The commander of the United States steamer
South Carolina dropped at Timballer Lighthouse, on his way to blockade
Galveston, a very comprehensive notice of Mr. Lincoln's blockade. In
most instances, thus far, the commanders of blockading vessels have give
notice, more or less regular, at each port, of the commencement of the
blockade at that port. Captain Alden leaves a written notice off Grand
Pass that "the whole of the Southern coast of the United States, between
the Chesapeake Bay and Rio Bravo del Norte, (Key West excepted,) is in a
state of blockade."

If this be not a paper blockade merely,
there never was one in the days of the ancient conflict between France
and Great Britain, in which each knowingly violated the laws of nations
and rules of war, on the plea of the imperious necessity of self-defence
and retaliation. There are not ships enough in the whole navy of the
United States to execute this blockade in a way to make it legally
effective. There are enough of them to suppress the bulk of the commerce
of the South--the belligerent enemy of the United States--and
occasionally capture a vessel of ours straying homeward from Europe, or
venturing out of port in the daring hope of escaping the hostile
cruisers. But these are the effects of war between avowed enemies.
Blockade and the rules of blockade, whether effective or non effective,
make a question between neutral nations and the blockading power. The
United States and the Confederate States are at war, and may and do
seize each other's ships, public or private, wherever they may be found,
without proclamation or notice. It is the right of a belligerent to
capture his enemy's property wherever he can find it not within a
neutral jurisdiction. . . .

In the present condition of the Southern
ports, the inquiries about the rights and rules of blockade have nothing
to do with the proper commerce of the South. . . . Blockade is, for us,
simply war and its consequences. But it is a very serious question for
France, England, Spain and all other Governments which desire, and are
accustomed, and have great necessities to have free commerce with us, to
require that the rules which limit and define the belligerent rights of
blockade for the protection of neutrals shall not be disregarded or
unfairly construed.

This question the Federal Government is
raising for them by this paper decree of exclusion from the ports along
three thousand miles of seacoast. The Southern States have no means of
precipitating that issue, by any acts of their own. They can claim
belligerent rights only; they must leave to neutral Europe the decision
of the question how far and how long it will permit great interests of
its own to be the sport of the unwarranted exercise of a belligerent
right by our enemies, which, directed against us, strikes deadly and
incessant blows against its own commerce, and revenues, and internal
order.

We need not hurry ourselves, or waste
complaints, or lower our dignity in importunity to these powers to
interpose, in order to take care of themselves. In the course of time
such interference must come, and in the meantime we may act, and we
should act, as a people who are determined to take care of ourselves
without them, and who will not expect to receive from them anything from
special favor. Standing on the strength of our position and the
righteousness of our cause, we shall ask from foreign governments only
exact justice, and we shall expect only such demonstrations on their
part against our enemies as the laws of nations will require from them,
and their own interests will accelerate them in making.

-----

A Daring Exploit of Texans--"L.W.L,"
writing to the CharlestonMercury from Fairfax Courthouse,
June 29, reports the following incident:

There is still something now and then to
give the spice of variety to life. Yesterday Messrs. Thomas Lubbock and
Col. Terry, of Texas, who had come on to negotiate for the acceptance of
a company of Texas Rangers, to keep their hands in, got up a party and
started on a scout. They penetrated to within four or five miles of
Alexandria; passed between the sentries and their pickets; turned upon
the sentries; shot two, wounding them at least; and took two prisoners,
whom they brought to camp, to the great relief of friends
who saw them start, and who were conscious of the perilous adventure
upon which they started. Col. Terry's horse took the bit between his
teeth and carried his rider at full speed into the picket guard of the
enemy, but they broke at his approach, and soon after, bringing his
horse to his senses with the butt end of his pistol, he rejoined his
friends in safety. Capt. Lubbock is brother to the present candidate for
Governor in Texas, and Col. Terry is brother of the Judge Terry who
killed Broderick in California.

THE RICH MOUNTAIN FIGHTEIGHT HUNDRED MEN DISLODGED BY FIVE
THOUSAND INVADERS
SOUTHERN LOSS, SEVENTY KILLEDLoss of the federals, Forty
Killed and Wounded

Louisville, July 13--The fight at
Rich Mountain, the occurrence of which has been previously reported,
comes to us t-day in a different tone.

The latest dispatch regarding the affair
states that the Southerners were eight hundred strong, and had two
cannon. Their loss is put down at seventy-five killed, and about as many
wounded. The loss to the Federalists amounted to eleven killed, and
wounded to thirty-five.

The above is approved by Gen. McClellan,
but his own dispatch to Washington reports twenty killed and forty
wounded.

Apparently, the invaders had made plans
for a certain victory, and sent bulletins before the fight, but a
courier lost his way.

Gen. McClellan waited all day for signals,
which he did not get, and the enterprise resulted in the dislodgement of
eight hundred men by five invading regiments.

-----

The French Darien Expedition--We
have already mentioned that the French exploring expedition on the
Isthmus of Darien has returned to France, being unable to effect its
objects, owing to the heavy rains. The Panama Star, of the 24th
ultimo, says:

The expedition got as far as the river
Chuquínaca, after having gone nineteen miles up the Sabana and nine up
the Lara, during which time they had to overcome a great many
difficulties, and put up with a good deal of hardship.

