What is happening in the 2nd Beethoven example? How is it different from the others?

Further outside the box: a sonata that doesn’t use sonata form!

“Moonlight” Sonata”

Just one example of a modern artist influenced by Beethoven:

Social Context of Romanticism:
– Decreased power of aristocracy – decreased importance of patronage
– Increased access to music education – more performers of greater skill
– Increase in public concerts rather than church or palace performances
– Rise of both amateur musicians and virtuoso soloists

Elements of Romantic Style:
– Expression of individual emotion (especially longing, regret, discontent)
– Nostalgia for the past: childhood or distant eras
– Nationalism and folklore: folk song and dances, music of specific countries and cultures
– Exoticism: Northern European composers became interested in Southern Europe, Africa, Near East, Asia