Management Information System

The system provides information on the past, present and project future and on relevant events
inside and outside the organization. It may be defined as a planned and integrated system for gathering relevant data, converting it into right information and supplying the same to the
concerned executives. The main purpose of MIS is to provide the right information to the right
people at the right time.
Management Information system is sets of inter-related procedures using IT infrastructure in
a business enterprise to generate and disseminate desired information. Such systems are de- signed to support decision-making by the people associated with the enterprise in the process of
attainment of its objectives. The business information system gets data and other resources of IT
infrastructure as input from the environment and process them to satisfy the information needs of different entities associated with the business enterprise.
This book incorporates following 15 chapters as well as Examples, Multiple Choice questions,
and review questions.
1. Fundamentals of information System
2. Developing MIS Systems
3. Introduction to MIS
4. Concept of Planning and control
5. Introduction to Value Chain
6. Managing knowledge in Information System
7. Business Applications of IT
8. Introduction to Enterprise Resource Planning
9. Customer Relationship Management
10. Introduction to Supply Chain Management
11. Procurement Management
12. Enterprise and Global Management
13. Security and Ethical Challenges of IT
14. Quality Assurance and Testing
15. Cyber Crimes and Privacy Issues
The book also contains six appendixes: Basics of Management, Basics of Information, Basics of
System, Computers & IT Related Techniques, Introduction to Decision Making and Glossary on
Management Information System.
Since rapid changes can be witnessed in the area of Information Technology and Management
Information System is not left untouched. I have taken my best efforts to incorporate the latest updates taking in the Management Information System. Furthermore your views, suggestions,
comments and recommendations are invited & will be highly appreciable. Simultaneously please
do not hesitate to write me at e-mail [email protected], and I promise you to revert at earliest. I have tried to bring the book free from errors. However, it is not unusual that certain
flaws might have crept into the body of the text. I take personal responsibility for the same and
request to let know of those misprints or mistakes. I assure the readers to remove them in the next addition of this book.

Chapter 1 Price: 2.99

The initial concept of information system was to process data from the organization and present it in the form of reports at regular intervals. The system was mostly capable of handling the data from collection to processing. It was more unfriendly, requiring each individual to pick and
choose the processed data and use it for his requirements. This concept was further modified
when a distinction was made between data and information. The information is a product of an analysis of data. This concept is similar to a raw material and the finished product. What are needed are information and not a mass of data. However, the data can be analyzed in a number of ways, producing different shades and specifications of the information as a product. It was, therefore, demanded that the system concept be an individual-oriented, as each individual may
have a different orientation. Towards the information. This concept was further modified, that
the system should present information in such a form and format that it creates an impact on its user, provoking a decision or an investigation.

Chapter 2 Price: 2.99

Nearly three decades ago the operations in an organization used to be limited and so it was
possible to maintain them using manual procedures. But with the growing operations of organi- zations, the need to automate the various activities increased, since for manual procedures it was becoming very difficult and cumbersome. Like maintaining records for a thousand plus employ- ees company on papers is definitely a cumbersome job. So, at that time more and more companies started going for automation.
Since there were a lot of organizations, which were opting for automation, it was felt that some
standard and structural procedure or methodology be introduced in the industry so that the transition from manual to automated system became easy. The concept of system life cycle came into existence then. Life cycle model emphasized on the need to follow some structured approach towards building new or improved system. There were many models suggested. A waterfall model was among the very first models that came into existence. Later on many other models like prototype, rapid application development model, etc., were also introduced.

Chapter 3 Price: 2.99

The system provides information on the past, present and project future and on relevant events
inside and outside the organization. It may be defined as a planned and integrated system for
gathering relevant data, converting it in to right information and supplying the same to the
concerned executives. The main purpose of MIS is to provide the right information to the right
people at the right time.
The Concept of management information systems originated in the 1960s and become the
byword of almost all attempts to relate computer technology and systems to data processing in
business . During the early 1960s , it became evident that the computer was being applied to the
solution of business problem in a piecemeal fashion, focusing almost entirely on the
computerization of clerical and recordkeeping tasks. The concepts of management information
systems was developed to counteract such in efficient development and in effective use of the
computer.

