children with special needs, such as kids with disabilities and toddlers

K-12 multiple hazard situations

Since 2008, it notes, most states still don't meet the guidelines to protect school kids during disasters, like Hurricanes Sandy and Isaac, the Newtown tragedy and Oklahoma tornadoes. In fact, this year's Save the Children report card showed Michigan failed to meet all four standards of keeping kids in childcare centers and K-12 settings safe in emergencies. (Notably, it was one of five states that don't require schools to have a disaster plan to address multiple hazards.)

State curriculum, mandates

Before you pack your bags, it's important to note that while Michigan may not mandate these plans for all institutions like other states (get the big picture on this U.S. Preparedness Map), it's made strides to safeguard our children.

To be licensed as a child care center, Michigan requires "emergency and evacuation plans" in the cases of a fire, tornado, series accident/injury or other crisis.

Schools have similar laws. Also, notably, in 2011, Michigan was the first state to develop an "emergency preparedness curriculum for schools" – an effort of the Michigan's state police and departments of community health and education. The goal is to teach kids in grades 1-12 about common hazards and disasters, and to help them develop skills and safety habits to react if a disaster strikes – from power outages and severe weather to violence and communicable illnesses.

An activities-based curriculum, it's been distributed free to all schools in the state, public and non-public. Ultimately, though, putting this student care and safety into practice relies on action at a smaller level.

County efforts

Fortunately, many schools and law enforcement officials are establishing and executing emergency preparedness measures to protect kids.

"Each emergency has different policies and procedures that we teach," says Oakland County Sheriff Michael Bouchard. This summer, his department worked with Oakland County Homeland Security to train hundreds of administrators, teachers and school personnel what to do in case of an emergency. Plans include designated "rally points" where parents would go to reunite with their children.

The department also worked with OakTAC (Oakland County Law Enforcement – Tactical Response Coordinating Group) to train local police officers how to handle school emergencies.

In regard to the Save the Children report, Bouchard notes, "Results could vary widely by jurisdictions or by types of institutions. Oakland County interacts a lot with both public and private schools."

He adds, "Our best path is to educate people and get physical barriers in place before an emergency happens. Statistics are very low that (a disaster) is going to happen. Know that we are thinking about it, working and preparing for it. We just want people to be informed, not afraid."

At the ground level

Some schools go even further, implementing emergency programs. For instance, the Waterford School District, which is in Oakland County, has "incident management plans," designed with the help of school security experts, law enforcement, emergency management and public health officials.

Rhonda Lessel, the district's associate director of school and community services, notes it also conducts, in accordance with state law, multiple lockdown drills, tornado drills and fire/evacuation drills each year.

But it can be challenging, she acknowledges, to find resources to support these initiatives.

"It is not surprising that some school districts are lacking in emergency preparedness," Lessel says. "Funding is a key issue, and it is burdensome for a school district to take educational funding for students and use it on emergency preparedness (training, equipment, etc.)."

Waterford "aggressively" went after grant funding, Lessel explains, so it could afford safety and security initiatives such as campus surveillance, a bio-security and pandemic plan, staff training and an emergency notification system. "In addition," she says, "we have a community that has supported the district with bond dollars, allowing us to put in place our newest security measures."

It's an ongoing process, Bouchard agrees. "Is there more we can and should be doing? Absolutely. That's why we're constantly adding new programs, new training, and new initiatives. Because the world, quite frankly, keeps changing."