Arabic Literature and Translation

Badriah Albeshr′s ‘Hend and the Soldiers’: A Saudi Novella About How Oppression Works, And How To Fight It

University of Texas Press recently released the first full-length translation of work by prominent Saudi writer Badriah Albeshr into English, her 2006 novella Hend and the Soldiers, trans. Sanna Dhahir. For Women in Translation Month (#WITMonth), we run the opening of a review by ArabLit’s chief editor that appears on Qantara:

Badriah Albeshr′s Hend and the Soldiers created a small uproar in Saudi Arabia when it was first published in Arabic in 2006. Much of Saudi women′s literature at the time was shrugged off as chick lit. Yet, shuttling between chatty romance, political commentary and a stylised literary work, Hend and the Soldiers struck a nerve.

Albeshr′s brief, evocative novella depicts a woman – Hend – surrounded by ″soldiers″. These figures menace her from all sides as she attempts to battle her way to independence and agency.

Two of these soldiers are Saudi military men: Hend′s father was a sergeant and her husband Mansur is a lieutenant. Yet these two are only minor foot soldiers in the book′s social-control army, which is made up of relatives, co-workers, men from the Committee for the Prevention of Vice and the Promotion of Virtue and even passersby.

The 128-page novella, ably translated by Sanna Dhahir, unspools in a language that veers between straightforward and lyric, as the grim reality of Hend′s war is punctuated by descriptions of coffee-making, gossip and stories.

Driven by stories

The book begins and ends when Hend, a divorced mother in Riyadh, must choose her own path. To help her launch a new life, Hend turns to family stories, remembered folktales, romances and dreams. The stories begin when the family servant shares tales of Hend′s mother and her own, Nweyyir, a former slave who was kidnapped and sold to Hend′s grandfather.

King Faisal officially abolished slavery in the 1960s, but, in the novella, hierarchies hardly shift. Nweyyir stays with the family, without pay and her daughter Ammousha later serves Hend. Ammousha is the family′s invisible memory – she sees and remembers all while perpetually covered, so that even the family′s children don′t know her face.

The novella shuttles between past and present, reality and romance. The first story Hend loved as a child was the fairytale ″Cinderella″, which she discovered through school. This stands in sharp contrast to a story she heard at home, ″The Girl with the White Socks″.

In ″The Girl with the White Socks″, the hero is not rescued by a prince, nor does she live happily ever after. Instead, she is raped and murdered. Yet the girl is a hero because she scribbles the names of her attackers and hides the paper in her sock, so that they might be punished and her honour protected.

Hend is raised on both sorts of stories – the written fairytale and the oral folk legend. Both enforce strict gender roles, although Hend is more attracted to the romantic tales, even when she mocks them.

Women as the enemies of women

A poignant scene unfolds early in Hend′s life, when she tries to sing her mother a romantic song. It′s a tune she brings home from school, hoping to make a connection with her mother, who seems to care only for Hend′s brothers.

Hend′s harried mother has no time for songs. Hend remembers: ″I hoped my mother would throw her arms around me after she had heard the song; I even thought of putting the baby down so that she could hug me properly, with body and soul. Instead she took the big spoon out of the pot and brought it to my face. ′Get out of my way before I whack you on the head with this spoon!′″

Throughout the novella, women struggle to connect with each other. The servant Ammousha wants Hend to sympathise with her mother, so Ammousha describes how Hend′s mother was married off as a child, raped by Hend′s father and beaten when she ran away. Yet Hend continues to see her mother as a controlling tyrant.