This fourth volume of the Iconicity series is, like its predecessors, devoted to the study of iconicity in language and literature in all its forms. Many of the papers turn the notion of iconicity 'inside-out', some suggesting that 'less-is-more'; others focus on the cognitive factors 'inside' the brain that are important for the iconic phenomena that are produced in the 'outside' world. In addition, this volume includes a paper related to iconicity in music and its interaction with language. Other papers range from the theoretical issues involved in the evolution of language, to those that offer many 'inside-out' claims, such as claiming that nouns are derived from pronouns, and as such should more properly be called 'pro-pronouns'. Also, this volume includes perhaps the first English-language analysis of the iconic aspects of sound symbolism in a prayer from the Koran. This is a truly interdisciplinary collection that should turn some of the notions of iconicity in language and literature 'outside-in' and 'inside-out'.

Iconicity or iconization? Probing the dynamic interface between language and perception Paul Bouissac pp.15-37 On the role of iconic motivation in conceptual metaphor: Has metaphor theory come full circle? Beate Hampe pp.39-66 Relative motivation in Gustave Guillaume's theory Philippe Monneret pp.67-78 The beginnings of iconicity in the work of F. T. Marinetti Peter Gahl pp.79-93

Frozen locutions - frozen dimensions: LEFT and RIGHT in English, German and Russian Doris Schönefeld pp.241-265 Some iconic correlations in language and their impact on the parole-langue dichotomy Pablo I. Kirtchuk-Halevi pp.267-286 The iconicity of infinitival complementation in Present-day English causatives Willem Hollmann pp.287-306 Linguistic representations of motion events: What is signifier and what is signified? Dan I. Slobin pp.307-322 Now you see it, now you don't: Imagic diagrams in the spatial mapping of signed (JSL) discourse William J. Herlofsky pp.323-345