The Course

The BSc (Hons) Biology degree at Lincoln covers a diverse range of subject areas while allowing you to develop your own specialisms. The course includes opportunities for overseas field work to study living organisms in their natural environments.

Students join a vibrant academic community in the School of Life Sciences and benefit from research-focused teaching by academics. There is an emphasis on practical work, with students conducting their own projects alongside academics and practising researchers.

You will participate in two residential field trips in the UK, enabling you to study animals and plants in the wild. These trips are part of two core modules: ‘Ecology’ in the first year and ‘Conservation Biology’ in the second year. For UK based field trips the University will cover costs of transport, accommodation and meals at the field site.

There is also an overseas field trip available in your final year as part of the optional 'Overseas Field Course' module. Further details on the Overseas Field Course, including costs, can be found in the Features tab.

The Course

The BSc (Hons) Biology degree at Lincoln covers a diverse range of subject areas while allowing you to develop your own specialisms. The course includes opportunities for overseas field work to study living organisms in their natural environments.

Students join a vibrant academic community in the School of Life Sciences and benefit from research-focused teaching by academics. There is an emphasis on practical work, with students conducting their own projects alongside academics and practising researchers.

You will participate in two residential field trips in the UK, enabling you to study animals and plants in the wild. These trips are part of two core modules: ‘Ecology’ in the first year and ‘Conservation Biology’ in the second year. For UK based field trips the University will cover costs of transport, accommodation and meals at the field site.

There is also an overseas field trip available in your final year as part of the optional 'Overseas Field Course' module. Further details on the Overseas Field Course, including costs, can be found in the Features tab.

Key Information

Full-time Duration: 3 years (4 years if taken with the optional sandwich year)

Teaching at Lincoln places a strong emphasis on students engaging actively with their studies from the outset. Students are encouraged to think of themselves as researchers and producers who can make a contribution to their field of study.

The first year of this degree introduces students to the different elements of biology, including metabolism, evolution, ecology and genetics.

In the second year, students can study modules including biomolecules, animal health and disease, animal behaviour, immunology, plant-animal interactions, and conservation biology, alongside training in research methods.

In the third year, students can select specialist areas including veterinary parasitology, genetics and bioethics, infection sciences, transfusion and transplantation, animal cognition, biotechnology, and behavioural ecology, in addition to undertaking an individual research project to develop independent investigation skills.

Contact Hours and Reading for a Degree

Students on this programme learn from academic staff who are often engaged in world-leading or internationally excellent research or professional practice. Contact time can be in workshops, practical sessions, seminars or lectures and may vary from module to module and from academic year to year. Tutorial sessions and project supervision can take the form of one-to-one engagement or small group sessions. Some courses offer the opportunity to take part in external visits and fieldwork.

It is still the case that students read for a degree and this means that in addition to scheduled contact hours, students are required to engage in independent study. This allows you to read around a subject and to prepare for lectures and seminars through wider reading, or to complete follow up tasks such as assignments or revision. As a general guide, the amount of independent study required by students at the University of Lincoln is that for every hour in class you are expected to spend at least two to three hours in independent study.

This module aims to provide an introduction to the structure, composition and function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. From this basis the module considers cell specialisation and division and an introduction to microscopy, histological and microbiological techniques which may be used to safely examine and identify cells and tissues.

This module is concerned with the principles of the diversity of anatomical form and function in animals using a comparative approach. Anatomical adaptations will be explored across taxa within the animal kingdom in order to show how different types of organisms use their anatomy to solve the similar morphological and physiological problems. Through this, an understanding of anatomically distinct and shared features across animal species can be developed using examples of how organisms from different taxa address key aspects of their life histories.

Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. These interactions can be studied across different levels of biological organisation including individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems. This module will examine how these different levels of organisation are interconnected and how the study of ecology allows us to better understand patterns in the natural world

This module is designed to provide students with an introduction to genetics by discussing the development of genetics as a field of science, from molecular genetics through Mendelian genetics, to genetics at the population level. Students have previously studied cell biology and biochemistry, and this knowledge is built on in order to consider the replication, maintenance and expression of the genome. This module aims to provide the knowledge necessary to study applications of molecular biology at a higher level.

This module aims to provide students with an overview of biochemistry at the cellular level. The importance of cellular and molecular systems will be covered with a view of highlighting key signalling pathways required to sustain cellular functions. General concepts of biochemical signalling pathways will also be introduced.

This module is designed to provide a foundation to develop an understanding and appreciation of biochemistry in the context life processes. The module will focus on basic biochemical principles and introduce the fundamental building blocks of life with the inclusion of concepts relating to the structure and functional properties of biological molecules. The importance of cellular and molecular pathways will be covered with a view of highlighting key metabolic pathways required to sustain cellular functions. Basic concepts of biochemical signalling pathways will also be introduced.

This module aims to provide a broad overview of plant form and function by reviewing the key structural characteristics of cells, tissues and organs in a range of plant species.

It investigates the diversity of plant form and the evolutionary history of plant life; emphasis is placed on the adaptations of plants to their environment. It focuses on the relationship between anatomy and the mechanical role of cells, tissues and organs. On completion of this module students would be expected to have a broad understanding of form and function in plants, key elements of plant-animal and plant-fungal co-evolution / interactions, and an appreciation of the diverse range of structures and tissues utilised by humans.

This module aims to introduce the skills and knowledge necessary to assimilate and judge scientific knowledge. Students are introduced to the tools required to search and evaluate the scientific literature relevant to their studies, and some of the key philosophical constructs around which scientific knowledge is based. Students can develop an understanding of hypothesis testing, experimental design, data collection, basic mathematical and statistical concepts and data presentation, and are shown how these methods are put into practice through a series of research seminars.

This module is based on the four ethological levels of explanation for animal behaviour; mechanism, development, function and evolution. The concepts underlying the study of animal behaviour will be covered in a range of taxonomic groups. The module will also consider the scientific approach to behavioural studies.

The module provides an overview of the biology of diseases of livestock, companion and wild animals. It is designed to introduce students to the use of laboratory techniques in the investigation of disease.

