Technicians Exam-FCC Rules

T1A01 For whom is the Amateur Radio Service intended?
A. Persons who have message to broadcast to the public
B. Persons who need communications for the activities of their immediate family members, relatives and friends
C. Persons who need two-way communications for personal reasons
D. Persons who are interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest

D. Persons who are interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest

[97.3(a)(4)] — The FCC definition of the amateur service is, “A radio communications service for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigation carried out by amateurs, that is, duly authorized persons interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest.” Pecuniary means “related to money or payment,” including trade or barter, so amateurs are expected to use Amateur Radio only because they have a personal interest in radio and in radio communications. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-3]

T1A02 What agency regulates and enforces the rules for the Amateur Radio Service in the United States?
A. FEMA
B. The ITU
C. The FCC
D. Homeland Security

C. The FCC

[97.5] — Part 97 of the Federal Communication Commission’s Rules governs the Amateur Radio Service in the United States. It is the FCC that enforces those rules. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-2]

T1A03 Which part of the FCC rules contains the rules and regulations governing the Amateur Radio Service?
A. Part 73
B. Part 95
C. Part 90
D. Part 97

D. Part 97

The Amateur Service is defined by and operates according to the rules in Part 97 of the FCC’s rules. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-1]

T1A04 Which of the following meets the FCC definition of harmful interference?
A. Radio transmissions that annoy users of a repeater
B. Unwanted radio transmissions that cause costly harm to radio station apparatus
C. That which seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radio communication service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations
D. Static from lightning storms

C. That which seriously degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly interrupts a radio communication service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations

[97.3(A)(23)] — A transmission that disturbs other authorized communications is called harmful interference. FCC Rules define harmful interference as, “Interference which endangers the functioning of a radionavigation service or of other safety communication service operating in accordance with the Radio Regulations.” Not all interference is harmful. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-7]

T1A05 What is the FCC Part 97 definition of a space station?
A. Any multi-stage satellite
B. An Earth satellite that carries one of more amateur operators
C. An amateur station located less than 25 km above the Earth’s surface
D. An amateur station located more than 50 km above the Earth’s surface

D. An amateur station located more than 50 km above the Earth’s surface

[97.3(a)(40)] — Space stations are defined as amateur stations located more than 50 km above the Earth’s surface, such as amateur satellites and stations on the International Space Station (ISS) or space shuttle. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-5]

T1A06 What is the FCC Part 97 definition of telecommand?
A. An instruction bulletin issued by the FCC
B. A one-way radio transmission of measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument
C. A one-way transmission to initiate, modify or terminate functions of a device at a distance
D. An instruction from a VEC

C. A one-way transmission to initiate, modify or terminate functions of a device at a distance

[97.3(a)(43)] — Telecommand signals are one-way transmissions intended to initiate, modify or terminate functions of the controlled device. For example, the digital signals used to control a model aircraft are telecommand signals. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 6-35]

T1A07 What is the FCC Part 97 definition of telemetry?
A. An information bulletin issued by the FCC
B. A one-way transmission to initiate, modify or terminate functions of a device at a distance
C. A one-way transmission of measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument
D. An information bulletin from a VEC

C. A one-way transmission of measurements at a distance from the measuring instrument

[97.3(a)(45)] — Related to telecommand signals (see question T1A06), telemetry signals are one-way transmissions as well, but send back measurements or status information from a measuring instrument or system. For example, a signal carrying the temperature of a repeater transmitter’s enclosure is telemetry. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 6-35] *T1A06 - [97.3(a)(43)] — Telecommand signals are one-way transmissions intended to initiate, modify or terminate functions of the controlled device. For example, the digital signals used to control a model aircraft are telecommand signals. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 6-35]

T1A08 Which of the following entities recommends transmit/receive channels and other parameters for auxiliary and repeater stations?
A. Frequency Spectrum Manager
B. Frequency Coordinator
C. FCC Regional Field Office
D. International Telecommunications Union

B. Frequency Coordinator

[97.3(a)(22)] — Repeaters input and output frequency pairs are fixed and have a common offset in each region. This enables the maximum number of repeaters to use the limited amount of spectrum. To keep order, a committee of volunteers known as a frequency coordinator recommends transmit and receive frequencies. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-15]

