0. DOCID:3568 SCORE: 0.0046872465078062DOCNO: 779490OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: analysisQUALIFIER: analysisQUALIFIER: pathologyAUTHOR: G Gabbiani GAUTHOR: J Csank-Brassert JAUTHOR: J C Schneeberger JCAUTHOR: Y Kapanci YAUTHOR: P Trenchev PAUTHOR: E J Holborow EJPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: The American journal of pathology. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Contractile proteins in human cancer cells. Immunofluorescent and electron microscopic study.PUBDATE: 19760601
The presence of contractile proteins in human cancer cells has been studied by means of: a) immunofluorescent staining using specific antibodies, and b) electron microscopy in order to detect the presence of cytoplasmic filaments. The tissues examined were: normal human skin, basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinomas (of skin, oral cavity, and larynx), normal nonlactating mammary gland, and infiltrating mammary carcinoma with or without fibrosis. Normal tissues were negative after immunnoflurosescent staining of contractile proteins and contained no or minimal amounts of microfilaments as judged by electron microscopy. Tumor cells were strongly positive after immunoflouorescent staining for actin, myosin, light and heavy meromyosin but were negative for tropomyosin. Moreover, they contained prominent microfilaments (40 to 80 A in diameter) with some filaments (100 to 120 A in diameter) scattered in between. It appears that malignant cells contain an increased amount of contractile proteins, organized in the form of a filamentous apparatus, when compared to their normal counterparts. The study of the presence of contractile proteins in tumor cells may be of potential importance in evaluating malignant growth.

1. DOCID:2538 SCORE: 0.00425434757170333DOCNO: 872120OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: pathologyQUALIFIER: pathologyPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Cancer research. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Surveillance, initial assessment, and subsequent progress of patients with superficial bladder cancer in a prospective longitudinal study. National Bladder Cancer Collaborative Group A (NBCCGA).PUBDATE: 19770801
Through a bladder cancer surveillance protocol, a sizable population of patients suitable for characterizing the dynamics and patterns of recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma has been identified. One hundred thirty-three patients have been followed after their first occurrence of transitional cell carcinoma (Stage O or A). Only patients whose tumors were considered to be completely removed by transurethral resection and who were not treated by any other means were included. Although a full year of follow-up is not yet complete, recurrent bladder carcinoma has been noted in 44 (33%). Most of these recurrences were identified at the first follow-up cystoscopy and the majority were present at the site of the initial lesion. Tumor size, grade, and stage did not appear to influence recurrence, whereas multiplicity did. The relevance of these findings to various theories about the mechanism of recurrence is discussed.

2. DOCID:3267 SCORE: 0.00395667081055273DOCNO: 1088828OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: complicationsQUALIFIER: complicationsQUALIFIER: complicationsQUALIFIER: complicationsAUTHOR: S Feldman SAUTHOR: W T Hughes WTAUTHOR: C B Daniel CBPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Pediatrics. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Varicella in children with cancer: Seventy-seven cases.PUBDATE: 19750901
The purpose of this study was to characterize varicella in childhood cancer patients. Seventeen of the 77 patients reviewed were in remission and off all therapy for 3 to 22 months. No one in this group died from varicella or had evidence of visceral dissemination. Among the remaining 60 patients, all of whom were receiving anticancer theapy when they developed varicella, 19 (32%) had visceral dissemination and 4 died, for a mortality rate of 7%. Each of the deaths was associated with primary varicella pneumonitis, with or without acute encephalitis. Visceral dissemination was not related to type or status of malignancy or to duration of specific anticancer therapy. Varicella was more likely to disseminate in children with absolute lymphopenia, less than 500 cells per cubic millimeter, than in patients with higher lymphocyte counts. Cessation of anticancer theapy prior to the onset of lesions appeared to lessen the risk of dissemination. These results show that varicella is more severe in cancer patients on therapy than the general population or in patients who have completed therapy, but is not highly fatal.

3. DOCID:3708 SCORE: 0.0037210857240662DOCNO: 1009004OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: MitosisQUALIFIER: physiopathologyAUTHOR: S Gelfant SPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: The British journal of dermatology. COUNTRY: ENGLANDTITLE: The cell cycle in psoriasis: a reappraisal.PUBDATE: 19761201
The current belief that the clinical manifestations of psoriasis (excessive scaling) are due to a twelve-fold speeding up or shortening of the cell division cycle time of the germinative cells in psoriatic epidermis (from 457 to 37-5 h) is shown to be incorrect. A new concept is introduced--that the germinative layer in human epidermis is composed of not one, but three separate and distinct populations of epidermal cells. First, there are cycling cells which are actively moving through the cell cycle. Then there are two categories of non-cycling cells (blocked in the G1 or the G2 periods of the cell cycle) which are capable of moving into the proliferative pool upon specific stimulation. Thus, increased epidermal cell proliferation in active lesions of psoriasis would be brought about mainly by a recruitment or a relase of the two categories of non-cycling cells. The idea that germinative epidermal cells are primarily non-cycling, leads to the suggestion of focusing attention on non-cycling cells (rather than on cycling cells) for the control and treatment of psoriasis. It might be worthwhile considering treating psoriatic patients during periods of clinical remission--with factors to keep the germinative cells in the non-cycling state--rather than during psoriatic flare up--with cancer chemotherapy drugs.

