UNLIKELY ALLIANCE ON IMMIGRATION

Forging an unlikely alliance, business and labor leaders joined in support of the White House’s immigration overhaul efforts Tuesday while also launching high-stakes negotiations to overcome an issue that has split them before — creating a guest-worker program to ensure future immigrants come to the U.S. legally.

The broad agreement on a need for immigration changes and a pathway to citizenship for an estimated 11 million unauthorized immigrants already here is driven largely by self-interest.

Both business and labor see an overhaul of the nation’s broken immigration system as a way to boost economic competitiveness with other nations while increasing the ranks of workers and union members.

For President Barack Obama, a partnership between factions that have often been at odds — both with each other and with the White House — may allow him to turn up pressure on Congress and try to isolate congressional Republicans who oppose parts of an immigration overhaul. Obama held separate private meetings at the White House on Tuesday with labor leaders and top business executives.

“This is all very encouraging to have labor and business come together to explore what could be some common ground,” said Janet Murguia, president of the National Council of La Raza, a leading immigration rights groups. Murguia and other immigration activists joined Obama’s meeting with labor groups.

Among the chief executives attending a separate meeting Tuesday at the White House were Qualcomm’s Paul Jacobs, Goldman Sachs Group’s Lloyd Blankfein and Marissa Mayer of Yahoo.

“The business community is not necessarily monolithic,” said Arne Sorenson, chief executive officer of Marriott International and another meeting attendee. “But I think there are many aspects of the business community where we see immigration reform as being positive for our economy.”

Despite optimistic public statements, the fragile business-labor alliance is still in question as the Chamber of Commerce meets with the AFL-CIO and other labor groups privately to hammer out details of how to deal with future immigrants who come to the U.S. to work.

The labor and business groups have been tasked by Sen. Charles Schumer, D-N.Y., with reaching a deal within weeks that can be included in legislation being crafted by a bipartisan Senate group, officials say.

The guest-worker issue helped scuttle the last attempt at a comprehensive overhaul of immigration law in 2007. If the parties can’t reach a deal, senators and their staffs are prepared to write temporary-worker language themselves, said a Senate aide, who spoke only on condition of anonymity because the aide was not authorized to discuss the private negotiations publicly.

The Senate negotiating group has included a guest-worker program in its immigration proposals, but Obama has not. That omission has drawn criticism from Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida, a key negotiator on the Republican side. Republicans view the omission as a cave-in to labor supporters, who see a substantial new guest-worker program as a possible threat to Americans who are seeking jobs.

White House officials say the president is open to a guest-worker program, so long as it protects workers and responds to workforce demands, not politics. That puts the White House in line with AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka, who said following his meeting with Obama on Tuesday that they discussed “a data-driven system that is actually driven by needs and not by aspirations of employers.”

Even if overhaul legislation makes it through the Senate, challenges remain in the Republican-controlled House.

The chairman of the House Judiciary Committee said Tuesday the nation’s immigration system is “in desperate need of repair” as he opened an overhaul hearing. But he also said there are many questions about how any large-scale legalization program would work, how much it would cost and how it would prevent illegal immigration in the future.

The chairman, Rep. Bob Goodlatte of Virginia, questioned whether another approach besides citizenship might be possible: “Are there options we should consider between the extremes of mass deportation and a pathway to citizenship for those not lawfully present in the United States?” he asked.

Obama has found himself at odds with both business and labor during his first term. Business leaders, in particular those representing Wall Street banks, recoiled at the president’s financial regulation law and his labeling of bankers as “fat cats.” Labor unions opposed Obama’s pursuit of free-trade agreements, as well as his decision to hold his party’s convention last summer in North Carolina, a right-to-work-state that makes it more difficult for unions to organize.

By bringing both factions together to support one of the president’s top second-term priorities, the White House sees an opportunity to pressure Republicans to back the president — and set the GOP up to carry the blame if the current negotiations fail.

Underscoring the risk for Republicans, House Majority Leader Eric Cantor, R-Va., on Tuesday embraced “an opportunity for legal residence and citizenship for those who were brought to this country as children and who know no other home.” It appeared to be a change for Cantor, who voted against DREAM Act legislation to allow a path to citizenship for certain immigrants brought here as youths.

The guest worker program addresses what’s called “future flow” — the influx of migrants to the U.S. that’s sure to come whether or not Congress passes an immigration bill.

If Congress does act to provide a pathway to citizenship for the estimated 11 million unauthorized immigrants now in the country, it’s just as important to deal with future immigration, advocates say. Otherwise, the country will again find itself home to many unauthorized immigrants. A major criticism of the 1986 immigration law signed by President Ronald Reagan, which offered legalization to some 3 million unauthorized immigrants, was that it did not deal with the issue of future immigration — allowing today’s problems to emerge.

In 2007, comprehensive immigration legislation foundered after an amendment was added to end a temporary worker program after five years, threatening a key priority of the business community.