: The trust or the moral responsibility or honesty, and all the duties which Allah has ordained.

Al-'Awamir

: Snakes living in houses.

Al-Bahîra

: A milking she-camel, whose milk used to be spared for idols and other false deities.

Al-Baida'

: A place to the south of Al-Madina on the way to Makka.

Al-Bait-ul-Ma'mur

: Allah's House over the seventh heaven.

Al-Batsha

: Grasp.

Al-Fâtiha

: The first Sûrah in the Qur'ân.

Al-Firdaus

: The middle and the highest part of Paradise.

Al-Ghâba

: (Literally : the forest) A well-known place near Al-Madina.

Al-Ghurr-ul-Muhajjalûn

: A name that will be given on the Day of Resurrection
to the Muslims because the parts of their bodies which they used to wash
in ablution will shine then.

Al-Harûriyya

: A special unorthodox religious sect.

Al-Hasbâ

: A place outside Makka where pilgrims go after finishing all the ceremonies of Hajj.

Al-Hijr

: The unroofed portion of the Ka'ba which at present
is in the form of a compound towards the north of the Ka'ba.

Al-Hudaibiya

: A well-known place ten miles from Makka on the way to Jeddah.

Al-Ihtibâ'

: A sitting posture, putting one's arms around one's legs while sitting on the hips.

Al-Ji'rana

: A place, few miles from Makka. The Prophet saw
distributed the war booty of the battle of Hunain there, and from
there he assumed the state of Ihram to perform 'Umra.

Al-Juhfa

: The Miqât of the people of Shâm.

Al-Kabâ'ir

: The biggest sins.

Ghazwat-al-Khandaq

: The name of a battle between the early Muslims
and the infidels in which the Muslims dug a Khandaq (trench) round
Al-Madina to prevent any advance by the enemies.

Al-Kauthar

: A river in Paradise (See The Qur'ân, Sûrah No.108).

Al-Lât & Al-'Uzza

: Well-known idols in Hijaz which used to
be worshipped during the Pre-Islamic Period of Ignorance.

Al-Lizâm

: The settlement of affairs, in the Hadîth, it
refers to the battle of Badr, which was the means of settling affairs between
the Muslims and the pagans.

Al-Madina

: Well-known town in Saudi Arabia, where the Prophet's mosque
is situated.

Al-Maghâzi

: Plural of Ghazwâ (i.e. holy battle).

Al-Mahassab

: A valley outside Makka sometimes called Khaif Banî Kinana.

Al-Manâsî

: A vast plateau on the outskirts of Al-Madina.

Al-Masjid-al-Aqsâ

: The great mosque in Jerusalem.

Al-Masjid-al-Haram

: The great mosque in Makka. The Ka'ba is situated in it.

Al-Mut'a

: A temporary marriage which was allowed in the early
period of Islam when one was away from his home, but later on it was cancelled
(abrogated).

Al-Muta'awwilûn

: Those (ones) who form wrong opinions of Kufr
about their Muslim brothers.

Al-Qasâma

: The oath taken by 50 men of the tribe of a person
who is being accused of killing somebody.

Al-Qaswâ'

: The name of the Prophet'ssaw she-camel.

Al-Qisâs

: Laws of equality in punishment for wounds etc. in retaliation.

Al-Wâsil

: One who keeps good relations with his kith and kin.

Al-Yarmûk

: A place in Shâm.

Allahu-Akbar

: Allah is the Most Great.

Ama

: A female slave.

Amîn

: O Allah, accept our invocation.

Amma Ba'du

: An expression used for separating an introductory
from the main topics in a speech; the introductory being usually concerned
with Allah's Praises and Glorification. Literally it means, "whatever
comes after."

An-Najashi

: (Title for the) king of Ethiopia.

An-Najash

: A trick (of offering a very high price) for something
without the intention of buying it but just to allure and cheat somebody
else who really wants to buy it although it is not worth such a high price.

An-Najwa

: The private talk between Allah and each of His slaves
on the Day of Resurrection. It also means, a secret counsel or conference
or consultation. [See the Qur'ân (V.58: 7-13), and also see the F.N. of
(V.11:18)].(See Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol.3, Hadîth No. 621).

Ansâri

: The Companions of the Prophet sawfrom
the inhabitants of Al-Madina, who embraced Islam and supported it and who
received and entertained the Muslim emigrants from Makka and other places.

'Anza

: A spear-headed stick.

'Aqîqa

: It is the sacrificing of one or two sheep on the occasion
of the birth of a child, as a token of gratitude to Allah. (See Sahih
Al-Bukhari, The Book of 'Aqîqa, Vol. 7, Page No. 272).

'Aqra Halqa

: Is just an exclamatory expression, the literal
meaning of which is not meant always. It expresses disapproval.

'Arafât

: A famous place of pilgrimage on the south-east of Makka about
twenty-five kilometers from it.

Arak

: A tree from which Siwak (tooth brush) is made.

'Ariya (plural 'Arâyâ)

: Bai'-al-'Arayâ is a kind
of sale by which the owner of a 'Ariya is allowed to sell the fresh
dates while they are still over the palms by means of estimation, for dried
plucked dates. (See Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol.3, Ahadîth Nos.
389, 394 and 397).

Ar-Rajm

: Means (in Islamic Law) to stone to death those married
persons who commit the crime of illegal sexual intercourse.

'Arsh

: Compensation given in case of someone's injury caused
by another person.

Ar-Ruqya

: Divine Speech recited as a means of curing disease.
(It is a kind of treatment, i.e. to recite Sûrat Al-Fâtiha or any
other Sûrah of the Qur'ân and then blow one's breath with saliva
over a sick person's body-part).

'Asaba

: All male relatives of a deceased person, from the father's
side.

'Asb

: A kind of Yemeni cloth that is very coarse.

Ash-Shajara

: A well-known place on the way from Al-Madina to Makka.

Ash-Shiqâq

: Difference between husband and wife.

'Ashûra

: The 10th of the month of Muharram (the first month in the Islamic calendar).

'Asr

: Afternoon, 'Asr prayer time.

