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GermanBy Andr? Ch?radamc<<\T.*,rlgl?t, 1819. New York Tribune Inc >PARIS, March l.?The recent state?ment of Premier Clemenceauto The Associated Press is thebest justification I could wish forthe judgments I have been sending forseveral weeks. It remains now for theAllies to come down from the cloudyaltitudes of theoretical discussions to aworld of realities. The danger must belooked in the face if once again it is tobe averted. Ways and means are notlacking, but the condition is that no timebe lost.Germany Will TryTo Escape PenaltiesThere is no excuse for a doubt thatthe Germans will keep their word andendeavor in all ways to avoid repara?tions and seize the first opportunity toput their hand agnin on ('entrai Europe.That is the basis of the reason why Irecommended the Immediate dispatch ofthe Allied troops to Central Europe. Thepresence alone of these troops wouldhave prevented vexatious surprise. ThereIs all the more renson during the armis?tice that the Allies should occupy chosenregions of Central Europe, since those?h^y took Ifi the West along thfl Rhineare quit? Inwfflelent to force Germanyto pay the Indlipeneable reparations.Sili'h n reiult ll iiii^nilile ?mly if Get'many I? encircled card and loutheait,thus loaving the AHlei maiteri of theload? whereby Germany might be fedfrom the east, and, on the other hand,if the Allies make Poland an insuperableobstacle to the junction of the Germanand the Russian Bolshevik armies. Thiswould have sufficed to forbid any re?sumption of German activity in CentralEurope.To bring about the geographic encir?cling of Germany east and southeast, andthus assure the conversion of the virtualvictory of the Allies into a real anddefinitive victory, all that was neededwas the occupation by some Allied di?visions, reinforced by Polish and Czecho?slovak troops, of a line extending fromDanzig through Posen, Ehovn, Ratiborand Prague.As a matter of fact, a combination ofthe classes of the armistice concludedwith Austria-Hungary and Germanymade the occupation of this line extreme?ly easy, for these clauses give the Alliesthe right to establish themselves in anypart of the Austro-Hungarian territoryand also the right to pass by Danzig.If this occupation had been undertakenimmediately after the armistice Ger?many, then feeling her defeat, would nothave dreamed of protesting. But nowthat the peace conference has allowedthe Germans time to look up and seestill a chance to man?uvre, the difficultyof occupation will be greater. Yet thedifficulty is still easily surmounted, ifthe Allied governments, supported bypublic opinion, carry out the plan.To understand the aim of the so-calledrepublican goyernment at Berlin and ofYourBy Col. Charles E. LydeckerPresident of the National SecurityLeagueDURING the years of the world war,and before the entry therein ofthe United States, the subject ofuniversal military training Wasvery generally urged and discussed. Pewappeared to understand that universal mili?tary service was applicable only to a eond tion of war and that service Was not deaired in time of pence or compatible withour national life. Senator Chamberlain hadptftMnted one o? more bills for enactment,many pamphlet! an?) articles were printedend add reste*? minio ami the history ofother countries was generally reviewed.The ti?le "Universal Military Service ntulTraining" wai generally used., no distinctionIn tin* imputar iiiiiiit tif-ing made between??rvii't? ?nd training. We wo re urged tohave the wind* aubjeel embodied In the lew,'I be war brean for ihr Unite?! Statei? InApril, 161.7, ?nil ?hi. eduoatlon of the peoplehad gone on !?<> fully thai (he necessity fortreating an army made the solution of umVernal lefvlo? by "?lecliv?. eonm'rlpl Inn tlii?plain, logical and rlghteoui method of put??mg nur aombatant? on the tiring hue, Tothoec who bad eontrlbuted to that renuit,and to no body of worker*, run credit hrgiven more fully thnn to ihr National Beeurity League, to which the country owe?, hdebt of gratitude.**PeacelulAcceptance"The response of the people to the law,and the <:he*rfiil und piarefui acceptanceof du'y by fitly eli,i.*i of the Cimmunily and particularly by the women, anddependents of those classes, must ever?tend as m monument, to the chivalry andcourage of a democracy founded on theeternal principien of American indi-prndcn-e.The war has been fought and the vletorywon and the nation? are *?