h-entry

h-entry is a simple, open format for episodic or datestamped content on the web. h-entry is often used with content intended to be syndicated, e.g. blog posts. h-entry is one of several open microformat standards suitable for embedding data in HTML.

h-entry is the microformats2 update to hAtom, in particular its "hentry" root class which itself was based on Atom's "entry" element. For an update to "hfeed" see h-feed.

Status

This is a Living Specification yet mature enough to encourage additional implementations and feedback. This specification has portions that are stable, draft, and proposed. Features are stable unless explicitly labeled draft or proposed, or in draft or proposed sections. Draft and proposed features are likely to change substantively. While substantive changes to stable features are unexpected, it is a living specification subject to substantive change by issues and errata filed in response to implementation experience, requiring consensus among participating implementers as part of an explicit change control process.

Per CC0, to the extent possible under law, the editors have waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this work. In addition, as of 2019-05-25, the editors have made this specification available under the Open Web Foundation Agreement Version 1.0.

Example

Here is a simple blog post example:

<article class="h-entry"><h1class="p-name">Microformats are amazing</h1><p>Published by <aclass="p-author h-card"href="http://example.com">W. Developer</a>
on <time class="dt-published"datetime="2013-06-13 12:00:00">13<sup>th</sup> June 2013</time></p><pclass="p-summary">In which I extoll the virtues of using microformats.</p><divclass="e-content"><p>Blah blah blah</p></div></article>

Parsed JSON:

{"items":[{"type":["h-entry"],"properties":{"name":["Microformats are amazing"],"author":[{"value":"W. Developer","type":["h-card"],"properties":{"name":["W. Developer"],"url":["http://example.com"]}}],"published":["2013-06-13 12:00:00"],"summary":["In which I extoll the virtues of using microformats."],"content":[{"value":"Blah blah blah","html":"<p>Blah blah blah</p>"}]}}]}

Get started

The class h-entry is a root class name that indicates the presence of an h-entry.

p-name, p-author, dt-published and the other h-entry property classnames listed below define properties of the h-entry.

Note: The purpose of an entry is to place it around both the explicitly written content (in the content property or in other specific properties for non-textual content or responses) and whatever else is the context for that content, including properties for when it was published and/or updated, who created it, tags or categorization, and links to what the content is a response to (perhaps with a quoted excerpt) and/or links to syndicated copies.

Properties

h-entry properties, inside an element with class h-entry. All properties are optional.

u-photo - one or more photos that is/are considered the primary content of the entry, unless there is a p-location h-card, which is still considered a "checkin" (i.e. with a photo). Otherwise the presence of a u-photo means the name of the entry should be interpreted as a caption on the photo, and the summary/content should be interpreted as a description of the photo.

Proposed Additions

The following properties are proposed additions based on various use-cases, such as existing link preview markup conventions, but are awaiting citations of use across multiple sites in the wild, and at least one reader / real world consuming code example:

if the p-location is also an embedded h-card, the entry is treated as a "checkin".

-1 Aaronpk 14:22, 19 January 2017 (UTC) this post is not a checkin, but has an h-card as the p-location property.

Note: As h-entry usage grows to express and consume different kinds of content, we expect additional properties may be proposed and iterated as demonstrated by real-world needs, usage, and interoperability.

Proposing and upgrading

How do you add proposed properties and then upgrade them to draft and then core properties?

p-location

FAQ

p-name of a note

same as the title element on the note permalink post page. When publishing a note on its own permalink post page, the contents of the note are likely abbreviated for the title of the page. The same abbreviation can be used for the p-name.

first sentence of the p-content/e-content property. It may be better for syndication and link-preview purposes to provide just the first sentence of the note as the p-name. Similarly if only a portion of the content is syndicated to other sites, that portion can be marked up as the p-summary.

venue an entry was posted from

How do you indicate a named venue where an entry was posted from? Like a restaurant or park.

address an entry was posted from

How do you indicate the address where an entry was posted from? Like a restaurant or park.

If the address is just part of a named venue, see above, use an h-card

Otherwise use an embedded h-adr microformat on a p-location property value.

lat long an entry was posted from

How do you indicate the latitude and longitude of where an entry was posted from?

If the location has a name in addition to latitude and longitude, see above, use an h-card

Otherwise if there is an address in addition to latitude and longitude, see above, use an h-adr

Otherwise use an embedded h-geo microformat on a p-location property value.

dt-published property and HTML5 time element

Does the dt-published property need to be a time element?

The dt-published property should be a <time> element so that you can take advantage of HTML5's "datetime" property.

This lets you specify a human-readable date in the value of the attribute, and the ISO8601 machine-readable date in the "datetime" property.

what is the bare minimum list of required properties on an h-entry

What is the bare minimum list of required properties on an h-entry?

No properties are explicitly required, but in practice a h-entry should have the following properties at a minimum for consumers:

name (can be implied)

url (can be implied)

published — if there is no "published" date for the "entry", then reconsider whether it is correct (or worth) marking it up as an entry.

What properties should an h-entry have in addition to the bare minimum?

Beyond the bare minimum, a typical h-entry should have the following as well:

content (or summary at least) - especially for structured content. For a plain text note, the content/summary (whichever is used) should be the same as the name, otherwise it will be implied from the text content of the root element.

name - for explicitly named/titled entries. Otherwise the entry is assumed to be a "title-less" note (like a tweet).

author - including a nested h-card with author details like name, photo, url.

