1) How does muscle tissue contribute to homeostasis?
A) by generating heat that helps maintain body temperature
B) by moving materials through the body
C) by pulling on bones to move the body
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.

3) Skeletal muscle
A) is striated.
B) is under voluntary control.
C) is primarily regulated by hormones from the endocrine system. D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.

4) Cardiac muscle
A) is found in the walls of blood vessels and in the heart.
B) is largely under voluntary control.
C) is striated.
D) contraction is dependent on stimulation by the nervous system. E) is unaffected by hormones.

5) Smooth muscle
A) is largely under voluntary control.
B) is located in the coverings of solid organs.
C) is striated.
D) moves blood through the heart
E) is regulated by the autonomic division of the nervous system.

6) Which of the following is a function of muscle tissue?
A) absorbing heat from the environment
B) storage of triglycerides
C) controlling flow of materials out of the stomach and urinary bladder D) destabilizing body position
E) storing calcium

7) The ability to respond to stimuli by producing action potentials A) is called electrical excitability.
B) is a property of muscle tissue.
C) is not exhibited by nervous tissue.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.

8) The ability of a muscle tissue to stretch without being damaged is called A) electrical excitability.
B) contractility.
C) extensibility.
D) irritability.
E) elasticity.

10) Superficial fascia
A) is composed primarily of dense connective tissue.
B) provides a route for lymphatic and blood vessels as well as nerves to enter muscles. C) is found between the skeletal muscles and the bones.
D) stores most of the body’s proteins.
E) promotes heat loss.

11) Deep fascia
A) is composed of loose (aerolar) connective tissue.
B) is found between the muscles and the skin.
C) holds muscles with similar functions together.
D) limits movement of muscles.
E) blocks the penetration of nerves and blood vessels into muscles.
12) The outermost extension of deep connective tissue that surrounds a muscle is the A) endomysium.
B) epimysium.
C) perimysium
D) tendon.
E) aponeurosis.

13) A tendon
A) attaches a muscle to a bone.
B) is an extension of the fused endomysium, perimysium and epimysium of a muscle. C) contains parallel bundles of collagen fibers.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
14) Which of the following is NOT true?
A) Several nerves accompany each artery that penetrates a muscle cell. B) Muscle tissue is highly vascular.C) Somatic motor neurons control skeletal muscle contraction. D) Somatic motor neurons branch; each branch may control a muscle fiber. E) A muscle fiber uses large amounts of ATP during contraction.

15) A skeletal myofiber
A) has one centrally located nucleus.
B) is derived from embryonic cells called myoblasts.
C) retains mitotic potential even in the adult.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.

16) An adult has more muscle mass than a child. How did that increase in muscle mass occur? A) atrophy
B) dysplasia
C) hyperplasia
D) dystrophy
E) hypertrophy

...Muscle Test #1 Study Guide
1. What are the primary functions of muscles? What are skeletal muscles made of?
Five Skeletal Muscle Functions
1.Produce movement of the skeleton
•By pulling on tendons that then move bones
2.Maintain posture and body position
3.Support soft tissues
•With the muscles of the abdominal wall and the pelvic floor
4.Guard entrances and exits
•In the form of sphincters
5.Maintain body temperature
•When contraction occurs, energy is used and converted to heat
Skeletal muscles are organs Made of:
•Connective tissue
•Blood vessels
•Nerves
•Skeletal muscletissue
2. List and describe the three layers of connective tissue associated with muscles.
1.Epimysium
•Covers the entire muscle
2.Perimysium
•Divides the muscle into bundles called fascicles
•Blood vessels and nerves are contained in the perimysium
3.Endomysium
•Covers each muscle fiber and ties fibers together
•Contains capillaries and nerve tissue
3. Describe a sarcomere. Where is it found? What does it do? How is it “defined” within the muscle? What is it made of?
Sarcomeres
•Smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle fiber
•Formed by repeating myofilament arrangements
•Each myofibril has about...

...There are four types of tissue found in animals: connective, muscle, nervous, and epithelial. We are going to go into muscletissue. The cells of muscletissues are called fibers. There are three types of muscletissue and they are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth. All types can go though hypertrophy (enlargement or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body due to the increased size of the constituent cells). Muscle fibers contract due to the interaction of the contractile proteins, actin and myosin. Muscle contraction generates contractile force (tension). The contractile proteins of muscle are located in protein filaments called myofibrils. Muscletissues function in body movements like locomotion and also in the movement of the body’s internal materials. Muscletissues are mostly controlled by the nervous system, but cardiac and smooth muscle may be additionally regulated by the endocrine system. Now we are going to go into the types of muscletissue. The structure of skeletal muscletissue is formed from striated skeletal muscle fibers (cells). The fibers are characterized by being long, striated, parallel, cylindrical, and multinucleate. The fibers are separated by a connective...

