With every operation,there are a combination of advantages and disadvantages to be carefully weighed up. The decision made must be an informed one.

For some operations, such as this one you mention, neutering a female dog, the advantages heavily hugely outweigh the disadvantages, but the choice to do an operation of course must still be a carefully considered one.

The advantages line up approximately as follows:

Rereduce risk of unwanted pregnancies.

Reduce or eliminate the risk of breast cancersin female dogs. Breast cancers are common in elderly female dogs who have not had this operation,and they can be life-threatening.

Eliminatethe risk of testicular cancer in male dogs, which again can be life-threatening.