Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
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and Rural Communities and Rural Communities Wind Powering America continues to develop and strengthen alliances with the agricultural sector and organizational alliances, including 25x'25, the American Corn Growers Foundation, the National Association of Counties, and the National Association of Farm Broadcasters. Agricultural lands in the United States are ripe for generating and utilizing renewable energy resources. With net farm and ranch income down and drought conditions throughout much of the United States, farmers and ranchers and others in the agricultural community are taking a serious look at how wind energy can become their new cash crop. The agricultural community includes not only farmers and ranchers, but also rural community leaders such as banks, rural economic development

The objective of the Rural and Agricultural Solar Applications Projects is to enhance the quality of rural life in hot, arid climates by providing systems that use renewable or regenerable energy sources for domestic or communal, agricultural, and local industrial applications. These systems must provide domestic services such as hot water, heat for cooking, and electric power for lighting, communications, and refrigeration. In addition, agricultural applications such as water desalination, irrigation pumping, and heat and electricity for crop or food processing and local industrial functions, can become the basis for improving the villagers' standard of living. 29 refs., 82 figs., 23 tabs.

An outline is presented of how China utilizes biogas in rural areas. Already, 7,140,000 small biogas digesters have been built. Sichuan province has 4,160,000 digesters including about 20,000 large digesters which operate diesel engines to generate electricity. This is seen as the key area for further research and development. In rural areas, biogas is used principally for cooking and to power stationary units such as grinding mills, electric generators and crop driers.

The radiological concerns associated with phosphogypsum utilization in agriculture have been placed in perspective by considering the consequences of a hypothetical case involving heavy long term applications of phosphogypsum. In California, such a schedule might consist of an initial gypsum application of 10 tons/acre followed by alternate year applications of 5 tons/acre. If the radium content of the gypsum were 15 pCi/g and the till depth 6 inches, this schedule could be maintained for more than 100 years before the radium buildup in the soil would reach a proposed federal concentration limit of 5 pCi/g. An agricultural worker spending 40 h a week in a field containing 5 pCi/g of radium would be exposed to terrestrial radiation of about 7 ..mu..R/h above background. This exposure would result in an annual radiation dose of about 15 mrem, which is 3% of the recommended limit for an individual working in an uncontrolled area. Five pCi/g of radium in the soil could generate airborne radon daughter concentrations exceeding the concentration limit proposed for residential exposure. However, as residential exposure limits are predicated on 75% of continuous occupancy, these limits should not be applied to agricultural workers because of the seasonal nature of their work. Radium uptake by food crops grown in the hypothetical soil would result in a 50 year integrated dose to the bone surface of 1.4 rem. This dose is conservatively based on the assumption that an adult's total vegetable diet comes from this source and that consumption was continuous during the 50 year period.

Wind Power for America: Rural Electric Utilities Harvest a New Crop is a trifold brochure that strives to educate rural landowners and rural co-op utilities about the benefits of wind power development. It provides examples of ruralutilities that have successful wind energy projects and supportive statements from industry members.

Rural farmers in Mozambique rely on rainfed agriculture for food and income. Yet they experience high rainfall variability ranging from extreme drought to flooding rainfall from tropical cyclone systems. To explore linkages between rainfall and ...

primary areas: trade and agricultural policy, resource and environmental policy, food and nutrition policy, and agricultural risk management policy. The contents of this report may be cited with proper attribution to the authors and to the Center for Agricultural and Rural Development, Iowa State University. An on-line version of this paper may be found at www.card.iastate.edu. For a current list of CARD publications, please contact: Betty Hempe, Circulation Manager, Iowa

Existing interest group theory describes legislative decision-making as a communication process whereby interest groups research information on issues, combine this information with constituent opinions, and present the resulting information to legislators. Legislators then use this information in developing legislation. The original source of information used by lobbyists greatly impacts the interest groupĂ˘Â?Â?s ability to effectively represent its policy objectives in the decision-making process. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate sources of information utilized by selected California agricultural interest groups. This study determined common sources used among selected California agricultural interest groups, how and why groups choose their sources, the role of trust in information source selection, and what purposes interest groups have for using the information. Data from this study suggest lobbyists of California agricultural interest groups are primarily researching for lobbying purposes. Lobbyists acknowledged the importance of research in their lobbying work. Specifically, two main themes developed from the intervieweesĂ˘Â?Â? responses: 1) lobbyists gather the political and technical information needed to thoroughly understand an issue before lobbying on it, and 2) lobbyists find the appropriate information to support their organizationĂ˘Â?Â?s policy objectives. The purpose of their research and the type of information needed drive how lobbyists research an issue and what information sources they utilize. Lobbyists rely on their previous experiences to determine which sources will provide them with the necessary information. Data from this study suggest four main factors that impact which information sources lobbyists choose to utilize: 1) what information is needed, 2) who their contacts and personal relationships are with, 3) how much they trust potential sources, and 4) other characteristics of the sources such as accessibility, quality and accuracy, brevity and readability, experience of source, current information, scientifically-based, sincere, and/or a source that provides needed pictures or graphics.

RuralRural Communities Printable Version Bookmark and Share Agricultural & Rural Native Americans Rural Communities As the wind energy market has matured and expanded, the jobs and economic benefits to rural, agricultural, and Native American communities have become increasingly compelling. This section provides an introduction to these benefits and how these communities can take advantage of wind energy. Agricultural and Rural Communities Rural America is economically stressed, and traditional agricultural incomes are seriously threatened. Wind development in these regions offers one of the most promising "crops" of the 21st century. The agricultural and rural communities pages provide information about wind for homeowners, farmers, and businesses; utility-scale wind (or land-based wind farms); the

This study was undertaken for several reasons. Firstly, because of the scarcity of data on the composition of certain agricultural residues generated predominantly in California, it could only be inferred from the published composition of agricultural grains and wood what the carbohydrate composition of the residue straw, stems, and roots might be. Published methods of analysis on wood and grains were adapted or modified to suit these materials, resulting in an analytical system applicable to these residues. Secondly, a series of chemical pretreatments were studied to see if sugar production by enzymatic hydrolysis might be improved. Also these studies are used as a basis of generating the data for chemical engineering parameters of the Berkeley process. Since lignin is ultimately used as a feed back energy source in the Berkeley process, it is not necessary for it to be in the form of a relatively low weight polymer. Therefore, a study on the use of recoverable chemical solvents for dilignification by solution, rather than by a depolymerization reaction is indicated.

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This final report and bibliography of the Texas Preservation Project of the United States Agricultural Information Network (USAIN) National Preservation Program for the History of Agriculture and Rural Life 1820-1945, can serve as a finding guide to the microfilm reels created by this preservation project. The reel numbers listed with each bibliographic entry are located at call number Microform film S 117 U8 reel# in the Sterling C. Evans Library of Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas.

Health organizations in rural America are often unable to fulfill local demands due to shortages of physicians and medical facilities. Telemedicine has emerged as a promising technology to compensate these inadequacies by means of virtual care. Yet, ... Keywords: Health Administrators, Health Organizations, Rural Health, Technology, Telemedicine, Virtual Care

, particularly ammonia (redistribution of N from animal agriculture) Â· biochar and retention of phosphorus, the larger the sampling scale). Johannes Lehmann: Biochar and associated P retention is an active area implemented in PA) (e.g. converting animal manure into biochar, making it more easily shippable). Biochar

, they are totally capable of spreading swine diseases, and therefore, requirements for crossing state lines in Furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914 with animals exhibited at fairs which will protect your herd or flock and the community in which you live

The project proposes to develop methods to utilizeagricultural wastes, especially cottonseed hulls and peanut shells to produce ethanol. Initial steps will involve development of methods to break down cellulose to a usable form of substrates for chemical or biological digestion. The process of ethanol production will consist of (a) preparatory step to separate fibrous (cellulose) and non-fibrous (non-cellulosic compounds). The non-cellulosic residues which may include grains, fats or other substrates for alcoholic fermentation. The fibrous residues will be first pre-treated to digest cellulose with acid, alkali, and sulfur dioxide gas or other solvents. (b) The altered cellulose will be digested by suitable micro-organisms and cellulose enzymes before alcoholic fermentation. The digester and fermentative unit will be specially designed to develop a prototype for pilot plant for a continuous process. The first phase of the project will be devoted toward screening of a suitable method for cellulose modification, separation of fibrous and non-fibrous residues, the micro-organism and enzyme preparations. Work is in progress on: the effects of various microorganisms on the degree of saccharification; the effects of higher concentrations of acids, alkali, and EDTA on efficiency of microbial degradation; and the effects of chemicals on enzymatic digestion.

