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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~April,
~~~AFULL APRIL STREAMl
l
OPEN LETTER...
War time is a time when the fullest information is of the
greatest value. It is a time when each man should have
the latest information available about his own industry.
This magazine is at the service of the growers in this respect.
Again we urge growers to take greater advantage of our
columns. We would like to receive communications from
the cranberry growers upon any topic relating to the cranberry
industry in which they are interested.
A grower's views upon varying aspects as he sees them are
interesting to other growers. Other growers may have
different thoughts upon these matters. By pooling information
the general fund of common cranberry knowledge may
be increased.
We urge growers to make this magazine a forum of information.
We would like to have your views upon some
problem which may interest you at the moment. Somebody
else might have just the answer.
We urge correspondence from the growers.
Our columns are also open for advertising messages.
As one means of aiding yourself, your fellow grower and
so the industry as a whole, and so back to yourself again,
we suggest greater use of this publication as a common
forum in this grim period of war.
"LET US STRIVE TO FINISH
THE WORK WE ARE IN"
- ABRAHAM LINCOLN
"Let us strive to finish the work we are in," said Abraham
Lincoln during the Civil War, when the life of the Nation as it had
existed since its inception was at stake. The life of our United States,
and the ideals of Democracy all over the world are at stake today.
Our enemies in this year of 1942 are powerful and relentless
and they would over-run the whole world. The work we are in is to
defeat these hordes. The cranberry grower of Cape Cod, New Jersey,
Wisconsin, Oregon, Washington and Nova Scotia is striving side by
side with the sheep raiser of Australia, striving to finish this work.
Some of those who have been engaged in the growing of cranberries
and some of those in the production of Australian wool, will strive to
finish the work by the actual bearing of arms. Others will strive to
finish the work by producing for the vast war-time needs of the United
Nations. Work buys U. S. Bonds and pays taxes.
Every one of us must strive in a useful way to finish this work
we are in. The issue is clear cut, if we have in mind at all times simply,
"to work for victory." "Let us strive to finish the work we are in."
A. D. MAKEPEACE CO.
WAREHAM, MASS.
Washington Growers Join East; growing-we love it-it is part of
our very existence"
The writer of this adds that
Oregon, in production is "only a
rayland yAssociation IBecomes Oeodrop in the bucket," but that kind
Mi b A _CfIbe /^ L ^of
Member Ot Cran erry Canners
Association, With Some II-
waco and Long Beach
Section Growers, Make Up
About 75% of West Coast
Crop-Will Can at Mark-
ham Under Ocean Spray
Label.
Cranberry Canners, Inc., of
South Hanson, Massachusetts, has
completed the extension of its co-
operative organization completely
across the country, as the Grayland
Cranberry Growers' Association of
Grayland, Washington, has voted
to join Cranberry Canners. This
action was taken by the Grayland
growers at a stockholders' meet-
ing, Sunday, March 22, and places
the Grayland group of 142 growers
within the canning cooperative.
This will make the fifth canning
outlet operated by Cranberry Can-
ners, Inc., the others being the
main plant at South Hanson, On-
set, Mass., New Egypt, New
Jersey, and the one completed last
year in North Chicago, Illinois, to
care for the Wisconsin growers.
This step brings into cooperative
marketing a part of the West
Coast, the only remaining cran-
berry-producing area which has
hithertofore sold its crops inde-
pendently.
Cranberry Canners is to estab-
lish a Pacific branch at Markham,
where the Grayland association
last year opened a cannery of its
own. Facilities will be expanded,
warehouse space will be enlarged,
and a cold storage plant may be
built. It is expected to pack about
a quarter of a million cases of
cranberries there next fall. Some
Massachusetts cranberries will be
sent to the coast to blend with
these West Coast cranberries in
order to produce a uniform canned
product. These cranberries canned
at the Markham plant will be
marketed under the familiar Ocean
Spray label.
Cranberries on the Pacific coast,
although grown mostly from East-
Two
ern vines, are darker in color than
Massachusetts cranberries, have
thinner skins and a milder flavor.
Shareholders in the Grayland
cannery are to be given stock in
the national cooperative, it is said.
Although the Grayland Growers'
Association will no longer market
berries, it will continue to serve in
all other capacities.
Some growers of Ilwaco and
Long Beach in southern Washing-
ton have also joined with Cran-
berry Canners in addition to the
Grayland group, and it is estimated
that a total of 75 percent of the
entire Pacific crop will now be
marketed through Cranberry Can-
ners, Cranberry Canners announc-
es. The Pacific Coast prodcction
last year has been estimated as
about 55,000 barrels, of which
Washington produced about three-
quarters and Oregon the remainder.
Thousands of acres of cranberry
land are available in Oregon and
Washington for cranberry develop-
ment, and cranberry acreage in
that section was increasing rapid-
ly in the last few years, and a good
deal more acreage will shortly be
in bearing.
West Coast Has
Highest Average
Yields Per Acre
Charles Dexter McFarlin, a
Native of Carver, Mass.,
Settling in Oregon, Was
First Cranberry Grower.
With Oregon and Washington
assuming a growing importance,
although still relatively small, in
the total cranberry production of
the country, the spirit of the west-
ern growers as expressed by one
is of Oregon apropo.
"I do believe we of the West
Coast can match the Easterners
for our enthusiasm for cranberry
enthusiasm is now causing the
crop of the West Coast to cause
quite a splash in the bucket of the
cranberry industry
Cranberry growing began in
Oregon in Clatsop County, which
is at the mouth of the Columbia
River, just across that mighty
waterway from Pacific County,
Washington, which produces Washington
cranberries.
There were about 100 acres in
Clatsop, but in thy past 25 years
or more, especially the past 15,
the marshes there have not been
so good in production and at the
present time there are between
fifty and sixty acres contributing
to Oregon's production. The largest
in that county is that of Mrs.
Dellinger, who has about 30 acres.
Clatsop last year produced roughly
2,500 barrels of Oregon's 10,000
barrels.
Coos County, which is now the
great producing county, is on the
coast in the southern part of
Oregon.
Most of the cranberry bogs in
Washington in the Grayland section
and at Long Beach and IIwaco
are located within a mile or
so of the ocean. The bogs near
Grayland, which is a center of production,
are owned and operated,
as are many bogs now in Carver
and elsewhere in Massachusetts by
people of Finnish extraction.
Many of these present growers
were formerly fishermen from
Gray's Harbor. The West Coast
here is misty, alleviating severe
frosts a good deal.
Growers live in modernly-
equipped houses. Being Finnish
people, a common sight is a small
building housing the inevitable
steam bath, a bath house not unknown
by any means in Carver
and on Cape Cod in Finnish communities
there.
In 1940, the Washington production
was 25,200 barrels (USDA
figure), compared to about 40,000
this year, and the ten -year
average, 1930-1939, was 12,480.
Washington's acreage has been set
(Continued on Page 7)
CRANBERRY
II0NAL\on
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Jersey Passes New Jersey, the
School Bill To "Garden State,"
Help Relieve producing such
Labor Scarcity great quantities
of foodstuffs,
ag n wf i
d it it get eese
work industries is taking steps to
relieve the acute agricultural labor
shortage which is building up
there. Summer weeding and get-
ting the crop picked next fall were
about the worst worries of the
growers. It is now expected, how-
ever, that schools will open late,
possibly by two or three weeks, and
that the minimum age for work-
ers during the summer will be
reduced. The e legislature
has just passed the Hendrickson
passed endrison
ha us e
Child Labor bill, under a suspen-
Child Labor bill, under a suspen-
onof rues and it hs been sie
by the governor. This bill makes
it possible for high school pupils
over 14 years of age to work on
farms up to 15 days per school
year, in lieu of schoolroom studies.
This measure is in addition to the
late opening.
This will add to the potential
labor supply for spring and har-
vesting work. It permits schools
Suggest Change The idea of
Of Wareham making some
High School sort of work-
Hours ing arrange-
ment, which
would permit High school pupils
to alleviate picking shortages in
and around Wareham was men-
tioned in the annual report of the
Wareham, Mass., superintendent of
schools. "The cranberry crop
means much to the town and the
expected labor situation may be
met in part, at least," he wrote,
"by rearranging the hours of
opening the schools during the
picking season, especially in the
case of the high school. The town
must maintain heehigh school 180
days each school year or be penal-
ized approximately $10,000. For
that reason, it is impossible to
shorten the school year. It is
possible, however, to start the
high school earlier in the morning
and to close at a little before noon
during the picking season of Sep-
tember and October, so as to free
the high school pupils for after-
noon employment on the bogs."