As-Sabâ

: Easterly wind.

As-Sâ'iba

: A she-camel which used to be let loose for free pastures
in the name of idols, gods, and false deities. (See the Noble Qur'ân 5:103).

As-Saum

: The fasting i.e., to not to eat or drink or
have sexual relations etc. from before the Adhân of the Fajr (early morning)
prayer till the sunset.

As-Sirât

: Sirât: originally means 'a road'; it also
means the bridge that will be laid across Hell-Fire for the people to pass
over on the Day of Judgement. It is described as sharper than a sword and
thinner than a hair. It will have hooks over it to snatch the people.

Ashâb As-Suffa

: They were about eighty men or more who used
to stay and have religious teachings in the Prophet's mosque in Al-Madina,
and they were very poor people.

At-Tan'îm

: A place towards the north of Makka outside the sanctuary
from where Makkans may assume the state of Ihrâm to perform 'Umra.

'Aura

: That part of the body which it is illegal to keep naked
before others.

: Plural of Wasq, which is a measure equal to 60
Sa's = 135 kgms. 1 Sa' = 3 kilograms (approx). It may be
less or more.

Ayât

: Proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations,
etc.

Ayât-ul-Kursi

: Qur'ânic Verse No. 255 of Sûrat Al-Baqara.

Azlâm

: Literally means "arrows". Here it means arrows
used to seek good luck or a decision, practised by the 'Arabs of Pre-Islamic
Period of Ignorance.

Badana

: (Plural : Budn) A camel or a cow or an ox driven
to be offered as a sacrifice, by the pilgrims at the sanctuary of Makka.

Badr

: A place about 150 kilometer to the south of Al-Madina, where
the first great battle in Islamic history took place between the early
Muslims and the infidels of Quraish.

Badhaq

: A kind of alcoholic drink prepared from grapes.

Bai'â (pledge)

: A pledge given by the citizens etc. to their
Imâm (Muslim ruler) to be obedient to him according to the Islamic
religion.

Bait-ul-Midras

: A place in Al-Madina (and it was a Jewish centre).

Bait-ul- Maqdis

: Bait' literally means 'House': a mosque is
frequently called Baitullah (the House of Allah). Bait-ul-Maqdis
is the famous mosque in Jerusalem which is regarded as the third greatest
mosque in the Islamic world; the first and second being Al-Masjid Al-Haram
at Makka and the mosque of the Prophet sawat Al-Madina,
respectively.

Banu Al-Asfar

: The Byzantines.

Balâm

: Means an ox.

Barrah

: Pious.

Baqi'

: The cemetery of the people of Al-Madina; many of the
companions of the Prophet saware buried in it.

Bid'a

: Heresy (or any innovated practice in religion).

Bint Labun

: Two-year-old she-camel.

Bint Makhad

: One-year-old she-camel.

Bu'ath

: A place about two miles from Al-Madina where a battle took
place between the Ansâr tribes of Al-Aus and Al-Khazraj before Islam.

Buraq

: An animal bigger than a donkey and smaller than a horse
on which the Prophet saw went for the Mi'raj. The
Ascent of the Prophet saw to the heavens.

Burd, Burda

: A black square narrow dress.

Burnus

: A hooded cloak.

Burud

: Plural of Barid which means sixteen Farsakhs.

Buthan

: A valley in Al-Madina.

Caliph

: The Imâm or the Muslim ruler.

Caliphate

: The Muslim state.

Daghâbis

: Snake cucumbers.It is a plural of Daghbûs.

Daiyân

: Allah; it literally means the One Who judges people
from their deeds after calling them to account.

Dâniq

: A coin equal to one sixth of a Dirham.

Dâr-al-Qadâ'

: Justice House (court).

Day of Nafr

: The 12th or 13th of Dhul-Hîjja when the
pilgrims leave Mina after performing all the ceremonies of Hajj at
'Arafat, Al-Muzdalifa and Mina.

Dhat-un-Nitâqain

: Asma', the daughter of Abu Bakr. It literally
mean a woman with two belts. She was named so by the Prophet saw.

Dhaw-ûl-Arhâm

: Kindred of blood.

Dhu-Mahram

: A male, whom a woman can never marry because of
close relationship (e.g. a brother, a father, an uncle etc.); or her own
husband.

Dhû-Tuwa

: A well-known well in Makka. In the life-time of the Prophet
saw Makka was a small city and this well was outside its
precincts. Now-a-days Makka is a larger city and the well is within its
boundaries.

Dhimmî

: A non-Muslim living under the protection of an Islamic
government.

Dhûl-Hîjja

: The twelfth month in the Islamic calendar.

Dhûl-Hulaifa

: The Miqât of the people of Al-Madina now called
'Abyâr 'Ali.

Dhûl-Khalâsa

: Al-Ka'ba Al-Yamaniya. (A house in Yemen where idols used
to be worshipped. It belonged to the tribe of Khath'am and Bajaila).

Dhûl-Qa'da

: The eleventh month of the Islamic calendar.

Dhûl Qarnain

: A great ruler in the past who ruled all over the world,
and was a true believer. His story is mentioned in the Qur'ân.(18:83)

Dîbâj

: Pure silk cloth.

Dinâr

: An ancient gold coin.

Dirham

: A silver coin weighing 50 grains of barley with cut ends.

Diya (Diyât plural)

: Blood-money (for wounds, killing
etc.), compensation paid by the killer to the relatives of the victim (in
unintentional cases).

Duha

: Forenoon.

'Eid-al-Adhâ

: The four day festival of Muslims starting on the
tenth day of Dhul-Hîjja (month).

'Eid-al-Fitr

: The three day festival of Muslims starting from
the first day of Shawwâl, the month that follows Ramadân immediately. Fitr
Iiterally means 'breaking the fast.' Muslims fast the whole of Ramadân,
the ninth month of the Islamic calendar and when Shawwâl comes, they break
their fast.

Fadak

: A town near Al-Madina.

Fâhish

: One who talks evil.

Fai'

: War booty gained without fighting.

Fajr

: Dawn or early morning before sunrise, or morning prayer.

Faqîh

: A learned man who can give religious verdicts.

Farâ'id

: Share fixed for the relatives of a deceased. Such shares
are prescribed in the Qur'ân [4:11, 12, 176] 1/2, 1/4, 1/3, 1/6 1/8, 2/3).

Faraq

: A bowl for measuring.

Farîda

: (Plural: Farâ'id) an enjoined duty.

Farruj

: A Qabâ' opened at the back.

Farsakh

: A distance of three miles : 1 mile = 6000 Dora =
1760 yards.

Fatâh

: A female slave or a young lady.

Fidya

: Compensation for a missed or wrongly practised religious
ceremony, usually in the form of money or foodstuff or offering (animal).

: (Plural : Ghazawât); A holy fighting in the cause
of Allah consisting of a large army unit with the Prophet saw himself leading the army.

Ghira

: This word covers a wide meaning : jealousy as regards
women, and also it is a feeling of great fury and anger when one's honour
and prestige is injured or challenged.

Ghulul

: Stealing from the war booty before its distribution.

Ghuraf

: Special abodes.

Ghusl

: Taking a bath in ceremonial way. This is necessary for
one who is Junub, and also on other occasions. This expression 'taking
a bath' is used in this book with the special meaning of Ghusl mentioned
here.

Hadath (Small)

: Passing wind or urine or answering the call
of nature.

Hadath (Big)

: Sexual discharge.

Hady

: An animal (a camel, a cow, a sheep or a goat) offered
as a sacrifice by the pilgrims.

Hadîth

: The statements of the Prophet saw ; i.e.
his sayings, deeds, and approvals, etc..

Hais

: A dish made of cooking-butter, dates and cheese.

Hajj

: Pilgrimage to Makka.

Al-Hajj-al-Akbar

: The day of Nahr (i.e the 10th of Dhul-Hîjja).

Hajj-al-Asghar

: 'Umra.

Hajjat-ul-Wadâ'

: The last Hajj of the Prophet saw, the year before he died.

Hajj Mabrûr

: Hajj accepted by Allah for being perfectly
performed according to the Prophet's Sunna and with legally earned
money.

Hajj At-Tamattu' and Al-Qirân

: Hajj performed with 'Umra preceding
it. For details, see Sahih Al-Bukhari, the Book of Hajj, Vol.2.

Hajjâm

: One who performs cupping.

Halal

: Lawful.

Hanatâ

: An expression used when you don't want to call somebody
by her name. (It is used for calling a female).

Hanif

: Pure Islamic Monotheism (Worshipping Allah Alone and nothing
else).

Harâm

: Unlawful, forbidden and punishable from the viewpoint
of religion.

Haram

: Sanctuaries of Makka and Al-Madina.

Hâraurâ

: A town in Iraq.

Harba

: A short spear.

Harj

: Killing.

Harra

: A well-known rocky place in Al-Madina covered with black stones.

Hasîr

: A mat that is made of leaves of date-palms and is as
long as (or longer than) a man's stature.

Hayâ'

: This term covers a large number of concepts. It may mean
'modesty', 'self-respect', 'bashfulness', 'honour', etc. Haya' is
of two kinds: good and bad; the good Hayâ' is to be ashamed to commit
a crime or a thing which Allah ÚÒ æ Ìá and His Messenger saw has forbidden, and bad Hayâ' is to be ashamed to do a thing,
which Allah and His Messenger saw ordered to do. (See Sahih
Al-Bukhari, Vol. 1, Hadîth No.8).

Hawâla

: The transference of a debt from one person to another.
It is an agreement whereby a debtor is released from a debt by another
becoming responsible for it.

Hawâzin

: A tribe of Quraish.

Henna

: A kind of plant used for dyeing hair etc.

Hilab

: A kind of scent.

Himâ

: A private pasture.

Himyân

: A kind of belt, part of which serves as a purse to keep
money in it.

Hiqqa

: A three-year-old she-camel.

Hira'

: A well-known cave in a mountain near Makka.

Hourîs

: Very fair females created by Allah as such not from
the off-spring of Adam, with intense black irises of their eyes and intense
white scleras.

Hubal

: The name of an idol in the Ka'ba in the Pre-Islamic
Period of Ignorance.

Hublâ

: A kind of desert tree.

Hudâ

: Chanting of camel-drivers keeping time of camel's walk.

Hudûd (plural of Hadd)

: Allah's boundary limits for Halâl
(lawful) and Haram (unlawful).

Hujra

: Courtyard of a dwelling place, or a room (See Lisân-e-Arab).

Hukm

: A judgement of legal decision (especially of Allah)

Hums

: The tribe of Quraish, their offspring and their allies
were called Hums. This word implies enthusiasm and strictness. The
Hums used to say, "We are the people of Allah." They thought
themselves superior to the other people.

Hunain

: A valley between Makka and Ta'if where the battle took place
between the Prophet saw and Quraish pagans.

: A state in which one is prohibited to practise
certain deeds that are lawful at other times. The ceremonies of 'Umra
and Hajj are performed during such state. When one assumes this
state, the first thing one should do is to express mentally and orally
one's intention to assume this state for the purpose of performing Hajj
or 'Umra. Then Talbîya is recited, two sheets of unstitched
clothes are the only clothes one wears, (1) Izâr: worn below one's
waist and the other (2) Rida: worn round the upper part of the
body.

Ihsân

: The highest level of deeds and worship, (perfection i.e.
when you worship Allah or do deeds, consider yourself as if you see Him
and if you cannot achieve this feeling or attitude, then you must bear
in mind that He sees you).

Ilâ'

: The oath taken by a husband that he would not approach
his wife for a certain period.

Iliyâ

: Jerusalem.

Imâm

: The person who leads others in the prayer or the Muslim
Caliph (or ruler).

Imân

: Faith, Belief.

Imlâs

: An abortion caused by being beaten over one's (a pregnant
wife's) abdomen.

Inbijâniya

: A woolen garment without marks.

