Note: You can stop reading past the title. Everything after the title is just fluff, so that it looks like i tried to resolve the problem of my own. Some people are mean-spirited, and close questions unless they pay the "shows research effort" tax.

Note: In (Windows 7 at least) you can still change a color scheme; you just cannot define new ones:

But it starts to get difficult when you have to remember the Icon Spacing (Horizontal) and Icon Spacing (Vertical) so that things still work right.

2 Answers
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Excellent research effort. I don't think you can use color schemes to affect the size of screen elements or fonts in Windows 7, etc. There are high contrast schemes for Windows 7, etc., but they are meant to be used in conjunction with the increased DPI setting.

You can use the magnifier (winkey+) which has some configuration options that may help.

Or you could reduce the screen resolution which will also have the effect of making things look bigger.