Linn County Rural Electric Cooperative - Solar Water Heater Rebate Linn County Rural Electric Cooperative - Solar Water Heater Rebate Program Linn County Rural Electric Cooperative - Solar Water Heater Rebate Program < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Residential Savings Category Heating & Cooling Solar Water Heating Program Info State Iowa Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount $500 Provider Linn County Rural Electric Cooperative Association Linn County Rural Electric Cooperative Association (Linn County RECA) is a member-owned cooperative. To encourage energy efficiency, Linn County offers a number of rebates to commercial, residential, and agricultural customers. Owners of both new construction and existing buildings are eligible for a $500 rebate for solar water heaters. The water heaters must have an auxiliary tank of at least 40 gallons and the solar water heater

Three potential geothermal sites in Alaska are discovered. The history of previous use of the hot springs, the socio-economic factors, energy needs, and total energy utilization plans of selected Alaskan thermal springs are presented. Proposed research programs for the sites and environmental hazards and protection are described. (MHR)

A four-year (1994-98) project on using blends of coal combustion by-products (CCBP) and biosolids in agriculture, horticulture, and land reclamation was undertaken to assess agronomic value, environmental safety, and potential economic use of these materials.

and Knowledge in Small-Scale arming Staffwriter 35 More on Water Miscellaneous 36 News from Sida on Rural taken on an enhanced importance. Integration also pertains to scale, ranging from plots, farms, basins hydro-political settings. And while integration has an intuitive appeal, it is also obvious that water

Rural Economic Stimulus Act (Missouri) Rural Economic Stimulus Act (Missouri) Missouri Rural Economic Stimulus Act (Missouri) < Back Eligibility Local Government Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Program Info State Missouri Program Type Property Tax Incentive Provider Missouri Department of Economic Development The Missouri Rural Economic Stimulus Act (MORESA) provides financial incentives for public infrastructure for the development of a renewable fuel production facility or eligible new generation processing entity facility, creating new jobs and agricultural product markets in rural Missouri. The local funding must be, at a minimum, 50% of the amount of the new local Economic Activity Tax (sales and utility tax, etc.), and 100% of

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "agriculture rural utilities" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (COE) has proposed a project that would reduce the flow from saline springs and seeps within the groundwater alluvium of the Red River Basin. While the amount of salts moving through the alluvium would be controlled by the project, total water quantity would not be appreciably affected. Presently, salinity levels in the basin are quite high, making irrigated agriculture an infeasible alternative. In areas affected by salinity, salts accumulate in the active root zone, thereby restricting the availability of soil moisture to the crop and reducing yield. To counteract the deleterious presence of the salts, extra irrigation water is applied to "leach" the salts below the active root zone thus maintaining the yield at some specified level.
Waters containing over 13,000 parts per million (ppm) salts have been sampled by the COE in the Pease River watershed (a subsector of the entire area to be impacted by the project). It is estimated that installation of the project would reduce this level to approximately 3000 ppm. Although 3000 ppm is not below the tolerance threshold of most plants, rainfall in the area is sufficient to act as a natural leaching agent.
The purpose of this study was to estimate the response of the agricultural sector to the project. A recursive linear program was designed in such a manner that the time path of producer adjustments to the reclaimed water source could be estimated. The Pease River watershed was chosen due to the sizable reduction in the salinity due to the proposed project, relative to other areas within the basin. By considering only a single watershed, the adoption process could be more closely studied. Two scenarios were considered in the analysis in an attempt to better understand the effects of the initial assumptions on the measure of project benefits. The first scenario applied guidelines established by the Water Resources Council (WRC). WRC guidelines required the use of OBERS SERIES E' yield projections, normalized prices, and an interest rate of 7.125 percent to discount future costs and benefits. The second scenario applied in alternative criteria, which assumed no trend in yield, a three-year average of current prices, and a real interest rate of 2.5 percent.
Since probabilistic estimates indicating the improvement in water quality through time were unavailable from the COE, it was assumed that all improvement in water quality occurred linearly over time, with full water quality improvement in the tenth year. The adjustment process was then evaluated over a twenty year horizon. Several irrigation strategies were considered for each crop, thereby allowing the model to select an optimal leaching policy given the level of water quality for any point in time. The linear programming model maximized expected net returns from representative crop enterprises on the basis of a three-year moving average of past actual yields. This means expected yield in the linear programming model was slightly less than actual yield for any particular year. When all improvements in water quality had taken place and the model achieved steady state, the economically optimal allocation of the water resource had been determined.
Results from the study indicated that a policy of rapid adoption should be undertaken. In the initial year, a 40 percent leaching fraction was economically feasible on limited acreage. Dryland production then shifted quickly to irrigation as water quality improved. Water use also shifted, moving from a 40 percent to a 20 percent leaching fraction. By the ninth year of the analysis, all adjustment's had occurred and a 10 percent leaching fraction was economically optimal on all irrigated acreage. Due to its profitability and for relative salt tolerance, cotton was the only irrigated activity chosen by the model. An optimal cropping pattern of 55,121 acres of irrigated cotton, 14,437 acres of dryland cotton and 7,728 acres of native pasture was selected by the model under the first scenario. For the second, sc

The engineering and economic feasibility of utilizing geothermal heat from the Heber KGRA for industrial processing purposes at the Valley Nitrogen Producers, Inc. El Centro, California agricultural chemical plant was investigated. The analysis proceeds through the preliminary economics to determine the restraints imposed by geothermal modification size on internal rates of return, and through the energy utilization evaluation to determine the best method for substituting geothermal energy for existing fossil fuel energy. Finally, several geothermal utilization schemes were analyzed for detailed cost-benefit evaluation. An economically viable plan for implementing geothermal energy in the VNP Plant was identified and the final conclusions and recommendations were made based on these detailed cost-benefit analyses. Costs associated with geothermal energy production and implementation were formulated utilizing a modified Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories' ''GEOCOST'' program.

Increased regional pressure for and against the wholesale rate discount has prompted BPA to evaluate the quantitative, qualitative, economic, and policy issues associated with an irrigation rate discount. BPA determined that more information was required in the following areas: Irrigation price elasticities at the subregional level (utility, group of utilities and/or production areas), importance of irrigated agriculture to local and regional economies, issues related to targeting an irrigation rate discount, and the role of BPA wholesale rates and rate discounts on Pacific Northwest sprinkler irrigation and the supporting economies. In response to this request for additional information, the analysis in the present study is conducted in four parts: Document the importance of irrigated agriculture, particularly sprinkler irrigated agriculture, to the Pacific Northwest economy and quantify the impact of the rate discount on regional agriculture and local communities; Estimate irrigation price elasticities for BPA customers at a subregional level, so that load impacts associated with the rate discount can be evaluated at a more localized level; Identify the economic, policy, and practical application issues associated with targeting a rate discount to groups of utilities or irrigators; and Review the short-term economic and policy outlook for irrigated agriculture in the Pacific Northwest and draw implications regarding the impact on producer response to electricity rates. 40 refs., 1 fig., 24 tabs.

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Pennsylvania Farmland and Forest Land Assessment Act of 1974 - Pennsylvania Farmland and Forest Land Assessment Act of 1974 - Utilization of Land or Conveyance of Rights for Exploration or Extraction of Gas, Oil or Coal Bed Methane Pennsylvania Farmland and Forest Land Assessment Act of 1974 - Utilization of Land or Conveyance of Rights for Exploration or Extraction of Gas, Oil or Coal Bed Methane < Back Eligibility UtilityAgricultural Investor-Owned Utility State/Provincial Govt Industrial Construction Municipal/Public Utility Local Government Rural Electric Cooperative Transportation Program Info Start Date 2011 State Pennsylvania Program Type Siting and Permitting Provider Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection This act prescribes the procedure utilization of land or conveyance of rights for exploration or extraction of gas, oil or coal bed methane in

Conflict and agriculture have a long, shared history. The purpose of this research is to look at the relationships between agriculture, agricultural technologies, and conflict during current and recent conflicts, large scale and localized. Agriculture and its related technologies are often affected by conflict, but rarely acknowledged as a cause or solution to conflict. Literature reviews in six topic areas illustrate various facets of the relationship between agriculture and conflict. Research conducted in Santa Cruz del Quiché, Guatemala illustrates the ways farmers were impacted by the country’s civil war. It also examines farmer survival strategies during the war, and reveals the presence of minor localized conflict over water resources. Conflict over land is not a major concern at present. Market access for inputs and outputs are shown to have been a problem for a number of farmers during the civil war. The poverty of Santa Cruz farmers indicates that much could be gained by rural development. Research is unable to support the hypotheses that agricultural technologies have prevented or caused conflict in Santa Cruz del Quiché, or that they have played a large role in recovery from the country’s civil war. The author recommends that future research be undertaken in regions with a diverse set of agricultural technologies, and/or a recent history of significant technological change in agriculture. Policy recommendations include providing secure access to markets during war time, increasing capacity for home-based rural production, and continuing research into resilient crops. Finally, the author suggests that the responsible decision to develop, adopt, or introduce an agricultural technology must take into account the social consequences of that decision, including how the new technology may alleviate or contribute to conflict.

The disappointing rate of rural electrification in a number of developing countries has raised issues about the equity of utility investments and subsidies since limited connection to the central grid threatens to increase the gap between rich and poor. A review of the arguments for and against central-grid rural electrification cites the efficiency and low cost of electricity, improved productivity, and a way to balance urban and rural investments as the principal benefits. Critics challenge these points and argue that electrification is too costly, has uneven social benefits, and has no direct economic benefits. They feel that the US model of rural electrification may not be applicable to developing countries with a lower per-capita income and that central grid generation lacks the merits of development strategies based on renewable sources and alternative technologies. Studies show that the impact of rural electrification varies among countries, but that even the more successful will require subsidies to ensure that electrification projects are coordinated with social and economic programs. 11 references, 1 table. (DCK)

Rural Business Energy Efficiency Improvement Loan Program Rural Business Energy Efficiency Improvement Loan Program Rural Business Energy Efficiency Improvement Loan Program < Back Eligibility Agricultural Savings Category Other Maximum Rebate Maximum Loan: $30,000 Program Info State Maryland Program Type State Loan Program Rebate Amount Loan amount: varies Grant: 10% of loan amount Provider Maryland Agricultural and Resource Based Industry Development Corporation The Maryland Agricultural and Resource Based Industry Development Corporation (MARBIDCO) offers low interest loans for energy efficiency improvements to farms and rural businesses through the Rural Business Energy Efficiency Improvement Loan Program. The program is designed to facilitate the purchase of equipment or technology that lowers business energy consumption. Applicants must have a credit score of at least 650

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have shown their potential in rural electrification projects around the world, especially concerning Solar Home Systems. With continuing price decreases of PV systems, other applications are becoming economically attractive and growing experience is gained with the use of PV in such areas as social and communal services, agriculture and other productive activities, which can have a significant impact on rural development. There is still a lack of information, however, on the potential and limitations of such PV applications. The main aim of this study is, therefore, to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact and of the limitations of PV systems on sustainable agriculture and rural development (SARD), especially concerning income-generating activities. It is, in fact, of paramount importance to identify the potential contribution of PV to rural development in order to gain further financial and political commitment for PV projects and programmes and to design appropriate PV projects. One of the main lessons learnt through this study is that success of PV programmes is significantly enhanced when an integrated strategy is followed. Solar photovoltaic systems, through their flexibility in use, offer unique chances for the energy sector to provide “packages ” of energy services to remote rural areas such as for rural health care, education, communication, agriculture, lighting and water supply. It is hoped that this document contributes to the generation of ideas and discussions among the different institutions involved in providing these services to rural areas and thereby to an "informed " decision on the PV technology option.

