FR Doc 05-10812
[Federal Register: June 1, 2005 (Volume 70, Number 104)]
[Notices]
[Page 31522-31523]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr01jn05-124]
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
National Park Service
Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: U.S. Department of
the Interior, National Park Service, Chaco Culture National Historical
Park, Nageezi, NM
AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior.
ACTION: Notice.
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Notice is here given in accordance with the Native American Graves
Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 25 U.S.C. 3005, of the intent
to repatriate cultural items in the possession of the U.S. Department
of the Interior, National Park Service, Chaco Culture National
Historical Park, Nageezi, NM, that meet the definition of ``sacred
objects'' under 25 U.S.C. 3001.
This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's
administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA, 25 U.S.C. 3003 (d)(3).
The determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the
superintendent, Chaco Culture National Historical Park.
The cultural items are part of a bundle that includes the
following: 1 small hide bundle tied with a leather strip; 3 small hide
pouches tied with yucca cordage; 1 tanned rodent hide; 6 hide
fragments; 2 shell beads; 5 quartz crystals; 1 calcite cylinder; 2
steatite cylinders; 4 chert flakes; 1 chert scraper; 2 reed fragments;
more than 44 fragments of unidentified plants, roots, and sticks; 1
piece of cotton fabric; 4 fragments of limonite; 1 yucca quid; 14 yucca
cordage fragments; 1 hank of untwisted yucca; 3 yucca cordage fragments
strung with 31 stone beads; 1,890 small stone beads; 75 squash seeds; 1
corn cob, with kernels, two-thirds of which is wrapped with cotton
cordage; 3 projectile points; 1 stone knife; 3 gourd rind fragments; 1
bone awl; 1 strand of yucca cordage with 33 shell beads, 1 turquoise
pendant, 1 turquoise bead, 1 bone bead; 1 deciduous human tooth; 3
shaped quartz crystals tied with sinew; 1 drilled bivalve fossil; 1
drilled hematite nodule with a fragment of leather; 4 hematite nodules;
2 petrified wood nodules; 1 turquoise nodule; 1 unidentified mineral
nodule; 1 hollow tube concretion; and 20 fragments of an unidentified
gray mineral.
The items were received by Chaco Culture National Historical Park
via delivery service on September 25, 2000, without an accompanying
letter or note. It was later determined that the person named on the
return address is deceased. The park has no information regarding the
origin of the items or their age. The only information available is
that the deceased requested that his heirs send the items to Chaco
Culture National Historical Park. The park archeologist determined the
items may have come from a container, a sealed room, or a dry cave.
In May 2004, the park's museum technician determined that the items
may have been part of a medicine bundle that would meet the NAGPRA
definition of sacred object. On July 27, 2004, the park consulted with
representatives of the Hopi Tribe of Arizona; Navajo Nation, Arizona,
New Mexico, & Utah; Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico; Pueblo of Cochiti, New
Mexico; Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico; Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico;
Pueblo of Nambe, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Ildefonso, New Mexico;
Pueblo of Santa Ana, New Mexico; Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico; Pueblo of
Zia, New Mexico; and the Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico. On July 29, 2004, the park corresponded with representatives of
the Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico; Pueblo of Jemez, New Mexico;
Pueblo of Picuris, New Mexico; Pueblo of Pojoaque, New Mexico; Pueblo
of San Felipe, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Juan, New Mexico; Pueblo of
Sandia, New Mexico; Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico; Pueblo of Santo
Domingo, New Mexico; Pueblo of Tesuque, New Mexico; Southern Ute Indian
Tribe of the Southern Ute Reservation, Colorado; Ute Mountain Tribe of
the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah; and
Ysleta Del Sur Pueblo of Texas. Representatives from the Navajo Nation
of Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah; Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico; Pueblo
of San Ildefonso, New Mexico; Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico; and Pueblo of
Zia, New Mexico visited the park's museum collection to view the items.
Representatives of the Hopi Tribe of Arizona and Pueblo of Acoma, New
Mexico requested and received digital photographs of the items.
