A Reflection on the Theoretical Bases and Historical Necessities of the Legitimate Constitution Theory Proposed by Sheykh Fazlollah NooriAliMohammadTarafdariاستادیار تاریخ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهرانauthorJamalRezaeiاستادیار فقه و حقوق دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرجauthortextarticle2011perThe victory of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution in the era of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah-e Qajar was one of the greatest political and religious events in Iran’s contemporary history. Shi'a clergymen played a key role in this movement. They created a new range of views about the Constitution's political structure. These new viewpoints were based on the great heritage of the political Fiqh of Shi'a. Among these viewpoints, a group of clergymen presented the theory of Legitimate Constitution and tried to present a new reading of Shi’a political thoughts on the basis of Shi’a Fiqh. These new political thoughts discussed the criterions of legitimacy or illegitimacy of a government formed on the basis of that constitution. The theory of Legitimate Constitution aimed to maintain the ties of Iran’s Muslim community with the Islamic faith, and to counter the influence of Western secular thought.
Sheikh Fazlollah Noori is one of the most prominent clergymen in this movement, whose religious ideas about Iran’s Constitutional Revolution are analyzed theoretically and historically in this study. The main subject of the present study is to answer why, and under which historical circumstances and religious requirements, a group of Pro-Constitution clergymen - and ahead of them, Sheikh Fazlollah Noori - eventually turned against the Constitutional Movement and began to plan for Legitimate Constitution theory based on the Shi’a political Fiqh. To answer this question, Sheikh Fazlollah Noori’s own writings are studied. The main hypothesis of this study is that Sheikh Fazlollah Noori believed there were some basic contradictions between the Constitution and the fundamental principles of Islam. This caused his opposition against the Constitution to the point that he lost his life through this opposition. Less attention is paid to this subject by the scholars and historians who have done research on the Constitution, especially those who were against Sheikh Fazlollah and in favor of the Constitution. Ganjine-ye Asnadسازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران- پژوهشکده اسناد1023-365221

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2011621http://ganjineh.nlai.ir/article_1263_dfa8b6fc7dd1917f712763833ff1ab23.pdfSiaq, the Gateway to Modern AccountingMahdiMoradzadehfardاستادیار مدیریت مالی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرجauthorMohsenRoustaeiکارشناس ادبیات سازمان اسناد و کتابخانۀ ملی ایرانauthorAmirSoroushکارشناس ارشد حسابداریauthortextarticle2011perIn order to understand the foundation and beginning of any science, studying its origin and evolution is very significant. Studying and analyzing the history and background of a science can help us to achieve a better recognition of that science and to increase our interest in it. Many of the sciences have a clear history and background, but the history of accounting has never been comprehensively documented.
The present study aims to analyze the history of the double-entry bookkeeping system and to discover whether this accounting system is the same as the Iranian Siaq method of accounting, or whether they just have some points in common. For this purpose, the Siaq accounting method, with its history of at least 1400 years, is studied by a descriptive-analytical approach, and the required information is collected by library and documentary method of research.
This research concludes that although the double-entry bookkeeping system is not directly rooted in Siaq accounting, there are many commonalities between them. Siaq can be considered as a link between single entry and double entry accounting systemGanjine-ye Asnadسازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران- پژوهشکده اسناد1023-365221

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20112241http://ganjineh.nlai.ir/article_1264_dc0bf98939a45d376c024d2ec6beabc1.pdfMajma'ol-Sanaye' (An Experience of Modernity in Businesses of Royal Workshops During the Qajar Era)ShahramYousefifarدانشیار تاریخ ایران پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگیauthortextarticle2011perThe trend of scientific, social and cultural modernity in the Qajar period in Iran was intertwined with the establishment of special schools like Dar ul-Funun and Majma'ol-Sanaye'. There is some information available about Dar ul-Funun, but there is not enough information available about Majma’olsanaye’ school. The founding of this school was based on the old pattern of retail commodity manufacturing in royal estates. This school acted as a pioneering institute to launch some new manufacturing and technology fields, and to restore and improve some outmoded manufacturing fields in the Naseri Era. This was a unique experience in policy-making in the field of technology.
This research analyzes the history and development of Majma'ol-Sanaye' school. The main questions posed in this research are: How much was Majma'ol-Sanaye' school affected by the old pattern of Qajari royal estates disciplines, and how much was it affected by the new experience of modernity? What were the reasons for founding this school? And what evident effects did Majma'ol-Sanaye' school have on technology, art and culture of that era?
This research concludes that the foundation of the Majma'ol-Sanaye' school was based on a merging of a former experience of the governmental investment in urban manufacturing with the West's new experiences in this field. However, the government’s programming and policy making in this field faced different fundamental problems and obstacles which caused a final failure in the revolution which was expected to happen by founding this school. Ganjine-ye Asnadسازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران- پژوهشکده اسناد1023-365221

