Denjoy-Carleman classes are spaces of smooth functions which satisfy growth conditions on their derivatives. We distinguish the class of ultradi fferentiable functions of Roumieu type and the class of ... [more ▼]

Denjoy-Carleman classes are spaces of smooth functions which satisfy growth conditions on their derivatives. We distinguish the class of ultradi fferentiable functions of Roumieu type and the class of ultradi fferentiable functions of Beurling typ. Endowed with its natural topology, the Beurling class is a Fr échet space. In the poster, we give a condition to have the strict inclusion of a Roumieu class into aBeurling class. We obtain then generic results about the set of functions of a Beurling class which are nowhere in a Roumieu class. Those generic results are obtained from three di fferent points of view: using the Baire category theorem, the notion of prevalence and the notion of lineability. We also study the particular case of Gevrey classes. [less ▲]

Two major challenges for enabling the vision of cloud computing regard (a) the generic and multi-purpose access to (virtualised) resources, and (b) the flexible, dynamic, and on-demand composition of ... [more ▼]

Two major challenges for enabling the vision of cloud computing regard (a) the generic and multi-purpose access to (virtualised) resources, and (b) the flexible, dynamic, and on-demand composition of services from virtual resources; from the service level, all the way ``down'' to the lamda level. Both aspects require a respective flexibility and expressibility from the interfaces in-place, which is missing from the current static socket (and other) interfaces below the application level. In this position paper, we propose, explain and exemplify an alternative generic and universal resource interface (GRI) that borrows from object oriented design to enable properties such as polymorphic access, generic service composition, introspection and dynamic reconfigurability, of in-network resources, opening in this way the path for flexible creation of service clouds. [less ▲]

The enantioseparation of ten basic drugs was evaluated in NACE systems using heptakis(2-O-methyl-3-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-CD (HMAS-β-CD). For this purpose, a D-optimal design with 21 experimental points ... [more ▼]

The enantioseparation of ten basic drugs was evaluated in NACE systems using heptakis(2-O-methyl-3-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-CD (HMAS-β-CD). For this purpose, a D-optimal design with 21 experimental points was applied. Four antifungal agents (econazole, isoconazole, miconazole, sulconazole), three local anesthetics (bupivacaine, mepivacaine and prilocaine), two sympathomimetics (salbutamol and terbutaline) and one β-blocker (carvedilol) were selected as basic model analytes. The influence on the enantiomeric resolution of anionic CD and BGE anion concentrations as well as the BGE anion nature was investigated. For all studied analytes, the enantiomeric resolution was shown to be significantly influenced by the CD concentration. Based on the observed results, a generic NACE system was recommended, namely 20 mM HMAS-β-CD and 10 mM ammonium camphorSO3- in methanol acidified with 0.75 M formic acid. Moreover, this NACE system was compared to previous conditions with heptakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-CD (HDMS-β-CD) or heptakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-β-CD (HDAS-β-CD). Finally, two generic systems using either HDAS-β-CD or HMAS-β-CD were proposed and evaluated for the enantioseparation of ketamine and norketamine after incubation of ketamine in phenobarbital-induced male rat liver microsomes systems. [less ▲]

As surprising as it may seem, there exist infinitely differentiable functions which are nowhere analytic. When such an unexpected object is found, a natural question is to ask whether many similar ones ... [more ▼]

As surprising as it may seem, there exist infinitely differentiable functions which are nowhere analytic. When such an unexpected object is found, a natural question is to ask whether many similar ones may exist. A classical technique is to use the Baire category theorem and the notion of residuality. This notion is purely topological and does not give any information about the measure of the set of objects satisfying such a property. In this purpose, the notion of prevalence has been introduced. Moreover, one could also wonder whether large algebraic structures of such objects can be constructed. This question is formalized by the notion of lineability. The first objective of this talk is to go further into the study of nowhere analytic functions. It is known that the set of nowhere analytic functions is residual and lineable in C^infty([0, 1]). We prove that the set of nowhere analytic functions is also prevalent in this space. Those results of genericity are then generalized using Gevrey classes, which can be seen as intermediate between the space of analytic functions and the space of infinitely differentiable functions. We also study how far such results of genericity could be extended to spaces of ultradifferentiable functions, defined using weight sequences. [less ▲]

This paper distinguishes among three types of generosity of social security systems: average generosity, generosity towards early retirement and generosity towards the poor. On the basis of theoretical ... [more ▼]

