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In the paper, we try to evaluate the energy consumption of meteorological applications on meteorological cloud of on different kinds of processors. We take WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting model) model as the typical model. Three major factors are including in the evaluation: the energy consu…

In the paper, we try to evaluate the energy consumption of meteorological applications on meteorological cloud of on different kinds of processors. We take WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting model) model as the typical model. Three major factors are including in the evaluation: the energy consumption, the execution time, and the parallelism. The moldable parallel tasks have a scope of parallelisms. But after the job has an execution state, and the parallelism cannot be changed during the execution. Different to most of past research, our system support slots time and every job needs a few slot times to execute it. We give a detailed analysis of DVFS (Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling) model for WRF and evaluate the different performance of three kinds of CPUs in different aspects, and at last, based the analysis of the attributes of the three CPUs and the nonlinear speedup of WRF under different numbers of resources, simulations result are given to address the energy consumption of WRF under different environments. We hope our research can help us to enhance the scheduling method of parallel tasks.

Quantitative risk analysis of security incidents is a typical non-linear classification problem under limited samples. Having advantages of strong generalization ability and fast learning speed, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is able to solve classification problems in limited samples. To solve t…

Quantitative risk analysis of security incidents is a typical non-linear classification problem under limited samples. Having advantages of strong generalization ability and fast learning speed, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is able to solve classification problems in limited samples. To solve the problem of multi-classification, Decision Tree Support Vector Machine (DT-SVM) algorithm is used to construct multi-classifier to reduce the number of classifiers and eliminate non-partitionable regions. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to cluster training samples to improve the classification accuracy of the constructed multi-classifier. In the ubiquitous network, the cost of information extraction and processing is significantly lower than that of traditional networks. This paper presents a quantitative analysis method of security risk based on Particle Swarm Optimization Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM), and classifies the flow data by combining the way of obtaining the flow data in ubiquitous networks, so as to realize the quantitative analysis of the security risk in ubiquitous networks.

This paper presents an analysis of unified traction and battery charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs), both in terms of operation modes and in terms of implementation cost, when compared to dedicated solutions that perform the same operation modes. Regarding the connection of the EV battery…

This paper presents an analysis of unified traction and battery charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs), both in terms of operation modes and in terms of implementation cost, when compared to dedicated solutions that perform the same operation modes. Regarding the connection of the EV battery charging system with the power grid, four operation modes are analyzed: (1) Grid–to–Vehicle (G2V); (2) Vehicle–to–Grid (V2G); (3) Vehicle–to–Home (V2H); and (4) Vehicle–for–Grid (V4G). With an EV unified system, each of these operation modes can be used in single–phase and three–phase power grids. Furthermore, a cost estimation is performed for an EV unified system and for dedicated systems that can perform the same functionalities, in order to prove the benefits of the EV unified approach. The cost estimation comprises two power levels, namely 6 kW, single–phase, related to domestic installations, and 50 kW, three–phase, related to industrial installations. The relevance of unified traction and battery charging systems for EVs is proven for single–phase and three–phase power grids.

Research Article in Sustainable Energy for Smart Cities. First EAI International Conference, SESC 2019, Braga, Portugal, December 4–6, 2019, Proceedings

Authors:

Vítor Morais, João Afonso, António Martins

Abstract:

The huge power requirements of future railway transportation systems require the usage of energy efficient strategies towards a more intelligent railway system. With the usage of on-board energy storage systems, it is possible to increase the energy efficiency of railways. In this paper, a top-lev…

The huge power requirements of future railway transportation systems require the usage of energy efficient strategies towards a more intelligent railway system. With the usage of on-board energy storage systems, it is possible to increase the energy efficiency of railways. In this paper, a top-level charging controller for the on-board energy storage system is proposed based on a fuzzy logic controller. As an optimization procedure to increase the energy efficiency of such charging controller, a genetic algorithm meta-heuristic is used to automatically tune the fuzzy rules weight. To validate the proposed controller, two sets of rules were defined, one considering only known rules and the other also considering all possible combinations of rules. As global results, the reduction of regenerated energy reached 30%, and the net energy consumption reduction is near 10%.

This paper presents the implementation and subsequent experimental verification of an electronic variable speed drive (VSD) for driving an induction motor, which is composed by a three-phase ac-dc converter on the grid-side and by a three-phase dc-ac converter on the motor-side. With the proposed …

This paper presents the implementation and subsequent experimental verification of an electronic variable speed drive (VSD) for driving an induction motor, which is composed by a three-phase ac-dc converter on the grid-side and by a three-phase dc-ac converter on the motor-side. With the proposed solution, besides driving the motor, it is possible to mitigate power quality problems on the grid-side (e.g., current harmonics and power factor) associated with the use of diode-bridge ac-dc converters in the conventional VSDs. Besides, with the proposed solution, a bidirectional operation is possible, allowing to deliver to the power grid the energy generated in motor braking processes. As demonstrated along the paper, with the proposed VSD, it is possible to control the motor speed (including the rotation direction), and the operation with sinusoidal currents and unitary power factor on the grid-side. A laboratory prototype was developed, permitting to perform an experimental validation and prove the main functionalities of the VSD.

The continuing increase of photovoltaic (PV) generation in distribution systems comes with difficulties in keeping voltages within acceptable limits, especially during peak generation. Two conventional alternatives exist to solve these overvoltage issues: to install voltage regulation equipment (AVR) or curtail PV generation, but there is no existing procedure to aid distribution system operators (DSO) in choosing either solution from an economical perspective. This project presents a methodology to evaluate the two aforementioned alternatives. The equivalent annual cost of installing automatic voltage regulator systems in the network was compared to the annual compensation awarded to curtailed PV generator owners. Several case studies were explored and show that in some situations, curtailment can be more cost-effective depending on the curtailment compensation scheme used, amount of PV penetration, location of PV in the network, and demand profiles. Additionally, the researchers explored the economic viability of using curtailment in conjunction with existing AVR installations instead of installing additional AVRs.

