With a few exceptions, the emerging field of production studies has dealt mainly with the analysis of Western film industries. This chapter addresses this gap by looking at the growing African digital ... [more ▼]

With a few exceptions, the emerging field of production studies has dealt mainly with the analysis of Western film industries. This chapter addresses this gap by looking at the growing African digital film production industries in Southern Nigeria and Ethiopia, and by pointing out the specificities of the production cultures that have emerged within this context. By applying an ethnographic approach to the study of film production, this chapter highlights the ambiguous position that digital film production occupies in these two countries between, on the one hand, the creation of new avenues of economic and social mobility, and on the other the emergence of strategies of exclusion and control. [less ▲]

The wheat germ oil may constitute an alternative to the misuse of this cereal grain resource. The Tunisian exploitation is limited, at present, in the human and animal feed in the grain form, straw or ... [more ▼]

The wheat germ oil may constitute an alternative to the misuse of this cereal grain resource. The Tunisian exploitation is limited, at present, in the human and animal feed in the grain form, straw or some transformed products. For the purpose of characterization, the wheat germ oil has been extracted by Soxhlet apparatus from a Tunisian variety of durum wheat (Maali) based on the hexane as a solvent. An analysis by gas chromatography (GC) was then performed to identify and quantify the fatty acids of the oil. Then, the oil has submitted to a second chromatography analysis in liquid phase (HPLC) to quantify the tocopherols. The most important fatty acids constituting have been the two polyunsaturated acids linoleic acid C18:2 (OMEGA 6) and the gamma acid- linoleic C18:3 : 58.24 % and 4.19 % respectively; and the acid monounsaturated oleic acid C18:1 ( 24.49 %) but also some saturated acid: palmitic acid C16:0 with ( 19.50 % ), and the stearic acid C18:0 (1.29%). For this variety of Tunisian durum wheat, the wheat germ oil contains, in addition, 80.27 mg / 100g of α- tocopherols (vitamin E). The wheat germ oil extracted from the Tunisian variety 'Maali' has proved rich in vitamin E and omega-6 ; a better valorisation on the nutritional or pharmaceutical plan is to this title recommended. [less ▲]

BACKGROUND: Single cell biology has attracted a lot of attention these past few years and has led to numerous fundamental results pointing out the heterogeneity of clonal cell populations. In this context ... [more ▼]

BACKGROUND: Single cell biology has attracted a lot of attention these past few years and has led to numerous fundamental results pointing out the heterogeneity of clonal cell populations. In this context, microbial phenotypic heterogeneity under bioprocessing conditions needs to be further investigated. In this study, yeast based processes have been investigated by using on-line flow cytometry in combination with a fluorescent transcriptional reporter (GFP) and viability fluorescence tags (propidium iodide, PI). Methods aiming at expressing the dispersion of these fluorescence tags among the yeast populations have been investigated for different bioreactor operating conditions. RESULTS: Yeast viability was determined on the basis of PI uptake. Segregation between PI negative and positive subpopulations could be efficiently quantified on the basis of the mean-to-median ratio or the amplitude of the interquartile range. On the other hand, the same quantification could not be made for the segregation occurring at the level of GFP synthesis. Indeed, when cells were exposed to sub-lethal or mild stresses (such as in scale-down reactors) two GFP subpopulations could be visualized by real-time FC, but quantification by one of the above-mentioned methods was not possible. CONCLUSIONS: Yeast population heterogeneity was observed in representative bioreactor operating conditions. Difficulties for the determination of segregation at the level of GFP synthesis point out the fact that one needs to understand the segregation mechanisms for the applied fluorescent reporters, to judge whether simple mathematical tools may be applied or if more sophisticated computational tools are needed for the quantification of the microbial population segregation. [less ▲]

Light pollution is defined as the abnormal and disturbing presence of light and its adverse consequences on flora, faunae, ecosystems and its suspected or proven effects on human health. Light pollution ... [more ▼]

Light pollution is defined as the abnormal and disturbing presence of light and its adverse consequences on flora, faunae, ecosystems and its suspected or proven effects on human health. Light pollution is a quite recent and increasing phenomenon within our society and it leads to a major environmental damage, obviously near wildlife, but also on human health (cancers, obesity, fatigue, depression...). The solutions to this problem are however simple, efficient and de facto inexpensive and involving a substantial energy saving. [less ▲]