Dr. Minot Savage, a Unitarian minister and psychical researcher, (below) reported on a December 28, 1888 sitting which his brother, the Rev. William H. Savage, had with trance medium Leonora Piper, of Boston, Mass. Speaking through Mrs. Piper, Phinuit, her spirit control, told William that somebody named Robert West was there and wanted to send a message to Minot. William Savage had known West, also a minister, but did not understand the message.

The message was in the form of an apology for something West had written about Minot “in advance.” William Savage passed it on to his brother, who understood it and explained that West was editor of a publication called The Advance and had criticized his work in an editorial. During the sitting, William Savage asked for a description of West, who had died in 1886. An accurate description was given along with the information that West had died of hemorrhage of the kidneys, a fact unknown to either William or Minot Savage but which was later verified by Minot.

“There was no reason for the [apology] unless it be found in simply human feeling on [West’s] part that he had discovered that he had been guilty of an injustice, and wished, as far as possible, to make reparation, and this for peace of his own mind,” Minot Savage offered.

When William Savage sat with Mrs. Piper two weeks later, West again communicated, stating that his body was buried at Alton, Illinois. He gave the wording on his tombstone, “Fervent in spirit, serving the Lord.” William and Minot Savage were unaware of either of these facts, but Minot later confirmed them as true. “Now the striking thing about this lies in the fact that my brother was not thinking of this matter and cared nothing about it,” Minot Savage ended the story, feeling that this ruled out mental telepathy, a popular theory of psychical researchers, on the part of Mrs. Piper.

Curious as to whether the tombstone of Robert West could be located, Amos Oliver Doyle, (see his website at http://www.patienceworth.com/about/) drove to Alton Illinois on July 9, 2014. “I can’t say that the cemetery was difficult to find although I did drive around a little bit until I found an access road,” he told me by e-mail. “I finally got to Broadway Street which is a river road in the flood plain of the Mississippi River and found Pearl Street, an access road to the cemetery. The cemetery is the old Alton City Cemetery situated on a high point overlooking the Mississippi river, although the river has changed course somewhat over time and trees and houses have sprung up obstructing the view from Robert West’s grave. It is one of the oldest cemeteries in Illinois and appears somewhat unvisited in the older parts but I did see a new grave being dug in a newer section at the time I was there. The neighborhood is somewhat run down and the city has moved away from this older core area.”

Doyle discovered that some of the graves date to the 1700s. “I must say that I was somewhat disappointed when I saw the tombstone,” he continued. “I think that after spending so much time locating the grave and considering the import of the grave relative to the Piper materials, I fantasized that I would find some granite monument with a statue of an angel with a trumpet on top, but alas, Robert West’s tombstone is a non-photogenic, modest stone located in the fourth plot from the cemetery iron entrance gate in what is probably the oldest part of the cemetery.”

The stone, Doyle observed, is of limestone and was badly weathered with lichens over it. “I could barely make out the names on the stone although ‘WEST” is clearly visible in raised letters at the base of the stone,” he said. “Now I don’t know that this Robert West is the one referenced by Phinuit in the Piper materials but a few things do fit. The burial is in an Alton Cemetery of the appropriate time period. The death date on the stone of October 25th, 1886 agrees with the date ascertained from The Advance. Although his birth date is badly weathered, I believe it is September 14, 1848 (or 1842?) which would make him between 38 and 44 when he died. Apparently he was not married. He is buried next to Margaret (?) West who was born in 1806 and died in 1887 making her 81 years old when she died. The other person buried there is probably Cornelius (?) West with birth and death dates of 1806 and 1877 respectively making him 71 years old when he died. It might be reasonable to assume that these two people were his parents.”

Based on the appearance of the stone and some research, Doyle concluded that the West family was not well-to-do or prominent in Alton society as there are far more impressive monuments there. As for the epitaph, possibly the most evidential part of the reading William Savage had with Mrs. Piper, Doyle could not make out the wording. However, the length of the wording seemed to be appropriate for what little that he could discern. “If I use my imagination I think I can see an ‘ing’ at the end of the first line and an ‘F’ at the beginning of the first line. On the second line I imagine I see an ‘L’ and sometimes a ‘T’ at the beginning of the second line but, then again, I know it is supposed to say ‘Fervent in spirit, serving the Lord.’ Nevertheless, there was an epitaph there and I do believe that it was as reported.”

