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1 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS HOUSTON DIVISION SCOTTSDALE INSURANCE COMPANY, Plaintiff, V. Civ. Action No. 4:11-cv THE SALLY GROUP, LLC d/b/a RIO 24 CIGARS AND PREMIER BAR, Defendant. MEMORANDUM AND ORDER Before the Court is Plaintiff Scottsdale Insurance Company s Motion for Summary Judgment ( Motion ). (Doc. No. 11.) After considering the Motion, all responses and replies thereto, and the applicable law, the Court concludes that the Motion should be GRANTED. I. FACTS Invoking this Court s diversity jurisdiction, Scottsdale Insurance Company ( Scottsdale or Plaintiff ) brought this lawsuit against The Sally Group LLC d/b/a Rio 24 Cigars and Premier Bar ( Rio 24 or Defendant ) seeking Declaratory Relief pursuant to 2201 of the Federal Civil Judicial Procedure and Rules. Scottsdale issued Policy Number CPS (the Policy ), effective July 27, 2010 to July 27, 2011, to the named insured, Rio 24. (Doc. No. 1, Complaint 5.) Rio 24 owned a cigar bar located at 24 Waterway, 110 The Woodlands, Texas. According to Rio 24, its humidor did not function as intended from the inception of its business on July 10, (Id.) This problem allegedly continued until the business closed on November 22, (Id.) The 1

2 improper functioning of the humidor led to humidity levels outside of tolerance for the cigars stored at Rio 24 s business. (Id.) When Rio 24 employees observed mold in the humidor, the landlord ordered the destruction of Rio 24 s inventory. (Id.) Scottsdale avers that the extreme fluctuations of humidity levels did not result from the breaking apart or mechanical breakdown of a component of the humidifier. (Id.) Rather, Scottsdale contends, the improper humidification was either the result of improper design of the humidifier, improper installation of the regulator to the humidifier, improper design and construction of the ductwork servicing the humidifier, or a combination of all of these factors. (Id.) Furthermore, Scottsdale contends, Rio 24 s insurance policy lapsed for approximately one month from June 30 to July 27, (Id. 7.) Accordingly, Scottsdale argues, the loss to the property from the improper humidity began before the second policy incepted. (Id.) Therefore, Scottsdale insists, the loss did not commence within the Policy Period, a condition precedent to coverage, as included in the Commercial Property Conditions Form. (Ex. B, Scottsdale Insurance Policy CPS , at Appx. 145.) Additionally, pursuant to the insuring agreement of the Building and Personal Property Coverage Form, Scottsdale agreed to pay for direct physical loss of or damage to Covered Property at the premises described in the Declarations caused by or resulting from any Covered Cause of Loss. (Compl. 8.) According to the Policy, Covered Property, as used in the Coverage Part, includes tenant betterments and improvement made by Rio 24 to business personal property, but not to the structure. (Id. 9.) Scottsdale alleges that the Coverage Form also requires that the loss be caused by a Covered Cause of Loss, as shown in the Supplemental Declarations at 2

3 Form CPS-SD-1(9-00). (Id. 10.) The Commercial Property Coverage Part Supplemental Declarations lists the Covered Causes of Loss to be in the Special form. (Id.) Form CP (6-07) Causes of Loss Special Form, states: A. Covered Causes of Loss When Special is shown In the Declarations, Covered Causes of Loss means Risks of Direct Physical Loss unless the loss is: 1. Excluded in Section B., Exclusions; or 2. Limited in Section C., Limitations; that follow. (Scottsdale Insurance Policy CPS , at Appx. 210.) Scottsdale contends that some of these exclusions preclude coverage for Rio 24 s loss. (Compl. 11.) Specifically, Section B, Exclusions describes the following excluded causes of loss: 1. We will not pay for loss or damage caused directly or indirectly by any of the following. Such loss or damage is excluded regardless of any other cause or event that contributes concurrently or in any sequence to the loss. h. Fungus, Wet Rot, Dry Rot And Bacteria Presence, growth, proliferation, spread or any activity of fungus, wet for dry rot or bacteria. E. Additional Coverage Limited Coverage for Fungus, Wet Rot, Dry Rot And Bacteria 1. The coverage described in E.2. and E.6. only applies when the fungus, wet rot or dry rot or bacteria is the result of one or more of the following causes that occurs during the policy period and only if all reasonable means were used to save and preserve the property from further damage at the time of and after that occurrence. a. A specified cause of loss other than fire or lightning; or 3

4 b. Flood, if the Flood Coverage Endorsement applies to the affected premises. (Scottsdale Insurance Policy CPS , at Appx. 210.) According to Scottsdale, fungus includes mold. (Compl. 13.) Scottsdale insists that the Additional Limited Coverage for mold does not apply here because the mold was not caused by a specified cause of loss. (Id.) The Policy defines specified causes of loss as follows: G. Definitions 1. Fungus means any type or form of fungus, including mold or mildew, and any mycotoxins, spores, scents or by-products produced or released by fungi. 2. Specified causes of loss means the following: fire; lightning; explosion; windstorm or hail; smoke; aircraft or vehicles; riot or civil commotion; vandalism; leakage from fire-extinguishing equipment; sinkhole collapse; volcanic action; falling objects; weight of snow, ice or sleet; water damage. c. Water damage means accidental discharge or leakage of water or stream as the direct result of the breaking apart or cracking of a plumbing, heating, air condition or other system or appliance (other than a sump system including its related equipment and parts), that is located on the described premises and contains water or steam. (Scottsdale Insurance Policy CPS , at Appx. 223.) Scottsdale insists that the problems with the humidification system were not the result of a breaking apart or cracking of the air conditioning system or humidifier. (Compl. 14.) Thus, Scottsdale concludes, the mold was not caused by and did not result in a specified cause of loss as 4

5 defined by the Policy. (Id.) Additionally, Scottsdale observes that Form CP (6-07) reflects as follows: 2. We will not pay for loss or damage caused by or resulting from any of the following: d. (1) Wear and tear; (7) The following causes of loss to personal property: (a) Dampness or dryness of atmosphere; (b) Changes in or extremes of temperature; or (c) Marring or scratching. f. Continuous or repeated seepage or leakage of water, or the presence or condensation of humidity, moisture or vapor, that occurs over a period of 14 days or more. m. Neglect of an insured to use all reasonable means to save and preserve property from further damage at and after the time of loss. 3. We will not pay for loss or damage caused by or resulting from any of the following, 3.a. through 3.c. But if an excluded cause of loss that is listed In 3.a. through 3.c. results in a Covered Cause of Loss, we will pay or the loss or damage caused by that Covered Cause of Loss. b. Acts or decisions, including the failure to act or decide, of any person, group, organization or governmental body. c. Faulty, inadequate or defective: (2) Design, specifications, workmanship, repair, construction, renovation, remodeling, grading, compaction; (3) Materials used in repair, construction, renovation or remodeling; or (4) Maintenance; 5

6 of part or all of any property on or off the described premises. (Scottsdale Insurance Policy CPS , at Appx. 211.) Scottsdale insists that the loss in this case resulted from dampness or dryness of atmosphere; continuous seepage of water or the presence of humidity for more than 14 days; acts or decisions of an individual; and faulty or inadequate design, specifications, workmanship, repair, or construction. (Mot. Summ. Jgmt at 14.) The Policy also contains the Equipment Breakdown Coverage Endorsement at Form CFS-21s (1-09): 1. Section A. Coverage, paragraph 4. Additional Coverage of the BUILDING AND PERSONAL PROPERTY COVERAGE FORM or BUILDERS RISK COVERAGE FORM, whichever applies, is amended to add the following: Equipment Breakdown (1) We will pay for direct physical damage to Covered Property that is a direct result of an accident. The event must be one of the following: (a) Mechanical breakdown, including rupture or bursting caused by centrifugal force; (b) Artificially generated electric current, including electric arcing that disturbs electrical devices, appliances or wires; (c) Explosion of steam boilers, steam pipes, steam engines or steam turbines owned or leased by you or operated under your control; (d) Loss or damage to steam boilers, steam pipes, steam engines or steam turbines caused by or resulting from any condition or event inside such equipment; or (e) Loss or damage to hot water boilers or other water heating equipment caused by or resulting from any condition or event inside such boilers or equipment. 6

