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Attitudes toward Nature:

Attitudes toward Nature New HER Process

Slide2:

What are the attitudes we have toward nature?:

What are the attitudes we have toward nature?

Dominant Social Paradigm (DSP):

Dominant Social Paradigm (DSP) Historically, the dominant attitude toward nature is that of:
Cornucopia
Endless Bounty
Growth is Good
Belief in Progress
Faith in Science andamp; Technology
Lots of Resources for Human Use

New Environmental Paradigm (NEP):

New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) Current concerns that the old paradigm hurts the environment, it is not endless bounty, growth should not be the driving force
The earth is like a spaceship
There are ecological limits
Must balance natural and human needs
Idea of Human Domination is challenged
Concerns over ecological catastrophe

Ecological Paradigms:

Ecological Paradigms There has been a dramatic social shift in ecological values

Typology of Environmental Values:

Typology of Environmental Values:

Typology of Environmental Values Symbolic: Use of nature for language and thought

How to these values relate to our population?:

How to these values relate to our population?

Ecological Value Variables: Gender:

Ecological Value Variables: Gender Women tend to agree with NEP values, especially if they have young children
Men agree more with DSP values

Ecological Value Variables: Education:

Ecological Value Variables: Education The higher the level of education, the more likely someone is to subscribe to NEP

Ecological Value Variables: Knowledge:

Ecological Value Variables: Knowledge The more knowledge one has, the more likely they are to carry NEP values

Ecological Value Variables: Personality:

Ecological Value Variables: Personality The more mature, well adjusted, stronger values, good social relationships, more social, more responsible someone is the more likely they are to subscribe to NEP

Ecological Value Variables: Age:

Ecological Value Variables: Age Young adults (18-30) favor NEP
Age 50 and over favor DSP

Value Origins - DSP:

Value Origins - DSP:

Value Origins - DSP Religion:
Judeo/Christian - Genesis, Fill the earth and subdue it rule over the fish and the sea and the birds of the air and over every living creature that moves on the ground, domination, anthropocentrism

Value Origins - NEP:

Value Origins - NEP:

Value Origins - NEP Policy:
United States the first country in the world to establish national parks

Value Origins - NEP:

Value Origins - NEP Activities:
most popular recreational activity in the US is gardening

Value Origins - NEP:

Value Origins - NEP Religion:
Stewardship
Reverence for life of all kinds
Feng Shui - balance, harmony, environmental elements
TAO and Buddhist focus on one with nature
Native American beliefs in Earth as our mother

Slide41:

Why is the planet in danger?:

Why is the planet in danger?

Why is the Environment in Danger?:

Why is the Environment in Danger?

Population:

Population

Population:

Population

Population:

Population Exponential population growth

Population:

Population 'Spaceship Earth' - is there a carrying capacity? (Malthus)
increases in population are good at first, but then begins to reduce resources
When humans are pressed, they solve with technology

Consumption / Lifestyle:

Consumption / Lifestyle The problem is not necessarily the number of people, but multiply those numbers by the pressure we put on the environment
America uses PILES more energy per person than any other country
Throw away society
Pollute
Use of resources (water, land, oil, etc) is huge in US

Promoting Change:

Promoting Change Experience in the Natural World
Level of experience in the natural world is correlated to positive ecological values and positive ecological action/activism

Attitudes do not equal Action:

Attitudes do not equal Action What is the link between ecological values and behavior?

Slide67:

Environmental Knowledge
ie. Fossil fuels produce CO2 in the atmosphere when burned.
Environmental Values
ie. all things, whether humans, animals, plants or stones have the right to exist.
Behavioral Intention
ie. I would prefer to drive only if absolutely necessary.

Links Between Attitudes & Behavior:

Knowledge:

Knowledge The best predictor of fertility rate = the education of women
Less babies with higher levels of education

Knowledge:

Knowledge Teenage Pregnancy Example

Control:

Control You can have the intention to carry something out, but do you have the control, are you able to do it?
Are contraceptives available?
Is there mass transit?

Control:

Control Teenage pregnancy is reduced when education and contraception (control) is available

Links Between Attitudes & Behavior:

Links Between Attitudes andamp; Behavior If you have the intention (knowledge andamp; values) and the ability (control), the behavioral correlation is very high Environmental
Knowledge Environmental
Values Behavioral
Intentions Ecological
Behavior Control

Links Between Attitudes & Behavior:

Links Between Attitudes andamp; Behavior Political Activism is high when you have the values and intention plus the belief that you can make a difference Environmental
Knowledge Environmental
Values Behavioral
Intentions Ecological
Behavior Control