Bio Final

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core theme of biology

evolution

aristotle believed that

Species are fixed (permanent) and perfect

Darwin found that some of the species on the Galapagos islands resembled species of the South American mainland

More than they resembled animals on ecologically similar but distant islands

Which of the following statements would Darwin have disagreed with?

Descent with modification occurs through inheritance of acquired characteristics

Lyell's book Principles of Geology, which Darwin read on board the H.M.S Beagle, argued in favor of which of the following concepts?

Earth's surface is shaped by natural forces that act gradually and are still acting

A dog breeder wishes to develop a breed that does not bark. She starts with a diverse mixture of dogs. Generation after generation, she allows only the quietest dogs to breed. After 30 years of work she has a new breed of dog with interesting traits, but on average, the dogs still bark at about the same rate as other dog breeds. Which of the following would be a logical explanation for her failure?

The tendency to bark is not a heritable trait

Which of the following assumptions or observations contradicts Darwin's idea of natural selection?

Whether an organism survives and reproduces is almost entirely a matter of random chance

Which of the following best expresses the concept of natural selection?

Differential reproductive success based on inherited characteristics

Who developed a theory of evolution almost identical to Darwin's?

Wallace

Which of the following statements regarding natural selection is false?

Natural selection starts with the creation of new alleles that are directed toward improving an organism's fitness