This module covers wide ranging aspects of animal nutrition using examples from insects to primates, and considers how, why and what animals eat, in terms of the anatomical, physiological, behavioural and ecological factors which influence nutrient intake in conditions of health and disease.

This module provides an introduction to the theoretical principles, instrumentation and applications of a range of techniques relevant to the biosciences. Applications will be related to key biological molecules and cellular systems as appropriate. The module content will build on biochemical and cell biology knowledge gained at level 1. The module provides background required for study of these techniques and biomolecules at higher levels and aims to develop the basic analytical skills which can aid students in their final year projects.

The module provides an overview of the biology of some common human diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, haemostatic disorders, neurological disease, gastrointestinal disease and anaemia. It aims to introduce students to the use of laboratory techniques in the investigation of disease, from a theoretical and practical point of view.

This module is designed to explain the underlying chemistry behind biological reactions in the context life processes.

The module will aim to build on key concepts taught in the first year biochemistry modules by addressing key chemical principles that relate to the functional properties of biomolecules in organisms; the advanced chemistry of Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids along with Small molecules and Metal-ions. These areas will also be introduced to highlight their role in determining the structural and functional properties of biological molecules.

This module provides a critical insight into the application of the principles of conservation biology. It will give an overview of the nature, value and complex threats to biodiversity and will detail the biological problems faced by small populations of animals, in particular. The module will also deal with the practice of population conservation and management, including methods to assess population size, survival rates and how to use this information to assess the viability of populations.

The Evolution module aims to introduce the fundamental concepts and theories that explain and predict how biodiversity evolves as a result of multiple factors emerging from both ecological and sexual interactions. The integrative nature of this module guarantees that a broad diversity of the central topics in the field of Evolution is covered.

This module provides an overview of the cellular and molecular basis of the immune response in health and human diseases. The structure, function and complex mechanisms of host defence by B- and T-Cells will be discussed. Students will evaluate the role of inflammatory mediators, soluble effectors and cellular cytotoxicity in inflammation and immunity.

This module is an introduction to the invertebrates, which represent more than 97% of the animal kingdom. Invertebrate animals are organized in nearly 15 major higher taxa. For each taxon the student will first learn the body plan and topics including diversity, evolution, phylogeny, classification, anatomy, physiology, behaviour, natural history, and biomechanics.

Topics will be covered with lectures and laboratory practices, starting with the origins of invertebrates, following subsequent major advances in the evolution of aquatic and terrestrial groups. For instance the module will consider the transition from sea to land. The module will also emphasise different aspects of invertebrate biology: their development, diversity of reproduction, life history traits, behaviour, and their medical, forensic and agricultural importance.

Molecular biology is of critical importance when understanding biological systems. This module is designed to provide students with an insight into the techniques used and applied by molecular biologists in a number of specific contexts.

In this module students have the opportunity to gain an understanding of, and an appreciation for, the interactions between plants and animals that have been the driving force for the evolution of the world as we know it.

Interactions between the flowering plants and vertebrate and invertebrate animals have led to the huge diversity of flowering plants that maintain the essential life support systems of the planet and are the basis of all current agricultural systems.

Students will have the opportunity to examine the economic, evolutionary and ecological consequences of plant-animal interactions at scales from ecosystems to molecules. They will have the opportunity to develop their own perspective on this important topic, and will be asked to review, interpret and evaluate the evidence available in the primary literature.

This module focuses on reproduction and development in invertebrates and vertebrates. There will be a comparative analysis of anatomy, physiology, behaviour and evolution of reproductive patterns, including the main anatomical features of male and female reproductive tracts. There will be descriptions of the processes of gamete production in males and females. The underlying principles of ontogeny from fertilisation to birth will be described using a variety of taxa with an emphasis on the factors controlling developmental processes.

This module introduces the principles of experimental design and various methods of collection of quantitative and qualitative data. It describes statistical significance tests for comparing data and enables students to practise where and how to use each statistical test. The module is designed to allow students to critically assess published work with regard to design of experiment and analysis of data. It will provide students with the chance to develop the skills required to design and analyse a research project generally, and specifically that undertaken in year three of their course.

This module examines the application of molecular techniques to study ecology, evolution and conservation of animal populations and species. It aims to provide the theoretical background for understanding evolutionary and population genetics. Case studies will be used to illustrate how the theory and molecular techniques are applied to inform behavioural, ecological and conservation questions, particularly relating to management of rare and threatened species of animals.

Biotechnology is the use of biological products, organisms and processes to improve the quality of human life. Biotechnology is a globally important multi-billion pound industry, with applications across medicine, industry and environmental sectors. This module aims to provide students with an introduction to the field of biotechnology, introducing some of the methodological (including molecular biology) approaches that are important in biotechnology and focus on biotechnological products and processes within medicine, industry and the environment (including plant biotechnology).

The module provides an overview of the role of cellular pathology in the diagnosis and monitoring of malignant and non-malignant diseases. This module intends to discuss the normal and abnormal histology and ultra-structural features of human cells and tissues. The module enables students to appraise malignant and non-malignant gynaecological cytology, and the role of electron microscope and immunocytochemistry in pathological differential diagnosis.

This module gives students the opportunity to learn skills to interpret, scrutinise and critique scientific research, through the critical evaluation of published papers and reports, attendance at external research seminars and scientific discussions with world-leading academics and industry professionals.

This module aims to enable students to increase their depth of understanding of the latest research topics and methodologies from across the Life Sciences.

The module provides an overview of the applications of clinical genetics and its ethical and social considerations. This module also intends to discuss genetic counselling, prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease and also carrier detection and pre-symptomatic testing. The module enables students to evaluate the population screening, and community genetics for single gene and chromosome disorders and also the ethical and social considerations of the Human Genome Project and treatment of genetic diseases and gene therapy.

The module provides an overview of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of the various non-malignant and malignant blood diseases. This module intends to discuss haemopoiesis, erythrocyte disorders, acute and chronic leukaemia, myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders.

This module aims to reinforce the underlying concepts and principles of microbiology developed previously. Students can become familiar with diagnostic techniques involved in the field of microbiology, and will have the opportunity to apply their developing knowledge and skills to some contemporary issues and concerns in the field of microbiology.

The Integrative Ecology module reviews advanced topics that cover core theoretical and applied areas relevant to both Evolutionary Biology and Ecology in the modern world, from a species-level scale to a global, biogeographic scale. By developing bridges between these two strongly dependent and connected fields and between both scales of analysis, Integrative Ecology offers a critical synthesis module that aims to strengthen the knowledge that life science students have gained following the introduction of fundamental evolutionary and ecology concepts provided by previous modules. The module will cover a range of areas of paramount relevance for our understanding of the world and of its biodiversity around us.

This module is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of forensic anthropology. The module includes a series of lectures and practical sessions covering human osteology and the methods used to estimate a biological profile; sex, ancestry, age and stature estimation. The module will also introduce the various pathological conditions and traumatic injury affecting human bone including post-mortem damage. The module is designed to equip students with the fundamental knowledge and skills to participate in forensic anthropological analysis by preparing a case report on a skeleton.

In this module students undertake an independent programme of research under supervision from a member of staff. It provides students with an opportunity to demonstrate original and critical thought, as well as to build practical and project-management skills. A wide range of subject expertise exists within the School, and students are expected to select a project that is relevant to their programme of study. Under the guidance of a supervisor, students will review the literature, identify a hypothesis or hypotheses and design a programme of research to test these. They will be expected to manage the project, including obtaining relevant ethical approval and conducting a risk assessment. They will collect and analyse data, recording their activities in a notebook. We currently offer projects in the laboratory or field, or projects that involve mathematical modelling, systematic reviews or meta-analysis of pre-collected data. Students may work individually or in groups addressing similar questions, but must write up individually. The project should be written up in the format of a scientific paper following closely the style of a key journal relevant to their area of study, or as a thesis.

An overseas field course gives students the opportunity to investigate biological phenomena in the field. See the Features tab for more information on potential costs incurred by these opportunities.

Students will be encouraged to view the ecosystem within the wider context of the anthropogenic impacts being imposed on it, and will be expected to work in groups, guided by staff, to develop and test hypotheses with the aim of allowing them to understand more about biological processes operating within the study area.

Palaeobiology addresses directly major changes in biological systems through time with an emphasis on whole-organism biology and organism-environment interactions. There is enormous popular interest in big evolutionary questions, including in our own evolutionary heritage and position in the Tree of Life. This module will offer students an opportunity to gain insights into the reasons why some groups are extremely diverse, whereas others are lacking. It will shed light upon the role of mass extinctions in shaping diversity, as well as the significance of ecological specialisation and anatomical complexity in determining the likelihood of species’ surviving and thriving. Finally, it will aim to illuminate Life’s complexity at all level of structural and functional organisation.

It provides an overview of blood donor selection, collection, testing and blood processing and components storage for transfusion and its adverse effects. It will discuss immunohaematology and techniques used for detection and identification of relevant antibodies. This will enable students to appraise acute and delayed adverse transfusion effects as well as the transfusion-transmitted diseases.

The impact of parasites to the health, welfare and productivity of animals remains one of the most important issues in veterinary biology. A detailed understanding of the biology and epidemiology of parasites and the association they have with their hosts is vital in protecting and improving animal’s health and welfare. This module aims to provide a theoretical background for understanding the specialised features that parasites have developed to adapt to their host, the diseases which result and advances in treatment and prevention of infection.

Students can also learn analytical laboratory methods for the identification of different types of ecto- and endoparasites. Case studies will be used to illustrate how the current advances in research are applied to inform the epidemiology, control and prevention of parasite mediated disease in animals and monitor emergent diseases globally and within the UK.

† Some courses may offer optional modules. The availability of optional modules may vary from year to year and will be subject to minimum student numbers being achieved. This means that the availability of specific optional modules cannot be guaranteed. Optional module selection may also be affected by staff availability.

LEVEL 1

Cell Biology (Core)

Comparative Form and Function in Animals (Core)

Ecology (Core)

Genetics (Core)

Integrative Biochemistry 2 (Core)

Integrative Biochemistry (Core)

Plant Structure and Function (Core)

Research Methods for Life Scientists 1 (Core)

LEVEL 2

Animal Behaviour (Option)†

Animal Health and Disease (Option)†

Animal Nutrition (Option)†

Biological Analysis (Option)†

Biology of Human Disease (Option)†

Biomolecules (Option)†

Conservation Biology (Core)

Evolution (Option)†

Immunology (Option)†

Invertebrate Zoology (Option)†

Molecular Biology (Core)

Plant-Animal Interactions (Core)

Reproduction and Development (Option)†

Research Methods for Life Scientists 2 (Core)

LEVEL 3

Animal Cognition (Option)†

Animal Population Genetics (Option)†

Behavioural Ecology (Option)†

Biotechnology (Option)†

Cellular Pathology (Option)†

Current Issues in Life Sciences (Core)

Genetics & Bioethics (Option)†

Haematology (Option)†

Infection Sciences (Option)†

Integrative Ecology (Core)

Introduction to Forensic Anthropology (Option)†

Life Sciences Research Project (Core)

Overseas Field Course (Option)†

Palaeobiology (Option)†

Transfusion & Transplantation (Option)†

Veterinary Parasitology (Option)†

† Some courses may offer optional modules. The availability of optional modules may vary from year to year and will be subject to minimum student numbers being achieved. This means that the availability of specific optional modules cannot be guaranteed. Optional module selection may also be affected by staff availability.

The way students are assessed on this course may vary for each module. Examples of assessment methods that may be used include coursework, such as written assignments, reports or dissertations; practical exams, such as presentations, performances or observations; and written exams, such as formal examinations or in-class tests.

The University of Lincoln's policy on assessment feedback aims to ensure that academics will return in-course assessments to students promptly – usually within 15 working days after the submission date.

We look to recruit highly motivated students who want to make a difference in their careers, whether locally or globally.

