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Jellyfish stings

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Definition

Jellyfish are sea creatures that have a nearly see-through (transparent) body with long finger-like structures called tentacles. Stinging cells inside the tentacles can hurt you if you come in contact with them. Some stings can cause serious harm.

This is for information only and not for use in the treatment or management of an actual poison exposure. If you have an exposure, you should call your local emergency number (such as 911) or the National Poison Control Center at 1-800-222-1222.

Poisonous Ingredient

Jellyfish venom

Where Found

Types of jellyfish include:

Lion's mane (Cyanea capillata)

Portuguese man-of-war (Physalia physalis)

Sea nettle (Chrysaora quinquecirrha), one of the most common jellyfish found along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts

Sea wasp (Chironex fleckeri, Chiropsalmus quadrigatus), also known as box jellyfish, found near the coasts of northern Australia and the Philippines

Note: This list is not all-inclusive.

Symptoms

Portuguese man-of-war:

Abdominal pain

Changes in pulse

Chest pain

Collapse

Headache

Muscle pain and muscle spasms

Numbness and weakness

Pain in the arms or legs

Raised red spot where stung

Runny nose and watery eyes

Swallowing difficulty

Sweating

Sea wasp or box-jellyfish:

Breathing difficulty

Nausea and vomiting

Severe pain and swelling

Slow heart beat

Skin tissue death

Lion's mane:

Breathing difficulty

Muscle cramps

Skin burning and blistering (severe)

Sea nettle

Mild skin rash (with mild stings)

Muscle cramps and breathing difficulty (with extensive contact)

Home Care

Seek immediate medical attention.

If you know for certain that the person has been stung by a Portuguese man-of-war or sea nettle, wash with salt water (ocean water is okay, but make sure you do NOT get sand in the wound). Protect affected area if possible. Soak the area with a solution made of 1/2 vinegar and 1/2 water for about 30 minutes. This helps remove the tentacles. Rinse the area and then re-soak with more 1/2 strength vinegar.

(You may also remove tentacles by applying a paste made of flour or shaving cream and scraping the area with a dull instrument such as a credit card.)

Apply a cream containing a pain-killer, an antihistamine, or a corticosteroid.

Before Calling Emergency

Determine the following information:

Patient's age, weight, and condition

Name of the marine animal, if possible

Time stung

Poison Control

The National Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222) can be called from anywhere in the United States. This national hotline number will let you talk to experts in poisoning. They will give you further instructions.

This is a free and confidential service. All local poison control centers in the United States use this national number. You should call if you have any questions about poisoning or poison prevention. It does NOT need to be an emergency. You can call for any reason, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

What to Expect at the Emergency Room

The health care provider will measure and monitor the patient's vital signs, including temperature, pulse, breathing rate, and blood pressure. Symptoms will be treated as appropriate. The patient may receive:

Antivenin (for sea wasp stings)

Blood and urine tests

Breathing assistance

Fluids through a vein (by IV)

Medication to treat symptoms

X-rays

Outlook (Prognosis)

Portuguese man-of-war and sea nettle stings are rarely deadly. Sea wasp stings can be deadly in minutes. The overall mortality rate after box-jellyfish stings may approach 15% to 20% in select locales.

Prevention

Do not swim in waters known to harbor jellyfish. Ask local inhabitants if it is safe to swim in waters with which you are not familiar.