what is the inode

The inode (index node) is a fundamental concept in the Linux and UNIX filesystem. Each object in the filesystem is represented by an inode. But what are the objects? Let us try to understand it in simple words. Each and every file under Linux (and UNIX) has following attributes:

All the above information stored in an inode. In short the inode identifies the file and its attributes (as above) . Each inode is identified by a unique inode number within the file system. Inode is also know as index number.

inode definition

An inode is a data structure on a traditional Unix-style file system such as UFS or ext3. An inode stores basic information about a regular file, directory, or other file system object.

How do I see file inode number?

You can use ls -i command to see inode number of file$ ls -i /etc/passwd Sample Output

32820 /etc/passwd

You can also use stat command to find out inode number and its attribute:$ stat /etc/passwdOutput:

Inode application

Many commands used by system administrators in UNIX / Linux operating systems often give inode numbers to designate a file. Let us see he practical application of inode number. Type the following commands:$ cd /tmp $ touch \"la* $ ls -l

Now try to remove file “la*

You can’t, to remove files having created with control characters or characters which are unable to be input on a keyboard or special character such as ?, * ^ etc. You have to use inode number to remove file. This is fourth part of “Understanding UNIX/Linux file system, continue reading rest of the Understanding Linux file system series (this is part IV):