2/22/2015

Headline Feb 23, 2015/ ''' YOU BLOODY SMART! -MR. KHAN! '''

''' YOU BLOODY SMART!

-MR. KHAN! '''

The speaker here, is not referring to the Great O''Captain Imran Khan, just as he is not referring to me either, or all the other Great Khans that Pakistan has a monopoly over and on.

The speaker here, is referring to the ''Genetically Engineered Superman'', *Yeah, Khan, from Star Trek*.

Well I really can't do that in any kind of order, but all the great geniuses of the last century or so are : Einstein, Hawking, Poet Iqbal, Salam, Frankestein, Sherlock Holmes, Steve Jobs,

Tendulkar, Joseph Hooker, Oppenheimer, Assange, Van Gogh, and Alan Turing and on and on and on. Every country, may I respectfully add, has its genuises.

The bombe was an electro-mechanical device with relay switches rather than vacuum tubes and electronic circuits. But a subsequent machine at Bletchley, known as Colossus, was a major milestone.

The need for Colossus arose when the Germans started coding important messages, including orders from Hitler, with a machine that used 12 code wheels of unequal size.

To break it would require using lightning-quick electronic circuits.

The team in charge was led by Max Newman, who had been Turing's math don at Cambridge University.

Turing introduced Newman to the electronics wizard Tommy Flowers, who had devised wondrous vacuum-tube circuits while working for the British telephone system.

They realised that the only way to analyze German messages quickly enough was to store one of them in the internal electronic memory of a machine rather than trying to compare two punched paper tapes.

This would require 1,500 vacuum tubes. The Bletchley Park managers were skeptical, but the the team pushed ahead. By December 1943 -after only 11 months -it produced the first Colossus machine. An even bigger version, using 2400 tubes, was ready by June 1, 1944.

The machines helped confirm that Hitler was unaware of the planned D-Day invasion.

Turing's need to hide both his homosexuality and his codebreaking work meant that he often found himself playing his own imitation game, pretending to be things he wasn't.

At one point he proposed marriage to a female colleague, but then felt compelled to tell her. She was still willing to marry him, but he believed that imitating a straight man would be sham and decided not to proceed.

After the war, Turing turned his attention to an issue that he had wrestled with since his boarding-school friend Christopher Morcom's death.

Did humans have ''free will'' and consciousness, perhaps even a soul, that made them fundamentally different from from a programmed machine? By this time Turing had become skeptical.

He was working on machines that could modify their own programs based on information they processed, and he came to believe that this type of machine learning could lead to artificial intelligence.

In a 1950 paper, he began with a clear declaration:

''I propose to consider the question, ''Can machines think?''

With a school boy's sense of fun, he invented his ''imitation game,'' now generally known as the Turing Test, to give empirical meaning to that question.

Put a machine and a human in a room, he said, and send it written questions.

If you can't tell which answers are from the machine and which are from the humans, then there is no meaningful reason to insist that the machine isn't ''thinking''.

The Honour and Serving of the ''operational research'' continues. Thank you for reading, an maybe learning, and see Ya all on the following one.

With respectful dedication to the Students, Professors and Teachers of the world. See Ya all on !WOW! -the World Students Society Computers-Internet-Wireless: