59 Topic Early Civilizations EQ What were the

59 Topic: Early Civilizations EQ: What were the main believes in Islam? 60 The Rise of Islam - Muhammad founded Islam in Mecca - Vision from Angel Gabriel - Told to convert the Arab tribes to believe in one God (Allah) - Same God as the Jews and Christians Medina = city that Muhammad fled to in 622 AD - Became a popular religious leader Jihad = holy war (630 AD) - Gathered army, retook Mecca - Arabian peninsula united, converted to Islam Quran = sacred text of Islam - Records the words from God - References Jews and Christians - Forms of worship proper conduct, treatment of women 5 Pillars of Islam - Faith in 1 God - Prayer - Charity - Hajj – pilgrimage to Mecca - Fasting during the month of Ramadan

Overview of Islam ■ Around 600 AD, a new monotheistic religion began called Islam: – The faith was founded by the prophet Muhammad – His followers, called Muslims, spread Islam throughout the Middle East, Africa, Asia, & Europe

By 750 AD, Muslim leaders built an empire Muslim scholars focused on learning & developed numerous cultural achievements that are still used today The Islamic Empire connected diverse people through religion & trade

Overview of Islam Today, Islam is the world’s fastest growing religion with more than 1 billion followers throughout the world

What was Arabia like before Muhammad?

Arabia, the Birthplace of Islam The Arabian Peninsula is a desert region with little fertile soil or farming Most Arabs lived in desert tribes which were centered around families & were ruled by clans Arabia was not united under a single gov’t, but Arabs did have a common language (Arabic) Most Arabs were polytheistic

But, Arabia was the intersection of 3 continents Arabia, the Birthplace of Islam (Africa, Asia, & Europe) so it was an important region for trade & had lots of cultural diffusion One of the wealthiest trade cities in Arabia was Mecca was also a religious city; The Ka’aba was a cube that held statues of hundreds of gods Arabs made pilgrimages to Mecca to visit the Ka’aba

Who was Muhammad?

The Early Life of Muhammad ■ Muhammad’s early life: –He was born in Mecca in 570 into a poor clan, was orphaned at a young age, & was raised by his grandparents –As an adult, Muhammad became an honest & successful merchant –He married a wealthy widow & started a family

What happened to Muhammad in 610?

Mohammad & Islam ■ Muhammad created Islam: –Muhammad’s work brought him into contact with Jewish & Christian merchants –In 610, Muhammad was told by the angel Gabriel that he was a prophet sent to Earth by God –He began preaching a new monotheistic faith called Islam (“surrender to God”)

What is the basic concept of Islam?

Islam ■ Basic beliefs of Islam: The teachings of –Followers of Islam Mohammed were are called Muslims written down in the who believe in one Qur'an (Koran), the God, called Allah holy book of Islam –Allah is the same God worshiped by Jews & Christians –Muslims believe Muhammad was the last of God’s prophets

How did some people respond to Muhammad’s new religion?

The Hijrah ■ Reactions to Islam: –By 613, Muhammad began preaching his new ideas in Mecca –Some people were attracted to Islam –But, many people feared Muhammad’s growing popularity & that Mecca would lose its status as a holy city

How did Muhammad react to violence by non-Muslims in Mecca?

Islam Grows in Medina ■ After years of attacks, Muhammad & his followers fled to Medina –This migration was known as the Hijrah –In Medina, Muhammad gained new converts who put Islam above their families & clans –He taught respect for Christians & Jews (“People of the Book”)

What did Muhammad do after he gained converts & returned to Mecca?

Islam ■ In 630, Muhammad returned to Mecca with 10, 000 troops & conquered the city –He destroyed the god statues in the Ka’aba, leaving only the statue for Allah –This time, the people in Mecca converted to Islam –In 632, Muhammad died

What happened to Islam after Muhammad’s death?

The Islamic Empire ■ After Muhammad, Islamic leaders created an empire: –The Islamic Empire had well-trained troops that conquered nearby regions –The massive empire led to great wealth for Muslims & new opportunities to spread Islam

Closure Activity ■ Compare the roles of Moses, Jesus, & Muhammad in the development of the 3 major monotheistic religions –Match the terms from the word bank with the appropriate prophet Moses Jesus Muhammad

Monotheistic Word Bank • God = Allah • Believers are known as a Jew • Located in Middle East & North Africa • Holy book = Bible • Holy book = Qu’ran/ Koran • Holy City = Mecca • Holy City = Jerusalem • Located in Israel • Believers are known as a Muslim • Diffused by the Columbian Exchange • 5 Pillars of Faiths • Located in North & South America • Prophet = Jesus • Prophet = Muhammad • Believe they are the chosen ones • Believe Jerusalem to be a holy city