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1.5 Probability of avalanche If there is no constraint, probabilities of void and bump are same (symmetric) Actually, there is asymmetry on probability. There is a mechanism for symmetry breaking for avalanche propagation distribution. 7

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16 Key question : we should establish control knob for d 2 T/dr 2 Can we actively control direction of intrinsic rotation? -- Diamond paradigm cf. Dueck mechanism for edge IR. Can we actively control NTV offset toroidal rotation? -- may be possible Can local ECH help to control temperature curvature? -- not yet done. Dueck PRL2012