In addition, it often triggers buy-to-enter stops for buyers who want to participate early on a break of a resistance level.

Also, breakouts can be emotional decision points wherein a sidelined or cautious buyer/bull finally can’t take the pain of missing out and the executes a “get me in at any price” order.

These factors generally trigger on a break of a key level, particularly a known level, but the “buy reasons” need to continue to sustain a breakout. In other words, it’s up to all participants – bulls and bears – to keep the breakout going.

Objectively, a breakthrough above a known resistance level is a fact – it either happens or it doesn’t.

Once a breakout occurs, we then look specifically to…

volume (is it higher than the recent average or lower),

market internals (are they similarly spiking to new highs, confirming the breakout, or are they diverging and thus dis-confirming it?)

price itself (are there multiple impulse or ‘buy’ bars or do we see price-bar overlap or choppiness)

Among other factors, these are the main chart-based factors to assess the probability of a breakout continuing or reversing (triggering a Bull Trap outcome).

If volume is lower than average, market internals diverge with price, and we see a consolidation/sideways price pattern as opposed to a straight-up impulse, it greatly increases the probability that the outcome (immediate future) will be that of a Trap as opposed to a sustained breakout.

The final piece of the puzzle is a return back under the breakout level – in this case 1,700 – which flips the supply/demand dynamic suddenly.

Buyers are trapped and thus forced to liquidate/sell while short-sellers who were stopped out may become emboldened and execute aggressive short-sell orders as the market moves further away (down) from the breakout level.