-tt]irig hack tothe ways of peace, with many proipccta offuture -years to come in which war ?hall.'the junker Marshal Hindenburg?inti?mately linked by the ?similarity oftheir Pan-German aspirations?one must? never bise? sight of the? fact that the Ger! mans will always seek to reconstructCentral Pan-Germany as long as the1 slightest chance of success remains. Re: member, tin? Germans really made thej war in order to create Pan-Germany,I ami now the mistakes of the conference! give them a chance to win a trick. It isnatural, having regard for their mcntal! ity, that they wirhseek to profit.The objects e>f the chiefs of the GcrI man republic are now made manifest byincontestable facts. What better proofl than at the same time that the Germans| wish to annex German Austria they alsowish to keep within German boundaries[ (1,000,000 Holes, despite the expressedwish of the latter? If the Germans sin| cerely adopt the principle of nationalitiesas the basis of the reconstruction of Eu?rope, one could understand the demandfor a union with Germany of the 7,000,000 Germans of the Viennese region.There is a geographic excuse for this,provided the Austrian Germans reallywish it, which hrts not yet been proved.Proof That Germany IsActing in Bad FaithBut when, at the same time, with theincorporation of German Austria one !\ sers them Insisting upon the retention of ?0,000,000 Poles, who are asking no bet- IThe Yanl?- * *By J, Bourdon nayNANCY, Finnic. ?THE firs! time we saw American 'soldiers ovor here in Nancy seemsnow very far away. After so manymonths we are used to having manyof them in our Lorraine country. First it !was with a friendly curiosity that the ipeople in Nancy looked at the first "Yanks" jwho came one- day into the town. "Here's j1 an American!" one said and looked at himwith wide ope'n eyes. 1 must, say that be. fore the war we did not know the Ameri: cans; I mean the Americans as they are; Most of the folk everywhere in France eliei, not know a single bit about the LTnited ,; States, and for many eif us French people 1America just appeared the famous country }Boy9 ancbe made far more elifficult and far lessprobable than ever before.Soldiers returning from active army lifeare likely to tut of a similar frame ofmind to theise who came back from thefront in 1865, after the Civil War, com?pletely satisfied with military activity anddisinclined to keep up a semblance of armywork.The advocates of military training whobelieve so heartily in its value for health,e-hnraeter building, efficiency and nationaldefence, and who have not. hntl service inthe field, as well us thos" who have, arejust us decided concerning the wisdom ofadopting n system fitted for our citizens,Hence, while a great vote would bo polledfor universal military Instruction one!training, there would be many views onthe method to be followed, und absoluteluck of unanimity,There are several schools that wouldpinn this work?The ArmySchool'iii.? nimv loh'..'i regards Hi" youth nfIhr bind un capable of bring put. tllto theHeld between eighteen and twenty-nunyears of ago ami itlven Intensive trainingfor the re'iuiHii'? iiumtier of months.The regular h educated to Ins modusvivendi. Im drawa his pay from a gov?ernment which gives him n llfn Job, heapproctetos th.. value of discipline andsubordination, he bun little oonoern fortutus in Ihe world of gain or advance?ment OUtside Of bin iterviee, itnel he regardsi the youth of the country as the field of; activity for creating a national army, andthink? they should bo eagerly turned overto the War li.