4. DOCID:2647 SCORE: 0.00362969414450895DOCNO: 805659OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: analysisQUALIFIER: immunologyQUALIFIER: immunologyQUALIFIER: immunologyAUTHOR: J R van Nagell JRAUTHOR: Q A Pletsch QAAUTHOR: D M Goldenberg DMPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Cancer research. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: A study of cyst fluid and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with cystic ovarian neoplasms.PUBDATE: 19750601
Cyst fluid and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured in 11 patients with ovarian cyst-adenocarcinoma and in 16 patients with benign ovarian neoplasms. In patients with ovarian cancer, plasma CEA levels were not elevated above 2.5 ng/ml unless cyst fluid CEA levels were 4 to 16 mu-g/ml. In this series, cystic and plasma CEA levels were elevated most consistently in patients with mucinous ovarian tumors. Furthermore, on the basis of molecular size and immunoreactivity by immunodiffusion, ovarian cancer cyst fluid CEA and colonic cancer CEA had similar immunochemical properties. Consistent with the findings in other neoplasms, follow-up studies showed that plasma CEA levels returned to the normal range between 2 and 12 weeks after surgical excision of the ovarian tumor. It is concluded that plasma CEA is of value in the management of patients with ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.

5. DOCID:3947 SCORE: 0.0035960717349494DOCNO: 1276626OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: therapyAUTHOR: T Kuipers TPUBTYPE: Clinical TrialPUBTYPE: Journal ArticlePUBTYPE: Randomized Controlled TrialJOURNALTITLE: The British journal of radiology. COUNTRY: ENGLANDTITLE: Report on treatment of cancer of the ovary.PUBDATE: 19760601
A malignant ovarian tumour has been diagnosed in 373 patients referred to the R.R.T.I. from January 1966 to Jun 1972. Serious ovarian carcinoma was the commonest type and occurred in 254 patients. The results in these patients are studied in detail after staging according to F.I.G.O. recommendations. Following surgery and postoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy was started immediately in all patients with progressive disease and after randomization also in 50 per cent of the others. The three-year survival rate in Stage II patients tended to be more favourable following irridation ofthe pelvis and lumboaortic nodes (55 per cent ) than following radiotherapy restricted to the pelvic area (40 per cent). The dose should be 5-6 krad. The five-year survival was 68 per cent for Stage I, 26 per cent for Stage II and nearly zero for Stages III and IV, as well as for patients referred for treatment of a recurrence. In spite of whole-abdomen irradiation 50 per cent of the patients in the latter three groups were deceased within eight months; therefore chemotherapy should be preferred. The main problem in ovarian cancer is late diagnosis. Evaluation of results is difficult because numerous variable factors concerning pathology and treatment make it necessary to sub-divide the patients into groups too small for statistically reliable conclusions. Each treatment factor should be studied by a group of hospitals.

6. DOCID:2368 SCORE: 0.00346158089344262DOCNO: 1261087OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: biosynthesisQUALIFIER: immunologyQUALIFIER: biosynthesisQUALIFIER: biosynthesisQUALIFIER: biosynthesisQUALIFIER: biosynthesisAUTHOR: D B McClelland DBAUTHOR: D J Shearman DJAUTHOR: R F Lai A Fat RFAUTHOR: R van Furth RPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Clinical and experimental immunology. COUNTRY: ENGLANDTITLE: In vitro synthesis of immunoglobulins, secretory component, complement and lysozyme by human gastrointestinal tissues. II. Pathological tissues.PUBDATE: 19760101
An in vitro culture technique has been used to study synthesis of proteins by biopsies of human gastrointestinal mucosa which were obtained at endoscopy or surgery from patients with biliary gastritis, atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. As in normal mucosa, immunoglobulin synthesis was found in all sites, but marked increases, especially in IgG, were seen in biliary gastritis and ulcerative colitis. In untreated coeliac disease, synthesis of IgG and IgM was increased. Synthesis of complement components did not differ from that found in normal mucosa. Increased lysozyme synthesis was seen in Crohn's disease. This study shows that useful information may be acquired from short-term culture studies of the small biopsies obtained with fibre optic endoscopes.