Iqâma

: The statements of the Adhân are recited reduced
so that the statements that are expressed twice in the Adhân are
recited once in Iqâma except the last utterance of 'Allahu-Akbar,'
The prayer is offered immediately after Iqâma has been pronounced.

Iqamat-as-Salât

: The offering of the prayers perfectly. This
is not understood by many Muslims. It means:

(A) Each and every Muslim, male or female, is obliged to offer his prayers
regularly five times a day at the specified times; the male in the mosque
in congregation and the female at home. As the Prophet saw
has said: "Order your children for Salât (prayer) at the age
of seven and beat them (about it) at the age of ten". The chief (of
a family, town, tribe, etc.) and the Muslim ruler of a country are held
responsible before Allah in case of non-fulfilment of this obligation by
the Muslims under his authority.

(B) To offer the prayers in a way just as Prophet Muhammad
saw offered it with all its rules and regulations, as he saw
said: "Offer your prayers the way you see me offering them."
Please see Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol. 1 for the Prophet's way of praying,
in the book of characteristics of the prayer and that the prayer (Salât)
begins with Takbîr (Allahu-Akbar) with the recitation of
Sûrat Al-Fatiha etc. along with its various postures, standing,
bowing, prostrations, sitting etc. and it ends with Taslîm.

'Ishâ'

: Late evening prayer. Its time starts about one and a
half hours after sunset, till the middle of night.

Ishtimal-as-Sammâ

: The wearing of clothes in the following two
ways:

1. To cover one shoulder with a garment and leave the other bare.

2. To wrap oneself in a garment while sitting in such a way that nothing
of that garment would cover one's private parts.

: To give a verdict with a proof from one's heart [only)
with satisfaction, and one cannot express it (only Abû Hanifa and his pupils
say so but the rest of the Muslim religious scholars of Sunna (and
they are the majority) do not agree to it].

Istikhâra

: A prayer consisting of two Rakât in which
the praying person appeals to Allah to guide him on the right way, regarding
a certain deed or situation with which one is confronted. (See Hadîth
No. 263, Vol. 2, Hadîth No.391, Vol. 8, Hadîth No. 487,
Vol. 9, Sahih Al-Bukhari).

Istisqâ'

: A prayer consisting of two Rakât, invoking
Allah for rain in seasons of drought,

I'tikâf

: Seclusion in a mosque for the purpose of worshipping
Allah only. The one in such a state should not have sexual relations with
his wife, and one is not allowed to leave the mosque except for a very
short period, and that is only for very urgent necessity e.g. answering
the call of nature or joining a funeral procession etc.

Izâr

: A sheet worn below the waist to cover the lower half of
the body.

Jadha'a

: A four-year-old she-camel.

Jalîl

: A kind of good smelling grass grown in Makka.

Jam'

: Al-Muzdalifa, a well-known place near Makka.

Jamra

: A small stone-built pillar in a walled place. There are
three Jamras situated at Mina. One of the ceremonies of Hajj
is to throw pebbles at these Jamras on the four days of 'Eid-al-Adha
at Mina.

Jamrât-al-'Aqaba

: One of the three stone-built pillars situated
at Mina. It is situated at the entrance of Mina from the direction of Makka.

Janâba

: The state of a person after having sexual intercourse
with his wife or after having a sexual discharge in a wet dream. A person
in such a state should perform Ghusl (i.e. have a bath) or do Tayammum,
if a bath is not possible.

Janîb

: A good kind of date.

Jihâd

: Holy fighting in the Cause of Allah or any other kind
of effort to make Allah's Word (i.e. Islam) superior. Jihâd is regarded
as one of the fundamentals of Islam.

Jimâr

: Plural of Jamra.

Jinn

: A creation, created by Allah from fire, like human beings from
mud, and angels from light.

Jîzya

: Head tax imposed by Islam on all non-Muslims living under
the protection of an Islamic government. [See Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol.
4, Page No. 251 Chapter 21, and Ahadîth No. 384, 385 and 386.]

Jubba

: A cloak.

Jumada-ath-Thâniya

: Sixth month of the Islamic calendar.

Jumu'a

: Friday.

Junub

: A person who is in a state of Janâba.

Jurhum

: Name of an Arab tribe.

Ka'ba

: A square stone building in Al-Masjid-al-Haram (the
great mosque at Makka) towards which all Muslims turn there faces in prayer.

Kafâla

: The pledge given by somebody to a creditor to guarantee
that the debtor will be present at a certain specific place to pay his
debt or fine, or to undergo a punishment etc.

Kafir

: The one who disbelieves in Allah, His Messengers, all
the angels, all the holy Books, Day of Resurrection and in the Al-Qadar
(Divine Preordainments).

Kanz

: Hoarded up gold, silver and money, the Zakât of
which has not been paid. (See the Qur'ân 9:34).

Kasafat

: An Arabic verb meaning "eclipsed", used for
a solar eclipse: Ash-Shamsu Kasafat (the sun eclipsed).

Katm

: A plant used for dyeing hair.

Kauthar

: See Al-Kauthar.

Khadîra

: A kind of vegetation.

Khaibar

: A well-known town in the north of Al-Madina.

Khalîl

: The one whose love is mixed with one's heart and it
is superior to a friend or beloved. The Prophet saw had
only one Khalîl, i.e. Allah, but he had many friends.

: The people who dissented from the religion and disagreed
with the rest of the Muslims.

Khazîr

: A special type of dish prepared from barley-flour and
meat-soup.

Khazîra

: A special dish prepared from white flour, fat etc.

Khuff

: Leather socks.

Khul'

: (A kind of divorce) the parting of a wife from her husband
by giving him a certain compensation, or to return back the Mahr which
he gave her.

Khumra

: A small mat just sufficient for the face and the hands
(on prostrating during prayers).

Khums

: One-fifth of war booty given in Allah's Cause etc. (The
Qur'ân 8:41).

Khutba

: Sermon (religious talk).

Khutba of Nikâh

: A speech delivered at the time of concluding
the marriage contract.

Kuhl

: Antimony eye powder.

Kûfa

: A town in Iraq.