This is one of a new series of information bulletins for individual rural municipalities of Manitoba. They serve to introduce the newly developed digital soil databases and illustrate several typical derived and interpretive map products for agricultural land use planning applications. The bulletins will also be available in diskette format for each rural municipality. Information contained in this bulletin may be quoted and utilized with appropriate reference to the originating agencies. The authors and originating agencies assume no responsibility for the misuse, alteration, re-packaging, or re-interpretation of the information. This information bulletin serves as an introduction to the land resource information available for the municipality. More detailed information, including copies of the primary soil and terrain maps

To foster rural economic development and growth, Congress passed the Renewable Energy Systems and Energy Efficiency Improvements Program as Section 9006 of the 2002 Farm Bill. This program provides financial assistance to farmers, ranchers, and rural small businesses to purchase renewable energy systems or make energy efficiency improvements. The Rural Business and Cooperative Services of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) administers this program. This conference poster provides an overview of Section 9006.

Alaska remains, even at the beginning of the 21st century, a place with many widely scattered, small, remote communities, well beyond the end of both the road system and the power grid. These communities have the highest energy costs of any place in the United States, despite the best efforts of the utilities that service them. This is due to the widespread dependence on diesel electric generators, which require small capital investments, but recent increases in crude oil prices have resulted in dramatic increases in the cost of power. In the enabling legislation for the Arctic Energy Office in 2001, specific inclusion was made for the study of ways of reducing the cost of electrical power in these remote communities. As part of this mandate, the University of Alaska has, in conjunction with the US Department of Energy, the Denali Commission and the Alaska Energy Authority, organized a series of rural energy conferences, held approximately every 18 months. The goal of these meeting was to bring together ruralutility operators, rural community leaders, government agency representatives, equipment suppliers, and researchers from universities and national laboratories to discuss the current state of the art in rural power generation, to discuss current projects, including successes as well as near successes. Many of the conference presenters were from industry and not accustomed to writing technical papers, so the typical method of organizing a conference by requesting abstracts and publishing proceedings was not considered viable. Instead, the organizing committee solicited presentations from appropriate individuals, and requested that (if they were comfortable with computers) prepare Power point presentations that were collected and posted on the web. This has become a repository of many presentations, and may be the best single source of information about current projects in the state of Alaska.

Abstract: Saudi Arabia, as well as other countries in the Near East region, is characterized by erratic weather conditions, limited area of fertile arable lands, and with acute water shortage. Although agricultural residues (AGR) production in the region is huge (more than 440 million tons), most of these residues are either burned in the field or utilized in an inefficient way. Utilization of AGR as compost may contribute to expansion of arable lands through its use for reclamation of soil and reduce irrigation requirements. This study was conducted at Al Khalidiah farm, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia to assess compost production at large commercial scale using several types of agricultural and animal by-products with addition of a BZT®Compost Activator (based mainly on microorganism, enzymes and yeast). In this study, two types of compost piles were made at the farm. The first pile of compost was made of different agriculture residues, namely: animal wastes (quail, goat and sheep manure), brownian agricultural wastes (windbreaks residues, date trees, citrus and olive trees pruning) and green landscape grasses (50%, 25 % and 25%, respectively) and was treated with a tested compost activator. The same agriculture residues combination was also made for the second pile as traditional compost

Outreach Articles Outreach Articles Electricity from the Wind series of articles was designed to support agricultural outreach efforts. The articles explore wind energy issues as they relate to the rural/agricultural community. These articles are available to media outlets in your state, especially agricultural media outlets. The articles may also be used as handouts when attending agricultural group meetings. Electricity from the Wind: A New Lesson for Schools Electricity from the Wind: What Landowners Should Know Electricity from the Wind: The New Cash Crop Electricity from the Wind: Wind Energy and the Natural Gas Crisis Electricity from the Wind: Economic Development for Rural Communities Electricity from the Wind: USDA Farm Bill Section 9006 Provides Funding for Farm and Ranch Wind Projects

Climate Change: building the resilience of poor rural communities Climate Change: building the resilience of poor rural communities Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Climate Change: building the resilience of poor rural communities Agency/Company /Organization: International Fund for Agricultural Development Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Agriculture Topics: Policies/deployment programs Resource Type: Publications Website: www.ifad.org/climate/factsheet/e.pdf References: Climate Change: building the resilience of poor rural communities[1] Background "Adaptation to climate variability has been a de facto part of IFAD's work for decades, through its efforts to build the resilience of poor rural people to difficult conditions. More recently, in response to the growing magnitude of climate change, IFAD is increasingly integrating adaptation

AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE AND THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND THE NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND REFORM COMMISSION OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON COOPERATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOFUELS The Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Energy (DOE) of the United States of America, acting jointly, and the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) of the People's Republic of China, hereinafter the "Participants", Acknowledging that developing fuels that utilize biomass resources is an important way to significantly reduce fossil fuel consumption, promote the agricultural sector, and support rural development, Recognizing the important role played by other government entities in both countries in the area of biofuels development, and the benefits expected from their potential

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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0 biogas for rural communities TD390 Supervised learning: Study report Vaibhav Nasery Roll No. 08D highly successful rural biogas models wherein biogas is produced and utilized as a cooking fuel by the villagers. The two models studied are the Community Biogas plant established by SUMUL Dairy at Bhintbudrak

The effect of rural variability in calculating the urban heat island effect for Phoenix, Arizona, was examined. A dense network of temperature and humidity sensors was deployed across different land uses on an agricultural farm southeast of ...

This paper demonstrates a model for electricity delivery and revenue collection in a rural context with the potential to increase the reliability of service delivery and lower operating costs compared to traditional fixed monthly fee utilities. The microutility ...

Rural Energy for America Program Rural Energy for America Program The Rural Energy for America Program (REAP) offers grant and loan opportunities to farmers to help fund renewable energy projects and energy efficiency on the farm including wind projects. The program also provides grants for energy audits and renewable energy development assistance. The program assists farmers, ranchers, and rural small businesses reduce energy costs and consumption to help the nation meet its energy needs. The program also helps to support and stimulate rural economic development through the creation of new renewable energy sources and income, while it creates jobs and new uses for agricultural products. Congress allocated the following funding for the program. For appropriations updates see the FarmEnergy.org Web site.

Biomass utilization is one solution to our nation’s addiction to oil and fossil fuels. What is needed now is applied fundamental research that will cause economic technology development for the utilization of the diverse biomass resources in the United States. This Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC) applied fundamental research project contributes to the development of economical biomass utilization for energy, transportation fuels, and marketable chemicals using biorefinery methods that include thermochemical and fermentation processes. The fundamental and basic applied research supports the broad scientific objectives of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Biomass Program, especially in the area of developing alternative renewable biofuels, sustainable bioenergy, technologies that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and environmental remediation. Its deliverables include 1) identifying and understanding environmental consequences of energy production from biomass, including the impacts on greenhouse gas production, carbon emission abatement, and utilization of waste biomass residues and 2) developing biology-based solutions that address DOE and national needs related to waste cleanup, hydrogen production from renewable biomass, biological and chemical processes for energy and fuel production, and environmental stewardship. This project serves the public purpose of encouraging good environmental stewardship by developing biomass-refining technologies that can dramatically increase domestic energy production to counter current trends of rising dependence upon petroleum imports. Decreasing the nation’s reliance on foreign oil and energy will enhance national security, the economy of rural communities, and future competitiveness. Although renewable energy has many forms, such as wind and solar, biomass is the only renewable energy source that can be governed through agricultural methods and that has an energy density that can realistically compete with, or even replace, petroleum and other fossil fuels in the near future. It is a primary domestic, sustainable, renewable energy resource that can supply liquid transportation fuels, chemicals, and energy that are currently produced from fossil sources, and it is a sustainable resource for a hydrogen-based economy in the future.

