فَاخْتَلَفَ الْأَحْزَابُ مِنْ بَيْنِهِمِْ فَوَيْلٌ لِلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا مِنْ مَشْهَدِ يَوْمٍ عَظِيمٍ [ And yet, the parties (the Jews and Christians) have differed among themselves (about him). Woe, then, to those who disbelieve because of the meeting of an awesome Day. ]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 038

أَسْمِعْ بِهِمْ وَأَبْصِرْ يَوْمَ يَأْتُونَنَا لَكِنِ الظَّالِمُونَ الْيَوْمَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُبِينٍ [ (O' Prophet ﷺ), How clearly they will hear and see on the day when they will be brought into Our presence. Today the wrong doers are in manifest error. ]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 039

وَأَنْذِرْهُمْ يَوْمَ الْحَسْرَةِ إِذْ قُضِيَ الْأَمْرُ وَهُمْ فِي غَفْلَةٍ وَهُمْ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ [ And warn them (O' Prophet ﷺ) of the Day of Regret, when all matters will be settled, while they are (involved) in heedlessness and disbelief. ]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 040

إِنَّا نَحْنُ نَرِثُ الْأَرْضَ وَمَنْ عَلَيْهَا وَإِلَيْنَا يُرْجَعُونَ [ It is We Who will inherit the earth, and all beings therein: to Us will they all be returned. ]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 041

وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ صِدِّيقًا نَبِيًّا [ And mention about Ibrahim (عليه السلام) in the Book. He was indeed an honest and sincere person, a Prophet. ]

يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي قَدْ جَاءَنِي مِنَ الْعِلْمِ مَا لَمْ يَأْتِكَ فَاتَّبِعْنِي أَهْدِكَ صِرَاطًا سَوِيًّا [ O' my father! There has indeed come to me the knowledge (of truth) such as has never come to you, so follow me, and I will guide you to the straight path. ]

يَا أَبَتِ إِنِّي أَخَافُ أَنْ يَمَسَّكَ عَذَابٌ مِنَ الرَّحْمَنِ فَتَكُونَ لِلشَّيْطَانِ وَلِيًّا [ Father, I fear that a punishment from the Most Compassionate will afflict you so that you will be Satan's companion (in both the worlds).]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 046

قَالَ أَرَاغِبٌ أَنْتَ عَنْ آَلِهَتِي يَا إِبْرَاهِيمُ لَئِنْ لَمْ تَنْتَهِ لَأَرْجُمَنَّكَ وَاهْجُرْنِي مَلِيًّا [ His father said : 'Are you forsaking my gods, O' Ibrahim (عليه السلام)? If you do not desist, I will surely cause you to be stoned. Now get away from me for a long time!']

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 047

قَالَ سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكَ سَأَسْتَغْفِرُ لَكَ رَبِّي إِنَّهُ كَانَ بِي حَفِيًّا [ Ibrahim (عليه السلام) said: "Peace be on you : I will pray to my Lord for your forgiveness: for He is to me Most Gracious.]

It is reported that Hadhrat Ibrahim (عليه السلام) grew up under the guardianship of his uncle Azar, who was the younger brother of his father because his father, Tareq died when he was very young. He used to call him 'father'.

It is in Quran - أَمْ كُنتُمْ شُهَدَاءَ إِذْ حَضَرَ يَعْقُوبَ الْمَوْتُ إِذْ قَالَ لِبَنِيهِ مَا تَعْبُدُونَ مِن بَعْدِي قَالُوا نَعْبُدُ إِلَـٰهَكَ وَإِلَـٰهَ آبَائِكَ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْمَاعِيلَ وَإِسْحَاقَ إِلَـٰهًا وَاحِدًا وَنَحْنُ لَهُ مُسْلِمُونَ[Nay! were you witness when death visited Yaqoub (عليه السلام), when he said to his sons : What will you serve (worship) after me? They said : We will serve (worship) your God and the God of your fathers; Ibrahim (عليه السلام) and Ismail (عليه السلام) and Ishaq (عليه السلام); one God only, and to Him do we submit.] ( Al-Baqara - 133).

In the above verse, the sons of Yaqoub (عليه السلام) are referring to, both Ishaq (عليه السلام) and Ismail (عليه السلام), as fathers ( آبَائِكَ ). Ishaq (عليه السلام) is their grand father, and Ismail(عليه السلام) is the brother of Ishaq (عليه السلام). Thus, it is proved that the word (أبي) is used in Quran for both biological father, and brother of father.