-piii hue?i to mould, ?t suchreasonable cosl and oxponso us the armycan ?how to 1"- necoi . i ?New York'sLawA school, represented by the New YorkState law, belioves that military trainingshould begin at twelve years of age byregular school exercises, and that at sixSure To Be in a Strategic Position for a Fresh AttackUnless Securely Surrounded byStrong, Free Nationster than to escape from their yoke, itbecomes clear that they are acting in badfaith and seeking the aggrandizement ofGermany on the basis of the Pan-Ger?man conception. Further proof of thisis seen in the fact that during the monthpast Hindenburg has concentrated on thePolish frontier forces poworful enoughto crush the Poles rapidly and thus se?cure the results I show below.The danger is so undeniable that de- ,spite the surprising resistance concern- Jing Poland arising in the peace confer?ence, Foch finally received a mandateto begin the necessary operations. As Iwrite the first result was obtained, forthe German offensive against Poland wassuspended, but that can only be consid?ered a real success if many other thingsfollow. Possibly the suspension of the ioffensive was only a man?uvre. Indeed,seeing the Allies commence to realize thedanger, the Germans naturally interrupttheir activities and give the appearanceof satisfaction in order to gain time untila lew weeks hence, when the demobiliza?tion will have proceeded to a point wherethe Allies cannot assert themselves. Then?e Plainsof bliy-icrapei h, fur-west, cowboy? und milllonnlrcSi quite a strange placo un you sue.I believe the movies were in some wayguilty of that.That will help you 1o realize, why Nancy'sinhabitants looked at your soldiers withsuch hugely curious eyes. I believe manya fellow expected to find the Americanswith quite different faces . . . but alongwith thai curiosity there was somethingelse in our hearts when we first saw Amer?ica's soldiers here. Glad and grateful wowere to see them, for it was a sign thatthe United States was actually helping usand hurriedly sending men over here, togive a hand to our poilus licking the Huns.Since the first days that they came intoour old town the people did like them verymuch. We like them now because we knowthey did so much for the cause of ouiFrance, and also because we. cannot helploving them, they are so nice chaps. "Ilssont tous de tros chic types," every one saysof them. Really, your boys have won theheart of the French people here in Nancy.Everybody, men, women, girl.s and boys,is quite fond of these khaki-clad soldierswith their broad shoulders and good smilethat shows their white teeth. By the way,the Americans' white teeth arc very muchadmired by the French people, and I knowmany a girl would like to have such shin?ing ones to make her smile more attractive.While the girls envy the teeth of the Yanks,the boys envy too the fragrance and mild?ness of American tobacco. It is now :i factthat every young fellow, who can't get histongue accustomed to the bitterness of thestrong French tobacco, appreciates greatlythe American cigarettes.A good lot of your soldiers who did notknow a single word of French when theylanded are now acquiring a little vocabu?lary and some are quite able fo get alongI the Riteen all boys are to be enrolled, and thatthose between sixteen and nineteen yearsof age arc to take such military trainingin camp or elsewhere as the military train?ing commission shall prescribe.Others believe that the age limit of mili?tary service, eighteen years, marks the timewhen obligation to bear arni3 should beactually recognized, and that the govern?ment should begin to provide fey* the mili?tary education at that age.Some advocates of military training haveno other thought than to have the militarytraining consist of intensive work in thefield or armory or rifle range, covering thephysical elements of the soldier career."The ManWho Obeys"Other? there are who think tbnt In mak?ing n soldier It Is ? prime necessity to cuverthe field of the psychology ef the soldierand Hint? the great eat Werk I? BOOOrnplllhedwhen a man linn Iipph trained to compreherid that n publier I? n mini who obey?Implicitly, comprehend? duty, Is above, feusand Ip loyal, generouM ami strong. A braveoflirer lately returned from Krane? expreiied It thuai "I think the ?oldlrr In Hi)per eent grit and ?20 por enit; trained,"They believe that, the subject should he?lyled "Uulvrreal Military Instruction andTraining"; that evrry Institution of learn*ing in thii country should, as a part of Uscourue, require Its student? to acquire mili?tary Instruction concerning tho organisa?tion and tme ?f man power for war andthe machinery used therein, In conjunctionwith auch trninlng by government, for allbeginners.The fear of a failure to aee.ure universalmilitary Instruction and training arisenfrom the fact that agreement upon themethod of accomplishing it In next to Im?possible.Por ?omis year? a plan of compulsorymilitary instruction