The UNITED STATES NATIONALITY LAW is a uniform rule of naturalization
of the
United StatesUnited States set out in the
ImmigrationImmigration and
NationalityNationality Act of
1952 , enacted under the power of Article I, section 8, clause 4 of
the
United StatesUnited States Constitution (also referred to as the Nationality
Clause), which reads: Congress shall power - "To establish a uniform
Rule of Naturalization..." The 1952 Act sets forth the legal
requirements for the acquisition of, and divestiture from, American
nationality . The requirements have become more explicit since the
ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, with the
most recent changes to the law having been made by Congress in 2001.

Adult citizens of the
United StatesUnited States who are residents of one of the
50 states or the District of Columbia (
Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C. ) have the
right to participate in the political system of the United States, as
well as their state and local governments, (with most states having
restrictions on voting by persons convicted of felonies , and a
federal constitutional prohibition on naturalized persons running for
President and Vice President of the United States), to be represented
and protected abroad by the
United StatesUnited States (through U.S. embassies and
consulates ), and to live in the
United StatesUnited States and certain
territories without any immigration requirements. Felons can vote in
over 40 states, and in at least 2 while incarcerated. Felons can also
serve jury duty if approved.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF CITIZENS

Some U.S. citizens have the obligation to serve in a jury , if
selected and legally qualified.
CitizensCitizens are also required (under the
provisions of the
Internal Revenue CodeInternal Revenue Code ) to pay taxes on their total
income from all sources worldwide, including income earned abroad
while living abroad. Under certain circumstances, however, U.S.
citizens living and working abroad may be able to reduce or eliminate
their U.S. federal income tax via the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion
or the Foreign
TaxTax Credit . U.S. taxes payable may be alternatively
reduced by credits for foreign income taxes regardless of the length
of stay abroad. The
United StatesUnited States Government also insists that U.S.
citizens travel into and out of the
United StatesUnited States on a U.S. passport
, regardless of any other nationality they may possess.

Male U.S. citizens (including those living permanently abroad and
those with multiple citizenships) from 18–25 years of age are
required to register with the
Selective Service SystemSelective Service System at age 18 for
possible conscription into the armed forces . Although no one has been
drafted in the U.S. since 1973, draft registration continues in the
case of a possible reinstatement on some future date.

In the Oath of Citizenship , immigrants becoming naturalized U.S.
citizens swear that when required by law they will bear arms on behalf
of the United States, will perform noncombatant service in the U.S.
Armed Forces, and will perform work of national importance under
civilian direction. In some cases, the USCIS allows the oath to be
taken without the clauses regarding the first two of these three sworn
commitments.

Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution provides that "All persons born or naturalized in the
United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens
of the
United StatesUnited States and of the State wherein they reside."

In the case of
United StatesUnited States v. Wong Kim Ark , 169 U.S. 649 (1898),
the Supreme Court ruled that a person becomes a citizen of the United
States at the time of birth, by virtue of the first clause of the 14th
Amendment, if that person:

The Supreme Court has never explicitly ruled on whether children born
in the
United StatesUnited States to illegal immigrant parents are entitled to
birthright citizenship via the 14th Amendment, but it has generally
been assumed that they are.

* Both parents were U.S. citizens at the time of the child's birth;
* The parents are married; and
* At least one parent lived in the
United StatesUnited States prior to the
child's birth. INA 301(c) and INA 301(a)(3) state, "and one of whom
has had a residence."

The FAM (Foreign Affairs Manual) states "no amount of time
specified."

A person's record of birth abroad, if registered with a U.S.
consulate or embassy, is proof of citizenship. They may also apply for
a passport or a Certificate of Citizenship as proof of citizenship.

A person born on or after November 14, 1986, is a U.S. citizen if all
of the following are true:

* The person's parents were married at time of birth
* One of the person's parents was a U.S. citizen when the person in
question was born
* The citizen parent lived at least five years in the United States
before the child's birth
* A minimum of two of these five years in the
United StatesUnited States were
after the citizen parent's 14th birthday.

