The character of Peggy Carter was also very out of place in the 1940's. I'm surprised no one in the movie pointed that out. But then they were dealing with super soldiers and crazy futuristic technology.

I noticed the same thing. I thought it was weird because women were just starting to take their first steps towards equality after the war, and any woman that was overseas was usually just a nurse or secretary and not some high ranking officer. My guess is she was just really good at the job and was easy on the eyes.