A verbal sentence الْجُمْلَةُ الْفِعْلِيَّةُis a sentence that starts with the verb and the subject follows. The subject can be a noun, a pronoun, a demonstrative, or a relative clause.

The defining property of a verbal sentence is that the verb precedes the subject. There are more than one possibility for verbal sentences in the presence of an object, an adverb, a prepositional phrase, etc.

Practice every new word in complete verbal sentences in three types of phrases as follows (to be continued):

New Arabic Words for Beginner

You may start learning Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) from zero, you would better read and memorize some daily basic Arabic expression.How to Add New Words for Advanced Learner

You may add new words by reading regularly some Arabic news written by the native speakers. Some good websites are as follows:

aljazeera.net
alarabiya.net

Basic Arabic Grammar

For those English speaker who do not know the basic grammar of Arabic, you must learn it first. And the best book for this is Kitab Al-Ajurumiyah written by Muhammad bin Muhammad bin Ajurum, hence the book title. Fortunately, Shaikh Hamza Yusuf has translated it into English with good explanation for English speaker whhich I post it here.

Speech must have utterance: it must be compounded by and it must be meaningful in its sintactical sequence[1]. It consists of only three parts: the noun (إسم), the verb (فعل), and the particle (حرف) which has signification. The noun is known as khafd, by tanwin, and by the addition of the article of definition. The particles of khafd are as follows: min مِنْ, ila إِلَى, an عْن, ala عَلَى, fi فِي, rubba رَّب, ba الْباءُ, kaf الْكَافُ, lam اللَّامُ,

The verb is know by sin السِّينِ, sawfa سْوفَ, qad قَدْ, and the quiescent (ت) of the feminine gender (َتَاءِ اَلتَّأِْنيثِاَلَّساكِنةَ).

The particle (الحرف) is which neither the sings for the noun nor the verb applies.

______

[1] Bilwada’ also means that speech must be made up of words that are used by the Arabs for their respective meanings. The first meaning is the one chosen by Murabit Al-Hajj in Dalil at-Tullab; the second is preferred by Kafrawi in his commentary on the Ajrumiyya.

CHAPTER 2: INFLECTION AND ITS PART

Inflection (الأعراب) is the change of the last syllable of words based on the various agents of inflection that govern them either explicitly or implicitly. The parts of inflections are only four: raf’, nasb, khafd, and jazm. Of these the first three belong to nouns without any jazm. Raf’, nasb, and jazm are peculiar to verbs (which have no khafd).

CHAPTER 3: KNOWLEDGE OF THE SIGNS OF INFLECTION

Raf’ has four signs:

1. Dammah (ضمة)
2. Waw (واو)
3. Alif (ألف)
4. Nun (نون)

Dammah is the sign of raf’ in four instances:

1. The singular noun (الإسم المفرد)
2. The broken plural (جمع التكسير)
3. The sound feminine plural (جمع المؤنث السالم)
4. The verb in the imperfect free of agents and having nothing at its termination [such as the feminin nun or the nun of confirmation). (الفعل المضارع)

As for waw, it is a sign of the raf’ in two instances only:

1. In the sound masculine plural (جمع المذكر السالم)
2. In the five names (الأسماء الخمسة)

ِAs for the alif it is a sign of raf’ only in dual.

The nun is a sign of raf’ in the imperfect verb if it is succeeded by pronoun of the dual, or the pronoun of the plural or the pronound of the second person feminine:

1. In the five nouns (الأسماء الخمسة)
2. In the dual (التثنية)
3. In the plural (الجمع)

As for the fathah, it is a sign of khafd in a noun that is not fully declinable.

Jazm has two signs it is known by:

1. Sukun (سكون)
2. Omission (حذف)

As for sukun, it is a sign of jazm in the imperfect verbs whose ending is regular. Omission is a sign of the jazm in verbs whose ending is irregular and in the five names whose sign of raf’ is determined by nun.

CHAPTER 4: INFLECTED WORDS

Inflected words are of two types: those that are inflected with vowel markings and those inflected with letters.

As for those words that are inflectd with vowel markings, they are of four types:

All of these are signified in the raf’ by dammah, the nasb by fathah, the khafd by kasrah, and the jazm by sukun. To these there are three exceptions:

1. The sound feminine plural, which in nasb has kasrah.
2. The nound that is not decliend, which in khafd has fathah.
3. The verb in the imperfect, irregular in the last syllable, which is jazmated by the omission of the final syllable.

Example:
ضَرَبَ – يَضْرِبُ – اِضْرِبْ
The perfect always has a fathah in the last syllable (unless it has the waw of plurality or a pronoun of rafa’ that has a vowel mark). The imperative is always with jazm. The imperfect verb is one that always commences with one of four letters that are contained in the technical word (أنَيْتُ). Moreover, it is always in rafa’ unless an agent of nasb or jazm precedes it. The agent of nasb are ten. They are: