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SUMMARY:Conditions for evolution by natural selection and niche constructi
on
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T133000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T134500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-89@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Liz Pasztor ()\nLewontin`s (2010) four metaphor-free
conditions for evolution explain neither diversification nor niche constr
uction in themselves. Adding two more assumptions – one about the necess
ity of regulated population growth (“limitedness”) and another about t
he constraints on emerging variations (“interdependence”) – may expl
ain both. Model-independent derivation of the conditions for competitive e
xclusion and robust coexistence (Meszéna et. al. 2006\, Barabás et. al.
2014) follows from the complete set of metaphor-free assumptions. This set
of conditions explains the tendency for diversification\, provides direct
ion to the population dynamic processes and to evolution in the long run.
Our textbook confined to the study of the distribution and abundance of sp
ecies and structured according to the complete set of principles (Pásztor
et. al. 2016) proves their essential role in ecology. A uniform definitio
n of fitness of reproductive units (genes/haplotypes\, complete genomes of
clonally reproducing individuals\, species identity of sexually reproduci
ng individuals) may unify ecological and genetic approaches illustrating t
hat a system of alleles is “perfectly isomorphic” (Hardin\, 1960) with
a system of species in this sense. The concept of niche construction due
to interactions between the organisms and their biotic or abiotic environm
ents can be integrated via the theory-based niche concept as the way of po
pulation regulation. Interactions between the organisms and their environm
ents lead to positive or negative feed-backs between their density and rat
e of population growth (fitness). It is impossible to define niche and nic
he construction without considering the impacts of population growth on th
e environmental factors and the sensitivities of population growth on thes
e factors (i.e. the feed-back loops). This reinforces the need for the inc
lusion of limitation of population growth and interdependence of organisma
l traits into the core of evolutionary theory\, just like Darwin did. Bara
bás\, G.\, Pásztor\, L.\, Meszéna\, G. and Ostling\, A. (2014). Sensiti
vity analysis of coexistence in ecological communities: theory and applica
tion. Ecology Letters\, 17: 1479-1494. Hardin\, G. (1960). The Competitive
Exclusion Principle. Science 131: 1292-1297. Lewontin\, R.C. (2010) Not S
o Natural Selection. The New York Review of Books May 27. Meszéna\, G.\,
Gyllenberg\, M.\, Pásztor\, L. and Metz\, J.A.J. (2006). Competitive excl
usion and limiting similarity: a unified theory. Theor Popul Biol\, 69: 68
-87. Pásztor\, L.\, Botta-Dukát\, Z.\, Magyar\, G.\, Czárán\, T. and M
eszéna\, G. (2016). Theory-Based Ecology: A Darwinian approach\, OUP Oxfo
rd. pp.301.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/89/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/89/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Keynote: The Extended Synthesis: A Human Evolution Perspective
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T120000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T130000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-88@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Kevin Laland ()\nThis talk will have two parts. In t
he first\, I will provide a brief general introduction to the logic and ob
jectives of the extended evolutionary synthesis (EES). I will describe why
it was proposed\, how it can be of service\, and why expanded inheritance
\, developmental bias\, plasticity and niche construction were selected as
foci. I will go on to briefly sketch what it is about each of these topic
s that leads some researchers to believe a broader causal structure for ev
olutionary theory might be useful. The EES should be regarded as a benign
initiative\, and a means to an end rather than an end in itself\; it is a
distortion to portray it as a (call for) paradigm shift or attack on evolu
tionary biology. In the second part I will draw on my own research into hu
man evolution to illustrate how bias\, plasticity\, expanded inheritance a
nd niche construction are all now commonly thought to have played importan
t roles. I will conclude by suggesting that different evaluations of the i
mportance of these foci in part stem from alternative conceptions of devel
opment\, which vary substantially across academic fields.\n\nhttps://works
hops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/88/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/88/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Welcome Address
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T114000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T120000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-87@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/87/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/87/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Perspectives on programmed cell death in microbial communities: gr
oup selection\, niche construction and phenotypic plasticity
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T134500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T140000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-90@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pierre Durand ()\nProgrammed cell death (PCD) increa
ses the fitness of multicellular organisms via tissue homeostasis and orga
nismal development. In unicellular organisms\, however\, PCD takes on addi
tional evolutionary significance because the cell is the organism. Here\,
the definition of ‘true’ PCD in unicells as “an adaptation to abioti
c and biotic environmental stress” is adopted and justified with empiric
al data. The evolution of the other forms of death\, ersatz PCD and incide
ntal death\, are not dealt with. The evolutionary ecology of PCD in microb
ial communities will be presented from three perspectives. First\, the pub
lished theoretical and empirical data for the evolution of PCD as a group
or kin level phenomenon will be reviewed. These data come from a diverse r
ange of single celled eukaryotes including Saccharomyces\, Chlamydomonas\,
Dictyostelium\, Leishmania and Peridinium species and the prokaryotes Esc
herichia and Streptomyces. Second\, the previously unexplored perspective
of PCD evolution by niche construction will be presented. Data from Dunali
ella salina and Halobacterium salinarum demonstrate that D. salina signifi
cantly modifies the microenvironment via PCD. The environmental modificati
on has a positive fitness impact on both D. salina and a naturally co-occu
rring archaeon H. salinarum. The simplified criteria for evolution by nich
e construction are met\, however\, there is a caveat. It will be claimed t
hat an interpretation of the evolution of PCD by niche construction still
requires cooperation between individuals such that there is selection at t
he group or kin level. Third\, the marked plasticity of the PCD phenotype
is associated with the evolution of alternate life history strategies. In
some instances\, one variant of the PCD trait is associated with a multice
llular-like life cycle. This is the case in Streptomyces and Dictyostelium
species. In others\, the induction of sexual reproduction in unicellular
and multicellular volvocines appears to be an alternate response to PCD. T
he plasticity of the PCD stress response may lead to a number of phenotype
s within a clonal population\, including programmed death\, cell-cycle arr
est\, encystation and sexual reproduction. The three perspectives discusse
d here (group selection\, niche construction and phenotypic plasticity) wi
ll illustrate alternate contextual approaches to investigating the complex
phenomenon of PCD in microbial communities.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.
