Pollution kills hundreds of thousands of people annually. This book shows why this environmental epidemic continues. Campaign contributors, lobbyists, and special interests often control information ...
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Pollution kills hundreds of thousands of people annually. This book shows why this environmental epidemic continues. Campaign contributors, lobbyists, and special interests often control information by capturing media and even science itself. Yet this book puts the blame — and the solution — on the shoulders of ordinary citizens. Calling for a new “democratic revolution” and arguing that justice requires us each to become the change we seek, this book offers many concrete proposals for reform — many based on American Public Health Association recommendations.Less

Kristin Shrader-Frechette

Published in print: 2007-12-01

Pollution kills hundreds of thousands of people annually. This book shows why this environmental epidemic continues. Campaign contributors, lobbyists, and special interests often control information by capturing media and even science itself. Yet this book puts the blame — and the solution — on the shoulders of ordinary citizens. Calling for a new “democratic revolution” and arguing that justice requires us each to become the change we seek, this book offers many concrete proposals for reform — many based on American Public Health Association recommendations.

This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1935 to 1939. Despite her many other roles, Roche's primary obligation in the New Deal government was oversight of health policy. She ...
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This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1935 to 1939. Despite her many other roles, Roche's primary obligation in the New Deal government was oversight of health policy. She fulfilled that obligation in two ways. Within the Treasury Department, she took charge of the Public Health Service at a moment of explosive growth, championing a vastly expanded mandate for the agency and building a more effective public health infrastructure in the states. Outside the Treasury, she spearheaded a campaign to elevate health care to the status of a “basic American right.” In the course of that campaign, Roche patched together a national health plan, which she used to generate a nationwide conversation about the role of the federal government in health care.Less

Generating a National Debate about Federal Health Policy, 1935–1939

Robyn Muncy

Published in print: 2014-11-02

This chapter details events in Josephine Roche's life from 1935 to 1939. Despite her many other roles, Roche's primary obligation in the New Deal government was oversight of health policy. She fulfilled that obligation in two ways. Within the Treasury Department, she took charge of the Public Health Service at a moment of explosive growth, championing a vastly expanded mandate for the agency and building a more effective public health infrastructure in the states. Outside the Treasury, she spearheaded a campaign to elevate health care to the status of a “basic American right.” In the course of that campaign, Roche patched together a national health plan, which she used to generate a nationwide conversation about the role of the federal government in health care.

This chapter highlights the historical context and current challenges of public health in Canada. It describes recent key institutional developments involving the new Public Health Agency of Canada ...
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This chapter highlights the historical context and current challenges of public health in Canada. It describes recent key institutional developments involving the new Public Health Agency of Canada and its contributions to leadership and to new investments that address domestic and global public health challenges.Less

Improving Canada’s response to public health challenges: the creation of a new public health agency

Sylvie StachenkoBarbara LegowskiRobert Geneau

Published in print: 2009-07-09

This chapter highlights the historical context and current challenges of public health in Canada. It describes recent key institutional developments involving the new Public Health Agency of Canada and its contributions to leadership and to new investments that address domestic and global public health challenges.

This chapter sets out the changes following New Labour government policy to create non-medical specialists in public health with equivalent status to consultants in public health including ...
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This chapter sets out the changes following New Labour government policy to create non-medical specialists in public health with equivalent status to consultants in public health including non-medical Directors of Public Health. Key changes described include a second vote within the Faculty of Public Health Medicine to permit non-medics to sit Part II of the Faculty examinations in 2001 as well as the development of job descriptions, processes within the Faculty to ‘piggy-back’ non-medical appointments within the existing statutory medical appointments advisory committee structures. From 2003 the Faculty agreed to drop ‘Medicine’ from its title. The chapter also charts the development across England of support mechanisms for aspiring specialists. Other key changes are outlined including national agreement across key organisations on the ten key areas of public health, establishing the three domains of public health, categorising the whole of the public health workforce and setting up networks and an annual conference to share and harness expertise. The Health Protection Agency was established during this period.Less

Four Changes for specialists I: Setting up a multidisciplinary public health senior appointments process

Jenny WrightFiona SimKatie Ferguson

Published in print: 2014-07-30

This chapter sets out the changes following New Labour government policy to create non-medical specialists in public health with equivalent status to consultants in public health including non-medical Directors of Public Health. Key changes described include a second vote within the Faculty of Public Health Medicine to permit non-medics to sit Part II of the Faculty examinations in 2001 as well as the development of job descriptions, processes within the Faculty to ‘piggy-back’ non-medical appointments within the existing statutory medical appointments advisory committee structures. From 2003 the Faculty agreed to drop ‘Medicine’ from its title. The chapter also charts the development across England of support mechanisms for aspiring specialists. Other key changes are outlined including national agreement across key organisations on the ten key areas of public health, establishing the three domains of public health, categorising the whole of the public health workforce and setting up networks and an annual conference to share and harness expertise. The Health Protection Agency was established during this period.

This chapter assesses the relationship between different ways of understanding a ‘public health system’ and action on health inequalities. After briefly reviewing the historical evolution of the UK’s ...
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This chapter assesses the relationship between different ways of understanding a ‘public health system’ and action on health inequalities. After briefly reviewing the historical evolution of the UK’s public health system, the chapter considers the growing diversity in the context of political devolution. It then provides an overview of public health reforms arising from the 2012 Health and Social Care Act in England, where a new national body, Public Health England, has been created and responsibilities at the local level have been transferred from NHS bodies to local government. The authors highlight some of the opportunities created by these recent changes, whilst also cautioning that, despite the reforms being widely welcomed by local authorities, the new public health system continues to face significant risks. These include a pessimistic public spending outlook and a policy context in which choice, markets, and privatization continue to be heavily promoted.Less

Health inequalities in England’s changing public health system

David J. HunterLinda Marks

Published in print: 2015-11-01

This chapter assesses the relationship between different ways of understanding a ‘public health system’ and action on health inequalities. After briefly reviewing the historical evolution of the UK’s public health system, the chapter considers the growing diversity in the context of political devolution. It then provides an overview of public health reforms arising from the 2012 Health and Social Care Act in England, where a new national body, Public Health England, has been created and responsibilities at the local level have been transferred from NHS bodies to local government. The authors highlight some of the opportunities created by these recent changes, whilst also cautioning that, despite the reforms being widely welcomed by local authorities, the new public health system continues to face significant risks. These include a pessimistic public spending outlook and a policy context in which choice, markets, and privatization continue to be heavily promoted.

This chapter discusses the development of health impact assessment (HIA) in the USA. The use of HIA in the USA began in approximately 1999. Early HIAs by the San Francisco Department of Public Health ...
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This chapter discusses the development of health impact assessment (HIA) in the USA. The use of HIA in the USA began in approximately 1999. Early HIAs by the San Francisco Department of Public Health and the University of California, Los Angeles examined the impacts on health of proposed living wage ordinances. Subsequently, a number of efforts led to increasing interest in HIA as a tool to inform decision making related to the built environment, such as urban planning, redevelopment proposals, and transportation projects, and related to policies outside the health sector that affect health. To date, most HIAs in the USA have been carried out without a specific legislative mandate or regulatory requirement. They have been led by public health officials in local, state, or tribal health departments; by academic public health professionals; by community-based organizations seeking to promote the consideration of health; and by professionals in allied disciplines such as urban planning.Less

Health impact assessment in the USA

Andrew DannenbergAaron Wernham

Published in print: 2012-11-29

This chapter discusses the development of health impact assessment (HIA) in the USA. The use of HIA in the USA began in approximately 1999. Early HIAs by the San Francisco Department of Public Health and the University of California, Los Angeles examined the impacts on health of proposed living wage ordinances. Subsequently, a number of efforts led to increasing interest in HIA as a tool to inform decision making related to the built environment, such as urban planning, redevelopment proposals, and transportation projects, and related to policies outside the health sector that affect health. To date, most HIAs in the USA have been carried out without a specific legislative mandate or regulatory requirement. They have been led by public health officials in local, state, or tribal health departments; by academic public health professionals; by community-based organizations seeking to promote the consideration of health; and by professionals in allied disciplines such as urban planning.

This chapter explores visual representations of public health nurses who belonged to the National Organization for Public Health Nursing (NOPHN) in the 1930s, with particular emphasis on how the work ...
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This chapter explores visual representations of public health nurses who belonged to the National Organization for Public Health Nursing (NOPHN) in the 1930s, with particular emphasis on how the work of these women was quite literally “envisioned.” It first considers the NOPHN’s interest in visual culture and education during the period before discussing how new nursing uniforms worked symbolically to signal the nurse’s modernity. It then examines two of the most often-reproduced iconic images of public health nurses—the visiting nurse arriving at someone’s home, and the nurse within the home tending to a newborn—and suggests that these oft-repeated scenes depicted the public health nurse as a link, or mediator, between public and private institutions. Thus, the public health nurse emerged as a new kind of modern, mobile, independent young woman charged with securing the health of the nation.Less

Nursing the Nation : The 1930s Public Health Nurse as Image and Icon

Shawn Michelle Smith

Published in print: 2011-01-19

This chapter explores visual representations of public health nurses who belonged to the National Organization for Public Health Nursing (NOPHN) in the 1930s, with particular emphasis on how the work of these women was quite literally “envisioned.” It first considers the NOPHN’s interest in visual culture and education during the period before discussing how new nursing uniforms worked symbolically to signal the nurse’s modernity. It then examines two of the most often-reproduced iconic images of public health nurses—the visiting nurse arriving at someone’s home, and the nurse within the home tending to a newborn—and suggests that these oft-repeated scenes depicted the public health nurse as a link, or mediator, between public and private institutions. Thus, the public health nurse emerged as a new kind of modern, mobile, independent young woman charged with securing the health of the nation.

This chapter discusses the implementation of the Public Health Act of 1848 in Whippingham and West Cowes in the Isle of Wight. Ranger, an inspector sent by the General Board, recommended that the ...
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This chapter discusses the implementation of the Public Health Act of 1848 in Whippingham and West Cowes in the Isle of Wight. Ranger, an inspector sent by the General Board, recommended that the Public Health Act should be applied to Whippingham since it needed both a better supply of water and an improved system of drainage. In West Cowes, the 1848 Act opened up new opportunities for the active ratepayers and started a new round of improvements in the town.Less

The Public Health Act of 1848: Whippingham, West Cowes

John Prest

Published in print: 1990-04-05

This chapter discusses the implementation of the Public Health Act of 1848 in Whippingham and West Cowes in the Isle of Wight. Ranger, an inspector sent by the General Board, recommended that the Public Health Act should be applied to Whippingham since it needed both a better supply of water and an improved system of drainage. In West Cowes, the 1848 Act opened up new opportunities for the active ratepayers and started a new round of improvements in the town.

This chapter charts the start of the quest for recognition of public health practitioners from backgrounds other than medicine. It sets out national processes leading to the establishment of the ...
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This chapter charts the start of the quest for recognition of public health practitioners from backgrounds other than medicine. It sets out national processes leading to the establishment of the Tripartite Group and the progress made by lobbying groups such as the Multidisciplinary Public Health Forum in the context of changing government policies which started to favour a move to multidisciplinary public health at senior levels. It includes the initial reaction of the Faculty of Public Health Medicine including creating honorary membership for non-medics, but voting not to admit non-medics as full members through to the 1998 vote for first stage admittance of non-medics via sitting Part I of Faculty examinations. The 1990s also saw the formal start of development opportunities for senior practitioners working in non-medical public health such as opening up Masters in Public Health courses.Less

Three the multidisciplinary public health movement of the 1990s

Jenny WrightFiona SimKatie Ferguson

Published in print: 2014-07-30

This chapter charts the start of the quest for recognition of public health practitioners from backgrounds other than medicine. It sets out national processes leading to the establishment of the Tripartite Group and the progress made by lobbying groups such as the Multidisciplinary Public Health Forum in the context of changing government policies which started to favour a move to multidisciplinary public health at senior levels. It includes the initial reaction of the Faculty of Public Health Medicine including creating honorary membership for non-medics, but voting not to admit non-medics as full members through to the 1998 vote for first stage admittance of non-medics via sitting Part I of Faculty examinations. The 1990s also saw the formal start of development opportunities for senior practitioners working in non-medical public health such as opening up Masters in Public Health courses.

This chapter describes the complex new public health system in place in England from April 2013, the rationale behind it, interrelationships between different sectors and tiers. It outlines the ...
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This chapter describes the complex new public health system in place in England from April 2013, the rationale behind it, interrelationships between different sectors and tiers. It outlines the implications for the public health workforce and where they sit and, whilst the new system is bedding down, raises some issues and challenges and poses some questions about the future. The chapter concludes with a description of the new professional public health system in the context of the 2013 Strategy for the public health workforce, including workforce development issues the strategy aims to address.Less

Where we are now? The new public health system in England from April 2013

Jenny WrightFiona SimKatie Ferguson

Published in print: 2014-07-30

This chapter describes the complex new public health system in place in England from April 2013, the rationale behind it, interrelationships between different sectors and tiers. It outlines the implications for the public health workforce and where they sit and, whilst the new system is bedding down, raises some issues and challenges and poses some questions about the future. The chapter concludes with a description of the new professional public health system in the context of the 2013 Strategy for the public health workforce, including workforce development issues the strategy aims to address.