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JftîdltWottm ^ranncrijjt.MIDI! .KTOW», BEL.SATURDAY MORNING, JANUARY 4, 1868.-salutatory." Once mon upon the waters,Yet once more;Aud the wares bound beneath asLike the home beneath Ids rider.'Ouce more wo launch our bark upon thesoa of public jorrnalism, aud if the experience of years tould give skill to the pilothe ought to be i.ble to bear right onwardin the channel of duty and publie utility,avoiding the rotks and shoals upon eitherhand The experienced voyageur, however, will not expect to sail over smooth andunruffled seas a)l tho while ; he will makehis calculationsfor adverse winds and currents, and for occasional storms and tempests. But hehas only to keep his craftwell trimmed, and a firm and steady handupon the helm,Simile aside :to weather them all.Iu presenting the Tranaders, we resume for thethird time a profession to which more thanthirty years ofbeen devoted.script to its rithe life of tho senior hasIt will be expected that inobedience to cijstom we shouldmap outthe course wo intend to pursue, and statehich will find advocacy inThis will be done briefly,lest we might promise too much andform too little.the principles wits columns.perThe Transcript will aim to take abroad, liberal md comprehensive view ofpublic affairs,|S the bond of union between the States,and steadily maintaining the principlesof a sound Democratic Conservatism. Itscolumns will be qpen to a proper discussion of all topics of general interest, itseditors holding the sentiment, with Mr.Jefferson, thatipholdiug tho Constitution"error of opiuion maysafely be tolerated whbre reason is left freeto combat it."Special attention will be givon to thelocal want« andnecessities of this contmuMiddletown is situated in the midsti populous region ofof a wealthy antry, and is the centre of an active andsteadily increasing trade. The aid of alocal press is nther its abundadouhceded to develop still furat resources, and to bringmore fully into view the Agricultural,Horticultural and Pomological advantagesof New Castlepart« of DelawCounty, and the adjacentire and Maryland. It willbe our aim to idvance these great leadinginterests, and tlso toturcs and the maahanic arts.The newspaaer has beoome thenecessity of the age.withoutencourage manufacgreatA man may dotilings which taste or habitmanyhave made important to his comfort, butke must have. R, is indisis, if his mind has attainedhis newspaperpensable ; that» sufficient decree of intelligence toits regular supply of intellectual pabulum.It keep* him posted up in relation to everything transiting in the worfd aroundhim, whether at home or abroad, It«craveearsit* eyes are in every placpositions, incidents andindividuals and nations,s columns as in a mirror_are ever openThe thoughts,movement« ofpresented in itthe reflex of the opinions and progress ofthe' world. He who reads carefully a well' conducted nevrspaper, is in no danger offclliug behind the age. It keeps him aliveto all that is new in trade, commerce, politeraturo and art, and t-nuitics, morals,bles him to keap pace with th^iiitclligeceeand progress of tho times,him, if he be a shrewd man of business, toopen new ehasecure for hin «elfIt enablesnnel» of trade, and thus tonew sources o, profit,of Middletown, and of thewealthy region of which it isThe peoplepopulous andthe business (entre, are not slow toccivc and toperpprcciate whatever tends tomaterial interests. In thispromote theirbelief we confidently commend the Tranfavor and patronage of itsintelligent and public-spirited citizens, andtrust wescript to theshal, have their hearty co-operation in our efforts to present them'wi'h ajournal alikeuseful and creditublc to thewhich it is published.community in*sTRead the advertisements; they indicate not only the business enterprise ofthe place in which they are published, butthe euterpristof the advertiser also. If. you want good bargains always patronizethose who avail themselves of the advantage afforded through the advertising columns of jkoir home paper. Indeed, thepublic^re iuthe habit of doing so ; and„ h# advertise, whetherbe b* a mjplmpi, "mechanic, or a professional iiizti, -nee* TTot he stiipised tofind himself (tiling behind] his advertising.neighbour"**, basin«**. ,/There is nothinglike keeping jnc's name and busineÊstantly before tho public eye ; and if allthe business :nen of a plane should advertise, the resu t wpnld be that the aggregate business of the place would he greatly augmented. Because they would drawan increased amount of business not onlyfrom thotr *als» fiomdseveral exattthe man whodpysmounding neighborhood, but(tiurt plftces. We know oflps, which ni'ght be cited inproof of the bouefits conferred hy a liberalcourse of advertising.Mrs. Nancy Iat AlexandriallSycars, died□rsday last..:r,Thî lmiiwhmeBt Ftnsco.The historic page will afford no enviableplace to tlie authors of the scheme to impeach President Johnson. Posterity willview tj|c attempt with abhorrence, whenreviewing the flimsy and futile evidenceon