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Study Problem

Foodborne illnesses are common, but many people do not know much about them. People need to know more so they can be protected from foodborne illness. But first, we need to know what people know and believe about foodborne illness.

Foodborne illness often causes vomiting and diarrhea. Restaurants are one source of foodborne illness. This study looked at people who believed their vomiting and diarrhea were caused by food they ate at restaurants.

Study Purpose

This study described people’s experience with and beliefs about foodborne illness.

Study Findings in Brief

People see foodborne illness as a minor sickness that can come from eating food in a restaurant. They think symptoms of foodborne illness occur soon after eating the food. This is not true for many common foodborne illnesses.

Most people do not tell health departments about sickness they think came from food eaten at a restaurant. Health departments use this information for investigations.

Study Method

Participants

We surveyed 1,508 people in nine EHS-Net sites who had vomiting or diarrhea in the previous month.

Data Collection

We surveyed people by phone to ask about their sickness and what they thought caused it.

Study Results

Beliefs About What Made People Sick

Almost one-quarter of people believed a restaurant meal caused their sickness.

Those who believed their sickness was caused by a restaurant meal were more likely to have

Been younger than 33 years of age.

Had some college education.

Eaten out in the week before the interview.

Those who had diarrhea but not vomiting and those who did not miss work because of illness were more likely to believe a meal in a restaurant caused their illness.

People believed the restaurant meal caused their illness because

Of timing (how long it was between when they ate and when they got sick) (43%).

The meal looked or tasted bad or undercooked (16%).

Others who ate with them got sick (6%).

Timing

Just over one-half (54%) of people who believed their illness was caused by a meal in a restaurant said it began within 5 hours of eating the meal.

Those who said timing was why they thought a restaurant meal caused their sickness said they got sick in less time (6.6 hours) than those who did not believe this (9.1 hours).

Reporting Illness to Restaurant or Health Department

Less than one-tenth (8%) of people who believed their illness was caused by a restaurant meal said they reported it.

Those with vomiting and those who missed work because of their illness were more likely to report their illness.

Study Conclusions

Those with a milder sickness (diarrhea but not vomiting; did not miss work) were more likely to believe their illness was caused by a meal in a restaurant. This suggests that people think foodborne illness is a minor sickness they get from eating food in a restaurant.

54% of people who believed a restaurant meal caused their illness said their illness began within 5 hours of eating the meal. Those who gave timing as the reason for their belief were more likely to say they got sick sooner after the meal. These findings suggest that people may believe that foodborne illness symptoms occur shortly after eating the food. This is not true for many common foodborne illnesses.

Many people do not know how long it takes for sickness from food to happen. This means they likely do not know which meals caused their illness.

Younger people and people who ate out recently were more likely to think their illness was caused by a meal in a restaurant. This may be because they were more likely to have eaten a restaurant meal around the time of their illness.

Most (92%) people do not tell restaurants or health departments about sickness they think might be from food eaten in a restaurant.

EHS-Net Recommends

Public health programs should teach the public about

Foodborne illnesses and how soon they can make people sick. People will then be better able to find out what might have made them sick.

How important it is to report when you think you have a foodborne illness. It is vital to report suspected illnesses when more than one person gets sick from eating the same meal. The restaurant or health department needs to know so they can find, study, and stop foodborne illness outbreaks.