They met with no elevation more than forty
metres above the level of the sea.

We understand they communicated with the
Indians, who have expressed their willingness to allow the expedition to
prosecute their journey unmolested.

The party intend returning to France at
once, and coming out again in December, so as to follow up their plans
in the dry season of 1862.

A LADY'S REBUKE OF LADIES

Mr. Editor--Did you ever
congratulate yourself, after a weary day, as you sat with tired feet in
a comfortable car, chatting to a gentleman friend, that there were such
alleviations as seats upon which one could be conveyed, instead of
walking home?

And were you ever roused from your
delusive dream by the entrance of one or two ladies, to whom your repose
was a claim by right, without even a "Thank you" for it?

If so, let me assure you that you have the
sympathy of at least six ladies in the city. Of course any gentleman
would prefer to relinquish his place to a lady, and it is expected that
nurses with babies must drive him forth; but there might be the
slightest possible recognition of the favor for civility's sake. It
softens the sharpness of a sacrifice somewhat to know it is appreciated.
A few days since, while riding in one of our easy cars, two females
entered, and having routed out two gentlemen, very calmly "enlarged
their borders" on either side with a contemptuous look toward their
victims, two noble men, as if to say, "What business had you there in
the first place?"

The females were handsome, and tastefully
dressed. They had bright eyes, pearly teeth, and pearl powder
expression, but the omission of an acknowledgement for a courtesy
conferred, proved that they were not "to the manner born." Therefore, we
could not admit them as ladies.

Helen Beverley

-----

Explosion of a Shell at Baton Rouge
Arsenal--The Baton Rouge Advocate, of the 11th instant, says:

Yesterday morning an accidental explosion
of a six pound shell took place at the Arsenal, which resulted in the
injury of three of the workmen, Mr. John Flannery, Mr. Rheams and Mr.
Holland. They were cleaning out some old shells to be refilled we
suppose. The shells are first filled with hot rosin and bullets, the
center is then bored out and filled with powder sufficient to burst it,
when it is plugged up. To clean them out, they first knock the powder
out, and then insert a hot iron to melt the rosin, when the contents
fall out. It was while engaged in this that the explosion took place.
The shell bursted with great force, scattering its contents in every
direction. We do not think that either of the workmen are dangerously,
though severely injured.

MONDAYJULY 15, 1861THE BOSTON DAILY ADVERTISER

THE SPRINGFIELD ARMORYWHAT IT IS DOING AND CAN DO

Springfield Republican, July 12--The
destruction of the Harper's Ferry armory leaves the government only the
Springfield establishment; but this--always the chief reliance and the
model workshop--is now producing a greater number of rifle muskets per
month than both armories ever did before. When Mr. Dwight, the new
superintendent, assumed charge here in April, the manufacture was only
800 per month. Already he has increased its number to 3500, and in less
than three months will turn out five thousand per month. Never before
was its production over 2500 a month. This great and rapid increase has
been gained by filling all the shops with additional machinery and men,
and by working some parts of the establishment 24 hours a day, and
others from 14 to 18--yet while the production has more than quadrupled,
the number of workmen is but little more than doubled, or advanced from
nearly 300 to 650, the present number. This is the result of the men
working extra hours, and the advantage which a duplication of machinery
and continuous employment of it alike give. The large old arsenal on th
south or State street side of the armory grounds, becoming vacant by the
removal of the muskets, is being fitted up for a workshop, and will soon
be occupied by those branches that do not require machinery, giving room
in the other shops for the additional machines now being prepared for
the continued enlargement of the production.

In 1851-52, when the Springfield armory
produced about 25,000 muskets of the old model per year, the cost was $9
each. This covered every expense, salaries of officers, care of
grounds, &c.--everything but interest on original investment. Since then
the new and more expensive rifle model has been introduced, and the
production decreased to less than 10,000 a year upon which the same
general expense had to be divided, and the cost has been from $12 to $14
per arm. But the present increase in production, with the dropping of
the Maynard primer as a drawback to the usefulness of the musket, has
carried down the cost, and the arm is now produced, in its highest
perfection, for about $10. It is believed that 75,000 to 100,000
muskets of the present model could be produced here yearly, by an
enlargement and simplification of the shops, at a cost of between $8 and
$9 each!

Contrast these facts with the cost of the
small arms at other establishments, and we shall see how greatly
the U.S. government has reason to congratulate itself upon the
economy of one branch at least of its public service, and how justly teh
Springfield armory may claim the respect and favor of Congress. The
price of the small revolving pistol and of shot guns average $30. The
cot to the English government of its rile musket, of which it makes
100,000 a year at a single establishment, ranges from $13 to $15. This
estimate is made up in the same way that the cost is computed at the
Springfield armory, counting in all expenses for officers, &c., bu
excluding interest on buildings, machinery and lands. The State of
Massachusetts is paying $20 apiece for the English rifle muskets, which
it is now importing to arm the new regiments. Yet this is an inferior
arm in style and workmanship to that produced at the Springfield armory;
and though modeled upon the Enfield or English government rifle, is not
made at the government establishment, but by private armories. Probably
the private contracts which the war department has made for rifle
muskets is at the rate of over $16 each, and is more likely to be nearer
the price paid for the English imported rifles.

