Campbell Reviews

Reichow, B., Steiner, A. and Volkmar, F. To determine the effectiveness of social skills groups for improving social competence, social communication, and quality of life for people with ASD who are six to 21 years of age Since autism was first described, ...

Macdonald, G., Higgins, J. and Ramchandani, P. Cognitive-behavioural, Sexual abuse, Children, Young people Despite differences in how it is defined, there is a general consensus amongst clinicians and researchers that the sexual abuse of children and adol ...

Meissner, C., et al Interviewing, Interrogation methods The interviewing and interrogation of suspects can be particularly important to securing convictions against the guilty and freeing the wrongly accused. There are two general methods of questioning s ...

Koper, C. and Mayo-Wilson, E. This review examines the impacts of police strategies to reduce illegal possession and carrying of firearms on gun crime Criminal misuse of firearms is among the world’s most serious crime problems. Strategies to reduce gun v ...

Maynard, B.R., et al Intervention, School attendance, Policy, Practice, Research Truancy is a significant problem in the U.S. and in other countries around the world. Truancy has been linked to serious immediate and far-reaching consequences for youth, fa ...

Berg, R.C. and Denison, E. Mutilation This systematic review aimed to answer the following research questions: 1. What is the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce the prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) compared to no or o ...

Patterson, G., Chung, I. and Swan, P.G. The objectives of this systematic review were to identify, retrieve, evaluate and synthesize the available evidence regarding outcomes of stress management interventions provided to veteran police officers and recru ...

Braga, A. and Weisburd, D. To synthesize the extant evaluation literature and assess the effects of pulling levers focused deterrence strategies on crime A number of American police departments have been experimenting with new problem-oriented policing fr ...

Westbrook, J.D., Nye, C. andFong, C.J. Adult, Employment, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) The incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) has been increasing over the last two decades. Currently, 1 in 110 children are identified with ASD in the United St ...

De Vibe, M., et al Stress-related health problems Mind-body interventions to manage stress-related health problems are of widespread interest. One of the best known methods is mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), and MBSR courses are now offered by ...

Miller, S., Maguire, L.K. and Macdonald, G. Deprived family background, Developmental problems, Children The early years of a child's life are extremely important in terms of development and growth. Children from a deprived family background are at g ...

Braga, A.A. Crime prevention In recent years, crime scholars and practitioners have pointed to the potential benefits of focusing crime prevention efforts on crime places. A number of studies suggest that crime is not spread evenly across city landscapes. ...

Mazerolle, L., Soole, D.W. and Rombouts, S. Effectiveness of police-led drug law enforcement An atmosphere of ineffectiveness regarding the ability of police to address crime problems in general and street-level drug problems in particular prevailed in th ...

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The Association for the Study of Obesity on the island of Ireland (ASOI) has successfully changed the word for obesity in the Irish language. ‘Otracht’ was previously the Irish term for obesity. The English translation of ‘otracht’ is critical, negative and derogatory.

“Language is important. The words we choose matter” says Dr Jean O’Connell, Chair of ASOI. “People living with certain stigmatised diseases say that coping with the stigma of the disease is harder than coping with the disease itself. We need to change the way that we talk about overweight and obesity, in every language”.

Niamh Arthurs (Public Health and Clinical Nutritionist, ASOI Education role) addressed this concern with Foras Na Gaeilge. They advised Ms Arthurs to bring the case to the translation section of the Oireachtas in Leinster House. Following discussion, they informed the ASOI that the word ‘murtall’ will be used instead of ‘otracht’ in legislation in Ireland and they will also advise European institutions to use the term ‘murtall’ in future. Foras Na Gaeilge also stated that they would recommend general use of the term ‘murtall’.

Ireland’s survival rates for cancer patients have improved significantly – latest figures published by The Lancet

Public Health Alcohol Bill to return to the Oireachtas this week

The Minister for Health, Simon Harris has stressed the importance of taking steps, as a society, to prevent cancer. The Minister was marking World Cancer Day, which takes place every year on the 4th of February.