INA 301(g) makes additional provisions to satisfy the
physical-presence requirements for periods citizens spent abroad in
"honorable service in the Armed Forces of the United States, or
periods of employment with the
United StatesUnited States Government or with an
international organization." Additionally citizens, who spent time
living abroad as the "dependent unmarried son or daughter and a member
of the household of a person" in any of the previously mentioned
organizations can also be counted.

A person's record of birth abroad, if registered with a U.S.
consulate or embassy, is proof of citizenship. Such a person may also
apply for a passport or a Certificate of Citizenship to have a record
of citizenship. Such documentation is often useful to prove
citizenship in lieu of the availability of an American birth
certificate.

Different rules apply for persons born abroad to one U.S. citizen
before November 14, 1986.
United StatesUnited States law on this subject changed
multiple times throughout the twentieth century, and the law is
applicable as it existed at the time of the individual's birth.

For persons born between December 24, 1952 and November 14, 1986, a
person is a U.S. citizen if all of the following are true:

* The person's parents were married at the time of birth
* One of the person's parents was a U.S. citizen when the person was
born
* The citizen parent lived at least ten years in the United States
before the child's birth;
* A minimum of 5 of these 10 years in the
United StatesUnited States were after
the citizen parent's 14th birthday.

For persons born to two people who are not married to each other, the
person is a U.S. citizen if all the following apply:

* the mother (or the father, if child was born on or after June 12,
2017 ) was a U.S. citizen at the time of the person's birth, and
* the mother was physically present in the
United StatesUnited States or one of
its outlying possessions for a continuous period of one year prior to
the person's birth. (For those born prior to June 11, 2017 to a U.S.
father out of wedlock, see link. )

To become a naturalized
United StatesUnited States citizen, one must be at least
eighteen years of age at the time of filing, a legal permanent
resident (or non-citizen national) of the United States, and have had
a status of a legal permanent resident in the
United StatesUnited States for five
years before they apply (this requirement is reduced to three years if
they (a) acquired legal permanent resident status, (b) have been
married to and living with a citizen for the past three years and (c)
the spouse has been a U.S. citizen for at least three years prior to
the applicant applying for naturalization.) They must have been
physically present for at least 30 months of 60 months prior to the
date of filing their application. Also during those 60 months if the
legal permanent resident was outside of the U.S. for a continuous
period of 6 months or more they are disqualified from naturalizing
(certain exceptions apply for those continuous periods of six months
to 1 year). They must be a "person of good moral character", and must
pass a test on
United StatesUnited States history and government. Most applicants
must also have a working knowledge of the English language. There are
exceptions, introduced in 1990, for long-resident older applicants and
those with mental or physical disabilities.

Some exemptions from permanent residency exist for certain qualifying
naturalization applicants. For example, an undocumented immigrant who
served in the US military during a designated period of hostility may
naturalize without having first been a permanent resident. An
immigrant who successfully completes the MAVNI program may naturalize
in 10 weeks without first having been a permanent resident.
Similarly, an immigrant who has made extraordinary contributions can
be exempted from residency as well as the physical presence
requirement and prohibitions for support of totalitarianism and or
communism.

A non-citizen U.S. national (see below ) is also eligible for
naturalization after becoming a resident of any state.

Citizenship Test

The entire citizenship test is in the form of a one-on-one interview.
The citizenship test has four components: a speaking/comprehension
test, a reading test, a writing test and a civics test. For the
civics test, applicants for citizenship are asked ten questions, and
must answer at least six with the expected answers. U.S. Citizenship
and
ImmigrationImmigration Services has published a list of 100 sample questions
(with the answers that should be given when taking the test), from
which the questions asked are always drawn. The full list of questions
is in the document "A Guide to Naturalization", available for free
from the USCIS. The test examines the applicant's knowledge of
American society and the English language. Sample questions and
answers are published by the USCIS in English, Spanish, and Chinese .