Kufr

: It is basically disbelief in any of the articles of Islamic
Faith and they are: to believe in Allah (God), His angels, His Messengers,
His revealed Books, the Day of Resurrection, and Al-Qadar (i.e.
Divine Preordain-ments whatever Allah has ordained must come to pass).

Kuniya

: Calling a man, O 'father of so-and-so!' Or calling a
woman, O'mother of so-and- so!' This is a custom of the Arabs.

Kusûf

: Solar eclipse.

La Ilaha ill Allâh

: None has the right to be worshipped but
Allah.

Labbaika wa Sa'daika

: I respond to Your Call; I am obedient to
Your Orders.

Li'ân

: An oath which is taken by both the wife and the husband
when he accuses his wife of committing illegal sexual intercourse. (The
Qur'ân, Sûrat Nûr,24 :6,7,8,9,).

Luqata

: Article or a thing (a pouch or a purse tied with a string)
found by somebody other than the owner who has lost it.

Mabrûr (Hajj)

: Accepted by Allah for being perfectly performed
according to the Prophet's legal ways and with legally earned money.

Maghâfîr

: A bad smelling gum.

Maghrib

: Sunset, evening prayer.

Mahram

: See Dhu-Mahram.

Mahr

: Bridal-money given by the husband to the wife at the time
of marriage.

Makrûh

: Not approved of, undesirable from the point of view
of religion, although not punishable.

Mamlûk

: A male slave.

Manâsik

: [i.e. Ihram, Tawaf of the Ka'ba and
Sâ'y of "As-Safâ" and "Al-Marwa", stay at 'Arafat,
Muzdalifa and Mina, Ramy of Jamrâts, slaughtering of Hady
(animal) etc. For details, see The Book of Hajj and 'Umra,
Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol.2-3.

Manîha (plural

:Manâ'îh): A sort of gift in the form of
a she-camel or a sheep which is given to somebody temporarily so that its
milk may be used and then the animal is returned to its owner.

Maqam Ibrahim

: (The place) the stone on which AbrahamÚáíå ÇáÓáÇã
stood while he and IshmaelÚáíå ÇáÓáÇã were building the Ka'ba.

Al-Maqam-al-Mahmûd

: The highest place in Paradise, which will
be granted to Prophet Muhammad saw and none else.

Mar'âs

: A place nearer to Mina than Ash-Shajara.

Al-Marwa

: A mountain in Makka, neighbouring the great mosque (i.e.
Al-Masjid-al-Haram)

Mâshâ' Allah

: An Arabic sentence meaning literally, "What
Allah wish," and it indicates a good omen.

Masjid

: Mosque.

Mashruba

: Attic room.

Mathânî

: Oft repeated Verses of the Qur'ân, and that is Sûrat
Al-Fatiha, recited repeatedly in the prayer.

Maulâ

: It has many meanings. Some are: a manumitted slave, or
a master or the Lord (Allah).

Maulâya

: My lord, my master (an expression used when a slave
addresses his master (also used for freed slave).

Mayâthir

: Silk cushions.

Mijanna

: A place at Makka.

Mina

: A place outside Makka on the road to 'Arafat. It is five miles
away from Makka and about 10 miles from 'Arafât.

Miqât (plural Mawâqît)

: One of the several places specified
by the Prophet saw for the people to assume Ihrâm at,
on their way to Makka, when intending to perform Hajj or 'Umra.

: A slave who is promised by his master to be manumitted
after the latter's death.

Mudd

: A measure of two thirds of a kilogram (approx.) It may
be less or more.

Mufassal or Mufassalat

: The Sûrah starting from
'Qaf to the end of the Holy Qur'ân (i.e. from No. 50 to the end
of the Qur'ân 114).

Muhâjir

: Anyone of the early Muslims who had migrated from any
place to Al-Madina in the life-time of the Prophet saw before
the conquest of Makka and also the one who emigrates for the sake of Allah
and Islam and also the one who quits all those things which Allah has forbidden.

Muhrim

: One who assumes the state of Ihrâm for the purpose
of performing the Hajj or 'Umra.

Muhrima

: A female in the state of Ihrâm.

Muhsar

: A Muhrim who intends to perform the Hajj or
'Umra but cannot because of some obstacle.

Mujâhid

: A Muslim warrior in Jihâd (Plural: Mujahidûn).

Mujazziz

: A Qâ'if: a learned man who reads the foot
and hand marks.

Mujtahidûn

: Independent religious scholars who do not follow
religious opinions except with proof from the Qur'an and the Prophet's
Sunna, from all over the Muslim world.

Mukatab

: A slave (male or female) who binds himself (or herself)
to pay a certain ransom for his (or her) freedom.

Mulâ'ana

: The act of performing Li'ân.

Mulhidûn

: Heretical.

Muqaiyar

: A name of a pot in which alcoholic drinks used to
be prepared.

Musalla

: A praying place.

Mushrikûn

: Polytheists, pagans, idolaters and disbelievers in
the Oneness of Allah and His Messenger Muhammad saw

Mustahada

: A woman who has bleeding from the womb in between
her ordinary periods.

Mutafahhish

: A person who conveys evil talk.

Mu'takif

: One who is in a state of I'tikaf.

Mutashâbihât

: Qur'ânic Verses which are not clear and are difficult
to understand.

Mutras

: A Persian word meaning "don't be afraid."

Muttaqûn

: Pious and righteous persons who fear Allah much (abstain
from all kinds of sins and evil deeds which He has forbidden) and love
Allah much (perform all kinds of good deeds which He has ordained).

Muzâbana

: The sale of fresh dates for dried dates by measure,
and the sale of fresh grapes for dried grapes by measure. In both cases
the dried fruits are measured while the fresh ones are only estimated as
they are still on the trees.

Muzaffat

: A name of a pot in which alcoholic drinks used to
be prepared.

Muzdalifa

: A place between 'Arafat and Mina where the pilgrims while
returning from 'Arafat, have to stop and stay for the whole night or greater
part of it (the night), between the ninth and tenth of Dhul-Hîjja and to
perform the Maghrib and 'Ishâ' prayers (together) there.

