Courses Details

MRI TECHNOLOGY

Magnetic resonance imaging is a medical imaging technique used in
radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes
of the body in both health and disease. MRI scanners use strong magnetic
fields, electric field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the
organs in the body. MRI does not involve X-rays and the use of ionizing
radiation, which distinguishes it from CT or CAT scans. Magnetic
resonance imaging is a medical application of nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR). NMR can also be used for imaging in other NMR applications such
as NMR spectroscopy.

While the hazards of X-rays are now well-controlled in most medical
contexts, MRI may still be seen as a better choice than CT. MRI is widely
used in hospitals and clinics for medical diagnosis, staging of disease and
follow-up without exposing the body to radiation. However, MRI may often
yield different diagnostic information compared with CT. There may be
risks and discomfort associated with MRI scans. Compared with CT
scans, MRI scans typically take longer and are louder, and they usually
need the subject to enter a narrow, confining tube. In addition, people with
some medical implants or other non-removable metal inside the body may
be unable to undergo an MRI examination safely.

MRI was originally called 'NMRI' (nuclear magnetic resonance imaging)
and is a form of NMR, though the use of 'nuclear' in the acronym was
dropped to avoid negative associations with the word. Certain atomic
nuclei are able to absorb and emit radio frequency energy when placed in
an external magnetic field. In clinical and research MRI, hydrogen atoms
are most often used to generate a detectable radio-frequency signal that
is received by antennas in close proximity to the anatomy being examined.
Hydrogen atoms exist naturally in people and other biological organisms in
abundance, particularly in water and fat. For this reason, most MRI scans
essentially map the location of water and fat in the body. Pulses of radio
waves excite the nuclear spin energy transition, and magnetic field
gradients localize the signal in space. By varying the parameters of the
pulse sequence, different contrasts may be generated between tissues
based on the relaxation properties of the hydrogen atoms therein.

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