In this section

HANLEY CASTLE

Hanley Castle, which appears to have been known
alternatively as Potters' Hanley, (fn. 1) is a large parish,
and until 1894, when the parish of Malvern Wells
was formed from it, (fn. 2) stretched from the River
Severn on the east to the Malvern Hills on the west.

The parish, exclusive of Malvern Wells, has an
area of 4,423 acres, of which 1,098 acres are arable
land, 2,860 pasture and 360 woods. (fn. 3) The soil is
loam, clay and gravel and the subsoil Keuper Marls.
Wheat, barley, oats and beans are grown. The fishpond at Hanley was repaired in 1172–3. (fn. 4) Near
the river the land is low and liable to floods, but it
rises gradually to the Malvern Hills. The Ashchurch,
Tewkesbury and Malvern branch of the Midland
railway has a station at Malvern Wells. On the
high road from Worcester to Upton are three ancient
crosses at distances of about half a mile from each
other.

Pool House, Hanley Castle

Mere Brook drains the southern part of the parish;
it formerly provided the water for the castle moat.
As Pool Brook it falls into the Severn near Pool
House, a square brick house of the early 18th century, two stories in height with an attic floor in the
roof. In the 16th century Pool House was held
by the Badger family of the lords of the manor. (fn. 5)
From the village Quay Lane leads down to the
river, which is here crossed by a ferry. Before the
time of railways there was an important wharf here
from which all manner of merchandise was supplied
to south Worcestershire and a large part of Herefordshire. The Grammar School stands to the northeast of the church and bears an inscription stating
that it was founded in 1544, restored in 1733 and
enlarged in 1868 and 1909. The oldest part has
a picturesque elevation overlooking the churchyard
with three gables, the middle one only being original.

Severn End (fn. 6) is situated on a slight elevation about
half a mile to the north-east of Hanley Castle village,
close to the right bank of the Severn. The house
was probably originally built by Richard Lechmere
in the latter part of the 15th century, but it was
altered in the 16th century, most likely by his grandson Richard, and considerable additions were made
between the years 1656 and 1673 by Sir Nicholas
Lechmere, as recorded below. From the death of
Sir Nicholas in 1701 down to 1896 the house and
its surroundings remained almost unaltered, the only
changes being the introduction of sash windows in
the 18th century and the inclosing of the courtyard
on the east side by walls and iron palisading. In
1805 the Lechmeres took up their residence at Rhydd
Court, which was built a little before this date, and
from that year down to about 1895 Severn End was
chiefly occupied as a farm-house, but stood vacant for
many years. Sir Edmund Lechmere had been in
residence but a short time when, on 24 October
1896, the building was almost destroyed by fire, little
more than the brick walls being left standing, but
was rebuilt in the following year, nearly all the original
features being reproduced. While retaining, therefore, all the picturesqueness of an Elizabethan and
Jacobean mansion, the house is largely a modern
structure. Internally the building had but little
architectural interest, although there were, here and
there, bits of good detail. The greater part of the
house was occupied by passages and staircases, there
being no less than eleven staircases altogether, though
many of the rooms were passage rooms. 'There was
a high barrier across the landing of the back staircase
over which one had to climb or otherwise to descend
to the ground level in order to get from one part to
another,' (fn. 7) and the chapel was in the roof.

At the time of the restoration, when the débris
was removed, many ancient features were revealed
showing the various
changes that had
been effected in
the house from the
end of the 15th to
the middle of the
17th century. As
erected at the end
of the 15th century the house
seems to have followed the usual
H-type of plan
facing west and
east, the end wings,
however, having a
very slight projection on the west
side. The hall
occupies the middle
wing with the living
rooms at the north
end and the kitchen
and offices at the
south. The lower
parts of the two
chimneys, which form so characteristic a feature of
the east front, were found to be constructed of bricks
very different in character from those in the later
portions of the house, and similar work occurs in
the lower part of the north-west chimney. The
original hall, which had an open timber roof, may
have included both the fireplaces on its east side,
between which was a recessed doorway flush with
the inner wall of the house. It is, however, possible
that this doorway marked the position of the screens,
and that the hall only occupied the northern half of
the middle wing. However that may be, the alterations in the latter half of the 16th century must have
effected a great change in the appearance of the
building, the roofs then being raised to allow of new
bedrooms both over the hall and end wings. At
least four of the chimneys seem to have been altered
at this time, additional fireplaces being formed on
the first floor, and separate flues where possible
obtained, though some did duty for two or more
fireplaces.

Plan Of Severn End, Hanley Castle, In 1896

The chief alterations made by Sir Nicholas Lechmere are the two brick wings on the east side inclosing
the Green Court. His diary records that in 1656
he began by building a new kitchen and bake-house
with rooms over. These comprise the south end of
the house beyond the older kitchen, but it is possible
that they were not an entirely new building. When
dismantled in 1897 the outer walls seemed to be of
older date and those of a one-story annexe. It is
possible, therefore, that Sir Nicholas adapted this to
a kitchen and bake-house and added rooms above.
The walls of the upper story were of timber framing,
but had been encased in brick at a later period.
In the same year (1656) Sir Nicholas built the north
wall of the garden and certain out-offices, and in
1657 he continued the garden wall along the west
and south sides of the house. The great barn on
the north side was erected in 1658, and in 1659 a
wall 'extending from the corner of the stable to the
parlour chimney' was built. A pavilion or 'study'
was erected in the south-west corner of the garden in
1661, and in 1662 a raised terrace within the east
wall of the garden, called the 'Mount Walk,' was
finished. More important works, however, were
begun about 1668, when a large cellar was formed
under the buttery and the two chimneys on the east
side were built in their present form, the middle
part of the east front then assuming the aspect it has
since preserved. (fn. 8) Before this time the doorway stood
back about 4 ft. 6 in. from the face of the chimneys.
In 1670 Sir Nicholas built a 'new brick gable,'
which may have been that at the north-west corner
of the house, and about the same time another brick
gable was erected in place of the timber work over
the east side of the hall, the timber and stucco style
being now apparently finally abandoned. The brick
wings which form so notable a feature in the east
elevation were begun in 1673, and after their completion the house remained, as before stated, with but
little alteration down to the time of the fire. A
pigeon-house was erected to the east of the barn in
1677 and a brew-house and malt-house in 1681.

As completed by Sir Nicholas Lechmere the
buildings are grouped on three sides of a quadrangle
called the Green Court, which is open on the east
side towards the river. The brick wings project
42 ft. and are 19 ft. in width, and like the rest of the
house are three stories in height, the top story having
a series of curved gables. The whole of the south
wing was gutted in the fire of 1896, the north wing
escaping with less damage. All the roofs are covered
with red tiles and the general effect of the house
with its contrasting colouring in brick, timber and
plaster, its numerous gables and clustered chimneys,
and its regular yet well broken up plan and skyline, is
exceedingly picturesque. The east front between the
wings is 65 ft. in length, but the south wing is swung
outwards about 2 ft., increasing the width of the court
towards the east. The court extends beyond the
wings about 30 ft., giving it an area of about 76 ft.
by 67 ft. The middle portion of the front is a
regular composition of three timber and plaster gables,
the middle one over the entrance flanked by the two
brick chimneys, each with double shafts. The spout
heads bear the arms of Lechmere and the date 1673,
but the majority are restorations.

