. Body Skeletal Muscle Total body lean soft tissue mass and appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST; considered equivalent to the sum of lean soft tissue in both the right and left arms and legs; Kim, Heymsfield, Baumgartner, & Gallagher, 2002 ) were measured by dual-energyX-rayabsorptiometry (Lunar

Conclusions:

The lower age, height, body mass, and BMC of academy players suggest that these players are still developing musculoskeletal characteristics. Gradual increases in lean mass and BMC while controlling fat mass is an important consideration for practitioners working with academy rugby league players, especially in the lower body.

considered offensive by many of the parents of the adolescents. Dual-EnergyX-RayAbsorptiometry At baseline (pretest) and after 9 months (posttest), measurements of body composition were performed in all adolescents of both groups. BMD (g/cm 2 ) was assessed at baseline and follow-up using a dual-energyX-ray

estimate fat mass accurately and with minimal bias in 9- to 14-year-old children. Other methods such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) or dual-energyX-rayabsorptiometry (DXA) are commonly used as field and laboratory methods to assess body composition, respectively. The feasibility of the foot

and fat mass by dual-energyX-rayabsorptiometry; and measurement of resistance, reactance, and PhA by spectral bioelectrical impedance were performed. The posttraining measurements were performed at least 72 hr after the final RT session to avoid the acute effects of the last RT session. The other 12

training per week and level of competition) and age at retirement as well as the reason for retirement from gymnastics activity. Dual-EnergyX-RayAbsorptiometry and HSA Body composition measurements were performed in 1995 using a Hologic QDR 2000 dual-energyX-rayabsorptiometry (DXA) scanner (Hologic Inc

X-rayabsorptiometry (DPX-MD model; Lunar, Chalfont, United Kingdom) was used to assess BMD (g/cm 2 ) and bone mineral content (BMC; g). Dual-energyX-rayabsorptiometry measures were performed in the morning after a light breakfast, and the scanner quality was tested by a trained researcher before