Methods :
Descriptive case series by retrospective chart review of DIME cases in a tertiary referral uveitis clinic from January 2009 to November 2015.

Results :
Drug-induced uveitis cases accounted for 9/1352 (0.6%) in the uveitis database, DIME was present in 4/9 patients (44.4%). Case 1: Woman, 57 years old, presented with late-onset chloroquine retinopathy and bilateral DIME 2 years after chloroquine cessation. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/60 in both eyes (BE). After multiple DIME relapses with Ozurdex® and systemic steroids, control was achieved with 25mg/w sc methotrexate. BCVA improved to 20/25 in both eyes (BE) for 2 years of follow up. Case 2: Woman, 59 years old, presented with crystalline retinopathy with bilateral DIME after tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer. BCVA was 20/120 in BE. DIME disappeared after Ozurdex® followed by oral prednisone starting at 30mg/d. However, BCVA improved to 20/100 in BE only, due to chronic photoreceptor layer damage. Case 3: 73 years old man presented with bilateral decreased vision after 1 year of vemurafenib treatment for BRAF+ metastatic melanoma. BCVA was 20/200 and 20/400 in the right (RE) and left eye (LE), respectively. Bilateral uveitis with DIME was observed in BE. After vemurafenib withdrawal, pars plana vitrectomy and Ozurdex® in BE, DIME decreased and BCVA reached 20/50 and 20/60 in the RE and LE, respectively. Case 4: Man, 51 years old, type 1 diabetic with stable non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) was diagnosed of multiple sclerosis and started beta 1a interferon (IFN). After 1 year of IFN treatment, he complained of bilateral blurred vision and miodesopsia. A prolipherative DR with repeated hemovitreous, subhyaloid haemorrhage and DIME was ascertained. Extensive bilateral panretinophotocoagulation along with IFN withdrawal, intravitreous bevacizumab and focal laser was able to reduce DIME and maintain BCVA to 20/25 in BE during 2 years of follow up.

Conclusions :
Novel and old drugs, as chloroquine, tamoxifen, vemurafenib or interferon can induce macular edema. DIME can be persistent and steroid-dependent despite inducing-drug cessation.

This is an abstract that was submitted for the 2016 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, Wash., May 1-5, 2016.