games and activities to build phonemic awareness Link to Glossary of Terms

encouragement to write using invented spelling Link to Glossary of Terms

language experience activities Link to Glossary of Terms

hearing, discussing, retelling a variety of stories read aloud

NOTE: Keep in mind that the grade levels associated with each phase described below are only approximate. In each grade there are likely to be children in all phases of literacy acquisition. Also, remember that within each phase there may be a range of learners who are developing in different ways.