Russia was considered as a difficult country to rule during the nineteenth century as there was such diversity in cultures for instance, only 40% of the population was made up of Russians. The rest of the population were other nationalities, this made it a problem as the Tsar insisted on russification which meant other cultures had to leave their traditions behind and speak and act like a Russian person. Not a lot of people were happy to go through russification without a fight which made it difficult for the Tsar to run alone. Not only the size of the population but also the size of the country made it difficult to rule as Russia was so huge, to keep under control and run a country that size alone was almost impossible. During the nineteenth century the population was the majority illiterate which meant that they couldn’t get jobs other than farming, this took a toll on the economy as most farmers only produced enough food for them and their family to eat meaning there was no surplus to sell or export. Ruling Russia during this time was also difficult because there were natural resources in the country that they couldn’t exploit as they didn’t have the technology or weren’t advanced enough to do so, proving difficult to find anything other than grain to export and earn capital. Although Russia needed modernising to help the economy the Tsar didn’t want peasants to be introduced to new reforms such as other western countries which had a democracy as he felt it would threaten his position; this led to Russia being backward for a long period of time and the population being ignorant and uneducated. This meant the population of the working class was only 4% and freedom of speech was censored proving difficult to keep under control. The fact that Russia was run by autocracy made it difficult to rule as it meant every decision had to be ran through him which could take a while and make people in Russia...

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...Russia in the 19thcentury was a time of many changes and rapidly becoming a socialist environment. Such changes led to an incredible surge in the appreciation and support of new music and art. These surges did not go by unnoticed of course. The writers, musicians, and artists of this time have become common household names all across the world. As a musician, I was familiar with Borodin, Mussogorsky and Tchaikovsky long before studying Russian history. The same applies to Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, and Tolstoy in the world of literature and poetry. These artists, no matter how they portrayed their message, all had in common that they were empowering the average citizen of Russia. As discussed in class, Tolstoy preached that happiness lies in the life of a common man, while artists like Ilja Repin captured even the most hidden of emotions in his artwork of common folk and historical figures alike, and all the while the “Mighty Five” composers shared the common theme that their music was mostly based on folk tunes. There is no doubt that Russia is nearing a time of great change, the revolutionaries are fighting for the peoples’ empowerment and the younger generation is being educated by the philosophies of Karl Marx in Germany to support these ideas.
The surge of art and the complete change in style, with respect to the Russian Icons, begins in the 18th century with Peter the Great. During his...

...A History of 19th and 20th CenturyRussia
A society's understanding of its history is crucial to a society's perception and definition of itself. During the 1980s the Soviet Union underwent a cultural revival, whereby the Russian people, prompted by Mikhail Gorbachev's invitation to glasnost (more openness), began critically re-examining Soviet and pre-revolutionary history. As the nation engaged in oral discussions and literary readings to study their past, they started to reassess the Soviet Union's theories and practices. Only through untainted assessments of their history could the Soviets truly grasp the present state of affairs in the 1980s.
IMPERIAL RUSSIA
At the opening of the nineteenth century, Russia was an imperial nation ruled by Tsar Alexander I (1801-1825). By this time, the Russian Tsars had achieved virtually autocratic rule over their nobles, who, in turn, enjoyed a sort of despotic relationship over their serfs. Alexander I made several domestic advancements but focused most heavily on foreign affairs, joining the fight against France's invading Napoleon in 1805 and helping to defeat him in 1814.
Though such victory strengthened Russia's international political role, at home the people faced an inefficient government and economic turmoil. When Nicholas I (1825-1855) succeeded his older brother Alexander I in 1825, he faced a public grieved by the peasants'...

...Rebecca Ducharme
Professor Estey
World History-HIS 271 A
22 February 2012
Asian Empires of the 19thCentury
During the rise of European Powers, in the times of the Industrial Revolution, the Asian Empires were quickly falling behind. Each nation in the Asian Empire had a strong and rigid internal focus and due to their refusal to adapt to the changing times each empire was lead to its decline. By the start of the nineteenth century the technological gap was increasingly clear. It was not until the rise of imperialism that this gap became an issue. As European Powers began to intrude on the boundaries of the Asian Empires they could not compete with the advanced weaponry and complex strategies of European military and naval forces. The intrusions weakened the empires and pushed them further down the slippery slope of decline. It is evident that the Asian Nations of the nineteenth century did everything in their power to keep hold of their declining empires however, the actions taken were not effective or successful enough to revitalize the nations to the great powers they once were. Three of the major Asian Empires analyzed will be the Ottoman, Russian and finally, the Chinese. Each of these nations faced similar struggles in some respects, but also quite different.
The Ottoman Empire spanned over much desirable land, during these imperialistic times many empires coveted the numerous nations under Ottoman rule....

...
In 19th and 20th century, British and French were the two of the most influential country in the world. At that time, Great Britain was the first colonial country in the world. They controlled the 1/3 lands of the world. France also was an industrialized nation with a large empire. They colonized lots of country and became the second colonial country. These two countries were all interested in Africa where have lots of oil, gold, diamond and plenty of good resources for them to exploit. They were all colonized in African but used different way to control and manage their colonies. Britain used “Indirect Rule” to control their colonies, and France used “Direct Rule” to control their colonies.
Great Britain was a huge empire. Their industry technology was the best in the world. They had strong navy and they used to conquer about 1/3 of the world. During nineteen century, Britain was interested on the recourse where in the Africa. British occupied Egypt at first, and then they also took over the Sudan. And more and more country controlled by British. British used a way called “Indirect rule” to colonize their colonies. British government encouraged African farmers to grow cash crops, and they also built railroad system (Goff 48). Their acts made African’s economy developed faster and faster. Because of the absence of a British immigrant, African gained more opportunities to get jobs. African demanded that they wanted to get...

