d. kramstride regularly lengthens its vowel in the active, but not in the middle: thus, kŕā́mati, krámate; but the vowel-quantities are somewhat mixed up, even from the oldest language down; — klamtire is said to form klāmati etc., but is not quotable; — cam with the preposition ārinse the mouth forms ́ā́cāmati.

e. In the later language are found occasional forms of this class from mṛjwipe; and they show the same vṛddhi (instead of guṇa) which belongs to the root in its more proper inflection (627): thus, mārjasva.

f. The grammarians give a number of roots in urv, which they declare to lengthen the u in the present-stem. Only three are found in (quite limited) use, and they show no forms anywhere with short u. All appear to be of secondary formation from roots in ṛ or ar. The root murch or mūrchcoagulate has likewise only ū in quotable forms.

g. The onomatopoetic root ṣṭhīvspew is written by the grammarians as ṣṭhiv, and declared to lengthen its vowel in the present-system: compare 240 b.