Positive engagement activities support children's adaptive development and new parents are encouraged to be highly engaged with infants. Yet, fathers' engagement is widely understudied and maternal engagement quantity is frequently overlooked. Our study contributes to growing knowledge on associations between infant temperament and parental engagement by testing transactional and moderation ...

Household contacts are important sources of Bordetella pertussis in infants. A total of 353 household contacts of 97 index cases were evaluated for pertussis by culture and polymerase chain reaction. Twenty eight contacts were positive (8.0%). The presence of symptoms did not influence the rate of diagnosed bacteriologic pertussis in ...

To date, there has been little information published on the death of rural road accident deaths. This study uses burden of injury method to explore a more accurate estimate of years of life lost due to road traffic crashes occurring over a four-year period in Guilan province, northern Iran. Rural ...

Visual exploration in infants and adults has been studied using two very different paradigms: free viewing of flat screen displays in desk-mounted eye-tracking studies and real-world visual guidance of action in head-mounted eye-tracking studies. To test whether classic findings from screen-based studies generalize to real-world visual exploration and to compare ...

There is little information about vaccine schedule compliance in very-low-birth-weight infants in developing countries. The aim of the study was to describe the compliance with the vaccine schedule among this population in Lima, Peru. We conducted a prospective cohort study in four hospitals in Lima in infants with a birth-weight ...

ABSTRACT The normative development of infant shared attention has been studied extensively, but few studies have examined the impact of disorganized attachment and disturbed maternal caregiving on mother-infant shared attention. The authors examined both maternal initiations of joint attention and infants' responses to those initiations during the reunion episodes of ...

Tenenbaum Elena J EJ Brown Center for the Study of Children at Risk at Women and Infants Hospital - - 2014

ABSTRACT We investigated longitudinal relations among gaze following and face scanning in infancy and later language development. At 12 months, infants watched videos of a woman describing an object while their passive viewing was measured with an eye-tracker. We examined the relation between infants' face scanning behavior and their tendency ...

To assess the influence of birth spacing on neonatal morbidity, stratified by gestational age at birth. Population-based retrospective cohort study using Ohio birth records, 2006-2011. We compared various interpregnancy interval (IPI) lengths in multiparous mothers with the rate and risk of adverse newborn outcomes. The frequency of neonatal intensive care ...

To assess binocular detection grating acuity using the LEA GRATINGS test to establish age-related norms in healthy infants during their first 3 months of life. In this prospective, longitudinal study of healthy infants with clear red reflex at birth, responses to gratings were measured at 1, 2, and 3 months ...

To report the cumulative incidence, health-seeking behaviour and medical intervention of infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) in the first year of life. The HealthNuts study is a longitudinal, population-based study. At 12 months of age, infants underwent skin prick testing to food allergens, including cows milk. Parents completed a questionnaire ...

Matrilineal overthrows in macaque societies are rare but devastating events, often resulting in severe morbidity, mortality, and loss of individual and group fitness. The handful of documented macaque overthrows provides scant evidence to reveal the severity or longevity of reproductive consequences resulting from such violent events. We analyzed archival records ...

To evaluate the association between maternal employment and breastfeeding (both duration and status) in Mexican mothers using data from three National Health and Nutrition Surveys conducted in 1999, 2006 and 2012. We analyzed data from the 1999 National Nutrition Survey, the 2006 National Nutrition and Health Survey, and the 2012 ...

To evaluate the association between cystoid macular edema (CME) observed in very preterm infants and developmental outcomes at 18 to 24 months corrected age. Cohort study. Infants born at or less than 1500 g or at or less than 30 weeks postmenstrual age who underwent screening for retinopathy of prematurity ...

To evaluate the verbal interactions of parents with their infants in the first months of life and to test the hypothesis that reciprocal vocalizations of mother-infant dyads would be more frequent than those of father-infant dyads. This prospective cohort study included 33 late preterm and term infants. Sixteen-hour language recordings ...

Abstract Background: Influenza presents with increased morbidity and mortality in children ≤5 months of age. Vaccination of caregivers is indicated, but immunization rates are estimated at only 30%. The 2009 New York State Neonatal Influenza Protection Act (NIPA) mandated offering of influenza vaccine to caregivers during the post-partum hospitalization. The ...

Numerous studies have emphasized the importance of body contact for health, regulation, and development of infants as well as for parent-child interaction. Especially for infants with regulatory disorders (such as excessive crying, sleeping, and feeding problems), high-quality physical contact would be desirable. Observations in the context of parental counseling suggest ...

The natural history of hip instability (without subluxation or dislocation) and treatment in infants remain controversial. We performed a retrospective cohort case-only study with blinded, prospectively collected data to assess normalization of the acetabular index in consecutive untreated infant hips with sonography instability. Consecutive hips meeting inclusion criteria were followed ...

Concerns about radiation exposure have created a controversy over long-term radiographic follow-up of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in infants who achieve normal clinical and ultrasonographic examinations. The purpose of this study was to assess the importance of continued radiographic monitoring by contrasting the incidence of residual radiographic dysplasia ...

To determine the prevalence of hearing loss in newborns with Down syndrome. We performed a cross-sectional, retrospective chart review of all infants with Down syndrome born at a university-affiliated hospital (n = 77) or transferred in to the associated pediatric hospital (n = 32) following birth at an outlying hospital between 1995 and 2010. ...

To identify dietary patterns in US infants at age 6 and 12 months, sociodemographic differences in these patterns, and their associations with infant growth from age 6 to 12 months. We analyzed a subsample (760 boys and 795 girls) of the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (2005-2007). Mothers reported their ...

Conveying that psychoanalysis offers rich opportunities for the very early treatment of autistic spectrum disorders, this clinical communication unfolds the clinical process of a 19 month-old 'shell-type' encapsulated mute autistic girl. It details how, in a four-weekly-sessions schedule, infant Lila evolved within two years from being emotionally out-of-contact to the affective ...

Healthy, full-term, exclusively breastfed infants are expected to lose weight in the first days after birth, but experts disagree about what constitutes a physiological neonatal weight loss and there is a lack of evidence-based data. Our study aimed to construct a centile chart of neonatal weight loss in a healthy ...

Infant hearing loss is common. Screening is performed in more than 98% of US infants. Otolaryngologists play an important role in identification and management of infants and children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Otolaryngologists should routinely assess for hearing screening results and intervene for screens not passed. Long-term ...

In many countries, routine data relating to growth of infants are collected as a means of tracking health and illness up to school age. These have potential to be used in research. For health monitoring and research, data should be accurate and reliable. This study aimed to determine the agreement ...

To evaluate the effect of surgical factors on postoperative astigmatism in infants undergoing cataract extraction with or without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study is a multicenter clinical trial in which 114 infants with unilateral congenital cataracts were randomized to undergo cataract extraction with IOL placement or ...

Increasing research suggests breastfeeding has many benfeits to mothers and children, yet breastfeeding duration rates remain well below Healthy People 2020 objectives. In order to increase breastfeeding rates, the complex role change in becoming a breastfeeding mother deserves closer examination.OBJECTIVE: This pilot study sought to explore the daily routines and ...

Bush Matthew L ML 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; 2Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; 3College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; 4Cabinet for Health and Family Services, Commission for Children with Special Health Care Needs, Louisville, Kentucky, USA; and 5Department of Behavioral Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, - - 2014

Congenital hearing loss is a common problem, and timely identification and intervention are paramount for language development. Patients from rural regions may have many barriers to timely diagnosis and intervention. The purpose of this study was to examine the spatial and hospital-based distribution of failed infant hearing screening testing and ...

The prevention of pregnancy, childbirth, and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among teenagers has garnered recent attention both from public health and clinical organizations. In 2011, the U.S. birth rate among teenagers reached a historic low of 31.3 births per 1,000 females aged 15-19 years and has decreased 49% percent from ...

