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How hot is the centre of the Earth? liquid solid Inner core (solid Fe) Outer core (liquid Fe) Mantle The temperature at the inner core boundary coincides with the melting temperature of Fe at 330 GPa

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A number of mineral physics phenomena are difficult to address or even beyond reach for first-principles simulations, because of time scale and size limitations. Examples include thermal conductivity highly viscous silicate melts melting temperatures (some aspects of) rheological properties at high T etc…