1. Introduction

Under Article 3.1 of the Kyoto Protocol, the Annex I Parties have agreed
to limit and reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases between 2008 and 2012.

The Kyoto Protocol makes provision for Annex I Parties to take into account
afforestation, reforestation, and deforestation and other agreed land use,
land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) activities in meeting their commitments
under Article 3.

To implement the Kyoto Protocol, issues related to LULUCF will have to be
considered. Relevant issues may include for example:

Approaches, such as geo-referencing and statistical sampling, associated
with identifying lands with activities defined under Article 3.3, accepted
under Article 3.4, or associated with project-based activities under
the Kyoto Protocol, and measuring and estimating changes in carbon stocks
and greenhouse gases.

Verification procedures.

Determination of how and which additional activities pursuant to Article
3.4 are included.

How to link the first and subsequent commitment periods.

Determination of how and which project-based activities are included.

What improvements, if any, are needed to the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories and the Good Practice Guidance and
Uncertainty Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.

What are the implications of and what, if any, national and/or international
sustainable development criteria could be associated with Articles 3.3 and
3.4 and project-based activities.

Therefore, to assist the Parties to the Protocol, this Summary for Policymakers
(SPM) provides relevant scientific and technical information in three parts:

Part I describes how the global carbon cycle operates and provides a
context for the sections on afforestation, reforestation, and deforestation
(ARD) and additional human-induced activities.

Part II addresses important issues regarding definitions and accounting
rules. It identifies a range of options and discusses implications and
interrelationships among options.

Part III provides information that governments might find useful in
considering these issues:

An assessment of the usefulness of models and of the usefulness
and costs of ground-based and remotely sensed measurements and of
monitoring techniques for assessing changes in carbon stocks.

The near-term (first commitment period) potential for carbon stock
changes/accounting of activities in Annex I countries and globally.

Issues of special significance to project-based activities.

An evaluation of the applicability of the Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines
for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories for national and project-level
accounting in light of the Kyoto Protocol.

Implications of Articles 3.3 and 3.4 and project activities on sustainable
development (i.e., socioeconomic and environmental considerations)