The group of non-small cell lung carcinomas includes tumors that are variable at the clinical, histopathological and molecular levels. Advances in the understanding of molecular pathology of lung adenocarcinomas in particular led to changes in their histopathological classification and treatment. Patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma harboring specific mutations benefit from the administration of specific targeted therapy. Analysis of EGFR gene mutations and ALK rearrangement in lung adenocarcinomas are already routinely performed and are closely related to the indication for the administration of tyrosinkinase inhibitors...

BACKGROUND: In 2017, the Australian Government funded the update of the National Physical Activity Recommendations for Children 0-5 years, with the intention that they be an integration of movement behaviours across the 24-h period. The benefit for Australia was that it could leverage research in Canada in the development of their 24-h guidelines for the early years. Concurrently, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group published a model to produce guidelines based on adoption, adaption and/or de novo development using the GRADE evidence-to-decision framework...

BACKGROUND: Healthcare is a labor-intensive sector in which half of the expenses are dedicated to human resources. Therefore, policy makers, at national and internal levels, attend to the number of practicing professionals and the skill mix. This paper aims to analyze the European forecasting model for supply and demand of physicians. METHODS: To describe the forecasting tools used for physician planning in Europe, a grey literature search was done in the OECD, WHO, and European Union libraries...

BACKGROUND: The scarcity of human organs requires the transplant community to make difficult allocation decisions. This process begins at individual medical centers, where transplant teams decide which patients to place on the transplant waiting list. Each transplant center utilizes its own listing criteria to determine if a patient is eligible for transplantation. These criteria have historically considered preexisting affective and psychotic disorders to be relative or absolute contraindications to transplantation...

Numerous new data on the diagnosis and management of valvular heart disease published since 2012 made an update of the practice guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery necessary. This was particularly the case for the use of catheter interventional treatment, indications for intervention in asymptomatic patients, medical treatment and organization of care. This review summarizes the most important changes in the recommendations.

Based on the German Transfusion Law, the periodically updated guidelines "Richtlinien zur Gewinnung von Blut und Blutbestandteilen und zur Anwendung von Blutprodukten" ("Hämotherapierichtlinien") are intended to provide the current knowledge and state of the art of blood transfusion practice in Germany. The novel update 2017 contains relevant changes for blood donation, especially the extension of the exclusion period of persons at risk for sexually transmitted HBV, HCV and HIV diseases to 12 months. Moreover, the guidelines provide several changes relevant to blood transfusion practice in anesthesiology, such as: all autologous hemotherapy procedures including normovolemic hemodilution, cell saver, and autologous blood donation and transfusion require formal registration at the regulatory authority...

The TNM classification of malignant tumours is a mainstay tool in clinical practice and research for prognostic assessment of patients, treatment allocation and trial enrolment, as well as for epidemiological studies and data collection by cancer registries worldwide. Pathological TNM (pTNM) represents the pathological classification of a tumor, assigned after surgical resection or adequate sampling by biopsy, and periodical updates to the relative classification criteria are necessary to preserve its clinical relevance by integrating newly reported data...

The management of low-grade glioma (LGG) is shifting as evidence has emergedthat refutes the previously commonplace imaging-based 'watch and wait' approach, in favour of early aggressive surgical resection. This coupled with the recent 2016 update to the World Health Organisation Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System is changing LGG imaging and management. Recently in Practical Neurology the contemporary management of low-grade glioma and the changes to this grading system were discussed in detail...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Since 1979, the World Health Organization (WHO) has periodically published a consensus classification and grading of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) to ensure uniform histopathologic diagnostic criteria worldwide. In 2016, the WHO published an update of the fourth edition of the classification of CNS tumors. This article summarizes the major changes in the update and discusses their impact on clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS: For the first time, the 2016 revision of the WHO classification uses molecular parameters in addition to traditional histology to diagnose many CNS tumors, resulting in major restructuring of the classification of many tumors, especially gliomas, ependymomas, and medulloblastomas...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of implementing the Adolescent Champion model, a novel quality improvement program targeted at helping primary care sites become more adolescent-centered. STUDY DESIGN: Nine primary care sites from pediatrics, family medicine, and medicine-pediatrics implemented the Adolescent Champion model. Each site identified a multidisciplinary champion team to undergo training on adolescent-centered care, deliver prepackaged trainings to other staff and providers, make youth-friendly site changes, implement a standardized flow to confidentially screen for risky behaviors, and complete a quality improvement project regarding confidentiality practices...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing globally, an increase which has major implications for both population health and costs to health services. This is an update of a Cochrane Review. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of strategies to change the behaviour of health professionals or the organisation of care compared to standard care, to promote weight reduction in children and adults with overweight or obesity. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the following databases for primary studies up to September 2016: CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, DARE and PsycINFO...

