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This is a case review of two infants who received a prolonged course of prostaglandin-E2 therapy for congenital cardiac lesions while awaiting corrective surgery. These cases highlight an association between prolonged prostaglandin-E2 therapy with periosteal reactions and elevated C-reactive protein levels. Failure to recognise this association may lead to multiple courses of antibiotics for presumed sepsis and further prolongation of prostaglandin-E2 therapy.

There is significant interest to develop cheap CMOS compatible sensors that operate in the mid-infrared (MIR). To meet these requirements, Ge-on-Si is proving to be an exciting platform. There is the potential to realize waveguide integrated quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) based on Ge quantum wells (QWs). Intersubband absorption from p-Ge QWs has been demonstrated in the important atmospheric transmission window of 8-13 μm. An alternative strategy for sensing in the MIR is demonstrated through highly n-type doped Ge plasmonic antennas. These antennas demonstrate vibrational sensing of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) spin coated layers at 12.5 μm wavelength. These demonstrate enhanced sensing capabilities due to the localized hot spots of the antenna resonant modes.

Summary

The secret things belong unto the Lord our God.

Deut. 29:29 (KJV)

Although John Barrow (1764–1849) published many articles about the exploration of the North American Arctic, he is best remembered today by scholars and enthusiasts of the Northwest Passage for two volumes, published twenty-eight years apart, that bookend the British Navy's search for a northwest passage in his lifetime. A Chronological History of Voyages into the Arctic Regions (1818) provided mariners of his age with a well-researched compendium of all prior efforts to discover northeast, northwest, or polar passages; Voyages of Discovery and Research within the Arctic Regions (1846) offered its readers an account of the campaign that Barrow waged to discover a northwest passage after the defeat of Napoleon, when the British Admiralty's supply of able officers and seamen quickly became a surplus that needed putting to use. Before this opportunity fell into his lap, Barrow had already decided that a passage must exist, and his Chronological History implicitly argued that it was Britain's destiny to discover it. By uniting national honour, the virtue of scientific curiosity and the magnanimity of British diplomacy, Barrow forged a triumphal rhetorical bastion for the promotion of his darling project, an impregnable fortress that only a full-blown catastrophe such as the disappearance of an entire expedition could effectively show to be imperfect and dangerous. Thereby, hubris displaced faith in the forty years’ effort to discover the secret of the Arctic.

Summary

As the subtitle to The Strange and Dangerous Voyage (1633) states, the book's author, Welshman Thomas James (c. 1593–1635), sailed from Bristol on 2 May 1631 on an ‘intended Discouery of the Northwest Passage into the South Sea’. His voyage involved the intentional sinking of his vessel at Charlton Island, James Bay, so that ice would not destroy it during the winter that he and his crew spent miserably on the island. James represented his era accurately in not conceiving of such a passage as mythic. Merchants sponsored his expedition; profit was their goal. Sailing along the west coast of Hudson Bay in 1612 and 1613, Thomas Button had closed by one-half the distance between North America's Atlantic coast and the point on the Pacific coast that Sir Francis Drake reported having touched more than thirty years earlier.

But, as one would expect in a narrative of exploration prior to the Royal Society's edict in the second half of the seventeenth century that they should be expunged, strange and dangerous events, not just businessmen's considerations about shipping, found their way into James's book with sufficient regularity to lend the expedition a lustre as much of wonder and spiritual inquiry as of geographical exploration.

Cu-Al alloys have been recommended for application as the diffusion barriers/adhesion promoters for advanced copper based metallization schemes. This approach to barrier formation is to generate an ultra-thin interfacial layer through Cu alloying without significantly affecting the resistivity of Cu. In this paper the microstructure of the bilayers of Cu/Cu-5 at%Al and Cu-5 at%Al/Cu sputter deposited on SiO2 before and after thermal annealing is investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Interfacial layer is observed in both cases. The variation of the resistance of the Cu-Al alloy film is consistent with its microstructure. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of Cu-5 at%Al on SiO2 shows that the addition of Al into Cu intends to favor the Cu (111) texture. These results will be presented and discussed showing that films of Cu doped with Al appear to act as a suitable barrier and adhesion promoter between SiO2 and Cu.

A series of 925 clinical isolates of klebsiella was examined by serological and biochemical typing. To perform serological typing (capsular swelling) 77 capsular antisera were prepared, tested against the type strains and grouped in 13 pools. With this serotyping method 80% of the cultures were typable and 63 distinct types could be recognized.

All strains were typable biochemically by means of the numerical coding system of the API-20E system supplemented by digits derived from 15 additional conventional biochemical tests. With the API-20E system 24 different biotypes could be distinguished whereas the combination of API-20E and the 15 additional tests produced 93 biotypes. Maximum discrimination of strains was achieved by the combination of serological and biochemical typing (256 bioserotypes). The reproducibility, typability and discriminating power of the biotyping system was not inferior to serotyping. For epidemiological purposes biotyping can replace serotyping of Klebsiella species, especially in laboratories less well equipped.

Epidemiological analysis of Klebsiella strains from nosocomial infections needs a simple, stable and reproducible technique of typing. We have evaluated three bacteriocin typing methods for Kiebsiella spp. by means of 15 bacteriocin-producing strains, with special reference to stability and reproducibility.

With the three methods indicator strains and clinical strains were retyped on different days under constant test procedures. Stability of bacteriocins was tested by titration immediately after preparation and after 4 weeks of storage at –70°C. Thereafter, reproducibility of typing was tested by means of these freshly prepared bacteriocin lysates and of portions of the same lysates stored at –70 °C. A moderate reproducibility was obtained with one method after two typing experi ments: 79.2% and 61.3% for indicator strains and clinical strains respectively. The other two methods gave a much lower reproducibility of 38 .5% and 32.5 % for indicator strains and of 11.1% and 25.5% for clinical strains after two experiments.

The reproducibility decreased after retyping three, four or five times. These methods are simple to perform but their usefulness for epidemiological studies is doubtful. Possible causes of the lack of reproducibility of the methods are discussed.

Establishing the chemical dependence of thermally activated processes which govern plasticity in intermetallic alloys requires that the dislocation dissociation reactions be determined as a function of composition. A major parameter governing such reactions is the relative fault stability as a function of composition. Here the results of first principles electronic structure calculations, using the layer Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method, are reported for planar faults in γ TiAl at various compositions. The influence of dilute substitutional impurities on the fault energies is treated using the coherent potential approximation. The variation of fault energies as a function of binary composition (TixAl1−x where 52≤x≤49) and the addition of transition metals (Cr, Mn and Nb at 2% concentration) are presented. The influence of this chemical dependence on the stability of <101] super-dislocations is discussed, along with expected trends in the flow stress behavior.

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