7. DOCID:3575 SCORE: 0.00338812434173169DOCNO: 72595OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: administration & dosageQUALIFIER: drug therapyAUTHOR: I H Krakoff IHAUTHOR: E Cvitkovic EAUTHOR: V Currie VAUTHOR: S Yeh SAUTHOR: C LaMonte CPUBTYPE: Clinical TrialPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Cancer. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Clinical pharmacologic and therapeutic studies of bleomycin given by continuous infusion.PUBDATE: 19771101
The clinical toxicology, clinical pharmacology, and therapeutic effects of bleomycin given by continuous intravenous infusion were studied in patients with far-advanced unresectable cancer. The toxicity of bleomycin given by that schedule was qualitatively and quantitatively the same as when it was given by daily intravenous "push"; mucocutaneous toxicity occurred regularly after 7-11 days of infusion. Careful monitoring of pulmonary function revealed minor changes in Total Lung Capacity and Pulmonary Diffusion Capacity in nearly all patients; however, overt pulmonary toxicity occurred in only six patients (5%). 111Indium-labeled bleomycin was used to follow blood levels of bleomycin; it correlated well with the levels determined by microbiologic assay and could be measured at levels lower than could be determined by bioassay. Useful therapeutic responses were seen in a variety of tumors; 30% patients with very far-advanced carcinoma of the cervix demonstrated CR or PR, an incidence higher than has been seen with other regimens. Sixty-nine percent of patients with disseminated germ cell neoplasms of the testis, refractory to bleomycin given by conventional dose schedules, have attained partial remission through the continuous infusion of bleomycin.

8. DOCID:3775 SCORE: 0.00329904688442245DOCNO: 163324OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: analysisQUALIFIER: immunologyQUALIFIER: immunologyAUTHOR: F Hilgers FAUTHOR: A G Dean AGAUTHOR: G de-Thé GPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Elevated immunofluorescence antibody titers to several herpesviruses in Burkitt's lymphoma patients: are high titers unique?PUBDATE: 19750101
Antibody titers for viral capsid antigens of all four human herpesviruses were measured by immunofluorescence in the sera of 16 Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) PATIENTS, 16 AGE-, SEX-, AND LOCALITY-MATCHED CONTROLS, AND 136 FAMILY MEMBERS FROM THE West Nile District of Uganda. Among family members, titers greater than 1:4 were found in 98% for herpes simplex virus (HSV), 86% for varicella-zoster virus (VZV), 100% FOR CYTOMEGALOVIRUS (CMV), AND 94% FOR Epstein-Barr (EBV). Titers in patients averaged approximately equal to 2 logs (fourfold) higher than those in matched controls for EBV, VZV, and CMV (P EQUALS 0.001); titers for HSV were only slightly higher in cancer patients. The mothers of patients had someuhat higher EBV titers (0.05 smaller than or equal to P SMALLER THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.01) than the mothers of controls, but no other differences between patient and control families were found. By immunofluorescence, a method which apparently has not been used for all four human herpesviruses in BL patients, the patients had elevated antibody titers not only to EBV but also to CMV and VZV. The elevated titers to three of the four human herpesviruses were not due to serologic cross reactions.

9. DOCID:3313 SCORE: 0.00327332404946926DOCNO: 1244508OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: ChristianityDESCRIPTOR: ReligionQUALIFIER: epidemiologyAUTHOR: J L Lyon JLAUTHOR: M R Klauber MRAUTHOR: J W Gardner JWAUTHOR: C R Smart CRPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: The New England journal of medicine. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Cancer incidence in Mormons and non-Mormons in Utah, 1966-1970.PUBDATE: 19760101
Between 1950 and 1969 cancer mortality in white Utah residents was 22 per cent less than that in the entire United States population. The religion of 72 per cent of the State residents (Mormon) proscribes use of tobacco and alcohol. We therefore analyzed the 10,641 cases of cancer identified in Utah from 1966 to 1970 and compared the incidence found in Utah Mormons, in Utah non-Mormons, and in a national survey. Comparison of Utah Mormons with non-Mormons showed that Mormons had a lower incidence of all cancers associated with cigarette smoking (P less than 0.00001). Mormon females had a low incidence of cancer of the breast (P = 0.008), uterine cervix (P less than 0.00001), and ovary (P = 0.04); Mormon males had a lower incidence of stomach cancers (P = 0.003). These findings addevidence to the association between cigarette smoking and certain cancers, but leave unexplained the significant differences between Mormons and non-Mormons for incidence of cancer of the breast, cervix, prostate and nervous system.

