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On Windows CMD if you put leading zeros on the IP address means octal.
It is interpreting 016 as 16 octal and converts it to 14 decimal.
You can use octal, decimal or hexadecimal notation as in the following example:
22.101.31.153 (decimal)
026.0145.037.0231 (octal)
0x16.0x65.0xF1.0x99 (hexadecimal)

When a client program (such as a browser) connects to a server,
it opens a socket.
And (unless the program specifies one, which is very rare),
the operating system assigns a unique port number to the socket.
This will commonly be in the range 1000-2000.
The source IP is, of course, the address of the client host.
The server determines the destination ...

If you can logon to that PC via remote desktop, you can use Task Manager and Users tab to view all users (active/disconnected).
If you cannot logon, then you can remotely issue the following command:
query session /server:hostnamehere
to get the same list of users.

If you box is a dsl router it'll give you an IP address using dhcp, it's address is in that packet.
Scanning the entire of 192.168.0.0/16 is not madness, on a normal network it'll take about half an hour. The entire of network ten is a bit much though, it'll take a week.
Population stereotypes will give you some others ... 10.0.0.0/22 for example. Router ...

Are the computers behind the router NAT? Are the computers on wifi or wired? Do they have static IPs?
One possible cause might be "client isolation". Most wifi routers support "wireless isolation" or "client isolation" as a form of security feature. This makes all wifi clients that connect to the router not see any other clients on the network. Check that ...

The typical stick-shaped rigid plastic-covered antennas on consumer Wi-Fi routers are typically half-wavelength dipoles (each element is a quarter wavelength for a total antenna that's a half-wavelength long).
They are not technically rubber duck antennas; rubber duck antennas are very flexible because they have a springy helical antenna covered in flexible ...

You can simply make your local machine fake that host.
Open the file %windir%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts with your favorite text editor. Note that you'll have to run the program using elevated privileges (as administrator).
At the end of the file add the following line:
127.0.0.1 STORAGE-AREA
Once this is done, create your local fake folder for this and ...

if you mean "port forwarding" as in allow access from external (e.g. internet) to a certain port on a certain machine it should be no problem at all.
The switch connects the devices physically.
If your router also handles DHCP, you should be able to "see" the machines in your router's overview of network devices. Depeding on your router you should be able ...

My question is if I turn off the wireless signal will it affect the
upload/download speed on the LAN cable?
As presented in your example, yes. If—as you state—three people actively using the wireless Internet they are not “magically” connected to a different Internet than your wired LAN. A four (4) users—the three (3) wireless users and the one (1) ...

Wireless radio signals from your router will do not utilize any bandwidth by themselves. Turning off wireless communications if there are no users will not increase your bandwidth. Wireless communications use RTS (Ready--to-Send)/RTR (Ready-to-Receive) signals and are therefore not as efficient as a wired communication, because the device cannot send and ...

is it possible that actually I'm not leaving the Loopback ?
Yes.
Most if not all Ethernet devices do not receive their own transmissions, so a machine on an Ethernet can't communicate with itself by sending a packet to their own MAC address on the Ethernet. Therefore, most IP protocol stacks detect attempts to send to the interface's own IP address ...

ae12.edge1.NewYork2.level3.net does not appear to be passing traffic. The effects of the problem are sporadic and widespread. https://downdetector.com/status/level3?fb_action_ids=10205484876232871&fb_action_types=og.comments

I could be wrong, but if your external IP was the same, your actual requests to site probably didn't go through the VPN, but your DNS lookups may have hit your company DNS server. So xhamster.com, livejasmin.com, etc. will appear in any DNS logs, but not things like specific pages you were viewing.
Sounds like your company may have implemented ...

No, BIND is not required on every box. You only need BIND (or you can use GoDaddy's name servers to do it) on a single box to do your work.
As far as setting up a subdomain, you'll need to setup a Zone file on your BIND server. Here's a decent site to explain a way to do that:
http://www.zytrax.com/books/dns/ch9/subdomain.html

I figured out an easy way to do it. When my script executes the netstat command on the router to verify that the RDP tunnel is open, I can also send an RDP connection request over the tunnel using netcat!
This is the command I used to send the connection request packet. I grabbed the packet itself from the example connection sequence in Microsoft's RDP ...

I am presuming you will use your own wifi routers,
First thing first you will need about 6-15 APs. Exact number will depend on the make and width of the walls in your hostel and the kind of APs you use.
You will need a SIP server (lookup http://www.asterisk.org/) to authenticate and manage users and then VoIP clients on the phone and laptop for the users ...

Do not use the WAN port, use one of the LAN ports on the secondary router B. Also, disable DHCP and point the DNS, router and gateway settings to router A's IP address if you can. Let me know what happens. I have an identical setup.

PPTP can be blocked by ISPs because it (1) runs exclusively on port 1723 and (2) uses non-standard GRE packets which are easily identifiable. See PPTP on Wikipedia.
The solution is using OpenVPN protocol instead of PPTP. Here's a tutorial by BestVPN that covers setting up OpenVPN on a linux VPS.
There are increasing degrees of obfuscation that can make ...

You will need to change the port RDP is listening on for one of the computers since the router (all routers actually) can only forward a port request to a single computer.
1.Start Registry Editor.
2.Locate and then click the following registry subkey:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\TerminalServer\WinStations\RDP-Tcp\PortNumber
3.On ...

Perhaps narrow the scan by a single port (like tcp 80) on all the private subnets. Other ports that may be open are udp 67, 68, tcp 443, 53 (tcp/udp)
nmap -p 80 -Pn -n -T5 10.0.0.0/8
It will scan quicker if you limit it to one or two ports. If it's bricked, you may need serial access to fix it.

Ubuntu differs from Windows due to the fact that it supports ucarp which does the following:
ucarp allows a pair of hosts to share common IP addresses in order to
provide automatic failover of an address from one machine to another.
References
ucarp Man page
How to use automatic TCP/IP addressing without a DHCP server

In the order you listed:
Policy 4: You are correct.
Policy 3: You are correct.
Policy 2: You're pretty much correct. If you only have one public IP, all traffic will be NATed to it. This is an explicit rule which is helpful when you have a range of public IPs and different services on different IPs.
Policy 1: This rule is a hairpin NAT rule that ...

Answering this sort of question requires correct use of mathematical skills (in addition to an understanding of subnets). You said that 2^6 (8-2 = 6). It is true that 8-2 is 6, but 2 raised to the sixth power is 64, not 8. This is wrong, which may be why you are experiencing some problems.
A subnet mask of 255.255.255.192 has 64 addresses, of which you ...

Your router either doesn't support NAT Hairpinning (also known as NAT Loopback), or it's not enabled. Try connecting from outside your home network (like from a smartphone with Wi-Fi disabled). You'll probably find that it works.

Computers behind a router are on the router's LAN (local area network) side, and the modem is on the router's WAN (wide area network) side, so they are separate networks, and the modem would not have a 192.168.x.x IP address, since it's not local. You need to connect to your router's configuration website and see what it says is the modem's IP address.