T1A09 Who selects a Frequency Coordinator?
A. The FCC Office of Spectrum Management and Coordination Policy
B. The local chapter of the Office of National Council of Independent Frequency Coordinators
C. Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be auxiliary or repeater stations
D. FCC Regional Field Office

C. Amateur operators in a local or regional area whose stations are eligible to be auxiliary or repeater stations

[97.3(a)(22)] — The frequency coordinator representatives are selected by the local or regional amateurs eligible to be auxiliary or repeater stations. This ensures participation by local amateurs and is a good example of self-regulation. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-15]

T1A10 What is the FCC Part 97 definition of an amateur station?
A. A station in an Amateur Radio Service consisting of the apparatus necessary for carrying on radio communications
B. A building where Amateur Radio receivers, transmitters, and RF power amplifiers are installed
C. Any radio station operated by a non-professional
D. Any radio station for hobby use

A. A station in an Amateur Radio Service consisting of the apparatus necessary for carrying on radio communications

[97.3(a)(5)] — The FCC defines an amateur station as, “A station licensed in the amateur service, including the apparatus necessary for carrying on radio communications.” A circular-sounding definition, but remember that the definitions are used in specific legal regulations. What the FCC is saying is that a station that conducts radio communications as required by the amateur service rules in Part 97 meets the definition of an amateur station. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-3]

T1A11 Which of the following stations transmits signals over the air from a remote receive site to a repeater for retransmission?
A. Beacon station
B. Relay station
C. Auxiliary station
D. Message forwarding station

C. Auxiliary station

[97.3(a)(7)] — To extend their range and to hear signals blocked by obstacles, repeaters often employ remote receivers. The signals from these receivers are then transmitted by an auxiliary station to the repeater’s transmitter site for retransmission. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 6-18]

T1B01 What is the ITU?
A. An agency of the United States Department of Telecommunications Management
B. A United Nations agency for information and communication technology issues
C. An independent frequency coordination agency
D. A department of the FCC

B. A United Nations agency for information and communication technology issues

[97.3(a)(28)] — The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is an international body of the United Nations that has responsibility for organizing the various radio services on a worldwide basis. This includes arranging international telecommunications treaties, as well as administrative responsibilities such as call signs and frequency allocations. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-16]

[97.301(a)] — The 23 centimeter band extends from 1240 to 1300 MHz in ITU Region 2, which includes North and South America. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-10]

T1B07 What amateur band are you using if you are transmitting on 223.50 MHz?
A. 15 meter band
B. 10 meter band
C. 2 meter band
D. 1.25 meter band

D. 1.25 meter band

[97.301(a)] — The 1.25-meter band extends from 222 to 225 MHz in ITU Region 2, which includes North and South America. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-10]

T1B08 What do the FCC rules mean when an amateur frequency band is said to be available on a secondary basis?
A. Secondary users of a frequency have equal rights to operate
B. Amateurs are only allowed to use the frequency at night
C. Amateurs may not cause harmful interference to primary users
D. Secondary users are not allowed on amateur bands

C. Amateurs may not cause harmful interference to primary users

[97.303] — A radio service that is designated as the primary service on a band is protected from interference caused by other radio services. A radio service that is designated as the secondary service must not cause harmful interference to, and must accept interference from, stations in a primary service. The amateur service has many different frequency bands. Some of them are allocated on a primary basis and some are secondary. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-14]

T1B09 Why should you not set your transmit frequency to be exactly at the edge of an amateur band or sub-band?
A. To allow for calibration error in the transmitter frequency display
B. So that modulation sidebands do not extend beyond the band edge
C. To allow for transmitter frequency drift
D. All of these choices are correct

D. All of these choices are correct

[97.101(a)] — Amateurs are allowed to use any frequency within a band, but you have to be careful when operating near the edge of the band. The rule is that all of your signal must remain within the band. Since your radio displays the carrier frequency, you have to remember to leave room for the signal’s sidebands. For example, if your FM voice signal is 15 kHz wide, your carrier frequency (in the center of the signal) should never be less than 7.5 kHz from the band edge. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 2-9]

[97.305(c)] — Above 50 MHz, the only bands that are divided in any way are 6 meters, 2 meters and 1.25 meters. Both 6 meters and 2 meters have small CW-only sub-bands. 1.25 meters has a separate sub-band from 219-220 MHz in which data signals for fixed message forwarding systems are permitted. Otherwise, there are no mode restrictions in and above the 70 cm band. All of the separation of modes on those bands is according to band plans. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-13]