has been advocatedwhich works without irksomeness or drainupon the citizen, but bringe fundamentalelements of the military requirements intothe body politic.Briefly stated, it comprises?!the German plan will become possible jand relatively easy.Foresees the Pillage ofPoland by GermansThe German man?uvre is divided intothe following elements, which must becomprehended to make its execution im?possible :First, the sudden and powerful attackon Poland; second, pillage of the coun?try so as to render the building up ofPoland impossible; third, a junction withthe Russian Bolshevik troops advancingtoward the Vistula for several weekspast; fourth, an attack on the Czecho?slovaks, reducing them to the state ofPoland.Remember that a defeat of the Czecho?slovaks in Bohemia would be facilitatedby the union of Germany and Austria.Then the German army might takeBohemia in the rear from the south,while the German and Bolshevik troopsattacked in the north and northeast.Fifth, the crushing of the Poles andCaecho-S?ovaks would certainly Immedi?ately give Germany the upper hand inAXAcXAJL v/11 Avery well alone veil h what I hey know of Iour language, 'm course they nil knowhmv in say "Bonjour, mademoiselle," whenpassing a pretty Pronch girl In the street,But they did not always succeed In makingthemselves understood.About that there Is a funny story I heard?i'niin several Americans. When they wt'teIn a shop, having chosen something, theyaskeil how much it wus. They knew how tosay in French "how much for," but thenthe- trouble began. There was a lack intheir French vocabulary, they did not knowthe way to say "this," and so they must, usethe English word for it. Your English 'this"sounds quite like- our French "dix." Well, thepeople in tile shop always believed theAmericans asked "how much for ten of thesethings?" and they multiplied by ten theprice of the required article, "(ice," saidthe Yank, "did 1 hear right'.'" Just realizethe stupefaction of the poor doughboy.There are many more amusing mistakes ofthat kinil, but I think this one is the best.? Not, only have the Americans learnedsome French words but noine French peopletoo know a little bit of English, most, ofthem as much cs the Yanks know of French,The little boys all know how to say goodmorning, good night and goodby. if itis not a very large vocabulary it is easy touse? often. I don't mean they always use theright sentence at the right time. "Goodnight" in the morning is quite common, andso on for the others, but, to use a Frenchexpression, "l'intention y est," and theneverything is all right,Hut do you know it is our city lhal wasdesignated as a rest place for one of thefamous United States divisions that stoppedand then pushed back so we'll the Germanattacks at Chateau Thierry? It was insummer, as you all remember, One day wesaw beautiful American regiments marchingI. Compulsory enrolment nt eighteenyears of nge before an intelligent army of?ficer or soldier, who explains the reasontherefor.". A card index of men showing occu?pation and personal details to secureknowledge eif the history of the man andthe use which could lie made of him in themany phases of a soldier's duties in thefield,8. Teaching the youth the status towhich he. has arrived and his obligation toserve as a soldier, what that means andhow he can rise above low level I o gradein rank und service, why every one who hasthe ability will try <o do so; nt the sumetime giving him n beginner's drill bookmid then dismissing him for three monthsColonel Charles E. LydeckerI Central Europe. Once masters of Boj hernia and Poland, a junction with theMagyars of Central Hungary would beinevitable.As for the Rumanians, they are al?ready menaced by Bolshevik armies andpropaganda, and would be caught be?tween the Germans and Magyars. In: this case it is infinitely probable thatj the Bulgarians would support the Geri man movement, and that the Turks wouldi follow suit, for already there is unrestj in Turkey. But whatever the Bulgarians' and Turks might do, it is clear that on: the day Germany again controls CentraiEurope she will also master Russia byI the help of the Bolsheviki, and France? and England and their Allies will beunable to get reparations from Germanyfor the reason that the means of con?straint will he utterly lacking.Sees Holshevik CrisisIn Allied