Orthopaedic Surgeons are experts in joint and bone disorders that may require surgical intervention. Some further specialize in specific areas such as hand surgery or sports injuries. Areas of emphasis include disorders and diseases related to the function of the extremities, spine and associated structures by surgical and physical procedures. Congenital deformities trauma, infections, tumors and metabolic disturbances of the muscular and skeletal systems are diagnosed and treated. Treatment may involve arthroscopic examinations and surgery of the joints.