Awarded jointly to: François Englert and Peter W. Higgs for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider.

Awarded for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the universe through observations of distant supernovae, with one half to Saul Perlmutter and the other half jointly to Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess.

Theodor W. Hänsch (AccessScience contributor: Laser spectroscopy, Rydberg constant) and John L. Hall for contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique.

Awarded jointly to:Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett (AccessScience contributor: Quantum theory of measurement), and Alexei A. Abrikosov for their work on the theory of superconductors and superfluids.

Awarded to:Pierre-Gilles De Gennes for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers.

Awarded jointly to:Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall, and Richard E. Taylor for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics.

Awarded jointly to:Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, and Jack Steinberger for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino.

Awarded jointly to:Carlo Rubbia and Simon Van Der Meer for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction.

Divided equally between:Abdus Salam (AccessScience contributor: Fundamental interactions), Steven Weinberg, and Sheldon L. Glashow for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including inter alia the prediction of the weak neutral current.

Awarded jointly to:Aage Bohr, Ben Mottelson, and James Rainwater for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection.

Awarded jointly to:Anthony Hewish and Sir Martin Ryle for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics; Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars.

Awarded to:Luis W. Alvarez for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis.

Awarded to:Hans Albrecht Bethe (AccessScience contributor: Theoretical physics) for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars.

Awarded jointly to:Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, and Richard P. Feynman for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles.

Divided, with one half awarded to: Charles H. Townes (AccessScience contributor: Maser), the other half jointly to: Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov and Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle.

Robert Hofstadter (AccessScience contributor: Scintillation counter) for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons,

Awarded to:Enrico Fermi for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons.

Pierre Curie and Marie Curie née Shlodowska, in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel.