World History, Volume I

Why Rent from Knetbooks?

Because Knetbooks knows college students. Our rental program is designed to save you time and money. Whether you need a textbook for a semester, quarter or even a summer session, we have an option for you. Simply select a rental period, enter your information and your book will be on its way!

This is Volume I: To 1800 of WORLD HISTORY, Fourth Edition. Noted teachers and scholars William J. Duiker and Jackson J. Spielvogel present a balanced picture of world history, with all respect for the richness and diversity of the tapestry of the human experience. Critically and popularly acclaimed, their comprehensive text balances a global approach with attention to the unique character and development of civilization in divergent parts of the world. The text covers individual civilizations such as China, India, and Europe, with due attention paid to the rise of the West, and provides points of comparison between and among these civilizations. A wealth of primary-source documents, maps, and supplements enhance students' experience with the material. WORLD HISTORY is available in the following volume splits: WORLD HISTORY, Fourth Edition (Chapters 1-29) ISBN: 0534603637; WORLD HISTORY, Volume I: To 1800, Fourth Edition (Contains Chapters 1-17) ISBN: 0534603645; WORLD HISTORY, Volume II: Since 1400, Fourth Edition (Contains Chapters 13-29) ISBN: 0534603653; WORLD HISTORY, To 1400, Fourth Edition (Contains Chapters 1-12) ISBN: 0534603661.

CHRONOLOGIES

xxi

MAPS

xxii

PREFACE

xxiv

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

xxviii

A NOTE TO STUDENTS ABOUT LANGUAGES AND THE DATING OF TIME

xxx

THEMES FOR UNDERSTANDING WORLD HISTORY

xxii

THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS AND THE RISE OF EMPIRES (PREHISTORY TO 500 C.E.)

Chapter 1 First Civilizations: The Peoples of Western Asia and Egypt

2

(34)

The First Humans

3

(4)

The Hunter-Gatherers of the Paleolithic Age

3

(2)

The Neolithic Revolution, c. 10,000-4,000 B.C.E.

5

(2)

The Emergence of Civilization

7

(2)

Civilization in Mesopotamia

9

(6)

The City-States of Ancient Mesopotamia

9

(2)

Empires in Ancient Mesopotamia

11

(1)

The Culture of Mesopotamia

12

(3)

Egyptian Civilization: "The Gift of the Nile"

15

(7)

The Importance of Geography

15

(1)

The Old and Middle Kingdoms

16

(2)

Society and Economy in Ancient Egypt

18

(1)

The Culture of Egypt

18

(2)

Chaos and a New Order: The New Kingdom

20

(1)

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt: Family and Marriage

21

(1)

New Centers of Civilization

22

(6)

The Impact of the Indo-Europeans

23

(1)

The Phoenicians

24

(1)

The Hebrews: The "Children of Israel"

24

(4)

The Rise of New Empires

28

(5)

The Assyrian Empire

28

(3)

The Persian Empire

31

(2)

Conclusion

33

(1)

Chapter Notes

34

(1)

Suggested Reading

34

(2)

Chapter 2 Ancient India

36

(24)

Background to the Emergence of Civilization in India

37

(1)

Harappan Civilizations: A Fascinating Enigma

38

(2)

Political and Social Structures

38

(1)

Harappan Culture

39

(1)

A Lost Civilization?

40

(1)

The Arrival of the Aryans

40

(7)

The Early Aryans

40

(1)

The Mauryan Empire

41

(1)

Caste and Class: Social Structures in Ancient India

42

(3)

The Economy

45

(2)

Escaping the Wheel of Life: The Religious World of Ancient India

47

(5)

Hinduism

47

(2)

Buddhism: The Middle Path

49

(3)

The Rule of the Fishes: India After the Mauryas

52

(1)

The Exuberant World of Indian Culture

53

(4)

Literature

53

(1)

Architecture and Sculpture

54

(2)

Science

56

(1)

Conclusion

57

(1)

Chapter Notes

58

(1)

Suggested Reading

59

(1)

Chapter 3 China in Antiquity

60

(30)

The Land and People of China

61

(2)

The Dawn of Chinese Civilization: The Shang Dynasty

63

(2)

Political Organization

63

(1)

Social Structures

64

(1)

The Zhou Dynasty

65

(7)

Political Structures

65

(1)

Economy and Society

66

(1)

The Hundred Schools of Ancient Philosophy

67

(5)

The Rise of the Chinese Empire: The Qin and the Han

72

(8)

The Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.E.)

