Employees of the social networking service Airbnb work in San Francisco.
Photograph: Ole Spata/dpa/Corbis

A battle over one of the US’s most expensive rental markets intensified this week when thousands of San Francisco residents petitioned the city to restrict home sharing websites such as Airbnb.

More than 15,000 signed a petition calling for more oversight as well as new restrictions on the number of nights hosts can offer.

They are among critics of the booming digital home-sharing market who claim it has caused skyrocketing prices and evictions as landlords, including bigger property firms and developers, turf out residents looking for higher returns by using the websites.

Advocates of Airbnb, though, counter that restricting it just hurts middle-class owners who use it to rent out spare rooms and that it is bigger players in the rental market outside the home-sharing sites who are causing the high costs.

The signatures were on a petition delivered on Monday to the city’s planning department for a ballot initiative in November that would tighten the rules.

Currently Airbnb hosts can offer rentals for 90 days a year when not present at the home or as many as 265 days when they are there. The petition, however, proposes a 75-day limit on hosting, quarterly reports from platforms offering services, and civil court options if the planning department does not react to complaints in a timely manner.

The move comes only months after San Francisco put forward a number of regulations on hosts, which the activists – led by the San Francisco Tenants Union and the San Francisco Apartment Association – argue has done little to affect how people and corporations use apartments for short-term rentals.

There are almost 10,000 Airbnb listings in the city out of approximately 400,000 in the market. Airbnb, which originated in the city and is valued at $25bn, and its San Francisco for Everyone campaign, demonstrated on Monday against the initiative, saying it will hurt everyday people.

The petition comes after Mayor Ed Lee’s announcement of a new Office of Short Term Rental Administration and Enforcement aimed at registering hosts and investigating violations. The city has already passed an ordinance limiting rentals to 120 days annually. It coincided with letters sent to 15 hosts for allegedly making residential units into 73 full-time hotels.

Airbnb argues that regulations like the ballot initiative will hurt the middle class more than anyone else. “This is a Trojan horse proposal designed to effectively ban home sharing and make it harder for middle-class families to stay in the city they love,” Christopher Nulty, a public affairs representative with Airbnb and spokesman for the company’s San Francisco for Everyone campaign, said in a statement. “San Francisco already has common sense reforms that were put in place this year by the mayor and the board of supervisors. The poorly written measure is full of loopholes and language intended to trick voters, including provisions that would outlaw in-law units rentals, create different rules for different communities and make San Francisco the first city in the country to encourage neighbors to spy on their neighbors.”

Although San Francisco has become the focal point in the battle over home-sharing, other cities in the US are establishing their own regulations. Santa Monica, an affluent city near Los Angeles, passed in May a new ordinance that requires the host to be present when hosting someone. It will also levy a 14% hotel tax on hosts and will require business licenses, free of charge, for hosts.

New York City has similar restrictions on short-term rentals. Unless the property is a licensed bed-and-breakfast or similar establishment, the host must be present. Fines for violations range from $1,000 to $5,000. European countries like France and Germany are also looking at cracking down on the short-term rental market.

New Orleans has passed similar restrictions as well, prohibiting property owners from renting a room for less than 30 days, or less than 60 days in the popular French Quarter. But Airbnb continues to argue regulation is hurting average people the most.

“Now, more than ever, we should be focused on making it possible for middle-class families to stay in this city and contribute to the community. Elected officials, business and civic leaders have joined together with our community of thousands of middle class hosts to oppose this harmful measure,” added Nulty.

According to the website Zumper, which details rental prices across the country, the median one-bedroom apartment in San Francisco is $3,460. The result of increasing rental prices has been a string of evictions, and housing activists and citizens are worried that if action is not taken to deliver affordable housing for the middle class, the wealth gap in the city will continue to grow. It is currently on par with Rwanda and nearing Guatemala in terms of inequality.

This article was amended on 26 May 2016 as a result of a fact-checking investigation. Quotes that could not be verified have been removed. The article was also amended to clarify that a quote by Airbnb representative Christopher Nulty was taken from a written statement.