This study had its purpose to evaluate cooperative village residents' post occupancy satisfaction and need, in the aspects of living environment, social environment, maintenance & management, regional environment, and economic environment. This evaluation should give meaningful data to enhance satisfaction level in the planning and maintenance of sustainable back-to-farm villages. 60 residents residing in the 6 villages answered the questionnaire of this study, which was analysed on the frequency and mean with its median score 3.0. The results of this study were as follows. 1) In the aspect of living environment, villages were recommended to have promenade path, resting spot, bench, small sporting facilities and culture space with adequate programs. 2) In the aspect of social environment, the villages were recommended to have autonomous council and hobby groups, with improved education programs for residents' back-to-farm life. 3) In the aspect of maintenance and management, the authority was recommended to assist the manual development for the pre-planning program of operation cost, and the establishment of village's fund guide and master plan. 4) In the aspect of regional environment, it was needed to make network system between residents and local specialists in civic groups; this network would make village programs to be tied with local programs and resources. And the authority was recommended to assist the cost for the villages to share their programs and facilities with neighboring ones. 5) In the aspect of economic environment, it was recommended to provide local facilities for income increase and production-aid, the mentor system to help non-experience farmers, programs for utilization of surrounding economic resources, and programs for the job-related or other economic activities in the local base.

This study proposed ideas for saving energy used for lighting devices by utilizing an individual's record of experiences. This paper regards lifestyles as a key element affecting the lighting energy waste. The core idea of this study is to provide a customized one-to-one lighting device control service using life-log data. The results are as follows. First, the collection method and the information structure of the 'life-log data' are defined. Life-log data recorded regarding to '5W 1H' information structure. Second, by utilizing the life-log data as an evidence, it has developed smart home service process; 'situation awareness', 'service determined', 'similarity check', 'data filtering', 'decision making' and 'lighting control'. Life-log data analysis methods took into account the CBR and RBR. Third, service journey map illustrated the process of data scheduling as case of life-log data in 24 hours in response to the demands on situational service and chance of energy savings. The significance of this study is in improving the satisfaction of residents and providing appropriate services in circumstances by individually controlling all lighting devices installed inside housing.

The economic assessment of apartment buildings was added to the design competition evaluation item of 2014 in order to in order to relatively evaluate a well-planned as applied to the rational. These items will play an important role in reducing the construction cost for building the apartment complex. The purpose of this study is to check the design characteristics of apartment complex getting good score with the examination standard and the effectiveness of guideline through comparing to actual construction costs. The examination standards were chosen as underground parking space per a car, south-facing ratio of sunshine, minimizing the bending outer walls. They made the evaluation results to apply to five completed complex in from 2013 to 2014 with the similar items to evaluate alternatives of the actual design competition. Characteristic of only received a superior scoring is as follows. First, underground parking area per a car was only effective that parking lots could be arranged parallel or perpendicular when the axis of the designed apartment complex was unified. Second, the score maximizing the percentage of sunshine south-facing is high when there are many units facing southward if the floor area ratio is more than 190%. Third, in the case of south-facing ratio of sunshine, how to design the cornered unit of L-type buildings is a factor that increase the difference in scoring. The floor plan related to inner walls of units and common parts of buildings, i.e. staircases, elevators should be designed to remove the bending outer walls as much as possible. This study presents how to reduce the construction cost by design of buildings and underground parking, and check the fact that such design conditions are reflected in the design economic evaluation in LH housing competitions.

Energy is essential resource to modern society and is a key in determining whether or not sustainable development. In the energy consumption of buildings in Korea, the building sector accounts for 18.2% of a total energy consumption. The purpose of this study was to computed the energy efficiency indicator of residential building sector using national statistics as indicator factors for building energy policy. Energy efficiency indicator are composed of an energy consumption as numerator and an activity data from national statistics as denominator. National statistics data in this study were energy consumption statistic, GDP, population, number of household & house, number of residential building mass and floor area. This study proposed that house unit-based indicator (toe/house) and floor area unit-based indicator () were useful as the energy efficiency indicator for residential building sector. These indicators can be used as a time-series trend analysis and energy efficiency criteria. Energy intensity per house unit was 1.4toe/house in 2012 and it showed a high reduction rate of 35.1% during the analysis period. Energy intensity per floor area was in 2012 and was reduced by 55% for 1996. The graphs and charts show that the time-series trend of these energy efficiency indicator has been consistently low.

