Mount St. Helens eruption: Never-before-published photos

Peggy Short-Nottage photographed Mount St. Helens volcanic activity from an airplane with her husband in 1980, before and after the volcano's large eruption that May. Recently, a family friend discovered her film slides and returned them to her.
Molly J. Smith / Statesman Journal

Mushroom-shaped clouds of ash from subsequent eruptions are captured in photographs taken at sunset from the cockpit of a Cessna 150.(Photo: Courtesy of Peggy Short-Nottage)

Peggy Short-Nottage and her husband joined sightseers rushing to Mount St. Helens when volcanic activity escalated in the spring of 1980.

Instead of hopping in a car and making the drive to Southwestern Washington, they hopped in a plane.

From the cockpit of their Cessna 150, some 10,000 feet in the air, Short-Nottage documented the mountain’s transformation before and after its catastrophic May 18 eruption with an Olympus OM-2 camera and a telephoto lens.

Images of a snow-covered conical peak, mushroom-shaped clouds of ash, and a flattened forest are among a collection of never-before-published aerial photographs.

The rare images, shot in color slide film and preserved in 2-inch-square cardboard frames arranged in a carousel tray, were put away and forgotten, later presumed lost.

A friend of Short-Nottage's family recently rediscovered the slides, and she is graciously sharing them in advance of the 38th anniversary of the deadliest volcanic eruption in U.S. history.

Fifty-seven people, nearly 7,000 big game animals such as deer and elk, and countless fish and birds died that unforgettable Sunday morning.

The eruption scattered ash across a dozen states, and the lateral blast acted like a giant Etch A Sketch, wiping away the landscape within minutes. The debris avalanche, mudflows, and flooding caused destruction and damage in a 230-square-mile area.

In Short-Nottage's collection of 34 slides, the devastation is juxtaposed with breathtaking beauty.

'It looked like Mars'

The volcanic activity at Mount St. Helens, which picked up steam two months before the big blast, was alluring to Lyle Baker.

He studied geology in college and although he wound up taking a different professional path, he never lost interest in the natural processes that change Earth’s structure.

"The whole Mount St. Helens thing was like a dream come true, other than the 57 people who died," said Baker, who lives in West Salem with his wife Susan.

He was mesmerized when shown aerial images of the mountain all those years ago by Tom Bockelman, Short-Nottage's father who worked as a commercial and portrait photographer in Salem.

"It just happened that they caught the mountain during an eruption at sunset," Baker said. "You had all these colors of ash from the sun. A couple of pictures looked like they've been edited, almost like they're not real. It looked like Mars."

He asked for copies of the slides, and Bockelman obliged. Baker was blindsided a few years later when one of Bockelman's daughters contacted him and said their dad wanted the slides back. Bockelman may have mistakenly handed over the originals.

As the years passed, he forgot about the slides, presuming they were lost forever.

During a recent move, though, his wife was going through boxes of family keepsakes when she came across a carousel tray of color slides.

No lightbox or loupe was needed because she knew right away what they were — the missing photographs of Mount St. Helens. Plus, the box was labeled.

The family business

To be honest, Short-Nottage assumed they were packed away with all the other slides and prints collected through the family business over five decades. She has stacks and stacks stored in every cabinet and closet in her Colton home.

Her father opened a portrait studio in Mount Angel in 1952, moving the business to Salem six years later. Mr. B Photography was located at the family's residence on Marion Street NE. The studio was in the living room, where Bockelman utilized natural daylight in his work.

Tom Bockelman's name, or that of the business, shows up hundreds of times in the Statesman Journal archives, often among the credits of wedding announcement portraits.

Two of his daughters, including Short-Nottage, helped grow the business through the 1980s and 1990s.

Bockelman went up in the plane at least once with his daughter and her husband, Allen Short, to get a bird's eye view of Mount St. Helens. Short-Nottage said it was snug in the two-seater, but there was room for a passenger behind the seats.

Her dad took his camera, too.

Short-Nottage believes these photographs are hers, though, because of the format used.