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Sustainable development is of great significance in rural areas of China, which are under coupled pressures of poverty reduction, environmental protection and economic development. In these areas, agriculture is the primary sector in supporting their ... Keywords: China, Expert system, Public's perception, Rural area, Sustainable development

The messuage and rural house is the most important estate of farmers possessed, and the guarantee of their rights of residence, which should be mainly protected by the country. However, the current running laws and regulations have limits on its transfer, ... Keywords: rural residential mortgage loan, capital requirement, characteristic agriculture development, precaution of risks

Research on flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) has been conducted under the auspices of the Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum Agricultural Network program sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) in collaboration with individual utilities, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, and universities. This report describes work conducted in northwestern New Mexico in 2008–2012 as part of that effort. Two separate ...

and improve the efficiency an energy consumptive system or determine the best utilization of an energy and economic foundations. Energy utilization-global and national. Sectoral analysis of energy consumption. Relationship of energy consumption and production to economic growth and environment. Technology for energy

Mississippi Public Utility Act Mississippi Public Utility Act Mississippi Public Utility Act < Back Eligibility Commercial Construction Developer General Public/Consumer Industrial Investor-Owned Utility Municipal/Public UtilityRural Electric Cooperative Utility Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State Mississippi Program Type Industry Recruitment/Support Siting and Permitting Provider Public Service Commission The Mississippi Public Utility Act is relevant to any project that plans to generate energy. It requires that a utility must first obtain a Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (CPCN) from the Mississippi Public Service Commission (PSC) before commencing construction of a new electric

Synthesis of Agricultural Policies in Bangladesh Synthesis of Agricultural Policies in Bangladesh Jump to: navigation, search Name A Synthesis of Agricultural Policies in Bangladesh Agency/Company /Organization Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Government of Bangladesh Sector Land Focus Area Agriculture Topics Policies/deployment programs, Background analysis Resource Type Publications Website http://www.un-bd.org/pub/unpub Country Bangladesh UN Region South-Eastern Asia References A Synthesis of Agricultural Policies in Bangladesh[1] Overview "There is a plethora of policy/ strategy documents relevant to broad agriculture and rural development in Bangladesh. These can be classified in three sub-categories- crops, noncrops and cross cutting policies (Table 1). As one would expect, about a half of the policy documents deal with crop

The agricultural activity in Galicia, NW Spain, is carried out on farms that are characterized by a diversity of land uses and production models, a variety of sizes, and considerable geographical dispersion. Any attempt of agricultural production planning ... Keywords: Agricultural production planning, Farm types, Rural development, Software applications

Utilities (Florida) Utilities (Florida) Public Utilities (Florida) < Back Eligibility Commercial Construction Developer Industrial Investor-Owned Utility Municipal/Public Utility Retail Supplier Rural Electric Cooperative Systems Integrator Utility Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State Florida Program Type Generating Facility Rate-Making Provider Florida Public Service Commission Chapter 366 of the Florida Statutes governs the operation of public utilities, and includes a section pertaining to cogeneration and small power production (366.051). This section establishes the state's support for incorporating cogenerators and small power producers into the grid, and directs the Public Service Commission to establish regulations and

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Community-Driven Development Decision Tools for Rural Development Programs Community-Driven Development Decision Tools for Rural Development Programs Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Community-driven Development Decision Tools for Rural Development Programs Agency/Company /Organization: International Fund for Agricultural Development Topics: Policies/deployment programs Resource Type: Guide/manual, Training materials Website: www.ifad.org/english/cdd/pub/decisiontools.pdf Community-driven Development Decision Tools for Rural Development Programs Screenshot References: Community-Driven Development Decision Tools[1] Overview "The CDD Decision Tools is the final outcome of a series of studies conducted from 2003-08 by IFAD on the CDD activities and approaches it sponsors in a number of countries in Western and Central Africa (WCA). The

Biofuel From Corncobs and Switchgrass in Rural America Biofuel From Corncobs and Switchgrass in Rural America Making Biofuel From Corncobs and Switchgrass in Rural America June 11, 2010 - 4:48pm Addthis DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol (DDCE) opened a new biorefinery in Vonore, Tenn., last year. | Photo courtesy of DDCE DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol (DDCE) opened a new biorefinery in Vonore, Tenn., last year. | Photo courtesy of DDCE Lindsay Gsell Energy crops and agricultural residue, like corncobs and stover, are becoming part of rural America's energy future. Unlike the more common biofuel derived from corn, these are non-food/feed based cellulosic feedstocks, and the energy content of the biomass makes it ideal for converting to sustainable fuel. Last January in Vonore, Tenn., DuPont Danisco Cellulosic Ethanol (DDCE)

Short Course in Agricultural Microscopy. Fargo North Dakota held June 13-16 2011. Sponsored by the Agricultural Microscopy Division of AOCS and the Great Plains Institute of Food Safety. Short Course Agricultural Microscopy Short Courses ...

A comprehensive in-store survey may capture the availability of healthful food alternatives in different store types in two rural counties. The purpose of this study was to: (1) compare the availability of healthful foods in two rural Texas counties; and (2) compare the variety of healthful foods in two rural Texas counties. This study also acts as a pilot test for further food availability research in four other rural counties of the Brazos Valley. An unobtrusive, observational survey was used to measure availability of healthful food in all (100%) grocery, convenience, and discount stores (n=44) in two rural counties in the Brazos Valley of Texas. Results from the surveys indicated that availability of healthful food alternatives varied greatly among the three different store types and two counties surveyed. Grocery stores (n=7) were more likely than convenience (n=31) and discount (n=6) stores to offer fresh fruits and vegetables, leanmeat options, and low-fat/skim milk products. Fresh fruits and vegetables were available in 100% of grocery stores. Only 16.1% of convenience stores, compared with 0.0% in discount stores, offered fresh fruits and vegetables. Variety of fruits and vegetables varied greatly among the three different store types and the two counties surveyed. Findings suggest that the survey utilized was feasible in determining the availability of healthful food items in two rural counties. Implications of this study include the need for knowledge and awareness of rural consumers and rural food supply. Furthermore, nutrition education for rural consumers and those purchasing foods provided to rural areas is desired. This study provided that further investigation into the availability of healthful foods in rural areas is needed.

Increasing volumes of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum will become available for agricultural use as more utilities install forced oxidation scrubbers and the wallboard market for the resulting gypsum becomes saturated. This interim report describes work performed in 2007 and 2008 to develop a national research network to gain data and experience to support the beneficial uses of FGD products, especially FGD gypsum, in agriculture and other land applications.

Biomass is a proven option for electricity generation. A diverse range of biopower producers includes electric utilities, independent power producers, and the pulp and paper industry. To help expand opportunities for biomass power production, the U.S. Department of Energy established the Biopower Program and is sponsoring efforts to increase the productivity of dedicated energy crops. The Program aims to double biomass conversion efficiencies, thus reducing biomass power generation costs. These efforts will promote industrial and agricultural growth, improve the environment, create jobs, increase U.S. energy security, and provide new export markets.

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The opportunities for utilizing Jamaica/s rich supply of renewable energy resources as a base for stead, environmentally sound rural development is tremendous. This thesis explores as way of tapping this potential. Jamaica's ...

UtilitiesUtilities The Utilities Group, led by project engineer Ron Beauman, is responsible for providing Utilities Engineering and Technical services to NSLS, Users, and SDL including cooling water at controlled flow rates, pressures, and temperatures, compressed air and other gases. In addition, they provide HVAC engineering, technical, and electrical services as needed. Utilities systems include cooling and process water, gas, and compressed air systems. These systems are essential to NSLS operations. Working behind the scenes, the Utilities group continuously performs preventative maintenance to ensure that the NSLS has minimal downtime. This is quite a feat, considering that the Utilities group has to maintain seven very large and independent systems that extent throughout NSLS. Part of the group's

Rural Development, Climate Change, Biodiversity and Rural Development, Climate Change, Biodiversity and Desertification Jump to: navigation, search Calendar.png Event:Regional Forum on Rural Development, Climate Change, Biodiversity and Desertification: on 2011/05/05 "This Ministerial-level forum is organized by the Central American Commission on Environment and Development (CCAD), Central American Agricultural Council (CAC) and Council of Health Ministers of Central America (COMISCA). Under the theme "Contributing to the Region's Security and Governability Faced with Climate Change," the Forum will examine progress and identify priority actions and mechanisms for inter-institutional coordination and social participation at the national and regional levels on climate change adaptation and mitigation in the

Practices Practices Jump to: navigation, search Name Rural Energy Services Best Practices Agency/Company /Organization United States Agency for International Development Partner South Asia Regional Initiative for Energy Sector Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy Topics Implementation Resource Type Lessons learned/best practices Website http://www.sari-energy.org/Pro Country Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka UN Region South-Eastern Asia References Rural Energy Services Best Practices[1] Summary "The rural electricity market is very complex in South Asia. This is due to fact that the traditional model of utility-based centralized grid extension cannot cover the entire population for demographic and economic reasons. To some extent the gap in providing rural electrification has been filled by

The initial economic evaluation is provided for the alternatives to natural gas consumption previously identified. Using estimates of well costs, well flow, well life, temperature, enthalpy, and rates of return on invested capital, the cost of brine production has been estimated in terms of a demand charge and an energy charge. Capital costs of geothermal flash steam and binary systems from 5 to 30 Gross MW capacities have been estimated utilizing a modified Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories GEOCOST computer program. Fossil fuel costs, geothermal brine costs, and rate of inflation have been projected through 1997. Using these data, the thermal cycle efficiencies, and the capital cost data, the projected annual cost savings and the internal rate of return, as a function of the amount of fossil fuel displaced by geothermal energy, have been calculated and preliminary conclusions have been drawn based on this overall economic evaluation. In addition to an overall economic evaluation, an individual energy utilization evaluation was undertaken. Using estimates of capital costs, energy costs, and energy conversion efficiencies, a total unit charge rate in $/Hp-hr was assigned to each existing equipment driver and each proposed energy alternative to determine the best method for substituting geothermal energy for existing fossil fuel energy in the Valley Nitrogen Producers (VNP) Plant Steam Cycle. An optimal cost-effective plan for individual energy utilization in the VNP Plant Steam Cycle was developed from this evaluation and preliminary conclusions drawn.