Evidence suggests an association of breastfeeding with a maternal feeding style (MFS) that is less controlling than formula feeding, which, in turn, may improve a child's self-regulation of eating. This study examines associations of bottle-feeding practices during infancy with MFS and children's eating behavior (CEB) at 6 years old. We ...

There is a dearth of information on the long-term maternal effects of breastfeeding. The objective of this study was to examine adherence to breastfeeding recommendations of exclusive breastfeeding for ≥4 months and continuation of breastfeeding for ≥1 year and maternal weight retention 6 years after delivery. Using data from the ...

This study concerns the influence of an improvement of body contact on regulatory disorders in infancy. Two interventions were examined: 1. parent counseling on the subject of body contact; 2. practical training of body contact in connection with exposure. Both methods were supplemented by a video-based parent training. 20 infants ...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are associated with clinically significant rate of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young infants. Previous research investigating RSV infections and UTIs has been performed mainly in infants younger than 2 to 3 months and has not focused on the risk of UTI in infants 3 ...

An ectopic cervical thymus (ECT) is regarded as a rare congenital anomaly; therefore, the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategy remains a debatable matter. We designed a study to elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics of ECTs in consecutive, unselected infant autopsies, to help guide case management. We searched for ECTs in all ...

For mothers with breastfeeding difficulties, pumping can be recommended to help establish milk production. However, pumping may present some barriers to successful breastfeeding. Mothers with milk supply concern may be at higher risk of barriers to successful breastfeeding. No previous studies have described experiences of pumping among mothers with milk ...

Emotions such as guilt and blame are frequently reported by non-breastfeeding mothers, and fear and humiliation are experienced by breastfeeding mothers when feeding in a public context. In this paper, we present new insights into how shame-related affects, cognitions and actions are evident within breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding women's narratives of ...

Gaze following is an essential human communication cue that orients the attention of two interacting people to the same external object. This capability is robustly observed after 7 months of age in full-term infants. Do healthy preterm infants benefit from their early exposure to face-to-face interactions with other humans to ...

Parents bereaved by infant death experience a wide range of symptomatology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that may persist for years after the loss. Little research has been conducted on PTSD in fathers who have lost an infant. Mothers report most symptoms to a greater extent than fathers, but not ...

During our routine postmortem examination, we found a female infant with "True Cyclopia." The two entire eye balls had fused completely to form one midline organ. The infant was a female who weighed 2910 g. The gestation period was 35 weeks. Infant lived for a short period of less than ...

Infants must develop both flexibility and constraint in their interpretation of acceptable word forms. The current experiments examined the development of infants' lexical interpretation of non-native variations in pitch contour. Fourteen-, 17-, and 19-month-olds (Experiments 1 and 2, N = 72) heard labels for two novel objects; labels contained the same syllable ...

Although extensive research has been conducted on preterm infant oral feeding, few investigations have examined parents' experiences learning to feed orally their preterm infant while in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). As such, the aim of this study was to explore parental learning experiences to gain a better understanding ...

Auger Anamarie A School of Education, University of California, - - 2014

The impact of a baby book intervention on promoting positive reading beliefs and increasing reading frequency for low-income, new mothers (n = 167) was examined. The Baby Books Project randomly assigned low-income, first-time mothers to one of three study conditions, receiving educational books, non-educational books, or no books, during pregnancy ...

To follow the maturation of the auditory pathway of infants born small for gestational age term, by studying absolute and interpeak latencies of Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) in the first six months of life. Multicentric prospective longitudinal study. The ABR was carried out in the neonatal period in 96 newborn ...

There has been an increased focus on place and space within maternity and neonatal care and how configuration of space influences the experiences of parents, babies and staff. Furthermore, although there is increasing emphasis upon family-centred care, research shows wide differences in NICUs' provision of facilities to enable parental presence ...

Intraoviductal transfer technique in combination with in vivo fertilisation has arisen as an effective technique to assess live births after transfer of slow-frozen oocytes in the rabbit. Nevertheless, the great disadvantage of this method is the accumulation of tubal fluid in a large number of females after clamping the oviducts. ...