which It was based. For months thisnefarious project hung, like a dark cloudof evil portent spoil the political h orison,filling the country with alarm, creatinguneasiness and distrust, and arousing fearsof anarchy and civil vr*r. Hut all at onceit evanished like the mists of the morning.In a House that had uniformly cast over atwo-thirds vote against.tho President, onlyfifty-seven affirmative responses could 1*heard when the question was brought to avote. Mirabile dicta / What was thecause of this ? Was it the sunlight of returning reason, dispelling the mists of error, passion aud prejudice Î Or was it thewholesome influence of the late democraticand conservative victories, aohieved at thelate fall elections 1 We leave the readerto unswer. In accounting for this mostsalutaky result, perhaps we ought not tooverlook the stern note of warning contained in the President's annual message,a warning which he was all too tardy iugiving utterance, but which doubtless hadits effect iu determining the result. Wequote from the message :"How fur the duty of the Présidait <l io preserve, protect and defend the Constitution" requires him to go in opposingact of Congress, is a very serious and importantquestion, ou which I huve deliberated much, andfelt extremely anxious to reach a proper conclusion. Where an act hus been passed accordingto the forms of the Constitutiou by the supremelegislative authority, and is regularly enrolledamong the public statutes of the country, executive resistauce to it, especially in times of highPartylent collision between the respective adherents otthe tw o branches of the government. This wouldbe simply civil war; andsorted to only os the lastevils. . Whatever might tend to provoke it shouldbe most carefully avoided. A faithful audscientious magistrate will concede very much tohonest error, and something even to permalice, before he w ill endanger the public peace;and ho will not adopt forcible measures, or suchas might lead to force, as long as those which arepeaceable remain open to him or his constituents.It is true that cases may occur in which the Executive would be compelled to stand on its rightsand maintain them, regardless of all consequences.•onslitiition.il■itcmiMit, would be likety to produce viocivilemedy for tho worst ofar must be ro" If Congress should pass an net whioh is notonly in palpable conflict with the Constitution,•tftinly, if carried out, product*but willdiate and irreparable injury to the organic structure of the government, and if there be neitherjudicial remedy for the wrongs if inflicts, norpower in the people to protect themselvos withoutthe official aid of their elected defender ; if, forinstance, the legislative départaient should passan act, even through all the forms of law to abolish a co-ordinate department of the government—in such a case the President must take the highresponsibilities of his office, and saVe the life ofthe nation at all hazards."Lct us hope, now that the erisis ispast, that the spirit of faction will subsideand pass away altogether. That Congresswill Address itself to a course of proper legislation, admonished by tho late popularrebuke it has received, and that it will nomoro imperil the life of tho nation.To Correspond BETS- —Wo solicit. correspondence from all quarters of this andthe adjoining Statès. While giving special attention to the affairs of our owntown and neighborhood, we desire tomake the Transcript a medium of communication between the different points ofthis peninsula especially, as well as between the more important points of theadjacent States, whose citizens are engagedin an active commerce with onr own.tciT No attention will be paid to anonymous communications. If the writers ofsuch cannot trust their names with thepublishers, neither can they admit theirlucubrations to their columns. We havereceived two anonymous communicationsthis week, which are at the disposal oftheir writers.Wc solicit onr friends to send us accounts of all accidents, deaths, marriages,removals, sales of land, aoeouuts of crops,,buildings or other improvements; in short,everything that is of local or general interest.Our Nkwsfai'ER Head.— The cut whichadorns the head of the Transcript represents tho Farmer and the Mechanic, witlithe implement« of their calling, while thelocomotivo and train in the distance, represent commerce, and tho business activity of the community in which it is published. Altogether, we think the letterand devieo both neat and appropriate.The beautiful light Scotch face type onwhich the Transcript is printed, is frontthe Foundry of Henry A. Lucas, Esq.Baltimore.We shall commence, in our next issue,the publication of a well-written originalstory, by a young lady of Middletown.As every one will want to read it, ah whohave not entered theirnames upon oursubscription list should do so at once.On one of our Western railroads, thoother day, a sudden jerking of the trainthrew a little girl, two years old, out ofside door of the car, which had been leftopen. The horror-stricken