mpg.de/event/8/contributions/90/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/90/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Let the concept of eco-evolutionary feedbacks be mechanistic!
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T140000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T141500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-91@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Blake Matthews ()\nFeedbacks between heritable trait
change and the dynamics of populations\, communities\, and ecosystems are
central to evolutionary ecology. Models of these feedbacks require a stro
ng understanding of the ecological dynamics of natural selection\, and the
effects of trait distributions on these dynamics. Multiple theoretical fr
ameworks have been proposed to study feedbacks that vary in their assumpti
ons about the timescales of trait change and the mechanics of adaptive evo
lution. Experimental tests of feedbacks are common in lab-based studies\,
but rare in more natural settings. Here\, I present several experimental t
ests of eco-evolutionary feedbacks in large outdoor mesocosms\, using stic
kleback as a model organism. I find evidence for key components of eco-evo
lutionary feedbacks: i) stickleback ecotypes differentially modify their b
iotic and abiotic environment\, ii) ecosystem modifications are persistent
over time\, and iii) they affect selection pressures on subsequent genera
tions. Overall\, this work suggests that adaptive phenotypic evolution can
influence ecosystems in a way that affects selection on heritable phenoty
pes.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/91/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/91/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Toward a mechanistic theory of adaptive evolution
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T153000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T154500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-93@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Franjo Weissing ()\nEvolutionary predictions can onl
y be as good as the models on which they are based. Traditionally\, evolut
ionary models are kept as simple as possible\, with the idea that simple m
odels are more easily tractable and that their conclusions are more genera
l and robust. These models tend to focus on how selection acts on the phen
otype and on the phenotypic response patterns to environmental stimuli\, t
hereby largely neglecting the (epi-)genetic\, physiological\, and behaviou
ral mechanisms underlying these phenotypes and responses. With the advent
of mechanism-oriented fields like evo-devo or evolutionary systems biology
this attitude is slowly changing. To synthesize these developments\, I pr
opose a new\, mechanism-oriented framework that views the architecture of
adaptation\, rather than the resulting responses\, as the primary target o
f natural selection. By means of general arguments and concrete example st
udies\, I will demonstrate that this change in perspective has major impli
cations: (1) it may lead to fundamentally different predictions concerning
the course and outcome of evolution\; (2) it sheds new light on the emerg
ence and maintenance of genetic and phenotypic variation\; and (3) it prov
ides a new perspective on the speed of evolution and the potential of orga
nisms to adapt to novel environmental conditions.\n\nhttps://workshops.evo
lbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/93/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/93/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Speciation and reproductive isolation: who is the first in ecology
driven divergence
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T154500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T160000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-94@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Arseniy Lobov ()\nAt the sea shores of the European
part of Northern Atlantic\, periwinkles of the genus Littorina (subgenus N
eritrema) are represented by two sister groups of closely related species:
“obtusata” (L. obtusata\, L. fabalis) and “saxatilis” group (L. s
axatilis\, L. arcana\, L. compressa). Moreover\, most of the species\, esp
ecially\, L. saxatilis\, tend to form ecotypes along shore’s ecological
gradient. All these species live in sympatry and incomplete restriction of
gene flow was shown within “obtusata” and “saxatilis” although\,
cryptic groups are fully isolated from each other. Based on both partial r
eproductive isolation and tendency of species to form ecotypes\, species w
ithin cryptic complexes could be accepted as results of ecological speciat
ion processes (possibly not fully finished yet). Sibling species of the su
bgenus Neritrema are well studied as a model system for ecological speciat
ion and adaptation. Analysis of reproductive isolation mechanisms in this
model system promises to turn up very fruitful. It could elucidate when do
es reproductive isolation form during ecological speciation and is it a ke
y event for speciation. Traditionally the appearance of a reproductive bar
rier is attributed to reinforcement\, natural selection against hybrid for
ms (this may be regarded as a kind of postzygotic barrier). Nevertheless\,
there are just a few direct studies on mechanisms of reproductive barrier
s in the Littorina model system. Our studies of mating behavior in Neritre
ma species showed that there is no reproductive isolation before inseminat
ion in any level: all mating variant can be found in natural populations.
