Drawing
lessons from the maritime management experience of Britain and other maritime
powers, we can improve the service concept of maritime institutions, promote
the flat management of maritime institutions, strengthen the integration of
maritime resources, and promote the exchange of excellent personnel to improve
the overall level of maritime supervision in China.

As
a traditional maritime power, how to ensure the safety of maritime transport is
an important proposition accompanying its social development. As early as 1809,
the United Kingdom established the maritime defense guard to prevent maritime
smuggling and maritime accident rescue. By 1821, the maritime defence guard had
officially become her majesty's coast guard, tasked with organizing and
deploying forces to search for and rescue people in distress at sea. At the end
of last century, with the development of the international maritime organization,
Britain established the maritime and coast guard department on the basis of the
original maritime safety department and coast guard, which was fully
responsible for national maritime affairs.

The
department of transport is the national maritime authority under which the
British maritime and coast guard service is specifically responsible for
maritime matters. Established in 1998, the British maritime and coastguard
service is responsible for directing and coordinating search and rescue efforts
within the search and rescue responsibility area to ensure the safety of
personnel and vessels at sea and near shore. Second, check whether the ship
meets international and British maritime safety standards, and implement the
safety control of port state and flag state. Third, preventing and controlling
Marine pollution; Fourth, promote the development of international maritime
standards and policies; Fifth is to provide crew qualification assessment and
certification services. It has the following characteristics:

The
professionalization of MCA is reflected in the professionalization of daily
training of search and rescue personnel, the advanced development of search and
rescue boats, planes and equipment, and the high efficiency of coordination and
cooperation of search and rescue operations. MCA has 362 volunteer teams in
coastal ports across the country, with a total of about 3,500 volunteers. In
normal times, it carries out professional training, regular exercises and
training and assessment on rescue personnel to ensure that they have various
search and rescue skills. Four search and rescue bases under the MCA are
equipped with four search and rescue helicopters and several rescue tugs. As an
important non-governmental assistance organization of MCA, the royal lifeboat
association of the United Kingdom has 232 lifeboat stations and 444 lifeboats
of more than 10 all-weather types, which can effectively cover coastal waters.
MCA can also coordinate with the royal navy and air force to provide helicopter
and boat rescue if necessary. In terms of equipment, MCA's 18 radar stations
and AIS stations cover the entire coastal waters, and British satellite company
can also provide effective satellite data support for search and rescue.

More
than 90 per cent of all search and rescue efforts across the UK are being
carried out by social forces. Rescue at sea depends largely on RNLI to carry
out, and MCA is only in charge of search and rescue command. Founded in 1824,
RNLI is the oldest maritime search and rescue charity in the world. It is
funded by local town councils and charities. According to 2012 statistics, the
society's lifeboats were used 8,321 times, rescuing 7,912 people, and were the
main force in the UK's maritime and coastal search and rescue operations.

The
function of British government is based on service. MCA divides the service
objects into two categories, one is the professional personnel engaged in the
shipping profession, the second is the seaside leisure entertainment general
population. For all kinds of people, MCA gives relevant opinions and strategies
in the way of "advisor", instead of proposing relevant requirements
and standards from the perspective of "manager". For example, in ship
inspection, MCA promises to work in a cooperative and partnership relationship,
which embodies the concept of service object as the center, avoids the
contradiction, and highlights the maritime management obligations,
responsibilities and goals.

MCA
has been continuously improving its service level. Its main feature is to
constantly refine service standards and make external commitments. For example,
the commitment standard for search and rescue: response within 10 seconds after
receiving the alarm; After receiving the alarm, make the search and rescue plan
and implement the action within 5 minutes; After the emergency procedure is
started, the water in danger will be reached within the specified time.
Standards for the issuance of crew certificates: after receiving the
application with complete documents, the admission ticket will be issued within
28 days to approve the examination; The crew certificate shall be issued within
14 days after receiving the application with qualified results and complete
documents; Application for eligibility to be granted within 14 days of receipt
of the crew payment receipt.

MCA
adheres to the flat development concept, reduces the intermediate management
level and highlights the effect of front-line organizations.

The
MCA operates a divisional division, with four divisions, including the east of
England, wales and the west of England, Scotland and Northern Ireland, breaking
down the administrative boundaries. Under the four sub-districts, there are 18
maritime regulatory authorities, 17 maritime search and rescue coordination
centres, 1 shipping and crew registration centre, 1 EPIRB centre and 1 fishing
vessel inspection centre. Each level has a clear division of labor, the
combination of blocks, efficient operation.

