U.S. Patent Classification System - Classification Definitions
as of June 30, 2000

Patents classified in a subclass may be accessed by either clicking on
the subclass number
preceding each subclass definition or on the
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(definitions have been obtained from the
Patents ASSIST CD-ROM which
is produced by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Electronic Products Branch)

Class 178

TELEGRAPHY

Class Definition:

Means for transmitting to a distance messages, unlimited with
respect to the extent of information they are adapted to
convey, and the transmission and facsimile reproduction of
written, printed, or otherwise produced characters, marks,
pictures, etc., unlimited with respect to form or outline, by
the utilization of conductive or inductive electrical current
impulses or reversals, the elements of the messages being
selected or composed at will, according to a prearranged
code, or the transmitter being actuated or controlled by a
previously designed pattern.
(1) Note. Electric signaling means that are limited with
respect to the number, character, or subject matter of
messages adapted to be conveyed thereby or with respect to
the selection of the elements of a message or the possibility
of composing the same thereby are deemed to be electric
signals, indicators, and alarms rather than electric
telegraphs. Means for the conversion of sound waves into
conductive or inductive electrical impulses and reconversion
into sound waves for reproduction of sounds at a distance are
classified as telephones.

REFERENCES TO OTHER CLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
136, Batteries: Thermoelectric and Photoelectric, 243 for
electro-optical cells.
324, Electricity: Measuring and Testing, appropriate
subclasses for electrical testing systems not limited to
telegraphy.
330, Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for amplifiers.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, for electric wave
transmission systems wherein electromagnetic wave energy is
guided or constrained by a wave propagation medium of
appreciable electrical length as compared to the wave length
of the propagated energy. This class includes numerous
electrical networks and components useful in telegraphy. Note
particularly subclass 20 for wave shaping networks of the
passive type, subclass 23 for artifical lines, subclasses 24+
for coupling networks, which include equalizers, impedance
matching networks, delay networks, and wave filters, subclass
81 for attenuators, subclasses 236+ for longe transmission
lines, and subclasses 1+ for plural channel systems of the
above which include branched circuits and hybrid type
networks.
338, Electrical Resistors, 15 for photoconductive electrical
resistors.
340, Communications: Electrical, for electric systems of
communication not peculiar to telegraph code signaling. Note
Particularly 825 for selective systems analogous to the
selective systems utilized in telegraphy but restricted to
the communication of a limited amount of information or
control signals, subclasses 287+ and 533+ for signal box
systems such as the American district telegraph or fire alarm
systems, and subclass 320 for signaling along a fluid
conduit.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, 20 and 173+ for a
pulse code transmitter.
356, Optics: Measuring and Testing, for devices which may
involve facsimile systems to test light, or articles or
substances by means of light for optical properties,
dimensions, configuration, or flaws, particularly 308 for
spectros:graphic scanning devices, subclasses 380, 386, 387,
and 398 for mensuration or configuration devices involving
scanning, subclasses 404 and 405 for photos:graphic or
tristimulus color tests, and subclass 444 for light
transmission tests involving scanning.
359, Optics: Systems (Including Communication) and Elements,
227 and 238+ for light valves.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 1 for
electrical safety systems not limited to telegraphy.
370, Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses for a
multiplexing system, particularly 298 for multiplexed
teletypewriter service.
375, Pluse or Digital Communications, appropriate subclasses
for nonteles:graphic pulse or digital communications.
379, Telephonic Communications, 108.01 for combinations of
telegraph and signaling systems with telephone systems or
means for sending signals over telephone circuits, subclasses
338+ for telephone type repeaters. Class 171 for
amplifiers.
380, Cryptography, appropriate subclasses for cryptos:graphic
techniques and equipment.
400, Typewriting Machines, appropriate subclasses for a
remote-control typewriter, and see (1) Note in Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class in Class 400 for
discussion of the difference between a typewriter of Class
400 and a printing telegraph of Class 178.
455, Telecommunications, appropriate subclasses for nonpulse
carrier wave communications.

This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Miscellaneous means for transmitting messages between
stations teles:graphically not otherwise provided for that
include a plurality of telegraph instruments, such as
transmitting and receiving instruments, in circuit.
(1) Note. Telegraphing and telephoning by Hertzian Waves
guided by transmission lines between stations and all line or
conductive transmission systems therefor are classified,
respectively, in appropriate subclasses under Class 178,
Telegraphy and 379, Telephonic Communications.
(2) Note. For telemetric systems specific to measuring, see
Class 73, Measuring and Testing; Class 33, Geometrical
Instuments, subclasses 267, 312, 317, 363, and 366.11.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for telegraphing by induction on neighboring lines, etc.
47 for harmonic or vibratory transmission systems and
essential accessories.
64 for applications of induction-coils and transformers to
telegraphy.
66.1 for alternating current transmission.
74 for subcombinations comprising a plurality of connected
instruments or local circuits at one station employed in
transmitting or receiving, such as combinations of key and
battery, induction-coils, and the like.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems having
transmitting means employing perforated strip or tape,
code-type, patterns, etc.
(2) Note. There are numerous other record controlled means
in other classes which as to some characteristics may be
references for the record controlled mechanisms of this
class. Attention is called to the following classes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Automatic
systems adapted to print the message at the receiving
station.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
23 for printing telegraphs other than automatic.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
101, Printing, for the art of printing.
235, Registers, for printing features specific thereto.
346, Recorders, (see Class 235 above).
400, Typewriting Machines, for typewriters not peculiarly
adapted for printing telegraphs and for typewriters connected
by the same number of wires as there are keys or for
electrically actuated typewriters, and 70, for perforated
tape actuators for typewriters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 4. Systems of
remote control for starting and/or stopping printer motors at
called or calling stations or both by either manually or
automatically transmitted impulses or code.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
53.1 for start-stop rotary distributor synchronizers for
multiplex systems.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Automatic
systems other than facsimile that employ photos:graphic
recorders.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
90 for photos:graphic recorders of general application to
telegraphy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, 302 for
facsimile systems with photos:graphic recorders.
386, Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or
Reproducing, subclass 30, 42+, and 128+ for photos:graphic
television recording or reproducing, particularly subclasses
38 and 117 for video apparatus combined with camera for
recording television signal.

This subclass is indented under subclass 3. Means specific
to automatic systems for transmitting automatically or for
recording.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for automatic transmitters combined in systems,
particularly subclass 4 for printing systems, and subclass 16
for current reversing systems.
36 for type printing recorders.
43 for space induction systems.
48 for receivers and recorders peculiar to harmonic or tone
telegraphy.
62 for recorders operating by chemical action.
79 for transmitters for transmitting code signals and not
specific to any particular system of telegraphy.
89 for Morse registers and other code-recorders for
producing a record of code signals on suitable receiving
surfaces.

Position coordinate determination for writing (e.g., writing
digitizer pad, stylus, or circuitry):
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter
wherein X,Y coordinates of a designed writing pattern such as
a graph or a character inputted by an operator manipulable
pointing device (e.g., stylus or the like) or by an operator
directly touching a sensing surface of a tablet (e.g.,
digitizing pad) are defined.
(1) Note. Included here is a writing digitizer pad, a
stylus, or circuitry for position coordinate determination
without a display device claimed..

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18.03 for a writing digitizer pad for position coordinate
determination.
19.01 for a writing digitizer stylus for position coordinate
determination.
20.01 for a writing digitizer circuit for position
coordinate determination.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 512 for a
membrane-type solid contact relating to a switch of a
touchpad.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 407.1 for a
tactual indicator.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 5 for X -
Y coordinate determination in a digital pattern reading-type
converter and subclasses 20+ for bodily actuated code
generators in which an operator makes physical contact to
control the transmission or generation of a coded set of
pulses.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 173 for a
combination of a display device and a writing digitizer pad,
a stylus, or circuitry for position coordinate
determination.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 709.01
for an electric digital calculating computer using
specialized input.
901, Robots, subclass 33 for a tactile sensor.

Writing digitizer pad:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.01. Subject
matter including a characteristic or a structure of the
sensing surface of the tablet used to transform the inputted
position coordinates data into planar coordinate information
that can be read and understood by a computer.
(1) Note. A digitizer pad claimed with display device is
classified in Class 345, subclass 173. Otherwise it is
included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18.01 for writing position coordinate determination.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 407.1 for a
tactual indicator.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 5 for X
and Y coordinate determination in a digital pattern
reading-type converter and subclasses 20+ for bodily actuated
code generators in which an operator makes physical contact
to control the transmission or generation of a coded set of
pulses.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 173 for a
combination of a display device and a writing digitizer pad,
a stylus, or circuitry for position coordinate
determination.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 190 for a positional input to a data processing
control system and subclasses 709.01+ for an electric digital
calculating computer using specialized input.

