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May 31, 1980
Dear Dorothy,
So that we do not work against each other it seems best to tell you that I am paying the
translators at the rate of $6 per page or $9 per hour. This figure was suggested to me
by the Office of Manpower in Little Rock.
One of my Sisters, who has been translating for me, has become gravely ill and another was
transferred. So I took this to a friend who is well qualified, but who is not as apt to come
up with the archaic terms as well as the older Sisters do. She is the wife of Dr. Jack
Bornhofen and is pretty busy but she was gracious enough to help out. I also have another young
teacher who translates for me, besides the nuns—so I can nearly always get someone to help
out.
It may not be in your accumulated reference, but it is a fact that both the French and Spanish
governments encouraged blood alliances with the various Indian tribes, believing it to be the
surest kind of tie. Also, most Protestants are unaware that the Catholic Church was subordinate
to the government in those countries, therefore, the priests did not discourage alliances out of
wedlock to the extent that they would now. A female from either of these European countries
would have been utterly useless to these men who came to make their fortunes in the fur business.
No man, either white or Indian, would dress skins, since that was deemed woman's work, and
without a good skin-dresser a trapper, a hunter, or a skin buyer was really severely handicapped.
The Quapaws considered these marriages as being legitimate, according to their laws, and most
of the people in Arkansas did get married legally in the eyes of the Church, as well as in the
eyes of the French or Spanish governments. Some even went so far as to travel to either New
Orleans or Kaskaskia for that purpose.
At home (Quapaw, Oklahoma), the one family I recall with this name said it Du Shane. The French

May 31, 1980
Dear Dorothy,
So that we do not work against each other it seems best to tell you that I am paying the
translators at the rate of $6 per page or $9 per hour. This figure was suggested to me
by the Office of Manpower in Little Rock.
One of my Sisters, who has been translating for me, has become gravely ill and another was
transferred. So I took this to a friend who is well qualified, but who is not as apt to come
up with the archaic terms as well as the older Sisters do. She is the wife of Dr. Jack
Bornhofen and is pretty busy but she was gracious enough to help out. I also have another young
teacher who translates for me, besides the nuns—so I can nearly always get someone to help
out.
It may not be in your accumulated reference, but it is a fact that both the French and Spanish
governments encouraged blood alliances with the various Indian tribes, believing it to be the
surest kind of tie. Also, most Protestants are unaware that the Catholic Church was subordinate
to the government in those countries, therefore, the priests did not discourage alliances out of
wedlock to the extent that they would now. A female from either of these European countries
would have been utterly useless to these men who came to make their fortunes in the fur business.
No man, either white or Indian, would dress skins, since that was deemed woman's work, and
without a good skin-dresser a trapper, a hunter, or a skin buyer was really severely handicapped.
The Quapaws considered these marriages as being legitimate, according to their laws, and most
of the people in Arkansas did get married legally in the eyes of the Church, as well as in the
eyes of the French or Spanish governments. Some even went so far as to travel to either New
Orleans or Kaskaskia for that purpose.
At home (Quapaw, Oklahoma), the one family I recall with this name said it Du Shane. The French