Linking radial tree-growth variables with remotely-sensed terrestrial vegetation indices provides a basis for using tree rings as proxies for ecosystem primary productivity over large space and long time scales.

We present reconstructions of the climate of the last millennium using grape harvest dates, stable isotope composition in human teeth enamel and in tree-rings. We specifically discuss the various proxies (model, database, and transfer function) and their application for reconstructing climate and environmental variables including temperature, drought and isotopic composition of precipitation. We focus on the climate variability of Europe during the Little Ice Age. We also show an application to the reconstruction of human mobility in Northern Europe.