The habitual rooms and other structures related to everyday life are almost always grouped around the courtyard and together make up a house. There are many kinds of variety in types of courtyard houses depending on location, composition, allocation and relationship with inner space of the house. Every type of courtyard house accumulates many factors, which are social and economic circumstances, weather and geographical conditions. They are still well harmonized with life style and weather conditions in each area and basic unit of city organization. A courtyard can be shown as a place for everyday conversation like a community. Everyday space is the connective tissue that binds daily lives together, amorphous and so persuasive that it is difficult even to perceive. In spite of its ubiquity, everyday space is nearly invisible in the professional discourses of the city, like everyday life. Therefore Courtyards are special places that are outside yet almost inside, open to the sky, - a microcosm which gives relief to the inner rooms, gives the inhabitants a sense of ease and calm, and the feeling that they have their own piece of sky to use and protect them. This research will explore a variety of the spatial characteristics and planning elements of courtyards based on academic and field research.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between visibility and natural movement through the experiment in the virtual space. Natural movement is basic movement behavior which is guided by natural vision. So it is important to secure basic data for the visual factors affecting natural movement in the visibility-movement research field. The relationships between visibility and movement from previous studies were discussed and their correlation was analyzed under controled experimental conditions. The results showed that visual distance affected the natural movement. The movement pattern under short visual distance condition was especially similar to the visitors circular pattern in a gallery. Although previous studies suggested that movement was strongly guided by the longest visual line or the minimum angle change, the results showed that the additional exploratory space guided more natural movements.

In Japan, various methods of area management based on Transit Oriented Development (TOD) have been issued to deal with the problem of shrinking population and aging society. This study is to identify the trends and characteristics of area management by focusing on 38 cases of local governance on railway station areas in Japan. Typology was created by using 29 indicators based on 4 criteria (spatial utilization, activity, organization, and area characteristic) and the cases were classified into 6 different types of area management:(A. Resource Utilization, B. Station Area Redevelopment, C. Community Development, D. Station Area Revitalization, E. Transportation Function Reinforcement, and F. Design Adjustment) which varies from the characteristics of land use, area potential, and starting point of activities. The comparative analysis for each type of area management specified the methods of organizational operation and space utilization. As a conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of the role and function of private sectors in the area management and the necessity of legislative actions for enhance the involvement of local communities and organizations for the future application of area management in Korea.

Since established Japan Housing Corporation in 1955 numerous apartment complexes were constructed during the 1955-1984(Showa 30-50) to provide quality housing for housing shortage. Tamadairadanchi was one of the large housing complexes constructed in 1958 and it had been reconstructed since 1996. The aim of this paper is to find out sustainable conversion methods of Tamadairadanchi by UR Agency. Literature and institutional review, site survey were the methods for the following findings. Tamadairadanchi was carried out reconstructed only for relocation housing of residents, and the other site for surplus was lease or transfer to private sector. According to the characteristics of region, land use and land ratio was changed for various type of housing, local-based public facilities, commercial complex, experimental housing for the future, etc.. Renaissance2 project was renewal of housing stock as experimental housing for the future. For regional revitalization it was suggested by 1-person housing, multi-generation housing, garden housing and community space. Sustainable conversion of Tamadairadanchi is being proceeded through community board by consisted of Hino City, UR Agency, and residents' participation.

The purpose of this study is to trace the settlement process of the megastructure and urban architecture tendency in France and the morphological evolution process of the 'bar' from the independent form of modern architecture to the contextual form of contemporary city. The 'double parallel bar' has been selected for an architectural type interpretable as aggregation of two independents buildings or three differentiated spaces, and a case study has been produced on this type of housing interpreted in the form of megastructure and urban architecture. As a result, it has been found that the 'bar' has evolved from the modern form, composed of thin pellicle, that constituted the homogeneous spaces disconnected from the city, to the current form, recomposed of thick spatial envelope, that constitutes the differentiated urban spaces at the boundaries with the city.

