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For example, there were multiple reports of migrants—some of whom may be trafficking victims—being held in detention centers, including those controlled by government-aligned authorities as well as non-state armed groups, where they were subject to overcrowding, torture, and denial of medical care.

Migrants seeking employment in Libya as laborers or domestic workers or who transit Libya en route to Europe are highly vulnerable to trafficking.

In previous years, migrants paid smuggling fees to reach Tripoli, often under false promises of employment or eventual transit to Europe.

Home » Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights » Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons » Releases, Media and Public Affairs » 2016 Trafficking in Persons Report » Country Narratives » Trafficking in Persons 2016 Report: Country Narratives » Libya (Special Case) Libya is a Special Case.

The Presidency Council of the Libyan Government of National Accord (GNA)—created through the Libyan Political Agreement signed in December 2015 and endorsed by the legislature in January 2016—did not arrive in the capital Tripoli until late March 2016.

SCOPE AND MAGNITUDE Libya is a destination and transit country for men and women from sub-Saharan Africa and Asia subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking, and there are reports of children being subjected to recruitment and use by armed groups within the country.

Due to widespread insecurity driven by militias, civil unrest, and increased lawlessness in Libya that continued to worsen in 2015, accurate information on human trafficking became increasingly difficult to obtain—in part due to the withdrawal of most diplomatic missions, international organizations, and NGOs in 2014.

Since 2013, numerous reports indicate militias, some of which are used as combat forces or security enforcement by the government, recruit and use Libyan children younger than the age of 18.

Trafficking networks reaching into Libya from Niger, Nigeria, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, and other sub-Saharan states subject migrants to forced labor and forced prostitution through fraudulent recruitment, confiscation of identity and travel documents, withholding or non-payment of wages, and debt bondage.

One 2014 account indicated criminal groups recruited Sudanese migrants to Libya through false job offers and forced them to work in agriculture with little or no pay.

Before the formation of the GNA Presidency Council, the Bayda-based government that had been in place had failed to control such groups, including those groups nominally under state control.

At the close of the reporting period, the GNA Presidency Council was only beginning to establish effective control over armed groups.

Before the GNA Presidency Council entered Tripoli, the Libyan government that had been in place since April 2015 and was appointed by the House of Representatives had been based in the eastern city of Bayda and operated without access to or control over Tripoli.

The IAFPI is the association of schools accredited by the American Polygraph Association (APA) to teach basic and advanced courses in Forensic Psychophysiology (polygraph). IAFPI schools are monitored ands inspected by the APA to ensure the training being offered in the art of truth verification meets the high standards of professionalism required by the APA.