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Both "the houses which/that were damaged by the storm" and "the houses damaged by the storm" are the adjective clauses.
IN "A ring of gold", "of gold" is an adjective phrase.
IN "A ring (which/that is) made of gold", "(which/that is) made of gold" is an adjective clause.
In a clause, there is a verb although there is no verb in a phrase.

Re: by-sentence

Ok, so these are adjective CLAUSES not PHRASES. Thanks.

But the original intention of my question was if the two parts "damaged by the storm" and "by the storm" can EACH be defined as postmodifiers of the anteceding part?
So "damaged by the storm" is a postmodifier of "houses" which is realized by an adjective CLAUSE. And WITHIN the adjective clause "damaged by the storm" the part "by the storm" is again a postmodifier of the adjective "damaged" which is realzied by a prepositional phrase.
Is that right?

Re: by-sentence

Originally Posted by Fredson

Ok, so these are adjective CLAUSES not PHRASES. Thanks.

But the original intention of my question was if the two parts "damaged by the storm" and "by the storm" can EACH be defined as postmodifiers of the anteceding part?
So "damaged by the storm" is a postmodifier of "houses" which is realized by an adjective CLAUSE. And WITHIN the adjective clause "damaged by the storm" the part "by the storm" is again a postmodifier of the adjective "damaged" which is realzied by a prepositional phrase.
Is that right?

Let me say no.The storm destroyed the houses.The houses were destroyed by the strom.When we transform it into a noun form,it becomes "the houses which/that were destroyed by the storm" or "the houses destroyed by the storm".So, 'by the storm' can't be a postmodifier of the adjective of 'destroyed'.