T1C01 What emission modes are permitted in the mode-restricted sub-bands at 50.0 to 50.1 MHz and 144.0 to 144.1 MHz?
A. CW only
B. CW and RTTY
C. SSB only
D. CW and SSB

A. CW only

[97.305 (a)(c)] — A small CW segment is set aside for beacon stations and types of operation that involve very weak signals, such as moonbounce and meteor scatter. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-13]

T1B12 Which type of call sign has a single letter for both the prefix and suffix?
A. Vanity
B. Sequential
C. Special event
D. In-memoriam

C. Special event

[97.3(a)(11)(iii)] — Any FCC-licensed amateur or club can also obtain a special 1×1 (1-by-1) call sign such as W3X or K6P for a short-duration special event of significance to the amateur community. These call signs are special because they only have one letter in both the prefix and suffix. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-21]

T1C02 Which of the following is a valid US amateur radio station call sign?
A. KMA3505
B. W3ABC
C. KDKA
D. 11Q1176

B. W3ABC

Every amateur call sign has a prefix and a suffix. In the US, an amateur call sign prefix consists of one or two letters and one numeral. The suffix consists of one to three letters. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-18]

T1C03 What types of international communications are permitted by an FCC-licensed amateur station?
A. Communications incidental to the purposes of the amateur service and remarks of a personal character
B. Communications incidental to conducting business or remarks of a personal nature
C. Only communications incidental to contest exchanges, all other communications are prohibited
D. Any communications that would be permitted on an international broadcast station

A. Communications incidental to the purposes of the amateur service and remarks of a personal character

[97.117] — International treaties limit amateurs to communications for the purposes of the amateur service or remarks of a personal nature. This helps separate commercial and amateur communications. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-18]

T1C04 When are you allowed to operate your amateur station in a foreign country?
A. When the foreign country authorizes it
B. When there is a mutual agreement allowing third party communications
C. When authorization permits amateur communications in a foreign language
D. When you are communicating with non-licensed individuals in another country

A. When the foreign country authorizes it

[97.107] — Amateur radio is not authorized by all countries! If amateur radio is authorized, you must be licensed according to that country's regulations. Your US amateur license may suffice if there is a reciprocal operating agreement between the US and the foreign country, enabling you to operate your radio according to the rules of that country. There are three types of agreement: the International Amateur Radio Permit (IARP), the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administration (CEPT) agreement, and international reciprocal agreements between the foreign country and the US. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-17]

T1C05 What must you do if you are operating on the 23 cm band and learn that you are interfering with a radiolocation station outside the United States?
A. Stop operating or take steps to eliminate the harmful interference
B. Nothing, because this band is allocated exclusively to the amateur service
C. Establish contact with the radiolocation station and ask them to change frequency
D. Change to CW mode, because this would not likely cause interference

A. Stop operating or take steps to eliminate the harmful interference

[97.303(h)] — Not all US amateur allocations are allocated to amateurs worldwide. Where there are competing allocations and another service is considered the primary user, the amateur service is considered to be secondary use. (See question T1B08.) [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-15] *T1B08 - [97.303] — A radio service that is designated as the primary service on a band is protected from interference caused by other radio services. A radio service that is designated as the secondary service must not cause harmful interference to, and must accept interference from, stations in a primary service. The amateur service has many different frequency bands. Some of them are allocated on a primary basis and some are secondary. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-14]

T1C06 From which of the following may an FCC-licensed amateur station transmit, in addition to places where the FCC regulates communications?
A. From within any country that belongs to the International Telecommunications Union
B. From within any country that is a member of the United Nations
C. From anywhere within ITU Regions 2 and 3
D. From any vessel or craft located in international waters and documented or registered in the United States

D. From any vessel or craft located in international waters and documented or registered in the United States

[97.5(a)(2)] — Vessels and crafts documented or registered in the United States are bound by US rules and regulations. In addition, you must have permission to transmit and when you are inside a country’s national boundaries, including territorial waters, you are required to operate according to their rules. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-17]

