Ans: Group
Bank: Group Bank is a system of banking under which there will be
holding company controlling the subsidiary companies which carry out banking
business. In some cases, both the holding and subsidiary companies may carry
out banking business.

(c) Write the full form of SIDBI. 1

Ans: Small Industries Development Bank of India

(d) Since which year the RBI has been issuing notes based on Minimum
Reserve System ? 1

Ans: 1956

(e) NSE was set up in the year 1992/1993/1994/1995. 1

Ans: 1992

(f) Commercial Banks are the main lenders in money market. (State whether True or False) 1

Ans: True

(g) A ‘Not-Negotiable’ crossing cheque can/cannot be transferred. 1

Ans: Cannot be transferred

(h) Give an example of Material Alteration. 1

Ans: Alteration
of the date of the cheque.

2. What is Public Sector Bank ? 2

Ans:
Public Sector Banks: Public Sector banks are those banks in which the
Government has at least 51% shares. Public sector banks are owned and
controlled by the Government either directly or indirectly through the RBI.
These banks are also known as “National Banks”.

3. Mention two prohibitory functions of RBI. 2

Ans: The prohibitive functions of RBI are:-

1)It can
neither participate non-provide any direct financial assistance to any
industry, trade or business.

2)It cannot
purchase its own shares.

3)It cannot
purchase shares of any banking company or of any corporation.

4. State any two functions of Stock Exchange. 2

Ans: Functions of stock exchange

1.Evaluation of securities: Stock exchange helps
in determining the prices of various securities that reflect their real worth.
The forces of demand and supply act freely in the stock exchange and help in
the valuation of securities.

2.Mobilisation of savings: Stock exchange helps
in mobilising surplus funds of individuals and institutions for investment in
securities. In the absence of facilities for quick and profitable disposal of
securities, such funds may remain idle.

5. Who can cross a cheque ? 2

Ans: Drawer, Holder
and Banker

6. State the meaning of ‘Bank Draft’. 2

Ans: Bank Draft also known as banker’s cheque
which is drawn by one branch after receiving cash from his customer and such
payable on demand by another branch of the same bank to the person named in the
draft.

7. What is ‘payment in due course’ ? 3

Ans: The payment of a negotiable
instrument should be made to the right person by the paying banker or the
acceptor of the bill; otherwise the latter shall be responsible for the same.
The negotiable instrument Act provides protection to the paying banker or the
acceptor of the bill only when payment is made as per the provisions of the
Act. Payment of the amount due as per the provisions of the Act is called
payment in due course.

According to Section 10 of the
Negotiable Instrument Act, 1881, “Payment in due course means payment according
to the true intention of the parties and without negligence to any person in
possession thereof under circumstances which do not arouse suspicion about his
title to possess the instrument and to receive payment.”

8. State any three differences between Promissory Note and Cheque.3

Ans: Difference between
Promissory Note and Cheque:

Basis

Promissory Note

Cheque

Nature

It is an unconditional promise by the maker
to pay the money.

It is an unconditional order to the bank to
pay certain sum of money.

Days of Grace

Three days of grace are allowed for payment.

No days of grace are allowed for payment.

Crossing

A promissory note cannot be crossed.

A cheque can be crossed.

9. Write a note on ‘Scheduled Bank’. 3

Ans: Scheduled bank refer to those banking institutions whose
names are include in the Second schedule of the RBI Act, 1934. Under Sec. 42
(b) (a) are called scheduled bank. On the following conditions these banks are
included in Second Schedule and these banks must have to fulfill these
conditions:

a)The bank
should have Rs. 5 lakhs as paid up capital and reserve fund.

b)It should
be a corporation but must not be a partnership firm or a single owner firm.

c)The bank
must have to submit its weekly return to the RBI.

d)Direct
control is made providing the following advantages on the scheduled banks and
RBI: - (i) Giving direct loans, (ii) Providing transfer facilities, (iii)
Clearing house facility.

10. What are the various sub-markets of money
market? 3

Ans: Following
are the important components of the money market:

1.Call Money Market: The call money market
refers to the market for extremely short period, say one to seven days. These
loans are repayable on demand or control.

2.Collateral loan market: Collateral loans are
loans which are offered against collateral securities like stocks and bonds and
the market is known as the collateral loan market.

3.Acceptance market: Acceptance market refers to
the market for banker’s acceptance involved in trade transactions. This market
deals with banker’s acceptance which may be defined as a draft drawn by a
business firm upon a bank and accepted by it.

4.Bill Market: It is a market in which
short-term papers or bills are bought and sold. The most important types of
short-term papers are the bills of exchange and the treasury bills. In bills of
exchange market, trade bills and promissory note are traded and in treasury
bills market, TBs issued by RBI on behalf of government are traded.

11. What are the main functions of World Bank?
3

Ans: The
functions of World Bank are:

a)It grants loans for long and medium term loans
which are divided into two ways - Reconstruction loans and development loans.
The first is given to countries damaged by the war, the second to all countries
who require such loans for development purpose.

b)The quantities of loans, interest rate and
terms and conditions are determined by the bank itself.

c)Bank provides loans to private investor of
member countries on its own guarantee.

d)The bank gives loans to government and also
private borrowers.

e)Loans are granted after preliminary
discussions with the parties and a critical examination of the projects.

f)World Bank provides various technical services
to the member countries.

Or

Describe briefly about Statutory Liquidity
Ratio. 3

Ans: SLR: Statutory liquidity ratio is another reserve requirement
used by the RBI to control money supply. In India, besides maintaining the cash
reserve, every bank has to maintain a statutory reserve of liquid assets in
terms of cash, gold or unencumbered securities. This is termed as statutory
liquidity ratio. In increase in the liquidity ratio implies a transfer of
banking funds to Government and corresponding reduction in credit available to
the borrowers. Present SLR is 19.25%.

12. What are the main achievements of
nationalisation of banks in India.5

Ans: Achievements
of nationalisation:

a)Expansion
of Bank branches: There has been a rapid increase of bank branches after
nationalization. Till the end of March, 2014 number of bank branches increases
to 97,010.

b)Growth of
deposit: After nationalization the deposit occupied by banks was increased due
to various branches in Rural, Semi-urban and urban areas.

c)Advances
to priority sectors: Priority sector includes Agriculture, small business,
small scale industry etc. There has been greater emphasis on those sectors now.

d)Correction
of regional imbalances: After nationalization, steps have been taken to improve
banking services in less developed states.

e)Advance to
Agriculture: The nationalized banks have given particular importance in
providing credit to agriculturists.

f)Investment
in Govt. Securities: The nationalized bank has become a major source of finance
for the Govt. These banks are required to invest a part of their funds in Govt.
securities.

g)Developmental
role of banks: Nationalized banks focuses on not only making profit, but also
works for the welfare and prosperity of the society.

Or

Write a brief note on State Bank of India.5

Ans: The State Bank of India was established under the State Bank
of India Act, 1955, by nationalizing the Imperial bank of India with the object
of extending banking facilities in rural areas. It came into existence on 1st
July 1955. Though Imperial Bank was important banking institution in 16th
April 1955, SBI bill was passed on 8th May 1955 by the Government of
India. SBI was organized depending on the recommendation of All India Rural
Credit Survey Committee (AIRCSC) which was appointed by RBI in 1951.

SBI is managed by Central Board of directors.
In this Board, there is one chairman, one vice-chairman two managing directors
and sixteen directors (Total 20 members). The head quarter of SBI is located at
Mumbai and its local offices at Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, New Delhi, Lucknow,
Ahmadabad, Hyderabad, Bhubaneswar, Bangalore, Guwahati etc. It performed all
the functions performed by commercial banks. Besides it, SBI performed as an
agent of RBI where there is no branch of RBI

The objectives of establishment of SBI are as
follows:

a)To extend
banking facilities on a large scale, particularly in the rural urban and
semi-urban areas.

b)To promote
agricultural finance and remove the defects in the system of agricultural finance.

c)To helps
the RBI in implementing its credit policies.

d)To help
the Government to pursue its broad economic policies.

e)To held
the RBI in regulating other commercial banks

f)To act as
an clearing agent of banks

13. What are the different functions performed
by RBI as a Banker of Government? 5

Ans:
Bankers
to Government: The RBI acts as banker to the Central and State Government as a
bankers as a adviser as a agent into there capacities:

a)As a
bankers.

b)As an
agent.

c)As an
advisor.

