The main operation of BDRV is freight service south along the Delaware River from Phillipsburg to Carpentersville, a distance of 7 miles along the scenic Delaware River in New Jersey. Much of the industry is lumber, stone, chemicals and raw materials. Service is provided three days per week. Originally BDRV served the James River Paper plant in Milford, New Jersey, taking over the task from Conrail but that ended in July 2003 when the paper plant closed, the paper plant today is currently a SuperFund site. No train has been to Milford since early 2004 when the last train left with some of the remaining freight cars that were on the paper plant property. Freight service to Congregated Paper in nearby Riegelsville, Pennsylvania was also terminated in early 2004 when the firm switched from railroad to trucking for product shipment.

The Belvidere and Delaware River Railway connects with Norfolk Southern in Phillipsburg, which provides connections to the national rail network. Commercial agreements also provide a connection with the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPRS) at Allentown, Pennsylvania, the BDRV is a Norfolk Southern handling carrier, meaning Norfolk Southern haulage rates include delivery to BDRV customers by the BDRV.

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In 2004, the NYS&W Technical & Historical Society, in partnership with the BDRV began operating steam excursions between Phillipsburg and Carpentersville, and since 2016 to Riegelsville, Pennsylvania,[3] using former NYS&W #142. The #142 is an China Railways SY type 2-8-2 Mikado steam locomotive built by the Tangshan locomotive works in 1989 for the Valley Railroad in Essex, Connecticut as Valley #1647, and was sold to the NYS&W Railroad in 1992. The locomotive was renumbered 142, and operated mainline excursions on the NYS&W. The locomotive was brought out of storage by the BDRV for use on the excursions in 2004, the NYS&W Technical & Historical Society operates their trains under the banner name "Delaware River Railroad Excursions".[3]

Since around 2009 the NYS&W T&HS has been clearing the line south of Carpentersville of vegetation, eventually reaching Milford in late 2010. The line south of Carpentersville remains to this day out of service though track gangs frequent the southern portion on rail speeders, every year the borough of Milford has an event called "Milford Alive" which includes rail speeder rides on the defunct railroad line. There are plans to eventually return rail service to the Riegelsville area but not for Milford at this time.

1.
Reporting mark
–
A reporting mark is an alphabetic code of one to four letters used to identify owners or lessees of rolling stock and other equipment used on certain railroad networks. In North America the mark, which consists of an code of one to four letters, is stenciled on each piece of equipment. The Association of American Railroads assigns marks to all carriers, under authority granted by the U. S, surface Transportation Board, Transport Canada, and Mexican Government. Under current practice, the first letter must match the initial letter of the railroad name, as it also acts as a Standard Carrier Alpha Code, the reporting mark cannot conflict with codes in use by other nonrail carriers. In another example, the mark for state-funded Amtrak services in California is CDTX because the state transportation agency owns the equipment used in these services. This is why the reporting mark for CSX Transportation, which is a railroad, is CSXT instead of CSX. This often resulted in five-letter reporting marks, an option not otherwise allowed by the AAR, the standard ISO6346 covers identifiers for intermodal containers. When the owner of a mark is taken over by another company. For example, when the Union Pacific Railroad acquired the Chicago and North Western Railway in the 1990s, some companies own several marks that are used to identify different classes of cars, such as boxcars or gondolas. If the acquiring company discontinues the name or mark of the acquired company, occasionally, long-disused marks are suddenly revived by the companies which now own them. For example, in recent years, the Union Pacific Railroad has begun to use the mark CMO on newly built covered hoppers, gondolas, CMO originally belonged to a predecessor of the CNW, which passed it on to them, from which the UP inherited it. Some of these still retain their temporary NYC marks. Because of its size, this list has been split into subpages based on the first letter of the reporting mark, railinc, a subsidiary of the AAR, maintains the active reporting marks for the North American rail industry. Railinc offers a free online look-up of reporting marks and other industry reference files through the Railincs Freight Rail 411 website, a railway vehicle must be registered in a national vehicle register using a 12-digit number derived from the old UIC system of vehicle numbering. The number contains the country in the third and fourth digit. The VKM must not contain special signs or digits, the VKM is preceded by the code for the country, where the vehicle is registered and a hyphen. Some examples, When a vehicle is sold it does not normally be transferred to another register, the Czech railways bought large numbers of coaches from ÖBB. The number remained the same but the VKM changed from A-ÖBB to A-ČD, the UIC introduced a uniform numbering system for their members based on a 12-digit number, largely known as UIC number

2.
Hunterdon County, New Jersey
–
Hunterdon County is a county located in the western section of the U. S. state of New Jersey. As of the 2016 Census estimate, the population was 124,676, making it the states 18th-most populous county. The percentage increase in population between 2000 and 2010 was the largest in New Jersey, almost triple the increase of 4. 5%. It is part of the New York Metropolitan Area, the Bureau of Economic Analysis ranked the county as having the 19th-highest per capita income of all 3,113 counties in the United States as of 2009. It is part of the Newark-Union, NJ-PA Metropolitan Division of the New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, Hunterdon County was established on March 11,1714, separating from Burlington County, at which time it included all of present-day Morris, Sussex and Warren counties. The rolling hills and rich soils which produce agricultural crops drew Native American tribes. Hunterdon County is noted for having the second-lowest level of poverty of any county in the United States. Around 500 million years ago, a chain of volcanic islands shaped like an arch collided with proto North America, the rock from the islands created the highlands of Hunterdon County as there was a shallow sea where Hunterdon County is now located. Then around four hundred million B. C. a small continent that was long and thin and this collision created compression, which caused heat. The Paleozoic sediment of shale and sandstone folded and faulted, the heat allowed the igneous rock to bend, thus Hunterdon County was born. The African plate which later collided with North America created more folding and faulting, then the African and North America plates tore and drifted away from each other. The Wisconsin glacier that entered into New Jersey around 21,000 BCE, however, there are glacial outwash deposits from streams and rivers that flowed from the glacier southward depositing rock and sediment. Hunterdon County has two geophysical provinces, the first is the Highlands which is the western section of the county. The other is the Piedmont which is the eastern and southern section of the county, the Highlands account for one third of the area and the Piedmont accounts for two thirds of the county. The Highlands are part of the Reading Prong, limestone and shale over igneous rock comprise the Highlands. The Piedmont includes the Hunterdon Plateau and the Raritan Valley Lowlands which are 150 to 300 feet above sea level, the Piedmont is made up of shale and sandstone. Paleo Indians moved into Hunterdon County between 12,000 BCE and 11,000 BCE, the area was warming due to climate change. The Wisconsin Glacier in Warren and Sussex County was retreating northward, the area was that of Taiga/Boreal forests

3.
Track gauge
–
In rail transport, track gauge is the spacing of the rails on a railway track and is measured between the inner faces of the load-bearing rails. All vehicles on a network must have running gear that is compatible with the track gauge, as the dominant parameter determining interoperability, it is still frequently used as a descriptor of a route or network. There is a distinction between the gauge and actual gauge at some locality, due to divergence of track components from the nominal. Railway engineers use a device, like a caliper, to measure the actual gauge, the nominal track gauge is the distance between the inner faces of the rails. In current practice, it is specified at a distance below the rail head as the inner faces of the rail head are not necessarily vertical. In some cases in the earliest days of railways, the company saw itself as an infrastructure provider only. Colloquially the wagons might be referred to as four-foot gauge wagons, say and this nominal value does not equate to the flange spacing, as some freedom is allowed for. An infrastructure manager might specify new or replacement track components at a variation from the nominal gauge for pragmatic reasons. Track is defined in old Imperial units or in universally accepted metric units or SI units, Imperial units were established in United Kingdom by The Weights and Measures Act of 1824. In addition, there are constraints, such as the load-carrying capacity of axles. Narrow gauge railways usually cost less to build because they are lighter in construction, using smaller cars and locomotives, as well as smaller bridges, smaller tunnels. Narrow gauge is often used in mountainous terrain, where the savings in civil engineering work can be substantial. Broader gauge railways are generally expensive to build and require wider curves. There is no single perfect gauge, because different environments and economic considerations come into play, a narrow gauge is superior if ones main considerations are economy and tight curvature. For direct, unimpeded routes with high traffic, a broad gauge may be preferable, the Standard, Russian, and 46 gauges are designed to strike a reasonable balance between these factors. In addition to the general trade-off, another important factor is standardization, once a standard has been chosen, and equipment, infrastructure, and training calibrated to that standard, conversion becomes difficult and expensive. This also makes it easier to adopt an existing standard than to invent a new one and this is true of many technologies, including railroad gauges. The reduced cost, greater efficiency, and greater economic opportunity offered by the use of a common standard explains why a number of gauges predominate worldwide

4.
Standard gauge
–
The standard gauge is a widely used railway track gauge. Approximately 55% of the lines in the world are this gauge, all high-speed rail lines, except those in Russia, Uzbekistan, and Finland, are standard gauge. The distance between the edges of the rails is defined to be 1435 mm except in the United States. It is also called the UIC gauge or UIC track gauge, as railways developed and expanded, one of the key issues was the track gauge to be used. The result was the adoption throughout a large part of the world of a gauge of 1435 mm. In North East England, some lines in colliery areas were 4 ft 8 in. All these lines had been widened to standard gauge by 1846, parts of the United States, mainly in the Northeast, adopted the same gauge, because some early trains were purchased from Britain. However, until well into the half of the 19th century, Britain. The American gauges converged as the advantages of equipment interchange became increasingly apparent, notably, all the 5 ft broad gauge track in the South was converted to standard gauge over the course of two days beginning on 31 May 1886. See Track gauge in the United States, snopes categorized this legend as false, but commented that. It is perhaps more fairly labelled as True, but for trivial, the historical tendency to place the wheels of horse-drawn vehicles approximately 5 feet apart probably derives from the width needed to fit a carthorse in between the shafts. Others were 4 ft 4 in or 4 ft 7 1⁄2 in, the English railway pioneer George Stephenson spent much of his early engineering career working for the coal mines of County Durham. He favoured 4 ft 8 in for wagonways in Northumberland and Durham, the Hetton and Springwell wagonways also used this gauge. Stephensons Stockton and Darlington railway was primarily to transport coal from mines near Shildon to the port at Stockton-on-Tees. The initial gauge of 4 ft 8 in was set to accommodate the existing gauge of hundreds of horse-drawn chaldron wagons that were already in use on the wagonways in the mines. The railway used this gauge for 15 years before a change was made to 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in gauge, George Stephenson used the 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in gauge for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, authorised in 1826 and opened 30 September 1830. The success of this led to Stephenson and his son Robert being employed to engineer several other larger railway projects. Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway, authorised 1824 and opened 1825, used 4 ft 6 in, Dundee and Newtyle Railway, authorised 1829 and opened 1831, used 4 ft 6 1⁄2 in

5.
Phillipsburg, New Jersey
–
Phillipsburg is a town in Warren County, New Jersey, in the United States. Phillipsburg was incorporated as a town by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 8,1861, the town was named for William Phillips, an early settler of the area. The town is located in western New Jersey, on the border of Pennsylvania, the Norfolk Southern Railways Lehigh Line, runs through Phillipsburg on its way cross river to Easton, Pennsylvania. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town had an area of 3.311 square miles. Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the town include Andover Furnace, Delaware Park, Lopatcong Heights, Shirmers, Pohatcong Mountain is a ridge, approximately 6 mi long, in the Appalachian Mountains that extends from Phillipsburg northeast approximately to Washington. The Towns economic data is calculated by the US Census Bureau as part of the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, as of the census of 2010, there were 14,950 people,5,925 households, and 3,786 families residing in the town. The population density was 4,682.1 per square mile, there were 6,607 housing units at an average density of 2,069.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 83. 44% White,7. 49% Black or African American,0. 17% Native American,1. 53% Asian,0. 05% Pacific Islander,3. 92% from other races, and 3. 39% from two or more races. [[Hispanic |Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11. 82% of the population,29. 9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12. 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the family size was 3.12. In the town, the population was out with 25. 8% under the age of 18,9. 3% from 18 to 24,25. 9% from 25 to 44,25. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 37.1 years, for every 100 females there were 92.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 87.0 males, the Census Bureaus 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $42,825 and the median family income was $51,334. Males had an income of $44,311 versus $37,673 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $21,291, about 16. 5% of families and 18. 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31. 1% of those under age 18 and 6. 5% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 United States Census there were 15,166 people,6,044 households, the population density was 4,703.6 people per square mile. There were 6,651 housing units at a density of 2,062.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 91. 84% White,3. 47% African American,0. 12% Native American,0. 83% Asian,0. 01% Pacific Islander,2. 02% from other races, and 1. 71% from two or more races

