One of the most common questions asked of book dealers is..
how can I tell if it's a 1st ?
An in-depth study goes well beyond the parameters of a page - indeed beyond a life times work.
For a definitive guide you must consult a specific authors bibliography

What we have below is a basic rule of thumb guide - which will put you on the right track.
We hope you find is useful and welcome any comments or suggestions

Date The publication date is the natural starting point when when it comes to appraising your book.
Generally speaking you should not see dates other than the original publication date.
You may see two dates such as a copyright date and a 'First Published' date and these can differ slightly
though not usually by more than a year. You may also see a different date referring to publication in another country,
these are not necessarily problematic.

Printing StatementMost publishers are helpful when it comes this and clearly state: 'Second Edition' - 'Third Impression'
'Reprinted in...' etc etc. Clearly any mention of these terms indicates a reprint. However
things are often not so easy and a book can clearly state 'first edition' or 'first printed' without
mention of another edition or date and still be a reprint.
Publishers often reprinted using the same plates as the first, sometimes for years afterwards.

Undated Books If a book shows no dates at all then the balance of probability suggests it more likely
to be a later edition. However, as usual, there are many exceptions. Specialised bibliographies
would need to be consulted before any final decision can be made. A very useful resource in recent years
is the online access to the world's reference libraries
which will supply you with a publication date, and in many cases indicate whether or not that book was
dated or not.

Printers Key - Number Line A relatively new method of indicating edition status has been adopted by many publishers,
that being the printers key, often referred to as the number line. This method shows a line
of numbers on the copyright page, usually between 10 and 1. The sequence of the numbers varies between
publishers but the basic principal remains the same (apart from a few exceptions) a
first issue-edition-impression requires the presence of the number 1.For example
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 indicates a first printing. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 would indicate a second printing and so forth.

Dust Wrappers - Jackets To make life yet more difficult as well as ascertaining that status of your book
you also need to do the same for the dustwrapper or jacket. As mentioned previously
reprints can appear the same as firsts with differences shown only on the dw. Always
check for reviews or for titles post dating the book. The published price can often be an issue
when it comes to later or so called cheap editions. There are genuine issue points on some jackets
that determine the printing of the book but the biggest potential problem is when later state wrappers
find their way onto first edition books. This can usually be determined by rudimentary checks though
specialised bibliographies may need to be consulted

Book Club EditionsBook club editions are a source of great confusion to many and are regularly mis-sold as
first editions, usually out of ignorance but occasionally not ! For collectors of UK first
editions this is less of a problem than it is for collectors of American editions. UK book clubs
are usually clearly stated as such, there is an absence of original publisher logos, unpriced jackets etc.
Very often the books are much smaller in size or indeed a completely different format.
Things are very much more complex when it comes to American firsts when a book may appear exactly the
same as a first to the uninitiated. The complexities and variations are so great that it goes well beyond the scope
of this article to give a definitive guide. There are some excellent publications
however that can aid the collector with
specific issue points and we would recommend referring to them. The other safeguard is to buy from an
established and reputable dealer who can eliminate these concerns. Finally...Beware of an
apparent bargain, there is
seldom such a thing !