In addition to gathering a detailed history, the specialists will assess the anatomic relationships in the maxillofacial region. With a skull x-rays, the physician can ascertain the level of obstruction. Specialists will sometimes conduct a naso-pharyngeal exam with a flexible fiber-optic camera. To confirm the amount of cardiovascular compromise and decreased oxygenation levels, they may recommend a sleep study.

There are several treatment options available:

An initial treatment may include a nasal CPAP machine, which delivers pressurized oxygen through a nasal mask to limit obstruction at night. This is the gold standard of care.

An uvulo-palato-pharyngo-plasty (UPPP) is a surgical option that is performed in the back of the soft palate and throat.

Another procedure is called a laser assisted uvulo-palato-plasty (LAUPP).

In other cases, specialists use a radio-frequency probe to tighten the soft palate.

In more complex cases, the bones of the upper and lower jaw may be repositioned to increase the size of the airway (orthognathic surgery). This procedure is done in the hospital under general anesthesia.