6.
Railroad classes
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There are six US Class I freight railroad companies. Canada has two Class I freight railroads, both of which have trackage in the US, mexico has two Class I freight railroads, one with trackage in the US. In addition, the passenger railroads in the US and Canada, Amtrak. Initially, the ICC classed railroads by their gross revenue. Class I railroads had an operating revenue of at least $1 million. All such corporations were subject to reporting requirements on a quarterly or annual schedule, if a railroad slipped below its class qualification threshold for a period, it was not necessarily demoted immediately. For instance, in 1925, the ICC reported 174 Class I railroads,282 Class II railroads, since dissolution of the ICC in 1996, the Surface Transportation Board has become responsible for defining criteria for each railroad class. The bounds are typically redefined every several years to adjust for inflation, the initial $1 million criterion established in 1911 for a Class I railroad was used until January 1,1956, when the figure was increased to $3 million. In 1956, the ICC counted 113 Class I line-haul operating railroads and 309 Class II railroads, the Class III category was dropped in 1956 but reinstated in 1978. In a special move in 1979, all switching and terminal railroads were re-designated Class III, Class II and Class III designations are now rarely used outside the rail transport industry. The Association of American Railroads typically divides non–Class I companies into three categories, Regional railroads, operate at least 350 miles or make at least $40 million per year, local railroads, non-regional but engage in line-haul service. Switching and terminal railroads, mainly switch cars between other railroads or provide service from other lines to a common terminal, the Class II maximum criterion was increased in 1992 to $250 million annually, which resulted in the Florida East Coast Railway having its status changed to Class II. Rail carriers with less than $20 million in revenue are designated as Class III, in Canada, a Class I rail carrier is defined as a company that has earned gross revenues exceeding $250 million for each of the previous two years. Class 1 railroads are some of the most efficient forms of transportation, in 2013, eleven railroads in North America were designated as Class I. In the United States, Amtrak and seven freight railroads are designated Class I based on 2011 measurements released in 2013, a Class II railroad in the United States hauls freight and is mid-sized in terms of operating revenue. As of 2011, a railroad with revenues greater than $37.4 million, switching and terminal railroads are excluded from Class II status. Railroads considered by the Association of American Railroads as Regional Railroads are typically Class II, the last major change of the upper bound for a Class II railroad was in 1992, when the Florida East Coast Railway was changed from a Class I railroad to Class II. Changes since then have been adjustments for inflation, a Class III railroad has an annual operating revenue of less than $20 million

7.
United States
–
Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci

8.
Conrail
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Conrail, formally the Consolidated Rail Corporation, was the primary Class I railroad in the Northeastern United States between 1976 and 1999. Conrail is a portmanteau of consolidated and rail from the name of the company, the Federal Government created Conrail to take over the potentially profitable lines of multiple bankrupt carriers, including the Penn Central Transportation Company and Erie Lackawanna Railway. With the benefit of regulatory requirements being reduced, Conrail began to turn a profit in the 1980s and was turned over to private investors in 1987. Following Surface Transportation Board approval, CSX and NS took control in August 1998, the old company remains a jointly-owned subsidiary, with CSX and NS owning respectively 42 percent and 58 percent of its stock, corresponding to how much of Conrails assets they acquired. Each parent, however, has a voting interest. The primary asset retained by Conrail is ownership of the three Shared Assets Areas in New Jersey, Philadelphia, and Detroit, both CSX and NS have the right to serve all shippers in these areas, paying Conrail for the cost of maintaining and improving trackage. They also make use of Conrail to perform switching and terminal services within the areas, Conrail also retains various support facilities including maintenance-of-way and training, as well as a 51 percent share in the Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad. In the years leading to 1973, the railroad system of the United States was collapsing. Its largest Eastern railroad, the Penn Central Railroad, had declared bankruptcy in 1970, at its lowest point, PC was losing over $1 million a day and trains were becoming lost all over the railroad. In 1972, Hurricane Agnes damaged the rundown Northeast railway network and threatened the solvency of other railroads, in mid-1973, officials with the bankrupt Penn Central threatened to liquidate and cease operations by years end if they did not receive government aid by October 1. This threat to U. S. freight and passenger traffic galvanized the Congress to quickly create a bill to nationalize the bankrupt railroads, the Association of American Railroads, which opposed nationalization, submitted an alternate proposal for a government-funded private company. Judge Fullam forced the Penn Central to operate into 1974, when, on January 2, after threatening a veto, President Richard Nixon signed the Regional Rail Reorganization Act of 1973 into law. The 3R Act, as it was called, provided funding to the bankrupt railroads. The USRA was incorporated February 1,1974, and Edward G. Jordan, arthur D. Lewis of Eastern Air Lines was appointed chairman April 30, and the remainder of the board was named May 30 and sworn in July 11. Under the 3R Act, the USRA was to create a Final System Plan to decide which lines should be included in the new Consolidated Rail Corporation, unlike most railroad consolidations, only the designated lines were to be taken over. Other lines would be sold to Amtrak, various governments, transportation agencies. Controlled railroads and jointly owned railroads such as Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines, the EL had been formed in 1960 as a merger of the Erie Railroad and Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad. It too was bankrupt, but was somewhat stronger financially than the others and it was ruled reorganizable under Chapter 77 on April 30,1974, but on January 9,1975, with no end to its losses in sight, its trustees reconsidered and asked for inclusion

9.
New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants

10.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America

11.
Black River and Western Railroad
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The Black River and Western Railroad is a short-line railroad operating in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, between Flemington and Ringoes. The railroad operates vintage steam and diesel powered locomotives, it maintains a limited freight service. The Black River & Western Railroad was started by William Whitehead in Oldwick, New Jersey, a portion of the defunct Rockaway Valley Railroad went through his back yard. He and his sons started collecting rolling stock and an engine and they started laying tracks but then the expansion of I-78 halted their dream of building a railroad at that location. They moved their equipment to the Chester Hill Branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey with the hope of starting a railroad there, the section of railroad they were scouting soon became landlocked by the construction of I-80. The Black River & Western Railroad was incorporated in 1961, the railroads name is derived from the Black River, a river in Chester, and the direction that the river flows. The cars were moved to Flemington, New Jersey and the search for a place to start their tourist train was continued, a leasing arrangement was created the Pennsylvania Railroad that allowed a tourist train to operate from Flemington to Lambertville on the original Belvidere-Delaware Railroad Flemington Branch. BR&W paid $5,000 a year and rehabilitated the railroad, steam engine #60 pulled the first trip out of Flemington on May 16,1965. Weekend and holiday schedules were devised, with the acquisition of the railroad right of way and its freight operations, on top of the existing tourist passenger service, a true shortline railroad was born. Their base of operations was, and still is, out of Ringoes NJ, Freight interchange after the 1970 purchase was made with Penn Central at Lambertville and the CNJ in Flemington. Not long after the purchase, Penn Central filed for bankruptcy on June 21,1970, at the time it was the biggest corporation in the United States to file for bankruptcy. Penn Central continued to operate its freight trains under bankruptcy protection until April 1,1976 when Conrail took over operations, the BR&W purchased three miles of trackage in the Lambertville area that was part of the Belvidere Division mainline on March 31,1976 before Conrail took over. BR&W also purchased the Flemington-Three Bridges portion of the CNJ Flemington Branch from Somerville on this date. Since April 1976, a new interchange was being planned at Three Bridges, NJ with the ex-Lehigh Valley mainline and construction started on this in January 1977, opening in March of 1977. CR and BR&W hosted a trip on the Flemington Branch, Belvidere Division. That would indeed be the last train to operate on that section of the Belvidere Division and trackage was removed north and south of Lambertville to Milford. The right of way today is the Delaware & Raritan Canal State Park Rail-Trail, BR&W continued serving customers such as Trap Rock Industries Quarry, Nieces Lumber, Finkels Hardware and Belmont Packaging in Lambertville throughout the 1980s and 1990s. As time carried on the freight customers slowly dwindled, by 1995 there was almost no freight service left in Lambertville

12.
Belvidere Delaware Railroad
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It served as part of the Pennsylvania Railroad system, carrying mainly anthracite coal and iron ore from northeastern Pennsylvania to population centers along the coast. The Belvidere-Delaware Railroad was chartered on March 2,1836 and was constructed between 1850 and 1855 from Trenton along the Delaware River north to Belvidere, New Jersey, the Trenton-Lambertville section opened on February 6,1851, eventually reaching Belvidere on November 5,1855. On June 7,1854, the Bel-Del agreed to operate the Flemington Railroad and Transportation Company, LV coal trains began using the Bel-Del in January 1856, joining the Bel-Del by the LVs bridge over the Delaware River where it connection in Phillipsburg, New Jersey. The Pennsylvania Railroad began operating the Bel Del as the Belvidere Division of the United Railroads of New Jersey Grand Division in 1871, the Belvidere-Delaware Railroad and the Flemington Railroad & Transportation Company then merged on February 16,1885 to form the Belvidere Delaware Railroad. For much of the late 19th century and early 20th century the line proved vitally useful. In 1889 the Lehigh & Hudson River Railway made a deal with PRR to operate on the Bel-Del between Phillipsburg and Belvidere where LHRs track to Maybrook, New York connects. By the 1950s steam locomotives had replaced with diesel operated self-propelled Doodlebugs as a cost-saving measure resulting from dwindling patronage. North of where the plant is now to the junction at Manunka Chunk was subsequently removed in late 1955, on December 31,1957, the Bel-Del was merged into the United New Jersey Railroad and Canal Company, with passenger services ending by October 25,1960. Heritage operator Black River & Western Railroad began leasing the Flemington Branch from PRR on weekends to operate steam excursions, as part of the leasing agreement, BR&W was required to pay PRR for all track expenses, totalling $5,000. Trains began operating between Flemington and Lambertville by May 16,1965, the PRR merged with rival New York Central Railroad in 1968 to form the Penn Central, which fell apart faster than it came together. PC remnants were absorbed by Conrail in April 1976, which treated the Bel-Del as a secondary line. The chief function of the Bel-Del — bringing coal and iron ore between the LV connection at Phillipsburg with the PRR system — had long since ceased, the main priority freight trains were rerouted to other lines. With little industry remaining between Trenton and Milford, Conrail had little use for the line, track removal began in the summer of 1979 and ended in the spring of 1982. In those three years Conrail dismantled 32 miles of the line, the former railroad bed was converted for use as part of the Delaware & Raritan Canal Trail. Conrail renamed the Belvidere Branch their Delaware Secondary in the early 1980s from Milford to Belvidere, Conrail later sold the Phillipsburg-Milford section to the newly formed Belvidere & Delaware River Railway in 1995. Freight service was almost non-existent by the late 1990s as well, service trains kept seldom using the Ringoes-Lambertville branch line portion into 2003. BDRV served a paper plant south of Milford, NJ until 2003 when the mill closed. The line south of Carpentersville was soon closed to Riegelsville in 2004 when another paper plant decided to not continue using rail service