Minister Harris said “Ireland is making significant strides in cancer control. The latest figures published by The Lancet confirm we are moving up the global rankings and cancer survival rates here have improved significantly. Five-year survival rates for cancer have improved from 44.2% (1994-1998) to 61.1% (2010-2014).

“The National Cancer Strategy 2017-2026 aims to ensure that survival rates in Ireland continue to improve and that, over the lifetime of this Strategy, Irish survival rates will reach the top quartile in Europe. In achieving this we must also ensure that our services meet the needs of those living with and beyond cancer, from diagnosis and treatment to psycho-social support post-treatment. I am delighted to see a focus on improving the quality of life for cancer survivors through World Cancer Day”

The Wellbeing of the Nation 2017

The number of healthy life years one can expect to experience has increased from 66.9 in 2014 to 67.3 in 2015

The unemployment rate has fallen from 9.8% in 2015 to 8.6% in 2016

Participation in sport among those aged 15 years and older has fallen from 47.2% in 2013 to 45% in 2015

The CSO has today (10th January 2018) published The Wellbeing of the Nation. This new publication attempts to address the question how do people feel about their lives as a whole.

Commenting on the data, Statistician Damien Lenihan said: “This publication attempts to measure wellbeing, which is influenced by many factors including the economic conditions of the country, the health of its population, and the educational attainment of its people”.With over 30 indicators across eight areas of society, the key findings of the publication include;

Average household debt has fallen from €93,900 in 2014 to €87,900 in 2015

The percentage of those aged 25 to 64 with third level education has remained constant at 41% between the years 2015 and 2016

The number of homeless people, as measured on Census night increased by 81% between 2011 and 2016 from 3,808 to 6,906 persons

The percentage of adults that think crime is a very serious problem in Ireland has increased from 46% in 2006 to 49% in 2010

Commenting further, Damien Lenihan said: “This publication is a starting point in measuring wellbeing and is an area which will be expanded further in the coming years”.

The National Cancer Registry of Ireland has released its 22nd annual statistical report. This report summarises cancer incidence, mortality and survival in Ireland for the period 1994-2015, and provides projected estimates for incidence for the most recent three-year period: 2015-2017. The cumulative lifetime risk (to age 75 years) of an invasive cancer diagnosis was approximately 1 in 3 for men and 1 in 4 for women. The absolute risk difference between the most and least deprived 20% of the population was highest for pancreatic (+14%), lung (+9%), colon (+8%), oesophageal (+8%), and ovarian cancers (+7%). Age-standardized rates of all invasive cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC)) were 26% higher in men than in women. Overall, taking the first recorded invasive cancer (exc. NMSC) for each patient, the proportion of cases presenting as an emergency was 15% (of all cases whose admission type was known). The cancers with the highest proportion of emergency presentation were: pancreas (34%), lung (26%), ovary (24%) and colon (22%). For all cancer types, patients resident in the most deprived areas were more likely to present as an emergency. For all cancers examined, relative differences by deprivation were substantial, with patients from the most deprived group 25%-67% more likely to present as emergencies, depending on the cancer type (54% for all cancers combined). Similar data on cancer in Northern Ireland is available here.

This week data from representative surveys on health behaviours have been made available by the the Department of Health (ROI) and the Department of Health (NI)

Northern Ireland

First results from Health Survey Northern Ireland 2016/17 are now available. This annual survey collects information on the health behaviours of the population in Northern Ireland age 16 and older. Prevalence of smoking has fallen to 20%, with 62% of smokers reporting that they wanted to quit and 75% reporting that they had tried to stop smoking. The proportion of the population eating 5 or more portions of fruit or vegetables in a day rose from 37% to 43% over the last two survey years. 36% of the adult population are overweight, and 27% are obese, with no increase on last year but a general upward trend in obesity over the decade.