As a Government banker the RBI
performs the following functions:-

a)It
maintains and operates deposit account of the central and state governments.

b)It
receives and collects payment on behalf of the Central and state governments.

c)It makes
payments on behalf of the central and state governments.

d)It
provides short term advances to government for which are called ways and means
advances etc.

As a
Government agent the RBI perform the followings functions:-

a)Collect
tax and other payments on behalf of the government.

b)Raise loan
from the public and thus manages public debts.

c)Transfer
funds and provide remittances facilities to the government etc.

As an adviser the RBI acts as an
advising the Government on all financial matters such as loan separations
investment, agricultural and industrial finance, banking planning etc. It also
advices to promote the attainment of the national economic goals.

14. Show the differences between capital
market and money market.5

Ans: Difference between capital market and money market

Basis ofDistinction

Capital Market

Money Market

1)Period

Capital market is a market for medium and
long term funds.

Money market is a market for short term
funds.

2)Constituents

These include new issue market, stock
market, stock brokers and intermediaries.

These include call money market, bill market
and discounting market.

3)Participants

Individual and institutional investors
operate in the capital market.

Only the institutional investors operate in
the money market.

4)Instruments

The instruments in the capital market
include shares, debentures, bonds etc.

The instruments of capital market always take
time to convert into cash.

The instruments of money market have very
high degree of liquidity.

Or

Mention five
advantages of Mutual Funds. 5

Ans: Mutual Funds: A mutual fund is an institutional device
through which the investors pool their funds to invest in a diversified
portfolio of securities. The fund is termed as “Mutual” because all the profit
& losses of the fund are shared by the investors in proportion to their
investments.

Benefit of Mutual Funds:

a)Professional
management of funds by very qualified and full time investment manager.

b)Risk
reduction through diversification.

c)Flexibility
for investments in variety of schemes.

d)Higher
returns on investment as compared to bank deposits.

e)Tax
benefits by investing in tax saving funds.

f)Economies
of large scale operations.

15. Discuss the advantages of Internet
Banking. 5

Ans: Advantages
of E-banking or Internet banking

1)Convenience:
Banks that offer internet banking are open for business transactions anywhere a
client might be as long as there is internet connection.

5)Ease of
transaction: The speed of transaction is faster relative to use of ATM’s or
customary banking.

6)Discounts:
The credit cards and debit cards enables the Customers to obtain discounts from
retail outlets.

16. Explain the position of collecting banker
as holder for value.
5

Ans: A collecting banker is one who collects
the cheques and other negotiable instruments deposited by his customers and
places the amount to the credit of the customers account. A collecting banker
acts as an intermediary between the paying banker and his customer in
collecting the proceeds of a cheque from the paying banker and crediting the
same to the customer’s account. The collecting banker may collect the
cheques of his customers either as:

1.A
holder for value or,

2.An
agent of the customer.

The legal position of the collecting banker depends
upon the capacity in which he collects the cheques.

Collecting
banker as a holder for value: When to oblige a customer a banker pay the
amount of the cheque before the collection of the cheque drawn upon another
banker, the collecting banker is deemed to be its holder for value. The
collecting banker shall be deemed to be the holder for value:

a)If
he pays the amount of cheque in cash or in the account of the customer before
it is actually realised,

b)If
he lends money on the strength of the cheque,

c)If
he accepts the cheque drawn on other bank to reduce the amount of existing debt
or

d)If
he pays cash over the counter at the time the cheque is paid in for collection.

As a holder for value he bears the liability
and enjoys all the rights of a holder in due course. If the cheque is
dishonoured, the collecting banker as a holder in due course can sue all the
prior parties after giving a notice of dishonour.

17. Distinguish between Endorsement in Blank
and Special Endorsement.5

Ans: Blank or General Endorsement: An endorsement
is said to be blank or general, if the endorser sings on the back or on the
face of the instrument without specifying the name of any endorsee. The effect
of his endorsement makes the instrument payment to bearer even though
originally it was payable to order. For example, a cheque payable to Mr. X or
order and Mr. X endorse the cheque to Mr. Y by simply affixing his signature.
The effect of this endorsement makes the instrument payable to bearer even
though originally it was payable to order.

Full or
Special Endorsement: If an endorser signs his name and adds a direction to pay
the amount mentioned in the instrument to or to the order of a specified
persons, such an endorsement is said to be a full or special endorsement.For example, “Pay to Mr. X or order” S/d Mr.
Y is an example of full endorsement. Here Mr. Y is the endorser and he has
mentioned the name of the endorsee – Mr. X.

Difference between blank and special
endorsement

Basis

General/Blank
endorsement

Special
Endorsement

1. Name of the
endorsee

The name of the
endorsee is not mentioned.

The name of the
endorsee is mentioned.

2. Nature

It is a bearer
instruments

It is an order
instrument or payable on order.

3. Conversion

General
endorsement can be converted into special endorsement.

Special
endorsement cannot be converted into general endorsement.

Or

Write a note on Non-Banking Financial
Institutions. 5

Ans: Non-Banking Financial
Institutions (NBFI’s): NBFI’s include such institution such as
life-insurance companies, mutual savings bank, pension funds, building
societies etc. which are doing diverse business. These financial institutions
are thus a heterogeneous group of financial institutions other than commercial
banks and co-operative societies. They include a wide variety of financial
institutions, which raise funds from the public, directly or indirectly, to
lend them to ultimate spenders. The growth of NBFI’s has been much faster than
that of commercial banks. The main reason for this is that, in comparison to
commercial banks, NBFI’s pay higher interest ratio to the depositors and change
lower interest rate from the borrowers. Thus, they are competing with the
commercial bank for public savings and as sources of Loanable funds.

Broadly NBFI’s in India are classified into
two groups:

(i) Organised NBFI’s

(ii) Unorganised NBFI’s

(i) Organised NBFI’s: The organised NBFI’s
include development banks and other specialised institutions. Development banks
are further divided into Industrial Development banks and Agricultural
Development banks:

Agricultural Development banks are the
following: (i) National bank for agricultural and rural development (NABARD).
(ii) Land Development Bank (LDB) (ii) Unorganised NBFI’s: A number of
unorganised NBF’s also operate in the country. They are known as loan
companies, higher purchase finance companies, chit funds etc.

Ans: Life Insurance Corporation of India (LICI) was set up in
September 1, 1956, under the LICI Act, 1956 by nationalizing 245 life insurance
companies. The LICI mobilize the community’s savings and makes them available
to industrial concerns in both public and private sectors. Since its inception,
it has been playing a key role in the capital market by underwriting and
subscribing to industrial securities. It provides long term and medium term
loans in the form of direct loans.

Objectives of LICI:

a)To
mobilise maximum savings of the people by making insured savings more
attractive.

b)To ensure
effective and economic use of funds collected from policyholders.

c)To improve
social security by meeting various life insurance needs of the society.

Functions of LICI:

a)To invests
the funds of the corporation in such a manner that will give maximum return.

b)To
acquire, hold and dispose of any property for the purpose of its business.

c)To advance
or lend money upon the security of any movable or immovable property or
otherwise.

Or

Discuss
various sources of bank’s own fund. 5

19. Discuss the General utility services
rendered by commercial banks.8

Ans: Modern
banks not only deal in money and credit creation, other useful functions
management of foreign trade, finance etc. The meaning of modern banks is used
in narrow sense of the term as commercial banks.SBI as a commercial bank renders
the following functions under Section 33 of the Act:

A)
Primary Functions:

I.
Accepting deposits

II.
Advancing loans

III.
Investments of funds

IV.
Credit creation

B)
Secondary Functions:

I.
Agency functions

II.
General utility functions

General
Utility Services: A modern bank now a days serves its customers
in many other ways:

a)Locker
facility: Banks provides locker facility to their customers. The customers can
keep their valuables and important documents in these lockers for safe custody.

b)Traveler’s
cheques: Bank issue travelers cheques to help their customers to travel without
the fear of theft or loss of money.

c)Gift
cheque: Some banks issue cheques of various denominators to be used on
auspicious occasions. These are known as “gift cheques” as they are gifted to
others.

d)Letter of
Credit: Letter of credit is issued by the banks to their customers certifying
their credit worthiness. Letter of credit is very useful in foreign trade.

e)Foreign
Exchange Business: Banks also deal in the business of foreign currencies.
Again, they may finance foreign trade by discounting foreign bills of exchange.

f)Collection
of Statistics: Banks collects statistics giving important information relating
to industry, trade and commerce, money and banking. They also publish journals
and bulletins containing research articles on economic and financial matters.

Or

Write the distinction between RBI and
Commercial Bank. 8

Ans: Central Bank: The central bank is the supreme monetary
institution of any country. It is a national bank which provides banking
services to the government and commercial banks. It also helps in implementing
monetary policy of the government and issuing currency. It is established,
owned, controlled and financed by the govt. of the country.

In the words of R.S. Sayers, “It is a bank
which controls the commercial banks in such a way as to promote the general
monetary policy of the country.” India’s central bank is called the Reserve
Bank of India. It is the apex monetary institution of India (2017).

In
simple words, a commercial bank is a financial institution that undertakes the
banking activity i.e.it accepts deposits and then lends the same to earn
certain profit. The features of a Bank are: A Bank is a profit seeking commercial
enterprises, It deals in money, i.e., it accepts deposits from the public and
advances loans to the needy borrowers.

There are some fundamental differences between
them:

1)Profit
making is not the objective of central banks, although, they do earn profits.
But, the principle aim of a commercial bank is to make large amounts of
profits.

2)The
central bank is owned any controlled by the Government. But A commercial bank
is generally owned, managed and controlled by private citizens.

3)There is
only one central bank in a country. But, There are commercial banks operating
in a country on a competitive basis.

4)The
central bank is the only agency in a country entrusted with the power of
issuance of notes. But, The commercial banks do not have the power of issuing
notes.

5)The
central bank s the lender of the money market. But, The commercial banks are
just its sub-ordinates.

20. Discuss the circumstances under which the
paying banker can refuse payment of customer’s cheque. 8

Ans: The bank may dishonour a cheque for the
following cases.

a)When the
cheque is post dated and it is presented for payment before the date it bears.

b)When there
are insufficient funds to the credit of the drawer.

c)When the
cheque is presented for payment at branch where the drawer of the cheque has no
account.

d)When a
cheque is not duly, presented, as for example a cheque presented outside
banking hours.

e)When the
cheque is ambiguous, mutilated, materially altered or irregular.

f)When the
cheque has become stale, that is it is not presented within six months of the
issue of the cheque.

g)When the signatures
of the drawer of a cheque do not tally with the specimen signatures in the
records of the bank.

h)When the
amount in figures and in words is not the same in a cheque.

i)When the cheque is crossed and it is not
presented through a bank.

j)Where the bank receives a notice of the
insolvency or insanity of the customer.

21. Discuss the principles followed by banks
in granting loans and advances.8

Ans: The principles of sound lending by
commercial banks are:

1)Safety of
principal: The most important rule for lending/granting loans is the
safety of funds. This is so because the banks earn income through these loans
and advances. In case the bank does not get back the loans granted by it, it
might fail. A bank cannot and must not sacrifice the safety of its funds to get
higher rate of interest. Banks must ensure the creditworthiness of the borrower
before lending.

2)Marketability
or liquidity: The second important principle of granting loan is liquidity.
Liquidity means possibility of converting loans and advances into cash without
loss of time and money. Banks are essentially dealers in short term funds and
therefore, they lend money mainly for short term period. The banker should see
that the borrower is able to repay the loan on demand or within a short notice.

3)Return
or Profitability: Return or profitability is another important principle. The
funds of the bank should be invested in securities to earn highest return, so
that it may pay a reasonable rate of interest to its customers on their
deposits, reasonably good salaries to its employees and a good return to its
shareholders. However, a bank should not sacrifice either safety or liquidity
to earn a high rate of interest.

4)Purpose of
the loan: Before granting loans, the banker should examine the purpose for
which the loan is demanded. If the loan is granted for productive purpose,
thereby the borrower will make much profit and he will be able to pay back the
loan. In no case, loan is granted for unproductive purpose.

5)Diversification:
‘One should not put all his eggs in one basket’ is an old proverb which
very clearly explains this principle. A bank should not invest all its funds in
one industry. In case that industry fails, the banker will not be able to
recover his loans. Hence, the bank may also fail. According to the principle of
diversification, the bank should diversify its investments in different
industries and should give loans to different borrowers in one industry. It is
less probable that all the borrowers and industries will fail at one and the
same time.

6)Security: A
banker should grant secured loans only. In case the borrower fails to return
the loan, the banker may recover his loan after realizing from the sale of
security. In case of unsecured loans, the chances of bad debts will be very high.
Security conditions are different in different banks.

7)Margin
Money: The banker must properly value the security against which loan is
granted. There must be sufficient margin between the amount of the loan and the
value of the security. If adequate margin is not maintained , the loan might be
unsecured in case the borrower fails to pays the principle and the amount of
the interest.

8)National
policies: Banks have certain social responsibilities towards society also. The
banks have to take into account the economic and social priorities of the
country beside safety, liquidity and profitability. While formulating the
lending policy, the banks are guided by the government policies in relation to
disbursal of credit. Thus, national interest and policies are influence the
lending decisions of banks.

In conclusion, it may be said that due
consideration of all the principles are necessary, while evaluating a loan
proposal.

22. What are the different types of Financial
market ? Write a brief note on Foreign Exchange Market. 3+5=8

Ans: Meaning of Financial
Market: Financial market is simply a link between the savers and
borrowers. It can be defined as an institution that facilitates exchange of
financial instruments and credit instruments such as cheques, bills, deposits,
loans, corporate stocks, government bonds, etc. The main participants of
financial markets are financial institutions, agents, dealers, brokers,
borrowers and savers.

Types of
Financial Markets (sub-markets)

Every
firms, individuals and institutions need finance for its expansion and day to
day operating activities. Financial needs may be of two types – short term or
long term. Based on these needs, financial markets are divided into two
categories:

a) Money market – Market for short term funds

b) Capital market - Market for long term funds

Foreign
Exchange Market

International transactions involve payments or
receipts in currencies other than home currency of the trading countries. This
results in the necessity for buying and selling of foreign exchange. The market
in which currencies of different countries are bought and sold for one another
is called the foreign exchange market. In other words, foreign exchange market
is a market in which foreign exchange transactions take place. According to
Kindle berger, “Foreign exchange market it a place where foreign money are
bought and sold”. 08, 09,12

Features
of Foreign Exchange Market

a. Foreign exchange market has no geographical
location.

b. It is electronically linked network.

c. The trading in the foreign exchange market
is done usually 24 hours a day by telephone, display monitors, telex, fax
machines and other means of communication.

d. The exchange dealers are bound by an
informal code of moral conduct.

e. More transactions are based on oral
communications to start with; the written documents follow later on.

TYPES OF
FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET

There are two foreign exchange markets:

a)Retail
market: In this foreign exchange market, the individuals and firms who require
foreign currency can buy it and those who have acquired foreign currency can
sell it.

b)Interbank
market: In this foreign exchange market, banks who require foreign currency can
buy it and those who have acquired foreign currency can sell it.

Or

What is Development Bank ? Explain the functions
of Development Banks.2+6=8

Ans: Ans:
Development bank is a specialised financial institution which provides medium
and long term finance to business units in the forms of loans, underwriting,
investments and guarantees operations, promote entrepreneurship and upgrade
knowhow and do-how. It is a multi-purpose financial institution and not just a
term-lending institution. It does not accept deposits from the public, unlike
commercial banks. A development bank does not perform ordinary banking
functions.

According to William Diamond, “A Development
Bank has the opportunity to promote enterprises i.e. to conceive investment
proposal and to stimulate others to persue them or itself to carry them through
from the ‘conception’ to ‘realisation’.

Functions
of Development Banks

The study of the role of the development banks
helps us to understand the objectives and importance of such banks. The role of
development banks is presented below:

a)Financing
of industries: The foremost objective of institutional finance is to extend
financial accommodation to industrial concerns on a long-term basis. Term loans
are provided for setting up new concerns and also for modernisation of existing
concerns.

b)Balanced
regional development: Another prime objective of institutional finance is to
encourage the setting up of industries in the backward regions of the country
for balanced regional development.

c)Development
of capital market: In India, financial institutions were set up to develop
capital market by providing merchant banking, underwriting and issue house
services to companies for raising capital from the capital market.

d)Mobilisation
of public savings: Financial institutions raise funds by issuing debentures and
bonds. These funds are recycled for the industrial growth of the country.

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