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Extension Mimeo F, no. 006 (Nov. 1951)

Page 001

PURDUE UNIVERSITY
Agricultural Experiment Station
Notes on Forestry and Wood-Use
LAFAYETTE, INDIANA
November, 1951 (5C) Mimeo. F-6
WASTE IN THE LOGGING, SAWMILLING AND REMANUFACTURE OF HARDWOOD TIMBER 1/
Allyn M. Herrick and Mario Martinelli Jr.,
Assistants in Forestry and Conservation
Under present market conditions, hardwood logging operations leave much of the total cubic volume of the tree in the woods in the fora of the stump, top, or in woods cull. Some of this logging waste is unavoidable under existing utilization standards; however, some waste results from poor planning and execution of the felling and bucking operations.
In order to determine logging waste, a detailed study was made of the volume of 101 hardwood trees of 13 species. These trees were cut from three areas in north central Indiana by the same logging crew. Woods waste per tree was found to vary with tree diameter, merchantable height and the ratio of merchantable height to total height. Minimum logging waste occurred with small trees which had a high proportion of the total height merchantable. As the diameter increased and the ratio of merchantable height to total height decreased, the volume of wood waste increased. See Table 1.
Table 1. Woods Waste as a Percentage of Total Tree Volume for the Average Merchantable Height
Diameter breast high Ratio Merchantable height to Total Height
.2 .3 .4 .5
18 Percent 59 Percent 51 Percent 37 Percent 21
24 63 56 46 30
30 67 61 54 42
36 70 65 59 50
The largest component of woods waste was top volume. Forty-three percent of the total cubic volume of the hardwood trees measured was made up of the limbs and branches of the top. Another 5 percent of the tree volume was left in the form of stumps.
1/ Waste as used here means all fractions of a hardwood tree (except bark and limbs less than 4 inches in diameter) or of lumber cut from the logs, that are unused
ultimately for end products.

PURDUE UNIVERSITY
Agricultural Experiment Station
Notes on Forestry and Wood-Use
LAFAYETTE, INDIANA
November, 1951 (5C) Mimeo. F-6
WASTE IN THE LOGGING, SAWMILLING AND REMANUFACTURE OF HARDWOOD TIMBER 1/
Allyn M. Herrick and Mario Martinelli Jr.,
Assistants in Forestry and Conservation
Under present market conditions, hardwood logging operations leave much of the total cubic volume of the tree in the woods in the fora of the stump, top, or in woods cull. Some of this logging waste is unavoidable under existing utilization standards; however, some waste results from poor planning and execution of the felling and bucking operations.
In order to determine logging waste, a detailed study was made of the volume of 101 hardwood trees of 13 species. These trees were cut from three areas in north central Indiana by the same logging crew. Woods waste per tree was found to vary with tree diameter, merchantable height and the ratio of merchantable height to total height. Minimum logging waste occurred with small trees which had a high proportion of the total height merchantable. As the diameter increased and the ratio of merchantable height to total height decreased, the volume of wood waste increased. See Table 1.
Table 1. Woods Waste as a Percentage of Total Tree Volume for the Average Merchantable Height
Diameter breast high Ratio Merchantable height to Total Height
.2 .3 .4 .5
18 Percent 59 Percent 51 Percent 37 Percent 21
24 63 56 46 30
30 67 61 54 42
36 70 65 59 50
The largest component of woods waste was top volume. Forty-three percent of the total cubic volume of the hardwood trees measured was made up of the limbs and branches of the top. Another 5 percent of the tree volume was left in the form of stumps.
1/ Waste as used here means all fractions of a hardwood tree (except bark and limbs less than 4 inches in diameter) or of lumber cut from the logs, that are unused
ultimately for end products.