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Definition: HP

(Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P., Palo Alto, CA, www.hp.com) One of the world's oldest and largest computer companies with revenues of USD $111 billion in 2014. In 2015, HP was split into two separate companies (see HP Enterprise).

HP was founded in 1939 by William Hewlett and David Packard in a garage behind the Packard's California home. Its first product, an audio oscillator for measuring sound, was the beginning of a line of electronics that made HP an international supplier of test and measurement instruments. Walt Disney Studios, HP's first big customer, purchased eight oscillators to develop and test a new sound system for the movie "Fantasia."

HP entered the computer field in 1966 with the 2116A, the first model of the series named HP 1000 a few years later. The 2116A was designed to gather and analyze the data produced by HP instruments. Lasting nearly four decades, HP 1000 computers were used for process monitoring and control, alarm management and machine monitoring.

In 1972, HP branched into business computing with the 3000 series, a multiuser system that became well known for its high reliability, especially for that time. The very successful 3000 family continued for more than three decades. Also in 1972, HP introduced the first scientific handheld calculator, the HP-35, obsoleting the slide rule and ushering in a new age of pocket-sized calculators. In 1982, the first HP 9000 workstation was introduced.

HP's first personal computer was the Touchscreen 150, a non-standard MS-DOS computer that gained only modest acceptance. In 1985, it introduced its first completely IBM-compatible PC, the 286-based Vectra model and has offered a variety of laptop and desktop PCs ever since.

In 1984, HP revolutionized the printer market with its desktop LaserJet printer, which has set the standard for the industry. HP continues its leadership in this area with routine advances in resolution, speed and price. It has become a formidable contender in desktop and network printers.

In 1986, it introduced Precision Architecture, a RISC-based architecture for its 3000 and 9000 series product lines, which proved very successful. In 1989, HP acquired Apollo Computer, a workstation manufacturer, and combined technologies to become a leader in the field of Unix-based workstations.

HP sells over 10,000 different products in the electronics and computer field and has gained a worldwide reputation for its quality engineering. In 1999, HP spun off its test and measurement divisions into a new company named Agilent Technologies. The business units involved grossed nearly USD $8 billion in 1998 and employed 45,000 people worldwide. Agilent is headquartered at 395 Page Mill Road, the site where Hewlett and Packard constructed their first building in 1943.

In 2002, HP acquired Compaq Computer. Since Compaq had acquired Digital Equipment Corporation in 1998, the Compaq acquisition resulted in HP absorbing its major competitor going back to the early days of minicomputers and lasting for many years. In 2008, the company acquired EDS, the largest computer services company in the U.S., creating a behemoth of more than 300,000 people worldwide (see EDS).

In 2011, HP acquired Palm and began to develop the TouchPad tablet based on Palm's webOS (see TouchPad).

In 2011, HP announced it would sell its $40 billion Personal Systems Group (PC division), but reversed that decision after a management change. However, three years later, HP decided to split the company into HP, Inc. for PCs and printers and Hewlett-Packard Enterprise for corporate services.

Hewlett and Packard - 1939

Hewlett (right) and Packard (left) develop their innovative audio oscillator in Packard's garage and wind up creating one of the top technology companies in the world. (Image courtesy of Hewlett-Packard Company.)

A Half Century Later

This photo of Hewlett and Packard was taken in 1988 at an awards ceremony. (Image courtesy of Hewlett-Packard Company.)

HP's First Product

This is the advertisement for the original audio oscillator in 1939. (Image courtesy of Hewlett-Packard Company.)

The 2116A

The 2116A was HP's first computer. Designed for process control, it was the beginning of a long line of products for that industry as well as for scientific and commercial applications. (Image courtesy of Hewlett-Packard Company.)