Feminist empiricism

Feminist empiricism is a perspective within feminist research that combines the objectives and observations of feminism with the research methods and empiricism.[1] Feminist empiricism is typically connected to mainstream notions of positivism. Feminist empiricism proposes that feminist theories can be objectively proven through evidence.[tone][why?] Feminist empiricism critiques what it perceives to be inadequacies and biases within mainstream research methods, including positivism.[1]

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In international relations rationalist feminism[clarification needed] employs feminist empiricism to explain the political landscape. Rationalist feminism examines state, transnational and institutional actors, and specifically looks at causal relationships between these actors and gender issues. Quantitative data is used to relate gender to these phenomena. This may be done by directly correlating gender data to specific state behaviors, or indirectly by examining a "gender gap" through indirect causal relationships.[2] Popular perspectives linked to rationalist feminism within international relations include conventional constructivism and quantitative peace research.[2]

Among other criticisms, standpoint feminism argues that feminist empiricism cannot explain the way the political world works because the foundations on which it is built are based on the same gendered assumptions that all mainstream scientific inquiries face.[1][3] Feminist empiricism argues that its epistemological outlook, lets it tackle this gender bias.[4]

Feminist empiricism is more likely to favor qualitative data. Objective measurements are seen as important to eliminating the gender bias that exists.[5] Post-structuralism is inherently opposed to the idea of an objective truth in the social sciences. The belief is that those who study within the human sciences are ensnared by the same structures that affect the society in which they study.[6] Post-structural feminism critiques the belief that any viewpoint is impartial; knowledge is not found but constructed.[5] A specific result of this disagreement is the way in which the two theories view gender: feminist empiricism claims that gender variables are based on biological sex, while post-structural/post-modern feminism sees gender as a socially constituted entity.[2]