Inflation – the demon of investment returns – is expected by many to increase in the coming months after a long period of calm.
Inflation is the upward movement of prices. When it's high, you need significantly more money to buy the same basket of goods than you did previously. Viewed from the other direction, inflation is the downward movement of the value of money.

Increasing inflation can play havoc with your investment portfolio and, in extreme cases, can make assets irrelevant by destroying economies. An extreme example is Zimbabwe, a country now using the U.S. dollar because in 2008, its own currency inflated 6.5 sextillion percent (a number with 21 zeroes).

Already, we have rising food and drug prices – but such essential items always go up faster than the overall rate of inflation. When the price of pretty much everything increases more rapidly than before, then you have rising inflation.

One reason some people expect inflation to increase is that the U.S. has been printing a lot of currency in recent years while the economy hasn't grown much, resulting in more dollars chasing the basically the same amount of goods and services. While some fixate on printing more currency as a sure sign that inflation will increase, a more balanced view holds that this factor alone doesn't necessarily mean an upswing.

A better reason to expect inflation to rise is that its ebb and flow is cyclical, and it has been historically low for years. Inflation tends to rise and fall with what's known as the business cycle – the economy's pattern of expanding with growth and then contracting toward recession. The business cycle has historically averaged about seven years.

Why should increasing inflation matter to investors? Because investing is all about getting returns that exceed inflation – and then some. If inflation weren't a factor, you could preserve capital in troubled markets by just keeping all of your money in your mattress.

But with increasing inflation widely forecast, investors face the challenge of fortifying their portfolios against it. Here are some strategies to consider:

Both of these investments protect returns from inflation, but it's important to remember that the government has an inherent conflict of interest: The higher the rate of inflation cited in government statistics, the higher rates it must pay on these investments. Remember that the actual inflation rate at any given time may be higher than Uncle Sam is telling us.

• Buying commodities. Natural resource commodities (metals, chemicals, timber, energy, coal) tend to rise in price at a rate similar to inflation because more dollars are chasing the same amount of resources. Commodities are highly accessible through exchange-traded funds (ETFs). But they can be a tricky investment because they require vigilant monitoring; you can't just buy them and sit back.

• Beware of long-term bonds – both corporate bonds and U.S. Treasuries. You don't want to be locked in at a rate of 2 percent when inflation rises and stays at 3 or 4 percent.

• Buying stocks – perhaps. Over periods of inflation, stocks can generally offset the ravages of inflation by going up in price along with everything else. However, the market outlook for the next few years portends low returns. After an increase in inflation, net returns might be even lower.

• Real estate. The cloud that's been hanging over real estate for the last few years has begun to clear. Prices have begun inching upward now that more foreclosed properties are being purchased. Mortgage interest rates remain historically low, promising to spur sales. This could increase demand and nudge prices upward.

No single defense against inflation will necessarily immunize your portfolio, but a combination of moves can make a difference.

Increasing inflation is like rain: It's going to happen – you just don't know when. When girding your portfolio against inflation damage, however, should be careful not to overdo it. This could mean missing out on gains you might otherwise take before inflation increases actually kick in. At the same time, you should remain flexible so you don't get caught in inflation's vice.

This work is the opinion of the columnist and in no way reflects the opinion of ABC News.

Ted Schwartz, a Certified Financial Planner®, is president and chief investment officer of Capstone Investment Financial Group. He advises individual investors and endowments, and serves as the advisor to CIFG UMA accounts. Because Schwartz has a background in psychology and counseling, he brings insights into personal motivation when advising clients on achieving their wealth management goals. Schwartz holds a B.A. from Duke University and an M.A. from Oregon State University. He can be reached at ted@capstoneinvest.com.