9. India

(101 words)

In the nineteenth century, Islam in India was constantly forced into competition with Christianity and local religions while continuing to receive new impulses by continuing contacts with Mecca. As such, the Indian printing houses came to play a significant role in the dissemination of older works, especially collections of ḥadīth. Here, too, |⁶⁵⁴ theology was at the centre of literary activity. See Suppl.