https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-139-2019
<b>A full waveform current recorder for electrical prospecting</b><br>
Kai Chen and Sheng Jin<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 139-147, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-139-2019, 2019<br>
The existing current recorder is inadequate for continuous recording, precision, bandwidth, dynamic range, and input range. A new full waveform current recorder that is ideal for measuring current signal for electrical prospecting applications is presented. The full waveform current recorder is capable of measuring current with bandwidth from DC to 10&thinsp;kHz, with a power spectrum density noise floor of 10&thinsp;A/rt(Hz) at 10&thinsp;Hz.
2019-05-23T17:35:16+02:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-7
<b>A Tethered And Navigated Air Blimp (TANAB) for observing themicroclimate over a complex terrain</b><br>
Manoj K. Nambiar, Ryan A. E. Byerlay, Amir Nazem, M. Rafsan Nahian, Mohsen Moradi, and Amir A. Aliabadi<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-7,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 0 comments)<br>
A novel airborne sensing platform was developed for meteorological and land surface temperature measurements. The system is called the Tethered And Navigated Air Blimp (TANAB). This system was deployed at a complex mining facility in northern Canada to measure dynamics of the atmosphere in various diurnal times, latitudes, longitudes, and altitudes. It measured convective, neutral, and stable boundary layers up to 150&thinsp;m. It also measured land surface temperatures at a resolution of 1&thinsp;km by 1&thinsp;km.
2019-05-23T17:35:16+02:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-6
<b>In-situ measurements of the ice flow motion at Eqip Sermia Glacier using a remotely controlled UAV</b><br>
Guillaume Jouvet, Eef van Dongen, Martin P. Lüthi, and Andreas Vieli<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-6,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 1 comment)<br>
<p>Measuring the ice flow motion accurately is essential to better understand the time evolution of glaciers and ice sheets, and therefore to better anticipate the future consequence of climate change in terms of sea-level rise. Although there exist a variety of remote sensing methods to fill this task, in-situ measurements are always needed for validation or to capture high temporal resolution movements. Yet glaciers are in general hostile environments where the installation of instruments might be tedious and risky when not impossible. Here we report the first-ever in-situ measurements of ice flow motion using a remotely controlled Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). We used a multicopter UAV to land on a highly crevassed area of Eqip Sermia Glacier, West Greenland, to measure the displacement of the glacial surface with the aid of an on-board differential GNSS receiver. Despite the unfortunate loss of the UAV, we measured approximately 70&thinsp;cm of displacement over 4.36 hours without setting foot onto the glacier &ndash; a result validated by applying UAV photogrammetry and template matching techniques. Our study demonstrates that UAVs are promising instruments for in-situ monitoring, and have a great potential for capturing short-term ice flow variations in inaccessible glaciers &ndash; a task that remote sensing techniques can hardly achieve.</p>
2019-05-13T17:35:16+02:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-15
<b>Low-Noise Permalloy Ring-Cores for Fluxgate Magnetometers</b><br>
David M. Miles, Miroslaw Ciurzynski, David Barona, B. Barry Narod, John R. Bennest, Andy Kale, Marc Lessard, David K. Milling, Joshua Larson, and Ian R. Mann<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-15,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 0 comments)<br>
Fluxgate magnetometers provide magnetic field measurements for geophysics and space physics. A low-noise ferromagnetic ring-core typically determines the noise performance of the instrument. Much of the basic research into producing low-noise fluxgate sensors was completed in the 1960s for military purposes and was never publicly released. We present a manufacturing approach that can consistently produce fluxgate ring-cores with noise performance comparable to the legacy ring-cores used today.
2019-05-09T17:35:16+02:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-129-2019
<b>A network of magnetometers for multi-scale urban science and informatics</b><br>
Trevor A. Bowen, Elena Zhivun, Arne Wickenbrock, Vincent Dumont, Stuart D. Bale, Christopher Pankow, Gregory Dobler, Jonathan S. Wurtele, and Dmitry Budker<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 129-138, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-129-2019, 2019<br>
We highlight the development of a low-cost portable sensor array to study magnetic fields in urban areas. Recent advancements in urban science have demonstrated significant utility in characterizing a city based on physical measurements. Magnetic fields of cities are characterized by significant noise; in the case of the San Francisco Bay Area, this noise is dominated by the BART train system. We demonstrate an ability to identify and extract BART noise from the urban magnetic environment.
2019-05-08T17:35:16+02:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-14
<b>Method for testing the calibration of acceleration and pressure gauges installed at the ocean bottom</b><br>
Mikhail Nosov, Viacheslav Karpov, Sergey Kolesov, Kirill Sementsov, Hiroyuki Matsumoto, and Yoshiyuki Kaneda<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-14,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 0 comments)<br>
Nowadays ocean-bottom observatories, equipped with acceleration and pressure gauges (seismometers and tsunameters), became widespread. We suggest simple and reliable method for remote testing the calibration of the gauges installed at the ocean bottom. The method is extremely convenient for practice, since, besides measured quantities, it involves a sole physical constant &ndash; the gravity acceleration.
2019-05-08T17:35:16+02:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-13
<b>Evaluations of an ocean bottom electro-magnetometer and preliminary results offshore NE Taiwan</b><br>
Ching-Ren Lin, Chih-Wen Chiang, Kuei-Yi Huang, Yu-Hung Hsiao, Po-Chi Chen, Hsu-Kuang Chang, Jia-Pu Jang, Kun-Hui Chang, Feng-Sheng Lin, Saulwood Lin, and Ban-Yuan Kuo<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-13,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 0 comments)<br>
<p>The first stage of field experiments involving the design and construction of a low-power consumption ocean bottom electro-magnetometer (OBEM) has been completed. To improve the performance of the OBEM, we rigorously evaluated each of its units, e.g., the data loggers, acoustic parts, internal wirings, and magnetic and electric sensors, to eliminate unwanted events such as unrecovered or incomplete data. The evaluations of the procedure included the following. <li>Data logger: digitizer sensitivity, linearity, and errors</li> <li>Acoustic transceiver: “ENABLE,” “DISABLE,” “RANGE,” “RELEASE1,” “RELEASE2,” and “OPTION1” functions</li> <li>Magnetic sensor: sensitivity of the fluxgate and orthogonality</li> <li>Electrical receiver: potential voltage, impedance, and frequency responses</li> <li>Power consumption: the maximum operating current of two sets of batteries</li> <li>Deployment and recovery procedures on deck</li> We confirmed the optimal performance of the OBEM after repeatedly testing the procedures.</p> <p>The first offshore deployment of the OBEM together with ocean bottom seismographs (OBSs) was performed in NE Taiwan, where the water depth is approximately 1,400 m. The total intensity of the magnetic field (TMF) measured by the OBEM varied in the range of 44,100&ndash;44,150&thinsp;nT, which corresponded to the proton magnetometer measurements. The daily variations of the magnetic field were recorded using the two horizontal components of the OBEM magnetic sensor. We found that the inclinations and magnetic data of the OBEM varied with two observed earthquakes when compared to the OBS data. The potential fields of the OBEM were slightly, but not obviously, affected by the earthquakes.</p>
2019-05-08T17:35:16+02:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2018-46
<b>A Universal and Multi-dimensional Model for Analytical Data on
Geological Samples</b><br>
Yutong He, Di Tian, Hongxia Wang, Li Yao, and Pengfei Chen<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2018-46,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 0 comments)<br>
A universal data model is a core to converge the big geoanalytical data. We studied every geoanalytical instruments, geological samples and geoanalytical results and give a summarization of comprehensive geoanalytical data. We abstracted the data contents and designed the data model. It can be used for construction of any geoanalytical data management system, data sharing system or database by professional or amateurish developers. Morever, we highly improved the efficiency of the data model.
2019-05-08T17:35:16+02:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2018-51
<b>Development of a distributed hybrid seismic-electrical data acquisition system based on NB-IoT technology</b><br>
Wenhao Li, Qisheng Zhang, Qimao Zhang, Feng Guo, Shuaiqing Qiao, Shiyang Liu, Yueyun Luo, Yuefeng Niu, and Xing Heng<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2018-51,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 2 comments)<br>
The non-uniqueness of geophysical inversions, which is based on a single geophysical method, is a long-standing problem in geophysical exploration. This paper developed a distributed, multi-channel, and high-precision data acquisition system. It can achieve high-precision hybrid acquisition of seismic-electrical data and monitor the real-time quality of data acquisition processes using NB-IoT technology. The equivalent input noise is 0.5&thinsp;µV and the synchronization accuracy is within 200&thinsp;ns.
2019-04-29T17:35:16+02:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-12
<b>Development of a new distributed hybrid seismic-electrical data
acquisition station based on system–on-a-programmable-chip
technology</b><br>
Qisheng Zhang, Wenhao Li, Feng Guo, Zhenzhong Yuan, Shuaiqing Qiao, and Qimao Zhang<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-12,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 3 comments)<br>
Complex and harsh exploration environments have put forward higher requirements for traditional geophysical exploration methods and instruments. In this study, a new distributed seismic-electrical hybrid acquisition station is developed, and it can achieve high-precision hybrid acquisition of seismic-electrical data. The synchronization precision of the acquisition station is better than 200&thinsp;ns, and the maximum low-power data transmission speed is 16&thinsp;Mbps along a 55&thinsp;m cable.
2019-04-26T17:35:16+02:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-8
<b>A user-orientated column modelling framework for efficient analyses of the Martian atmosphere</b><br>
Mark Paton, Ari-Matti Harri, Oliver Vierkens, and Hannu Savijärvi<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-8,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 1 comment)<br>
A software application for streamlining investigations of the Martian atmosphere is described. The main components are a 1D model of the Martian atmosphere, observations of the Martian atmosphere and a software wrapper. We verify our model using the application. The model and observations agree except over the winter solstice where mechanical heating of the atmosphere, from downward flowing air, is likely warming the atmosphere. We update our model to include this effect.
2019-04-03T17:35:16+02:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-113-2019
<b>Automatic detection of calving events from time-lapse imagery at Tunabreen, Svalbard</b><br>
Dorothée Vallot, Sigit Adinugroho, Robin Strand, Penelope How, Rickard Pettersson, Douglas I. Benn, and Nicholas R. J. Hulton<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 113-127, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-113-2019, 2019<br>
This paper presents a novel method to quantify the sizes and frequency of calving events from time-lapse camera images. The calving front of a tidewater glacier experiences different episodes of iceberg deliveries that can be captured by a time-lapse camera situated in front of the glacier. An automatic way of detecting calving events is presented here and compared to manually detected events.
2019-03-29T17:35:16+01:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-9
<b>In-situ Calibration of Offsetting Magnetometer Feedback Transients on the Cassiope Spacecraft</b><br>
David M. Miles, Andrew D. Howarth, and Greg A. Enno<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-9,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: final response, 2 comments)<br>
Measurements from the magnetic field instrument on the Cassiope spacecraft were found to be degraded by an artifact of how the instrument tracks the changing magnetic field as the spacecraft orbits the Earth. We present a process to characterize this effect on-orbit and compensate for it in the post processing of the data. This work allows the instrument to accurately track rapidly changing local fields without loss of measurement fidelity and improves the high-frequency noise of the data.
2019-03-26T17:35:16+01:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-97-2019
<b>Artifacts from manganese reduction in rock samples prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) slicing for X-ray microspectroscopy</b><br>
Dorothea S. Macholdt, Jan-David Förster, Maren Müller, Bettina Weber, Michael Kappl, A. L. David Kilcoyne, Markus Weigand, Jan Leitner, Klaus Peter Jochum, Christopher Pöhlker, and Meinrat O. Andreae<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 97-111, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-97-2019, 2019<br>
Focused ion beam (FIB) slicing is a widely used technique to prepare ultrathin slices for the microanalysis of geological and environmental samples. During our investigations of the manganese oxidation states in rock varnish slices, we found an FIB-related reduction of manganese(IV) to manganese(II) at the samples’ surfaces. This study characterizes the observed reduction artifacts and emphasizes that caution is needed in the analysis of transition metal oxidation states upon FIB preparation.
2019-03-14T17:35:16+01:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2018-35
<b>Instrument observation strategy of new generation three-axis
stabilized geostationary meteorological satellite of China</b><br>
Jian Shang, Pan Huang, Huizhi Yang, Chengbao Liu, Jing Wang, Lei Zhao, Shengxiong Zhou, Xiaodong Chen, Lei Yang, and Zhiqing Zhang<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2018-35,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 4 comments)<br>
Towards the complex observation requirements of Fengyun-4 (FY-4) satellite, the new generation of geostationary meteorological satellite of China, instrument observation strategies are proposed, on which the instruments' in orbit daily observations must be based. The strategies have been successfully used in FY-4A in-orbit test for more than a year. Both the simulation results and in-orbit application results are given to demonstrate the validity of the strategies.
2019-03-13T17:35:16+01:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-3
<b>Daedalus: A Low-Flying Spacecraft for the Exploration of the Lower Thermosphere - Ionosphere</b><br>
Theodoros E. Sarris, Elsayed R. Talaat, Minna Palmroth, Iannis Dandouras, Errico Armandillo, Guram Kervalishvili, Stephan Buchert, David Malaspina, Allison Jaynes, Nikolaos Paschalidis, John Sample, Jasper Halekas, Stylianos Tourgaidis, Vaios Lappas, Mark Clilverd, Qian Wu, Ingmar Sandberg, Anita Aikio, and Panagiotis Pirnaris<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-3,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 0 comments)<br>
Daedalus targets to measure the largely unexplored area between Earth's atmosphere and space. Here, intriguing and complex processes govern the deposition, transformation and transport of energy. The aim is to quantify this energy by measuring, for example, effects caused by electrodynamic processes in this region. The concept is based on a mother satellite which carries a suite of instruments along with smaller satellites carrying a subset of instruments that are released into the atmosphere.
2019-03-07T17:35:16+01:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2018-48
<b>Development of a New Centralized Data Acquisition System for Seismic Exploration</b><br>
Feng Guo, Qisheng Zhang, Qimao Zhang, Wenhao Li, Yueyun Luo, Yuefeng Niu, and Shauiqing Qiao<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2018-48,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: final response, 2 comments)<br>
The CUGB-CS48DAS data acquisition system was designed for seismic purpose at first. However, we tried to integrate the acquisition circuit and after several hardware improvements and software updates, it can be used now for seismic exploration as well as electrical prospecting.
It has good application effects in engineering geology, mineral geology and energy geology, and is suitable for exploration tasks in coalfields, petroleum, minerals, earthquake monitoring and urban construction, etc.
2019-03-06T17:35:16+01:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-4
<b>How much solar wind data are sufficient for accurate fluxgate magnetometer offset determinations?</b><br>
Ferdinand Plaschke<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-2019-4,2019<br>
<b>Manuscript under review for GI</b> (discussion: open, 1 comment)<br>
Measuring the magnetic field on-board spacecraft requires regular in-flight calibrations activities. Among those, determining of the output of magnetometers under vanishing ambient magnetic fields, the so-called magnetometer offsets, is essential. Typically, characteristic rotations in solar wind magnetic fields are used to obtain these offsets. This paper addresses the question of how much solar wind data are needed to reach certain accuracy levels in offset determination.
2019-03-01T17:35:16+01:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-77-2019
<b>Description of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) station at the Izaña Observatory (2009–2017): measurements and quality control/assurance procedures</b><br>
Rosa Delia García, Emilio Cuevas, Ramón Ramos, Victoria Eugenia Cachorro, Alberto Redondas, and José A. Moreno-Ruiz<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 77-96, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-77-2019, 2019<br>
IZA is a high-mountain station located in Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain, at 28.3º&thinsp;N, 16.5º&thinsp;W; 2373&thinsp;m&thinsp;a.s.l.) and is a representative site of the subtropical North Atlantic free troposphere. It contributes with basic-BSRN radiation measurements, such as, global shortwave radiation, direct radiation, diffuse radiation and longwave downward radiation and extended-BSRN measurements, including ultraviolet ranges, shortwave upward radiation and longwave upward radiation.
2019-02-13T17:35:16+01:00https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-63-2019
<b>Advanced calibration of magnetometers on spin-stabilized spacecraft based on parameter decoupling</b><br>
Ferdinand Plaschke, Hans-Ulrich Auster, David Fischer, Karl-Heinz Fornaçon, Werner Magnes, Ingo Richter, Dragos Constantinescu, and Yasuhito Narita<br>
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 8, 63-76, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-8-63-2019, 2019<br>
Raw output of spacecraft magnetometers has to be converted into meaningful units and coordinate systems before it is usable for scientific applications. This conversion is defined by 12 calibration parameters, 8 of which are more easily determined in flight if the spacecraft is spinning. We present theory and advanced algorithms to determine these eight parameters. They take into account the physical magnetometer and spacecraft behavior, making them superior to previously published algorithms.
2019-02-12T17:35:16+01:00