The foregoing was merely offered
as a suggestion by the Wareham
superintendent of schools, but it
to be closed in extreme cases. Theshows that the grievous effect of
bill has been called as "flexible as
a buggy whip," and has the en-
dorsement of school authorities,
labor officials and the National
Child Labor committee. Prepara-
tion of this bill was sponsored by
the Farm Bureau Labor Commit-
tee, the Grange and other organ-
izations, and it has the support of
many county boards of agriculture.
The passage of this measure
should prove of material help in
the extreme case of agricultural
labor shortage which exists in New
Jersey.
avg the canb
on the vines would have in the
cranberry-growing communities
cranberry -growing communities,
is being recognized.
Years ago schools on the Cape
were opened later, or were closed
during the picking season to enable
the children to take part in the har-
vest and to add to the winter sup-
ply of family cash.
Labor Shortage Otherwise on
Daily Grows the labor front
More Apparent all over the
cranberry lines
there is little else' to report-ex-
By C.J.H.
cept that the difficulty of obtaining
adequate help for spring and summer
work, and particularly for the
fall picking, becomes more apparent
daily. Large growers are losing
depended -upon employees
through the draft, through these
men volunteering for some form of
service, and through their obtain
ing defense work at wages with
which the agriculturalists cannot
compete. Little constructive effort
can apparently be made so early,
but it becomes apparent that the
situation will have to be met in
some fashion, certainly in regard
to harvest. For weed control,
growers can, and probably will, go
in more for chemical control, rather
than hand weeding, even than
formerly, although before this
kerosene spraying for certain
grasses and weeds was increasing.
Water In Mass. Massachusetts
But 'Too Late" bogs, after a
For Winter w i n t e r of
Protection scanty floodings
in many
instances are now probably as well
covered by water as usual, but
there is certainly reason to believe
that this water came "too late," if
not too little, to prevent considerable
winter kill. There has been
a good deal of winter kill on some
bogs, which were unprotected
against some very cold winds in
February. There were heavy rains
on March 14 and 15 in Southeastern
Massachusetts, although this
"rain" was snow in the Middlesex
County bog section. Rain has
fallen since then, so that at the
present writing bog waters are up,
at least on a great majority of the
bogs.
(Continued on Page 6)
Three
... the Time Has Come To Consider' C
The Commercial Beach Plum Plantation"
Says, Mrs. Ina S. Snow of North Truro, Cape Cod, After
Studying This Asset of Massachusetts and New Jersey
An Asset Which May Be Developed as the Cran-
berry Was.
*--~If
CLARENCE
Every achievement must of
necessity be led up to by the hesi-
tant, uncertain steps of pioneers
who grope their way determinedly
ahead, and now it seems a new
small agricultural industry is on
the thhreshold of accomplishment.
This is the commercial cultivation
of the beach plum. In bringing
this about Mrs. Ina S. Snow of
aSSnow
North Truro, way down near the
tip of the Cape, has played a stead-
fast part.
About a century and a quarter
ago cranberry cultivation was be-
gun in just this way on the Cape.
The blueberry has been cultivated
only since 1916. The wild beach
plum, growing along the Atlantic
coast, from Virginia to New Bruns-
wick, and with particular success
on Cape Cod and in New Jersey,
was picked as were the wild cran-
berries and wild blueberries by the
earliest of settlers in America.
From the native cranberry and
from the native blueberry have
come sizeable agricultural indus-
tries. So now, seemingly, the
wild beach plum (Prunus Mari-
time) will be developed into a cul-
tivated marketable crop from its
long existing state as a prized but
undeveloped native asset.
"In searching out early records
of the beach plum," Mrs. Snow
not long ago told members of the
Provincetown Research Club, "I
have found very little mention of
it (the beach plum) in print."
Since the interest shown by Mrs.
Snow and a few others, this is
rapidly ceasing to be the case, as
within the past three or four
years a good deal has been written
about the beach plum. Her own
interest in the beach plum has
been one of the major factors in
bringing this about,
about Mrs of
__~__________
J. HALL
Beach Plums Valued in 1600's
"From family history, I learned
when I was a child what my grand-
mother had to tell of how her
grandmother used to put down pre-
serves in stone crocks for winter
use, and that ought to go back
somewhere near to Revolutionary
times, when this great-great-great-
grandmother of mine must have
learned her cooking lessons of her
mother," she says. But Mrs. Snow
has learned that recorded know-
ledge of the beach plum goes
back further than that. A deed of
land to Sandy Hook in New Jersey,
now owned by the Federal govern-
ment and dating from the 1600's,
carries with it the right of any In-
dian to gather beach plums there
The Indians thought enough of this
native plum to retain this right,
even that early.
Mrs. Snow is regarded frequently
as the pioneer in beach plum cul-
tivation, and last year was award-
ed the first Vino T. Johnson prize
of $50, offered as the result of a
gift of $5,000 to the Arnold Ar-
boretum of Boston by James R.
Jewett of Cambridge, Mass., to
encourage development of the
beach plum. She seems to have
been the first on the Cape, at least
in recent times, to become greatly
interested in the possibilities of
cultivation inherent in the native
beach plum and her observations
of it go back about twenty years.
She finds in her research, how-
ever that an issue of "The Ameri-
can Agriculturalist" of November
1872 has an article about the beach
plum, describing it very much as
it is known today, telling of the
preserves the inhabitants of the
seashore towns make of it, of the
beauty of the blossoms and fruit,
and that it was seen in markets of
seashore towns.
"IfaGood Variety-"
"And," she says, "the 'American
Agriculturalist' adds this significant
statement, 'an we are surprised
that no attempts have been
made to improve it by cultivation.
a good variety could be produced
.' This was in 1872. And
now again in 1941 we repeat with
the 'American Agriculturalist', 'If
a really good variety could be produced-'
and we say it longingly,
but now with hope also, for a start
is being made."
Continuing the history: "In 1880,
a Mr. Bassett of New Jersey cid
some work along this line and distributed
some grafted stock under
the name of 'Bassett's American'.
But since then no constructive work
was done in propagation until
1935 or '36, except, of course, the
growing of plants from seed for
seashore planting in New Jersey,
to hold sandy lands, and on the
Cape for land-scaping."
Mrs. Snow Began i 1924
A task, Mrs. Snow has set herself
to is finding this "good
variety". Since 1924 she has kept
records of wild plants on her 55are
property at North Truro.
Mrs. Snow, although born in
Boston, is of old Outer-Cape Cod
stock and is a former Provincetown
resident. In 1924 she decided to
make her home in adjacent North
Truro. Since then she has lived
at "Arrowhead" farm which is in
that sandy, high, often wind
swept section of Truro, where the
great beam of Highland Light
pierces the sky at night. Arrow
head farm, though sandy, is excel
lent for many crops, and the beach
plum is scattered by Nature all
over its area. Mrs. Snow has an ex
tensive poultry business just now,
owning about 500 hens, and also
has built up a considerable pre
serving business. Beach plums
specialized, of course.
She finds a ready demand for
this beach plum jelly, for the beach
plums themselves (the raw fruit)
she has sold cuttings and even a
few of the pits for cultivating pur
poses.
(To be continued)
Vol. 6 No. 12
VEGETABLE LIFE UNAWARE OF PUBLISHED MONTHLY
HITLER at the
WAREHAM COURIER OFFICE,
SPRING has officially arrived. While WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, U. S. A
it is a spring of bitter, world-wide war Editor and Publisher
to mankind, to vegetable life it is just CLARENCE J. HALL
another time to take on new growth.
Potatoes will feel this urge of the warm-LEMUEL C. HALL
ing weather and the cranberry winter Associate Editor
buds will swell and blossom just as usual,
as if mankind was not locked inl a death Subscription $2.00 per year
grapple to see if oppression, or the right Advertising rates upon application
of self government shall win. CORRESPONDENS-AVISORS
Fortunate are the growers of potatoes
and the growers of cranberries that they New Jersey
have the privilege of assisting potatoes CHARLES S. BECKWITH
and cranberries to grow to provide stamina State Cranberry Specialist
for the forces of democracy. Contributing Pemberton, N. J.
greatly to the "vim, vigor and victory," Wisconsin
campaign can be the cranberry growers,
for the health-giving ingredients in cran-VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
berries are now well recognized. Cran-Wisconsin Rapids, isconsin
berries are no longer a luxury, but a great
American tonic, rich in iron, iodine, vita-Washington-Oregon
mins and mineral salts. Health-conscious J. D. CROWLEY
people will not eliminate cranberries from Cranberry Specialist
*^~ *^~~ . ,.,. ~~~Long Beach, Wash.
their diet this year. Log B ,
This spring the cranberry grower, E BdoTL M. on
along with other agriculturalists, should B ,
value his freedom and the right to work Massachusetts
in a free land. America is fortunate in
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
that the agriculturalist is thinking DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
a man. State Cranberry Experiment Station
thatthinkingman.theagriculturalistis aDirector Mass.
Now that spring is here the cranberry East Wareham, Mass.
grower can get to work in the "Food for BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Victory Program." Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
WHAT CAN I DO ?
if you need agricultural labor, are you in
THE things everyone can do to help end touch with your local board? Also, every
the war victoriously are almost num-man, woman and child of good health is
berless. Most of us beyond question are needed to help in full-time, part-time, or
doing a good deal, as it is, but yet some-short-day work. You can "cut a cord of
how most of us would like to do a little wood for victory." Remember there is a
more if we knew just what is helpful. A fuel shortage. There may not be enough
"List of War Time Duties", has been out-anti-freeze next winter. When you drain
lined by J. T. Brown, Plymouth County at the end of cold weather, save this, your
(Mass.) Agricultural Agent, but it applies car in service helps. Finally, have you
to everybody in every county. Mr. Brown given thought as to how much you can
stresses that more scrap iron is needed sign up for in the nation-wide pledge
immediately -have you any laying campaign for the purchase of Savings
around? Cooperate with labor agencies, Stamps and Bonds?
Five
g^ jOrder
j
Cranberry Orders
or This Time of
OsrieTiS or
Year Highest Ever
Trade Does Not Seem
Too Much Worried About
Sugar Shortage, Report
American Cranberry Ex-
change.
The rationing of sugar begins
this month, and to the cranberry
grower, sugar in his personal cof-
fee is something he can more or
less take or leave, but he is vitally
interested in how much will be
available to the users of cranberry
sauce next fall. Of sugar, the
American Cranberry Exchange in a
letter to its members says:
"We are keeping in close touch
with the Sugar Section of the War
Production Board and have prom-
ised our cooperation. Their will-
ingness to cooperate with us is in-
dicated in their correspondence.
You can well imagine how easy it
will be to lend our full cooperation
in the event of the country's hav-
ing a surplus of sugar during the
months of October, November and
December, but we are not banking
on it."
The Exchange is encouraging, in
regard to future orders of cran-
berries. It says: "To date, actual
and 'subject-to-price' orders are at
an all time high for this time of
the year. We have yet to hear
from many customers in many mar-
kets and territories, so it looks as
though the trade was not worried
too much about a sugar shortage
next fall."
The advertising committee of the
Exchange, and its agents are giv-
ing much attention to planning for
the marketing of the 1942 crop.
The committee is "playing safe"
and is working on alternate plans;
one to use in case the much-talked
of sugar shortage develops and the
other is for a normal sugar supply.
The advertising agency has con-
ducted an impartial nation-wide
survey of consumer buying of
cranberries during the months of
October, November and December
of last year, and this survey shows
that more people bought, and
bought more often, fresh cran-
Six
berries during the month of Decem-
ber than in either November or
October. This disproves the theory
that consumers "lay off" fresh
cranberries after Thanksgiving.
Concerning freight rates, the Ex-
change says: "In December 1941
the railroads filed a petition with
the Interstate Commerce Commiss-
ion for permission to increase all
freight rates by 10 per cent.
Through the National Trade Asso-
ciation our case was presented be-
fore the Commission, and in its de-
cision the railroads are permitted
an increase of only 3 per cent on
agricultural products, including
cranberries."
The Government and railroad
agencies are urging cooperation of
all shippers for voluntary standardization
of shipping containers.
At the present time cranberry in-
dustry is using approximately five
sizes of shipping containers, with
about seven different manufactur-
ing specifications. The Exchange
points out the necessity of work-
ing out a more uniform package
and is working closely with the
national association, Government
bureaus and carriers' representa-
tives in this connection.
Fresh from the Fields
(Continued from Page 3)
Jersey Now Has New Jer-
Water-But After sey, which
A Dry Winter has suffer-
ed a rec-
ord-breaking prolonged drought
since last summer, now, as has
Massachusetts, has plenty of water
to take care of the bogs. It is
feared, however, that the supply
coming so late in the winter, was
too late for the best results. It
does, however, of course give the
growers something to work with
in the frost season just ahead.
Mass. Blues The Massachu-
Badly Hit setts cultivated
"In Spots" blueberry crop
and the wild crop
as well has been effected adversely
by the cold of the past winter,
particularly the low point, 24
below zero, of January 11 which
was officially reached at the State
Experiment Station at East Ware-
ham. No definite conclusions may
be drawn as yet, however, and the
damage done as a whole may not
have been too severe. It was
severe, however, in the area around
Wareham, and the cultivated buds
at the State Experiment Station
were badly injured, 75 or 80 percent
it is estimated. This applies
to some private plantings in that
vicinity. However, in Sandwich,
not far below on the Cape, the
damage was apparently slight.
There was little damage at the
Mass. State College at Amherst.
Towns around and including
Wareham, Rochester, and Miodleboro,
may have received injury
amounting to an average of ten,
fifteen, or even twenty-five percent.
The results as yet are difli
cult to analyze.
Jersey Damage T h e N e w
Estimated 25% Jersey freeze
of the same
period damaged blueberry buds
along the Jersey coast and through
Atlantic County to a present estimate
of 50 percent. It is being
assumed that the total Jersey
crop, which is the most important
blueberry crop of any state, was
hurt about 25 percent. The section
immediately around Pemberton
was relatively uninjured.
Growers Growers this spring
Ordering are apparently or-
Equipment dering more equip-
Heavilly ment for bog work
than in a number of
years. Growers are well aware of
the fact that in the future, equipment
of many kinds will be limited
in quantity and some items will
probably not be supplied at all.
This recognition of war time curtailment
of available material has
seemingly led far-sighted growers
to protect themselves for this
season and for the future insofar
as possible.
New York State Blueberry
Blueberry growing is
Bulletin attracting
much interest
in New York state, according
to a dispatch to the New York
Packer from Geneva, N.Y. A
bulletin has been issued by the
Experimental station there. It
deals with propagation, marketing
and other details of commercial
blueberry production.
Commercial production of blue-
berries began in New Jersey in
1916 and there are now more than
1,000 acres planted to that state
with smaller areas in Michigan
and New England. A supposed
lack of suitable soils and of in-
formation concerning blueberry
cultivation requirements have re-
tarded extensive plantings in New
York state.' In this pamphlet it
is pointed out that New York has
nearly 50,000 acres of Saugatuck
soils, the soil type upon which all
commercial plantings in Michigan
are growing, and which is quite
similar in many of its clracts iso
tis to the blueberry soils of New
Jersey.
^May Be Less Records show
Frost Troubles that the aver-
Frost Troubes that the aver-
Th{ismSean ag annual
e
lasbtho ntpern-
ture last year for both northern
and southern New England was a
little above normal, and while
winter is not entirely gone yet, it
is probable that the mean for the
winter was somewhat higher than
usual. This has indicated to Dr.
Henry J. Franklin that there may
be less frost troubles this year,
especially in regard to severe late
spring frosts and early fall frosts.
Time, however, will tell about this.
Girdler In Oregon, which
Coos County, ihas been quite
Oregon free from insect
pests, now may
have to begin more intensive
preparations against insect pests.
A number of bogs in Coos County
are showing signs of girdler, and
there will likely be considerable
resanding in the near future.
Local Labor Through the co-
Agencies operation of the
U n ited States
Employment Service and the Town
Rural War Action Committee, it
is anticipated that each local Rural
War Action committee will have a
local coordinator for listing agri-
cultural labor and labor needs.
The prosecution of the war effec-
tiely demands every man, woman,
and child of good health to take
an active part in doing something
for the war effort. Anyone having
need for agricultural labor on a
full-time, part-time or short-day
basis should contact his local rep-
resentatives as soon as these are
established. Also, people available
for such jobs should make this
known to the labor coordinator.
County agents are pointing out
that the very serious agricultural
labor supply this coming growing
season demands early preparation
to meet the situation satisfactorily.
Expect Highe The turke
Expect Higher The t u r k e y
Turkey poductionus
d tio home
Production ually has a
relation
direct relation
to the cranberry consumption and
this year it is announced that
turkey producers anticipate to
hatch about 8 percent more poults
for raising than last year. This
is the report of the USDA based
upon information from 5,000 grow-
ers who had about 21 million
poults for raising a year ago. It
is, however, pointed out that ex-
pectations do not always material-
ize, the difference depending a
good deal upon price of feed, the
supply and price of hatchery eggs,
and poult prices during the co-
ing hatching season. In former
years the estimate and actual
performance have varied consider-
ably. The largest increase is ex-
pected in the South Atlantic States,
which produced but 65 percent of
the '41 crop The western states,
which produced 25 percent of the
crop last year, anticipate an in-
crease of seven percent.
