Description:
In using this interactive on-line resource, you'll see a table
of cell and marginal means, an ANOVA summary table, and a graph
of the interaction. However, you can make changes in the cell
means, n, and/or the error mean square, and then look to see the
effect your change(s) on the ANOVA's 3 F-tests and the graph of
the interaction.

What to Do:

Click on the colored title of this on-line resource: "Two-Way
ANOVA (A)."

After clicking on "Begin," you'll get a new screen that
you should carefully examine simply so you know what's where.

First change one or more of the cell means to see the effect
of your change(s) on (a) the marginal means, (b) the ANOVA
summary table, and (c) the graph of the interaction.

Click "Default Means" to return to the original set-up.
Now change the "Group Size," observing the effect of this
change on (a) the marginal means, (b) the ANOVA summary table,
and (c) the graph of the interaction.

Click "Default Means" to return to the original set-up.
Now change the ""MSE" (the error MS) and see what happens
to (a) the marginal means, (b) the ANOVA summary table, and
(c) the graph of the interaction.

Sky Huck's Puzzle Question:
First, click on "Default Means." Now, leave everything as it is
but just imagine that you change each entry in the top
row of cell means from 5 to 19.5. If this change were to be made,
do you think the significant main effect for B would evaporate?
After making your guess, change the cell means to find out whether
or not your guess was right.

Description:
Although this site is non-interactive, it contains helpful text-based
information, an ANOVA summary table, and a graph of an interaction
that will reinforce things you've read in Chapter 13. The emphasis
is on the meaning of terms and proper interpretation, not the
computations needed to obtain results.

What to Do:

Click on the colored title of this on-line resource: "Two-Way
ANOVA (B)."

Read carefully what's said on each screen, and move to the
next screen by clicking the "Next" button.

You'll come across several words that are links to brief
but helpful explanations of what a term means. Don't pass
up the opportunity to gain a handle on these terms by using
the available links.

Sky Huck's Puzzle Question:
Assuming equal sample sizes, how many individuals were in each
cell of the study involving the effects of drug dosage and task
complexity on completion time?

Description:
This interactive on-line resource allows you to specify the means,
SDs, and sample sizes for each of the cells in a 2x2 design. Then,
you'll be given the calculated F-values and accompanying p-levels
for the 2 main effects and the interaction.

What to Do:

Click on the colored title of this on-line resource: "Two-Way
ANOVA (C)."

On the next screen that pops up, you'll see 4 gray boxes,
each representing a cell in the 2x2 design. (These cells are
labeled A1B1, A2B1, A1B2, and A2B2, with the "A" and "B" representing
the columns and rows, respectively, while the "1" and "2"
represent the 1st and 2nd level of each factor.)

Enter any values you'd like for the mean, SD, and n of each
cell.

Click on the "Calculate" button and then scroll down on
the box to the right of the 4 cells to see the F- and p-values.

Repeat Steps 3 and 4 several times until you get a feel
for the impact on the F-values of (a) making n smaller or
larger, (b) making the SDs smaller or larger, and (c) having
means that are closer together or further apart.

Sky Huck's Puzzle Question:
Start with each M = 10, each SD = 10, and each n = 100. Next,
verify that all 3 Fs = 0. Now, change 1 or more of the means by
only 1 point so as to have pp=.999
for the interaction.

Description:
Although this site is non-interactive, it contains helpful text-based
information and tables that will help you understand why and how
researchers sometimes perform post hoc tests on the main effect
means. A clear example is included.

What to Do:

Click on the colored title of this on-line resource: "Post
Hoc Tests (A)."

Read carefully what's said on the 1st screen, and move to
the next screen by clicking the "Next" button. The 3rd of
the 3 screens will probably not be of much help.

You'll come across several words that are links to brief
but helpful explanations of what a term means. Don't pass
up the opportunity to gain a handle on these terms by using
the available links.

Sky Huck's Puzzle Question:
How many comparisons would be made in the hypothetical study if
all possible pairwise comparisons were to be made between Factor
A's main effect means?

Description:
Although this site is non-interactive, it contains helpful text-based
information and graphs that will help you understand why and how
researchers sometimes perform tests of simple main effects. A
clear example from a 2x2 ANOVA is included.

What to Do:

Click on the colored title of this on-line resource: "Post
Hoc Tests (B)."

Read carefully what's said on each of the 3 screens, moving
from one to another by clicking on the "Next" or "Previous"
buttons.

You'll come across several words that are links to brief
but helpful explanations of what a term means. Don't pass
up the opportunity to gain a handle on these terms by using
the available links.

Sky Huck's Puzzle Question:
If tests of simple main effects compared the two tasks, first
at the "Control" condition and then a second time at the "Treatment"
condition, both of these tests might yield a statistically significant
result. Cite 2 reasons why the 1st of these tests might turn out
to be significant even though the graph shows that the cell means
are quite close together.