1.
South Australian Legislative Council
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The Legislative Council, or upper house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of South Australia. Its central purpose is to act as a house of review for legislation passed through the lower house and it sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The fourth-term South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party has been in government since the 2002 election, the upper house has 22 members elected for eight-year terms by proportional representation, with 11 members facing re-election every four years. It is elected in a manner to its federal counterpart. Casual vacancies—where a member resigns or dies—are filled by a joint sitting of houses, who then elect a replacement. The Legislative Council currently consists of members from the parties, Labor, Liberal, Greens, Family First, Dignity. The Legislative Council was the first parliament in South Australia, having been created in 1840 and it was originally appointed by the Governor, and only served in an advisory capacity, as the governor retained almost all legislative powers. It was expanded slightly in 1843, when several prominent landowners were allowed to join, in the same year, proceedings were opened to the general public. After the changes, it consisted of 24 members, four official and four non-official members, the right to vote for these positions was not universal, however, being limited to propertied men. In addition, the reforms meant that the Governor no longer oversaw proceedings, in 1856, the Legislative Council prepared what was to become the 1857 Constitution of South Australia. This laid out the means for true self-government, and created a bicameral system, while all adult males could vote in the new Assembly, the Council continued to limit voting rights to the wealthier classes, suffrage was dependent on certain property and wage requirements. Women earned the right to vote in the Council at the time as the Assembly, in 1895. The council had its purpose in replicating the British House of Lords as a house of review in a colonial context. From inception to 1902 it had 24 members, until 1915,18 members, the electoral districts were drawn to favour regional areas with a 2,1 bias in place, with half of the council being elected each time. From 1915 to 1975, Labor did not gain more than two members at each election, with the conservative parties always holding a sizeable majority, the conservative members in the council were very independent, and differed markedly from their counterparts in the House of Assembly. During the long reign of Liberal and Country League Premier Sir Thomas Playford, they would prove to be an irritant, and Labor support was sometimes required for bills to pass. When a Labor government was elected in 1965 and began introducing social legislation that was anathema to LCL councillors, they would delay, obstruct. The councillors, however, saw their actions necessary to oppose, radical moves that I feel would not be in the permanent will of the people

2.
South Australian state election, 1985
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State elections were held in South Australia on 7 December 1985. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election, the incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Premier of South Australia John Bannon defeated the Liberal Party of Australia led by Leader of the Opposition John Olsen. Bannons consensual approach to government differed markedly from the Dunstan era, while then there had been a stream of social reform under Dunstan, Bannons priorities were oriented in economics. Poker machines were introduced in South Australia, a decision Bannon would come to regret decades later, other measures were introduced such as action to prevent destruction of vegetation and urban renewal programmes to invigorate some of the declining inner suburbs in Adelaide. Labor won the election with an increased majority, the Liberal Party retained John Olsen as leader, partly because his main rival Dean Brown lost his seat to Independent Liberal Stan Evans. In the South Australian Legislative Council, the balance of power was held unbroken by the Australian Democrats from their inception in mid-1970s

3.
South Australian state election, 1989
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State elections were held in South Australia on 25 November 1989. All 47 seats in the South Australian House of Assembly were up for election, the incumbent Australian Labor Party led by Premier of South Australia John Bannon defeated the Liberal Party of Australia led by Leader of the Opposition John Olsen. The John Olsen-led Liberal Party of Australia failed to win office despite gaining 51.9 percent of the two-party vote, bannons government had initially presided over an economic boom, but at the time of the election the economy had slowed due to the late 1980s recession. The Liberals campaign blamed Bannon for the economic conditions. The Liberals gained several seats, but Labor held power with of the support of the two independent Labor members and it was only the second time that a Labor government in South Australia had been re-elected for a third term, however it would be the first eleven-year-incumbent Labor government. Before the election, the Liberal Party made allegations of a Labor gerrymander, while Labor had not instituted any type of imbalanced electoral legislation, it had nonetheless not issued a redistribution since 1983. The electoral districts, with the correct 10 percent tolerances at the time, had not been updated, one element of the Playmander remains to this day − the change from multi-member to single-member seats. Olsen was replaced as Liberal leader by Dale Baker in 1990 and he did not contest an election as leader, resigning the leadership to Dean Brown in 1992. The 1990 Custance by-election, the 1992 Alexandra by-election and the 1992 Kavel by-election saw the Liberals retain each of the seats. In the South Australian Legislative Council, the balance of power was held unbroken by the Australian Democrats from their inception in mid-1970s

4.
Australian Democrats
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The Australian Democrats was a centrist political party in Australia with a social-liberal ideology. The party was formed in 1977, a merger of the Australia Party, though never achieving a seat in the House of Representatives, the party had considerable influence in the Senate for the following thirty years. Its representation in the Parliament of Australia ended on 30 June 2008, as of October 2012, the party had effectively disintegrated and control of what remained was contested by two factions associated with two former parliamentarians. The party was deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission on 16 April 2015 due to the failure to demonstrate requisite 500 members to maintain registration. The party was founded on principles of honesty, tolerance, compassion and direct democracy through postal ballots of all members, by which a carefully engineered elite could make decisions for the members. Dispute resolution procedures were established, with recourse to a party ombudsman. The Australian Democrats were the first representatives of politics at the federal level in Australia. They played a key role in the cause célèbre of the Franklin River Dam, the partys centrist role made it subject to criticism from both the right and left of the political spectrum. In particular, Chipps former conservative affiliation was frequently recalled by opponents on the left, however, at the 2004 and 2007 federal elections, all seven of its Senate seats were lost. The last remaining State parliamentarian, David Winderlich, left the party and was defeated as an independent in 2010, the Centre-Line Party was the provisional title of the Australian Democrats party. On that occasion, Chipp declined to commit himself but did so at a public meeting in Melbourne on 9 May 1977. The new party was renamed the Australian Democrats by a ballot of its membership. After the ballot, the suggestion of the Steering Committee, Australian Democrats, was overwhelmingly accepted, the name Australian Democrats was already in informal currency before this decision. The first Australian Democrats federal parliamentarian was Senator Janine Haines who filled Steele Halls casual Senate vacancy for South Australia in 1977, surprisingly, she was not a candidate when the party contested the 1977 federal elections after Don Chipp had agreed to be leader and figurehead. Members and candidates were not lacking in experience, since the Australia Party had been contesting all federal elections since 1969. The partys broad aim was to achieve a balance of power in one or more parliaments, at that time, with five Senate seats being contested in each state, the required quota was a daunting 16.66 per cent. However, the first 6-year-term seats were won by Don Chipp, a party in which dictatorship from the top was replaced by consensus. A party not ordered about by big business and the rich, a party where a man could retain freedom of conscience and not thereby be faced with expulsion

5.
Parliament of South Australia
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The Parliament of South Australia at Parliament House, Adelaide is the bicameral legislature of the Australian state of South Australia. It consists of the 47-seat House of Assembly and the 22-seat Legislative Council, all of the lower house and half of the upper house is filled at each election. It follows a Westminster system of parliamentary government, the fourth-term South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party has been in government since the 2002 election. The Queen is represented in the State by the Governor of South Australia, however, the same role and powers are granted to them. The 47-seat lower house consists of 24 Labor,21 Liberal and 2 independents, Geoff Brock, following the 2014 election, the lower house consisted of 23 Labor,22 Liberal and 2 independents, Geoff Brock and Bob Such. Hamilton-Smith became an independent shortly after the election, reducing the Liberals to 21 seats, both Hamilton-Smith and fellow independent Geoff Brock are in cabinet and provide confidence and supply while retaining the right to vote on conscience. Labor went from minority to majority government when Nat Cook won the 2014 Fisher by-election which was triggered by the death of Bob Such, despite this, the Jay Weatherill Labor government kept crossbench MPs Brock and Hamilton-Smith in cabinet, giving the government a 26 to 21 parliamentary majority. As with the rest of the crossbench, Bedford will continue to provide confidence, the 22-seat upper house consists of eight Labor, eight Liberal, two Greens, two Family First, one Dignity for Disability and one Nick Xenophon Team MLCs. The Parliament of South Australia began in 1857, when the colony was granted self-government, women gained the right to vote and stand for election in 1895, taking effect at the 1896 election. South Australia became a state of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901 following a vote to Federate with the other British colonies of Australia, while smaller than the Eastern states, South Australia has often been at the vanguard of political and social change in Australia. The House of Assembly is made up of 47 members who are elected by the full-preference instant-runoff voting system in single-member electorates. The leader of the government becomes the Premier, while South Australias total population is 1.7 million, Adelaides population is 1. At the 2014 election for example, although the state-wide two-party vote was 47. 0% Labor v 53. 0% Liberal, the metropolitan area recorded a 2PP of 51. 5% Labor v 48. 5% Liberal. The Legislative Council is made up of 22 councillors who are elected for the state by the single transferable voting system to serve for a term of 8 years. Elections for the Legislative Council are staggered so that 11 seats are up for re-election every 4 years, the primary function of the Legislative Council is to review legislation which has been passed by the House of Assembly. The seat of the Parliament of South Australia is Parliament House in the capital of Adelaide. Parliament House sits on the North-Western corner of the intersection of King William Street, list of elections in South Australia Parliaments of the Australian states and territories Official openings by the monarch in Australia Parliament of South Australia Homepage

6.
South Australian House of Assembly
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The House of Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the Parliament of South Australia. The other is the Legislative Council and it sits in Parliament House in the state capital, Adelaide. The fourth-term South Australian Branch of the Australian Labor Party has been in government since the 2002 election, the 47-seat house consists of 24 Labor,21 Liberal and 2 independents, Geoff Brock and Martin Hamilton-Smith. Following the 2014 election, the house consisted of 23 Labor,22 Liberal and 2 independents, Geoff Brock. Hamilton-Smith became an independent shortly after the election, reducing the Liberals to 21 seats, both Hamilton-Smith and fellow independent Geoff Brock are in cabinet and provide confidence and supply while retaining the right to vote on conscience. Labor went from minority to majority government when Nat Cook won the 2014 Fisher by-election which was triggered by the death of Bob Such, despite this, the Jay Weatherill Labor government kept crossbench MPs Brock and Hamilton-Smith in cabinet, giving the government a 26 to 21 parliamentary majority. As with the rest of the crossbench, Bedford will continue to provide confidence, the House of Assembly was created in 1857, when South Australia attained self-government. In 1895, the House of Assembly granted women the right to vote – the second place in the world to do so after New Zealand in 1893 – and the first to allow women to stand for election. The House of Assembly has had 47 members since the 1970 election, each coming from a single-member constituency and these are commonly known as seats, and are intended to represent approximately the same population in each electorate. Voting is by preferential voting with complete preference allocation, as with the equivalent federal chamber, all members face re-election approximately every four years. The most recent election was held on 15 March 2014, most legislation is initiated in the House of Assembly. The party or coalition with a majority of seats in the house is invited by the Governor to form government. The leader of that party becomes Premier of South Australia, as Australian MPs almost always vote along party lines, almost all legislation introduced by the governing party will pass through the House of Assembly. As with the parliament and Australian other states and territories. Voting in the House of Assembly had originally been voluntary, while South Australias total population is 1.7 million, Adelaides population is 1. At the 2014 election for example, although the state-wide two-party vote was 47. 0% Labor v 53. 0% Liberal,24 votes as a majority are required to pass legislation