Description: Lorenzo Valla (Lorenzo de Valle, Laurentius Vallensis), 1407-1457. Italian Renaissance humanist scholar, who combated medieval Scholastic teachings and strove to reestablish Stoic and Epicurean thought. He is most remembered today as the classicist who showed that the "Donation of Constantine was a forgery.

Description: Lorenzo Valla (Lorenzo de Valle, Laurentius Vallensis), 1407-1457. Italian Renaissance humanist scholar, who combated medieval Scholastic teachings and strove to reestablish Stoic and Epicurean thought. He is most remembered today as the classicist who showed that the "Donation of Constantine was a forgery.

Lorenzo Valla (Lorenzo de Valle, Laurentius Vallensis), 1407-1457. Italian Renaissance humanist scholar, who combated medieval Scholastic teachings and strove to reestablish Stoic and Epicurean thought. He is most remembered today as the classicist who showed that the "Donation of Constantine was a forgery.

Description: Lucilio (Giulio Cesare) Vanini, 1585-1619. Early modern Italian humanist scholar, who was burnt at the stake on charges of atheism and witchcraft. Some of his teachings anticipated the writings of Darwin.

Lucilio (Giulio Cesare) Vanini, 1585-1619. Early modern Italian humanist scholar, who was burnt at the stake on charges of atheism and witchcraft. Some of his teachings anticipated the writings of Darwin.

French philosopher, cultural theorist and urbanist best known for his writings about technology and its relationship to speed and power, with diverse references to architecture, the arts, the city and the military.

Description: Juan Luis (Ludovicus) Vives, 1492-1540. Spanish humanist philosopher and classicist who moved to France to escape the Inquisition. For a time, he served as a tutor for the daughter of Henry VIII of England, but he was imprisoned and expelled for his opposition to the king''s divorce.

Juan Luis (Ludovicus) Vives, 1492-1540. Spanish humanist philosopher and classicist who moved to France to escape the Inquisition. For a time, he served as a tutor for the daughter of Henry VIII of England, but he was imprisoned and expelled for his opposition to the king's divorce.