Swine flu diagnosis test

Swine influenza (also called swine flu, hog flu, and pig flu) is an infection by any one of several types of swine influenza virus. Swine influenza virus (SIV) is any strain of the influenza family of viruses that is endemic in pigs.

Transcript of "Swine flu diagnosis test"

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SWINE FLU DIAGNOSIS TESTTable of ContentsTopic OverviewCauseSpread of DiseaseSymptomsIncubation PeriodHow Is Swine Flu DiagnosedHow Is It TreatedPrecautionWHAT IS SWINE FLU?Swine influenza (also called swine flu, hog flu, and pig flu) is an infection by any one of severaltypes of swine influenza virus. Swine influenza virus (SIV) is any strain of the influenza family ofviruses that is endemic in pigs. As of 2009, the known SIV strains include influenza C and thesubtypes of influenza A known as H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, and H2N3.Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. Transmission ofthe virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to humaninfluenza often resulting only in the production of antibodies in the blood. If transmissiondoes cause human influenza, it is called zoonotic swine flu. People with regularexposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu infection. The meat of an infectedanimal poses no risk of infection when properly cooked.Swine flu viruses have been reported to spread from person to person, and this is moredangerous aspect of this flu. That it is highly contagious strain.

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HOW IS IT CAUSED/SPREAD OF DISEASESwine Flu basically originated in swine or pigs, as SIV generally affects pigs. Human gotinfected by this virus by consuming infected pig meat or coming in direct contact withinfected swines. Mean it is transferred, when virus enters the body through eyes , noseor mouth. And then human to human transfer occurs. This human to human transfertakes place by coming in direct contact with infected person or sharing same clothesand other belongings with that person. Its mode of transfer is via air and virus particlestravel through air and thus making it more contagious.SYMPTOMS OF SWINE FLUThe symptoms of HIN1 flu virus (human swine flu) are very similar to those of seasonalhuman influenza. People with swine influenza may experience: Body aches Chills Cough Fatigue Fever Headache Loss of appetite Sore throatSome people with H1N1 flu virus have also reported vomiting and diarrhea.The severity of symptoms can vary from mild to severe and sometimes requirehospitalization. In some cases, severe complications such as pneumonia andrespiratory failure can cause death. Like the seasonal flu, swine flu may worsen existingchronic medical conditionsINCUBATION PERIODThe incubation period for swine flu (time between infection and appearance ofsymptoms) can be up to seven days, but is most likely to be between two and five days.It is, however, at this stage there is no certainty about the incubation period.

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HOW SWINE FLU IS DIAGNOSED?We have a specialized test for Swine flu Diagnosis Test. This test is recommended byNICD (National Institute Of Communicable Diseases)SAMPLE:Respiratory specimens including throat swab, and nasopharyngeal /nasal swabs aretaken from ambulatory patients..From incubated patients admitted in the ICU the sample is bronchoalveolar lavage ortracheal aspirates. Samples are transported in special viral transport medium which ispacked in such a way that there is no chance of contaminating the environment or itbeing a risk to those handling the box.METHOD:The methodology being used is real time detection and identification of the swine fluvirus using the protocol from CDC Atlanta (USA).The first step is RNA extraction of the virus. The target sequences are amplified and thedetection occurs simultaneously.The CDC realtime RT PCR (rRTPCR) protocol for the detection and characterization of SwineInfluenza includes a panel of oligonucleotide primers and dual labeled probes to be used in realtime RT PCR assays for the invitro qualtitative detection and characterization of swine influenzaviruses in respiratory specimens and viral cultures. The first primer probe set, Influenza A isdesigned for universal detection of type A influenza viruses. The swInfA primer and probe set isdesigned specifically to detect all swine influenza A viruses. The swH1 set is designedspecifically to detect swine H1 influenza. The fourth set detects the human Rnase P gene andreflects that the assay has been carried out properly without any inhibition of PCR.INTERPRETATIONA sample is said to be positive for Swine flu (H1N1) if all three targets i.e. Influenza A, H1N1Influenza A, and H1N1 Influenza A subtype H1 are detected. If a sample is positive for only two

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of the above targets a repeat sample is recommended.If all four targets are negative, a repeatsample should be done.Target InfA swInfA swH1 Rnase P InterpretationResult + + + + Positive Swine FluResult + + Repeat sampleResult + + + Repeat sampleResult + + + Repeat sampleResult + + Repeat sampleResult + + Repeat sampleResult Repeat sampleResult + NegativeA negative result does not preclude the presence of Influenza A H1N1 infection because resultsdepend on adequate specimen collection, absence of inhibitors, and sufficient RNA to bedetected.HOW SWINR FLU IS TREATED? Or SWINE FLU TESTING PROCEDUREAfter testing positive for swine flu , patient should immediately quarantined in an isolatedroom or in hospital . National institute of communicable disease(NICD) information says thatthe swine flu can be treated if caught very early with two of the anti viral medicationsoseltamivir (Tamiflu/Fluvir) and zanamivir (Relenza). Tamiflu is for treatment in adultsand children aged 1 year and older, and must be taken within 48 hours of the first symptom.

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Till now this strain of influenza virus is in a dynamic state means there is noconsistency( in scientific terms it keeps on mutating) in its level of occurrence becauseevidently in some patients its being treated successfully with Tamilflu and in sometamilflu is ineffective. And moreover at present there is no effective vaccine present.So basically precaution is the best treatment.PRECAUTIONAs the flu is now spreading via person to person contact; the infection primarily spreadswhen a person comes in close contact with an infected person. The simple way tominimize the risk is by covering the mouth and nose while coughing and sneezing andwearing a mask while going close to the infected person.Maintaining high level of hygiene is also important and one should always wash handsfrequently with soap and water.Since influenza spreads through both air and contact with contaminated surfaces,surface sanitizing may help prevent some infections. For that alcohol is an effectivesanitizer, bleach can also be used to sanitize rooms or equipment that have beenoccupied by patients with influenza symptoms.RELATED LINKSSWINE FLU DIAGNOSIS TESTSWINE FLU TESTING PROCEDURE IMAGE 1 STRUCTURAL VIEW OF H1N1 VIRUS {IMAGE SOURCE:WIKIPEDIA}