7 5. With respect to this endorsement, the following definitions apply: (a) Accident means a fortuitous event that causes direct physical damage to covered equipment. (d) Covered equipment unless otherwise specified in the Schedule, means Covered Property: (i) that generates, transmits or utilizes energy, including electronic communications and data processing equipment; or (ii) which, during normal usage, operates under vacuum or pressure, other than weight of its own contents. (Scottsdale Insurance Policy CPS , at Appx. 225.) Scottsdale contends that, because the conditions that led to Rio 24 s loss were not the result of an accident as that term is defined, this endorsement is not triggered to provide coverage. (Compl. 17.) As none of those events in Sections (1)(a) through (e) occurred here, Scottsdale avers, this endorsement does not provide coverage to this particular loss. (Id.) The Policy further contains a Business Income (And Extra Expense) Coverage Form (Form CP ), which provides: A. Coverage 1. Business Income We will pay for the actual loss of Business Income you sustain due to the necessary suspension of your operations during the period of restoration. The suspension must be caused by direct physical loss of or damage to property at premises which are described in the Declarations and for which a Business Income Limit of Insurance is shown in the 7

8 Declarations. The loss or damage must be caused by or result from a Covered Cause of Loss. (Scottsdale Insurance Policy CPS , at Appx. 232.) Nonetheless, Scottsdale insists, this Coverage Form does not provide Rio 24 with relief because the cause of its loss the improper installation, construction and design of its humidification system was not a Covered Cause of Loss. (Compl. 19.) Scottsdale further contends that the Building and Personal Property Coverage Form (CP ) precludes Rio 24 from obtaining coverage for its loss. That Section provides: E. Loss Conditions The following conditions apply in addition to the Common Policy Conditions and the Commercial Property Conditions. 3. Duties In The Event of Loss Or Damage a. You must see that the following are done in the event of loss or damage to Covered Property: (2) Give us prompt notice of the loss or damage. Include a description of the property involved. (3) As soon as possible, give us a description of how, when and where the loss or damage occurred. (4) Take all reasonable steps to protect the Covered property from further damage, Also, if feasible, set the damaged property aside and in the best possible order for examination. (6) As often as may be reasonably required, permit us to inspect the property providing the loss or damage and examine your books and records. 8

9 (Scottsdale Insurance Policy CPS , at Appx. 195.) In this case, Scottsdale alleges, Rio 24 did not give prompt notice of the loss or damage, did not take all reasonable steps to protect the property from further damage, and did not set aside or permit an independent adjuster on behalf of Scottsdale to examine the damaged property and inventory. (Compl. 21.) According to Scottsdale, Rio 24 intentionally destroyed its inventory within two to three days of making its claim to Scottsdale and before an independent adjuster could make a site inspection. (Id.) As a consequence, Scottsdale explains, only a few samples of damaged cigars remained for the adjuster to view. (Id.) Scottsdale insists that Rio 24 was aware of the inconsistent humidity levels in its humidor since July of 2009, and aware of its inventory becoming damaged in November of 2009, about a year before it notified Scottsdale of the loss or damage. (Id.) Further, Scottsdale contends, Rio 24 did not take all steps to protect the property from further damage, such as installation of a separate air conditioning system for the humidor s humidifier and removal of the undamaged property before it was confiscated by its lender. (Id.) Accordingly, Scottsdale filed this suit seeking a judgment declaring the rights and duties of the parties. (Id. 24.) Specifically, Scottsdale seeks a declaration of Scottsdale s obligations under the Policy, if any, to Rio 24 following the improper construction, design, and/or installation of the humidification system that caused all of the damages to Rio 24 on or about July 10, 2009 through November 2, (Id.) Scottsdale argues that coverage for Rio 24 s claims is not available under the Policy because one or more exclusions apply that preclude coverage. (Id. 25.) The improper humidity levels, Scottsdale asserts, were not the result of a fortuitous event or an accident inside the humidifier. (Id.) 9

