Abstraction

In software engineering and computer science, abstraction is a technique for arranging complexity of computer systems. It works by establishing a level of complexity on which a person interacts with the system, suppressing the more complex details below the current level.[1]

Identifying examples of abstraction

Anytime you see a simple interface covering a more complex system, you should think "abstraction".

A car is a very complex machine but the interface is simple (a steering wheel, a gas pedal and a gear shift)

A video game controller only has a few buttons, but underneath the controller is complex control mechanism

A programming language can be fairly simple, but it translates the instructions you write into machine code, which is impossibly complex

ExplainGive a detailed account including reasons or causes. why abstraction is required

You must decide at what level should I abstract a problem and solution. Abstraction is required because life is complex. We need to simplify complex systems so people can understand and use them.

For example, a student is building a software program to help students pick the right college. The student uses SAT scores to determineObtain the only possible answer. a good match. The student has abstracted complexity when it comes to choosing a college. There are actually many factors in choosing a college, but the student has chosen to focus on SAT scores.

ConstructDevelop information in a diagrammatic or logical form. an abstraction

I want to launch a missile, loaded with 10,000 liters of peanut butter, at my friend because it would be funny. There are hundreds of important variables associated with launching, flying, and hitting a target in this example. Please think for a moment how we could constructDevelop information in a diagrammatic or logical form. an abstraction.

We could create a giant red button with the words "launch peanut butter missile at friend" which would launch the missile. However once this button was pushed a VERY COMPLEX process would begin to launch the missile. In this example, the button is an abstraction of a missile launch.

DistinguishMake clear the differences between two or more concepts or items. between a real-world entity and its abstraction

Please refer to the missile example above.

Standards

These standards are used from the IB Computer Science Subject Guide[2]

IdentifyProvide an answer from a number of possibilities. Recognize and state briefly a distinguishing fact or feature. examples of abstraction

ExplainGive a detailed account including reasons or causes. why abstraction is required in the derivation of computational solutions for a specified situation

ConstructDevelop information in a diagrammatic or logical form. an abstraction from a specified situation

DistinguishMake clear the differences between two or more concepts or items. between a real-world entity and its abstraction