A longitudinal cohort study 4550 children at 6.6 yrs. of age whose physical activity, demographic characteristics and relevant covariates were documented at baseline and annually for 4 years was undertaken.

Organized sports and activity programs in early childhood result in smaller BMI increases during the adiposity rebound period of childhood

The PCL is the ligament that connects the femur to the tibia posteriorly, preventing the tibia from moving too far backward. It is infrequently injured as it requires a significant force to damage it. Treatment is often conservative.

In a study of 18 year old patients who either underwent conservative or operative treatment, follow up at 26.7 months showed that none of the patients treated conservatively had symptomatic instability and all returned to full play. Surgically managed patients had similarly good outcomes.

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Parental style/stress in children's health

Parent distress, both authoritative and permissive parenting styles, family income and mother's education all appear to be associated with children's health-behavior. The most important factor however, is parental 'warmth' Parents who exhibit this characteristic at higher levels achieve the best health-behaviors in their children.

220 children (128 girls, mean age 8.8 years) with RAP were studied utilizing the hydrogen breath test, following lactose and fructose ingestions. Elimination and provocation tests were also undertaken to establish the presence or absence of any causal relationship. Malabsorption of lactose was found in 27% and/or fructose in 65% of patients.

Neither lactose or fructose intolerance can be clearly identified in children with RAP. It appears that in some children extended elimination and provocation testing might be warranted if persistent clinical feelings of intolerance occur.

Resuscitation of the newborn with air or 100% oxygen?-Effect on Neurodevelopment

While a large number of studies exist reporting resuscitation of the newborn with air or 100% oxygen, few have documented neurodevelopmental follow up. Of 414 live children who had been resuscitated and for whom follow up was available, assessment revealed 12.8% of the "air resuscitation" and 10.5 "100% oxygen" resuscitation groups had abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes.

No clear evidence is available to document the relative neurodevelopmental "benefit" or "burden" of air vs. 100% oxygen resuscitation.