...focused on the examination and identification of tissues that make up the organs of the body. The tissues are divided into four main categories: epithelial, connective, muscle, and neuronal. Click on the thumbnail images to see a larger version. All of the photomicrographs were taken using the 40X objective (400X magnification), which is the highest magnification we use in this lab.
Other resources include linked web pages on the "Resources" page and the histology tutorial on the PhysioEx 7.01 CD.
Remember, for the practical, you are expected to:
1) Identify the tissues
2) Know where the tissues are found
3) Know one function for the tissues
Epithelial tissue |
| Simple squamous epithelium Epithelial tissue that lines the air pockets (alveoli) of the lungs. |
| Stratified squamous epithelium The identification is from the shape of the top layer of cells. |
| Simple cuboidal epithelium This tissue lines the tubules of the kidney. You can see the lumen (open area) and the single layer of cuboidal cells that enclose a tubule. The cells are cuboidal in shape with the nucleus in the center. |
| Simple columnar epithelium This tissue lines the digestive tract. The light fuzz on the apical surface of the cells are microvilli that increase the absorptive area of the cell. The light purple structures are goblet...

...﻿ANATOMY CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM TEST REVIEW
LeGrotte 2014
1. Which wall of the heart is thickest and why?
The myocardium (cardiac muscle), is the thickest section of the heart wall and contains cardiomyocytes, the contractile cell of the heart.
2. What part of the heart is the pacemaker and why?
The SA Node is located in the right atrium of the heart. It is made up of a group of cells (myocytes) positioned on the wall of the right atrium, at the center of the heart and near the entrance of the superior vena cava. The sinoatrial node coordinates beating of all four chambers of the heart. It stands to reason that this coordination would begin in the first chamber involved and travel to the rest in sequence.
3. Where is the SA node located?
Wall of right atrium, near entrance of the superior vena cava.
4. List the blood types, their antigens and antibodies.
BT O: antigens none, antibodies A and B
BT A: antigen A, antibody B
BT B: antigen B, antibody A
BT AB: antigen AB, antibodies none
5. Define systolic and diastolic. (ventricular diastole, atrial systole etc.)
Ventricular diastole is the period during which the ventricles are relaxing, while atrial diastole is the period during which the atria are relaxing.
Atrial systole represents the contraction of myocardium of the left and right atria. Atrial systole occurs late in ventricular diastole. One force driving blood from the atria to the ventricles is the decrease in ventricular...

...﻿
Anatomy Review: Skeletal MuscleTissue
Graphics are used with permission of:
Pearson Education Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings (http://www.aw-bc.com)
Page 1. Introduction
• Skeletal muscle cells have unique characteristics which allow for body movement.
Page 2. Goals
• To compare and contrast smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and skeletal muscle cells.
• To review the anatomy of skeletal muscle.
• To examine the connective tissue associated with the skeletal muscle.
• To review the intracellular organization of the skeletal muscle cell.
Page 3. Comparison of Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth Muscle Cells
Skeletal Muscle Cell:
Cardiac Muscle:
Smooth Muscle Cell:
Elongated Cells
Branching Cells
Spindle-Shaped Cell
Multiple Peripheral Nuclei
Single Central Nucleus
Single Central Nucleus
Visible Striations
Visible Striations
Lack Visible Striations
Voluntary
Involuntary
Involuntary
** Now is a good time to go to quiz question 1:
• Click the Quiz button on the left side of the screen.
• After answering question 1, click the Back to Topic button on the left side of the screen.
• To get back to where you left off, click on the scrolling page list at the top of the screen and choose...

...
Complete and submit Essay 4 (BIO201 LESN 10 Essay 4 N), as instructed below:
1. A patient is admitted for electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). The physician orders the neuromuscular blocking agent metocurine iodide (metubine) to reduce trauma by relaxing skeletal muscles. Explain the process of muscle contraction and how a neuromuscular blocking agent, such as metubine, would interfere with muscle contraction.
According to the Mayo Clinic website electroconvulsive treatment is the use of an electrical signal that sent through the brain to intentionally induce a brief seizure. They claim this procedure attempts to cause changes in a person's brain chemistry in to help alleviate symptoms of mental illness. It is typically administered when other methods of treatment have failed (Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) - MayoClinic.com, n.d.). In a case where electroconvulsive treatment is recommended, a physician may order the use of a neuromuscular depolarizing agent such as metocurine iodide (metubine). This would interrupt skeletal muscles, without depolarizing the end plate (metocurine - PubChem., n.d.). To examine how interrupting skeletal muscle contractions work and the role acetylcholine plays, the role of an acetylcholine antagonists such as metubine becomes in the reduction of convulsive states during electroconvulsive therapy will be more clear.
In a nerves stimulus event an electrical...