Thus\, if reproductive isolation is implemented in prezygotic level\, ther
e should be gamete incompatibility (according to the wide Mayr’s definit
ion). Such mechanisms are well studied in insects but not in internally fe
rtilized molluscs. We identified the LOSP protein potentially involved in
gamete interaction and related to formation of reproductive barriers. LOSP
initially detected in L. obtusata sperm is a paraspermal protein\, presen
t in all Neritrema species. Most probably it is released after inseminatio
n and may be involved in reproductive isolation between Neritrema species
via sperm competition mechanisms. Thus\, comparison of LOSP diversity\, on
the one hand\, and physiological similarity of initially specified subpop
ulations\, on the other hand\, can reveal: do ecological adaptation and ge
netic flow restriction form simultaneously? The project is supported by th
e grand of Russian Foundation for Basic Research number 18-34-00873.\n\nht
tps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/94/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/94/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Male mate choice and sexual selection
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T160000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T161500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-95@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ingo Schlupp ()\nA vast majority of studies in sexua
l selection focus on only two mechanisms\, male -male competition and fema
le choice. Yet clearly\, both male mate choice and female competition are
important factors in sexual selection. I will review this – with a focus
on male mate choice -\, using Livebearing fishes of the family Poeciliida
e as an example. There are surprisingly many examples of male mate choice
in this taxonomic group. Males in this group contribute nothing but an eja
culate to the offspring\, making the evolution of male mate choice unlikel
y. But several studies found clear preferences in males based on differenc
es in female quality. Most commonly\, male preferences for female body siz
e have been documented\, likely related to increased fecundity found in la
rger females. Finally\, I will point out a number of open questions in the
field\, including the role of female competition\, and the relationship o
f male mate choice with female ornaments.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg
.de/event/8/contributions/95/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/95/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Local adaptation and the macroevolutionary dynamics of phenologica
l plasticity
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T081500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T083000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-97@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Stephen De Lisle ()\nTheory predicts that adaptive p
lasticity in fitness-related traits may play a key role in establishment i
n novel environments\, persistence in changing environments\, and allopatr
ic speciation. Yet testing these hypotheses is difficult\, especially at t
he macroevolutionary level\, due to the inherent difficulty of measuring p
lasticity. We exploit recent methodical advances to estimate the strength
of plasticity and the environmental dependence of selection\, the two key
parameters linking plasticity and local adaptation\, from observational da
ta from a large-scale database of over one million individual records of a
dult damselflies and dragonflies and corresponding spring temperatures. Ou
r aim is to elucidate the role that temperature-induced plasticity in timi
ng of metamorphosis (phenological plasticity)\, a key life history transit
ion\, plays in macroevolutionary diversification. Specifically\, we predic
t that: 1) the strength of plasticity should coevolve with the environment
al dependency of selection and 2) the contribution of plasticity to local
adaptation should be highest in extreme/recently colonized environments. O
ur analysis of over one million records from 49 species supports both pred
ictions. First\, we find correlated evolution of the strength of plasticit
y and the environmental dependence of selection. Second\, we show that the
contribution of phenotypic plasticity to within-species local adaptation
increases during the recent\, post-glaciation colonization of Northern reg
ions. Our results suggest that phonological plasticity may have played an
important role in temperate diversification in these insects. Moreover\, a
n extensive long-term database of selection in wild populations allows the
unique opportunity to validate these novel comparative approaches to the
study of phenotypic plasticity.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/
8/contributions/97/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/97/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A classifying framework that clarifies the different routes toward
s adaptive evolution
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T083000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T084500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-98@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Pim Edelaar ()\, Pim Edelaar ()\nEvolutionary adapta
tion is typically accredited to natural selection. However\, natural selec
tion can only adapt populations\, and by itself has little to offer to loc
ally maladapted individuals. Because of this\, flexible individual respons
es have evolved that can help individuals to increase their fitness. By me
ans of a simple yet apparently comprehensive classification framework\, I
will derive that only three such responses can exist (as appears to be con
firmed from the social and economic sciences): adjustment of the phenotype
(e.g. plasticity)\, adjustment of the environment (e.g. niche constructio
n)\, and selection of the environment (e.g. habitat choice). I will then e
xplore to what extent\, and under what conditions\, these flexible respons
es can additionally and independently drive adaptive evolution (touching u
pon discussions surrounding the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis and the Ex
tended Phenotype). This framework can help to shift our evolutionary think
ing from an organism- and gene-centred position towards that of the evolut
ion of the organism-environment interaction via genetic and alternative he
reditary means.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/
98/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/98/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Evolutionary implications of plasticity: insights from wall lizard