13.
Pennsylvania Railroad
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The Pennsylvania Railroad was an American Class I railroad, founded in 1846. Commonly referred to as the Pennsy, the PRR was headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the PRR was the largest railroad by traffic and revenue in the U. S. for the first half of the 20th century. Over the years, it acquired, merged with or owned part of at least 800 other rail lines and companies and its only formidable rival was the New York Central, which carried around three-quarters of PRRs ton-miles. At one time, the PRR was the largest publicly traded corporation in the world, with a larger than that of the U. S. government. The corporation still holds the record for the longest continuous dividend history, in 1968, PRR merged with rival NYC to form the Penn Central Transportation Company, which filed for bankruptcy within two years. The viable parts were transferred in 1976 to Conrail, which was broken up in 1999, with 58 percent of the system going to the Norfolk Southern Railway. Amtrak received the electrified segment east of Harrisburg, with the opening of the Erie Canal and the beginnings of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Philadelphia business interests became concerned that the port of Philadelphia would lose traffic. The state legislature was pressed to build a canal across Pennsylvania and it soon became evident that a single canal would not be practical and a series of railroads, inclined planes, and canals was proposed. Because freight and passengers had to change several times along the route and canals froze in winter, it soon became apparent that the system was cumbersome. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted a charter to the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1846 to build a rail line that would connect Harrisburg to Pittsburgh. The Directors chose John Edgar Thomson, an engineer from the Georgia Railroad, to survey, the crest of the mountain was penetrated by the 3, 612-foot Gallitzin Tunnels and then descended by a more moderate grade to Johnstown. The western end of the line was built from Pittsburgh east along the banks of the Allegheny. In 1857, the PRR purchased the Main Line of Public Works from the state of Pennsylvania, the line was double track from its inception, and by the end of the century a third and fourth track were added. Over the next 50 years, PRR expanded by gaining control of railroads by stock purchases. This line is still an important cross-state corridor, carrying Amtraks Philadelphia to Harrisburg Main Line and he served as PRRs first Chief Engineer and third President. Track connection in Philadelphia was made via the PRRs Connecting Railway, the PRRs Baltimore and Potomac Rail Road opened on July 2,1872, between Baltimore and Washington, D. C. This route required transfer via horse car in Baltimore to the lines heading north from the city. On June 29,1873, the Baltimore and Potomac Tunnel through Baltimore was completed, the PRR started the misleadingly named Pennsylvania Air Line service via the Northern Central Railway and Columbia, Pennsylvania

14.
Penn Central Transportation Company
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The Penn Central Transportation Company, commonly abbreviated to Penn Central, was an American Class I railroad headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that operated from 1968 until 1976. It was created by the 1968 merger of the Pennsylvania and New York Central railroads. The New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad was added to the merger in 1969, by 1970, the company had filed for what was, at that time, the Penn Central was created as a response to challenges faced by all three railroads in the late 1960s. The northeastern quarter of the United States, these railroads service area, was the most densely populated region of the U. S, in 1956, Congress had passed, and President Dwight D. Eisenhower had signed, the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956. This law authorized construction of the vast Interstate Highway System, which provided an economic boost to the trucking industry, another significant problem was the inability of the New York Central and Pennsylvania railroads to respond to market conditions. The railroad industry at the time was heavily regulated by the Interstate Commerce Commission and was unable to change the rates it charged shippers and passengers, therefore, reducing costs was the only way to become more profitable. Government regulation and agreements with labor unions tightly restricted what cost-cutting could take place, a merger seemed to be a promising way out of a difficult situation. The merged Penn Central was little better off than its constituent railroads were before, a merger implementation plan was drawn up, but not carried out. Attempts to integrate operations, personnel and equipment were not very successful, due to clashing corporate cultures, incompatible computer systems, Track conditions deteriorated and trains had to be run at reduced speeds, resulting in delayed shipments and personnel working extensive overtime. As a result, operating costs soared, derailments and wrecks became frequent, particularly in the Midwest. In addition, these new subsidiaries diverted management attention away from the problems in the core business, to make matters worse, management insisted on paying dividends to shareholders to create the illusion of success. The company had to more and more to keep operating. The interest on the loans became a financial burden. PCs poor shipment of Maine potatoes resulted in many rotting before they could get to market, in the winter of 1969, most of Maines potato production froze in PCs Selkirk Yard after being transferred from the Bangor & Aroostook Railroad. The American financial system was shocked when after two years of operations, the Penn Central Transportation Company was put into bankruptcy on June 21,1970. It was the largest corporate bankruptcy in American history at that time, although the Penn Central Transportation Company was put into bankruptcy, its parent Penn Central Company was able to survive. The Penn Centrals bankruptcy was the blow to long-haul private-sector passenger train service in the United States. The troubled company filed proposals with the ICC to abandon most of its passenger rail service

15.
Delaware River
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The Delaware River is a major river on the Atlantic coast of the United States. Its watershed drains an area of 14,119 square miles in five U. S. states—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, not including Delaware Bay, the rivers length including its two branches is 388 miles. The Delaware River is one of nineteen Great Waters recognized by the Americas Great Waters Coalition, the Delaware River rises in two main branches that descend from the western flank of the Catskill Mountains in New York. The West Branch begins near Mount Jefferson in the Town of Jefferson in Schoharie County, the rivers East Branch begins at Grand Gorge near Roxbury Delaware County. These two branches flow west and merge near Hancock in Delaware County and the waters flow as the Delaware River south. The river meets tide-water at the junction of Morrisville, Pennsylvania and Trenton, the rivers navigable, tidal section served as a conduit for shipping and transportation that aided the development of the industrial cities of Trenton, Camden, and Philadelphia. The mean freshwater discharge of the Delaware River into the estuary of Delaware Bay is 11,550 cubic feet per second, in 1609, the river was first visited by a Dutch East India Company expedition led by Henry Hudson. Hudson, an English navigator, was hired to find a route to Cathay. Early Dutch and Swedish settlements were established along the section of river. Both colonial powers called the river the South River, compared to the Hudson River, lord de la Warr waged a punitive campaign to subdue the Powhatan after they had killed the colonys council president, John Ratcliffe, and attacked the colonys fledgling settlements. Lord de la Warr arrived with 150 soldiers in time to prevent colonys original settlers at Jamestown from giving up, the name of barony is pronounced as in the current spelling form Delaware and is thought to derive from French de la Guerre. It has often reported that the river and bay received the name Delaware after English forces under Richard Nicolls expelled the Dutch. However, the river and bay were known by the name Delaware as early as 1641, the state of Delaware was originally part of the William Penns Pennsylvania colony. In 1682, the Duke of York granted Penns request for access to the sea and leased him the territory along the western shore of Delaware Bay which became known as the Lower Counties on the Delaware. The Delaware Rivers watershed drains an area of 14,119 square miles and encompasses 42 counties and 838 municipalities in five U. S. states—New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware. This total area constitutes approximately 0. 4% of the mass in the United States. In 2001, the watershed was 18% agricultural land, 14% developed land, there are 216 tributary streams and creeks—an estimated 14,057 miles of streams and creeks—in the watershed. The waters of the Delaware Rivers basin are used to fishing, transportation, power, cooling, recreation

16.
Milford, New Jersey
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Milford is a borough located in western Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. Milford was incorporated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on April 15,1911, from portions of Holland Township, the boroughs incorporation was confirmed on March 13,1925. The borough is located on the Delaware River in the portion of Hunterdon County. The Borough dates to the century when a grist mill was established here. After the mill was destroyed by fire in 1769, the settlement became known as Burnt Mills, the area was renamed as Lowreytown after Thomas Lowrey purchased land in the area in 1796. The community became known as Millford or Millsford by the beginning of the 19th century. It was incorporated in 1911 but the incorporation was not registered until 1925. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had an area of 1.226 square miles. Milford borders Alexandria Township and Holland Township, as of the census of 2010, there were 1,233 people,520 households, and 331.2 families residing in the borough. The population density was 1,073.4 per square mile, there were 552 housing units at an average density of 480.5 per square mile. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 19% of the population,28. 8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12. 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the family size was 2.93. In the borough, the population was out with 20. 6% under the age of 18,6. 4% from 18 to 24,24. 2% from 25 to 44,32. 8% from 45 to 64. The median age was 44.1 years, for every 100 females there were 95.7 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and old there were 97.0 males, the Census Bureaus 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that median household income was $75,948 and the median family income was $79,653. Males had an income of $52,679 versus $42,778 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $32,823, about 0. 9% of families and 2. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0. 0% of those under age 18 and 6. 6% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 United States Census there were 1,195 people,469 households, the population density was 1,037.7 people per square mile

17.
Riegelsville, Pennsylvania
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Riegelsville is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 868 at the 2010 census, the original, and now historic, Riegelsville Inn that he built in 1838 still stands. This historic stone inn has offered food and lodging to Bucks County travelers for over 160 years, the community was named for the Riegel family, as early landowners, they established paper mills across the river in New Jersey. With the completion of the Delaware Canal in 1832, the lands along the Delaware River attracted great industrial development, the movement of coal, a major important product of the area, brought capital & investment to Easton. Boats carried coal, stone, iron, crops and goods from the mills along the 60 miles from Easton to Bristol, along Canal Street grew one of the largest industrial manufacturing centers of America during the 1830s and 1840s. Easton continued to prosper as a center for industry, manufacturing, commerce, Riegelsville prospered when the Delaware Canal opened in 1832 with warehouses and factories lining its banks. The canal closed in 1931 after 99 years of service and was replaced by the railroads, today, Riegelsville is a peaceful and quiet town. Woods and fields border the Delaware Canal, remnants of crumbling stone foundations along its banks are reminders of a busy past, Riegelsville, Pennsylvania was a mill town in the late 1880s and 1900s. The borough overlooks the Delaware River spanned by the 1904 the Riegelsville Bridge built by John A. Roeblings Sons and it is one of the approximately three dozen bridges spanning the Delaware River between Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Residences near the river built by Riegel Paper Company executives in the late 1880s along Mansions Row have been restored, the Benjamin Riegel House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has an area of 1.0 square mile. 2. 0% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry, as of the census of 2000, there were 863 people,378 households, and 250 families residing in the borough. The population density was 867.8 people per square mile, there were 403 housing units at an average density of 405.3 per square mile. The racial makeup of the borough was 99. 19% White,0. 12% African American,0. 23% Asian,0. 35% from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 58% of the population. 28. 3% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 2.77. In the borough the population was out, with 21. 3% under the age of 18,5. 2% from 18 to 24,32. 9% from 25 to 44,25. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 40 years, for every 100 females there were 100.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.4 males, the median income for a household in the borough was $48,194, and the median income for a family was $55,208