Evidence of enthusiasm for, and interest in, the biological sciences, are as important as evidence of the ability to succeed on this course, as shown by the qualifications held or those you will gain.

In addition to bringing the skills gained from your prior qualifications, you will need to be a self-motivated and independent learner, prepared to take full advantage of the challenges offered by this broad-based degree programme.

You will be taught by academics who are considered to be at the forefront of their respective fields. Many publish their findings widely, contribute to policy advisory bodies and regularly communicate science to the general public.

Overseas Field Course (Optional Module)

This optional module in your final year involves an overseas field trip. This will provide the opportunity to do research in a novel environment and to study local plants and animals. Destinations may vary, but in 2018 included the cloud forests of Ecuador, the Atacama Desert in Chile, the Mankwe Wildlife Reserve in South Africa, and Peniche in Portugal.

Students who opt to undertake a field trip overseas will be expected to cover transport costs (including flight costs). These costs will vary depending on the location of the field trip. Accommodation and meals at the field sites are fully funded by the University.

Students may be required to pay for overnight stays, local travel and food close to the destination if their flights arrive the day before the team are scheduled to meet. Students may bring personal items of clothing and travel equipment, some of which may be specialised for the environment they are travelling to, and recommended medicines and travel toiletries such as anti-malaria medication, vaccinations, insect repellent and sunscreen. These costs will depend on what you choose to bring.

Residential Field Trips

There are two fully-funded residential field trips in the UK, to study animals and plants in the field.

Student as Producer

Student as Producer is a model of teaching and learning that encourages academics and undergraduate students to collaborate on research activities. It is a programme committed to learning through doing.

The Student as Producer initiative was commended by the QAA in our 2012 review and is one of the teaching and learning features that makes the Lincoln experience unique.

All full-time Biology students may take an optional placement year between the second and third year of the programme. These placements are student-led though you will be continuously supported by academic staff throughout.

Placements provide you with the opportunity to gain valuable workplace experience and a chance to hone your skills in a professional environment.

When you are on an optional placement in the UK, you will be required to cover your own transport and accommodation and meals costs.

†Please note that not all courses are available as a part-time option.

The University undergraduate tuition fee may increase year on year in line with government policy. This will enable us to continue to provide the best possible educational facilities and student experience.

Fees for enrolment on additional modules

Tuition fees for additional activity are payable by the student/sponsor and charged at the equivalent £ per credit point rate for each module. Additional activity includes:

- Enrolment on modules that are in addition to the validated programme curriculum

- Enrolment on modules that are over and above the full credit diet for the relevant academic year

- Retakes of modules as permitted by the Board of Examiners

- In exceptional circumstances, students who are required to re-take modules can do so on an 'assessment only' basis. This means that students do not attend timetabled teaching events but are required to take the assessments/examinations associated with the module(s). The 'assessment only' fee is half of the £ per credit point fee for each module.

Exceptionally, tuition fees may not be payable where a student has been granted a retake with approved extenuating circumstances.

Additional Costs

For each course students may find that there are additional costs. These may be with regard to the specific clothing, materials or equipment required, depending on their subject area. Some courses provide opportunities for students to undertake field work or field trips. Where these are compulsory, the cost for the travel, accommodation and meals may be covered by the University and so is included in the fee. Where these are optional students will normally (unless stated otherwise) be required to pay their own transportation, accommodation and meal costs.

With regards to text books, the University provides students who enrol with a comprehensive reading list and our extensive library holds either material or virtual versions of the core texts that students are required to read. However, students may prefer to purchase some of these for themselves and will therefore be responsible for this cost. Where there may be exceptions to this general rule, information will be displayed in a section titled Other Costs below.

Other Costs

Students who opt to undertake a field trip overseas will be expected to cover transport costs (including flight costs). These costs will vary depending on the location of the field trip. Accommodation and meals at the field sites are fully funded by the University.

Students may be required to pay for overnight stays, local travel and food close to the destination if their flights arrive the day before the team are scheduled to meet. Students may bring personal items of clothing and travel equipment, some of which may be specialised for the environment they are travelling to, and recommended medicines and travel toiletries such as anti-malaria medication, vaccinations, insect repellent and sunscreen. These costs will depend on what you choose to bring.

*not all modules are accepted. Please contact our Admissions team for further information (admissions@lincoln.ac.uk).

Access to Higher Education Diploma in a Science subject accepted: A minimum of 45 level 3 credits at merit or above will be required, 15 of which must be in Biology or Chemistry.

We will also consider extensive, relevant work experience.

In addition, applicants must have at least 3 GCSEs at grade C or above in English, Maths and Science. Level 2 equivalent qualifications such as BTEC First Certificates and Level 2 Functional Skills will be considered.

For applicants who do not meet our standard entry requirements, our Science Foundation Year can provide an alternative route of entry onto our full degree programmes:

If you would like further information about entry requirements, or would like to discuss whether the qualifications you are currently studying are acceptable, please contact the Admissions team on 01522 886097, or email admissions@lincoln.ac.uk.

Unconditional Offer Scheme

The University of Lincoln Unconditional Offer Scheme has been created to identify outstanding undergraduate applicants who we think would excel at Lincoln and make a significant contribution to our academic community.

The University of Lincoln takes a holistic contextual view, looking at students in the round, including all the information supplied in their application and any additional relevant assessment required, such as a portfolio, or interview. The qualities required for success are therefore not exclusively academic, and students’ drive, ambition, creativity, and potential are important factors in those considered for the scheme.

Applicants selected for the scheme, who commit to the University of Lincoln as their first choice of university, will receive an unconditional offer. We expect students in receipt of an unconditional offer to continue to apply themselves in their studies, both at school and when they join our academic community here at Lincoln. In previous years students who were selected and joined through the Lincoln unconditional offer scheme have shown very good success rate in their studies.

Teaching at Lincoln places a strong emphasis on students engaging actively with their studies from the outset. Students are encouraged to think of themselves as researchers and producers who can make a contribution to their field of study.

The first year of this degree introduces students to the different elements of biology, including metabolism, evolution, ecology and genetics.

In the second year, students can study modules including biomolecules, animal health and disease, animal behaviour, immunology, plant-animal interactions, and conservation biology, alongside training in research methods.

In the third year, students can select specialist areas including veterinary parasitology, genetics and bioethics, infection sciences, transfusion and transplantation, animal cognition, biotechnology, and behavioural ecology, in addition to undertaking an individual research project to develop independent investigation skills.

Contact Hours and Reading for a Degree

Students on this programme learn from academic staff who are often engaged in world-leading or internationally excellent research or professional practice. Contact time can be in workshops, practical sessions, seminars or lectures and may vary from module to module and from academic year to year. Tutorial sessions and project supervision can take the form of one-to-one engagement or small group sessions. Some courses offer the opportunity to take part in external visits and fieldwork.

It is still the case that students read for a degree and this means that in addition to scheduled contact hours, students are required to engage in independent study. This allows you to read around a subject and to prepare for lectures and seminars through wider reading, or to complete follow up tasks such as assignments or revision. As a general guide, the amount of independent study required by students at the University of Lincoln is that for every hour in class you are expected to spend at least two to three hours in independent study.

This module aims to provide an introduction to the structure, composition and function of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. From this basis the module considers cell specialisation and division and an introduction to microscopy, histological and microbiological techniques which may be used to safely examine and identify cells and tissues.

This module is concerned with the principles of the diversity of anatomical form and function in animals using a comparative approach. Anatomical adaptations will be explored across taxa within the animal kingdom in order to show how different types of organisms use their anatomy to solve the similar morphological and physiological problems. Through this, an understanding of anatomically distinct and shared features across animal species can be developed using examples of how organisms from different taxa address key aspects of their life histories.

Ecology is the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. These interactions can be studied across different levels of biological organisation including individuals, populations, communities and ecosystems. This module will examine how these different levels of organisation are interconnected and how the study of ecology allows us to better understand patterns in the natural world

This module is designed to provide students with an introduction to genetics by discussing the development of genetics as a field of science, from molecular genetics through Mendelian genetics, to genetics at the population level. Students have previously studied cell biology and biochemistry, and this knowledge is built on in order to consider the replication, maintenance and expression of the genome. This module aims to provide the knowledge necessary to study applications of molecular biology at a higher level.

This module aims to provide students with an overview of biochemistry at the cellular level. The importance of cellular and molecular systems will be covered with a view of highlighting key signalling pathways required to sustain cellular functions. General concepts of biochemical signalling pathways will also be introduced.

This module is designed to provide a foundation to develop an understanding and appreciation of biochemistry in the context life processes. The module will focus on basic biochemical principles and introduce the fundamental building blocks of life with the inclusion of concepts relating to the structure and functional properties of biological molecules. The importance of cellular and molecular pathways will be covered with a view of highlighting key metabolic pathways required to sustain cellular functions. Basic concepts of biochemical signalling pathways will also be introduced.

This module aims to provide a broad overview of plant form and function by reviewing the key structural characteristics of cells, tissues and organs in a range of plant species.

It investigates the diversity of plant form and the evolutionary history of plant life; emphasis is placed on the adaptations of plants to their environment. It focuses on the relationship between anatomy and the mechanical role of cells, tissues and organs. On completion of this module students would be expected to have a broad understanding of form and function in plants, key elements of plant-animal and plant-fungal co-evolution / interactions, and an appreciation of the diverse range of structures and tissues utilised by humans.

This module aims to introduce the skills and knowledge necessary to assimilate and judge scientific knowledge. Students are introduced to the tools required to search and evaluate the scientific literature relevant to their studies, and some of the key philosophical constructs around which scientific knowledge is based. Students can develop an understanding of hypothesis testing, experimental design, data collection, basic mathematical and statistical concepts and data presentation, and are shown how these methods are put into practice through a series of research seminars.

This module is based on the four ethological levels of explanation for animal behaviour; mechanism, development, function and evolution. The concepts underlying the study of animal behaviour will be covered in a range of taxonomic groups. The module will also consider the scientific approach to behavioural studies.

The module provides an overview of the biology of diseases of livestock, companion and wild animals. It is designed to introduce students to the use of laboratory techniques in the investigation of disease.

This module covers wide ranging aspects of animal nutrition using examples from insects to primates, and considers how, why and what animals eat, in terms of the anatomical, physiological, behavioural and ecological factors which influence nutrient intake in conditions of health and disease.

This module provides an introduction to the theoretical principles, instrumentation and applications of a range of techniques relevant to the biosciences. Applications will be related to key biological molecules and cellular systems as appropriate. The module content will build on biochemical and cell biology knowledge gained at level 1. The module provides background required for study of these techniques and biomolecules at higher levels and aims to develop the basic analytical skills which can aid students in their final year projects.

This module provides an overview of the biology of some common human diseases, such as cancer, haemostatic disorders, neurological disease, and anaemia. It aims to introduce students to the use of laboratory techniques in the investigation of disease, from a theoretical and practical point of view.

This module is designed to explain the underlying chemistry behind biological reactions in the context life processes.

The module will aim to build on key concepts taught in the first year biochemistry modules by addressing key chemical principles that relate to the functional properties of biomolecules in organisms; the advanced chemistry of Lipids, Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids along with Small molecules and Metal-ions. These areas will also be introduced to highlight their role in determining the structural and functional properties of biological molecules.

This module provides a critical insight into the application of the principles of conservation biology. It will give an overview of the nature, value and complex threats to biodiversity and will detail the biological problems faced by small populations of animals, in particular. The module will also deal with the practice of population conservation and management, including methods to assess population size, survival rates and how to use this information to assess the viability of populations.

The Evolution module aims to introduce the fundamental concepts and theories that explain and predict how biodiversity evolves as a result of multiple factors emerging from both ecological and sexual interactions. The integrative nature of this module guarantees that a broad diversity of the central topics in the field of Evolution is covered.

