Birthstone Month:
Sapphire is the birthstone for the month of September.

Zodiac:
Sapphire is associated with the zodiac signs of Aries, Cancer, Libra, and Taurus.

Chemical Symbol:
Al2O3 + Fe2+ & Ti4+

Chemical Make-up:
Sapphire is a form of Aluminium Oxide known as Corundum. Pure Corundum is in fact clear, and Pink Corundum, or Pink Sapphire, is made up of Corundum (Al2O3), and
traces of Titanium Oxide, which account for the pink coloration.

History & Lore:
The name Corundum is believed to originate from either the Indian word kauruntaka,
or the Sanskrit word kurivinda. Sapphire, the name for this particular type of Corundum
is taken from the Latin word sapphirus, meaning “blue”.

It was the belief of the ancient Persians that the Earth actually rested on an enormous
Sapphire and that the reflection from this Sapphire was what gave the sky its blue
coloration. Sapphire has been the pre-eminent blue gemstone for centuries since.

Sapphire is a powerful stone that can take negative emotions and feelings and transform
them into peace, love and joy. Sapphire is a very helpful gemstone, often used to
treat skin and eye disorders, and to ward off infection. In addition to this, Sapphire
has long been regarded as a symbol of constancy and sincerity. Sapphire bestows
innocence, truth and good health, and has traditionally been a popular choice amongst
Royalty, often having been used in Engagement Rings as an alternative to Diamonds.

Sapphire aids the wearer with opening the third-eye chakra, and is an aid to getting
inside the sub-conscious mind, as well as being a gemstone said to attract divine
favor.

Availability:
It is an extremely hard and a very expensive exercise trying to source natural Sapphires
that have not been heat-treated as these gems are amongst the most valuable
gemstones known today. However, thanks to modern gemstone enhancements and treatments,
it is now possible to own wonderful, heat-treated natural Sapphires that
are both available to meet demand, and priced at a level making this beautiful gemstone
attainable / available to most people. Blue Sapphires are the most valuable, followed by Pink
and Padparadscha Sapphires. Pink Sapphires over one carat are extremely rare and
are subsequently quite expensive.

Sources:
Whilst today's main sources of Sapphire are Africa, Australia, Myanmar (Burma),
Sri Lanka (Ceylon), Thailand and the United States (Montana, North Carolina), there
are also known Sapphire deposits in Brazil, Cambodia, India, Madagascar, Tanzania
and Vietnam.

The highest quality and most desirable Sapphires are those that originate in India,
Myanmar (Burma), and Sri Lanka (Ceylon). Sapphires from India and Myanmar (Burma),
are highly prized for their pure blue colors and stones from these regions are priced
accordingly, often at collectors prices, particularly if there is documentation
available to prove the origin of the Sapphire. Sri Lankan (Ceylon) Sapphires are
sought after for both their delightful pastel blue and fancy colored variations.

Evaluation:
Sapphire is rated at 9 on the Moh's Scale of Hardness and is second only to the
Diamond in this regard. Sapphires therefore are perfectly suited to all jewelry purposes / uses and is a very hard-wearing, durable and versatile gemstone
suitable for everyday wear.

When thinking of Sapphire, most people immediately think of, and prefer, a blue
gemstone. Sapphire is however actually much more than just a blue gem and is found
in various colors including, black, blues, browns, colorless, pink, orange, peach,
purple, violet, white and yellow. Lighter in color than the Ruby, Pink Sapphires
can range from a pale baby pink, to the more valuable bright hot pink, The best
Pink Sapphires should be uniform in color with no secondary overtones such as brown
or lavender.

When buying Sapphires, color, clarity and size are the main considerations and those
that have the most effect upon overall worth. Pay particular attention to color
- look for a stone that displays intense, uniform coloration with no overtones or
secondary colors. The purer the color, the more valuable the Sapphire is considered.

Common Cuts:
Being an extremely hard gemstone that is very well-suited to jewelry purposes, Sapphires
are cut
into almost all of the known gemstone cuts, with Cushion, Emerald, Pear and Oval
cuts being particularly popular.

Routine Enhancements:
Almost all Sapphires found on the market today have been heat-treated in order to
intensify color and remove “silk”, small inclusions present in most natural Sapphires.
This method of treatment is considered permanent and color should
not fade over time.

Care & Cleaning:
Sapphires are a very tough, durable gemstone and can safely be cleaned
with
soapy water or commercial solvent and a brush, and can also safely be cleaned
using most modern mechanical cleaners. Do however avoid subjecting Sapphires
to prolonged exposure
to strong heat or light sources, particularly with regard
to heat-treated gems, as prolonged exposure may cause permanent changes in coloration.