Muharram

: The first month of the Islamic calendar.

Nabîdh

: Water in which dates or grapes etc. are soaked and is
not yet fermented.

Nafr (day of)

: The 12th and 13th of Dhul-Hîjja when the pilgrims
leave Mina after performing all the ceremonies of Hajj at 'Arafat,
Al-Muzdalifa and Mina.

Nahd

: Sharing the expenses of a journey or putting the journey
food of the travellers together to be distributed among them in equal shares.

Nahr

: (Literal: slaughtering of the camels only and is done
by cutting carotid artery at the root of the neck); the day of Nahr
is the tenth of Dhul-Hîjja on which pilgrims slaughter their sacrifices.

Nâdîha

: A camel used for agricultural purposes.

Nâdy

: A part of an arrow.

Namîma

: (Calumnies) conveyance of disagreeable false information
from one person to another to create hostility between them.

Naqîb (s)

: A person heading a group of six persons in an expedition
(tribal chiefs).

Naqîr

: A name of a pot in which alcoholic drinks used to be
prepared.

Nasl

: A part of an arrow.

Nawâfil

: (plural of Nafila), Optional practice of worship in contrast to obligatory (Farîda).

: Singular of Ansâb. An-Nusub were stone
alters at fixed places or graves, etc., whereon sacrifices were slaughtered
during fixed periods of occasions and seasons in the name of idols, jinns,
angels, pious men, saints, etc., in order to honour them, or to expect
some benefit from them.

Nusuk

: A sacrifice.

Prophet

: A person who is inspired divinely.

Qabâ'

: An outer garment with full length sleeves.

Qadar

: Divine Pre-Ordainment.

Lailat-ul-Qadr

: One of the odd last ten nights of the month
of fasting (i.e. Ramadân), Allah ÊÚÇáì describes it as better than one
thousand months, and the one who worships Allah during it by performing
optional prayers and reciting the Holy Qur'ân, etc. will get a reward better
than worshipping Him for one thousand months (i.e. 83 years and four months).[See
the Qur'ân Sûrat 97 (V.97: 1-5)]. (See Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol.
3, Hadîth No. 231 and Chapter No.2).

Qalîb

: A well.

Qâri'

: Early Muslim religious scholar was called Qurrâ' (plural
of Qarî). (This word is also used for a person who knows the Qur'ân
by heart). The plural is Qurrâ'. The Qurrâ' were teachers
of the early Muslims.

Qarin

: One who performs Hajj-al-Qiran.

Qarn-al-Manazil

: The Miqât of the people of Najd. It
is situated on the way to Makka.

Qasab

: Pipes made of gold, pearls and other precious stones.

Qatîfa

: Thick soft cloth.

Qattât

: A person who conveys information from someone to another
with the intention of causing harm and enmity between them. (Sahih Al-Bukhari,
Vol. 8, Hadîth No.82).

Qiblah

: The direction in which all Muslims turn their faces
in prayers and that direction is towards the Ka'ba in Makka (Saudi
Arabia).

: A kind of cloth containing silk; some say it is called
so because it is manufactured in Egypt at a place called Qiss.

Qithâm

: A plant disease which causes fruit to fall before ripening.

Qiyâm

: The standing posture in prayer.

Qiyâs

: Verdicts and judgements given by the Islamic religious
scholars. These are given on the following proofs respectively:-

(A) From the Qur'ân;
(B) From the Prophet's "Sunna."
(C) From the unanimously accepted verdict of the Mujtahidûn;
(D) Qiyâs: i.e. the verdict given by a Mujtahid who considered the
case similar in comparison with a case judged by the Prophet saw .
Qiyâs is not to be practised except if the judgement of the case is not
found in the first three above mentioned proofs, A, B and C.

Qubâ'

: A place on the outskirts of Al-Madina.
The Prophet saw established a mosque there, which bears the same name. A visit
to that mosque on Saturday forenoon and offering a two Rak'ât prayer
is regarded as a performance of 'Umra in reward according to the
Prophet's saying.

Qudhadh

: A part of an arrow.

Qumqum

: A narrow headed vessel.

Qunut

: Invocation in the prayer.

Quraish

: One of the greatest tribes in Arabia in the Pre-Islamic Period
of Ignorance. The Prophet Muhammad saw belonged to this
tribe, which had great powers spiritually and financially both before and
after Islam came.

Quraishi

: A person belonging to the Quraish (well-known Arab) tribe.

Rabb

: Lord, Owner (it is also one of the Names of Allah).

Rabbuk

: Your Lord, Your Master.

Rabî'-ul-Awwal

: Third month of the Islamic calendar.

Rahila

: A she-camel used for riding. (Literally means: a mount
to ride).

Raiyan

: The name of one of the gates of Paradise through which
the people who often observe fasting will enter.

Rajab

: The seventh month of the Islamic calendar.

Rajaz

: Name of poetic metre.

Rak'â

: The prayer of Muslims consists of Rak'ât (singular-Rak'â),
which consists of one standing, one bowing and two prostrations.

Ramadân

: The month of fasting. It is the ninth month of the Islamic
calendar. In it the Holy Qur'ân started to be revealed to our Prophet saw
and in it occurs the night of Qadr and in it also
occurred the great decisive battle of Badr.

Ramal

: Fast walking accompanied by the movements of the arms
and legs to show one's physical strength. This is to be observed in the
first three rounds of the Tawâf around the Ka'ba, and is
to be done by the men only and not by the women.

Ramy

: The throwing of pebbles at the Jimar at Mina.

Ribâ' (Usury)

: Usury which is of two major kinds: (a) Ribâ'
Nasî'a, i.e. interest on lent money; (b) Ribâ' Fadl, i.e. taking
a superior thing of the same kind of goods by giving more of the same kind
of goods of inferior quality, e.g., dates of superior quality for dates
of inferior quality in greater amount. Islam strictly forbids all kinds
of usury.

Ridâ'

: A piece of cloth (sheet etc.) worn around the upper part
of the body.

