Some difficulty in acquiring reliable measurements triggered a point of interest from previous experiences. Why did some technicians place precision attenuators on one or both VNA cables as part of a setup for measuring passive devices? “It’s always been there.” But like all things, there must be a reason.Read More...

Band Reject Filter SeriesHigher frequency band reject (notch) filters are designed to operate over the frequency range of .01 to 28 GHz. These filters are characterized by having the reverse properties of band pass filters and are offered in multiple topologies. Available in compact sizes.RLC Electronics

SP6T RF SwitchJSW6-33DR+ is a medium power reflective SP6T RF switch, with reflective short on output ports in the off condition. Made using Silicon-on-Insulator process, it has very high IP3, a built-in CMOS driver and negative voltage generator.Mini-Circuits

Group Delay Equalized Bandpass FilterPart number 2903 is a group delayed equalized elliptic type bandpass filter that has a typical 1 dB bandwidth of 94 MHz and a typical 60 dB bandwidth of 171 MHz. Insertion loss is <2 dB and group delay variation from 110 to 170 MHz is <3nsec.KR Electronics

Absorptive Low Pass FilterModel AF9350 is a UHF, low pass filter that covers the 10 to 500 MHz band and has an average power rating of 400W CW. It incurs a rejection of 45 dB minimum at the 750 to 3000 MHz band, and power rating of 25W CW from 501 to 5000 MHz.Werlatone

LTE Band 14 Ceramic DuplexerThis high performance LTE ceramic duplexer was designed and built for use in public safety communication and commercial cellular applications. It operates in Band 14 and offers low insertion loss and high isolation to enable clear communications in the LTE network. Networks International

Skyworks has successfully developed a manufacturing-friendly circulator with industry leading insertion loss performance. The SKYFR-000827 operates in the frequency band 2300MHz to 2400MHz and has a typical insertion loss of just 0.10dB. The device is housed in a surface mount, ‘robust lead’ package and shipped in tape-and- reel.

The traditional drop-in circulator is inadequate for the modern pick-and-place assembly line. The drop-in circulator requires a production operator to physically remove each device from the packing tray and place it onto the customer’s PCB. The operator must then install the circulator using screws and manually solder the leads to the PCB. Deformed leads and poor manual solder joint quality are reoccurring problems.

Skyworks’ patented ‘robust lead’ package allows the circulator to be populated onto the customer’s PCB using modern surface-mount technology. The robust lead circulator is shipped in tape-and- reel for automated placement. The package uses a unique vertical lead to connect the center conductor of the circulator to the customer’s PCB. The gold plated lead is firmly encased inside a high temperature plastic, insuring a robust design and excellent co-planarity. The main body of the device is plated with silver for excellent solderability and can be attached to the PCB using a standard reflow profile.

The surface-mount robust lead circulator is extremely reliable, which has been confirmed by numerous reliability tests, including thermal shock, humidity, vibration and high temperature soak. In one case, robust lead devices were subjected to 12,000 temperature cycles (0°C to 100°C, 10 minute dwell) without a single solder joint failure. The part will also withstand up to 200W of CW RF power when mounted on a PCB with good thermal grounding. See Skyworks application note 201790, Robust Lead Circulators and Isolators, for more information.

The insertion loss of the output circulator of a power amplifier is critical. It is estimated that every 0.1dB of insertion loss at the power amplifier output cost >3W of RF power further up the chain. Our engineering teams have successfully developed new manufacturing processes for the ferrite disk, resulting in circulator designs with industry leading insertion loss performance.
The SKYFR-000827 is a single junction circulator in a 25mm diameter housing (see Figure 1), designed to operate in the standard band of 2300 MHz to 2400 MHz. This circulator can achieve insertion loss performance of better than 0.15dB over the operating temperature range of -40°C to +105°C. The isolation and the return loss are typically at least 25dB and the intermodulation distortion (IMD) performance is better than 70dBc with two 40W CW tones. See Table 1 for IMD data.

The key to achieving this very low insertion loss is the ferrite/dielectric disk. The ferrite and dielectric materials are selected to guarantee the best possible performance from Trans-Tech’s range of low linewidth magnetic materials and low loss D2000 series dielectric materials. The materials are then paired into a co-fired garnet/dielectric ring assembly, a patented process in which both materials are processed simultaneously and the net result is a joint with no air gap and no lossy glue. These two factors, plus the excellent transmission and reflection s-parameters of the device, combine to give the very low insertion loss performance.

Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 show the s parameter performance of the SKYFR-000827 over temperature. This part is a manufacturing friendly design with industry leading insertion loss performance. The outstanding insertion loss is the result of improved manufacturing processes of the ferrite disk and careful magnetic and electrical design in the circulator junction. The device is housed in a surface mount ‘robust lead’ package and shipped on tape-and- reel, making it ideal for today’s surface-mount assembly processes. Skyworks is currently developing low insertion loss circulators for all wireless infrastructure frequency bands.

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Will OpenRFM Shake Up the Microwave Industry?By Barry Manz

Throughout the history of the RF and microwave industry there has never been a form factor standardizing the electromechanical, software, control plane, and thermal interfaces used by integrated microwave assemblies (IMAs) employed in defense systems. Rather, every system has been built to meet the requirements of a specific system, which may be but probably isn’t compatible with any other system. It’s simply the way the industry has always responded to requests from subcontractors that in turn must meet the physical, electrical, and RF requirements of prime contractors. Read More...