The Jewish Community in Nuremberg 1850  1932

In the year 1850 Josef Kohn from the neighboring village of Markt Erlbach was
allowed by the municipal authorities to settle down in Nuremberg. He became the
first Jewish citizen of Nuremberg after a period of 350 years, when Jews were
prohibited from becoming inhabitants of the previous independent imperial city,
which in 1806 was incorporated into the Bavarian kingdom.

The Jewish community in Bavaria's second biggest city grew fast. The upswing
caused by railroad and industrialization made it interesting for Jewish
salesmen living in the rural regions of Upper and Central Franconia and Upper
Palatine to move to the city. Within seven decades (1852 to 1922) the Jewish
population multiplied from 87 to 10,100 (8,603 in 1931). In the same time the
overall population of Nuremberg exploded from about 56,000 to 380,570 (41,170
in 1932). Jewish Nurembergers contributed a lot to the economic, scientific and
cultural development of their hometown. Nuremberg's hop trade, primarily run by
Jewish businessmen - in 1930 120 of 162 of the trade firms were owned by Jews -
dominated the world market until the beginning of World War I. At that time the
toys and household supplies produced by "Bing-Werke" and the bikes
and motorcycles under the trade marks "Hercules" and
"Viktoria" were known and sold worldwide. Jewish lawyers and
physicians led in their professions, and Jewish philanthropists like Heinrich
Berolzheimer and Ludwig von Gerngros sponsored educational and welfare
institutions as well as fine arts and public buildings.

Discrimination, Expulsion, Murder: The Nazi Era in Nuremberg

The Jews in Nuremberg - earlier than others - learned what Nazism really meant.
For the early twenties the notorious "Jew baiter" Julius Streicher, a
substandard elementary school teacher and sexual psychopath, edited his
unutterable anti-Semitic "Der Stürmer" in Nuremberg and
inseminated dull hatred into the minds of his readers. The
"Machtergreifung" in January 1933 finally gave him and his comrades
the chance to realize their plans. Streicher was in charge of the boycott
against Jewish shops on April 1st, 1933 in Germany. His political opponents
were sent to Dachau, among them many Jewish social democrats and communists.

The culmination of the Nazi's anti-Semitic policy was marked by the
"Nuremberg Laws," named after the city where they were promulgated
and proclaimed to the public. These unlawful laws laid the foundation for the
Holocaust.
The pogrom of "Kristallnacht" was only a prelude which in Nuremberg
was more radical and cruel than anywhere else in Germany and cost the lives of
19 Jewish Nurembergers.

The Holocaust in Nuremberg

Prior to the beginning of the cynically so-called "Endlösung,"
2,611 Jews still lived in Nuremberg. They were deported from here in seven
transports:

67 Jews were deported from Nuremberg to German concentration camps for
political reasons, 10 were liberated by the Allies.

The Memorial Book for Nuremberg's Victims of the Shoah

The following list was derived from a data bank at Nuremberg City Archives,
started in 1997 and updated until today. By now it contains the names of
Nuremberg's 2,374 (1,036 male, 1,338 female) victims of the Shoah. The
following groups of individuals were included in the list:

Jews who had their constant place of residence in Nuremberg before being
deported,

Nurembergers by birth who were deported from or killed in other places,

Jews whose untimely (natural) dead during or immediately after the Shoah was
caused by the inhumane living conditions, distress or damages to their health
due to the Nazi terror.

The data base contains the following fields:

Surname (last name)
Given name (first names) (* marks "Rufname")
Maiden surname
Born (birth date)
Place of birth
Last residence (last known place of residence) (in Nuremberg with address)
Deported (date of deportation)
Deported from (place of deportation)
Deported to (destination of deportation)
Date of death
Place of death

Names are given in German using German vowel mutations ("Umlaute")
and "scharfes S". In case of conversion problems with these special
characters see the following list:

ä = ae
ö = oe
ü = ue
ß = ss

Due to its length the list cannot give any details about the degree of
relationship between the victims. If you have further information on these
people or want to order the Memorial Book (published in 1998) and the
Supplemental Volume (published in 2002; both volumes contain a total of 1326
portrait photos) please contact:

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