"Readymades" were found objects which Duchamp chose and presented as art. In 1913, Duchamp installed a Bicycle Wheelin his studio. However, the idea of Readymades did not fully develop until 1915. The idea was to question the very notion of Art, and the adoration of art, which Duchamp found "unnecessary".[31]

I copy from a commercial presentation section through a camera lens

It is interesting to point out some theoretical aspects that come from the scientific substrate that generates such forms,

respectively programs for optical computing.

It has been an effective theoretical basis for photographic objectives, formed over 200 years.

A historical example extracted from Wikipedia

He came up with the Petzval Portrait (modern Austria) in 1840, a four-element lens consisting of a front-cemented achromat and a rear air-spaced achromat that, at f/3.6, was the first wide-aperture portrait lens. It was appropriate for one- to two-minute shaded outdoors daguerreotype exposures. With the faster collodion (wet plate)

Although these programs are very useful, their application is conditional. I give below extracted from

articles published by specialists in the field that have been written over the last decade.

Thus, in relation to correction steps, account must be taken of the conditions of use

for each product class.

Excerpts

Achromat, Apochromat, Superachromat – What is the Difference ...l./achromat-apochromat-superachromat-what-is-the-difference/

by Dr. Hannfried Zügge, (CZ)

...............................

However, the secondary spectrum features - firstly - a typical profile and - secondly - a typical magnitude, depending to a large extent on the focal length and the lens type. The longer the focal length and the larger the aperture (speed) of the lens, the more the image quality will be impaired by the secondary spectrum. This can be so severe that the secondary spectrum is the main factor limiting the image quality.

Hence, the next step required by the optical designer is to also correct the secondary spectrum in these cases. The result is the apochromat. The only aid available for this purpose is the use of very special optical materials: long-crown glass (fluor crown glass and calcium fluoride) and special short flint glass. These can therefore be justifiably called extreme types of glass, since they not only display an unusual behavior with regard to the relative partial dispersion, but are also extremely expensive and difficult to process.........................

And relative to the fact that the use of automated programs should be done after corrections have been made