REBEL IRON-CLAD VESSELS

A gentleman from New Orleans reports that
the rebels had taken a powerful tug-boat, covered her with rail-road
iron, and put her machinery below the water line. They had also built a
new boat completely of iron, very sharp, with a sharp point below the
water line, and intended to run down United States vessels. She was to
be commanded by Captain Seward Porter, formerly of Portland, Me.

EARTHQUAKE AT SYRACUSE

The Syracuse Standard of Friday
says:

"We learn from various sources that a very
sensible shock of an earthquake was felt in this city and other parts of
the county last evening., about 9 o'clock. The weather yesterday very
suddenly became quite cold and chilly, and the extraordinary change from
the intense heat of the previous days occasioned considerable remark,
but whether the change in the weather occasioned the earthquake we
cannot say. The shock was about four seconds in duration, and was so
severe as to cause dwelling houses to rock, and in some cases furniture
was removed and persons sitting in chairs were waved to and fro, and
many persons supposed some of the fixtures of their dwellings had fallen
upon the floors. A gentleman from the north part of the town of
Salma informs us that the shock was sensibly felt in that section, and
farmers ran out of doors supposing that their barns or outhouses had
fallen."

EXPLOITS OF THE BLOCKADING SQUADRON

Key West, July 8, 1861--The Mexican
schooner Brilliant, in charge of Lieut. Sawyer, and a prize crew
from the steam gunboat Massachusetts, arrived in the harbor the
morning of the 6th. We learn from Lieut. Sawyer, that on the morning o
the 23d, Ultimo, the Massachusetts steamed past Ship Island, to
cut of a secession steamer standing close in shore, but not daring to
venture nearer the shore than six miles on account of shoal water,
she came to anchor in three fathoms of water. As the secession vessel
could now pass beyond the reach of the Massachusetts' guns, it
became necessary to cut her off with the boats, if possible.
Accordingly, at 10 A.M., Lieutenant Sawyer, in command of four boats and
forty-six men, armed with a boat howitzer and small arms, cutlasses,
&c., started in shore in pursuit, to cut off the enemy. The steamer
proved too swift in her movements, and escaped by running into Biloxi.
Lieut. Sawyer soon fell in with the Mexican schooner Brilliant,
loaded with flour from New Orleans, and bound to Campeachy, and easily
captured her and sent her off to the Massachusetts. A large
secession schooner was then chased and fired upon, but her legs were
faster than the boats, and she followed the steamer into the harbor of
Biloxi.

The mail steamer Oregon at this
juncture made her appearance, and was fired upon by the Massachusetts,
whose shells falling short, were disregarded, and she proceeded saucily
on with her secession flag at the fore and the American at the main,
Union down. Running near the boats, a shot from the howitzer turned her
back, and she steamed off towards the Lakes, and soon disappeared. A
high pressure steamer now made her appearance, emerging from Shildeberg
Bay, and made a dash to cut off the boats from the Massachusetts, but
failing in this and venturing too near the shells of the gunboat, she
hurried back to the westward.

The boats then captured four schooners in
succession, and without difficulty anchored them safely alongside of the
ship, and finished the day's work at sunset.

The schooners taken were--the Brilliant,
with a cargo of flour; the Fanny, with railroad iron; the
ThreeBrothers, loaded with brick; OliveBranch,
cargo of turpentine; and Biloste, with a full cargo of salt and
oats. The vessels were taken to Pass La Outre, from whence they will be
taken to Key West.

-----

A knotty question has just been decided by
military lawyers. Several volunteer cavalry men having lost their horses
in the field, one or two colonels thought there was nothing to be done
but to mount the men anew on horses from the government stables. They
were wrong. According to the original regulation, every volunteer
regiment of cavalry was formerly required not only to provide their own
horses, but keep the stables always supplied. A regiment of 1000 mounted
men should have 1400 horses for the saddle.

TUESDAYJULY 16, 1861THE
SPRINGFIELD REPUBLICAN

THE REBEL SOLDIERS NOT RELIABLE

The readiness of Col. Pegram and his
regiment of six hundred men to surrender to Gen. McClellan, and their
protestations of penitence for taking up arms against the United States,
are highly significant indications. And there are daily evidences, on a
smaller scale, of the fact that a large number of men in the rebel ranks
need but the opportunity to throw down their weapons ad return to their
duty as loyal citizens. And why should it not be so? Abundant evidence
shows that thousands have been pressed into the rebel ranks, and remain
there only because they have yet had no opportunity to escape with
safety. And a majority of all those who are heartily in the business are
under a hallucination that defeat will certainly dispel. W. H. Wilson, a
printer, who has just escaped from the rebel army at Fairfax, into which
he had been impressed, says that there are many northern men in the
ranks there who in case of a conflict will never fire upon northern men.
With such elements in its composition, it is not strange that the rebel
forces retreat easily and surrender penitently. There is a statement by
one of the Washington correspondents, given as upon the authority of a
cabinet officer, that an officer of the rebel army in western Virginia
has arrived in Washington, with a proposition that the majority of the
forces there now under the rebel flag will run up the flag of the United
States in its place, and avow their allegiance to the federal
government, saying that the majority of them are loyal at heart, are
serving the rebel cause very unwillingly, and are anxious to place
themselves under the flag of their country. This news is hardly
credible, and yet we are prepared to see such a movement become general
in the rebel ranks after a few more stunning and disheartening defeats,
such as are now occurring on the western slope of the Cumberland
mountains.

