before determiner or pre-determiner capable of pronominal function (all, half)

DB2

plural before-determiner ( both)

DD

determiner (capable of pronominal function) (e.g any, some)

DD1

singular determiner (e.g. this, that, another)

DD2

plural determiner ( these,those)

DDQ

wh-determiner (which, what)

DDQGE

wh-determiner, genitive (whose)

DDQV

wh-ever determiner, (whichever, whatever)

EX

existential there

FO

formula

FU

unclassified word

FW

foreign word

GE

germanic genitive marker – (‘ or’s)

IF

for (as preposition)

II

general preposition

IO

of (as preposition)

IW

with, without (as prepositions)

JJ

general adjective

JJR

general comparative adjective (e.g. older, better, stronger)

JJT

general superlative adjective (e.g. oldest, best, strongest)

JK

catenative adjective (able in be able to, willing in be willing to)

MC

cardinal number,neutral for number (two, three..)

MC1

singular cardinal number (one)

MC2

plural cardinal number (e.g. sixes, sevens)

MCGE

genitive cardinal number, neutral for number (two’s, 100’s)

MCMC

hyphenated number (40-50, 1770-1827)

MD

ordinal number (e.g. first, second, next, last)

MF

fraction, neutral for number (e.g. quarters, two-thirds)

ND1

singular noun of direction (e.g. north, southeast)

NN

common noun, neutral for number (e.g. sheep, cod, headquarters)

NN1

singular common noun (e.g. book, girl)

NN2

plural common noun (e.g. books, girls)

NNA

following noun of title (e.g. M.A.)

NNB

preceding noun of title (e.g. Mr., Prof.)

NNL1

singular locative noun (e.g. Island, Street)

NNL2

plural locative noun (e.g. Islands, Streets)

NNO

numeral noun, neutral for number (e.g. dozen, hundred)

NNO2

numeral noun, plural (e.g. hundreds, thousands)

NNT1

temporal noun, singular (e.g. day, week, year)

NNT2

temporal noun, plural (e.g. days, weeks, years)

NNU

unit of measurement, neutral for number (e.g. in, cc)

NNU1

singular unit of measurement (e.g. inch, centimetre)

NNU2

plural unit of measurement (e.g. ins., feet)

NP

proper noun, neutral for number (e.g. IBM, Andes)

NP1

singular proper noun (e.g. London, Jane, Frederick)

NP2

plural proper noun (e.g. Browns, Reagans, Koreas)

NPD1

singular weekday noun (e.g. Sunday)

NPD2

plural weekday noun (e.g. Sundays)

NPM1

singular month noun (e.g. October)

NPM2

plural month noun (e.g. Octobers)

PN

indefinite pronoun, neutral for number (none)

PN1

indefinite pronoun, singular (e.g. anyone, everything, nobody, one)

PNQO

objective wh-pronoun (whom)

PNQS

subjective wh-pronoun (who)

PNQV

wh-ever pronoun (whoever)

PNX1

reflexive indefinite pronoun (oneself)

PPGE

nominal possessive personal pronoun (e.g. mine, yours)

PPH1

3rd person sing. neuter personal pronoun (it)

PPHO1

3rd person sing. objective personal pronoun (him, her)

PPHO2

3rd person plural objective personal pronoun (them)

PPHS1

3rd person sing. subjective personal pronoun (he, she)

PPHS2

3rd person plural subjective personal pronoun (they)

PPIO1

1st person sing. objective personal pronoun (me)

PPIO2

1st person plural objective personal pronoun (us)

PPIS1

1st person sing. subjective personal pronoun (I)

PPIS2

1st person plural subjective personal pronoun (we)

PPX1

singular reflexive personal pronoun (e.g. yourself, itself)

PPX2

plural reflexive personal pronoun (e.g. yourselves, themselves)

PPY

2nd person personal pronoun (you)

RA

adverb, after nominal head (e.g. else, galore)

REX

adverb introducing appositional constructions (namely, e.g.)

RG

degree adverb (very, so, too)

RGQ

wh- degree adverb (how)

RGQV

wh-ever degree adverb (however)

RGR

comparative degree adverb (more, less)

RGT

superlative degree adverb (most, least)

RL

locative adverb (e.g. alongside, forward)

RP

prep. adverb, particle (e.g about, in)

RPK

prep. adv., catenative (about in be about to)

RR

general adverb

RRQ

wh- general adverb (where, when, why, how)

RRQV

wh-ever general adverb (wherever, whenever)

RRR

comparative general adverb (e.g. better, longer)

RRT

superlative general adverb (e.g. best, longest)

RT

quasi-nominal adverb of time (e.g. now, tomorrow)

TO

infinitive marker (to)

UH

interjection (e.g. oh, yes, um)

VB0

be, base form (finite i.e. imperative, subjunctive)

VBDR

were

VBDZ

was

VBG

being

VBI

be, infinitive (To be or not… It will be ..)

VBM

am

VBN

been

VBR

are

VBZ

is

VD0

do, base form (finite)

VDD

did

VDG

doing

VDI

do, infinitive (I may do… To do…)

VDN

done

VDZ

does

VH0

have, base form (finite)

VHD

had (past tense)

VHG

having

VHI

have, infinitive

VHN

had (past participle)

VHZ

has

VM

modal auxiliary (can, will, would, etc.)

VMK

modal catenative (ought, used)

VV0

base form of lexical verb (e.g. give, work)

VVD

past tense of lexical verb (e.g. gave, worked)

VVG

-ing participle of lexical verb (e.g. giving, working)

VVGK

-ing participle catenative (going in be going to)

VVI

infinitive (e.g. to give… It will work…)

VVN

past participle of lexical verb (e.g. given, worked)

VVNK

past participle catenative (e.g. bound in be bound to)

VVZ

-s form of lexical verb (e.g. gives, works)

XX

not, n’t

ZZ1

singular letter of the alphabet (e.g. A,b)

ZZ2

plural letter of the alphabet (e.g. A’s, b’s)

NOTE: “DITTO TAGS”

Any of the tags listed above may, in theory, be modified by the addition of a pair of numbers to it: eg. DD21, DD22 This signifies that the tag occurs as part of a sequence of similar tags, representing a sequence of words which for grammatical purposes are treated as a single unit. For example the expression in terms of is treated as a single preposition, receiving the tags:

in_II31 terms_II32 of_II33

The first of the two digits indicates the number of words/tags in the sequence, and the second digit the position of each word within that sequence.

Such ditto tags are not included in the lexicon, but are assigned automatically by a program called IDIOMTAG which looks for a range of multi-word sequences included in the idiomlist. The following sample entries from the idiomlist show that syntactic ambiguity is taken into account, and also that, depending on the context, ditto tags may or may not be required for a particular word sequence: