aData are pooled over five 30 cm distance increments from Palmer amaranth and runs (years) of the experiment. Abbreviations: GR, glyphosate resistant; GS, glyphosate susceptible.bMeans within a parameter and analysis followed by the same letter are not significantly different according to Fisher’s Protected LSD test at 𝑃≤0.05.cConsists of six Palmer amaranth biotypes.dConsists of a group of three glyphosate-resistant and a group of three glyphosate-susceptible Palmer amaranth biotypes.