In the same view we attach much importance
to the fact that Virginia has not yet furnished her quota to the rebel
army, that the more southern regiments grumble about this, as well as
about the general indifference and cowardice of the Virginians, and to
appease their clamor, Gov. Letcher has issued a requisition on the eight
north-eastern counties for a thousand more men, armed and equipped ,
giving them only two days notice, after which if the number is not
forthcoming they are to be drafted. The men remaining in these counties
are mostly Union men, and are flying to Washington and into Maryland to
avoid being drafted into the rebel ranks. A general draft in Virginia
now would cause a stampede of all who could get out of the state, and
those forced into the rebel ranks will only go in to retreat and
surrender, but not to fight to any damaging extent. And this is not only
true of Virginians in the rebel ranks, but of many from the extreme
South, as is daily attested by deserting North Carolinians and
Alabamians.

MISCELLANEOUS WAR NEWS

According to the Richmond Examiner, the
letter from Jeff Davis to the president, brought in under a flag of
truce, contained a threat of retaliation in case any of his pirates
should be hung, and a general dissertation on the subject of
privateering.

STEPHENS BEGGING COTTON AND SUGAR

Vice President Stephens, of the southern
confederacy, is succeeding very well in his special mission of begging
cotton and sugar for the rebel treasury. The planters are made to
believe that it is a fair business transaction, and that the confederate
bonds taken in payment for their staples will at some future date be
worth something. The Baton Rouge (La.) Sugar Planter has quite a
list of contributions from 100 hogsheads of sugar and 200 barrels of
molasses each up to twice that amount, and the animated scene at the
taking of subscriptions is thus described: "As name after name was
called out, the cry was 'Put me down for half my crop;' 'Put me down for
my whole crop;' and another, 'Say fifty bales for me;' 'Write one
hundred bales after my name;' 'I'll give one hundred and
twenty-five bales;' 'I'll give twenty five bales, and would give fifty
bales, but I owe some money.' 'Right,' says Mr. S., 'pay your debts; but
if you can pay what you owe in bonds, sell your cotton for the bonds,
and pay your debts with them.' 'I'll try it,' responds he, glad of the
chance opened for increasing his loan, and so it went on, until Mr. S.
requested the secretary to cease adding tot he list, as the committee
desired to do a little themselves in the matter. The meeting then
adjourned. Upon looking over the list as taken down, the following we
found to be the result: Three whole crops (two of them are said to be
pretty large ones), 33 half crops, 4 one-third crops, 3 one-fourth
crops, and 822 bales in quantities from 5 bales to 125. Upon an
examination of the list, and making some calculations of what the crop
part would probably amount to, we summed up the whole something above
2500 bales of cotton made up in half an hour."

APPEAL FROM A RUNAWAY OFFICIAL

Lieut. Gov. Thomas C. Reynolds of
Missouri, having fled to Nashville, Tenn., and feeling at a safe
distance from loyal muskets, sends back a letter to his associate
rebels, exhorting them to stand up to the rack and have patience. In
case Gov. Jackson should be captured, he says, he is willing to
undertake any constitutional duty that such an event will bring upon
him. Meanwhile he is exerting himself to promote an interest in the
cause of Missouri; he assures the rebels of that state that they have
the sympathy of the confederates and the admission of Missouri to the
confederacy is only a question of time. He concludes: "Be not impatient
of delay. Success in war depends greatly on a proper combination of
preparation, precaution, and daring; on blows surely given at the right
time and place. You have this inestimable advantage; if the hopes given
you, by me now or by others, of effective aid, should incite the enemy
to increase his forces in Missouri, he but weakens himself elsewhere and
hastens in Virginia his own defeat, which is your victory; if he remains
inactive, he but shortens the time of your captivity. Be of good cheer;
be but true to yourselves, invoking the aid of the Almighty, who has so
visibly favored the southern cause, and sooner or later, the deliverance
will surely come."

WEDNESDAYJULY 17, 1861THE NEW HAMPSHIRE PATRIOT

THE WAR

During the last week there has been some
pretty severe fighting between the Government forces and the rebels in
Missouri and Virginia, in which the former have been successful. In
Northern Missouri, at Monroe station on the Hannibal and St. Joseph
Railroad, about 30 miles west of Hannibal, Col. Smith of Illinois with
about 600 men, was attacked by 1600 rebels under Gen. Harris. The latter
were repulsed with the loss of four killed, several wounded and five
prisoners. They retreated, and another skirmish ensued, in which they
were again defeated. Col. Smith was afterwards surrounded at Monroe by a
large force, estimated at 2600, but receiving a reinforcement of 300
mounted men, he attacked and defeated them, killing twenty or thirty and
taking seventy-five prisoners, one cannon and a large number of horses.
Several of the Government soldiers were wounded, but none killed.

