The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a biofilter system to treat hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) contaminated air and to characterize its microbial community. The biofilter system was packed with peat. During the experimental work, the peat was divided in three layers (down, middle, and up). Satisfactory removal efficiencies of H(2)S were proved and reached 99% for the majority of the run time at an empty bed retention time (EBRT) of 60s. The polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method was used to uncover the changes in the microbial community between the different layers. Analysis of SSCP profiles demonstrated significant differences in community structure from a layer to another with a strong decrease in species diversity towards the up layer. It was found that the used support was suitable for microorganism growth, and may have a potential application in H(2)S biofiltration system.