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Abstract:

The illuminating apparatus includes a light-transmissive surface-emitting
module, and a switching board disposed on a back surface of the
surface-emitting module. The switching board is configured such that a
state of the switching board can be switched between a light blocking
state and a light transmitting state.

Claims:

1. An illuminating apparatus comprising: a light-transmissive
surface-emitting module; and a switching board that is disposed on a back
surface of the surface-emitting module, wherein the switching board is
configured such that a state of the switching board can be switched
between a light blocking state and a light transmitting state.

2. The illuminating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a
solar cell that is arranged on the back surface of the surface-emitting
module through the switching board.

4. The illuminating apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
an illumination sensor; and a lighting control unit configured to control
lighting of the surface-emitting module according to an output of the
illumination sensor.

5. The illuminating apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the
illumination sensor is disposed in parallel to a frame part that
surrounds a light emitting unit of the surface-emitting module from a
side, wherein a storage battery is disposed at a back side of a solar
cell that is arranged on the back surface of the surface-emitting module
through the switching board, and configured to accumulate an
electromotive force generated by the solar cell, and wherein the lighting
control unit controls the lighting of the surface-emitting module with
application of a voltage from the storage battery.

6. The illuminating apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the
surface-emitting module comprises an electroluminescence element in which
a light-transmissive first electrode, a layer having a light emitting
function, and a light-transmissive second electrode are sequentially
laminated on a light-transmissive substrate.

Description:

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present invention relates to an illuminating apparatus, and
more particularly to a surface emission type illuminating apparatus that
generates an electric power through a solar cell with sunlight during the
daytime, and lightens a surface-emitting module by its electromotive
force.

BACKGROUND ART

[0002] Up to now, as a method of illuminating a wall surface, illumination
using a projector is mainstream, but in recent years, attention has been
paid to a surface emission type self-emitting illuminating apparatus as
an illuminating apparatus that facilitates installation without requiring
a feed equipment. The surface emission type self-emitting illuminating
apparatus generates the electric power through the solar cell with the
use of sunlight, and lightens the surface-emitting module by the
electromotive force. Since the surface emission type self-emitting
illuminating apparatus requires no power wiring, and is suitable for
outdoor use such as a ground surface or a wall surface of a fence,
attention is paid to the surface emission type self-emitting illuminating
apparatus as an illuminating apparatus high in energy saving performance
based on natural energy.

[0003] The self-emitting illuminating apparatus of this type requires a
control under which when there is sunlight in the daytime, the
surface-emitting module is not lightened, and the electric power is
generated by the solar cell whereas in the dark, the surface-emitting
module is lightened. The self-emitting illuminating apparatus employs a
method in which the illuminance is detected by the aid of an illuminance
sensor, and energization is switched between the solar cell and the
surface-emitting module according to the detection result.

[0004] For example, there has been proposed a complex illuminating
apparatus in which a power generation element is disposed on a
light-transmissive substrate other than an area where an
electroluminescence element is formed (Patent Document 1). In this
apparatus, a sensor is disposed in a portion where the illumination
element is disposed, and brightening or darkening of the
electroluminescence element is controlled on the basis of the sensor.

[0005] Also, there has been proposed a display panel in which a pulse
light source and a liquid crystal shutter are laminated on each other,
and the light is selectively distributed according to the drive of the
liquid crystal shutter (Patent Document 2).

[0006] Furthermore, there have been proposed a surface-emitting panel for
illumination, and an illuminating apparatus, which can be detachably
attached to a frame (Patent Document 3).

[0010] As described above, there have been variously proposed complex
elements each having the light emitting element and a power generation
device such as the solar cell. However, in the display panel of Patent
Document 2, on/off selection of light is merely conducted by driving the
liquid crystal shutter, and the liquid crystal shutter is disposed on a
front surface of the light emitting element to conduct the operation of
switching the light from the light emitting element.

[0011] Also, in Patent Document 1, the solar cell is disposed on the
light-transmissive substrate in the area except for the area in which the
electroluminescence element is formed. The illumination sensor is
disposed on a portion where the solar cell is disposed. Lighting is
conducted only when necessary according to the detection result of the
illumination sensor under the control, for the purpose of pursuing an
energy saving performance.

