this white matter structure is where mylinated fibers converge from all parts of the cerebral cortex and descend into the brainstem

Internal Capsule

if you have an abnormal knee reflex, where might you find a lesion

the knee reflex corresponds to the lumbar 2,3,4 spinal segments

if you have a lesion in the Sacral 1 spinal segment, which reflex will be abnormal?

Ankle reflex

what part of the body will be affected if there is a lesion below the medulla?

motor impairment will be on the ipsilateral side of the body

this system helps to maintain muscle tone and to control body movements

Basal ganglia system

what is the corticobulbar tract?

A white matter pathway connecting the cerebral cortex to the brainstem;
tracts synapse in the brainstem with motor nuclei of the cranial nerves. The muscles of the face, head and neck are controlled by this system.

What are the two sensory pathways by which impulses reach the sensory cortex in the brain?

Spinothalamic tract
Posterior columns

Which tract conducts sensations of pain, temperature and crude touch to the thalamus?

Spinothalamic tract (anterolateral pathway)

Which tract conducts sensations of position, vibration, and fine touch to the medulla where they cross and then are sent to the thalamus?

Posterior columns (discriminative pathway)

which lobe is responsible for planning, problem solving, intellectual insight, judgment, and expression of emotion?

Frontal lobe

where does emotion originate?

in the amygdala of the limbic system

This lobe integrates and interprets somatic, visual, and auditory information that is critical for recognition of the familiar