alcohol oxidoreductases

Summary

Summary: A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).

..Our findings suggest that the induction of condensed tannins, compounds known to be important for defense against herbivores, is mediated by increased expression of DFR and other phenylpropanoid genes...

..The active control of chromatin marks, DNA accessibility and gene expression at the BRCA1 promoter by this 'metabolic switch' provides an important molecular link between caloric intake and tumor suppressor expression in mammary cells...

CtBP, an unconventional transcriptional corepressor in development and oncogenesis

..CtBPs play important roles during development and oncogenesis. In this review, their unusual properties, the mechanisms of transcriptional repression, regulation, and their biological functions are discussed...

..Together, these results suggest that the process of reducing furfural by using an enzyme with a low K(m) for NADPH rather than a direct inhibitory action is the primary cause for growth inhibition by low concentrations of furfural...

..g., aflatoxin, endogenous toxicants, and those formed from the breakdown of lipid peroxides. AKRs are stress-regulated genes and play a central role in the cellular response to osmotic, electrophilic, and oxidative stress...

..Functional interactions between CtBP and Pygopus, a nuclear protein required for Wingless signalling, support a model where monomeric CtBP acts downstream of Pygopus in activating some Wingless targets...

..Thus, in contrast with cellulose synthesis, whose alteration leads to an increase in disease resistance, alteration of the cell wall lignin content leads directly or indirectly to defects in some defence components...

..These results suggest that OsCAD2 is largely responsible for monolignol biosynthesis in rice, which is similar to that indicated for the predominant role of other plant bona fide CAD protein to monolignol biosynthesis...

..To our knowledge, this is the highest reported yield and productivity efficiency of 1,3-PD with glycerol as the sole source of carbon. Furthermore, the overall fermentation time was only 40 h, shorter than that of any other reports...

Differential spatial expression and subcellular localization of CtBP family members in rodent brain

..These enzymes contain a canonical ADP-binding beta alpha beta-fold close to their amino termini as found in other flavoenzymes. This domain is encoded by a single exon of the D. melanogaster glucose dehydrogenase gene...

Structural and functional analysis of A-type ketoreductases from the amphotericin modular polyketide synthase

Jianting ZhengDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712 0165, USAStructure 18:913-22. 2010

..Together, these results highlight the possibility of region-specific modification of polyketides through active site engineering of KRs...

Properties of short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase RalR1: characterization of purified enzyme, its orientation in the microsomal membrane, and distribution in human tissues and cell lines

..These differences include His-57, which is unique to Bmr6 and other grass CADs. In summary, Bmr6 encodes the major CAD protein involved in lignin synthesis in sorghum, and the bmr6 mutant is a null allele...

Down-regulation of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and the effect on lignin composition and digestibility

..These studies show that C4 photosynthesis in maize is dependent on photorespiration throughout seedling development and support the view that the carbon oxidation pathway evolved to prevent accumulation of toxic glycolate...

..BEN1 is involved in endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins and localizes to early endocytic compartments distinct from GNOM-positive endosomes. Our results identify BEN1 as the ARF GEF mediating early endosomal traffic...

..Ectopic expression of a combination of the transcription factors MYB, bHLH, and WDR showed that only the DFR2 promoter was activated, indicating that each member of the DFR gene family is regulated independently...

..In addition to the Ca(2+) in the active-site cavity found also in methanol dehydrogenase, ethanol dehydrogenase contains a second Ca(2+)-binding site at the N terminus, which contributes to the stability of the native enzyme...

ZEB represses transcription through interaction with the corepressor CtBP

A A PostigoDivision of Molecular Oncology, Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USAProc Natl Acad Sci U S A 96:6683-8. 1999

..Finally, we demonstrate that the interaction of CtBP with ZEB at the promoter is necessary for repressor activity...

Functional analysis of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase involved in lignin biosynthesis in wheat

..These properties were correlated to the lignin contents and lodging indices of the two cultivars. These data suggest that TaCAD1 is the predominant CAD in wheat stem for lignin biosynthesis and is critical for lodging resistance...

..Our results define a unique component of synaptic ribbons and suggest that RIBEYE evolved in vertebrates under utilization of a preexisting protein to build a unique scaffold for a specialized synapse...

An alcohol oxidase biosensor using PNR redox mediator at carbon film electrodes

..The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of cone dysfunction and to determine the cause of the reduced full-field cone ERGs in patients with FA and whether the rod system is affected in patients with FA...

..Determination of the kinetic properties of the purified enzyme showed a conversion capacity for both formaldehyde and methanol. The results suggest that XoxF is involved in one-carbon metabolism in M. extorquens AM1...

[Clinical and genetic findings in a patient with fundus albipunctatus]

..Its accumulation is toxic to the mammalian brain, causing a leukoencephalopathy and increasing the susceptibility to develop tumours. L: -2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria appears to be the first disease of 'metabolite repair'...

..The behavior of dark-adapted ERG responses in FA displays characteristics that differ from those of RPA patients, which may be useful to differentiate functionally these two conditions at their common albipunctate stages...

..pastoris, the AOX amino acid sequences did not contain a peptide sequence similar to the peroxisomal transport sequence found at the C-terminus of some peroxisomally located proteins in higher eukaryotes...

Research Grants62

..The body of knowledge gathered from the proposed research will contribute to the development of anticancer therapy that can be individualized by identifying the genetic determinants of variable CBR activity. ..

..coli host will be used as whole cell catalyst to demonstrate the commercial potential of this strain by producing a 100 g of (S)-ethyl 4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate, a key intermediate for anti-cholesterol drug Lipitor. ..

..The mentor's laboratory and institution are rich in intellectual and physical resources that provide an excellent environment for facilitating the principal investigator's transition to independent scientist. ..

..Accordingly, support is requested for the completion of this novel approach for the treatment of HCV+ patients who become abstinent or who continue to consume alcohol moderately. [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..The results of this research will lead to the formulation of hypotheses about the underlying molecular events in these diseases and may evolve into recommendations for treatment paradigms in these blinding retinal degenerations. ..

..Trained personnel of the core facility will run and maintain all equipment to ensure optimal quality and speed. These personnel will also provide ongoing technical support to all users of this equipment. ..

..Successful completion of these studies would make transgenic chloroplasts ideal bioreactors for the production of safe and less expensive therapeutic proteins and open the door for in depth studies of membrane proteins. ..

..P. pastoris strains deleted for each strain will be constructed and examined biochemically and morphologically for peroxisome function to identify new PEX genes and to define their role in peroxisome biogenesis. ..

..By understanding why the disease progresses at different rates in patients with the same genetic abnormality, it may then be possible to devise strategies to slow down or prevent the clinical consequences of the disease. ..

..A GRHPR knockout mouse that exhibits hyperoxaluria will be useful for the future development of novel therapeutic strategies for PH2 and for elucidating the tissue source(s) of oxalate in PH2 patients. ..

..The long-term goals of this project are to elucidate the mechanisms by which RPE65 defects contribute to retinal degeneration, and to lay the groundwork for the development of therapeutic approaches to the disease. ..

..The studies in this proposal could uncover the molecular basis of UncPH, develop new screening tools for PH, and elucidate basic mechanisms that dictate the intracellular targeting of GRHPR. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..Finally, the results may also provide a foundation for the rational design of novel therapeutic approaches for prevention and treatment of cancer and musculoskeletal diseases. [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..We anticipate that this project will generate novel knowledge about the mechanism of Vpr induced cytoskeletal/functional changes in endothelial cells that can benefit the designing of therapeutic strategies. ..

..Proof of the successful prediction of the structures of 20-30 hypothetical members of the SCOR proteome could provide a model for the prediction of protein folding on the basis of as little as 20% sequence homology. ..