It is in Quran -وَإِذْ قَالَ إِبْرَاهِيمُ لِأَبِيهِ آزَرَ أَتَتَّخِذُ أَصْنَامًا آلِهَةً ۖ إِنِّي أَرَاكَ وَقَوْمَكَ فِي ضَلَالٍ مُّبِينٍ [ And when Ibrahim (عليه السلام) said to his father, Azar : Do you take idols for gods? Surely I see you and your people in manifest error] (Al-Anaam - 74).

The literal meanings of this verse that comes to a reader's mind are : Ibrahim (عليه السلام) said to his father whose name was Azar. But as per the rules of laconic usage, descriptive linguistics and rhetoric, this is not a correct understanding because it is mentioned that"Ibrahim (عليه السلام) said to his father, Azar", which denotes different meanings.

Like, no one says, “My father, Husain, is coming". We only say "My father is coming".

If we talk of a relationship and a name at the same time, people will understand that there are more than one person associated with that relationship. If we have only one person associated with the relationship (like father), we will only say, “My father is coming".

Arabic word ( أبي ) is commonly used for (i) biological father, (ii) 'step father', and (iii) 'brother of father', and (iv) grandfather. If Azar was the biological father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام), it would have been enough to say, "He said to his father". But the Quranic verse emphasizes "Ibrahim (عليه السلام) said to his father, Azar". This shows that Azar was not the biological father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام).

It is in Quran -وَمَا كَانَ اسْتِغْفَارُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لِأَبِيهِ إِلَّا عَن مَّوْعِدَةٍ وَعَدَهَا إِيَّاهُ فَلَمَّا تَبَيَّنَ لَهُ أَنَّهُ عَدُوٌّ لِّلَّهِ تَبَرَّأَ مِنْهُ ۚ إِنَّ إِبْرَاهِيمَ لَأَوَّاهٌ حَلِيمٌ[ Ibrahim (عليه السلام) would not have asked forgiveness for his father but for a promise he made to him, and when it became clear to him that he was an enemy of Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ), he renounced him. Ibrahim (عليه السلام) was tender at heart and forbearing.] (At-Tawba -114).

Read the above verse carefully; it says 'Ibrahim (عليه السلام) would not have asked forgiveness for his father but for a promise he made to him'.

Remember, we do not pray for our parents because we make a promise to them. We do it as mandatory and obligatory on us. We might make a promise to our relatives that we will do dua for them in a specific issue. Thus, the verse shows the relationship of Ibrahim (عليه السلام) with Azar, was not that of son and biological father, rather it was the relationship between two relatives. He asked for forgiveness for (his uncle) Azar because he promised him once. But when Ibrahim (عليه السلام) realized that he was an Idol worshiper and the enemy of Allah (عَزَّ وَجَلَّ), he renounced him.

It is in Quran - رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ لِي وَلِوَالِدَيَّ وَلِلْمُؤْمِنِينَ يَوْمَ يَقُومُ الْحِسَابُ [O our Lord! grant me protection and my parents and the believers on the day when the reckoning shall come to pass! ] (Ibrahim - 41).

In the above verse, Ibrahim(عليه السلام) is praying for protection for himself, his both parents (who were Momineen) and general believers on the Day of Judgment. This Quranic verse shows Azar, who was an Idol worshiper, was not the father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام).

It is in Hadith -Anas Ibn Malik (رضئ اللہ تعالی عنہ) narrates that one day Prophet (صلى الله عليه و آله وسلم) stood on the pulpit and informed (sahabah) the names of his ancestors:

It is clear from the above Hadith that the father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام) was Tariq, a Momin; while his uncle Azar was an Idol worshiper.

Ibn Jarir al-Tabari in his Tafsir and History book has mentioned that - Azar was not the father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام).( History of Tabari, Vol. 1, Page 119. and Tafsir-e-Tabari by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Vol. 7, page 158).

Ibn Kathir has written in al-Bidaya wan Nihaya - Ibrahim (عليه السلام)was the son of Tariq. When Tareq was 75 years old, Ibrahim (عليه السلام) was born to him. (al-Bidaya wan Nihaya, vol 1, page 139)

Hadhrat Mohammad Abdul Qadeer Siddiqui (رحمتہ اللہ علیہ) has written in his Tafseer-e-Siddiqui of verse 47, Surah Maryam that Azar was the brother of the father of Ibrahim (عليه السلام). (Tafseer-e-Siddiqui)

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 048

وَأَعْتَزِلُكُمْ وَمَا تَدْعُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَأَدْعُو رَبِّي عَسَى أَلَّا أَكُونَ بِدُعَاءِ رَبِّي شَقِيًّا [ As I distance myself from you (all) and from whatever you invoke beside Allah, I will (keep on) calling my Lord, and trust that I will never be disappointed in invoking my Lord.']

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 049

وَفَلَمَّا اعْتَزَلَهُمْ وَمَا يَعْبُدُونَ مِنْ دُونِ اللَّهِ وَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَاقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ وَكُلًّا جَعَلْنَا نَبِيًّا [ So after he had left them and what they worshiped beside Allah, We bestowed him (son) Ishaq (عليه السلام) and (grandson) Yaqoob (عليه السلام) and made each of them a prophet.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 050

وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُمْ مِنْ رَحْمَتِنَا وَجَعَلْنَا لَهُمْ لِسَانَ صِدْقٍ عَلِيًّا [ And We bestowed on them Our Mercy, and We granted them honorable (praises) on the tongues of truthful (people).]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 051

وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ مُوسَى إِنَّهُ كَانَ مُخْلَصًا وَكَانَ رَسُولًا نَبِيًّا [ And mention in the Book about Musa (عليه السلام). He was truly a chosen one, and was a Apostle and Prophet.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 052

وَنَادَيْنَاهُ مِنْ جَانِبِ الطُّورِ الْأَيْمَنِ وَقَرَّبْنَاهُ نَجِيًّا [ We called him from the right side of Mount Ṭur (Sinai), and drew him near, speaking (with him) directly.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 053

وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ مِنْ رَحْمَتِنَا أَخَاهُ هَارُونَ نَبِيًّا [ And We bestowed upon him of Our mercy his brother Haroon (عليه السلام), a Prophet.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 054

وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِسْمَاعِيلَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ صَادِقَ الْوَعْدِ وَكَانَ رَسُولًا نَبِيًّا [ Also mention in the Book about Ismail (عليه السلام). He was true to what he promised, and he was an Apostle (and) a Prophet.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 055

وَكَانَ يَأْمُرُ أَهْلَهُ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَالزَّكَاةِ وَكَانَ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِ مَرْضِيًّا [ And he used to command his family to establish prayer, give Zakat, and his Lord was pleased (with him).]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 056

وَاذْكُرْ فِي الْكِتَابِ إِدْرِيسَ إِنَّهُ كَانَ صِدِّيقًا نَبِيًّا [ And mention in the Book about Idris (عليه السلام). He was indeed an honest and sincere person, a Prophet.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 057

وَرَفَعْنَاهُ مَكَانًا عَلِيًّا [ And We raised him to a lofty station (very high status).]

Idris (عليه السلام) was the third Prophet sent after Adam and Shiith (عليهم السلام).

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 058

أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ آَدَمَ وَمِمَّنْ حَمَلْنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْرَائِيلَ وَمِمَّنْ هَدَيْنَا وَاجْتَبَيْنَا إِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ آَيَاتُ الرَّحْمَنِ خَرُّوا سُجَّدًا وَبُكِيًّا [ Those were (some of) the prophets whom Allah has blessed from among the descendants of Adam (عليه السلام), and of those We carried with Nooh (عليه السلام) (in the Ark), and of the descendants of Ibrahim (عليه السلام) and Israel, and of those We (rightly) guided and chose. Whenever the revelations of the Most Compassionate were recited to them, they fell down, prostrating and weeping.]

The above is 'the verse of Sajda' (آیت سجدہ). If someone is reading it alone, should do prostration (سجدة) alone. If it is read loudly in an audience, the reciter and all the listeners should do 'Prostration of Recitation' (Sajda-e-Tilaawah - سجدة التلاوة) individually.

The Prostration can be done in sitting or standing position. In the Hanafi school of thought, 'Prostration of Recitation' (Sajda-e-Tilaawah - سجدة التلاوة) is obligatory (Fardh). With Shafii and Maliki, it is Sunnah.

It is in Hadith - 'When you have recited a verse requiring Sajdah-e-Tilaawaah, you should go down for Sajdah with Allahu-Akbar and rise from Sajdah with Allahu-Akbar, which may be performed sitting, though it is preferable to prostrate oneself from the standing position. (Abu Dawood)

Have the intention to do Prostration of recitation (سجدة التلاوة). The place where you are reading/reciting Quran should be clean. Turn your face towards Qibla, say (quietly) Allahu Akbar, go into prostration once, recite the 'Tasbih of Sajdah' 'Subhana Rabbi al-A'alaa' (سبحان ربّي الاعلى ) at least 3 times and raise from the Sajda saying Allahu Akbar.

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 059

فَخَلَفَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ خَلْفٌ أَضَاعُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَاتَّبَعُوا الشَّهَوَاتِ فَسَوْفَ يَلْقَوْنَ غَيًّا[ But they were followed by generations who neglected prayer and followed their lusts and so will soon face the evil consequences (of their actions in Hell).]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 060

إِلَّا مَنْ تَابَ وَآَمَنَ وَعَمِلَ صَالِحًا فَأُولَئِكَ يَدْخُلُونَ الْجَنَّةَ وَلَا يُظْلَمُونَ شَيْئًا[ Except those who repent and believe and do good work; they will be admitted to Paradise, and they will not be wronged in the least.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 061

جَنَّاتِ عَدْنٍ الَّتِي وَعَدَ الرَّحْمَنُ عِبَادَهُ بِالْغَيْبِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ وَعْدُهُ مَأْتِيًّا[ In the gardens of Eden promised by the Most Compassionate to His servants in the Unseen. Verily His promise will be fulfilled.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 062

لَا يَسْمَعُونَ فِيهَا لَغْوًا إِلَّا سَلَامًا وَلَهُمْ رِزْقُهُمْ فِيهَا بُكْرَةً وَعَشِيًّا[ They will not hear (in paradise) any vain talk, but only salutations of Peace. And they will have therein their provisions, morning and evening.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 063

تِلْكَ الْجَنَّةُ الَّتِي نُورِثُ مِنْ عِبَادِنَا مَنْ كَانَ تَقِيًّا[ Such is the Paradise which We give as an inheritance to those of Our servants who guard against Evil.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 064

وَمَا نَتَنَزَّلُ إِلَّا بِأَمْرِ رَبِّكَ لَهُ مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِينَا وَمَا خَلْفَنَا وَمَا بَيْنَ ذَلِكَ وَمَا كَانَ رَبُّكَ نَسِيًّا[ And (the angels say) We only descend by the command of your Lord. To Him belongs whatever is before us, and whatever is behind us, and everything in between. And your Lord is never forgetful.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 065

رَبُّ السَّمَوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فَاعْبُدْهُ وَاصْطَبِرْ لِعِبَادَتِهِ هَلْ تَعْلَمُ لَهُ سَمِيًّا[ (He is) The Lord of the heavens, and the earth, and everything in between. So worship Him and be steadfast in His worship. Do you know anyone equal to Him (in His names and attributes)?']

أَوَلَا يَذْكُرُ الْإِنْسَانُ أَنَّا خَلَقْنَاهُ مِنْ قَبْلُ وَلَمْ يَكُ شَيْئًا[ But does not (the disbelieving) man recall that We created him before out of nothing?]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 068

فَوَرَبِّكَ لَنَحْشُرَنَّهُمْ وَالشَّيَاطِينَ ثُمَّ لَنُحْضِرَنَّهُمْ حَوْلَ جَهَنَّمَ جِثِيًّا[ By your Lord (O Prophet ﷺ)! We will surely gather them along with the devils, and then set them around Hell on their knees.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 069

ثُمَّ لَنَنْزِعَنَّ مِنْ كُلِّ شِيعَةٍ أَيُّهُمْ أَشَدُّ عَلَى الرَّحْمَنِ عِتِيًّا[ Then, We will drag out from every sect the most stubborn in rebellion to (Allah) the Most Beneficent.]

Juz 16, Maryam, Verse 070

ثُمَّ لَنَحْنُ أَعْلَمُ بِالَّذِينَ هُمْ أَوْلَى بِهَا صِلِيًّا[ And certainly We know those who are most worthy of being burned therein.]