Figure 12-19.Caster/camber adjustment kit for McPherson strut.Figure 12-20.Adjustments for toe-in and steering wheel alignment.For example, if we move the upper ball joint to therear of the vehicle, caster is changed in a positivedirection (fig. 12-17). When you move the upper balljoint to the front of the vehicle, you change it in anegative direction.It is the same when adjusting camber; you are stillthinking of the top ball joint. Referring to figure 12-17,you see that by moving the top ball joint out, away fromthe vehicle, you change camber in a positive direction.Move it in, and you move it in a negative direction. Ofcourse, when you move the ball joint, you are actuallymoving the entire upper control arm.On vehicles with MacPherson-struts, (fig. 12-18),even though you are not dealing with upper and lowercontrol arms, the principle is still the same. Somevehicles, from the manufacturer, do not provide a meansfor caster or camber adjustment. However, there is a kit(fig. 12- 19) available for those vehicles. Once the kit isinstalled, you will be able to make both adjustments. Onother vehicles there is an adjustment for camber at thelower end of the strut, as shown in figure 12-18. Youloosen the cam bolt locknut and route the cam bolt leftor right. This moves the wheel in or out. Be sure to markthe location of all bolts when replacing these struts.TOE-IN AND STEERINGWHEEL ADJUSTMENTAfter you have adjusted caster and camber, youshould now adjust toe-in. It is the last angle to beadjusted, because caster and camber are so closelyrelated. The adjustment of either will affect toe-in. It isadjusted in the same way on all vehicles-by turning thesleeves on the tie rod ends (fig. 12-20). This shortens orlengthens the steering linkage connecting the wheels.Before you take the toe reading, it is important foryou to make sure the front wheels are straight and thesteering wheel is centered. You must center the steeringwheel so that the steering gear is positioned on the high12-11