1014 The sun and moon and other stars gave sad signs; seen from
Europe.

1114 Gherardo of Cremona born; translated the Almagest and the
Toletan Tables into Latin.

Bhaskara born; a Hindu astronomer; believed in a spherical earth.

The astronomical hydraulic clock tower built by Su Sung in China
destroyed by barbarians.

1214 Roger Bacon born; an English philosopher; wrote on the theory
and construction of the telescope.

1514 George Joachim (Rheticus) born; a student and disciple of
Copernicus; wrote Naratio Prima (First Account) of tl Copernican system.

Erasmus Flock born; a German astronomer and mathematician; wrote on
comets.

1614 John Wilkins born; Bishop of Chester; wrote Discourse
concerning a New Planet, tending to prove that it is probable our Earth
is one of the planets.

Marcus Welser died; a German scholar; a friend of Galileo who wrote
on astronomy.

Mundus Jovialis anno 1609 detectus ope perspicilli Belgici by Simon
Marius, February, containing his research on Jupiter in which he claimed
to have seen Jupiter's moons as early as late November 1609.

Christopher Scheiner produced a map of the Moon and drew Saturn as
a planet with two handle-like extensions.

1714 Giovanni Battista Audiffredi born; an Italian Dominican
astronomer; built a small observatory at the top of the Monastery of
Santa Maria sopra Minerva; wrote on astronomy.

Cesar Francois Cassini de Thury born; a French astronomer, grandson
of Jean-Dominique Cassini; appointed Director of the Paris Observatory
in 1771; undertook and completed a trigonometrical survey of France.

Walter Pope died on June 25; elected Gresham professor of astronomy
in 1660.

John Radcliffe died; bequeathed funds for the building of the
Radcliffe Observatory, Oxford.

William Romaine born; an English Evangelical Divine; appointed
professor of astronomy at Gresham College, London.

Alexander Wilson born; the first professor of practical astronomy
at Glasgow; in 1769 November he observed a very large sunspot and
proposed that sunspots are cavities in the luminous matter surrounding
the Sun.

Thomas Zebrowski born; a Lithuanian Jesuit mathematician and
astronomer; designed an observatory on the roof of the university
building in Vilnius; observed the Moon and the satellites of Jupiter.

M13, globular cluster in Hercules, discovered by Edmund Halley.

An Act of Parliamentfor Providing a Publick Reward for Such Person
or Persons as shall discover Longitude at Sea received the Royal Assent
of Queen Anne.

1814 Anders Jonas Angstrom born; a Swedish physicist; studied the
solar spectrum; discovered hydrogen in the Sun in 1862 and was the first
person to investigate the spectrum of the aurora borealis.

Gaetano Cacciatore born; a Sicilian astronomer; in 1860 appointed
Director of the Palermo Observatory; wrote on astronomy.

William Fishburn Donkin born; Savilian professor of astronomy at
Oxford 1842-'69; wrote The Secular Acceleration of the Moon's
Mean Motion, 1861.

David Gill died; a Scottish astronomer; assistant at the Dun Echt
observatory; appointed Her Majesty's Astronomer at the Cape of Good
Hope in 1879; studied the parallax of stars in the southern hemisphere.

Takeo Hatanaka born; professor of astrophysics at Tokyo University
and a staff member of the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory; studied
planetary nebulae, the solar atmosphere, stellar evolution, and radio
astronomy.

George William Hill died; an American mathematician and astronomer;
worked on celestial mechanics; worked at the Nautical Almanac Office,
Cambridge, Massachusetts.

William Albert Hiltner born; Director of the Yerkes Observatory;
Director of the University of Michigan's observatory; discovered
the interstellar polarisation of starlight.

Edward Singleton Holden died; an American astronomer; director of
the Washburn Observatory of the University of Wisconsin; first director
of the Lick Observatory; founder of the Astronomical Society of the
Pacific.

Hermann Joseph Klein died; a German selenographer; built a private
observatory in Cologne.

Zdenek Kopal born; a Czech-born astronomer; chairman of the
astronomy department of Victoria University, Manchester; an authority on
eclipsing variables, the terrestrial planets and the Moon.

James Alfred Van Allen born; an American space scientist at the
University of Iowa; instrumental in establishing the field of
magnetospheric research in space.

Mary Helen Wright Greuter born; an American historian of astronomy;
worked as an assistant at Vassar astronomy department; worked at Mount
Wilson, the United States Naval Observatory and the Maria Mitchell
Observatory.

Yakov Borisovich Zel'dovich born; a Soviet astrophysicist;
constructed a theory of the structure of supermassive stars and compact
stellar systems.

Sinope (Jupiter IX) discovered by Seth Barnes Nicholson on
photographs taken with the 36-inch Crossley reflector of the Lick
Observatory.

A transit of Mercury on November 6.

An occultation of Jupiter I by Jupiter II observed by Fauth on
October 12.

Walter Sydney Adams & Ernst Arnold Kohlschutter discovered the
existence of small but significant differences between the spectra of
giant and dwarf stars of the same spectral class.

A 15kg iron meteorite fell on October 13 at Appley Bridge, Wigan,
Lancashire.

During World War 1, near the Polish village of Morasko, an iron
meteorite was discovered half a metre underground; the Polish government
declared the region of the Morasko meteorite fall to be a natural
sanctuary.