Development of a Lab-on-a-Chip Device to Detect DNA Double Strand Breaks in Situ

Development of a Lab-on-a-Chip Device to Detect DNA Double Strand Breaks in Situ

793 WordsJan 29th, 20183 Pages

Current technology requires laborious manipulation of the cell sample by fixation and staining with antibody and an optical-based detection. All in all, the process may take up to several days before results are retrieved. The development of an on-site, immediate monitoring system will greatly benefit our understanding of DNA damage causes and prevention as well assessment of radiation risk by tracking such events instantaneously. Our proposed device is based on individually addressable carbon-nanotube (CNT)- array capable of multiplexing for detection of multiple analytes and targets from a biological sample. The impact of this device in our information-based world is manifold. Not only will the device make it accessible for the user to track, assess and follow trends of their own DNA damage levels but also empowers the user in making more informed lifestyle choices. Introduction
With rising urbanization, the DNA in our cells is increasingly being exposed to DNA damaging agents such as UV light, mutagenic chemicals, reactive oxygen species generated by Ionizing Radiation (IR) or redox cycling by heavy metal ions and radio-mimetic drugs etc. DNA Double-strand breaks (DSBs) occur when reactive oxygen species react with DNA bases causing lesions in the chromosomes and the formation of foci known as Radiation-induced foci (RFI). RFI are marked by the…

DNA RNA
Double helix structure made of two DNA strands Made up of a single strand
In DNA adenine base pairs with thymine
In RNA adenine base pairs with uracil
There is only one type of DNA There are three types of RNA; messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and transfer RNA (tRNA)
Made up of monomers called nucleotides, which is made up of three parts; pentose sugar, nitrogenous base and a phosphate group Made up of monomers called nucleotides, which is made up of three parts; pentose…

For years scientific studies have aided the development of brain interfacing devices. Brain interfacing has been used with computers, animals, and other human beings. Harvard and researchers Pais-Vieira and Miguel were both successful in creating a brain interfacing device that could control the movements of lab rates. Scientist have managed to create devices that can manipulate the thoughts and movements of other human beings.
Brain interfacing is when scientist use computers to communicate and…

DNA Chip - Genetic Testing of the Future
Many, if not most diseases, have their roots in our genes. Genes, through the proteins they encode, determine how efficiently we process foods, how effectively we detoxify poisons, and how vigorously we respond to infections. In the past 20 years, amazing new techniques have allowed scientists to learn a great deal about how genes work and how they are linked to disease. This rapid pace of discovery of genetic factors, responsible for certain diseases,…

technique of producing recombinant hybrid DNA by combining two different strands of DNA. The fundamental concept of genetic engineering is gene cloning; the technique of altering the genetic structure of an organism. Gene cloning has four basic processes, namely cutting : the process of isolating the required starnd of DNA, modification : the process of altering the ends of the strand so that they could be attached to another strand, ligation : aligning the strands in order, and transformation : the process…

DNA Extraction of a Musa acuminata
Biology Lab Report
\Analyze and Interpret
A number of steps are required to isolate DNA from cellular contents. Describe what happens at each step, and why it acts to separate the parts of the cell. /6
There are three specific steps required to isolate DNA from its cellular contents. The steps used to remove and expose DNA from its cell are: breaking down the food type you are using by crushing it, for example a banana or strawberries, exposing the substance…

The discovery of the DNA double helix is known to be accredited to James Watson and Francis Crick. Watson describes the events that led up to the discovery in his book The Double Helix. Although they both have put in a significant amount of time and work to find the structure of DNA, one individual who was key to putting their pieces together was Rosalind Franklin. Considering Franklin’s efforts and contributions to the X-ray diffraction images of DNA, which have helped Watson and Crick with their…

Class II Devices (RFID Chips)
A class II device is capable of saving your life, however, a class II device will negatively impact your life as well because they have harsh side effects and they invade your privacy. “It is very reasonable to think that in the near future all Americans will elect to have RFID chips or Legislation will be passed that mandates RFID chips. Not only could they monitor your health status, they could be used as a GPS, a means to transfer currency, cell phones, computers…

Among the many types of DNA damage, one of the most severe is DNA double strand breaks (DSB). DNA DSBs occur when two complementary strands break simultaneously generating two strands which are not being held together by base-pairing and chromatin structure. Few known causes for DSB are ionizing radiation, chemical mutagens, reactive oxygen species and drugs which are used for chemotherapy (Goodsell, 2005). This breakage can cause chromosomal rearrangement such as translocation and inversion, consequentially…

Introduction:
DNA replication is one of the fundamental processes involved with the central dogma and is instrumental in the development of mutations, alternations and others changes that allow the process of evolution to operate and proceed leading to the biodiversity. In the process proposed by Watson and Crick (1953), the double helix unwinds to expose the bases in each strand of the DNA , where each of the two separate strands act as the template or molecular mould for the synthesis of a new…