Read e-book online A Study on Catalytic Conversion of Non-Food Biomass into PDF

The subject of this thesis is catalytic conversion of non-food, plentiful, and renewable biomass reminiscent of cellulose and chitin to chemical compounds. In biorefinery, chemical transformation of polymers to precious compounds has attracted all over the world curiosity for construction sustainable societies. First, the present scenario of this sizzling study quarter has been summarized good within the basic creation of the thesis, which is helping readers to get to grips with this subject. subsequent, the writer explains high-yielding construction of glucose from cellulose through the use of an alkali-activated carbon as a catalyst, leading to a yield of glucose as excessive as 88%, that's one of many maximum yields ever suggested. The characterization of carbon fabrics has indicated that vulnerable acid websites at the catalyst advertise the response, that's markedly diversified from pronounced catalytic platforms that require powerful acids. additionally, the 1st catalytic transformation of chitin with retention of N-acetyl teams has been constructed. the mix of mechanocatalytic hydrolysis and thermal solvolysis permits the creation of N-acetylated monomers in stable yields of as much as 70%. The catalytic platforms established during this thesis are precise within the fields of either chemistry and chemical engineering, and their excessive efficiencies can give a contribution to eco-friendly and sustainable chemistry sooner or later. in the meantime, mechanistic stories in accordance with characterization, thermodynamics, kinetics, and version reactions have additionally been played to bare the jobs of catalysts through the reactions. the consequences should be invaluable for readers to layout and increase new catalysts and response systems.

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Glucosidase works for the hydrolysis of soluble oligomers produced by EG and CBH to glucose. The functions of EG and CBH for the hydrolysis of cellulose are proposed as follows. First, enzymes adsorb onto the surface of cellulose through hydrophobic interactions derived from the binding domain composed of three exposed tyrosine residues [115]. Second, cellulose chains are introduced into a pocket (in the case of EG) or a tunnel (CBH, Fig. 13), where there is an active site [116, 117]. Then a glycosidic bond in cellulose is cleaved by a pair of carboxylic acid and carboxylate, in which two types of mechanism, inverting and retaining ones, are presumed (Fig.