2018-12-19T08:31:06ZThe ups and downs of cellular stress: the “MAM hypothesis” for Bipolar Disorder pathophysiologyhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.4/2176
Título: The ups and downs of cellular stress: the “MAM hypothesis” for Bipolar Disorder pathophysiology
Autor: Pereira, AC; Resende, R; Morais, S; Madeira, N; Pereira, CF2017-01-01T00:00:00ZThe quest for biomarkers in schizophrenia: from neuroimaging to machine learning.http://hdl.handle.net/10400.4/2175
Título: The quest for biomarkers in schizophrenia: from neuroimaging to machine learning.
Autor: Bajouco, M; Mota, D; Coroa, M; Caldeira, S; Santos, V; Madeira, N
Resumo: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder and one of the leading causes of disease burden worldwide. It represents a source of significant suffering and disability to the affected individuals, and is associated with substantial societal and economical costs.
The diagnosis of schizophrenia still depends exclusively on the detection of symptoms that are also present in other mental disorders. This situation causes overlapping of the boundaries of the diagnostic categories and constitutes a source of diagnostic errors. Moreover, current treatment algorithms do not take into account the substantial interindividual variability in response to antipsychotic drugs. As a result, around one-third of patients are treatment-resistant to first line antipsychotic drugs. This deleterious consequence is associated with poor individual outcomes and elevated healthcare costs.
Neuroimaging research in schizophrenia has shed some light in a vast array of structural and functional connectivity abnormalities and neurochemical (dopamine and glutamate) imbalances, which may constitute ‘organic surrogates’ of this disorder. However, the neuroimaging field, so far, has not been able to identify biomarkers that could facilitate early detection and allow individualised treatment management.
This paper reviews neuroimaging studies from different modalities that may provide relevant biomarkers for schizophrenia.
We discuss how the current application of novel Machine Learning methods to the analyses of imaging data is allowing the translation of such findings into potential biomarkers enabling the prediction of clinical outcomes at the individual level, towards the development of innovative and personalised treatment strategies.2017-01-01T00:00:00ZFacial emotion processing in schizophrenia: a review of behavioural and neural correlateshttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.4/2174
Título: Facial emotion processing in schizophrenia: a review of behavioural and neural correlates
Autor: Grave, J; Soares, SC; Martins, MJ; Madeira, N
Resumo: Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric conditions, often associated with deficits in social cognition. Social cognition deficits are predictors of functionality in patients and involve theory of mind, attributional style, social perception,
and emotional processing. In particular, facial emotion processing (an important domain of emotional processing)
seems to be particularly related to cognitive and social functioning, and to positive and negative symptoms.
Patients with schizophrenia have difficulties in processing emotional faces; however, those impairments are still far from fully understood. In this review, we addressed the behavioural and neural correlates of facial emotion processing in schizophrenia. Despite studies showing impairments in both positive and negative faces, the most consistent findings
involved negative faces. Moreover, patients with schizophrenia showed abnormalities in the social brain neural circuit during facial emotion processing. While some studies described hypoactivation of brain areas related to emotional processing, such as the amygdala, others reported hyperactivation, leading to a high number of inconsistencies. The findings are limited by the experimental designs used, and the clinical and demographic characteristics of patients. Despite such variable findings, there has been growing interest in developing psychosocial interventions focused directly on social cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, with potential impact on patient’s ability to perceive emotional faces.
We provide a critical perspective on current evidence and suggest new pathways of research. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying facial emotion processing in schizophrenia could enhance functionality and quality of life by providing innovative approaches to the interpersonal difficulties patients frequently experience.2017-01-01T00:00:00ZCirculating biomarkers in schizophrenia: a proteomics perspective.http://hdl.handle.net/10400.4/2173
Título: Circulating biomarkers in schizophrenia: a proteomics perspective.
Autor: Santa, C; Coelho, JF; Madeira, N; Manadas, B2017-01-01T00:00:00ZMajor Depressive Disorder: psychiatric nosology's 'black dog'http://hdl.handle.net/10400.4/2172
Título: Major Depressive Disorder: psychiatric nosology's 'black dog'
Autor: Silva, T; Madeira, N; Santos, V; Leite, R2016-01-01T00:00:00Z