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Agriculture and Energy Departments Announce New Investments to Agriculture and Energy Departments Announce New Investments to Drive Innovations in Biofuels and Biobased Products Agriculture and Energy Departments Announce New Investments to Drive Innovations in Biofuels and Biobased Products July 25, 2012 - 1:37pm Addthis News Media Contact (202) 586-4940 WASHINGTON - As part of the Obama Administration's all-of-the-above strategy to enhance U.S. energy security, reduce America's reliance on imported oil and leverage our domestic energy supply, while also supporting rural economies, the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Energy today announced a $41 million investment in 13 projects that will drive more efficient biofuels production and feedstock improvements. "If we want to develop affordable alternatives for oil and gasoline that

Agriculture and Energy Departments Announce New Investments to Agriculture and Energy Departments Announce New Investments to Drive Innovations in Biofuels and Biobased Products Agriculture and Energy Departments Announce New Investments to Drive Innovations in Biofuels and Biobased Products July 25, 2012 - 1:37pm Addthis News Media Contact (202) 586-4940 WASHINGTON - As part of the Obama Administration's all-of-the-above strategy to enhance U.S. energy security, reduce America's reliance on imported oil and leverage our domestic energy supply, while also supporting rural economies, the U.S. Departments of Agriculture (USDA) and Energy today announced a $41 million investment in 13 projects that will drive more efficient biofuels production and feedstock improvements. "If we want to develop affordable alternatives for oil and gasoline that

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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unused airwaves abutting broadcast television spectrum to be available for wireless broadband 1. Opening these airwaves, which are commonly called television “white spaces, ” is expected to lead to improved wireless connectivity and considerable innovation in Internet?based products and services. Advocates say that the new rules could significantly upgrade the range and quality of broadband services across rural America. This change is just one of many decisions, policies, reports, and pieces of legislation concerning improved broadband deployment that have appeared in recent months. This brief has been prepared to give policymakers and practitioners with interests in rural development some background on the issues and opportunities associated with rural broadband, as a basis for wiser public choice on investment in rural places. What is broadband? The term ”broadband ” refers to any technology that transmits data across the Internet at high speeds and is “always on ” – as compared with a dial?up system that must be connected each time a user wishes to access the Internet. Broadband systems have a two?way stream of data: upstream for sending data and downstream for receiving data. Broadband services in the United States are most often delivered by telephone companies on digital

Public Utilities Act (Illinois) Public Utilities Act (Illinois) Public Utilities Act (Illinois) < Back Eligibility Commercial Industrial Municipal/Public UtilityRural Electric Cooperative Utility Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Program Info State Illinois Program Type Environmental Regulations Generating Facility Rate-Making Safety and Operational Guidelines Provider Illinois Commerce Commission This act aims to make energy services in the state reliable and efficient, while preserving the quality if the environment. It states the duties of public utilities in terms of accounts and reports. Every public utility shall furnish to the Commission all information required by it to carry into effect the provisions of this Act, and shall make specific answers to

Utility Easements (Indiana) Utility Easements (Indiana) Utility Easements (Indiana) < Back Eligibility Institutional Investor-Owned Utility Local Government Municipal/Public UtilityRural Electric Cooperative State/Provincial Govt Utility Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State Indiana Program Type Siting and Permitting Provider Indiana Department of Natural Resources A permit is required from the Indiana Department of Natural Resources for the construction of a utility upon a state park, a state forest, a state game preserve, land acquired by the state and set aside as a scenic or historic place, or the portion of a public highway passing through one of the aforementioned types of places

Avista Utilities - Net Metering Avista Utilities - Net Metering Avista Utilities - Net Metering < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Residential Savings Category Bioenergy Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Water Buying & Making Electricity Solar Home Weatherization Wind Program Info State Idaho Program Type Net Metering Provider Avista Utilities Idaho does not have a statewide net-metering policy. However, each of the state's three investor-owned utilities -- Avista Utilities, Idaho Power and Rocky Mountain Power -- has developed a net-metering tariff that has been approved by the Idaho Public Utilities Commission (PUC). The framework of the utilities' net-metering programs is similar, in that each utility: (1) offers net metering to customers that generate electricity using solar,

OFF-GRID RENEWABLE ENERGY OPTIONS FOR RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN WESTERN CHINA by the Center for Energy and Environmental Policy of University of Delaware Sponsored by National Renewable Energy Laboratory and Ministry of Agriculture People's Republic of China June 2001 #12;i OFF-GRID RENEWABLE ENERGY

This paper provides a description of current work to promote and support the developing market for renewable (RE) and energy efficiency (EE) technologies in China. Since the signing of the US/China Protocol for Cooperation in the Fields of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technology Development and Utilization in 1995, NREL has helped to promote RE and EE technologies, specifically rural energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, and renewable energy business development, in addition to more general policy and planning support. This paper focuses on NREL's work in support of the $240 million Township Electrification Program, which is providing power to over 1000 rural communities using renewable based energy sources.

Developing commercial energy crops for power generation by the year 2000 is the focus of the DOE/USDA sponsored Biomass Power for Rural Development project. The New York based Salix Consortium project is a multi-partner endeavor, implemented in three stages. Phase-I, Final Design and Project Development, will conclude with the preparation of construction and/or operating permits, feedstock production plans, and contracts ready for signature. Field trials of willow (Salix) have been initiated at several locations in New York (Tully, Lockport, King Ferry, La Facette, Massena, and Himrod) and co-firing tests are underway at Greenidge Station (NYSEG). Phase-II of the project will focus on scale-up of willow crop acreage, construction of co-firing facilities at Dunkirk Station (NMPC), and final modifications for Greenidge Station. There will be testing of the energy crop as part of the gasification trials expected to occur at BED`s McNeill power station and potentially at one of GPU`s facilities. Phase-III will represent full-scale commercialization of the energy crop and power generation on a sustainable basis. Willow has been selected as the energy crop of choice for many reasons. Willow is well suited to the climate of the Northeastern United States, and initial field trials have demonstrated that the yields required for the success of the project are obtainable. Like other energy crops, willow has rural development benefits and could serve to diversify local crop production, provide new sources of income for participating growers, and create new jobs. Willow could be used to put a large base of idle acreage back into crop production. Additionally, the willow coppicing system integrates well with current farm operations and utilizesagricultural practices that are already familiar to farmers.

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Rural areas in India are characterized by limited land availability, low literacy, inadequate health, sanitary and drinking water facilities. In spite of over five decades of independence, the rural scenario has not changed much and 75% of rural people ...

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Major challenges currently face California's agricultural community. Increasingly stringent environmental and regulatory controls mandate changes in the use and disposal of agricultural chemicals, require the more aggressive management of farm wastes, and impose new responsibilities for water use. This program demonstrated a number of energy efficient and environmentally friendly technologies designed to address these issues.

Flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGDG) is an excellent source of gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) that is created when sulfur dioxide is removed from the exhaust gases during the combustion of coal for energy production. Research on FGDG has been conducted as part of the Flue Gas Desulfurization Gypsum Agricultural Network program sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute in collaboration with individual utilities, the U.S. EPA, the United States Department of Agriculture’sAgricultural ...

Thailand-Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy Thailand-Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy Agency/Company /Organization Asian Development Bank Sector Energy, Land Focus Area Biomass, - Biofuels, Agriculture Topics Policies/deployment programs, Co-benefits assessment, - Energy Access, Resource assessment, Background analysis Website http://www.adb.org/Documents/R Country Thailand UN Region South-Eastern Asia References Thailand-Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy[1] Thailand-Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy Screenshot Summary "The objectives of this study are to: identify promising areas for investment in the development of the biofuel subsector in Thailand, with due consideration of the country's

China-Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy China-Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy Agency/Company /Organization Asian Development Bank Sector Energy, Land Focus Area Biomass, - Biofuels, Agriculture Topics Policies/deployment programs, Co-benefits assessment, Resource assessment, Background analysis Website http://www.adb.org/Documents/R Country China UN Region Eastern Asia, South-Eastern Asia References China-Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy[1] China-Status and Potential for the Development of Biofuels and Rural Renewable Energy Screenshot Overview "The goals of this project are to better understand biofuel development in the PRC; assess the implications of the biofuel program on food prices,crop

Rural Electric Cooperative Wins DOE Wind Cooperative of Rural Electric Cooperative Wins DOE Wind Cooperative of the Year Award Illinois Rural Electric Cooperative Wins DOE Wind Cooperative of the Year Award February 17, 2006 - 12:02pm Addthis WASHINGTON , DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced that Illinois Rural Electric Cooperative (IREC) will receive the 2005 Wind Cooperative of the Year Award. The utility was cited for its leadership, demonstrated success, and innovation in its wind power program. "Illinois Rural Electric has been awarded for its innovation and commitment to wind power," said Douglas L. Faulkner, Acting Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. "They have demonstrated that wind power can contribute to a cleaner environment, a stronger local economy and

In 2006, the author began research on current issues in rural education in which teachers recounted narratives of teaching. As deficits, they spoke of an inability to retain teachers, too little diversity in student programming, and lack of access to ... Keywords: Distance Education, Distance Education Technologies, Educational Technology, Rural Schools, Teacher Practices

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This paper analyzes the community insurance of individual consumption against income risks in rural Burkina Faso. The study area is characterized by significant income volatility, particularly for poor households, caused by global or idiosyncratic shocks. The average consumption at village or region community level is used to control for global shocks. The differential effect of income instability on consumption insurance of poor households has been identified. We find robust results by using the General Least Square Method, applied to a 2004-2006 panel data from PNGT2. These results indicate partial consumption insurance by the community. Poor household income is more unstable. Its consumption is more linked to its income variation and less assured by its community during important global shocks. Consumption in the cotton basin is more sensitive to the income risk and less insured by the community. Food consumption is more assured. These results reveal an important role of the rural community in risk sharing, principally in situation of absence of formal insurance structures. 1. Background and objectives The rural Burkina Faso is characterized by important income volatility generated by global or idiosyncratic shocks. This volatility would be particularly for the poor. The main income source in this area is agriculture; then, income is dependent on climatic and socio-economic shocks, as in most of the developing countries (Deaton, 1992, 1997). The instability of household income is a risk on their consumption. Some risks are global, affecting all the households and others are idiosyncratic. However, the formal institutional mechanisms of consumption insurance against these risks are not well developed or not effective. The literature indicates that rural households develop various actions of consumption adjustment in case of income risks 1. It is, for example, about storage of agricultural food grains, space diversification of land plots exploited, credit, speculation on assets and family solidarity

During nearly five weeks in China (May–June 1981), the author visited scientific institutions and experiment stations engaged in agricultural meterology and climatology research and teaching. The facilities, studies, and research programs at each ...

The direct and indirect benefits of rural electrification in Ecuador warrant A.I.D.'s continued sponsorship of such programs. This assessment of A.I.D.'s 1964-75 sponsorship of four electrification projects in Ecuador concludes that, although implemented along with other development projects such as road construction, the program was a key factor in upgrading the towns of Santa Elena, Santo Domingo de los Colorados, Daule, and Ambato into regional market and service centers. The main benefits of this program, which was not originally designed to benefit the poor, were job creation, access to agricultural product processing facilities, and increased opportunities for small commercial enterprises.

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Agriculture and Foods Agriculture and Foods Nature Bulletin No. 387-A September 19, 1970 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation INDIAN AGRICULTURE AND FOODS Most of the Indian tribes east of the Great Plains were part-time farmers. Some of them cultivated sunflowers, giant ragweed, canary grass and pigweed for their seeds, which they used as food. Many grew tobacco. But corn, beans and squash -- wherever the climate permitted - - were the principal crops. There were several varieties of beans. They ate both the seeds and rinds of some dozens of kinds of squash and pumpkin. When game was not abundant there was a wealth of wild fruits, berries, and many kinds of wild plants with edible leaves, seeds, or roots. Corn, however, was the ' staff of life" and they depended on corn, beans and squash -- "the three sisters" -- for year-round food.

Large-scale EE programs would modestly increase tariffs but reduce consumers' electricity bills significantly. However, the primary benefit of EE programs is a significant reduction in power shortages, which might make these programs politically acceptable even if tariffs increase. To increase political support, utilities could pursue programs that would result in minimal tariff increases. This can be achieved in four ways: (a) focus only on low-cost programs (such as replacing electric water heaters with gas water heaters); (b) sell power conserved through the EE program to the market at a price higher than the cost of peak power purchase; (c) focus on programs where a partial utility subsidy of incremental capital cost might work and (d) increase the number of participant consumers by offering a basket of EE programs to fit all consumer subcategories and tariff tiers. Large scale EE programs can result in consistently negative cash flows and significantly erode the utility's overall profitability. In case the utility is facing shortages, the cash flow is very sensitive to the marginal tariff of the unmet demand. This will have an important bearing on the choice of EE programs in Indian states where low-paying rural and agricultural consumers form the majority of the unmet demand. These findings clearly call for a flexible, sustainable solution to the cash-flow management issue. One option is to include a mechanism like FAC in the utility incentive mechanism. Another sustainable solution might be to have the net program cost and revenue loss built into utility's revenue requirement and thus into consumer tariffs up front. However, the latter approach requires institutionalization of EE as a resource. The utility incentive mechanisms would be able to address the utility disincentive of forgone long-run return but have a minor impact on consumer benefits. Fundamentally, providing incentives for EE programs to make them comparable to supply-side investments is a way of moving the electricity sector toward a model focused on providing energy services rather than providing electricity.

lines, and becoming an international benchmark in some of them. Incentives will be given to those (elimination of wastes genera- ted by society, decontamination of soils, clean agriculture, etc change, energy or water). Institutes and Centres that comprise the Area The Area comprises a total of 17

AOCS Agricultural Microscopy Division Newsletter March 2011 Greetings from the Chairperson The Agricultural Microscopy Division would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere sympathy to the family and friends of George Liepa who rece

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Commercial Ethanol Turns Dross to Dollars for Rural Iowans Commercial Ethanol Turns Dross to Dollars for Rural Iowans Commercial Ethanol Turns Dross to Dollars for Rural Iowans September 28, 2011 - 3:23pm Addthis American farmers harvest 80 million acres of corn each autumn. The corn stover usually left on a hewn field can be processed into a renewable transportation fuel called bioethanol. | Image courtesy of POET American farmers harvest 80 million acres of corn each autumn. The corn stover usually left on a hewn field can be processed into a renewable transportation fuel called bioethanol. | Image courtesy of POET Michael Hess Michael Hess Former Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What are the key facts? Farmers, truck operators, farm equipment distributors and agricultural laborers all benefit from the emerging bioethanol market in

Commercial Ethanol Turns Dross to Dollars for Rural Iowans Commercial Ethanol Turns Dross to Dollars for Rural Iowans Commercial Ethanol Turns Dross to Dollars for Rural Iowans September 28, 2011 - 3:23pm Addthis American farmers harvest 80 million acres of corn each autumn. The corn stover usually left on a hewn field can be processed into a renewable transportation fuel called bioethanol. | Image courtesy of POET American farmers harvest 80 million acres of corn each autumn. The corn stover usually left on a hewn field can be processed into a renewable transportation fuel called bioethanol. | Image courtesy of POET Michael Hess Michael Hess Former Digital Communications Specialist, Office of Public Affairs What are the key facts? Farmers, truck operators, farm equipment distributors and agricultural laborers all benefit from the emerging bioethanol market in

In the United States, rural culture is frequently thought of as traditional and “authentically” American. This belief stems from settler colonial histories in which Native lands are stolen and “settled” by white colonial communities. Through this process, the rugged “frontier” becomes a symbol of American identity, and rural communities become the home of “real” Americans. Because settler colonization is invested in maintaining systems of white supremacy, sexism, and heteropatriarchy, these “real” Americans are figured as normatively white and straight. This dissertation analyzes the rhetorical construction of rurality in the United States, specifically focusing on the ways in which settler colonial histories shape national discussions of rural sexuality. I theorize a rhetorical practice I call rural drag, a process by which individuals in settler society can assert membership in white heteropatriarchy by performing “rurality.” I trace the development of this rhetorical practice through three case studies. In the first, I analyze 19th-century Texan legislative writings during the creation of Texas A&M University. These writings and related correspondences reveal a baseline of white supremacist and settler colonial rhetorics upon which the university established its ethos. In the second, I look at how these rhetorics continue to inform performances of sexuality and gender at Texas A&M. These performances derive from earlier rhetorical practices designed to create a space for white settler privilege. Together, these two case studies suggest that rhetorical practices shape and are shaped by the spaces in which they are practiced and the rhetorical histories of these spaces. In my final case study, I interrogate national discourses of rurality through an analysis of country western music to show how rhetorics of rurality are simultaneously local and national. I conclude by challenging scholars of rhetoric and queer studies to recognize that the relationship between rhetoric and place is key to recognizing our relationship to privilege and oppression in the United States. To further this, I propose a decolonial queerscape pedagogy that accounts for the multiple overlays of sexual identities and practices that travel through the academy while challenging the colonial histories and actions upon which the academy is built.

Providing sanitation to rural areas in Ghana remains a huge challenge. Government funding is scarce while many international donor projects are ineffective. This thesis explores the difficulties with rural sanitation ...

UtilitiesUtilities Jump to: navigation, search Utilities Electric Utility Rates The Utilities Gateway houses OpenEI's free, community-editable utility rate repository. OpenEI users may browse, edit and add new electric utility rates to OpenEI's repository. EIA provides the authoritative list of utility companies in the United States, and thus OpenEI limits utility rates to companies listed by EIA. 43,031 rates have been contributed for 3,832 EIA-recognized utility companies. Browse rates by zip code Browse rates by utility name Create or edit a rate Number of Utility Companies by State Click on a state to view summaries for that state. See a list of all U.S. utility companies and aliases Utility Rate Database Description The Utility Rate Database (URDB) is a free storehouse of rate structure

Chu, Agriculture Secretary Vilsack Announce $6.3 Chu, Agriculture Secretary Vilsack Announce $6.3 million for Biofuels Research Energy Secretary Chu, Agriculture Secretary Vilsack Announce $6.3 million for Biofuels Research July 22, 2009 - 12:00am Addthis Washington, DC - U.S. Department of Energy Secretary Steven Chu and U.S. Department of Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack announced today the joint selection of awards of up to $6.3 million towards fundamental genomics-enabled research leading to the improved use of plant feedstocks for biofuel production. The seven projects announced today follow the green jobs and renewable energy Rural Tour event hosted last weekend by the two cabinet Secretaries in Virginia. These investments will further the Obama Administration's efforts to broaden the nation's energy portfolio

