Science Standards And Progress IndicatorsStandard 5.8:
All Students Will Gain An Understanding Of The Structure And Behavior
Of Matter

Descriptive Statement: Exploring the nature of matter and energy
is essential to an understanding of the physical universe. This standard
leads students from their experiences with the states and properties of
matter, to the development of models of the atom and the underlying principles
of chemistry.

Cumulative Progress Indicators

By the end of Grade 4, students:

1.

Describe and sort objects according to the materials from which
they are made and their physical properties.

2.

Recognize that matter can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas, and
can be transformed from one state to another by heating or cooling.

3.

Investigate matter by observing materials under magnification.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in the preceding grades, by
the end of Grade 8, students:

4.

Identify characteristic properties of matter, and use one or
more of those properties to separate a mixture of substances.

5.

Show how substances can react with each other to form new substances
having characteristic properties different from those of the original
substances.

6.

Know that all matter is made up of atoms that may join together
to form molecules, and that the state of matter is determined
by the arrangement and motion of the atoms or molecules.

7.

Explain how atoms are rearranged when substances react, but that
the total number of atoms and the total mass of the newly formed
substances remains the same as that of the original substances.

8.

Explain that over 100 different atoms, corresponding to over
100 different elements, have been identified and can be grouped
according to their similar properties.

Building upon knowledge and skills gained in the preceding grades, by
the end of Grade 12, students:

9.

Know that atoms consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons,
and that the arrangement of the electrons determines the chemical
behavior of each element.

10.

Know that the nucleus consists of protons and neutrons, and that
each atom of a given element has the same number of protons, but
that the number of neutrons may vary.

11.

Explain how atoms can form bonds to other atoms by transferring
or sharing electrons.

12.

Demonstrate different types of chemical reactions and the various
factors affecting reaction rates.

13.

Explain how the Periodic Table of Elements evolved and how it
relates atomic structure to the physical and chemical properties
of the elements.