T1C07 What may result when correspondence from the FCC is returned as undeliverable because the grantee failed to provide the correct mailing address?
A. Fine or imprisonment
B. Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license
C. Require the licensee to be re-examined
D. A reduction of one rank in operator class

B. Revocation of the station license or suspension of the operator license

[97.23] — The FCC requires you to maintain a valid current mailing address in their database at all times. This is so you can be contacted by mail, if needed. If you move or even change PO boxes, be sure to update your information using the FCC ULS online system. If you do not maintain a current address and mail to you is returned to the FCC as undeliverable, your license can be suspended or revoked and removed from the database. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-8]

T1C08 What is the normal term for an FCC-issued primary station/operator license grant?
A. Five years
B. Life
C. Ten years
D. Twenty years

C. Ten years

[97.25(a)] — The FCC issues all amateur licenses for a 10-year term. You should always renew your license for another 10-year term before it expires. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-7]

T1C09 What is the grace period following the expiration of an amateur license within which the license may be renewed?
A. Two years
B. Three years
C. Five years
D. Ten years

A. Two years

[97.21(b)] — If you do forget to renew your license, you have up to two years to apply for renewal without having to take the exams again. After the two-year grace period, you will have to retake the exams. Your license is not valid during this two-year grace period, however, and you may not operate an amateur station with an expired license. All that the grace period implies is that the FCC will renew the license if you apply during that period. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-7]

T1C10 How soon may you operate a transmitter on an amateur service frequency after you pass the examination required for your first amateur radio license?
A. Immediately
B. 30 days after the test date
C. As soon as your name and call sign appear in the FCC’s ULS database
D. You must wait until you receive your license in the mail from the FCC

C. As soon as your name and call sign appear in the FCC’s ULS database

[97.5(a)] — Your Amateur Radio license is valid as soon as the FCC grants the license and posts the information about your license in their database. You don’t have to wait for the actual printed license to arrive by mail before you begin to transmit! You can check the FCC database using the FCC Web site or by using an Internet call sign lookup service. The ARRL maintains a call sign lookup service on the ARRL Web site, www.arrl.org. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-7]

T1C11 If your license has expired and is still within the allowable grace period, may you continue to operate a transmitter on amateur service frequencies?
A. No, transmitting is not allowed until the ULS database shows that the license has been renewed
B. Yes, but only if you identify using the suffix “GP”
C. Yes, but only during authorized nets
D. Yes, for up to two years

A. No, transmitting is not allowed until the ULS database shows that the license has been renewed

[97.21(b)] — You may not transmit while your amateur license is expired. You must renew your license before you may transmit. (See also question T1C10.) [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-7] *T1C10 - [97.5(a)] — Your Amateur Radio license is valid as soon as the FCC grants the license and posts the information about your license in their database. You don’t have to wait for the actual printed license to arrive by mail before you begin to transmit! You can check the FCC database using the FCC Web site or by using an Internet call sign lookup service. The ARRL maintains a call sign lookup service on the ARRL Web site, www.arrl.org. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-7]

T1D01 With which countries are FCC-licensed amateur stations prohibited from exchanging communications?
A. Any country whose administration has notified the ITU that it objects to such communications
B. Any country whose administration has notified the United Nations that it objects to such communications
C. Any country engaged in hostilities with another country
D. Any country in violation of the War Powers Act of 1934

A. Any country whose administration has notified the ITU that it objects to such communications

[97.111] — You may converse with amateurs in foreign countries unless either amateur’s government prohibits the communications. (There are times when a government will not allow its amateurs to talk with people in other countries.) [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-18]

T1D02 On which of the following occasions may an FCC-licensed amateur station exchange messages with a U.S. military station?
A. During an Armed Forces Day Communications Test
B. During a Memorial Day Celebration
C. During a Independence Day celebration
D. During a propagation test

A. During an Armed Forces Day Communications Test

[97.111(a)(5)] — In general, hams can’t communicate with non-amateur services, but the FCC may allow hams to talk to non-ham services at certain times or during a declared communications emergency. RACES operators may communicate with government stations during emergencies. The FCC also permits ham-to-military communication on Armed Forces Day. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-13]

T1D03 When is the transmission of codes or ciphers allowed to hide the meaning of a message transmitted by an amateur station?
A. Only during contests
B. Only when operating mobile
C. Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft
D. Only when frequencies above 1280 MHz are used

