At the end of the course the student must have acquired the main theoretical notions of the course contents and must have acquired the ability to solve problems of:
- stoichiometry
- statistics
- concentration
- equilibria in aqueous solution and dilution
- pH measure
- preparation of buffers and pH measurement of buffers
- solubility
- quantitative analysis both volumetric and gravimetric

Achievement of the level B1 of the CEFR, i.e. “independent user”.
The student “can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is spoken. Can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans.”

Prerequisites

No prerequisites required.

Didattics Methods

Frontal and interactive lessons. Students will be asked to practise the language using digital tools (tablet, laptop, smartphone) via the BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) approach.
Students will also practise the language autonomously using the materials upoloaded by the teacher on the DIR Uniupo learning platform

Grading rules

A written test will assess the skills acquired by students.
The test will be divided in two parts:
- Reading comprehension exercises: multiple choice, multiple choice cloze, matching, true/false.
- Language use: a sentence transformation task.

Full arguments

Language and grammar structures, vocabulary and communication strategies at level B1 of the CEFR.

The course focuses on the necessary elements to attain English language level B2 of the CEFR. The course will mainly consist of: reading, writing, listening and oral practice.

Reference texts

• New English File Upper Intermediate (Christina Latham Koenig and Clive Oxended) Oxford University Press 2014, ISBN 9780194501224 or ISBN 9780194524568
• Grammar in Use 4th Edition (Raymond Murphy) Cambridge University Press 2012, ISBN 9780521189064
• English for Pharmacy (Ester de Giuli and Angelo Sala) Hoepli 2010. ISBN 9788820344757
• Other texts, articles and exercises from various sites and or newspapers related to pharmacy may be considered in the course of study. These will be uploaded on Moodle.

Teaching targets

The course aims at providing level B2 English knowledge and skills necessary to understand written texts, follow discussions and communicate: students will have the opportunity to get used to expressing themselves in English, optimizing their ability to address a larger audience with confidence and more fluency. In order to achieve this, the following key elements will be tackled:
Writing: Grammar level B2, general level B2 vocabulary and specific terminologies related to pharmacy.
Reading: Reading texts in English adapted to B2 level with the aim of encouraging reflection on the language and its structures, for the end purpose of acquiring elements of syntax and comprehension of both general and scientific texts.
Listening: Developing language skills related to listening, giving importance to the phonetic aspects and to the lexical components.
Oral Practice: To develop the student's ability to conversational and communication techniques by putting into practice both their knowledge and language elements acquired during the lessons.

Prerequisites

Level B1 of the CEFR

Didattics Methods

The course is taught entirely in English. Both traditional teaching method and use of technological systems in the lecture hall for various texts/exercises and listening will be considered. Students are expected to and will be involved in various discussions.

Grading rules

The final assessment is based on a written test and a listening session lasting 1hour 45 minutes:
Written: Reading a text and answering questions; grammar; vocabulary.
Listening: Students will listen to a recording and answer written questions.
Pass mark: 60%

• Knowledge and application of level B2 grammatical and communication skills.
• Ability to read, comprehend and discuss general and scientific texts.
• Ability to understand and follow discussions in various contexts
• Knowledge of common vocabulary and language related to Pharmacy

The course is composed of two parts. The first part, carried out during the first semester, is focused on the following topics:
- Structure and function of the prokaryotic cell
- Kinetic of microbial growth
- Nutritional requirements of bacteria
- Environmental effects on microbial growth
- Cultivation of bacteria in the laboratory
- Control of microbial growth
- Duplication and expression of the prokaryotic genome
- Horizontal gene transfer
The second part, carried out during the second semester, addresses the following themes:
- Features of microbial metabolism
- Virus: structure and replication cycle of bacterial and animal viruses
- Human-microorganism interaction: colonization and virulence factors
- Non-specific and specific host defence mechanisms
- The artificial active immunization
- Antimicrobial drugs: mechanisms of action and resistance

The course aims to provide students with adequate information and basic knowledge on the biology of microorganisms from the point of view of cellular, metabolic and genetic organization, on the peculiarities of these aspects and on the similarities with other living beings. The course will also give students the basic knowledge about the positive and harmful interactions between microorganism and host, the pathogenic activity of microorganisms in general and of some important pathogens in particular, and about the host non-specific and specific defense mechanisms. The structure and replication mechanisms of the principal bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) and animal viruses will be also studied. Finally, the course aims to give students an adequate knowledge of the mechanisms of action of the major antibacterial drugs.

Prerequisites

Basic knowledge of the structure and of the principal functions of the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell

Didattics Methods

The course consists of lectures with slides show. Some topics will be deepened with videos in English and Italian. Topics of particular interest and relevance will be examined with the reading of scientific publications.

Other informations

The slides of the lectures and additional material are available on the website “Didattica in Rete”: https://www.dir.uniupo.it/

Grading rules

The exam consists of a written test with multiple choice questions (with only one true answer), true/false questions, questions with omitted words, matching words questions and open questions covering all the topics. In particular, the questions will be equally distributed on the two main parts of the course, the first concerning the structure, function, growth and cultivation of microorganisms, the second concerning metabolism, microorganism/host interaction, viruses, antimicrobial drugs. In particular, part of the questions will be aimed at evaluating the knowledge acquired by the student during the course, another part will evaluate the ability to apply such knowledge, the autonomy of judgment and of critical analysis by resolving technical/diagnostic queries, similar to those performed in the classroom. For short open questions, the ability to answer using a suitable technical-scientific and microbiological language will be also evaluated. The score assigned to each question will depend on the difficulty and will be specified in the text of the examination. Unanswered or incorrect questions will be given a score of 0. The final mark will be given by the sum of the scores of each question.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: At the end of the course, the student will acquire theoretical knowledge and understanding about the biology of microorganisms, in particular the structure and functions of the prokaryotic cells components, their genetics and the basic understanding of the most important classes of reactions of the microbial metabolism. Knowledge will also be acquired about the interaction of organisms with the natural environment; in particular, the effects of physical, chemical and nutritional factors on microbial growth and the response to abiotic stress will be understood. An additional educational objective of the course is the understanding of the main microorganism/host interaction mechanisms, the phenomena at the origin of microbial pathogenicity and of innate and acquired host resistance to infections; basic knowledge will also be acquired about the major mechanisms of action of the most important classes of antimicrobial drugs and the resistance mechanisms implemented by pathogenic microorganisms. The course also provides theoretical insights relating to the manipulation of microorganisms (isolation, propagation in culture, selective and differential media, conservation and sterility concept), the microbiological diagnostics, the control of their growth (sterilization methods, treatment with disinfecting agents), their quantification and identification, including the resolution of short exercises and problems in the classroom.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: At the end of the course the student will acquire both the theoretical knowledge and the instruments concerning the application of some of the principal methods for cultivation, enumeration and identification of microorganisms, and will be able to solve simple problems related to microbial counting and to the preparation of culture media and solutions for microbiological use.
MAKING JUDGEMENTS, COMMUNICATION AND LEARNING SKILLS: Finally, the student must demonstrate to have acquired independence of judgment on the different topics addressed during the course, knowledge of their possible applications and repercussions in other scientific fields and skills regarding the verbal and written communication through the use of an appropriate technical and scientific language and of a correct microbiological terminology.

Aim of the course is the knowledge of the basic concepts of general and inorganic chemistry required to tackle the following topics of the degree course. Knowledge of the structure and properties of chemicals is required as is the ability to communicate the corresponding information using a suitable and dedicated terminology. The student should be able to predict and calculate the behavior of chemical species, retrieving the necessary data and processing it properly, paying particular attention to aspects of special biological significance.

Prerequisites

Basic concepts of mathematics and physics.

Didattics Methods

Classroom lessons (slides, movies and blackboard exercises). The course material (pdf/ppt files of slides) will be made available to the students in the online platform.

Grading rules

The final exam of General and Inorganic Chemistry will be organized in three sections: i) general concepts; ii) prediction and calculation of thermodynamic, kinetic, equilibrium properties, iii) chemistry of the elements and their applications. Points i) and iii) will require answering to specific questions, while point ii) will require the resolution of physico-chemical problems. The student must reach at least a 6/10 grade simultaneously in each section to pass the exam. The final grade will be represented by the weighted average of the grades of the three sections.

Knowledge of the basic concepts of chemistry (structure of matter, atoms/molecules, mole, bonds and interactions, reactions, phase changes, solutions, chemical equilibrium (pH, solubility, complexation), principles of kinetics, thermodynamics, electrochemistry and nuclear chemistry. Understanding of the application of these concepts to the physical world and to daily practical experience. Understanding the fundamental role of these concepts for the following course subjects.
Applying the knowledge of the basic concepts of chemistry to recognize and classify chemicals and to predict qualitatively and quantitatively their behavior in different conditions.
The student must be independent in the identification of chemicals and in undergoing transformations, in the selection of the correct way to predict and describe the events and in the judgment of the corresponding consequences.
Chemistry has a well-defined vocabulary. The student has to master the language to communicate efficiently and unambiguously. The student must know the nomenclature of chemical substances and the terminology needed to describe their properties and transformations.
The student must employ and apply the basic principles of general chemistry to the learning of the following chemistry and biology subjects of the course.

Generality: history, techniques used for the study of anatomy, microscopes, anatomical planes and anatomical terminology. Histology: epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissues. Most important bones muscles and joints. Blood and hemolymphopoietic organs. The heart: external and internal configuration, the main vessels of the systemic circulation. Functional anatomy of the circulatory system: the circulation in adult and in fetus. The skin. Microscopic macroscopic and functional anatomy of the central nervous system (spinal cord, brain stem, midbrain, cerebrum and cerebellum) and peripheral nervous system (generality of the large nerve plexus and the cranial nerves); the meninges and the cerebrospinal fluid; the main streets of motility and sensitivity; generality of the sympathetic nervous system. Functional anatomy and microanatomy of visceral systems: respiratory, digestive, genital and uropoietic. Functional Anatomy and microanatomy of the endocrine system.

Knowledge of the morphology of the human body. Macroscopic, microscopic and functional human anatomy. Topographic location of organs and microscopic recognition of tissues and organs.

Prerequisites

NO

Didattics Methods

Lessons in the classroom with the support of images, video and plastic (skeleton and organs). Laboratory lesson with practice activities on the preparation of biological samples for microscopic observation and slides study

Grading rules

Written test in mid course, in February (optional) with multiple choice questions on topics: Generality; Microscopic Anatomy; Skin; Bones-Joints-Muscles; Hearth and vessels. Final oral examination. The test will be evaluated in thirty and considered as a third of the final examination. When not passing the test in progress, the arguments listed above will be asked with the rest of the program at the Oral examination. Evaluation of the acquired knowledges and of the ability to use them with comunicative skills and medical terms to describe the asked anatomical structure.
The evaluation of the familiarity with microscopic structures will demonstrate functional knowledge of the anatomical structure examined.
Together with the description of an anatomical structure it will be tested the ability of the student to connect various topics as a result of a depth and not only a mnemonic study.