Besides passing the citizenship test, citizenship applicants must
also satisfy other specific requirements of naturalization to
successfully obtain U.S. citizenship.

Eligibility For Public Office

A person who becomes a U.S. citizen through naturalization is not
considered a natural born citizen . Consequently, naturalized U.S.
citizens are not eligible to become President of the
United StatesUnited States or
Vice President of the
United StatesUnited States , which would ordinarily be the
case as established by the
Presidential Succession Act . For example,
though the Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Labor are tenth
and eleventh in the presidential line of succession,
Elaine ChaoElaine Chao and
Carlos GutierrezCarlos Gutierrez (respectively former U.S. Secretaries of Labor and
Commerce under President
George W. BushGeorge W. Bush ) would have been unable to
succeed to the presidency because they became U.S. citizens through
naturalization. The highest-ranking naturalized citizens to have been
excluded from the Presidential Line of Succession were Henry Kissinger
and
Madeleine AlbrightMadeleine Albright , each of whom would have been fourth in line
as Secretary of State had they been natural born citizens.

Whether this restriction applies to children born to non-U.S.
citizens but adopted as minors by U.S. citizens is a matter of some
debate, since the
Child Citizenship Act of 2000 is ambiguous as to
whether acquisition of citizenship by that route is to be regarded as
naturalized or natural-born. Those who argue that the restriction does
not apply point out that the child automatically becomes a citizen
even though violating every single requirement of eligibility for
naturalization , and thus the case falls closer to the situation of
birth abroad to U.S. citizens than to naturalization.

Some argue that the phrase "natural born citizen" describes a
category of citizenship distinct from that described by the phrase
"U.S. Citizen" in Article Two of the
United StatesUnited States Constitution , and
this was discussed during the constitutional convention of 1787.
While it is true that "natural born citizen" is not defined anywhere
within the text of the Constitution and that the Constitution makes
use of the phrase "citizen" and "natural born citizen", Supreme Court
Decisions from
United StatesUnited States v. Wong Kim Ark to the present have
considered the distinction to be between natural-born and naturalized
citizenship.

In her 1988 article in the Yale Law Journal, Jill Pryor wrote, "It is
well settled that 'native-born' citizens, those born in the United
States, qualify as natural born. It is also clear that persons born
abroad of alien parents, who later become citizens by naturalization,
do not. But whether a person born abroad of American parents, or of
one American and one alien parent, qualifies as natural born has never
been resolved."

An April 2000 CRS report by the
Congressional Research ServiceCongressional Research Service ,
asserts that most constitutional scholars interpret the phrase
"natural born citizen" as including citizens born outside the United
States to parents who are U.S. citizens under the "natural born"
requirement.

Chester ArthurChester Arthur , born in the
U.S. stateU.S. state of
VermontVermont of an American
mother and Irish father, was sworn in as President, but his status as
a "natural-born citizen" was challenged on the grounds that he was
allegedly born in Canada or Ireland. Presidential candidates George W.
Romney (born in Mexico),
Barry GoldwaterBarry Goldwater and
John McCainJohn McCain (born in U.S.
territories ), were never seriously challenged on the basis of their
"natural born" citizenship, but no candidate falling under this
classification has been elected President.
Charles CurtisCharles Curtis falls under
this classification by birth in Kansas Territory, was elected and
served as Vice President, proving constitutional eligibility for
President.

EXPEDITIOUS NATURALIZATION OF CHILDREN

Effective April 1, 1995, a child born outside the U.S. to a U.S.
citizen parent, if not already a citizen by birth because the parent
does not meet the residency requirement (see above), may qualify for
expeditious naturalization based on the physical presence of the
child's grandparent in the U.S. In general the grandparent should have
spent five years in the U.S., at least two of which were after the age
of 14.

The process of naturalization, including the oath of allegiance ,
must be completed before the child's 18th birthday. It is not
necessary for the child to be admitted to the U.S. as a lawful
permanent resident.