C. Only when transmitting control commands to space stations or radio control craft

[97.113(a)(4), 97.211(b), 97.217] — You can’t use codes or ciphers (also known as encryption) to obscure the meaning of transmissions. This means you can’t make up a “secret” code to send messages over the air to a friend. However, there are special exceptions. Control signals transmitted for remote control of model craft are not considered codes or ciphers. Neither are telemetry signals, such as a satellite might transmit to report on internal conditions. A space station (satellite) control operator may use specially coded signals to control the satellite. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-12]

T1D04 What is the only time an amateur station is authorized to transmit music?
A. When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications
B. When the music produces no spurious emissions
C. When the purpose is to interfere with an illegal transmission
D. When the music is transmitted above 1280 MHz

A. When incidental to an authorized retransmission of manned spacecraft communications

[97.113(a)(4), 97.113(e)] — Under FCC Rules, amateurs may not transmit music of any form. Retransmitting music from a broadcast program on a radio in your car or shack is also prohibited — so turn the radio down when you’re on the air! There is one exception to the “No Music” rule. If you obtain special permission from NASA to retransmit the audio from a space shuttle mission or the International Space Station for other amateurs to listen, and during that retransmission NASA or the astronauts play some music over the air, that’s OK. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-12]

T1D05 When may amateur radio operators use their stations to notify other amateurs of the availability of equipment for sale or trade?
A. When the equipment is normally used in an amateur station and such activity is not conducted on a regular basis
B. When the asking price is $100.00 or less
C. When the asking price is less than its appraised value
D. When the equipment is not the personal property of either the station licensee or the control operator or their close relatives

A. When the equipment is normally used in an amateur station and such activity is not conducted on a regular basis

[97.113(a)3] — You are permitted to let other amateurs know that you have Amateur Radio equipment for sale or trade. This is a common practice on local “swap-and-shop” nets. The equipment or materials must be normally used in ham radio! You are also prohibited from selling or trading on a regular basis. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-11]

T1D06 Which of the following types of transmissions are prohibited?
A. Transmissions that contain obscene or indecent words or language
B. Transmissions to establish one-way communications
C. Transmissions to establish model aircraft control
D. Transmissions for third party communications

A. Transmissions that contain obscene or indecent words or language

[97.113(a)(4)] — Amateurs may not use obscene or indecent language — it is prohibited by the FCC Rules. Amateur Radio transmissions are public and anyone of any age can hear them. Depending on conditions and frequency, they might be heard anywhere in the world. There is no list of “words you can’t say on Amateur Radio”, but bear in mind the public nature of our communications and avoid any questionable language. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-11]

T1D07 When is an amateur station authorized to automatically retransmit the radio signals of other amateur stations?
A. When the signals are from an auxiliary, beacon, or Earth station
B. When the signals are from an auxiliary, repeater, or space station
C. When the signals are from a beacon, repeater, or space station
D. When the signals are from an Earth station, repeater, or space station

B. When the signals are from an auxiliary, repeater, or space station

[97.113(f)] — Retransmitting the signals of another station is also generally prohibited, except when you are relaying messages or digital data from another station. Some types of stations (repeaters, auxiliary and space stations) are allowed to automatically retransmit signals on different frequencies or channels. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-12]

T1D08 When may the control operator of an amateur station receive compensation for operating the station?
A. When engaging in communications on behalf of their employer
B. When the communication is incidental to classroom instruction at an educational institution
C. When re-broadcasting weather alerts during a RACES net
D. When notifying other amateur operators of the availability for sale or trade of apparatus

B. When the communication is incidental to classroom instruction at an educational institution

[97.113] — An exception to the prohibition of being compensated to operate is that teachers may use ham radio as part of their classroom instruction. In that case, they can be a control operator of a ham station, but it must be incidental to their job and can’t be the majority of their duties. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-11]

T1D09 Under which of the following circumstances are amateur stations authorized to transmit signals related to broadcasting, program production, or news gathering, assuming no other means is available?
A. Only where such communications directly relate to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property
B. Only when broadcasting communications to or from the space shuttle.
C. Only where noncommercial programming is gathered and supplied exclusively to the National Public Radio network
D. Only when using amateur repeaters linked to the Internet