Mount St. Helens had a conical peak, as seen in this photograph shot sometime in the spring of 1980 from a Cessna 150, until the May 18 eruption blew 1,300 feet from its top and left behind a horseshoe-shaped crater. Courtesy of Peggy Short-Nottage

Ash billows from the peak of Mount St. Helens in this photograph shot from the cockpit of a Cessna 150. An aircraft can be seen in the distance near the left side of the mountain. Courtesy of Peggy Short-Nottage

Sunset adds color to the ash billowing from the horseshoe-shaped crater of Mount St. Helens during one of the subsequent eruptions, shot from the cockpit of a Cessna 150. Courtesy of Peggy Short-Nottage

Mushroom-shaped clouds of ash from subsequent eruptions are captured in photographs taken at sunset from the cockpit of a Cessna 150. The wing of the aircraft can be seen in the upper portion of the photo. Courtesy of Peggy Short-Nottage

A glimpse of the devastation around Mount St. Helens shot from the cockpit of a Cessna 150. A lateral blast ofrock, ash, and hot gases devastated a 230-square-mile area. Courtesy of Peggy Short-Nottage

The May 18, 1908 eruption of Mount St. Helens leaves a barren wasteland in a direct blast zone that covers 230 square miles. This photo was taken sometime in the aftermath from the cockpit of a Cessna 150. Courtesy of Peggy Short-Nottage

An up-close view of the ash-laden landscape from the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, shot from the cockpit of a Cessna 150. The ash scattered across a dozen states. Courtesy of Peggy Short-Nottage

The eruption of Mount St. Helens wipes out the landscape in the immediate area and causes destruction and damage for 230 square miles as seen in this photo taken from the cockpit of a Cessna 150. Courtesy of Peggy Short-Nottage

Nearly 7,000 big game animals such as deer, elk and bear were killed in the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. A photo taken from the cockpit of a Cessna 150 captures some of the survivors. Courtesy of Peggy Short-Nottage

The popularity of Kodachrome slide film had faded by the 1980s, but it remained a film of choice for professional shooters and serious amateurs.

She doesn't remember her father ever using slide film. He preferred to use split 35mm in a half-frame camera, which split exposures in half and allowed users to take twice as many photos with one roll.

They did not go up the day the big blast decapitated the mountain, she’s sure of that. Like many, she remembers where she was at 8:32 a.m. on May 18, 1980.

They were at home when they heard a loud boom and ran outside to see what was blowing up. A couple blocks away, standing on the railroad tracks in Gervais, they had a clear view of Mount St. Helens erupting in the distance.

Volcanic activity continued on the mountain for months, and subsequent eruptions were just as violent though not as deadly or destructive.

Significant eruptions reportedly sent ash to distant communities May 25, June 12, July 22, Aug. 7, and Oct. 16-18.

Allen Short died in a plane crash July 29, 1980, in British Columbia, narrowing the window of when these aerial photos were shot.

Avoiding the ash

An picturesque view of clouds of ash oozing from the horseshoe-shaped crater of Mount St. Helens, shot around sunset from the cockpit of a Cessna 150.(Photo: Courtesy of Peggy Short-Nottage)

Most of the time they had the airspace to themselves, although one day there were a half-dozen other planes with the same idea. Two of the photographs in the collection show a single plane off in the distance.

"We were kind of surprised because we thought it would be kind of jammed," Short-Nottage said.

The Federal Aviation Administration established a 5-mile restricted zone around the mountain, although a spokesman for the Northwest Mountain Region was unable to provide any details as to when and how long it was enforced.

"I'm sorry to tell you that the FAA does not retain records that far back," spokesman Allen Kenitzer said in an email. "Further, anyone who might have been here at the time has long since retired."

The Associated Press reported restrictions remained in place until Nov. 1 that year, and that some pilots who violated restrictions had their licenses suspended.

The book "Mount St. Helens: The Eruption and Recovery of a Volcano" notes that 70 unauthorized planes violated airspace restrictions over the mountain on March 30 alone, citing the FAA as its source.

Short-Nottage can't imagine her husband not adhering to FAA regulations.

"Usually, Al followed the rules," she said. "You had to maintain a certain distance. You couldn't go where the ash was. You could only go on the clear side mountain.

"We were afraid of ash particles and what they might do to the engine."

“You had to maintain a certain distance. You couldn't go where the ash was. You could only go on the clear side mountain.”

Peggy Short-Nottage

If family or friends thought them crazy to stake out an active volcano, no one mentioned it. And she doesn't recall any white-knuckle moments.

"But I'm really comfortable flying," she said. "It was usually sunny when it blew, so the air was quite acceptable. It was occasionally turbulent, but I've been in more turbulence."

There was something profound about being at 10,000 feet in the air, above the clouds, alongside a mountain. The awesome view was worth every bit of turbulence.

"I don't think we hardly spoke because it was so amazing," Short-Nottage said.

"It was really amazing to see the transformation of the mountain and how far the ash went both in height and distance. It was unbelievable. It was so thick, at times it looked like it was standing still."

The trips ran together and didn't always lead to more photographs.

"Because it looked so much the same, we didn't always take a lot of pictures when we went," she said. "I wish I hadn't taken it for granted."

