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MUMPS :

MUMPS Dr.T.V.Rao MD

MUMPS :

MUMPS Mumps is an acute viral infection of the paramyxoviruses family. As its alternative name (infectious parotits) suggests, the infection is characterized by swelling more commonly bilateral than unilateral of the parotid salivary glands. The incubation period is 14-21 days and is communicable from 6 days before to 9 days after facial swelling is apparent. It can lead to brain inflammation, deafness or sterility.

Data on Mumps :

Data on Mumps

Mumps belongs to Parmyxoviridae :

Mumps belongs to Parmyxoviridae Viruses in the family Parmyxoviridae are classified in two subfamilies, Paramyxovirinae and Pneumovirinae. The latter subfamily contains two genera, Pneumovirus and Metapneumovirus. The number of genera in the Paramyxovirinae was increased in 2002 from three (Respirovirus, Morbillivirus and Rubulavirus) to five by the addition of two new genera, Avulavirus and Henipavirus.

The Phylogenetic tree :

The Phylogenetic tree

ORTHOMYXO / PARAMYXOViruses :

ORTHOMYXO / PARAMYXOViruses

Mumps belongs to Parmyxoviridae :

Mumps belongs to Parmyxoviridae Looks similar to Orthomyxovirus,
Larger in size, More Plemomorphic.
Spherical in shape 100 to 300 nm
Some times appear as filamentous,Gaint forms are present.
But contains only single stranded RNA.
Do not contain segmented RNA like Orthomyxoviruses,Antigenic variation absent.
Reassortments like Influenzae viruses – ABSENT.

Mumps :

Mumps Mumps or epidemic parotitis is a viral disease of the human species, caused by the mumps virus. Prior to the development of vaccination and the introduction of a vaccine, it was a common childhood disease worldwide, and is still a significant threat to health in the Developing World

Involvement of Salivary Glands :

Involvement of Salivary Glands Painful swelling of the salivary glands (classically the parotid gland is the most typical presentation) Painful testicular swelling (orchitis) and rash may also occur

Involvement of Parotid Gland a Major Manifestation :

Involvement of Parotid Gland a Major Manifestation Swelling of the salivary glands follows these symptoms. Swelling of the glands near the jaw line below the ears may give you "chipmunk cheeks

Mumps :

Mumps Acute viral illness
Parotitis and orchitis described by Hippocrates in 5th century B.C.
Viral etiology described by Johnson and Good pasture in 1934
Frequent cause of outbreaks among military personnel in prevaccine era

Mumbling speech - Mumps :

Mumbling speech - Mumps Name "mumps" comes from an old word for "lump" or an old word for "mumble."

Complication with MUMPS. :

Complication with MUMPS. Orchitis. This inflammatory condition causes swelling of one or both testicles. Orchitis is painful.
Pancreatitis..
Encephalitis. A viral infection, such as mumps, can lead to inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). Although it's serious, encephalitis is a rare complication of mumps.

Complication with MUMPS. :

Complication with MUMPS. Meningitis. Meningitis is infection and inflammation of the membranes and fluid surrounding your brain and spinal cord.
Inflammation of the ovaries. Pain in the lower abdomen in women may be a symptom of this problem. Fertility doesn't seem to be affected.
Hearing loss.
Miscarriages.

CDC recommends :

CDC recommends CDC recommends that a blood specimen and buccal /oral swab be collected from all patients with clinical features compatible with mumps.
Recommendations stands mainly for epidemiological surveys

Vaccination :

Vaccination Live attenuated vaccine
Jernyl Lynn Strain
Grown in chick embryo fibroblasts
Vaccine as MMR vaccine
A single dose protects for 10 years.

Mumps (MMR) Vaccine Indications :

Mumps (MMR) Vaccine Indications One dose (as MMR) for preschool-age children 12 months of age and older and persons born during or after 1957 not at high risk of mumps exposure
Need for second dose
Second dose (as MMR) for school-age children and adults at high risk of mumps exposure (i.e., healthcare personnel, international travelers and students at post-high school educational institutions

Slide 27:

Passive immunization against mumps Immune globulin ineffective for post exposure prophylaxis
does not prevent disease or reduce complications
Transplacental maternal antibody appears to protect infants for first year of life

Epidemiology :

Epidemiology Endemic – Prevalence all over the world
Immunization . Reduced the incidence.
Epidemics in children between 5-15.
No carriers.
Spread by Direct Contact
Saliva and urine are infective.
One Attack produces life time Immunity.

Promoting Mumps Vaccination :

Promoting Mumps Vaccination

MMR VaccineContraindications and Precautions :

MMR VaccineContraindications and Precautions Severe allergic reaction to vaccine component or following a prior dose
Pregnancy
Immunosuppression
Moderate or severe acute illness of other etiologies

MMR Vaccine and Autism :

MMR Vaccine and Autism There is no scientific evidence that the risk of autism is higher among children who receive measles or MMR vaccine than among unvaccinated children
“The evidence favors a rejection of a causal relationship at the population level between MMR vaccine and autism spectrum disorders (ASD).”
- Institute of Medicine, April 2001

MMR combined vaccine is beneficial than separate component vaccines :

MMR combined vaccine is beneficial than separate component vaccines Separate administration of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines to children provides no benefit over administration of the combination MMR vaccine and could result in delays in immunization.
Paediatricians need to work with families to ensure that children are protected early in the second year of life from these preventable diseases.

Mumps Vaccine and HIV Infection :

Mumps Vaccine and HIV Infection MMR recommended for persons with asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic HIV infection
NOT recommended for those with evidence of severe immuno- suppression
HIV testing before vaccination is not recommended

Mumps control: :

Mumps control: Mumps control: The control of mumps can be achieved through high routine coverage with an effective mumps-containing vaccine administered at 12–18 months of age. Children immunized with most mumps vaccines at the age of 12 months or older have excellent serological response rates. Programmes should aim at infant coverage of more than 90%. Low immunization coverage may reduce the number of cases in infants but fails to interrupt circulation of the mumps virus in the community.

Created for Awareness to Medical and Health Care Workers in the Developing World :

Created for Awareness to Medical and Health Care Workers in the Developing World Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Email
doctortvrao@gmail.com