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Thursday, October 22, 2015

As Egyptian general-turned-president Abdel Fattah Al Sisi
struggled this week to get Egyptians to cast their vote in parliamentary
elections, militant soccer fans put widespread youth disillusionment with the
president’s autocratic rule on public display.

More than 10,000 fans rushed in response to a call by Ultras
Ahlawy, the militant support group of storied Cairo club Al Ahli SC, to the
Mokhtar al-Touch Stadium on election Sunday to watch their storied team train. It
was the club’s first training since it last week won the Egyptian Super Cup.

Ultras Ahlawy issued the brief call on its Facebook page that
has more than 1.1 million followers. Ultras Ahlawy together with other militant
fan groups has played a key role in anti-government protests in the last 4.5
years starting with the 2011 popular revolt that toppled President Hosni
Mubarak.

Fan neglect of the election reflected a widespread sentiment
among Egyptian youth expressed by a hashtag #badalmatantakhib or
#insteadofvoting that was trending on Twitter.

"Youth see no hope for the future in the current
elections. They are the ones that are every day the most attacked and accused
of treason on television no matter whether they are engaged in politics or
sports. How can they trust you and participate with you in the political
process?,” activist Khaled Talima asked on Facebook.

Mr. Sisi’s government failed to persuade Egyptians to cast
their vote on Sunday and Monday in the first of a two-stage parliamentary
election, the first since Mr. Sisi staged a coup in 2013 that toppled Mohammed
Morsi, Egypt’s first and only democratically elected president. The second
phase of the election is scheduled for November 22 and 23.

Mr. Sisi gave government employees half a day off on Monday in
the hope that they would use their free time to go to polling stations.
Journalists surveying the stations estimated turnout at 15 percent at best
despite pro-government and state-owned television stations repeatedly urging
Egyptians to cast their vote.

The fan’s demonstrative neglect of the election and the low
turnout highlight Mr. Al Sisi’s failed attempt over the last two years to
depoliticize a generation that was emboldened by its success in overthrowing
Mr. Mubarak after 30 years in office and angered by the fact that youth were
subsequently side lined and have since seen their hard fought achievements
rolled back.

Youth disillusionment was already evident in low participation
in a constitutional referendum last year that paved the way for this week’s
election.

The new constitution envisages a transition from autocratic
rule to a presidential system with an empowered parliament. In theory, the new
parliament would have the power to impeach the president, question the prime
minister and withdraw its confidence in him. A majority of the 568 seats in
parliament will however be filled by individuals rather than parties, many of
who were associated with Mr. Mubarak’s now defunct National Democratic Party
(NDP)

Critics of Mr. Al Sisi fear that with major opposition
groups like the Brotherhood barred from participating in the election, the new
parliament will be packed with supporters of the president who could call for a
new referendum to revise the constitution, curb the assembly’s powers and
strengthen the power of the presidency.

Mr. Al Sisi has ruled with an iron fist since coming to
power. He has banned Mr. Morsi’s Brotherhood as a terrorist organization and
cracked down on both Islamist and secular opposition and dissent. Thousands
have been put behind bars and more than 1,000 people have been killed by
security forces since the 2013 coup.

Mr. Al Sisi has promised to involve youth by creating a
National Youth Council, increasing opportunities for youth participation in
politics, and enhancing scholarship openings for study overseas.

At the same time, the president has warned students and
youth from engaging in activity “with questionable political goals that serve
the interests of unpatriotic groups in their endeavour to destroy the nation.”

Mr. Al Sisi’s warning appears to have fallen on deaf ears
with a large number of students, fans and youths evidently putting little faith
in his promises.

In a statement, Ultras Ahlawy called on soccer fans to next
week attend Al Ahli’s first match in the Egyptian Premier League’s new season.
Fans have largely been banned from stadia since the popular revolt against Mr.
Mubarak erupted in 2011 in a bid to prevent stadia from becoming opposition
rallying points and a staging ground for fan protests.

"Football fans want to return to their ordinary place.
Ahli fans attended the Orlando Pirates match and a lot of training sessions
without any problems,” the group noted, referring to a recent African
Confederation Cup game for which the spectator ban was briefly lifted.

"We suggested many ideas to solve the problem (of the
ban) but in vain. Speaking about the difficulty of allowing fans to attend
matches amid the current parliamentary elections is strange. If the officials
are busy with the elections, they can let the football fans go to games. They
can manage the matter better by themselves,” the statement said.

"Starting the new season without fans is an extension
of killing Egyptian football, so all the group members will be gathering at the
Petro sport stadium to attend the match. Football is for fans," it said in
a move that could renew confrontation with security forces.

Sports Minister Khaled Abdel-Aziz promised in September to
allow fans to attend home matches of the Egyptian national team but has yet to
make good on his promise. The Egyptian Football Association has said for years
that it was negotiating security arrangements with the interior ministry that
would lead to a lifting of the spectator ban.

Some 20 fans were killed in February, when fans tried to
gain entry to a stadium for a match for which the spectator ban had been lifted
in an incident that reinforced the need for reform of a security force that for
years has been allowed to act with impunity.

James M. Dorsey is a senior fellow at the S.
Rajaratnam School of International Studies, co-director of the University of
Würzburg’s Institute for Fan Culture, and the author of The Turbulent World
of Middle East Soccer blog and a forthcoming book with the same
title.

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About Me

James M DorseyWelcome to The Turbulent World of Middle East Soccer by James M. Dorsey, a senior fellow at Nanyang Technological University’s S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies. Soccer in the Middle East and North Africa is played as much on as off the pitch. Stadiums are a symbol of the battle for political freedom; economic opportunity; ethnic, religious and national identity; and gender rights. Alongside the mosque, the stadium was until the Arab revolt erupted in late 2010 the only alternative public space for venting pent-up anger and frustration. It was the training ground in countries like Egypt and Tunisia where militant fans prepared for a day in which their organization and street battle experience would serve them in the showdown with autocratic rulers. Soccer has its own unique thrill – a high-stakes game of cat and mouse between militants and security forces and a struggle for a trophy grander than the FIFA World Cup: the future of a region. This blog explores the role of soccer at a time of transition from autocratic rule to a more open society. It also features James’s daily political comment on the region’s developments. Contact: incoherentblog@gmail.comView my complete profile