Full arguments

- GENERAL ANATOMY: General and systematic knowledge of the anatomy, topography and terminology of location and movement, full hollow organs, anatomical position.
- MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY: epithelial tissues, connective tissues with particular attention to blood. Emo-limphopoietic organs.
- OSTEOARTHROMIOLOGY: general anatomy of the bones, muscles and joints.
- CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: generality of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the central nervous system and peripheral sympathetic nervous system, the cavities of the central nervous system, the cerebrospinal fluid, the blood-brain barrier, the meninges. Spinal cord, brainstem, cranial nerves and their nuclei, forebrain, the main motor and sensory pathways.
- CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: generality of systematic anatomy of the cardiovascular system, the circulation in the adult configuration inside and outside of the heart, major vessels of the trunk, cephalic end and the arts. The fetal circulation.
- DIGESTIVE SYSTEM: general systematic anatomy of the digestive system, especially the stomach, liver, intestines. General information on the peritoneum. - Respiratory system: general anatomy of the respiratory system systematically, with particular reference to the upper airways and lungs, the pleura generality.
- UROGENITAL SYSTEM: general anatomy of the uro-genital systematic, with particular reference to the kidney, the nephron and urinary tract stones. Bladder, uterus, fallopian tubes, sperm streets.
-OTHER DEVICES AND SYSTEMS: overview of systematic anatomy of the endocrine system with particular reference to: Hypothalamus, pituitary ovary, testis, adrenal, thyroid, pancreas, digestive juxtaglomerular apparatus

Expected learning objectives

Ability to apply their knowledge to describe with autonomy and comunication skills organs and apparatus from a macroscopic and topographic point of view.
Ability to apply the microscopic knowledge to understand and describe functional anatomy.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
To know the most important sources of epidemiological data.
To understand the elements in the design and conduct of the most important types of epidemiological studies.
To know the most important sources of bias in epidemiological studies.
to understand the criteria for characterizing the causality of associations in Medicine.
to know the key features of a systematic review of the scientific literature
to know the most important determinants of health in Italy and worldwide
to know the differencies between primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
to know the key features of the process of drug discovery and development.
to understand the key features of Evidence-Based Medicine.
to know the key features of National Health Systems.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
to be able to calculate measures of frequency and association
to be able to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of a clinical test
to able to interpret the results of a meta-analysis

Prerequisites

None

Didattics Methods

Lectures

Other informations

None

Grading rules

Written exam including Single Best Answer, Open ended questions, and numerical exercises. In particular, open ended questions and numerical exercises will evaluate the ability of the student to calculate basic epidemiological measures and the ability of interpreting the results of a meta-analysis.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING To know the most important sources of epidemiological data. To understand the elements in the design and conduct of the most important types of epidemiological studies. To know the most important sources of bias in epidemiological studies. to understand the criteria for characterizing the causality of associations in Medicine. to know the key features of a systematic review of the scientific literature to know the most important determinants of health in Italy and worldwide to know the differences between primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. to know the key features of the process of drug discovery and development. to understand the key features of Evidence-Based Medicine. to know the key features of National Health Systems. APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING to be able to calculate measures of frequency and association to be able to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of a clinical test to able to interpret the results of a meta-analysis

*Knowledge and understanding
The course is intended to provide students with the knowledge and the ability to manage the mathematical tools required to understand and follow the other courses of the Degree. More specifically the course aims to provide students with basic methods of differential and integral calculus plus the basic notions of probability and statistics needed to understand mathematical models and to undertake statistical analysis of experimental results.
*Applying knowledge and understanding
Students are expected to be able use the acquired skills even in a multidisciplinary context
and they should be able to resort to mathematics and statistics even in situations external to the course.
*Making judgements.
At the end of the course students are expected to apply learned methods even in different
situations and that they have acquired the tools needed to extend their knowledge
by themselves.
* Communication skills
At the end of the course students are expected to be able to express the learned concepts in a clear way.
* Learning skills.
During the course students should learn how to study by choosing their personal
path and should become able to choose the appropriate resources, possibly online.

Prerequisites

The student should have the basic knowledge of the subject that can be acquired in a normal high school. In particular: arithmetic operations, powers, Cartesian plane, the line equations, parabola and circumference, angles, measured in degrees and radians, circular functions, fundamental formulas of plane and solid geometry.
In case of failure in the test of basic knowledge the student should follow the course on basic mathematics and pass the final test.

Didattics Methods

Lectures are given either in the classroom or in the computer lab.

Other informations

Reference material and further details are provided on the DIR website.
https://www.dir.uniupo.it/course/view.php?id=49
Enrolment key is provided during the lectures.

Grading rules

Ongoing Quizzes and online Final Examination (possibly splitted in 2 parts).
The ongoing quizzes are assigned periodically at the end of a given subject. The Final focuses on all the course matters. Final evaluation gives a weight of 20% to the ongoing quizzes and 80% to the Final.
Ongoing quizzes could be replaced by an oral examination.

Full arguments

Credit 1 [Functions]
Mathematical concept of functions. Domain and codomain (target), Image. Exponential and power functions. Function composition. Invertible function and inverse function. Inverse circular functions. Logarithms.
Credit 2 [Derivatives]
Meaning of Derivative
Geometric meaning of the derivative. Graphic computation of the derivative through repeated zooms. Approximation of the derivative at a point via Newton quotient. Three point rule. Derivative for tabulated functions. Derivative function.
Differentiation rules
Derivative of the sum, of the product, of the composite function, of the reciprocal and of the quotient. Derivative of the inverse function.
Application of the derivatives
Increasing and decreasing functions, Minima and maxima of functions. Computation of maxima and minima with the help of the derivative, Second derivative and study of concavity-convexity of a graph.
Credit 3 [Area and Integrals]
Numerical Integration
Definite integral for positive functions over finite intervals, Computation. Numerical integration with the rectangle methods and trapezoid method. Stochastic integration with the Montecarlo methods.
Exact integration
The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. Indefinite integral and antiderivatives. Computation of antiderivatives. Area between two curves.
Extensions of the Integral
Integrals for non positive functions. Inversions of integration endpoints.
Credit 4 [Statistical Data]
Introduction
Experimental data and simulated data. How to simulate a fair dice.
Single Variable
Statistical Units. Samples, populations, variables. Single variable statistics. Data presentations: sorting, absolute frequencies, relative frequencies. Conti- nuous and discrete variables. Bar charts, histograms and box-plot. Properties of the Summation symbol.
Statistical parameter, Measures of centrality (mean, median) and measures of dispersion (extensions, quartiles, sample variance and sample standard deviation). Statistical Indices for repeated data.
Credit 5 [Double variables statistics Probability.]
Double variables
Two variables representations. Scatter plot. Covariance, Linear regression (linear regression over X and over Y). Application of linear regression. Power and exponential laws. Variable transformations to reduce to a linear relationship.
Credit 6 [Probabilities]
Frequentist definition of probability. Complete systems of events. The Union and intersection of events. Bayes rule. Probability computations using Bayes rule. Random variables and probabilities densities for discrete and continuous variables. Expected values and standard deviation of a population.
Computation of Expected values and variance. Normal variables. Computation of the probability P{a < X < b} for a normal variable. Standard variables.
Credit 7 [Statistical Tests]
Estimations of statistical parameters
Reliability criterions. Confidence level and reliability. Point estimates and interval estimates. Interval estimate of the mean of a normal population.
Statistical tests
Student’s t-test with with one sample and two samples (paired data, equal variance data). Welch test. chi-square-test.

The course covers the following topics:
Introduction on Physics observables and some reminders on Mathematics.
Mechanics: Kinematics, Dynamics of the point (outline of complex systems), Statics
Electricity and Magnetism
Waves, Optics, Acustic
Fluidostatics, Fluidodynamics
Radioactivity
Radiation-matter interaction.

The objective is to provide the students with a solid knowledge of the main concepts of General Physics, with some outline given to modern physics. These concepts are fundamental for the deep understanding of many of the phenomena in chemistry and in the involved instrumentations.
The student will be able to analyze and resolve physics problems of medium/easy level. The student will have to communicate in an effective and appropriate way his knowledge.

Prerequisites

None

Didattics Methods

The course is offered in the traditional way, with lectures and collective exercises. Slides, and occasionally videos and multimedia applications are used to assist the lectures. Many hours are devoted to problem solving. Several homeworks are proposed to the students in order to encourage their participation.

Grading rules

Midterm written test (optional, 3 groups of exercises/questions - 30-40 min) . Final written examination, with exercizes and questions on theory, open or multiple choice. The final written examination consists of 5 groups of exercises/questions to be completed in 50-70 min. Final oral examination optional.

The student has to demonstrate a solid knowledge of the main concepts of General Physics (and some of modern physics), and the capability to apply this concepts for the understanding and resolution of simple scientific problems in physics. The student is required to be able to communicate in an effective and appropriate way his knowledge and his analysis of the physics problems addressed.

The course aims to provide basic knowledge on the structural organization of animal and plant eukaryotic cells, cellular processes and intercellular relationships, mechanisms of expression and transmission of genetic information. The course also aims to provide students with adequate skills for managing and communicating.

Prerequisites

none

Didattics Methods

Classroom lectures

Grading rules

Computer-Based Multiple Choice Exams. Multiple choice questions, concerning the items listed in the program, include a phrase followed by three to five options. Each correct response results in a positive score and omitted items result in no mark (exams are held in February, June / July and September with at least two calls per session).

Full arguments

• Biological macromolecules: nucleic acids DNA and RNA, amino acids and proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.
• DNA: the double helix structure. Levels of organization of DNA inside the cell: nuclear chromatin and chromosome structure. DNA replication. Mechanisms of control of the fidelity of copying the genetic message. Mutations: importance in the pathology and evolution.
• Molecular definition of gene.
• The transcription and maturation of RNAs.
• The lac operon as a paradigmatic example of gene regulation in prokaryotes.
• The modulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.
• The genetic code and its characteristics.
• The protein synthesis.
• The chromosomal and molecular bases of inheritance. The concept of the allele. Genotype, phenotype and their interactions.
• The chromosomal maps and the most widespread human genetic diseases.
• Plasma membrane: organization of the phospholipid bilayer, proteins and sugars.
• The mechanisms of transport of small molecules: permeability of the bilayer, channel proteins and carrier proteins, active and passive transport.
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus: membrane and secreted protein synthesis, signal sequences, glycosylation and maturation of proteins in the Golgi. Exocytosis and endocytosis.
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
Lysosomes and peroxisomes .
• Mitochondria.
• General principles of cell communication. Properties of receptors and intracellular generation of messages.
The extracellular matrix: glucosamminoglycans, proteoglycans, structural proteins and adhesive proteins.
• The cytoskeleton: actin and myosin microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules
The phases of the cell cycle and mitosis. The cell cycle control.
Comparison of plant and animal organisms.
• General features of plant cells: size, shape, organization, wall, plastids, vacuole.
• Wall: wall formation, chemical composition of the wall, primary and secondary wall cell wall modifications. Importance of the wall in the control of osmotic pressure (see also the vacuole).
• Plastids: plastids in the meristematic cell, differentiation, forms and interconversion between the plastids, hypothesis on the origin of plastids. The plastids in the adult cell: chloroplasts, leucoplasts, chromoplasts.
• Vacuole: the vacuole in the meristematic cell, differentiation, the vacuole in the adult cell. Importance of the vacuole in the control of osmotic pressure.
Solid and liquid includes of the vacuole.
• Growth and development of plant cells. Characteristics of the meristematic cell and of adult cell.
• The plant tissues.
• Photosynthesis: dark phase and light phase.
• Plant hormones: auxin, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene and abscisic acid.
• Responses of plants to external stimuli, light and temperature

Expected learning objectives

Knowledge and capacity of comprension, critical analysis and lexicon of molecular and cellular biology
At the end of the course the student will acquire the necessary tools to:
1) Understand the principles and methods of molecular and cellular biology
2) Understand the molecular mechanisms of gene expression and function
3) Understand eukaryotic cell organization and function

The course will give the student the first notions concerning the main techniques used in chemical laboratories. After the theoric part will follow some practical exercises in order to deepen the topics and to allow the student to acquire the basic handedness useful in laboratory.

Prerequisites

There are no specific prerequisites although the knowledge of the basic notions of the main chemical reactions and general chemistry are very important. It is however necessary to follow the entire course and then to take the exam to be in compliance with the prerequisites provided for in the study plan.

Didattics Methods

Frontal lessons and laboratory experiences

Other informations

None

Grading rules

A. ongoing evaluation during laboratory lessons.
B. Written test (trou or fals questions, opens questions and problems)
C. Possible oral examination in the case of written test at the sufficient limit

Full arguments

LABORATORY SAFETY
LABORATORY GLASSWARE: use and maintenance.
MEASURES OF WEIGHT: technical and analytical scales.
MEASURES OF VOLUME: calibrated and graduated glasses. Expression of the concentration.
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS: VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
-preparation of standard solutions by weighing and by dilution
-concept of titration (direct and indirect titration)
-standard solutions and primary standards
-determination of the end of a titration: equivalence point, end-point and error tritation
-concept of indicator
-chemical reactions of titrations: acid-base; redox; gravimetric; complexometric.

Expected learning objectives

At the end of the course the student must have acquired the manual to carry out a titration (technique still evaluated in the test for the qualification to practice the profession) and will solve problems of quantitative analysis

The course will give the student the first notions concerning the main techniques used in chemical laboratories. After the theoric part will follow some practical exercises in order to deepen the topics and to allow the student to acquire the basic handedness useful in laboratory.

Prerequisites

There are no specific prerequisites although the knowledge of the basic notions of the main chemical reactions and general chemistry are very important. It is however necessary to follow the entire course and then to take the exam to be in compliance with the prerequisites provided for in the study plan.

Didattics Methods

Frontal lessons and laboratory experiences

Other informations

None

Grading rules

A. ongoing evaluation during laboratory lessons.
B. Written test (trou or fals questions, opens questions and problems)
C. Possible oral examination in the case of written test at the sufficient limit

Full arguments

LABORATORY SAFETY
LABORATORY GLASSWARE: use and maintenance.
MEASURES OF WEIGHT: technical and analytical scales.
MEASURES OF VOLUME: calibrated and graduated glasses. Expression of the concentration.
QUANTITATIVE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS: VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
-preparation of standard solutions by weighing and by dilution
-concept of titration (direct and indirect titration)
-standard solutions and primary standards
-determination of the end of a titration: equivalence point, end-point and error tritation
-concept of indicator
-chemical reactions of titrations: acid-base; redox; gravimetric; complexometric.

