PSA

PSA stands for prostate-specific antigen. It is a protein found in prostate cells. It can be detected at a low level in the blood of all adult men.

This article discusses the blood test to measure the amount of PSA in a man's blood.

Alternative Names

Prostate-specific antigen; Prostate cancer screening test

How the test is performed

Blood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.

Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.

How to prepare for the test

No special preparation is usually needed.

How the test will feel

When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a bruise.

Why the test is performed

This test is done to screen for prostate cancer. It is also used to monitor patients after prostate cancer treatment.

Several conditions besides cancer can cause the PSA level to rise, including:

Discuss with your doctor or health care provider whether a PSA test is appropriate for you.

Normal Values

Normal values vary with age. Older men typically have slightly higher PSA measurements than younger men. Men with a larger prostate will also have higher PSA values.

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.

What abnormal results mean

A high PSA level has been linked to an increased chance of having prostate cancer. However, a high PSA level does not mean that you definitely have prostate cancer. A high PSA level only identifies patients at higher risk of having prostate cancer. People at higher risk may need to have more tests.

A PSA of 4 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) is abnormally high for most men and may indicate the need for a prostate biopsy. For men under age 50, levels above 2 ng/mL may be too high. A significant rise from one year to the next may also indicate a higher risk of having prostate cancer.

Keep in mind that although PSA testing is an important tool for detecting prostate cancer, it is not foolproof.

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