In this paper, we present a distributed approach to optimise self-consumption on a university campus grid. The grid contains photovoltaic generators, electric vehicles, loads and a battery. We propose to solve the optimisation problem with a distributed method using game theory, where each element…

In this paper, we present a distributed approach to optimise self-consumption on a university campus grid. The grid contains photovoltaic generators, electric vehicles, loads and a battery. We propose to solve the optimisation problem with a distributed method using game theory, where each element of the grid tries to reach its own objectives. In addition to this optimisation framework, we develop a physical model of the grid. This model uses real consumption and production data. We use it to simulate the production and consumption profiles obtained from the optimisation problem in order to check if these solutions respect the grid constraints. Finally, we propose to implement concretely this distributed approach using a private blockchain, which stores production and consumption data. In addition, a smart contract is deployed on the blockchain to transcribe the game theory framework. The smart contract collects the preferences of each element of the grid and launches the optimisation process. Then the blockchain gathers the results and replaces the role of a central optimisation supervisor. We present some preliminary results to illustrate our method.

Research Article in Sustainable Energy for Smart Cities. First EAI International Conference, SESC 2019, Braga, Portugal, December 4–6, 2019, Proceedings

Authors:

Vitor Monteiro, Jose Afonso, Joao Ferreira, Tiago Sousa, Joao Afonso

Abstract:

The electric mobility dissemination is forcing the adoption of new technologies and operation paradigms, not only focusing on smart grids, but also on smart homes. In fact, the emerging technologies for smart homes are also altering the conventional grids toward smart grids. By combining the key p…

The electric mobility dissemination is forcing the adoption of new technologies and operation paradigms, not only focusing on smart grids, but also on smart homes. In fact, the emerging technologies for smart homes are also altering the conventional grids toward smart grids. By combining the key pillars of electric mobility and smart homes, this paper characterizes the paradigms of the electric vehicle (EV) in smart homes, presenting a review about the state-of-the-art and establishing a relation with future perspectives. Since the smart home must be prepared to deal with the necessities of the EV, the analysis of both on-board and off-board battery charging systems are considered in the paper. Moreover, the inclusion of renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, and dc electrical appliances in smart homes towards sustainability is also considered in this paper, but framed in the perspective of an EV off-board battery charging system. As a pertinent contribution, this paper offers future perspectives for the EV in smart homes, including the possibility of ac, dc, and hybrid smart homes. Covering all of these aspects, exemplificative and key results are presented based on numerical simulations and experimental results obtained with a proof-of-concept prototype.

Research Article in Sustainable Energy for Smart Cities. First EAI International Conference, SESC 2019, Braga, Portugal, December 4–6, 2019, Proceedings

Authors:

Luis Barros, Mohamed Tanta, António Martins, João Afonso, J. Pinto

Abstract:

Rail transport has always been one of the greatest economic boosters of several world nations, allowing the freight and passenger transport. In addition, it is the most secure and economic land transportation mode. From the energetic perspective, the electric locomotives emerge as one of the most e…

Rail transport has always been one of the greatest economic boosters of several world nations, allowing the freight and passenger transport. In addition, it is the most secure and economic land transportation mode. From the energetic perspective, the electric locomotives emerge as one of the most efficient land transportation mode, as well as allow a more sustainable development. However, when an electric locomotive is connected to the three-phase power grid, power quality (PQ) deterioration arise, leading to the distortion and unbalance of the three-phase power grid currents and voltages which imply higher operational costs, raising economic and functional issues. In order to overcome the PQ deterioration phenomena, several solutions based power electronics technology have been studied and developed. These solutions vary in terms of control, functionality, implementation costs and complexity. One of the existing solutions is a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), which compensates the three-phase currents imbalance and harmonics.

Research Article in Sustainable Energy for Smart Cities. First EAI International Conference, SESC 2019, Braga, Portugal, December 4–6, 2019, Proceedings

Authors:

Iolanda Saviuc, Steven Passel, Herbert Peremans

Abstract:

The anticipated development of decentralized electricity generation is expected to strengthen the opportunities of prosumers in the residential areas of cities, in line with the predicted establishment of renewable energy generation and storage. Based on academic research and on successful case st…

The anticipated development of decentralized electricity generation is expected to strengthen the opportunities of prosumers in the residential areas of cities, in line with the predicted establishment of renewable energy generation and storage. Based on academic research and on successful case studies, the opportunity for residential prosumers to organize in microgrids emerges as a viable and promising solution. This paper focuses on microgrids that are planned to generate electricity with a PV unit and use a shared storage system, and that opt to have a connection with the main grid. However, the point of common coupling needs to be agreed first between the microgrid operator and the network operator, and this agreement is determined by several factors and conditions beyond the basic technical and regulatory requirements. A survey of academic literature on the determinant factors for such an agreement exposes the fact that current research either focuses on the integration of individual prosumers in the main grid, or regards the point of common coupling as a given component of microgrids. We argue that neither of the two approaches is helpful in the case of microgrids vs. main grid, seeing as the agreement is not self-evident under just any circumstances, nor can the microgrid be equated to a single, large prosumer. Therefore this short paper compiles a set of determinant factors for the microgrid integration, as they emerge from academic literature, with the aim to document further research needs and support the discussion on microgrid integration.