Double Taxation Relief Manual

USA: Double taxation agreement, Exchange of Notes: Article 24

With reference to Article 24 (Relief from Double Taxation):

it is understood that, under paragraph 4 or 8 of Article 1 (General Scope), the provisions of the Convention may permit the Contracting State of which a person is a resident (or, in the case of the United States, a citizen), to tax an item of income, profit or gain derived through another person (the entity) which is fiscally transparent under the laws of either Contracting State, and may permit the other Contracting State to tax

(a) the same person;

(b) the entity; or

(c) a third person

with respect to that item. Under such circumstances, the tax paid or accrued by the entity shall be treated as if it were paid or accrued by the first-mentioned person for the purposes of determining the relief from double taxation to be allowed by the State of which that first-mentioned person is a resident (or, in the case of the United States, a citizen), except that, in the case of an item of income from real property to which paragraph 1 of Article 6 (Income from Real Property) of the Convention applies, or a gain from the alienation of real property to which paragraph 1 of Article 13 (Gains) applies, the tax paid or accrued by the person who is a resident of the Contracting State in which the real property is situated shall be treated as if it were paid or accrued by the person who is a resident of the other Contracting State.

In the case where the same item of income, profit or gain derived through a trust is treated by each Contracting State as derived by different persons resident in either State, and

(a) the person taxed by one State is the settlor or grantor of a trust; and

(b) the person taxed by the other State is a beneficiary of that trust,

the tax paid or accrued by the beneficiary shall be treated as if it were paid or accrued by the settlor or grantor for the purposes of determining the relief from double taxation to be allowed by the State of which that settlor or grantor is a resident (or, in the case of the United States, a citizen), except that, in the case of an item of income from real property to which paragraph 1 of Article 6 (Income from Real Property) of the Convention applies, or a gain from the alienation of real property to which paragraph 1 of Article 13 (Gains) applies, the tax paid or accrued by the person who is a resident of the Contracting State in which the real property is situated shall be treated as if it were paid or accrued by the person who is a resident of the other Contracting State.

It is further understood that paragraphs 2 and 5 of Article 24 shall apply to such an item of income, profit or gain to the extent necessary to provide relief from double taxation.

With reference to paragraphs 1 and 4 of Article 24 (Relief from Double Taxation):

it is understood that, if a resident of a Contracting State receives a dividend that is described in sub-paragraph b) of paragraph 1 or sub-paragraph b) of paragraph 4 of Article 24, such dividend will be deemed to be income from sources in the other Contracting State, even if it may be taxed only in the first-mentioned Contracting State because of sub-paragraph a) of paragraph 3 of Article 10 (Dividends).

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