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The paradox of having goals in the moment

There’s a lot of confusion about whether goals have a place in Buddhist practice. Buddhism’s about “being in the moment.” right? And if you’re in the moment you shouldn’t be thinking about the future. And goals are a form of clinging, and we’re not supposed to cling, and so therefore goals have no place in spiritual practice. Right? Well, not so fast.

Sure, there can be problems with goals.

Goals can be something we cling to inappropriately, and so we end up giving ourselves a hard time when we don’t meet them.

Here’s something I’ve experienced, and that I’ve seen happen with many other people:

Early on, when I’d not long learned to meditate, I had a great sit, full of contentment, even bliss. I was effortlessly focused, filled with energy, and feeling like I was radiating compassion. It was wonderful; my first real experience that meditation could bring about powerful change.

So the next time I sat down to meditate I wanted that again. Why not? I’d cracked it! I had this meditation thing sorted out. I was probably on the verge of enlightenment. And of course, what happened? Distraction, despair, and doubt! I plunged into an emotional freefall, desperately wanting to recreate that experience, and failing miserably. And as I failed, I became despondent. And the more despondent I became, the more I failed. A classic vicious cycle.

What went on here? First, the “good sit” arose because I had a non-grasping mind. The mind had let go of grasping after pleasant experiences and of trying to push away unpleasant experiences, and simply relaxed into a state of calmness, contentment, and concentration. In the second sit, there was an attitude of grasping after a particular experience. And when that experience didn’t arise (and it couldn’t, because an experience of non-grasping can’t be achieved through grasping) states such as aversion, doubt, and self-criticism arose. Grasping after the experience of a good sit stops a good sit from happening.

So that’s one problem with goals; they can be something we grasp after, and when we grasp after them they cause us to suffer.

What’s the solution to grasping after achieving goals? We don’t hold our goals as expectations, and therefore don’t beat ourselves up when we don’t achieve them. We hold our goals lightly, so that they represent the direction in which we want to move rather than something we must achieve. So we can have the goal of reproducing the “good sit,” but we’re not obsessed with the degree of progress we’re making. We accept that change is messy and unpredictable. And mostly importantly we accept that we have to start from where we are right now. We accept the present moment, because anything good that happens in our practice comes from acceptance.

Don’t assume that your happiness is going to arise automatically or magically just because you’ve set goals. Don’t beat yourself up when things don’t work out exactly as you planned. Life is unpredictable.

Apart from clinging to our goals, the worst mistake we can have is to lack goals altogether. If we don’t have any sense of direction in our spiritual practice, how are we going to find our way to enlightenment?

At its broadest, we should have the goal of becoming awakened. That’s what Buddhist practice is all about. The goal of enlightenment needs to be lightly held (see above). We shouldn’t think that just because we want to get enlightened it’s going to happen right now. Maybe it will, maybe it won’t. But we shouldn’t expect it.

Practically speaking, though, we’ll probably have more specific things we’re working on. We might have a goal of becoming less cranky, or of becoming more patient, or more compassionate, for example.

In my own life I have any number of goals that are directly connected with my spiritual practice. I want to be more empathetic, particularly toward my wife. I want to be more patient with my children, especially when we’re in a hurry and they do what kids often do, which is get distracted. In my meditation practice I’m working on realizing non-duality more clearly, by letting go of the unconscious habit of regarding some sensations as “self” and others as “other.” I also have the goal of setting aside more time for meditation, because with my own work, two young kids, and a wife who works irregular hours, my meditation time can get squeezed to almost zero.

Sometimes we can have the wrong goals. I’m not talking about specifically spiritual goals here, but about goals that a spiritually-oriented person might have that aren’t helpful. For example, goals can be very materialistic. That’s not a problem in itself, but frankly materialism doesn’t work very well. There’s plenty of research showing that after an initial bost in happiness when we gain material wealth, we drift back down to a “hedonic set point.” The lesson to take from this is that happiness fundamentally comes from within — from our attitudes.

But say you make a goal to change your attitudes. Say you make a goal of appreciating every day the people you love. Or appreciating yourself every day. Of expressing gratitude every day. Of spending some time each day in meditation. Of serving others at least once a week. Those activities can change your hedonic set point (which isn’t set in stone — it’s just the end result of the habits you have). If you have those kinds of goals, and make meaningful effort to achieve them, then you’ll be a happier person.

Happiness may be implicit in the thinking behind materialist goals. Explicit is “I will earn $200,000 dollars a year.” Implicit is “and doing so will make me happy.” Of course the question that arises is, will it? Probably not.

If you’re earning 10 times as must as you did when you were a grad student, or 100 times more than that summer you volunteered to work with disabled kids, are you now 10 or 100 times happier than you were then? I’m guessing not. So why do you assume that what didn’t work in the past is going to somehow start working in the future? It almost certainly won’t. In fact, you were probably really happy working with those disabled kids because you grew as a person and realized how incredibly lucky you were. So if that worked in the past, why not set it as a goal for the future? That doesn’t necessarily mean you have to go back and do that precise thing, but instead reconnect with the appreciation and giving that contributed to your wellbeing. Why not set a goal of recreating those elements in your life?

And if you haven’t made happiness your explicit goal, will you even remember it once you’re in the throes of trying to make your goals happen? Again, probably not. It’s hard enough to bear goals in mind when they’re fully conscious. When they’re assumed, they’ll tend to be forgotten.

