A Forgotten Novelty Singer's High-Profile Wedding on The Tonight Show

In the 1960s, the novelty performer Tiny Tim was strangely a huge deal. His falsetto singing voice and ukulele covers of older standards—his most famous being "Tiptoe Through the Tulips"—had landed him a Grammy nomination, appearances on Laugh-In, and the admiration of the Beatles—who were such fans, they asked him to record "Nowhere Man" for their 1968 Christmas album.

But then, on December 17, 1969, Tiny Tim starred on the most-watched episode of Johnny Carson's Tonight Show (or it was, until Carson's finale) doing something that was wholly new at the time: getting married on live television. Forty years before all manner of celebrity recorded their weddings for public consumption, the 37-year-old Tiny Tim—who was also known for his prudish, romanticized behaviors, which included calling his paramours "Miss"—married 17-year-old Miss Vicki Budinger on a set decorated with 10,000 tulips that had been imported from Holland. After the 6-minute ceremony, the couple sat down for a toast and a chat with Carson.

At the time, it was the highest-ever rating for a talk show, pulling in 45 million viewers. For comparison, Kim Kardashian's highly publicized 2011 wedding to Kris Humphries only drew 4 million viewers, and the American audience who tuned in to watch Prince William marry Kate Middleton was just 23 million. In the 1960s, the relatively low-key, immensely dull Tiny Tim wedding audience was second only to the moon landing.

Tiny Tim and Miss Vicki divorced eight years later, after having a daughter named Tulip and living apart for several years. Looking back, Miss Vicki told the Chicago Tribune she doesn't regret the famous wedding. "I was just a kid, thinking, 'This will be fun,'" she said in 1995. "And it was."

You see them every day, on TV shows, the news, and in movies, but how well do you know the most oft-used film transitions? Here are the big five:

1. THE DISSOLVE

The dissolve is an editing technique where one clip seems to fade—or dissolve—into the next. As the first clip is fading out, getting lighter and lighter, the second clip starts fading in, becoming more and more prominent. The process usually happens so subtly and so quickly, the viewer isn't even aware of the transition. The above video offers a great overview of the cut, with examples.

2. THE WIPE

This transition is the opposite of the dissolve in that it draws attention to itself. The best example of the wipe is what's known as the Iris Wipe, which you usually find in silent films, like Buster Keaton's or the Merrie Melodies cartoons—the circle getting smaller and smaller. Other wipe shapes include stars, diamonds, and the old turning clock.

The Star Wars films are chock-full of attention-grabbing wipes. Here are two good examples from The Empire Strikes Back. The first shows the clock wipe; the second, the diagonal wipe (pay no attention to the broken blocks at the start of the second clip—that's a technical glitch, not part of the film).

3. THE CUTAWAY

As the name implies, in the basic cutaway, the filmmaker is moving from the action to something else, and then coming back to the action. Cutaways are used to edit out boring shots (like people driving to their destination—why not see what the character is seeing or even thinking sometimes?) or add action to a sequence by changing the pace of the footage. My favorite use of the cutaway is in Family Guy, where the technique is used to insert throwaway gags. Here's a great example:

4. THE L CUT

The L Cut, also called a split edit, is a very cool technique whose name dates back to the old analog film days.

The audio track on a strip of celluloid film runs along the side, near the sprocket holes. In the L Cut transition, the editor traditionally cut the picture frames out of the strip, but left the narrow audio track intact, thus creating an L-shape out of the film. A different camera angle, or scene was then spliced into the spot where the old picture was, so the audio from the old footage was now cut over the new footage.

Of course, with digital editing, one doesn't need to physically cut anything anymore, but the transition is still widely used, and the name has remained the same.

Split edits like these are especially effective in portraying conversations. Imagine how a simple conversation between two people might look if all we ever got was a ping-pong edit back and forth between the two people talking. The L cut allows the viewer to read the emotion on the listener's face, as the dialogue continues over, as we see in this clip from Ferris Bueller's Day Off:

5. THE FADE

The fade in and fade out usually signal the beginning or end of a scene, especially if the filmmaker is fading to/from black. This is the most common, of course, but fading to white has become trendy, too. The opening title sequence from the HBO series Six Feet Under featured many fades to black and a couple brief fades to white. The very last bit in the sequence fades slowly to white, and is my all-time favorite example of the transition:

LEGO produces roughly 19 billion elements each year [PDF], and until recently, most of those bricks, minifigures, and accessories were made using oil. Now, the toy company has announced that it's experimenting with more sustainable production methods for certain items. As Mashable reports, the company will start selling 'botanical' pieces made from real plants this year.

To craft the new type of material, LEGO is sourcing sugarcane from Brazil. The crops are grown on agricultural land rather than former rainforests, and the sourcing has received the stamp of approval from the Bioplastic Feedstock Alliance, an organization that encourages corporations to make sustainable, plant-based plastics.

Making LEGO parts from sugarcane results in a softer plastic, so the new method will only be used to make plant pieces like leaves, bushes, and trees for now. The bioplastic botanicals will start appearing in LEGO boxes this year and become standard by the end of 2018.

“The LEGO Group’s decision to pursue sustainably sourced bio-based plastics represents an incredible opportunity to reduce dependence on finite resources," Alix Grabowski, a senior program officer at the World Wildlife Fund, said in a release from LEGO.

Though the switch will reduce the company's carbon footprint, the bioplastic botanicals still only make up of a small fraction of their total product line. LEGO says the change represents one step in its mission to use sustainable materials in core products and packaging by 2030.