The justification of a request of ERCP in a patient with hematobilia, was evaluated, based on the medical history and negative endoscopy findings for gastrocolic bleeding. The diagnostic examination was performed: it confirmed the release of blood from the papilla of Vater, however the definitive diagnosis could not be established; CT, as the examination of first choice was performed. It provided additional information and the diagnosis of aneurysm of the splenic vein apparently non communicating with the main pancreatic duct, was established. Angiography of the splenic artery was performed as the examination of second choice to definitely ascertain the source of bleeding. During the examination, the aneurysm embolization excluded the affected vessel from the circulation and allowed immediate benefit to the patient.