Gypsum deposit:
History: Gypsum in Tucuman is located within the stratigraphic column, in the upper strata of tertiary, usually accompanying the oolitic limestone, interacting with clayey sediments of color greenish-Brown.
Are presented in various varieties, such as fibrous concrecionales robes and partially crystallized type Selenite, sacaroide (Alabaster), etc...
The Tertiary of Tucumán presents the clay series that totals 11 bitumen, cineritas, marl, limestone and sandstones, interbedded with gypsum and limestone.
Gypsum banks reach thicknesses variables, coming in part to occur more than 1 meter.
Vipos Gypsum is interspersed in a Brown arcillita, which has certain desiccation cracks by where there are eflorecences of sodium sulfate (Mirabilite) in radiated groupings. The Selenite fill the subglacial of stratification of sediments in the form of thin slices.
In the area of Vipos, gypsum is presented in masse in the Brown Clay, with a variety of fine grain medium and fibrous, being exploited today for supply of cement factories.
Chemical analysis of gypsum Vipos:
Silicon dioxide (SiO2): 7.46 g.%
Calcium sulfate (SO4Ca.2H2O): 84.28 g.%
Ferric oxides and aluminous ((Fe2O3 - Al2O3): 5.20 g.%
Indeterminate: 3.06 g.%

Mirabilite-Thenardite:
This sodium sulfate was presented in an outcrop of some centimeters, in the best of cases reaching 30 centimeters or more in the town of Vipos in the Trancas Department in the form of patches, powder of white color on the surface, filling the cracks, especially marginal clay material.
This sulfate in contact with the foreign present efflorescence and pervades the sediment in the form of white powder, being common in the green-brown clay of training, especially in the winter time.
The Mirabilite appears in a small Anticline near vertex Northwest to form the intersection of the Vipos River and the railway bridge, at distance 440 meters and direction on ground North - West 1.25 degrees and 790 m above sea level, of this point. The formation is represented by the upper part of the Tertiary, characterized by the presence of clay material from Brown and greenish, appear interspersed some banks of Gypsum in the brown clay especially.
As already mentioned the Mirabilite appears in the crevices of the material clay in the form of radiated and needle-like groupings. In contact with the surface these efflorescence concentrations and they permeate the sediment of a white powder.
The presence of Thenardite as efflorescence on Gypsum and Clay is the product of dehydration of the Mirabilite which is dehydrated to Thenardite in dry air.

Geodes:
Sediment tertiary faults are geodes with boulders of sandstone, quartz and basic vulcanites. The geodes grow to 10 cm although in general they are between 3 and 6 cm in diameter. There are two varieties, one of coarse-grained and microcrystalline. In the variety of coarse-grained quartz is transparent and well crystallized with Prism completed in combination of romboedros although some specimens has not developed the Prism. The crystals are between 2 and 4 mm and is impantan in bands of microcrystalline quartz of bluish gray to gray color of 2 to 3 mm thick. In microcrystalline varieties texture is botrioidal and concentric bands of white, white colors grey and dark blue to black. Internally there may be small crystals.

Cinerite:
Cineritic material forming robes, is located in the Vipos area, about 2 kilometers south of the local railroad station next to the same tracks. The area was visited in the 1960s being able to verify that this Cinerite is interspersed in despicable and partly Sandy silty material cloaks. You could count up to 6 sheets with an average thickness of 0.20 to 0.25 meters. Macroscopically is white, in parts quite pure and sometimes something gritty, with abundant lamellae of mica and gypsum sandwiched. Outliers have little visible expansion and an inclination which would oblige certain scale for a farm work.

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