Acoustical (e.g., vibration, ultrasonic, etc.):
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject
matter wherein position coordinates are determined by a
property (e.g., type, material, temperature, or structure of
connection) of a device, designed to transform an acoustical
signal (e.g., vibration, ultrasonic waves, or the like) into
an electrical signal, that is included in the sensing surface
of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.02 for an acoustical writing digitizer stylus.
47 for harmonic or vibratory transmission systems and
essential accessories.

Resistive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject
matter wherein position coordinates are determined by a
property (e. g., dimensions, material, temperature, or
structure of connection) of a resistor that is included in
the sensing surface of the tablet.

Capacitive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject
matter wherein position coordinates are determined by a
property (e. g., dimensions, material, temperature, or
structure of connection) of a capacitor that is included in
the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.03 for an inductive or a capacitive writing digitizer
stylus.

Inductive:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject
matter wherein position coordinates are determined by a
property (e. g., dimensions, material, temperature, or
structure of connection) of a magnetic field generating coil
that is included in the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.03 for an inductive or a capacitive writing digitizer
stylus.
43 for telegraphing by induction on neighboring lines, etc.
64 for applications of induction coils and transformers to
telegraphy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
246, Railways Switches and Signals, subclass 8 for inductive
communication signals (telegraphy or telephony) between
trains and the dispatcher or other stations.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 15 for
inductive responsive digital pattern reading-type converters
and subclass 32 for bodily actuated code generators including
a keyboard or keypad with magnetic or inductive sensors.

Optical:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject
matter wherein position coordinates are determined by a
property (e. g., type, material, temperature, and structure
of connection) of a photocell (e.g., photodiode or
phototransistor) that is included in the sensing surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
19.05 for a light pen used as a writing digitizer stylus.
119 for receivers that convert received telegraph signals
into a perceptible form using optical devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, 13 for a digital
pattern reading-type converter using optical device and
subclass 31 for a bodily actuated code generator including a
keyboard or keypad with an electric light sensor.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass
175 for a combination of a display device and a writing
digitizer pad with optical detection for position coordinate
determination.

With illumination:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.03. Subject
matter including means to brighten the sensing surface of the
tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18.1 for a digitizing pad having display.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
362, Illumination, 227 and 257+ for single or plural light
sources for general illumination.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems, 709.01
for an electric digital calculating computer using
specialized input.

Writing digitizer stylus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.01. Subject
matter including a structure or a characteristic of a
handheld pointing device which provides position coordinate
input to the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18.01 for position coordinate determination for writing.

Capacitive or inductive stylus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the pointing device has means for capacitively
or inductively coupling with the circuitry present in the
sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18.06 for a capacitive writing digitizer pad.
18.07 for an inductive writing digitizer pad.
43 for telegraphing by induction on neighboring lines, etc.
64 for applications of induction coils and transformers to
telegraphy.

Pressure stylus:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the pointing device has a built-in sensor
(e.g., pressure sensor) which is automatically activated when
the pointing device tip applies a force on the sensing
surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclass
179 for a combination of a display device and a stylus.

Light pen:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the pointing device is a light sensitive
device which consists of an optical lens and a photocell with
associated circuitry mounted in a tubular housing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18.09 for optical writing digitizer pad.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
250, Radiant Energy, 227.13 for a light pen, per se.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 180 for a
combination of a display device and a light pen.

AC source:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.01. Subject
matter wherein the pointing device has means for transmitting
an alternating current (AC) to circuitry present in the
sensing surface of the tablet.
(1) Note. An alternating current is a flow of electricity
which reaches maximum in one direction, decreases to zero,
then reverses itself and reaches maximum in the opposite
direction. The cycle is repeated continuously.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66.1 for alternating current transmission.

Multifrequency:
This subclass is indented under subclass 19.06. Subject
matter wherein the pointing device has means for transmitting
an alternating current of different frequencies to the
circuitry present in the sensing surface of the tablet.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
66.1 for alternating current transmission.

Writing digitizer circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 18.01. Subject
matter including the interconnection of a number of
electrical elements in one or more closed paths to perform
the transformation of inputted position coordinates data into
planar coordinate information that can be read and understood
by a computer.
(1) Note. A writing digitizer circuit claimed with display
device is classified in Class 345, subclass 173. Otherwise
it is included in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
18.01 for writing position coordinate determination.
74 for subcombinations of systems or local circuit
arrangements under the class definition not amounting to
systems nor specific to any particular type of system.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 512 for a
membrane-type solid contact relating to a switch of a
touchpad.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 407.1 for a
tactual indicator.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 5 for X -
Y coordinate determination in a digital pattern reading-type
converter, subclasses 20+ for bodily actuated code generators
in which an operator makes physical contact to control the
transmission or generation of a coded set of pulses, and
subclasses 126+ for analog to or from digital converters.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 173 for a
combination of a display device and a writing digitizer pad,
a stylus, or circuitry for position coordinate
determination.
364, Electrical Computers and Data Processing Systems,
subclass 190 for a positional input to a data processing
control system and subclasses 709.01+ for an electric digital
calculating computer using specialized input.

