(a) Any short period oscillation not
including combined lateral-directional oscillations occurring between the
stalling speed and the maximum allowable speed appropriate to the
configuration of the airplane must be heavily damped with the primary
controls --

(1) Free; and

(2) In a fixed position.

(b) Any combined lateral-directional
oscillations ("Dutch roll") occurring between the stalling speed and the
maximum allowable speed appropriate to the configuration of the airplane
must be damped to 1/10 amplitude in 7 cycles with the primary controls --

(1) Free; and

(2) In a fixed position.

(c) If it is determined that the
function of a stability augmentation system, reference §23.672, is needed
to meet the flight characteristic requirements of this part, the primary
control requirements of paragraphs (a)(2) and (b)(2) of this section are
not applicable to the tests needed to verify the acceptability of that
system.

(d) During the conditions as specified
in §23.175, when the longitudinal control force required to maintain
speeds differing from the trim speed by at least plus and minus 15 percent
is suddenly released, the response of the airplane must not exhibit any
dangerous characteristics nor be excessive in relation to the magnitude of
the control force released. Any long-period oscillation of flight path,
phugoid oscillation, that results must not be so unstable as to increase
the pilot's workload or otherwise endanger the airplane.