The west side of the house, which was originally
the entrance front, is perhaps less picturesque and
even more entirely restored. The end wings with
their wide gables project only very slightly, but the
central portion containing the entrance and staircase
stands 12 ft. in front of the main wall and has
oversailing stories, the upper one standing well above
the main roof and finishing with three small gables.
The front is almost entirely of timber and plaster and
the composition is very regular, the two wide end gables
leading up to the three higher middle ones with a
stretch of red roof between broken by dormer windows.
All the timber framing is of a constructional character
with plain upright and diagonal pieces, but the bargeboards, sills and corbels are all more or less enriched
with moulding and carving, carrying out as far as
possible the old design. The brick gable at the north
end has been reconstructed in timber.

The plan here reproduced shows the house as it was
before the fire. The through passage has since been
thrown into the hall, which now measures 28 ft. 6 in.
by 20 ft. 6 in., and the old buttery (afterwards the
servants' hall) is now the drawing room with the
passage on its east side. The former kitchen is now
the dining room, and the kitchen occupies the place
of the dairy in the south wing. The old dining
and drawing rooms in the north wing are now respectively the billiard room and library, and other minor
alterations have been made in the plan. The principal staircase is that in the north wing, and the
room adjoining (the former drawing room) retains
its original plaster ceiling divided by moulded beams
into sixteen ornamental panels—the only original
ceiling left in the house, though others are careful
reproductions of the old work. Some of the walls
in this part of the house were found to be of heavy
timber framing clearly older than Sir Nicholas
Lechmere's time and certainly as old as the dining
room. The old north wing may therefore have extended some distance eastward, Sir Nicholas, perhaps,
only rebuilding its outer walls and extending it
another bay. The former dining room—the withdrawing room of the original house—is 28 ft. long
by 17 ft. 6 in. wide and had an enriched plaster
ceiling in twenty-four panels. The fireplace, like
those in other parts of the house, had been altered
about 1673, a black marble chimneypiece having
been inserted, but the stonework of the old opening
was revealed after the fire.

On the first floor the alterations in the plan were
more extensive in order to avoid passing from one
room to another. Two of the rooms, known respectively as the King's Room and the Duke's Room, are
wainscoted their full height. There are now four
staircases instead of eleven, each going to the top of
the house. Two of these are restorations, while another
is a reconstruction in a slightly different position.

The garden pavilion built by Sir Nicholas Lechmere
was restored in 1858 and was uninjured by the fire.
It is an interesting brick and stone building of two
stories, the lower open by two round arches to the
north. It has a hipped tiled roof. The barn and
pigeon-house are also standing, the former timberframed with brick filling and the latter a rectangular
brick building with end gables and central revolving
ladder.

A little to the north of Severn End is Rhydd
Court, where there is a private chapel built by
Sir E. A. H. Lechmere in 1864. Near Rhydd
Court is Blackmore Park, the seat of the Duke
Gandolfi of the Papal Court, lord of the manor of
Hanley Castle. The present house, which is of brick
in the late Tudor style, was built in 1881–3, an older
house, built in 1862, having been entirely burnt down
in 1880. Near the park gates are the remains of a
moat. A private chapel adjoining the house, erected
in 1878, dedicated to the Sacred Heart, escaped the
fire. (fn. 9) Near the entrance to the park is the Roman
Catholic church of Our Blessed Lady and St. Alfonsus,
designed by A. W. N. Pugin, built by Mr. J. W.
Hornyold in 1846.

The greater part of the parish is occupied by
farms, most of which have the local termination
'End.' Such are Gilbert's End, Blackmore End,
North End, Picken End, Robert's End. Near
Gilbert's End is Hanley Hall, now a farm-house,
but once a manor, the seat of the Hanley family, the
chief foresters of the chase. (fn. 10) It has a simple timber
and plaster front with gables at either end, and is
probably of 16th-century date, though parts of the
walls may be older. The building is not large and
consists of two stories with red tiled roofs and brick
chimneys. Seen across the large pond on its western
side the house groups in a very picturesque way
with its surroundings. A panelled room, now much
reduced in size, is said to have been where prisoners
were tried for offences committed in the forest. (fn. 11) It
has a fine carved oak chimneypiece of 16th-century
date. At Robert's End is a monastery belonging to
the order of Redemptorists, opened in 1846. (fn. 12) Near
it there is a pound.

The Shire Ditch, on the ridge of the Malvern
Hills, was made about 1287 by Gilbert de Clare
Earl of Gloucester to separate his lands from those of
the Bishop of Hereford. (fn. 13)

The common lands in this parish were inclosed by
Act of Parliament, 1794–5, the award being made
in 1797. The Act was amended in 1816–17 and
another award was made in 1818. (fn. 14)

Among the distinguished natives of Hanley Castle
are John Asgill, an eccentric writer of the 17th
century, (fn. 15) and Dr. John Baron, master of Balliol
1705–22. (fn. 16)

Malvern Wells, a flourishing suburb of Great
Malvern, lies at the foot of the Malvern Hills.
Having been made a separate ecclesiastical parish from
Hanley Castle in 1836, (fn. 17) it was in 1894, under the
name of South Malvern, formed into a civil parish
out of the part of Hanley Castle which lay in Great
Malvern Urban District. It was renamed Malvern
Wells and extended to include other parts of Hanley
Castle in 1896 and 1898. (fn. 18) Here are the famous
Holy Well and the Eye Well whose curative properties
for diseases of the eye are mentioned in 1622. (fn. 19) The
Well House was built by Thomas Charles Hornyold
in 1843. Near Malvern Wells station are the Worcestershire Golf Links.