CHILD CITIZENSHIP ACT OF 2000

Effective February 27, 2001, the Child
Citizenship Act of 2000
provided that a non-U.S. citizen child (aged under 18) with a U.S.
citizen parent, and in the custody of that parent while resident in
the United States, automatically acquired U.S. citizenship. To be
eligible, a child must meet the definition of "child" for
naturalization purposes under immigration law, and must also meet the
following requirements:

* The child has at least one
United StatesUnited States citizen parent (by birth
or naturalization)
* The child is under 18 years of age
* The child is currently residing permanently in the United States
in the legal and physical custody of the
United StatesUnited States citizen parent
* The child has been admitted to the
United StatesUnited States as a lawful
permanent resident or has been adjusted to this status
* An adopted child must also meet the requirements applicable to the
particular provision under which they qualified for admission as an
adopted child under immigration law

DUAL CITIZENSHIP

Based on the U.S. Department of State regulation on dual citizenship
(7 FAM 1162), the Supreme Court of the
United StatesUnited States has stated that
dual citizenship is a "status long recognized in the law" and that "a
person may have and exercise rights of nationality in two countries
and be subject to the responsibilities of both. The mere fact he
asserts the rights of one citizenship does not, without more, mean
that he renounces the other",
Kawakita v. U.S. , 343 U.S. 717 (1952).
In
Schneider v. Rusk , 377 U.S. 163 (1964), the U.S. Supreme Court
ruled that a naturalized U.S. citizen has the right to return to his
native country and to resume his former citizenship, and also to
remain a U.S. citizen even if he never returns to the United States.

The
ImmigrationImmigration and
NationalityNationality Act (INA) neither defines dual
citizenship nor takes a position for it or against it. There has been
no prohibition against dual citizenship, but some provisions of the
INA and earlier U.S. nationality laws were designed to reduce
situations in which dual citizenship exists. Although naturalizing
citizens are required to undertake an oath renouncing previous
allegiances, the oath has never been enforced to require the actual
termination of original citizenship.

Although the U.S. government does not endorse dual citizenship as a
matter of policy, it recognizes the existence of dual citizenship and
completely tolerates the maintenance of multiple citizenship by U.S.
citizens. In the past, claims of other countries on dual-national U.S.
citizens sometimes placed them in situations where their obligations
to one country were in conflict with the laws of the other. However,
as fewer countries require military service and most base other
obligations (such as the payment of taxes) on residence and not
citizenship, these conflicts have become less frequent.

A U.S. citizen may lose his or her dual citizenship by obtaining
naturalization in a foreign state, by taking an oath or making an
affirmation or other formal declaration of allegiance to a foreign
state or political subdivision thereof, by serving in the armed forces
of a foreign state, or by performing certain other acts, but only if
the act was performed "voluntarily and with the intention to
relinquish U.S. nationality".

One circumstance where dual citizenship may run counter to
expectations of government agencies is in matters of security
clearance . For example, any person granted a
Yankee White vetting
must be absolutely free of foreign influence, and for other security
clearances one of the grounds that may result in a rejected
application is an actual or potential conflict of national
allegiances.

Visa requirements for the
United StatesUnited States citizens are administrative
entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on
citizens of United States. According to the 2017 Visa Restrictions
Index , holders of a
United StatesUnited States passport can visit 174 countries
and territories visa-free or with visa on arrival. The United States
passport is currently ranked joint 3rd alongside in terms of travel
freedom in the world.

Although all U.S. citizens are also U.S. nationals , the reverse is
not true. As specified in 8 U.S.C. § 1408, a person whose only
connection to the U.S. is through birth in an outlying possession
(which is defined in 8 U.S.C. § 1101 as
American SamoaAmerican Samoa and Swains
Island (which is administered as part of American Samoa)), or through
descent from a person so born, acquires U.S. nationality but not U.S.
citizenship. This was formerly the case in only four other current or
former
U.S. overseas possessions .

