Drugs in EuropeIllicit drugs form an important sector of the world . A drug is a substance which may have dangerous effects when taken or put into a human body. All countries are fighting and trying to stop this phenomenon. Drugs have several types, effects, and treatments. First of all, there are many types of drugs, but the most popular are cocaine and heroin. Cocaine is a strong addictive stimulant drug. The powered hydrochloride salt form of cocaine can be snorted or dissolved in water and then injected or smoked (Harris, 2003). Snorting cocaine is inhaling the powder through the nose where it is absorbed into the bloodstream. Injecting is inserting the drug directly into the bloodstream by using a needle. Smoking is inhaling cocaine smoke into the lungs, where the absorption into the bloodstream is faster. Heroine is an addictive drug that is extracted from morphine and has the color white, brown or black (National, 2010). It is a sticky substance that can be injected, snorted or smoked.

Drugs have a lot of negative effects, especially for cocaine and heroin addicts. Cocaine effects depend on absorption; faster absorption means shorter duration of action. The high from snorting cocaine can last 15 to 30 minutes, but the high from smoking can last only 5 to 10 minutes (Harris, 2003). The faster cocaine is absorbed into the bloodstream and delivered to the brain, the more intense the high. Injecting or smoking cocaine produces a quicker, strong high than snorting (Harris, 2003). Injecting and smoking can last more than snorting. The intensity and duration of cocaine’s effects depend on the route of drug administration. It includes increased energy, reduced fatigue, and mental alertness (Harris, 2003). Cocaine effects, which are physical and mental, depend on the route of administration. It increases alertness, feelings of well-being, energy and motor activity. Mostly, Heroin effects are dangerous, it depresses breathing, thus, overdose can be fatal. Users who inject the drug, risk infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and hepatitis (National, 2010). That means heroin addicts are in danger, they risk overdose and infectious diseases. The use of heroin may lead to risk of contracting blood-borne suck as HIV and AIDS by sharing of needles. It can also lead to poisoning from contaminants added to dilute heroin (National, 2010). Sharing needles can lead to poisoning and hepatitis for drug users. Effects of heroin include a surge of euphoria and clouded thinking followed by alternately wakeful and drowsy states (National, 2010). These effects attack brain’s function. In Europe, the prevalence rate of problem drug users varies between 2.7 in Greece and 9.0 in UK as rate per 1000 population aged 15-64 (Eastwood, 2010). The average purity of street heroin in UK varies between 30% and 50%, and heroin that has been seized at the border has purity levels between 40% and 60%. The UK, Italy and Spain are on the higher end of the range, whereas Greece, Germany and Hungary are with low rates of problem drug use. East Europe and New Zealand have a high prevalence of injecting drug use (Eastwood, 2010). Overall cocaine in Europe has been on the rise, but usage rates and attitudes tend to varies between countries. Countries with highest usage rates are : the UK, Spain, Italy, and Ireland.

Treatment can help patients addicted to drugs stop using, avoid relapse, and successfully recover their lives. The effectiveness of drug treatment depends on...

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...﻿Drugs
Introduction to Drugs:
A drug is a substance which may have medicinal, intoxicating, performance enhancing or other effects when taken or put into a human body or the body of another animal and is not considered a food or exclusively a food.
What is considered a drug rather than a food varies between cultures, and distinctions between drugs and foods and between kinds of drug are enshrined in laws which vary between jurisdictions and aim to restrict or prevent drug use. Even within a jurisdiction, however, the status of a substance may be uncertain or contested with respect to both whether it is a drug and how it should be classified if at all. There is no single, precise definition, as there are different meanings in drug control law, government regulations, medicine, and colloquial usage. Recreational drugs are chemical substances that affect the central nervous system, such as opioids or hallucinogens. They may be used for perceived beneficial effects on perception, consciousness, personality, and behavior. Some drugs can cause addiction and/or habituation.
Marijuana:
Marijuana often called pot, grass, reefer, weed or herb is a greenish gray mixture of the dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers of Cannabis sativa the hemp plant.
How, they are manufactured?
Marijuana is not manufactured as...

...2
Drugs are generally defined as a substance which alters our normal bodily functions when it is induced into our body. Having a drug free society is to have a community of people living in a particular region, restricted from the usage and influence of drugs. Certain drugs have side effects, in which it can cause addiction to its user. This is why many had considered drugs to be dangerous, they thought that the usage of drugs should be banned completely from the society.
On the contrary to the common beliefs of the society, not all drugs are used for recreational purposes. In the medical field, drugs are widely used in the treatment and prevention diseases. Pain killers such as morphine are used to reduce pain. There are also certain types of drugs where its usage had been known to stimulate brain activity. Nootropics, also known as "cognitive enhancers", can improve our abilities of understanding and acquiring knowledge. For centuries, doctors have made the application of these drugs, beneficial the society. Medicine too would have to be banned if we were to have a drug free society.
Recreational drugs are chemical substances that affects the central nervous system of the brain, the user would be subjected to hallucinations. The users of these drugs are mainly people who are...

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Arianne Sánchez
Jacob ReelederPre Degree III
April 16, 2013
Causes, Effects and Treatments of Drug Addiction
Addiction is a dependence on a substance or activity. It is a big problem around the world. It is represented by the desires and behaviors of individuals. Addiction has serious consequences in real life that adversely destroy relationships, affect physical and mental health, and damages on the ability to think effectively; therefore, it is also known as an illness due to the bad things that it does. It could be in many more different ways such as gambling, drugs, sex, and Internet addictions. The biggest problem in society is that these diseases are hidden, silenced or denied. One of the worst and literally the most common type is drug addiction; it can transform or destroy a life; for some people, this is a way to escape from their problems. When they use drugs the effect lasts a few hours; when they wake up, pleasure becomes pain and they confront reality, then the fight begins. In that moment, they start the fight against denial and acceptance. There are many kinds of drugs, one worse than the other. Statistically, it is the addiction with the highest number of deaths worldwide annually.
The causes of addiction are always the same for every type; it depends on the situation of the person. It could be to fulfill their needs or wants, when they feel stressed or anxious; to feel energetic,...