Washington There was lit-
Has Cranberry tie activity in
Visitors the Washing-
ton cranberry
section during March, other than
the completion of the uniting of
the Grayland Cranberry Growers'
association with Cranberry Can-
ners, Inc. The weather for the
month was unusually cold. The
West Coast did entertain some
growers from other sections. Mar-
cus L. Urann and Carl B. Urann,
with Miss Ellen Stillman of Cran-
berry Canners, were in the section
in connection with the Grayland
consolidation. Charles Lewis of
Beaver Brook, Wisconsin's most
northern and one of the largest
growers, was visiting there, as
was Guy Potter, likewise a promi-
nent Wisconsin cranberry man.
Wisconsin Most of the
Marshes Come growers in
Through Wisconsin are
ready to let
off the water, and in general the
vines are believed to have come
through the cold weather without
any winter killing in that state.
Everyone had plenty of water
available last fall. Neither is a
great deal of leaf drop anticipated,
as most of the vines were pretty
has
well frozen in. Leaf drop, has
years; been of considerable
severity in Wisconsin.
Cl Dr. enry J
oldFinal Franklin, director
Meetings :of the State
Cranberry E x
periment Station is to be the principal
speaker at the final meetings
of the Upper and Lowe Cap od
cranberry clubs. These are April
th at Cotuit and April 8th at
Orleans
ean
West Coast Average
(Continued from Page 2)
at 800, and its yield in 1941 at 45
barrels per acre
This yield was the highest per
acre average of any producing
except that of its neighbor,
Oregon which the government
figures place at 73 barrels per acre
West Coast cranberry growing is
said to have been started when
Charles Dexter McFarlin of Carver
shipped some vines to Oregon, and
set them out there. This was in
the early 1880's.
CRANBERRIES and CHECKERS
There isn't too much doing in the
cranberry line in the winter time,
but there remains checkers. Newell
W. Banks, checker champion, recently
took on 31 players similtaneously
at St. Petersburg, Fla., at
least two of them being cranberry
growers, Herman J. Gebhardt of
Black River Falls, Wisconsin, and
C. A. Ricker of Duxbury, Mass.
He lost none of the games, but Mr.
Ricker is said to have played a
draw, and if Mr. Ricker is as successful
in cranberry production
next fall as in his checker playing
against the champion, he should
have a very excellent crop next
fall.
Seven
THE CULTURE OF THE BEACH PLUM
(Prunus Maritime) IN MASSACHUSETTS
By BERTRAM TOMLINSON
(County Agricultural Agent)
(Reprinted with permission from a Special Circular of the Extension
Service of Massachusetts State College)
(Continued from February issue) the two diseases mentioned are
The following spray schedule more prevalent on aged bushes
was first proposed in 1938, and than on young ones. Those in-
has proved so satisfactory that no dined to experiment might well
changes have been necessary. try the following pruning methods:
~stantial
.... _________________
Alkaline Flooding
Water InCranberry
Growing
By N. E. Stevens, L. N. Rogers
and H. F. Bain
(Continued from last month)
(Continued from last month)
Independent accounts by Hitch-
cock in 1875 (p. 126-128) and Danels
in 1878 ( 140-143) are in sub-
agreement that there were
in the Berlin area at this time
over 1000 acres of more or less im
proved marshes under the owner
ship of the Careys, Sackett, Wal
ters, Rounds and Company and
(later Spencer) and others
Mason (later Spencer) and others.
w
These marshes, whie containing
only wild vines were not unimproved.
Mr. Sackett had no canals
but held the water from rainfall
and spring freshets. Rounds and
Company had 10 miles of ditches
—.and Spencer 8 miles. The Carey's
had "fifteen miles of ditch" and a
canal one and one-fourth miles
from their mill-pond at
Aurcraville built at a cost of $7,800.
The importance of an adequate
water supply and of adequate control
of the water for winter protection
and insect control is em-
Pests
Plum Pockets
Black Knot
Plum Pockets
Black Knot
Leaf Spot
Curculio
Brown Rot
Plum Pockets
Black Knot
Plum Gouger
Plumnt Caterpillar
Same pests except
i.am Pockets
Materials
7 gals. liquid lime sulfur to 100
gals. water, or 1 gal. to 15 gals.,
or 1 qt. to 31/2 gals.
1 gal. lime sulfur to 50 gals. water,
or 1 pt. to 6 gals., or with dry
lime sulfur 2 lb. to 6 gals. water.
Wettable sulfur as recommended by
manufacturer, and 3 lbs. lead arsen-
ate to 100 gals. water; or wettable
sulfur, and 1/2 oz. lead arsenate
(2/4 level tablespoons) to 1 gal.
Time of application
No. 1 Spring dormant,
any time before buds
break.
No. 2 Just before
blossom buds open
No. 3 As shucks fall
No. 4 Ten days to two
weeks later.
water.
water.
Same materials
spray.
as in No. 3
Pruning
No general pruning of beach
plum bushes has been practiced,
although one grower reports cut-
ting off all top growth on a few
plants with a brush scythe. The
resulting young growth now looks
so promising that he plans to re-
peat the practice in other setins
(1) remove all the top growth wit
a brush scythe, (2) remove all
dead and weak branches an sev-
eral of the older stems to make
o
room for new growth. The latter
m for ne roth he latter
seem thes more practical fromb a
former may prove to be more efi-
ent from he sanpoint of econ-phasize in detail by H. Floyd of
id o. pHehasieei byuldHe.irFod
of his beach plum properly. A omy. However, it would require Berlin 1876 (p. 64-68), and C. S.
study of the fruiin chaacteris-about two years for bushes to come Whittier of Camp Douglas in 1877
into production again. All pruned 5359)
tics shows that fruiting buds form
on the previous seasons growth.
Therefore, it follows that bushes
that have made good terminal
growth are the best producers. In
many instances, bushes are aged
and so crowded with weak growth
'that little or no terminal growth
is produced. Such bushes seem to
flower profusely, but they are so
twigs should be gathered in a pile(To
be continued)
be continueed)
ICTORY
UNYD
DEFENSE
AI
Harri
and burn~(To
burned
(To be continued)
Water-White KEROSENE
I
W^oND
or Weed ControlSTA
-Metered Truck Delivery
J. W. HURLEY CO.
areham, Mass. Tel. 24-R
weak and lacking in vigor
they either fail to set fruit,
set the crop is very light.
seems to be some indication
Cultivated
that
or if
There
that
W
William . Harriman
Center St., North Carver, Mass.
Real Estator
Specializing in the Purchase and
of Cranberry Properties
" nbrSale
Extensive Experience in
ELECTRICAL WORK
At Screenhouses, Bogs and
Pumps Means Satisfaction
ALFRED PAPPI
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
Blueberry Plants
FOR SALE
Plants from one to five years old.
All improved varieties. Further particulars
Mrs. Mabelle H. Kelley
Tyler Avenue, East Wareham, Mass. Telephone Wareham 112-1
Eight
FERTILIZERS INSECTICIDES
HUBBARD
CRANBERRY FERTILIZER
5-6-4
Used and recommended by many Cape Growers
· ,G~
^^TILIZO
The Rogers & Hubbard Company
Portland, Connecticut
Established 1878
INSECTICIDES FERTILIZERS
ELECTRICITY
Plays an important part in ' v .
every step forward PREPARE BOGS For PLANTING
With Ariens Tiller-3 models to
be it in the life of a prson, meet your requirements. Ideal for
working bogs or remaking old
bogs. Completely destroys fernindustry or the nation and other weed growth. Conditin
bogs much faster than by any
other method. Write for name of
nearest distributor.
ARIENS COMPANY
Brillion, Wisconsin
Box 508
lymouth We Have Listings of
Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small
County Electric Co. |
FOR SALE
WAREHAM -PLYMOUTH Geo. A. Cole Agency
WILDA HANEY
Tel. 200 Tel. 1300 Decas Block
Wareham, Massachusetts
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lone
a Onecranberry isn't much good all by itself~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::::::::::::
cranberry :"'
One crop isn't much good all by ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~itself,:::::::::::.:::either!i
marketed
Butcranberries cooperatively year after year:::::::j::.:;:.:;;:;;.::.
underafamous brand name find a ready market.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::::::::::::::::
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and profit-
safety in numbers !~~~~~a~i:::::::.::::::::::::::::
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KLFRESENTING A$5.00,000.~A YEAR INDUSTRY
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1942 20 cents~~~~~~
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~April,
~~~AFULL APRIL STREAMl
l
OPEN LETTER...
