Palaeoclimate reconstructions from deep-sea sediment archives provide valuable insight into past rapid climate change, but only a small proportion of the ocean is suitable for such reconstructions using the existing state of the art, i.e. the age–depth approach. We use dual radiocarbon (14C) and stable isotope analysis on single foraminifera to bypass the long-standing age–depth approach, thus facilitating past ocean chemistry reconstructions from vast, previously untapped ocean areas.

In this paper we find scaling relationships for perturbations to atmosphere and ocean variables from large transient CO2 emissions. We use a carbon cycle box model to calculate peak perturbations to a variety of ocean and atmosphere variables resulting from idealized emission events. As these scaling relationships depend on the physical setup, they represent a compact way of characterizing how different climates respond to large transient perturbations.

Menviel, L., Joos, F., and Ritz, S. P.: Simulating atmospheric CO2,
δ13C and the marine carbon cycle during the Last
Glaciale/Interglacial cycle: possible role for a deepening of the mean
remineralization depth and an increase in the oceanic nutrient inventory,
Quaternary Sci. Rev., 56, 46–68,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.09.012, 2012. a

We analyze the changes in oceanic carbon dynamics, using a state-of-the-art Earth system model, by comparing two quasi-equilibrium states: the early, warm Eemian (125 ka) versus the cooler, late Eemian (115 ka). Our results suggest a considerably weaker ocean dissolved inorganic carbon storage at 125 ka, an alteration of the deep-water geometry and ventilation in the South Atlantic, and heterogeneous changes in phosphate availability and carbon export between the Pacific and Atlantic basins.

We analyze the changes in oceanic carbon dynamics, using a state-of-the-art Earth system model,...