This paper distinguishes among three types of generosity of social security systems: average generosity, generosity towards early retirement and generosity towards the poor. On the basis of theoretical predictions, it examines the statistical correlations among those types of generosity for 14 OECD countries over the period 1985-2000. It also shows how they have evolved over time and tries to relate this evolution to the process of economic integration. There are three main findings, the first one being a positive relation between average social security spending and poverty alleviation. There is the negative relation between average spending and inequality reduction. Finally, over the period 1985-95 one sees that poverty alleviation increases on average, but to a degree that decreases with economic openness. [less ▲]

The human genes for growth hormone (GH), chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH), and a third growth hormone-like gene (GHL) have been located on chromosome 17 in humans. DNA fragments of 2.6, 2.8, and 9.5 ... [more ▼]

The human genes for growth hormone (GH), chorionic somatomammotropin (CSH), and a third growth hormone-like gene (GHL) have been located on chromosome 17 in humans. DNA fragments of 2.6, 2.8, and 9.5 kilobase pairs containing GH, CSH, and GHL, respectively, were identified in human genomic DNA, and a 7.5-kilobase DNA fragment related to growth hormone DNA sequences was found in mouse cells. In somatic hybrids of human and mouse cells containing reduced numbers of human chromosomes, but a normal complement of mouse chromosomes, the mouse, 7.5-kolobase DNA fragment was always present, whereas the 2.6-, 2.8-, and 9.5-kilobase human fragments were present only when human chromosome 17 was also present. [less ▲]

in International Journal of Cancer = Journal International du Cancer (1992), 52(4), 653-7

Invasion of basement membranes by cancer cells is a critical step in metastasis, which requires the coordinated expression of specific genes such as laminin receptors and metalloproteinases. Estradiol and ... [more ▼]

Invasion of basement membranes by cancer cells is a critical step in metastasis, which requires the coordinated expression of specific genes such as laminin receptors and metalloproteinases. Estradiol and progesterone modulate the clinical progression of steroid-sensitive breast cancers; however, little is known about the molecular regulation of the invasive phenotype by these hormones. We therefore examined the effects of 10 nM estradiol and/or 10 nM progestin R5020 on the expression of 2 non-integrin laminin binding proteins, the 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) and HLBP31 as well as the 72-kDa type-IV collagenase (MMP-2) and its inhibitor, TIMP-2, in steroid-receptor-positive (T47D and MCF-7) and -negative (MDA-MB 231) human breast-cancer cells. The relative steady-state level of 67LR mRNA was increased 2- to 3-fold by estradiol in both MCF-7 (p < 0.001) and T47D (p < 0.001) cells, also by R5020, alone or in combination with estradiol, in T47D cells (p < 0.001) and to a much less extent in MCF-7 cells. HLBP31 mRNA and protein levels were increased 2- to 3-fold (p < 0.001) by R5020 alone or in combination with estradiol, but not by estradiol alone. None of the steroid treatments affected the expression or activity of MMP-2. Interestingly, however, TIMP-2 mRNA levels and protein expression in MCF-7 and T47D cells were 50% down-regulated (p < 0.001) by treatment with R5020 or R5020 plus estradiol, but not by treatment with estradiol alone. None of these genes were modulated in steroid-independent MDA-MB231 cells. The data suggest that estradiol and progesterone might act as coordinators regulating specific genes in the steroid-sensitive breast-cancer cell, leading to the acquisition of the metastatic phenotype. [less ▲]

OBJECTIVE: To isolate new cDNAs corresponding to genes whose expression is increased during castration-induced rat prostate apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Differential display of mRNAs from 3-day castrated and normal rat ventral prostates was used to identify differentially expressed clones. Northern blots were hybridized to confirm the positive regulation of the candidates and to follow the change in their expression in the involuting rat prostate, and in thymocytes of dexamethazone-treated rats. RESULTS: Five cDNAs were cloned: one encoding ribosomal protein L7, one coding for the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and three whose products are unknown. After castration, all five genes had expression kinetics that closely paralleled the proportion of prostatic epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis. The gene encoding L7 and two of the unknown genes were also upregulated in glucocorticoid-induced programmed death in thymocytes. In addition to the IGFBP-3 gene, those coding for proteins IGFBP-4, -5 and -6 were also overexpressed in the involuting prostate of androgen-deprived rats. CONCLUSION: Five new genes were identified that are up-regulated during castration-induced rat prostate apoptosis, three of which are potentially involved in the common intracellular pathway leading to programmed cell death. [less ▲]