Expected learning objectives

At the end of the course the student must have acquired the manual to carry out a titration (technique still evaluated in the test for the qualification to practice the profession) and will solve problems of quantitative analysis

The Course aims at providing the necessary knwoledge to understand: (1) the structure, the function and the structure-function relationship of biological macromolecules amd (2) the metabolism. The core of the course consists on the in depth description and analysis, in different contexts, of major metabolic pathways to develop the capacity to see the metabolism as a highly integrated network with particular attention to regulatory and energetic aspects and to the description of the molecular bases of diseases. Overall, the course aims at developing in the student the capacity to see the effect of a pharmacological intervention on a specific target at the level of the whole cell/organ/organism and to analyze the effects of drug action with critical thinking. Attention is also dedicated to nomenclature and “biochemistry language” seen as a fundamental aspect to develop the essential communication skills to efficiently operates in the highly multidisciplinary field of drug development and distribution and with the general public.

Prerequisites

The knowledge of the basic principles of general biology, phisycal-chemistry, inorganic and organic chemistry is essential. It is therefore highly recommended that the student has passed the exams of General Biology and Inorganic Chemistry and have attended the Course of Organic Chemistry , before taking the course of Biochemistry.

Didattics Methods

Ex-cathedra traditional lectures. During the Course, after a specific topic has been covered by the lectures, a discussion with the students is conducted to allow both the teacher and the students to assess the extend to which the different concepts (and not specific information) have been understood and received always trying to stimulate and develop a critical thinking attitude.

Other informations

NA

Grading rules

Written and oral exams. The written exam is based on four open questions spanning the whole program with two questions specifically addressing the central metabolism. Metabolites chemical formula, enzymatic reactions and regulation of metabolic pathways are invariably requested. Only the students that pass the written exam (i.e. that received a mark equal or higher than 18/30) can proceed to the oral part during which, starting from the questions asked in the written exam, the capacity of the student to link different topics with critical thinking in both pathological and/or physiological states, will be assessed together with the communication skills.

Upon successful completion of the Course, the Students should have acquired both a detailed knowledge of the specific topics taught and a broad view of the metabolism as an highly interconnected and regulated network. The Student’s capacity to independently understand this last concepts in particular and being able to understand possible reactions in response to a stimuli is expected. More in particular each Student will understand: 1) the chemical structure of the main biological macro-molecules; 3) the molecular basis and the effects of the structure-function relationship in biological macro-molecules; 3) the specific enzymatic steps in metabolic pathways; 4) the regulation and its hierarchy in metabolism; 5) how to calculate the energetic balance in metabolism; 6) the interconnection, in particular with respect to regulation, of different metabolic pathways. Finally the Student will develop appropriate terminology. Overall, these capabilities will built the basis for understanding, and better communicate in a highly multidisciplinary context, the complex process of drug discovery and drug action.

This course deals with the functioning of the human body at all levels and introduces the fundamental principles of cell physiology, homeostasis, and control mechanisms in mammals. Covers the basics of human physiology including the cellular functions involved with membrane transport and cell signaling, electrical activity of the cells, muscle contraction as well as the basic functions of human nervous, endocrine, digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory and urinary system

The course aims to provide the basics of cell physiology and the physiology of organs and systems. Students will acquire the knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms associated with the functioning of cells, tissues, organs and apparatus in the human body. They will be able to expose the contents of the course in a logical and comprehensive way, with good mastery of the scientific language, by linking the various topics. They will be able to apply knowledge to pharmacological and technological disciplines in order to understand the action of the drugs and biomolecules

Prerequisites

Fundamentals of anatomy, biology, chemistry and physics.

Didattics Methods

Conventional lectures

Other informations

To gain the exam access , students must have passed the Human Anatomy exam

Grading rules

Learning will be verified through a written exam which will take place in the computer room and will consist of 30 closed questions and an essay question. Multiple choice questions, true / false questions, completion type questions and matching type questions are the most frequent types of test questions. The test is aimed at assessing the acquired knowledge and understanding. The essay question is also aimed verifying student's communicative and expressive skills.Written test evaluation criteria:True / False Questions: 1 point for correct answer; -1 point for wrong answer; 0 points not responding.Multiple choice questions: 1 point for correct answer; - 0.5 points for the wrong answer if the question allows you to choose from three options, -0.33 between four, -0.25 out of five, etc .; 0 points not responding.Open Question: 0-3 points.Question by correspondence: 1 point for correct answer; if the answer is only partially correct, a score <1 will be assigned proportionally to the correct matches; 0 points not responding. If the written exam has been successful (minimum mark: 18/30), students can ask for an oral exam (optional). In this case the final grade will be obtained as the mean of oral and written grade.

Full arguments

Cell physiology: cellular membranes and transmembrane transports. Carriers, pumps and channels. Endocytosis, exocytosis. Membrane potentials and action potentials.
Contraction of skeletal muscle. Excitation of skeletal muscle: neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling. Contraction and excitation of smooth muscle.
The nervous system. General principles and sensory physiology. Organization of the nervous system, functions of synapses. Sensory receptors, neuronal circuits for processing information. Somatic sensations: the tactile and position senses. Pain and thermal sensations. Motor and integrative neurophysiology. The cord reflexes Cortical and brain stem control of motor function. Contributions of the cerebellum and basal ganglia to overall motor control. Cerebral cortex, intellectual functions of the brain, learning and memory. The limbic system and the hypothalamus. The autonomic nervous system and the adrenal medulla.
Cardiac muscle: the heart as a pump and function of the heart muscles. Rhythmical excitatory and conductive system of the heart. The normal electrocardiogram. Cardiac output, venous return, and their regulation. The circulation: pressure, flow, and resistance. Vascular distensibility and functions of the arterial and venous systems. The microcirculation and lymphatic system: capillary fluid exchange, interstitial fluid, and lymph flow Nervous regulation of the circulation, and rapid control of arterial pressure. Blood cells and blood coagulation.
Kidneys: glomerular filtration, renal blood flow, and their control. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Urine concentration and dilution; regulation of extracellular fluid osmolarity and sodium concentration. Renal regulation of potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium; integration of renal mechanisms for control of blood volume and extracellular fluid volume. Acid-base regulation.
Respiration. Pulmonary ventilation. Pulmonary circulation, pleural fluid. Physical principles of gas exchange; diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood and tissue fluids. Regulation of respiration.
Gastrointestinal physiology motility, nervous control, and blood circulation. Propulsion and mixing of food in the alimentary canal. Secretory functions of the alimentary tract. Digestion and absoprtion. Body temperature regulation.
Endocrinology. Pituitary hormones and their control by the hypopthalamus. Thyroid metabolic hormones. Adenocortical hormones. Insulin, glucagon, and diabetes mellitus. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcium and phosphate metabolism, vitamin D.

Expected learning objectives

At the end of the course, the student will acquire basic knowledge of how cells, organs and systems work. The student will then be able to face the molecular, cellular and integrative study of pathology and pharmacology, as it will be able to understand the origin of dysfunction and disease and the rationale of the drug therapies associated with them.

This course deals with the functioning of the human body at all levels and introduces the fundamental principles of cell physiology, homeostasis, and control mechanisms in mammals. Covers the basics of human physiology including the cellular functions involved with membrane transport and cell signaling, electrical activity of the cells, muscle contraction as well as the basic functions of human nervous, endocrine, digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory and urinary system

The course aims to provide the basics of cell physiology and the physiology of organs and systems. Students will acquire the knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms associated with the functioning of cells, tissues, organs and apparatus in the human body. They will be able to expose the contents of the course in a logical and comprehensive way, with good mastery of the scientific language, by linking the various topics. They will be able to apply knowledge to pharmacological and technological disciplines in order to understand the action of the drugs and biomolecules

Prerequisites

Fundamentals of anatomy, biology, chemistry and physics.

Didattics Methods

Conventional lectures

Other informations

To gain the exam access , students must have passed the Human Anatomy exam

Grading rules

Learning will be verified through a written exam which will take place in the computer room and will consist of 30 closed questions and an essay question. Multiple choice questions, true / false questions, completion type questions and matching type questions are the most frequent types of test questions. The test is aimed at assessing the acquired knowledge and understanding. The essay question is also aimed verifying student's communicative and expressive skills.Written test evaluation criteria:True / False Questions: 1 point for correct answer; -1 point for wrong answer; 0 points not responding.Multiple choice questions: 1 point for correct answer; - 0.5 points for the wrong answer if the question allows you to choose from three options, -0.33 between four, -0.25 out of five, etc .; 0 points not responding.Open Question: 0-3 points.Question by correspondence: 1 point for correct answer; if the answer is only partially correct, a score <1 will be assigned proportionally to the correct matches; 0 points not responding. If the written exam has been successful (minimum mark: 18/30), students can ask for an oral exam (optional). In this case the final grade will be obtained as the mean of oral and written grade.

Full arguments

Cell physiology: cellular membranes and transmembrane transports. Carriers, pumps and channels. Endocytosis, exocytosis. Membrane potentials and action potentials.
Contraction of skeletal muscle. Excitation of skeletal muscle: neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling. Contraction and excitation of smooth muscle.
The nervous system. General principles and sensory physiology. Organization of the nervous system, functions of synapses. Sensory receptors, neuronal circuits for processing information. Somatic sensations: the tactile and position senses. Pain and thermal sensations. Motor and integrative neurophysiology. The cord reflexes Cortical and brain stem control of motor function. Contributions of the cerebellum and basal ganglia to overall motor control. Cerebral cortex, intellectual functions of the brain, learning and memory. The limbic system and the hypothalamus. The autonomic nervous system and the adrenal medulla.
Cardiac muscle: the heart as a pump and function of the heart muscles. Rhythmical excitatory and conductive system of the heart. The normal electrocardiogram. Cardiac output, venous return, and their regulation. The circulation: pressure, flow, and resistance. Vascular distensibility and functions of the arterial and venous systems. The microcirculation and lymphatic system: capillary fluid exchange, interstitial fluid, and lymph flow Nervous regulation of the circulation, and rapid control of arterial pressure. Blood cells and blood coagulation.
Kidneys: glomerular filtration, renal blood flow, and their control. Tubular reabsorption and secretion. Urine concentration and dilution; regulation of extracellular fluid osmolarity and sodium concentration. Renal regulation of potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium; integration of renal mechanisms for control of blood volume and extracellular fluid volume. Acid-base regulation.
Respiration. Pulmonary ventilation. Pulmonary circulation, pleural fluid. Physical principles of gas exchange; diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane. Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood and tissue fluids. Regulation of respiration.
Gastrointestinal physiology motility, nervous control, and blood circulation. Propulsion and mixing of food in the alimentary canal. Secretory functions of the alimentary tract. Digestion and absoprtion. Body temperature regulation.
Endocrinology. Pituitary hormones and their control by the hypopthalamus. Thyroid metabolic hormones. Adenocortical hormones. Insulin, glucagon, and diabetes mellitus. Parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, calcium and phosphate metabolism, vitamin D.

Expected learning objectives

At the end of the course, the student will acquire basic knowledge of how cells, organs and systems work. The student will then be able to face the molecular, cellular and integrative study of pathology and pharmacology, as it will be able to understand the origin of dysfunction and disease and the rationale of the drug therapies associated with them.

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Course

Management issues in community and hospital pharmacies + Economic evaluation applied to pharmaceuticals and medical technologies

First part
The Italian health care system and the regulation of the pharmaceutical market.
Second Part
The organisations where pharmacists work: community pharmacies, industry and health care organisations. Management issues. Case-studies on marketing and logistics applied to community pharmacies.
Third part
Economic evaluation of drugs. Theory and applications to case-studies.
Fourth part
Indicators of drugs consumption and expenditure.

The course aims at (i) making students aware of the regulatory context of the community pharmacies and the pharmaceutical companies and of innovation processes in the pharmaceutical industry, (ii) facing management issues in the community pharmacies, (iii) and carrying out drugs comparative analysis from an economic perspective.
The students are also expected to apply knowledge and competences to exercises on economic evaluation of drugs and case-studies on marketing and drugs logistics. Finally students are expected to develop sutonomy and comminucation skills through a groups project.

Prerequisites

None

Didattics Methods

The course is organised in traditional lectures, class discussion of exercises and case-studies. Students are also required to work on a groups project. Topics and organisation of groups project are presented during the first classes.
Students are required to participate fully in class and pull their weight in group work. Group projects will be graded.

Other informations

None

Grading rules

Grading is based on:
• two partial written exams, one during the course or in February 2019 on the topics discussed during the first part of the course; one in June, July and September 2019 on the topics discussed during the second part of the course. Topics included in the first and second parts will be mentioned during the first class of the course (80% of the final grade; 40% each); all topics discussed in class will be included in the written exam and the written exam will include open questions and exercises
• groups project results (20% of the grade). Students are required to prepare a written document (.doc, max 10 pages) and a PowerPoint presentation (max 15 Slides) by the last class, when findings of the projects will be discussed. Both the documents should include a first page with the First Name, Surname and Matricola Number of the group’s members. If the group does not present its work, its members will be not graded (null grading). The organisation of groups project and minimum requirements for its members will be discussed in class;
• if a student does not participate in any group, he/she is required to carry out an individual work agreed with the instructor. His/her work (written document, .doc, max 10 pages) should be delivered when he/she takes the written exam.
Students are invited to consider that:
• the first partial written exam can be carried out only during the course or in February 2019. Since June 2019, students who have not taken the first partial written exam can take only a general written exam on the whole program (80% of grades);
• the second partial written exam can be carried out only in June, July and September 2019. Afterwards students are required to take only the general written exam and all partial grades will be lost;
• groups / individual projects grades (20% of total grade) are forever valid;
• students are not required to pass a partial written exam to get a final grade. However also a grade below 18 will be considered to calculate the weighted final grade;
• before starting the exam, the student should inform the instructor if he / she is willing to carry out the second partial exam or the general written exam;
• students are allowed to repeat the exam in any scheduled date after the date the exam has been taken.

Full arguments

First part
The Italian health care system and regulation of the pharmaceutical market.
The Italian health care systems. Pharmaceutical market. The economics of drugs Research and Development. Patent protection. Pharmaceutical market regulation: Marketing Authorisation, Price and Reimbursement, Distribution, Regional and Local Policies.
Second Part
The organisations where pharmacists work: community pharmacies, industry and health care organisations.
Management issues.
- The organisations and the their functions
- Marketing: theory and case-studies
- Accounting
- Costs analysis
- Logistics and supply chain: theory and case-studies
Third part
Economic evaluation of drugs
Health Technology Assessment. Costs and efficacy/effectiveness: definition and assessment. Economic evaluations and their use in decision-making. Budget impact analysis; exercises on the economic evaluation of drugs
Fourth part
Indicators of drugs consumption and expenditure.

Expected learning objectives

Understanding how the environment may influence the performance of the organisations where a pharmacist is expected to work. Knowing how to be up-to-date on environmental changes.
Applying operational tools to make more effective and efficient a pharmacy and a pharmaceutical company.
Carrying out cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis.
Being able to participate in a group work focused on business cases.

Knowledge of the stereochemistry of organic compounds, especially stereocenters (R/S).identification and analysis of the various stereogenic centers in the molecule
Knowledge of the reactivity and synthesis of functional groups, arenes, heterocycles and natural products.ability to analyze and recognize the various functional groups present in the molecule and to evaluate the reactivity in the various reaction conditions.

Prerequisites

Exam preparatory General and Inorganic Chemistry and Organic Chemistry 1.

Written test with organic chemistry exercises, which will evaluate the knowledge of the reactivity of various functional groups analyzed during the course and the student's ability to apply this knowledge led to the synthesis of target molecules.
Possible oral examination to supplement the written test

The Course is composed of one section (4 CFU) of general Pharmacology, which focuses on the basic principles of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics. Individual variations on drug responses, drug interactions, drug toxicities and abnormal drug responses, as well as general principles of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacovigilance, will be also discussed in this section.The second section (5 CFU) of Pharmacognosy deals, first, with the study of the general aspects of this discipline. The pharmacological properties of some bioactive compounds, derived from natural products found in plants/animals/minerals, will be, then, studied.

Reference texts

idem

Teaching targets

The Course aims to give to the students the principles of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy. To achieve this goal a section (4 CFU) of General Pharmacology, dealing with the basis of drug action, and a section (5 CFU) of Pharmacognosy, dealing with the general principles as well as the specific study of natural bioactive compounds, will be considered.

Prerequisites

We strongly suggest to pass the Biology, Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pathology exams before studying this Course.

Didattics Methods

Lectures will be given throughout the October-January and March-June.Seminars on specific scientific topics will be always organized.

Other informations

The Professor will receive the students for specific questions every day by appointment.

Grading rules

Written exams with quiz and/or open questions with multiple choices will be proposed.Usually, the exams will be scheduled throughout the following three periods: first-28th Feb, 15th June-10th Aug, 20th Aug-30th Sept with at least two call for period. Exceptional calls will be scheduled for students at the last year or repeating students without courses to attend.

The Course is organized in a section (4 CFU) of General Pharmacology and one (5 CFU) of Pharmacognosy. During the Course, the student will acquire specific skills on the application of pharmacological knowledge and develop independent judgment, communication skills, and ability to learn. In the first part of the Course the basis of drug activities will be treated (principles of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics). The factors that determine the variability in drug responses, the drug to drug interactions, the adverse drug reactions, the abnormal reactions to drug delivery, as well as some principles of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacovigilance will be also considered. The second part of the Course will be inherent in the systematic treatment of several natural compounds used in therapy.

The Course aims to give to the students the principles of Pharmacology and Pharmacognosy. To achieve this goal a section (4 CFU) of General Pharmacology, dealing with the basis of drug action, and a section (5 CFU) of Pharmacognosy, dealing with the general principles as well as the specific study of natural bioactive compounds, will be considered.

Prerequisites

We strongly suggest to pass the Biology, Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pathology exams before studying this Course

Didattics Methods

Lectures will be given throughout the October-January and March-June. The students will be constantly stimulated to participate to the lesson with questions and comments in order to ensure the achievement of the goals. Seminars on specific scientific topics will be always organized.

Other informations

The Professor will receive the students for specific questions every day by appointment.

Grading rules

Written exams with open questions with multiple choices will be proposed. There will be the possibility of supplementary oral examinations. The questions will be organized to allow students the achievement of goals.

In order to acquire the minimum level of learning, the student must have enough:
1) knowledge of the pharmacological bases of therapy and the main mechanisms of action underlying drug activity;
2) competence to apply the acquired theoretical knowledge and identify the data and tools necessary for the realization of a project;
3) skills in presentation of results, reading of texts, understanding of specific terminologies.
To acquire the advanced level, the student must be able to:
1) propose new innovative projects and methodologies;
2) interfacing with colleagues of the same or other disciplines;
3) modify the plan of project to achieve the proposals

Modulo A
Subjects of Medicinal Plant’s A module are anatomy, biology, physiology and characterization of superior plants and definition of their secondary metabolites. Systematic characterization of fungi, lichens and ferns.
Module B
Subjects of Medicinal Plant’s B module are:
- botanical description and characterization of main pharmacological relevant angiosperm plants,
- the knowledge of their use in traditional medicine,
- the knowledge of their drugs,
- their drug’s active principles,
- therapeutic and toxicological effects of drug’s active principles and their phamaceutical applications

Module A
The students attending this course learn the fundamentals of general botany and the nomenclature needed for medicinal plants morphological description and classification. Moreover, students will learn the secondary metabolites produced by plants and their tissue/organ accumulation sites, the preparation procedures and the therapeutic properties of drugs.
Module B
At the end of the academic course, students must possess knowledge of principal medicinal plants. They have to demonstrate to have knowledge of their botanical description, classification, use in traditional medicine, drugs, active principles of explained plants, of their biological targets, their pharmacological/toxicological effects and pharmacological applications. Moreover, students must demonstrate to have developed a correct language ability and to use appropriate terminology.

Prerequisites

It is recommended to have passed the examination of Plant Biology

Didattics Methods

Lectures with practical demonstration of botanical samples and computer support: projection of powerpoint slides. Slides will be at students disposition.

Other informations

Lectures

Grading rules

Written or oral exam with open questions, multiple choice questions or questions with syntetic answers. Questions will be focused on all contents explained and concerned during lecturers. To pass exam, students must demonstrate to have knowledge of plant botanical descriptions, their use in traditional medicine, their drugs, their active principles, their pharmacological/toxycological targets and their pharmacological applications. Language and terminology must be appropriate.

Studendts will have knowledge of vegetal biology and of medicinal plants used in the preparation of main commercialized botanicals. Moreover, students will be able to understand applications, side effects and toxicology or interaction of botanical drugs and will be able to select and guide in the choice of most appropriate botanicals.

The R software and its use to represent data and for statistical data analysis.

Reference texts

Reference material is posted on the DIR website

Teaching targets

*Knowledge and understanding
The course aims to enrich the theoretical knowledge of statistics and probability with appropriate calculation data analysis. Aims of the course is also to display the results. The course in based on the free and open source software R.
*Applying knowledge and understanding
Students should be able to use the acquired skills even in multidisciplinary context and they should be able to analyse data and generate professional graphical representations.
*Making judgements.
At the end of the course students are expected to apply R even in different situations and that they have acquired the tools needed to extend their knowledge by themselves.
* Communication skills
At the end of the course students are expected to be able to express their results both numerically and graphically.
* Learning skills.
During the course students should learn how to study by choosing their personal path and should become able to choose the appropriate resources.

Prerequisites

The student should have the basic knowledge of mathematics and statistics

Didattics Methods

Practical lectures are given in the computer lab.

Other informations

Reference material and additional informations are posted on the DIR website
https://www.dir.uniupo.it/enrol/index.php?id=219

Grading rules

Ongoing Quizzes and online Final Examination.
Both count toward the final grade in a ratio 3/7.

The student is expected
-to be able to explain the knowledge acquired also in multidisciplinary field and therefore know how to analyze data and create professional graphic representations.
- to be able to apply the methods learned even in different situations and if required have the tools to extend his knowledge in an autonomous way.
- to acquire the ability to express the results of a data analysis both at a numerical and graphic level.
- to acquire the ability to study and learn by choosing his path with originality and must be able to choose resources, possibly even online, useful for his study.

The aim of this course is to provide the basic knowledge for the identification process of known and unknown compounds of pharmaceutical interest according to Farmacopea Ufficiale Italiana and “European Pharmacopoeia”.

A compulsory written test is required preceding the entrance to the laboratory. The written test will take place in February and will cover all the topics discussed during the theoretical lessons.
In the written test, 30 questions will be asked: many with multiple choice and some with open response.
The student who has received an evaluation in the written test ≥ 18/30 will attend the laboratory and will receive a lab score. The final evaluation will take into account both the marks obtained in the written test and the results of the analyzes carried out during laboratory practice. The final mark will be recorded at the first available call.
The student, who has received an evaluation in the written test ˂18/30, will have the opportunity to hold a second written test in the same month. If the outcome of the second test is still insufficient, the student will be allowed to attend the lab but will have to take a written test and an oral exam.

Sudents must be able to characterize medicinal and officinal plants
Knowledge of material validation controls is required.
Knowledge of second metabolite classes and biosynthesis.
Knowledge of extraction and purification strategies and methods of natural compounds from medicinal plants. Moreover, stundents must be able to theoretically and manage indipendently choose the most appropriate technique.
Knowledge of main phytochemical analytical instruments.
Knowlende of main pharmaceutical preparation based on medicinal and officinal plants.
Use correct terminology and appropriate language.
Be able to prepare correctly phytochemical and botanical products. Be able to recognise good quality botanical products.

Prerequisites

Good knowledge of medicinal plants, physiology, both human and vegetal biology and organic chemistry planned in the didactical rules

Didattics Methods

Lectures with computer and video supporting: projection of powerpoint slides. Exercises. The slides are present on the site in advance of the start of the courses. Presentation of the practical part in order to introduce students to what will be the experiences that they will be addressed in the laboratory and what are the main instruments that they will use. Practical laboratory with the execution of three processes explained during lessons.

Grading rules

Written or oral exam with open questions, multiple choice questions or questions with syntetic answers and exercises of mother tincture preparation and mass spectroscopy, biosythesis structures, phytochemical screening reactants and structures. Questions will be focused on all contents explained and concerned during lecturers. To pass exam, students must demonstrate to have knowledge definition and characterization of medicinal and officinal plants, of required material validation controls, of second metabolite classes, their biosynthesis and chemistry.
Knowledge of extraction and purification strategies and methods of natural compounds from medicinal plants. Moreover, stundents must be able to theoretically and manage indipendently choose the most appropriate technique.
Knowledge of main phytochemical analytical instruments amd their application.
Knowlende of main pharmaceutical preparation based on medicinal and officinal plants.
Use correct terminology and appropriate language.

Students will have knowledge of medicinal plants and secondary metabolites used in main commercialized botanicals, they will be able to decide witch extraction and purification strategies and methods to obtain natural compounds from medicinal plants, to prepare botanicals and to store products in adeguate conditions. Moreover, stundents will be able to recognise good quality products and will have knowledge of plants used for the industrial extraction and production of pharmaceutical drugs.