-----

PORTSMOUTH NAVY YARD

Business, it is said, was never before so
good in all its departments. The U.S. frigate Sabine arrived on the 3d
instant, and $120,000 was required to pay off her crew. Orders have been
received to build a number of pivot-gun carriages, which will cost over
$3,000 each.

-----

MILLS STOPPED

The Mills of the Great Falls Manufacturing
Company stopped a week ago or more, and will not start again until
October. The Mills in Nashua have also stopped work for the present. The
Print Works in Dover have suspended, and all the cotton mills there are
soon to stop. The Portsmouth Steam Factory has also stopped.

VIRGINIA

The new Government of Virginia,
inaugurated by the Union men at Wheeling, is fully organized. It has
been recognized as the State Government by the United States
authorities, and is extending its authority over the Western portion of
that State. On the 9th instant, John S. Carlisle (a member of the House)
was elected United States Senator in place of Hunter, and W. T. Willey
in place of Mason. They have been admitted to seats in the Senate.

-----

The Connecticut Legislature last year
passed a vote, by a large majority, allowing Negroes to vote, but as it
had to go to the people this year it was reversed by a vote of 44 yeas
to 130 nays.

-----

On Tuesday of last week, at Cambridge,
Mass., the wife of Prof. H. W. Longfellow was engaged in making wax
seals in the library, for the amusement of her two youngest children,
when her dress caught fire from a match with which she was melting the
wax. She had on a light summer dress, which was all in flames in a
moment. Mr. Longfellow, who was in his study, near by, ran to her
assistance, and succeeded in extinguishing the flames, with considerable
injury to himself, but too late to save the life of his wife. She was
injured so that she died the next day. She was the daughter of Hon.
Nathan Appleton, and leaves five children.

-----

In a recent engagement at the Cape of Good
Hope, between the English troops and some of the native insurgents,
80,000 shots were expended in killing 25 men.

WELL PUT

It is a great mistake, says the Journal
of Commerce, to suppose a bloodhound is a courageous dog. The men
who have plunged us into this war, who have hallooed on the people, are
men that have wisely stayed home. And a part of their plan to cover up
their own want of courage, is to keep up the cry of war. The rebels in
the South who planned the dissolution of the Union, who advocated it in
Congress and in newspapers and on the stump, are the men who have taken
the field, while the Northern editors and Congressmen and Senators who
opposed compromise, who let us drift into this war, nay who dragged us
into it, are at home making contracts to supply army stores, and
shouting "traitor" at every man who ventures to remind them of the evil
they have brought on the country, or suggest a remedy for it.

ONE DOLLAR EACH FOR THE SOLDIERS
AND A MILLION FOR THE PLUNDERERS

Our Legislature appropriated ONE MILLION
AND FIFTY THOUSAND DOLLARS for the war. To what specific purposes it is
to be applied, we have no definite information. But from what has
already been done in the way of expending money, we infer that but a
small portion of it is to go for the benefit of the soldiers who
volunteer to fight in defence of the Constitution and the Union. Other
States have made liberal provision for the families of their soldiers,
and have given the soldiers themselves a liberal bounty--some $30 a
year, and others $10 a month--in addition to their regular pay. But our
Legislature has done nothing of the kind, for the reason, probably, that
they prefer to provide for the "soldiers of fortune" who hover about the
treasury, and through contracts and "agencies" contrive to "absorb" the
lion's share of the money nominally expended for the war.

As a specimen of the treatment received by
the soldiers at the hands of our Government, we copy the following from
the Dover Gazette's account of the departure of our Second
Regiment:

Before closing, we wish to say a word in
regard to the niggardly manner in which, we are informed, this regiment
was treated by our State authorities. They were entitled to two months'
pay, within a very few days, amounting to $22 for each man. This amount
they had been expecting to receive before leaving for Washington. It had
been promised them, as we are told, and the families of very many of the
men were actually suffering at home for the necessitates of life, and
were depending upon the small remittances from their fathers and
husbands before starting for Washington. But what was done? Gov. Berry,
with his Council, go to Portsmouth, and do they pay these soldiers the
amounts due them? Yes, within twenty-one dollars apiece! In other words,
they cause to be paid to these poor volunteers the sum of one dollar
apiece, and that is all. What reason does Gov. Berry give for not
paying them more? We have it from authority that we cannot question,
that he replied, in substance, that "it would do them no good as they
are going off, and they might spend it foolishly for rum or something
bad."

That is the way the Governor of New
Hampshire pays the soldiers who have gone to fight the war which just
such men as himself have brought upon this country.

One reason why the soldiers of the Second
Regiment were not paid before they left, was that by not paying them
here there would be an excuse for sending "agents" to Washington to do
it--thus rewarding partisan services at the expense of the "war fund."
Accordingly we find that, a few days after the Regiment left, two or
three "agents" went on to pay them! How this was done, and how
much regard for the soldiers' rights has been exhibited in the business,
we prefer to let others tell.

THURSDAYJULY 18, 1861THE VERMONT
PHOENIX

THE WAR

The news this week from the seat of war has
been of the most cheering character. The victories gained by Gen. McClellan
in Western Virginia have cleared that section of the State from the nests of
rebels that have s long infested it, and have opened his way to join the
federal forces in Eastern Virginia. The battle fought at Carthage, Mo.,
between Col. Siegel and the rebels resulted in a retreat of the federal
forces which in itself was a victory. From 6000 to 8000 rebels were engaged
by only 1500 of our troops and while our loss was trifling the rebels
confess to losing 700 men. These battles show the great superiority of
regularly educated officers, and they go far to redeem the blunders at Great
Bethel and Vienna.

