Leptospirosis

Definition

Leptospirosis is a rare, but potentially serious, bacterial infection. It is most common in warm, tropical environments, and it spreads easily.

Causes

Leptospirosis is caused by specific bacteria resulting from contact with fresh water, wet or dampened soil, or vegetation that has been soiled by urine from an infected animal.

When contact is made with the contaminated material, the bacteria enter the body through open sores or wounds in the skin, or through mucous membranes. When the bacteria has entered the body, it flows into the bloodstream and throughout the body, causing infection.

Risk Factors

The following people are at an increased risk of developing leptospirosis:

Canoeists

Rafters

Swimmers in lakes, rivers, and streams

Workers in flood plains

Workers in wet agricultural settings

People who have pets, particularly dogs or livestock

People who work with the land, including farmers, ranchers, loggers, and rice-field workers

People who work with animals, including veterinarians

Symptoms

Symptoms typically appear about 10 days after infection and may include one or more of the following:

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

Leptospirosis (Weil's disease). New York State Department of Health website. Available at:
http://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/leptospirosis/fact%5Fsheet.htm. Updated October 2011. Accessed June 11, 2015.