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Federal Utility Partnership Working Group Participants Federal Utility Partnership Working Group Participants Federal Utility Partnership Working Group Participants October 7, 2013 - 3:22pm Addthis The following Federal agencies have participated in the Federal Utility Partnership Working Group or engaged in a utility energy service contract project. General Services Administration National Aeronautics and Space Administration U.S. Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research Service Forest Service U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Department of Defense Defense Logistics Agency U.S. Air Force U.S. Army U.S. Army National Guard U.S. Navy U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bonneville Power Administration Federal Energy Management Program Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Pacific Northwest National Laboratory National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Final Report for ''Harvesting a New Wind Crop: Innovative Economic Approaches for Rural America'': This project, ''Harvesting a New Wind Crop'', helped stimulate wind development by rural electric cooperatives and municipal utilities in Colorado. To date most of the wind power development in the United States has been driven by large investor-owned utilities serving major metropolitan areas. To meet the 5% by 2020 goal of the Wind Powering America program the 2,000 municipal and 900 rural electric cooperatives in the country must get involved in wind power development. Public power typically serves rural and suburban areas and can play a role in revitalizing communities by tapping into the economic development potential of wind power. One barrier to the involvement of public power in wind development has been the perception that wind power is more expensive than other generation sources. This project focused on two ways to reduce the costs of wind power to make it more attractive to public power entities. The first way was to develop a revenue stream from the sale of green tags. By selling green tags to entities that voluntarily support wind power, rural coops and munis can effectively reduce their cost of wind power. Western Resource Advocates (WRA) and the Community Office for Resource Efficiency (CORE) worked with Lamar Light and Power and Arkansas River Power Authority to develop a strategy to use green tags to help finance their wind project. These utilities are now selling their green tags to Community Energy, Inc., an independent for-profit marketer who in turn sells the tags to consumers around Colorado. The Lamar tags allow the University of Colorado-Boulder, the City of Boulder, NREL and other businesses to support wind power development and make the claim that they are ''wind-powered''. This urban-rural partnership is an important development for the state of Colorado's rural communities get the economic benefits of wind power and urban businesses are able to claim the environmental benefits. The second method to reduce the cost of wind power we investigated involved access to cheap capital. Municipal utilities and rural electric cooperatives have access to low-interest loan programs and frequently finance projects through the sale of revenue bonds, but we were interested in the possibility for small businesses and community banks to provide equity and debt for wind projects. We worked with Boulder Community Hospital to explore their interest in partnering with other businesses and individuals to help catalyze the first community-owned wind project in Colorado. We also met with and gained interest from the independent community banks for the idea of wind power. These small banks may be restricted by lending limits, but are an integral part of rural communities and are very interested in the economic development opportunities wind power presents for small towns. This project was successful in getting six rural electric cooperatives and municipal utilities to purchase more than 25 MW of wind power in Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska. These utilities also announced plans to explore an additional 100 MW or more of wind power development over the next few years. Finally, munis and coops in New Mexico began exploring wind power by offering small green power programs to their customers. WRA believes the lessons learned from this project will assist other municipal utilities and rural electric cooperatives as they develop wind projects.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory was requested by the Regional Office for Central America and Panama to conduct a mid-term evaluation of the Cares Project, which is being implemented by the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association. This evaluation was conducted over a three week period by a four person team. Overall, the project has had numerous successes and is highly valued by local counterpart utilities and USAID Missions. Notwithstanding the significant results of the project, changes can be made in certain operating procedures and in the direction of some programmatic activities that can lead to an even more effective project.

Cogeneration has become an extremely popular subject when discussing conservation and energy saving techniques. One of the key factors which effect conservation is the utility viewpoint on PURPA and cogeneration rule making. These topics are discussed from a utility perspective as how they influence utility participation in future projects. The avoided cost methodology is examined, and these payments for sale of energy to the utility are compared with utility industrial rates. In addition to utilities and industry, third party owner/operation is also a viable option to cogeneration. These options are also discussed as to their impact on the utility and the potential of these ownership arrangements.

Utilization of surfactants for improved oil recovery (IOR) is an accepted technique with high potential. However, technology application is frequently limited by cost. Biosurfactants (surface-active molecules produced by microorganisms) are not widely utilized in the petroleum industry due to high production costs associated with use of expensive substrates and inefficient product recovery methods. The economics of biosurfactant production could be significantly impacted through use of media optimization and application of inexpensive carbon substrates such as agricultural process residuals. Utilization of biosurfactants produced from agricultural residuals may 1) result in an economic advantage for surfactant production and technology application, and 2) convert a substantial agricultural waste stream to a value-added product for IOR. A biosurfactant with high potential for use is surfactin, a lipopeptide biosurfactant, produced by Bacillus subtilis. Reported here is the production and potential IOR utilization of surfactin produced by Bacillus subtilis (American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 21332) from starch-based media. Production of surfactants from microbiological growth media based on simple sugars, chemically pure starch medium, simulated liquid and solid potato-process effluent media, a commercially prepared potato starch in mineral salts, and process effluent from a potato processor is discussed. Additionally, the effect of chemical and physical pretreatments on starchy feedstocks is discussed.

This study was undertaken to determine the most effective transportation fuel conservation measures which could be implemented by such areas during energy emergencies. The study involved a review of the transportation fuels contingency planning literature, state transportation energy contingency plans (with special emphasis on that for Missouri) and transportation studies recently conducted in rural Missouri, together with a survey by mail of local government officials, telephone interviews with rural residents and participation in two community-wide attitude surveys in the Meramec Region of Missouri. On the basis of the review of the literature and the results of the surveys, recommendations have been made on both the strategies that could be implemented to reduce gasoline consumption in rural areas and the institutional arrangements required for coping with a transportation fuels shortage. For small communities and rural areas of Missouri, it was specifically recommended that the multi-county regional planning commission should become the lead agency in implementing and coordinating fuel conservation measures in the event of a serious petroleum shortfall. Each regional planning commission would serve as a single focal point in communicating with the State Energy Office in behalf of its numerous county and city members. Furthermore, the existing statewide network of emergency preparedness officers should be utilized to inventory local fuel distribution services, monitor local service station operating practices and to serve motorists who might be stranded without fuel. Finally, the University of Missouri Cooperative Extension Service should offer educational programs covering topics as fuel conserving driving techniques, vehicle maintenance, trip planning, and ridesharing.

We have examined longitudinally an ICT for a development project in rural India, closely watching activities and surveying users at as many as 100 Internet facilities in more than 50 different villages. The Sustainable Access in Rural India (SARI) project ... Keywords: India, Information technology, international development, rural development, sustainability failure, telecenters

The study describes a "Village Adoption Scheme" as a model for energising the rural economy in India and to slow down rural - urban migration which research has shown to be harmful to both; rural and urban people of India ...

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The aim of this research was an in-depth analysis of the impacts of biofuels industry and ethanol plants on six rural communities in the Midwestern states of Kansas and Iowa. The goal was to provide a better understanding of the social, cultural, and economic implications of biofuels development, and to contribute to more informed policy development regarding bioenergy.Specific project objectives were: 1. To understand how the growth of biofuel production has affected and will affect Midwestern farmers and rural communities in terms of economic, demographic, and socio-cultural impacts; 2. To determine how state agencies, groundwater management districts, local governments and policy makers evaluate or manage bioenergy development in relation to competing demands for economic growth, diminishing water resources, and social considerations; 3. To determine the factors that influence the water management practices of agricultural producers in Kansas and Iowa (e.g. geographic setting, water management institutions, competing water-use demands as well as producersâ?? attitudes, beliefs, and values) and how these influences relate to bioenergy feedstock production and biofuel processing; 4. To determine the relative importance of social-cultural, environmental and/or economic factors in the promotion of biofuels development and expansion in rural communities; The research objectives were met through the completion of six detailed case studies of rural communities that are current or planned locations for ethanol biorefineries. Of the six case studies, two will be conducted on rural communities in Iowa and four will be conducted on rural communities in Kansas. A â??multi-methodâ?ť or â??mixed methodâ?ť research methodology was employed for each case study.

UtilitiesUtilitiesUtilities Below are resources for Tribes about utilities. The Economics of Electric System Municipalization Looks at the economic environment in California to determine whether municipalization would be a beneficial option for many California cities. Source: Bay Area Economic Forum. Establishing a Tribal Utility Authority Handbook Provides an introduction to electric utility operation and general guidance for the steps required to form a tribal utility authority. Funded by an economic development grant awarded by the U.S. Department of the Interior's Office of Indian Energy and Economic Development to the Ak-Chin Indian Community and its tribal utility authority, Ak-Chin Energy Services. Source: Leonard S. Gold, Utility Strategies Consulting Group,

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This article discusses research of the US Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service and the US Department of Energy's Carbon Dioxide Research Division to anticipate the effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on American agriculture. Experiments involving exposure of plants to elevated CO/sub 2/ and attempts to model the productivity of crops as atmospheric CO/sub 2/ increases are described. The scientists quoted in the article are optimistic, emphasizing the beneficial effects of the elevated CO/sub 2/ on crops and speculating that problems caused by associated climate changes can be accommodated by movement of crop regions and by introduction of new varieties.

This study reviews the history of migration in two rural counties in Southern Nevada. It is part of a larger study about the impact of a proposed high-level nuclear waste repository on in- and out-migration patterns in the state. The historical record suggests a boom and bust economic cycle has predominated in the region for the past century creating conditions that should be taken into account by decision makers when ascertaining the long-term impacts of the proposed repository.

EPRI has established a program designed to assist utilities wishing to participate in local Brownfields redevelopment projects. EPRI developed this Brownfields guide to educate utility economic and real estate development personnel in identifying, screening, and supporting Brownfields projects.

Employing an endogenous growth model, this paper investigates China’s rural public pension system. We examine the effects of the policy variables on the labor income growth, population growth, etc. The positive effect of the basic benefit rate ... Keywords: rural area, public pension, endogenous growth

Requirements gathering for design in rural and remote areas needs to be considered within the prevailing cultural context. We explain our use of video as a technological site for cultural encounters during the preparatory elicitation of cultural influences ... Keywords: co-generative methods, cultural encounters, design, indexicality, performative knowledge, rural, video

The United States and Brazil are collaborating to bring electricity to some 5 million households in rural Brazil. Over the next decade, there is a potential to install approximately 500 megawatts (MW) of solar home systems and 1000 MW of community systems, bringing light to households, schools, and health clinics throughout rural Brazil.

