GLOSSARYAgha (or aga): title of Turkish origin
meaning commander, junior to Bey. Dissused as a title of
honour by the second half of the nineteenth century.
al-Waguih: 'The Honourable', a form of address used
in society for any wealthy man or son of a notable who
did not enjoy the title of Pasha or Bey.Amir: Prince.Amira: Princess.Amir al-Alai: Colonel (army or police), Captain
(REN) or, Group Captain (REAF). The holder of the rank
enjoyed the personal title of Bey.
Amir al-Liwa: Major-General (army or police),
Rear-Admiral (REN) or, Air Vice-Marshal (REAF). The
holder of the rank enjoyed the personal title of Pasha.
Arnauti (or Arnawudi): Albanian.A'yan: indigenous class of notables, landholders,
usually of Arabic origin.'Azama: the style assumed by Husain Kamil and Fuad
I while Sultans of Egypt, translated as Hautesse in
French, Altezza in Italian and Highness in English.Bey (or Beg): title of Turkish origin and junior
to Pasha, retained and conferred in two ranks
after 1922. Also accorded as a courtesy title to the sons
of a Pasha.Bimbashi: Major (army or police),
Lieutenant-Commander (REN) or, Squadron Leader (REAF).
The holder of the rank enjoyed the personal title of Bey.
Daulatlu Fakhamatlu (or Devletlu Fekhametlu): the
style enjoyed by the Vali of Egypt until the reign of
Khedive Ismail, equivalent to 'His Highness'.Divan Effendisi: Aide de Camp.Effendi (or Efendi): a title of Turkish origin,
analageous to Esquire, and junior to Bey.Effendimiz (or Efendimiz or Efendina): A form of
address analageous to Monseigeur and frequently used for
members of the Royal Family.Ferik: Lieutenant-General (army), Vice-Admiral
(REN) or Air Chief Marshal (REAF). The holder of the rank
enjoyed the personal title of Pasha.Hakim: provincial governor.Hakim 'Amm: Governor-General, especially of the
Sudan.Hanim (or Hanem): see Khanum.Hautesse: style accorded to the Sultan and Sultana
of Egypt after 1914, usually translated as Highness in
English and Altezza in Italian.Hazrat (or Hadret): "Excellency".
HazratSahibud-Daula (or Hadret Saheb
Al Dawla): "His Excellency, the Lord of the
State". A style attached to the highest court rank
(termed Rutbatal-Riyasat) and accorded to
gentlemen outside the Royal Family.HazratSahib ul-Izza (or Hadret Saheb
Al-Izzah): style attached to the fourth highest rank
accorded to gentlemen. Hazrat Sahib al-Jalala: the style used for the
King after 1922, equivalent to 'His Majesty'.HazratSahib ul-Ma'ali (or Hadret Saheb
Al-Mâali): "His Excellency the Sublime Lord",
a style attached to the third highest rank (termed Rutbatal-Imtiaz) accorded to gentlemen. HazratSahib ul-Makamur-Rafi (or
Hadret Saheb Al-Makam Al-Rafie): a style attached to the
second highest court rank. Conferred for life, after
1936, on recipients of the Chain of Fu'ad I. HazratSahib us-Sa'ada (or Hadret Saheb
Al-Sâadah): a style attached to the fourth highest court
rank accorded to gentlemen. Hazrat Sahib us-Sumuw al-Malik: the style used for
Royal Princes, equvalent to 'His Royal Highness'.Hazrat Sahibat al-Jalala: the style used for the
Queen after 1922, equivalent to 'Her Majesty'.
Hazrat Sahibat us-Sumuw al-Malik: the style used for
Royal Princesses, equvalent to 'Her Royal Highness'.Hukumdar (or Hukumdar 'Umum): 'Commissioner',
the title of the Governor-General of the Sudan until ca.
1885.Jalal: 'Majesty'.Jalal al-Malik: 'His Majesty the King'.Jalal al-Malika: 'Her Majesty the Queen'.Kadin: junior wife, other than one of the four
official wives permitted by the laws of Islam.
