1664 The Battle of Tippermuir was fought, with Royalist forces pitched against Scots Covenanters. The battle, which was part of the 'wars of the three kingdoms' was a Royalist victory under the command of James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose (pictured) who instructed his men, who were vastly outnumbered by Covenanters, to arm themselves with stones and rush at the enemy, in order to reclaim the town of Perth.Although the Royalists suffered few losses, around 2,000 Covenanters were killed or injured and a group of townspeople who were caught up in the fighting also became casualties of the battle.

1887 - Emile Berliner filed for a patent for his invention of the lateral-cut, flat-disk gramophone. It is a device that is better known as a record player. Thomas Edison made the idea work.

1905 - Saskatchewan and Alberta became the ninth and tenth provinces of Canada.

1939 - World War II began when Germany invaded Poland.

1969 - Col. Moammar Gadhafi came into power in Libya after the government was overthrown.

1985 - The Titanic was found by Dr. Robert Ballard and Jean Louis Michel in a joint U.S. and French expedition. The wreck site is located 963 miles northeast of New York and 453 miles southeast of the Newfoundland coast.

1986 - Jerry Lewis raised a record $34 million for Muscular Dystrophy during his annual telethon for Jerry’s kids over the Labor Day weekend.

1998 - J.K. Rowling's book "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone" was released in the U.S. This was the first book in the Harry Potter series.

1664 After days of negotiation, the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam surrenders to the British, who will rename it New York.

1666 The Fire of London is extinguished after two days.

1774 - The first session of the U.S. Continental Congress convened in Philadelphia. The delegates drafted a declaration of rights and grievances, organised the Continental Association, and elected Peyton Randolph as the first president of the Continental Congress.

1793 - In France, the "Reign of Terror" began. The National Convention enacted measures to repress the French Revolutionary activities.

1870 Author Victor Hugo returns to Paris from the Isle of Guernsey where he had lived in exile for almost 20 years.

1910 Marie Curie demonstrates the transformation of radium ore to metal at the Academy of Sciences in France.

1914 - Babe Ruth hit his first home run as a professional player in the International League.

1972 "Black September," a Palestinian terrorist group take 11 Israeli athletes hostage at the Olympic Games in Munich; by midnight all hostages and all but 3 terrorists are dead.

1980 - The St. Gothard Tunnel opened in Switzerland. It is the world's longest highway tunnel at 10.14 miles long.

1985 - Rioting in South Africa spilled into white neighborhoods for the first time.

1991 - Soviet lawmakers created an interim government to usher in the confederation after dissolving the U.S.S.R. The new name the Union of Sovereign States was taken.

2003 - In London, magician David Blaine entered a clear plastic box and then suspended by a crane over the banks of the Thames River. He remained there until October 19 surviving only on water.

John Erskine, the 6th Earl of Mar, began the first major Jacobite rebellion by raising the standard of James Francis Edward Stewart, the 'Old Pretender' on this day in 1715. Mar, who was known as 'bobbing John' for his changing allegiances, was forced to flee the country after the rebellion failed following the Battle of Sheriffmuir. The Old Pretender also fled to Europe following the battle and was offered asylum in Rome.The Stewart cause was resurrected in 1745 with support for James Stewart's son Charles, the 'young pretender', also known as Bonnie Prince Charlie.

The Battle of Pinkie Cleugh was fought on this day in 1547 between Scottish and English forces. The battle, which was fought close to Musselburgh, was fought as part of the 'rough wooing' in which England's King Henry VIII tried to demand a marriage between his son Edward and the young Mary Queen of Scots.The battle saw up to 36,000 Scottish troops face an army of around 16,000 English soldiers, but despite their superiority in numbers, the Scots were heavily defeated during a day which became known as 'black Saturday', with 15,000 Scots killed.

King James VII of Scotland (II of England) died in exile on 16 September 1701 at St Germain en Laye in France. James was the second son of King Charles I (the two are pictured here) and was the last Roman Catholic monarch to rule Scotland.

All material in the site Glasgow Guide is copyright of the Glasgow Guide Organisation. This material is for your own private use only, and no part of the site may be reproduced, amended, modified, copied, or transmitted to third parties, by any means whatsoever without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. All rights reserved.