CASTLE

The castle at Hanley, which stood to
the south of the village in the south-east
corner of the parish, about half a mile
from the right bank of the Severn, was built by King
John. (fn. 28) The work was probably begun about 1210,
for from that date until 1212 sums are entered on
the Pipe Rolls as having been expended in work at
the king's houses of Hanley. (fn. 29) King John stayed
here in July 1209 and November 1213. (fn. 30) In
1211–12 assizes were held at the castle. (fn. 31) It was
excepted from the grant of the manor (see-below)
to Geoffrey de Mandeville in 1214, (fn. 32) and its custody was granted in 1216 to Roger Clifford, jun. (fn. 33)
It was given by Henry III to Gilbert de Clare, (fn. 34)
and then followed the descent of the manor (fn. 35)
until it was surrendered by Hugh le Despencer to
King Edward II, who appointed Malcolm Musard
and William Payn wardens in 1321. (fn. 36) A letter
written by Edward I from Hanley is preserved, (fn. 37) and
from 1291 to 1327 there are accounts for work done
at the houses of Blackmore and Hanley. (fn. 38) During
the rebellion against the Despencers Hanley Castle
was attacked and damaged. (fn. 39) The king appointed
wardens till 1328. (fn. 40) A schedule dated 1327 gives a
list of arms and ammunition in the castle and includes
'nails and wood prepared for raising a chapel' there. (fn. 41)
The castle was granted with the manor in 1330 to
Roger Earl of March, (fn. 42) and apparently restored in
1331 to William la Zouche and his wife, though it is
not mentioned in the Patent, for Eleanor died seised
of it in 1337. (fn. 43) Some extensions were apparently
made about 1349, when houses are mentioned as
having been lately built there. (fn. 44) The castle was at
that time assigned to Elizabeth widow of Hugh le
Despencer as her dwelling-place. (fn. 45) In 1416 Eleanor
widow of Richard le Despencer had a third of it
assigned to her in dower, viz., a great room at the
end of the hall to the west with two towers of stone
and a third of the pantry and buttery under the said
room, two rooms called 'les Guestenchambres,' three
towers in the south with a fourth in the corner of
the castle towards the south, a third part of the bakehouse and kitchen also in the said corner, and a third
of the palisade and moat adjacent to the said four
towers towards the south. She was also to have free
access to the chapel. (fn. 46) Henry, afterwards Duke of
Warwick, was born here in 1425 and died here
twenty-one years later. (fn. 47) Constables of the castle
were appointed by the Crown during the minority of
Edward son of George Duke of Clarence. (fn. 48) In
1480–1 the gate-house, drawbridge, pool, mill and
floodgate were repaired, the sum spent amounting to
£4 17s. 10d. (fn. 49) The chapel is again mentioned in
the next year, when it and the kitchen were repaired. (fn. 50)
The castle was surrendered with the manor to the
Crown in 1487, (fn. 51) and the last entry of repairs occurs
in the following year. (fn. 52) Constables were appointed
until 1512, (fn. 53) but soon after this the castle must have
fallen into decay. Leland describes it as much dilapidated. Hanley, he says, 'is an uplandisch Towne.
The Castelle standith in a Parke at the Weste Parte
of the Towne. Syr John Savage and his Fauther and
grauntfather lay much aboute Hanley and Theokysbyri
as Keepers of Hanley. The Erles of Gloster were
owners of this castel and lay much there. Mr. Cometon
clene defacid it yn his tyme beyng keeper of it after
Savage.' (fn. 54)

Clare. Or three cheverons gules.

Despencer. Argent quartered with gules fretty or a bend sable over all.

The castle is not mentioned in the grant of the
manor to Lord Clinton or in subsequent deeds, (fn. 55) but
the ruins are said to have belonged to Roland Badger (fn. 56)
in the 16th century.

Habington writes of the castle in the middle of
the 17th century, 'This Castell where the Earls of
Gloucester lived, and the Duke of Warwick dyed, is
so vanished as there appearethe nothinge in that place
but a littell rubbyshe and a seelly barne.' (fn. 57) No
traces of the building now remain. Nash states that
it was a large square structure with four towers, surrounded by a moat, with the keep in the north-west
corner. (fn. 58) The masonry of the only remaining tower
is said to have been removed in 1795 by Thomas
Hornyold to repair the bridge at Upton upon Severn.
The line of the moat is still visible. A modern house
which stood on some portion of the site was destroyed
by fire in January 1904.

CHASE AND PARKS

The lords of Hanley Castle were
chief lords of Malvern Chase, for
which they held a court. They
had a customary rent called 'Wodepeny.' (fn. 59) The woods in this parish were Hanley
Park, Blackmore (or Erlesmore) Park, Cliffy Wood (fn. 60)
and four smaller woods, Baldenhall, (fn. 61) Cleres, Bruerne
(or Brewarne) and Southwood. (fn. 62) The following is
the description of the 'Wood of Hanley' in 1086:
'The wood is 5 leagues in length and (as much in)
breadth. It is separated from the manor. There
is a hawk's eyrie there, and a forester holds half a
virgate of land.' (fn. 63) Another entry refers to 'the wood
in which there is a haia.' (fn. 64) The woods followed
the descent of the manor. In 1291 an agreement
was made between the Bishop of Worcester and the
Earl of Gloucester, by which the bishop allowed the
earl to maintain the Shire Ditch in return for a gift
of deer from the chase of Malvern, to be received
annually at the gate of the castle of Hanley. (fn. 65)

In 1315 Hanley Park was worth 10s. a year in
herbage for the game. (fn. 66) It was broken into in 1347
and many of the deer were carried away. (fn. 67) It was
enlarged about 1472 by the inclosure of certain
of the tenants' lands. (fn. 68) Under Henry VII and
Henry VIII the office of master of the parks was
held by the constable of the castle, (fn. 69) but the office of
keeper of the separate parks and woods was a different
appointment. (fn. 70) In 1545 Hanley Park was 250 acres
in extent; it was granted with the manor to Lord
Clinton. (fn. 71) It was not included in the grant to John
Hornyold, but is said to have belonged to the Badger
family. (fn. 72) In 1606 Sir Francis Clare was appointed
keeper of Hanley Park for life. (fn. 73) Hanley Park is
not, however, marked on Speed's map, and when
Malvern Chase was sold in 1631 the park seems to
have been included as that part of the chase which
lay in Hanley. (fn. 74)

Blackmore Wood is mentioned in 1262. (fn. 75) It was
imparked shortly before 1349. (fn. 76) Henry VIII gave
Blackmore Park to John Hornyold, (fn. 77) who in 1548,
and again in the reign of Mary, had disputes with
the keepers of the Chase of Malvern. He accused
them of breaking into the park, overthrowing ditches
and hedges and wasting and spoiling the woods, breaking open the pound and letting loose the animals. (fn. 78)
In 1545 Blackmore Park was 290 acres in extent.
It was granted to Lord Clinton, (fn. 79) and has since
descended with the manor. (fn. 80) Cliffy Wood is first
mentioned in 1315. (fn. 81) It was cut down in that year
and again in 1347 (fn. 82) and 1359. (fn. 83) In 1545 it was
20 acres in extent (fn. 84) and was granted to Lord
Clinton. Blackmore Park and Cliffy Wood still
survive.

In the 18th century there was a small deer park
at Severn End. It was disparked about 1790 and
the deer sent to Ludford, the Charltons' seat in
Shropshire. (fn. 85) There was a warren in Hanley Park
called Blyndehey (fn. 86) in the 15th and 16th centuries.

