5 Hard Truths About User-Generated Content

When you spend every waking moment for the past two years thinking about user-generated content as it relates to customer engagement, you start to look at the world a little differently.

Since starting BYLINED, I now see the world through the lens of engagement, reach, ROI, usage rights, and metadata – especially usage rights and metadata.

I see campaigns like the “Shot on iPhone 6” that are incredibly engaging and inspiring. I also see influencer marketing campaigns gone wrong, or read about brands inappropriately using photos without permission, and ask myself, “What in the world were they thinking?”

After thousands of hours researching and interviewing brands and their customers, here are the five hard truths behind user-generated content (UGC):

1. UGC campaigns today squarely benefit networks and not brands.

UGC campaigns can certainly help brands generate a bit of reach, some can even hypothesize an ROI around reach. However, when you consider all of the effort brands put into driving user-generated content… the thousands of hours spent creating #hashtagcampaigns… the tens of thousands of dollars spent on #influencermarketing campaigns… Unfortunately, all of the work involved in the current process for driving UGC is largely for naught in the long-term.

Why for naught? Because when brands run UGC campaigns on social networks, they are effectively giving away all of the content they worked so hard to create.

My friend Erik and I were discussing this very issue recently, he put it this way:

“Running a hashtag campaign for earned UGC is a bit like running a marathon but stopping 100 feet before the finish line…all the time, effort and resources to create a hashtag campaign should yield more than just brand touches and exposure. It should also generate a stockpile of amazing, owned UGC that will be worth their weight in gold to a creative brand manager.”

2. Permission: Implied Usage Consent vs. Explicit Usage Consent

One workaround to the issue of UGC ownership is to create the illusion of implied usage consent through the creation of hashtag campaigns. When fans and customers submit photos to hashtags, there’s an implied usage consent between the creator of the photo and the brand hosting the hashtag campaign. However, again, that consent is implied and not explicit consent.

Some brands will go as far as personally reaching out to their fans who post content to their hashtags, requesting explicit usage consent to reuse photos, particularly those photos that focus on an identifiable person (or model) and as a result, the brand would also request a model release.

As content creating customers become increasingly aware of the value of their content, brands will need to have the systems in place to support the collection of UGC with explicit usage consent.

No brand wants to face a $6 million lawsuit, such as Duane Reade incurred when they posted a photo, without permission, on Twitter of Katherine Heigl holding two of their bags.

3. “May we use this photo?” vs. “Did you take this photo?”

With either scenario (implied consent vs. explicit consent), it’s not the platform that hosted the hashtag campaign that owns the copyright. It’s also not the fan that posted content to the hashtag campaign.

It’s the person who actually took the photo that owns the rights to the photo. And in some rare cases, the monkey that took the photo. A macaque took a self-portrait in 2011 with a camera owned by photographer David Slater. PETA says the monkey owns the copyright; Slater says he does.

Many earned content platforms work with brands to request explicit consent by asking the question “May we use your photo?” The first question brands should (or must) ask is “Did you take this photo?”

4. Brands ultimately don’t own their metadata.

Copyright ownership ultimately belongs to the person who actually took the photo, the only surefire way to confirm ownership is through EXIF (Exchangeable Image File) metadata.

Think of an EXIF file as a fingerprint. No two are the same and they can provide incredibly valuable information behind each photo including ownership and provide a date stamp, time stamp, location stamp, image size, file size, and much more.

Metadata can also provide brands with deep insights into customer buying habits as well as the information necessary to build email lists and highly effective retargeting campaigns.
Unfortunately, when brands capture UGC from social platforms, they don’t capture or own the metadata behind the UGC.

As I mentioned in a previous AdAge article, “If content is king, its metadata is heir to the throne.”

5. Authenticity > Endorsement Deals & the Instafamous

The practice of signing Hollywood stars for endorsement deals, paying influential style bloggers, and hiring Insta-famous celebs are far from endangered as they can be a predictable, effective way for a brand to get in front of a large, focused audience.

Brands shouldn’t fool themselves though — only the best such campaigns will ever feel natural and authentic.

For many brands the realness and authenticity of everyday customer stories to enhance brand awareness and influence purchasing decisions holds incredibly powerful potential as smart consumers want to buy from brands that speak and interact as everyday humans, not celebrities.

And as their content-creating customers become more aware of the value of their content, they too should have the opportunity to monetize their UGC by transferring UGC and metadata ownership to brands.

David Hunegnaw is a decade long, Columbus, OH-based entrepreneur and Founder of BYLINED, an on-demand photography platform built for brands and their fans. David is interested in all of the great startup activity happening in the Midwest, anything that goes fast, and a nice cold martini.

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