We report a novel form of xylem dysfunction in angiosperms: reversible collapse of the xylem conduits of the smallest vein orders that demarcate and intrusively irrigate the areoles of Quercus rubra leaves. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy revealed gradual increases in collapse from ~ -2 MPa down to ~ -3 MPa, saturating thereafter (to -4 MPa). Over this

For the past year we were very lucky to host Wally Fulweiler, a biogeochemist and ecosystem ecologist, (with a focus on the marine world!) (and just generally a cheerful, positive person!) from BU while she was on sabbatical! This summer she spent time sampling in Harvard forest, and also at the bottom of the sea in Alvin, the submarine! Now, with the new semester beginning, we will be seeing less of her - but will always treasure our time with a marine biologist in the lab!!!!!

Many changes have overcome the Holbrook lab in the past few weeks, in addition to the departure of Clem and Teressa, our dear year-long visiting professor from the University of Sao Paolo, Greg, multi-year undergrad, Laura, and summer high school intern, Evan, have recently headed back to their new/original intellectual homes. We miss them more than we can say! They filled our lab with unbelievable stories and laughter, creative thoughts, bountiful botanical (and other!) knowledge, inspiring work ethics, a passion for learning

With a very heavy heart we sent off Teressa and Clement with a goodbye cake-and-wine party. After 2 years as an amazing research scholar in our lab (and an amazing friend!), Teressa is heading to Trinidad (University of the West Indies) to start a PhD program in plant physiology; and after a summer of terrific science and volleyball playing, "Clem" will be returning back to Europe to continue his Masters program. We wish them both the best and will miss them very, very much!!