18.
Norfolk Southern Railway
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The Norfolk Southern Railway is a Class I railroad in the United States. NS is responsible for maintaining 29,000 miles, with the remainder being operated under trackage rights from other parties responsible for maintenance, the common commodity hauled on the railroad is coal from mines in Indiana, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. The railroad also offers the largest intermodal network in eastern North America, NS is a major transporter of domestic and export coal. In Pennsylvania, NS also receives coal through interchange with R. J, corman Railroad/Pennsylvania Lines at Cresson, Pennsylvania, originating in the Clearfield Cluster. Coal transported by NS is thus exported to steel mills and power plants around the world, the company is also a major transporter of auto parts and completed vehicles. It operates intermodal container and TOFC trains, some in conjunction with other railroads, NS was the first railway to employ roadrailers, which are highway truck trailers with interchangeable wheel sets. The Norfolk Southern Railways parent Norfolk Southern Corporation is a Norfolk, Norfolk Southern Corporation was incorporated on July 23,1980 in the Commonwealth of Virginia and is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbols NSC. As of October 1,2014 Norfolk Southern Corporations total public stock value was slightly over $34.5 billion, the system began in 1982 with the creation of the Norfolk Southern Corporation, a holding company for the Southern Railway and Norfolk & Western Railway. The new company was given the name of the Norfolk Southern Railway, a line, acquired by SOU in 1974, that served primarily North Carolina. Headquarters for the new NS were established in Norfolk, Virginia, the company suffered a slight embarrassment when the marble headpiece at the buildings entrance was unveiled, which read Norfolk Southern Railway. A new headpiece replaced the erroneous one several weeks later, NS aimed to compete in the eastern United States with CSX Transportation, formed after the Interstate Commerce Commissions 1980 approval of the merger of the Chessie System and the Seaboard System. Norfolk Southerns predecessor railroads date to the early 19th century, the SRs earliest predecessor line was the South Carolina Canal & Rail Road. Chartered in 1827, the South Carolina Canal & Rail Road Company became the first to regularly scheduled passenger train service with the inaugural run of the Best Friend of Charleston in 1830. Another early predecessor, the Richmond & Danville Railroad, was formed in 1847, the R&D ultimately fell on hard times and in 1894, it became a major portion of the new Southern Railway. Financier J. P. Morgan selected veteran railroader Samuel Spencer as president, profitable and innovative, Southern became in 1953 the first major U. S. railroad to completely switch to diesel-electric locomotives from steam. It was acquired by the South Side Railroad in 1854, in the second half of the 20th century, the N&W acquired the Virginian Railway, the Wabash Railway, and the Nickel Plate Road, among others. In 1990, the two merged and formed Norfolk Southern Railway. The system grew with the acquisition of half of Conrail

19.
Canadian Pacific Railway
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The Canadian Pacific Railway, also known formerly as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railroad incorporated in 1881. The railroad is owned by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a restructuring in 2001. Headquartered in Calgary, Alberta, it owns approximately 20,000 kilometres of track all across Canada and into the United States, stretching from Montreal to Vancouver, and as far north as Edmonton. Its rail network also serves Minneapolis-St. Paul, Milwaukee, Detroit, Chicago, the railway was originally built between Eastern Canada and British Columbia between 1881 and 1885, fulfilling a promise extended to British Columbia when it entered Confederation in 1871. It was Canadas first transcontinental railway, but no longer reaches the Atlantic coast, the CPR became one of the largest and most powerful companies in Canada, a position it held as late as 1975. Its primary passenger services were eliminated in 1986, after being assumed by Via Rail Canada in 1978, a beaver was chosen as the railways logo because it is the national symbol of Canada and was seen as representing the hardworking character of the company. The company acquired two American lines in 2009, the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad and the Iowa, Chicago, the trackage of the ICE was at one time part of CP subsidiary Soo Line and predecessor line The Milwaukee Road. It is publicly traded on both the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker CP and its U. S. headquarters are in Minneapolis. The creation of the Canadian Pacific Railway was a task undertaken for a combination of reasons by the Conservative government of Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald. He was helped by Sir Alexander Tilloch Galt, who was the owner of the North Western Coal and his company went through several name changes during the process of the construction of the railway. British Columbia, a sea voyage away from the East Coast, had insisted upon a land transport link to the East as a condition for joining Confederation. The government however proposed to build a railway linking the Pacific province to the Eastern provinces within 10 years of 20 July 1871, Macdonald saw it as essential to the creation of a unified Canadian nation that would stretch across the continent. Moreover, manufacturing interests in Quebec and Ontario wanted access to raw materials, the first obstacle to its construction was political. The logical route went through the American Midwest and the city of Chicago, to ensure this routing, the government offered huge incentives including vast grants of land in the West. Because of this scandal, the Conservative Party was removed from office in 1873, surveying was carried out during the first years of a number of alternative routes in this virgin territory followed by construction of a telegraph along the lines that had been agreed upon. The Thunder Bay section linking Lake Superior to Winnipeg was commenced in 1875, by 1880, around 1,000 kilometres was nearly complete, mainly across the troublesome Canadian Shield terrain, with trains running on only 500 kilometres of track. With Macdonalds return to power on 16 October 1878, an aggressive construction policy was adopted. Macdonald confirmed that Port Moody would be the terminus of the transcontinental railway, in 1879, the federal government floated bonds in London and called for tenders to construct the 206 km section of the railway from Yale, British Columbia, to Savonas Ferry, on Kamloops Lake

20.
Allentown, Pennsylvania
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Allentown is a city located in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is Pennsylvanias third most populous city and the 224th largest city in the United States, as of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 118,032 and is currently the fastest growing city in all of Pennsylvania. It is the largest city in the area known as the Lehigh Valley. Allentown constitutes a portion of the New York City Metropolitan Area and is the county seat of Lehigh County, in 2012, the city celebrated the 250th anniversary of its founding in 1762. Located on the Lehigh River, Allentown is the largest of three adjacent cities, in Northampton and Lehigh counties, that make up a region of eastern Pennsylvania known as the Lehigh Valley, the Norfolk Southern Railways Lehigh Line, runs through Allentown heading east across the Delaware River. The Norfolk Southern Railways Reading Line runs through Allentown heading west to Reading, the price for this tract included shoes and buckles, hats, shirts, knives, scissors, combs, needles, looking glasses, rum, and pipes. The land was surveyed on November 23,1736. Used primarily as a hunting and fishing lodge, here Allen entertained prominent guests including his brother-in-law, James Hamilton and it is likely that a certain amount of rivalry with the Penns prompted Judge Allen to decide to start a town of his own in 1762. Ten years before, in 1752, Northampton and Berks counties had been formed, each with a county seat, Easton and Reading, respectively. It is recorded that, in 1763, the year after the founding of Allentown. To this effort William Allen lent all his influence as Chief Justice, the influence of the Penns, however, prevailed, and Easton was retained as the county seat of all that vast area which the notorious Walking Purchase had opened up. The town was located between present-day Fourth and Tenth Streets, and Union and Liberty Streets, many streets on the original plan were named for Allens children, Margaret, William, James, Ann and John. Allen Street was named for Allen himself, and was the main thoroughfare, Hamilton Street was named for James Hamilton. Gordon Street was named for Sir Patrick Gordon, Deputy Governor of Colonial Pennsylvania from 1726–1736, Chew Street was named for Benjamin Chew, and Turner Street was named for Allens business partner, Joseph Turner. Allen gave the property to his son James in 1767, three years later, in 1770, James built a summer residence, Trout Hall, in the new town, near the site of his fathers former hunting lodge. On March 18,1811, the town was incorporated as the borough of Northampton Town. On March 6,1812, Lehigh County was formed from the half of Northampton County. The town was officially renamed Allentown on April 16,1838, Allentown was formally incorporated as a city on March 12,1867

21.
New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway
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The New York, Susquehanna & Western Railway is a Class II American freight railway operating over 500 miles of track in the northeastern states of New York, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. It was formed in 1881 from the merger of smaller railroads. Passenger service in Northern New Jersey was offered until 1966, the railroad was purchased by the Delaware Otsego Corporation in 1980, and became a regional player during the 1980s in the intermodal freight transport business. That same year, the New York and Oswego Midland Railroad was chartered to connect the Great Lakes port at Oswego, New York, several competing companies sprang up in 1867, but the New Jersey Western Railroad was the most successful, constructing westward from Paterson and Hawthorne. Cornelious Wortendyke, president of the NJW, signed a agreement with DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn of the NY&OM giving his road a through route into New Jersey. Construction on the NY&OM started in 1868 and progressed rapidly, the NJW changed its name to the New Jersey Midland Railway in 1870, and construction had stretched from Hackensack, New Jersey, all the way through to Hanford. The NY&OM reached Middletown, New York, and leased the connecting Middletown, Unionville and Water Gap Railroad, the last stretch of construction from Hackensack to Jersey City completed the NJM in 1872. The first through train from Oswego to Jersey City operated on July 9,1873, while the goals of the two partners had been reached, the Panic of 1873 caused financial ruin for both companies. The NY&OM suspended lease payments, and the agreement was broken, the NY&OM was reorganized as the New York, Ontario and Western Railway in 1879, and went its separate way. The NJM took over the lease of the MU&WG as well, unable to weather the financial storm, the NJM was put into receivership in 1875. In 1880, the railroad was reorganized as the New Jersey Midland Railroad, by 1882, the newly reorganized New York, Susquehanna & Western had extended west to Gravel Place, Pennsylvania, and a connection with the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railway. The NYS&W also had a connection to the DL&W at Delaware, due to the increased volume of traffic, the railroad was double-tracked from Paterson to Jersey City in 1887. To reach the port on the Hudson River waterfront, traffic was handed off to the Pennsylvania Railroad at Marion Junction via the Hudson Connecting Railway. The NYSW also reached west of the Delaware River and leased the Wilkes-Barre and Eastern Railroad to access the Scranton area directly and divert traffic away from the Lackawanna. American financier J. P. Morgan began to notice of this rapidly expanding coal-hauler. The railroad was leased by the Erie in 1898, and soon took over complete operation of the line. The NYS&W fell on hard times during the recession of 1957. The NYS&W lost its connection to the Lehigh and New England Railroad when the L&NE ceased operations in 1961

22.
China Railways SY
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The SY class 2-8-2 Mikado is one of the main industrial locomotives used by China Railways built mostly by Tangshan Railway Vehicle between 1960 and 1999. The SY class was the last major class of locomotives to be produced anywhere in the world with last being built in 1999. The design however is based on the earlier Japanese-built JF6 Class 2-8-2s which itself was based on a type built by the American Locomotive Company in the 1920s for use in Korea. The last steam locomotive built in China is SY1772, completed in 1999, the SY class were also among the few Chinese steam locomotives to be exported. This third one was lost at sea during shipment in the Indian Ocean when the ship it was on sunk, the Susquehanna later purchased SY1647m from the Valley Railroad renumbering it 142. SY1658m was renumbered 58 in the mid to late 1990s, after the main draw of the Knox and Kane Railroad, the Kinzua Bridge collapsed in mid 2003, the 58 was withdrawn from service and moved with other equipment to an enginehouse in Kane, Pennsylvania. On the morning of 16 March 2008, the 58 was damaged when the enginehouse it was stored in was burned by arson, the 58 was purchased later that year by the Valley Railroad at an auction. Upon purchase, the 58 was renumbered 3025 and was given a complete rebuild which included cosmetic alterations to make it resemble a New Haven 2-8-2, sY-0017, is preserved at Fangzi Coal Mine Heritage Park, Weifang. SY-0024, is preserved at Maanshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd, sY-0051, is preserved at Hubei Huangshi National Mine park. SY-0053, is preserved at Maanshan Iron & Steel Co. Ltd, sY-0057, is preserved at Dalian Software Park. SY-0072, is preserved at Lingyuan Iron and Steel Group Corporation, sY-0192, is preserved at the Former Guizhou-Guangxi Railway Bridge, Chengbei New District, Duyun. SY-0194, is preserved at Lanzhou JiaoTong University, sY-0223, is preserved at Changchun Park. SY-0232, is preserved at Yakeshi Railway Station, sY-0309, is preserved at Dashanzi Art District, Beijing. SY-0320, is preserved at Panzhihua Third-line Construction Museum, sY-0405, is preserved at Liupanshui Third-line Construction Museum. SY-0427, is preserved at Tianjin Haijin Bridge Park SY-0452, is preserved at Mudanjiang Railway Station, sY-0516, is preserved at Jiayang National Mine Park Museum SY-0590, is preserved at Suifenhe Great Railway House. SY-0590, is preserved at Jiangyue Road No, sY-0652, is preserved at Dalian Modern Museum SY-0862, is preserved at Shanghai Chedun Film Base. SY-1000, is preserved at Liuzhou Locomotive and Rolling Stock Works, sY-1004, is preserved at Shandong Jiaotong University. SY-1034, is preserved at Lintong Longhai Railway Park, sY-1085, is preserved at China Academy of Railway Sciences