OBJECTIVES: Surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR) is coming under close scrutiny with the recent upswing in the use of less invasive approaches. The aim of this analysis was to identify current trends in patient selection, procedural characteristics and outcomes after sAVR in Germany. METHODS: We analysed data from 42 776 patients included in the German Aortic Valve Registry who underwent sAVR with and without coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) between 2011 and 2015...

BACKGROUND: There is a need for data on children's self-reported discomfort in clinical research, helping ethics committees to make their evaluation of discomfort described in study protocols evidence-based. Since there is no appropriate instrument to measure children's discomfort during medical research procedures, we aimed to develop a generic, short and child-friendly instrument: the DISCO-RC questionnaire (DISCOmfort in Research with Children). METHODS: This article describes the six steps of the development of the DISCO-RC...

This report describes the outcomes of a process undertaken to review and update the National Safety Council's Alcohol, Drugs and Impairment Division's recommendations for the toxicological investigation of suspected alcohol and drug-impaired driving cases and motor vehicle fatalities. The updates to the recommendations are made based on a survey of practices in laboratories in the USA and Canada performing testing in these cases, consideration of existing epidemiological crash and arrest data, current drug use patterns, and practical considerations of widely available technology platforms in laboratories performing this work...

BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a progressive or relapsing and remitting paralysing illness, probably due to an autoimmune response, which should benefit from corticosteroid treatment. Non-randomised studies suggest that corticosteroids are beneficial. Two commonly used corticosteroids are prednisone and prednisolone. Both are usually given as oral tablets. Prednisone is converted into prednisolone in the liver so that the effect of the two drugs is usually the same...

Purpose To provide evidence-based guidance on the use of platelet transfusion in people with cancer. This guideline updates and replaces the previous ASCO platelet transfusion guideline published initially in 2001. Methods ASCO convened an Expert Panel and conducted a systematic review of the medical literature published from September 1, 2014, through October 26, 2016. This review builds on two 2015 systematic reviews that were conducted by the AABB and the International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine Guidelines...

BACKGROUND: There are many challenges associated with ontology building, as the process often touches on many different subject areas; it needs knowledge of the problem domain, an understanding of the ontology formalism, software in use and, sometimes, an understanding of the philosophical background. In practice, it is very rare that an ontology can be completed by a single person, as they are unlikely to combine all of these skills. So people with these skills must collaborate. One solution to this is to use face-to-face meetings, but these can be expensive and time-consuming for teams that are not co-located...

People with disabilities are one of the most vulnerable groups to natural hazards. Preparedness is critical to protect life and reduce disaster impact. This article discusses the knowledge of the disaster preparedness behaviors of people with disabilities using updated, representative data from Taiwan (2013 Taiwan Social Change Survey), with a comparison to households without disabled members. The adoption of 6 preparedness activities-relocating vehicles or valuable things to a safer place, purchasing insurance, securing furniture, preparing an emergency kit, planning evacuation, and participating in drills-are used separately as dependent variables...

INTRODUCTION: The ongoing rise in the numbers of chronically ill people necessitates efforts for effective self-management. Goal setting and action planning are frequently used, as they are thought to support patients in changing their behavior. However, it remains unclear how goal setting and action planning in the context of self-management are defined in the scientific literature. This study aimed to achieve a better understanding of the various definitions used. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted, searching PubMed, Cinahl, PsychINFO and Cochrane...