The first armed units in the underground Kholm okruha, which comprised two counties (povity) — Hrubeshiv and Belz — may be traced to the years 1942-43, when they were created in reaction to Polish actions against the Ukrainian population in these territories. These were various fighting units that were operating in different raions of this territory. Anatol’ Sydoruk (“Iastrub”-“Dub”) was one of the first organizers of self-defence in Hrubeshiv county.[1]

In May 1943 “Karpo’s”[2] fighting unit already existed in this territory. Sometime later, commander “Iahoda”[3] arrived in the territory with a subunit numbering forty individuals.[4] “Iahoda” organized this subunit in the Volyn’ region, filling it with refugees from the Kholm region.[5] Both of these units were joined into one company under “Iahoda’s” command, and shortly afterwards it departed once again for Volyn’ for further training and reinforcement.[6] There the command of UPA-North named it the 1st Kholm Company of the UPA.[7] In March 1944 “Iahoda’s” company, as part of Military Okruha 2-“Buh”, together with the “Brodiaha,” “Korsak,” and “Morozenko” units, took part in battles against the Armija Krajowa near Posadiv. In April 1944 the company, together with a detachment led by “Ostrivskyi,”[8] who had arrived from Volyn’, and “Hromovyi’s” unit, fought a great battle in the village of Nabruzh against a German Panzer unit, in which it suffered great losses and was dispersed. Later, on 16 October 1944, the company, after being reorganized and reinforced, was renamed “Vovky.”[9]

At approximately this time the leader “Sviatoslav” issued an order to Ievhen Libors’kyi (“Roman”) to organize a new fighting unit. “Bul’ba’s” fighting unit also began operating in the territory. Both subunits were eventually merged, and commander “Dub” (“Iastrub”) took over the unit’s command.

After “Iahoda’s” company returned from Volyn, in April 1944 “Bulba,” who until that time had been the platoon leader of “Dub’s” company, was transferred to “Iahoda” and replaced by “Kruk”-“Zirka.”[11] In June 1944 a unit [“Tyhry”?] numbering around two hundred people, under the command of “Romko,” arrived on the territory of the Kholm region. For a certain period of time “Iahoda’s” company was also joined to this unit. During this period “Zirka,” along with twenty people, was transferred from “Dub’s” company to “Romko’s” unit.[12]

In the summer of 1944, on the initiative of the leader “Zhen,” a battalion comprising four companies under the command of “Iurchenko”, who was later exposed as a provocateur, was created through mobilization, ostensibly to reinforce the military forces on the territories of the Kholm region.[13] This battalion walked into or was led into an ambush and defeated by NKVD troops (only one company, under “Hromovyi’s” command, escaped).[14] As a result of these events and in view of internal conflicts within the organization, in March 1945 commander “Vadym” was dispatched from Volyn for control purposes.[15] He carried out a reorganization of the oblast; he also took leader “Zhen” back with him to Volyn’, where, as rumour has it, he was accused of treason and executed. In addition, commander “Vadym,” aiming to reinforce discipline, passed death sentences on five members of the organization, including commander “Iahoda,” who were opposed to “Zhen”.[16] With the exception of “Iahoda,” whose soldiers came to his defence, “Zenon” (Leonid Lapins’kyi) carried out all the sentences, thus further weakening an already feeble organization in this territory.

During this period Nadraion Hrubeshiv was also created by means of a reorganization. [17] The leadership of this nadraion was composed of the following individuals: Nadraion leader Petro Balko (“Sviatoslav”); Security Service leader Leonid Lapins’kyi (“Zenon”), who until then had been the county Security Service leader in the Hrubeshiv region; Propaganda leader Koza (“Iaropolk”); Military Affairs leader “Atos” (until then the Belz county leader).

Before his departure for Volyn’, commander “Vadym” convened an informational meeting of the nadraion and raion leaderships in Dolbychiv Forest in the Korchynok colony. All the participants, numbering fourteen individuals, were ambushed by a NKVD unit and killed.[18] The sole survivors were “Zenon,” who allegedly arrived late for the meeting, and “Atos.” As a result, “Zenon” became nadraion leader and held this post from April to June 1945.[19]

In May 1945 Ievhen Shtendera (“Zoriany,” “Prirva,” “Nerv”) arrived on the territory of the Kholm region from the Liubachiv region, where he had been since January 1945, following his arrival from the USSR. Eventually, in July 1945 the Security Service leader of the Krai leadership of Zakerzonnia Petro Fedoriv (“Dal’nych”) appointed him Leader of the 3rd OUN Okruha. Shtendera says, nevertheless, that an Okruha leadership was never formed, although members of the leadership were designated. Ievhen Shtendera (“Prirva”) and Leonid Lapins’kyi (“Zenon”) were simultaneously in charge of Nadraion “Lyman” in the
Hrubeshiv region.[20]

Already earlier, in March 1945, “Iahoda” was designated the commander of Tactical Sector 28 “Danyliv.”[21] He also organized another company, “Vovky” II, in accordance with an order that he received from M. Onyshkevych (“Orest”) still in November 1944.[22]

In April 1945 the group led by Volodymyr Syvak (“Zirka”) was transformed into a special fighting subunit. It operated until 18 January 1946, when Syvak fell into enemy hands at the very time that his group was supposed to be merged with a unit led by Ievhen Iashchuk (“Duda”), and he was supposed to become company commander.[23]

The Security Service fighting units of “Tsyba” and “Iasen’,” the Northern Special Forces Unit [VOP: Viddil osoblyvoho pryznachennia], the fighting unit led by Ievhen Oleniuk (“Ostap,” “Okhrim”) in the Hrubeshiv region, and others are also mentioned on the territory of the Kholm region during this period.

November 1945 heralded a new reorganization and the creation of two units — “Vovky” I and “Vovky” II. The commander of “Vovky” I (99) unit became Mykhailo Kuras (“Krapka”), who commanded the unit until his death on 26 February 1946. After him the commander of the unit was Vasyl Koltoniuk (“Kropyva”), who was killed shortly afterwards, in the second half of May. He was replaced by Petro Lahoda (“Hromovyi”), a former company commander from Military Okruha “Buh,” who, owing to his poor health, was transferred to the Tactical Sector command. His post was taken over by “Krylatyi,” who carried out this function for a very short while before his death in battle on 21 August 1946. After him the unit was taken over by Vasyl Iarmola (“Iar”), who was transferred from the battalion of Ivan Shpontak (“Zalizniak”); he commanded it until his death in July or August 1947.[24]

The “Vovky” II (100) unit, whose commander from the very beginning was “Bahrianyi,” then “Lys” and “Duda,” was also divided into two subunits. “Lys” was transferred to “Zalizniak.”[25] According to plans, one subunit, under “Duda’s” command, was supposed to be joined in January 1946 with a special fighting subunit 557 led by “Kruk”-“Zirka.” After “Zirka’s” capture in mid-January 1946, the command was taken over by Ievhen Syvak (“Haida”), who was killed in a battle with NKVD troops on 26 February 1946 with most of his soldiers.[26] The survivors reinforced other subunits. The unit remained under the command of “Duda” as “Vovky” II until his death in August 1947.