MANORS

HANLEY originally belonged to the
lordship of Tewkesbury, (fn. 87) which was
acquired by Brictric son of Algar, a great
English thegn. (fn. 88) He is said to have been sent on an
embassy to Flanders, where he met Maud daughter
of the Count of Flanders, who wished to marry him.
He refused the alliance, and Maud, in 1053, married
William Duke of Normandy, afterwards William I. (fn. 89)
According to the legend, Brictric was arrested at his
manor of Hanley, where Bishop Wulfstan was consecrating a chapel, (fn. 90) on the day Queen Maud was
crowned, and his lands granted to the queen for life. (fn. 91)
This is not, however, borne out by the Domesday
Survey, which states that the manor had belonged to
William Fitz Osbern. (fn. 92) All Fitz Osbern's estates
were forfeited in 1074 by his son Roger, (fn. 93) and in
1086 Hanley, which was gelded at 4 hides, was in
the hands of the king. (fn. 94) William II gave Brictric's
lands to Robert son of Hamon, who married Sybil (fn. 95)
sister of Robert of Belesme. (fn. 96) Fitz Hamon died in
1107, leaving four daughters co-heirs, and Henry I,
'unwilling to divide so great an honour,' made two
of the daughters abbesses and married the youngest
to the Count of Britanny, reserving Mabel, the eldest,
for his own son Robert, (fn. 97) whom he created Earl of
Gloucester in 1121–2. (fn. 98) Robert died in 1147, and,
though he left a son William, Hanley seems to have
passed to the king. (fn. 99) The earldom was bestowed
by the king about 1186 on William's youngest
daughter and co-heir Isabel, who in 1189 married
Prince John, (fn. 100) but Hanley was not included in the
grant, for though John claimed the manor of Hanley
in right of his wife, (fn. 101) by an inquiry held in the
reign of Richard I it was proved that the manor
belonged to the Crown. (fn. 102) This is borne out by many
references on the Pipe Rolls. (fn. 103) In 1194 it is returned
among the escheated lands formerly belonging to the
Count of Mortain. (fn. 104) At the death of Richard, Hanley
passed to King John, (fn. 105) who in 1200 gave it at fee
farm to Geoffrey D'Abitot, (fn. 106) and in 1205 it was
granted to Hugh de Nevill. (fn. 107) In 1214 John gave
his divorced wife Isabel in marriage to Geoffrey de
Mandeville, and bestowed on them the honour of
Gloucester, including this manor. (fn. 108) Geoffrey and
Isabel died without issue, and Hanley was given by
Henry III, 'in the year of his coronation,' to Gilbert
de Clare, nephew and heir of Isabel, in free marriage
with the daughter of William Marshal. (fn. 109) Gilbert
was recognized as Earl of Gloucester in 1218. He
died in 1230 (fn. 110) and his son Richard died in 1262
seised of the manor of Hanley. (fn. 111) Richard's heir
Gilbert was then a minor, and his lands were in the
king's care. (fn. 112) He married Joan daughter of Edward I
and died in 1295. (fn. 113) Joan held the manor until her
death in 1307. (fn. 114) Her son Gilbert, who succeeded
her, was slain at Bannockburn in 1314, (fn. 115) his estates
devolving on his three sisters Eleanor, Margaret and
Elizabeth. (fn. 116) Eleanor wife of Hugh le Despencer
the younger succeeded to Hanley. (fn. 117) Hugh was
executed in 1326 and his widow married William
Lord Zouche of Mortimer. (fn. 118) In 1329 Eleanor was
convicted of a theft of jewels and other treasures from
the Tower, for which she and her husband pledged
their manors of Hanley, &c., to the extent of
£50,000, (fn. 119) and Hanley was granted for life to
Queen Isabel, this grant being transferred to Roger
Mortimer in 1330. (fn. 120) William and Eleanor having
paid £10,000 of the fine, their lands, including
Hanley, were restored in 1331. (fn. 121) Eleanor died
in 1337 (fn. 122) and was succeeded by her son Hugh
le Despencer. (fn. 123) He died without issue in 1349, (fn. 124)
and after the death of his widow Elizabeth, who
held in dower, (fn. 125) the manor of Hanley passed to his
nephew Edward le Despencer, (fn. 126) who died in 1375, (fn. 127)
Hanley being assigned in dower to his widow Elizabeth. (fn. 128) Edward's son Thomas was beheaded in
1400 and his son Richard le Despencer died without
issue in 1414, (fn. 129) his widow Eleanor receiving a third
of Hanley in dower. (fn. 130) Richard's sister and heir Isabel
married as her second husband Richard Beauchamp
Earl of Warwick, (fn. 131) who held in right of his wife two
fees in Hanley and Bushley in 1428 and 1431. (fn. 132)
Isabel died in 1440, (fn. 133) and from this time until 1487
this manor followed the descent of Elmley Castle. (fn. 134)
It was surrendered in 1487 by Anne Countess of
Warwick to the Crown, (fn. 135) and under Henry VII
and Henry VIII stewards of the lordships of Hanley
and Bushley were appointed. (fn. 136) Henry VIII granted
Hanley in 1545 to Lord Clinton, (fn. 137) who sold it in
1547 to Edward VI. (fn. 138) It was held by John Hornyold
in the reign of Philip and Mary, (fn. 139) but he was evidently
only a lessee, for the lordship of Hanley remained in
the Crown till the reign of Elizabeth, (fn. 140) who in 1560
granted it to John Hornyold
and Katherine his wife. (fn. 141) John
died in 1575, (fn. 142) and his son
Ralph in 1581 settled Hanley
on his wife Margaret daughter
of Richard Lygon of Madresfield. (fn. 143) Ralph was killed by
a falconer at Gloucester in
1588, (fn. 144) and was succeeded
by a son John, (fn. 145) a devoted
Royalist, who was convicted
of recusancy in 1610. (fn. 146) He
is described in a petition by
General Monck to the king
as the greatest sufferer by the
rebellion in Worcestershire.
He is said to have died in
1643, (fn. 147) and his son Thomas dealt with the manor
of Hanley in 1649. (fn. 148) Thomas, who was among the
officers whose last stand in Sidbury Street after the
battle of Worcester in 1651 did much to secure
Charles II's escape, was taken prisoner on that
occasion (fn. 149); he was found guilty of treason against the
Parliament and all his estates were sequestrated, (fn. 150) £600
worth of timber being felled on his estate at Hanley
and Blackmore to repay the losses of Alderman Elvyns
of Worcester. (fn. 151) His estates were only restored in
part at the Restoration. (fn. 152) He and his son Robert
dealt with this manor in 1681. (fn. 153) The latter died in
1712 and was buried at Hanley. (fn. 154) John (fn. 155) his son
died in 1771, at the age of ninety-two, (fn. 156) and was followed by his younger son Thomas, (fn. 157) who died in
1799, leaving a son Thomas, one of the leading
Roman Catholics of his time. (fn. 158) His son Thomas
Charles Hornyold, (fn. 159) who succeeded in 1814, (fn. 160) died
without issue in 1859, when the estates passed to
his nephew John Vincent Gandolfi, who assumed the
name and arms of Hornyold. (fn. 161) He was Marquess
and Count Gandolfi of the Genoese Republic, and
was created by Pope Gregory XVI a knight of the
Grand Cross of the Order of Christ. He died in
1902, (fn. 162) and his son Thomas Charles GandolfiHornyold, Duke and Marquess Gandolfi, knight of
the Sovereign Order of Malta (1874) and knight of
the Grand Cross of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
(1875), died in 1906, leaving a son Alfonso Otho
Gandolfi-Hornyold Duke Gandolfi, the present lord
of the manor. (fn. 163)

Hornyold. Azure a bend argent battled on both sides and charged with a wolf passant between two scallops sable.