War time is a time when the fullest information is of the
greatest value. It is a time when each man should have
the latest information available about his own industry.
This magazine is at the service of the growers in this respect.
Again we urge growers to take greater advantage of our
columns. We would like to receive communications from
the cranberry growers upon any topic relating to the cranberry
industry in which they are interested.
A grower's views upon varying aspects as he sees them are
interesting to other growers. Other growers may have
different thoughts upon these matters. By pooling information
the general fund of common cranberry knowledge may
be increased.
We urge growers to make this magazine a forum of information.
We would like to have your views upon some
problem which may interest you at the moment. Somebody
else might have just the answer.
We urge correspondence from the growers.
Our columns are also open for advertising messages.
As one means of aiding yourself, your fellow grower and
so the industry as a whole, and so back to yourself again,
we suggest greater use of this publication as a common
forum in this grim period of war.
"LET US STRIVE TO FINISH
THE WORK WE ARE IN"
- ABRAHAM LINCOLN
"Let us strive to finish the work we are in" said Abraham
Lincoln during the Civil War, when the life of the Nation as it had
existed since its inception was at stake. The life of our United States,
and the ideals of Democracy all over the world are at stake today.
Our enemies in this year of 1942 are powerful and relentless
and they would over-run the whole world. The work we are in is to
defeat these hordes. The cranberry grower of Cape Cod, New Jersey,
Wisconsin, Oregon, Washington and Nova Scotia is striving side by
side with the sheep raiser of Australia, striving to finish this work.
Some of those who have been engaged in the growing of cranberries
and some of those in the production of Australian wool, will strive to
finish the work by the actual bearing of arms. Others will strive to
finish the work by producing for the vast war-time needs of the United
Nations. Work buys U. S. Bonds and pays taxes.
Every one of us must strive in a useful way to finish this work
we are in. The issue is clear cut, if we have in mind at all times simply,
"to work for victory." "Let us strive to finish the work we are in."
A. D. MAKEPEACE CO.
WAREHAM, MASS.
Washington Growers Join East; growing-we love it-it is part of
our very existence"
The writer of this adds that
Oregon, in production is "only a
rayland yAssociation IBecomes Oeodrop in the bucket" but that kind
Mi b A _CfIbe /^ L ^of
Member Ot Cran erry Canners
Association, With Some II-
waco and Long Beach
Section Growers, Make Up
About 75% of West Coast
Crop-Will Can at Mark-
ham Under Ocean Spray
Label.
Cranberry Canners, Inc., of
South Hanson, Massachusetts, has
completed the extension of its co-
operative organization completely
across the country, as the Grayland
Cranberry Growers' Association of
Grayland, Washington, has voted
to join Cranberry Canners. This
action was taken by the Grayland
growers at a stockholders' meet-
ing, Sunday, March 22, and places
the Grayland group of 142 growers
within the canning cooperative.
This will make the fifth canning
outlet operated by Cranberry Can-
ners, Inc., the others being the
main plant at South Hanson, On-
set, Mass., New Egypt, New
Jersey, and the one completed last
year in North Chicago, Illinois, to
care for the Wisconsin growers.
This step brings into cooperative
marketing a part of the West
Coast, the only remaining cran-
berry-producing area which has
hithertofore sold its crops inde-
pendently.
Cranberry Canners is to estab-
lish a Pacific branch at Markham,
where the Grayland association
last year opened a cannery of its
own. Facilities will be expanded,
warehouse space will be enlarged,
and a cold storage plant may be
built. It is expected to pack about
a quarter of a million cases of
cranberries there next fall. Some
Massachusetts cranberries will be
sent to the coast to blend with
these West Coast cranberries in
order to produce a uniform canned
product. These cranberries canned
at the Markham plant will be
marketed under the familiar Ocean
Spray label.
Cranberries on the Pacific coast,
although grown mostly from East-
Two
ern vines, are darker in color than
Massachusetts cranberries, have
thinner skins and a milder flavor.
Shareholders in the Grayland
cannery are to be given stock in
the national cooperative, it is said.
Although the Grayland Growers'
Association will no longer market
berries, it will continue to serve in
all other capacities.
Some growers of Ilwaco and
Long Beach in southern Washing-
ton have also joined with Cran-
berry Canners in addition to the
Grayland group, and it is estimated
that a total of 75 percent of the
entire Pacific crop will now be
marketed through Cranberry Can-
ners, Cranberry Canners announc-
es. The Pacific Coast prodcction
last year has been estimated as
about 55,000 barrels, of which
Washington produced about three-
quarters and Oregon the remainder.
Thousands of acres of cranberry
land are available in Oregon and
Washington for cranberry develop-
ment, and cranberry acreage in
that section was increasing rapid-
ly in the last few years, and a good
deal more acreage will shortly be
in bearing.
West Coast Has
Highest Average
Yields Per Acre
Charles Dexter McFarlin, a
Native of Carver, Mass.,
Settling in Oregon, Was
First Cranberry Grower.
With Oregon and Washington
assuming a growing importance,
although still relatively small, in
the total cranberry production of
the country, the spirit of the west-
ern growers as expressed by one
is of Oregon apropo.
"I do believe we of the West
Coast can match the Easterners
for our enthusiasm for cranberry
enthusiasm is now causing the
crop of the West Coast to cause
quite a splash in the bucket of the
cranberry industry
Cranberry growing began in
Oregon in Clatsop County, which
is at the mouth of the Columbia
River, just across that mighty
waterway from Pacific County,
Washington, which produces Washington
cranberries.
There were about 100 acres in
Clatsop, but in thy past 25 years
or more, especially the past 15,
the marshes there have not been
so good in production and at the
present time there are between
fifty and sixty acres contributing
to Oregon's production. The largest
in that county is that of Mrs.
Dellinger, who has about 30 acres.
Clatsop last year produced roughly
2,500 barrels of Oregon's 10,000
barrels.
Coos County, which is now the
great producing county, is on the
coast in the southern part of
Oregon.
Most of the cranberry bogs in
Washington in the Grayland section
and at Long Beach and IIwaco
are located within a mile or
so of the ocean. The bogs near
Grayland, which is a center of production,
are owned and operated,
as are many bogs now in Carver
and elsewhere in Massachusetts by
people of Finnish extraction.
Many of these present growers
were formerly fishermen from
Gray's Harbor. The West Coast
here is misty, alleviating severe
frosts a good deal.
Growers live in modernly-
equipped houses. Being Finnish
people, a common sight is a small
building housing the inevitable
steam bath, a bath house not unknown
by any means in Carver
and on Cape Cod in Finnish communities
there.
In 1940, the Washington production
was 25,200 barrels (USDA
figure), compared to about 40,000
this year, and the ten -year
average, 1930-1939, was 12,480.
Washington's acreage has been set
(Continued on Page 7)
CRANBERRY
II0NAL\on
FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Jersey Passes New Jersey, the
School Bill To "Garden State"
Help Relieve producing such
Labor Scarcity great quantities
of foodstuffs,
ag n wf i
d it it get eese
work industries is taking steps to
relieve the acute agricultural labor
shortage which is building up
there. Summer weeding and get-
ting the crop picked next fall were
about the worst worries of the
growers. It is now expected, how-
ever, that schools will open late,
possibly by two or three weeks, and
that the minimum age for work-
ers during the summer will be
reduced. The e legislature
has just passed the Hendrickson
passed endrison
ha us e
Child Labor bill, under a suspen-
Child Labor bill, under a suspen-
onof rues and it hs been sie
by the governor. This bill makes
it possible for high school pupils
over 14 years of age to work on
farms up to 15 days per school
year, in lieu of schoolroom studies.
This measure is in addition to the
late opening.
This will add to the potential
labor supply for spring and har-
vesting work. It permits schools
Suggest Change The idea of
Of Wareham making some
High School sort of work-
Hours ing arrange-
ment, which
would permit High school pupils
to alleviate picking shortages in
and around Wareham was men-
tioned in the annual report of the
Wareham, Mass., superintendent of
schools. "The cranberry crop
means much to the town and the
expected labor situation may be
met in part, at least" he wrote,
"by rearranging the hours of
opening the schools during the
picking season, especially in the
case of the high school. The town
must maintain heehigh school 180
days each school year or be penal-
ized approximately $10,000. For
that reason, it is impossible to
shorten the school year. It is
possible, however, to start the
high school earlier in the morning
and to close at a little before noon
during the picking season of Sep-
tember and October, so as to free
the high school pupils for after-
noon employment on the bogs."
