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PowerPoint Slideshow about ' GENDER GAPS' - margo

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Family labour, including thatof women, is often controlled by husbands - women tend to be unpaid labourers on their husbands' land

Men and women have different accessto paid labour

Farms run by female-headed HHs have less labour available for farm work - have fewer working-age adult members and women have heavy and unpaid household duties that take them away from more productive activities

Labour scarcity limits women’s farming activity

Labour remuneration also differs along gender lines - the total income share received by men is much more than received by women.

Altho’ women form the largest %age of those reached by microfinance, they receive very small loans (quantities), and in aggregate the fewer men reached by microfinance receive a higher proportion of loans than the many women put together.

In Africa, women receive less than 10% of the credit to small farmers and 1 % of the total credit to agri.

– one reason for this is that men dominate as extension officers/agents who frequently disregard women in the delivery of services and their specific needs, interests and problems are neither heard nor addressed

Differentials in education rates between men and women still persist at all levels of income, suggesting that social and cultural factors play a stronger role than income in determining female participation in education.

Domestic chores - fetching fuel and water, tending of younger siblings - are one of the factors limiting girls’ access to schooling

Many associations, groups, institutions even at the community levels are mostly dominated by men

Lower rates of adaptive innovation & heightened food insecurity among women food producers compared to men if crop/crop varieties, livestock, forest, fishery or water management practices are not compatible with women’s preferences and constraints

Lower incomes for women as they lose control over traditionally female sources of income generation

Widening gap between women and men in capacity to adapt if women’s indigenous knowledge loses its value and viability

Increased drudgery for women in agriculture/livelihoods work as well as household provisioning – especially as scarcity of natural resources (fuel and water) intensifies or if male outmigration from farms accelerates in response to hardship

Increased vulnerability to risk for women if the gender gap persists in access to extension and communication technologies