parents immediately had the train stopped, aud walkedback ex paiting to pick up the maugludmains of the child. The little one met themhalf way, however, unharmed, and evidently thiaking the whole affair a good joke.the time the child fell off, the train wasa down grade, aud running twenty milesan hour.The employes of the different manufactories of Norristown, Pa.,fortunate, as it is said to be tin the Bnion in jrliichtornappear .tothe only placeJhctones areTbs Soldiers of ISIS.We see by the Philadelphia papers thatthe soldiers of 1812, are to meet on the8th of January at Independence Hall, tooelebratn the anniversary of the Battle ofNew Orleans, as has been their customfor yean. Congress seems to have forgotten the services of these old veterans—that they fought aud conquered the Britishupon the sea and upon the lakes; that theywhipped the proud armies of Wellingtonat Port George. Lundy's Lane, Bridgewater, Plattsburg, Port Erie, Stoning ton,Baltimore, Caulk's Field, and divers otherplaces, and'finally annihilated them beforeNew Orleans, under the leadership of gallant Old Hickory,Congress has forgotten that it was thesesame old veterans, their sons and grandsons, who paid off the Revolutionary wardebt, and the debt of the war of 1812,aud who have brought the country up toits present position of strength aud power,when it may defy the world in arms.There are but few of these old veteransleft, we understand, in Delaware—Capt.Maxwell, of Delaware City; R. Lockwood,John Jones, and John Thomas, of NewCastle county, and one other in Sussex.We learn that Maj. Jones intends to joinhis associates in Philadelphia on the occasion.edanooftootheandthethethe24,was' '"""aturetoarepertheOorreycnilmcs qf tlw Mehlktown Transcript.Blackbird, Del. Jan. I,*1808.Messrs. Editors —Thinking thatthing from this part of the county wouldhelp to fill up the first issue of the Middletown Transcript, I take the liberty ofsending you a few lineB. Tho newyearopens cold and stormy, whioh is not surprising, wlion we consider the appearanceof the last day of 1887, which was verycold, and closed with a brisk fall of snow.The people of this hundred are waking upto the importance of improving their land,and I think they have commenced in theright way, viz. by draining.Ferguson and others petitioned the Superior Court of the county, at the Novemberterm, for a commission to lay out a publicditch up Blackbird branch, and notwithstanding the cold of yesterday, the industrious and public-spirited gentlemenlected as commissioners, viz. NathanielWilliams, II. P. Reading and Wm. S.Deakyne, accompanied by Joseph Robert«,their surveyor, met and coimnenocd operations. I wish them much success, forthe ditch, when completed, will prove agroat benefit. More anon.Yonrs, &c.The Messrs.B0cyisofasaArPOQUINlJIINK.Tlw Presidential Election.The New York limes (Republican) incommenting 4»on the probable result ofthe next Pi^Mential election, uses thefollowing significant languago :As things stand to-day, with universalnegro suffrage to be forced upon theSouthern States by military poivcr as thecondition of their restoration to the Union,and in the uncertain tone and temper of theRepublican party on tho financial questionsbefore the country, the "prospect" of aRepublican defeat is not only " reasonable"but it may be called brilliant. What Congress may do to change it remains to beseen; but if the National Convention takesup the party just Whore it stands now—ifit adopts * Radical platform aud nominatesa Radical candidate—we venture theprediction that it will be beaten more disastrously than the Whigs were in 1852, orthan the Democrats were in 1860. MaineMassachusetts, Vermont and Michigan mayvote for a Radical President on a Radicalplatform; it would be rash to place relianceupon any other Northen or Western States.Kent County Railroad.—W e understand that at the last meeting of the Directors ot the Kent County Railroad Companythey fixed the western terminus of theroad at Deewhore is toand where a very short wharf will only benecessary, thus lessening the expense. Awharf on the bay shore was estimated tocost at least $35,000. The board tooksteps to procure an immediate survey of theremaining part of the route, aud to advertise for proposals to build the road. It nowremains with the landowners through whichit is proposed to pass to have a roatl or not.If their demands are exorbitant, there willnot be money sufficient to eonstruet theroad.p Landing, oil Swan Creekbe found the boldest watersGeneral Grant is now fairly in the organization of capitalists, headed by A. TStewart, the great New York, merchant,was efi'eeted in New York, this week, forthe purpose^ of pushing General Grant onthe Presidential course, upon his militaryreputation alone. In response, it is reported, General Grant has written a long letter accepting tho proposition, andtherefore fairly in the field, irrespective ofparty nomination. Iu his reply to Stewart& Go., General. Grant has not a word tosay about politics.0 ISMouut Vesuvius is now in a