The nationality status of a person born in an unincorporated U.S.
Minor Outlying Island is not specifically mentioned by law, but under
international law and Supreme Court dicta, they are also regarded as
non-citizen U.S. nationals.

In addition, residents of the
Northern Mariana IslandsNorthern Mariana Islands who
automatically gained U.S. citizenship in 1986 as a result of the
Covenant between the Northern Marianas and the U.S. could elect to
become non-citizen nationals within 6 months of the implementation of
the Covenant or within 6 months of turning 18. Message in the
passport of an American Samoan stating that the passport holder is a
national, not citizen, of the US

The
U.S. passport issued to non-citizen nationals contains the
endorsement code 9 which states: "THE BEARER IS A UNITED STATES
NATIONAL AND NOT A UNITED STATES CITIZEN." on the annotations page.

Non-citizen U.S. nationals may reside and work in the United States
without restrictions, and may apply for citizenship under similar
rules as foreign nationals or citizens, except that they do not need
to hold U.S. permanent resident status when they apply or to have held
it for any length of time before applying. Like permanent residents,
they are not currently allowed by any
U.S. stateU.S. state to vote in federal or
state elections , although, as with permanent residents, there is no
constitutional prohibition against their doing so.

Like U.S. citizens, non-citizen U.S. nationals may transmit their
non-citizen U.S. nationality to children born abroad, although the
rules are somewhat different than for U.S. citizens.

CITIZENSHIP AT BIRTH ON THE U.S. TERRITORIES AND FORMER U.S.
TERRITORIES

The 14th amendment applies to incorporated territories , so people
born in incorporated territories of the U.S. (currently, only the
Palmyra AtollPalmyra Atoll ) are automatically U.S. citizens at birth.

Separate sections of law handle territories that the United States
has acquired over time, such as Alaska 8 U.S.C. § 1404 and Hawaii 8
U.S.C. § 1405, both incorporated, and unincorporated
Puerto RicoPuerto Rico 8
U.S.C. § 1402, the
U.S. Virgin IslandsU.S. Virgin Islands 8 U.S.C. § 1406, and
GuamGuam 8
U.S.C. § 1407. Each of these sections confer citizenship on persons
living in these territories as of a certain date, and usually confer
native-born status on persons born in incorporated territories after
that date.

For example, for Puerto Rico, all persons born in
Puerto RicoPuerto Rico between
April 11, 1899, and January 12, 1941, were automatically conferred
U.S. citizenship as of the date the law was signed by the President
Harry S. TrumanHarry S. Truman on June 27, 1952. Additionally, all persons born in
Puerto RicoPuerto Rico on or after January 13, 1941, are citizens at birth of the
United States. Note that because of when the law was passed, for some,
the citizenship status was retroactive.

The law contains one other section of historical note, concerning the
Panama Canal ZonePanama Canal Zone and the nation of Panama. In 8 U.S.C. § 1403, the
law states that anyone born in the Canal Zone or in Panama itself, on
or after February 26, 1904, to a mother or father who is a United
States citizen, was "declared" to be a
United StatesUnited States citizen at birth.

All persons born in Alaska on or after June 2, 1924, are native-born
citizens of the United States. Alaska was declared a
U.S. StateU.S. State on
January 3, 1959.

All persons born in Hawaii on or after April 30, 1900, are
native-born citizens of the United States. Hawaii was declared a U.S.
State on August 21, 1959.

All persons born in the island of
GuamGuam on or after April 11, 1899
(whether before or after August 1, 1950) subject to the jurisdiction
of the United States, are declared to be citizens of the United
States.

