понедельник, 13 октября 2014 г.

Symbolism of happiness

What is "happiness"? To quote from
the encyclopedia "Wikipedia": "Happiness is well-being, health,
long life." The opinions of our informants: "Happiness is warm in the
cold, the food when you are hungry, and the sun after the clouds." The
study of characters, bringing happiness, we carry in two directions. On the one
hand, it is animate objects (people, animals, insects), on the other hand -
this inanimate objects.

Group 1

1.Horse,
sheep. If you go on the road and the first to come across a horse or sheep, it
will have good luck. These animals with hot breath are considered solar
animals.

2.Mouse
- an animal that starts the 12-year cycle - the attribute of god Namsaraya, who
gives wealth to people. From the mouth of the mouse fall sacred stones,
chindamani (zendemeni) that bring people to the wealth, abundance.

3.Moose
or elk. In a way, if the moose or elk crosses the road on the left to the
right, this is a happy sign.

Just as things: shelter, clothing, food - in
addition to its primary function to meet vital human needs, are immersed
additional significant content and the number besides the main counting
functions have also added symbolic value. That’s why, the number - it is one of
the universal organizing principles by which nature is being developed and
created the culture itself.

The number "1"

Foto: D. Tsydipov

The number "1"- the beginning of a series of
numbers, expresses the concept of "all", the one, whole, indivisible.
The root word - "one" concept derived from it - one, the only,
connection, association, - one God, one universe, one sun, the moon, clan,
tribe - that is, that is not divided and is understood as a whole.

The number "2"

Foto: D. Tsydipov

The number "2" expresses various
steam semantic concepts in binary oppositions: black - white, good - bad, up -
down, life - death, good - evil, forward - backward, etc. At the same time, a
lot of positive pairs. Two celestial luminaries - the Sun and the Moon. Each
person has two of the most honored and loved ones – father and mother.

There are a lot of double names, place names:
Tsydenov-Yeshi, Badma Handa, Ulan-Ude, and other. Double word decorates speech.

The Hori say: "One child is not a
child." Therefore, at weddings they say good wishes: We wish two children,
both boys and girls.

The number "3"

Foto: D. Tsydipov

The number "3" - is one of the sacred
numbers in many nations, as in the material and spiritual culture, it is a sign
of the Earth.

The number "three" - a symbol of
happiness and joy, for it is the basis of all development. All restricted or
defined by three, because the beginning, middle, end contains the number of
all, and it contains the number "three".

The number "4"

Foto: D. Tsydipov

The number "4" corresponds to the
symbol of unity and integrity of creation. Since it involves the horizontal
development of the surrounding area - there are four points of the compass:
north - south, east - west, the four seasons - winter, spring, summer, autumn,
four elements: air, water, fire, earth, and 4 limbs in animals, humans .

In ancient times, Hori custom
"sahimzha" provided offering nominal meat four directions. This fact
indicates that the Hori has long respected the East-West, South-North and bowed
before them.

The number "5"

Foto: D. Tsydipov

The number "5" manifests itself in the historical, cultural
and sacred - magical contexts. According to color symbolism food is divided
into five groups: white, red, yellow, green and black. Hori have5 species of
animals bred: cows, horses, sheep, goats and camels. Animals and humans have
five senses: sight, smell, touch, hearing, taste. The world is composed of five
basic elements: wood, iron (metal), fire, earth, water.

The number "6"

Foto Z. Dorzhiev

Six in a figurative sense, means the universe: heaven, earth and the 4
corners of the earth, that closes the man from all sides.

The number "6" is a symbol of all living creatures, including
humans. There are 6 species of living beings, hell and ban under the ground,
animals and people on the ground, asuras and celestials in heaven.

The number "7"

Foto: P. Budaev

In the folklore of all tribes Hori often featured seven figure: -
"7 Elders", "Seventy languages​​." To enhance the
significance of the number 7 is often replaced by the number 70 or 77.
Seventy-seven layers has a "Mother Earth."

In uliger Hori Buryats "Hүheldүүr Mergen" refers to the
wedding custom of "9 varieties of food and 7 kinds of struggle" Our
informant R. Erdeni explained what are the 7 types of control exist between the
parties to the bride and groom: "1 - the fight for the bride, and 2 - the
fight for the cushion, 3 - battle for the sun, 4 - battle for the blade, and 5
- the struggle for sahimzha 6 - the fight for the door, 7 - witty debate.
"In this case, seven magical acts in the ancient wedding ceremony is aimed
at strengthening the prosperity.

The number "8"

Foto: D. Tsydipov

Hori have developed over the allocation of the eight cardinal directions
- north, northeast, northwest, east, west, south, south-west, south-east.
Therefore, the sun spreads its light on all sides of the world, an imaginary
eight-pointed.

Number 8 controls the human life: up to 8 years of a child is considered
to be a god; 2 times 8 comes the maturity of a man 8 times 8 old age comes

The number "9"

The sun and moon are considered by Hori the creators of both people and
animals. B. Rinchen, said: "The people of Mongolian, whose father - a
golden moon, whose mother - a golden sun. Sun - an ancient totem of the
Mongols, who considered themselves the people of the sun and the moon
"(B.Rinchen, 1958, 72).

The number “nine” in Mongolian peoples including Hori is a sacred
number. "In the historical period we find sulde 9, 9 species of white
food, presented as a sign of acceptance of citizenship" (Tsybikov, 57).
"Number 9 was of symbolic value. The great banner of Genghis Khan
consisted of 9 parts, the main white - was in the center "(Olyadykova, 120).

“Ten” means something comprehensive, law,
order, authority. It is no accident with the number "ten" linked the
concept of "Arban Han" in Buddhism. These "Ten sahyuusanov"
(defenders) protect people from all sorts of misfortunes. This is a tantric
deity – Yamandaga, Mahakala, Gongara (White Mahakala), Shagdar, Sendema,
Shalshi, Namsaraya, Tsanba, Lhamo.

The numbers above 10

Foto: P. Budaev

Some historical sources say that at the Hori-Buryat
were 13 births, two were in Mongolia, so talking about 11 genera Horinsk
drilled. Also it is mentioned Sagansabskie petroglyphs 13 swans.

The number "40" is a symbol of
maturity. Popular wisdom says, "Four dogs cannot drive, cannot be forty
years of teaching." Previously, daughter, do not have voting rights,
reaching the age of forty, became full hostesses. Previously not allowed to
drink alcohol, a person has not reached forty years.

Color is a leading, organizing space beginning
that can cause the viewer an active emotional response. In Hori - Buryat
culture, color plays a big role, as each specific color has a specific meaning,
symbolizes a particular concept.

In the book "Time of Fire"
N.Angaraeva distributes four characters in districts inhabited by Buryats.
"Symbol of Tunka, Oka, Zakamenka - fire, the symbol of Aga, Horinsky area,
Yaruvny, and Kizhinga - the sky, a symbol of Ust-Orda - earth, a symbol of
Olkhon, Kurumkan, Barguzin - water." Based on the foregoing, we take the
liberty to endow color symbolism Buryat tribes. Fire is red, then Tunkinskie,
Oka, Zakamensky Buryats, tribes of hongodory are red. Once the sky and the
water is blue, the Hori-Buryat, kurumkantsy are blue Buryats. Ehirity, Bulagaty
with symbol as the earth are black Buryats.

Blue color

Foto: A. Ligdenova

In national symbols - the blue color represents
one of the two major higher powers - the Eternal Blue Sky (Huhe Munkhe Tengri).
Therefore, the symbolism of blue is for the Buryat culture one of the main
ethnic and cultural constants. In the mythology of the Buryat sky - a symbol of masculinity.

.Blue color serves to express the idea of
​​primordial ethnicity. Totemic ancestor Hori-Buryat is a swan, a creature that
is associated with the sky.

White color

Picture of N. Dudko

Especially significant attributive symbolic
white for such a mythological character, as the White Elder, the patron saint
of longevity, wealth, happiness, family welfare. Buddhism goes back to an idea
of ​​ten whites of good deeds, cults of White Tara, God with white umbrella
(Sagaan Shyherte).

At Hori white color symbolizes the beginning,
the origins of something. That’s why the
beginning of the new year called "white month". Mouse, began a
twelve-cycle chronology, and is described as "a mouse with a white
mouth" (ama Sagan hulgana);

The red color - the color of joy symbolized
happiness, victory, kindness. The red color represents the image of the ancient
object of devotion - the Sun and associated with him, fire, light and heat,
without there is no life on Earth. In this regard, it should be emphasized that
the life-giving Ayusha Burhan, the god of longevity, red in color, in the hands
holding jar with immortality elixir.

Respect to the sun, which gives heat, meaning
and life, expressed in particular in the fact that the pommel hats drilled
crown red silk tassels and red ball (denze), symbolizing the sun and its rays.
Comparing the red sun with his soul, Hori believe that their soul will forever
soar as the sun overhead.