MCA
adopts the board leadership system and sets up five departments, namely
maritime comprehensive business department, technical service department,
quality standard control department, human resources department and finance
department. The board of directors consists of four members, namely the chief
executive officer, who is fully responsible for the work of MCA; Director of
maritime safety and standards control, responsible for the safety and quality
control of ships and crew; Policy and finance director, responsible for finance
and coordination; Maritime operations executive director responsible for
maritime search and rescue, pollution control, human resources and development
management. 4 clear division of labor, coordination and cooperation, to ensure
efficient operation of the organization.

All
departments of MCA coordinate and cooperate with each other. The maritime
comprehensive service department is responsible for carrying out legal
inspection and safety inspection of ships, ensuring that ships of their own
nationality meet domestic safety standards, implementing port state supervision
of ships of other nationalities, conducting investigation and prosecution of
merchant ships that violate shipping regulations, assisting in maritime search
and rescue and preventing ship pollution; The technical services department is
responsible for radio and voice communications systems; The quality standards
control department is responsible for the assessment and formulation of
standards for the ship, crew, Marine environment and internal quality
management; The human resources department is responsible for internal human
resources management; The finance department is responsible for the financial
management of MCA and the provision of contract services. Two maritime business
status, comprehensive sales department consists of the maritime such as law
enforcement, inspection, shipping, search and rescue response out of the eight
departments, such as quality control consists of the quality management system,
quality, risk analysis and prevention area to the shipping, navigation safety, such
as nine departments, further refinement of the maritime business, better for
small, specialized, refined maritime business management.

As
the concepts of "China dream" and "maritime power" have
been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, the maritime development
strategy has become an important part of the national development strategy. How
to effectively promote the scientific development of maritime management and
meet the new requirements of changing domestic and international situation is a
major opportunity and challenge faced by maritime management institutions.
Referring to the maritime management experience of Britain and other western
powers, the following Suggestions are proposed for the development of maritime
management in China:

Although
in recent years, China has proposed the transformation of government functions
and highlighted the concept of service, most management agencies and public
officials still think about their work from the perspective of
"managers". In the establishment of institutions and the division of
responsibilities, they mainly consider the factors of internal management and
ignore the service counterparts. Therefore, in the future, more attention
should be paid to the awareness of transposition thinking, the concept of
service management should be set up, and the opinions of shipping enterprises
and waterborne employees should be listened to, so as to achieve the scientific
development of maritime management through both internal management and
external environment.

At
present, China is implementing a three-level management and four-level
implementation mechanism. Although the responsibilities and functions of
institutions at all levels are clearly defined, they still show shortcomings
such as information transfer at different levels and cumbersome process. Taking
the reporting of dangerous situations and instructions for example, the Marine
department first reported to the branch bureau, the branch bureau reported to
the direct department bureau, and the direct department reported to the
department search and rescue center office for transmission from bottom to top.
Conversely, the transmission of search and rescue instructions was also
distributed from top to bottom. To some extent, it reduced efficiency and
affected the search and rescue effect. It can be learned from the UK that the
way of direct instructions from MRCC to search and rescue organizations is to
implement flat management. A certain level of maritime or search and rescue
organization, bypassing the original intermediate level and directly facing the
execution level, is one of the directions for future search and rescue
mechanism reform.

Modernization
of equipment system, informationization of supervision technology and
professionalization of personnel are important factors to promote the rapid
development of maritime industry. In spite of the maritime 20 years of rapid
development, countries spend a lot of money to introduce such as VTS, of AIS
and ECDIS and other advanced equipment and regulation system, equipped on
certain hardware, is already the world's leading level in our country, but in
such aspects as system, management and maintenance of the application of
existing problems, has yet to give full play to the effect of modern equipment
system, mainly manifested in the following points: one is the operating
personnel, maintenance personnel, equipped with did not meet the requirements;
Second, things like repeated input and resource waste happen from time to time.
Third, some resources fail to achieve a high degree of integration, and the
phenomenon of each department fighting for itself is more prominent. To solve
these problems, can begin from the following two points: one is standing in the
height of the national development strategy, formulate a unified construction
and management, data standard, specification, effectively integrate the
regulatory systems, build national maritime regulatory network platform, wading
institutions and departments are using this platform, realize information
sharing and resource integration. 2 it is to strengthen the cultivation of the
maritime professionals, use, communication and training mode to cultivate
virtuous cycle, previously taught a generation after generation, different
people communicate with each other in the field of communication, not only
ensure the high quality, professional team of continuously updated, and realize
the efficient to cultivate inter-disciplinary talent, is an important role in
promoting the development of China's maritime management maintain a high level.