A mill was included in the manor in 1086. (fn. 164)
Frequent entries of a windmill pertaining to the
manor are made in the 13th and 14th centuries. (fn. 165)
A water-mill is mentioned in 1359 and 1375, (fn. 166) and
in 1416 the widow of Richard le Despencer had a
third part of two mills assigned to her. (fn. 167) During the
15th century there are various references to a mill
(unspecified). (fn. 168) In 1521 and 1534 Burley Mills,
'two water-mills under one roof,' are mentioned, (fn. 169)
and there is reference to a water-mill in 1545. (fn. 170)
Burley Mills were leased in 1544 for twenty-one years
to William Pinnock and Richard Webb, (fn. 171) and were
granted with the manor in the following year to
Lord Clinton, (fn. 172) who sold them in 1546 to William
Pinnock. (fn. 173) There is now a corn-mill standing at
the south-east corner of the castle moat.

By ancient custom the vicar of Hanley received
from the manor an annual rent of 20s. (fn. 174) In 1219
Henry III changed the market day at Hanley from
Tuesday to Thursday. (fn. 175) This is the only reference
to a market here.

The estate afterwards known as the manor of
HANLEY HALL belonged in early times to the
Hanleys. Gilbert de Hanley is mentioned as a
forester in Worcestershire in 1176. (fn. 176) In 1210–12
he held a virgate of land in Hanley by serjeanty
of keeping the forest of Malvern. (fn. 177) Robert son of
Robert de Hanley occurs in 1234–51. (fn. 178) By 1240–
50 his lands had passed to Thomas de Hanley. (fn. 179) In
1280 Thomas de Hanley appears to have been one
of the chief landowners in the place. (fn. 180) He is again
mentioned as a person of some importance in 1296. (fn. 181)
Roger de Hanley was custodian of the castle 1291–
1327. (fn. 182) In 1357 John son of Roger de Hanley
had licence to have divine service celebrated in his
dwelling at Hanley. (fn. 183) In 1369 a writ was directed
to the Sheriff of Worcester to elect a coroner in
place of Thomas de Hanley, who was dead. (fn. 184) In
1416 William de Hanley owed rent and service to
the Despencers. (fn. 185) Nicholas de Hanley in 1480 conveyed to Sir Richard Lord Beauchamp the manor of
Halle in Hanley, to which the chief forestership of
the Chase of Malvern still appertained. (fn. 186) Thomas
and Roger de Hanley, however, enfeoffed 'the Lord
Richard,' Sir Richard Croft and others of the same
manor. Thomas in 1483 quitclaimed his right to
Lord Beauchamp, but Croft and the others refused to
give up their claim. (fn. 187) The Crofts appear to have
kept possession, for in 1541 John Croft mortgaged to
Thomas Adyngton a capital messuage called the
'Hall Place' in Hanley Castle, (fn. 188) and in 1543 the
same John sold his manor in Hanley to Sir John
Russell of Strensham, (fn. 189) who in 1547 recovered it
against Richard son of Sir Edward Croft. (fn. 190) The
manor of Hanley Hall descended with Strensham
(q.v.) till the death of Sir William Russell in 1669. (fn. 191)
It then passed to his younger son George, who sold it
in 1684 to Sir Edward Dineley. (fn. 192) It followed the
descent of Charlton in Cropthorne until 1745, when
it belonged to John Dineley alias Foote. (fn. 193) It was
afterwards sold by John or his brother Samuel Foote,
the actor, to Mr. Case, (fn. 194) and it is now the property
of the Lechmeres. (fn. 195)

Lechmerk. Gules a fesse with two pelicans in the chief or.

The estate of SEVERN END was formerly known
as Lechmere's Place or Lechmere's Field, and according to tradition was given by
William I to a Lechmere, (fn. 196)
whose family is said to have
come either from the Low
Countries or Britanny. The
family was certainly established
at Hanley before 1276, in
which year Reginald, Philip
and Richard Lechmere were
taxed. (fn. 197) In 1296 Adam Lechmere, son of Reginald, (fn. 198) with
Thomas de Hanley is referred
to in an inquisition as to the
lands of the Earl of Gloucester, (fn. 199) and in 1307 Adam is
mentioned as a socman of the earl. (fn. 200) Robert or
Wilkyn Lechmere of Hanley occurs in 1309–10 (fn. 201)
and Henry, Alice, John and William in the reign of
Edward III. (fn. 202) William was the father of Robert
Lechmere, (fn. 203) a tenant in Hanley in 1416, (fn. 204) who had a
son John Lechmere of Lechmere Place. (fn. 205) His son
Richard (fn. 206) was witness to a deed in 1473–4. (fn. 207) He
married Joan, co-heir of John Whitmore of Hanley,
in the reign of Henry VI (fn. 208) or VII, (fn. 209) and was alive in
1484–5, (fn. 210) but was dead by 1503–4. (fn. 211) He probably
built the house at Severn End, of which part still
remains. (fn. 212) His son Thomas, (fn. 213) whose name occurs in
1486 (fn. 214) and 1520–1, (fn. 215) married Eleanor daughter of
Humphrey Frere, and their eldest son Richard, (fn. 216)
mentioned in 1538–9, (fn. 217) who was collector of a subsidy
in 1547–8, (fn. 218) married Margaret Rooke. 'In their
time,' writes their descendant Judge Lechmere, 'the
estates of our family were very much increased, my
great-grandmother Margaret Lechmere bringing a fair
inheritance, but chiefly by the friendship of Edmund
Bonner, Bishop of London, who being born at Hanley
Quay (fn. 219) of mean parentage was maintained at school and
Oxford by the liberality of Thomas Lechmere, which
the Bishop greatly requited by granting to Richard
Lechmere a lease of Bushley Park.' (fn. 220) Richard died
in 1568 and was buried in Hanley Church. (fn. 221) His
son Edmund (1550–1616) married Anne Dineley. (fn. 222)
'In their days the estate received much diminution,
partly by their religion (he was a Roman Catholic),
partly by tedious suits in law, but chiefly by their
superfluous housekeeping.' (fn. 223) Their son Edmund
(1577–1650) married Margaret daughter of Sir
Nicholas Overbury. They had numerous children,
their eldest surviving son being the famous lawyer
Nicholas Lechmere, (fn. 224) who greatly extended and
partly rebuilt Severn End. (fn. 225) He was made a baron
of the Exchequer in the reign of William and Mary. (fn. 226)
During the Civil War he had both Parliamentarian
and Royalist troops frequently quartered at Severn
End, (fn. 227) notably Massey before the battle of Worcester.
He was a Parliamentarian, but made his peace with
Charles II before the Restoration. (fn. 228) He married
Penelope daughter of Sir Edwin Sandys and died in
1701, aged eighty-seven. (fn. 229) His son Edmund was
succeeded two years later (fn. 230) by his son Anthony, who
died of apoplexy in 1720, (fn. 231) leaving a son Edmund,
who married Elizabeth Charlton. By her he had a
son Nicholas, who succeeded to his mother's property
and was known as Colonel Lechmere Charlton. (fn. 232)
Severn End passed to him. By his second wife,
Elizabeth Whitmore, Edmund had another son
Anthony, who succeeded his father in all the unentailed property in Worcestershire in 1805. He
took up his residence at the Rhydd, (fn. 233) and was
created a baronet in 1818. Edmund Lechmere
Charlton, eldest son of Colonel Lechmere Charlton,
died unmarried, having sold the Severn End estate in
1830 to a Mr. Paget. It was, however, repurchased
by Sir Edmund Hungerford Lechmere, (fn. 234) son of Sir
Anthony Lechmere, who succeeded his father in the
baronetcy in 1849 and who died in 1856. (fn. 235) His
son Sir Edmund Anthony Harley Lechmere died in
1894, and was succeeded by his son Edmund Arthur,
the fourth and present baronet. (fn. 236)