A. Only where such communications directly relate to the immediate safety of human life or protection of property

[97.113(b)] — Hams are specifically prohibited from assisting and participating in news gathering by broadcasting organizations, but when the immediate safety of human life or property is involved and normal communications are unavailable, they may use whatever type of communications are necessary. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-12]

T1D10 What is the meaning of the term broadcasting in the FCC rules for the amateur services?
A. Two-way transmissions by amateur stations
B. Transmission of music
C. Transmission of messages directed only to amateur operators
D. Transmissions intended for reception by the general public

D. Transmissions intended for reception by the general public

[97.3(a)(10)] — For the purposes of radio regulation, broadcasting means the transmission of information intended for reception by the general public. These broadcast transmissions may either be direct or relayed. Rules for Amateur Radio, a two-way communications service, prohibit broadcasting by amateur stations. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-12]

T1D11 Which of the following types of communications are permitted in the Amateur Radio Service?
A. Brief transmissions to make station adjustments
B. Retransmission of entertainment programming from a commercial radio or TV station
C. Retransmission of entertainment material from a public radio or TV station
D. Communications on a regular basis that could reasonably be furnished alternatively through other radio services

A. Brief transmissions to make station adjustments

[97.113(a)(5)] — If you need to make a short transmission to test an antenna or make adjustments to your radio, make sure you identify your station by sending or speaking your call sign. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-3]

T1E01 When must an amateur station have a control operator?
A. Only when the station is transmitting
B. Only when the station is being locally controlled
C. Only when the station is being remotely controlled
D. Only when the station is being automatically controlled

A. Only when the station is transmitting

[97.7(a)] — All amateur transmissions must be made under the supervision of a control operator whose job it is to be sure FCC Rules are followed. This is true even if the station is operating under automatic control. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-1]

T1E02 Who is eligible to be the control operator of an amateur station?
A. Only a person holding an amateur service license from any country that belongs to the United Nations
B. Only a citizen of the United States
C. Only a person over the age of 18
D. Only a person for whom an amateur operator/primary station license grant appears in the FCC database or who is authorized for alien reciprocal operation

D. Only a person for whom an amateur operator/primary station license grant appears in the FCC database or who is authorized for alien reciprocal operation

[97.7(a)] — A control operator must be named in the FCC amateur license database or be an alien with reciprocal operating authorization. (An alien is a citizen of another country.) This is a simple requirement — the FCC has to know who you are, that you are licensed, and where you can be contacted. Any licensed amateur can be a control operator. [Ham Radio License Manual, pages 8-1, 8-2]

T1E03 Who must designate the station control operator?
A. The station licensee
B. The FCC
C. The frequency coordinator
D. The ITU

A. The station licensee

[97.103(b)] — The control operator doesn’t have to be the station licensee and doesn’t even have to be physically present at the transmitter, but all amateur transmissions are the responsibility of a control operator. The station licensee is responsible for designating the control operator. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-1]

T1E04 What determines the transmitting privileges of an amateur station?
A. The frequency authorized by the frequency coordinator
B. The class of operator license held by the station licensee
C. The highest class of operator license held by anyone on the premises
D. The class of operator license held by the control operator

D. The class of operator license held by the control operator

[97.103(b)] — An amateur station may transmit in any way permitted by the privileges of the control operator’s license class. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-2]

T1E05 What is an amateur station control point?
A. The location of the station’s transmitting antenna
B. The location of the station transmitting apparatus
C. The location at which the control operator function is performed
D. The mailing address of the station licensee

C. The location at which the control operator function is performed

[97.3(a)(14)] — This sounds like a circular definition, but the rule allows for an amateur station to be controlled from a remote location or even under automated control by devices and procedures that ensure proper operation. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-2]

T1E06 Under which of the following types of control is it permissible for the control operator to be at a location other than the control point?
A. Local control
B. Automatic control
C. Remote control
D. Indirect control

B. Automatic control

[97.109(d)] — Under automatic control, the station operates completely under the control of devices and procedures that ensure compliance with FCC rules. A control operator is still required, but need not be at the control point when the station is transmitting. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-10]

T1E07 When the control operator is not the station licensee, who is responsible for the proper operation of the station?
A. All licensed amateurs who are present at the operation
B. Only the station licensee
C. Only the control operator
D. The control operator and the station licensee are equally responsible