The second subunit operated under the command of Vasyl Borutskyi (“Lev”). After his death in May 1946 it was under the command of “Davyd” (“Sokil”), who was appointed to this position from the staff of M. Onyshkevych, the commander of Military Okruha “Sian.” This unit was named “Vovky” III.[27] It should be mentioned here that during the entire existence of the Zakerzonnia krai, individual units belonging to Tactical Sector “Buh,” e.g., the “Halaida” II unit,[28] under the command of Vasyl Kral’ (“Chavs”), the “Kochovyky” subunit, under the command of “Shtyl’,” and the “Perebyinis” subunit, under the command of “Shumskyi,” spent time in this territory, particularly in the territories of Tactical Sector “Danyliv”. On its return to Ukraine the latter unit was completely wiped out by NKVD troops.

Myroslav Onyshkevych (“Bohdan,”“Orest,”“Bilyi”) was well acquainted with the situation in the Kholm and Liubachiv regions. (In 1943 he was responsible for organization and mobilization in L’viv oblast and helped to organize Ukrainian National Self-Defence units in neighbouring territories. Later, he was the deputy of the commander of Military Okruha 2-“Buh” Vasyl’ Levkovych (“Voronyi”), and finally the commander of Military Okruha UPA 6-“Sian” in Zakerzonnia.) He also travelled to the Kholm region several times on official business and afterwards consistently devoted much attention to this territory, as is evident from the information that was obtained from his interrogations by the Polish investigative organs after “Zenon’s” betrayal and his [Onyshkevych’s] arrest in 1948.[29]

The death of commander “Iahoda” also triggered changes in the command of Tactical Sector “Danyliv.” He was replaced by the okruha leader of the 3rd Kholm Okruha Ievhen Shtendera (“Prirva,” “Nerv”), who accepted this position in December 1945. He remained in this post until 15 November 1946, when Volodymyr Sorochak (“Voron,” “Berkut”) replaced him. “Berkut” was the last commander of Tactical Sector “Danyliv” until its liquidation in 1947, when he and several other people received an order to depart for the American zone of occupation in Germany.[30]

The underground structure on the territory of Pidliashshia was very weak. Thus, in the summer and autumn of 1944 measures were undertaken to strengthen it. With this goal in mind, one platoon from “Iahoda’s” company, under the command of “Iastrub,” was dispatched there. This raid did not produce any results, because it was not possible to locate anyone from the former OUN network. In November 1944 the leader Zaborovets’ (“Zhen”) decided to send a group of four people into the territory to renew activities. This group was composed of natives of Pidliashshia: “Khmara,” Ivan Romanechko (“Volodia,” “Iaryi”), “Mykola”-“Fes,” and Ivan Shamryk (“Chub”).[32]

This group succeeded in restoring the clandestine network in Pidliashshia, organizing Security Service fighting units, and recruiting some sixty-seventy individuals for active cooperation.[33] This served as the basis for the creation in 1945 of Nadraion “Levada,” which was comprised of four raions, three of them in the Volodava region and one in the county of Bila Pidlias’ka. These structures operated in conditions of such deep conspiracy that it escaped the attentions of the Office of Public Security [Pol.: UBP — Urz¹d Bezpieczêñstwa Publicznego] until the end of July 1945.[34] “Khmara” was killed in autumn 1945, and the post of nadraion leader was taken over by Ivan Romanechko (“Iaryi”), who continued to head the Security Service Section.

However, attempts to create a separate UPA unit for this territory were unsuccessful, and therefore in order to carry out certain operational and propaganda assignments the underground leadership had to use UPA raiding units from the territory of Nadraion “Lyman” or from Military Okruha “Buh.”

The “Perebyinis” and “Kochovyky” companies, commanded by “Shums’kyi” and “Shtyl’”, respectively, arrived here in early July 1945. Both units left Nadraion “Levada” in August. “Shums’kyi” was dispersed while crossing the border into the USSR, while “Shtyl’” returned to Nadraion “Lyman.”[35]

Toward the end of August, the “Halaida” II subunit, under the command of Vasyl’ Kral’ (“Chavs”), set out for Nadraion “Levada.” Its members remained there until the end of October, acting as bodyguards for the Ukrainian delegation at the talks with the Polish underground and also carrying out propaganda assignments among the Polish and Ukrainian population.

In mid-October 1945 the “Vovky” I company, under the command of Mykhailo Kuras (“Krapka”), arrived in Pidliashshia, with the assignment to spend the winter of 1945-1946 here.[36] However, this company also did not succeed in establishing itself permanently in this territory and in late December returned to Nadraion “Lyman.”

In the summer of 1946 the leadership of Nadraion “Levada” organized several Security Service fighting units by means of mobilization, but owing to the desertion of several people who had been mobilized and to collaboration with the enemy, the underground suffered a serious setback.

In early August the “Halaida” II unit was sent once again to Pidliashshia with the aim of fortifying its presence in the territory, but it did not remain there for long and once again returned to Nadraion “Lyman.”

In September 1946 “Ostap’s” Security Service fighting unit, from Nadraion “Lyman,” also spent time in the nadraion.

The leadership of Nadraion “Levada” was refusing to give up. In December 1946, at a meeting with “Prirva,” Ivan Romanechko (“Volodia”) made a request for another UPA unit to be sent to his territory.[37] This request was granted either by “Prirva” or Volodymyr Sorochak (“Berkut”), who in the meantime had become the commander of Tactical Sector “Danyliv”, for in late April 1947 “Davyd’s” unit was dispatched to Pidliashshia. However, by June it was based once again on the territory of the Hrubeshiv region, where commander “Davyd” was killed on 20 June 1947. At approximately the same time (18 June1947) Ivan Romanechko (“Volodia”-“Iaryi”), the leader of Nadraion “Levada” was killed; Ivan Shamryk (“Chub”) was then appointed to replace him.

The final raid into Pidliashshia should be considered the arrival of “Shepel’s” subunit from “Halaida” II unit in late August 1947. Afterwards, various clandestine groups, as well as individual leaders of the 3rd OUN Okruha and Tactical Sector “Danyliv” came through this territory. However, they were not assigned to operate here, although individual groups of clandestine members remained in this territory until May 1948.

