Prerequisites

Consumables

Filament

Distortions

Certain thermoplastics tend to warp if material cools to quickly, especially large parts. One of the commonly used are ABS.
A build surface that is heated in order to keep the base of an extruded part from cooling (and shrinking) too quickly. Such shrinking leads to warping internal stresses in RP parts. The most common result is corners of parts lifting off the build surface. Heated beds also usually yield higher quality finished builds.