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An investigation is made into the choice of internucleon potentials which are appropriate for nuclear structure calculations. Methods of constructing and calculating effective interactions are suggested and tested for simple nuclear systems. The results obtained show that good agreement with the experimental data can be achieved with effective interactions, but they also indicate that improved methods are needed for calculating realistic phenomenological potentials. The fitting of potentials to the high-energy two-nucleon data requires hard-core or velocity-dependent potentials; static soft-core potentials provide only part of the nuclear interaction. However a static potential fitted to the low-energy data gives a useful starting point for calculating nuclear interactions so a method is given by which the parameters of the neutron-proton potential may be calculated by a simultaneous solution of the equations associated with the deuteron.