EU LGBT Survey Idaho 2014 - Valletta

IDAHO 2014
Valletta
Dennis van der Veur
Contents:
1. Key findings presented in 2013
2. In-depth analysis
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Country patterns
Age
Experiences of trans*people
Role of openness and gender
expression
Positive measures !
3. Future research
2
The largest survey on the experiences of
LGBT persons’ human rights
• 28 EU Member States
• 93,079 respondents who
identify as LGBT
• On-line questionnaire in 27
languages
• Focus on experienced
discrimination, violence and
harassment
3
Key findings
a) Discrimination
47% felt generally
discriminated
against or harassed
19% felt discriminated
against at work
or looking for work
4
b) Bullying of schoolmates
Over 80% in
every EU
Member State
5
c) Hate crime and (non)reporting
26% had been
attacked
or threatened with
violence
Only 22% of most
serious incidents
reported to the
police
6
Violent attacks against women much more likely to have
been a sexual attack
7
Focus: Low level of reporting discrimination
Reporting discrimination incidents, LGBT groups (%)
Only 1 in 10 discriminatory
incident is reported
WHY?
• 59% think nothing would
happen or change
• 44% said it is not worth it
– ‘it happens all the time’
• 37% don’t want to reveal
sexual orientation
0
EU LGBT Average
Lesbian women
Gay men
Bisexual women
Bisexual men
Transgender
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
10
8
11
6
11
15
8
Focus: Reporting hate-motivated violence
Only 1 in 5 most serious
incident of hate-motivated
violence is reported
Most serious incident of hate-motivated violence reported to the
police, by LGBT group (%)
0
EU LGBT average
Reasons:
• 50% - Did not think they
would do anything
• 38% - Too minor/not
serious enough/never
occurred to me
• 37% - Did not think they
could do anything
Lesbian women
Gay men
Bisexual women
Bisexual men
Transgender
20
40
60
80
100
22
19
23
15
18
24
9
d) Fear of holding hands in public
66% of respondents
in all Member States
75% of gay and
bisexual men
10
Respondents who avoid holding hands in public with a same-sex partner for fear of
being assaulted, threatened or harassed because of being LGBT, %
100
90
80
70
64
60
50
45
49
56 56
51 52 53 54
69 70 70
76
73 74 74
77 78 78
81 81 83 83 83
87 89 89
78
74
66
58
57
51
52
40
30
20
10
Lesbian women
Gay men
Bisexual women
Bisexual men
Transgender
Spain
Denmark
Germany
Finland
Czech Republic
Sweden
Netherlands
Austria
Luxembourg
Belgium
Malta
United Kingdom
France
Portugal
Greece
Italy
Estonia
Ireland
Slovenia
Slovakia
Latvia
Hungary
Poland
Bulgaria
Lithuania
Romania
Cyprus
Croatia
EU LGBT average
0
Question: E1. Do you avoid holding hands in public with a same-sex partner for fear of being assaulted, threatened of harassed?
Base: those not saying ’I do not have a same-sex partner’
11
In-depth analysis of the results
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Country patterns
Age
Experiences of Trans*people
Role of openness and gender expression
Positive measures !
12
1) Country patterns: a diverse picture
Clear country level differences: more inclusive
countries, less hate crime / discrimination
However, in all countries negative experiences at
school and high levels underreporting
13
Country patterns
Survey data
Member States
• Less likely to be victim of violence,
harassment or discrimination
• Less widespread negative attitudes
towards LGBT persons
• Less likely to avoid certain venues out
of fear to be assaulted, harassed or
threatened
Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands,
Spain, Sweden
• More likely to be victim of violence,
harassment or discrimination
• More widespread negative attitudes
towards LGBT persons
• More likely to avoid certain venues out
of fear to be assaulted or harassed
Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
Romania
14
2) The role of ‘age’
•
•
•
LGBT respondents aged 18-24 are less open about their
sexual orientation or gender identity
Most likely to say they avoided being open at home
57% reported to have been discriminated against or
harassed
(27% for age group 55 year and older)
Young LGBT people are 3 times
more likely to be victims of violence
or to be threatened as LGBT people
over 55.
15
3) Transgender people
• Highest levels of
discrimination, harassment
and violence experienced by
the different LGBT groups
• In all Member States
trans*people feel that
discrimination is widespread
(in 19 out of 28 Member
States – very widespread)
16
4) Role of openness and gender expression
Openly LGB respondents are
more positive than those who
hide their sexual orientation
However, even when openly LGB, respondents
still tend to avoid holding hands in public or avoid
some places for fear of violence
•BUT: does not apply to trans* persons !
17
18
“ People are discriminated against more because of
their appearance than because of their sexual
orientation – women who look very masculine or men
who look very feminine get the short end of the stick
whether they are gay or not “
(Malta, lesbian, 36 years old)
19
Gender expression
Hate-motivated violence by
gender expression and LGBT
group (%)
0
7/10 of lesbian/
bisexual women
negative reactions
‘too masculine’
6/10 of gay men
negative reactions
‘too feminine’
20
LGBT respondents average
5
Lesbian women
5
Gay men
6
Bisexual women
3
4
Bisexual men
5
Transgender
5
40
60
80
100
10
8
12
10
Gender expression
(look) match the
biological sex
Biological sex and
gender expression (look)
do not match
11
Those whose gender expression
different than socially expected –
twice as likely to experience violence
20
5) Positive measures
EU average: 56% of respondents is aware of a
law forbidding discrimination on grounds of
sexual orientation when applying for a job
21
Awareness of law that forbids discrimination against persons because of their sexual
orientation when applying for a job by country, %
0
EU LGBT average
Sweden
United Kingdom
Finland
Netherlands
Denmark
Ireland
Belgium
France
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Germany
Croatia
Spain
Portugal
Lithuania
Austria
Poland
Luxembourg
Slovakia
Estonia
Romania
Latvia
Malta
Bulgaria
Hungary
Italy
Greece
Cyprus
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
56
84
83
82
77
75
74
73
66
63
59
58
54
52
50
50
47
46
46
45
44
44
42
39
38
31
25
22
21
Question: D1. In the country where you live, is there a law that forbids discrimination against persons because of their sexual orientation when
applying for a job?
Base: All EU LGBT survey respondents
22
But…
EU average: only 42% is aware of a similar law
on gender identity
76% of all respondents thought that positive
measures to promote human rights of
transgender people are rare. Trans persons:
80%
23
What needs to be done? LGBT people answer
Recognition of sam-sex partnerships across the EU
1
Better acceptance by religious leaders
1
83
71
3
Measures implemented at school
71
18
The possibility to marry and/or register of partnership
61
6
Open support of public figures
61
Training of public servants on the rights of LGB people
4
National authorities promoting rights
5
Current situation is fine
Strongly agree
61
60
8
The possibility to foster/ adopt children
57
16
Anti-discrimination policies at the workplace
43
0
20
40
60
80
100
24
Upcoming FRA reports
1
Public authorities: Qualitative
research into drivers and obstacles
for setting up LGBT policies (2015)
Interviews with public officials, police officers,
health workers and teachers on LGBT issues in
19 EU Member States
Aim: what are the drivers and obstacles for
setting up, implementing and monitoring LGBT
equality policies?
25
Upcoming FRA reports
2
Focus report on
transgender people
(November 2014)
In depth analysis of FRA
LGBT survey data for trans
persons
26
Upcoming FRA reports
Update of FRA EU legal
comparative report
including a new section on
‘intersex’ (2015)
3
How is the coverage of
intersex under nondiscrimination law in EU MS
How are the (medical)
procedures regarding intersex
newborns?
27
Thank you!
fra.europa.eu