Chapter 4 Price: 2.99

An organizational plan is basically a to do list for an organization. It lists out the plan of work,
programs, and organizational growth over a period of time  six months, a year, a five years.
They can be pretty simple to create and use. Writing a plan can just mean getting a clear list of the
types of work that need to be done, the tasks involved, who is responsible for them, and when
theyll be done. Below is an outline of the steps for creating an organizational plan.
Decide on Categories:
First, think about all the work
that your organization does,
and list out
the general categoriesfor example, Fundraising, Community Outreach, Website, and so on.
Some big categories might be split upfor example, dividing Fundraising into Foundation
Grants and Grassroots Fundraising

Chapter 5 Price: 2.99

Value Chain Analysis describes the
activities that take place
in a business and
relates them to an
analysis of the competitive strength of the business. The value chain is a systematic approach to
examine the development of competitive advantage. M. E. Porter created it in his book, Competitive
Advantage (1980). The chain consists of a series of activities that create and build value. They
culminate in the total value delivered by an organization. The margin depicted in the diagram is
the same as added value. The organization is split into primary activities and support activities. To better understand the activities through which
a firm develops a competitive advantage
and creates shareholder value, it is useful to separate the business system into a series of value-
generating activities referred the value chain.

Chapter 6 Price: 2.99

A system approach is followed while managing organizations and that information, at the right
time and place, plays a pivotal role in todays corporate functions/activities. Information has
come to play a pivotal role and is regarded as a critical resource in view of the contemporary,
fiercely competitive business environment, both local
and global. It is, therefore, imperative that
organizations develop and continue to have current and appropriate information system to
ensure organizational effectiveness, efficiency and competitiveness.
Information systems have,
therefore, to be developed in
the peculiar and specific organizational
context. These activities related to/with development of information system are generally referred
to as System Development.

Chapter 7 Price: 2.99

The Internet provides an opportunity to create markets, and serve customers in ways hitherto
unimaginable. A couple of years ago many viewed
electronic commerce as simply trading using
online networks and EDI (Electronic Data Interchang
e). For them, the Internet was totally irrel-
evant and unsuitable for electronic commerce. Their views have changed! Many large compa-
nies and retailers are now flocking to the Internet. Many have suffered set-backs through rishing
into this new medium carrying over baggage from established practices, This briefing sets out
the scope of Internet commerce, indicates the opportunities and challenges, and gives insights
into the strategies of the entrepreneurs who are succeeding.

Chapter 8 Price: 2.99

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) integrates core business areas such as manufacturing, distri-
bution, financials and human resources. ERP is often implemented in companies together with
process-oriented organization or Supply Chain Management (SCM). In order to manage the infor-
mation-flow of such structures new IT-systems are generated  known as ERP-systems. IT-
systems of this kind allow managers from all departments to look vertically and horizontally
across the organization to see what others are accomplishing or not. It attempts to integrate all
departments and functions across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all
those different departments particular needs. ERP-systems also implement and automate busi-
ness processes, putting them into a useful format that is standardized across the corporation and
between their suppliers and customers. ERP-systems capture data about historical activity, cur-
rent operations and future plans and organize it into information people can use to help develop
business strategies.
In the ERP industry, the system
s are often referred to as
the 4Ms. Man, Money, Materials and
Machines. This type of system brings all four aspects of business together, giving them a
synergistic value. ERP is an enabling technology that can give corporations a strong competitive
edge. In addition, this technology is as close to virtual enterprises as business today has ever seen.

Chapter 9 Price: 2.99

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) solutions provide customer-oriented services for
planning, developing, maintaining, and expanding customer relationships, with special atten-
tion paid to the new possibilities offered by the Internet, mobile devices, and multi-channel
interaction. CRM enables a company to capture a consolidated customer view through multi-
channel interactions in a data warehouse solution.
Sophisticated analytical techniques are then applied to this customer information to better
understand and predict customer behaviour. CRM can then be used to strategically implement
acquired customer knowledge in every area of the company, from the highest management level
to all employees who come into direct contact with customers. CRM thus enables an organisation
to address its customers preferences and priorities much more effectively and efficiently. CRM is
a tool that can help organisations to profitably meet the lifetime needs of customers better than
their competitors.

Chapter 10 Price: 2.99

One of the most exciting trends today is the use of World Wide Web and Intranets in managing
the supply chains. Supply chain managementthe means by which firms engaged in creating,
distributing, and selling products could join forces to establish a supply network with an un-
beatable competitive advantage-has emerged as one of the most powerful business-improve-
ment tools around. Companies all over the world are pursuing supply chain as the latest method-
ology to reduce costs, increase customer satisfaction, better utilize assets, and build new rev-
enues. In this fiercely competitive environment, the gap between firms that are succeeding and
those that arent is rapidly expanding. In Advanced Supply Chain Management, leading expert
Charles Poirier presents the four levels of accomplishment that separate the successful firms
from the wannabes. He details these four levels, from the beginning stages to the most ad-
vanced techniques and processes. Each level is described in detail so a firm can calibrate itself and
determine what work remains to be done to close the gap.

Chapter 11 Price: 2.99

Procurement Management is tightly integrated with Accounting, Purchasing, and Job Costing.
Automated processes help ensure that materials are accurately tracked. Purchasing tools stream-
line the ordering of material from vendors, the issuing of subcontracts and the management of
materials-related documents. Easily account for materials received, invoiced, backordered, pro-
duced, and used. Procurement Management tracks purchase commitments, quantities, pricing,
and receipts (by job, work order, equipment part, or inventory). From start to finish, contractors
can streamline processes and maximize profits by having the right materials on site at the right
time.
With all the discussion of procurement and how it works in businesses, the biggest question is
does it actually save money? After all, thats the real bottom line. One large company that had an
annual purchasing expenditure of about $10 billion was able to shave over 15% off that amount
annually just by leveraging the buying power of all their worldwide divisions. Those numbers
clearly illustrate that, when done correctly, a procurement system can definitely save a company
money, as well as provide a number of other benefits, particularly to large companies that spend
a sizable chunk of their revenue on purchasing goods and services for their business.

Chapter 12 Price: 2.99

Unfortunately, businesses havent always worked as a unit. Production created business proc-
esses separately from Accounting. Sales and Marketing had their own systems, and so on. Usu-
ally none of the systems linked into the others within the same company (application specific
view). Most systems were intentionally created separately, since technology did not allow an
entire organization to feed from one big, integrated system.
Now technological advances have given corporations the computing capacity and the tools to
create a single system that can link all parts of the organization. With the explosion of the Internet,
the ability to bring vendors and suppliers into the organizations system is now available
through enterprise computing.

Chapter 13 Price: 2.99

We have, seen in our earlier chapter how Information Technology and Computers have brought
about a paradigm shift in the way the corporate organizations operate. We have also noted the
significant impact of IT and computers on the business processes, evolution of new Products/
Services, improved profits, global integration and more efficient and effective allocation and
utilization of resources, among others.
I.T. and computers have indeed heralded the Information Age. Resultantly, Information
itself has emerged as one of the most valuable and sought after RESOURCE, conferring competi-
tive advantage on those organizations, which have it.

Chapter 14 Price: 2.99

Information quality and quality of software, which is used for analyzing information, is major
concerned in any computerized organization. In this unit we will discuss the meaning of quality
assurance, Why software quality assurance is needed, the software quality, software quality
assurance, Management Role in Software Quality Assurance, Formal Quality Assurance
Measures/Structure and the ETHICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS in quality assurance.

Chapter 15 Price: 2.99

In the todays era of rapid growth, Information technology is encompassing all walks of life all
over the world. These technological developments have made the transition from paper to
paperless transactions possible. We are now creating new standards of speed, efficiency, and
accuracy in communication, which has become key tools for boosting innovations, creativity and
increasing overall productivity. Computers are extensively used to store confidential data of
political, social, economic or personal nature bringing immense benefit to the society.
The rapid development of Internet and Computer technology globally has led to the growth of
new forms of transnational crime especially Internet related. These crimes have virtually no
boundaries and may affect any country across the globe. Thus, there is a need for awareness and
enactment of necessary legislation in all countries for the prevention of computer related crime.
Globally Internet and Computer based commerce and communications cut across territorial
boundaries, thereby creating a new realm of human activity and undermining the feasibility and
legitimacy of applying laws based on geographic boundaries. This new boundary, which is made
up of the screens and passwords, separate the Cyber world from the real world of atoms.
Territorially based law-making and law-enforcing authorities find this new environment deeply
threatening.