Monday, 20 April 2015

Centre for Research and Analysis of Migration (CReAM) at
University College London.

Wales has a lower immigrant population than almost any other region in the UK.
Plaid Cymru’s manifesto adopts an unabashedly positive tone, much more focused
on the benefits of immigration – referring to migrants as “world-class experts
and those who can help run our public services” – compared to what we might
expect from some of the other parties. Unsurprisingly, the need for immigration
policy to recognise the specific needs of Wales is a central theme. Plaid wants
to pursue immigration policies in accordance with the needs of the Welsh labour
market, but such changes could be difficult to implement in the current
context.

One size doesn’t fit all

Immigration rules are a form of labour market restriction
that may match the needs of some regions better than others. For instance,
restrictive policies based on a UK-wide assessment that there are no skill
shortages may be ill-suited to the needs of regions where skills are in short
supply – particularly if those regions find it difficult to attract skilled
workers from within the country.

Assessmentsof skill shortages made by the Migration Advisory Committee (MAC) as a basis for decisions on visa
policy can take into account submissions by regional bodies, but are not
currently region-specific, except for the special consideration of Scotland.
The Plaid Cymru manifesto proposes the creation of a Welsh Migration Service to
assess Welsh skill needs and liaise with the MAC. It also contains a proposal,
for example, that the Welsh government should be allowed to decide which
companies can sponsor immigrant workers within Wales.

Students and spouses

It also goes further, proposing relaxation of the
immigration policies specific to Wales. The case has been made for region-specificvisas in the UK more generally, and this policy represents a
step toward the idea of region-specific visas for Wales.

The manifesto proposes, for example, the reintroduction of
the post-study work route specifically for students at Welsh universities. This
would allow for overseas university students to remain within the country for a
period after completing their studies. This route was was scrapped by the UK government in 2012, based on arguments that it
was prone to abuse and facilitated entry too easily into unskilled work. But it
can also be argued that scrapping this route was bad for national skill
retention and bad for university student recruitment. For Plaid’s policy to
work as intended, those granted the right to stay would need to be effectively
constrained to the Welsh labour market.

The current UK government has also tightened entry rules for foreign spouses, requiring a minimum income in
order, supposedly, to prevent immigrating spouses from becoming a fiscal
burden. Some argue that the whole idea of restricting the right to live in the country with
a foreign-born spouse by income is unjust. Since thresholds are set nationally, the policy is also
arguably regionally discriminatory. The Plaid Cymru manifesto proposes a
review.

An unfair advantage?

The only respect in which the manifesto suggests a
tightening of policy is a strengthening of gangmaster licensing law – specific to agriculture and food processing –
so as to “protect local workers” and prevent “unfair advantage” being gained
through employment of migrants. There is evidence that
immigrants tend to work at low wages, at least in years soon after arrival. Whatever small negative
effects there are of this tend to be at that end of the wage distribution. The
proposal here is rather vague though, in terms of what is meant by “unfair
advantage”, and in how it would be policed.

The manifesto also raises issues of immigrant welfare.
Specifically, it proposes that Wales become a “Country of Sanctuary” – an
extension to the City of Sanctuary idea – declaring Wales to be a place of safety for
those fleeing persecution. Particular mention is made of refugees from Syria
and Iraq. Finally, there is also a commitment to pursue prevention of slavery
which is surely unexceptionable.