This module provides an overview of the cellular and molecular basis of the immune response in health and human diseases. The structure, function and complex mechanisms of host defence by B- and T-Cells will be discussed. Students will evaluate the role of inflammatory mediators, soluble effectors and cellular cytotoxicity in inflammation and immunity.

This module is an introduction to the invertebrates, which represent more than 97% of the animal kingdom. Invertebrate animals are organized in nearly 15 major higher taxa. For each taxon the student will first learn the body plan and topics including diversity, evolution, phylogeny, classification, anatomy, physiology, behaviour, natural history, and biomechanics.

Topics will be covered with lectures and laboratory practices, starting with the origins of invertebrates, following subsequent major advances in the evolution of aquatic and terrestrial groups. For instance the module will consider the transition from sea to land. The module will also emphasise different aspects of invertebrate biology: their development, diversity of reproduction, life history traits, behaviour, and their medical, forensic and agricultural importance.

Molecular biology is of critical importance when understanding biological systems. This module is designed to provide students with an insight into the techniques used and applied by molecular biologists in a number of specific contexts.

In this module students have the opportunity to gain an understanding of, and an appreciation for, the interactions between plants and animals that have been the driving force for the evolution of the world as we know it.

Interactions between the flowering plants and vertebrate and invertebrate animals have led to the huge diversity of flowering plants that maintain the essential life support systems of the planet and are the basis of all current agricultural systems.

Students will have the opportunity to examine the economic, evolutionary and ecological consequences of plant-animal interactions at scales from ecosystems to molecules. They will have the opportunity to develop their own perspective on this important topic, and will be asked to review, interpret and evaluate the evidence available in the primary literature.

This module focuses on reproduction and development in invertebrates and vertebrates. There will be a comparative analysis of anatomy, physiology, behaviour and evolution of reproductive patterns, including the main anatomical features of male and female reproductive tracts. There will be descriptions of the processes of gamete production in males and females. The underlying principles of ontogeny from fertilisation to birth will be described using a variety of taxa with an emphasis on the factors controlling developmental processes.

This module introduces the principles of experimental design and various methods of collection of quantitative and qualitative data. It describes statistical significance tests for comparing data and enables students to practise where and how to use each statistical test. The module is designed to allow students to critically assess published work with regard to design of experiment and analysis of data. It will provide students with the chance to develop the skills required to design and analyse a research project generally, and specifically that undertaken in year three of their course.

This module examines the application of molecular techniques to study ecology, evolution and conservation of animal populations and species. It aims to provide the theoretical background for understanding evolutionary and population genetics. Case studies will be used to illustrate how the theory and molecular techniques are applied to inform behavioural, ecological and conservation questions, particularly relating to management of rare and threatened species of animals.

Biotechnology is the use of biological products, organisms and processes to improve the quality of human life. Biotechnology is a globally important multi-billion pound industry, with applications across medicine, industry and environmental sectors. This module aims to provide students with an introduction to the field of biotechnology, introducing some of the methodological (including molecular biology) approaches that are important in biotechnology and focus on biotechnological products and processes within medicine, industry and the environment (including plant biotechnology).

The module provides an overview of the role of cellular pathology in the diagnosis and monitoring of malignant and non-malignant diseases. This module intends to discuss the normal and abnormal histology and ultra-structural features of human cells and tissues. The module enables students to appraise malignant and non-malignant gynaecological cytology, and the role of electron microscope and immunocytochemistry in pathological differential diagnosis.

This module gives students the opportunity to learn skills to interpret, scrutinise and critique scientific research, through the critical evaluation of published papers and reports, attendance at external research seminars and scientific discussions with world-leading academics and industry professionals.

This module aims to enable students to increase their depth of understanding of the latest research topics and methodologies from across the Life Sciences.

The module provides an overview of the applications of clinical genetics and its ethical and social considerations. This module also intends to discuss genetic counselling, prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease and also carrier detection and pre-symptomatic testing. The module enables students to evaluate the population screening, and community genetics for single gene and chromosome disorders and also the ethical and social considerations of the Human Genome Project and treatment of genetic diseases and gene therapy.

The module provides an overview of the pathogenesis and diagnosis of the various non-malignant and malignant blood diseases. This module intends to discuss haemopoiesis, erythrocyte disorders, acute and chronic leukaemia, myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders.

This module aims to reinforce the underlying concepts and principles of microbiology developed previously. Students can become familiar with diagnostic techniques involved in the field of microbiology, and will have the opportunity to apply their developing knowledge and skills to some contemporary issues and concerns in the field of microbiology.

The Integrative Ecology module reviews advanced topics that cover core theoretical and applied areas relevant to both Evolutionary Biology and Ecology in the modern world, from a species-level scale to a global, biogeographic scale. By developing bridges between these two strongly dependent and connected fields and between both scales of analysis, Integrative Ecology offers a critical synthesis module that aims to strengthen the knowledge that life science students have gained following the introduction of fundamental evolutionary and ecology concepts provided by previous modules. The module will cover a range of areas of paramount relevance for our understanding of the world and of its biodiversity around us.

This module is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of forensic anthropology. The module includes a series of lectures and practical sessions covering human osteology and the methods used to estimate a biological profile; sex, ancestry, age and stature estimation. This module will also introduce the various pathological conditions and traumatic injury affecting human bone including post-mortem damage. The module is designed to equip students with the fundamental knowledge and skills to participate in forensic anthropological analysis by preparing a case report on a skeleton.

In this module students undertake an independent programme of research under supervision from a member of staff. It provides students with an opportunity to demonstrate original and critical thought, as well as to build practical and project-management skills. A wide range of subject expertise exists within the School, and students are expected to select a project that is relevant to their programme of study. Under the guidance of a supervisor, students will review the literature, identify a hypothesis or hypotheses and design a programme of research to test these. They will be expected to manage the project, including obtaining relevant ethical approval and conducting a risk assessment. They will collect and analyse data, recording their activities in a notebook. We currently offer projects in the laboratory or field, or projects that involve mathematical modelling, systematic reviews or meta-analysis of pre-collected data. Students may work individually or in groups addressing similar questions, but must write up individually. The project should be written up in the format of a scientific paper following closely the style of a key journal relevant to their area of study, or as a thesis.

