Knowledge about how body parts are configured is crucial in determining appropriate strategies for achieving desired goals. Prior work suggests that this knowledge is evident in later infancy (Brownell et al., 2010; Slaughter et al., 2004),...

There is a clinical need for large numbers of phenotypes which are suitable for tissue engineering and cell therapy applications. Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are readily expanded in vitro and can differentiate into any somatic phenotype, making...

Oligonucleotides (ONs) are typically defined as short nucleic acid polymers that are 20 to 200 bases long. It has been well known that aptamers (single-stranded DNA or RNA ONs) can adopt distinct three-dimensional folded structures and bind to...

Amphiphilic polymers are a subset of macromolecules that exhibit both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties within their covalently bonded structures. Because of the differing solubilities of the contrasting regions of the amphiphilic polymers, they...

The use of advanced functional polymer materials has gained an enormous impact during the past decades. Due to the fact that the physical properties of macromolecules are inherently dependent on their structure and connectivity on the nanoscale,...

An understanding of the pathways responsible for differentiation in pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) would accelerate their translation to medical therapies. Specifically, studies that identify criteria for the better design of experiments targeting...

With recent advancements in the synthesis and characterization of polymeric materials, scientists are able to create multi-scale novel polymers with various cases of chemical functionalities, diversified topologies, as well as cross-linking...