Because all substances are made of chemicals, a biologist must understand chemistry to be able to understand life. Similarly, because life in the Earth system - the biosphere - interacts with the other parts of the Earth system (such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere), many geologists must understand biology. Biogeochemists specialize in the study of the interactions between life and the Earth system.

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Chemistry is the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. Chemists study the composition of substances, their properties, and how they react with each other under varying circumstances. Indeed,...more

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Jupiter's atmospheric environment is one of strong gravity, high pressure, strong winds, from 225 miles per hour to 1000 miles per hour, and cold temperatures of -270 degrees to +32 degrees (freezing temperature)....more

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