As a historical matter, U.S. citizenship could be forfeited upon the
undertaking of various acts, including naturalization in a foreign
state (with a willful intent to renounce U.S. citizenship) or service
in foreign armed forces . In addition, before 1967 it was possible to
lose the citizenship due to voting in foreign elections. However, the
Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional the provisions of Section 349(a)
which provided for loss of nationality by voting in a foreign election
in the case
Afroyim v. Rusk , 387 U.S. 253, 8 U.S.C. § 1481
specifically outlines how loss of nationality may occur, which
predominantly involves willful acts over the age of 18 with the
intention of relinquishing
United StatesUnited States nationality. U.S. Supreme
Court decisions beginning with
Afroyim v. Rusk constitutionally
limited the government's capacity to terminate citizenship to those
cases in which an individual engaged in conduct with an intention of
abandoning their citizenship.

In 1990, the
U.S. StateU.S. State Department adopted new regulations which
presume that an individual does not intend to give up citizenship when
performing one of the above potentially expatriating acts. If asked,
the individual can always answer that they did not intend to give it
up; this is sufficient to retain their citizenship. Hence, the U.S.
effectively allows citizens to acquire new citizenships while
remaining a U.S. citizen, becoming a dual citizen .

After a U.S. citizen satisfies the Department of State procedures,
the Department of State issues a Certificate of Loss of Nationality
(CLN) signifying that the Department of State has accepted the U.S.
Embassy/Consulate's recommendation to allow the renunciation.
Renunciation of citizenship includes renunciation of all rights and
privileges of citizenship. A person who wants to renounce U.S.
citizenship cannot decide to retain some of the privileges of
citizenship, as the State Department regards this as logically
inconsistent with the concept of renunciation. Thus, such a person can
be said to lack a full understanding of renouncing citizenship or lack
the necessary intent to renounce citizenship, and the Department of
State will not approve a loss of citizenship in such instances.

People giving up U.S. citizenship may be subject to an expatriation
tax . Originally, under the Foreign Investors
TaxTax Act of 1966, people
determined to be giving up citizenship for the purpose of avoiding
U.S. taxation were subject to 10 years of continued taxation on their
U.S.-source income, to prevent ex-citizens from taking advantage of
special tax incentives offered to foreigners investing in the United
States. Since 2008, these provisions no longer apply; instead,
ex-citizens who meet certain asset or tax liability thresholds pay a
one-time capital gains tax on a deemed sale of their U.S. and non-U.S.
assets, regardless of their reasons for giving up citizenship. The
Reed Amendment , a 1996 law, makes former citizens inadmissible to the
U.S. if the Attorney General finds that they renounced citizenship for
purposes of avoiding taxes; however, it has never been enforced.
Proposals such as the
Ex-PATRIOT Act to rewrite the Reed Amendment and
make it enforceable failed in 2012 and 2013.

It is also possible to forfeit U.S. citizenship upon conviction for
an act of treason against the United States. Prominent former Nazi
officers who acquired American citizenship have also had it revoked if
the Office of
SpecialSpecial Investigations has been able to prove that the
citizenship was obtained by concealing their involvement in war crimes
committed by the Nazis in World War II.

