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Antiretroviral postexposure prophylaxis after sexual, injection-drug use, or other nonoccupational exposure to HIV in the United States; recommendations from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

The most effective means of preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is preventing exposure. The provision of antiretroviral drugs to prevent HIV infection after unanticipated sexual or injection-drug--use exposure might be beneficial. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Working Group on Nonoccupational Postexposure Prophylaxis (nPEP) made the following recommendations for the United States. For persons seeking care < or =72 hours after nonoccupational exposure to blood, genital secretions, or other potentially infectious body fluids of a person known to be HIV infected, when that exposure represents a substantial risk for transmission, a 28-day course of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is recommended. Antiretroviral medications should be initiated as soon as possible after exposure. For persons seeking care < or =72 hours after nonoccupational exposure to blood, genital secretions, or other potentially infectious body fluids of a person of unknown HIV status, when such exposure would represent a substantial risk for transmission if the source were HIV infected, no recommendations are made for the use of nPEP. Clinicians should evaluate risks and benefits of nPEP on a case-by-case basis. For persons with exposure histories that represent no substantial risk for HIV transmission or who seek care >72 hours after exposure, DHHS does not recommend the use of nPEP. Clinicians might consider prescribing nPEP for exposures conferring a serious risk for transmission, even if the person seeks care >72 hours after exposure if, in their judgment, the diminished potential benefit of nPEP outweighs the risks for transmission and adverse events. For all exposures, other health risks resulting from the exposure should be considered and prophylaxis administered when indicated. Risk-reduction counseling and indicated intervention services should be provided to reduce the risk for recurrent exposures.

These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were updated by CDC after consultation with a group of professionals knowledgeable in the field of STDs who met in Atlanta on April 18 30, ...

The most effective methods for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are those that protect against exposure to HIV. Preventive behaviors include sexual abstinence, sex only with an uninfected partner, consistent and correct condom ...

Best practices for integrating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and antiretroviral interventions for prevention and treatment are suggested based on research evidence and existing normative guidance. The goal is to provide high-impact preve...

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); United States. Health Resources and Services Administration.; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); American Academy of HIV Medicine.; Association of Nurses in AIDS Care.; International Association of Providers of AIDS Care.; National Minority AIDS Council.; Urban Coalition for HIV/AIDS Prevention Services.; National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention (U.S.). Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.;

Published:

December 11, 2014 (amended December 30, 2016)

Description:

The December 11, 2014, version of Recommendations for HIV Prevention with Adults and Adolescents with HIV in the United States, 2014, and its companion summaries have been amended in December 2016 to correct errata, outdated or broken hyperlinks, and...

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); PHS Working Group on Occupational Postexposure Prophylaxis.; National Center for Infectious Diseases (U.S.). Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion.; National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention (U.S.). Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention.; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations, and Field Studies.;

This report updates U.S. Public Health Service recommendations for the management of health-care personnel (HCP) who have occupational exposure to blood and other body fluids that might contain human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Although the princip...