11. DOCID:2640 SCORE: 0.00312431710295514DOCNO: 1254908OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: cytologyAUTHOR: R C Wolley RCAUTHOR: H M Dembitzer HMAUTHOR: F Herz FAUTHOR: K Schreiber KAUTHOR: L G Koss LGPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: The use of a slide spinner in the analysis of cell dispersion.PUBDATE: 19760101
A simple and reliable method of determining the degree of dispersion of a cell suspension has been developed using the Perkin-Elmer Uni-Smear Spinner. Optimum conditions regarding rate and duration of spin, etc., were first ascertained using dispersed cell cultures including human cervical cancer cells as well as gynecologic samples. After spinning, single cells in suspension appeared as isolated cells on the slides. Cell aggregates, on the other hand, remained together. Therefore, the distribution of cells in various sized aggregates could be easily quantitated and the slides retained for future review. This method was used to evaluate the dispersing effects of trypsin, ethylenediaminetetraacetate and and syringing human on human gynecology samples obtained by routine cervical scrapes. None of the dispersion methods has, so far, produced an adequate monodispersed cell suspension without unacceptable cell loss.

12. DOCID:2459 SCORE: 0.00309373318213375DOCNO: 880543OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: Mass ScreeningQUALIFIER: prevention & controlAUTHOR: A H Letton AHAUTHOR: J P Wilson JPAUTHOR: E M Mason EMPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Cancer. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: The value of breast screening in women less than fifty years of age.PUBDATE: 19770701
In the four years our Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project has been receiving patients, 5,810 women under the age of fifty have been examined. Our findings definitely indicate screening of asymptomatic women by xeromammography is of advantage in this group whose greatest cause of death is cancer of the breast; 71.8% of their cancers were found by xeromammography. Of these 43.8% had in situ cancer and only 12.5% of those cancers found had axillary spread. This group should have a five-year cure rate of 87.1% rather than 63% as is the experience of unscreened women. The absorbed rads averaged 0.4632 to each breast per year. At the end of five years this would cause an estimated increase in risk from 7% to 7.162%. To increase survival rate by 24.1% against a theoretical increased risk of 0.16% is definitely worthwhile.

13. DOCID:2163 SCORE: 0.00308096772425346DOCNO: 1104900OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: therapeutic useQUALIFIER: therapeutic useQUALIFIER: drug therapyAUTHOR: W W Scott WWAUTHOR: D E Johnson DEAUTHOR: J E Schmidt JEAUTHOR: R P Gibbons RPAUTHOR: G R Prout GRAUTHOR: J R Joiner JRAUTHOR: J Saroff JAUTHOR: G P Murphy GPPUBTYPE: Clinical TrialPUBTYPE: Journal ArticlePUBTYPE: Randomized Controlled TrialJOURNALTITLE: The Journal of urology. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Chemotherapy of advanced prostatic carcinoma with cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil: results of first national randomized study.PUBDATE: 19751201
The National Prostatic Cancer Project has randomized this study for endocrine-resistant prostatic cancer patients for treatment with standard hormonal or other therapies compared to 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide. Both agents were found at the probability level of 0.05 to have a significant advantage over standard treatment in terms of objective response, subjective improvement and minimal toxicity. Additional chemotherapy protocols are currently under way. This randomized trial is the first report of such a national study completed to date. We are much encouraged by this program and believe that additional agents now under consideration will provide additionally encouraging results.

14. DOCID:2959 SCORE: 0.00300816457280887DOCNO: 879100OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: bloodQUALIFIER: analysisQUALIFIER: bloodAUTHOR: R Losito RAUTHOR: P Beaudry PAUTHOR: J C Valderrama JCAUTHOR: L Cousineau LAUTHOR: B Longpré BPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: American journal of clinical pathology. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Antithrombin III and Factor VIII in patients with neoplasms.PUBDATE: 19770801
Possible increased activation of the coagulation pathway was measured in a group of patients with neoplastic diseases. In addition to standard tests, the thromboplastin generation test, thrombin generation test and immunologic and coagulant activities of both Factor VIII and antithrombin III were utilized in the evaluation. The correlation between immuno-Factor VIII (VIII-Ag) and its clotting activity (VIII-C1) was good (r = 0.83). In contrast, this was not the situation for antithrombin III-Ag and its clotting activity. Thromboplastin generation was accelerated in 60% and thrombin generation was accelerated in 40% of the patients. Fibrinogen was elevated in half the cases: in most of these patients, thrombin times were slightly prolonged. These results indicate that some patients who have cancer have abnormal clotting patterns and are often in a potentially hypercoagulable state that is reflected by the thromboplastin generation test, thrombin generation test, and high levels of Factor VIII (both VIII-Ag and VIII-C1).