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Additional info for 50 Mixed-Ability Grammar Lessons (Timesaver S.)

Sample text

Another piece of evidence that may be cited in this connection comes from Dawawa, in which the honorific system is based on negation. In Dawawa, all utterances addressed to social superiors are negatives. ’ But the same utterance to a social peer will be understood as ‘John is not a fool’ (M. Knauber, personal communication). . A few years ago, the Cookie Monster in the Dutch version of Sesame Street illustrated the use of the quantifiers all, some and no very lucidly. ’ . Brown (: ) uses the function c/mX to define statements that apply to sets and masses (in Brown’s terminology, discrete and continuous sets, respectively).

The Number column gives the number of times a type occurs and the Percent column the percentage of the total for the figure in the Number column. Notice that the figures in the Number column add up to , while the sample contains only  languages. This is due to the fact that some languages use more than one type of term negation – for that reason the percentages add up to more than %. Table .  The actual distribution of the term negation types per language is given in Table . The five types are in the columns:  stands for type ,  for type , etc.

To see that this problem does not arise in my analysis, consider the underlying representation of (): () Decl E: X: Past  e: comprareV (I)Ag (øxi: inanimate)Go There is only one negative in this structure, namely the  operator, which will be expressed as non. Thus, that () is a negative sentence follows quite naturally from the fact that niente is analyzed as a zero quantified term. Labov (), describing English sentences such as I ain’t got nothing, proposed a negative concord rule, which copies the negative features of the negative operator onto the indefinite.