embryos
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T084500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T090000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-99@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Nathalie Feiner ()\nGene expression is inherently pl
astic\, and the expression profiles of ectotherm embryos differ substantia
lly between incubation temperatures. We used an experimental approach to u
nderstand the relationship between short-term plastic responses and long-t
erm evolutionary responses in transcriptomes. Wall lizards have been intro
duced to the UK numerous times over the last century\, and several populat
ions have adapted independently and repeatedly to the cooler climate by in
creasing their developmental rate. Using a split-clutch experiment\, we as
ked how expression profiles at an early developmental stage differ between
embryos of native and introduced populations at two different incubation
temperatures. Accounting for divergence due to drift\, we identified a set
of genes that showed evidence for positive selection on expression in int
roduced\, compared to native populations. Intersecting this set of genes w
ith temperature-dependent gene expression in the native population shows t
hat genes that evolved a putatively adaptive response to cool climate were
predominantly drawn from the pool of genes that exhibits ancestral temper
ature-dependence in their expression. I discuss how these results contribu
te to our understanding of evolutionary implications of plasticity.\n\nhtt
ps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/99/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/99/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Adaptation without selection: possible explanations
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T113000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T114500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-101@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Andrei Granovitch ()\nTerm “adaptation” means a
feature or set of features making organism fitting to its environment. Ada
ptation as a process (making an organism adapted) is traditionally interpr
eted as being inextricably linked with action of natural selection (NS) as
a main forming force during speciation. Nevertheless\, there are at least
two conceivable explanations of the fact of “organism to environment fi
tness” regarding NS as a subordinate\, secondary factor. The first alter
native explanation implicates the fundamental phenomenon of phenotypic pla
sticity. The homeostasis of an organism is tuned by environment through ph
ysiological and biochemical mechanisms\, resulting in fitness to particula
r conditions. Long-term habitat change\, which last during several generat
ions\, will lead to genetic “substitutions” of initially phenotypic ad
aptation to the genetic ones (Waddington\, 1947\, Schmalhausen\, 1949\, We
st-Eberhard\, 2003\, Kull\, 2014). Typical physiological and biochemical p
atterns could be fixed at the genomic level if certain environmental patte
rns persist for a long time\, for several generations. In this case\, NS (
together with stochastic genetic changes and mutation rate) is regarded as
a secondary mechanism. According to such scenario\, the genetic backgroun
d of certain adaptive complex emerges when this adaptive complex does alre
ady exist. NS may play its secondary role at this step\, contributing to a
ppearance of optimal genetic machinery. The second conceptual approach app
eals to the ideas of self-organization of living matter (Denton et al.\, 2
003\, Newman et al.\, 2006\, Wills\, 2009\, Johnson\, Lam\, 2010). Accordi
ng to this\, NS should be placed at least alongside the self-organization
patterns to explain the mechanisms of evolution. Consequently\, the notion
s on evolution as “selectogenesis” should be at least partly replaced
by the notions of “orthogenesis”. The source of adaptivity within the
self-organization conception is not obvious and may be described as follow
s. Any genetic or nongenetic variation of an organism is comprised (includ
ed) in a system of hierarchical multiple compensation\, from the molecular
to biocenotic levels. During its manifestation\, the signal of variation
passes through a series of “system filters” or “checkpoints” at th
e epigenetic\, ontogenetic\, physiological\, behavioral\, populational and
biocenotic levels. Each “filter” is represented by multiple feedbacks
maintaining the integrity of systems at every particular level and all th
e levels taken together. These “system filters” is where the adaptivit
y comes from making every individual an object for action of the Law of Mu
ltilevel Self-Organization. Thus\, adaptivity originates on the basis of v
ariations as a mandatory case of multilevel self-organization. The functio
n of NS\, in this way of thinking\, is reduced to a secondary mechanism\,
discarding individuals incapable of effective self-organization.\n\nhttps:
//workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/101/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/101/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Keynote: Eco-Devo Insights to Evolution: A Case Study in 3 Big Que
stions
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T091500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T100000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-100@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Sonia Sultan ()\nOur understanding of adaptive evolu
tion is grounded in a deterministic view of genetic variants. Yet develop
ment takes shape through the interaction of an organism’s genotype with
its environment\, an interaction that can be surprisingly complex both wi
thin and across generations. How does this causal entanglement change our
view of evolution? Ecological developmental biology explicitly examines p
henotypic expression in environmental context. A suite of within- and tran
s-generational ‘eco-devo’ experiments with annual plants provides a ca
se study that reveals the repertoires of adaptive and maladaptive plastici
ty inherent in individual genotypes\, and points to newly expanded answers
to three fundamental evolutionary questions: the nature of adaptation\, t
he kind of biological information that is inherited\, and how to define --
and study—the process of evolutionary change.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolb
io.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/100/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/100/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Selection on function-valued traits: thermal plasticity and therma
l canalization in the wild
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T114500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T120000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-102@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Erik Svensson ()\nPhenotypic plasticity and its conv
erse (canalization) have been subject to many theoretical and empirical st
udies. Theory suggests that adaptive phenotypic plasticity can evolve in t
emporally or spatially heterogeneous environments through selection on the
slopes or intercepts of reaction norms. For instance\, Lande (2009\, J. E
vol. Biol. 22: 1435-1446) modelled reaction norm evolution following the i
nvasion of a population in to a novel and extreme environment and he was a
ble to partly capture the so-called "Baldwin effect". Modelling phenotypic
plasticity as slopes of reaction norms and studying the evolutionary dyna
mics of such reaction norm slopes and their intercepts is a promising appr
oach\, but sofar there are few empirical quantitative studies investigatin
g the strength of selection on reaction norm slopes or intercepts. In cont
rast\, there are many empirical studies demonstrating genetic variation in
reaction norms through family-based studies on genotype-by-environment in
teractions. Here\, I will present some new empirical field data where we h
ave tried to fill in this gap. We have quantified between-individual varia
tion in reaction norm slopes and intercepts of body temperature changes in
relation to the external thermal environment in two closely related and p
henotypically similar species of damselflies (genus Calopteryx). We have a
lso estimated the strength of selection on both slopes and intercepts in t
he field of these two damselfly species. Our results show that sexual sele
ction does in some situations favour thermal canalization rather than ther
mal plasticity. These results will be discussed in relation to some genera
l issues such as the roles of plasticity\, canalization and regulatory beh
aviours in evolution.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contribu
tions/102/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/102/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:A meta-analytical study of the concordance of plastic and evolutio
nary responses
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T140000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T141500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-105@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Reinder Radersma ()\nDevelopmental bias is the non-r
andom generation of phenotypes as a result of developmental processes\; ma
king some (combinations of) phenotypes more likely than others. Developmen
tal bias is clearly widespread\, but there is little insight in the genera
lity of the patterns\, nor in their evolutionary consequences. Here\, we t
ake a meta-analytical approach and test whether environmentally induced ph
enotypic variation has evolutionary potential\, as predicted under the ‘
plasticity-first’ hypothesis. We collect phenotypic and genetic variance
-covariance matrices (P- and G-matrices) for populations in their ancestra
l and a novel environment and test whether (a) environmentally induced var
iation is biased\, and (b) if this bias is concordant with genetic varianc
e-covariance matrices. Alignment between genetic and environmentally induc
ed components of phenotypic variation can help to reveal how developmental
biases evolve\, and the extent to which plastic response has evolutionary
potential.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/105/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/105/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:The role of developmental plasticity in the evolution of crypsis i
n a freshwater isopod
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T141500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T143000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-106@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Moritz Luerig ()\nNatural selection and phenotypic p
lasticity can both contribute to ecologically relevant trait variation wit
hin and among populations. Previous work suggests that variation in crypti
c pigmentation of freshwater isopods (Asellus aquaticus) has evolved in re
sponse to predation pressure by fish in habitats with varying macrophyte c
over and coloration. However\, more recent evidence suggests that the deve
lopment of isopod pigmentation can also depend on the nutritional environm
ent during development and may be of importance in determining the traject
ory of the life-history that follows. To address this\, we investigated i)
the degree and potential costs of developmental plasticity in pigmentatio
n and body size of the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus and tested ii)
for genetic variation in plasticity among families. In a series of laborat
ory experiments we reared offspring from 30 isopod families in common gard
en under two different diets (high / low nutrient concentration). We found
that differential nutrient supply lead to consistent differences in pigme
ntation: isopods reared under high nutrient diet developed stronger pigmen
tation earlier on than isopods reared under low nutrient diet. Differences
in growth rates were small and inconsistent among families. Survival was
lower in the high nutrient environment\, where isopods also died earlier t
han in the low nutrient environment. Moreover\, all diet based effects on
pigmentation\, body size and survival were strongly affected by family des
cent. Overall our results show that there is genetic variation in plastici
ty associated with the development of A. aquaticus\, suggesting that selec
tive processes may interact with plasticity in the given population.\n\nht
tps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/106/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/106/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Why extra-genetic inheritance is a platypus
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T074500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T080000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-109@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Irene Adrian-Kalchhauser ()\n...and what we can do a
bout it. In my talk I will take a look at the history of science and outli
ne that extra-genetic inheritance is a classic Duhem-Quine problem. I will
explain why the representation of extragenetic inheritance as a fairy-tal
e organism with apparently incompatible characteristics (like a platypus)
can contribute to understanding the current debate about its relevance. I