Changing hats and playing the “devil’s advocate,” Doyle can come up with a number of debunking theories, all based on speculation. Even though William Savage had an anonymous sitting with Mrs. Piper, it was apparently arranged by Minot Savage, and she could have seen the brotherly resemblance between the two and concluded that it was his brother. As Robert West lived in Boston, Mrs. Piper’s city, from 1881 to 1882, before moving to Chicago and becoming editor of The Advance, she could have known him or known of him. Mrs. Piper could have read that West had died in Illinois and someone could have told her what he died from and about the epitaph. Doyle can add several more “could have” possibilities to the story along with some ad hominem arguments.

It’s like the man accused of a crime after his DNA was found at the crime scene, a place he claimed to have never visited. It’s possible that someone had it in for the accused man, obtained hair or other body material from the man, and planted it at the crime scene. If such a “could have” argument is accepted, nobody would ever be convicted of a crime. It is the same with evidence for psychic matters; there is always a “could have” connected with it?
But if we look at the testimony of distinguished researchers, including William James, Richard Hodgson, Frederic Myers, Sir Oliver Lodge, and James Hyslop, Mrs. Piper’s integrity and honesty were beyond rebuke. Hodgson, a skilled debunker when he first met Mrs. Piper, studied her for some 18 years and there was no doubt in his mind that fraud was not a factor. Moreover, there was much evidence that came through her mediumship that stretches any “could have” speculation beyond reason. If we accept all the spirit communication gathered by Hodgson and the others as genuine, why not the Robert West communication?

Consider an earlier sitting, in 1886, with Mrs. Piper by Minot Savage, apparently arranged by Professor William James of Harvard, a friend of Savage’s. In that sitting, Dr. Phinuit, speaking through Mrs. Piper, told Savage that an older man was there and was referring to Minot as “Judson.” Phinuit also said that the man had a peculiar bare spot on his head. Savage understood this, explaining that Judson was his middle name and the name by which his father called him, even though everyone else called him Minot. Also, his father had suffered a bad burn at an early age, which left a large bare spot on his head, something he tried to disguise by brushing his hair over it. (It should be noted that spirits generally show themselves in a manner that they will be remembered, not as they are in spirit life.)

During the same sitting, Phinuit also said, “Here is somebody who says his name is John. He was your brother. No, not your own brother, your half-brother.” This brother also related personal facts from his life, including how he died, all of which Minot confirmed as true. “Many other things occurred during the sitting,” Savage related. “But I mention only these, because, though simple, they are clear-cut and striking, and because I see no way by which Mrs. Piper could ever have known them.”

And we must also ask what Minot Savage and William Savage had to gain by distorting or inaccurately reporting the facts, especially considering that most clergy of the day were very much opposed to mediumship of any kind and were anxious to find ways to discredit it. But like the weathering of the epitaph, good evidence seems to deteriorate with time and there seems always to be a need for new evidence.

As for Robert West’s guilt and remorse, I wonder if the debunkers who scoff and sneer at all psychic phenomena while attempting to defame certain gifted and credible mediums, psychics, and near-death experiencers will feel similar regret after their deaths. My guess is that they will, but that it will take them a hundred or more years in earth time for them to even realize they are dead before they can begin to apologize.

This is a slight rewrite of my editorial appearing in the July issue of the Journal for Spiritual and Consciousness Studies. For more information about the Journal and the Academy for Spiritual and Consciousness Studies, Inc., go to http://ascsi.org/

“Was all this real at one time, or is it all Hollywood fantasy?” That was the question I pondered on while sitting on a bench waiting for my wife and granddaughter in Disneyland’s Main Street USA theme park not long ago. Were the late 1800s and early 1900s really as happy as Disney has made them out to be?

Disney aside, when I think of that era, I get fleeting images of happy times. The “Gay Nineties” immediately comes to mind. I picture scenes from Hollywood movies showing couples walking arm in arm in an Easter parade on Main Street, one just like Disney has depicted, people enjoying themselves at a family picnic at the lake or at the state fair. I visualize church socials, families sitting together at a dinner table, kids swimming in the river, neat Victorian houses with manicured gardens, trolley cars with smiling conductors. prancing horses, bells ringing, little specialty shops, soda fountains, happy faces everywhere. Is it all an illusion created by Hollywood?

Actually, some of that was still around when I grew up during the late 1930s and the 40s. People sat on their porches and waved to each other as kids skated on the sidewalk and played ball in the middle of the street. We knew the names of everyone on the block. We had family picnics several times a year. People went to church on Sunday mornings and most stores were closed on Sundays. The ice cream man pushed his cart down the street and kids ran after him with their nickels to buy an Eskimo Pie, returning to a game of hide & seek, with no fear of perverts lurking in the hiding places.

Television changed all that. Adults moved from the porch into the house, and the kids followed. Streets were suddenly vacant. Gradually, we came to not know the neighbors or if we knew them, it was only a nod, as everyone was in a rush to get home, turn on the television, and escape into a fantasy world. TV commercials created a “need” for material things and Sunday was very soon a good day for shopping.

Based on my own childhood observations and experiences, I am inclined to think that Main St. USA is not completely fantasy and maybe such a world as Disney has tried to simulate actually existed at one time. But then when I read some of the philosophers of that period, I wonder. For example, William James, the pioneering psychologist, is said to have suffered from what he called “soul sickness,” and even contemplated suicide around 1870, while he was attending medical school at Harvard.

This soul sickness seems to have affected many people, apparently coming in the wake of Darwinism. “We were all in the first flush of triumphant Darwinism, when terrene evolution had explained so much that men hardly cared to look beyond,” wrote Cambridge scholar and pioneering psychical researcher Frederic W. H. Myers, in explaining why he began searching for evidence of the soul. As Myers saw it, the old-world sustenance was too unsubstantial for the modern cravings, the result being that advances in science and technology were leading to unprecedented prosperity, but, at the same time, this prosperity brought about a decline in the dignity of life. It was suddenly life without meaning. In effect, the advances in science and technology outpaced man’s ability to mentally and morally adjust to them, thereby creating an emotional void. The “death of God,” as decreed by Friedrich Nietzsche (below) in 1882, the same year that Myers helped co-found the Society for Psychical Research, resulted in despair and hopelessness for many, especially the educated classes of the civilized world. There were many who repressed the idea of Nietzsche’s “nothingness” by escaping into mundane earthly activities, but there were others who could not completely repress it or relieve their minds of this soul sickness.

Well before Darwinism impacted the world, mainstream religion was in decline, as science and its concomitant, rationalism, took hold. Thomas Paine’s book, The Age of Reason, published in three parts (1794, 1795, and 1807) influenced many educated people to repudiate their religious beliefs, including both God and the idea of an afterlife. For those who sat on the fence, unsure as to what to believe, Darwinism was the knock-out blow, since it was perceived as totally refuting the biblical account of creation as set forth in the Book of Genesis, which said that God created the world in seven days. Falsus in uno, falso in omnibus – false in one, then false in all – seems to have been the logical conclusion. After all, if the Bible had been inspired by God, as religious leaders claimed, how could an all-knowing God be so wrong? Therefore, god must not exist, and if there is no god, then there must not be an afterlife, either, was the logical deduction.

“Critical rationalism has apparently eliminated along with so many other mythic conceptions the idea of life after death,” observed pioneering psychiatrist Carl Jung.

In his study of the late nineteenth century, historian Donald J. Mrozek confirms Myers’s (below) assessment. “The liveliness and energy of late nineteenth-century American culture all but necessitated that its ‘search for order’ would be accompanied by a search for meaning,” he wrote, going on to say that “although the yearning for spiritual fulfillment remained, supernatural forces faced impeachment in a century of rapidly accumulating scientific discoveries, many of which ran counter to the traditional sources of spiritual guidance.”

As materialism, scientism, Darwinism, and nihilism had become the new philosophies, “the late nineteenth century also ached for the comfort and assurance of the religious sensibility, even as specific creeds fell and denominations dissembled,” Mrozek continued. “The need for renewal – on an emotional and spiritual level perhaps even more than a physical one – may have been even stronger beneath the surface than its public expressions, in the face of challenges from science and skepticism, suggested.”

Philosopher Eugene Rose observed that much of the literature of the nineteenth century had non-serviam as a constant theme. The objective was to overthrow God and crush all His institutions, permitting “triumphant Man to ascend His throne to rule in his own right.” This mindset, Rose concluded, was a result of “righteous” indignation against the injustices and tyranny of God and His earthly representatives and was based much more on passion than on the truth.

If the spirits who communicated in the years immediately following the advent of Spiritualism in 1848 are to be believed, there was a plan behind it all – a plan that resulted from a growing loss of faith and spiritual values in an increasingly materialistic world. “It is to draw mankind together in harmony, and to convince skeptics of the immortality of the soul,” was the reply given to Territory of Wisconsin Governor Nathaniel P. Tallmadge when he asked a communicating spirit claiming to be John C. Calhoun, former vice-president of the United States, about the purpose of the strange phenomena.

Apparently, some progress was made in restoring belief in a hereafter by 1914. In reviewing a book about life after death for the April 1914 issue of the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research, Professor James Hyslop wrote: “The primary importance of the book is the simple fact that the subject can be discussed, when twenty-five years ago a book either affirming or denying immortality would not have received publication, most probably. Skepticism and agnosticism have been so confident of their positions ever since Immanuel Kant and Herbert Spencer, that no man has dared venture to show himself on the affirmative side for fear of being accused of being religious or of being a fool.”

But Spiritualism was not strong enough to resist the negative forces of materialism and rationalism, and it, for the most part, began to weaken around 1900. After experiencing a resurgence during World War I, it quickly faded during the “Roaring Twenties,” when materialism renewed itself after the Great War. An economic depression and then another world war stemmed the tide of materialism for a decade or so, but by the 1960s materialism and its close companions, hedonism and Epicureanism, had clearly declared victory.

“An unfortunate awareness has overtaken our species,” opined humanistic philosopher Alan Harrington in his 1969 book, The Immortalist. “Masses of men and women everywhere no longer believe that they have even the slightest chance of living beyond the grave. The unbeliever pronounces a death sentence on himself. For millions this can be not merely disconcerting but a disastrous perception.”

As Harrington saw it, when people are deprived of rebirth vision, they “suffer recurring spells of detachment, with either violence or apathy to follow.” Harrington saw mass-atheism as responsible for most, if not all, of society’s ills, including misplaced sexual energy. “Orgies, husband and wife swaps, and the like, more popular than ever among groups of quite ordinary people, represent a mass assault on the mortal barrier,” he opined.
The “detachment” observed by Harrington 45 years ago seems to be much the same thing as the “soul sickness” of William James of 145 years ago. It is likely the same thing as what was once called “shell shock” in the military and now called “Post Traumatic Stress Disorder” (PTSD). Some call it “death anxiety.” Whatever name be given to it, it is the result of a failure to find any meaning in life, a failure to see a greater reality. “At the heart of this distress, the illness may be identified, simply and without sham, as the fear of aging and death,” Harrington offered.

“The state of anxiety, the feeling of powerlessness and insignificance, and especially the doubt concerning one’s future after death, represent a state of mind which is practically unbearable for anybody,” wrote Erich Fromm, another humanistic philosopher.

The big difference is that in those earlier years, people did not have all the escape methods they have today. Those of William James’s time didn’t have radio, television, phones, movies, or the Internet. There were relatively few books and limited travel. There just was not much to do to help a person flee from the idea that life has no meaning, if that was what the person had come to believe. He or she might spend many hours sitting in front of a fire place while contemplating extinction, obliteration, and nothingness and concluding that one’s deceased loved ones are gone forever. Nietzsche is said to have gone mad during his final years on earth.

The non-believer now just flips a switch or pushes a button to tune into some fake reality so that he or she doesn’t have to think about death and what might follow or not follow. To some extent, escapism works for many, but it manifests itself in other ways, essentially in developing a soulless society – a society governed by the so-called “Seven Deadly Sins.” Consider how Anger is manifest in everything from world terrorism to simple road rage. Lust is openly celebrated on television and in the movies, and various forms of sex are reportedly now common in middle school. Greed and envy drive our advertising industry and the economy. Pride, more appropriately translated to arrogance, is rampant among our revered athletes as well as our politicians and other leaders. Following the belief that pleasure is the highest good, gluttony and sloth can be observed all around us, the latter especially in a growing entitlement mentality.

Walt Disney apparently didn’t see the soul sickness of the Gay Nineties and our leaders and mental health experts don’t recognize it today. They’ll never recognize it as long as they refuse to accept the existence of a soul, and they will never do that as long as mainstream science rejects it. Who or what will save us?

We have been animals by Pierre-Emile Cornillier – Reine sleeps easily, grows cold from the very beginning of the passes, and then, to my surprise, returns to an almost normal temperature. Later on I learn that Vettellini, finding her in bad health, has arrested the chilling of the body. Read here