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Presentation on theme: "Early Republic A New Nation"— Presentation transcript:

3 Section 1 – The First President Taking office…Washington was the top vote getter2nd runner up was John Adams – becomes the Vice-PresidentApril 30, 1789 – inaugurated/sworn in New York CityInauguration – the ceremony in which the President takes the oath of office

4 Taking office…All eyes were on him – everything he did set a precedent for following presidentsPrecedent – an act or a decision that sets an example for others to follow.Congress decided to call him“Mr. President”

5 Washington faced several major challenges as he worked to create a functioning federal republic as he worked to establish the foreign and domestic policies for the United StatesDefine the authority of the central governmentCreate a stable economic systemBuild a militaryMaintain national securityConduct foreign relationsEnter into treaties with Indian tribes

6 The First Cabinet…Congress created departments to help the President lead the nationSecretary of WarSecretary of TreasurySecretary of StateAttorney General

8 Economic Problems… $54 million in national debtNational debt: the total amount of money that a government owes to othersHamilton created a plan that reflected his belief in a strong central governmentThought that the government should encourage business and industry (free enterprise)

9 Hamilton’s Financial Plan (as Secretary of Treasury)Pay off all war debtsCreate a national bankEstablish a whiskey taxCreate protective tariffsEstablish the nation’s creditPlace to deposit collected taxesLed to Whiskey RebellionEnded up hurting American businesses and farmers

10 Hamilton’s Financial Plan (as Secretary of Treasury)He also promised to build a new capital city in Virginia (later named Washington DC)

11 Hamilton’s Financial Plan (as Secretary of Treasury)The only part of Hamilton’s plan that was not approved was the protective tariff

12 THOUGHT SPOTImagine you are a representative in Congress in Would you have supported Hamilton’s financial plan? Why or why not?

13 ConflictMadison and Jefferson believed Hamilton’s plan would only benefit the wealthyThey also believed the Constitution did not give the federal government the right to create a national bankA rift begins to form among Washington’s government officials, andpolitical parties begin to arise

14 First 2 Political PartiesFederalistsDemocratic-Republicans (often called just Republicans)

18 Federalists vs. Democratic-RepublicansConstitutional ViewsFederalistsDemocratic-Republicans“Loose” – should take necessary steps to govern the nation“Strict” – should only have powers stated in the Constitution

22 Federalists vs. Democratic-RepublicansWho Should VoteFederalistsDemocratic-RepublicansOnly those who own property (wealthy)Open to all adult males

23 Whiskey Rebellion…Farmers living west of the Appalachian Mountains often converted their excess grain into whiskey, which was easier to carry over the mountains than bushels of grainThe new federal whiskey tax imposed by Congress caused great hostility among them

24 Whiskey Rebellion…Farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax and threatened tax collectorsWashington quickly called up the militia to put down the rebellionWashington was ready to use force, but the rebel farmers fled before any fighting took placeProved the federal government was not afraid to use military force to enforce the law

25 Whiskey Rebellion…The WHISKEY REBELLION tested the will of the new government. Washington’s quick response proved to Americans that their new government would act firmly in times of crisis. The President also showed those who disagreed with the government that violence would not be tolerated.

27 Setting Up the Courts…Constitution created the Supreme Court but left many things for Congress to decide, such as…the # of justiceshow much power the Supreme Court would havecreation of the federal court system

28 Judiciary Act of 1789Set up federal courts with the power to reverse state court decisionsWashington named John Jay as the first Chief Justice

29 Washington’s Foreign Policy & the French Revolution 1789French farmers and poor – rebelled against King and Queen (who were beheaded)French people wanted a constitution with rights — like the US hadAmerica’s success in the American Revolution influenced the French Revolution

30 Washington’s Foreign Policy & the French Revolution 1789France declared war on Britain in 1793US was put in an awkward positionJefferson – US should help because the French helped us in the American RevolutionHamilton – but Britain’s trade was too important to risk for war

31 Washington’s Foreign Policy & the French Revolution 1789Washington issued the Proclamation of Neutrality in April 1793Stated that US would not get involved in European affairsPresident Washington refused to help the French against their governmentThis was a defeat to Jefferson; this along with other defeats led Jefferson to leave the cabinet

32 Most Important Precedent…Refused to run 3rd termWorried the executive branch would be too powerfulFollowed until 1940

33 Washington Retires Served from 1789-1797Greatly admired by the American people8 years in officecreated national unity2nd term – difficult due tosplits in political ideology

34 Farewell Advice – AVOID PDA!US should remain neutral dealing with other countries – avoid alliancesPolitical differences could weaken the nation – DO NOT split into political parties!Avoid national debt

35 Washington’s Farewell Address“ Tis our true policy to steer clear ofpermanent Alliances, with any portion of theforeign nations … to have them as littlepolitical connection as possible.”– George WashingtonFarewell Address, 1796Washington did not oppose foreign trade,but rejected alliances that could drag thenation into war. His advice guided foreignpolicy for many years!