CHURCHES

The church of ST. MARY consists
of chancel and nave with tower between, wide north aisles and north and
south porches. The chancel aisle extends westward
in front of the tower and is continuous with the
nave aisle, but is under a separate gabled roof. The
internal dimensions of the building are: chancel
22 ft. 2 in. by 17 ft. 10 in., tower 16 ft. 8 in. by
16 ft. 3 in., chancel aisle 43 ft. by 19 ft. 9 in., nave
62 ft. 6 in. by 21 ft., and north aisle 18 ft. wide.
The aisle walls at either end are in the same face
with those of the chancel and nave, the building
being thus a parallelogram measuring internally about
109 ft. 6 in. by 42 ft.

The high altar in the church of Hanley was
dedicated by the Bishop of Worcester in 1290. (fn. 237)
The oldest part of the structure is the head of the
south doorway, which is the upper part of an arch of
12th-century date, but no other portion of the fabric
is of this period, and the Norman church appears to
have been entirely rebuilt in the 14th century, to
which period the nave and its aisle belong. The
chancel, tower and chancel aisle date from the year
1674, but the nature of the work they displaced
cannot now be stated. The 17th-century work is
constructed in red brick with red stone dressings,
and is interesting as an example of Caroline Gothic.
The church was repaired in 1750 and in 1858 was
restored by Street, when the roofs were renewed and
new seating inserted.

The nave and its aisle are constructed of yellow rubble
masonry and are under separate gabled roofs, but the
west gable of the aisle has been rebuilt in brick and
brick buttresses have been added at the north-west
corner on either side of the original diagonal buttress.
This was probably done when the east end of the
church was rebuilt. All the roofs are now eaved and
covered with modern red tiles.

The chancel has a modern Gothic east window and
a similar window on the south side. At the east end
of the chancel aisle is an original 17th-century squareheaded window of three lights with double transom
and hood mould. The smaller upper lights are
divided into two and the middle openings have
trefoiled heads. There are diagonal stone buttresses
of three stages at the angles of the chancel and aisle
with a square buttress between, and the walls rest on
a red stone base. The bricks vary in thickness from
2 in. to 2¼ in. and have weathered a rich deep colour.
The chancel opens to the aisle by a pointed arch of
two chamfered orders and the fittings and roof are all
modern. The ritual chancel includes the tower,
which is open to the east, west and north by pointed
arches of two chamfered orders springing from moulded
imposts, which are continued as a string round the
inside of the tower and chancel. Below the string
the wall is faced with ashlar, but the upper part is
plastered as in the remainder of the building. Externally the tower is a very picturesque structure, sturdy,
massive and of excellent proportion. It consists of
three stages marked by string-courses and has a projecting vice in the south-west corner, originally
entered from the east end of the nave, but now by a
modern doorway from the outside. At the southeast angle are double buttresses weathering back above
the chancel roof in a series of sets-off to below the
second string, and the tower terminates in an embattled parapet and low hipped roof. The belfry
windows are square-headed and of two lights, and in
the lower story there is a modern window of two
trefoiled lights on the south side copied from those in
the nave. On the north side, facing the village, is
a clock dial.

Plan of Hanley Castle Church

The arches opening from the chancel and tower
to the north aisle are filled in with modern oak
screens, and the aisle is divided by wooden partitions
into clergy and choir vestries and organ chamber,
the organ being to the north of the tower. The aisle
is lighted on the north side by two original squareheaded windows, each of three lights with transoms
and hood moulds, both series of lights being foiled.
Between the windows is a square-headed doorway,
above which, high up in the wall, is a lozenge-shaped
panel dated 1674. The roof is slightly lower than
that of the nave aisle, and the structural division is
marked externally by a massive stone buttress of 17th-century date.

The nave has three 14th-century pointed windows
on the south side, each of two trefoiled lights, the
easternmost being rather earlier than the others,
which have hood moulds and a quatrefoil opening in
the head. The west window is of three lights, but
only the jambs and head, which may be of the late
14th century, are old. The buttresses at the southwest corner, which are set some distance from the
angle, may have been introduced in the 17th century,
when the west window seems to have been altered
or a new one introduced, the square label of which
remains in the lower part of the gable. The south
doorway, as already mentioned, preserves part of a
12th-century semicircular arch, but the springers are
gone and modern angle shafts with cushion capitals
have been introduced to carry what is now a segmental arch. The porch is modern and of stone.

The nave arcade consists of four pointed arches of
two chamfered orders springing from half-round responds and alternate circular and octagonal piers, the
middle one being octagonal. The piers and responds
have moulded capitals and bases following their respective sections, and the detail of the middle capital
differs from that of the others, but all are of good
14th-century type. The west respond is about
2 ft. in length, but that at the east includes about
7 ft. 6 in. of walling pierced by a pointed trefoiled
opening with moulded sill. There is, however, no
trace of any mediaeval ritual arrangements at the east
end of the aisle. On the north side the aisle is lit
by three two-light windows, two to the east and one
to the west of the doorway, similar to those opposite,
but the westernmost only is original. The west
window is of three lights with modern 14th-century
tracery in an original opening. The north doorway
has a pointed arch of two orders, each with the characteristic wave moulding and a roll and fillet between.
The jambs have angle shafts with moulded capitals
and bases set between the two wave mouldings. The
oak door is original. The porch is modern and of
timber on a stone base.

The font is of 14th-century date and consists of a
moulded octagonal bowl with two quatrefoils inclosing
four-leaved flowers on each side. The lower moulding
has been destroyed on three sides.

Habington (fn. 238) notes some heraldic glass, but this
had all disappeared in Nash's time. (fn. 239) The positions
of many of the monuments were changed in the
alterations of 1750. Nash describes some which
have since disappeared, and those that remain are
plain mural tablets. There are also many 18thcentury stones in the floor, some now hidden by the
organ. The north chancel aisle was the burial-place
of the Lechmeres and contains memorials to members
of the family from the 16th to the 19th century.
On the north wall, 'under an image,' is a tablet to
Mrs. Winifred Lechmere, 'whose effigies this is.'
There are also tablets to Colonel William Dineley
and his son, who both died in 1653, to Captain
Edmund Lechmere, (fn. 240) and to Thomas Astbury of Swynnerton, gent. (d. 1716). The Hornyold family were
buried in the chancel.

There is a ring of six bells, all originally cast by
Abraham Rudhall of Gloucester in 1699. In 1858 the
fifth was recast by G. Mears and the treble in 1895. The
'ting-tang' is older, the date being apparently 1600. (fn. 241)

The plate is all modern and consists of a chalice,
silver paten and flagon given in 1846. A chalice of
1571 was sold and was in use in 1883 by Sir Edmund
Lechmere in his private chapel. (fn. 242)

The registers before 1812 are as follows: (i)
baptisms and burials 1538 to 1636, marriages 1539
to 1632; (ii) baptisms, burials and marriages 1653
to 1753; (iii) baptisms and burials 1754 to 1812,
marriages 1754 to 1773.

To the north-east of the church is the lower part
of the shaft of a churchyard cross, octagonal in
section, standing 3 ft. 4 in. above the ground without
base or socket stone.

The church of ST. GABRIEL, Hanley Green,
was built in 1872 on a site given by Sir E. A. H.
Lechmere, bart., from the designs of Sir Gilbert
Scott. It is built of stone in early 14th-century
style, and consists of chancel, nave of four bays, north
and south aisles, north porch and tower with spire at
the east end of the north aisle. It serves as a chapel
of ease to the parish church.

The church of ST. PETER, Malvern Wells, was
built in 1836 from the designs of Mr. Garrard of
Clifton. It is of stone in a modern adaptation of
13th-century style, and consists of chancel, nave,
north and south transepts and north porch. The
vicarage was in the patronage of Rev. P. Boissier
from 1836 until 1859. The Rev. F. Hopkinson
was patron from 1859 to 1869, the Rev. F. Kewley
from 1869 to 1871, the Rev. F. S. Perfect from
1871 to 1892, and Mrs. Finnie, who provided an
endowment, from 1892 to 1898, when the advowson
was vested in the Bishop of Worcester. (fn. 243)

ADVOWSON

The church of Hanley was given
by William Fitz Osbern to the
abbey of Lire, and his grant was
confirmed by Henry II (fn. 244) and by William Earl of
Gloucester. (fn. 245) In 1236 the Abbot and convent of
Lire granted at a fee-farm rent of 16 marks to the
priory of Little Malvern whatever they had in the
church of Hanley, saving the vicar's portion in the
church. (fn. 246) The Prior and convent of Little Malvern
presented to the vicarage in 1285, (fn. 247) 1304, (fn. 248) and in
1349. (fn. 249) In 1345 the king made the presentation
'by reason of the lands of the Abbot of Lire being
in his hands on account of the war with France.' (fn. 250)
In 1374 the possessions of the abbey of Lire fell to
the Crown and were subsequently granted to the
priory of Sheen, (fn. 251) but the Priors of Little Malvern
retained the patronage of the church till the Dissolution. (fn. 252) The advowson was granted to the Bishop
of Worcester in 1558, (fn. 253) but forfeited by him on the
accession of Elizabeth and granted with the manor
in 1560 to John Hornyold (fn. 254); it followed the
descent of the manor till 1672, (fn. 255) when it was purchased from the Hornyolds by Judge Lechmere, whose
family still retains it. (fn. 256)

The rectorial tithes of Hanley were evidently
granted with the advowson by William Fitz Osbern
to the abbey of Lire, (fn. 257) and leased with it to the
Prior of Little Malvern, (fn. 258) who was still paying a
rent of £10 from the rectory to the priory of Sheen
at the Dissolution. (fn. 259) In 1561 a moiety of the
rectory was granted to Edwin Bishop of Worcester. (fn. 260)
The other half seems to have passed in due course to
the bishopric, for in 1650 the site of the rectory or
parsonage-house of Hanley, belonging to the bishopric
of Worcester, was granted with the tithes to Thomas
Crompton of the City of London. (fn. 261) The bishop was
impropriator of the great tithes till 1794–5, when
they were extinguished, and in lieu of them an
allotment was made to the bishop. (fn. 262)

In 1326 the Abbot and convent of Evesham, for
benefits done to them and their house by Sir Hugh
le Despenser, undertook to find a secular chaplain to
sing mass and celebrate divine service daily in his
castle of Hanley and to find for the chaplain and a
clerk assisting him reasonable sustenance, with books,
vestments, chalices and other things pertaining to the
chantry, except houses for their dwelling. (fn. 263) In the
following year there is an entry of 'nails and wood
prepared for building a chapel in the castle.' (fn. 264) The
chapel is again mentioned in 1416 (fn. 265) and 1481–2,
in which latter year it underwent repair. (fn. 266) It is not
mentioned at the time of the dissolution of chantries,
and probably fell into decay with the castle.

William Pinnock in the reign of Edward VI held
a messuage in Hanley called 'le chauntrey prieste's
chamber' and another called the 'almeshouse.' (fn. 267) The
former passed to his brother John Pinnock, and on
his death in 1555 to his son William. (fn. 268)

CHARITIES

The grammar school, which existed in the 15th century, was rebuilt
in 1733 at the cost of Sir Nicholas
and Sir Edmund Lechmere. The foundation is
now regulated by a scheme of the Board of Education, 25 May 1910, whereby the school is constituted
a day and boarding school for boys between the ages
of eight and seventeen as a public secondary school.

The endowment consists of the school site and
buildings, a cottage and 13 a. at Forty Green, 11 a. 3 r.
at Gilbert's End, 44 a. at Ayler's End, and a cottage
and garden at Picken End, producing a gross rental
of £90 a year, also £4,133 15s. 7d. consols with the
official trustees, producing £103 6s. 8d. yearly, and
£727 5s. 6d. consols as a repairs and improvement
fund, producing £18 3s. 8d. yearly. The official
trustees also hold £1,610 15s. 8d. consols on an
investment account, formed to replace the cost of
certain works of addition and alteration to the
school buildings in 1894 and 1896, until a sum of
£1,673 14s. 1d. stock shall have been attained. The
county council provided a large part of the sum for
the rebuilding and made an annual grant.

The following charities were recorded on the
church tables set up in the years 1715 and 1780,
namely:—

Margaret Baugh gave 10s. a year for the church.
The annuity was redeemed in 1859 by the transfer
to the official trustees of £16 13s. 4d. consols, now
producing 8s. 4d. yearly.