Electrical filter or multiplexer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.01. Subject
matter including an electrical element that can separate
signals in accordance with specified criteria or that can
accomplish simultaneous transmission of two or more signals
over a common transmission medium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 551 for a circuit including a
filtering device to eliminate undesired signals.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 5 for X -
Y coordinate determination in a digital pattern reading-type
converter and subclasses 20+ for bodily actuated code
generators in which an operator makes physical contact to
control the transmission or generation of a coded set of
pulses.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 173 for a
combination of a display device and a writing digitizer pad,
a stylus, or circuitry for position coordinate
determination.
370, Multiplex Communication, appropriate subclasses for a
circuit including a multiplexer.

Sampling circuit:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.01. Subject
matter including a circuit that measures position coordinate
input signals at intervals of time.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
327, Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, 91 for miscellaneous sampling and
holding circuits.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 5 for X -
Y coordinate determination in a digital pattern reading-type
converter and subclasses 20+ for bodily actuated code
generators in which an operator makes physical contact to
control the transmission or generation of a coded set of
pulses.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 173 for a
combination of a display device and a writing digitizer pad,
a stylus, or circuitry for position coordinate
determination.

Phase detecting:
This subclass is indented under subclass 20.01. Subject
matter wherein position coordinates are determined by a
circuit that discriminates the phase of the position
coordinate input signals.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
327 Miscellaneous Active Electrical Nonlinear Devices,
Circuits, and Systems, subclasses 2+ for a miscellaneous
phase detecting circuit.
341 Coded Data Generation or Conversion, subclass 5 for X - Y
coordinate determination in a digital pattern reading-type
converter and subclasses 20+ for bodily actuated code
generators in which an operator makes physical contact to
control the transmission or generation of a coded set of
pulses.
345 Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, subclasses
173+ for a combination of a display device and a writing
digitizer pad, a stylus, or circuitry for position coordinate
determination.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems for
transmitting stenos:graphic or shorthand messages,
characters, or abbreviated codes corresponding thereto and
generally employing a transmitter or receiver, or both, of
the multiple-pen type.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems for
recording messages in typed letters or characters by
impression or contact upon a suitable recording surface--as a
tape, strip, sheet, or page--by means of type-wheels or
type-levers, typewriters, or the like, actuated by current
variations transmitted over one or more lines or conductors
less in number than the number of characters of transmitting
keys used.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 41 for
synchronizers of general application.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, 20 for bodily
actuated code generators of general application.
345, Computer Graphics Processing, Operator Interface
Processing, and Selective Visual Display Systems, 168 for
selective electrical control of image or message display
system with a keyboard input means.
400, Typewriting Machines, 70, and appropriate indented
subclasses for typewriters operated by electromagnetic power
or for systems in which the number of connecting transmission
lines is the same as the number of keys or electromagnets
connected thereby. In the typewriters of this group the
electric operation replaces the mechanical actuation.

Translators:
This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Page printing
systems in which Morse or other code signals are translated
by selective mechanism, usually, but not necessarily at the
letters corresponding thereto or having means for
facilitating translation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
63 for transmitting code signals by reversals or current.

This subclass is indented under subclass 25. Page printing
systems in which "selectors" or devices for operating
particular printing elements are selectively actuated by the
signal impulses or currents and employed either at the
sending or receiving station.
(1) Note. Rotary distributors or "sun-flowers" are not
included herein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 825 for nontelegraph
selective systems, analogous to the selective systems
utilized in telegraphy but restricted to the communication of
a limited amount of information or control.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
355 for telephone call transmitters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Printing
systems in which each character is printed by the action of
one or more of the printing elements that together form and
record the character transmitted.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Telegraphy
printing systems having a plurality of main connecting lines,
but less in number than the number of transmitting keys of
letters used. Excludes page or column printers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Teles:graphic
printing systems having means for selectively operating one
or more of a plurality of printing surfaces by the character
of the signal impulses or current transmitted, but excluding
sun-flower and step-by-step wheels without auxiliary
selectors.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 825 for nontelegraph
selective systems, analogous to the selective systems
utilized in telegraphy but restricted to the communication of
a limited amount of information or control.
381, Electrical Audio Signal Processing Systems and Devices,
355 for telephone call transmitters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 23. The recorders
or printers, per se, specialized for use in printing
telegraph systems not otherwise provided for in the
subclasses hereunder and excluding page printers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Type-wheel
recorders in which there are a plurality of circumferential
rows of type, a row on the periphery of each of two or more
type-wheels or a plurality of rows on a single wheel or its
equivalent.