WHO IS COL. SIEGEL?

Col. Siegel, who is distinguishing himself in
Missouri, is a native of Baden, Germany, and is about 37 years old. He
graduated at the military school of Karlsruhe, and entered the regular army
of Baden and was advanced to the post of chief adjutant in 1847. His
sympathies with the first revolution in southern Germany lost him his
commission. He was appointed general-in-chief in the beginning of the second
revolution, May, 1848, and led the forlorn hope of the liberal party with
great energy and zeal. He came to America in 1850, was a Professor in Dr.
Dulon's academy, New York, and married Mr.. Dulon's daughter. He received a
call to a professorship in St. Louis, where he soon became distinguished by
his great military talents.

BOLD CAPTURE BY THE PIRATE "JEFF DAVIS"

The brig John Welch, from Trinidad for
Falmouth, England, with a cargo of sugar, was captured on the 6th by the
privateer Jeff Davis, off Hatteras. Capt. Enfield and the crew of the
brig were sent north, and have arrived at Newport, R.I. The brig was owned
in Maine. The same rebel privateer also captured the schooner J. C.
Warner, of New York, and a brig unknown, 100 miles S.E. from Nantucket
South Shoal. The schooner Enchantress, from Boston for St. Jago, was
captured on the 8th by the Jeff Davis and sent to some southern port.

-----

Uncle Sam's credit is good on Wall street. On
the morning of the 9th instant, Mr. Cisco, Sub-Treasurer of New York,
received a telegraphic dispatch from the Secretary of the Treasury
authorizing him to borrow five million dollars on Treasury Notes, having
sixty days to run, and bearing six per cent. interest. By three o'clock the
entire amount was subscribed, and three million five hundred and eighty six
thousand dollars were paid.

THE PIRATE SUMTER BAFFLED
ALL HER CAPTURED VESSELS RELEASED

A mercantile firm in Boston has received a
letter, dated Cienfuegos, 7th instant, which states that all the prizes
brought into that port by the privateer Sumter had been released and put in
possession of their officers, and that they would all resume their voyages
the following day. The Sumter did not remain in port but a few hours. When
she arrived her captain communicated with the governor of the fort, and
inquired of that functionary if the captured vessels could be held as lawful
prizes. He was informed that they could not be held as prizes in Spanish
ports, and they were all accordingly released.

It is said that they were all captured within
three nautical miles of Cuba, or in Spanish waters.

Secretary Seward has made a reclamation on the
Spanish government for the surrender of American vessels carried into
Cienfuegos by the pirate steamer Sumter. No doubt is entertained of their
immediate release with their cargoes and of the prohibition of the entrance
of rebel craft into West Indian ports.

A DANGEROUS SPY CAUGHT

A late clerk in the navy department, named
Taliaferro, a Virginian and son-in-law of the traitor Senator Mason, left
Washington by land on Thursday afternoon, for Port Tobacco, Md. Capt.
Darling, of the capital police, discovering the fact, charged him with being
a spy of Jeff. Davis. He obtained the aid of James Gay, an expert detective,
who immediately went in pursuit, and arrived at Port Tobacco Thursday night.
He found Taliaferro, arrested and brought him back to Washington as a
prisoner Friday afternoon. A large bundle of letters addressed to prominent
secessionists in the South was found on him, also plans of the location of
our camps in and around Washington.

-----

Next year is the thousandth anniversary of the
foundation of the Russian empire; and they intend to celebrate the occasion
with one of their grand national religious festivals. The spectacle at St.
Petersburg and Moscow will probably be very magnificent; and the recent
manumission of the serfs will give it peculiar significance.

-----

Intelligence arrives from Connecticut that a
couple was lately married at the Wooster House in Danbury, and stopped there
until the next day. The unhappy twain sat up all night in the parlor, on
account of the modesty of the bashful bridegroom. Cause for divorce.

FRIDAYJULY 19, 1861THE
BOSTON DAILY ADVERTISER

THE ADVANCE TOWARD RICHMONDPROGRESS OF THE ARMY

CENTREVILLE OCCUPIED WITHOUT RESISTANCE

Sangster's Station, On the line of the
Orange and Alexandria R.R., 18 miles from Alexandria, July 17--We
have had the pleasure of seeing the enemy flying before us, but in
consequence of the roughness of the march, and owing to the heavy guns
which we have, they are succeeding in making their escape without a
fight. We are now in full possession of the railroad as far as this
station. The enemy commenced retreating during the day and barely
escaped by the old Fairfax road, which is occupied as far as Fairfax
station by Col. Wilcox, who took eleven prisoners. Col. Miles is in
possession of Fairfax Court House. Wednesday morning the troops
proceeded as far as the cross road that leads to Sangster's Station,
arriving at noon, when Col. Franklin's command marched off on the road
to Sangster's to cut off the railroad communication, and Col. Wilcox
proceeded to Fairfax station. Col. Heintzelman in the mean time remained
at the corner of Sangster's cross roads, two miles and a half from
Fairfax station, with Col. Howard's brigade and Capt. Lowe's cavalry. .
. .