An overseas field course gives students the opportunity to investigate biological phenomena in the field. See the Features tab for more information on potential costs incurred by these opportunities.

Students will be encouraged to view the ecosystem within the wider context of the anthropogenic impacts being imposed on it, and will be expected to work in groups, guided by staff, to develop and test hypotheses with the aim of allowing them to understand more about biological processes operating within the study area.

Palaeobiology addresses directly major changes in biological systems through time with an emphasis on whole-organism biology and organism-environment interactions. There is enormous popular interest in big evolutionary questions, including in our own evolutionary heritage and position in the Tree of Life. This module will offer students an opportunity to gain insights into the reasons why some groups are extremely diverse, whereas others are lacking. It will shed light upon the role of mass extinctions in shaping diversity, as well as the significance of ecological specialisation and anatomical complexity in determining the likelihood of species’ surviving and thriving. Finally, it will aim to illuminate Life’s complexity at all level of structural and functional organisation.

It provides an overview of blood donor selection, collection, testing and blood processing and components storage for transfusion and its adverse effects. It will discuss immunohaematology and techniques used for detection and identification of relevant antibodies. This will enable students to appraise acute and delayed adverse transfusion effects as well as the transfusion-transmitted diseases.

The impact of parasites to the health, welfare and productivity of animals remains one of the most important issues in veterinary biology. A detailed understanding of the biology and epidemiology of parasites and the association they have with their hosts is vital in protecting and improving animal’s health and welfare. This module aims to provide a theoretical background for understanding the specialised features that parasites have developed to adapt to their host, the diseases which result and advances in treatment and prevention of infection.

Students can also learn analytical laboratory methods for the identification of different types of ecto- and endoparasites. Case studies will be used to illustrate how the current advances in research are applied to inform the epidemiology, control and prevention of parasite mediated disease in animals and monitor emergent diseases globally and within the UK.

† Some courses may offer optional modules. The availability of optional modules may vary from year to year and will be subject to minimum student numbers being achieved. This means that the availability of specific optional modules cannot be guaranteed. Optional module selection may also be affected by staff availability.

LEVEL 1

Cell Biology (Core)

Comparative Form and Function in Animals (Core)

Ecology (Core)

Genetics (Core)

Integrative Biochemistry 2 (Core)

Integrative Biochemistry (Core)

Plant Structure and Function (Core)

Research Methods for Life Scientists 1 (Core)

LEVEL 2

Animal Behaviour (Option)†

Animal Health and Disease (Option)†

Animal Nutrition (Option)†

Biological Analysis (Option)†

Biology of Human Disease (Option)†

Biomolecules (Option)†

Conservation Biology (Core)

Evolution (Option)†

Immunology (Option)†

Invertebrate Zoology (Option)†

Molecular Biology (Core)

Plant-Animal Interactions (Core)

Reproduction and Development (Option)†

Research Methods for Life Scientists 2 (Core)

LEVEL 3

Animal Cognition (Option)†

Animal Population Genetics (Option)†

Behavioural Ecology (Option)†

Biotechnology (Option)†

Cellular Pathology (Option)†

Current Issues in Life Sciences (Core)

Genetics & Bioethics (Option)†

Haematology (Option)†

Infection Sciences (Option)†

Integrative Ecology (Core)

Introduction to Forensic Anthropology (Option)†

Life Sciences Research Project (Core)

Overseas Field Course (Option)†

Palaeobiology (Option)†

Transfusion & Transplantation (Option)†

Veterinary Parasitology (Option)†

† Some courses may offer optional modules. The availability of optional modules may vary from year to year and will be subject to minimum student numbers being achieved. This means that the availability of specific optional modules cannot be guaranteed. Optional module selection may also be affected by staff availability.

The way students are assessed on this course may vary for each module. Examples of assessment methods that may be used include coursework, such as written assignments, reports or dissertations; practical exams, such as presentations, performances or observations; and written exams, such as formal examinations or in-class tests.

The University of Lincoln's policy on assessment feedback aims to ensure that academics will return in-course assessments to students promptly – usually within 15 working days after the submission date.

We look to recruit highly motivated students who want to make a difference in their careers, whether locally or globally.

Evidence of enthusiasm for, and interest in, the biological sciences, are as important as evidence of the ability to succeed on this course, as shown by the qualifications held or those you will gain.

In addition to bringing the skills gained from your prior qualifications, you will need to be a self-motivated and independent learner, prepared to take full advantage of the challenges offered by this broad-based degree programme.

You will be taught by academics who are considered to be at the forefront of their respective fields. Many publish their findings widely, contribute to policy advisory bodies and regularly communicate science to the general public.

Overseas Field Course (Optional Module)

This optional module in your final year involves an overseas field trip. This will provide the opportunity to do research in a novel environment and to study local plants and animals. Destinations may vary, but in 2018 included the cloud forests of Ecuador, the Atacama Desert in Chile, the Mankwe Wildlife Reserve in South Africa, and Peniche in Portugal.

Students who opt to undertake a field trip overseas will be expected to cover transport costs (including flight costs). These costs will vary depending on the location of the field trip. Accommodation and meals at the field sites are fully funded by the University.

Students may be required to pay for overnight stays, local travel and food close to the destination if their flights arrive the day before the team are scheduled to meet. Students may bring personal items of clothing and travel equipment, some of which may be specialised for the environment they are travelling to, and recommended medicines and travel toiletries such as anti-malaria medication, vaccinations, insect repellent and sunscreen. These costs will depend on what you choose to bring.

Residential Field Trips

There are two fully-funded residential field trips in the UK, to study animals and plants in the field.

Student as Producer

Student as Producer is a model of teaching and learning that encourages academics and undergraduate students to collaborate on research activities. It is a programme committed to learning through doing.

The Student as Producer initiative was commended by the QAA in our 2012 review and is one of the teaching and learning features that makes the Lincoln experience unique.