Rikâz

: Buried wealth (from the pre-Islamic period).

Ruh-ul-Lah

: According to the early religious scholars from among
the companions of the Prophet saw and their students and
the Mujtahidûn, there is a rule to distinguish between the two nouns
in the genitive construction.

(A) When one of the two nouns is Allah, and the other is a person of
a thing, e.g.,

The rule of the above words is that the second noun, e.g., House, Messenger,
slave, spirit, etc. is created by Allah and is honourable in His Sight
and similarly Allah's spirit may be understood as the spirit of Allah,
in fact, it is a soul created by Allah, i.e. Jesus, and it was His Word:
"Be!", - and he was created (like the creation of Adam).

(B) But when one of the two is Allah and the second is neither a person
nor a thing, then it is not a created thing but is a quality of Allah,
e.g.,

: A kind of gift in the form of a house given to somebody
to live in as long as he is alive.

Sâ'

: A measure that equals four Mudds (3 kg. approx).

Sab'a-al-Mathânî

: The seven repeatedly recited Verses i.e.
Sûrat Al-Fatiha.

Sabâhâh

: An exclamation indicating an appeal for help.

Sâbi'ûn

: A passed nation used to live in Iraq say Lâ Ilâha
ill Allâh (none has the right to be worshipped but Allah) and used
to read Az-Zabur (The Psalms of the Sâbi'ûns) and they were
neither Jews nor Christians.

Sa'dan

: A thorny plant suitable for grazing animals.

Sadaqâ

: Anything given in charity.

As-Safa and Al-Marwa

: Two mountains at Makka neighbouring Al-Masjid-Al-Haram
(the great mosque) to the east. One who performs 'Umra and Hajj
should walk seven times between these two mountains and that is called
'Sâ'y'.

Sahba

: A place near Khaibar.

Sahw

: Forgetting (here it means forgetting how many Rak'ât
a person has prayed in which case he should perform two prostrations
of Sahw).

Sahûr

: A meal taken at night before the Fajr (morning)
prayer by a fasting person.

Sa'y

: The going for seven times between the mountains of As-Safâ
and Al-Marwa in Makka during the performance of Hajj and 'Umra.

Sayyid

: Master (it is also used as a title name of the descendants
of the Prophet saw ).

Sayyidi

: My master.

Sakînah

: Tranquillity, calmness, peace and reassurance etc.

Salab

: Belongings (arms, horse, etc.) of a deceased warrior
killed in a battle.

Salaf

: A sale in which the price is paid at once for goods to
be delivered later.

Salam

: Synonym of Salaf.

Sami' Allahu

:

Liman Hamidah

: Allah heard him who sent his praises to Him.

Samur

: A kind of tree.

Sanah

: Means 'good' in the Ethiopian language.

Sarîya

: A small army-unit sent by the Prophet saw for Jihâd, without his participation in it.

Sarîf

: A place six miles away from Makka.

Sawîq

: A kind of mash made of powdered roasted wheat or barley
grain (also with sugar and dates).

Sha'bân

: The eighth month of the Islamic calendar.

Shâm

: The region comprising Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Jordan.

Shawwâl

: The tenth month of the Islamic calendar.

Shighâr

: A type of marriage in which persons exchange their
daughters or sisters in marriage without Mahr.

Shirak

: A leather strap.

Shirk

: Polytheism and it is to worship others along with Allah.
(See the Appendix II at the end of the Book).

Shuf'a

: Pre-emption.

Siddiq and Siddiqûn

: Those followers of the Prophets who
were first and foremost to believe in them (See the Qur'ân 4:69).

Sidr

: Lote tree (or Nabk tree).

Sidrat-ul-Muntahâ

: A Nabk tree over the seventh heaven near the
Paradise (the lote tree of the utmost boundary)

Siffin (battle of)

: A battle that took place between 'Ali's followers
and Mu'awiya's followers at the river of the Euphrates in 'Iraq.

Siwak

: A piece of a root of a tree called Al-Arak, used
as a toothbrush.

Subhân Allah

: To honour Allah and make Him free from all that
(unsuitable evil things) that are ascribed to Him (or Glorified be Allah).

Suhûliya

: A cotton cloth, its name is derived from the name
of a village in Yemen called Suhul.

Sundus

: A kind of silk cloth.

Sunna (legal ways)

: Literally means: legal way or ways, orders,
acts of worship and statements etc. of the Prophet saw,
that have become models to be followed by the Muslims.

Sutra

: An object like a pillar, wall or stick, a spear etc.,
the height of which should not be less than a foot and must be in front
of a praying person to act as a symbolical barrier between him and the
others.

Tâba (Taiba)

: Another name for Al-Madina.

Tabûk

: A well-known town about 700 kilometers north of Al-Madina.

Tâghût

: The word Tâghût covers a wide range meanings: It means
anything worshipped other than the Real God (Allah), i.e. all the false
deities. It may be Satan, devils, idols, stones, sun, stars, angels, human
beings e.g. Jesus, Messengers of Allah, who were falsely worshipped and
taken as Tâghûts. Likewise saints, graves, rulers, leaders, etc.,
are falsely worshipped, and wrongly followed.

Tahajjud

: Night optional prayers offered at any time after Ishâ
prayers and before the Fajr prayer.

Tahnîk

: It is the Islamic customary process of chewing a piece
of date etc.and putting a part of its juice in the child's mouth and pronouncing
Adhân in child's ears, etc. (See Sahih Al-Bukhari, the Book
of 'Aqîqa, Vol. 7, Page No. 272).

: On finishing the prayer, one turns one's face to the
right and then to the left saying, Assalamu 'Alaikum wa Rahmatullah
(Peace and Mercy of Allah be on you), and this action is called Taslîm.
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Tauhîd

: It has three aspects; A, B and C:

(A) Oneness of the Lordship of Allah; Tauhîd-ar-Rububiyya: To
believe that there is only one Lord for all the universe, its Creator,
Organizer, Planner, Sustainer, and the Giver of Security, etc., and that
is Allah.

