Resumen (otros idiomas)

Under the concept of Inflammatory bowel disease are included a group of diseases of unknown etiology that are characterized by chronic inflammation of the intestine due to autoimmune pathogenic processes, the main presentations are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. In addition to the influence of environmental factors and the genetic predisposition of the patients, an intestinal mucosa is observed with an altered immune response to antigens of the diet and to the own microflora, activating multiple mechanisms mediated by various cells and substances that cause inflammatory tissue damage, and with its subsequent maintenance and progression, aggravation and chronicity. The mechanisms involved in these processes are very complex and are not well known yet. Defects have been identified in both innate and adaptative immunity as well as in the regulatory systems, responsible for counteracting the inflammation. The study of the components of the innate and adaptive immunity involved in the pathogenesis, will open new horizons in the knowledge about the immunological mechanisms involved in the intestinal inflammation, being able to approach towards a greater understanding and enabling the development of therapeutic strategies with greater effectiveness than the current ones.