lecture notes 5-8.docx

family and socialization 2/12/2013 4:09:00 PM
Slide 3
 Classic study by American sociologist William Goode
 Examines the relationship between changing family patterns and
industrialization
 Shows similar patterns of change around the world over the past 100
years
Slide 4
Self-sustaining unit of production and consumption: Supports itself by itself,
live together, eat together
Parents-children: as long as parents have no controls of access to economics
over the children, children can choose to live the life they want
Husband-wife: more equal
Divorce, contraception, etc. were available but at present, it is cultural
acceptable, part of normal life
Slide 5
It is easier to move with less people in the family.
Slide 6
Families, no matter what form or definition, share expected social processes:
1. dependency and intimacy (more likely to expose your emotion and
vulnerability)
family members are attached and dependent on one another
2. regulated sexuality
a. spouses expect to have a long term, exclusive sexual relationship
b. sex is forbidden between parents and children, or between siblings (or
outside of family)
Slide 9
 cohesive – members have strong identification with the family as a whole,
and with one another
 adaptable – members are most able to plan and make changes
some traits of these families
1. have open patterns of communication 2. use fair procedures to resolve conflicts (fair: everyone is listened to
and respected)
3. use fair, even democratic processes for setting goals (democratic:
equal)
4. family culture and ritual ties everyone together
Slide 12
 obey social rules (foundation to social life)
 complete school
 earn a living
 sustain close relations
 raise children themselves
slide 13
Mead
extra
 the “Me” is what is learned in interaction with others and the environment
 other people’s attitudes, internalized in the self, constitute the Me
slide 14
extra
 this produces gender differences throughout life
slide 15
as part of the school’s hidden curriculum, children are supposed to learn
punctuality, conformity, and obedience
slide 18
direct socialization: the intended result of :
modeling and imitation
rewards for good behavior
punishments for bad behavior
indirect or reactive socialization: the unintended result of:
abuse or neglect
excessive punishment
inconsistent parenting parentification
slide 21
*cut
slide 24
research shows that the most effective parenting strategy is authoritative,
based on high demands and high responsiveness
may work differently in non-western societies
slide 25
extra
no other people perform as wide a variety of roles for the child
slide 27
e.g., the main influence families exercise over their children’s drug use is
through family control over peer associations
slide 33
*skipped
slide 35
externalize problems: get into problems
slide 36
higher levels of parental warmth produce fewer externalizing problems
high levels of parental punishment produce more externalizing problems
slide 39
*cut
slide 42
 Theodor Adorno et al.
 Study’s purpose was to discover the roots of prejudice and anti-Semitism
 Measured “authoritarianism” with a new F-scale (F for fascism)  Authors conclude that racism and anti-Semitism are associated with
fascist tendencies
Slide 45
Adult authoritarianism is a result of parenting that:
 Demanded unquestioned obedience
 Provided limited affection and respect
 Forced the child to
- Displace his/her anger on to “safe” targets – e.g., vulnerable people, or
- Sublimate his/her anger in fantasy objects or pointless, repetitive
behavior (ritual, convention )
Slide 48
We interviewed 200 adults, 150 of them with a gambling problem
- 45 minute self-administered survey
- 1 hour open-ended interview
even in the absence of direct socialization…
gambling addiction results from the combination of
- childhood trauma
- adult stress
- poor adult coping Schools and Education 2/12/2013 4:09:00 PM
Guest lecture
Parsons on Education
they are no longer individuals but rather a part of the group
they have to judge and be judged based on the social performance
socialization
positive sanctions not only come as short-term rewards but also as long-
term rewards.
Negative sanctions usually come immediately.
Socialization and hypothetical situation
The core value for Parsons is to teach people how to respect authority
Selection
School means to channel students into different capacity groups.
Back to our lecture (yay! ^o^)
Slide 2
Schools mean to sort out people as they demonstrate their merits and
achieve the rewards they deserve
Slide 3
 the process works by awarding credentials to deserving candidates
 the advantaged few gain valuable credentials: tickets of entry into top
occupational groups
 these powerful groups (e.g., MDs) limit entry and demand high payment
for their services
as a profession nowadays, doctor is considered smart and educated and
doctors can demand more from the society.
Slide 4
compared to getting money with a gun, a MD degree makes it look social
definable and legitimate to get money. slide 6
 access to the best (i.e., most valuable) credentials is unequal
 in particular, students from better-off families are more likely to attend
university
- this has persisted for the last 35 years
 therefore, class position continues to pass down form one generation to
the next (a class-based process not a education-based process)
slide 7
in university students are treated fairly, but the entry to the universities is
not fair to poorer people. Also, some students are discouraged to go to
universities or to choose certain programs and career paths.
slide 9
 in 2011, post-secondary education attained by women aged 25-44 was
twice as high as that of women aged 65+
 this contributed to the gender equalization of Canadian society
Slide 12
Since (at least) 1992, the unemployment rates of people with a college
degree have remained lower than for anyone else
Slide 13
Gender segregation: female-dominated jobs in general are paid less.
Slide 15
 top North American universities aim to train researchers and produce
research findings
 undergraduate teaching is a (minor) aspect of this process
- student satisfaction and student employment are minor concerns
 this is reflected in the way University of Toronto measures its success, in
its own eyes
Slide 30
 James S. Coleman - Influential and rigorous sociologist in the field of education and public
policy
- Taught at University of Chicago and John Hopkins University
 The Adolescent Society (1961)
 Examined the socialization that takes place in school and its
consequences
Slide 36
 Like prisoners or factory workers, students develop a collective response
to demands by people in authority
 They hold down their effort to a level everyone can achieve
 Like workers, students enforce work-restricting norms using ridicule,
kidding and exclusion from the group
Slide 39
Seeley’s goal:
 To understand the culture of the child, his values, his goals in life and his
problems
 Studied the strains and conflicts at home and school
 To parents in CH, the child is a problem to be solved, like other problems
in the managerial world
Slide 42
 The school is the most important institution in the community
- The authority on child-raising and the main place where children can
demonstrate perfection
 Parents turn their children over to the school and associated institution
like camp, hoping to get them back more mature
 Concern with schooling also makes the parent-teacher association CH’s
most significant voluntary association
Slide 45
 North American middle-class parents and immigrant parents continue to
drum into their children strong needs fro achievement
 Develop anxiety about obtaining go