This study aimed to compare Mathematics and Science programs focusing on TIMSS content domains of Numbers and Biology that produced the largest achievement gap among students from Turkey and the USA. Specifically, it utilized the content analysis method within Turkish and New York State (NYS) frameworks. The procedures of study included matching the behaviors for the content domains of Numbers and Biology¸ as defined in the TIMSS 2007 framework, with the teaching program and guidebook for Mathematics courses (grades 6 through 8) in Turkey and NYS learning standards and core curriculum for Science and Mathematics for the U.S. Results of the study indicated differences between Turkey and NYS in terms of existence and distribution of and emphasis on TIMSS content domains of Numbers and Biology across the grade levels.