Thomas Herbert by his will gave 4 bushels of
munkorn (a mixture of wheat and rye) and 4 tons
of coal to be distributed amongst the poor at
Christmas, to be paid out of the yearly rent of a
certain ground called Hooper's Close.

Mrs. Penelope Morgan left by her will £10 to be
laid out in a little tenement in the parish, the rent to
be distributed in bread on Christmas Day.

Charles Mayfield by his will left to the poor 15s.
a year.

James Bateman left £10 and Thomas Hussey left
£12 for the poor.

These charities, with the exception of Herbert's
charity, are included in the Church Estate next
mentioned.

The Church Estate, the origin of which is unknown,
is now represented by a sum of £1,948 4s. 10d.
consols with the official trustees, producing £48 14s.
yearly, arising from sales in 1877 and 1880 of the real
estate belonging to the charity, with the exception
of a cottage and garden which are let at £6 a year.
A distribution of bread is made to the poor in respect
of the foregoing charities, and subject thereto the
net income is applied in sustentation of the fabric of
the church, church furniture and bread and wine for
the holy communion.

In 1875 Mrs. Elizabeth Cale, by her will proved
at Worcester 27 April, bequeathed £100 for the poor
of Hanley Castle, exclusive of St. Peter's District.
The legacy, less duty, with accumulations is now
represented by £135 8s. 11d. consols with the official
trustees, producing £3 7s. 8d. yearly.

In 1901 Miss Eliza Warrington, by her will
proved at Worcester 28 June, left a legacy, which was
invested in £497 9s. 9d. Birmingham Corporation
3 per cent. stock with the official trustees, the annual
dividends, amounting to £14 18s. 6d., to be applied
for the benefit of such poor inhabitants as were in
the habit of attending the ancient parish church or
St. Gabriel's Church. The distribution is made in
money in sums varying from 5s. to £1.

Malvern Wells.— In 1868 Miss Eliza Pitt, by her
will proved at Worcester 13 October, bequeathed
£100, the interest to be applied in the distribution
of bread, coals, flannel or tea on Christmas Day. The
legacy was invested in £107 18s. consols.

In 1875 Mrs. Elizabeth Cale, by her will proved
at Worcester 27 April, bequeathed £100, the interest
to be distributed among the poor. The legacy, less
duty, has been invested in £94 4s. 7d. consols.

In 1898 the Rev. Francis Hopkinson, by his will
proved at London 28 March, bequeathed £200, the
interest to be applied in the purchase of packets of
tea, to be given on the anniversary of the donor's
birth (23 February) to deserving poor inhabitants.
The legacy is represented by £258 9s. consols.

In 1901 Miss Eliza Warrington, by her will
proved at Worcester 28 June, left a legacy, which was
invested in £497 9s. 9d. Birmingham Corporation
3 per cent. stock, the annual dividends to be applied
for the benefit of the poor inhabitants.

The several sums of stock are held by the official
trustees, the annual dividends, amounting together to
£26 8s. 2d., being allocated proportionately among
the respective charities.

The Church Institute, formerly the old National
schools of 1838, is regulated by a scheme of the
Charity Commissioners, 4 July 1899. An endowment fund of £500 Local Loans 3 per cent. stock
was created in 1901 by a declaration of trust, whereby
the annual income of £15 was made applicable (1) for
the repair and insurance of the Institute, and (2) for
the support of the Sunday school and other Church
of England purposes. The stock is held by the official
trustees.

5. Chan. Inq. p.m. (Ser. 2), ccliii, 89.
They also had land at Burley in the lordship of Hanley (Early Chan. Proc. bdle.
385, no. 30).

6. The following description is largely
taken, by permission, from a paper by
Mr. Lewis Sheppard in Assoc. Archit. Soc.
Rep. xxv, 172–82. The thanks of the
editors are also due to Mr. Sheppard for
the plan of the house here given and
for information and assistance liberally
afforded. Mr. Sheppard was the architect
for the restoration of the building in
1897.

8. Mr. Sheppard states: 'I am of opinion
that not only the cellar but the buttery
above it was at the same time formed at
the south end of the great hall. As regards
the chimney next the buttery it was one
of those of the great hall, and it was very
evident that the judge only partly rebuilt
it. He preserved the external facings of
the brick and stone work, inserted the
small window near the ground line in
order to light the new cellar, partly closed
up the old fireplace and rebuilt the inside
and upper portions of the chimney, forming at the first floor level two small fireplaces and on the attic floor level one
other fireplace for the respective bedrooms,
one of which is known as the King's
Room. Thus there were three fireplaces
to two flues. The companion chimney,
that of the hall, had one fireplace and flue
formed in it in the first floor level, but it
was not otherwise altered. All these
alterations were clearly distinguishable'
(ibid. 177).

13. Ann. Mon. (Rolls Ser.), iv, 494;
Reg. G. Giffard (Worcs. Hist. Soc.),
Introd. p. xxxv. In making the ditch
the earl encroached on the land of the
Bishop of Worcester, and in 1291 he
agreed to compensate the bishop by a
yearly gift of deer from the forest (Cal.
Chart. R. 1257–1300, p. 401).

35. See below; Cal. Chart. R. 1257–
1300, p. 401; Chan. Inq. p.m. 8 Edw. II,
no. 68. Thomas Toky, constable in 1265,
imprisoned in Hanley Castle John de la
Lode of Powick, whose imprisonment
was so severe that he died in the castle
and was buried there without being
viewed by the coroner (Assize R. 1026,
m. 41).

94. V.C.H. Worcs. i, 321, 323. This
manor is entered under Gloucestershire
because it paid geld in Tewkesbury, and
under Herefordshire because its rent had
been annexed by Earl William to Hereford
(ibid. i, 323).

95. Probably the Sybil who gave land
in Bushley (q. v.) to Tewkesbury Abbey.

109. Hund. R. (Rec. Com.), ii, 283.
Another account states that the manor
having reverted to the Crown on the
death of Geoffrey de Mandeville was
given by King John to Roger Clifford,
of whom it was purchased by Gilbert de
Clare (ibid. 285).

139. Star Chamb. Proc. Phil. and Mary,
bdle. 8, no. 60. He had a grant of Blackmore Park from Henry VIII (ibid.
Edw. VI, bdle. 1, no. 22). The family
had long been settled in Hanley, John
Hornyold witnessing a deed there in 1334
(Nash, op. cit. i, 558). John 'de Hornyngwold' was Sheriff of Worcestershire in
1315 (P.R.O. List of Sheriffs, 157).

147. J. J. Howard, loc. cit. Nash says
he was slain at Worcester (op. cit. i,
558), and this seems to have given rise
to the erroneous statement that John was
slain at Worcester in endeavouring to
secure the escape of Charles II (Foley,
Records of the English Province, vii [2],
1394), John having been confused with
his son Thomas (see below).