[0012] However, at the time of lightening the electroluminescence element,
the light into the power generation element on a back surface cannot be
blocked, and the light is substantially emitted from both surfaces. This
results in such a problem that the illumination efficiency is not
sufficiently obtained.

[0013] On the other hand, when the illuminating apparatus is used for
street lights, it is desirable that the illuminating apparatus is made
transparent during an off-state, and an overall laminated body is
transparent so that the light is prevented from being blocked.

[0014] The present invention has been made in view of the above
viewpoints, and an object thereof is to provide an illuminating apparatus
that is high in illumination efficiency and excellent in exteriority.

Means for Solving the Problem

[0015] An illuminating apparatus according to the present invention
includes: a light-transmissive surface-emitting module; and a switching
board that is disposed on a back surface of the surface-emitting module,
wherein the switching board is configured such that a state of the
switching board can be switched between a light blocking state and a
light transmitting state.

[0016] With this configuration, the switching board is configured such
that the state of the switching board can be switched between the light
blocking state and the light transmitting state. Therefore, when the
surface-emitting module emits a light, the state of the switching board
is switched to the light blocking state whereby the light can be guided
in one direction, and the irradiation efficiency can be prevented from
being deteriorated. On the other hand, when the surface-emitting module
turns off the light, the surface-emitting module is made
light-transmissive, as a result of which there can be provided the
illuminating apparatus that prevents the light from being blocked by the
illuminating apparatus per se, and causes no feeling of pressure at the
time of turning off the light. Also, an unnecessary portion can be shut
out at the time of turning on the light to improve the exteriority.

[0017] Also, according to the present invention, the above illuminating
apparatus further includes a solar cell that is arranged on the back
surface of the surface-emitting module through the switching board.

[0018] With this configuration, a function of generating the electric
power in a state where the exterior at the time of turning off the light
is maintained can be added.

[0019] Also, according to the present invention, in the above illuminating
apparatus, the switching board includes a liquid crystal shutter panel.

[0020] With this configuration, the switching board can be easily switched
between a transparent state and a nontransparent state by application of
a voltage.

[0021] Also, according to the present invention, in the above illuminating
apparatus, the switching board includes a reflection board detachably
attached thereto.

[0022] With this configuration, the switching between the transparent
state and the non-transparent state can be easily conducted with
mechanical attachment or detachment of the switching board. When the
solar cell is laminated, the switching board may be disposed between the
solar cell and the surface-emitting module so as to be inserted or
removed in parallel to a light emitting surface. Also, a back surface of
the solar cell, that is, the surface-emitting module, the solar cell, and
the switching board may be disposed in the stated order. The switching
board may be so disposed as to be movable in parallel to the light
emitting surface. Also, when the switching board is disposed on the
outermost layer, the switching board may be hinge-coupled thereto in an
openable/closable manner.

[0023] Also, according to the present invention, the above illuminating
apparatus further includes an illumination sensor, and a lighting control
unit configured to control lighting of the surface-emitting module
according to an output of the illumination sensor.

[0024] With this configuration, the lighting control can be automatically
conducted, and the power consumption can be saved.

[0025] Also, according to the present invention, in the above illuminating
apparatus, the illumination sensor is disposed in parallel to a frame
part (edge part) that surrounds a light emitting unit of the
surface-emitting module from a side, a storage battery is disposed at a
back side of the solar cell, and configured to accumulate an
electromotive force generated by the solar cell, and the lighting control
unit controls the lighting of the surface-emitting module with
application of a voltage from the storage battery.

[0026] With this configuration, while the storage battery is charged by
the transparent solar cell in the daytime, the light is allowed to be
transmitted without being blocked so that a part of sunlight contributes
to electric power generation by the solar cell, and the remaining
sunlight passes through the panel. Accordingly, because the
surface-emitting module looks transparent even in a storage state, the
illuminating apparatus (panel per se) is hardly visible. Also, at night,
the surface-emitting module emits the light with the electric power from
the storage battery. However, because a liquid crystal shutter forms a
mirror surface with the electric power from the storage battery, the
light from the surface-emitting module is efficiently led only to one
side.

[0027] Also, according to the present invention, in the above illuminating
apparatus, the surface-emitting module includes an electroluminescence
element in which a light-transmissive first electrode, a layer having a
light emitting function, and a light-transmissive second electrode are
sequentially laminated on a light-transmissive substrate.

