1395 King Sigismund of Hungary sends emissaries to various European powers to request help to defend his borders against Ottoman Turks. Bajazet, Ottoman sultan, had boasted that he would drive through Hungary, into Italy, and turn St. Peters Cathedral into a stable for his horses.

In early 1320s, a Lithuanian army led by Gediminas defeated a Slavic army led by Stanislav of Kiev at Battle on Irpen River, and conquered city. Tatars, who also claimed Kiev, retaliated in 1324–1325, so while Kiev was ruled by a Lithuanian prince, it had to pay a tribute to Golden Horde. Finally, as a result of Battle of Blue Waters in 1362, Kiev and surrounding areas were incorporated into Grand Duchy of Lithuania by Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania.

1410Battle of Grunwald was decisive battle of Polish Lithuanian Teutonic War leading to downfall of Teutonic Knights.

Stephen 3 of Moldavia, also known as Stephen Great, ruler of Moldavia, national hero of Romanians for long resistance to Ottomans (1437 - 1504)

1078 Oleg 1 of Chernigov is defeated in battle by his brother Vsevolod I of Kiev; Oleg escaped to Tmutarakan, but was imprisoned by Khazars, sent to Constantinople as a prisoner, and then exiled to Rhodes.