will explain that current evolutionary models clearly point the way forwar
d for groundbreaking empirical research and argue that unconventional and
above all interdisciplinary approaches are needed. Finally\, I will summar
ize my own current work on the interaction of environment and epigenetics
in wild fish.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/10
9/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/109/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Discusson/ mini-talks Phenotypic Plasticity
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T120000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T130000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-103@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Daniel Romero Mujalli (Poster) ()\, Helen Spence-Jon
es (Poster) ()\, Luis-Miguel Chevin (discussion panel) ()\, Rienk Fokkema
(Poster) ()\, Sonia Sultan (discussion panel) ()\nWith mini-talks by poste
r presenters Rienk Fokkema\, Daniel Romero Mujalli\, Helen Spence-Jones\,
Mark Chapman\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/103
/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/103/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Discussion/ mini-talks Developmental Bias
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T150000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T160000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-107@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Edith Invernizzi (poster) ()\, Joanna Summers (poste
r) ()\, Michael Barnett (poster) ()\, Miguel Gomez (poster) ()\, Paul Brak
efield (discussion panel) ()\nWith mini-talks by poster presenters Joanna
Summers\, Michael Barnett\, Miguel Gomez and Edith Invernizzi\n\nhttps://w
orkshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/107/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/107/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Spatial heterogeneity induces selection on a system of adaptive ep
igenetic induction
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T080000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T081500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-110@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Philip Greenspoon ()\nEvidence that non-genetic trai
ts can be transmitted to future generations has caused a surge in interest
in epigenetic inheritance. If it were found to be common across species t
hat adaptive traits acquired during an organism’s lifetime can be passed
on to future generations it would prompt a rethinking of evolutionary the
ory. Yet solid evidence for epigenetic changes being both adaptive and her
itable (i.e.\, adaptive epimutation) is scarce. What features of a species
would make it most prone to evolve a system of adaptive epimutation? Here
we use a mathematical model to investigate if and when adaptive epimutati
on would be expected to evolve when selection pressure varies spatially. W
e show that spatial variation in selection provides indirect selection for
adaptive epimutation. When the migration rate is low\, the strength of in
direct selection in favour of adaptive epimutation increases with the migr
ation rate between patches. Yet\, when migration rate becomes larger\, the
opposite trend is observed. We predict that species with moderate migrati
on rates inhabiting heterogeneous environments would be most likely to evo
lve systems of adaptive epimutation\, but only if costs of producing such
systems are not too high.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/cont
ributions/110/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/110/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Can transgenerational acclimation shift DNA-methylation pattern to
wards an adaptive state?
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T090000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T091500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-111@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Melanie Heckwolf ()\nMelanie J. Heckwolf1*\, Britta
S. Meyer1*\, Robert Häsler3\, Sören Franzenburg3\, Christophe Eizaguirre
2 and Thorsten B. H. Reusch1 * Both authors contributed equally to this wo
rk 1 Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes\, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for O
cean Research Kiel\, Kiel\, Germany 2 School of Biological and Chemical Sc
iences\, Queen Mary University of London\, London\, UK 3 Institute of Clin
ical Molecular Biology\, Kiel University\, Kiel\, Germany Epigenetic varia
tion is a recently discussed mechanism that allows phenotypes to vary with
out the prerequisite of DNA sequence based genetic change. If epigenetic m
arks are heritable\, this might provide an accelerated pathway for subsequ
ent adaptive evolution. However\, the relative contribution of genetic and
epigenetic variation to adaptation and the stability and heritability of
underlying epigenetic marks remain unclear. We assessed the natural epigen
omic variation (DNA methylation) in three marine three-spined stickleback
populations originating from different salinity regimes in the Baltic Sea
and North Sea (high\, mid and low salinity). Additionally we collected sti
cklebacks from one population (mid salinity)\, bred them in the lab and ac
climated them over one and two generations to the salinity levels of the t
wo remaining populations (high and low salinity). Using reduced representa
tion bisulfite sequencing (RRBS)\, we compared DNA-methylation between the
two wild populations\, the within-generationally and the transgenerationa
lly acclimated groups to provide a comprehensive analysis of stability and
inducibility of natural epigenomic variation. While most CpG methylation
revealed to be stable\, we found methylation of genes associated to osmore
gulation and oxygen consumption to be inducible by experimental salinity c
hange. Other genes influencing vitamin biosynthetic processes or skin deve
lopment were stable within the population regardless of their treatment co
nditions. Comparing these findings to RNA-Seq data and life history trait
measurements of the same individuals\, we are not only able to assess the
stability of epigenetic marks\, but further show their impact on the (mole
cular) phenotype. Our holistic approach provides insight on epigenetic pat
terns in the wild and their potential role in adaptation and experimental
acclimation.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/111
/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/111/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Culture and Evolution: Non-genetic inheritance\, symbols\, traditi
ons and co-evolution in humans and other animals.