The roads towards Sangster's were
intercepted by the felling of trees and other obstructions; otherwise,
Col. Wilcox might have succeeded in making even a more successful ad
expeditious victory. Several regiments of rebels are reported to have
passed Sangster's station during the day in retreat before Franklin's
column. An Alabama regiment was encamped within two miles of the fork of
the road, where we arrived at noon. Their camp fires were still burning
when we passed this afternoon, ad every evidence of their hasty retreat,
quantities of fresh beef, corn, &c., being left behind; near this camp
they had made an attempt at infantry breastworks which could have been
walked over by our troops. Its construction proves the weakness of the
enemy in this art of war. In the meantime the 1st division under Gen.
Tyler proceeds towards Fairfax Court House by roads from Falls Church
and Vienna. The 2d division under Col. Hunter, and the 5th division
under Col. Miles in the same direction by Little River Turnpike and
Braddock road.

A messenger from Wilcox brings information
that after taking Fairfax station he proceeded toward the Court House.
When within a mile of that place he found that Col. Burnside's brigade
had taken possession, the enemy in all instances having retreated
without a show of fight except by a few pickets.

-----

Parson Brownlow has been assigned by the
State Department to publish the United States laws in Tennessee. He
still keeps the American flag flying at the head of his paper and over
his house. He is making a gallant fight in his section of the State
against the traitors. The Government is determined to give the Union men
there and in every other Southern State, all the aid in its power.

-----

The introduction of gas to light the
steamer Commonwealth, of the Groton line, having proved a success,
arrangements are now making to have the Plymouth Rock lighted in the
same manner. The company has every facility for manufacturing gas at
Groton, and can supply the boats at a cost not much greater than
that for oil, while the boats are made much pleasanter by the
arrangement.

FROM FAIRFAX COURT HOUSE

Washington, July 18--The following
dispatch was received this afternoon:

The First Division, under General Tyler,
is between Germantown and Centreville; the Second Division is in this
place, just about to move forward to Centreville. The Fifth Division is
at the crossing of the old Braddock road with the road from here to
Fairfax station, and is ordered forward to Centreville by the old
Braddock road. Barry's battery has just joined it. One of Heintzelman's
Brigades, Col. Wilcox's, is at Fairfax station. Heintzelman and his
other brigade are below the station, but he has not reported to me since
we have been here and I have not been able to communicate with him. I
think they are at Sangster's station. The 4 men wounded yesterday
belonged to Miles's division, who had some slight skirmish in reaching
their position. Each column encountered about the same obstructions,
viz., trees felled across the road, but the axemen cleared them in a few
minutes. There were extensive breastworks thrown up at this place and
some of them with embrasures recessed within sand bags. Extensive
breastwork were also thrown up at Fairfax railroad station and on the
road leading to Sangster's. A great deal of work has been done by them
and the number and size of the camps show they have been here in great
force. Their retreat, therefore, must have damaging effect on them. They
left in such haste that they did not draw in their pickets, who came
into one of our camps, thinking, as it occupied the same place, that it
was their own. The obstructions to the railroad in the vicinity of the
station, including the deep cut filled in with earth, &c., can be
cleared up in a few hours. The telegraph poles are up, with the wires
upon them. I look to having railroad and telegraphic communication in a
very short time.

Much flour, some arms, forage, tents, camp
equipment, &c., were abandoned by the rebels.

I am distressed to have to report excesses
by our troops. The excitement of the men found vent in burning and
pillaging, which, however, was soon checked. It distressed us all
greatly. I go to Centreville in a few minutes. Very respectfully,

Irwin McDowell

-----

Numerous trophies were brought to
Washington this afternoon, including the commissary tent of the 31st
South Carolina regiment; guns, books, coats, hats and Palmetto buttons,
and a halter manufactured in New York.

All the masked batteries so much talked
about turned out to be nothing more than infantry breastworks of the
meanest style of construction.

Reports are prevalent, which are credited,
that a fight of minor importance took place at Bull Run, five miles from
Manassas Junction, and several killed and wounded on the Federal side
from a battery.

-----

The London Times of the 21st
ultimo, published three full sheets of eight pages each, in all
twenty-four pages! The impression is said to contain four thousand
advertisements of all lengths, and is the largest production ever issued
from the daily press.

SATURDAYJULY 20, 1861 THE NORWICH MORNING BULLETIN

THE ADVANCE OF THE GRAND ARMY

Centreville, July 19--Noon--Gen.
Tyler's column has commenced moving. The troops have formed in line. The
Massachusetts 1st has the right of the column.

O. E. Simpson of Co. H., 1st Massachusetts
regiment, was one of the first wounded, and died this morning. He was
buried by his friends.

It has been ascertained that the first
battery beyond Centreville was abandoned by the rebels before the
federal troops retired last night. The loss on our side was
comparatively small. Some are missing, supposed to have straggled away
or been taken prisoners. Thirteen prisoners captured by our troops, are
now on their way to Washington.

New York, July 19--A special to the
Herald from Baltimore gives a letter from a rebel source which says the
artillery at Bull Run were in play all day yesterday, from 9 in the
morning to 5 P.M., except during three intervals, of about an hour each.
The enemy's loss was very heavy, but ours comparatively small. A
Mississippi regiment fired into their own force by mistake. The enemy
were repulsed three different times. A prisoner taken by the rebels,
stated that they were slaughtered like sheep. Among the killed were
several field officers.

Washington, July 19--The following is from
our reporter at Bull Run, dated 4 o'clock this P.M.: From careful
enquiry and personal observation, the number of wounded on the Federal
side amounts to sixty, and the killed to forty. Several amputations have
taken place. The greater part of the wounded are quartered in an old
stone church, where every attention is being paid to their comfort.
Fourteen dead were buried this A.M. There has been no firing at Bull Run
today. The rebels are still in possession of their principal batteries.
Their pickets approach to within 150 yards of ours. With a spy glass
large bodies of rebels were seen moving to the right and left,
apparently extending their base lines of operation, but not retreating.
Batteries are being erected on our side commanding the enemy's works,
which are of substantial character. Owing to the slight repulse with
which we met, the movement against the rebels will be more carefully
planned, and of greater magnitude than was at first contemplated. Our
troops are all eager for the fight. They have constructed tents with the
blankets thrown over stacked arms. They have plenty of food, including
fresh beef. The indications are that there will not be a general forward
movement before Tuesday morning, unless the rebels provoke one. Special
attention is being paid to the hospital department, making preparations
for the sick and wounded. The batteries of the rebels were
scientifically worked.

This afternoon a general order was read to
all the troops, prohibiting theft of every description, enjoining
respect for persons and property, and stating that the least penalty for
its violation would be incarceration in the Alexandria jail and for
crimes of magnitude the severest penalties known to military laws. The
order also states that we have invaded Virginia to restore persons to
their lawful rights, and secure their good will. They were not at any
time to be judges of the acts of southern people, and to take upon
themselves the propriety of punishment. It would frustrate the designs
of the government.

To this the troops acceded by clapping
their hands and huzzahs for the commander. Great pains are taken by
responsible men visiting the seat of war from Washington, to impress
upon the people that the government will protect them in the enjoyment
of their rights, and that this war is for the purpose of maintaining our
nationality.

All rumors of fighting today are untrue.
Several casualties have happened by the accidental discharge of
firearms.

THE SHARP-SHOOTERS' REGIMENT

The Providence Press notices the
arrival in that city of Mr. S. Rowland, whose business it is to raise
recruits for Mr. Berdan's regiment of sharpshooters now forming in New
York. Companies have already been raised for this regiment in the states
of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, and
others are forming in Kentucky and Missouri. It is proposed to raise one
company in New England, and already fifteen or twenty applications have
been received from citizens of Rhode Island. The arrangement for
equipping this regiment of riflemen is that each State will provide for
the company raised within its limits.

A SAYING IN 1856

The Hartford Times--Mr. Jason
Hitchcock said in 1856, if the Republican party ever got the ascendancy
in this country, we should have war, but he should not live to see it.
He was a Whig. The Republicans have carried the day, and the war is upon
us.

LOCAL AFFAIRS

Picnics--D. Corey will give a pic nic at
Harvey's grove, this (Saturday) afternoon.

A German pic nic* will be given at the same
place on Monday afternoon, by F. Kottman.

POLICE COURT

Friday--Mrs..
Mary Brown appeared before the Court to answer a charge of breaking the
peace. It appeared that a feud had for some time existed between Mrs.
Brown and Mrs. Crocker, which had at divers times caused sundry
belligerent manifestations, on the part of both parties. On the
afternoon of this day, Mrs. Brown, gotten up regardless of expense, had
been making a friendly call upon some person in the house where the
hostile Crocker resided and had set about upon her return. She was
ambulating quietly along when some remarkable conjunction of fates
brought it about that a body of water fell plump upon the back of her
neck, and from no other fountain head than a hand-basin in the hands of
Mrs. Crocker, who was installed just inside the window. Somewhat
ruffled, Mrs. Brown seized a pail of soft soap from an adjacent
wood-pile and hurled it with damaging effect at Mrs. Crocker. Thereupon
the latter sallied forth, and floored her foe with two well delivered
blows with her hand-basin. Mrs. Brown retaliated by twisting her hands
in her adversary's hair, dragging her over the wood-pile, taking the
hand-basin from her, and getting heavily home upon her countenance
therewith, disfiguring it to a considerable extent. At this point the
combat was terminated, and the parties repaired to the court room, under
the escort of an officer, for the purpose of detailing their woes. After
a hearing of the case the court charged Mrs. Brown for her pugnacity $3
and costs, which she failed to pay, and was incarcerated.

FREE ACADEMY

The fifth Annual Exhibition of the free
Academy was held on Friday afternoon. The attendance was very large.
Nearly all the exercises were applauded. The graduating class numbers
sixteen--ten young ladies and six young gentlemen.

The first exercises were the original
declamations, all of which were well written and gracefully delivered. .
. .

The second exercise, was the original
essays of the young ladies. Miss E.G. Hyde's "Away down South in Dixie,"
a humorous poem full of patriotic allusions, was received with
enthusiasm.