(6) This is quite a mistake: I know very little of what has been written
concerning these people: even the work of Grellmann had not come beneath
my perusal at the time of the publication of the first edition OF THE ZINCALI,
which I certainly do not regret: for though I believe the learned German
to be quite right in his theory with respect to the origin of the Gypsies,
his acquaintance with their character, habits, and peculiarities, seems to
have been extremely limited.

(7) Good day.

(8) Glandered horse.

(9) Two brothers.

(10) The edition here referred to has long since been out of print.

(11) It may not be amiss to give the etymology of the word engro, which so
frequently occurs in compound words in the English Gypsy tongue:- the EN
properly belongs to the preceding noun, being one of the forms of the genitive
case; for example, Elik-EN boro congry, the great Church or Cathedral of
Ely; the GRO or GEIRO (Spanish GUERO), is the Sanscrit KAR, a particle much
used in that language in the formation of compounds; I need scarcely add
that MONGER in the English words Costermonger, Ironmonger, etc., is derived
from the same root.

(12) For the knowledge of this fact I am indebted to the well-known and
enterprising traveller, Mr. Vigne, whose highly interesting work on Cashmire
and the Panjab requires no recommendation from me.

(13) Gorgio (Spanish GACHO), a man who is not a Gypsy: the Spanish Gypsies
term the Gentiles Busne, the meaning of which word will be explained farther
on.

(18) In the above little tale the writer confesses that there are many things
purely imaginary; the most material point, however, the attempt to sack the
town during the pestilence, which was defeated by the courage and activity
of an individual, rests on historical evidence the most satisfactory. It
is thus mentioned in the work of Francisco de Cordova (he was surnamed Cordova
from having been for many years canon in that city):-

(19) Yet notwithstanding that we refuse credit to these particular narrations
of Quinones and Fajardo, acts of cannibalism may certainly have been perpetrated
by the Gitanos of Spain in ancient times, when they were for the most part
semi-savages living amongst mountains and deserts, where food was hard to
be procured: famine may have occasionally compelled them to prey on human
flesh, as it has in modern times compelled people far more civilised than
wandering Gypsies.

(26) 'And the children of Israel went out with an high hand.' Exodus, chap.
xiv. v. 8. Eng. Trans.

(27) No such verse is to be found in the book mentioned.

(28) Prov., chap. vii. vers. 11, 12. 'She is loud and stubborn; her feet
abide not in her house. Now is she without, now in the streets, and lieth
in wait at every corner.' Eng. Trans.

(29) HISTORIA DE ALONSO, MOZO DE MUCHOS AMOS: or, the story of Alonso, servant
of many masters; an entertaining novel, written in the seventeenth century,
by Geronimo of Alcala, from which some extracts were given in the first edition
of the present work.

(30) O Ali! O Mahomet! - God is God! - A Turkish war-cry.

(31) Gen. xlix. 22.

(32) In the original there is a play on words. - It is not necessary to enter
into particulars farther than to observe that in the Hebrew language 'ain'
means a well, and likewise an eye.

(33) Gen. xlviii. 16. In the English version the exact sense of the inspired
original is not conveyed. The descendants of Joseph are to increase like
fish.

(34) Exodus, chap. xii. v. 37, 38.

(35) Quinones, p. 11.

(36) The writer will by no means answer for the truth of these statements
respecting Gypsy marriages.

(37) This statement is incorrect.

(38) The Torlaquis (idle vagabonds), Hadgies (saints), and Dervishes (mendicant
friars) of the East, are Gypsies neither by origin nor habits, but are in
general people who support themselves in idleness by practising upon the
credulity and superstition of the Moslems.

(39) In the Moorish Arabic, [Arabic text which cannot be reproduced] - or
reus al haramin, the literal meaning being, 'heads or captains of thieves.'

(40) A favourite saying amongst this class of people is the following: 'Es
preciso que cada uno coma de su oficio'; I.E. every one must live by his
trade.

(41) For the above well-drawn character of Charles the Third I am indebted
to the pen of Louis de Usoz y Rio, my coadjutor in the editing of the New
Testament in Spanish (Madrid, 1837). For a further account of this gentleman,
the reader is referred to THE BIBLE IN SPAIN, preface, p. xxii.

(50) Armed partisans, or guerillas on horseback: they waged a war of
extermination against the French, but at the same time plundered their countrymen
without scruple.

