But Wilson directed the toughest question of the day
back at us: Why aren’t you young people out protesting the mess that’s being
made of the planet?

As we squirmed in our seats, Wilson, 82, continued: “Why
are you not repeating what was done in the ‘60s? Why aren’t you in the streets?
And what in the world has happened to the green movement that used to be on our
minds and accompanied by outrage and high hopes? What went wrong?”

We didn’t have great answers, so we’re going to turn the
questioning on you, dear readers: Why aren’t you out in the streets? And if you are, where, why, and who else is out
there with you? Should more of us be staging ’60s-style protests? Can online
activism or lobbying in the halls of power make just as much of a difference,
or more? Tell us what you think in comments below.

Now back to the questions we asked Wilson about his
life’s work and his new book. Over the course of his long career as a professor
at Harvard, he’s conducted pioneering research on ants, written seminalbooks
on sociobiology and biogeography, published ant-centric fiction in The New
Yorker, and led major efforts to preserve globalbiodiversity.
His new book traces human morality, religion, and arts to their biological
roots, and turns traditional Darwinism on its head, arguing that social groups and
tribes are the primary drivers of natural selection.

Q. The title of your book has the word social in it. Social has become a
buzzword for online networking, this new way of forming groups. Are you on
Facebook? Are you using the internet to look at the way groups behave?

A. No, others are doing that.

We are entering a new world, but we’re entering it as
Paleolithic brains. Here’s my formula for Earth’s civilization: We are a Star
Wars civilization. We have Stone Age emotions. We have medieval institutions —
most notably, the churches. And we have god-like technology. And this god-like
technology is dragging us forward in ways that are totally unpredictable.

We have not gotten beyond the powerful propensity to
believe our group is superior to other comparable groups. However, we are
draining away the instinctual energy from nationalism — that’s a big help. I
think we’re seeing the beginning of the draining away from the dreadfully
dissolutive, oppressive institutions of organized religion. Seeing what’s
happening is part of the reason for the Tea Party and the populist revolt now
that has kidnapped the Republican Party. There’s a resentment about the old bonds
and the old groups dissolving and new groups being formed.

Q. Have you seen concern about biodiversity decline over the
last decade? A lot of energy seems to be going toward climate change and not as
much toward biodiversity.

A. Isn’t that astonishing? We’re destroying the rest of life in
one century. We’ll be down to half the species of plants and animals by the end
of the century if we keep at this rate. Very few people are paying any
attention, just dedicated groups. The only way we’ve been able to get people’s
attention is through big issues like pollution and climate change. They can’t
deny pollution because you can give them the taste test. You can say, “We just
took this out of the Charles River. Here, drink.” But they can deny climate
change. We’re in a state of cosmic or global denial.

However, there are changes. The general direction is
going up the right way. The only question is how much damage are we going to do
to biodiversity before we catch on. Right now I’m going to national parks
around the world — I’ve been to Ecuador, Mozambique, the southwest Pacific, all
of Western Europe. I’m going to write a series on national parks — what the
basic philosophy of national parks and reserves should be, and how it relates
to our own self-image and our own hopes for immortality as a species.

We have to do everything we possibly can. I like to tell
this the way a former Southern Baptist would tell it, in the original accent.
Then you’ll see what I’m trying to say when I say we have to use every weapon
at our disposal, all the time, everything from science to activism to political
influence, etc. So this is Billy Sunday,
a pioneer in Southern evangelicalism and fundamentalism in the ’20s: “I hate
sin. I hate sin so much I’m going to fight it till my arms won’t move no more.
When my arms don’t move no more, I’m gonna bite it. And when all my teeth are
gone, I’m gonna gum it.” Now you get the picture. We all have to do that. When
there’s nothing else at hand, gum it.

Q. Some of our readers sent questions for you via Twitter. One
asked, What three lessons should we learn from ants?

A. None. We learned a lot of science from ants, but, for heaven’s
sake, let’s not do what ants do. Ants are totally subservient to instinctual
rules. Males are produced only a short time each year, and they have only one
function, which I won’t go into, and when they perform that, then they die.
Also, ants are the most war-like of all known creatures. They are at perfect
harmony in a colony, but they’re always at war with any colony they encounter.
And furthermore, a lot of species kill and eat their injured. So let’s not go
the ant way.

Q. Here’s another: What findings among all of your research
still surprise and amaze you?

A. Well, after I found them, they don’t amaze me.

Q. One of our readers wants to know what your favorite ant is.

A. Aren’t some of the readers worrying about biodiversity?

Q. We got four or five variations of this question: Are we
doomed?

A. I’d like to say no. I’m surely not going to be stupid enough to
say yes. What I will say is: no, I hope.

Here’s my favorite little maxim. It’s from Abba Eban, foreign
minister of Israel during the 1967 war, one more dumb, senseless war in the
Middle East: “When all else fails, men turn to reason.”

I think maybe we are really and truly ready to start
trying to solve problems for once in human history by using our forebrain.

Lisa Hymas is senior editor at Grist. You can follow her on Twitter and Google+.