10. This is obvious from almost all German records of the period. See in particular Entry of 4 Nov, OKWIWFSt, KTB Ausarbeitung, der Westen i.IV. 16.XII.44, MS # B-034 (Schramm). For details on this period from the German side, see Lucian Heichler, The Third Battle of Aachen The German Situation in Mid-November 1944, MS prepared in OCMH to complement this volume.

25 On 8 November VIII Corps relinquished approximately twenty miles on its southern wing as the 83d Division passed to "operational control" of the Third Army, but the arrangement lasted only four days. See 83d Div AAR, Nov 44.

26 FUSA Rpt, Vol. 1, p. 67.

27 For a time, it looked as if the First Army would get the 84th Division instead of the 104th. The 84th eventually went to the Ninth Army.

31 Like the commander of the Ninth Army's other corps, General Gillem had risen from the ranks. Between wars he attended the usual staff colleges, served as an instructor at Fort Benning, Ga., and commanded both infantry and armored units. After the start of World War II, his early important posts included command of the Desert Training Center in California and later the Armored Force at Fort Knox. He trained the XIII Corps after assuming command in December, 1943.

32 Unless otherwise noted, the story of Ninth Army planning is based upon Ninth United States Army Operations, Vol. IV, Offensive in. November, part of a mimeographed series prepared by the 4th Information and Historical Service and filed with official Ninth Army records (hereafter cited as NUSA Cpns, Vol. IV), and upon Conquer The Story of Ninth Army, pp. 71-85. Another useful source is the Ferriss Notes, described in Ch. VI.

39 The largest up to this time was Operation GOODWOOD, a strike by 1,676 heavies and 343 mediums and lights with 7,700 tons of bombs in support of the Second British Army near Caen on 18 July. The largest in support of American troops was along the St. Lo-Periers road in Normandy where 1,495 heavy bombers and 338 fighter bombers dropped 4,790 tons of bombs. Another large scale bombing was in support of the First Canadian Army the night of 7 August when 1,450 planes dropped 5,210 tons of bombs. See Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford LeighMallory, Air Commander in Chief : Allied Expeditionary Air Force, "Despatch, Air Operations by the Allied Expeditionary Air Force in N. W. Europe," Nov 44, found in Fourth Supplement to The London Gazette (December 31, 1946), dtd 2 Jan 47. The story of early uses of heavy bombers in this role in the European theater and of the Normandy bombing may be found in Blumenson, Breakout and Pursuit.