In the Southwest, archeological evidence of medicine bundles
appears limited to Basketmaker phase cave sites (A.D. 1-700), where
organic material such as animal skins, feathers, and plant material
have been preserved from the elements. The contents of these bundles,
which are often made of prairie dog skin, include projectile points,
shell pendants, stringed shell and turquoise beads, crystals, hematite,
feathers, azurite, malachite, limonite, squash seeds, plant materials,
bone and wood dice, stone beads, and fossilized teeth. Frequently,
individual items, particularly paints such as hematite and limonite and
beads, were placed in smaller animal skin pouches tied with sinew or
cordage within the larger bundle.
Navajo medicine bundles, like Puebloan bundles, are made of
perishable materials such as skin, cloth, yarn, feathers, reeds and
other vegetal material. Consultation with representatives of the Navajo
Nation, Arizona, New Mexico, & Utah established that the bundle
described in this notice is not of Navajo origin.
Representatives of the Pueblo of Zia, New Mexico identified the
2,173 cultural items as ceremonial objects needed for the practice of
traditional religion. They identified the bundle as one of the bundles
kept by Pueblo of Zia
[[Page 31523]]
medicine men who use the objects as part of their healing ceremonies
and preparation of prayer sticks associated with solstice offerings.
The contents of Zia medicine bundles are usually kept individually in
small hide pouches tied with leather or yucca cords, which in turn are
kept in larger bundles. Small quartz crystals, minerals, beads, flakes
and seeds are commonly used to adorn and paint prayer sticks.
Officials of Chaco Culture National Historical Park have determined
that, pursuant to 25 U.S.C. 3001 (3)(C), the cultural items are
specific ceremonial objects needed by traditional Native American
religious leaders for the practice of traditional Native American
religions by their present-day adherents. Officials of Chaco Culture
National Historical Park also have determined that, pursuant to 25
U.S.C. 3001 (2), there is a relationship of shared group identity that
can be reasonably traced between the sacred objects and the Pueblo of
Zia, New Mexico.
Representatives of any other Indian tribe that believes itself to
be culturally affiliated with the sacred objects should contact Dennis
Carruth, acting superintendent, Chaco Culture National Historical Park,
Post Office Box 220, Nageezi, NM 87037, telephone (505)786-7014, before
July 1, 2005. Repatriation of the sacred objects to the Pueblo of Zia,
New Mexico may proceed after that date if no additional claimants come
forward.
Chaco Culture National Historical Park is responsible for notifying
the Hopi Tribe of Arizona; Jicarilla Apache Nation, New Mexico; Navajo
Nation, Arizona, New Mexico, & Utah; Pueblo of Acoma, New Mexico;
Pueblo of Cochiti, New Mexico; Pueblo of Isleta, New Mexico; Pueblo of
Jemez, New Mexico; Pueblo of Laguna, New Mexico; Pueblo of Nambe, New
Mexico; Pueblo of Picuris, New Mexico; Pueblo of Pojoaque, New Mexico;
Pueblo of San Felipe, New Mexico; Pueblo of San Ildefonso, New Mexico;
Pueblo of San Juan, New Mexico; Pueblo of Sandia, New Mexico; Pueblo of
Santa Ana, New Mexico; Pueblo of Santa Clara, New Mexico; Pueblo of
Santo Domingo, New Mexico; Pueblo of Taos, New Mexico; Pueblo of
Tesuque, New Mexico; Pueblo of Zia, New Mexico; Southern Ute Indian
Tribe of the Southern Ute Reservation, Colorado; Ute Mountain Tribe of
the Ute Mountain Reservation, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah; Ysleta
Del Sur Pueblo of Texas; and Zuni Tribe of the Zuni Reservation, New
Mexico that this notice has been published.
Dated: May 20, 2005.
Paul Hoffman,
Deputy Assistant Secretary, Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
[FR Doc. 05-10812 Filed 5-31-05; 8:45 am]
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