* ^ Jill Pryor, The Natural-Born Citizen Clause and Presidential
Eligibility: An Approach for Resolving Two Hundred Years of
Uncertainty
* ^ "PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES: A PRIMER" (PDF).
Congressional Research Service.
United StatesUnited States Congressional Research
Service. 2000-04-17. Retrieved 2010-01-18.
* ^ "Expeditious naturalization forchildren born outside the United
States". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on
2007-09-20. Retrieved 2007-10-01.
* ^ "Dual Citizenship". Retrieved 2009-03-18.
* ^ "US State Department Services Dual Nationality". U.S.
Department of State. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012.
* ^
https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/english/legal-considerations/us-citizenship-laws-policies/citizenship-and-dual-nationality.html
* ^ In the
Panama Canal ZonePanama Canal Zone only those persons born there prior to
January 1, 2000 with at least one parent as a U.S. citizen were
recognized as U.S. citizens and were both nationals and citizens. Also
in the former
Trust Territory of the Pacific IslandsTrust Territory of the Pacific Islands the residents
were considered nationals and citizens of the Trust Territory and not
U.S. nationals.
* ^ Organic Act of Guam, Pub.L. 81–630, 64 Stat. 384, enacted
August 1, 1950
* ^ An Act to provide for the complete independence of the
Philippine Islands, to provide for the adoption of a constitution and
a form of government for the Philippine Islands, and for other
purposes., Pub.L. 73–127, 48 Stat. 456, enacted March 24, 1934; §8,
"... For the purposes of the
ImmigrationImmigration Act of 1917, the Immigration
Act of 1924 (except section 13(c)) this section, and all other laws of
the
United StatesUnited States relating to the immigration, exclusion, or expulsion
of aliens, citizens of the Philippine Islands who are not citizens of
the
United StatesUnited States shall be considered as if they were aliens."
* ^
Treaty of Manila (1946) , 61 Stat. 1174, TIAS 1568, 7 UNTS 3
* ^ Licudine v. Winter, 603 F. Supp. 2d 129 (D.C. 2009) (“"rom
the time the
United StatesUnited States obtained dominion over the
PhilippinesPhilippines in
1899 until it granted independence to the islands in 1946, Congress
classified natives of the
PhilippinesPhilippines as Philippine citizens, as
non-citizen
United StatesUnited States nationals, and as aliens, but never as
United StatesUnited States citizens."”).
* ^ "7 FAM 1100 Appendix P
SpecialSpecial Citizenship Provisions Regarding
Panama and the Philippines". Foreign Affairs Manual. United States
Department of State. 10 May 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
* ^ An Act to provide a civil government for Porto Rico, and for
other purposes, Pub.L. 64–368, 39 Stat. 951, enacted March 2, 1917
* ^ An Act to confer
United StatesUnited States citizenship upon certain
inhabitants of the Virgin Islands and to extend the naturalization
laws thereto, Pub.L. 69–640, 44 Stat. 1234, enacted February 25,
1927
* ^ "U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7 –
Consular Affairs 1120 ACQUISITION OF U.S. NATIONALITY IN U.S.
TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS" (PDF). U.S. Department of State.
Retrieved 2015-12-13. 7 FAM 1121.4-3 Status of Inhabitants of
Territories Not Mentioned in the
ImmigrationImmigration and
NationalityNationality Act(INA)
* ^ "U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7 –
Consular Affairs 1120 ACQUISITION OF U.S. NATIONALITY IN U.S.
TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS" (PDF). U.S. Department of State.
Retrieved 2015-12-13. 7 FAM 1126.9 CNMI Applicants Claiming National
Status
* ^ "U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7 –
Consular Affairs 7 FAM 1140 ACQUISITION OF NONCITIZEN U.S. NATIONALITY
BY BIRTH ABROAD" (PDF). U.S. Department of State. Retrieved
2015-12-13.
* ^ 7 FAM 1140 Acquisition of non-citizen U.S. nationality by birth
abroad. Foreign Affairs Manual. U.S. Department of State.
* ^ "U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs Manual Volume 7 –
Consular Affairs 1120 ACQUISITION OF U.S. NATIONALITY IN U.S.
TERRITORIES AND POSSESSIONS" (PDF). U.S. Department of State.
Retrieved 2015-12-13. 7 FAM 1121.2-1 Definition of Terms
* ^ "Constitutional Topic: Citizenship". U.S. Constitution Online.
Retrieved 2008-11-22.
* ^ See 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(36) and 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(38)
Providing the term "State" and "United States" definitions on the U.S.
Federal Code,
ImmigrationImmigration and
NationalityNationality Act 8 U.S.C. § 1101a.
* ^ "7 FAM 1120 ACQUISITION OF U.S. NATIONALITY IN U.S. TERRITORIES
AND POSSESSIONS" (PDF). U.S. Department of State Foreign Affairs
Manual Volume 7- Consular Affairs. U.S. Department of State. 06-01-05.
Retrieved 2008-11-28. Check date values in: date= (help )
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