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The British Admiralty estimated that the german navy would be the world's second largest by 1906. 13 Major reforms of the royal navy were undertaken, particularly by Admiral Jackie fisher as First sea lord from 1904 to 1909. 154 older ships, including 17 battleships, were scrapped to make way for newer vessels. Reforms in training and gunnery were introduced to make good perceived deficiencies, which in part Tirpitz had counted upon to provide his ships with a margin of superiority. More capital ships were stationed in British home waters. A treaty with Japan in 1902 meant that ships could be withdrawn from East Asia, while the Entente cordiale with France in 1904 meant that Britain could concentrate on guarding Channel waters, including the French coast, while France would protect British interests in the mediterranean. By 1906 it was considered that Britain's only likely naval enemy was Germany.

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Instead, the bill was financed by massive loans. Tirpitz, in 1899 was already exploring the possibilities for extending the battleship total to 45, a target which rose to 48 by 1909. 11 kaiser Wilhelm on board light cruiser sms geier in 1894. Tirpitzs ultimate goal was a fleet capable of rivaling the royal navy. As British public opinion was turned against Germany, admiral Sir John Fisher twice in 19 proposed using Britains current naval superiority to ' copenhagen ' the german fleet, that is, to launch pre-emptive strikes against the kiel and Wilhelmshaven naval bases as the royal navy. Britain had to maintain a fleet throughout the world and consider other naval powers, whereas the german fleet could be concentrated in German waters citation needed. Attempts were made to play down the perceived threat to Britain, but once the german fleet reached the position of equalling the other second-rank navies, it became impossible to avoid mention of the one requires great fleet it was intended to challenge. Tirpitz hoped that other second-rank powers might ally with Germany, attracted by its navy. The policy of commencing what amounted to a naval arms race did not properly consider how Britain might respond. British policy, stated in the naval Defence Act of 1889, was to maintain a navy superior to Britain's two largest rivals combined.

10 On the first navy bill was passed by the reichstag. It authorised the maintenance of a fleet of 19 battleships, 8 armoured cruisers, 12 large cruisers and 30 light cruisers to summary be constructed by Existing ships were counted in the total, but the bill provided for ships to be replaced every 25 years. Five million marks annually was allocated to run the navy, with a total budget of 408 million marks for shipbuilding. This would bring the german fleet to a strength where it could contemplate challenging France or Russia, but would remain clearly inferior to the world's largest fleet, the royal navy. Following the boxer rebellion in China and the boer War, a second navy bill was passed on This approximately doubled the allocated number of ships to 38 battleships, 20 armoured cruisers, 38 light cruisers. Significantly, the bill set no overall cost limit for the building program. Expenditure for the navy was too great to be met from taxation: the reichstag had limited powers to extend taxation without entering into negotiations with the constituent German states, and this was considered politically unviable.

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He had great success in persuading parliament to pass successive navy bills authorising expansions of the fleet. 9 German foreign policy as espoused by Otto von Bismarck had been to deflect the interest of great powers abroad while germany consolidated her integration and military strength. Now Germany was proposal to compete with the rest. Tirpitz started slogan with a publicity campaign aimed at popularising the navy. He created popular magazines about the navy, arranged for Alfred Thayer Mahan's The Influence of sea power upon History, which argued the importance of naval forces, to be translated into german and serialised in newspapers, arranged rallies in support and invited politicians and industrialists. Various pressure groups were formed to lobby politicians and spread publicity. One such organisation, the navy league or Flottenverein, was organized by principals in the steel industry ( Alfred Krupp ship yards and banks, gaining more than one million members. Political parties were offered concessions, such as taxes on imported grain, in exchange for their support for naval bills.

8 In 1892 Germany had launched the protected cruiser sms kaiserin Augusta, the first navy ship to have triple propellers. She was succeeded by five victoria louise -class protected cruisers, the last 'protected as distinct from 'armoured' cruiser class constructed by germany. The ships, completed between 18, had deck armour but not side armour and were intended for overseas duties. Shortages of funding meant it was not possible to create several designs of cruisers specialised for long range work, or more heavily armoured for fleet work. Work commenced on an armoured cruiser design, sms fürst Bismarck started in 1896 and commissioned in 1900. 1897 to 1906 Tirpitz and the navy bills edit Alfred von Tirpitz. On rear-Admiral Alfred von Tirpitz was appointed State secretary of the navy, where he remained for nineteen years. Tirpitz advocated the cause of an expanded navy necessary for Germany to defend her territories abroad.

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6 In 1889 Wilhelm ii reorganised top level control of the navy by thesis creating a navy cabinet (Marine-kabinett) equivalent to the german Imperial Military cabinet which had previously functioned in the same capacity for both the army and navy. The head of the navy cabinet was responsible for promotions, appointments, administration and issuing orders to naval forces. Captain Gustav von Senden-Bibran was appointed as its first head and remained so until 1906, when he was replaced by the long-serving Admiral georg Alexander von Müller. The existing Imperial admiralty was abolished and its responsibilities divided between two organisations. A new position of Chief of the Imperial naval High Command was created, being responsible for ship deployments, strategy and tactics, an equivalent to the supreme commander of the Army. Vice admiral Max von der Goltz was appointed in 1889 and remained in post until 1895. Construction and maintenance of ships and obtaining supplies was the responsibility of the State secretary of the Imperial navy office (Reichsmarineamt responsible to the chancellor and advising the reichstag on naval matters.

The first appointee disadvantages was rear Admiral Karl Eduard heusner, followed shortly by rear Admiral Friedrich von Hollmann from 1890 to 1897. Each of these three heads of department reported separately to wilhelm. 7 German sailor.1890 In 1895 funding was agreed for five battleships of the kaiser Friedrich iii class, completed by 1902. The ships were innovative for their time, introducing a complex system of watertight compartments and storing coal along the sides of the ship to help absorb explosions. However, the ships went against the trend for increasingly larger main guns, having smaller diameter guns than the Brandenburg design, but with a quick-loading design and more powerful secondary armaments. Costs rose to 21 million marks each, as had size to 11,500 tons.

2 Karte der Auslandsstationen der kaiserlichen Marine later, the protection of German maritime trade routes became important. This soon involved the setting up of some overseas supply stations, so called Auslandsstationen (foreign stations) and in the 1880s the Imperial navy played a part in helping to secure the establishment of German colonies and protectorates in Africa, asia and Oceania. 1888 to 1897, kaiser Wilhelm ii edit wilhelm ii in 19 Wilhelm ii became Emperor after the death of his father Frederick iii, who ruled for only 99 days. He started his reign with the intention of doing for the navy what his grandfather Wilhelm I had done for the army. The creation of a maritime empire to rival the British and French empires became an ambition to mark germany as a truly global great power.

Wilhelm became Grand Admiral of the german navy, but also was awarded honorific titles from all over Europe, becoming admiral in the British, russian, Swedish, danish, norwegian, austro-hungarian and Greek navies. On one occasion he wore the uniform of a british admiral to receive the visiting British ambassador. 3 At this time the Imperial navy had 534 officers and 15,480 men. 4 The concept of expanding naval power, inevitably at the cost of not expanding other forces, was opposed by the three successive heads of the german armed forces, waldersee, schlieffen and Moltke between 18It would also have been more widely opposed, had the kaiser's intentions. Instead, he proceeded with a plan to expand the navy slowly, justifying enlargement step by step. wilhelm ii appointed Vice-Admiral Alexander von Monts as head of the admiralty. Monts oversaw the design of the Brandenburg -class battleship, four of which were constructed by 1894 at a cost of 16 million marks each and displacement of 10,000 tons.

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The building plan had to be approved by the reichstag, which surgery controlled the allocation of funds, although one-quarter of the money came from French war reparations. 2 In 1883 Stosch was replaced by another general, count leo von Caprivi. At this point the navy had seven armoured frigates and four armoured corvettes, 400 officers and 5,000 ratings. The objectives of coastal defence remained largely unchanged, but there was a new emphasis on development of the torpedo, which offered the possibility of relatively small ships successfully attacking much larger ones. In October 1887 the first torpedo division was created at Wilhelmshaven and the second torpedo division based at kiel. In 1887 Caprivi requested the construction of ten armoured frigates. Greater importance was placed at this time on development of the army, which was expected empire to be more important in any war. However, the kiel Canal was commenced in June 1887, which connected the north sea with the baltic through the jutland peninsula, allowing German ships to travel between the two seas avoiding waters controlled by other countries. This shortened the journey for commercial ships, but specifically united the two areas principally of concern to the german navy, at a cost of 150 million marks.

Supreme command was vested in the emperor, but its first appointed chief was General der Infanterie (General of the Infantry) Albrecht von Stosch. Kiel on the baltic sea and reviews Wilhelmshaven on the north sea served as the navy's principal naval bases. The former navy ministry became the Imperial Admiralty on 1 February 1872, while Stosch became formally an admiral in 1875. Initially the main task of the new Imperial navy was coastal protection, with France and Russia seen as Germany's most likely future enemies. The Imperial navy's tasks were then to prevent any invasion force from landing and to protect coastal towns from possible bombardment. 1 In March 1872 a german Imperial naval Academy was created at kiel for training officers, followed in may by the creation of a 'machine Engineer Corps and in February 1873 a 'medical Corps'. In July 1879 a separate 'torpedo Engineer Corps' was created dealing with torpedoes and mines. Ten-year building programme was instituted to modernise the fleet. This called for eight armoured frigates, six armoured corvettes, twenty light corvettes, seven monitors, two floating batteries, six avisos, eighteen gunboats and twenty-eight torpedo boats, at an estimated cost of 220 million gold marks.

navy also emerged from the fleet action of the battle of Jutland having destroyed more ships than it lost, although the strategic value of both of these encounters was minimal. The Imperial navy was the first to operate submarines successfully on a large scale in wartime, with 375 submarines commissioned by the end of the first World War, and it also operated zeppelins. Although it was never able to match the number of ships of the royal navy, it had technological advantages, such as better shells and propellant for much of the Great War, meaning that it never lost a ship to a catastrophic magazine explosion from. 1871 to 1888, kaiser Wilhelm i edit Proclamation of Wilhelm i as emperor of Germany. The unification of Germany under Prussian leadership was the defining point for the creation of the Imperial navy in 1871. The newly created emperor, wilhelm i, as King of Prussia, had previously been head of state of the strongest state forming part of the new empire. The navy remained the same as that operated by the empire's predecessor organisation in the unification of Germany, the north German Federation, which itself in 1867 had inherited the navy of the kingdom of Prussia. Article 53 of the new Empire's constitution recognised the existence of the navy as an independent organisation, but until 1888 it was commanded by army officers and initially adopted the same regulations as the Prussian army.

Battle of Jutland, was indecisive. However, the submarine fleet was greatly expanded and posed a major threat to the British supply system. The Imperial navy's main ships were turned over to the Allies, but then were sunk at Scapa Flow in desk 1919 by german crews. All ships of the Imperial navy were designated. Sms, for, seiner Majestät Schiff (His Majesty's Ship). Contents, achievements edit, dreadnoughts of the high seas Fleet. The Imperial navy achieved some important operational feats.

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The, imperial German navy (German: kaiserliche marine, "Imperial navy was the navy created at the time of the formation of the. It existed between 18, growing out of the small. Prussian navy (from 1867 the, north German Federal navy which primarily had the mission of coastal defence. Kaiser Wilhelm ii greatly expanded the navy, and enlarged its mission. The key leader was Admiral. Alfred von Tirpitz, who greatly expanded the size and quality of the navy, while summary adopting the sea power theories of American strategist. The result was a naval arms race with Britain as the german navy grew to become one of the greatest maritime forces in the world, second only to the. The german surface navy proved ineffective during World War I; its only major engagement, the.

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