[0028] With this configuration, the surface-emitting module that is thin
and simple in structure can be provided.

[0029] Also, according to the present invention, in the above illuminating
apparatus, the solar cell and one electrode of the liquid crystal
shutter, and the other electrode of the liquid crystal shutter and one
electrode of the electroluminescence element may be integrated together,
respectively.

[0030] With this configuration, the illuminating apparatus can be more
thinned.

Advantages of the Invention

[0031] As has been described above, according to the illuminating
apparatus of the present invention, there can be provided the
illuminating apparatus excellent in the exterior and high in irradiation
efficiency. Also, even when a large-area panel is configured, the panel
is made light-transmissive at the time of turning off the light,
resulting in the illuminating apparatus that prevents the light from
being blocked by the illuminating apparatus per se, and causes no feeling
of pressure at the time of turning off the light.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032]FIG. 1 is an external view illustrating an illuminating apparatus
according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) are diagram illustrating an illuminating
apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in
which FIG. 2(a) is a top view thereof, and FIG. 2(b) is a cross-sectional
view thereof.

[0034]FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one state of the
illuminating apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present
invention.

[0035]FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another state of the
illuminating apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present
invention.

[0036]FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating the illuminating
apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0037]FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an illumination sensor and an
installation part thereof in the illuminating apparatus according to the
first embodiment of the present invention.

[0038]FIG. 7 is a schematically cross-sectional view of a main portion of
the illuminating apparatus according to the first embodiment of the
present invention.

[0039] FIG. 8 is an external view illustrating an illuminating apparatus
according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[0040]FIG. 9 is a schematically cross-sectional view of a main portion of
the illuminating apparatus according to the second embodiment of the
present invention.

[0041]FIG. 10 is a schematically cross-sectional view of a main portion
of an illuminating apparatus according to a third embodiment of the
present invention.

MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

[0042] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described
in detail with reference to drawings.

First Embodiment

[0043] An illuminating apparatus 1 according to a first embodiment of the
present invention is fitted to a pole placed on a road. FIG. 1 is an
external view, FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) are a top view and a cross-sectional
illustrative view, respectively, FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views
of the apparatus illustrating the operation, FIG. 5 is a schematic
perspective view, FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the main portion of the
illustration sensor unit, and FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view
of a main portion of the illuminating apparatus. The illuminating
apparatus is equipped with a light-transmissive surface-emitting module
100, and a solar cell 200 disposed over a back surface of the
surface-emitting module 100 through a switching board formed of a liquid
crystal shutter panel 300. When there is sunlight, the solar cell 200
transmits the sunlight while generating an electric power as a solar
cell. When there is no sunlight, the liquid crystal shutter panel 300 is
put into a light blocking state so that the light is led to only the
front of the surface-emitting module 100.

[0044] FIGS. 2 to 4 correspond to an A-A cross section of FIG. 5. As
illustrated in FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b), the illuminating apparatus includes a
surface-emitting module 100 formed of a light-transmissive organic
electroluminescence element, a solar cell 200 disposed over the back
surface of the surface-emitting module 100 through the liquid crystal
shutter panel (switching board) 300, and an illumination sensor 500
disposed in parallel to a frame part 102 surrounding a light emitting
unit 101 of the surface-emitting module 100 from a side. The illuminating
apparatus also includes a storage battery 400 disposed on a back surface
side of the solar cell 200, and accumulating an electromotive force
generated by the solar cell 200 therein, and a control unit 600
configuring a lighting control unit that controls the lighting of the
surface-emitting module while applying a voltage from the storage battery
400 according to an output of the illumination sensor 500. This
illuminating apparatus is sealed by a vessel (not shown) and an outer
cover (not shown), and arranged outdoor. FIG. 6 is an enlarged diagram of
a main portion of the illumination sensor and an installation part
thereof.