23.
2-8-2
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This configuration of steam locomotive is most often referred to as a Mikado, frequently shortened to Mike. At times it was referred to on some railroads in the United States of America as the McAdoo Mikado and, during the Second World War. The 2-8-2 wheel arrangement allowed the firebox to be placed behind instead of above the driving wheels. This supported a greater rate of combustion and thus a capacity for steam generation. Allied with the driving wheel diameter which was possible when they did not impinge on the firebox. The first 2-8-2 locomotive was built in 1884 and it was originally named Calumet by Angus Sinclair, in reference to the 2-8-2 engines built for the Chicago & Calumet Terminal Railway. However, this name did not take hold, the wheel arrangement name Mikado originated from a group of Japanese type 9700 2-8-2 locomotives that were built by Baldwin Locomotive Works for the 3 ft 6 in gauge Nippon Railway of Japan in 1897. In the 19th century, the Emperor of Japan was often referred to as the Mikado in English, also, the Gilbert and Sullivan opera The Mikado had premiered in 1885 and achieved great popularity in both Britain and America. The 2-8-2 was one of the more common configurations in the first half of the 20th century, before dieselisation. Between 1917 and 1944, nearly 2,200 of this type were constructed by the American Locomotive Company, Lima Locomotive Works and Baldwin, of all of the USRA designs, the Mikado proved to be the most popular. The total American production was about 14,000, of which 9,500 were for local customers, Mikado remained the type name until the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. Seeking a more American name, MacArthur came into use to describe the type in the United States. After the war, the type name Mikado again became the most common for this locomotive type, Locomotives of this wheel arrangement saw service on all six populated continents. The 2-8-2 type was popular in North America, but was also used extensively in Continental Europe. In 1930, Vulcan Foundry supplied the Central Argentine Railway with twenty 2-8-2s and they were cross-compound locomotives with one high-pressure cylinder with a bore of 21 inches and one low-pressure cylinder with a bore of 31 1⁄2 inches, with a stroke of 26 inches. These 5 ft 6 in gauge locomotives had coupled wheels with a diameter of 55 1⁄2 inches, a Mikado was also the last new class of mainline steam locomotive to be introduced in Australia, the V class heavy freight locomotive of the Western Australian Government Railways of 1955. The 4-cylinder compound class 470, developed in 1914 by Karl Gölsdorf, was built for trains on mountain lines. From 1927, some of these locomotives were rebuilt to two-cylinder superheated steam locomotives and they were reclassified to class 39 from 1938 and remained in service until 1957

24.
Valley Railroad (Connecticut)
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The Valley Railroad is a heritage railroad based in Connecticut on tracks of the Connecticut Valley Railroad which was founded in 1868. It operates the Essex Steam Train and the Essex Clipper Dinner Train, the Valley Railroad Company operates the Essex Steam Train & Riverboat. This excursion starts with a 12-mile ride aboard the historic Essex Steam Train from the Essex Station with scenic views of the Connecticut River up to Chester, the train reverses direction back to the Deep River Station/Landing. Passengers who have purchased the tickets can board the Becky Thatcher at this station. The riverboat brings people on a 1-hour, 15-minute trip up the Connecticut River to the East Haddam Swing Bridge, the train then picks up passengers to bring them back to Essex Depot. The whole trip takes about 2 hours 30 minutes, the Essex Clipper Dinner Train is a 2. 5-hour train ride that departs Essex Depot and offers scenic views of the Connecticut River along the way. The train brings passengers to the end of the operable line in Haddam. A seasonal four-course meal is prepared on-board and served in restored 1920s Pullman dining cars, each November and December, the North Pole Express brings passengers on a fictituous ride to the North Pole for children and their families. Amenities include on-board entertainment, singing, trackside displays, cookies, hot chocolate, the vision of a Valley Railroad started in the 1840s when President of the Charter Oak Life Insurance Company, James Clark Walkley traced the 44-mile route by stagecoach with friend Horace Johnson. Walkley and a group of business men obtained a charter on July 17,1868, to form the Connecticut Valley Railroad Company. During 1868-1869, survey crews worked to map out the line from Hartford to Saybrook Point, in April 1870, construction of the line began, with ground breaking taking place in Higganum, Ct. The Connecticut River Valley allowed for a construction as no tunnels or major bridges where required. The line was completed during the summer of 1871 with the first ceremonial train run over the 45 miles on July 29,1871, at $34,000 per mile the line ended up costing $1,482,903. The first regular train started on July 31,1871, on August 24,1871 the Connecticut Valley Railroad declared an official opening. The schedules of trains operating along the Valley Railroad called for one mixed train, the company grossed $34,000 in its first year. It continue d to grow, grossing $250, 000/year in 1873, financial trouble plagued many early railroads, and the Connecticut Valley defaulted in 1876 on its second mortgage bonds and was placed in receivership. On July 1,1880, the Hartford and Connecticut Valley Railroad took control with president Samuel Babcock, the New Haven Railroad was rapidly increasing its stature in Southern New England. Seeing a good chance to sell their new line at a good price, in 1882, the New Haven followed through by leasing the H&CV

25.
Essex, Connecticut
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Essex is a town in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 6,683 at the 2010 census and it is made up of three villages, Essex Village, Centerbrook, and Ivoryton. 28 vessels, with a value estimated to be close to $200,000, were destroyed by the British. One historian has called it the Pearl Harbor of that war. M, a dubious local myth states that Coote did not burn the town as a favor to a local merchant who greeted him with a secret Masonic handshake. The British marched to the Bushnell Tavern, then seized the towns stores of rope and, according to the April 19,1814 Hartford Courant, $100,000 or upwards worth of rum. Their main targets, however, were the newly constructed privateers in the harbor, ready or nearly ready for sail, which they burned. Within 6 hours, their mission was accomplished, and The British went downstream with two captured ships in tow, including the Black Prince, a vessel that may well have inspired the raid. At the time of the raid, Essex had been a center of shipping and shipbuilding, but was suffering under a blockade by The British, as a result. Captain Richard Hayden, a prominent shipbuilder, had advertised his Black Prince in a New York City newspaper as a 315 ton sharp schooner that would make an ideal privateer and this may have caught the attention of The British, who then investigated Essex and launched the successful raid. Perhaps as a consequence of the practical, but somewhat less than heroic, response of the town to the raid, shortly afterwards, plans are to expand the celebration of the towns worst day in history in future years, according to the museums executive director, Jerry Roberts. The three villages of Essex have a unique and interesting history, archival study is the most normal way of learning about an area. However, an examination of the extant homes can be equally illuminating, such is the situation in Essex where the villages of Centerbrook, Essex, and Ivoryton evolved at different periods for different reasons. Centerbrook, a fertile and productive area, was the center of town until the Revolutionary War. Many farmhouses remain from this era, the Selah Griswold House and Clark Nott House on Bokum Road are fine examples of two-story center chimney homes that were characteristic of the time. The Benjamin Bushnell Homestead on Ingham Hill Road falls into the same category, also characteristic of Centerbrook were smaller Cape Cod type homes. The Snow House on Main Street, the Nott House on Westbrook Road, the Taylor Bushnell House on Ingham Hill Road, the dominant building in Centerbrook, from a historical standpoint, is the Congregational Church. This structure is the second to stand here, and the oldest existing building in Middlesex County. There were a few built in Essex Village during the first half of the 18th century

26.
Cape May Seashore Lines
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Cape May Seashore Lines is a short line railroad in southern New Jersey. It offers two services, a 30-mile round trip between Richland and Tuckahoe, and a 14-mile round trip between Rio Grande, Cold Spring Village, and Cape May City. The track is owned by New Jersey Transit and leased to CMSL, connections are provided with Conrails Beesleys Point Secondary, owned jointly by CSX and Norfolk Southern, at the north end in Tuckahoe. Tony Macrie has been president of CMSL since he formed the railroad in 1984 and these unconscionable and heinous acts of vandalism have caused extensive damage to the track structure, rendering the rail line impassable by any type of train movement. The Seashore Lines is actively exploring solutions to remediate this situation of ruinous proportions, CMSL operates both freight trains and excursion trains. At one time, the line that both excursions travel on was known as The Steel Speedway To The Shore. Eventually it became part of Conrail, which ended service on the line in 1981, ended freight service on October 10,1983. CMSL was founded by Tony Macrie in January 1984, regular train service between Cape May Court House and Cold Spring Village began in 1996. Service was extended in Cape May City in 1999 after repairs to the bridge crossing the Cape May Canal were completed. In 2005, mechanical issues with the Cape May Canal swing bridge prevented trains from entering the city of Cape May, although the bridge was repaired a year later, a severe storm in April 2007 damaged the tracks and left locomotives stranded in Tuckahoe. After a series of setbacks, passenger train service between Rio Grande and Cape May City resumed on August 17,2010. This is CMSLs main line between Tuckahoe and Cape May City, the investigating trooper informed them that several individuals associated with the theft had been arrested and charged with indictable offenses. Arrested on Monday, March 5, were a father and son team from the Villas section of Lower Township, New Jersey, the trooper also mentioned that the investigation was continuing, with the possibility of filing charges against additional individuals. The inspection was performed via track car and hi-rail truck, and their inspection concluded that the area of the theft encompassed approximately 6,800 linear feet of their main line. The actual theft of the OTM represented 75 percent of the amount of tie plates and spikes in that particular section of track. In their actions to remove the tie plates and spikes, the perpetrators also damaged and destroyed numerous cross ties, excursion trains did not run during the summer of 2012 due to the damage from the vandalism. The company offered rides to the public on speeder vehicles along several miles of track at the Cape May City end of the line, Macrie has stated that CMSL plans to have train service restored in 2013. As of November 2016, service to Cape May has not resumed, two of which are restored and in operating condition

27.
CSX Transportation
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CSX Transportation is a Class I railroad in the United States. The main subsidiary of the CSX Corporation, the railroad is headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida, CSX operates one of the three Class I railroads serving most of the East Coast, the other two being the Norfolk Southern Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway. It also serves the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec, together CSX and Norfolk Southern Railway have a duopoly over all east-west freight rail traffic east of the Mississippi River. As of October 1,2014, CSXs total public stock value was slightly over $32 billion, CSX Transportation was formed on July 1,1986, by combining the Chessie System and Seaboard System Railroad. The origin of the Chessie System was the former Chesapeake & Ohio Railway, which had merged with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, on June 6,1998, the STB approved the CSX–NS application and set August 22,1998, as the effective date of its decision. CSX acquired 42 percent of Conrails assets, and NS received the remaining 58 percent, as a result of the transaction, CSXs rail operations grew to include some 3,800 miles of the Conrail system. CSX began operating its trains on its portion of the Conrail network on June 1,1999, CSX now serves much of the eastern U. S. with a few routes into nearby Canadian cities. The name came about during merger talks between Chessie System, Inc. and Seaboard System Railroad, Inc. commonly called Chessie, the company chairmen said it was important for the new name to include neither of those names because it was a partnership. Employees were asked for suggestions, most of which consisted of combinations of the initials, at the same time a temporary shorthand name was needed for discussions with the Interstate Commerce Commission. CSC was chosen but belonged to a company in Virginia. The lawyers decided to use CSX, and the name stuck, in the public announcement, it was said that CSX is singularly appropriate. C can stand for Chessie, S for Seaboard, and X, however, in the August 9,2016 article on the Railway Age website stated that. And the X was for Consolidated, the T had to be added to CSX when used as a reporting mark because reporting marks that end in X means that the car is owned by a leasing company or private car owner. Its current slogan, How Tomorrow Moves, appeared in 2008, in 2014 Canadian Pacific Railway approached CSX with an offer to merge the two companies, but CSX declined and in 2015 Canadian Pacific made an attempt to purchase and merge with Norfolk Southern. In 2017 CSX announced Hunter Harrison as its new chief executive, CSX added 5 new directors to their board, including Harrison and Mantle Ridge founder Paul Hilal. Mantle Ridge owns 4.9 percent of CSX, CSX operates two regions of five divisions each, the Northern, based in Calumet City, Illinois, and Southern, based in Jacksonville, Florida. The CEO of CSX is Hunter Harrison as of Feb 2017, o823, Q740 and Q741, Q743, and Q745—which consists of Tropicana cars that carry fresh orange juice between Bradenton, Florida, and the Greenville section of Jersey City, New Jersey. The train also runs from Bradenton to Fort Pierce, Florida, in the 21st century, the Juice Train has been studied as a model of efficient rail transportation that can compete with trucks and other modes in the perishable-goods trade

