linguistics&#8221;.
The book is designed for practical as well as academic use, for translator trainers, practicing translators, applied linguists, and professional engineers and scientists working with English/German documentation.
&#8220;There is so much material there that the books will not only be wanted by English/German/English translators, but the English basis on its own will be attractive to other language orientations involving English&#8221; Juan C. Sager (UMIST, Manchester)