A proposed smartphone design that includes a 4G antenna operating at 860 MHz and a 5G array at 28 GHz is analyzed in XFdtd to determine operating characteristics and any mutual coupling. A brief study of configurations is performed to find the best positioning for each antenna.

An 8x8 planar antenna array creates narrow beams capable of scanning large sectors in front of the antenna. This example focuses on displaying typical simulation results for beams and possible plots of coverage from the full array and combinations of sub-arrays.

Series-fed patch elements forming an array are simulated to demonstrate antenna performance and beamforming including S-parameters, gain, and effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) at 28 GHz. Beam steering is performed in one plane by adjusting the phasing at the input ports to each of eight elements.

The following example investigates WiFi throughput coverage in a house provided by 802.11ac routers operating at 5 GHz using an 80 MHz bandwidth. The geometry for the house was imported from a CAD file and a flat terrain was placed underneath the house.

The millimeter wave frequencies being planned for 5G systems pose challenges for channel modeling. At these frequencies, surface roughness impacts wave propagation, causing scatter in non-specular directions that can have a large effect on received signal strength and polarization. To accurately predict channel characteristics for millimeter wave frequencies, propagation modeling must account for diffuse scattering effects. Wireless InSite’s diffuse scattering capability is based on Degli-Esposti’s work.

This example analyzes the coupling between four circular patch antennas mounted on the sides of a Boeing 757. The antennas transmit and receive at a frequency of 2.4 GHz. Coupling between each antenna is characterized using XGtd’s S-Parameter output, which can be displayed in the user interface or exported to a v1.1 Touchstone file.

A simple antenna for LTE band operation is added to the PC board of a smartphone in XFdtd and the matching circuit is tuned for operation in multiple frequency bands. The component values in the matching network are chosen to maximize system efficiency.

A lowpass birdcage coil designed to operate at 64 MHz is simulated to show B fields in both unloaded and loaded conditions. When loaded with a heterogeneous human head model, the temperature rise caused by exposure to the fields of the coil is computed using XFdtd’s biological thermal sensor.