JR272A cruise objectives were to re-occupy a CTD transect from the Northwest Weddell Sea to South Georgia to study the properties of bottom water as it leaves the Weddell Sea and enters the Scotia Sea. This is part of BAS Polar Oceans core science. The end of the transect close to South Georgia was not completed but there was no sign of bottom water by the point we finished the transect. A mooring was also deployed in South Orkney trough to add to an existing array. A quick (about 6 hours) CTD survey of Cumberland Bay was also completed.

JR257 cruise objectives were to collect a suite of cores made up of diatom- and carbonate-rich sediments from the Polar Front Zone of the SW Atlantic to reconstruct past changes in oceanographic conditions and frontal migrations. The SW Atlantic region is particularly crucial in climate studies as it exerts a disproportionately large influence on Southern Ocean circulation and modification of deep waters. This work is part of the marine component of the Chemistry and Past Climate core science programme and cores collected on this cruise will help determine the role of the Southern Ocean in climate change. Unfortunately, changes to the schedule and the forecasted weather prevented us from exploring the sea mounts in the Georgia Basin for sediments but we were able to collect a promising suite of cores with varying amounts of carbonate material in them from the Falkland Plateau, the North Scotia Ridge (NSR) and the South Georgia continental shelf.

JR254E cruise was dedicated to WAGES (Waves, Aerosols and Gas Exchanges Study),which is a joint project of the National Oceanographic Centre-Southampton and the University of Leeds and is a follow-on from the UK-SOLAS, HiWASE, SEASAW and DOGEE projects.

Throughout the cruise, direct measurements were performed with free drifting and tethered SPAR buoys and also from the ship's underway system. The buoys were deployed in different wind and wave conditions which is essential to improve the parameterisation in terms of mean meteorological and sea-state variables.

An acoustic resonator designed to study bubble size distributions was mounted on one of the SPAR buoys and several deployments were also performed. This line of work has been developed by the University of Southampton.

Platform or instrument orientationVertical velocity of the water column (currents)Temperature of the water columnReference numbersDate and timeMoored instrument depthHorizontal velocity of the water column (currents)

Platform or instrument orientationVertical velocity of the water column (currents)Temperature of the water columnReference numbersDate and timeMoored instrument depthHorizontal velocity of the water column (currents)