Figure 2

Four ways to express the relationship between grazer effects on plant production or biomass and on species composition, in Spiti region of northern India. Community-level response is represented by species dissimilarity over relative abundance (Bray-Curtis index (a, c)) and over species occurrence (Sørensen index (b, d)). Areas used by native herbivores are shown as black symbols, while areas used by livestock are grey. Solid lines, when shown, represent the linear relationship between variables.