This subclass is indented under subclass 38. Type-wheel
recorders provided with means whereby all connected recorders
on the line may be brought to unison or their type-wheels
stopped in the same or the initial position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
28 for unison means in page printers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, 41 for means for
synchronizing rotary members.

This subclass is indented under subclass 36. Means for
guiding or feeding the paper or strip to the recorder in
combination therewith or specific thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
226, Advancing Material of Indeterminate Length, appropriate
subclasses for methods of, and apparatus for, feeding
material without utilizing the leading or trailing ends to
effect movement of the material.
242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, 332 or 354+ for means
to direct material between a supply coil and take-up coil,
subclasses 535+ and 548+ for a feeder or guide associated
with convolute winding, subclasses 564.3+ and 566 for a
feeder or guide associated with unwinding an elongated
material, and subclasses 615+ for a guide directing
indefinite length material.
400, Typewriting Machines, 578 for paper feeding devices,
and subclasses 191+ for ribbon mechanisms.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems for
transmitting messages by induction (electrostatic or
electromagnetic) through the intervening space between
neighboring or adjacent conductors, coils, or other circuit
elements.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for use of coil transformers for superposing
electrostatic or induced current signals upon lines already
carrying ordinary Morse or other signaling current.
64 for use of induction-coils, transformers, etc., for
current intensifying systems where the only space induction,
is between the primary and secondary coils or is incidental
and inconsequential and the object of the invention is
current intensification and not space transmission by
induction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Wave
transmission systems having claims for conductors or lines
loaded with inductance coils, condensers, etc., for
preventing or diminishing attenuation or distortion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
46 for loading coils, per se.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
174, Electricity: Conductors and Insulators, 32 for
structural arrangements of conductors for anti-inductive
purposes.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, particularly
subclass 23 for artificial lines that may simulate loaded
lines, and subclasses 236+ for smooth transmission lines
having distributed parameters.
343, Communications: Radio Wave Antennas, 749 for antennas
with a lumped reactance for loading the antenna; subclass 802
for doublet type antennas with distributed reactance added to
the arms; and subclass 828 for fractional, multiple or full
wave length linear type antennas with a nonuniformity in the
antenna.
428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, subclass 592
for metallic stock material of helical configuration or
having a helical component.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems in which
vibrating means, reeds, tuning forks, diaphragms, or rotary
circuit interrupters, etc., are utilized in transmitting or
receiving undulating currents and fundamentally characterized
by the production of musical tones easily distinguishable
from one another, so that a plurality of messages may be
simultaneously transmitted over the same line.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
51 for simultaneous transmission of currents of different
frequency, with tuned or resonant circuits, and usually
generated by alternating current machines or equivalent.
82 for so-called "auto-dot" transmitters for transmitting
dots by vibrating or reed circuit closers or interrupters.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
84, Music, 723 for electric music instruments provided with
a tuned sound wave generator, which may be used to produce
electric currents or potentials of a particular wave form.
200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and Breakers, 19.01 for
periodically actuated switches.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, 186 for wave
filters of the electromechanical transducer type.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, 78 for electromagnetically operated
periodic switches.
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for transformer
and inductive reactor structure, and especially 130 and the
subclasses specified in the Notes thereto, for inductor
devices which have a movable core (e.g., vibrating reed,
etc.).
340, Communications: Electrical, 825.38 for party line
selective systems, not restricted to telegraphy, utilizing
needs.
379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 180 for application
of reeds to call systems in telephony.

This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Receiving or
recording instruments for harmonic systems, generally
comprising a vibratory element electromagnetically actuated
by the pulsating, intermittent, or wave currents peculiar to
harmonic systems and employed for interpreting or recording
messages.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Composite
systems and combinations of two or more distinct systems of
transmission, usually by employing currents of different
character for signaling, though not limited thereto. The
superposed currents are generally produced by induction upon
a line already carrying ordinary Morse or make and break
current.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
44 for wave transmitting systems having means to diminish or
prevent distortion or attenuation, and especially applicable
to long lines, cables, and systems having large capacity or
inductance.
47 for simultaneous transmission of messages by harmonic or
tone telegraphy.
51 for resonant circuits tuned by inductance or capacity, or
both, to receive currents of particular frequencies.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Devices, appropriate subclasses for the
structure of transformers and inductive reactors.
370, Multiplex Communications, appropriate subclasses,
particularly subclass 496, 527, and 529 wherein a signaling
or nonsignaling information is superposed on a main
information in a multiplex communication system.
379, Telephonic Communications, 37 for protective signalling
over a telephone line, subclasses 90+ for the combination of
a diverse system of current transmission and a telephone
system, subclasses 108+ for alternative use of a telephone or
a telegraph over the same line.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems in which
the message transmitted by current impulses or variations is
recorded by the chemical or electrolytic action resulting
therefrom; also recorders for recording code messages on
chemically or specially prepared surfaces through the
chemical change or electrolytic action produced by the
impulses or current transmitted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for chemical systems having automatic transmitters,
particularly subclass 11 for formation or production of
records by successive-line apparatus.
89 and appropriate indented subclasses for features common
to code-recorders.
111 for chemically prepared tapes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
205, Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and
Methods of Preparing the Compositions, 52 for electrolytic
processes of recording messages. The systems or other
apparatus specialized for carrying out such processes are to
be found in this class (178), subclass 62.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems adapted
to the transmission of code signals over cables or long
lines, involving large electric capacity and usually
characterized by the use of reversals of current in
transmission, clearing line, eliminating "tailings", static
compensation, etc.; also because of analogy of means all
current reversing telegraph systems not otherwise
classifiable.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
16 for automatic current reversing systems.
44 for wave transmitting systems having means to diminish or
prevent distortion or attenuation, and especially applicable
to long lines, cables, and systems involving large capacity
or inductances.
55 for quadruplex systems.
58 for duplex systems.
69 for line clearing systems, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems for
transmitting messages by induced currents having an
induction-coil or transformer, usually with its primary in a
local circuit, with the transmitter and its secondary in the
main line; also includes systems utilizing induction-coils or
transformers between sections of the main line.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
43 for systems transmitting messages through appreciable
space by induction between lines, coils, or other elements.
47 for harmonic or tone telegraphy employing circuit
interrupting transmitters or vibrating receivers.
49 for use of transformer or induction-coil in
superposed-current signaling.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
336, Inductor Device, appropriate subclasses for the
structure of transformers and inductive reactors.
379, Telephonic Communications, 37 for protective signalling
over a telephone line, subclasses 90+ for the combination of
a diverse system of current transmission and a telephone
system, subclasses 108+ for alternative use of a telephone or
a telegraph over the same line.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems not
otherwise classifiable employing dynamo or magneto-electric
machine-generated currents and claiming dynamo or
magneto-electric machine structure or arrangements specific
to teles:graphic use and in combination with telegraph
systems or instruments.

Alternating or pulsating current:
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems using
alternating, pulsating, sine, or similar wave currents in the
transmission of messages, but excluding harmonic or reed
systems (defined in subclass 47).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
49 for alternating current transmitting means employed in
superposed current telegraphy.
63 for systems employing reversal of current and pole
changers for reversing currents.
69 for prevention of leakage, induction, and "tailings" and
for capacity compensation, etc., and not otherwise specific
to duplex or a quadruplex or cable systems.

Modified semicycle:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66.1. Alternating
current systems in which messages are sent by suppressing,
reversing, augmenting, or otherwise modifying one or more
halves of the sine or similar wave cycles on one or the other
side of the line of zero potential, in accordance with a
predetermined code.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Systems having
means for clearing the line of static charges, preventing
"tailings", neutralizing the residual magnetism of
instruments, neutralizing inductance, adjusting against
leakage, and in general maintaining the line circuit in
normal condition, and though adapted to capacity or cable
systems not limited thereto; also systems having means for
preventing the detrimental effects produced by induction from
external or internal causes and not specific to any
particular system.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
3 for automatic telegraph systems.
16 for automatic current reversing systems.
44 for long line type transmission systems and coupling
devices therefor.
45 for loaded line systems.
46 for loading coils, per se.
55 and 58+, for similar means involved in quadruplex and
duplex systems, respectively.
63 for combinations of such apparatus in and with specific
systems of telegraphy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, 89
for systems of transmitting electricity having means for
preventing induction or coupling to other electrical
systems.
333, Wave Transmission Lines and Networks, subclass 12 for
transmission line inductive or radiation interference
reduction systems.
379, Telephonic Communications, subclass 398 and 415 for
anti-inductive systems or devices for telephony.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Means for
signaling a remote operator, who, in response to such
signaling connects the recorder.
(1) Note. This subclass includes cross references of
patents directed to other systems but including such means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Means
whereby the relay, sounder, or recorder on the opening and
closing of another circuit with which it is suitably
connected is caused to repeat the signals received into
another line or circuit. Repeaters of this subclass
establish direct communication between distant stations or
connect branch and main lines and operate in but one
direction at a time and require the services of an attendant
for changing the direction of the operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
56 for repeaters adapted to quadruplex telegraphy.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
330, Amplifiers, appropriate subclasses for amplifiers of
various types, particularly subclass 61 for those operating
on the principle of the microphone.
335, Electricity: Magnetically Operated Switches, Magnets,
and Electromagnets, appropriate subclasses for
electromagnetically operated circuit controllers generally,
and 220 for electromagnets with armatures.
340, Communications: Electrical, subclass 291 for signal
box system repeaters, such as those which repeat signals
arriving at a central to a plurality of fire houses.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 236 for
speed controlled systems, subclasses 139+ for electromagnetic
device control circuits, and subclass 211 for
nonelectromagnetic relay control circuits.
375, Pulse or Digital Communications, 211 for pulse
repeaters.
379, Telephonic Communications 338 for two way repeaters,
specific to telephone work and usually operating on the
principle of the microphone by varying the renewal current by
variable contact pressure.
455, Telecommunications, 7 for analog modulated carrier wave
repeaters.

Automatic in either direction:
This subclass is indented under subclass 70. Telegraph
repeater R which operates in either direction without the
interposition or aid of an operator at the repeating
station.

Distributor:
This subclass is indented under subclass 71.1. Telegraph
repeater having a signal supply means which rotates for
successively connecting lines, or having switches which are
selectively controlled by a code selection mechanism (e.g.,
keyboard).

This subclass is indented under subclass 71. Automatic
repeaters in which the relay armature of the outgoing circuit
is mechanically held by locks, catches, stops, etc., from
breaking the circuit when the receiving relay opens the
circuit.

This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Subcombinations of systems or local circuit arrangements not
amounting to systems nor specific to any particular type of
system.
(1) Note. This subclass includes branch connections.

This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Telegraph instruments structurally united in one or capable
of performing the functions of two or more separate
instruments, except combinations with transmitters,
separately classified under "Code-transmitters."

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
80 for structural combinations of code-transmitters with
some other telegraph instrument.
81 for transmitters combined with typewriters.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
399, Electrophotography, 1 for a combination of
electrophotos:graphic devices with diverse subject matter.

This subclass is indented under subclass 77. Compact
arrangements of telegraph instruments or sets combining
devices and connections for tapping lines and transmitting or
receiving messages.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
379, Telephonic Communications, 419 for telephone sets.
439, Electrical Connectors, for a detachable connector
adapted to be permanently secured to a connector; and see
especially 477 for an overhead line type connector having a
handle or manipulating means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Devices for making and breaking the circuit in predetermined
and fixed manner in accordance with code signals and
involving a specific structure for each key or other
transmitting element, whereby each transmits a different
signal, thereby enabling a code or a message to be
transmitted by their successive action at the will of the
operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for automatic transmitters.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
340, Communications: Electrical, 307 for transmitters
utilized with signal box systems.
341, Coded Data Generation or Conversion, 20 and 173+ for a
pulse code transmitter.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclass
245 for pole changing transmitters and pole changers of the
magnet and lever type energized by a local circuit controlled
by a manually operated key or equivalent.

This subclass is indented under subclass 80. Means for
transmitting signals and printing the message simultaneously
at the same station and comprising typewriters having
electromechanical devices or attachments to or for
typewriters.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Transmitters
having means for producing one or more dots, as may be
desired, and automatically as long as a key or lever is held
in one position and a dash of desired length by placing or
holding it in another position, the automatic dot means
comprising a vibrator of some type.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
47 for other types of vibrating transmitters or receivers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Electromagnetic
instruments for making a visible record of dots and dashes or
other code messages on a suitable recording surface, usually
a paper strip or tape.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
17 for recorders adapted to automatic systems.
25 for page printing systems.
36 for printing recorders.
48 for receivers and recorders peculiar to harmonic or tone
telegraphy.
62 for recorders operated by chemical action.

