1.1 PARETO ANALYSIS (80-20 Rule) ? Vilfredo Pareto – economist ? 80% of money held by 20% of people ? 80% of costs, accidents, injuries, accounted for by 20% of jobs/individuals ? Concentrate on those 20% ? Plot in descending order as a cumulative probability distribution (DesignTools)

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1.2 GANTT CHART? Horizontal bar chart of activities ? Shade in bar as completed ? Any given point in time, a snapshot of the status of all activities ? Some behind, some ahead of schedule ? Again focus efforts where needed ? Use DesignTools

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1.3 FISH DIAGRAM? Cause-and-Effect Diagram ? Event or problem (Effect) as “fish head” ? Contribution factors (Cause) as “fish bone” attached to backbone and fish head. ? The principle cause further subdivided into categories: human, machine, methods, materials, environment, admin; until all possible causes are listed ? A good one have several levels of bones and provide a good overview of problem and contribution factors2015/11/4 Method, Standards, and Work Design 9

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1.4 PERT CHART? Program Evaluation and Review Technique ? Network diagram or critical path ? In terms of time ? U.S military project ? Longest path is the critical path.

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Example (p27)? To calculate: how to shorten project duration? ? To estimate the cost of various alternatives?

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1.5 JOB/WORKSITE ANALYSIS GUIDE

? Time to go out on the floor ? Meet with supervisor first? Explain study (production?) ? Select jobs/workers

? May need to meet with union also ? Never express opinions ? Fill out Job/Worksite Analysis Guide

2.3 FLOW DIAGRAM? Pictorial plan of the flow of work ? Is a helpful supplement to the flow process chart. ? Plant layout

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Original Flow Diagram

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Revised layout Flow Diagram

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2.4 WORKER & MACHINE PROCESS CHARTS? Shows the exact time relationship between work cycle of the person and the operating cycle of the machine. ? indicates both idle machine time and worker time – effecting improvement ? Determines the most economical num of machines one worker can operate.

#3 Quantitative Tools? Using Math Model can compute the number of facilities that can be assigned to an operator in less time. ? 3 types worker and machine relationship:? Synchronous servicing? Random servicing ? Combination