9. B. H. Lavenda, Fads and Fallacies in Cosmology

Fads and Fallacies in Cosmology

Fallacies related to the early evolution of the universe and black holes are discussed in relation to the use of thermodynamics and a version of Einstein's relation between mass and energy. Although photons possess a mass equivalency, we assert that they do not possess an inertial mass and hence cannot self‐gravitate. Consequently, the photon energy density cannot appear in the energy‐momentum tensor in Einstein's equation. Furthermore, the entropy of a black hole cannot be proportional to the square of the internal energy, since that would lead to a contradiction with the second law.