Molecules with same molecular formula but with different strucral arrangements of atoms

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Stereoisomers

Compounds with same structural formula but with a different arrangement of atoms in space

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E/Z Isomerism

Type of stereoisomerism in which different groups attached to each carbon of a c=c double bond may be arranged differntly in space because of the restricted rotation of the c=c double bond

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Cis/Trans Isomerism

Special type of E/Z Isomerism in which there is a non-hydrogen group and gidrogen on each C of the c=c double bond: cis isomer has the H atoms on each Carbon on the same side: Trans isomer has the H atoms on each Carbon on different sides

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Homolytic Fission

Breaking of a covalent bond with of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming 2 radicals

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Heterolytic Fission

Breaking of a covalent bond with both of the bonded electrons going to one of the atoms, forming a cation (+ve) & an anion (-ve)

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Fractional Distillation

Separation of the components in a liquid mixture into fraction which differ in boiling pt. (& therefore chemical composition) by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column

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Cracking

Breaking down of long chained saturated hydrocarbons to form a mixture of shorter chained alkanes & alkenes

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Initiation

1st step in a radical substitution in which the free radicals are generated by UV radiation

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Propagation

2 repeated steps in radical substitution that build up tyhe products in a chain reaction

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Termination

Step @ end of a radical substitution when 2 radicals combine to form a molecule

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Addition Polymer

Very long molecular chain, formed by repeated addition reactions of many unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers)

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Addition Polymerisation

Process in which unsaturated alkene molecules (monomers) add on to a growing polymer chain one @ a time, to form a very long saturated molecular chain

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Pi Bond

Reactive pat of a double bond formed above & below the plane of the bonded atoms by sideways overlap of p-orbitals

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Repeat Unit

Specific arrangement of atoms that occurs in the structure over and over again. Repeat units are incl. in brackets, outside of which in symbol 'n'.