(B) Oneness of the worship of Allah; Tauhîd-al-Uluhiyya: To believe
that none has the right to be worshipped [e.g. praying, invoking, asking
for help (from the unseen), swearing, slaughtering sacrifices, giving charity,
fasting, pilgrimage, etc.], but Allah.

(C) Oneness of the Names and the Qualities of Allah; Tauhîd-al-Asmâ
was-Sifat: To believe that : (i) we must not name or qualify Allah
except with what He or His Messenger saw has named or qualified
Him; (ii) none can be named or qualified with the Names or Qualifications
of Allah; e.g. Al-Karim; (iii) we must confirm Allah's all qualifications
which Allah has stated in His Book (the Qur'ân) or mentioned through His
Messenger (Muhammad saw ) without changing them or ignoring
them completely or twisting the meanings or giving resemblance to any of
the created things; e.g. Allah is present over His Throne as mentioned
in the Qur'ân. (V. 20 : 5): "The Most Beneficent (i.e. Allah) Istawa
(rose over) the (Mighty) Throne" over the seventh heaven; and He only
comes down over the first (nearest) heaven (to us) during the day of 'Arafât
(Hajj, i.e. 9th Dhul-Hijja) and also during the last third part
of the night, as mentioned by the Prophet saw , but He is
with us by His Knowledge only, not by His Personal Self (Bi-Dhatihi),
"There is nothing like unto Him, and He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer."
(The Qur'ân, V. 42:11).

This holy Verse confirms the quality of hearing and the quality of sight
for Allah without resemblance to others; and likewise He also said:

"To one whom I have created with Both My Hands," (V. 38:75);
and He also said:

"The Hand of Allah is over their hands.": (V. 48:10, The Qur'ân).
This confirms two Hands for Allah, but there is no similarity for them.

This is the Faith of all true believers, and was the Faith of all the
Prophets of Allah from Noah, Abraham, Moses and Christ till the last of
the Prophets, Muhammad saw . It is not like as some people
think that Allah is present every-where, here, there and even inside the
breasts of men.

These three aspects of Tauhîd are included in the meanings of
Lâ ilâha ill Allâh (none has the right to be worshipped but Allah).

It is also essential to follow Allah's Messenger Muhammad saw :
Wajûb Al-Itteba' and it is a part of Tauhîd-al-Uluhiyya.
This is included in the meaning: "I testify that Muhammad
saw is the Messenger of Allah" and this means, "None
has the right to be followed after Allah's Book (the Qur'ân), but Allah's
Messenger saw ". [See the Qur'ân (V. 59:7) and (V.
3:31)].

Tawâf

: The circumambulation of the Ka'ba.

Tawâf-al-Ifâda

: The circumambulation of the Ka'ba by
the pilgrims after they come from Mina on the tenth day of Dhul-Hîjja.
This Tawâf is one of the essential ceremonies (Rukn) of the
Hajj.

Tawâf-ul-Wadâ'

: The Tawâf made before leaving Makka.

Tayammum

: To put or strike lightly the hands over clean earth
and then pass the palm of each on the back of the other, blow off the dust
and then pass them on the face. This is performed instead of ablution (Wudu)
and Ghusl (in case of Janaba etc.) See Sahih Al-Bukhari,
Vol. 1, Hadîth No. 334 and 340.

Thâniyât-al-Wadâ'

: A place near Al-Madina.

Tharîd

: A kind of meal, prepared from meat and bread.

Thaur

: A well-known mountain in Al-Madina.

Tilâ'

: A kind of alcoholic drink prepared from grapes.

Tubbân

: Shorts that cover the knees (used by wrestlers).

Tulaqâ'

: Those persons who had embraced Islam on the day of
the conquest of Makka.

Tûr

: A mountain.

Uhud

: A well-known mountain in Al-Madina. One of the great battles
in the Islamic history took place at its foot. This battle is called Ghazwa
Uhud.

'Umra

: A visit to Makka during which one performs the Tawâf
around the Ka'ba and the Sâ'y between As-Safâ and Al-Marwa.
(See Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol. 3, Page 1).

'Umra

: Synonym of Ruqba.

Umm-al-Walad

: A slave woman who begets a child for her master.

Uqiya

: 128 grams. It may be less or more according to different
countries.

'Urfut

: The tree which produces Maghafîr.

'Ushr

: One tenth of the yield of land to be levied for public
assistance (Zakât). (See Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol. 2, Hadîth
No. 560).

Waihaka

: May Allah be Merciful to you.

Wailaka

: 'Woe upon you!'

Walâ'

: A kind of relationship (between the master who freed
a slave and the freed slave).

Walî [plural Auliyâ]

: Protector, Guardian, Supporter,
Helper, Friend etc.

Walîma

: The marriage banquet.

Waqf

: Religious endowment.

Wars

: A kind of perfume.

Wasaya

: Wills or testaments.

Wasq:

: (plural Awsaq or or Awsuq) A measure equal to 60 Sa's = 135 kg. approx. It may be less or more.

Wisâl

: Fasting for more than one day continuously.

Witr

: An odd number of Rak'ât with which one finishes
one's prayers at night after the night prayer or the Ishâ prayer.

Yakhsifan

: Eclipse.

Yalamlam

: The Miqât of the people of Yemen.

Yamâma

: A place in Saudi Arabia towards Najd.

Yaqîn

: Perfect absolute Faith.

Yathrib

: One of the names of Al-Madina.

Zakât

: A certain fixed proportion of the wealth and of the each
and every kind of the property liable to Zakât of a Muslim to be
paid yearly for the benefit of the poor in the Muslim community. The payment
of Zakât is obligatory as it is one of the five pillars of Islam.
Zakât is the major economic means for establishing social justice
and leading the Muslim society to prosperity and security. [See Sahih
Al-Bukhari, Vol. 2, Book of Zakât (24)].

Zakât-ul-Fitr

: An obligatory Sadaqâ to be given by Muslims
before the prayer of 'Eid-ul-Fitr (See Sahih Al-Bukhari, Vol.
2, The Book of Zakât-al-Fitr, Page No. 339).