From the Newberry Library Catalogue: Undated essay by Tom Placide discussing the origin of the Welsh Indians in 1170 and providing examples of the Welsh language being understood by various nineteenth century North American Indian tribes. Placide speculates that the Welsh Indians became the "Padoucas," but also cites accounts, including those of George Catlin, Lt. Roberts (1851), and Capt. Davies, which suggest that the Mud Indians of Illinois, the Mandans, and the "Asquaw" were of Welsh descent.