Justification:
This species is listed as Vulnerable in view of a population reduction in China of at least 30% observed over a ten year period where the causes of reduction (habitat loss, hunting) have not ceased. Populations in other countries may face similar threats.

This species is found in southeastern China (including Hainan, Hong Kong, Macao), Taiwan, and in northern Viet Nam and Lao PDR. In China it has been recorded from Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Hong Kong, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang (Zhao 2006). It is found from 70 to 1,630 m asl.

This species inhabits plains, hills and low mountains. It can be found in agricultural fields, at road sides, near ponds. It is often diurnal. It feeds on frogs, snakes, birds, rats, lizards, loaches, eels, fish etc. It is oviparous, and lays 5-28 eggs from June to August. Ji et al. (2005) studied geographical variation in female reproductive traits and the trade-off between the size and number of eggs. They found that maternal size was a major determinant of the reproductive investment in all populations, with larger females producing not only more but also larger eggs.

Lau (1995) reported that this species is one of the top three species found in export from mainland China to Hong Kong. These snakes are used as food. Ranching and captive breeding has been successful in Zhejiang Province (Conservation and Management Station of Zhejiang Province for Wild Fauna and Flora 2010). Li and Li (1998) reported that Naja naja appeared in trade from Viet Nam to China during 1993-1996. This might include both Naja atra and Naja kaouthia. He and Peng (1999) investigated the market in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province of China, and estimated that the annual sale quantity in that city is about 1405.5 ton.; these snakes came from China.

This species is listed on CITES Appendix II and its international trade is regulated accordingly. There is a need to strengthen national conservation initiatives. It is found in several protected areas.