This project will quantify the magnitude and rate of surface subsidence in the vicinity of Brandy Lake, central KS along U.S. Highway 50. The project goal is to understand the mechanics, and ultimately the dynamics of sinkhole development. Surface subsidence in central KS is related to sinkhole development associated with natural processes, and in many cases, these include man-made activities. The cost of resurfacing a highway in areas of active subsidence can approach $1 million, and at the very least, result in a vehicular hazard by locally impairing a driver's vision as a vehicle passes across the subsiding area. The PI's will use an integrative approach that incorporates remote sensing, surface measurements using Real Time Kinematic - Global Positioning System (RTKGPS) technology, and high resolution subsurface seismic imaging to develop a process based geomodel for sinkhole development. The PI's novel approach of remote sensing and geodetic technology to guide seismic acquisition and drilling is a cost effective approach, which can be used to evaluate risk assessment for rapidly developing urban regions along the major transportation corridors of central Kansas.