The timeline of the discoveries and advancements in Molecular Biology
Organization, structure and evolution of genes, chromosomes and genomes
Replication and maintenance of the genome
Transcription and its regulation
RNA processing and maturation
Translation and its regulation
Genomic alterations, epigenetic and post-translational modifications
Approaches, techniques and models in Molecular Biology

The “Molecular Biology” course describes, at the molecular level, the main biological phenomena taking place inside the cell, through the in depth study of DNA, RNA, proteins, and other macromolecules involved in genetic information transmission, expression and integration. A special emphasis will be given to the description of molecular techniques currently used in the molecular biology field, as well as of selected well established model systems. Overall, the course aims at boosting the Student’s capability of carry out an integrated analysis of multiple aspects of the biology of the cell, in physiologic and pathologic conditions

Prerequisites

An adequate knowledge of the eukaryotic cell biology and protein biochemistry is required.

The course is composed of two parts.
The first part is focused on the microbiological control of pharmaceutical products. In particular:
• Sterilization and sterility assurance of pharmaceutical products
• Assays and methods for the microbiological evaluation of pharmaceutical products
• Sampling and analysis of pharmaceutical environments to minimize microbial survival.
• Microbiological and physical/chemical characteristics of drinking water and of water for pharmaceutical purposes
• Pyrogens and endotoxin testing in injectable products
The second part is dedicated to the industrial microbiology. In particular, the following topics will be addressed:
• The fermentation processes: measures and regulation, culture media and raw materials
• Isolation and selection of industrially relevant microorganisms
• Methods for the production of microbial metabolites
• Kinetic of microbiological processes and evaluation of microbial growth
• Recovery of fermentation products (downstream)
• Microbial biomass

The course aims to provide students with a theoretical overview of the main methods currently used in the microbiological quality control of pharmaceutical products. Moreover, the knowledge of the fundamental aspects of applied microbiology related to the microbial fermentation systems and recovery of the end-products will be acquired.
In particular, at the end of the course the students will acquire expertise related to different aspects of the Applied Microbiology, including:
- Methods currently used for the microbiological control of pharmaceutical products and skills in the critical analysis of results;
- Strategies and procedures for a correct production process of drugs from a microbiological point of view;
- Selection, characterization and use of microorganisms for industrial and production processes;
- Methodologies and technologies for the optimization of fermentation processes.
Objective of the course will also be to stimulate the critical spirit of the students by analyzing topical issues and curent events related to the applied microbiology, and by reading and commenting on scientific articles.

Prerequisites

Skills about the structure and function of the prokaryotic cell, the microbial metabolism, the methods of cultivation and quantification of microbial cultures. This knowledge is provided by the General Microbiology teaching that takes place during the first year.

Didattics Methods

The course consists of frontal lessons supported by the projection of slides show. Some topics will be deepened with videos in English and Italian. Topics of particular interest and relevance will be examined with the critical reading and commentary in the classroom of scientific publications.
At the end of each part of the course, exercises and group (in the classroom) or individual work (to be done at home) such as the case study will be conducted

Other informations

The slides of the lectures and supplementary material are available on the website “Didattica in Rete”: https://www.dir.uniupo.it/

Grading rules

DESCRIPTION
Written exam with 3 open questions and 6 multiple-choice quiz. The first two questions will be equally distributed on the two main topics of the course. In particular, they will be aimed at evaluating the knowledge and concepts acquired by the students respectively in the microbiological control of pharmaceutical products and in the industrial microbiology.
The ability to apply such knowledge will be assessed through the resolution of a question in which the students will have to critically select and describe which technologies and/or methodologies commonly used in one of the two fields are necessary to solve a technical/diagnostic problem.
Multiple choice questions will be distributed as follows:
3 on the topic of pharmaceutical microbiology
3 on the topic of industrial microbiology
They may be of the following types:
- Multiple choice question (with only one true answer)
- True/false questions
- Short problems on the calculation of colony forming units (CFU/mL) and preparation of solutions for microbiology.
EVALUATION METHOD
The score attributed to each question will be specified in the exam text.
Questions related to knowledge and concepts: 10 points each
Technical/diagnostic application: 6 points
Multiple choice questions: 1 point each for a total of 6 points
The final mark will be given by the sum of the scores of each question. Maximum total score 32 points. The achievement of 31 points will result in 30 cum laude.
Open questions or multiple choice questions that are not answered or are wrong will be assigned a score of 0.
The ability to answer to open questions using an appropriate technical-scientific language will also be evaluated.
AVAILABLE TIME : 70 minutes

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: the student will acquire knowledge and understanding about the applications of the methods used in the areas of pharmaceutical and industrial microbiology. In particular, the student will achieve the theoretical knowledge to evaluate the microbiological characteristics of non-sterile pharmaceutical preparations, to detect and quantify the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in such products, to ensure the sterility and quantify the presence of bacterial endotoxins in sterile preparations, to evaluate the hygienic requirements of pharmaceutical environments. In addition, the student will be aware of the main technologies used for microbial fermentation in bioreactors. In particular, the main types of bioreactors will be described, as well as the control systems of the fermentation process, the different techniques of immobilization of microbial cells, the isolation of the fermentation products and the main types of biomasses. Particular attention will be paid to deepening the biological aspects of fermentation processes. In this regard, the student will acquire knowledge about the methods of isolation and selection of microorganisms of industrial interest, the use of renewable growth substrates, the kinetics and quantification of microbial growth in the industrial field.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: the students will be provided with a theoretical framework and with the tools for the application of the main microbiological methods and processes currently used in the pharmaceutical and industrial sectors, to achieve the ability to critically select the technologies and the methodologies described in the two areas and to develop and deepen further skills in the microbiological field.
MAKING JUDGEMENTS, COMMUNICATION AND LEARNING SKILLS: At the end of the course, the students must demonstrate autonomy of judgment, the ability to analyze operational problems and to take appropriate corrective measures in the pharmaceutical and industrial microbiological fields and to have acquired skills related to verbal and written communication through the use of an appropriate technical-scientific language.

Acquire and understand the etiological bases and pathological mechanisms that drive the development of diseases through the study of cell adaptation mechanisms, damage and death, immune responses (innate and acquired) and immunopathology. To acquire specific knowledge on the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, tumor microenvironment and tumor infiltrate, cancer immunotherapy, chronic inflammatory diseases, primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, auto-inflammatory diseases, metabolic syndromes, hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, haemostasis and hemorrhagic disorders. Develop critical judgment on the subject, logically linking concepts and knowledge to each other. Combine the ability to learn with the ability to discuss the topics in a clear and fluent manner, using the appropriate terminology.

Prerequisites

Exam preparatory Biology animal and plant
It is advisable to have already followed the physiology course

Didattics Methods

Traditional: lectures and seminars

Other informations

The first two modules will be provided by Dr. Chiara Porta

Grading rules

Written and oral exam. The written exam consists of a multiple choice test. The test consists of about 50 questions related to the topics reported in the program followed by 3-4 response options. The student has 1 hour to complete the written exam. Those who correctly answer at least 70% of the questions (no negative scores are attributed to wrong answers) can access the oral test that takes place on the same day and consists of open questions aimed at assessing the understanding of the subject combined with critical and popular skills. Two exam sessions are set during the months of February, June-July and September.

Learning and understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diseases and the medical terminology used to describe them. Ability to disseminate the acquired knowledge by using the specific terminology. Application of the acquired knowledge in order to 1) understand the therapeutic effects of the pharmacological approaches addressed by the subsequent study courses, 2) read the literature in an independent and critical way 3) identify new potential therapeutic targets

The aim of module A is to introduce the student to the main principles of medicinal chemistry, while module B aims at describing the main drugs used in chemotherapy and integrates with the next course in Medicinal Chemistry 2 for the discussion of the other classes of drugs.
The specific objectives of the course, according to the Dublino descriptors, are the following:
1. Knowledge and understanding. At the end of the course the student will know and understand the basic concepts of medicinal chemistry, in particular the route followed by the drug in the organism, from its administration to its excretion (pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic phases). Moreover, the itinerary of the drug in the pharmaceutical industry, from drug discovery to drug development through drug design, will be addressed. The student will also know and understand the main drugs used in chemotherapy.
2. The student will apply the acquired knowledge and understanding in the recognition of the chemical structures, in the discussion of the chemical and chemico-physical properties, of the mechanism of action, of the structure-activity relationship, of the metabolic fate and of the plausible routes for the synthesis of drugs.
3. The student will acquire the ability to identify and use data to formulate responses to well-defined concrete and abstract problems regarding the structure-activity relationship, the metabolism, the related toxicity, the synthesis, the drug-drug interaction for specific cases of drugs. Moreover, the student will be provided with all the tools necessary for the critical analysis of texts and papers in the medicinal chemistry literature.
4. The student will learn to communicate about his/her understanding, to describe, even in an original way, a topic described during lessons, to adequately answer to questions, critiques and suggestions.
5. The student will have the learning skills to handle in a dinamic way his/her knowledge in medicinal chemistry with some autonomy.

Prerequisites

In order to give the exam in Medicinal Chemistry I it is necessary that the student has passed the exam in Organic Chemistry II.
Good knowledge in general biology, biochemistry, general pharmacology and human physiology is strongly recomended.

Didattics Methods

The course is given with the support of slides, which are given to the students at the beginning of the lessons.
General and specific topics will be introduced, basic concepts will be provided for the understanding of each issue, and discussions with the students will be held. It will be explained how to acquire the competences needed to predict the chemical and physico-chemical properties of drugs starting from their structures, to identify the structural elements necessary for their mechanism of action and to recognize alert groups that can lead to toxicological problems. At the end of module A practical exercises will be solved in order to prepare the students to the exam.

Grading rules

Module A
The exam consists in a written test displaying 15 questions. 10 questions are general and cover the program of the course. 5 questions are exercises regarding a drug molecule whose structure is given by the professor. These exercises consist in the identification of acid and basic centers, stereogenic centers, intermolecular interactions, possible metabolism reactions, etc.
In order to get a sufficient evaluation, the student needs to answer correctly to 9 questions over the 15 given.
Module B
The exam consists in a written test displaying 3 questions and in an oral discussion. The exam aims at verifying both the knowledge on the contents of the course and the ability to apply this knowledge to specific cases of drugs used in chemotherapy. The student has to demonstrate to be able to recognize a chemotherapy drug from its structure, to identify the functional groups, the acid, basic and stereogenic centers, the plausible reactions of metabolism, the routes for its preparation, etc.
Through these tests, it will be verified that the student has achieved the objectives of knowledge and understanding of the contents of the course, the ability to communicate these concepts in a clear and correct manner and the competence to apply the acquired knowledge and skills to specific concerns regarding the medicinal chemistry of the different classes of drugs.
In order to get a sufficient evaluation, the student needs to answer correctly to 2 questions over the 3 given

The student at the end of the course will know the basic principles of medicinal chemistry, both in pharmacodinamics and pharmacokinetics. These aspects will be fundamental in order to follow the module B and the Medicinal Chemistry II course. Furthermore, he/she will be able to apply these principles to a specific bioactive molecule and to evaluate its chemical ,metabolic and drug-likeness properties. The student will also know the role of medicinal chemistry in drug discovery and in drug design and the strategies that can be used in order to improve the pharmacodinamic and pharmacokinetic properties of a bioactive molecule.

The course aims to provide basic knowledge concerning) i) the chemical composition and nutritional value of the food and ii) knowledge on chemistry and usefulness of the main food additives, processing aids and flavorings. Moreover, the course will take into account iii) the main contaminants (natural and induced by technology) and residues (veterinary drugs/pesticides) in foods also describing their chemical structures, toxicological aspects and the "food risk" correlated to their presence in diet. Another aim will be to transfer a general basic knowledge on the regulatory framework in food and nutrition area.
Particular emphasis will be given to the description of the main bioactive compounds in "functional foods” and ingredients used also for the formulation of dietary supplements and "nutraceuticals", in order to provide the student a broad knowledge in the field.
The knowledge gained from the course will be useful to the student in Pharmacy to manage the foods, food supplements and the "diet products" in Pharmacy, and to suggest correct nutritional information to the customer who uses them, showing autonomy in judgement and capacity to disseminate the key information.

Prerequisites

Although no official prerequisites are required, we recommend the acquisition of knowledge about the courses of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, fundamental for the understanding of Food Products lessons.

Didattics Methods

The teaching method used provides ex-cathedra lectures given by the teacher, complemented by class discussion of cases study. The discussion of selected case studies is finalized to improve the capacity to critically understand the arguments correlated to the course, permitting to the student to acquire in autonomy the knowledge, object of the course. Specific seminars could be organized in cooperation with external Teachers and experts in the field.

Other informations

Considering the complexity of the theme (that require preliminary knowledge about organic chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology) and considering the key impact of this knowledge in Pharmacy area, in order to improve the learning level quality the teacher will try to recall the principal concepts useful to understand the course, hoping to establish an interactive approach with the class. The course takes time to study in addition to the lessons, in order to improve the capacity to manage this field deepening the topics.

Grading rules

The assessment of the learning is based on the elaboration of a written Test that includes:
1. writing of structural formulas of the compounds considered during the course (the list of the structure to be known can be downloaded from the Department's website)
2. open questions, that relate to topics covered and
3. some multiple choice questions.
The first part (structural formulas) will permit the evaluation of the degree of knowledge about the “chemistry” of the foods considered in this course, moreover the drafting of the “open questions” will permit the evaluation of the general knowledge about the field. Finally, the reply to the last two questions (multiple choice) will permit the evaluation of the deepening of the study performed by the student.
The overcoming of the first part of the written Test (4 out of 6 formulas must to be exact) will be considered to gain access to parts 2 and 3 of the Test and, therefore, to reach the evaluation of the same.
The Test schedule is posted on the Department's website.

At the end of the course the student must demonstrate the acquisition of basic knowledge, as well as specific and advanced knowledge relating to the composition of foods, the basic principles of their production, the relative regulatory framework. Furthermore, it will have to demonstrate a deep knowledge about the use of food additives, enzymes and flavorings, as well as to know the main food contaminants. The student will be able to plan the formulation of a food product (food or food supplement), as well as manage the labeling of the same, possibly advising the use of a particular food to an intolerant/allergic subject, or to people subject to a particular diet. Finally, the student must possess the knowledge necessary to define the nutritional and caloric profile of a food/food supplement, in addition to the other teachings followed in the food area.
The student must know how to expose the topics with appropriate technical language, interfacing with other professional figures (medical doctors, dieticians, pharmaceutical and food technologists).

Foods for particular nutritional uses e new service in pharmacy
The course will be divided into three main parts:
- General knowledge of nutrition (first part)
- Foods for particular nutritional uses, dietary foods for special medical purposes and infant formula (second part)
- Law n° 69/2009: indication of new services in Pharmacy. Seminars and practical tests (third part)

The course intends to train, in the future pharmacist, the ability to respond in a clear manner and scientifically valid to the new services in pharmacy (e.g blood tests, blood pressure check, etc.).
The student should demonstrate that has acquired the knowledge regarding health and nutrition, foods and nutrients.

Frontal teaching and, if possible, seminars in accordance with the major companies in the sector "point of care testing" will be organized.

Other informations

No information

Grading rules

The final examination consists in a written test divided into two sections (from 90 up to 120 minutes to complete all sections):
1) Nutrition and foods for particular nutritional uses: 27 questions (7 multiple choice questions and 20 essay questions)
2) New services in pharmacies: 3 essay questions.
This type of examination confirms the knowledge in particular of the new services in pharmacies.
The scores will also be indicated for each question. Points are not deducted for incorrect answers.
To pass the written test, students must obtain at least 18/30.

The R software and its use to represent data and for statistical data analysis.

Reference texts

Reference material is posted on the DIR website

Teaching targets

*Knowledge and understanding
The course aims to enrich the theoretical knowledge of statistics and probability with appropriate calculation data analysis. Aims of the course is also to display the results. The course in based on the free and open source software R.
*Applying knowledge and understanding
Students should be able to use the acquired skills even in multidisciplinary context and they should be able to analyse data and generate professional graphical representations.
*Making judgements.
At the end of the course students are expected to apply R even in different situations and that they have acquired the tools needed to extend their knowledge by themselves.
* Communication skills
At the end of the course students are expected to be able to express their results both numerically and graphically.
* Learning skills.
During the course students should learn how to study by choosing their personal path and should become able to choose the appropriate resources.

Prerequisites

The student should have the basic knowledge of mathematics and statistics

Didattics Methods

Practical lectures are given in the computer lab.

Other informations

Reference material and additional informations are posted on the DIR website
https://www.dir.uniupo.it/enrol/index.php?id=219

Grading rules

Ongoing Quizzes and online Final Examination.
Both count toward the final grade in a ratio 3/7.

The student is expected
-to be able to explain the knowledge acquired also in multidisciplinary field and therefore know how to analyze data and create professional graphic representations.
- to be able to apply the methods learned even in different situations and if required have the tools to extend his knowledge in an autonomous way.
- to acquire the ability to express the results of a data analysis both at a numerical and graphic level.
- to acquire the ability to study and learn by choosing his path with originality and must be able to choose resources, possibly even online, useful for his study.

Slides and material used in the course, provided by the Teacher. Web sites (EFSA, Italian Health Ministry, EU) .

Teaching targets

The course aims to complete the skills related to the knowledge in Food Area. The themes correlated to the bioactivity of natural compounds from foods, especially those already used in the formulation of food supplements and functional foods, the regulatory framework regarding these products, the “claims” of food and food supplements as well as the botanicals criticisms will be the core subject of the Course. Some case studies (from EFSA data base) and some labels will be discussed in class, in order to improve the knowledge of students in this area.

Prerequisites

We recommend the acquisition of knowledge about the courses of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Food Products, Products for particular nutrition and new services in Pharmacy.

Didattics Methods

The teaching method used provides ex-cathedra lectures given by the teacher, complemented by class discussion of cases study and by the discussion of some labels of food/food supplements. The discussion of selected case studies is finalized to improve the capacity to understand the themes correlated to the labelling and the drafting of claims, exploiting a critical approach. Specific seminars could be organized in cooperation with external Teachers and experts in the field.

Other informations

Considering the complexity of the theme as well as the high interest of industry (or regulatory board) towards this field, the teacher will try to discuss deeply the case studies, discussing the most critical sides of the themes in an interactive way with the class. Questions or suggestions by the students will be welcomed, in order to deeply discuss together the case studies. The course takes time to study in addition to the lessons, in order to improve the capacity to manage this field deepening the topics.

Grading rules

The assessment of the learning is based on the elaboration of a written Test that includes:
1. some multiple choice questions.
2. open questions, that relate to topics covered
3. discussion of one label of food supplement/food.

Full arguments

Regulatory framework in Europe and Italy (food supplements, botanicals, novel foods, food enriched with vitamins and minerals, labelling, nutritional and health claims)
Definition of the bioactivity of some compounds (also those obtained from wastes/by-products and biomasses), useful to design and formulate new ingredients, foods (included food for particuar use), functional foods or food supplements.
Discussion of some nutraceutical- and nutrigenomic-based studies. Examples of bioactive compounds from plants, fungi, animal, microalgae, prebiotics and probiotics.
Botanicals and regulatory framework. Classificaton of food supplementes (discussion about different classes for different health targets). Exemples of health claims and claims for botanicals (case studies). Examples of labelling and criticisms.
Discussion about sustainable alternative techniques for the estraction/fractionation/sanitization; formulation strategies (e.g. microencapsulation).
Bioavailability and test for its measurement (in vitro, in vivo methods).
Food and ingredient design: new strategies for the calory reduction, reduction of sucrose, reduction of salt, reductio of lipids. Valorization of “new ingredients”.
Functional foods and enriched foods: esamples of labelling and discussion of some claims.

Expected learning objectives

At the end of the course, the student must demonstrate the acquisition of advanced and specific knowledge on functional foods, novel foods, botanicals and food supplements.
He will also know in detail the regulatory framework related to labeling, food supplements, enriched foods and botanicals, at national and European level. Finally, the student will be able to manage the labeling and the understanding of the nutritional and health claims, to complete the concepts related to the classes followed in the “food” area.

Teaching deepens the routes of administration of veterinary medicine in relation to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of animals. Conventional-release dosage forms and modified-release dosage forms to improve compliance are valuated. Knowledge about Italian and European legislation will be expanded.

Teaching deepens knowledge and facilitates the understanding of the formulation of veterinary drugs. It explains the need for the development of specific pharmaceutical dosage forms, depending on of anatomical and physiological differences that may alter the bioavailability of the medicinal products in the various species. Italian and European legislation are deepened from distribution to public sell.

Prerequisites

We recommend a good knowledge of previous year courses.

Didattics Methods

Classes are held in the II period with lectures

Other informations

External specialists can supplement lessons with seminars

Grading rules

Valuation of teaching will written with open questions or/and oral throughout the program, according to the schedule established annually

Full arguments

Route of administration of veterinary drugs. Species-specificity of the veterinary medicinal product. Anatomical and physiological differences between monogastric and polygastric species, carnivores, omnivores and herbivores. Conventional dosage forms for oral use, intraruminal devices, intramammary preparations, conventional and modified release of injectable preparations, medicines for cutaneous application and transdermal patches. DLvo 193/2006 and European law. Knowledge will be extended to legislation on veterinary medicines for DPA and non DPA animals.

Expected learning objectives

The student will know how to apply the acquired knowledge of veterinary medicines, including the importance of anatomical and physiological differences that may alter the bioavailability of medicines in the different species. It will also know how to apply the acquired knowledge and understand the importance of the veterinary drug in the pharmacy taking into account Italian and Community legislation.

The course of CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY for students of the 4th year PHARMACY aims to address the principles and characteristics of the basic methodologies used in a laboratory of clinical biochemistry. More in detail:
• Introduction to Clinical Biochemistry.
• Principles and characteristics of the principal methods used for analysis in a clinical biochemistry laboratory.
• Electrophoretic techniques
• Immunological techniques and radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassays tests.
With an approach to clinical cases analysis, the following topics will be discussed:
• Adjusting the metabolism of energy substrates.
• Glycogen metabolism and glucose homeostasis in the blood.
• Digestion and transport of lipids assumed in the diet.
• Intestinal absorption, synthesis, metabolism and fate of cholesterol.
• Metabolism of carbohydrate and lipids in physiological and pathological conditions.
• Action of hormones that regulate energy metabolism.
• Plasma proteins
• Serum cardiac enzymes in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
• Liver function test and high liver enzymes.
• Renal function.
• Hemoglobinopathies.
• Porphyria.
• Tumour Markers.
• Monothematic courses: tuberculosis, malaria, virus.

The course aims to deepen the knowledge of basic biochemistry topics framing them in a medical-health perspective. In addition, for the main clinical biochemistry analysis, the application and interpretation of the results will be deeply described. Also it will be encouraged the research of most recent data published in scientific journals of international importance to deepen all the studied arguments using the scientific web-search "PubMed".

Prerequisites

None.
However, it will be required a good preparation in biochemistry

Didattics Methods

ex-cathedra traditional lectures

Grading rules

During the oral exam will be assessed the student's ability to link different topics, including the overall logic of the metabolism with a point of view medical health. In addition, it will be assessed the ability to describe the principles, applications and interpretation of the main clinical biochemistry analysis results.

The students,at the end of the course, will have a comprehensive view of the central metabolism and the contact points tar the different biosynthetic pathways. In addition, they will be able to evaluate the causes and effects of variation, in both blood and urinary concentrations, of different metabolites.

The course of STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY is delivered to students of the 3th and 4th of both PHARMACY that of CTF as credit free. The course aims to give the student the knowledge of the fundamental principles of bio-crystallography with emphasis on the potential and limitations.
• Structural classification and analysis of protein structures.
• Knowledge of the structure-function relationships in the series of protein treated in the course.
• Critical analysis of a protein structure determined by X-ray crystallography
• Analysis structures capabilities and extraction of structural information

The course aims to provide knowledge on bio-crystallography basic principles, with emphasis on the potentials and limitations. It will also give at the student fundamental knowledge on the classification at the structural level of same enzymes and the analysis of protein structures. Knowledge of the structure-function relationships in the series of protein treated in the course. Capacity for critical analysis of a specific X-ray 3D structure to extract information about protein activity. Also it will be encouraged the research of most recent data published in scientific journals of international importance to deepen all the studied arguments using the scientific web-search "PubMed".

Prerequisites

None.
However, it will be required a good preparation in biochemistry.

Didattics Methods

ex-cathedra traditional lectures

Grading rules

Oral exams.
The oral exam will be assessed the student's ability to read and interpret a scientific article about the crystallographic structure of a protein. It will also assess knowledge of the basic principles of protein crystallography.

At the end of the course, the students will be able to read in a critical way, scientific literature regarding the relationsheep between structure-function of a protein, in particularly of enzymes. In addition, the students will be able to analyze specific enzymes interactions with their ligands, by displaying them on specific programs of graphics.

The course focuses on the description of the regulatory principles that regulate the testing and registration of equivalent drugs of molecules produced by chemical synthesis (generic) and those produced by biotechnological procedures (biosimilars). Pharmacoeconomic aspects are also addressed with a view to the sustainability of the National Health Service. The students are also provided with hints on the new frontiers of therapy such as cellular and gene therapies, and how access to these therapies is linked to an adequate use of generics and biosimilar medicines.

Reference texts

Students are oriented toward the consultation of official sources i.e. EMA or AIFA and of the scientific literature concerning the topic covered by the course.

Teaching targets

To provide the student with knowledge and methodological tools to understand the value of the drug even beyond the clinical impact, in view of the sustainability of the National Health Service

Prerequisites

None. It is strongly suggested that the student has already positively performed the following courses: Biochemistry, Physiology, Pathology, Biology, Anatomy, as well as all the Pharmacology classes included in the study plan

Didattics Methods

The course contents will be transmitted through oral presentations supported by explanatory multimedia about the different topics included in the program. It will be stimulated the active participation of the student through the recall of concepts already addressed in other courses, which relate to various aspects of the drug and its economical value.

Other informations

None

Grading rules

Written test.The student will be asked to produce a short essay that deals with a topic chosen in a group of 10 themes proposed at the end of the course

Ideally, at the end of the course the student has to know the pharmaco-therapeutical approach to the different pathologies, and has be able to give advices to patients and to develop control capabilities. Finally, he/she should have enough skills to follow the continuous evolution of pharmacology and pharmacotherapy.

Pharmacology and pharmacotherapy
Principles of general pharmacology. The concept of neurotransmission, and compounds acting at synaptic and junctional level. Neuropsychopharmacology. Anesthetics and analgesics. Autacoids and therapy of inflammation. Cardiovascular and renal pharmacology. Drugs for the gastroenteric and respiratory systems. Endocrine pharmacology; pharmacology of metabolic diseases. Hematological drugs.
Chemotherapy
The course focuses on the description of the major therapeutic class used in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases .

Pharmacology and pharmacotherapy
The aim of this course is to help the student to understand the general mechanisms involved in the relationships between the drug and the organism, and the action of the drugs in different pathologies.
Chemotherapy
The goal of the course is to provide basic knowledge on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic and clinical aspects of molecules used to treat oncological and infectious diseases, providing also the critical tools for understanding the therapeutic decisions.

Prerequisites

None. It is strongly suggested that the student has already positively performed the following courses: Biochemistry, Physiology, Pathology, Biology, Anatomy

Didattics Methods

Pharmacology and pharmacotherapy
Frontal classes. It will be stimulated the active participation of the student through the recall of concepts already addressed in other courses, which relate to various aspects of the drug and the disease.
Chemioterapy
The course contents will be transmitted through oral presentations supported by explanatory multimedia about the different topics included in the program. It will be stimulated the active participation of the student through the recall of concepts already addressed in other courses, which relate to various aspects of the drug and the disease.

Other informations

For February and September sessions it is possible to take the exam on only one of the two available dates

Grading rules

Oral examination.
Oral examination is performed by asking to the student some questions related to topics indicated in the course programme and given during the specific classes. To obtain positive results, the student must show a sufficient level of knowledge and of associative capabilities related to the different arguments; he/she must show that he understood and knows the critical concepts of the various topics. Greater levels of knowledge together with a demontrated capability of application of this background to the practice leads to an evalutation superior to that required for the minimal score. To obtain a high level of evaluation the student has to be able to utilize his/her knowledge to debate deeply some of the critical aspects of the different topics.

Ideally, at the end of the course the student has to know the pharmaco-therapeutical approach to the different pathologies, and has be able to give advices to patients and to develop control capabilities. Finally, he/she should have enough skills to follow the continuous evolution of pharmacology and pharmacotherapy.

The course deals with the chemistry of multicomponent reactions and their use particularly in the field of medicinal chemistry. In particular during the course various multicomponent reactions will be analyzed both according to their reaction mechanism and the possibility of expanding their utility via targeted synthetic strategies. Examples of compounds obtained via multicomponent reaction which show biological activity will be also discussed

Reference texts

Lecture notes

Teaching targets

The goals of the course of Multicomponent reactions are :
to provide to the students the knowledge about the classical multicomponent reactions discovered to date and to define the general strategies for the discovery of new multicomponent reactions. At the end of the course, the student will be able to recognize and evaluate the possibility to use a multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of a certain molecular scaffold. The course allows to the student to read, in a critical manner, books and scientific articles based on multicomponent reactions.

Didattics Methods

Traditional theoretical lessons, compulsory attendance

Grading rules

Oral discussion on a scientific paper previously provided to the student.

By the end of the course, the student should have a good understanding of the aspects dealing with the mode of action of drugs. During the course will be dealed the principal drug families: their structure-activity relationships, therapeutical utilization, and their related metabolic and chemical-toxicological aspects should be known by the students.

Prerequisites

Exam preparatory Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1
Course teaching is based on the assumption that students have previous knowledge from basal courses in organic chemistry and biochemistry.

Didattics Methods

During the lessons will be treated all the different drugs classes with the structures and the relative mechanism of action; moreover the main aspects of the metabolic fate of the drugs were treated highlighting in particular the formation of reactive and toxic species.

Grading rules

The learning assessment consists of a written test (1.5 hour) and oral examination. The written test consists of 17 questions (1.6 points each) plus an open question for which the maximum possible score is 4 points. In the questions, the structural formula, the mechanism of action and the therapeutic use of the drugs are generally required. Where applicable, the metabolic pathways of the drugs, in particular those involved in the appearance of adverse effects, may also be required. In the open question, referring to a class of drugs, or part of it, the student is required to deal comprehensively the topic, highlighting all aspects of the drugs including the structural formulas, the mechanisms of action, the therapeutic use, SAR and the metabolism. The oral part can be accessed only if the score of the written test is greater than 17. The oral part, which relates to the whole program, aims to highlight the student's ability to present the required topic in a concise and appropriate manner while using the correct terminology.

At the end of the course the student will know the structures, the mechanism of action and the structure-activity relationship of the classes of drugs included in the program. In addition, the student will also know the aspects related to the metabolism of drugs, with particular regard to the cases in which it is associated with the adverse effects.

The course provide the basic knowledge of the main raw material of cosmetic interest, the most important cosmetic forms, with attention to the different categories of cosmetics and stability controls of the finished products. Any aspects of the labeling and safety of use are examined.

The R software and its use to represent data and for statistical data analysis.

Reference texts

Reference material is posted on the DIR website

Teaching targets

*Knowledge and understanding
The course aims to enrich the theoretical knowledge of statistics and probability with appropriate calculation data analysis. Aims of the course is also to display the results. The course in based on the free and open source software R.
*Applying knowledge and understanding
Students should be able to use the acquired skills even in multidisciplinary context and they should be able to analyse data and generate professional graphical representations.
*Making judgements.
At the end of the course students are expected to apply R even in different situations and that they have acquired the tools needed to extend their knowledge by themselves.
* Communication skills
At the end of the course students are expected to be able to express their results both numerically and graphically.
* Learning skills.
During the course students should learn how to study by choosing their personal path and should become able to choose the appropriate resources.

Prerequisites

The student should have the basic knowledge of mathematics and statistics

Didattics Methods

Practical lectures are given in the computer lab.

Other informations

Reference material and additional informations are posted on the DIR website
https://www.dir.uniupo.it/enrol/index.php?id=219

Grading rules

Ongoing Quizzes and online Final Examination.
Both count toward the final grade in a ratio 3/7.

The student is expected
-to be able to explain the knowledge acquired also in multidisciplinary field and therefore know how to analyze data and create professional graphic representations.
- to be able to apply the methods learned even in different situations and if required have the tools to extend his knowledge in an autonomous way.
- to acquire the ability to express the results of a data analysis both at a numerical and graphic level.
- to acquire the ability to study and learn by choosing his path with originality and must be able to choose resources, possibly even online, useful for his study.

The course provides understanding on the mechanisms of action involved in chemical, physical and biological agents negative effects on living organisms. These information lead to determine the toxicity grade, margin of safety of agents and to assess the risk of human exposure.

The basic principles of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics that account for natural and synthetic xenobiotic toxic effects with special attention to drugs. Methodologies used to assess the risk of toxic substance exposure.

Prerequisites

It is recommended to have passed the examinations of anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology and pharmacognosy.

Didattics Methods

Lectures with computer support: projection of power point slides.

Other informations

Slides and all other materials will be at students disposition on DIR platform (Didattica in Rete, www.dir.uniupo.it)

Grading rules

Oral examination. Questions will be focused on all topics indicated in the course program and given during lectures. To obtain positive results, the student must show that he/she understood and knows the critical concepts of the various topics at sufficient level of knowledge and demonstrates associative capabilities related to the different arguments

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
Students will have knowledge on:
-molecular and toxicokinetic mechanisms responsible of xenobiotic toxic effects;
-basic general principles and methods for the risk assessment of chemicals
-preclinical studies required to determined xenobiotic toxicological profile with special attention to marketing of new drugs.
APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING
Students will have basis to assess:
-risk-benefit evaluation of drugs;
-the role of toxicology in the drug discovery and development process;
LIFELONG LEARNING SKILL, MAKING JUDGEMENTS, COMMUNICATION
The student will be familiar with the key aspects of fundamental toxicology, and will have developed an insight in concepts and methods that will make the student able to critically assess new results in the field.

The course provide the basis about the design, the formulation and the control of pharmaceutical dosage forms in accordance with current regulation. The fundamentals of legislation in the field of medicine, in the distribution to the public of medicinal products for human use, veterinary and "parafarmaco", are given. Regulatory aspects relating to the responsibility of the pharmacist in the pharmacy as well as the social function of the pharmacy on the territory are provided. Some aspects of professional ethic are given.

The course aims to provide students the knowledge and theunderstanding of the basics regarding the design, formulation and control of pharmaceutical dosage forms in accordance with local regulations. In addition, the fundamentals of the legislation in the field of medicine, the public distribution of medicinal products for human and veterinary use and some professional ethic concepts are provided.

Prerequisites

We recommend a good knowledge of previous year courses.

Didattics Methods

The course is throughout the year with lectures.

Other informations

External specialists can supplement lessons with seminars.

Grading rules

Written with open questions and oral throughout the program, according to the schedule established annually.

The couse is divided in two parts: theoretical lessons and practical exercises.
The aim of the course is to provide the theoretical notions about the main conventional and unconventional solid dosage forms and about their specific characteristics, manufacturing methods and the technological tests used to assess their quality according to Pharmacopoeia requirements. Moreover, the course provides theoretical and practical information about methods of preparation, price determination, labelling and quality control of galenic products.
The student uses the knowledge acquired to face problems about drug formulation and dosage forms (excipients, fabrication methods, quality control tests) using the specific language for this specialistic discipline.
Moreover, the course gives to the student skills to manage an advance conversation on dosage forms and galenic products and supplies basic expertise to carry out the professional activity in Pharmacy. The course gives tools to apply the knowledge acquired in the conduction of the work as pharmaceutical technologist or pharmacist and to face the professional responsabilities.

Written and/or oral examination; ongoing evaluation during laboratory training. Written test: dispensation of a galenic prescription and questions about topics reported in the program of the course. Oral examination: verification of the capability to hold a conversation (using the appropriate technical language) about pharmaceutical dosage forms and related problems. Ongoing evaluation: composition of the price and labelling of galenic product.
The access to the oral examination is allowed only if the student passes the written test.

The aim of the course is to provide the theoretical notions about the main conventional and unconventional solid dosage forms and about their specific characteristics, manufacturing methods and the technological tests used to assess their quality according to Pharmacopoeia requirements. Moreover, the course provides theoretical and practical information about methods of preparation, price determination, labelling and quality control of galenic products.
The student uses the knowledge acquired to face problems about drug formulation and dosage forms (excipients, fabrication methods, quality control tests) using the specific language for this specialist discipline.
Moreover, the course gives to the student skills to manage an advance conversation on dosage forms and galenic products and supplies basic expertise to carry out the professional activity in Pharmacy. The course gives tools to apply the knowledge acquired in the conduction of the work as pharmaceutical technologist or pharmacist and to face the professional responsability.

The aim of the course is to introduce the student to the main principles of molecular visualization of chemical entities (compounds, proteins).

Reference texts

The course is given with the support of slides.

Teaching targets

1. Knowledge and understanding. At the end of the course the student will know and understand the basic concepts of molecular visualization, in particular the student will be instructed on the techniques used to support drug design.
2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding. The student will be able to apply the knowledge and understanding gained the recognition of chemical structures in 3D space, the discussion of their interactions, and their graphic representation.
3. Management of the knowledge acquired at the end of the expression of judgments relating to the 3D structures of molecules and proteins. In addition, the student will be provided with the necessary tools to apply these skills to the critical evaluation to the figures of scientific articles.
4. Skill in communication, in the know explain, even in an original way, a molecule or protein using the lessons dealt software.
5. Ability to learn and learn how to handle dynamically, and as independent as possible, their own body of knowledge on the structure of molecules and proteins.

Prerequisites

Good knowledge in general biology, biochemistry, general pharmacology, and
medicinal chemistry is strongly recommended.

Didattics Methods

The course is given with the support of slides, which are given to the students at
the beginning of the lessons.
General and specific topics will be introduced, basic concepts will be provided for
the understanding of each issue, and discussions with the students will be held. A forum section on the course page on D.I.R. (http://www.dir.uniupo.it) will help the discussions.

Other informations

For further informations, please refer to the course page on D.I.R. at: http://www.dir.uniupo.it

Grading rules

The final exam will be focused on a practical exercise with oral discussion. The exam aims at verifying the ability to create a figure of molecules using the knowledge learned in this course.

Slides and material used in the course, provided by the Teacher. Web sites (EFSA, Italian Health Ministry, EU) .

Teaching targets

The course aims to complete the skills related to the knowledge in Food Area. The themes correlated to the bioactivity of natural compounds from foods, especially those already used in the formulation of food supplements and functional foods, the regulatory framework regarding these products, the “claims” of food and food supplements as well as the botanicals criticisms will be the core subject of the Course. Some case studies (from EFSA data base) and some labels will be discussed in class, in order to improve the knowledge of students in this area.

Prerequisites

We recommend the acquisition of knowledge about the courses of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Food Products, Products for particular nutrition and new services in Pharmacy.

Didattics Methods

The teaching method used provides ex-cathedra lectures given by the teacher, complemented by class discussion of cases study and by the discussion of some labels of food/food supplements. The discussion of selected case studies is finalized to improve the capacity to understand the themes correlated to the labelling and the drafting of claims, exploiting a critical approach. Specific seminars could be organized in cooperation with external Teachers and experts in the field.

Other informations

Considering the complexity of the theme as well as the high interest of industry (or regulatory board) towards this field, the teacher will try to discuss deeply the case studies, discussing the most critical sides of the themes in an interactive way with the class. Questions or suggestions by the students will be welcomed, in order to deeply discuss together the case studies. The course takes time to study in addition to the lessons, in order to improve the capacity to manage this field deepening the topics.

Grading rules

The assessment of the learning is based on the elaboration of a written Test that includes:
1. some multiple choice questions.
2. open questions, that relate to topics covered
3. discussion of one label of food supplement/food.

Full arguments

Regulatory framework in Europe and Italy (food supplements, botanicals, novel foods, food enriched with vitamins and minerals, labelling, nutritional and health claims)
Definition of the bioactivity of some compounds (also those obtained from wastes/by-products and biomasses), useful to design and formulate new ingredients, foods (included food for particuar use), functional foods or food supplements.
Discussion of some nutraceutical- and nutrigenomic-based studies. Examples of bioactive compounds from plants, fungi, animal, microalgae, prebiotics and probiotics.
Botanicals and regulatory framework. Classificaton of food supplementes (discussion about different classes for different health targets). Exemples of health claims and claims for botanicals (case studies). Examples of labelling and criticisms.
Discussion about sustainable alternative techniques for the estraction/fractionation/sanitization; formulation strategies (e.g. microencapsulation).
Bioavailability and test for its measurement (in vitro, in vivo methods).
Food and ingredient design: new strategies for the calory reduction, reduction of sucrose, reduction of salt, reductio of lipids. Valorization of “new ingredients”.
Functional foods and enriched foods: esamples of labelling and discussion of some claims.

Expected learning objectives

At the end of the course, the student must demonstrate the acquisition of advanced and specific knowledge on functional foods, novel foods, botanicals and food supplements.
He will also know in detail the regulatory framework related to labeling, food supplements, enriched foods and botanicals, at national and European level. Finally, the student will be able to manage the labeling and the understanding of the nutritional and health claims, to complete the concepts related to the classes followed in the “food” area.

Teaching deepens the routes of administration of veterinary medicine in relation to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of animals. Conventional-release dosage forms and modified-release dosage forms to improve compliance are valuated. Knowledge about Italian and European legislation will be expanded.

Teaching deepens knowledge and facilitates the understanding of the formulation of veterinary drugs. It explains the need for the development of specific pharmaceutical dosage forms, depending on of anatomical and physiological differences that may alter the bioavailability of the medicinal products in the various species. Italian and European legislation are deepened from distribution to public sell.

Prerequisites

We recommend a good knowledge of previous year courses.

Didattics Methods

Classes are held in the II period with lectures

Other informations

External specialists can supplement lessons with seminars

Grading rules

Valuation of teaching will written with open questions or/and oral throughout the program, according to the schedule established annually

Full arguments

Route of administration of veterinary drugs. Species-specificity of the veterinary medicinal product. Anatomical and physiological differences between monogastric and polygastric species, carnivores, omnivores and herbivores. Conventional dosage forms for oral use, intraruminal devices, intramammary preparations, conventional and modified release of injectable preparations, medicines for cutaneous application and transdermal patches. DLvo 193/2006 and European law. Knowledge will be extended to legislation on veterinary medicines for DPA and non DPA animals.

Expected learning objectives

The student will know how to apply the acquired knowledge of veterinary medicines, including the importance of anatomical and physiological differences that may alter the bioavailability of medicines in the different species. It will also know how to apply the acquired knowledge and understand the importance of the veterinary drug in the pharmacy taking into account Italian and Community legislation.

The course of STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY is delivered to students of the 3th and 4th of both PHARMACY that of CTF as credit free. The course aims to give the student the knowledge of the fundamental principles of bio-crystallography with emphasis on the potential and limitations.
• Structural classification and analysis of protein structures.
• Knowledge of the structure-function relationships in the series of protein treated in the course.
• Critical analysis of a protein structure determined by X-ray crystallography
• Analysis structures capabilities and extraction of structural information

The course aims to provide knowledge on bio-crystallography basic principles, with emphasis on the potentials and limitations. It will also give at the student fundamental knowledge on the classification at the structural level of same enzymes and the analysis of protein structures. Knowledge of the structure-function relationships in the series of protein treated in the course. Capacity for critical analysis of a specific X-ray 3D structure to extract information about protein activity. Also it will be encouraged the research of most recent data published in scientific journals of international importance to deepen all the studied arguments using the scientific web-search "PubMed".

Prerequisites

None.
However, it will be required a good preparation in biochemistry.

Didattics Methods

ex-cathedra traditional lectures

Grading rules

Oral exams.
The oral exam will be assessed the student's ability to read and interpret a scientific article about the crystallographic structure of a protein. It will also assess knowledge of the basic principles of protein crystallography.

At the end of the course, the students will be able to read in a critical way, scientific literature regarding the relationsheep between structure-function of a protein, in particularly of enzymes. In addition, the students will be able to analyze specific enzymes interactions with their ligands, by displaying them on specific programs of graphics.

The course focuses on the description of the regulatory principles that regulate the testing and registration of equivalent drugs of molecules produced by chemical synthesis (generic) and those produced by biotechnological procedures (biosimilars). Pharmacoeconomic aspects are also addressed with a view to the sustainability of the National Health Service. The students are also provided with hints on the new frontiers of therapy such as cellular and gene therapies, and how access to these therapies is linked to an adequate use of generics and biosimilar medicines.

Reference texts

Students are oriented toward the consultation of official sources i.e. EMA or AIFA and of the scientific literature concerning the topic covered by the course.

Teaching targets

To provide the student with knowledge and methodological tools to understand the value of the drug even beyond the clinical impact, in view of the sustainability of the National Health Service

Prerequisites

None. It is strongly suggested that the student has already positively performed the following courses: Biochemistry, Physiology, Pathology, Biology, Anatomy, as well as all the Pharmacology classes included in the study plan

Didattics Methods

The course contents will be transmitted through oral presentations supported by explanatory multimedia about the different topics included in the program. It will be stimulated the active participation of the student through the recall of concepts already addressed in other courses, which relate to various aspects of the drug and its economical value.

Other informations

None

Grading rules

Written test.The student will be asked to produce a short essay that deals with a topic chosen in a group of 10 themes proposed at the end of the course

Ideally, at the end of the course the student has to know the pharmaco-therapeutical approach to the different pathologies, and has be able to give advices to patients and to develop control capabilities. Finally, he/she should have enough skills to follow the continuous evolution of pharmacology and pharmacotherapy.

The course deals with the chemistry of multicomponent reactions and their use particularly in the field of medicinal chemistry. In particular during the course various multicomponent reactions will be analyzed both according to their reaction mechanism and the possibility of expanding their utility via targeted synthetic strategies. Examples of compounds obtained via multicomponent reaction which show biological activity will be also discussed

Reference texts

Lecture notes

Teaching targets

The goals of the course of Multicomponent reactions are :
to provide to the students the knowledge about the classical multicomponent reactions discovered to date and to define the general strategies for the discovery of new multicomponent reactions. At the end of the course, the student will be able to recognize and evaluate the possibility to use a multicomponent reaction for the synthesis of a certain molecular scaffold. The course allows to the student to read, in a critical manner, books and scientific articles based on multicomponent reactions.

Didattics Methods

Traditional theoretical lessons, compulsory attendance

Grading rules

Oral discussion on a scientific paper previously provided to the student.

The course provide the basic knowledge of the main raw material of cosmetic interest, the most important cosmetic forms, with attention to the different categories of cosmetics and stability controls of the finished products. Any aspects of the labeling and safety of use are examined.

The R software and its use to represent data and for statistical data analysis.

Reference texts

Reference material is posted on the DIR website

Teaching targets

*Knowledge and understanding
The course aims to enrich the theoretical knowledge of statistics and probability with appropriate calculation data analysis. Aims of the course is also to display the results. The course in based on the free and open source software R.
*Applying knowledge and understanding
Students should be able to use the acquired skills even in multidisciplinary context and they should be able to analyse data and generate professional graphical representations.
*Making judgements.
At the end of the course students are expected to apply R even in different situations and that they have acquired the tools needed to extend their knowledge by themselves.
* Communication skills
At the end of the course students are expected to be able to express their results both numerically and graphically.
* Learning skills.
During the course students should learn how to study by choosing their personal path and should become able to choose the appropriate resources.

Prerequisites

The student should have the basic knowledge of mathematics and statistics

Didattics Methods

Practical lectures are given in the computer lab.

Other informations

Reference material and additional informations are posted on the DIR website
https://www.dir.uniupo.it/enrol/index.php?id=219

Grading rules

Ongoing Quizzes and online Final Examination.
Both count toward the final grade in a ratio 3/7.

The student is expected
-to be able to explain the knowledge acquired also in multidisciplinary field and therefore know how to analyze data and create professional graphic representations.
- to be able to apply the methods learned even in different situations and if required have the tools to extend his knowledge in an autonomous way.
- to acquire the ability to express the results of a data analysis both at a numerical and graphic level.
- to acquire the ability to study and learn by choosing his path with originality and must be able to choose resources, possibly even online, useful for his study.

The aim of the course is to introduce the student to the main principles of molecular visualization of chemical entities (compounds, proteins).

Reference texts

The course is given with the support of slides.

Teaching targets

1. Knowledge and understanding. At the end of the course the student will know and understand the basic concepts of molecular visualization, in particular the student will be instructed on the techniques used to support drug design.
2. Ability to apply knowledge and understanding. The student will be able to apply the knowledge and understanding gained the recognition of chemical structures in 3D space, the discussion of their interactions, and their graphic representation.
3. Management of the knowledge acquired at the end of the expression of judgments relating to the 3D structures of molecules and proteins. In addition, the student will be provided with the necessary tools to apply these skills to the critical evaluation to the figures of scientific articles.
4. Skill in communication, in the know explain, even in an original way, a molecule or protein using the lessons dealt software.
5. Ability to learn and learn how to handle dynamically, and as independent as possible, their own body of knowledge on the structure of molecules and proteins.

Prerequisites

Good knowledge in general biology, biochemistry, general pharmacology, and
medicinal chemistry is strongly recommended.

Didattics Methods

The course is given with the support of slides, which are given to the students at
the beginning of the lessons.
General and specific topics will be introduced, basic concepts will be provided for
the understanding of each issue, and discussions with the students will be held. A forum section on the course page on D.I.R. (http://www.dir.uniupo.it) will help the discussions.

Other informations

For further informations, please refer to the course page on D.I.R. at: http://www.dir.uniupo.it

Grading rules

The final exam will be focused on a practical exercise with oral discussion. The exam aims at verifying the ability to create a figure of molecules using the knowledge learned in this course.