73

(3)

The Glorious Han Dynasty (202 B.C.E.-221 C.E.)

76

(4)

Daily Life in Ancient China

80

(3)

The Humble Estate: Women in Ancient China

82

(1)

Chinese Culture

83

(4)

Metalwork and Sculpture

83

(2)

Language and Literature

85

(1)

Music

86

(1)

Conclusion

87

(1)

Chapter Notes

88

(1)

Suggested Reading

88

(2)

Chapter 4 The Civilization of the Greeks

90

(30)

Early Greece

91

(3)

Minoan Crete

92

(1)

The Mycenaeans

93

(1)

The Greeks in a Dark Age (c. 1100-c. 750 B.C.E.)

94

(2)

Homer

94

(2)

The Greek City-States (c. 750-c. 500 B.C.E.)

96

(3)

The Polis

96

(1)

Colonization and The Rise of Tyrants

96

(1)

Sparta

97

(2)

Athens

99

(1)

The High Point of Greek Civilization: Classical Greece

99

(10)

The Challenge of Persia

100

(1)

The Growth of an Athenian Empire in the Age of Pericles

101

(1)

The Great Peloponnesian War and the Decline of the Greek States

102

(1)

The Culture of Classical Greece

102

(5)

Greek Religion

107

(1)

Daily Life in Classical Athens

107

(2)

The Rise of Macedonia and the Conquests of Alexander

109

(3)

Alexander the Great

109

(1)

The Legacy of Alexander

110

(2)

The Hellenistic Kingdoms

112

(2)

Economic and Social Trends

112

(2)

Culture in the Hellenistic World

114

(3)

New Directions in Literature and Art

115

(1)

A Golden Age of Science

115

(1)

Philosophy: New Schools of Thought

116

(1)

Religion in the Hellenistic World

117

(1)

Conclusion

117

(1)

Chapter Notes

118

(1)

Suggested Reading

118

(2)

Chapter 5 The World of the Romans

120

(30)

The Emergence of Rome

121

(1)

Early Rome

122

(1)

The Roman Republic

122

(2)

The Roman Conquest of Italy

122

(2)

The Roman State

124

(1)

The Roman Conquest of the Mediterranean (264-133 B.C.E.)

124

(3)

The Punic Wars

125

(1)

The Eastern Mediterranean

126

(1)

The Nature of Rornav Imperialism

127

(1)

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Republic (133-31 B.C.E.)

127

(3)

Growing Inequality and Unrest

127

(1)

A New Role for the Roman Army

128

(1)

The Collapse of the Republic

128

(2)

The Age of Augustus (31 B.C.E.-14 CE.)

130

(1)

Augustarv Society

131

(1)

The Early Empire (14-180)

131

(3)

The Five Good Emperors (96-180)

132

(1)

The Roman Empire at Its Height: Frontiers and the Provinces

132

(1)

Prosperity in the Early Empire

133

(1)

Culture and Society in the Roman World

134

(8)

Roman Literature

134

(2)

Roman Art

136

(1)

Roman Law

137

(1)

The Roman Family

137

(1)

Slaves and Their Masters

138

(1)

Imperial Rome

139

(2)

The Gladiatorial Shows

141

(1)

Transformation of the Roman World: The Development of Christianity

142

(3)

The Religious World of the Romans

142

(1)

The Jewish background

142

(1)

The Rise of Christianity

142

(2)

The Triumph of Christianity

144

(1)

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire

145

(1)

The Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine

145

(1)

