sovereignty

expressed powers

implied powers

powers derived from the necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8) of the Constitution. Such powers are not specifically expressed but are implied through the expansive interpretation of delegated powers

police power

necessary and proper clause

Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which enumerates the powers of Congress and provides Congress with the authority to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry them out; also referred to as the elastic clause

dual federalism

cooperative federalism

a type of federalism existing since the New Deal era, in which grants-in-aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities (without commanding them) to pursue nationally defined goals. Also known as intergovernmental cooperation.

devolution

commerce clause

Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which delegates to Congress the power "to regulate commerce with foreign nations, among the several states and with Indian Tribes." This clause was interpreted by the Supreme Court to favor national power over the economy

executive privilege

writ of habeas corpus

a court oder demanding that an individual in custody be brought into court and shown the cause for detention. Habeas Corpus is guarenteed by the Constitution and can be suspended only in cases of rebellion or invasion