Volga Neuroscience Meeting 2016 (VNM-2016) took place on board of large riverboat “Nizhny Novgorod” cruising from St. Petersburg to Nizhny Novgorod on 24-30 July 2016. VMN-2016 became the first neuroscience conference in Russia in such format. The meeting was open by the speech of Prof. Evgeny Chuprunov, the rector of Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod (UNN). UNN Institute of Neuroscience was the main organizer. There were three parallel sections “Cellular Neuroscience”, “Molecular Neuroscience” and “Computational Neuroscience”. In addition, the meeting included two satellite workshops and Volga Neuroscience School for young researchers. School participants in addition to the obligatory program had a chance to attend the other lectures of their interest and present their research at two poster sessions. In the framework of the poster session, there was the Best poster competition organized by Elsevier Russia. The speakers of the meeting voted for the winner, Valentina Mosienko. The abstracts of the VNM-2016 were printed and are available online in Opera Medica et Physiologica, a new international journal organized by UNN.