state ofgrand eruption. Not only is the old volcano in violent action and flames issuingfrom the old crater, but new openingshave been formed. A perfect river ofmolten lava is seen to flow from the mountain running in a westerly direction andthreatening to destroy the town of Cercala.A perfect panic exists among tho inhabitants of all the villages situated at the footof the mountains.aExaggerated accounts by telegraph fromRichmond, relative to the expected risingof the negroes of the South-side countiesof the State, have no better foundationthan the fact that a few days since a squadof soldiers were sent to Halifax, because adisturbance at Christmas was feared. Thenegro population throughout the State isas quiet, as far as an armed insurrectionis concerned, as they have been sinceemancipation.haThep talk of establishing a vigilance committee in Harrisourg to protect unoffendingcitizens grows louder and louder every1 day.TU« Scarcity of Currency.No practical mau, who is largely engaged in business transaction*, can intelligently maintaiu that there is, at present,a sufficiency of ourrency in any part of thiscountry. In our own city It hus been atno time abundant during the past twoyears, while at times its searcity has beenmost annoying. Even in New York, thegreat commercial centre, the point in factof issue and redemption, it is by no meanstoo plentiful, while in many {sirtions ofthe iutorior, particularly in the Northwest,and especially in the South., its almosttotal absence is extremely prejudicial tothe interests of the community, and of theGovernment itself. Its scarcity hamperstrade, hinders cultivation and preventsthe development of private wealth and theincrease of taxable property. We readconstantly in the papers of forced sales,made in the South where most ruinoussacrifices are constantly submitted to. Inthe Tribune under date of December24, we read of a fine residence and tenacres of land which sold in Georgia for$60 and of 450 acres of prime land whichfetched only $160. These are stated tohave been baiia fuie sales. The correspondent giving the information says "Itwas Court day "and a large concourse of' ' people were present. The most of" them were large property owners, but" really had not $5 in their pockets and" in consequence would not bid, as the"sales were for cash." Paper moneymay not actually be a value but it is certainly a medium, of exchange, and theUnited States legal tender note is thereucy in which the exchanges of thecountry are at present made. A man maybarter his horse or his ox or his goldwatch or his diamond pin all of whichhave value ; but he cannot buy with themat public sales, where property is sold furcash payable in the established representative of value. If it is an arbitraryure on the part of a Government to makepaper the currency of a country, it is amuch more arbitrary act to make forcedsales payable in this currency and yet notto provide a sufficiency of it to enable thecommunity to effect purchases or to negotiate its ordinary transactions.Rut the want of currency, which is soevident to most people, and the unfortunate business experiences of the past yearare not only the proofs of a deficiency of circulation. The truth is that we have notto-day in this country as much currencyper capita as there is in England or inPeople are too much misled bythe loose statements which are constantlybeing made of the volume of currency incirculation in this oountry before theYet, a fair comparison made between itand the circulation to whioh it is nowah'curmeasproposed to restrict tho country,will show ceteris paribus a decided doerease of ourrency in tho last dooade.The currency of to-day consists of U.S.notes $357,000,000, and National Ranknotes $298,0001000.count of the small note circulation, ai thatis about equal to the average currencycash balance retained by the TreasuryDepartment, nor of tho legal tenderpound interest notes, as they are beingrapidly withdrawn from circulation,are to have, therefore, a total circulationof $850,000,000. If we deduct from thistho amount held by the banks as a reservefund, which was in October, 1800, $205,770,640, and which we will ostimate at$200,000,000, we will have $450,000,000as the total proposed available active circulation.The bank circulation for the years 1858,1859, 1800 averaged over $200,000,600.The specie in bank averaged over $92,000,000. It was estimated that the atnount of specie afloat was about equal tothe bank note circulation. If we place it,however, only at $150,000,000, wc stillhave a total circulation of $442,000,000.Deducting from these the reserve of specieheld by the banks of $92,000,000, andhave left an active actual circulation of$350,000,000 on a specie basis, which, ata premium of 36 per cent, is equal to$472,500,000 iu paper currency. So thatwithout taking into calculation the growing population of this country, its increasing business, and, what is really moreimportant, the increased requirements forcurrency rendered necessary by the abolition of the credit