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T084500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T090000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-112@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Inigo Ongay de Felipe ()\nMuch discussion has recent
ly arisen in relation to the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis to the effect
that the Weismann barrier between germ and soma may at times be effective
ly trespassed by processes of trans-generational epigenetic inheritance an
d non-genetic inheritance. This is extremely significant as the strict sep
aration between soma and germ and thus the prohibition of the Inheritance
of Acquired Characteristics represents one of the most salient features of
the account of evolution proposed by the architects of the modern synthes
is in the first half of the 20th Century. A relevant wealth of research in
very many different areas of epigenetics\, niche construction and ecologi
cal inheritance theory and evo-devo shows\, however\, that cases in which
this separation fails to hold do constitute the norm rather than the excep
tion in many biological contexts. This seems to entail that our traditiona
l view of evolution should be made broad enough so to accommodate the effe
cts of phenotypic flexibility and behavior on the direction of evolutionar
y change. This paper addresses current research on cultural evolution and
genetic accommodation with a view to showing that cultural trans-generatio
nal inheritance while being way more broadly prevalent across many animal
species than it was once thought\, signals one relevant way for heredity t
o take place in manners not quite contemplated by the modern synthesis. Ta
king a look at human (and more generally animal) cultures by using critica
lly some ideas developed by Ernst Cassirer´s philosophy of culture I will
show how symbols and symbolic activity are regularly intertwined in the v
ery process by which adaptive traits are transmitted on to the next genera
tions of individuals. The paper will show that this is especially the case
when it comes to processes of co-evolution in which both humans and other
biological species are involved. The point will be advanced that such co-
evolutionary scenarios far from representing marginal and relatively unimp
ortant footnotes in current Evolutionary Biology\, are actually becoming r
ampant within the biosphere after the advent of the Anthropocene. Secondly
\, I will also argue that even in other cases where behavior can hardly be
interpreted as genuinely symbolic\, it is still possible to show that ani
mal cultures and traditions do mediate in the process by which biological
individuals do pass information on to their offspring. To be sure\, this i
s not to say that the gen´s eye view of evolution is plainly false but ce
rtainly helps understand the extent to which some processes in evolution r
equire an inversion in the direction of the causal arrow. If so\, this wou
ld entail not only that our traditional view of evolution is in dire need
of a rethink but that our more general distinction between natural and cul
tural sciences ought to be reconsidered in a new and more multidimensional
light as well. To put it succinctly: while the relationship between evolu
tion and culture has often been regarded as one where evolution explains c
ulture off\, what the new strands in biological thinking show aplenty is t
hat both evolution and culture ought to be thought as causally interacting
with each other.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contribution
s/112/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/112/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Discussion/ mini-talks Extra-genetic inheritance
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T091500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T101500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-113@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Britta Meyer (poster) ()\, Ilkka Kronholm (discussio
n panel) ()\, Mariana Villalba (poster) ()\, Sandra Bouwhuis (poster) ()\,
Thomas Oudman (poster) ()\nMini talks by poster presenters Britta Meyer\,
Thomas Oudman\, Mariana Villalba\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/even
t/8/contributions/113/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/113/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Keynote: Role of epigenetic variation in adaptation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T070000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T074500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-108@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Ilkka Kronholm ()\nRecent experiments have shown tha
t spontaneous epigenetic variation exists. This means variation in heritab
le epigenetic changes that behave in a manner analogous to genetic variati
on. Currently this sort of variation is best understood for DNA methylatio
n in plants. We know that spontaneous DNA methylation changes happen\, and
the rate of these changes is many orders of magnitude higher than for gen
etic mutations. Based on theoretical models the extent on how epigenetic v
ariation changes evolutionary dynamics depends on the properties of epigen
etic variation. Namely the rate of spontaneous epigenetic changes\, their
stability\, and the distribution of their phenotypic effects. If both epig
enetic and genetic variation are present\, and they both can affect the ph
enotype\, this leads to an evolutionary dynamic where adaptation proceeds
first using epigenetic variation and subsequently the same phenotype is fi
xed using genetic mutations. The question remains does this happen in the
real world. We studied this question experimentally using the single celle
d algae Chlamydomonas\, and observed that manipulation of the epigenetic s
ystem affected adaptation. Moreover\, we observed many DNA methylation cha
nges\, that could not be explained by cis-acting mutations. In summary\, e
pigenetic changes have the potential to influence adaptation\, but to dete
rmine their importance we need better estimates of their phenotypic effect
s.\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/108/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/108/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Discussion Niche Construction/ Ecological Adaptation
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T141500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180926T151500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-92@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Arina Maltseva (Poster) ()\, Christoph Gahr (Poster)