... a) Christianity point of view.
b) Law of the land.
DRUG AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE.
INTRODUCTION.
DEFINITION.
Drug.
1) A drug is any chemical you take that affects the way your body works. Example: alcohol, caffeine, aspirin, nicotine etc.
2) A drug is a substance which may have medicinal, intoxicating performance when taken by a human body.
Drug abuse.
1) It is the use of illegal drugs, the misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs for at least a year with negative consequences.
2) Compulsive, excessive and self-damaging use of habit-forming drugs or substances, leading t addiction or dependence, serious physiological injury(e.g. damage of kidney, liver, heart) and/or physiological harm(e.g. dysfunctional behavior patterns, hallucinations, memory loss),or death.
Substance abuse.
Harmful/hazardous use of psychoactive substances including alcohol and illicit drugs. Substance abuse is also sometimes referred to as drug abuse.
Drug and substance abuse has become a disaster and an issue to be addressed urgently worldwide. In Kenya, drug abuse is one of the major problems alongside poverty, corruption and HIV/AIDS. However, whereas the HIV/AIDS prevalence is coming down, drugs and substance abuse is on the increase compounded by lack of a traditional control system and...

...Alcohol and Drug Abuse Statistics
Alcohol is the oldest drug around. It is also the most widely-used and almost 50 percent of people aged 12 and over have consumed alcohol in the United States. Most people are able to consume alcohol responsibly. However, for one reason or another, some people abuse alcohol and develop addictions. Drug information from the American Council for Drug Education (ACDE)states that approximately 10 to 15 million people in the United States can be classified as alcoholics. About 4.5 million of those people are adolescents. Alcohol dependence will affect 17 percent of men and 8 percent of women at some point in their lives.
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) reports that 79,000 deaths per year are the direct result of excessive alcohol consumption. It is the third leading cause of death (life-style related) in the nation and the leading cause of death for people aged 15 to 24. In 2005, excessive alcohol caused 4 million emergency room visits and 1.6 million hospitalizations. About 2,000 people under the legal drinking age (21) die annually in car crashes due to alcohol and it is involved in nearly 50 percent of all teen deaths involving violence.
Drug abuse is also a major concern for the country. According to the latest drug information from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), drug abuse costs the United States over $600...

...Drugs Research
The street name for opium is auntie, blackpoll, skee, hop/hops, joy plant, Chinese tobacco, and dream gun etc. Opium is taken by being smoked, injected, and taken by a pill form. The cost of opium on the streets is around 20 to 30 dollars in the south and around 120-150 dollars for medicated depending on who you buy your product from. The short term affect of this drug is that you want more of it and you need it to maintain the effect. The long term affect is that the use of the drug can be compulsive despite the physical abuse of it and that is can harm the person that is using. People that abuse this drug have taken psychoactive drugs they take it for religious reasons. People that take the drug try to change the way they feel, think, and act. All type of people abuse this drug like rich and poor people, college students, and kids on the streets, white collar pros. Drug abuse fall into three different kinds of categories depression, stimulants, and hallucinogens. The drug works it stimulate the bile flow a substance that is important to the digestive system. This lowers the feeling of the pain and how one reacts to the pain. The advantages and disadvantages of the drug is that you can die either way it goes.
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...﻿Drug Abuse in America
In one month, it will be the 100th anniversary of America’s war on drugs, implemented with the Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914. A full century of headstrong battle against countries held responsible of breaching our borders with drugs, as well as the 1.53 million American citizens annually held legally accountable. When averaged throughout the span of a year, a drug arrest is made every 21 seconds according to the FBI. That puts 1 in 99 adults behind bars, the highest incarceration rate in the world. Alarming as these numbers may be, it should be no surprise… After all, who do you think funds the police? The government spends about $51 billion of taxpayer money each year on a solution disproven to work for the past hundred. That amount does not include costs for trying, imprisoning, or writing a judge’s paycheck. Truth is in the numbers, and this failed war has proved our unsuccessful policies have done nothing to reduce consumption of drugs. It’s time for a second look at the strategies used to battle the war or drugs. Yet, there is no committee charged with the task of reviewing evidence to determine whether a law-enforcement dominated policy is the most effective policy. A long overdue reform needs to be addressed; a drastic change in the system must transpire.
The first issue attention needs to be shed on is the individual user; in many cases a victim of the...

...chronic relapsing condition characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and abuse and by long-lasting chemical changes in the brain. Addiction is the same irrespective of whether the drug is alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, heroin, marijuana, or nicotine. Every addictive substance induces pleasant states or relieves distress. Continue use of addictive substances induces adaptive changes in the brain that lead to tolerance, physical dependence, uncontrollable craving and, all too often, relapse. Dependence is at such a point that stopping is very difficult and causes severe physical and mental damage from withdrawal (WILLIAM C. SHIEL JR., 2008).
Over the past two decades, many researchers have identified subgroups of alcohol and drug user based in similarities like drinking style (Kevin M. King, 2009), behavior problems, etiology, outcome, and other clinically significant phenomena; making the most predominant the antisocial, primarily neurotic, mixed neurotic and antisocial, and psychotic (Malow, 1989). But the antisocial features have been the most prominent between all the subtypes; especially on drug user. This literature will review these thru the following questions:
1. How addiction impact family and social relationships?
2. Do alcohol and drug addictions have relationship with crime?
3. What is the economic cost related to alcohol and drug addiction?
How addiction impact...