Examples in the wild

Real world in the wild examples of sites and services that publish or consume h-entry:

Michiel de Jong marks up his profile and notes with h-entry and h-card on michielbdejong.com

Mike Taylor marks up his profile and blog posts with h-card and h-entry on bear.im

Erin Jo Ritchey marks up her profile, posts and comments using h-card, h-entry and h-cite with idno on erinjo.is

Jeena Paradies marks up his profile, blog posts, notes and comments using h-card, h-entry and h-cite on jeena.net

Andy Sylvester marks up his profile, blog posts and comments using h-card and h-entry on andysylvester.com (note: as of 2014-03-13 using h-entry for comments instead of correct h-cite --bw 14:44, 13 March 2014 (UTC))

rel=bookmark - parse as u-url. While not a class name nor typical microformats property, rel=bookmark was the only way to indicate an hentry permalink. Thus parsers should look for rel=bookmark hyperlinks inside an hentry, and take their "href" value as a value for a u-url property, including handling any relative URL resolution.

rel=tag - parse as p-category. While not a class name nor typical microformats property, rel=tag was the typical way to tag an hentry. Thus parsers should look for rel=tag hyperlinks inside an hentry, and take the last path segment of their "href" value as a value for a p-category property.

time.entry-date[datetime] - in the absence of published, parse as dt-published. parse for the first <time> element with class name of entry-date and non-empty datetime attribute inside an hentry, if there is no published property, use that time element's datetime attribute value for the dt-published property. Evidence: default WordPress themes 2011-2014([1][2][3][4]).

rel=author - in the absence of author, parse as u-author. While not a class name nor typical microformats property, rel=author was commonly used to link to an author's URL. Thus parsers should look for rel=author hyperlinks inside an hentry (or even on the same page, preceding the hentry), use the absolute version of it as a value for the u-author property if there is no "author" property. (citations to "hentry" examples in the wild that depend on rel=author needed to accepted this proposal. Note: default WordPress themes twentyeleven, twentytwelve, twentythirteen, twentyfourteen all use rel=author but only inside class="author vcard", and thus rel=author can be ignored since authorship is already picked up by existing author backcompat parsing.)

Compat FAQ

What about rel bookmark

Also asked as: Why use an h-entry u-url u-uid for permalinks when I have rel=bookmark?

A: tl;dr: use class="u-url u-uid" instead of rel=bookmark for post permalinks because it's simpler (fewer attributes), and works better across contexts (permalink page, recent posts on home page, collection of posts on archive pages).

rel=bookmark was the old hAtom way of marking up permalinks. Since then two factors have contributed to reducing use of rel inside microformats:

rel by typically* document scoped in HTML5 - thus making it inappropriate for use in microformats that are aggregated, e.g. a collection of posts on a home page or in monthly archives.

it is easier to always use class names for properties. When formats use two (or more!) attributes in HTML to specify properties, confusion results in lower data quality (of the markup and thus the stuff that is marked up). Thus per the microformats principle of simplicity, in microformats2 we only use class names for properties.

* even though rel=bookmark in particular is article-element / sectioning scoped in HTML5[5], it's a detail that typical authors are not going to remember, and thus it's not good to depend on it for any kind of format.

Why rename entry-title entry-summary entry-content

The entry-* classnames in classic hAtom were prefixed as such due to concerns about vocabulary overlap with the title (as in job title, completely separate semantic) property in hCard and the summary property in hCalendar (see: hAtom FAQ).

Following the simplicity principle, in microformats2, the aforementioned vagueness of title is dealt with by removing it. As name is now used consistently across all vocabularies as the property which “names” the microformat, it makes sense to use it to mark up the name of a post.

Likewise, adding entry- to summary doesn’t add any useful information, and in practice there have been no problems with blog post summaries overlapping with entry summaries, so it makes sense to simplify to summary. The same applies to entry-content simplified to content.

Related Work

Background

This work is based on the existing hAtom microformat, and extensive selfdogfooding in the indie web camp community.

change control

Minor editorial changes (e.g. fixing minor typos or punctuation) that do not change and preferably clarify the structure and existing intended meaning may be done by anyone without filing issues, requiring only a sufficient "Summary" description field entry for the edit. More than minor but still purely editorial changes may be made by an editor. Anyone may question such editorial changes by undoing corresponding edits without filing an issue. Any further reversion or iteration on such an editorial change must be done by filing an issue.

For the stable features of this document, substantive issue filing, resolution, and edits may be done by filing an issue and discussing them on the issue and on #microformats IRC with a link to the issue.

Because this is primarily a vocabulary specification, very few issues beyond the list of vocabulary have been filed or required any lengthy discussion. If such a non-trivial issue arises in the future, use the microformats2-parsing change control process to resolve them.

Beyond that, the following requirements must be met for adding or moving features (e.g. properties and values) to proposed, draft, or stable. File an issue to collect necessary citations for the requirements for each property being proposed or upgraded, explain how citations fulfill the requirements for the phase(s), get consensus on both (resolve any implementer objections) in the issue.

Proposed

Proposed features must provide documentation of what specific real world use-cases they are solving, preferably with a link to a step-by-step user scenario, e.g. demonstratable using existing non-standard / single-site / single-implementation tools.

Draft

Draft properties must in addition be published and consumed in the wild on the public web, demonstrate solving the use case for which they were proposed, and should provide citations of real world public web sites publishing and (other sites) consuming them, interoperably.

Stable

Stable features (e.g. Core Properties) must in addition be published and consumed in the wild on multiple sites by multiple implementations (3+ different sites and implementations for publishing and consuming). When a draft property reaches a critical mass of deployment by numerous sites and implementations (far beyond 3+), due to network effects and backward compatibility considerations it effectively becomes stable, since it becomes increasingly difficult to change it in any way and have so many sites and implementations also change.

For creating an entirely new vocabulary, and more details about how to research existing values, properties, document examples in the wild, etc., see the microformats process.