In recent years, cannabis research has concentrated on the potential of cannabinoids as therapeutic substances, particularly in serious chronic illnesses such as multiple sclerosis. Most volumes published on cannabinoids so far concentrate on the biological activity, biochemistry and pharmacology, whereas this volume concentrates on the diseases, the physiological effects and therapeutic use of cannabinoids. The volume editor Prof. Mechoulam was the first who isolated the prime active constituent (THC, Tetrahydrocannabiol) of marijuana. He published extensively on the pharmacological activities of cannabinoids. The volume is of interest to researchers and clinicians from pharmacology, neuroscience, and medicinal research. TOC:Cannabis in India: Ancient lore and modern medicine.- Cannabinoid chemistry: an overview.- Cannabidiol as a potential medicine.- Endocannabinoids and regulation of fertility.- Cannabinoids in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection.- Role of the endocannabinoid system in learning and memory.- Cannabinoids and anxiety.- Cannabinoid targets for pain therapeutics.-Potential use of cannabimimetics in the treatment of cancer.- Cannabinoids: Effects on vomiting and nausea in animal models.- The skeleton: stone bones and stoned heads?.- Cannabinoids and drugs of abuse.- Cannabinoids in appetite and obesity.- The development of Sativex® - a natural cannabis-based medicine