This volume contains documents and materials pertaining to UPA Tactical Sector “Danyliv” (the Kholm and Pidliashshia regions), which from 1945 formed part of Section 6 of UPA Military Okruha “Sian” and the 3rd OUN Okruha, comprising two nadraions — “Lyman” and “Levada.” Until then this territory was subordinated to Volyn’. The majority of the documents contained in this volume are from The Peter J. Potichnyj Collection on Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Ukraine, located in Robarts Library at the University of Toronto. These documents were collected by the Polish Communist authorities as material evidence against the commander of the UPA Military Okruha-6 “Sian” Myroslav Onyshkevych (“Orest”, “Oleh”) and were preserved in the archives of the Polish Security Service. Individual documents are from the External Representation of the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council [Zakordonne Predstavnytstvo Ukrainskoi Holovnoi Vyzvolnoi Rady] and from Archive of the “Litopys UPA” in the safekeeping by Ievhen Shtendera. Dr. Modest Ripeckyj’s article is based on documents belonging to the author. The memoirs of Ivan Rosil and Iuliian Kotlar were presented to the editorial board by the authors.

This volume consists of several sections, which contain documents and materials on various topics.

The first section contains documents describing early UPA actions in the Hrubeshiv region, when this territory still belonged to Volyn’. Other documents mention the beginnings of the UPA unit “Vovky” and others that operated in this territory.[38] This is followed by a report by “Oleh” (“Orest,” “Bilyi”), the commander of UPA Military Okruha 6-“Sian,[39] which provides a general survey of the situation in the territory. These reports are followed by the “Khronika” [Chronicle] of the UPA battalion “Vovky,” which covers the period from 24 August 1944 to late December 1944 and from early March to 11 July 1945.[40] The chronicle was compiled and written by the secretary of the Sector Command, Ivan Syvak (“Bosfor”). It describes in rather laconic fashion the battalion’s main military actions and enemy actions. The next section consists of the “Operational Reports” of the “Vovky” I, II, and III units, covering the period from October 1945 to March 1947. These reports were written by various individuals who occupied important posts in the Sector Command, e.g., the secretary “Bosfor” and the commander of the sector “Prirva,” and afterwards the secretary “Hromovyi” and the commander of the sector “Berkut.” Some of the reports come from subunits and were written by subunits’ secretaries, like, e.g., “Surmach” and commander “Davyd” or commander “Chumak.”

Among the reports from the subunits are the “Khronika” [Chronicle] of the “Halaida” II unit (author: Political Instructor “Enei”), a General Report on the raid into Pidliashshia (commander “Chavs”), and the Results of the inspection of the subunit in April 1947. Also included are reports from the “Kochovyky” subunit (Warrant Officer “Bilyi” and Commander “Shtyl’”) and the “Perebyinis” subunit (Commander “Shums’kyi”), which was written by “Maksym.” These three subunits — “Perebyinis,” “Halaida” II, and “Kochovyky” — were part of the Military Okruha 2-“Buh” units and were considered visiting units in the territories of Tactical Sector 28-“Danyliv.”[41]

The chapter entitled “Operatyvni zvity” [Operational Reports] consists of twenty-three reports covering the period from December 1945 to March 1947. Reports for the months of March and August 1946 are missing, as well as the majority of reports from subunits, on the basis of which Tactical Sector reports were prepared for transmission to the commander of Military Okruha “Sian.” These operational reports provide a more detailed survey of the actions of UPA units in the territories of the Kholm and Pidliashshia regions.[42]

In the chapter entitled “Politvykhovni zvity” [Political Instruction Reports] a document concerning a unit inspection,[43] a report on political instruction,[44] and the text of a song about commander “Iahoda”[45] have been included to provide a better glimpse into the lives of UPA soldiers. These documents indicate that the UPA command devoted considerable attention to their soldiers’ political and moral state. The unit’s state of health and the “Vovky” I unit’s supplies of medicine are evident from a report by the medical orderly “Kalyna,”[46] while economic matters are the subjects of reports by “Tiatyva” (“Vovky” 100-554 and 555), “Chumak,” and “Kruk” (“Vovky” Ib), and “Dub.”[47]

The following chapter contains materials about the visiting UPA units “Halaida” II[48] and “Kochovyky.”[49]

The next section lists the composition of the non-commissioned officers’ and officers’ staff of the “Vovky” I and “Vovky” II units.[50] This is followed by the protocols of informational meetings of all unit commands from February 1947 with the Tactical Sector commander “Berkut”[51] and of the “Vovky” 99 unit from January 1947, when it was taken over by commander “Iaryi.”[52]

Next are lists of fatalities, covering the years 1945, 1946, and 1947.[53] The chapter entitled “Nakazy” [Orders] contains the orders of Military Okruha “Sian” pertaining to the nominations and distinctions awarded to UPA soldiers, as well as several orders issued on the occasion of holidays by the commander of Military Okruha “Sian” and the commander of Tactical Sector “Danyliv.”[54]

The chapter entitled “Instructions” contains various instructions and models of how to write political instruction and medical reports and how to keep the units’ fiscal books and personal data lists.[55]

The next part of the book contains reports from the commander of Military Okruha UPA 6-“Sian” M. Onyshkevych (“Oleh,” “Orest”) to the commander of UPA-West Col. Vasyl Sydor (“Shelest”)[56] and messages relayed from Volodymyr Sorochak (“Berkut,” “Voron”), the commander of Tactical Sector 28-“Danyliv,” to the commander of Military Okruha “Sian” M. Onyshkevych. These documents cover the period from 26 November 1946 to 25 July 1947.[57] Also included is a message dated 12 September 1946, which was sent by commander “Kruk” to “Oleh.”[58]

The following chapter includes a document entitled “Zobov’iazannia vstupaiuchykh do UPA” [Obligations of Those Joining the UPA]. It is of interest if only because no such requirements were demanded of new members joining the UPA in other territories. The text of this document is very reminiscent of the text of the Oath sworn by UPA soldiers.[59] This chapter also lists disciplinary measures and the protocols of the disarming of privates and the military court.[60]

The next chapter is devoted to the underground postal service and in particular to the correspondence between Military Okruha “Sian” and the Krai Military Headquarters (KVSh) (Col. “Shelest”), as well as the internal correspondence of the OUN leaders of Zakerzonnia.[61]

This is followed by a number of protocols describing various military actions that were carried out on the territory of Tactical Sector “Danyliv,” most of them in 1944.[62]

The next chapter contains several descriptions of an action carried out against the town of Hrubeshiv, which took place jointly with Polish units of Wolnosc i Niepodleglosc [WiN]. They were written by the then commander of the Tactical Sector Ievhen Shtendera (“Prirva”), Vsevolod Pshepiursky (“Ikar,” “Skob”), and “Davyd,” the commander of one of the “Vovky” subunits.[63]

The second section of the book is devoted to documents of the 3rd OUN Okruha. The first part groups together documents from Nadraion “Lyman” (Hrubeshiv region) and Nadraion “Levada” (Pidliashshia). The documents from Nadraion “Lyman” include “Terenovi vistky” [Field News] for the period from 3 January 1946 to 1 May 1947, an “Informational Report” of January-February 1947, and several issues of the Socio-Political Report for February through April 1946.[64] Among the documents pertaining to Nadraion “Levada” are “Terenovi vistky” [Field News] (February-November 1946), “Politychni zvity” [Political Reports] (January-September 1946), and “Orhanizatsiini zvity” [Organizational Reports] (January 1946-April 1947).[65]

The next documents consist of a message containing instructions from “Dunais’kyi” and a letter from “Oles’” to “Zenon.”[66]

This is followed by a section containing reports and materials on talks held between the Ukrainian and Polish underground movements and a report of a meeting with a British correspondent of the Saturday Times.

The next chapter contains various documents from the Security Service Section, including economic reports.[67] These are followed by a variety of informational and intelligence reports written by various people during the period from December 1945 to 13 August 1947.[68]

The Ukrainian Red Cross Section includes six documents for the period from October 1945 to the end of May 1947, which are signed “Uliana”, “Tyrsa”, and “Natalka.”[69]

The following chapter contains economic reports (mostly from Raion I) for the period from October 1946 to March 1947.[70] Together with protocols, listed next, concerning the state of different types of goods, they create an accurate image of the functioning of the Ukrainian underground in this territory.[71]

The next part contains reports sent by the leader of the 3rd OUN Okruha Ievhen Shtendera (“Nerv,” “Prirva”) to Iaroslav Starukh (“Stiah”), the leader of the Zakerzonnia Krai, concerning the expulsions of the Ukrainian population from counties in the Hrubeshiv region during 1947.[72]

Next is an article by Dr. Modest Ripeckyj about Leonid (Leon) Lapins’kyi (“Zenon”), the Security Service Leader of the 3rd OUN Okruha and agent of the KGB and Polish State Security.

The book concludes with the reminiscences of two UPA soldiers from this territory, Ivan Rosil (“Iurko”) and Julian Kotliar (“Levko”).

Many individuals contributed to the publication of this volume. Ievhen Shtendera and Stepan Shpak assisted in collecting materials. Mykola Kulyk helped to locate photographs, and Zenon Matchak uncovered a number of lost texts. Dr. Modest Ripeckyj contributed the article about “Zenon” and provided critical comments. Ivan Rosil and Julian Kotlar granted permission to publish their memoirs, and Ivan Lyko input the texts of their reminiscences. Their assistance is gratefully acknowledged.