This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Code recorders
in which the record is made by photography.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:
15 for automatic systems with photos:graphic recorder.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
358, Facsimile and Static Presentation Processing, 302 for
facsimile systems with photos:graphic recorders.
386, Television Signal Processing for Dynamic Recording or
Reproducing, subclass 30, 42+, and 128+ for photos:graphic
television recording or reproducing, particularly subclasses
38 and 117 for video apparatus combined with camera for
recording television signal.

This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Code-recorders
in which the tape has a lateral movement, usually toward the
recording element, in addition to the longitudinal feed
movement.
(1) Note. See search data under subclass 42 in this class.

This subclass is indented under subclass 88. Devices usually
comprising an electromagnet and armature for producing
distinct audible signals in conformity to the code employed
and characterized by some acoustical properties.

Private (e.g., acoustically shielded):
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Subject matter
which restricts the sounds produced to the recipient of the
signal.
(1) Note. The sound restriction is generally produced by a
sound blocking device.

This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Manually operated lever instruments for making and breaking
the circuit to transmit at will dash or dot or code signals.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
116, Signals and Indicators, subclass 18 for mechanical
instruments or devices for simulating code signals.
361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, 139 for
control circuits for electromagnetic devices. See subclass
211 for nonelectromagnetic relay control circuit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Telegraph keys
in which the lever, finger button, or contacts may be
adjusted or swung around to facilitate transmission with
either hand or to vary its movements to prevent hand
fatigue.

This subclass is indented under subclass 101. Telegraph keys
having one or more of the contacts movable or revoluble, so
that the points of contact may be renewed when they are
roughened or burned by heavy currents or use.

This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Specially prepared strips adapted to receive or to transmit a
record of code signals. Includes sensitized and chemically
prepared tapes, as well as those having structural features
adapted for use in either recording or transmitting code
signals.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
84, Music, subclass 115 for automatic selectors of the
winding and rewinding type; subclass 146 for trackers and
sheets for automatic selectors; and subclass 161 for note
sheets for automatic selectors, for use in automatic musical
instruments.
400, Typewriting Machines, 191 for inking ribbons specific
to or adapted to typewriters.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
84, Music, subclass 115 for automatic selectors; subclass
122 for automatic selectors of the winding and rewinding type
subclass 146 for trackers and sheets for automatic selectors;
and subclass 161 for note sheets for automatic selectors, for
use in automatic musical instruments.

This subclass is indented under the class definition.
Supporting stands adapted to facilitate connecting up or
manipulating telegraph instruments or arrangements thereof
specific to telegraphy and not otherwise classifiable.

Spark gap or arc discharge:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66.1. Subject
matter wherein a transmitter employs the negative-resistance
characteristics of an arc or the oscillatory discharge of a
capacitor through an inductor and a spark gap as a source of
radio frequency oscillations.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:
307, Electrical Transmission or Interconnection Systems, 106
for pulse producing systems which may employ a spark gap for
discharging a condenser.
313, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices, appropriate
subclasses for spark gap or arc devices, per se.
314, Electric Lamp and Discharge Devices: Consumable
Electrodes, appropriate subclasses for spark gap devices with
consumable electrodes.
331, Oscillators, subclass 127 for oscillators of the spark
or open arc type.
332, Modulators, appropiate subclasses for modulators of the
spark or open arc type.

Coherer:
This subclass is indented under subclass 66.1. Subject
matter including a variable resistance device consisting of
loosely packed conductive particles placed between two
electrodes, the resistance of the conductive path between the
electrodes being a function of an applied electric field.

With electron tube or solid-state device:
This subclass is indented under subclass 118. Subject matter
which contains an active element such as a transistor or
electron space discharge device.

FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS

The definitions for FOR 100 through FOR 103 below correspond
to the definitions of the abolished subclasses under Class
178 from which these collections were formed. See the
Foreign Art Collections in the Class 178 schedule for
specific correspondences. {Note: The titles and definitions
for indented art collections include all the details of the
one(s) that are hierarchically superior.}

Subclass: FOR 100

Foreign art collections for systems for producing at the
receiver a facsimile of the handwriting, drawing, etc., made
by the operator in manipulating the pen of the transmitting
instrument.

Subclass: FOR 101

Foreign art collections for writing systems employing
alternating current with or without an independent motor.

Subclass: FOR 102

Foreign art collections for writing systems employing a
direct current varied by the motions of the stylus in
writing.

Subclass: FOR 103

Foreign art collections for code transmitters in which code
characters or contacts are conveniently arranged on a tablet,
the other contact being on a movable hand-controlled stylus;
also inventions in tablets or styluses, per se, specific to
telegraphy.