Lecture Notes (Test 2) History 1003-1 - NOTES FOR TEST 2...

NOTES FOR TEST 2 CONFLICTS IN STUART ENGLAND James VI of Scotland becomes James I King of England. James is the first real king the country had seen in a long time and he had legal heirs so the succession was secure. James’ greatest failure as a king was his superfluous spending. He picked favorites in his court and gave them gifts. He began an affair with George Villiers, the Duke of Buckingham. He oversees the writing of the King James Bible in 1611. He tries to unify the Catholics and Protestants. James dies in 1625 and his son Charles I comes to the throne. Between 1625-1630 England, under Charles I, goes to war with Spain. Charles was unwilling to compromise, always believing himself to be right. Parliament wanted England to go to war with Spain but they did not want to increase taxes for the war. Charles was sent off to war without any money to fund his armies. As a result, there were several failed campaigns. This made Parliament upset. Parliament was also nervous when Charles tried to organize the military to find funding without Parliament’s permission. By 1629, Parliament is very upset with Charles. They were mad that England was being humiliated on the battlefield. Charles’ creative solution to getting funding for the army-the forced loan- he told people to loan him money or they would go to jail Beginning in 1629, Parliament is not giving him money and they are tense with him. Charles begins an 11 year span of personal rule without parliament. He would never call Parliament into session so Parliament had no activity. William Laud is the archbishop of Canterbury. He promoted Arminianism (a ceremonial form of Protestantism which is very reminiscent of Catholicism). Laud didn’t want to bring back Catholicism but he wanted strict adherence to the book of prayer. The book of prayer was sort of Catholic so protestant English (Puritan) people didn’t support it whole-heartedly. William Laud tries to take back some of the old church lands which people were living on, restore mandatory giving to the church, and he wanted strict control over clerical appointment (appointing priests). William Laud takes all the communion tables in the Anglican churches and puts them all back in the altar position, raises them on a pedestal, and fences them off (basically making a Catholic altar) This makes William Laud unpopular. Charles I supported him. This caused many people to be upset with Charles because of his sympathy for Catholicism which is associated with sympathy for other enemy countries. Charles I marries Henrietta Maria. She was French and was a huge Catholic. She was a radical Catholic who had mass in the palace and tried to convert people. Charles ends up in a war with his Scottish subjects (he was also king of Scotland). This was known as the Bishops War . This started because William Laud (with the support of

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