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Issues Addressed in This Talk How does the release of gravitational binding energy lead to ~ thermal radiation?How does the release of gravitational binding energy lead to ~ thermal radiation? Are thin disk (  -disk) models sufficient to explain observations? (yes and no)Are thin disk (  -disk) models sufficient to explain observations? (yes and no) How do lifting the simple assumptions of the  -disk model alter the spectra?How do lifting the simple assumptions of the  -disk model alter the spectra?

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Spectral States of BHBs Spectral states specified by relative contributions of thermal (disk) and non-thermal emission (corona)Spectral states specified by relative contributions of thermal (disk) and non-thermal emission (corona) High/Soft state is dominated by thermal disk-like componentHigh/Soft state is dominated by thermal disk-like component Done & Gierlinski 2004

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Dissipation Profile … but modified dissipation profile has limited affect on the spectrum.… but modified dissipation profile has limited affect on the spectrum. This particular annulus is very effectively optically thick and  * is close to surfaceThis particular annulus is very effectively optically thick and  * is close to surface Turner Profile SS73 Profile

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Dissipation Profile Consider same dissipation profile, but in an annulus that is not effectively optically thick.Consider same dissipation profile, but in an annulus that is not effectively optically thick. Spectrum with modified dissipation profile is effectively optically thick, but has a much greater surface temperatureSpectrum with modified dissipation profile is effectively optically thick, but has a much greater surface temperature Turner Profile SS73 Profile

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Dissipation Profile For this annulus, the spectra from the modified dissipation profile is considerably harderFor this annulus, the spectra from the modified dissipation profile is considerably harder This will exacerbate the discrepancy between observations and models unless disks stay optically thickThis will exacerbate the discrepancy between observations and models unless disks stay optically thick Turner Profile SS73 Profile