Because of
continuing research, the structure
of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes and ISOGG
does its best to keep the tree updated with the latest developments
in the field. The viewer may observe other versions of the tree on the
Web. Email
Ray Banks
if the differences need
clarification or if you find any broken links on this page.

COLOR CODES:Newly
confirmed in 2018 within subcladeConfirmed within subcladeInvestigational items

^ Indicates a
next-generation sequencing
entry which does not yet meet quality guidelines for minimum number of
reads.
^^ Indicates an entry which does not meet quality guidelines but may be
helpful.
~ Indicates only an approximate location on the tree.

The
criteria for a representative SNP printed
in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage,
testing one
in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used
in recent research studies.

Y-DNA haplogroup L is found at low
frequencies in the Middle East and Europe as paragroup L-M317 (L1b*,
originally L2*), subgroup L-M349 (L1b1, originally L2a) and subgroup
L-L595 (L2), and at significant frequencies in South Asia as subgroups
L-M27 (L1a1, formerly L1a and originally L1) and L-M357 (L1a2, formerly
L1c and originally L3).

NOTES:

M22 and M295 were considered equivalent to M11, M20, M61
and M185 in previous versions of the tree. In May 2011 a small group of
members of the Y-Haplogroup L Project were found to be negative for all
known subgroup SNPs of L and in addition M295- despite being M20+
and/or M61+. Further testing has confirmed that M22 is also negative in
this group. The tree has been revised to reflect this discovery. A new
SNP L595 has been discovered in a member of the M22- M295- group and
has been confirmed in a second member. This SNP therefore designates a
new subclade: L2. Several new SNPs have been discovered in L2 and are
being investigated.

Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed
in alphabetical order, not necessarily in the order of discovery, and
separated by "/". Example: M61/Page43.

Items recurrent or volatile: L147.4,
L193.2/S176.2.

Mutations previously on tree but found so far
only in one man or in closely related men:

PK3 is
downstream of M357. Listed 6 August 2012.

L1305, L1306
are found at approximately M357. Listed 6 January 2016.

L864, L865, L866, L867,
L868, L869, L870 are found at approximately L595. Listed 6
January 2016.