CountriesIt was by reason of the difficult finan?cial situation of France, as described byM. Clemenceau, that it whs impossible Inprovide work for the men too rapidly:he Hillsthrough th.. town's hui-iiii'U 1. Surely theylooked to be Juni from quite a hot ?pol andit wiiH citiiy in see they hud been in bfll'dlighting. Uight BW?y we all knew they werethose who had made so good round Ch&toauThierry and helped bo much to stop theHun-*. We had rend in the papers ??boutthe famous Marino brigade, we had seenpictures showing what they had done, inthe Bois de Belleau. All the city was happyand proud to have them here with us. Verysoon most of the people knew how to tell a.Marine by his special sign, the world, theanchor and the eagle. This division did notstay long down here, and one day, as theyhad conic, they left the town, going to an?other hot place. In that 1918 summer theFrench front was not short of hot places,was it '.'Here in Nancy there are several Americanbases: Red Cross, V. M. C. A., United StatesPostoffice, the Provost .Marshal's office, theAmerican laundry. That partly explains thegreat number of American cars and trucksspeeding through the city all the day long.By the way. the French people admire thosecars very much; they say they are fast andnoiseless and so good looking mid "chic""elles tout ?patantes," and be sure the word?patant is full of praise.There are some American girls here tooAmerican nurses, Y. M. I'. A. people andMedical Gyps women. The people say theylook very nice in their uniforms, and surelythese uniforms are awfully becoming. Whenduring (he war we used to see them comingfrom the lines with their yellow gas maskbug at their side, very military they looked.How long more shall we see the Ameri?cans in France? Some sny they will goback soon to the States, others say theywill stay some time. Wl-.o is right ? Ofcourse all your soldiers are longing to getback, although they like this country here.tary Trsto learn the contents of the tract and thinki i over.?!? Give him an enrolment card con?taining his first orders. This is the begin?ning of the creation of the soldier's psy?chology and informs him about:(a) The knowledge that he is a soldier;(b) The comprehension that he mustserve any time when called, and where;lc! The details he must learn; anil(di Tin* hope that he can become a leaderby work, in various kinds of work.At the end of three months the recruit itrequired to report to the officer, who thensizes him up, learns what he has done andwlittl ?seal he slmvv*;. He will then, if com?petent, l-ecelye his next and burder tusk inprint and perhaps be assigned to o riflerange Of to any drill hall lo begin a briefpractical lesson, und will In* directed toreturn ul a later dato.If flu' lliim is to be sel lo work, I he goveriiini'iii must work also, li has s National?unrd upon Its statute books ?I |?pp ent|lindel the defnnee net of IIIId, inilllng forn foice tu tn? created ??f nu ultimate itreiiglh"i .80,000 BOO for each Uungresi.Iri'pi'i' ?intu? Ivb. Some prop!" du not i-eeitlltin,i iiu-i when advocating military trainingof the youth of nineteen !?? twenty, whonumber about 1,000,000,The Cost IsImportantI?? what expenditure llio country will gola n serious quest ion which it? Involved Ineducation.There is not going lo be enthusiasticsupport for liirgi? disbursements for milltary training. Office?, equlpmont, maintenance, pay, tentage, transportation, oro nilheavy items for a force of many thousand.The educational work In colleges undschool? which ?t is proposed t<> expand bythe Reserve Officers' Training Corp? la ?reliable means for supplying the materialfor officers, Additional measure? must hetaken to give the educational opportunitylo all the youth of the country, in schoolor out. of school, so that tho creation ofofficers may be more democratic than se?lections from college bred men alone.demobilized, causing growing discontent.The cost of living is now becoming in?tolerable, and it is very pro?able thata sort of Bolshevik movement will occur,! finally bringing an economic explosion.; This explosion would bring in its train?! so inextricably are the interests inter?mixed?similar explosions in Italy amiI Englanei, where the rapid demobilizationj has brought about a situation almost asI difficult as in France. Out of whichj would come the triumph eif Germany.Yet this enormous eiangcr is avert'Llci if the Allies, as I insist, occupy Danzigand Poland, which, for the time beingis the key of the situation.I want to take up now situations towhich I call particular attention. Tin4peace conference is conducting its workI in a fashion, apparently, not accordingto the interests of the Allied peoples,since mistakes committed clearly haveallowed the rebirth of the German peril.Talks I have bail with a number of im?portant and well informed men give theconviction that a number of Ententepoliticians wish to inform their parlia?ments of the Deaee treaty only when itis a fait accompli. Yet it i< certain1 that a number of the Allied parliamentsI have the constitutional right and duty' to examine the peace treaty before it israt ?lied. This is well known, but in fact'< the treaty of peace will be presented toj these parliaments under such conditionsI and at times such as In oblige Hum t"of NancyThey -.u-. "Franc?*, oui, ir?s bonne, mais\.'?quo, "h, lout de mu?..! " m Englishthat, t.?, "France, v.--, very good, but Amoilea right aw ay ! "When there won't be an> more American: soldiers in Nancy we surely will miss them.| We are all used to them, we like to see andto meet them in our daily life, they are for1 us just as old friends and we shall be ver)' sorry when they leave us. Some say tin.-;.i will come over again, bringing their families1 with them, to show them the old country; they have fought for.These after-the-war American visitorswill ever receive a friendly hospitality' everywhere in France, and particularly inour old dear Nancy, where we have learnedin dark and hard days to know and to appre?ciate their qualities of soldiers as well astheir qualities of men of America.C-4*P"<tt\.lining foPhysical perfection is the basis of! militar;? success, and all universal militaryinstruction and training must Involve hy! giene and athletic work.If the National Guard is to be maintained,? the enrolled recruit should be taught wherehis opportunity to get practical military' training can be found ?nd, with the ?n-! ruction given to the enrolled youth, am?bition will bring enlistments, provided thesystem is made to reward those who be?come soldiers.This reward nee?! only be freedom fromexactions of military duty, which should becumulative upon those who fail to i"-t upontheir own Initiative, 'ilus rule prevails InSwltsertai d.We are al a point In history when theterms of pence suggestud may end unlvermiI conscription In time nf peace"/ManlyThought?"All nut '"" i m >? i.ml i ?, ..... ... ... mili in ni Piluca) Ion i"..i ni in. i inn In phyali'iil and h \ glenic I iiuw It-ilge, m 11 , nrganlal uni foi nit) ii'inil di fon ?. mid m . m i,training, ho whnl II may, as will givemanly thoughts, hj tin? proper undoistanding of the place Dial force hold i Inpronouncement i of s) it a and nal Ions.Ii may ho many years before (he knuwledge muy again he pul to uso which wasacquired by the oflleors who, with GeneralPerilling, ca? i led on Ihn -. 11, which thegeneral has reported i" tko Secretary "fWar under data of Novemboi 20, 1018, butwe shall continue to have a mllltarj ? labII:l.nt. "n army, a pooplo i""i which tomake an army; and .une foi m o! militaryInatructlon anil training lg a desideratumvV" inn} r." forward or backward, butreall) i hould make a beginning. -\ \ ternshould In- adopted which h ill build up theNational Guard, as the government has hogun its organization, Th? colleges ' tvehud th.. Student Arm) Training Corps, unduro now revising their curricula to embody some of the features of militaryknowledge, nnd in many Instances arocreating reservo offlcera' training corps.ratify it, even though it contain stipuletions manifestly contrary to their wfji- |It would be forcing the card.Can Help Ratify Treaty,But Can't Modify ItProof that this danger exists is seenin the discussion in the House of Corn.mons in London. February 13, when amember asked whether the treaty constituting the society of nations wouldhe submitted to Parliament befort itwas concluded. Mr. Bonar Law repitathat the treaty would he signed by thetit-legates intrusted with the power?adding:"As far as the British government i;concerned the treaty will not be ratifi?e*before it is submitted to Parliamenti which will have a chance to express itsopinion."Another member asked whether Papliament could then make modifications,and received this amazing answer from1 Mr. Bonar Law:"1 am surprised af the question. ]?seems to me altogether impossible thattwenty parliaments can discuss the de?tails of the treaty."This anawer is inadmissible, for thesociety of nations is not a detail. Realbenefil ot veritable disaster depend?upon whether it is well or ill made. Itstill seems clear that the interestedparliaments will be unable to oxerci"their power, and the fact will have tobear possibly serious consequence! inth<- decisions reached without their inti'iTent mu. Moreover, these declsionini?- made by a great number who are net, i?-, (.'?i by the people end whose cea.potence In International question?! i?doubtful. Nevertheless, it is the p?rluniti'iii'i i imi pin o th. aiIh ?i govern1 iiiiiiii? the men and money necessaryU[ conduct ill?' war, and d Is Intolerable Ithat they be treated a? negligible qua?. !i il un in a forced ratillcation involvingthem m serious responsibilities,Parliaments Shall LxerciseTheir Right of ControlI*. seems to me indispensable thai theAllied parliaments shall exercise theright of control. I learn that the com?mittee on foreign affairs of the FrenchChamber of Deputies has not receivedoven a confidential communication re?garding the peace conference discussions. Yet this committee understandswell the Polish question, which has longbeen studied, and might have protestedefficaciously the errors of the peace con?ference.During the conference the parliament!must be kept informed, which is anecessity, particularly for the Ameri?cans, since constitutionally the I'niteiStales Senate has the right and duty toparticipate in the making of the treatyof peace. Can the American people runthe risk of the Senate receiving a treatywhich it does not desire to confirm, butwhich under the circumstances it ismorally constrained to ratify?There are simple means of a-oidingthe ?langer thus menacing the variousAllied parliaments. Why should notthese parliaments send to Paris delega?tions from their foreign affairs commit?tees, or maintain close touch with theirexecutives and representatives? Thiswould insure that the treaty would con?tain only clauses likely to be ratified bythe parliaments, and would safeguardthe rights of the parliaments, which isan absolutely necessity.r HimThe beginning of any system is an en?rolment; ihe development thereafter wi?be the fruit of wise judgments regardingmilitary activities and money expenditureQ correct military policy which r?cognitifuniversal obi ?Ration and carefully appli?method.-? comprising progressive asre-icie*The NationalGuardII Is well known to the studrnts thatthe term "National Guard" means some*thing different to ??i'fercnt people. Th?term "National Uuard" was adopted I*1824 by the 7th Regimen! ol Ne? ? "rk M(he OCCHSIon Of the visit of ?.etirrsl U*t'.ivi'ite to the United Btates. in i?4* tit?i-tufo of New \i?ri< adopted the term fo'It organ lied militia; thereeftei the t***oame lo be taken ?n> nod used In IMO p?the Federal government, ?ml II ref*rr*?in slate (mop? lu June, IMA, ?vi??n "?"idefence se! was passed, the Mord?an ?*?'*'which hod held (?ungres*. foi ovei ??ne hM"il,?-,i \?'iii ' was though! i" be cut s? f'*'?I ? ,?i? ' ?'m ?. ??i? . deelarei '?"-?i .?il,'? i ??? shall pi "-. ni?* for t hi ni ian.I ?l.Ipllnlng ?if the militia, renervlnf >*?tiie nisten the appointment of the "ftl****1ami the training of the men, nod 'h'". "Hinted, had been ? stumbling block f"r o"-'hundred ??'?!???, nod was thought tu ?**?i i?\ providing thai undei the p"*''of Congreei to create armioi ? "NetleS*Guard" should !?? created n*- ?> psrt ol ??"army of defence entirely under Federal ?**?*'?r,,l (,. the site "f the foree hereinbet?"*1mentioned 420,000 men. All (he remii"Ing portion *>i th<* militia of the Unit?*filotes, between eighteen ami forty-a**was thus I.Cl undisposed of. and th*?h. ni1 the subject of such direction eMwise inilltavj policy shall prescribe- ???',,the lual use of the words "National liu?**must bo understood t.. mean that port*?"of the minia which, under the def?***i ct, i ? ? brolle?) aa a part of the armythe United States for its defence, and *"thing like state troops is supposed, by tWact, to be limited to constabulary or r*forces.