D. The control operator and the station licensee are equally responsible

[97.103(a)] — Regardless of license class, both the control operator and station owner are responsible for proper operation of the station. The control operator is responsible for any transmissions made by the station and the licensee is responsible for controlling access to the station. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-2]

T1E08 What type of control is being used for a repeater when the control operator is not present at a control point?
A. Local control
B. Remote control
C. Automatic control
D. Unattended

C. Automatic control

[97.109(d)] — Under automatic control, the station operates completely under the control of devices and procedures that ensure compliance with FCC rules. A control operator is still required, but need not be at the control point when the station is transmitting. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-10]

T1E09 What type of control is being used when transmitting using a handheld radio?
A. Radio control
B. Unattended control
C. Automatic control
D. Local control

D. Local control

[97.109(a)] — Because the operator is directly manipulating the transmitter, this is local control. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-10]

T1E10 What type of control is used when the control operator is not at the station location but can indirectly manipulate the operating adjustments of a station?
A. Local
B. Remote
C. Automatic
D. Unattended

B. Remote

[97.3] — Because the transmitter is manipulated by the control operator through a control link, this is remote control. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-10]

T1E11 Who does the FCC presume to be the control operator of an amateur station, unless documentation to the contrary is in the station records?
A. The station custodian
B. The third party participant
C. The person operating the station equipment
D. The station licensee

D. The station licensee

[97.103(a)] — The FCC will presume the station licensee to be the control operator unless there is a written record to the contrary. This is another reason why you should keep a logbook. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-2]

T1F01 What type of identification is being used when identifying a station on the air as “Race Headquarters”?
A. Tactical call
B. Self-assigned designator
C. SSID
D. Broadcast station

A. Tactical call

Tactical call signs (or tactical IDs) are used to help identify where a station is and what it is doing. Examples of tactical calls include “Waypoint 5,” “First Aid Station,” “Hollywood and Vine” and “Fire Watch on Coldwater Ridge.” [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-3]

T1F02 When using tactical identifiers, how often must you transmit the station’s FCC-assigned call sign?
A. Never, the tactical call is sufficient
B. Once during every hour
C. Every ten minutes
D. At the end of every communication

C. Every ten minutes

[97.119(a)] — In addition to using the tactical identifier, identification using the station’s FCC-assigned call sign is still required as stated in the FCC Rules. (See question T1F03.) [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-4] *T1F03 - [97.119(a)] — FCC regulations are very specific about station identification. You must identify your station every 10 minutes (or more frequently) during a contact and at the end of the contact. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-3]

T1F03 When is an amateur station required to transmit its assigned call sign?
A. At the beginning of each contact, and every 10 minutes thereafter
B. At least once during each transmission
C. At least every 15 minutes during and at the end of a contact
D. At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a contact

D. At least every 10 minutes during and at the end of a contact

[97.119(a)] — FCC regulations are very specific about station identification. You must identify your station every 10 minutes (or more frequently) during a contact and at the end of the contact. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-3]

T1F04 Which of the following is an acceptable language for use for station identification when operating in a phone sub-band?
A. Any language recognized by the United Nations
B. Any language recognized by the ITU
C. The English language
D. English, French, or Spanish

C. The English language

[97.119(b)(2)] — You can use any language you want to communicate with other amateurs, even Esperanto! Amateur Radio provides you a great opportunity to practice your foreign language skills with other hams that speak that language. When you give your identification as a US station, however, you must use English. Foreign stations may have a similar requirement to use their native language when identifying their transmissions. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-3]

T1F05 What method of call sign identification is required for a station transmitting phone signals?
A. Send the call sign followed by the indicator RPT
B. Send the call sign using CW or phone emission
C. Send the call sign followed by the indicator R
D. Send the call sign using only phone emission

B. Send the call sign using CW or phone emission

[97.119(b)] — The call sign ID must be transmitted with an emission type authorized for the transmitting frequency, so station transmitting phone signals must identify its transmissions by means of spoken call signs or Morse code. The sending speed of a CW ID must not exceed 20 WPM (words per minute) if keyed by an automatic device used only for identification, a common practice for repeater stations. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-3]

T1F06 Which of the following formats of a self-assigned indicator is acceptable when identifying using a phone transmission?
A. KL7CC stroke W3
B. KL7CC slant W3
C. KL7CC slash W3
D. All of these choices are correct

