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137 Cards in this Set

1. People live in an urban settled environment
2. Farming
3. Occupational specialization - (first to break out were leaders (political and religious)
4. Writing

What are the 4 requirements of civilization?

1. People live in an urban settled environment
2. Farming
3. Occupational specialization - (first to break out were leaders (political and religious)
4. Writing

What does the name Mesopotamia mean?

Land between the rivers

Think about the location of Mesopotamia.

On what modern Country is Mesopotamia located?

Iraq

War torn middle eastern country.

Between what two geographical Landmarks did civilization begin?

Tigris and Euphrates Rivers

Rivers

Who settled in Mesopotamia around 3000 BC and was said to be the first group to meet all four requirements of civilization?

The Sumerians

Begins with an S.

What was the source of the arugments between the different Sumerian City states?

Material's necessary to survive. i.e. water and land.

Who attempted to unite the Sumerians around 2340 BC and created a mostly military empire with no emotional or devotional unity amongst its citizens?

Sargon of Akkad

What is the Empire that Sargon created known as?

The first Sumerian Empire

Who reigned the Sumerians from 1792-1750 and triend to unite them on an emotional level?

Hammurabi

famous for his law code

Under Hammurabi who was decreed the supreme God?

Marduk

Under Hammurabi's law code, punishment depended on the class of who?

the victim

victim or criminal?

What is the form of writing that the Sumerians used by making wedge shaped impresions in clay and then baking it.

cuneiform

What are the Sumerian religious centers that are reminiscent of pyramids called?

Ziggurats

What is the moral of the Epic of Gilgamesh?

That immortality is only for the gods.

Where was the best farmland in the ancient world located?

The Nile Delta.

What did the reliabilty and predicitibility of the nile give to the Egyptians

A feeling of Security.

What is the name of the area located geographically south of the Nile Delta?

Upper Egypt

What is then name of the area located on the Nile Delta?

Lower Egypt

What was the name given to the fertile land covered with silt?

Black Land

Dark

What did the Egyptians refer to the desert as?

Red Land

as opposed to Black Land

During what period of Egyptian History did recognition of Pahraoh's begin?

Old Kingdom

What was the capital of Egypt during the Old Kingdom

Memphis

city in tennessee

Who was considered by some to be the first pharaoh?

Menes

what are the small, individually governed subdivisions of Egypt known as?

nomes

What was the leader of a nome known as?

Nomarch

What was an advisor or assistant to the pharaoh known as?

Vizier

what is the concept that egyptians lived by, embracing truth, justice, order, and harmony known as?

Ma'at

During which period of Egyptian history did patterns for art, achitecture and culture develop?

The Old Kingdom

Which periods of Egyptian History were charicterized by internal confusion, power shifted from pharaoh (unbalanced washing machine),
outside invasion,
ends with a return to normal

the intermediate periods

Which period of Egyptian history lasted from 2055 BC to 1650 BC and was characterized by change?

The Middle Kingdom

During the middle kingdom the capital city changed from Memphis to where?

Thebes

during the middle kingdom the capital city of EGypt changed from Memphis to what

thebes

during the middle kingdom the pharaoh took on a new role as the _______ of his people

shepard

during the middle kingdom the pharaoh became responsible for what?

public works and welfare

What is the name of the Egyptian god who became the judge of the dead?

Osiris

Who was the wife of Osiris

Isis

What was the test used to judge egyptians at death

the heart was placed on one side of a scale and a feather on the other...to pass the heart had to be lighter than a feather

what are the two qualifications that an egyptian must meet to have life after death

1. must be mummified
2. must pass the test

what is the charactizing word used to describe the new kingdom

empire

which kingom of egypt was characterized by a larger state with new people caused by great immigration into egypt?

New Kingdom

during which kingdom of egypt did the state become a military power?

new kingdom

during which kingdom of egypt did slavery become a problem

new kingdom

who created mass relgious confusion during the new kingdom after he changed the relationship betwen the gods and the pharaoh?

Amenhutep IV

what is the hebrew term that refers to the delta of egypt?

goshen

what term is used to describe the time when the hebrews left bondage in egpt and wandered the desert for 40 years

exodus

who was the first king of the israelites from 1020-1000BC

Saul

who succeeded saul as king of the israelites, defeated the philistines, and established control over palestine?

David

who was david's son, and did even more than his father to strengthen the royal power in israel

Solomon

what is Solomon's best known project and what is now kept there?

the temple of jerusulum - - - the ark of the covenant

under which israelite king was the state at the height of its power?

Solomon

After Solomon's death Israel split into what to seperate kingdoms?

Israel and Judah

Which kingdom of the newly split israel state was in the south, contained two tribes, and had jerusulum as its capital?

Judah

Israel was destroyed by which nation?

Assyria

Judah managed to remain indepent but was forced to pay tribute to which nation?

Assyria

in the 6th century israelites came to terms with what new religious idea?

monotheism

israelites believed that they were in a covenant with their god and if they obeyed him in return they would receive?

the promised land

These people were considered to be amongst the greatest sea traders of their time

Phonecians

What was Tyre

a major sea port of the phoenicians

The phonecians developed what that later influenced the smae thing in many other cultures

an alphabet and the principles of phonics

what people first appeared around 1360 BC

The Assyrians

who was one of the rulers underwhich the empire really got going around (114-1076)

Tiglath-Pilesar

what was the capital of assyria?

ninevah

what new tactic did the assyrian military develop as a tool?

terror

what development gave assyrian military weapons an edge

metal

what type of warfare did assyrians employ in the mountains

geurrilla

who was Cyrus the first the leader of?

The persians

What modern country did the persian empire lay on

Iran

The Persians were one of the first to use what in their military power

a cavalry

the persian empire was broken down into subdivisions called _______

satrapies

The persians were able to devlop their communication abilities by developing an network of what

roads

the religion of the persians

Zoroastrianism

the holy book of Zoroastrianism

zend avesta

The supreme diety in Zoroastrianism

Ahuramazda

the evil diety in zoroastrianism

ahriman

How many times did the greeks build their civilization before it lasted

3

where did the first beginning of the greek civilization take place

crete

what is knossus

a city on the northern shore of crete were the greek palace was located. lasted from 2000-1450 BC

who is arthur evans and what is he known for

an archeologist - first to investigate the greeks

who were the minoans

the greeks that lived on the island of crete

who were they mycenaens

the peoples that revived the greek civilization after its first decline. they were traders

what is the basis for the modern stories of the trojan war?

the mycenaens sailed to the city of illium battled and overtook the city.1250BC

what age of greek history took place from 1100-750 BC

the dark ages

what period in egyptian history took place from 2686-2125BC

old kingdom

what period of egyptian history took place from 2055-1650BC

middle kingdom

what period of egyptian history took place from 1550-1070BC

new kingdom

who showed up during the dark ages of grecian history

dorians

what were the first great epic poems of ancient greece

homer's the illiad and the odessy

what period of grecian history took place from 750-500BC

the archaic age

what is a polis

the greek version of a city state

what is an acropolis

the high point of a city state where temples and religious buildings stood

what is an agora

a market in a city state

what is a phalanx

the rectangular formation the greek armies went to battle in

why was colonization important during the archaic age

the greeks believed that anything good that happened happened because you were part of a city state

what was the worst form of punishment considered to be during the archaic age

ostricism

what are the five forms of greek government

monarchy, despotism, oligarchy, tyrann, democracy

what is a monarchy

ruled by one

what is despotism

an absolute and autocratic ruler

who were the two main greek city states

sparta and athens

where was sparta located

in southern peloponisis in an area called lacoina

what was sparta's basic problem

they were landlocked

who did the spartans take over in 730 BC and why

the messenians - they wanted their unused farm land

who is given credit for reforming sparta into the intensely military power it bacame

lycurgas

what did life in sparta center around

the military

what form of government did athens begin with

oligarchy

who was solon

a famous athenian oligarch who solved the major debt problems in athens

how did solon deal with the question of citizen ship

he came up with a multi level definition of citizenship

what is despotism

an absolute and autocratic ruler

who were the two main greek city states

sparta and athens

where was sparta located

in southern peloponisis in an area called lacoina

what was sparta's basic problem

they were landlocked

who did the spartans take over in 730 BC and why

the messenians - they wanted their unused farm land

who is given credit for reforming sparta into the intensely military power it bacame

lycurgas

what did life in sparta center around

the military

what form of government did athens begin with

oligarchy

who was solon

a famous athenian oligarch who solved the major debt problems in athens

how did solon deal with the question of citizen ship

he came up with a multi level definition of citizenship based on class

who seized power in athens in 560BC and made himself a tyrant

pisistratus

what did cleisthenes inroduce to greece

democracy

what was the greek deomocratic system like

only citizens of a certain class could take part in the decision making process...and instead of voting for representatives to make decisions on the issues they voted on the issues themselves at assembly. the chariment was the leader of the assembly and it was his job to see that the decisions of the group were carried out.

what period of grecian history took place from 500-338 BC

the classical age

what was happening for most of the grecian classical age

they were at war

what started in 449BC and ended in 479BC

The persian wars

what were the persian wars actually

a series of clashes between the greeks and persians that took place over a twenty year span

why did the persians fight the greeks

they wanted to spread their territory into the ionian or northern city states of greece

what happened at the battle of marathon

the persians tried to cut of the athenian support of greece in 490 BC...the greeks won and messengers were sent to tell the news of victory running 26 miles which is were we get the distance for a modern marathon

what happened at the battle of thermopylae

occurred in 480 BC most of the warrior were spartans but the greeks were greatly outnumbered...one of the spartan soldiers turned traitor and showed the persians a back way into the city. the persians looted and torced the city the greeks lost...it was the last battle of the persian war

who was the chairman of athens during the end of the persian war and what promise did he maker

periclies - he said that athens would rebuild and be better than before because it would be made out of marble instead of wood

what was the delian leauge

a system set up by the greeks and run by the athenians in which all the city states would send money every year to build up a strong military power with which the greeks could fight the persians

what was the peloponeisan war and what led to it

it was a civil war in greece with athens and her supporters on one side and sparta and hers on the other. it started over disputes caused by the delian leauge lasted from 460-404 BC

what made it harder for Athens to fight in the peloponesian wars

1/3 of their population died in a plauge

who won the pelopnisian wars

sparta

what happened to sparta a in 395 BC a few years after the peloponisan wars

they fought in the corinthian wars and were defeated

who was herodotus

a greek historian who wrote an account of the persian wars which isn't taken extremely seriously because he added accounts of the gods actions in the war

who was thucydides

a greek historian who wrote an account of the persian wars that is taken more seriously than that of herodotus