10 Rio 24 filed an Answer to Complaint for Declaratory Relief and Counterclaims. (Doc. No. 9.) According to Rio 24, it does not request that Scottsdale cover any premises damage, loss of equipment, or injury to employees or customers; its claim concerns coverage for ongoing business-related expenses it had incurred and would continue to incur in order to mitigate any continuing damages to the business premises. (Id. 26.) At the time Rio 24 reported its claim, there was $100,000 in total business interruption coverage available through the subject policy. (Id.) Rio 24 reported its claim to its insurance agent, Hotchkiss Insurance Agency, on November 22, (Id. 27.) Rio 24 explains that the agent was again contacted the following day, November 23. (Id.) Additionally, Rio 24 contends, Michael Wilson ( Wilson ), the principal of Rio 24, spoke directly with Christine Tailford of Scottsdale on November 24, explaining the loss. (Id.) Shortly after the claim was reported, Rio 24 avers, Scottsdale sent an adjuster, Rick Sukolics ( Sukolics ) to Rio 24 s business premises. (Id. 28.) Sukolics then arranged for a mechanical engineer to come to the premises. (Id.) Rio 24 accuses Scottsdale of failing to act on its claim for business interruption coverage for five months. (Id. 28.) As a consequence, Rio 24 complains, it: Defaulted on its lease agreement with Black Forest Ventures since its monthly rent could not be paid without funding of the business interruption claim; Defaulted on a Small Business Administration loan that it could not pay without funding of its business interruption claim; Had employee obligations (i.e. wages and benefits) that could not be paid without funding of its business interruption claim; Defaulted on an American Express bill in the amount of $29, that could not be paid without funding of its business interruption claim; 10

11 Could not pay its utility bills without funding of its business interruption claim; Had a time-lease obligation from POS Systems that could not be paid without funding of its business interruption claim; and Could not meet other business-related invoices and bills without funding of its business interruption claim. (Id. 29.) In fact, Rio 24 claims, due to Scottsdale s delay in the handling of Rio 24 s claim for business interruption coverage and property loss, Rio 24 in fact defaulted on its lease agreement, its Small Business Administration loan, and all other obligations it had. (Id. 30.) As a result, Rio 24 contends, it is now out of business. (Id.) According to Rio 24, Scottsdale s conduct resulted in losses to Rio 24 in excess of five million dollars. (Id.) Rio 24 brings claims against Scottsdale for breach of contract, under the Texas Insurance Code, under the Prompt Payment of Claims Act, under the Deceptive Trade Practices Act, and for breach of the duty of good faith and fair dealing. (Id ) Scottsdale filed a Motion for Summary Judgment. In the Motion, Scottsdale requests (1) that the Court issue a declaration that Scottsdale owes no coverage for Rio 24 s claims of business interruption and lost contents under the Policy; and (2) that the Court find that as Scottsdale does not owe coverage for Rio 24 s claims, it cannot be in breach of the policy by denying non-covered or excluded claims, or be liable for extracontractual claims arising from the alleged breach. (Mot. Summ. Jgmt at 9.) In its Response, Rio 24 insists that Scottsdale is not entitled to summary judgment because there exists a genuine issue of material fact regarding coverage. (Doc. No. 13, Resp. to Mot. Summ. Jgmt 11.) Alternatively, Rio 24 argues, an ambiguity exists in the Policy regarding business interruption coverage. (Id.) Therefore, Rio 24 asserts, the Policy language should be construed so as to afford coverage to Rio 24. (Id.) 11

12 II. LEGAL STANDARD To grant summary judgment, the Court must find that the pleadings and evidence show that no genuine issue of material fact exists, and therefore the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56. The party moving for summary judgment must demonstrate the absence of any genuine issue of material fact; however, the party need not negate the elements of the nonmovant s case. Little v. Liquid Air Corp., 37 F.3d 1069, 1075 (5th Cir. 1997). Facts and inferences reasonably drawn from those facts should be taken in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Nichols v. Enterasys Networks, Inc., 495 F.3d 185, 188 (5th Cir. 2007). If the moving party meets this burden, the nonmoving party must then go beyond the pleadings to find specific facts showing there is a genuine issue for trial. Id. A fact is material if its resolution in favor of one party might affect the outcome of the lawsuit under governing law. Sossamon v. Lone Star State of Texas, 560 F.3d 316, 326 (5th Cir. 2009) (quotations and footnote omitted). Where the non-moving party fails to establish the existence of an element essential to that party s case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial, no genuine issue of material fact can exist. Nichols, 395 F.3d at 186 (quoting Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, , 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986)). III. ANALYSIS This Court interprets insurance contracts using Texas general rules of contractual interpretation. Jimenez v. State Farm Lloyds, 968 F.Supp. 330, 332 (W.D. Tex. 1997) (citing Const. State Ins. Co. v. Iso-Tex Inc., 61 F.3d 405 (5th Cir. 1995)). In interpreting the Policy, this Court s primary concern is to give effect to the true intent of Scottsdale and Rio 24. Burns v. Exxon Corp., 158 F.3d 336, 340 (5th Cir. 1998) (citing Deauville 12