The Fall of the Western Roman Empire

146

(1)

Comparison of the Roman and Han Empires

146

(2)

Conclusion

148

(1)

Chapter Notes

148

(1)

Suggested Reading

149

(1)

Reflection: The First Civilizations and the Rise of Empires

150

(4)

Part II NEW PATTERNS OF CIVILIZATION

154

(196)

Chapter 6 The New World

156

(26)

The First Americans

157

(1)

Early Civilizations in Central America

158

(13)

Teotihuacán: America's First Metropolis

158

(1)

The Mysterious Maya

159

(5)

The Aztecs

164

(7)

The First Civilizations in South America

171

(8)

Moche

171

(2)

The Inca

173

(3)

Stateless Societies in the New World

176

(3)

Conclusion

179

(1)

Chapter Note

180

(1)

Suggested Reading

180

(2)

Chapter 7 Islam and Byzantium

182

(28)

The Rise of Islam

183

(4)

The Role of Muhammad

184

(1)

The Teachings of Muhammad

184

(3)

The Arab Empire and Its Successors

187

(7)

Creation of an Empire

187

(1)

Succession Problems and the Rise of the Ummayads

188

(1)

The Abbasids

189

(2)

The Seljuk Turks

191

(1)

The Crusades

192

(1)

The Mongols

193

(1)

Islamic Civilization

194

(7)

The Wealth of Araby: Trade and Cities in the Middle Fast

194

(1)

Islamic Society

195

(1)

The Culture of Islam

195

(6)

The Byzantine Empire

201

(7)

The Reign of Justinian (527-565)

201

(3)

From Eastern Roman to Byzantine Empire

204

(1)

The Zenith of Byzantine Civilization

205

(2)

New Challenges to the Byzantine Empire

207

(1)

Impact of the Crusades

207

(1)

Conclusion

208

(1)

Chapter Notes

208

(1)

Suggested Reading

209

(1)

Chapter 8 Early Civilizations in Africa

210

(26)

The Land

211

(1)

The Emergence of Civilization

211

(7)

Kush

212

(1)

Axum, Son of Saba

213

(2)

The Sahara and Its Environs

215

(1)

East Africa

216

(1)

Southern Africa

217

(1)

The Coming of Islam

218

(7)

African Religious Beliefs Before Islam

218

(1)

The Arabs in North Africa

218

(1)

The Kingdom of Ethiopia: A Christian Island in a Muslim Sea

219

(2)

East Africa: The Land of Zanj

221

(1)

The States of West Africa

222

(3)

States and Stateless Societies in Southern Africa

225

(2)

Zimbabwe

226

(1)

African Society

227

(2)

Urban Life

227

(1)

Village Life

227

(1)

The Role of Women

227

(1)

Slavery

228

(1)

African Culture

229

(3)

Painting and Sculpture

229

(1)

Music

230

(1)

Architecture

230

(1)

Literature

231

(1)

Conclusion

232

(1)

Chapter Notes

233

(1)

Suggested Reading

233

(3)

Chapter 9 The Expansion of Civilization in Southern Asia

236

(26)

India from the Mauryas to the Mughals

237

(15)

The Kushan Kingdom: Linchpin of the Silk Road

237

(1)

The Gupta Dynasty

238

(1)

Buddhism at Bay

239

(3)

Islam on the March

242

(6)

Economy and Daily Life

248

(2)

The Wonder of Indian Culture

250

(2)

The Golden Region: Early Southeast Asia

252

(7)

Paddy Fields and Spices: The States of Southeast Asia

253

(3)

Daily Life

256

(1)

World of the Spirits: Religious Belief

257

(2)

Conclusion

259

(1)

Chapter Notes

260

(1)

Suggested Reading

261

(1)

Chapter 10 From the Tang to the Mongols: The Flowering of Traditional China

262

(28)

China After the Han

263

(2)

China Reunified: The Sui, the Tang, and the Song

265

(10)

Political Structures: The Triumph of Confucianism

268

(1)

