Heart, Frank

Manager of the team at BBN that designed and built the Interface Message Processors for the ARPAnet in 1969. Heart was a computer systems engineer and the head of BBN's computer systems division. In addition to his work on the APRAnet, he was a leader in the development of real-time computing systems at Lincoln Lab in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Heart is credited with moving beyond theory and building the physical attributes of what would later develop into the Internet.

Hopper, Grace

1906(b.)-1992(d.) Hopper developed the first compiler, A-0, which translated symbolic mathematical code into machine code. Using call numbers, the computer could retrieve subroutines stored on tape and then perform them. The A-2 became the first extensively used compiler, laying the foundations for programming languages. In 1952, she published her first paper on compilers. Despite opposition from peers, Hopper also developed the B-0 compiler, later know as FLOW-MATIC, which could be used for typical business tasks such as payroll calculation and automated billing. Using FLOW-MATIC, she taught UNIVAC I and II to understand 20 English-like statements by the end of 1956. By the time of her death, Hopper had published over 50 papers on software and programming languages. At the time of her death, Hopper held the rank of Rear Admiral (Ret.) in the U.S. Navy.