All full-time Biology students may take an optional placement year between the second and third year of the programme. These placements are student-led though you will be continuously supported by academic staff throughout.

Placements provide you with the opportunity to gain valuable workplace experience and a chance to hone your skills in a professional environment.

When you are on an optional placement in the UK, you will be required to cover your own transport and accommodation and meals costs.

†Please note that not all courses are available as a part-time option.

The University undergraduate tuition fee may increase year on year in line with government policy. This will enable us to continue to provide the best possible educational facilities and student experience.

Fees for enrolment on additional modules

Tuition fees for additional activity are payable by the student/sponsor and charged at the equivalent £ per credit point rate for each module. Additional activity includes:

- Enrolment on modules that are in addition to the validated programme curriculum

- Enrolment on modules that are over and above the full credit diet for the relevant academic year

- Retakes of modules as permitted by the Board of Examiners

- In exceptional circumstances, students who are required to re-take modules can do so on an 'assessment only' basis. This means that students do not attend timetabled teaching events but are required to take the assessments/examinations associated with the module(s). The 'assessment only' fee is half of the £ per credit point fee for each module.

Exceptionally, tuition fees may not be payable where a student has been granted a retake with approved extenuating circumstances.

Additional Costs

For each course students may find that there are additional costs. These may be with regard to the specific clothing, materials or equipment required, depending on their subject area. Some courses provide opportunities for students to undertake field work or field trips. Where these are compulsory, the cost for the travel, accommodation and meals may be covered by the University and so is included in the fee. Where these are optional students will normally (unless stated otherwise) be required to pay their own transportation, accommodation and meal costs.

With regards to text books, the University provides students who enrol with a comprehensive reading list and our extensive library holds either material or virtual versions of the core texts that students are required to read. However, students may prefer to purchase some of these for themselves and will therefore be responsible for this cost. Where there may be exceptions to this general rule, information will be displayed in a section titled Other Costs below.

Other Costs

Students who opt to undertake a field trip overseas will be expected to cover transport costs (including flight costs). These costs will vary depending on the location of the field trip. Accommodation and meals at the field sites are fully funded by the University.

Students may be required to pay for overnight stays, local travel and food close to the destination if their flights arrive the day before the team are scheduled to meet. Students may bring personal items of clothing and travel equipment, some of which may be specialised for the environment they are travelling to, and recommended medicines and travel toiletries such as anti-malaria medication, vaccinations, insect repellent and sunscreen. These costs will depend on what you choose to bring.

If you would like further information about entry requirements, or would like to discuss whether the qualifications you are currently studying are acceptable, please contact the Admissions team on 01522 886097, or email admissions@lincoln.ac.uk

Unconditional Offer Scheme

The University of Lincoln Unconditional Offer Scheme has been created to identify outstanding undergraduate applicants who we think would excel at Lincoln and make a significant contribution to our academic community.

The University of Lincoln takes a holistic contextual view, looking at students in the round, including all the information supplied in their application and any additional relevant assessment required, such as a portfolio, or interview. The qualities required for success are therefore not exclusively academic, and students’ drive, ambition, creativity, and potential are important factors in those considered for the scheme.

Applicants selected for the scheme, who commit to the University of Lincoln as their first choice of university, will receive an unconditional offer. We expect students in receipt of an unconditional offer to continue to apply themselves in their studies, both at school and when they join our academic community here at Lincoln. In previous years students who were selected and joined through the Lincoln unconditional offer scheme have shown very good success rate in their studies.

Quick Links

The course opened up ideas and opportunities which I would not have been able to get anywhere else. All of the staff are exceptionally friendly, approachable and just want you to make the most out of your degree.

Demi Christofi, BSc Biology graduate

Learn from Experts

Throughout this degree, students may receive tuition from professors, senior lecturers, lecturers, researchers, practitioners, visiting experts or technicians, and they may be supported in their learning by other students.

Dr Goodman's research interests are broad and include the mechanical design of plants and animals. He is interested in the agronomic and ecological aspects of plant biomechanics, but has also worked on the mechanical properties of hoof keratin and cortical bone.

Your Future Career

Biology graduates enter a range of scientific and non science-based professions in roles in agriculture, biotechnology, plant and animal sciences (including research and development, clinical trials, sales and nutrition) and environmental protection. Some choose to continue their studies at postgraduate level. Others use the skills they have developed to go into related science careers in business, journalism, public relations and education.

Careers Service

The University Careers and Employability Team offer qualified advisors who can work with students to provide tailored, individual support and careers advice during their time at the University. As a member of our alumni we also offer one-to-one support in the first year after completing a course, including access to events, vacancy information and website resources; with access to online vacancies and virtual resources for the following two years.

This service can include one-to-one coaching, CV advice and interview preparation to help you maximise our graduates future opportunities.

The service works closely with local, national and international employers, acting as a gateway to the business world.

Biology graduates enter a range of scientific and non science-based professions in roles in agriculture, biotechnology, plant and animal sciences (including research and development, clinical trials, sales and nutrition) and environmental protection. Some choose to continue their studies at postgraduate level. Others use the skills they have developed to go into related science careers in business, journalism, public relations and education.

Careers Service

The University Careers and Employability Team offer qualified advisors who can work with students to provide tailored, individual support and careers advice during their time at the University. As a member of our alumni we also offer one-to-one support in the first year after completing a course, including access to events, vacancy information and website resources; with access to online vacancies and virtual resources for the following two years.

This service can include one-to-one coaching, CV advice and interview preparation to help you maximise our graduates future opportunities.

The service works closely with local, national and international employers, acting as a gateway to the business world.

At Lincoln, we constantly invest in our campus as we aim to provide the best learning environment for our undergraduates. Whatever the area of study, the University strives to ensure students have access to specialist equipment and resources, to develop the skills, which they may need in their future career.

Students can conduct practical work with industry-standard apparatus. Equipment and facilities available for students undertaking research projects include a cell culture suite, analytical chemistry instrumentation, protein purification equipment, a scanning electron microscope and real-time polymerase chain reaction equipment for the amplification and quantification of DNA samples.