This course has been developed by senior NWT personnel who have been
involved in PWR and BWR water chemistry, corrosion, water treatment, and activity
transport control for 20 or more years. Their experience base has been complemented by
consideration of the underlying chemistry and engineering principles in each area of
instruction. Because of the nature of the course, senior NWT personnel provide all
instruction (see Class Lecturers).

The course is intended for PWR chemistry personnel involved in data
review, problem identification and diagnosis, and development of corrective actions.

Section 1 - Steam Generator Corrosion and its Minimization

A. Steam Generator Corrosion Considerations

Design Features

Industry Trends

Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking/Intergranular Attack

Denting

Erosion/Fretting

Corrosion Assisted Fatigue

B. Guidelines and Specifications for Corrosion Minimization

Basis for Values

Control Values and Action Levels

Section 2 - Impurity Transport Considerations

A. Mass Balance Approach to Impurity Transport Evaluations

Ionic Impurities

Oxygen

B. Ion Exchange Considerations

Ion Exchange Resins

Mixed Beds

Precoat Systems

Selectivity Theory: Application to Ionic Leakage Estimation

Resin Leakage Effects

Section 3 - Hideout in PWR Steam Generators

A. Experimental Methodology

B. Available Data Base

C. Crevice Chemistry

Section 4 - Prediction of Crevice Chemistry

A. Crevice Modeling - Thermodynamic Considerations

B. Physical Chemistry Considerations

C. Applications of MULTEQ

Section 5 - Interpretation of Hideout Return Data

A. Experimental Methodology

B. Crevice Chemistry Inferences

Section 6 - Corrosion Product Transport

A. Justification for Corrosion Product Transport Control

B. Industry Guidelines

C. Measurement of Corrosion Product Transport

Sampling Considerations

Mass Transport Approach

D. Corrosion Product Transport

Methodology for Plant Studies

Control Approaches

Section 7 - Primary System Chemistry Control

A. Technical Justifications

System Integrity

Fuel Integrity

Shutdown Dose Rate Minimization

B. Chemistry Guidelines

Bases

Parameters/Values

Section 8 - Activated Corrosion Product Transport

A. Sources of Activated Corrosion Products

B. Radiation Buildup Trends

Shutdown Radiation Monitoring

Isotopic Measurements

C. Radiation Buildup Models

Solubility of Corrosion Product

D. Methods of Control

Chemistry Control during Operation

Effect of Zinc Addition

Shutdown Chemistry Control

Steve Sawochka

Dr. Sawochka currently is President of NWT Corporation. He has been involved with
consulting and R&D projects in the fields of water chemistry, water treatment,
corrosion, and radwaste processing in BWR and PWR systems for over 50 years. He previously
was Manager of Water Chemistry Development for General Electric's BWR Systems Department.
Dr. Sawochka has authored numerous publications in the referenced areas and has been an
active member of EPRI committees that have developed guidelines for BWR and PWR chemistry
control.

Jerry Palino

Dr. Palino has been a Principal Consultant with NWT since 1979. From 1974 to 1979, he was
associated with General Electric's Nuclear Energy Division. Prior to joining GE, Dr.
Palino taught chemistry, radio-chemistry and engineering courses at San Jose State
University, at Harvey Mudd College and at the Federal University of Rio de Janiero. Since
joining NWT, Dr. Palino's responsibilities have included technical management of PWR
primary and secondary system chemistry studies and BWR radiation level assessment and
control programs. He also has developed and presented training courses for BWR and PWR
chemistry staffs and has worked in the areas of radwaste treatment, volume reduction,
tracer calibration of flowmeters, condensate demineralization and quantification of
moisture carryover from PWR steam generators.

Hank Helmholz

Mr. Helmholz began his nuclear industry career in 1951 at Hanford. He subsequently joined
the Case Institute of Technology where he organized the radiochemistry program and taught
courses in nuclear chemistry. After several years at KAPL and at NRTS at Idaho Falls,
where he supervised the S5G chemistry laboratory, he joined GE-Vallecitos and assumed
responsibility for design and performance of chemical test programs at operating BWRs.
Since joining NWT in 1981, he has had responsibility for numerous projects in the
chemistry and radiochemistry areas including development of radioanalytical procedures,
laboratory reviews, training course development and presentation, and assessments of solid
waste radioassay techniques, radwaste dose rate to curie conversions, ventilation
monitoring, and fuel failure modes.

CLASS SCHEDULE: Classes will be held from 8:15 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Monday through Thursday with one hour for lunch and 8:15 to noon on Friday.

ENROLLMENT: Course enrollments are limited to 10. Reservations
can be made by phone 408-281-1100, fax 408-578-0790,
e-mail or
Enrollment Form. If you prefer, discuss your interests with
the Program Director.

FEE: The $1,900 course fee includes all course material, break
refreshments, lunches (4) and one scheduled dinner. Lodging and other meals are NOT
INCLUDED. A Certificate of Participation is provided to each participant.
Payment or Purchase order is due within 30 days of enrollment. Fee is non-refundable
unless the class is canceled. Alternates may be substituted for the enrollee at any time.

NWT Corporation reserves the right to cancel this class within two
weeks of start date if fewer than six students are enrolled.

LOCATION/LODGING: The class will be held at the NWT offices in
San Jose, California. Information on San Jose area hotels will be provided with enrollment
confirmation.

ON SITE TRAINING SESSIONS: For information about holding this
seminar at your site, employing plant specific data and system design information, please
contact the Program Director. Customized reduced length seminars also can be developed.

ALTERNATE COURSE AVAILABLE: The following NWT course also is
intermittently offered at our San Jose offices:

This course also can be customized for specific plants and held at
the plant site or corporate office. One or two day seminars on specific subjects or
directed at specific utility personnel also can be developed.