[0045] The organic electroluminescence element configuring the light
emitting unit 101 of the surface-emitting module easily provides
translucency by selection of the light emitting material. As illustrated
in a schematic cross-sectional view of FIG. 7, a light emitting function
layer 108 including a hole transport layer made of an aromatic diamine
compound such as α-NPD, a light emitting layer made of Alq3, and an
electron transport layer made of coumarin, and a second electrode 109
having an ITO pattern about 100 to 200 nm in thickness are sequentially
formed on a first electrode 107 having an ITO pattern about 100 to 200 nm
in thickness, which is formed on a light-transmissive glass substrate 106
through a sputtering method, thereby configuring the light-transmissive
organic electroluminescence element. A frame part 102 made of aluminum
cast is so disposed as to surround a peripheral edge of the glass
substrate.

[0046] Notch parts 103 are formed at outer sides of the frame part 102,
and the illumination sensor 500 formed of a CdS pyroelectric element is
disposed in any one of the notch parts 103 to detect the illuminance of
the external. Aluminum cast is exposed from each surface of the notch
parts 103 to configure a reflective surface.

[0047] Also, the solar cell 200 is of a size falling within a projected
area of the light emitting unit 101, and arranged at a given distance
from the light emitting unit 101 of the surface-emitting module 100. The
solar cell is configured by a laminated body including a
light-transmissive fourth electrode 202 such as ITO which is formed on a
light-transmissive support substrate 201, a polycrystal silicon layer 203
as a photoelectric conversion element layer, a light-transmissive third
electrode 204 mainly containing ITO which is about 100 to 200 nm in
thickness, and an antireflective film 205. The light-transmissive third
electrode 204 made of ITO is disposed at a side facing the light emitting
unit 101 of the surface-emitting module 100. The solar cell needs a size
corresponding to an electric energy required for a light source. However,
because the organic electroluminescence element is of a power saving
property, the solar cell is sufficient to provide the same light
receiving area as an effective region of the organic electroluminescence
element, that is, a light emitting region. The solar cell can be
downsized with the laminated structure. Also, the antireflective film
that covers the surface of the third electrode which is the light
receiving surface side is adjusted as occasion demands to provide a
so-called color solar cell which can have a desired color, and whose
surface is shiny.

[0048] That is, the conventional solar cell is navy or purple whereas the
color solar cell freely changes an apparent color by changing the
thickness or refractive index of the antireflective film of the solar
cell (using the light interference effect of the thin film), and provides
various colors. In this way, with adjustment of the composition, quality,
or thickness of the antireflective film of the color solar cell, there
can be adjusted a ratio at which the light is reflected from the organic
electroluminescence element and led to the front surface thereof, and a
ratio at which the light that contributes to the power generation in the
solar cell is taken in.

[0049] Also, the liquid crystal shutter panel 300 is configured so that a
liquid crystal layer 303 is disposed between two electrodes 301 and 302,
and a liquid crystal shutter is opened or closed by a voltage applied
between the electrodes 301 and 302.

[0050] Also, the illumination sensor 500 is formed of the CdS pyroelectric
element, and configured to detect an outside light. As illustrated in the
enlarged diagram of the main portion in FIG. 6, the illumination sensor
500 is fitted to any one of the notch parts 103 provided on the frame
part 102 of the surface-emitting module 100.

[0051] Further, the storage battery 400 is provided to accumulate the
electromotive force of the solar cell 200, and feed the electromotive
force to the surface-emitting module 100 as occasion demands. The organic
electroluminescence element can be downsized because of the power saving
property, and can be also applied to a downsized electronic device such
as a cellular phone.

[0052] Also, the control unit 600 is equipped with a system LSI configured
to control the power supply to the organic electroluminescence element in
the surface-emitting module 100, and control blinking on the basis of an
output of the illumination sensor 500, with the storage battery 400 as a
power supply. The control unit 600 is connected to the illumination
sensor 500, the storage battery 400, the liquid crystal shutter panel
300, the surface-emitting module 100, and the solar cell 200, and
controls the drive of the units. In this example, in the daytime, the
control unit 600 controls the organic electroluminescence element to turn
off the light, and the electromotive force generated by the solar cell
200 to be led to the storage battery 400 for charging. At night, the
control unit 600 controls the organic electroluminescence element to turn
on the light. The control unit 600 not only controls the on/off operation
of the organic electroluminescence element and the liquid crystal shutter
panel 300, but also controls the applied voltage to the organic
electroluminescence element and the liquid crystal shutter panel 300 so
as to control the luminance according to the brightness. Also, a timer
function is added to a feeding part that feeds the electric power to the
organic electroluminescence element whereby energy saving can be also
realized by dimming the light at midnight. Also, when the organic
electroluminescence element emits the light, the light is slightly leaked
to the solar cell. The electromotive force is slightly generated even by
this light to enable the power generation.