28.
Delaware and Hudson Railway
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The Delaware and Hudson Railway is a railroad that operates in the northeastern United States. In 1991, after more than 150 years as an independent railroad, CP operates D&H under its subsidiary Soo Line Corporation which also operates Soo Line Railroad. Nicknamed The Bridge Line to New England and Canada, D&H connected New York with Montreal, Quebec, D&H has also been known as North Americas oldest continually operated transportation company. On September 19,2015, Norfolk Southern Railway commenced acquisition of the D&H South Line from CP, the D&H South Line is 282 miles long and connects Schenectady, New York to Sunbury, Pennsylvania. The D&H South Line consists of two lines, the Sunbury Line and the Freight Line. The Nicholson Cutoff is located on the Sunbury Line, by the 1790s, industrializing eastern population centers were having increasing troubles getting charcoal to fuel their growing kilns, smithies, and foundries. As local timber was denuded efforts to find an energy source began. The Delaware and Hudson Gravity Railroad to bring coal to the Delaware and this cable railroad would grow in importance and become the far flung class I railroad, the Delaware and Hudson Railway. Finding coal outcrops, he realized the value of the extensive anthracite deposits. The canal he proposed would also tie the developing industries along the Delaware to the Hudson, in January 1825, following a demonstration of anthracite heating in a Wall Street coffeehouse, its public stock offering raised a million dollars. At the time, the Lehigh Canal had well established a reliable flow of increasing annual tonnages, ground was broken on July 13,1825, and the canal was opened to navigation in October 1828. It began at Rondout Creek at the known as Creeklocks. To get the anthracite from the Wurts mine in the Moosic Mountains near Carbondale to the canal at Honesdale, the state of Pennsylvania authorized its construction on April 8,1826. On August 8,1829, the D&Hs first locomotive, the Stourbridge Lion, westward extensions of the railroad opened to new mines at Archbald in 1843, Valley Junction in 1858, Providence in 1860 and Scranton in 1863. Passenger service began west of Carbondale in 1860, the canal was a successful enterprise for many of its early years, but the companys management realized that railroads were the future of transportation, and began investing in stock and trackage. In 1898 the canal carried its last loads of coal and was drained, the next year the company dropped the Canal from its name. The remaining fragments of the canal were designated a National Historic Landmark in 1968, as railroads grew in popularity, the canal company recognized the importance of replacing the canal with a railroad. The first step of this was the Jefferson Railroad, a line from Carbondale north towards New York, chartered in 1864, built by the Erie Railroad in 1869 and this was a branch of the Erie, running south from the main line at Lanesboro to Carbondale

29.
Morristown and Erie Railway
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Morristown & Erie Railway is a short-line railroad based in Morristown, New Jersey, chartered in 1895 as the Whippany River Railroad. The M&E also operated the Maine Eastern Railroad from November 2003 to December 31,2015, the modern Morristown & Erie traces its roots to the original Whippany River Railroad, chartered on August 1,1895, and hastily constructed to connect Morristown and Whippany. Interchange was established with the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad at Morristown, when the railroad defaulted on their bonds, paper mill owner Robert W. McEwan purchased the line from its creditors in 1896. Thanks to the mills and other customers located along the line. Seeking a connection with the Erie Railroad, McEwan chartered the Whippany & Passaic River Railroad in 1902 to build a line from Whippany to Essex Fells, having access to two major railroads meant that McEwans customers could enjoy competitive shipping rates from both connections. On August 28,1903, the Whippany River Railroad and the Whippany & Passaic River Railroad were merged into the new Morristown & Erie Railroad, M&E operated a modest passenger service, but automobile competition ended that in 1928. Freight business grew as the mills along the line kept switching crews busy, the economic downturn associated with the Great Depression affected M&E. Frugal management kept the railroad viable through the worst of the 1930s. M&E would be the only U. S. railroad to rid itself of all debt during the era leading up to World War II, the railroad passed out of the McEwan family by 1943 and continued under new management. In 1952, the received its first diesel, an S-4 from Alco. When Andrew J. Cobb III assumed the presidency in 1961, many of the mills that had been steady customers began to shut down, in 1960, DL&W and Erie Railroad merged to form Erie Lackawanna Railway, eliminating competition for shipping rates to M&E. By the 1970s, the Northeastern railroad industry was in decline, the Morristown shop was leased to a locomotive rebuilder for a period of time, but it was not enough. The last paper mill had closed and carloads were down to a dozen per week, the railroad tried to invest its freight earnings into non-transportation areas, but these experiments failed. By 1978 the railroad filed bankruptcy, a consortium of businessmen under the leadership of Benjamin J. Friedland purchased M&E in 1982, and immediately set to work on rebuilding the business as the Morristown & Erie Railway. Investments were made in track and repairing locomotives, aggressive marketing helped bring traffic back to M&E. Friedland became a spokesperson for short line railroading, and was able to use these connections to help grow his business. He also had a sense of history, and is also credited with the opening of the Whippany Railway Museum in 1985. Around this same time, Friedland helped orchestrate the purchase of the Chester Branch and he also worked with Morris County officials to help purchase and operate remnants of the former Central Railroad of New Jersey Dover & Rockaway and High Bridge branches in 1986. The M&E also briefly operated the New Hope & Ivyland Railroad between 1989 and 1990, while the M&E enjoyed modest growth throughout the 1980s, the railroad continued to seek out new opportunities for expansion. In 1995, Friedland negotiated a contract with Tosco to be the operator for switching operations at Bayway Refinery in Linden

30.
New York and Greenwood Lake Railway (1996)
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The New York and Greenwood Lake Railway is a shortline railroad owned by Jim Wilson and based in Passaic, New Jersey. It operates primarily to service transfer station facilities for a few private companies, cars run on NYGLs trackage, the former Erie Railroad Dundee spur, to interchange with the Norfolk Southern Railway on New Jersey Transits Bergen County Line in Garfield. Former owner Conrail slated the Dundee spur to close in 1996, as a result, Conrail sold the line. The transfer facility also serviced Phill-Con Services construction debris receiving facility, Phill-Con used the Greenwood shed as a waste transfer station for shipment to Alabama from May 2005 through early 2009. That station became unprofitable with the downturn in constructions and the opening of the nearby Kearny landfill in January 2009, the shortlines name was taken from an earlier unrelated New York and Greenwood Lake Railway that merged into the Erie Railroad in 1943. The NY&GL suspended operations in 2012, when its last customer ceased operations, the railroad had various equipment, including locomotives NYGL1267 and 1268, as well as Erie 436, EL3372 and LIRR7375 stored in Passaic, NJ. In 2015, the 3372 was moved to Boonton, NJ for restoration by URHS, and they also have several passenger coaches and locomotives NYGL935 and Erie 833 stored in Port Jervis, NY. The equipment stored in Port Jervis was slated to be used for a passenger excursion service along the scenic upper Delaware River. The passenger coaches have been vandalized, but the 2 locomotives have stayed in relatively good shape. The future of the railroad and all of the equipment is unclear. Google image of erie 833 and GLR935

31.
New York New Jersey Rail
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New York New Jersey Rail, LLC is a switching and terminal railroad that operates the only car float operation across Upper New York Bay between Jersey City, New Jersey and Brooklyn, New York. It is the last remaining car float operation in the Port of New York, on the Bay Ridge, Brooklyn end, the 6-acre Bush Terminal Yard and the 65th Street Yard connect to the New York and Atlantic Railways Bay Ridge Branch and the South Brooklyn Railway. The 2.5 mile barge trip across the harbor takes approximately 45 minutes, the equivalent trip by truck is 35-50 miles. As of 2012, the NYNJ system moves approximately 1,500 rail cars across the harbor per year, Port Authority officials suggested that the system can transport as many as 25,000 cars annually. NYNJ replaced two EMD GP38-2 with three locomotives from Knoxville Locomotive Works in Tennessee for $5 million. As of July, the system had moved about 4900 rail cars in 2015, from 1983 to 2006, the operation was known as the New York Cross Harbor Railroad. In 1999 the city of New York rehabilitated the larger 65th Street Yard for car float operations with two lift bridges and it was not turned over to NYCH because of a dispute over money owed the city. NYCH continued to use the lift bridge at Bush Terminal instead. In 2002, New York Cross Harbor Railroad revenues from operations were $1,685,899. It had 48 active customers, with shipments of cocoa from docks in Brooklyn as its largest line of business and it also operated a trucking service and offered shipside and dockside service for receipt or delivery of various types of cargo, such as oversized steel beams. NYCH ceased to exist in 2006, new company Mid-Atlantic New England Rail, LLC in West Seneca, New York bought the railroad and renamed it New York New Jersey Rail, the city of New York purchased the company two years later. The Port Authority began working with government agencies in New York, in May 2010 the Port Authority announced that it would purchase Greenville Yard and build a new barge-to-rail facility there, as well as improving the existing rail car float system. The barge-to-rail facility is expected to handle an estimated 60,000 to 90,000 containers of waste per year from New York City. The authoritys board authorized $118.1 million for the overall project, in November 2011 the Port Authority hired HDR, Inc. of Omaha, Nebraska to rehabilitate Greenville Yard. In July 2012 NYNJ began operating out of the 65th Street Yard, initial cargo included apples, home heating oil, new automobiles, and scrap metal. On October 29,2012 Hurricane Sandy caused major damage to the Greenville facility, undermining the float bridge gantries, the 81-year-old gantry structures were ultimately demolished. The working float bridge at Bush Terminal was transferred by barge to Greenville, service was restored in late December, after 52 days of intensive reconstruction. The Port Authority will also build two new rail to barge transfer bridges, purchase two new car float barges, each with 18 rail car capacity, and buy four new ultra low emission locomotives, the new facility is expected to become operational in July 2016

32.
SMS Rail Lines
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SMS Rail Lines is a shortline railroad based at Pureland Industrial Park in Bridgeport, New Jersey. The company handles all freight car delivery to businesses located within the industrial park and it also operates lines in Morrisville, Pennsylvania, and Guilderland, New York. SMS maintains many locomotives built by the Baldwin Locomotive Works, SMS provides chemical off-loading equipment and transload facilities to enable businesses to receive rail freight traffic. SMS Rail Lines began operating in the Philadelphia area in June 1994, in November 2006, the railroad began operations in Albany, New York. SMS runs a variety of locomotives, most being built by the Baldwin Locomotive works, SMS also owns units built by GMs Electro-Motive Diesel and GE Transportation. ALCO 0-6-0 Baldwin, VO-660 VO-1000 DS-4-4-660 DS-4-4-750 DS-4-4-1000 S-12 AS-616 EMD, SW14 SW1200RS GP38-3 GE, B23-7

33.
Southern Railroad of New Jersey
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The Southern Railroad of New Jersey is a small short-line railroad company based in Winslow, New Jersey. The railroad operates freight trains in two areas in Southern New Jersey, in the Winslow area, trains operate between Winslow Junction and Pleasantville, and between Winslow Junction and the Winslow Hot Mix asphalt plant in Winslow Township. In Salem County, the company operates on the Salem Branch between Salem and Swedesboro, SRNJ acquired operating rights to the 15.5 miles Winslow-Vineland route, known as the Winslow Branch, from The Shore Fast Line, Inc. in 1991. PRSL was acquired by Conrail in 1976, and the Salem branch was sold by Conrail to the Salem County government in 1985. SRNJ contracted with the county in 1995 to take over operations on the 18.6 miles route from the West Jersey Railroad Co. which was awarded the contract by the county in 1988. Rail Corporation operated the Salem line, in 2012 the county reassigned the contract to SRNJ. The short line serves local businesses and interchanges freight cars with Conrail Shared Assets Operations, SRNJ maintains an interchange yard at Winslow Junction, connecting with the Atlantic City Line and the CSAO Beesley Point Secondary Track. The Winslow branch route was restored after it was damaged by floods in 2003, as of 2014 the Winslow Junction-Vineland section of track is not in use except for the northernmost 4 miles, which serves an asphalt plant. The railroad also has rights over NJTs Atlantic City Line, to Atlantic City. In Salem, SRNJ maintains a yard and connects with the CSAO Swedesboro Industrial Track, the Salem branch line, which is over 100 years old, is in poor condition as of 2012, and the maximum speed is 5 miles per hour. In September 2012 NJDOT announced that it provide a $1.35 million grant to Salem County to rehabilitate the track in 2013. Customers along the route include the Port of Salem and Mannington Mills

34.
Winchester and Western Railroad
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The Winchester and Western Railroad is a shortline railroad operating from Gore through Winchester, Virginia and West Virginia to Hagerstown, Maryland. It also operates lines in southern New Jersey, connecting to Conrail Shared Assets Operations at Millville. A short ex-CNJ branch from Bridgeton to Seabrook was acquired later from the New Jersey Southern Railway in 1987, the W&W is exclusively a freight line with the majority of its freight supplied by the quarry of its parent company, Unimin, in Gore. In New Jersey, the W&W also serves Unimin sand interests, the idea of building such a conduit to tap these resources had been conceived during World War I when the traffic on the railways of the United States had been greatly increased. More railroad ties were needed to construct new railways and maintain the lines already in use. A way to transport the timbers to the tie mills in Winchester was needed. It sought to build a 40-mile narrow gauge line from Winchester to Wardensville which would bisect the rich lands in the possession of the Winchester Lumber Company. The Winchester Lumber Company sought the services of the Intermountain Construction Company to construct the line, Intermountain started the grading of the railroad line from east and west of Chambersville, located west of Winchester in Frederick County. Because of the supply and machinery shortages caused by World War I, Intermountain constructed the grade of the railroad using mule-powered scoops, sledgehammers. By August 1917, Intermountain had cleared a road for the rail track to Gainesboro and it began laying the rails. In January 1918, five months later, the first train carrying lumber headed into Winchester on the track from Gore. From Gore, the W&W turned southward through Back Creek valley toward Rock Enon Springs, on June 14,1919, a golden spike ceremony was planned on the West Virginia/Virginia line near Capon Springs with only fifteen miles until completion. After politicians from both Hampshire and Frederick Counties delivered speeches, Hugh B, cline, chairman of the Frederick County Board of Supervisors, and Judge F. B. Allen of the Hampshire County Court each hammered a spike, the golden spike celebration was then topped off with lunch at the Mountain House at Capon Springs Resort in Capon Springs. On May 25,1921, the Winchester and Western was finally completed to Wardensville, john J. Cornwells brother William B. Throughout the 1920s beginning in May 1921, the Winchester and Western was primarily a freight line with limited passenger service. The W&Ws first passenger car was literally an automobile bus placed on rails, the railbus made two round trips daily between Winchester and Wardensville with 17 intermediate stops along the way. The most popular of these intermediate stops was at Capon Springs Station where passengers would arrive to dine or vacation at the Capon Springs Resort, three automobile railbuses later made the two round trips between Winchester and Wardensville

35.
Aliquippa and Ohio River Railroad
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It lies between CSX Transportations ex-Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad line and the Ohio River, extending south from CSXs yard in northern Aliquippa to near the Ambridge-Aliquippa Bridge. Formerly known as the Aliquippa and Southern Railroad, its owner and primary customer was LTV Steel, the AOR now connects the Aliquippa Industrial Park, which occupies the LTV site, with CSX. The Jones and Laughlin Steel Company incorporated the Aliquippa and Southern Railroad in November 1906 to serve its new plant at Aliquippa, the majority of the line was opened by the end of 1910, and in 1921 the Interstate Commerce Commission declared it to be a common carrier. Although the vast majority of its service was to J&L, several local businesses shipped over the line. LTV Steel acquired J&L in 1968, and in 1985 it shut down most of the Aliquippa plant, the bankrupt LTV sold the railroad to the Ohio Central Railroad System in late 2002, and the newly created Aliquippa and Ohio River Railroad began operations on November 15. Major commodites shipped over the line include bricks, aggregates, the company was acquired by Genesee & Wyoming in 2008 as part of its purchase of the Ohio Central Railroad System

36.
Allegheny Valley Railroad
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The Allegheny Valley Railroad is a class III railroad that operates in Western Pennsylvania, and is owned by Carload Express, Inc. The AVRs mainline travels northward through Pittsburgh from an intersection with Norfolk Southern near Panther Hollow, the AVR uses the P&W Subdivision segment of the line to cross the Allegheny River on the 33rd Street Railroad Bridge to interchange with the B&P in Bakerstown and/or Evans City. The other segment serves industries along the namesake valley between Pittsburgh and Arnold. The Glenwood B&O Railroad Bridge is utilized by it as part of its branchline from the city to the exurb of Washington, a short spur line is the newest addition to the AVRs portfolio, it links the Allegheny Valley line with Sharpsburg via the Brilliant Branch Railroad Bridge. Before this section opened in 2003, the bridge and stretch of track had sat unused since 1976, currently, the AVR leases the Glenwood railyard from CSX in the Hazelwood neighborhood of Pittsburgh. They operate five GP11 engines, and three SD40 engines, AVR has also begun to conduct transloading operations within Glenwood yard itself, handling limestone unit trains and also sand for fracking. The current company, established in 1992 is an entity from the original Allegheny Valley Railroad. That line, affiliated with the Pennsylvania Railroad system, followed the present companys tracks to Arnold and continued beyond, the original Allegheny Valley Railroad transported oil from the vicinity of Oil Creek and Titusville. On February 20,1861, The Pittsburgh Post printed The Allegheny Valley Railroad, on February 5,1862, The Pittsburgh Gazette and Commercial Journal published Allegheny Valley Railroad—Annual Meeting of Stockholders. Allegheny Valley Railroad railfan page Carloadexpress

37.
Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad
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The Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad is a class II railroad that operates in northwestern Pennsylvania and northeastern Ohio. The railroads main route runs from the Lake Erie port of Conneaut, Ohio to the Pittsburgh suburb of Penn Hills, Pennsylvania, the original rail ancestor of the B&LE, the Shenango and Allegheny Railroad, began operation in October 1869. Rail operations were maintained continuously by various corporate descendants on the system that ultimately became the B&LE in 1900. In 2004 the B&LE came under the ownership of the Canadian National Railway as part of CNs larger purchase of holding company Great Lakes Transportation, as a subsidiary of CN the B&LE has been largely unchanged and still does business as the B&LE. The iron ore that originates on these lines is transloaded to ships at Twin Harbors, Minnesota, then sent by ship to Conneaut, Ohio, where it is again transloaded to B&LE trains. It is then taken down to mills in the Pittsburgh area, mainly to the blast furnaces at US Steels Edgar Thomson Plant in Braddock, Pennsylvania. Also, a few Canadian National locomotives, especially SD605422, are assigned to the line, on the return trip, Pennsylvania coal was hauled north to Conneaut Harbor. The company was created out of a series of small predecessor companies including the Pittsburgh, Shenango and Lake Erie Railroad. The company was renamed the Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad in 1900, Carnegie Steel had an exclusive 999-year lease to the PS&LE. This lease was acquired by US Steel when that company acquired Carnegie Steel in 1901, at the end of 1925 B&LE operated 228 miles of road on 631 miles of track, at the end of 1970 mileages were 220 and 489. In 1988 the Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad became part of Transtar, in 2001 the Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad became part of Great Lakes Transportation, LLC. On May 10,2004 Canadian National Railway acquired the Bessemer, iron ore and coal are still the routes major freight commodities. The B&LE connects with the Norfolk Southern Railway at Wallace Junction, near Girard, Pennsylvania, the Union Railroad connects at the B&LEs southern terminus at Penn Hills North Bessemer Yard. CSX connects at Shenango Yard, and the Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad connects at Calvin Yard in Butler, the B&LE formerly interchanged at Osgood, Pennsylvania with the New York Central System, later Penn Central Railroad and then Conrail, until the latter abandoned the line in 1988. The main rail yard and locomotive and car shops are in Greenville, because the B&LEs primary traffic is iron ore, it adopted rust-colored hoppers so the ore wouldnt produce noticeable stains on its cars. The B&LE carried passengers many years ago, and indeed kept a line from its main line east to Conneaut Lake Park amusement park for dropping off. The latter still winds down along the Little Shenango and Shenango Rivers into downtown Greenville, the B&LE constructed the shortcut K-O Line in 1901-02 to bypass the steep, winding route through Greenville. It then passes east of downtown Greenville at a high elevation

38.
Canadian National Railway
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The Canadian National Railway Company is a Canadian Class I railway headquartered in Montreal, Quebec that serves Canada and the Midwestern and Southern United States. CNs slogan is North Americas Railroad, CN is a public company with 24,000 employees. It had a capitalization of 32 billion CAD in 2011. CN was government-owned, having been a Canadian Crown corporation from its founding to its privatization in 1995, bill Gates was, in 2011, the largest single shareholder of CN stock. Its range once reached across the island of Newfoundland until 1988, the railway was referred to as the Canadian National Railways between 1918 and 1960, and as Canadian National/Canadien National from 1960 to the present. On November 17,1995, the government privatized CN. Over the next decade, the company expanded significantly into the United States, purchasing Illinois Central Railroad and Wisconsin Central Transportation, now primarily a freight railway, CN also operated passenger services until 1978, when they were assumed by Via Rail. The Newfoundland mixed trains lasted until 1988, while the Montreal commuter trains are now operated by Montreals AMT, the absorption of the Intercolonial Railway would see CNR adopt that systems slogan The Peoples Railway. The federal governments Department of Railways and Canals took over operation of the GTPR until July 12,1920, the Canadian National Railway was organized on October 10,1922. After several years of arbitration, the GTR was absorbed into CNR on January 30,1923, Canadian National Railways was born out of both wartime and domestic urgency. Railways, until the rise of the automobile and creation of taxpayer-funded all-weather highways, were the only viable long-distance land transportation available in Canada for many years. As such, their operation consumed a great deal of public, in the early 20th century, many governments were taking a more interventionist role in the economy, foreshadowing the influence of economists like John Maynard Keynes. This political trend, combined with broader geo-political events, made nationalization an appealing choice for Canada, the Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 and allied involvement in the Russian Revolution seemed to validate the continuing process. The need for a rail system was paramount in a time of civil unrest. CN Telegraph originated as the Great North West Telegraph Company in 1880 to connect Ontario and Manitoba, in 1915, facing bankruptcy, GNWTC was acquired by the Canadian Northern Railways telegraph company. When Canadian Northern was nationalized in 1918 and amalgamated into Canadian National Railways in 1921, CN Telegraphs began co-operating with its Canadian Pacific owned rival CPR Telegraphs in the 1930s, sharing telegraph networks and co-founding a teleprinter system in 1957. In 1967 the two services were amalgamated into a joint venture CNCP Telecommunications which evolved into a telecoms company, CN sold its stake of the company to CP in 1984. This led to the creation of a network of CNR radio stations across the country, as anyone in the vicinity of a station could hear its broadcasts the networks audience extended far beyond train passengers to the public at large

