Ending AIDS 'feasible' as HIV infections fall

An end to the worldwide AIDS epidemic is in sight, the United
Nations says, mainly due to better access to drugs that can
both treat and prevent the incurable human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) that causes the disease.

Progress over the past decade has cut the death toll and
helped stabilise the number of people infected with HIV, the
U.N. AIDS programme said in its annual report on Tuesday.

"The global community has embarked on an historic quest to
lay the foundation for the eventual end of the AIDS epidemic.
This effort is more than merely visionary. It is entirely
feasible," UNAIDS said.

Some 34 million people were living with HIV at the end of
2011, the report said. Deaths from AIDS fell to 1.7 million
in 2011, down from a peak of 2.3 million in 2005 and from 1.8
million in 2010.

Worldwide, the number of people newly infected with HIV,
which can be transmitted via blood and by semen during sex,
is also falling. At 2.5 million, the number of new infections
in 2011 was 20 percent lower than in 2001.

"Although AIDS remains one of the world's most serious health
challenges, global solidarity in the AIDS response during the
past decade continues to generate extraordinary health
gains," the report said.

It said this was due to "historic success" in bringing HIV
programmes to scale, combined with the emergence of new
combination drugs to prevent people from becoming HIV
infected and from dying from AIDS.

"The pace of progress is quickening - what used to take a
decade is now being achieved in 24 months," said Michel
Sidibé, executive director of UNAIDS. "We are scaling up
faster and smarter than ever before. It is the proof that
with political will and follow through we can reach our
shared goals."

Since 1995, AIDS drug treatment - known as antiretroviral
therapy - has saved 14 million life-years in poorer
countries, including 9 million in sub-Saharan Africa, the
report said.

Sub-Saharan Africa is the most severely affected region with
almost one in every 20 adults infected, nearly 25 times the
rate in Asia, there are also almost 5 million people with HIV
in south, southeast and east Asia combined.

Some 8 million people were being treated with AIDS drugs by
the end of 2011, a 20-fold increase since 2003. The United
Nations has set a target to raise that to 15 million people
by 2015.

"Scaling up HIV treatment to 15 million people ... is
feasible and has the crucial triple benefit of reducing
illness, reducing death, and reducing the risk of
transmission," said Manica Balasegaram of the charity
Medecins Sans Frontieres.

But he said the pace must be stepped up "so that every month
more people are started on life-saving HIV treatment than the
month before".

Scientific studies have shown that getting timely treatment
to those with HIV can also cut the number of people who
become newly infected with the virus.

UNAIDS said the sharpest declines in new HIV infections since
2001 were in the Caribbean and in sub-Saharan Africa - where
new infections were down 25 percent in a decade.

Despite this, sub-Saharan Africa still accounted for 71
percent of people newly infected in 2011, underscoring the
need to boost HIV prevention efforts in the region, UNAIDS
said. Of the 1.7 million AIDS-related deaths in 2011, 1.2
million were in sub-Saharan Africa.

HIV trends are also a concern in other regions, it said.

Since 2001, the number of new HIV infections in the Middle
East and North Africa was up more than 35 percent from 27,000
to 37,000, it said, and evidence suggests HIV infections in
Eastern Europe and Central Asia began increasing in the late
2000s after being relatively stable for several years.