In many laboratories real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has become a standard technique to correlate phenotypic observations not only with altered protein expression data but also with quantitative changes on a transcriptional level. The quality of results obtained e.g. by RT-qPCR depends among ot...

Molecular Biology is the science that aims to understand biological activity at the molecular level. These biological activities usually involve the plant or animal cell, and the nucleic acids and proteins that are at work within the cell. Molecular Biologists use some standard techniques that have ...

• • Download PDF • Role of ABC Transporters and Multi-Drug Resistance Reversal Using RNA Interference (RNAi)* Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice against many types of cancer. However, over time chemotherapeutic drugs can become less effective due to the development of resistance that involves a...

What controls do you recommend? Why doesn't the non-target control vector affect gene expression? How many cells can I infect with the amount of lentivirus provided? What is the method you recommend for screening the stable clones and is there a pair of primers that can be used for screening them by...

Krista McCutcheon and David Fei, Department of Analytical Sciences, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080-4990 Viability assays are crucial tools in the development of many drugs, particularly of cytotoxic agents. To best characterize potential compounds, viability assays must ideally be abl...

• • Download PDF • Research and Development, Biotechnology Division, Sigma-Aldrich An experiment to directly compare three methods of lentiviral transduction of Jurkat cells was conducted in order to determine the method that yields the greatest transduction efficiency. Spinoculation was carried out...

Introduction miRNAs play an important role in gene regulation. Genes encoding miRNAs are transcribed and then processed into mature single-stranded stem-loop structures that then bind to complementary mRNA transcripts to down-regulate gene expression. Dysregulation of miRNA expression and function h...

What is RNAi? Why do I want to do RNAi? What is a gene accession number? What are RefSeq Numbers? Where do I find RefSeq Numbers? I cannot find my target gene in your search engine. Do you have it? Why can’t I find my gene using my gene symbol? For what species do you have predesigned siRNA or shRNA...

The existence of G protein-coupled glutamate receptors (also called "metabotropic" glutamate or mGlu's), belonging to the seven transmembrane spanning superfamily of receptors, was shown definitively with the cloning of the first member in 1991. Since then, eight receptors of this class have been ...

Why is the U6 promoter used? What restriction sites were used for cloning the shRNA sequences? Does pLKO.1 contain WPRE? What restriction enzymes are recommended for diagnostic digests of the clone DNA? How large of an insert can pLKO.1 handle? If I order TRC1.5 clones and controls, will they work w...

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays are used to evaluate transcription factor-DNA interactions and they are critical for advancing our understanding of gene expression regulation and epigenetic modifications. ChIP can detect and relatively quantify specific protein-DNA and protein-protein in...

The Sigma-Aldrich® New Lab Start-up Program offers special pricing on thousands of products. Below are highlighted products and product lines within the program that are frequently requested for setting up a new laboratory. Special New Lab Start-Up pricing can be set up for all these products. Chemi...

Locked Nucleic Acid in oligonucleotides other than qPCR probes is available in all countries except for the United States. Locked Nucleic Acid is a novel type of nucleic acid analog that contains a 2'-O, 4'-C methylene bridge (Figure 1). This bridge–locked in the 3'-endo conformation–restricts the f...

We are proud to offer a selection of media, many of which are serum-free, for the in vitro culture of human primary cells, such as keratinocytes, endothelial cells, and epithelial hepatocytes. These primary cell types have potential commercial value in a wide range of emerging technologies and thera...

Back to BioFiles v7 n3 Main Page Download BioFiles v7 n3 (3.97 Mb PDF) RNA interference (RNAi) is a relatively new technology that is revolutionizing the way researchers study gene expression. RNAi is a highly conserved gene silencing mechanism that occurs in response to the presence of double-stran...