[0053] Also, the storage battery 400 and the control unit 600 are stored
in the frame part 102. However, when the storage battery 400 and the
control unit 600 cannot be stored therein, those units may be stored
within the pole.

[0054] Although being not shown, it is desirable that the outside of the
illuminating apparatus is coated with an outer cover. With this
configuration, the outer cover is made of glass or a high-strength resin
such as a polycarbonate resin or acrylic resin, which protects the
built-in parts from an external impact and has the translucency. A
surface of the outer cover is coated with a photocatalytic membrane to
enable the prevention of contamination. If an anti-insect coating called
"Insect Veil coating" is used together, insects can be prevented from
getting near the illuminating apparatus to look unsightly. Also, a
mounting hole may be formed in the outer cover so that the outer cover
can be fitted to an outer wall surface.

[0055] Subsequently, the operation of the illuminating apparatus will be
described.

[0056] During the daytime, the liquid crystal shutter panel is driven
through the control unit 600 according to the luminance detected by the
illumination sensor 500. In this situation, the control unit applies no
voltage to the two electrodes of the liquid crystal shutter panel 300,
and the liquid crystal layer 303 is in a light transmitting state. As
illustrated in FIG. 3, the electric power is generated by the transparent
solar cell 200 with a sunlight L0, and the storage battery 400 is charged
by the electromotive force of the solar cell. Then, a part of the
sunlight L0 goes through the solar cell 200 and the liquid crystal
shutter panel 300, goes through the surface-emitting module, and falls
onto a person walking on a road. L1 is a transmitted light.

[0057] At night, a voltage is applied to the two electrodes of the liquid
crystal shutter panel 300 through the control unit 600 according to the
illumination detected by the illumination sensor 500, and the liquid
crystal layer 303 becomes in the light blocking state. As illustrated in
FIG. 4, in the surface-emitting module, a voltage is applied between the
electrodes by the control unit 600, and the light emitting layer emits a
light. In this situation, because the liquid crystal layer 303 of the
liquid crystal shutter panel 300 is in the light blocking state, the
light of the surface-emitting module that is the organic
electroluminescence element is blocked by the liquid crystal shutter
panel, and extracted to only a front surface side, and the light from the
organic electroluminescence element falls onto the person walking on the
road. L2 is a reflective light reflected by the liquid crystal panel, and
L3 is a direct light toward an irradiation direction.

[0058] With this configuration, there can be provided the self-emitting
illuminating apparatus that is downsized, thinned, excellent in the light
emitting efficiency, and few in erroneous lighting.

[0059] The surface-emitting module is configured by the organic
electroluminescence element in which the layer having a light emitting
function is held between the light-transmissive first and second
electrodes. Therefore, the power generation with a high efficiency can be
realized while the attenuation of the amount of light into the solar cell
on the back surface is suppressed.

[0060] Also, the illumination sensor is disposed on the notch part
disposed on the frame part of the light-emitting module. Therefore, the
light reflected by the front surface of the solar cell and the light of
the organic electroluminescence element per se that is the light emitting
element can be blocked, and only the outside light can be efficiently
detected without any disturbance.

[0061] Also, because the frame part is configured by a frame body of
aluminum cast, the notch part configures the light blocking surface, and
the light from the surface-emitting module can be surely blocked.

[0062] The frame part is not limited to aluminum, but may be made of
resin. If the frame part is not made of a light shielding material, a
light blocking film or a reflective film may be formed on the notch part.

[0063] Also, the self-emitting illuminating apparatus according to the
present invention has an air-tight case in which the vessel and the outer
cover are air-tightly sealed with a sealing resin. Therefore, there is
provided the illuminating apparatus high in durability even when the
illuminating apparatus is embedded in a ground surface or used outside.

[0064] In the above first embodiment, the surface-emitting module and the
solar cell may be supported within the vessel, or the surface-emitting
module 100, the liquid crystal shutter panel 300, and the solar cell 200
may be bonded together with a light-transmissive adhesive resin.

