Definition

The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta, an organ that provides nutrition. Umbilical cord prolapse occurs when the umbilical cord passes through the birth canal and into the vagina in front of the baby's head. It occurs after the membranes have ruptured.

As the baby passes through the birth canal during labor, it puts pressure on the umbilical cord. This compression of the umbilical cord decreases or can completely cut off blood flow and oxygen to the baby.

Umbilical cord prolapse is a dangerous condition that can cause stillbirth unless the baby is delivered quickly, usually by
cesarean section
(C-section). Most babies delivered quickly through cesarean section do not suffer from complications caused by this condition.

Symptoms

Seeing or feeling the umbilical cord in the vagina before the baby's delivery is a symptom of umbilical cord prolapse.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis is made when a pelvic examination is done to see and feel the umbilical cord present in the vagina in front of the baby's head.

Treatment

Treatment options include:

Delivery by C-section—If the baby cannot be quickly delivered vaginally.

Removing pressure from the cord—In some cases, the doctor may be able to move the baby away from the cord so as not to cut off oxygen supply to the baby. The mother may also be asked to move into a position that removes pressure from the cord and protects the baby.

Rapid delivery—If the mother is ready to deliver, the doctor may try to deliver the baby very quickly using forceps or a vacuum extractor.

Prevention

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.