Thirty years ago, China’s aviation industry was centrally owned, controlled and coordinated. Growth rates were low, safety standards were poor and service standards were basic. The opening of the Chinese economy in the late 1970s and early 1980s prompted some big changes in the air, with the arrival of provincially based (but still centrally owned) carriers, while the 1990s saw an explosion in new entry. Several of the more ambitious provincial governments established their own carriers, and traffic (and airline losses) took off.

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