Cover

Title Page, Copyright

Contents

Acknowledgments

My work on this book began in the academic year 2000–2001 with the
generous support of the Warburg Post-Doctorate Fellowship at the Mandel
Institute of Jewish Studies in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. During
this year I initiated a systematic search...

Introduction

My work on this book began in the academic year 2000–2001 with the
generous support of the Warburg Post-Doctorate Fellowship at the Mandel
Institute of Jewish Studies in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. During
this year I initiated a systematic search...

Part 1. Germany: 1929–38

1. In Search of the Meaning of the Misfortune

During the Weimar Republic in the 1920s and early 1930s, German Jews
found themselves in a very confusing situation. By 1919 Germany had
become a democratic republic. On the one hand, it seemed that the new
regime had fulfilled, for the first time, its promise of complete emancipation.
Many of the institutional frameworks...

2. The Creation of a Usable Past

The turn toward Jewish history in the first years of the Nazi regime was
reflected not just in the programmatic writings of rabbis and public
spokespeople such as Joachim Prinz, Bruno Weil, Fritz Friedländer, and Simon
Schwab....

Part 2. France: 1932–40

3. Facing the Crisis at Home and Abroad

In the period between World War I and World War II, French Jewry was
divided into two main groups: native French Jews and the east European
immigrants. Each of these groups, neither of which was monolithic within
itself, maintained its own organizational frameworks and political culture.
Their spokespeople reported and interpreted the daily developments...

4. From the Anschluss to the Anniversary of the Revolution

The Anschluss of Austria by the Nazi regime in March 1938 was a crucial
turning point that not only was felt in the international arena and contributed
to the escalation toward war but also affected the internal politics of
France. On March 10, 1938, on the eve of the German invasion of Austria,
French prime minister Camille Chautemps submitted...

Part 3. Hungary: 1933–44

5. Facing the Decline of Emancipation: Hungarian Jews in the 1930s

In the second half of the nineteenth century, primarily from 1867 when
Hungary granted its Jews full emancipation, a major Jewish movement
emerged that was profoundly committed to the ethos of integration and
emancipation. First and foremost within this camp were the Neolog (liberal)
communities, headed by the community of Pest...

6. In the Shadow of the Holocaust

In the short term, the outbreak of World War II had little influence on the
life and status of Hungarian Jews. This was because the country—despite
its diplomatic treaty with Germany—was not really involved in the war.
In the last months of 1939 and the first months of 1940, Hungarian Jews
were thus coping primarily...

Conclusion

The decline of liberalism, the rise of Fascism and Nazism, and most of
all the growing anti-Semitic threat drove European Jewish leaders and
public activists to develop an intensive and complicated historical discourse.
In many respects this passionate preoccupation with the past served to preserve
ideas and tendencies that had characterized...

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