This research aims to find out the impact of systematic risk on risk-premium and understand if CAPM (Capital Asset Pricing Model) is applicable to office building market at Seoul city in South Korea. In light of this notion, this research, specifically, considers four different office building markets in Seoul city area, called GBD(Gangnam Business District), YBD(Yeouido Business District), CBD(Central Business District), and Other Business District, to figure out whether there exists any positive-linearity between systematic risk and risk-premium for each business district. Afterward, this research seeks to verify applicability of CAPM to four office building markets based upon Black, Jensen, and Scholes(1972)'s statistical method. Finally, the results show some meaningful findings that there is positive linear-relationship between systematic risk and risk-premium in all business districts apart from YBD, which means capital-asset could be fairly priced in GBD, CBD, and other Business District, and that the applicability of CAPM should be only taken into account in Other Business District.

A numerical study was carried out to evaluate VOC emissions from adhesive-bonded materials under different conditions of material characteristics. The analysis was carried out using a numerical modeling which predicts emission rates from adhesive-bonded materials considering mass transfer in materials, interface of material and air, mass transfer in boundary layer, and mass balance in a room. Strategies to reduce toluene emissions and to improve indoor air quality are presented based on the results. The results show that material characteristics have impact on peak concentrations, times when the peak appears, and decay rates in the course of time. It is suggested that appropriate countermeasures of selecting materials can contribute reducing toluene emissions and improve indoor air quality.

This study was conducted to investigate contamination in the ventilation ducts in 32 apartment houses in Seoul. Duct contamination measurements were used based on endoscope camera. The results are as follows; In the case of ceiling heat exchangers, contamination in the exhaust diffuser areas of kitchen was severe. Also contamination in the case of under floor ventilation was serious at outdoor air-introduction components and the elbow areas of lower machine parts. To compare analyses of contamination level according to the installation of damper in ventilation system, intalled dampers contamination level on the floor ventilation types were higher than the ceiling ventilation types. According to the result of duct contamination measurement in apartment houses, the installation of dampers revealed importance factors in the contamination of microorganisms such as bacteria and mold.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of illumination and the process of applicability in its aspects of the legal practice. An object of investigation was used with the data which were obtained by the differences in buildings completed for apartment underground parking garage since the late 1990s. The sample size was that of 9 apartment houses in Ulsan. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Overall, the level of illuminance is shown to be kept below the criteria of the regulation. 2) In order to satisfy the criteria suggested of the law, subjects of the investigation don't have an active aspect to reflect the objectives and significance for changing standards. But are merely obsessed with meeting minimum requirements for illumination installation. 3) In the current situation where only minimum illumination is regulated, a problem occurs because improvement of uniformity ratio has not been made. So better regulations are needed to alleviate the problem of illumination that is need to adopt the regulations in the average illumination.

Volatile organic compounds in buildings from finishing materials, adhesives, built-in furniture, etc. can cause headaches, atopic dermatitis, etc. for occupants in the buildings. To mitigate this, the Korean government has obligated to flush out the buildings after new construction and before occupancy since 2011. In this study, the current status of performing flush-out in multi-family residential buildings in Korea were analyzed, and its improvement would be proposed. At first, a questionnaire survey was conducted to figure out the current status of flush-out performances targeting a number of construction companies who have already constructed multi-family residential buildings with compliance of the obligation. Through the analysis of this survey, several conditions that need to be improved for flush-out were identified. Secondly, the identified conditions were evaluated in varying conditions using a simulation program to figure out an effective way of performing flush-out rather than as it is. As a result, a flush-out performance period with an appropriate supply air volume, and indoor temperature and humidity were identified to be improved through the survey, and it revealed through the simulation that the flush-out should be performed at least 14 days to reduce the indoor air pollution more than a half.

This paper shows the characteristics of airflow by infiltration through opening of underground parking lot in office building. This infiltration affects indoor air quality and building energy consumption. The effect of the wind velocity, direction and temperature differences between indoor and outdoor on the airflow through the building envelop has been investigated. In this study, the effect of the infiltration through opening of underground parking lot in office building will be analyzed using airflow network modeling by CONTAMW 3.0. Office building were simulated to confirm these characteristics. It is important to estimate the airflow and pressure difference across opening of underground parking lot for understanding the energy impacts of infiltration in office building because infiltration is likely to affect building energy consumption. As a result, there is general upward movement of air inside the building under outside cold conditions with airflow into vertical shafts from the lower floors and out to the upper ones. For preventing problems from the stack effect in office building, the first concern should be the improvement of airtightness in the opening of underground parking lot.