D. All of these choices are correct

[97.119(c)] — An indicator is words, letters or numerals appended to and separated from your call sign during identification. When operating away from your home station, you should add an indicator to your call sign so that other stations are aware of your location. For instance, you might add the word “mobile” to your call sign when you operating from your car on your way to work. This is important if using your regular call sign would be confusing. If Alaska resident KL7CC is operating from a location in the 3rd district, he would give his call sign as “KL7CC/W3.” The added “/W3” is a self-assigned indicator. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-4]

T1F07 Which of the following restrictions apply when appending a self-assigned call sign indicator?
A. It must be more than three letters and less than five letters
B. It must be less than five letters
C. It must start with the letters AA through AL, K, N, or W and be not less than two characters or more than five characters in length
D. It must not conflict with any other indicator specified by the FCC rules or with any call sign prefix assigned to another country

D. It must not conflict with any other indicator specified by the FCC rules or with any call sign prefix assigned to another country

[97.119(c)] — A self-assigned indicator is not allowed to conflict with some other indicator specified in the FCC rules, such as AG or AE that indicate an upgraded license class. It may not conflict with a prefix assigned to some other country. For example, adding the indicator /M to indicate mobile operation is not allowed because M is an English prefix, but /MOB is permitted because MOB is not a prefix from another country. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-4]

T1F08 When may a Technician Class licensee be the control operator of a station operating in an exclusive Extra Class segment of the amateur bands?
A. Never
B. On Armed Forces Day
C. As part of a multi-operator contest team
D. When using a club station whose trustee is an Extra Class operator licensee

A. Never

[97.105(b)] — If you are the control operator of a station, you may only operate according to your license privileges. (See question T1E04.) [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-2] *T1E04 - [97.119(b)(2)] — You can use any language you want to communicate with other amateurs, even Esperanto! Amateur Radio provides you a great opportunity to practice your foreign language skills with other hams that speak that language. When you give your identification as a US station, however, you must use English. Foreign stations may have a similar requirement to use their native language when identifying their transmissions. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-3]

T1F09 What type of amateur station simultaneously retransmits the signal of another amateur station on a different channel or channels?
A. Beacon station
B. Earth station
C. Repeater station
D. Message forwarding station

C. Repeater station

[97.113(f)] — Retransmitting the signals of another station is also generally prohibited, except when you are relaying messages or digital data from another station. Some types of stations (repeaters, auxiliary and space stations) are allowed to automatically retransmit signals on different frequencies or channels. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-12]

T1F10 Who is accountable should a repeater inadvertently retransmit communications that violate the FCC rules?
A. The control operator of the originating station
B. The control operator of the repeater
C. The owner of the repeater
D. Both the originating station and the repeater owner

A. The control operator of the originating station

[97.205(g)] — Although there must be a control operator responsible for proper operation of the repeater, the primary responsibility for complying with FCC Rules for operating lies with the transmitting station. If repeater users consistently violate operating rules, the FCC can require that a repeater system be placed on remote control, meaning a control operator must monitor repeater operation. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-10]

T1F11 To which foreign stations do the FCC rules authorize the transmission of non-emergency third party communications?
A. Any station whose government permits such communications
B. Those in ITU Region 2 only
C. Those in ITU Regions 2 and 3 only
D. Those in ITU Region 3 only

A. Any station whose government permits such communications

[97.115(a)] — There must be a third-party agreement in place between both governments for third-party communications to be permitted. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 8-9]

T1F12 How many persons are required to be members of a club for a club station license to be issued by the FCC?
A. At least 5
B. At least 4
C. A trustee and 2 officers
D. At least 2

B. At least 4

[97.5(b)(2)] — In order to ensure that a club actually exists, the FCC requires that it have at least four members, a name, be formally organized and managed and have a primary purpose devoted to Amateur Radio. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-21]

T1F13 When must the station licensee make the station and its records available for FCC inspection?
A. Any time upon request by an official observer
B. Any time upon request by an FCC representative
C. 30 days prior to renewal of the station license
D. 10 days before the first transmission

B. Any time upon request by an FCC representative

[97.103(c)] — As a station licensee, your responsibilities include the requirement to make the station and the station records available for inspection upon request by an FCC representative. An inspection can occur at any time, although they are actually quite rare. [Ham Radio License Manual, page 7-8]