Big tech companies compete over who can gather the most intelligence on their users Countries like Russia and China turn this information against their citizens Shutterstock ImageFlow The more tech companies know about their users the more effectively they can direct them to goods and services that they are likely to buy The more companies know about their users the more competitive they are in the market Custom-tailored capitalism is what has made Google Facebook Amazon and others the richest companies in the world This profit incentive has turned big tech into a competitive field of mass intelligence gathering The better and more comprehensive the data the higher profits will be But this business model what I consider spying machines has enormous potential to violate civil liberties Big tech is already being used abroad to enhance the power of repressive regimes as my work and others has shown While it is not presently a direct threat to US democracy I worry that the potential for future abuses exists so long as big tech remains largely unregulated Big techs spy machines Current news is rife with examples of data abuses In April NBC News broke a story detailing how Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg had used data gathered by the platform to support his friends and defeat his rivals This is not Facebooks first privacy PR nightmare In 2018 data firm Cambridge Analytica used a Facebook app to collect data profiles of over 87 million people which was later used to distribute targeted political advertising during elections Facebook is not alone in the data collection boom This May it was revealed that Snapchat employees were using the apps data to obtain location data pictures and email addresses without users consent A new book by former Harvard business professor Shoshana Zuboff goes into great detail of the practices of what she calls surveillance capitalism Zuboff writes Once we searched Google Now Google searches us The practice goes beyond someones taste in music or what they purchase on Amazon Apps created to help people through mental illness or quit smoking sell data to big tech companies These users could be potential targets for social stigmatization or targeted advertising that exacerbates heath problems rather than solving them In December The New York Times published an exposé on what one can learn about someone using their collated data from apps and smartphones By blending location tracking with other online behavior researchers were able to put together a detailed portrait of the most intimate details of users lives such as where their children go to school or who was cheating on their diet They could even tell which area of a nuclear power plant an individual worked in information that is typically classified Because of these revelations data that big tech collects poses a national security problem One open source researcher used data from Strava a fitness app to map US military bases around the world as soldiers tracked their runs Our devices are constantly telling companies where we are and what we are doing That is not always a good thing Anton Garin shutterstockcom For the worst-case scenarios look abroad Big tech is a highly unregulated sector of the economy Existing regulations have struggled to keep up with a rapidly innovating tech sector In some scenarios big techs capabilities are being used by dictators to craft a dystopian digital reality Autocratic governments around the world have already begun to use emerging technology to violate human rights China is a prime example China integrates AI biometric data and online activity to track and monitor dissidents and members of ethnic minority communities who are then sent to reeducation camps From my time researching the ways Russia uses these platforms to threaten democracy I am familiar with the worst-case scenarios of big techs capabilities Because platforms success is predicated on making information go viral the most successful content can also be some of the most divisive Russia believes that by disseminating enough false information about the most inflammatory areas of American politics it can sow chaos in the system Big tech is the perfect port of entry for such campaigns If Russian attacks on social media are combined with AI technology information attacks could become precision-guided Nefarious actors could gather the comprehensive profiles that surveillance capitalism has compiled over the years Fake news would then no longer speak to issues but to individuals appealing to what makes the user change their mind If a monopolistic tech company decided to fully embrace its capacity to spy on its users and leverage that data to a personal or political end the consequences for democracy could be catastrophic Americans got a taste of what an influence attack looks like during the 2016 US presidential election So long as big tech remains largely unregulated future influence attacks on American elections will become only more potent Big tech isnt going anywhere A surface-level solution to this privacy dilemma would be for people to decouple their online lives from these companies For example DuckDuckGo is an alternative search engine that does not compile user data and promises total privacy A new browser Brave has promised to pay users back for selling data to advertisers However these products are nowhere near as useful for a casual internet user than Google Simply choosing not to use Google is not that simple While there are many different companies in question they all hold near-monopolistic control over their corner of the market Amazon dominates online shopping Facebook dominates interacting with friends and causes Google dominates web browsing Individuals are thus faced with a choice Radically change their lifestyle and how they interact with the world or continue to be the target of big techs spy machines Oversight and regulation may seem dramatic and anti-growth at the moment but I believe that it is a necessary check on big tech before the worst of its potentials come true This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license Read the original article