Notes:
Abstract Several major shear zones trending WNW through the southern Tennant Creek goldfield show evidence for south up over north (reverse) movement during low temperature brittle-ductile shear. Total vertical displacements across two of these shears are around 1 km based on the apparent offset of a concordant porphyry. A thin-skinned linked fold-thrust model for the early deformation of the Tennant Creek goldfield is supported by the disharmonie fold profile shapes, the subhorizontal enveloping surface of folding and a shallow and relatively planar basement topography inferred from two-dimensional gravity modelling. Massive iron oxide deposits within the Warramunga Group, which host gold, copper and bismuth ore, formed during folding and reverse faulting, but the shear zones are neither unusually altered nor mineralised compared to the surrounding rocks emphasising the importance of chemical controls on ironstone formation, such as hematite-rich layers in the stratigraphy, rather than direct structural controls.

Notes:
Abstract The Southern Alps of New Zealand is an actively rising mountain belt which displays a thermal anomaly adjacent to the Alpine Fault, the Australian-Pacific plate boundary. Extensive fluid movement occurs in this uplift zone, resulting in metallic vein mineralization. Gold mineralization is confined to greenschist facies rocks, while younger veins in amphibolite facies rocks near the Alpine Fault are enriched in copper. Transport and deposition of metals in this complex hydrothermal system is governed by interaction between rising metamorphic fluids and downward-percolating meteoric fluid. Metamorphic fluids have equilibrated with graphitic schist country rock and are relatively reduced. Infiltration and mixing of meteoric water increases oxygen activity and decreases sulphur activity in the fluid. Oxidised meteoric water heats up and dissolves Cu during downward percolation. This Cu is deposited as the fluid becomes more reduced. Hence, there is a progressive increase in copper content in the middle portions of the hydrothermal system, especially in the more permeable highly fractured rocks near the Alpine Fault.