13 Corp. v. Federated Department Stores, Inc., 756 F.2d 1183, 1193 (5th Cir. 1985); Lenape Resources Corp. v. Tennessee Gas Pipeline Co., 925 S.W.2d 565, 574 (Tex. 1996)). To achieve this objective, this Court must examine and consider the entire writing in an effort to harmonize and give effect to all the provisions of the contract so that none will be rendered meaningless. J.M. Davidson, Inc. v. Webster, 128 S.W.3d 223, 229 (Tex. 2003) (citing R&P Enters. v. LaGuarta, Gavrel & Kirk, Inc., 596 S.W.2d 517, 518 (Tex. 1980); City of Pinehurst v. Spooner Addition Water Co., 432 S.W.2d 515, 518 (Tex. 1968)). If a written contract is so worded that it can be given a definite or certain legal meaning, then it is not ambiguous. National Union Fire Ins. Co. of Pittsburgh, PA v. CBI Industries, Inc., 907 S.W.2d 517, 520 (Tex. 1995) (citing Coker v. Coker, 650 S.W.2d 391, 393 (Tex. 1983); Universal C.I.T. Credit Corp. v. Daniel, 243 S.W.2d 154, 157 (Tex. 1951)). If, however, the language of a policy or contract is subject to two or more reasonable interpretations, it is ambiguous. Id. (citing Glover v. National Ins. Underwriters, 545 S.W.2d 755, 761 (Tex. 1977); Coker, 650 S.W.2d at 393; Universal, 243 S.W.2d at 157). Whether a contract is ambiguous is a question of law for the court to decide by looking at the contract as a whole in light of the circumstances present when the contract was entered. Id. (citing Coker, 650 S.W.2d at 394; R&P Enterprises, 596 S.W. at 518). Only where a contract is first determined to be ambiguous may the courts consider the parties interpretation, and admit extraneous evidence to determine the true meaning of the instrument. Id. (citing Sun Oil Co. (Del.) v. Madeley, 626 S.W.2d 726, 732 (Tex. 1981); R&P Enterprises, 596 S.W.2d at 518). If there is no ambiguity, however, the writing alone will be deemed to express the intention of the parties, and objective intent 13

14 rather than subjective intent controls. Burns v. Exxon Corp., 158 F.3d at 340 (citing Sun Oil Co. (Del.), 626 S.W.2d at 728). If an insurance policy is worded so that it can be given only one reasonable construction, it will be enforced as written. Jimenez, 968 F.Supp. at 332 (citing Const. State Ins. Co., 61 F.3d at 405). The Court finds that a genuine issue of material fact remains as to whether Rio 24 s loss qualifies as a known loss in progress. However, there is no genuine issue of material fact as to whether the Policy would provide coverage for Rio 24 s loss. Specifically, the record shows that the Policy would not provide coverage even if Rio 24 s loss did not qualify as a known loss in progress. As the Policy unambiguously excludes Rio 24 s loss from coverage, Scottsdale is entitled to summary judgment as to its declaratory judgment claim. Scottsdale is also entitled to summary judgment as to all of Rio 24 s claims against it. Rio 24 s breach of contract and Prompt Payment of Claims Act claims are precluded because there was no coverage under the Policy. The common law bad faith claim cannot survive the Motion for Summary Judgment because Scottsdale s conduct was not extreme. Rio 24 cannot prevail on its Texas Insurance Code claims because Scottsdale timely acknowledged the claim and retained an independent adjuster; Rio 24 did not receive a judgment in state court; and Scottsdale did not underpay the claim. Finally, Rio 24 s Deceptive Trade Practices Act claims fail because Rio 24 cannot establish that there were misrepresentations, unconscionable acts, or breaches of express or implied warranties. A. Coverage For Rio 24 s Claims i. Whether Loss was a Known Loss in Progress 14

15 Scottsdale contends that Rio 24 cannot recover under the Policy at all because it cannot take out insurance on a known loss in progress. (Mot. Summ. Jgmt at 17.) According to Scottsdale, the loss is not covered because it is undisputed that the humidor did not function as intended from the inception of business on July 10, 2009 until the business closed on November 22, (Id. at 18.) Scottsdale states that it is also undisputed that Rio 24 was aware of this loss situation. (Id.) Indeed, Wilson testified that he began noticing problems with the humidifier immediately, including overhumidification, under-humidification, and no humidification. (Ex. K to Mot. Summ. Jgmt, Michael F. Wilson Dep. 37:12-17.) The Policy had the effective dates of July 27, 2010 through July 27, (Ex. B to Mot. Summ. Jgmt, Scottsdale Insurance Policy CPS , at Appx. 132.) Clearly, Scottsdale contends, the loss to the property from improper humidity began before the Policy incepted. (Mot. Summ. Jgmt at 18.) Texas has long recognized that it is contrary to public policy for an insurance company knowingly to assume a loss occurring prior to its contract. Two Pesos, Inc. v. Gulf Ins. Co., 901 S.W.2d 495, 500 (Tex.App.-Houston [14 Dist.] 1995, no writ) (citing Burch v. Commonwealth County Mutual Ins. Co., 450 S.W.2d 838, (Tex. 1970)). [A]n insured cannot insure against something that has already begun and which is known to have begun. Matagorda Ventures, Inc. v. Travelers Lloyds Ins. Co., 203 F.Supp.2d 704, 716 (S.D. Tex. 2000) (quoting Essex Ins. Co. v. Redtail Products, Inc., No. Civ.A.3:97 CV 2120 D, 1998 WL , at *4 (N.D. Tex. Nov. 12, 1998)). A known loss is a loss the insured knew had occurred prior to making the insurance contract. Maryland Casualty Co. v. South Texas Medical Clinics, No CV, 2008 WL 98375, at *6 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi Jan. 10, 2008, pet. denied) (citing 15

16 Burch, 450 S.W. at 838; Scottsdale Ins. Co v. Travis, 68 S.W.3d 72, 75 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2001, pet. denied)). A loss in progress occurs when the insured is, or should be, aware of an ongoing progressive loss at the time the policy is purchased. Id. (citing Scottsdale Ins. Co., 68 S.W.3d at 75). In a similar vein, the Policy provides, under Form CG : 1. Insuring Agreement b. This insurance applies to bodily injury and property damage only if: (2) The bodily injury or property damage occurs during the policy period; and (3) Prior to the policy period, no insured listed under Paragraph 1 of Section III Who Is An Insured and no employee authorized by you to give or receive notice of an occurrence or claim, knew that the bodily injury or property damage had occurred, in whole or in part. If such a listed insured or authorized employee knew, prior to the policy period, that the bodily injury or property damage occurred, then any continuation, change or resumption of such bodily injury or property damage during or after the policy period will be deemed to have been known prior to the policy period. d. Bodily injury or property damage will be deemed to have been known to have occurred at the earliest time when any insured listed under Paragraph 1 of Section II Who Is An Insured or any employee authorized by you to give or receive notice of an occurrence or claim: (1) Reports all, or any part, of the bodily injury or property damage to us or any other insurer; 16

17 (2) Receives a written or verbal demand or claim for damages because of the bodily injury or property damage ; or (3) Becomes aware by any other means that bodily injury or property damage has occurred or has begun to occur. (Scottsdale Insurance Policy CPS , at Appx ) The Court concludes that a genuine issue of material fact remains as to whether Rio 24 s loss qualifies, either pursuant to Texas law or to the Policy itself, as a loss that predates the Policy s inception and is therefore uncovered. The record certainly demonstrates that the improper humidity began prior to the Policy s inception. However, the current record before this Court does not show, as Scottsdale contends, that the loss to the property due to that improper humidity began before the Policy incepted. Therefore, Scottsdale is not entitled to summary judgment on the grounds that Rio 24 s loss was a known loss in progress. ii. Equipment Breakdown Endorsement There is not a genuine issue of material fact as to whether Rio 24 s claims are covered under the Equipment Breakdown Endorsement. On December 10, 2010, after Rio 24 reported the loss to Scottsdale, Keith O Neil ( O Neil ) from Chillco Comprehensive Cooling Solutions inspected the loss. (Mot. Summ. Jgmt at 10; Ex. I to Mot. Summ. Jgmt, Keith O Neil Aff. 3.) O Neil concluded that the damages to the cigars and the facility itself were a result of the humidity levels not being maintained on a consistent basis. (Id. 5.) Additionally, O Neil found, the mold damage was caused by water saturation of the internal insulation in the ductwork. (Id.) Further, O Neil surmised that the saturation was also a result of the inability of the system to maintain proper humidity levels within the humidor a design deficiency. (Id.) In O Neil s opinion, the 17

