Reference Data

XAF-1 binds to XIAP, an inhibitor of caspases-3, -7, and -9, and triggers its relocation from the cytosol to the nucleus (1,2). Overexpression of XAF-1 results in the neutralization of XIAP's ability to inhibit cell death (1). XAF-1 is normally expressed in all adult and fetal tissues but was found to be present in very low levels in a variety of cancer cell lines (3). In contrast, XIAP levels have been shown to be high in a majority of cell lines. Low XAF-1 and high basal expression of XIAP may therefore play a critical role in maintaining survival of cancer cell lines (2,3). Both IFN-alpha2 and IFN-beta can induce XAF-1 mRNA in all cells examined but induction of XAF-1 protein (as observed by immunoblot analysis) was seen only in cell lines sensitive to the apoptotic effects of IFNs (4).