system, we find thatthe circulation to which it is proposed torestrict us is actually Icsb, calculatedgold basis, than i twas before theIn 1858, estimating the population at30,000,000 the per capita circulationspecie $11.88, equal at present pricesof gold to $15.75. The proposed percapita circulation after the withdrawal ofthe compound interest notes, estimatingtho population ot 85,000,000, will bo$12.88, considerably loss ceteris paribusthan that of ton yoars ago. Does not thisshow plainly that tho volume of currencyin the country is not sufficient for thetual wants of the community 1Mr. Moran, in his work on money, page200, gives us the received estimate a circulation of $28 per head,however, a medium of $25, at which rat«,to supply a population of 32,000,000, wowould require a circulation of $800,000,000 on coin basis, as against a paper circulation of 650,000,000, which is the present note circulation of the country, a considerable portion of which is locked up asa reserve fund in the Banks. We mustreflect, too, that the estimate of coin circulation iu Great Britain was made someyears ago, and that it has doubtless beengreatly increased since then by the immense amount of gold which has flowedthere from California and Australia. Wcmust remember that now that the creditsystem has been abolished, currency is notonly as necessary here os in England, buteven more so, and that a much greater amount is required. England is a smallcountry in which currency circulates muchmore rapidly than here. The immensedistance which currency ha* to travel herein order to move crops, and for other-purpose.x, locks up a large amount of it. ThecomfurtuHe condition of our laboring classes and the higher prices of wnges ii* thiscountry calls for a much larger voltilpe ofcurrency here to supply the wants of thatclass of the popnlation, and finely, the convenience of the paper money necessarilyleads to the carrying about on the personmuch larger sums than would be carried ifthe lumney worein coin. An immenseWe take no aceomWeon awar.We will takeamount of currency is uselessly locked upin this way, far more than people wouldgenerally imagine. There can be no doubtlhat to-day, where a much larger volumeof currency is required, the per capita amount is actually far less than it is in England, where the principal circulating medium is coin.ah' In Franco the metollio circulation, according to Moran, is $20 per capita .—The EmyclopanUa Britannica placed itsome years ago at $140,000,000. Levasseur and others estimated it at $100,000,000, which it has uudoubtedly reached bythis time. This would give for a population, of 87,000,000 a per capita of over$ 20 .the Bank of France was more thnn 11225.Last month the note circulation ofc Bank of France was more thnn $225,000,000, which gives a note circulation ofmore th'an $6 per capita. So that tho total circulation of France is more than $20for each individual rather in excess of thatin England.We call these facts to the very seriousattention of the publie, and we ask whatsense and what reason there is in the further dimiuutiou of a currency which is absolutely now too contracted for the wantsof tho community Ï —Baltimore Gazette.WhyMany Spinster« YSome of the English periodicals aro reviving a discussion which, three years ago,for several weeks, was a leading topic forthe London journals and langsames. TheNorth British Review thinks that, according to the census returns, there ought tobe but 400,000 unmarried women betweenthe ages of twenty aud forty, whereastlioro are 1,230,0U0, aud as the workingclasses and peasants nearly all marry auUmarry young, workingmen finding no difficulty m getting husbands for their daughters, the surplus spinsters arc among thehigor classes, and Uiousands of young menwho refuse to marry are those having incomes of £300 to £800 a year, who prefer their " liberty" and the support thissum gives them to the risk of sharing theirincome with u wife. But this is not all;there is the old story of the terrible extravagance of the women ; the modest maidensuddenly blooms into the most magnificentof matrons; unbounded iu expenditure,they flirt more industriously, waltz moreviolently, and dress more outrageously.Even the Spectator, which makes a milddefense of the young women of Englandagainst the charges of the writers in theNorth British Review and Frazer, is compelled to admit that there is an alarminglylarge oloss of such women, aud that thereis among men glowing contempt, not onlyfor matrimony, but for women tbumselves.Among the few remedies suggested are opportunities for freer social intercourse ; theadvantage of seeing women elsewherethan at the hull and'opera, so that a mancan loam something of the actual habitaand disposition of the persons whose hand•he might be disposed to seek, and thus beable to see the difference between the realwoman und the woman of tho ball-room.As it is, it is a lottery in which many fearto venture.asaofifValue of A<lvt-rti«ing*Notoriety or publicity is an indispensable element ot' success