But what about the idea that if you’re “in the moment” you shouldn’t be thinking about the future? Sadly, this is a common misunderstanding of what it means to be in the present moment. Talk of “being in the present moment” is a metaphor. Given that we can’t actually be anywhere else than the present moment, how could it be otherwise? What is the metaphor referring to, if it’s not to be taken literally? Well, much of the time when we’re distracted — when we’ve lost our mindfulness — we’re thinking about the past or future. We’re worrying, regretting, feeling angry, longing after things we think will make us happy. And crucially, we’re not aware that this is what we’re doing. What’s going on in the present moment is that we’re absorbed in unhelpful forms of thinking, and we’re not aware of that present-moment activity. Saying that we’re not in the present moment means just that we’re not aware of what we’re doing in the present moment.

It is perfectly possible to think of the past or future mindfully — that is, we’re aware we’re thinking about past events or events that might become. We’re not captive to those thoughts, and if they start to give rise to grasping or aversion we can notice this and take corrective action. That’s something we aren’t able to do when we’re distracted.

The Buddha often encouraged people to think mindfully about the past or future. He asked us to reflect on old age, sickness, and other forms of suffering the future will bring, for example, in order that we can motivate ourselves to practice now.

He also asks us over and over to note how experiences have passed away, so that we can appreciate impermanence and learn to let go of our grasping. There is no way to learn without contemplating the past.

Comments

This is a very helpful take on something I have often thought of as a conundrum. Much appreciated, Bodhipaska.

Comment from EmoTime: March 31, 2011, 12:18 pm

I had been pondering over almost the exact same issue for a couple days when this post appeared in my news feed. Wild! Thanks for sharing!

Comment from DeborahTime: March 31, 2011, 3:10 pm

Probably the single most powerful reason that prevents me from doing meditation practice is this feeling that that you describe so well – that after previous wonderful success it’s not going to happen again and it’s just not going to ‘work’. As an artist exactly the same thing happens in my art practice, and it goes on happening all the time, again and again – you want to be able to repeat the same success and you can’t, because your mind is set on grasping after achieving something which by definition you can’t, because the way you got there in the first place was by doing the opposite!
Thank you – this came at just the right time.

Comment from LynnTime: March 31, 2011, 8:46 pm

This is really timely for me as well and I think you describe it beautifully. The problem is not the goals themselves but our attachment to them. Thanks!

Comment from MikeTime: April 1, 2011, 12:16 am

Like they all said. Thanks!

Comment from EmoTime: April 1, 2011, 1:26 pm

I love the idea of mindful goal setting, but the whole idea of having goals seems to conflict with the Buddhist philosophy of being happy with what we’ve got. If we fully appreciate what we’ve got, why should we grasp for anything else?

One issue that’s been bothering me lately is the idea of where the line is drawn between accepting/being happy with what we’ve got and complacency. Obviously, it’s good to appreciate what we have, but it’s bad to be complacent. Where is the line drawn? What’s the difference between the two? I can’t seem to wrap my head around it.

Has Buddhist doctrine ever addressed this issue? How would you address it? Thanks so much for your feedback!

Comment from BodhipaksaTime: April 1, 2011, 1:45 pm

The Buddha’s teaching of dukkha is that anything short of enlightenment is inherently unsatisfactory. Even in a relatively blissful state of meditation, such as third or fourth jhana, there is an element of incompleteness and restlessness. In order to avoid complacency we need to be sensitive to this element of dukkha and allow it to motivate us to move closer to enlightenment. So, in a funny way, to “fully appreciate what we’ve got” includes appreciating that we have an inherent drive toward completeness. “What we’ve got” isn’t something static, and so embracing it fully doesn’t lead to settling down. Embracing “what we’ve got” includes recognizing that we’re a work in progress. I wonder if maybe that’s what’s at the centre of your question.

Comment from Johnny DuranTime: June 28, 2011, 11:47 am

Articles from wildmind are always full of a very potent, sobering, reinvigorating wisdom.

Comment from DenisTime: July 16, 2012, 6:54 pm

Goals, or the suchness of the way things are! Things for me at the moment are tough, to say the least,…
There is a need/desire for things to be different,
Ability to ‘create my day’ and not have attatchment to a projected future,. Being in the moment, attitude of grattitude and all that. Thoughts of ‘Abandoning all hope of fruition” Depression, negative self talk, etc.
Q; How can I break this yada yada in my head?
Any thoughts other than brain transplant?
Metta Denis

Comment from BodhipaksaTime: July 16, 2012, 9:04 pm

Hi, Denis.

It would be helpful to know what you’ve already tried, what kind of meditation you do, etc.

All the best,
Bodhipaksa

Comment from Nick BoldanTime: October 29, 2014, 9:32 pm

I think you are correct in saying that we must have spiritual goals, and that materialistic goals are usually not what we had hoped. But there is also truth that having goals such as “fulfilling my dream to become a champion athlete, and at the same donate my prize money towards building schools in my home country” should be encouraged. Success (accomplishments, money, fame) does not have to mean becoming a rich, selfish snob. In fact, it can show the power of believing in yourself and your faith, and how hard work and perseverance can pay off in whatever field you choose, whether it be spiritualism or a sport or business. The main point should be that whatever you choose to do, you do it in a meaningful and substantive way, appreciate those who have helped you, and help those need it all along the way.

Comment from BodhipaksaTime: October 29, 2014, 10:42 pm

The Buddha encouraged his householder disciples to make lots of money so that they could give their surplus way to help others, including spiritual practitioners.

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