Sunday, October 16, 2016

OCT 16, 2016 LENR INFO, REJECTING EUPHEMISMS

MOTTODAILY NOTESEuphemizing or circumscribing does not help problem solving.Peter, perhaps we should stop using the term "lack of reproducibility" to describe LENR. Perhaps we should instead say that LENR is difficult to initiate. In like manner, living more than 50 years at one time was difficult to accomplish, flying across the Atlantic was difficult, and seeing what was on the surface of Mars was hard to do. Many things that were difficult in the past are now easy. Why is this? Obviously, these difficult tasks became easy as we understood how the process needed to accomplished the tasks worked. I predict some day LENR will be so easy to initiate, the power will be used to extract CO2 from the atmosphere to make convenient liquid fuel on earth and it will be used to power space colonies on the moons of the planets. We only need to survive as a civilization long enough of this to happen, which is presently uncertain. The crazies are once again gaining control causing the future to be less certain and not reproducible. Consequently, LENR is not our only problem.

My answer to this.I really don't think that euphemization or circumscribing does not help much in problem solving- the car that does not start each time has no "engine lazyness" it must be fixed or you have to buy a new one. And lack of reproducibility is a sad old reality more harmful for Cold fusion than we generally admit. It is not a disphemism (you know, the antonym of euphemism) it is in a way inherent to wet LENR systems(personal opinion and I will not use the euphemism unpopular" for it.I fully agree with Ed's prediction that one day LENR will be very easy to initiate and I bet- my 1974 Romanian Academy's Technology Prize vs two frozen onions (Romanian expression) that the glorious LENR system will be dry, gas phase working at high temperatures. And then the merit of Andrea Rossi who has enabled, extended, enlarged, enhanced, energized the LENR field much beyond the cradle cell- will be universally recognized.

The study of BEC formation began about 2 decades ago and over that time has grown into a major specialty in the study of physics and quantum mechanics. One of the major rules that applies all the time is that since a BEC is a matter wave, that matter that forms the wave must be pure. Any matter that interposes on that pure collection of matter from which the BEC will form is a poison to LENR.

Protium, the most abundant isotope of hydrogen is poisoned by deuterium and a mixture of protium and deuterium will not condense into a BEC. The gas that forms metalized hydrogen must not be poisoned by any other gases such as air, oxygen, nitrogen, water or deuterium.

Bosons are required.

With some exceptions, the matter that produces the Bose condensate must be composed of bosons.

Not all atoms can form Bose-Einstein condensates -- "only those that contain even numbers of neutrons plus protons plus electrons," says Ketterle. Ketterle made his BECs from sodium atoms. If you add the number of neutrons, protons and electrons in an ordinary sodium atom, the answer is 34 -- an even number suitable for Bose-Einstein condensation. Atoms or isotopes of atoms with odd sums can't form BECs. Strange, but true.

This rule is mostly true but there are exceptions that are important in LENR that we will get into below. As an example, hydrogen is a boson composed of a proton(spin ½) and an electron(spin ½). A BEC of hydrogen will not form from the H2 molecule or from ionized hydrogen. A BEC will form from water where oxygen 16 is a boson and hydrogen is a boson. Mixtures of heavy water and light water will not work nor will water formed from any oxygen 17 or oxygen 18 contamination.2 of 2

The strange case of deuterium and Lithium 7… attractive atoms.

Deuterium will form a Bose condensate as witness by many LENR experiments. But BEC science has not recognized that deuterium BECs are possible, so what is going on.

"Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) has been observed in magnetically trapped atomic gases of 87Rb, 7Li, and 23Na. Although the condensates are till very dilute gases, the interactions between atoms have been seen to play a significant role in determining their physical properties. For 87Rb and 23Na atoms, the interactions are effectively repulsive, which causes the volume of the condensates to increase and modifies their excitation spectra. In contrast, the interactions between 7Li atoms are effectively attractive, and are thought to prevent BEC from occurring at all in a homogeneous gas. As recently as 1994, attractive interactions were predicted to preclude BEC in a trap as well, but it is now understood that this is not the case, and that BEC can occur with a limited number of atoms in the condensate. For 7Li in our trap, the predicted limit is about 1400 atoms."

So like Lithium 7, deuterium must be atomically attractive and able to form BECs. But in hydrogen plasma, prodium will not form a BEC but deuterium will because it will ionize making the deuterium ion a boson.

But is deuterium really atomically attractive?

The assumption that deuterium is producing the LENR effect in many electrolytic LENR experiments might not be true. Could deuterium's role in the LENR reaction just be a fantasy born out of the dream that hot fusion is producing He4. The active LENR agent in these experiments could be metallized water as claimed by LeClair. Does the LENR reaction take hold in non-ionizing LENR experiments with deuterium where water is not present?LENR IN CONTEXT-1From Jack Cole