()\, Karina Vanadzina (Poster) ()\, Kevin Laland (discussion panel) ()\nM
ini-Talks of poster presenters Karina Vanadzina\, Arina Maltseva\, Christo
ph Gahr\n\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/92/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/92/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Keynote: Butterfly eyespots and exploring developmental bias
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T131500Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T140000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-104@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Paul Brakefield ()\nBias in how development generate
s a morphology can in theory constrain the independent evolution of traits
sharing ontogenetic pathways\, making certain evolutionary changes more l
ikely than others. The eyespots on butterfly wings are classic examples of
serially repeated pattern elements and have been a focus for evo-devo res
earch over recent decades. Previous work on a model species of mycalesine
butterfly\, Bicyclus anynana\, revealed how the size and colour compositio
n of individual eyespots are modulated in development. Experimental evolut
ion also showed that the relative size of different eyespots on a wing sur
face is highly flexible\, but that the relative proportion of their colour
rings is largely inflexible\, presumably due to a shared developmental pr
ocess hindering independent evolutionary changes in colour-composition. We
have now surveyed the diversity in these eyespot traits across an extensi
ve phylogeny of mycalsine butterflies. Results are largely consistent with
the experimental evolution in our model species with the exception of a d
iverse clade on Madagascar. Eyespot colour proportions generally display s
imilar ratios across species consistent with a major role for developmenta
l bias in shaping evolutionary diversification of colour-composition. Howe
ver\, some Malagasy species have gained independent control of eyespot col
our elements enabling a wider exploration of morphospace. We have investig
ated the formation of this novel phenotype using micro surgery to manipula
te eyespot development in early pupal wings in a Malagasy species. The res
ults show how the bias has been broken by modulating the response of diffe
rent areas of wing tissue to a conserved ancestral organising signal. Our
results demonstrate how developmental bias can potentially constrain the e
volutionary independence of traits\, but that at a macro evolutionary leve
l such bias can be broken through innovative developmental reorganisations
\, with subsequent rapid change in phenotypic evolution.\n\nhttps://worksh
ops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/104/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/104/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Keynote: Extended Heredity and the Extended Synthesis: An attempt
to put recent developments of evolutionary theory into perspective
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T113000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180928T123000Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-114@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Troy Day ()\nIn recent years it has become increasin
gly apparent that non-genetic forms of heredity exist in a wide variety of
organisms. Furthermore\, these “extended” forms of heredity can have
interesting and important effects on how evolution by natural selection pr
oceeds. Parallel to these findings has been the development of ideas from
evo-devo\, niche construction theory\, and theory related to other “cons
tructive” processes in evolution\, with many of the researchers involved
now calling for a revision or extension of the Modern Synthesis of Evolut
ionary Biology. In this talk I will give my own view of these issues by at
tempting to put all of the recent arguments within a common theoretical pe
rspective. My goal in doing so is to clarify what both sides of the debate
are saying so that a more productive dialogue can be had.\n\nhttps://work
shops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/114/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/114/
END:VEVENT
BEGIN:VEVENT
SUMMARY:Keynote: The role of phenotypic plasticity in adaptation and popul
ation persistence in new environments
DTSTART;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T070000Z
DTEND;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20180927T074500Z
DTSTAMP;VALUE=DATE-TIME:20190321T173120Z
UID:indico-contribution-8-96@cern.ch
DESCRIPTION:Speakers: Luis-Miguel Chevin ()\nPhenotypic plasticity\, once
a somewhat controversial topic in evolution\, is now more broadly recogniz
ed as an important mechanism by which organisms can tolerate variable envi
ronments and avoid extinction. In particular\, it is now understood that p
henotypic plasticity does not necessarily counteract evolution by natural
selection\, and that investigating the origins of phenotypic diversity oft
en requires studying the interplays between plasticity and genetic evoluti
on\, including the evolution of plasticity itself. However\, the contribut
ion of phenotypic plasticity to adaptation and population persistence in n
ew environments\, beyond the usual range of variation\, is a more recent a
nd open question\, fostered notably by the interest in understanding - or
even predicting - population responses to global change. I will present re
sults from of our research on this topic\, based on simple quantitative ge
netic models of reactions norms. These models highlight some key parameter
s that are needed for better prediction of population responses to environ
mental change\, but for which empirical measurements are stills scarce. On
e is the genetic correlation of trait values between currently common and
rare/extreme environments\, which determines constraints on reaction norm
shapes. Another is environmental predictability or cue reliability\, which
may well differ between the previous and novel environment. I will end by
discussing some of the challenges with relating these theoretical predict
ions to empirical measurements\, with a particular focus on our current em
pirical work\, notably on the halotolerant microalgae Dunaliella salina.\n
\nhttps://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/96/
LOCATION:
URL:https://workshops.evolbio.mpg.de/event/8/contributions/96/
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR