So I've seen questions like this one looking for help uploading music with Google Music on Linux, but none really seem to confront the notion of solely using the command line. I've downloaded the software from Google and dug around in those files for anything useful but wasn't able to come up with any good solutions.

What's your question here exactly? If you're looking for a pre-made product to do this for you, that would be considered off-topic. Otherwise the question is pretty vague. You'll probably want to approach this as two different tasks (to start): one for watching the folder and firing a script, and the other for scripting the upload via the Google client.
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Ƭᴇcʜιᴇ007Jan 17 '14 at 17:34

Hope they are useful. Read comments. Remember to edit: «GMAILUSER -p PASSWORD -s /path/to/music -m SERVERNAME» with you own data. (SERVERNAME could be whatever. Its just a name so you can identify your server from your Google-login.)

Type $HOME/gmm-headless-script.sh in terminal to start sync.

Essentially the scripts:

have you download and install the linux version of the google music uploader

have you install a x11 server that uses vnc and framebuffer for output so you don't have to actually deal with x11, but the app will be able to run

instruct the music uploader to run, specifying the user account and sync from location.

Making this automatic would then be a matter of adding this to cron for repeat syncage, presumably once your initial upload had completed.

A thing to watch out for is excessively long sync / upload times that might lead to overlap of your cronned sync jobs.