...19thcentury: period of growing consciousness, restlessness which promulgated the formation of two major movements
 Propaganda Movement (failed)
 Revolutionary Movement (replaces the PM)
Leaders:
 Jose Rizal
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar
 Lopez Jaena
Members:
 Pedro Paterno
 Ponce
 Panganiban
 Antonio Luna
*They worked for the Philippines’ assimilation as a Spanish province and equal treatment of the Filipinos as for the Spaniards
*Writings in this period cannot be called literature except for the novels and poems of Rizal.
*The writings were a big part in developing sense of nationhood among the Filipinos
*Propaganda literature was centered on the writings of Rizal
*He and Paterno changed the concept of “Filipino” to Spanish mestizos, Chinese mestizos, and Hispanized Indios
Sampaguitas
- Poems by Paterno in the 1880a
- Beginning of national consciousness
- Ninay – first novel (enlisted in nationality)
Diariong Tagalog
- Bulk of Filipino writings
- Spanish-Tagalog newspaper which publication signaled the open campaign for reforms
Essays
- Developed during the campaign for reforms in the last quarter of the 19thcentury
- Provided impetus by PM
La Solidaridad
- 1889 was the official mouthpiece of the Reform Movement
- Essays in this paper became P-S literature’s significant contribution to Philippine literature
 Su Excelencia, Senor Don Vicente Barrantes (Rizal) – humor...

...Year 11 2013 – Mark- 19.5/20
Karabar Distance Education Unit
COPYRIGHT
Explain why it was so difficult for revolutionary movements in the 19thcentury to succeed.
During the 19thcentury numerous revolutionary groups attempted to overthrow the tsarist regime. Beginning in 1825 with the Decembrist revolt, revolutionary groups established to make fundamental changes to the political, social and economic structures ofRussia. However, with the oppressive autocratic system, rough climate, social development, accessible methods and weaknesses, it was exceedingly difficult for revolutionary movements to succeed.
Walking down the corridors I again ask myself why life is so cruel towards some. A man, no younger nor older than myself trapped, hospitalised for the final months of his life. He had his whole life ahead of him, a budding football star and small-town musician with a loveable personality and smiling eyes. Whilst talking with many of the town’s residents eagerly awaiting updates on his condition, they began with anecdotal experiences they had of Jacob. A member of his football team quoted “You can only fail as many times as you do not attempt.” I stopped dead in my tracks before turning and sprinting back towards the hospital room. Ignoring the incredulous looks from those around me I barge into his room and repeat the inspirational words I had heard not five minutes previously. “What...

...Russian History (pre 19thcentury) - NOTES!!
Before the 18th century, Russia was considered a part of Europe only by courtesy. Hemmed in by Sweden (on the Baltic Sea) and the Ottoman Empire (on the Black Sea), the country had no warm water ports. Also, there was very little trade with the bordering countries.
Aside from the physical separation, Russia was separated by the customs and the cultural differences that it had to the rest of the world.
During the 18th century, the Russian Empire became political power. This was due to Peter I (Peter the Great) because of his accomplishments forced the West to take notice of his nation.
Peter The Great
When Peter I came into power in 1689, he had two basic goals for his country:
• Modernize his country in the western fashion.
• Gain warm water ports to access to the west, thus, bringing more trade, recognition, and respect by the other European powers.
Dealing with the West
Peter set out his plans by sending a grand embassy to the European powers in 1697 to enlist their help against Turkey. He went along too, pretending to be a ship's carpenter, and worked in English and Dutch shipyards. He studied everything from anatomy and engraving to European industrial techniques in order to gain as much information as possible.
He was determined to give Russia an outlet to the sea, both on the Baltic Sea and Caspian Sea....

...Early in the 20th Century, Russia began a continued process of expansionism that relied on its military, economic, and political superiority to conquer Korea and Manchuria. Hoping to establish a warm water seaport and further increase the land needed for the Trans-Siberian railroad, Russia moved its army and navy further east.[1] This growth did not go unnoticed. Russian expansionism was met with resistance by the smaller world power of Japan. The Japanese saw Russia territorial conquests as encroaching on their sphere of influence and believed it necessary to take preventive measures against such a power.[2] Japan was originally believed to be of no imminent threat by Vise Admiral Alexeieff as well as the majority of Russian population. Japan soon proved to be a formidable force at the Battle of Port Arthur and eventually won the war against the Russians. This was accomplished because of Japanese popular support, economic superiority, and better military strategic planning. This was far different from Russia where the economy was faltering, the people were rebelling against the tsarist regime, and the military was overconfident. Japan’s surprise attack took advantage of Russian military arrogance, allowing a smaller army to overpower the powerful tsarist controlled army of Russia.
In 1903, Japanese Minister Kirino contacted Czar Nicholas 2 to try and stop Russian expansion in East Asia...