Mount St. Helens remains an active volcano today monitored by scientists from the United States Geological Survey for earthquakes, swelling and gas emissions.

Recovery around the mountain continues, with visitors from around the world flocking to three learning centers and a variety of recreational opportunities in the 110,000-acre area now designated as a National Volcanic Monument.

Lore spans generations

Last summer, after another anniversary passed, the Bakers were in the middle of a move from their residence in West Salem to Salemtowne when Susan found the slides.

They were hidden and protected all this time through moves to two houses and a storage unit.

Lyle Baker arranged to return them to the Bockelman family, but first he called his son, Wes, who is a photographer on the side.

"You won't believe what I've got," he said.

Wes Baker, who does landscape, portrait and wedding photography, was excited to see the images.

He was born more than a year after Mount St. Helens erupted but grew up understanding the lore and lure of the mountain.

"I hiked St. Helens the first time when I was 9 years old," he said. "It's a big part of my family. Dad always tells stories about how different it was before. I've been on the crater and hiking and backpacking around the mountain quite a few times."

Wes Baker shared digital images from the slides, with permission from the family. The slides are back in Short-Nottage's possession.

"I was thrilled to get them back when I realized I didn't have them," Short-Nottage said.

She examined her work, on 4x7 prints, during a recent visit to her home. Sometimes she needed a magnifying glass to make out details because her sight is failing.

Her favorite Mount St. Helens photo, to her disappointment, wasn't there. She remembers how the sky was so blue and the mountain and clouds of ash so orange, with a crescent moon above.

Which leads us to this kicker.

"I thought I had more than a single tray of mountain pictures," Short-Nottage said.

Stay tuned, until next anniversary.

“Forward This” appears Wednesdays and Sundays and highlights the people, places, and organizations of the Mid-Willamette Valley. Contact Capi Lynn at clynn@StatesmanJournal.com or 503-399-6710, or follow her the rest of the week on Twitter @CapiLynn and Facebook @CapiLynnSJ.

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Peggy Short-Nottage looks at slide film she took of Mount St. Helens during the spring of 1980. The slides were recently returned to Short-Nottage; it's believed her father, also a photographer, lent them to a friend many years ago. They were recently rediscovered during a move. MOLLY J. SMITH / Statesman Journal

A tray of slide film of Mount St. Helens volcanic activity was recently returned to photographer Peggy Short-Nottage, who took the images in the spring of 1980 as she and her husband Allen Short flew around the mountain. The slides were lent to a family friend of her father's many years ago and recently rediscovered during a move. MOLLY J. SMITH / Statesman Journal

Peggy Short-Nottage looks at photos of Mount St. Helens that she took in the spring of 1980. She and her late husband, Allen Short, went up in their Cessna 150 airplane several times for a better view of the mountain while it was erupting. MOLLY J. SMITH / Statesman Journal

Peggy Short-Nottage looks at a photo of Mount St. Helens that she took in 1980. She and her late husband, Allen Short, went up in his airplane several times for a better view of the mountain while it was erupting. MOLLY J. SMITH / Statesman Journal

Peggy Short-Nottage sits for a photo at her home in Colton on Tuesday, May 1, 2018. A tray of slide film that Short-Nottage took during the eruption of Mount St. Helens recent returned to her; she and her late husband Allen Short would fly from their home in Gervais to the mountain to view volcanic activity in the spring of 1980. MOLLY J. SMITH / Statesman Journal

Allen Short stands next to his Cessna 150 in this photo. In the spring of 1980, Short and his wife Peggy Short-Nottage made several trips to Mount St. Helens to observe and photograph volcanic activity. Short died in July 1980 in a plane crash in British Columbia. MOLLY J. SMITH / Statesman Journal

A tray of slide film of Mount St. Helens volcanic activity was recently returned to photographer Peggy Short-Nottage, who took the images in the spring of 1980 as she and her husband Allen Short flew around the mountain. The slides were lent to a family friend of her father's many years ago and recently rediscovered during a move. MOLLY J. SMITH / Statesman Journal

One of the slides Peggy Short-Nottage took of Mount St. Helens during its volcanic activity in the spring of 1980. She and her late husband, Allen Short, went up in his airplane several times for a better view of the mountain while it was erupting. They were not flying May 18, 1980, the day of the biggest eruption. MOLLY J. SMITH / Statesman Journal

Peggy Short-Nottage holds a tray of slide film she took of Mount St. Helens during the spring of 1980. The slides were recently returned to Short-Nottage; its believed her father, also a photographer, lent them to a friend many years ago. They were recently rediscovered during a move. MOLLY J. SMITH / Statesman Journal