The foregoing was merely offered
as a suggestion by the Wareham
superintendent of schools, but it
to be closed in extreme cases. Theshows that the grievous effect of
bill has been called as "flexible as
a buggy whip" and has the en-
dorsement of school authorities,
labor officials and the National
Child Labor committee. Prepara-
tion of this bill was sponsored by
the Farm Bureau Labor Commit-
tee, the Grange and other organ-
izations, and it has the support of
many county boards of agriculture.
The passage of this measure
should prove of material help in
the extreme case of agricultural
labor shortage which exists in New
Jersey.
avg the canb
on the vines would have in the
cranberry-growing communities
cranberry -growing communities,
is being recognized.
Years ago schools on the Cape
were opened later, or were closed
during the picking season to enable
the children to take part in the har-
vest and to add to the winter sup-
ply of family cash.
Labor Shortage Otherwise on
Daily Grows the labor front
More Apparent all over the
cranberry lines
there is little else' to report-ex-
By C.J.H.
cept that the difficulty of obtaining
adequate help for spring and summer
work, and particularly for the
fall picking, becomes more apparent
daily. Large growers are losing
depended -upon employees
through the draft, through these
men volunteering for some form of
service, and through their obtain
ing defense work at wages with
which the agriculturalists cannot
compete. Little constructive effort
can apparently be made so early,
but it becomes apparent that the
situation will have to be met in
some fashion, certainly in regard
to harvest. For weed control,
growers can, and probably will, go
in more for chemical control, rather
than hand weeding, even than
formerly, although before this
kerosene spraying for certain
grasses and weeds was increasing.
Water In Mass. Massachusetts
But 'Too Late" bogs, after a
For Winter w i n t e r of
Protection scanty floodings
in many
instances are now probably as well
covered by water as usual, but
there is certainly reason to believe
that this water came "too late" if
not too little, to prevent considerable
winter kill. There has been
a good deal of winter kill on some
bogs, which were unprotected
against some very cold winds in
February. There were heavy rains
on March 14 and 15 in Southeastern
Massachusetts, although this
"rain" was snow in the Middlesex
County bog section. Rain has
fallen since then, so that at the
present writing bog waters are up,
at least on a great majority of the
bogs.
(Continued on Page 6)
Three
... the Time Has Come To Consider' C
The Commercial Beach Plum Plantation"
Says, Mrs. Ina S. Snow of North Truro, Cape Cod, After
Studying This Asset of Massachusetts and New Jersey
An Asset Which May Be Developed as the Cran-
berry Was.
*--~If
CLARENCE
Every achievement must of
necessity be led up to by the hesi-
tant, uncertain steps of pioneers
who grope their way determinedly
ahead, and now it seems a new
small agricultural industry is on
the thhreshold of accomplishment.
This is the commercial cultivation
of the beach plum. In bringing
this about Mrs. Ina S. Snow of
aSSnow
North Truro, way down near the
tip of the Cape, has played a stead-
fast part.
About a century and a quarter
ago cranberry cultivation was be-
gun in just this way on the Cape.
The blueberry has been cultivated
only since 1916. The wild beach
plum, growing along the Atlantic
coast, from Virginia to New Bruns-
wick, and with particular success
on Cape Cod and in New Jersey,
was picked as were the wild cran-
berries and wild blueberries by the
earliest of settlers in America.
From the native cranberry and
from the native blueberry have
come sizeable agricultural indus-
tries. So now, seemingly, the
wild beach plum (Prunus Mari-
time) will be developed into a cul-
tivated marketable crop from its
long existing state as a prized but
undeveloped native asset.
"In searching out early records
of the beach plum" Mrs. Snow
not long ago told members of the
Provincetown Research Club, "I
have found very little mention of
it (the beach plum) in print."
Since the interest shown by Mrs.
Snow and a few others, this is
rapidly ceasing to be the case, as
within the past three or four
years a good deal has been written
about the beach plum. Her own
interest in the beach plum has
been one of the major factors in
bringing this about,
about Mrs of
__~__________
J. HALL
Beach Plums Valued in 1600's
"From family history, I learned
when I was a child what my grand-
mother had to tell of how her
grandmother used to put down pre-
serves in stone crocks for winter
use, and that ought to go back
somewhere near to Revolutionary
times, when this great-great-great-
grandmother of mine must have
learned her cooking lessons of her
mother" she says. But Mrs. Snow
has learned that recorded know-
ledge of the beach plum goes
back further than that. A deed of
land to Sandy Hook in New Jersey,
now owned by the Federal govern-
ment and dating from the 1600's,
carries with it the right of any In-
dian to gather beach plums there
The Indians thought enough of this
native plum to retain this right,
even that early.
Mrs. Snow is regarded frequently
as the pioneer in beach plum cul-
tivation, and last year was award-
ed the first Vino T. Johnson prize
of $50, offered as the result of a
gift of $5,000 to the Arnold Ar-
boretum of Boston by James R.
Jewett of Cambridge, Mass., to
encourage development of the
beach plum. She seems to have
been the first on the Cape, at least
in recent times, to become greatly
interested in the possibilities of
cultivation inherent in the native
beach plum and her observations
of it go back about twenty years.
She finds in her research, how-
ever that an issue of "The Ameri-
can Agriculturalist" of November
1872 has an article about the beach
plum, describing it very much as
it is known today, telling of the
preserves the inhabitants of the
seashore towns make of it, of the
beauty of the blossoms and fruit,
and that it was seen in markets of
seashore towns.
"IfaGood Variety-"
"And" she says, "the 'American
Agriculturalist' adds this significant
statement, 'an we are surprised
that no attempts have been
made to improve it by cultivation.
a good variety could be produced
.' This was in 1872. And
now again in 1941 we repeat with
the 'American Agriculturalist', 'If
a really good variety could be produced-'
and we say it longingly,
but now with hope also, for a start
is being made."
Continuing the history: "In 1880,
a Mr. Bassett of New Jersey cid
some work along this line and distributed
some grafted stock under
the name of 'Bassett's American'.
But since then no constructive work
was done in propagation until
1935 or '36, except, of course, the
growing of plants from seed for
seashore planting in New Jersey,
to hold sandy lands, and on the
Cape for land-scaping."
Mrs. Snow Began i 1924
A task, Mrs. Snow has set herself
to is finding this "good
variety". Since 1924 she has kept
records of wild plants on her 55are
property at North Truro.
Mrs. Snow, although born in
Boston, is of old Outer-Cape Cod
stock and is a former Provincetown
resident. In 1924 she decided to
make her home in adjacent North
Truro. Since then she has lived
at "Arrowhead" farm which is in
that sandy, high, often wind
swept section of Truro, where the
great beam of Highland Light
pierces the sky at night. Arrow
head farm, though sandy, is excel
lent for many crops, and the beach
plum is scattered by Nature all
over its area. Mrs. Snow has an ex
tensive poultry business just now,
owning about 500 hens, and also
has built up a considerable pre
serving business. Beach plums
specialized, of course.
She finds a ready demand for
this beach plum jelly, for the beach
plums themselves (the raw fruit)
she has sold cuttings and even a
few of the pits for cultivating pur
poses.
(To be continued)
Vol. 6 No. 12
VEGETABLE LIFE UNAWARE OF PUBLISHED MONTHLY
HITLER at the
WAREHAM COURIER OFFICE,
SPRING has officially arrived. While WAREHAM, MASSACHUSETTS, U. S. A
it is a spring of bitter, world-wide war Editor and Publisher
to mankind, to vegetable life it is just CLARENCE J. HALL
another time to take on new growth.
Potatoes will feel this urge of the warm-LEMUEL C. HALL
ing weather and the cranberry winter Associate Editor
buds will swell and blossom just as usual,
as if mankind was not locked inl a death Subscription $2.00 per year
grapple to see if oppression, or the right Advertising rates upon application
of self government shall win. CORRESPONDENS-AVISORS
Fortunate are the growers of potatoes
and the growers of cranberries that they New Jersey
have the privilege of assisting potatoes CHARLES S. BECKWITH
and cranberries to grow to provide stamina State Cranberry Specialist
for the forces of democracy. Contributing Pemberton, N. J.
greatly to the "vim, vigor and victory" Wisconsin
campaign can be the cranberry growers,
for the health-giving ingredients in cran-VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
berries are now well recognized. Cran-Wisconsin Rapids, isconsin
berries are no longer a luxury, but a great
American tonic, rich in iron, iodine, vita-Washington-Oregon
mins and mineral salts. Health-conscious J. D. CROWLEY
people will not eliminate cranberries from Cranberry Specialist
*^~ *^~~ . ,.,. ~~~Long Beach, Wash.
their diet this year. Log B ,
This spring the cranberry grower, E BdoTL M. on
along with other agriculturalists, should B ,
value his freedom and the right to work Massachusetts
in a free land. America is fortunate in
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
that the agriculturalist is thinking DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
a man. State Cranberry Experiment Station
thatthinkingman.theagriculturalistis aDirector Mass.
Now that spring is here the cranberry East Wareham, Mass.
grower can get to work in the "Food for BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Victory Program." Barnstable County Agricultural Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
WHAT CAN I DO ?
if you need agricultural labor, are you in
THE things everyone can do to help end touch with your local board? Also, every
the war victoriously are almost num-man, woman and child of good health is
berless. Most of us beyond question are needed to help in full-time, part-time, or
doing a good deal, as it is, but yet some-short-day work. You can "cut a cord of
how most of us would like to do a little wood for victory." Remember there is a
more if we knew just what is helpful. A fuel shortage. There may not be enough
"List of War Time Duties", has been out-anti-freeze next winter. When you drain
lined by J. T. Brown, Plymouth County at the end of cold weather, save this, your
(Mass.) Agricultural Agent, but it applies car in service helps. Finally, have you
to everybody in every county. Mr. Brown given thought as to how much you can
stresses that more scrap iron is needed sign up for in the nation-wide pledge
immediately -have you any laying campaign for the purchase of Savings
around? Cooperate with labor agencies, Stamps and Bonds?
Five
g^ jOrder
j
Cranberry Orders
or This Time of
OsrieTiS or
Year Highest Ever
Trade Does Not Seem
Too Much Worried About
Sugar Shortage, Report
American Cranberry Ex-
change.
The rationing of sugar begins
this month, and to the cranberry
grower, sugar in his personal cof-
fee is something he can more or
less take or leave, but he is vitally
interested in how much will be
available to the users of cranberry
sauce next fall. Of sugar, the
American Cranberry Exchange in a
letter to its members says:
"We are keeping in close touch
with the Sugar Section of the War
Production Board and have prom-
ised our cooperation. Their will-
ingness to cooperate with us is in-
dicated in their correspondence.
You can well imagine how easy it
will be to lend our full cooperation
in the event of the country's hav-
ing a surplus of sugar during the
months of October, November and
December, but we are not banking
on it."
The Exchange is encouraging, in
regard to future orders of cran-
berries. It says: "To date, actual
and 'subject-to-price' orders are at
an all time high for this time of
the year. We have yet to hear
from many customers in many mar-
kets and territories, so it looks as
though the trade was not worried
too much about a sugar shortage
next fall."
The advertising committee of the
Exchange, and its agents are giv-
ing much attention to planning for
the marketing of the 1942 crop.
The committee is "playing safe"
and is working on alternate plans;
one to use in case the much-talked
of sugar shortage develops and the
other is for a normal sugar supply.
The advertising agency has con-
ducted an impartial nation-wide
survey of consumer buying of
cranberries during the months of
October, November and December
of last year, and this survey shows
that more people bought, and
bought more often, fresh cran-
Six
berries during the month of Decem-
ber than in either November or
October. This disproves the theory
that consumers "lay off" fresh
cranberries after Thanksgiving.
Concerning freight rates, the Ex-
change says: "In December 1941
the railroads filed a petition with
the Interstate Commerce Commiss-
ion for permission to increase all
freight rates by 10 per cent.
Through the National Trade Asso-
ciation our case was presented be-
fore the Commission, and in its de-
cision the railroads are permitted
an increase of only 3 per cent on
agricultural products, including
cranberries."
The Government and railroad
agencies are urging cooperation of
all shippers for voluntary standardization
of shipping containers.
At the present time cranberry in-
dustry is using approximately five
sizes of shipping containers, with
about seven different manufactur-
ing specifications. The Exchange
points out the necessity of work-
ing out a more uniform package
and is working closely with the
national association, Government
bureaus and carriers' representa-
tives in this connection.
Fresh from the Fields
(Continued from Page 3)
Jersey Now Has New Jer-
Water-But After sey, which
A Dry Winter has suffer-
ed a rec-
ord-breaking prolonged drought
since last summer, now, as has
Massachusetts, has plenty of water
to take care of the bogs. It is
feared, however, that the supply
coming so late in the winter, was
too late for the best results. It
does, however, of course give the
growers something to work with
in the frost season just ahead.
Mass. Blues The Massachu-
Badly Hit setts cultivated
"In Spots" blueberry crop
and the wild crop
as well has been effected adversely
by the cold of the past winter,
particularly the low point, 24
below zero, of January 11 which
was officially reached at the State
Experiment Station at East Ware-
ham. No definite conclusions may
be drawn as yet, however, and the
damage done as a whole may not
have been too severe. It was
severe, however, in the area around
Wareham, and the cultivated buds
at the State Experiment Station
were badly injured, 75 or 80 percent
it is estimated. This applies
to some private plantings in that
vicinity. However, in Sandwich,
not far below on the Cape, the
damage was apparently slight.
There was little damage at the
Mass. State College at Amherst.
Towns around and including
Wareham, Rochester, and Miodleboro,
may have received injury
amounting to an average of ten,
fifteen, or even twenty-five percent.
The results as yet are difli
cult to analyze.
Jersey Damage T h e N e w
Estimated 25% Jersey freeze
of the same
period damaged blueberry buds
along the Jersey coast and through
Atlantic County to a present estimate
of 50 percent. It is being
assumed that the total Jersey
crop, which is the most important
blueberry crop of any state, was
hurt about 25 percent. The section
immediately around Pemberton
was relatively uninjured.
Growers Growers this spring
Ordering are apparently or-
Equipment dering more equip-
Heavilly ment for bog work
than in a number of
years. Growers are well aware of
the fact that in the future, equipment
of many kinds will be limited
in quantity and some items will
probably not be supplied at all.
This recognition of war time curtailment
of available material has
seemingly led far-sighted growers
to protect themselves for this
season and for the future insofar
as possible.
New York State Blueberry
Blueberry growing is
Bulletin attracting
much interest
in New York state, according
to a dispatch to the New York
Packer from Geneva, N.Y. A
bulletin has been issued by the
Experimental station there. It
deals with propagation, marketing
and other details of commercial
blueberry production.
Commercial production of blue-
berries began in New Jersey in
1916 and there are now more than
1,000 acres planted to that state
with smaller areas in Michigan
and New England. A supposed
lack of suitable soils and of in-
formation concerning blueberry
cultivation requirements have re-
tarded extensive plantings in New
York state.' In this pamphlet it
is pointed out that New York has
nearly 50,000 acres of Saugatuck
soils, the soil type upon which all
commercial plantings in Michigan
are growing, and which is quite
similar in many of its clracts iso
tis to the blueberry soils of New
Jersey.
^May Be Less Records show
Frost Troubles that the aver-
Frost Troubes that the aver-
Th{ismSean ag annual
e
lasbtho ntpern-
ture last year for both northern
and southern New England was a
little above normal, and while
winter is not entirely gone yet, it
is probable that the mean for the
winter was somewhat higher than
usual. This has indicated to Dr.
Henry J. Franklin that there may
be less frost troubles this year,
especially in regard to severe late
spring frosts and early fall frosts.
Time, however, will tell about this.
Girdler In Oregon, which
Coos County, ihas been quite
Oregon free from insect
pests, now may
have to begin more intensive
preparations against insect pests.
A number of bogs in Coos County
are showing signs of girdler, and
there will likely be considerable
resanding in the near future.
Local Labor Through the co-
Agencies operation of the
U n ited States
Employment Service and the Town
Rural War Action Committee, it
is anticipated that each local Rural
War Action committee will have a
local coordinator for listing agri-
cultural labor and labor needs.
The prosecution of the war effec-
tiely demands every man, woman,
and child of good health to take
an active part in doing something
for the war effort. Anyone having
need for agricultural labor on a
full-time, part-time or short-day
basis should contact his local rep-
resentatives as soon as these are
established. Also, people available
for such jobs should make this
known to the labor coordinator.
County agents are pointing out
that the very serious agricultural
labor supply this coming growing
season demands early preparation
to meet the situation satisfactorily.
Expect Highe The turke
Expect Higher The t u r k e y
Turkey poductionus
d tio home
Production ually has a
relation
direct relation
to the cranberry consumption and
this year it is announced that
turkey producers anticipate to
hatch about 8 percent more poults
for raising than last year. This
is the report of the USDA based
upon information from 5,000 grow-
ers who had about 21 million
poults for raising a year ago. It
is, however, pointed out that ex-
pectations do not always material-
ize, the difference depending a
good deal upon price of feed, the
supply and price of hatchery eggs,
and poult prices during the co-
ing hatching season. In former
years the estimate and actual
performance have varied consider-
ably. The largest increase is ex-
pected in the South Atlantic States,
which produced but 65 percent of
the '41 crop The western states,
which produced 25 percent of the
crop last year, anticipate an in-
crease of seven percent.
Washington There was lit-
Has Cranberry tie activity in
Visitors the Washing-
ton cranberry
section during March, other than
the completion of the uniting of
the Grayland Cranberry Growers'
association with Cranberry Can-
ners, Inc. The weather for the
month was unusually cold. The
West Coast did entertain some
growers from other sections. Mar-
cus L. Urann and Carl B. Urann,
with Miss Ellen Stillman of Cran-
berry Canners, were in the section
in connection with the Grayland
consolidation. Charles Lewis of
Beaver Brook, Wisconsin's most
northern and one of the largest
growers, was visiting there, as
was Guy Potter, likewise a promi-
nent Wisconsin cranberry man.
Wisconsin Most of the
Marshes Come growers in
Through Wisconsin are
ready to let
off the water, and in general the
vines are believed to have come
through the cold weather without
any winter killing in that state.
Everyone had plenty of water
available last fall. Neither is a
great deal of leaf drop anticipated,
as most of the vines were pretty
has
well frozen in. Leaf drop, has
years; been of considerable
severity in Wisconsin.
Cl Dr. enry J
oldFinal Franklin, director
Meetings :of the State
Cranberry E x
periment Station is to be the principal
speaker at the final meetings
of the Upper and Lowe Cap od
cranberry clubs. These are April
th at Cotuit and April 8th at
Orleans
ean
West Coast Average
(Continued from Page 2)
at 800, and its yield in 1941 at 45
barrels per acre
This yield was the highest per
acre average of any producing
except that of its neighbor,
Oregon which the government
figures place at 73 barrels per acre
West Coast cranberry growing is
said to have been started when
Charles Dexter McFarlin of Carver
shipped some vines to Oregon, and
set them out there. This was in
the early 1880's.
CRANBERRIES and CHECKERS
There isn't too much doing in the
cranberry line in the winter time,
but there remains checkers. Newell
W. Banks, checker champion, recently
took on 31 players similtaneously
at St. Petersburg, Fla., at
least two of them being cranberry
growers, Herman J. Gebhardt of
Black River Falls, Wisconsin, and
C. A. Ricker of Duxbury, Mass.
He lost none of the games, but Mr.
Ricker is said to have played a
draw, and if Mr. Ricker is as successful
in cranberry production
next fall as in his checker playing
against the champion, he should
have a very excellent crop next
fall.
Seven
THE CULTURE OF THE BEACH PLUM
(Prunus Maritime) IN MASSACHUSETTS
By BERTRAM TOMLINSON
(County Agricultural Agent)
(Reprinted with permission from a Special Circular of the Extension
Service of Massachusetts State College)
(Continued from February issue) the two diseases mentioned are
The following spray schedule more prevalent on aged bushes
was first proposed in 1938, and than on young ones. Those in-
has proved so satisfactory that no dined to experiment might well
changes have been necessary. try the following pruning methods:
~stantial
.... _________________
Alkaline Flooding
Water InCranberry
Growing
By N. E. Stevens, L. N. Rogers
and H. F. Bain
(Continued from last month)
(Continued from last month)
Independent accounts by Hitch-
cock in 1875 (p. 126-128) and Danels
in 1878 ( 140-143) are in sub-
agreement that there were
in the Berlin area at this time
over 1000 acres of more or less im
proved marshes under the owner
ship of the Careys, Sackett, Wal
ters, Rounds and Company and
(later Spencer) and others
Mason (later Spencer) and others.
w
These marshes, whie containing
only wild vines were not unimproved.
Mr. Sackett had no canals
but held the water from rainfall
and spring freshets. Rounds and
Company had 10 miles of ditches
—.and Spencer 8 miles. The Carey's
had "fifteen miles of ditch" and a
canal one and one-fourth miles
from their mill-pond at
Aurcraville built at a cost of $7,800.
The importance of an adequate
water supply and of adequate control
of the water for winter protection
and insect control is em-
Pests
Plum Pockets
Black Knot
Plum Pockets
Black Knot
Leaf Spot
Curculio
Brown Rot
Plum Pockets
Black Knot
Plum Gouger
Plumnt Caterpillar
Same pests except
i.am Pockets
Materials
7 gals. liquid lime sulfur to 100
gals. water, or 1 gal. to 15 gals.,
or 1 qt. to 31/2 gals.
1 gal. lime sulfur to 50 gals. water,
or 1 pt. to 6 gals., or with dry
lime sulfur 2 lb. to 6 gals. water.
Wettable sulfur as recommended by
manufacturer, and 3 lbs. lead arsen-
ate to 100 gals. water; or wettable
sulfur, and 1/2 oz. lead arsenate
(2/4 level tablespoons) to 1 gal.
Time of application
No. 1 Spring dormant,
any time before buds
break.
No. 2 Just before
blossom buds open
No. 3 As shucks fall
No. 4 Ten days to two
weeks later.
water.
water.
Same materials
spray.
as in No. 3
Pruning
No general pruning of beach
plum bushes has been practiced,
although one grower reports cut-
ting off all top growth on a few
plants with a brush scythe. The
resulting young growth now looks
so promising that he plans to re-
peat the practice in other setins
(1) remove all the top growth wit
a brush scythe, (2) remove all
dead and weak branches an sev-
eral of the older stems to make
o
room for new growth. The latter
m for ne roth he latter
seem thes more practical fromb a
former may prove to be more efi-
ent from he sanpoint of econ-phasize in detail by H. Floyd of
id o. pHehasieei byuldHe.irFod
of his beach plum properly. A omy. However, it would require Berlin 1876 (p. 64-68), and C. S.
study of the fruiin chaacteris-about two years for bushes to come Whittier of Camp Douglas in 1877
into production again. All pruned 5359)
tics shows that fruiting buds form
on the previous seasons growth.
Therefore, it follows that bushes
that have made good terminal
growth are the best producers. In
many instances, bushes are aged
and so crowded with weak growth
'that little or no terminal growth
is produced. Such bushes seem to
flower profusely, but they are so
twigs should be gathered in a pile(To
be continued)
be continueed)
ICTORY
UNYD
DEFENSE
AI
Harri
and burn~(To
burned
(To be continued)
Water-White KEROSENE
I
W^oND
or Weed ControlSTA
-Metered Truck Delivery
J. W. HURLEY CO.
areham, Mass. Tel. 24-R
weak and lacking in vigor
they either fail to set fruit,
set the crop is very light.
seems to be some indication
Cultivated
that
or if
There
that
W
William . Harriman
Center St., North Carver, Mass.
Real Estator
Specializing in the Purchase and
of Cranberry Properties
" nbrSale
Extensive Experience in
ELECTRICAL WORK
At Screenhouses, Bogs and
Pumps Means Satisfaction
ALFRED PAPPI
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
Blueberry Plants
FOR SALE
Plants from one to five years old.
All improved varieties. Further particulars
Mrs. Mabelle H. Kelley
Tyler Avenue, East Wareham, Mass. Telephone Wareham 112-1
Eight
FERTILIZERS INSECTICIDES
HUBBARD
CRANBERRY FERTILIZER
5-6-4
Used and recommended by many Cape Growers
· ,G~
^^TILIZO
The Rogers & Hubbard Company
Portland, Connecticut
Established 1878
INSECTICIDES FERTILIZERS
ELECTRICITY
Plays an important part in ' v .
every step forward PREPARE BOGS For PLANTING
With Ariens Tiller-3 models to
be it in the life of a prson, meet your requirements. Ideal for
working bogs or remaking old
bogs. Completely destroys fernindustry or the nation and other weed growth. Conditin
bogs much faster than by any
other method. Write for name of
nearest distributor.
ARIENS COMPANY
Brillion, Wisconsin
Box 508
lymouth We Have Listings of
Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small
County Electric Co. |
FOR SALE
WAREHAM -PLYMOUTH Geo. A. Cole Agency
WILDA HANEY
Tel. 200 Tel. 1300 Decas Block
Wareham, Massachusetts
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Nobody tenants~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::::
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CRANBERRY!~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
lone
a Onecranberry isn't much good all by itself~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~:::::::::::::
cranberry :"'
One crop isn't much good all by ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~itself,:::::::::::.:::either!i
marketed
Butcranberries cooperatively year after year:::::::j::.:;:.:;;:;;.::.
underafamous brand name find a ready market.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~::::::::::::::::
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and profit-
safety in numbers !~~~~~a~i:::::::.::::::::::::::::
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