Republic of Ireland

The publication of the Northern Ireland data coincides with the publication of data from the Healthy Ireland Survey 2017 in the Republic of Ireland. The key findings include: smoking is down 1% from 2015 figures to 22%; 76% of Ireland have drank alcohol in the past year, up 1% from 2016; the daily consumption of sugar sweetened drinks is up 2% from 2016 to 16%; 62% of Ireland is overweight or obese, up 1% from 2015. This year, there is data on four new topics – active travel, sexual health, antibiotics and breastfeeding. 18% of Ireland uses active travel as part of their daily journey to work or education. 21% and 22% have had a HIV and STI/STD test, respectively, in their lifetime. In the previous 12 months, 39% were prescribed antibiotics. 49% of those with children indicated that at least one of their children has been breastfed.

Off to a good start? Primary school experiences and the transition to second-level education

Strong maths skills at primary level and positive student-teacher relationships at second level key to transition

Growing Up in Ireland today (19 October 2017) publishes a new report from the study on young people’s transition from primary to second-level education: Off to a Good Start? Primary School Experiences and the Transition to Second-Level Education, by Emer Smyth, ESRI. The report is being launched by the Minister for Children and Youth Affairs, Dr Katherine Zappone, TD, at an event held at the ESRI.

The transition to second-level education is a major landmark in young people’s lives, as they adjust to new teachers, new school subjects and new friends. Off to a Good Start? looks at the way in which primary school experiences can provide a crucial foundation for a successful transition to second-level education. The findings are based on interviews conducted with young people when they were 9 and 13 years of age, as well as interviews with their parents and questionnaires completed by their principals and teachers. The report emphasises young people’s own views and perspectives, highlighting important issues for policy development and school practice.

Working Together for Better Health & Wellbeing: Understanding What Works

The Institute of Public Health in Ireland (IPH) and partners (Department of Health (NI), Department of Health (RoI), Public Health Agency, Centre of Excellence for Public Health (QUB) and the Health Service Executive) are organising a one day conference to share learning and facilitate discussion on what works in public health in Ireland, North and South.

Parallel sessions will run throughout the day with twelve workshops covering a wide range of public health topics: Active Ageing, Children & Young People, Healthy Communities – Physical Activity, Wellbeing Services, Infectious Diseases, Participation & Public Involvement, Making Use of Research & Data, Healthy Eating, Mental Health, Healthy Workplaces, Alcohol, and Tobacco.

Registration and full conference programme to follow

A joint resource between the two Northern Ireland universities, ARK was established in 2000. ARK has a single goal: to make social science information on Northern Ireland available to the widest possible audience. Users include researchers, teachers, schoolchildren, policymakers, journalists, community/voluntary sector workers and anyone with an interest in Northern Ireland Society and Politics.

ARK seeks to build both a solid infrastructure and increased capacity as social policy issues have come under fresh scrutiny across all areas, a lobbying culture has emerged and with it the opportunity to stimulate public debate on these issues.

Eating 10 portions of fruit and vegetables a day may give us longer lives, say researchers

The study, by Imperial College London, showed that while eating the recommended five a day still helps reduce the risk of disease, the highest benefits are seen in people who consume 10 portions and calculated such eating habits could prevent 7.8 million premature deaths each year. A portion counts as 80g (3oz) of fruit or veg - the equivalent of a small banana, a pear or three heaped tablespoons of spinach or peas. The team also identified specific fruit and veg that reduced the risk of cancer and heart disease. Lower risks of cancer were linked to eating; green veg (eg spinach); yellow veg (eg peppers), and cruciferous vegetables (eg cauliflower). Lower risks of heart disease and strokes were linked to eating; apples; pears; citrus fruits; salads; green leafy vegetables (eg lettuce) and cruciferous veg.

The number of people living with depression is increasing, 18% between 2005 and 2015. In the lead-up to World Health Day on 7 April, which this year will focus on this increasingly important issue, WHO is releasing today a new global report on health estimates on depression. This report provides latest available estimates of the prevalence of depression and other common mental disorders at the global and regional level, together with data concerning the consequences of these disorders in terms of lost health. Reliable, up-to-date estimates of the proportion of a general population affected by different diseases or health conditions is a key ingredient of effective health policy, planning and evaluation.