This study developed a computational strategy that utilizes data inputs from multiple spatial scales to investigate how variability within individual fields can impact sustainable residue removal for bioenergy production. Sustainable use of agricultural residues for bioenergy production requires consideration of the important role that residues play in limiting soil erosion and maintaining soil C, health, and productivity. Increased availability of subfield-scale data sets such as grain yield data, high-fidelity digital elevation models, and soil characteristic data provides an opportunity to investigate the impacts of subfield-scale variability on sustainable agricultural residue removal. Using three representative fields in Iowa, this study contrasted the results of current NRCS conservation management planning analysis with subfield-scale analysis for rake-and-bale removal of agricultural residue. The results of the comparison show that the field-average assumptions used in NRCS conservation management planning may lead to unsustainable residue removal decisions for significant portions of some fields. This highlights the need for additional research on subfield-scale sustainable agricultural residue removal including the development of real-time variable removal technologies for agricultural residue.

Accelerating commercialization of distributed resources (DR) has created the need for improved practices for integrating them with electric utility distribution systems. Analytical models of DR were developed for use in existing utility system simulation tools, and case studies on a rural and an urban distribution feeder were performed to assess the impacts of DR in various scenarios for those feeders.

Wind energy utilization in agriculture can provide a potentially significant savings in fuel oil consumption and ultimately a cost savings to the farmer. A knowledge of the wind characteristics within a region and at a location can contribute greatly to a more efficient and cost-effective use of this resource. Current research indicates that the important wind characteristics include mean annual wind speed and the frequency distribution of the wind, seasonal and diurnal variations in wind speed and direction, and the turbulent and gustiness characteristics of the wind. Further research is underway to provide a better definition of the total wind resource available, improved methods for siting WECS and an improved understanding of the environment to which the WECS respond.

Agricultural Carbon Mitigation in Europe Agricultural Carbon Mitigation in Europe Agricultural Carbon Mitigation in Europe Smith P, Powlson DS, Smith JU, Falloon P, and Coleman K. 2000. Meeting Europe's climate change commitments: Quantitative estimates of the potential for carbon mitigation by agriculture. Global Climate Change 6:525-539. Abstract Under the Kyoto Protocol, the European Union is committed to a reduction in CO2 emissions to 92% of baseline (1990) levels during the first commitment period (2008-2012). The Kyoto Protocol allows carbon emissions to be offset by demonstrable removal of carbon from the atmosphere. Thus, land-use / land-management change and forestry activities that are shown to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels can be included in the Kyoto targets. These activities include afforestation, reforestation and deforestation (article

Described are kits and methods useful for detection of seven agricultural pathogens (BPSV; BHV; BVD; FMDV; BTV; SVD; and VESV) in a sample. Genomic sequence information from 7 agricultural pathogens was analyzed to identify signature sequences, e.g., polynucleotide sequences useful for confirming the presence or absence of a pathogen in a sample. Primer and probe sets were designed and optimized for use in a PCR based, multiplexed Luminex assay to successfully identify the presence or absence of pathogens in a sample.

Described are kits and methods useful for detection of agricultural pathogens in a sample. Genomic sequence information from agricultural pathogens was analyzed to identify signature sequences, e.g., polynucleotide sequences useful for confirming the presence or absence of a pathogen in a sample. Primer and probe sets were designed and optimized for use in a PCR based, multiplexed Luminex assay and/or an array assay to successfully identify the presence or absence of pathogens in a sample.

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The purpose of this study was to ascertain the feasibility of utilizing wind energy to meet part of the energy demands related to pumping water and to generating electricity for the rural households in Thailand. The data for this study were divided into three different areas: (1) wind speed data, (2) the wind machine performance data, and (3) the rural energy demand data. The wind machine were divided into two categories of water-pumping windmills and electricity-generating wind machines. Three types of water pumping windmills and one type of electricity-generating wind machine were matched with the wind condition in Thailand. They were the multi-blade rotor, the sailwing rotor model (WE 002), the slow-speed sailwing rotor, and the Aerowatt model (1100 FP5G) respectively. It was concluded that, in Thailand: (1) the multiblade rotor and the sail-wing rotor (WE 002) windmill is suitable for pumping water for domestic use at 43 specified locations; (2) the slow-speed sailwing rotor windmill is suitable for pumping water for small irrigation at 32 specified locations; and (3) the Aerowatt model (1100 GP5G) is suitable for generating electricity for household use at 29 specified locations.

Goals for the biomass power for rural development include: expanded feedstock research and demonstration activities to provide soil-specific production costs and yield data, as well as better methods for harvest and transport; four thousand acres of feedstock available for fueling a commercial venture; comparison of the feasibility of gasification and cocombustion; designs for on-site switchgrass handling and feeding system; a detailed assessment of utilizing switchgrass for gasification and cocombustion to generate electricity using turbines and fuel cells.

Rural communities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul developed on the basis of various ethenic origin, and distinctly took root in the regions of different topography. On the south and the west nearly half of the state is mainly flat land, where the inhabitants are racially heterogenous and live pricipally in small towns with large farm lands around. The rest of the state consists of high lands that gradually rise from the northwest to maximum 1200m altitude at the northeast. In the foothills, industrial base was developed by the German settelers, whereas the Italian immigrants settled on the hills. The hilly region is composed of small rural properties with area varying from 10 to 50 hectares. They are scattered all over the region, which make it economically unfeasable to distribute electricity from the main grid, due to high investment cost unlikely to be paid off by the energy consumption rate of the rural properietors. It could be verified from the fact that till to-date the local federation of the cooperatives of rural electrification achieved to supply electricity to only 15% of the total area and its future expansion is getting limited. This paper describes a pilot project initiated in the county 'Tres Coroa' of this region, that is being developed under the guidance of the energy group of the Federal University of RGS, coordinated with balanced technical, agronomical, economical and ecilogical activities to meet its energy demand, that could be supplied with the locally available resources. It is aimed in this project to provide the rural habitants adequate energy for a decent living i.e., electricity for lights, TV and small domestic appliances, thermal energy for hot water supply and fuel to run the agricultural machineries. In future, other nearby counties could follow this experiment with proper and adequate modifications to suite the need and the type of resources available there.

This report summarizes the integrated resource planning (IRP) practices of US rural electric cooperatives and the IRP policies which influence these practices. It was prepared by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and its subcontractor Garrick and Associates to assist the US Department of Energy (DOE) in satisfying the reporting requirements of Title 1, Subtitle B, Section 111(e)(3) of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (EPAct), which states: (e) Report--Not later than 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary (of the US Department of Energy) shall transmit a report to the President and to the Congress containing--(the findings from several surveys and evaluations, including:); (3) a survey of practices and policies under which electric cooperatives prepare IRPs, submit such plans to REA, and the extent to which such integrated resource planning is reflected in rates charged to customers.

Many utilities are initiating business plans that enable them to play a more integral role in the solar power value chain. This report summarizes research completed to identify and track utility solar business models (USBMs) in the United States. EPRI and the Solar Electric Power Association (SEPA) are conducting an ongoing joint research effort to evaluate the expanding range of utility activities in acquiring solar energy, including photovoltaic (PV) asset ownership. Throughout 2011, USBMs have been ca...

Utilities must restore power to storm-damaged transmission and distribution systems, even if it means going out in ice storms or during lightning and hurricane conditions. Weather forecasting helps utilities plan for possible damage as well as alerting them to long-term trends. Storm planning includes having trained repair personnel available and adjusting the system so that less power imports are needed. Storm damage response requires teamwork and cooperation between utilities. Utilities can strengthen equipment in storm-prone or vulnerable areas, but good data are necessary to document the incidence of lighning strikes, hurricanes, etc. 2 references, 8 figures.

Sample records for agriculture rural utilities from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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that this trend will continue, especially if the prices for fossil fuels continue to increase. Other direct, and Pennsylvania Counties Cooperating Biomass Energy Dennis E. Buffington, Professor, Agricultural and Biological iomass energy is energy derived from organic matter of recent biological origin. Common forms of biomass

Designing for the developing world presents unique challenges. Establishing rapport with local partners is important to overcome contextual unfamiliarity and ensure the relevance of proposed solutions. In this paper, we discuss our experiences designing ... Keywords: ICT, design practices, rural development

The wind industry contributes to the economies of 46 states, and the outlook for regional economic growth from wind energy is heartening. Wind energy projects provide new jobs, a new source of revenue to farmers and ranchers, and an increased local tax base for rural communities. And wind energy is homegrown energy that helps secure our energy future during uncertain times while reducing pollution emissions and preserving our precious water resources. In fact, achieving the goals of the U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America initiative during the next 20 years will create$60 billion in capital investment in rural America, provide$1.2 billion in new income for farmers and rural landowners, and create 80,000 new jobs. Wind energy is the fastest-growing energy source in the world, and rural communities are poised to reap the benefits. This brochure provides rural stakeholders with information about wind energy projects and rural economic development, including case studies an d resources for those interested in bringing wind energy to their communities.

The purpose of this thesis is to show that Protestant rural churches can be batter churches by combining religious and sociological planning with proper architectural planning. Architectural planning as presented in this thesis is a technique by which the needs and requirements or the proposed new rural church nay be translated into workable architectural drawings. Part of this technique is an analysis of building requirements and is called "Programming". Programming is not a complete answer to all the problems of the rural church nor will it always result in a perfect church building, but it can be a vary important tool by which a more functional and batter integrated building can be planned. This thesis will also attempt to clarify the role of the architect in the architectural planning of the rural church. An architect is a specially trained person and his services should be of use to rural as well as urban churches. It is not intended that this thesis give specific or detailed solutions to architectural planning, because each new church will present individual problems find conditions which belong solely to that church, its particular location and its denomination. The intent or this thesis is to help clarify the approach to architectural planning and to make programming easier for rural people.