using the name “Git for Windows” for the installer aimed at “end-users” and

using the name “Git for Windows SDK” for the development environment targeting Git for Windows developers).

Update 2 years later: July 2012

Msysgit is here to stay, and unless you need to add a few hundreds of MB for cygwin, you really don’t need Cygwin to just use Git on Windows.
And if you want to access GitHub, you get one package (“Git for Windows” + ssh keys registered for you on your GitHub account + a nice GUI) with GitHub for windows.

What is this “MSys” thing in “MSysGit”?

MSys is an environment for Windows offering a Unix-type shell and a Perl interpreter. Because many parts of Git are still not builtins programmed in C, but instead shell and Perl scripts, Git for Windows needs such an environment.

Therefore we ship Git for Windows with a very minimal version of MSys.

MSys is also required to build Git, as we re-use the same Unix-type setup upstream Git uses. We ship a more complete MSys environment, including GCC, as build environment (which is therefore nick-named ”msysGit”).

We compile Git as a pure MinGW program, though, i.e. a program without any link-dependencies on anything but standard Windows libraries.
So unless you need to use any parts of Git that are still implemented only as shell or Perl scripts, you can get away with running plain git.exe.

Original answer: June 2010

a/ You can resize and copy-paste in Git bash, like in any other Windows Shell.

b/ You are probably using “Git for windows”, and not msysgit. From the wiki:

msysGit is the development environment to compile Git for Windows. It is complete, in the sense that you just need to install msysGit, and then you can build Git. Without installing any 3rd-party software.

Git for Windows is an installer which installs Git — and only Git.

It is easy to see the difference:

the installers for Git have the prefix Git-,

the msysGit installers have the prefix msysGit-.

Another telltale is that the msysGit installers come in two flavors: fullinstall and netinstall.
Further, msysGit does not install to C:\Program Files by default.
But msysGit comes with gcc, the GNU C Compiler.

MinGW is really a very thin compile-time layer over the Microsoft Runtime; MinGW programs are therefore real Windows programs, with no concept of Unix-style paths or POSIX niceties such as a fork() call.

MSys, in contrast, is a slimmed-down version of Cygwin (an old version at that), whose only purpose is to provide enough of a POSIX layer to run a bash.

When working on Windows, I dislike that msysGit, as the name suggests, depends on MSYS and on tools from the Unix world. I believe all programs in the Git distribution should become binaries compiled for a specific platform, and not rely on shell interpreters or third-party languages like Tcl/Tk.

Even though, it is far better than the first Git on Cygwin installations from 2007.

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cygwin + git was the only way to make git work back in the day. Now that msysgit is around, I don’t see any reason to use cygwin.

I agree git bash isn’t that good.. so what I do is

Put git in path and use window command prompt when I need command line

Have tortoise git installed for when I want to have a GUI to my git

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This is an answer from 2017…

The fundamental technical difference is that all cygwin programs depend on the cygwin1.dll; but that’s at the same time the least interesting one for the end user since it should be almost completely transparent. The main differences I found are not between the git versions as much as between the cygwin environment and msys/mingw environment. These are some differences I found:

ACL handling. The way newer (post-2015) cygwins handles NTFS access control lists can be annoying to the point of dangerous. By default, the Windows drives are mounted with the acl option active. Cygwin tries to mimic POSIX permissions by re-shuffling and abusing ACL entries in a way which can make access through native windows programs impossible. Additionally it’s possible that file access is slowed down dramatically in multi-user multi-domain (i.e., commercial or institutional) installations due to network access, because determining user and permissions potentially requires domain server queries for each file.

msys mounts with the -noacl option by default. Doing that in cygwin as well seems to avoid those issues.

Speed. I’m currently working in a repository with 100k files (don’t ask). A git status with all relevant disk contents in the cache takes 4.7 seconds with cygwin and 0.4 seconds with msys git. I’m not sure which part of the cygwin compatibility layer is slowing things down — locks, forks, filesystem, IPC… they all are candidates.

Potentially filenames. I have not investigated the issue but I would suspect that a git (and the other tools) targeted for windows (like msys git) can handle windows file names better. Under cygwin one must diligently convert file names via cygpath between the two worlds. That will play an important role when scripts etc. interface with Windows programs.

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MSysGit ships with a very old version of SSH. Throughput on my system was around 10 mbit. If you don’t care about clone speeds, then this does not affect you. The fix is to either run Cygwin Git or replace the SSH installed in MSysGit.

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The bash implementation in msysgit is old. However, i use vim when editing and that works great. As for cutting and pasting, I often resort to SHIFT+ALT+[space], E, M or whatever the keys are to get to mark text I want. Not ideal, but does the job well enough as I don’t cut and paste too much.

I’ve now started running Ubuntu on the same machine through VirtualBox. With seamless mode and shared folders, I can take advantage of an up to date bash and fast Git.

I do not use any gui tools for Git except gitk (for gitk –all) to visualize history if I need to.

I’ve tried cygwin and didn’t like it. The virtual box solution is much better if msysgit is not enough for you.

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The current version of git on cygwin is 1.7.5.1, which is very, very current (May, 2011).

I see no reason (so far) to use anything else, though I am considering giving msysgit (aka “Git for Windows”) a try (currently version 1.7.4).

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Msysgit has received a number of patches to deal with Windows specific issues such as filesystem case insensitivity, file locking etc. It’s probably a bad idea to use the cygwin version. If you have cygwin on your system I’d advise not installing git at all, and preferably not sharing msysgit or cygwin environments from the same PATH.

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cygwin sees your local files in windows format, whereas git-bash sees them in unix format. If you check out files in git-bash then run git status on a cygwin shell, git thinks you have modified every line in the repo, if you run git status in the git-bash shell, then only files you have touched are modified.