Cytoarchitecture or Cytoarchitectonics (<Gk. κύτος=cell + αρχιτεκτονική=architecture) is the study of the cellular composition of the body's tissues under the microscope. The two terms can be used interchangeably but the latter term: Cytoarchitectonics, is more commonly found in the neuroscience literature.

In biology, cytoarchitecture refers to the arrangement of cells in a tissue or the molecular construction of a cell. In neuroscience, it refers specifically to the arrangement of neuronalsoma (cell bodies) in the brain and spinal cord.