18 damages did not result from the equipment itself or: (a) Mechanical breakdown, including rupture or bursting caused by centrifugal force; (b) Artificially generated electric current, including electric arcing that disturbs electrical devices, appliances or wires; (c) Explosion of steam boilers, steam pipes, steam engines or steam turbines; (d) Loss or damage to steam boilers, steam pipes, steam engines or steam turbines caused by or resulting from any condition or event inside such equipment; or (e) Loss or damage to hot water boilers or other water heating equipment caused by or resulting from any condition or event inside such boilers or equipment. (Id.) Therefore, the Equipment Breakdown Endorsement Form CFS-21s (1-09) does not provide coverage for Rio 24 s loss. (Scottsdale Ins. Policy, at Appx ) Specifically, although the humidifier would be covered equipment because it utilizes energy, it did not experience any of the accidents specified in 1(a) through 1(e). Wilson s testimony supports this interpretation. (Mot. Summ. Jgmt at 11.) Wilson testified: Q. How did you learn that the regulator was not hooked up? A. Ron Brown actually told us.... Q. [A]s I understand it from what your attorney was describing, it is Mr. Ron Brown s A. Right. Q: opinion that this controller in the humidor was never hooked up and connected to the Carnes unit that was in the plenum. A. Correct. 18

19 Q. Okay. And it is also his opinion that the humidity that was being produced by the Carnes unit in the plenum was being forced through the ductwork out into the bar area instead of into the humidor. A. Correct Q. So the humidifier, the Carnes steam humidifying unit, has not operated the way it was intended to operate, has it? A. No, not the way I intended it to operate. Q. And it sounds like it was the opinion of Raymark that the way the whole system for the humidor was designed and installed with that humidifying unit being on that one HVAC system was going to keep it from ever working the way you intended it to; is that correct? A. That s correct. Q. Okay. A. Although they did install it. Q. Although they did install it. But the humidifier itself did not actually have any kind of mechanical breakdown, did it? A. Not that I know of. Q. Okay. And it did not have any kind of, like, electrical surge that caused electricity to stop running through it. A. None that was ever told to me. (Wilson Dep. 64:12-14; 69:13-24; 62:19-63:13.) Accordingly, a design, construction or installation defect as opposed to a breakdown of equipment caused the reported loss. As such, the Equipment Breakdown Endorsement does not provide coverage in these circumstances. iii. Building and Personal Property Coverage Form 19

20 Rio 24 also cannot find the relief it seeks under the Building and Personal Property Coverage Form. The Building and Personal Property Coverage Form excludes coverage of loss to personal property due to dampness or dryness of atmosphere; continuous or repeated seepage or leakage of water, or the presence of condensation of humidity, moisture, or vapor, that occurs over a period of 14 days or more; or negligence of an insured to use all reasonable means to save and preserve property from further damage at and after the time of loss. (Scottsdale Insurance Policy CPS , at Appx. 195, 210.) Wilson testified that the fluctuations in humidity levels in the humidor began on July 10, 2009 and continued until November 2010 in excess of 14 days: Q. And which was the contractor that installed the humidifier? A. Apollo Construction was the general contractor. He had a subcontractor. The company was called Raymark, R-A-Y-M-A-R-K, Heating & Air Conditioning. And I believe they installed it. Q. Do you know when between January and July of 2009 that it was installed? A. I have no idea. Q. Okay. A. There will be construction documents that will have a timeline on that. Q. All right. And when did you start noticing problems with the humidifier? A. Immediately. Q. What was the problems that you were noticing? A. Over-humidification, under-humidification, no humidification. 20

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