Petro J. Potichnyj

[1] Ievhen Misylo, Povstanski mohyly: Propam’iatna knyha vpavshykh na poli slavy voiakiv Ukrainskoi Povstanskoi Armii-Zakhid VI Voiennoi Okruhy “Sian” Taktychnykh Vidtynkiv “Lemko,” “Bastion,” “Danyliv,” 1944-1946. Warsaw-Toronto, 1995, p. 164. The surname “Dub” is mentioned by Oleksandr Bilevych (“Borsuk”) in Svidchennia, “Borsuk,” Nashe Slovo, no. 27 (2344), 7 July 2002, p. 3.
[2] Master Sergeant Pavlo Pylypchuk (“Karpo”) was killed on 21 December 1944.
[3] Major Mariian Lukashevych (“Iahoda,” “Chernyk”). Commander of Tactical Sector-28 “Danyliv.” A holder of the Bronze Cross of Military Merit (1921-1945).
[4] See “Pereslukhannia k-ra Volodymyra Syvaka “Zirky”, 1923-1948,” in Henryk Paj¹k, Za samostijn¹ Ukraine. Lublin, 1992, pp. 118-119. Henceforth cited as “Pereslukhannia ‘Zirky’.”
[5] See Ievhen Prirva, “Dii UPA na operatyvnomu tereni mizh rikamy Sianom i Buhom v rr. 1944-47,” Do Zbroi, no. 16 (29), September 1952, p. 3. Ie. Shtendera also mentions the fighting unit of “Ocheret.” Ibid.
[6] See “Pereslukhannia ‘Zirky’”, pp. 118-119.
[7] Ivan Shamryk (“Chub”), who was sent to Volyn’ for a one-week military training session, states that the company was being formed in March 1944 near the village of Promii. Protocol no. 1.
[8] See Ievhen Shtendera, “Revoliutsiino-povstans’ka borot’ba ukrains’koho narodu za svoie vyzvolennia na Kholmshchyni i Pidliashshi v rr. 1943-48. Zvit d.“Prirvy”, IX, 1948, p. 4. Henceforth cited as Zvit d. “Prirvy.” Ivan Chub, however, says that there were two battalions under the command of “Nalyvaiko” and “Ostrovs’kyi.” See Ivan Chub, “Na ukrains’komu Pidliashshi v rr. 1944-1948,” Do Zbroi, nos. 16-17, 1952, p. 29.
[9] In his report, Ie. Prirva also mentions “Siromantsi” Company, under the command of “Iastrub,” which arrived from the Carpathians. At that time “Siromantsi” Company belonged to the “Seret” Tactical Sector (Ternopil region), the Military Okruha of “Lysonia.” Ie. Prirva, ibid., p. 4.
[10] I. Shamryk (“Chub”), Protocol no. 1 after the arrival in West Germany on 25 May 1948, p. 1. From June to December 1944, I. Chub (“Volodko”) worked in the okruha Propaganda Section. Until the liquidation of the sub-oblast, the following worked in this section: Section Head “Iaropolk,” “Hutsul,” M.A., “Profesor,” “Dunais’kyi,” “Uliana,” “Skupa,” I. Chub (“Volodko”), and the couriers “Volynets’” and “Dymona.” Ibid.
[11] See “Pereslukhannia ‘Zirky’”, pp. 118-119.
[12] Ibid.
[13] See Zvit d.“Prirvy,” IX, 1948, p. 8.
[14] On 12 December 1944 “Iurchenko” (Vasyl’ V. Levochko), along with several people of his staff, went over to the NKVD and, using the pseudonym “Sokolenko,” operated against the underground until his death in mid-August 1945 in an ambush organized by commander “Iahoda.” The NKVD officer Leonov was also killed in the ambush, which led to the capture of a list of the entire NKVD secret service in this territory — the names of more than 160 individuals.
[15] At that time the leadership of Kholm oblast included the following individuals: Leader — “Zhen”; Deputy-Leader — “Sviatoslav”; Security Service leader — “Iurko”; Propaganda Section leader — “Hutsul” and after him Koza (“Iaropolk”); Organization and mobilization leader “Iurchenko”; company commander “Iahoda.” See Zvit d. “Prirvy,” IX, 1948, p. 8. See also Litopys UPA, vol. 16, pp. 17-18.
[16] Zvit d. “Prirvy,” IX, 1948, p. 9.
[17] Ibid.
[18] Ibid.
[19] In his report , Ie. Shtendera states that “Zenon” “formed a new leadership: Leader and Security Service leader — “Zenon”; Propaganda Section leader — “Chmelyk”; Supplies and Material — “Nechai”-“Batko”; Military Affairs leader — “Atos”; Ukrainian Red Cross — “Oksana,” and the work began to pick up speed, but mistrust continued to plague the organization, which created an unhealthy work atmosphere.” Ibid.
[20] Ibid., p. 11.
[21] See Miros³aw Onyszkiewicz, Protokó³ przes³uchania podejrzanego, 3.111.1948-29.V.1948, p. 106, The Peter J. Potichnyj Collection on Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency in Ukraine, Robarts Library, University of Toronto, pp. 100-101. Henceforth cited as Protokol pereslukhannia.
[22] Ibid., p. 105.
[23] “Pereslukhannia k-ra ‘Zirky’”, pp. 118-119.
[24] Ievhen Misylo, p. 144.
[25] Protokol pereslukhannia, p. 126.
[26] M. Onyshkevych’s report to “Zamok” of 26 November 1945.
[27] Ibid.
[28] Commander “Kulish” was killed while crossing the border, and initially the unit was under the command of “Voron,” who was killed by one of his soldier “Hrabovyi.” The investigation was led by “Iarych,” the representative of Military Okruha “Buh.” Commander “Voronyi”, who arrived from the Ukrainian SSR approximately at this time, split the unit into two parts. The subunit under the command of commander “Syvyi” departed for Ukraine, while the subunit commanded by “Chavs” remained in the territory. See Zvit d. “Prirvy”, p. 10.
[29] Toward the end of 1943 and early 1944 he was the organizer and commander of Ukrainian National Self-Defence in the Sokal region (Protokol pereslukhannia, p. 99). In March 1944 he spent time in Posadiv and in late April 1944 he was in the vicinity of Kariv and Belz (Protokol pereslukhannia, pp. 100-101). Toward late May he was directing an operation near Narol in the Liubachiv region. He returned to these territories again in October 1944, this time as the deputy of commander “Voronyi” of Military Okruha “Buh,” who in July 1944 replaced “Iarema” (Ibid., p. 104). In November 1944 he is once again in the 3rd Okruha at a meeting with the okruha leader “Zhen,” “Iarych,” and “Iahoda.” He issues a command to the latter to organize more UPA units in his territory, with each containing up to fifty people. (Ibid., p. 105). In March 1945 he is once again in Tactical Sector “Danyliv” (its reorganization was carried out in January 1945), where he meets “Zhen” and “Iahoda” and appoints him commander of Tactical Sector “Danyliv” (Ibid., p. 106), having done this beforehand with “Zalizniak.” In March 1945 Onyshkevych is dismissed as “Voronyi’s” deputy, and “Arkas” is appointed in his place. He remains in the territory until August, when he departs for Ukraine together with “Voronyi”(Ibid., p. 108). After he is appointed commander of Tactical Sector “Sian” in October 1945, in November he returns to Zakerzonnia, but to the territory of Tactical Sector “Lemko” (Ibid., p. 109). Afterwards he is based in the territory of Tactical Sector “Bastion,” and in mid-December 1945 he is once again in Tactical Sector “Danyliv” (Ibid., p. 111). In place of “Iahoda,” who was killed, with “Voronyi”, who was also in this territory, “Prirva” is appointed commander of the Tactical Sector (Ibid., p. 113). M. Onyshkevych was based in this territory until January 1946 (Ibid.). In the second half of April 1946 he is once again in Tactical Sector “Danyliv” at a meeting with “Prirva” and “Chavs” (Ibid., pp. 124, 126). After the death of “Krapka,” this unit is commanded by a platoon leader, and from autumn — by “Iar” (Ibid., p. 126). Also in view of the fact that “Kropyva,” the platoon leader of “Lys” Company had been killed, and the company leader of “Lys” had been transferred to “Zalizniak,” M. Onyshkevych, in agreement with “Prirva,” splits this unit into two subunits under the command of “Duda” and “Sokil”-“Davyd” (Ibid., p. 127). In mid-May he is once again at a meeting with “Prirva” and “Zenon” for the ultimate approval of the action against Hrubeshiv (Ibid.). In the second half of September he is once again in Tactical Sector “Danyliv” (Ibid., pp. 132, 134). He attempted to inspect “Iar’s” company (which was then commanded by someone else), but due to its dispersal in various villages, he was unable to do so. At that time he also informs “Prirva” that “Berkut” has been appointed commander of Tactical Sector “Danyliv” (Ibid., p. 135). In October he inspects “Chavs’s” company (Ibid.). Informed of the arrival of “Berkut” in the territory, in early November he has an informational meeting with him and notifies him about his appointment as commander of Tactical Sector “Danyliv” (Ibid.). In December M. Onyshkevych informs Iaroslav Starukh (“Stiah”) that “Berkut” has taken over the functions (Ibid., p. 136). Toward the end of January 1947 he meets with “Berkut” and in mid-February inspects “Iar’s” and “Chavs’s” companies (Ibid., p. 140). In mid-April we see him once again in Tactical Sector “Danyliv” (Ibid., p. 142). In May he has another meeting with “Berkut” and has discussions about a possible demobilization of the units (Ibid.). In early June he meets with “Prirva” and issues instructions to create a line of liaisons with the help of dead drops (Ibid., p. 143). From mid-June he is once again in liaison with “Berkut” and “Chavs” (Ibid.) In July he makes contact with “Berkut” and “Prirva,” but not with “Zenon,” with whom he was also supposed to meet, because he was then in Polish territories (Ibid., p. 145). In late August Onyshkevych has a meeting with “Dalnych,” “Berkut,” and “Prirva” (Ibid.). In early September M. Onyshkevych and “Dalnych” meet with “Zenon” (Ibid., p. 146). During this time he maintains constant liaison with “Prirva” and “Berkut” through couriers (Ibid., pp. 148-149). Onyshkevych met with “Prirva” and “Berkut” on 20 September 1947 (Ibid., p. 151), and with “Prirva,” “Berkut,” and “Chavs” on 27 September. He remained in the territory until 1 October 1947. During this time he gave “Berkut” instructions to leave for the West with the leader “Anton (Iurii Tsvil’) (Ibid., p. 155). It is worth adding here that “Voronyi,” the commander of the Military Okruha “Buh,” also frequently spent time in the territories of the Kholm region, as, for example, from January to August 1945 (Ibid., pp. 106, 109), and from December 1945 to January 1946 (Ibid., pp. 112-113).
[30] See M. Onyshkevych’s report to “Zamok”: In early December the Leader of the Zakerzonnia territory Iaroslav Starukh (“Stiah”) was informed of this appointment, Protokol pereslukhannia, p. 136.
[31] In 1947 “Prirva’s” staff included the following bodyguards and couriers: “Shuhai” from the Liubachiv region; “Petrus’” from Volyn’; Petro Honchar (“Chorny”); Petro Hryniv (“Kucheriavyi”); and Ivan Rosil (“Iurko”), all from the Sokal’ region.
[32] The surname of Zaborovets’ (“Zhen”), mistakenly given as “Zhan,” is found in I. Shamryk (“Chub”), Protokol ch. 1, after his arrival in Germany on 25 May 1948.
[33] I. Chub, “Na ukrains’komu Pidliashshi v rr. 1944-1948,” II, Do Zbroi, no. 22 (35), p. 36.
[34] Robert Ziêtek, “Dzia³ania oddzia³ów partyzanckich Ukraiñskiej Powstañczej Armii na po³udniowym Podlasiu w latach 1945-1947,” Podlaski Kwartalnik Kulturalny, no. 3, July- September, 2000, p. 17.
[35] Incidentally, Iaroslav Bilyi (“Mil’ko”), the Controller of the okruha leadership, also arrived with these units. He was captured together with “Khmara” and two couriers.
[36] I. Chub, “Na ukrains’komu Pidliashshi v rr. 1944-1948,” Do Zbroi, no. 21 (34), p. 33.
[37] Ibid., p. 31.
[38] See “Likvidatsiia militsii v Krylovi, March 23 [1944]; Zvit operatyvnyi dii UPA na Hrubeshivshchyni soten’ “Iahody,” “Korsaka,” i Hamalii” vid 13.5 do 20.5.1944; Nepovnyi zvit k-ra “Iurchenka”; VO “Buh,” “Zvit operatyvnyi za chas misiatsiv veresen’, zhovten’, lystopad [1944]”; VO “Buh,” Zvit operatyvnyi za misiatsi: kinets serpnia, veresen’, zhovten’ i lystopad [1944].”
[39] VO “Sian,” “Zahal’nyi zvit za misiats zhovten’ [1945].”
[40] Khronika viddilu “Vovkiv,” 24.8.1944-11.7.1945.
[41] These units were brought into Pidliashshia in May 1945 with the aim of carrying out a propaganda raid and strengthening local clandestine cells. In mid-August 1945 “Shums’kyi’s” company crossed the Soviet border in the vicinity of Lishno and was completely destroyed by NKVD troops. At that time “Shtyl’s” company also returned to the Hrubeshiv region. “Halaida” II, under the command of “Chavs,” remained in Pidliashshia until November 1945, when it also returned to Nadraion “Lyman.” “Vovky” Company, under “Krapka’s” command, also operated here from October to mid-December 1945.
[42] The chapter “Operatyvni zvity” (“Vovky”) consists of twenty-three reports from December 1945 to March 1947.
[43] A unit inspection during the period from November 1946 to the end of March 1947.
[44] “Politvykhovnyi zvit [viddilu “Vovky” 1b] za chas vid 31.1.1947-28.2.1947.”
[45] “Pisnia pro ‘Iahodu’.”
[46] “Zdorovel’nyi zvit,” and “Misiachnyi zvit iz stanu likiv z pvd. ‘Vovky’ I,” both dated May 1947.
[47] The chapter contains seven economic reports and two “Balance Sheets” of the “Vovky” unit — 100/554 and 100/555 — that were compiled by “Tiatyva.”
[48] This is the unit’s “Khronika” for the time period from August to September 1945, “Zahal’nyi zvit z reidu po Pidliashshi” in July-October 1946, and “Vyslid provirky” of the unit from 5-6 April 1947.
[49] “Shtyl’s” “Operatyvnyi zvit” for the time period from May to October 1945 and the “Zvit operatyvnyi” of the “Perebyinis” subunit, under the command of “Maksym” for the time period from 9-15 August 1945.
[50] Military Okruha “Sian,” Tactical Sector “Danyliv,” “Spys pidstarshyn i starshyn,” “Vovky” I and “Vovky” II, both dated December 1945.
[51] Tactical Sector “Danyliv,” “Protokol vidpravy komandnykh skladiv usikh viddiliv I samostiino diiuchykh pidviddiliv vidtynka ‘Danyliv’,” dated 27 and 28 February 1947.
[52] “Protokol vidpravy komandnoho i pidkomandnoho skladu vd. ‘Vovky’ 99, iaka vidbulasia 25 sichnia 1947 r. v spravi peredachi komandy nad viddilom novoprybuvshomu k-ovi ‘Iarovi’.”
[53] This section contains thirteen different lists of fallen fighters. “Poliahli na poli slavy,” two lists from Tactical Sector “Danyliv,” “Spys pidstarshyn i starshyn ‘Vovky’ I” and “Spys pidstarshyn i starshyn ‘Vovky’ II” from Order no. 2/45, “Dopovnennia i popravky do lystka vpavshykh za hruden’ 1945 i za 1946 r.,” Spys vpavshykh (“Vovky” II) na Poli Slavy za misiats hruden’ 1945,” “Spys vpavshykh na Poli Slavy v 1946 r.,” “Lystok vpavshykh (Zaluchnyk no. 3) na Poli Slavy za misiats’ sichen’ 1947,” “Lystok vpavshykh (“Vovky” 99, 100/555) na Poli Slavy za misiats’ liuten’ 1947,” “Zvit pro smert’ ‘Vadyma’” of 4 March 1947, “Zapysky pro vpavshykh,” and “Poliahli na Poli Slavy,” with a reference to Order 1/46.
[54] Military Okruha “Sian,” Order no. 1/46 of 20 January 1946, Military Okruha “Sian,” an extract from an order of 7 December 1945, the Order (on the basis of the order “Zamku vid 1 March 1946) about the Bronze Cross of Military Merit distinction, Order no. 2/46, two orders issued by the commander of Military Okruha “Sian” of 25 December 1945 and April 1946, and one order issued by the commander of Tactical Sector “Danyliv” of 6 January 1946.
[55] This section contains six instructions: “Berkut’s” instruction of 5 March 1947, “Vzir zvitu dlia politvykhovnykiv viddiliv i pidviddiliv UPA-3 ‘Buh’” of 15 March 1945, “Vzir sanitarnoho zvitu, evidentsiinoho lystka vpavshykh na Poli Slavy i politvykhovnoho zvitu” of 30 August 1946, Instruction no. 1 — “Tymchasovi instruktsii dlia bunchuzhnoho sotni,” “Instruktsiia pro spysky poliahlykh” of 20 November 1947, and “Instruktsiia pro rekviruvannia v naselennia.”
[56] Two copies of messages: reports from commander of Tactical Sector “Sian” to “Zamok” of 3 March and 26 November 1946.
[57] This is a group of seven messages with reports and announcements addressed to the commander of Military Okruha “Oleh” of 26 November and 7 December 1946, 25 July 1947, and two messages, whose dates are impossible to establish.
[58] “Kruk’s” message to the commander of Military Okruha “Oleh” of 12 September 1946.
[59] The obligation is dated 16 May 1947.
[60] Two protocols of disarmament are dated 12 January, while another is dated 27 January 1947. The protocol of the military court is dated 7 March 1947.
[61] This group consists of nine documents, some of which are undated and unsigned. Most of them are lists of the mail that was sent to higher command structures. Among them are a description of the mail forwarded from Tactical Sector “Danyliv” to the Krai Military Headquarters of 12 February 1946, a list of various reports and communications sent from “Oleh” to “Zamok”, three lists, all dated 1946, which are signed by KONR or KNOR 77. “Iar’s” list about the mail and expulsions of 15 June 1946, and “Shpyl’s” list about the mail of 22 May 1947.
[62] This group contains twelve documents from 1944, which describe various defensive and provocative anti-Polish actions. Three documents, which are dated 1946, are reports by “Petro” and commander “Davyd” from a battle in the village of Tudorkovychi, and a report by commander “Davyd” about laying mines on the Varyshyn-Vytkiv highway, while two documents dated 1947 pertain to a train journey and the situation in the Hrubeshiv region.
[63] This group of documents contains six items. Three of them are reports by Ievhen Shtendera (“Nerv”), all dated July 1946; two reports by Vsevolod Pshepiursky (“Skob,” “Ikar”) — “Vidstup i povorot zi strichi z AK v dniakh 27 i 28 travnia 1946” and “Shcho meni vidomo pro vyslid aktsii na Hrubeshiv u dni 28 travnia 1946 roku” — and commander “Davyd’s” “Opys Hrubeshivskoho boiu,” dated 19 July 1946.
[64] “Terenovi vistky” are signed “Ievhen,” “Andrii,” and “Proton.” The document entitled “Informatyvnyi zvit” is unsigned, while the issues of the Suspil’no-politychnyi zvit are also signed “Andrii.”
[65] All the reports from “Levada” territory until 1946 are signed “Iary”; after this date — “Shpyl’.”
[66] “Dunais’kyi’s” message of 26 December 1946 is addressed to “Khmel’,” while a message from “Oles’” to “Zenon” is dated 8 November 1946.
[67] This group contains ten documents. Two of them are the cases of Ivan Budko and Oleksii Antoniuk of January-February 1946. Four documents are economic reports from 1946, three of which are signed “Maksym,” and one — “Vadym.” Two documents are reports from a Security Service fighting group dated 30 January and 30 May 1947, while one document from 1945, signed “Olena,” concerns stealing.
[68] This group of documents consists of twenty-four items, most of which are signed by “Iavir”; the rest are signed by “Lys,” “Chornyi,” “Shpyl’,” “Vyshnia,” and “Myroslav.”
[69] Among the documents in this group are the reports “Pro stan aptechky zakuplenoi v raioni ch. 1” of 1 October 1945 and “Misiachnyi zvit zi stanu likiv” of 4 June 1947. There are also three reports of the Ukrainian Red Cross Section: one dated 1 October and two dated 1 December 1946. There is also a “Zdorovel’nyi zvit” of 4 June 1947.
[70] The economic reports comprise nineteen documents for the period from 5 November 1946 to 30 April 1947, most of which are signed by “Dub.”
[71] There is a total of twelve protocols. Most of them are signed “Dub” or “Dub” together with other individuals during an inventory of goods. All are dated 1946.
[72] This group of documents contains reports by Ievhen Shtendera (“Nerv”, “Prirva”) to Iaroslav Starukh (“Stiah”) concerning the expulsion of Ukrainians from the Hrubeshiv and Tomashiv regions. One of the documents is entitled “Zvernennia komanduvannia hrupy UPAZakhid do ukraintsiv Zakerzonnia,” dated October 1944, with an appeal to struggle against the forcible re-settlement.

The four operational reports come from the time when the UPA units in Hrubeshivshchyna were subordinated to Military Okruha "Buh". The first document, “Likvidatsiia militsii v Krylovi” from March 23, 1944 has no signature. The second one, which is incomplete, is entitled "Zvit operatyvnyi dii UPA na Hrubeshivshchyni soten' “Iahody”, “Korsaka” i “Hamalii” from May 13-20, 1944. It was written by "Iurchenko" who later on went over to the Soviet side but was eventually killed in an ambush set up by "Iahoda". The third, "Zvit operatyvnyi za chas misiatsiv veresen', zhovten', lystopad" deals with the UPA unit "Vovky" for the period September-November 1944 and signed by "Shuhai". The fourth "Zvit operatyvnyi za misiatsi: kinets' serpnia, veresen', zhovten' i lystopad", is unsigned and covers the period from the end of August to end of December 1944.

This section contains “Khronika” (The Chronicle) of the UPA unit “Vovky” for the period from August 24, 1944 to July 11, 1945. The period January 3 – March 2, 194 5 is not covered. The Chronicle was put together by “Bosfor”, the secretary of the TS “Danyliv”.

This section contains 22 operational reports which cumulatively cover the period from January 10, 1945 to March 1947. Most of the “Operatyvni zvity” pertain to UPA unit “Vovky” or its various subunits “Vovky” I, “Vovky” II, “Vovky” III (“Vovky” 99/551, 99/552, 100/554, 100/555), but also in three cases to UPA unit “Halaida” II which was subordinated to VO “Buh” 2, but operated in TS 28 “Danyliv”.

This section contains materials which are related to political education. The first document reports about the political education in the subunit “Vovky” Ib that took place from January 31 to February 28, 1947. The second, is the song dedicated to Mar`ian Lukashevych (“Iahoda”, “Chernyk”), the Commander of TS 28-“Danyliv”, and the Commander of the Battalion “Vovky”, who died on September 17, 1945 in village Zhniatyn, povit Hrubeshiv.

Health reports (Zdorovel’ni zvity). The first document is a report from May 31, 1947, by medical orderly of the UPA unit “Vovky” I, “Kalyna”. The second is a report by “Kalyna” on the status of medical supplies in the unit “Vovky” I in May 1947.

This section contains 6 administrative reports (Hospodarchi zvity) most of them for the subunit “Vovky” Ib, covering the period from September 30, 1946 to January 31, 1947. In addition, there are two Balance sheets (Biliansy) for the unit “Vovky” 100/554 for the period from November 1, 1946 to February 2, 1947 and “Vovky” 100/555 for the period December 1, 1946 to March 31, 1947.

The above three documents pertain to the UPA unit "Halaida" II. The first is the Chronicle (Khronika) of the unit that covers the period from August 15 to September 9, 1945. The second document is a General report (Zahal'nyi zvit) about the unit's raid in the region of Pidliashshia between July 24 and October 7, 1946. The third document is an Inspection report (Vyslid provirky) of the unit carried out on April 5-6, 1947.

The three documents pertain to the UPA subunit “Kochovyky”. The first is the Operations report (Operatyvnyi zvit) of the “Kochovyky” for the period from May 10 to October 5, 1945 and is signed by the Warrant Officer “Bilyi” and Commander “Shtyl’”. The second is the Operations report of the unit “Perebyinis” for the period August 9-15, 1945, signed by “Maksym”. The third is the report from the reid into Pidliashshia region 15.8.45–5.11.45 by the unit “Romanovychi”.

This section of the book contains two Registers of Noncoms and Officers of the “Vovky” I , “Vovky” II (Spys pidstarshyn i starshyn), with the staff of Tactical Sector “Danyliv” Headquarters (Komanda Vidtynka “Danyliv” i pochot) and the staff of the VO UPA 6-“Sian” (Komanda VO “Sian” i pochot). The third document are the minutes of the assembly of all command staff of the Tactical Sector “Danyliv” from February 27-28, 1947 with the new Commanding Officer “Berkut” (Volodymyr Sorochak). The minutes were prepared by “Hromovyi” Chief-of-Staff. The fourth document are the minutes of the assembly of the command staff of the “Vovky” 99 on January 25, 1947 with the new Commanding Officer “Iar”. The minutes are signed by “Hromovyi” and the Commanding Officer of the Tactical Sector “Danyliv”, “Berkut”.

This section contains Orders (Nakazy) Nr. 1/46 and Nr. 2/46, signed by Commander of the VO UPA 6-“Sian”, “Oleh” (Myroslav Onyshkevych) pertaining to promotions and decorations of the soldiers of the Tactical Sector “Danyliv”. An extraction from the Order from December 1945, signed by D. Chernets’ and the Order on the Occasion of Christmas 1946, issued by the Commander of the Tactical Sector “Danyliv”, “Prirva” (Ievhen Shtendera).

The instructions contained herein pertain to various matters. The first is an instruction isuued by Commander “Berkut” of the Tactical Sector “Danyliv” from March 5, 1947. The second is a model report for political education instructors issued by the VO “Buh” in 1945. The third is a model report for medical personnel concerning the medical report, and the report for The Fallen on the Field of Glory that was issued in August 1946. The fourth is a temporary model instruction for Warrant Officers.

This section contains two reports, from March 3, and November 26, 1946, of the Commander of the VO UPA 6-“Sian”, “Oleh” (Myroslav Onyshkevych) to Commander of the UPA-West, “Shelest”. Other materials contain 5 letters to “Oleh” from “Berkut”, the Commander of Tactical Sector “Danyliv” (not all of them are properly dated), and one letter to “Oleh” from “Kruk”.

This is the text of an Obligation of Those Joining the UPA (Zobov“iazannia vstupaiuchykh do UPA), signed on May 16, 1947, and confirmed by a witness. There are also three protocols about accidental disarming of three UPA soldiers, and one protocol on the court martial of five UPA soldiers.

Represented here are various notes, some by “Oleh” (Myroslav Onyshkevych) that record various items of mail sent by his couriers to the Commander of the UPA West, and the mails from the Tactical Sector “Danyliv”. The last two documents represent the mails sent by the OUN leaders “Iaryi” and “Shpyl’” to their superior.

The seventeen documents in this section represent reports (Protokoly) about various activities by the UPA units, and Polish and Soviet (NKVD) actions on the territory of the Tactical Sector “Danyliv”. The period covered is from 1944 to 1947, but most of the protocols come from 1944.

The documents of this section represent various reports about the joint attack by the UPA and the Polish WiN (Wolnosc i Niezawislosc) on the town of Hrubeshiv (May 27, 1946). Three of them are reports by “Nerv” (Ievhen Shtendera), who commanded the action, two are reports by the SB (Security Service) official “Skob”-“Ikar” (Vsevolod Pshepiurs’kyi), and one by “Davyd”, the Commander of “Vovky” III, and one [Nastup na Hrubeshiv] whose author could not be identified.

This section contains 12 issues of the “Field News” (Terenovi vistky) of the Nadraion “Lyman” (Hrubeshiv region), of the Third OUN Okruha, covering the period from January 1, 1946 to July 1, 1947. Written by “Ievhen”, “Andrii” and “Proton”, they contain very valuable information on the events in this region.

This section contains two instructions. One from “Dunais’kyi” (Teodor Harasym`iak) to “Khmel’” of December 26, 1946. The second, from “Oles’” to “Zenon” (Leonid Lapins’kyi), Chief of the SB of the Third OUN Okruha, November 8, 1946.

This section contains 13 reports about the activities of the SB (Security Service), by “Iasen”, “Iaryi”, “Maksym”, “Vadym”, “Zub” and “Olena”, covering various aspects of its work from October 1945 to January, 1947.

The 24 reports contained herein represent various items of information that were gathered by the local informers and passed on to higher underground authorities. They go under different names such as The Report (Zvit), News from the Terrain (Visti z terenu), Terrain News (Terenovi vistky), or simply letters. They cover the period from December 1945 to May 1947, and were written by “Lys”, “Chornyi”, “Iavir”, “Vyshnia” ,“Shpyl’” and “Myroslav”.

These 6 reports pertain to the activities of the underground Ukrainian Red Cross. They were written by “Dub”, “Uliana”, “Tyrsa”, and “Natalka”. One report hails from October 1945, three from November and December 1946, and two from May 1947.

The 18 economic and supply reports (Hospodars’ki zvity) cover the period from October 1946 to May 1947. Most of them were written by “Dub” and pertain to Raion 1 of the Nadraion “Lyman” (Hrubeshiv region). Two other reports cover the entire Nadraion. These are: Zvit z diial’nosti hospodars’koho referatu nadraionu za chas 1.X.-10.XI, 1946, signed by “Khrin”, and the Financial Report for the Nadraion (Kasove zistavlennia terenu) covering the period of September – October 1946.

This section contains 16 inventory protocols that describe the status and disposition of various supplies administered by the underground manager. They are usually signed by more than one person thus underscoring the reliability of the report and control over the supplies.

This section pertains to forcible resettlement of the Ukrainians that began in 1944 and ended in “Akcja Wisla” in 1947. The first document is the Appeal of the UPA-West to Ukrainians in Zakerzonnia to resist the resettlement, which is dated October 1944. The other 4 documents are reports or notes of explanation by “Nerv”-“Prirva” (Ivhen Shtendera) to “Stiah” (Iaroslav Starukh) on the deportation of Ukrainians in 1947 in his administrative territory.

This section contains reports and protocols of the meetings with the representatives of the Polish underground, the Armia Krajowa (AK) on October 27, 1945, written by “Volodia”, and on December 6(?), 1945, written by “Dunais’kyi”. The other two documents are a protocol of the meeting on May 18, 1946 with the Polish underground Wolnosc i Niezawislosc (WiN), written by “Iavir”, and a short information about this meeting written by “Dunais’kyi”. The final document in this section is the report by “Hrab” about the meeting with a correspondent of the British “Saturday Times” which took place in the night of September 3-4, 1946.

This article by Dr. Modest Ripeckyj explores the activities of Leonid Lapins’kyi (Leon Lapinski), (“Zenon”), who held the position of the Chief of the SB (Security Service) in the Third OUN Okruha, and later was discovered to be an agent of the Polish UB and the Soviet NKVD. The article shows how “Zenon” was able to cover up his actions as a traitor, helped liquidate the remaining cadres of the Ukrainian underground in Poland, and warm himself into a confidence of Stepan Bandera, the leader of ZCh OUN in Germany, with an aim of penetraiting the courier lines that extended to the underground leadership in Ukraine.