Letís say two reserachers are locked up in 2 separate rooms provided with the same training set. One smart researcher (A) learnt about neural network and SVM, the other B only know about neural network. Letís say the ultimate truth is, neural network is the best model for this particular learning problem and both research A and B submitted the same neural network model.

B happen to have a smaller VC dimension than A as B has a smaller hypothesis test, but both end up choosing the same neural network model as a result.

It looks paradoxical that the less educated researcher B submitted a better model (less VC dimension and requires less number of sample).
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Another scenario is that a researcher C had developed a great algorithm to solve a particular learning problem. Later years, countless number of researchers had tried different models but all failed to improve the learning performance. Now the learning problem has grown its VC dimension over time as the total hypothesis space increase. Practically as time pass, the hypothesis will grow to infinity. These all sound paradoxical.

It looks paradoxical that the less educated researcher B submitted a better model (less VC dimension and requires less number of sample).

B's model cannot be better, because A and B used the same model.

If you mean B happened to choose a simpler network than A did (e.g. less layers), then since A is more educated clearly he would know how to put weights regularization, dropout,... to avoid overfitting.
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Quote:

Originally Posted by PCdimension

Later years, countless number of researchers had tried different models but all failed to improve the learning performance.

On which ground could we assume that countless other models failed while C's model is sub-optimal?

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