in the merchant,mechanic or manufacturer, who would givea speedy and wide distribution to the commodities and productions which he seeks toexchange for money. He may have capital, skill, convenient position, punctuality,industry and honesty—every possible fitness for his business—and ull is nothingif he have not sufficient notoriety. Thisnotoriety, let it cost more or less, he mustpurchase or provide for as carefully as hepurchases or manufactures his stock'efgoods. And it must in extent bear a certain relation to the business he would do.It must bo both positive and comparative.People must not only know him änd hisbusiness, because otherwise they will notfind him, but they must know him, becauseotherwise they will find and trade withthose who are better known. Customers,like sheep, are gregarious, and flock wherethey see others flocking. If nobody elsewere engaged in tho same business, itwould be important for our dealers to advertise in the newspapers, because peoplearc tempted to buy what they read of. Itis like having a salesman with severalthousands of voices, speaking politely ofyour wares to tons of thousands of people, perhaps at tho same rfioiuent, neveroffending, never obtrusive, never tired—such a salesman might be worth one, two,three or five thousand dollars a year toyou, according to the number of his voices.But if others are engaged in the samebusiness, even if they do not advertise, itbecomes the more important for our deal*ers to do so, and if they do advertise, it isdoubly important. It is, in fact, ruin notto be known as extensively as onr rivals.It is the flood-tide of fortune to be themost extensively known.aSome time ago it was publicly announced that a disagreement had occurredbetween Senator Sumner and liis wife, buta portion of the press at once contradictedthe story. Last week the Home Journalsettled the matter in this wise :We have good authority for stating thatthe differences bctwoc Mr. aud Mrs.Charles Sumner, which have causod somuch unpleasant gossip and scandal, havefinally settled hy a permanentation, with the mutual consent and desireof both parties and their best friends.The direct cause of this separation is simplythe oertainty—discovered only too late—that there exist between the parties an incompatibility of temperament and opinionupon certain sociul qiftstinns, which precludes the possibility of their living happily together as man and wife.beenseparThe Maryland Legislature met at Annapolis on Wednesday last. Barnes Compton, of Charles county, was elected Presidentof the Senate, and Augustus GagawaySecretary. Win. H. Stewart, of Baltimore,was elected Speaker of the House, and Milton Y. Kidd, of Ceeil county, Chief Clerk.No huisineaa beyond completing the workof organization has yet been transacted.A call is in circulation in New Jersey,and is receiving thousands of signaturesfor th(jj*B*embling of a convention at Trenton, on tho 22d of January, to organize anopposition party to the Camden and Amboy Railroad monopoly, Iliuoltt and Turkey.The leading diplomats of Russia recentlyassembled at bt. Petersburg by comma idof the Osar. It was a conference in relation to the présent aspect of the Easternquestion, aud the proper steps necessaryto be taken by Russia in order to carryout hor long-clieriahed purposes in relatbuto the effects of t|iu "sick man.declares that the ultimate resnlt of thatmeeting was a dotcrpiination on tho partRussia to force Prance and tho otherGreat Powers to assume some well-detinpolicy with regard to the affairs of Turkdy.The Öultan has taken tho alarm at thismovement, and has addressed an urgentnote to the French government, protestingagainst the actio* or intentions of Russia, and stating that Russian agents areendeavoring to excite revolt among theChristian subjects of the Porte. Accoipanying this nota is a vigorous and earnestprotest on the part of Turkey against suchhostile aud unfriendly action, or the leastconnivance therein, on the part of Rusb a.No action has yet been taken on thisnote by Napoleon. At least no noticeany has been made public. In the meantime, affairs in Crete and Turkey irebecoming more complicated. Un the 25thand 20th of November a battle was foughtbetween the Christians und Turks, nearthe village of Laki, in which tha lat erwere defeated with heavy loss. The position of the Sultan's Grand Visier in Ciitidia, in the midst of the clamor of armsand tho cry for liberty, becomes dailymore critical. Tho Cretans caricature hiseffort to solve the contest between theCrossand the Crescent, by his convoking apacked assembly, composed chieffyTurks and renegade Levantines. Thefever in the camp of the Christians liasreceived a father impulse from the enthusiasm evinced by the Cretan refugeesiu Greece, on the recent arrival' of KingGorge and tho Ijiioeu Olga iu Athens.The insurgents or revolutionists will listto no compromise. They demand full andentire separation and freedom from Turfand the rule of the Sultan, anti an ineirporation with Greece as a part of thatkingdom. In this demand.they are evidently strengthened by the advice of age itsof the Russian government, large numb ersof whom arc known to be on the islandand iu daily communication with t«urgent chiefs. Turkey has doubtlesreason to protest against the action of Russia in relation to tin* affairs of Crete, putwhether that protest will be followedany cessation of the acts complained of ishighly questionable. France cannot affordto quarrel with Russia at this time, whenthe Roman question is open and Prussiais looming up in central Europe os a titstclass military power.But, in addition to the vexed and disturbing questions arising out of the affairsof Crete, home matters, arc troubling theSultan, and calling for definite action onhis part. A reform party haS sprung upspuing tho Turks, headed by MustaphaPasha, who demand a thorough change inmany of the departments of the kingdom,aud advancement in unison with the spiritof the age. The old Turkish party are ipposed to any change or innovation on lncicnt customs, and had they the powerwould speedily annihilate steamers, riilways, and telegraphs, with all other in woof the "Infidel dogs." Young Tkey, on the contrary, is in favor of introducing all the modern European improvements into that country, and thus fitting!the people to play their part iu the growldrama which must shortly commence iuthe Old World. Tho Suita» hi endeaving to tread a middle patlp He is strengthening his arnyrand navy, but in the e vilgôveruinenfbo changes are made. Hencethe discontent meut ut home, which, addedto the war iu Crete is threatening the vexistence of the Turkish Empire in Euoicdnofotar1:°yniii<><ibyt i<orryrope.Russia holds the winning canis iu Iterainst Turkey, and must be sueci sse end. France will not interferegame agifui in thin the Cretan difficulty, and should theobstinate struggle so long curried on bythe Christians in Crete end in theirobü ining advantageous terms, the influeuctheir example might be very - nsehiov|iusin other provinces where the Christiannient predominates. The Servians, Bulgarians and Montenegrins of the Slavonicrace and Greek faith arc greatly favoredby Russia. They aro all watching eagerly the progress of the Cretan affair, andthe influence of Russia iu thht direction isas plainly apparent as iu the island ofCandia. Turkey may protest, but she isin the fowler's net, aud will he baggel atlast.of•leDull Times.— There is a very gc*pralcomplaint of dull times, a falling elf intrade, a scarify of money, <ic. Sorno persons are desponding, and predicting ptillfurther prostration. We thinkfeeling will prevail after the first of I theyear. Every one should make it a pointto pay the amount of his indehtness, as byso doing a healthy impetus will be givento trade. There is no good reason whyour country should not be highly prosperous, as every product commands a goodprice, and the laborer receives high wages.The money market will certainly bccpuiceasier in a very short time. The amountof gold which the Government will shortlyput in circulation will exert a very salutaryinfluence. The Bunks will discount morefreely, and the rates demanded for loansmust materially decline. So says the Delaware Republican.The steamship "Francis," Captain Harrington, which left Baltimore for Wilmington, N. C. , on Saturday last,ashore on Tuesday morning, some e ghtmiles north of New Inlet. All hands onboard were saved. The vessel is reportedas laying broadside on the beach, with thesea sweeping over her, and she will pribly become a total wreck, although it wassupposed a portion^of her cargo may besavod.General Howard, It is said, prépose i todistribute the surplus funds iu the Frecduien's Bureau amoriffths destitute peopleof the South during the winter. Theamount remaining in the Bureau treasuryis said to be over $8,000,000.A petition agany of the West Wtdia Islands has reoe veduumereus siguatircs in Boston.entbuIt the annexation of<k1Taxe« «I«'•«ariea.We hope aud ewhen every dollirlto »apport our gij^ment will bo leviedon superfluities, «d-wlieu articles of neeessary oonsmBpiotf 1 will bo free. Thatthis idea is not afchjpierieal one is abundantly testified iy ' the success alreadyachieved in this liréction by othertries, aud uotabliMJingland. Less thana century since etfryurticlc imported intothe United KinpUmt, and many of thoseexported were burdened with high duties.Every useful commodity, and every articleof comfort and luxury, had to pay a heavyStute before it Reachedrxpect to sec the dayof the revenue neededCOUllcontribution to tlwthe consumer, aid the tariff exhibited aformidable load of unjust and oppressiveburdens. Under the spread of more liberalideas the taxes 1 vied by the custom lawsupon almost every article largely oonsuntedwere gradually reduced or got rid of.—Through the urdntjus and intelligent labors ot Cobden, Bright aud other leadersof the Anti-corn iaw League, the principle of protection which had long rillenthe British people, as it still docs our own,was formally abandoned and disowned.The taxes on brudstutfs were repealed,and n great diminution was made.Two hundred y ara ago the number ofarticles charged n th taxes in Great BriIn 1787 they werereduced to 1,425 articles; in 182(1 to 1,280; in 1841 to 1,062; in 1840 to 516,and in 1858 to 4'i6.tain numbered 1,0ii0.tlIn the latter yearthe Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gladstone, thus stated the principles that govern the tax levy :" First, to abolish altogether the dutieswhich are unproductive ; aud in the nextplace to abolish, as far as considerations ofrevenue will permit, dutiesmanufacture, except such as are in thelast stages as finished articles. In thesecases we have endeavored to lix tho dutiesin such n way that, as a general rule,they should not stand, as to any oluss ofgoods (except silks,) higher thuu leu percent, on their value."Next; we have been desirous to lowerthe duties that press on foreign articles offood, which enter largely, if not into thenecessaries of life, at any rate into whatmay be called the luxuries and eifmforti ofthe mass of the people."Still greater reductions in the numberof articles taxed have taken place ; audsince 18(il), the British tariff retains onlynineteen article* subject to import duties.Our own complicated and. burdensometariff presents a painful contrast to tbissimplicity, with its 3,500 articles subjectto duty—or about double the number thatwere ever taxed in Great Britain, oven inher darkest days of national exclusivenessand oppression. Y'et England raises asgreat a revenue every year from customsas docs the United States, and collects it 'far more cheaply and surely. Five greatitems produced twcuty million pounds,$ 100,000,000, moro than our whole revenue from customs (all source*) iu 1805,and nearly as much af the total averagereceipts of the curreut fiscal year from imports. These great staples are sugar, tea,tobacco, wine and spirits—all, aavo eno ortwo, articles of meru luxury or superfluity.G reut Britain ha« a.j»qtubitiofi qbudt equalto our own. Ns*'Ration stands mortify»to ed of a largo revenue, since ner national fdebt is greatelby one-third than ours.— /What is the Secret of her snpccsa'f Low /taxes nin 1 ebéaj, prices for all the ifficcss*»/$ncs of life. t"* — t* .It should never li forgotten that heavy taxod articles expensively consumed bythe people, enhuuee the oust of those articles, first, to the citent of the duty itself;second, to the extint of forty perpremium on that duty, (as all .such taxesare payable in gold,) third, to the extentof the expense, delay and inconveniencesuffered by the di aler iu tho payment ofthe duty ; and lastly, ou accouut of thodiscouraging efljtct of such duties upon theimportation of tho article. How manytimes have we (been told, iu the tost threeyears, as a reason why the merchants nolodger keep certain articles on hand—" we •can't afford toimport that article any more,the duty is sqbigh." And how often arowe reminded, when hesitating over thefrightfully ds'ar prices asked for importedgoods that the article has paid fortyfifty per cent, gold duty and cannot possibly be afforded any less V This enhancement of tho cost limits theof articles which are ofcossity to the welfare of theso far it is :i great injury,den duty of the State to interfere so as todiminish materially the comforts of thecommunity.. Yet we find our Govern'ment, through the unwise aud nnstakeucounsels of men who appear not to. comprehend the first principle of politicalomy, standing in the unparcutal relationof an obstructionist to the commerce of thepeople. By a system of inordinately highduties, never paralleled before in thiscountry, we arc eut off'from using our ownresources to the best advantage, while theGovernment, instead of reaping tho advantage which the people lose, is actuallycheating itself out of millions by pursuinga moro reasonable system of taxation, iuthe articles subjected to customs' duties.It appears from the last report of tin,Commissioner of the Internal Revenue,,that the present average tax laid by thecustom laws upon imported goods, is forty-eight per cent, on tfie dutiable value ofthe goods. This is, every dollar of it,paid 1/ goldThe highest average duty•everjivied in this country before was forty-oi,o per cent,, and that only for a brieSfspaci of three years. The actual duty;^«paid for a series of years prior to 1801,avenged only twenty and one-half percent on the dutiable value of the goodsimported. Is it wise to keep up, so long afterthe necessities of the war aro over, thismoastrous advance of taxation, amounting,as ore have seen, to more than one hunld ed per cent?— Cincinnati Commercial .articles oforconsumptionprimary neîe jpeoplc, andIt. is the bouneconGoneral Canby, a oommander in SouthCarolina, has issued an order suspendingexecutions end staying proceedings in alloases arising during the war ; suspending,sale« under foreclosure of mortgagesproviding for homestead exemption.antThe Judiciary CnnuurHee hove reportedin favor of tho admission of Senator Thomasto his seat. The Poaatc has pot yet aetsdon the report./