(51) The Basques speak a Tartar dialect which strikingly resembles the Mongolian
and the Mandchou.

(52) A small nation or rather sect of contrabandistas, who inhabit the valley
of Pas amidst the mountains of Santander; they carry long sticks, in the
handling of which they are unequalled. Armed with one of these sticks, a
smuggler of Pas has been known to beat off two mounted dragoons.

(53) The hostess, Maria Diaz, and her son Joan Jose Lopez, were present when
the outcast uttered these prophetic words.

(54) Eodem anno precipue fuit pestis seu mortalitas Forlivio.

(55) This work is styled HISTORIA DE LOS GITANOS, by J. M-, published at
Barcelona in the year 1832; it consists of ninety- three very small and scantily
furnished pages. Its chief, we might say its only merit, is the style, which
is fluent and easy. The writer is a theorist, and sacrifices truth and
probability to the shrine of one idea, and that one of the most absurd that
ever entered the head of an individual. He endeavours to persuade his readers
that the Gitanos are the descendants of the Moors, and the greatest part
of his work is a history of those Africans, from the time of their arrival
in the Peninsula till their expatriation by Philip the Third. The Gitanos
he supposes to be various tribes of wandering Moors, who baffled pursuit
amidst the fastnesses of the hills; he denies that they are of the same origin
as the Gypsies, Bohemians, etc., of other lands, though he does not back
his denial by any proofs, and is confessedly ignorant of the Gitano language,
the grand criterion.

(56) A Russian word signifying beans.

(57) The term for poisoning swine in English Gypsy is DRABBING BAWLOR.

(58) Por medio de chalanerias.

(59) The English.

(60) These words are very ancient, and were, perhaps, used by the earliest
Spanish Gypsies; they differ much from the language of the present day, and
are quite unintelligible to the modern Gitanos.

(61) It was speedily prohibited, together with the Basque gospel; by a royal
ordonnance, however, which appeared in the Gazette of Madrid, in August 1838,
every public library in the kingdom was empowered to purchase two copies
in both languages, as the works in question were allowed to possess some
merit IN A LITERARY POINT OF VIEW. For a particular account of the Basque
translation, and also some remarks on the Euscarra language, the reader is
referred to THE BIBLE IN SPAIN, vol. ii. p. 385-398.

(62) Steal me, Gypsy.

(63) A species of gendarme or armed policeman. The Miquelets have existed
in Spain for upwards of two hundred years. They are called Miquelets, from
the name of their original leader. They are generally Aragonese by nation,
and reclaimed robbers.

(64) Those who may be desirous of perusing the originals of the following
rhymes should consult former editions of this work.

(65) For the original, see other editions.

(66) For this information concerning Palmireno, and also for a sight of the
somewhat rare volume written by him, the author was indebted to a kind friend,
a native of Spain.

(67) A very unfair inference; that some of the Gypsies did not understand
the author when he spoke Romaic, was no proof that their own private language
was a feigned one, invented for thievish purposes.

(68) Of all these, the most terrible, and whose sway endured for the longest
period, were the Mongols, as they were called: few, however, of his original
Mongolian warriors followed Timour in the invasion of India. His armies latterly
appear to have consisted chiefly of Turcomans and Persians. It was to obtain
popularity amongst these soldiery that he abandoned his old religion, a kind
of fetish, or sorcery, and became a Mahometan.

(69) As quoted by Adelung, MITHRIDATES, vol. i.

(70) Mithridates.

(70) For example, in the HISTORIA DE LOS GITANOS, of which we have had occasion
to speak in the first part of the present work: amongst other things the
author says, p. 95, 'If there exist any similitude of customs between the
Gitanos and the Gypsies, the Zigeuners, the Zingari, and the Bohemians, they
(the Gitanos) cannot, however, be confounded with these nomad castes, nor
the same origin be attributed to them; . . . all that we shall find in common
between these people will be, that the one (the Gypsies, etc.) arrived fugitives
from the heart of Asia by the steppes of Tartary, at the beginning of the
fifteenth century, while the Gitanos, descended from the Arab or Morisco
tribes, came from the coast of Africa as conquerors at the beginning of the
eighth.'

He gets rid of any evidence with respect to the origin of the Gitanos which
their language might be capable of affording in the following summary manner:
'As to the particular jargon which they use, any investigation which people
might pretend to make would be quite useless; in the first place, on account
of the reserve which they exhibit on this point; and secondly, because, in
the event of some being found sufficiently communicative, the information
which they could impart would lead to no advantageous result, owing to their
extreme ignorance.'

It is scarcely worth while to offer a remark on reasoning which could only
emanate from an understanding of the very lowest order, - so the Gitanos
are so extremely ignorant, that however frank they might wish to be, they
would be unable to tell the curious inquirer the names for bread and water,
meat and salt, in their own peculiar tongue - for, assuredly, had they sense
enough to afford that slight quantum of information, it would lead to two
very advantageous results, by proving, first, that they spoke the same language
as the Gypsies, etc., and were consequently the same people - and secondly,
that they came not from the coast of Northern Africa, where only Arabic and
Shillah are spoken, but from the heart of Asia, three words of the four being
pure Sanscrit.

(72) As given in the MITHRIDATES of Adelung.

(73) Possibly from the Russian BOLOSS, which has the same signification.

(74) Basque, BURUA.

(75) Sanscrit, SCHIRRA.

(76) These two words, which Hervas supposes to be Italian used in an improper
sense, are probably of quite another origin. LEN, in Gitano, signifies 'river,'
whilst VADI in Russian is equivalent to water.

(77) It is not our intention to weary the reader with prolix specimens;
nevertheless, in corroboration of what we have asserted, we shall take the
liberty of offering a few. Piar, to drink, (p. 188,) is Sanscrit, PIAVA.
Basilea, gallows, (p. 158,) is Russian, BECILITZ. Caramo, wine, and gurapo,
galley, (pp. 162, 176,) Arabic, HARAM (which literally signifies that which
is forbidden) and GRAB. Iza, (p. 179,) harlot, Turkish, KIZE. Harton, bread,
(p. 177,) Greek, ARTOS. Guido, good, and hurgamandera, harlot, (pp. 177,
178,) German, GUT and HURE. Tiple, wine, (p. 197,) is the same as the English
word tipple, Gypsy, TAPILLAR.

(78) This word is pure Wallachian ([Greek text which cannot be reproduced]),
and was brought by the Gypsies into England; it means 'booty,' or what is
called in the present cant language, 'swag.' The Gypsies call booty 'louripen.'

(79) Christmas, literally Wine-day.

(80) Irishman or beggar, literally a dirty squalid person.

(81) Guineas.

(82) Silver teapots.

(83) The Gypsy word for a certain town.

(84) In the Spanish Gypsy version, 'our bread of each day.'

(85) Span., 'forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors.'

(86) Eng., 'all evil FROM'; Span., 'from all ugliness.'

(87) Span., 'for thine.'

(88) By Hungary is here meant not only Hungary proper, but Transylvania.

(89) How many days made come the gentleman hither.

(90) How many-year fellow are you.

(91) Of a grosh.

(92) My name shall be to you for Moses my brother.

(93) Comes.

(94) Empty place.

(95) V. CASINOBEN in Lexicon.

(96) By these two words, Pontius Pilate is represented, but whence they are
derived I know not.

(97) Reborn.

(98) Poverty is always avoided.

(99) A drunkard reduces himself to the condition of a hog.

(100) The most he can do.

(101) The puchero, or pan of glazed earth, in which bacon, beef, and garbanzos
are stewed.

(102) Truth contrasts strangely with falsehood; this is a genuine Gypsy proverb,
as are the two which follow; it is repeated throughout Spain WITHOUT BEING
UNDERSTOOD.

(103) In the original WEARS A MOUTH; the meaning is, ask nothing, gain nothing.

(104) Female Gypsy,

(105) Women UNDERSTOOD.

(106) With that motive awoke the labourer. ORIG.

(107) Gave its pleasure to the finger, I.E. his finger was itching to draw
the trigger, and he humoured it.

(108) They feared the shot and slugs, which are compared, and not badly,
to flies and almonds.

(109) Christmas, literally Wine-day.

(110) Irishman or beggar, literally a dirty squalid person.

(111) Guineas.

(114) Silver tea-pots.

(115) The Gypsy word for a certain town.

(116) As given by Grellmann.

(117) The English Gypsies having, in their dialect, no other term for ghost
than mulo, which simply means a dead person, I have been obliged to substitute
a compound word. Bavalengro signifies literally a wind thing, or FORM OF
AIR.