Kaid: General Officer Commanding.Kaimakam: Lieutenant-Colonel (army or police),
Commander (REN) or, Wing Commander (REAF). The holder of
the rank enjoyed the personal title of Bey.Kalfa: slave.Khanum (or Hanim/Hanem): 'Lady', feminine form of
Khan. A title of Turkish origin, enjoyed by the wives and
daughters of a Pasha.Khediva: title used for the wife of the Khedive.Khedive: 'master, lord, sovereign'. A title
translated as Viceroy, used informally for the ruler of
Egypt since the reign of Muhammad 'Ali the Great, and
officially from 17th May 1866.khutuba: engagement.Liwa: Major-General (army or police), Rear-Admiral
(REN) or, Air Vice-Marshal (REAF). The holder of the rank
enjoyed the personal title of Pasha.Ma'ali: Sublime.Majlis: council, assembly, or parliament.Majlisal-Balat: Royal Council of State.
Majlis-i-Ahkam: Council for the Promulgation of Laws.Majlis-i-Tanzimat: Council for the Reformation of
Old Laws and the Promulgation of New Laws.Malik: King, the official title of the ruler of
Egypt adopted 15th March 1922.Malika: Queen.Mamluk: white slave.Mir: Turkish corruption of Amir, commander.Miralai: Turkish corruption of Amir al-Alai,
Colonel (army or police), Captain (REN) or, Group Captain
(REAF). The holder of the rank enjoyed the personal title
of Bey.Mirliva: Turkish corruption of Amir al-Liwa,
Major-General (army or police), Rear-Admiral (REN) or,
Air Vice-Marshal (REAF). The holder of the rank enjoyed
the personal title of Pasha.Mîrmîran: Turkish corruption of Amir ul-Umara,
Lieutenant-General (army), Vice-Admiral (REN) or Air
Chief Marshal (REAF). The holder of the rank enjoyed the
personal title of Pasha.Mudir: manager.Mudir 'Umum: governor of an important province,
e.g. Dafur, Equatoria.Mulazim: Lieutenant.
MulazimAwal: First Lieutenant (army or
police), Sub-Lieutenant (REN) or, Flying Officer (REAF).
The holder of the rank enjoyed the personal title of Effendi.MulazimTani: Second Lieutenant (army or
police), Midshipman (REN) or, Pilot Officer (REAF). The
holder of the rank enjoyed the personal title of Effendi.Mushir: Field Marshal (army), Admiral of the Fleet
(REN) or, Marshal of the Royal Egyptian Air Force (REAF).
The holder of the rank enjoyed the personal title of Pasha.Nabil: Lord.Nabila: Lady.nikah: formal legal contract of marriage, which can sometimes be concluded before puberty, in which case the wife remains in her parental home until she is of child bearing age.Nishan (or Nichan): order of chivalry or
decoration of honour.Pasha (or Basha in Arabic): title of Turkish
origin, retained and conferred after 1922 in three ranks.Sahib: Lord.Sagashoshi: Adjutant Major. The holder of the rank
enjoyed the personal title of Effendi.Sahib ul-Izza (or Saheb Al-Izzah): style attached
to the fifth highest rank accorded to gentlemen. Sahib ul-Majd: 'noble lord', the style accorded to
members of the Royal Family enjoying the title of Nabil,
equivalent to 'His Lordship'.Sahibat ul-Majd: 'noble lady', the style accorded
to members of the Royal Family enjoying the title of
Nabila, equivalent to 'Her Ladyship'.Saraskar: commander-in-chief'.Saréchesme: 'commander of a thousand', an old Turkish military rank equivalent to Colonel.Sultan: ruler, title used for the ruler of Egypt
between 1914 and 1922.Sultana: title used for the wife of the ruler of
Egypt between 1914 and 1922.Vali (or Vali): Governor.ValidaEffendimiz (or Validé Efendimiz or
Walda Efendimiz): title borne by the mother of the
reigning Khedive.ValidaPashaEffendimiz (or Validé
Pasha Efendimiz or Walda Pasha Efendina): the title used
by the mother of Khedive Ismail Pasha.ValidaSultanaEffendimiz (or
Validé Sultan Efendimiz or Walda Sultane Efendina):
Sultana Mother, title used for the mother of Khedive
'Abbas Hilmi II.Wazir (or Vizier): Minister of State.Yuzbashi (or Youzbashi): Captain (army or police),
Lieutenant (REN) or, Flight Lieutenant (REAF). The holder
of the rank enjoyed the personal title of Effendi.Zevat-i-kiram: the term apllied to the
Turko-Circassian élite comprising the top three ranks of
the military and bureaucracy.zifaf: 'the bedding', the term used for the marriage celebration when a bride enters the household of her husband's family.