This report draws from the Access, Bottlenecks, Costs, and Equity (ABCE) project in Zambia, a multi-pronged and multi-country research collaboration focused on understanding what drives and hinders health service provision. Results include the following:

Assessing the capacity of health facilities to provide services across different levels of care, such as physical infrastructure; human resources for health; and stocks of medicines and functional equipment

Comparing patient reports of their experiences at facilities, including wait time for care, interactions with providers, and expenses incurred during their visit

Tracking trends in patient volumes and spending across facility types

Quantifying the relationship between facility resources and production of services

Estimating facility costs associated with different types of services, with an expanded section on facility costs of HIV/AIDS care

This report represents the work of many field team members and researchers at IHME and the University of Zambia (UNZA), as well as contributions from the Zambian Ministry of Health, the Churches Health Association of Zambia (CHAZ), and the Clinton Health Access Initiative (CHAI). Felix Masiye of UNZA served as the in-country principal investigator for the ABCE project.