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20114264http://ganjineh.nlai.ir/article_1265_b7397d653672d3a2560fbfeb5d5f7b58.pdfA Record-Based Review of the Results of Prisoners’ Employment after Shahrivar 1320 (September 1941)AlirezaLotfiمربی حقوق جزا دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد خوی، وکیل پایه یک دادگستریauthortextarticle2011perThe idea of making use of prisons as a place for keeping criminals and sentenced individuals has always had its supporters and opponents. One of the disputes between these two groups is the prisoners’ employment and suitable placements in the light of their convictions; this issue is the main focus of this article. This research aims to inspect and explain different results of prisoners’ employment in Iran after Shahrivar 1320 (September 1941).
The reason for selecting this timeframe in this article is the changes in laws relating to prisoners in Iran in this period of time. Although several studies have so far been conducted about the opinions and attitudes of the authorities concerned, no credible research has been prepared and presented in this regard from a historical perspective and with particular reference to unpublished resources and documents,
This research tries to analyze the trend of developing laws of prisoners’ employment, and how these laws were implemented, on the strength of historical documents. For this purpose, a case study has been carried out on the Ghezel Hesar Prison as representative of changes in prisons and prisoners’ affairs in Iran, by considering their employment during the recent decades. This research also has taken into consideration the authorities’ altered attitudes towards prisoners’ rights during these decades.Ganjine-ye Asnadسازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران- پژوهشکده اسناد1023-365221

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20116685http://ganjineh.nlai.ir/article_1266_3e439e978220e39bbb9d1e0c6c9e6967.pdfA Model for Managing Digital Pictures of the National Archives of Iran, Based on the Open Archival Information System Reference ModelSaeedRezaei Sharifabadiدانشیار کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی دانشگاه الزهرا (س)authorMansourTajdaranاستادیار کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی دانشگاه الزهرا (س)authorZohrehRasouliدانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی دانشگاه الزهرا (س)authortextarticle2011perPurpose: The objective of the present study is to propose a model for managing the digital pictures available in the National Archives of Iran, based on the Open Archival Information System (OAIS) Reference model.
Methodology/Approach: The present study is based on the quantitative research and library study research method. The descriptive and analytical survey method is applied for data analysis. The required data is gathered by a researcher-made checklist. The statistical population included 32 experts in the field of digital information preservation who are familiar with OAIS. Twenty of these experts completed the questionnaire.
Findings: Taking into consideration the viewpoint of experts, 89 elements out of the 135 elements of the evaluation checklist are applied to present the proposed model of managing digital pictures of the National Archives of Iran.
Research value: Digital pictures are important documents that contribute significantly to fulfilling the information needs of their users. No research has been done before in the field of managing digital pictures available in National Archives of Iran based on OAIS.Ganjine-ye Asnadسازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران- پژوهشکده اسناد1023-365221

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20118697http://ganjineh.nlai.ir/article_1267_57d62f56e5242b1844cfaa1ca0fe2e19.pdfApplication of DACS Content Standard in Describing and Organizing Documents of Digital ArchivesFaezehTabatabai Amiriکارشناس ارشد کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهوازauthorAkramAhmadianکارشناس ارشد کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی دانشگاه شهید چمران اهوازauthortextarticle2011perPurpose: This research discusses the application of metadata in describing and organizing the information and documents of digital archives. It also presents a detailed account of the DACS content standard in describing the content objects available in digital archives.
Methodology/Approach: This research has been done by library methods. In this article, on the basis of a handbook for archives offered by the American Library Association in 2004, and also based on the parts and structure of the DACS content standard, the core elements for describing each of the content objects and entities available in digital archives are introduced
Research value: Since limited research has been carried out on content standards and the role of these standards in organizing the digital archives’ content objects, this article tries to introduce the DACS content standard and to present this standard's core elements table in order to reduce the problems of incompatibility, and help different archives in retrieving and exchanging their entities with other archives’ entities.
Findings: Based on the findings of this research, DACS is one of the content standards used in archives, for preparing sets of rules for describing Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts (APPM) and all types of content objects, with an emphasis on the digital world.
Conclusion: Standards like DACS provide an effective and coherent system for archives and archivists and therefore create the required coordination between different information collections.Ganjine-ye Asnadسازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران- پژوهشکده اسناد1023-365221

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201198113http://ganjineh.nlai.ir/article_1268_ed8151543b933e0e9b792f732e7d35a6.pdfComparative Study of Methods of Organizing Oral History Documents and Records from the Perspective of Some Oral History Centers in Iran and all over the WorldMahdiyehAmouzandeدانشجوی ارشد کتابداری و اطلاع رسانی دانشگاه الزهرا (س)authortextarticle2011perPurpose: The aim of this research is to study different methods of organizing oral history documents and records available in some oral history centers inside and outside Iran. It also aims to identify the most common organizing methods applied in oral history centers.
Methodology/Approach: This research is conducted by using a descriptive and analytical survey. The research population consists of 7 active centers of oral history inside Iran and 12 outside Iran. The geographic distribution of the centers is taken into account so that the population includes centers from various parts of the world. The required data is collected through interviews with officials of the oral history centers. Then a comparative assessment is conducted on the collected data in order to identify the most common organization methods applied in centers of oral history.
Findings: The findings suggest that about 86% of Iran’s oral history centers studied in this research usually use alphabetic order of the family name of interviewees for organizing oral history documents. The studies conducted in other countries’ oral history centers note that these centers apply completely different and various systems for organizing their oral history documents.
Conclusion: The research findings clearly indicate a lack of homogeneity and integration in organizing oral history documents and this must be noticed by relevant authorities. Ganjine-ye Asnadسازمان اسناد و کتابخانه ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران- پژوهشکده اسناد1023-365221