Economy and Society

269

(6)

Explosion in Central Asia: The Mongol Empire

275

(3)

Mongol Rule in China

276

(2)

In Search of the Way

278

(4)

The Rise and Decline of Buddhism and Daoism

278

(3)

Neo-Confucianism: The Investigation of Things

281

(1)

The Apogee of Chinese Culture

282

(5)

Literature

282

(3)

Art

285

(2)

Conclusion

287

(1)

Chapter Notes

288

(1)

Suggested Reading

288

(2)

Chapter 11 The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Vietnam

290

(24)

Japan: Land of the Rising Sun

291

(15)

A Gift from the Gods: Prehistoric Japan

292

(1)

The Rise of the Japanese State

293

(4)

Economic and Social Structures

297

(4)

In Search of the Pure Land: Religion in Early Japan

301

(1)

Sources of Traditional Japanese Culture

301

(4)

Japan and the Chinese Model

305

(1)

Korea: Bridge to the East

306

(2)

The Three Kingdoms

306

(1)

Unification

307

(1)

Under the Mongols

308

(1)

Vietnam: The Smaller Dragon

308

(4)

The Rise of Great Viet

309

(2)

Society and Family Life

311

(1)

Conclusion

312

(1)

Chapter Notes

312

(1)

Suggested Reading

313

(1)

Chapter 12 The Making of Europe in the Middle Ages

314

(32)

Transformation of the Roman World

315

(5)

The New Germanic Kingdoms

315

(1)

The Role of the Christian Church

316

(2)

Charlemagne and the Carolingians

318

(2)

The World of Lords and Vassals

320

(3)

Invasions of the Ninth and Tenth Centuries

320

(1)

The Development of Fief -Holding

320

(2)

The Practice of Fief -Holding

322

(1)

The Nobility of the Middle Ages

322

(1)

Evolution of the European Kingdoms

323

(4)

England in the High Middle Ages

323

(1)

Growth of the French Kingdom

324

(1)

The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire

325

(1)

The Slavic Peoples of Central and Eastern Europe

325

(2)

The World of Peasants and Townspeople

327

(4)

The New Agriculture

328

(1)

The Manorial System

328

(1)

Daily Life of the Peasantry

329

(1)

The Revival of Trade

329

(1)

The Growth of Cities

330

(1)

Christianity and Medieval Civilization

331

(3)

The Papal Monarchy

332

(1)

New Religious Orders and New Spiritual Ideals

332

(2)

The Culture of the High Middle Ages

334

(2)

The Rise of Universities

334

(1)

The Development of Scholasticism

334

(1)

Romanesque Architecture

335

(1)

The Gothic Cathedral

336

(1)

The Expansion of Medieval Europe: The Crusades

336

(2)

The First Crusades

336

(2)

The Later Crusades

338

(1)

The Late Middle Ages: A Time of Troubles in Europe

338

(5)

The Black Death

338

(2)

Economic Dislocation and Social Upheaval

340

(1)

Political Instability

340

(2)

The Decline of the Church

342

(1)

Conclusion

343

(1)

Chapter Notes

344

(1)

Suggested Reading

345

(1)

Reflection: New Patterns of Civilization

346

(4)

Part III THE EMERGENCE OF NEW WORLD PATTERNS (1400-1800)

350

(159)

Chapter 13 Renewal, Reform, and State Building in Europe

352

(33)

The Renaissance

353

(8)

Renaissance Society

353

(1)

The Intellectual Renaissance

354

(2)

The Artistic Renaissance

356

(2)

The State in the Renaissance

358

(3)

The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century

361

(4)

Prelude to Reformation

361

(1)

Church and Religion on the Eve of the Reformation

362

(1)

Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany

362

(2)

Politics and Religion in the German Reformation

364

(1)

The Spread of the Protestant Reformation

364

(1)

The Social Impact of the Protestant Reformation

365

(1)

The Catholic Reformation

365

(3)

Europe in Crisis: War, Revolution, and Social Disintegration, 1560-1650