39.
Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad
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The Buffalo and Pittsburgh Railroad is a Class II railroad operating in New York and Pennsylvania. The BPRR is owned by Genesee and Wyoming and its main line runs between Buffalo, New York and Eidenau, Pennsylvania, north of Pittsburgh. Here, connections are made to the city center via the Allegheny Valley Railroad, the system runs largely on former Baltimore and Ohio Railroad lines. The entire BPRR system is 411 miles, major commodities carried include paper, petroleum products, chemicals, coal, steel, and sand. The Buffalo-Eidenau main line passes through Salamanca, NY, Bradford, PA, Johnsonburg, PA, DuBois, PA, Punxsutawney, PA, principal rail yards are located at Butler, Punxsutawney, and Buffalo, with support yards for local industry at other locations. Buffalo & Pittsburgh now is the user of the ex-PRR south of CP-GRAVITY in Buffalo. BPRR operates two key secondary lines, one runs between Erie and Johnsonburg along the former Allegheny and Eastern Railroad. Another is made up of former Pittsburg and Shawmut Railroad tracks, running from the Armstrong Power Plant in Reesedale to Freeport, the B&P also operates on the Low Grade between DuBois and Driftwood that was formerly used by the Pennsylvania Railroad, then Conrail. A portion of the former B&O Northern Subdivision is used to access to Petrolia. CSX Transportation also leases the P&W Subdivision to the B&P between Allison Park and the New Castle Yard in West Pittsburg, just outside New Castle, though the B&P ends in Allison Park, the railroad rarely traverses the line down to the borough. Instead, it transfers its goods to the AVR either in Evans City or Bakerstown depending on the amount of freight it has. Other owned and operated branch lines travel to Homer City, St. Marys, operations began in 1988 over mostly former Baltimore & Ohio Railroad lines. In the early 2000s, the BPRR merged other GWI railroads into it and these lines include the Allegheny and Eastern Railroad, Pittsburg and Shawmut Railroad, and the Bradford Industrial Railroad. Around 2005 the Indiana Subdivision, which had been out of use, was rehabilitated to serve the Homer City Generating Station, shortly after this, the Ridge Subdivision, which had seen a Norfolk Southern Railway coal train run-through to Shelocta was sold off to NS. In 2006, the railroad was honored as the Regional Railroad of the Year by industry trade journal Railway Age magazine

40.
Brandywine Valley Railroad
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The Brandywine Valley Railroad is a class III railroad operating in Pennsylvania. It was established in 1981 by the Lukens Steel Company to operate trackage at Coatesville, Pennsylvania and it was acquired, with the rest of the Lukens properties, by Bethlehem Steel Corporation in 1998. The Brandywine Valleys main line was built by the Wilmington and Northern Railroad, largely following the Brandywine Creek, to connect Reading with Wilmington. By the time of the Brandywine Valleys formation, the line had been abandoned north of Valley Station, under Bethlehem operation, BVRY took over operation of the Delaware Valley Railroad, then operating the remainder of the ex-Wilmington and Northern, in early 1999. This gave the railroad interchange access not only to Conrail at Coatesville and it also thus began to operate a connecting branch of the former Pennsylvania Railroad from Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania, on the W&N, to Nottingham. After the acquisition of Bethlehem Steels assets by International Steel Group in 2003, the ex-PRR line, also known as the Octoraro line, was taken over in that year by the Morristown and Erie Railroad. In 2005, the line south of Modena was turned over to the East Penn Railroad. With the merger of ISG in 2005, the railroad and steel plant were taken over by Mittal Steel Company, which became ArcelorMittal in 2006

41.
Central New York Railroad
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The Central New York Railroad is a shortline railroad operating local freight service along the ex-Erie Railroad Southern Tier Line in the U. S. states of New York and Pennsylvania. The line begins at Port Jervis, following the West Branch Delaware River to Deposit and the Susquehanna River from Lanesboro and it is a subsidiary of the Delaware Otsego Corporation, which also owns the New York, Susquehanna and Western Railway, operator of through trains over the line. The CNYK began operations on December 12,1972 between Cassville and Richfield Springs, New York, having purchased the trackage from the Erie Lackawanna Railway. The 21. 7-mile line was opened by the Utica, Chenango and Susquehanna Valley Railway in November 1872 as a branch, the CNYK suspended service in early 1988 and was authorized to abandon the line in August 1995, at which time the corporation became inactive. Delaware Otsego brought the CNYK back to life on December 31,2004, the line had been opened by the New York and Erie Railroad in December 1848, and passed through the Erie Lackawanna and Conrail to Norfolk Southern. When the CNYK leased the line, the Norfolk Southern retained overhead trackage rights to serve freight traffic

42.
Eastern Berks Gateway Railroad
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The Eastern Berks Gateway Railroad is a short-line railroad in Pennsylvania that runs from Boyertown south to Pottstown, where it interchanges with the Norfolk Southern Railway. The railroad was operated by U. S, rail Partners until 2013, when the Colebrookdale Railroad Preservation Trust took over. The Eastern Berks Gateway Railroad operates the 8. 6-mile long Colebrookdale Spur between Boyertown and Pottstown, in Pottstown, it interchanges with the Norfolk Southern Railway. The railroad is operated by the Colebrookdale Railroad Preservation Trust, the tracks the railroad operates on are owned by Berks County. The inaugural run of a passenger service geared towards railfan tourism took place on January 17,2014, the passenger line was ready for regular operation in October 2014 and is operated as the Colebrookdale Railroad. The Colebrookdale Railroad started building the line between Boyertown and Pottstown in 1865 and trains started running in 1869. The Colebrookdale Railroad was leased by the Reading Railroad who operated the line until 1976, Conrail planned to abandon the line, but the state of Pennsylvania acquired the line and hired operators. In March 2001, Berks County acquired the line for $155,000 to keep it active, the Colebrookdale Spur was abandoned by the East Penn Railroad in 2008. The Berks County Redevelopment Authority reactivated the line, with the Eastern Berks Gateway Railroad appointed to operate the line beginning in October 2010, the railroad is working on developing freight traffic on the line. The Eastern Berks Gateway Railroad was owned by U. S, rail Partners, which is based in Illinois. At the end of 2013, the Colebrookdale Railroad Preservation Trust took over operations of the Eastern Berks Gateway Railroad from U. S, in 2011, a tourist railroad was proposed to operate on the line. Tourist passenger operations began in early October 2014 with a series of trips, intended to work out any operational issues before the full. The Colebrookdale Railroad began regular tourist service on October 18,2014

43.
East Penn Railroad
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The East Penn Railroad is a short-line railroad that operates a number of mostly-unconnected lines in the U. S. states of Pennsylvania and Delaware. Except for two industrial park switching operations, all are former Pennsylvania Railroad or Reading Company lines, abandoned or sold by Conrail or its predecessors. ESPN was formed in 2007 through the merger of East Penn Railways and Penn Eastern Rail Lines, the railroad is owned by Regional Rail, LLC, which also owns the Middletown and New Jersey Railroad, Tyburn Railroad, and Conshohocken Recycling & Rail Transfer. East Penn Railroad was formed in 2007 by the merger of East Penn Railway, since the merger, the railroad has improved service and infrastructure on lines with customer growth potential, weaker lines were abandoned or sold off. 4.5 miles of track was returned to service, a yard was also constructed in Pocopson, Pennsylvania along the Wilmington & Northern. ESPN attempted to abandon the Colebrookdale line between Pottstown and Boyertown in 2008, it was purchased by Berks County. In 2010, the Chester Valley line between King of Prussia and Bridgeport was abandoned and subsequently sold to Montgomery County so that it can become a part of the Chester Valley Rail Trail. On August 1,2011, the East Penn Railroad began operations on the York Industrial Track between York and Stony Brook, taking over operations from Norfolk Southern, ESPN operates 114 miles of track in eastern Pennsylvania and northern Delaware with a roster of 14 locomotives. The railroad operates multiple disconnected segments with locomotives assigned to each segment, usually, two or three lines have service on a single day. The East Penn Railroad operates the railroad lines, Bristol – industrial park trackage in the Bristol, Pennsylvania area. Manheim – owns trackage in Manheim, Pennsylvania area, interchanging with NS, north East Philadelphia – trackage in Northeast Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, interchanging with CSAO in Bustleton. Octoraro – owns and operates trackage from end-of-track in Sylmar, Pennsylvania east to Chadds Ford, SEPTA still owns the passenger rights on the Octoraro Line. Perkiomen – owns and operates from Pennsburg, Pennsylvania north to interchange with NS in Emmaus, Quakertown – operates on SEPTA-owned trackage from Quakertown, Pennsylvania south to interchange with Pennsylvania Northeastern Railroad in Telford, Pennsylvania. Wilmington & Northern – owns and operates from interchange with CSX Transportation in Elsmere Junction, Delaware north to interchange with NS in Coatesville, also the Octoraro Line connects with the Wilmington & Northern line in Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania. York Industrial Track - operates trackage from interchange with NS in York, Pennsylvania to Stony Brook, Colebrookdale – operated from Boyertown, Pennsylvania south to interchange with NS in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. ESPN attempted to abandon the line in 2008, the Berks County Redevelopment Authority purchased the railroad that same year, and appointed the Eastern Berks Gateway Railroad to operate freight service. The Eastern Berks Gateway Railroad has left the line in late 2013 due to no or very little freight on the line, the Colebrookdale Railroad Preservation Trust was also created in 2011 for tourist railroad purposes. Tourist rail service began in October 2014 as the Colebrookdale Railroad, Chester Valley – owned and operated from King of Prussia, Pennsylvania north to interchange with NS in Bridgeport, Pennsylvania

44.
Everett Railroad
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The Everett Railroad is a short-line railroad that operates ex-Pennsylvania Railroad trackage in the Hollidaysburg area of the U. S. state of Pennsylvania. It runs freight trains over two lines, one from Brooks Mill and Sproul, and the other, owned by the Morrisons Cove Railroad, from Roaring Spring to Curryville. The Everett Railroad name refers to its location near Everett. The Everett Railroad was incorporated in April 1954 to take over a portion of the Huntingdon and Broad Top Mountain Railroad and Coal Company near Everett, conrail discontinued service on the then-Mt. Dallas Secondary in October 1982, severing the Everett Railroads ties to the outside world, the company was revived in May 1984, when it acquired a part of Conrails Bedford Secondary between Brooks Mill and Sproul. Completed in 1910 by the Bedford and Hollidaysburg Railroad, a predecessor of the Pennsylvania Railroad and this line had been constructed by the Pennsylvania Railroad itself in 1871. Simultaneously, the Everett Railroad acquired trackage rights to Hollidaysburg, and began operating the H&RS under contract

Allentown (Pennsylvania Dutch: Allenschteddel) is a city located in Lehigh County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is …

Trout Hall, built in 1770 by James Allen (son of Allentown founder William Allen), is the oldest house in Allentown. From 1867 to 1905, it served as the home of Muhlenberg College.

1926 tablet placed by the Daughters of the American Revolution at the Old Allentown Cemetery, Tenth and Linden Street, honoring American Revolutionary War patriots from Allentown. The Old Allentown Cemetery, just behind this monument, has the graves of many of the patriots whose names are inscribed on the memorial.

Carbondale City Hall, a monument to progress created in a place which would barely be populated without the Delaware and Hudson companies' transportation services leading to Carbondale rapidly becoming one of the early mining centers supplying the fuel needed for the American industrial revolution.