Bird-watching in Trinidad

The island is blessed with nearly 500 recorded species — among the top 10 countries in the world for number of species per square mile. Peak birding season is November–May, but there’s lots to see year-round. Ornithologists flock here because of the diversity and accessibility to the birds. You can stay on the road and easily record 60 species on a single outing. Here’s where you’ll want to head for the best bird-watching

A birder’s guide to Trinidad

Hollis Dam

The Arima–Blanchisseuse Road

Winding over Trinidad’s Northern Range from Arima to the north coast, spot channel-billed toucan, trogons(white-tailed, violaceous and collared), tanagers and honeycreepers (purple), and hummingbirds.

The Heights of Aripo

Three or four valleys east of the Arima–Blanchisseuse Road, leading to the highest point on the island (ElCerro del Aripo) is where you will find the blue-headed parrot, the grey-headed kite and the squirrel cuckoo, and rare visiting warblers such as the bay-breasted, black-throated blue, and blackpoll warblers.

Asa Wright Nature Centre

This 1,500-acre bird sanctuary in the Arima Valley is one of the first nature centres to be set up in the Caribbean, offering a chance to see dozens of hummingbirds, tanagers, honeycreepers, and bananaquits feeding up close. The main centre and guesthouse are located on a former cocoa-coffee-citrus plantation. Trails through the rainforest bring you close to all sorts of wildlife, from trapdoor spiders and woodpeckers to blue emperor (morpho) butterflies.

Open 9am–5pm for day visits, with guided walks 10:30am–1:30pm. There are numerous waterfalls and caves nearby, and an overnight stay gives you the chance to see rare oil birds. Reservations required (667-4655, asawright.org), as is advance booking for accommodation (main house and cottages)

Lunch options: buffet in the dining room or a sandwich menu on the verandah. The long dry season (January–May) is when the most striking vegetation is in bloom, as well as in the shorter dry season again in October

Entrance fee for non-residents of T&T: adults US$10; children 12 years and under US$6. Residents: adults TT$30; children TT$15.

Yerette, Home of the Hummingbird

For a more intimate experience of the hummingbird, spend a couple of hours at the home of Theo and Gloria Ferguson in Maracas, St Joseph. Their garden has a spectacular view of the Northern Range. Sit on the porch and enjoy juices, meals and pastries for breakfast, lunch or afternoon tea alongside purple honeycreepers and hummingbirds. Dozens of hummingbirds flit by, some a few inches away, as they sip from dozens of feeders and flowers. Theo is a knowledgeable host, with a collection of photos for sale, and a slide show about the tiny acrobats. 663-2623, yerettett.com

Pointe-à-Pierre Wildfowl Trust

This is an oasis of ponds surrounded by green forest, set within the sprawling grounds of an oil refinery complex. Home to rare ducks, water lilies and lotus blossoms, cormorants, caimans, parakeets and peacocks, researchers and birders can learn about efforts to re-introduce endangered wetland birds to their natural habitat. Small boats take you out on the two ponds, where you can photograph the whistling tree duck, kiskidee, purple gallinule, scarlet ibis, blue and gold macaw, wild muscovy duck, green heron, yellow-hooded blackbird, pied water tyrant, cardinal, ringed kingfisher, black skimmer, grey hawk, and the snakebird (or anhinga). A boardwalk along the first pond can be accessed by wheelchairs and baby strollers. An on-site learning centre houses a small Amerindian museum, and there is a full-service guesthouse with areas for retreats, corporate workshops and seminars. Advance bookings required. 658-4200 ext 2512, papwildfowltrust.org

Ducks in the lake at the Pointe-à-Pierre Wildfowl Trust. Photo courtesy the Pointe-à-Pierre Wildfowl Trust

Bush Bush Sanctuary and Nariva Swamp

Turn off the Manzanilla main road at Kernahan Trace and within 15 minutes be in full-on swampland, complete with capuchin and red howler monkeys, blue and gold macaws, and toucans. Bush Bush is a protected island within the largest freshwater wetland in the Caribbean, which means lots of mosquitoes in the rainy season, so repellent is a must (plus long pants and light colours). Boating and kayaking are only possible in the rainy season. It’s imperative to go with a tour guide who will arrange permits from the Forestry Department (being without a permit in the reserve is punishable by a fine).

Kayaking in Nariva swamp. Photo by Stephen Broadbridge

Caroni Bird Sanctuary

At the top of every birder’s list is the Caroni Swamp: the protected breeding grounds of the national bird, the scarlet ibis. Located a few miles outside of Port of Spain and just west of the airport, the swamp can be seen on the final approach before landing. Just off the highway you will find the boats parked up and waiting. Most leave at 4pm. Within minutes the sound of cars fades and you enter the eerie silence of the swamp. Mangrove channels create a dramatic backdrop for the 100 species of birds that make their home here alongside snakes (boas) in trees, crabs and snails. Species spotted include the straight-billed woodcreeper, red cap mask cardinal, juvenile night heron, pigmy kingfisher, tropical screech, common potoo, flamingo, osprey, great grey heron, and the great egret. At dusk the sky is filled with streaks of red as hundreds of scarlet ibis return to roost in trees on an island in the middle of the swamp. For the serious birder, a private tour can be arranged with a reputable tour guide.

Young scarlet ibis (distinguished by the dark feathers among the red ones) feed on the Caroni Swamp mudflats. Photo by Chris Anderson

Bonus: crested oropendola nests

Just about everywhere you go, you will see up in the branches of tall trees the hanging nests of the crested oropendola (or cornbird). These architectural wonders are painstakingly woven with vines and banana fibers. The nests can be three to six feet long. The birds live in colonies, so you may see more than a dozen of these nests in one tree. The female takes 9–11 days to make her nest. The male will watch her work, and if he doesn’t like what he sees, he tears it apart so she has to start over again…

Thanks to a collaboration with the Cincinnati Zoo in Ohio, dozens of blue and gold macaws have been re-introduced into the Bush Bush Wildlife Sanctuary in the Nariva Swamp. Photograph by Giancarlo Lalsingh

Like a quiet cathedral, the Caroni Bird Sanctuary is a protected haven for egrets and other swamp birds. Photograph by Robert Ramkissoon

Trinidad’s Amerindian name is Iere, which means ‘Land of the Hummingbird’. Seventeen species of this amazing little acrobat can be found here, including the Copper-rumped hummingbird. Courtesy Theo Ferguson of Yerette

An oilbird chick emerges from its shell as its mother looks on. A protected colony of 200 pairs of this rarely seen nocturnal bird can be found at Asa Wright Nature Centre. Photograph by Harold Diaz

Flamingoes frolic at the Emperor Valley Zoo, which was named after the Blue Emperor butterfly. Photograph by MEP Publishers

Purple reigns: Birders adore the stunning plumage of the purple honeycreeper, which often comes to perch on the porch at Yerette.

The tufted coquette hummingbird is one of the 430 species of birds found here. Courtesy Theo Ferguson of Yerette.

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