[0065] The illumination sensor can be applied with various photosensors
such as a silicon photodiode, a phototransistor, or a GaAsP photodiode in
addition to the above CdS pyroelectric element, according to the usage
environmental conditions. Those photodiodes can be employed to measure
the illuminance.

[0066] The illumination sensor may be integrated with a process circuit
using a thin film transistor by forming a sensor unit using an amorphous
silicon thin film on a substrate on which the organic electroluminescence
element is formed.

[0067] Also in the above embodiment, the organic electroluminescence
element formed on the glass substrate through an evaporation method is
described. However, without limited to this configuration, as the
substrate, there can be used a resin substrate such as a polymer film
made of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate,
polymethylmethacrylate, polyethersulfone, polyvinyl fluoride,
polypropylene, polyethylene, polyacrylate, amorphous polyolefin, or
fluorine resin. Also, a flexible resin substrate may be used.

[0068] Furthermore, with the use of a polymer light-emitting material, a
layer having the light emitting function can be formed on the resin
substrate through a printing method. As the polymer light emitting
material, there can be applied various organic compounds such as
polyfluorene compound, polystyrene compound, polycarbonate compound, or
acrylic compound. Also, various buffer layers can be interposed between
the electrode and the layer having the light emitting function as
occasion demands.

[0069] The entire process can be realized through the printing method
depending on material selection.

Second Embodiment

[0070] The above first embodiment is of a street light structure in which
the illuminating apparatus 1 is fitted to the pole 2. However, as
illustrated in FIG. 8, the illuminating apparatus may be configured as a
top light in a roof light window for lighting. In this case, as
illustrated in a cross-sectional illustrative view of FIG. 9, a
reflective plate 800 is detachably inserted between the surface-emitting
module 100 and the solar cell 200. The reflective plate 800 is attached
or detached according to the detection by the luminance sensor fitted
onto the frame part 102 surrounding the light emitting unit 101 so that
the light blocking state and the light transmitting state can be created
as in the above first embodiment.

[0071] The other parts are identical with those in the above first
embodiment, and therefore their description will be omitted. For example,
both of the solar cell 200 and the surface-emitting module 100 are formed
in the same manner as the apparatus structure described with reference to
FIG. 7.

[0072] Also, the operation is also identical with that in the first
embodiment.

[0073] The self-emitting illuminating apparatus that is switchable by the
illumination sensor may be configured. Also, the reflective plate 800 can
be detachably attached through a remote control in the same manner as
open/close of a window. The control unit and the illumination sensor may
be fitted onto a ceiling or a wall, separately.

[0074] Alternatively, the reflective plate 800 may be made of a material
that is switchable between the translucency and the reflectivity
according to the applied voltage such as the liquid crystal shutter panel
described in the first embodiment. As a result, the switching operation
can be controlled by not the mechanical attachment or detachment, but the
application of voltage.

Third Embodiment

[0075] Also, in the second embodiment, the reflective plate as the
switching board is detachably inserted between the surface-emitting
module 100 and the solar cell 200. Alternatively, a reflective surface
may be formed on a back surface side of the solar cell. That is, as
illustrated in FIG. 10, a switching board 900 such as an aluminum plate
may be disposed on the back surface side of the solar cell 200. In this
case, the switching board 900 can be opened and closed in a direction
indicated by an arrow A by a hinge so as to switch between the
translucency and the non-translucency.

[0076] In the above first and second embodiments, the solar cell and the
electroluminescence element are bonded together through an adhesive or
directly. Alternatively, the light-transmissive fourth electrode, the
polycrystalline silicon layer, the light-transmissive third electrode,
and the antireflective film are laminated on the support substrate to
form the solar cell. Thereafter, liquid crystal is formed on an upper
layer of the lamination, and an upper layer of the liquid crystal is
sequentially coated with the light-transmissive second electrode, the
light emitting function layer, and the light-transmissive first
electrode. As a result, the solar cell, the liquid crystal shutter panel,
and the electroluminescence element may be sequentially laminated on the
same substrate to form a laminated structure.

[0077] That is, the solar cell and the electroluminescence element are
integrated together to form the laminated structure. With this structure,
the illuminating apparatus can be further thinned.

[0078] Also, in this embodiment, the organic electroluminescence element
is used as the surface-emitting module. Alternatively, an inorganic
electroluminescence element may be used.