This is the generic class of metal working or shaping. It comprises
processes, tools, machines, and apparatus not classifiable in the
specific classes relating to the manufacture of articles from metal.
It also includes means which comprise a plurality of operations
which separately might be classified in the specific classes, but which
by their joinder include more than is covered by the definitions
of such specific classes.

This class has been made the generic class for the following
subject matter, regardless of the composition of the blank, stock
material, or article recited or worked upon: (a) process of electric
condenser making; (b) a burnishing process; (c) a process of manufacture;
(d) apparatus used to assemble or disassemble. See Subclass References
to the Current Class, below, for specific subclass references.

SECTION II - NOTES TO THE CLASS DEFINITION

(1)Note. Patents claiming both an article or product and a process
of manufacturing that article or product which process is classifiable
in this class are classified in a suitable article or product class
and cross referenced to the appropriate subclass of this class.

(2)Note. Historically, the term "metal working" has
included assembling. Therefore assembling is included within the
scope of paragraph I, above, even though no metal parts are being
assembled.

(3)Note. While this is the generic mechanical manufacturing class,
it is noted that manufacturing by chemistry, electrochemistry, or the
related arts is provided for in the chemical classes. See the classes
listed on pages I-6 and I-7 in the front of the Manual of Classification
under "I. Chemical and Related Arts". Also see
the Search Notes below

(4)Note. The relation of other mechanical manufacturing classes
to Class 29 is detailed on pages I-14 through I-16 in the front
of the Manual of Classification under "III. Mechanical
Manufacturing and Machine Element Arts, Manufacturing (Metal Working)".
Also see the Search Notes below.

(5)Note. Measuring, testing, recording and conveying, per se,
are not considered "manufacturing" operations
for this class.

Metal Deforming, for shaping metal by stressing beyond its elastic limit,
generally. Normally, the combination of a metal working process
or apparatus with additional metal deforming or cutting or with
any additional operation that is ancillary to the metal deforming
will be found in Class 72. However, there is an exception to this
guideline in regard to a process of making a "special article".
A "special article" is one named by the title
of one of the subclasses of Class 29 for making that particular
article, which subclasses are physically located in the portion
of the Class 29 schedule, between
subclass 1.1and 179. A process of making a "special
article" including plural, distinct metal deforming steps,
if performed in the same die, or in the same processing line will
be found in Class 72, whereas if not performed in the same die,
or in the same processing line will be found in the "special
article" making portion of Class 29. The metal deforming
steps proper for the "special article" making
portion of Class 29 may comprise different metal deforming types,
e.g., rolling and drawing, or may comprise two steps of the same
deforming type, e.g., a first and a second step of rolling. Note
that the corresponding combination of apparatus for making a "special
article" is to be found in Class 72 according to the general guideline
not according to the exception.

Presses, for press structure not elsewhere provided for where
neither features of structure for holding work nor features of tool
structure for performing the work of a type classifiable in Class
29 are claimed.

Metal Treatment, for the combination of significant heat treatment
for modifying or maintaining internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure)
or chemical properties of metal with a metal working, machining,
fusion bonding, casting, or assembly or disassembly operation proper
for Class 29. Particularly, see section III, A, of the Class 148
definition for amplification of what constitutes significant heat
treatment. Furthermore, the combination of reactive coating or chemical
heat removing (e.g., flame-cutting, etc.) or burning (i.e., oxidizing)
to remove a portion of a metal workpiece, with a Class 29 metal
working, machining, fusion bonding, or casting operation goes as
an original to Class 148.

Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, as the generic class for the adhesive joining of
parts utilizing nonmetallic cements and as the generic class for
manufacturing processes involving a chemical reaction. See the class
definition of Class 156 for the line between that class and Class
29.

Wheelwright Machines,
subclass 13for apparatus and processes for treating the outer periphery
of a rubber tire casing by a slitting or machine operation which
art (in the absence of this subclass) would ordinarily be classified
in accord with the particular operation. (The treating of a rubber
casing by abrading is classified in Class 451, Abrading).

Etching a Substrate: Processes, for etching processes not otherwise provided for
in which one of the manufacturing steps includes a chemical etching
or physical solvation. See the class definition of class 216 for
the line between that class and class 29.

Work Holders, Class 269 is the residual locus for patents to a
device for clamping, supporting, and/or holding an article
(or articles) in position to be operated on or treated. See notes thereunder
for other related loci.

Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, for (1) highway, pathway, or walkway structure, per se,
or (2) a process or apparatus for making, installing, repairing,
or maintaining such structure where such structure, process, or
apparatus is not otherwise classifiable as either (a) specifically
provided for in other loci or (b) of such general utility as to
be provided for on that basis. (See Class 404, Class Definition,
for known collections of such nature and the particular lines of
demarcation.) Note particularly
subclasses 72+ for process and subclasses 83+ for apparatus.

Tool Changing,
subclass 1for a process of transferring a tool to or from
a material treating station or a tool storage means, generally, including
a Class 29 process combined with transferring the tool used to or
from the station at which the Class 29 process occurs; and subclasses
2-69 for means for transferring a tool to or from a material treating
station or a tool storage means, generally, including a Class 29 tool
combined with means to transfer the tool to or from the tool station.

Robots, appropriate subcollections for industrial robots
used in metal working operations or in assembly.

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

ASSEMBLING

The physical act of or means for juxtaposing, associating,
integrating, joining and/or putting together, with or without
securing, of machines, devices, and things (articles).

BARRIER LAYER DEVICE

An electrical component consisting of two conductors placed
either in contact with each other or separated by an interface layer
to which contacts or terminals have been secured, which component
has a nonlinear resistance characteristic, as a result of the electrical
action of the interface between the two conductors rather than from
the characteristic of the conductors.

DEFORMING

The physical act of or means for shaping without any substantial
removal of material. This term includes forging, rolling, densifying,
extruding, drawing and stretching.

DISASSEMBLY

The physical act of or means for dissociating, disengaging,
and/or taking apart of machines, devices, and things (articles).

MACHINING

The physical act of or means for shaping by removing material
by means of a cutting edge. This term includes milling, cutting,
turning, boring, drilling, abrading, broaching, filing, sawing,
punching, blanking, and planing.

MANUFACTURING

The physical act of or means for creating, constructing, fabricating,
machining, working, shaping, assembling, disassembling, and repairing
of machines, devices, and things (articles).

REPAIR

The physical act of or means for restoring inoperative machines,
apparatus, static structures, and things (articles) when the operational
limits of tolerance have become exceeded by wear, imperfections,
destructive oxidation, electrolysis, or failure by (1) reshaping
parts, (2) substituting a part and/or adding supplemental
or additional parts or material, and/or (3) taking away
sections of worn, torn, broken, distorted, eroded or otherwise unusable
parts or material, and mending them by adding supplemental or additional
parts or material.

SHAPING

The physical act of or means for permanently altering the
form, configuration, dimensions, proportions, or contour of a part
or stock, either with or without the removal of material. This term
includes deforming, compacting, densifying, slitting, machining,
and briquetting.

SLITTING

The physical act of or means for shaping solely by incising
or severing the part or stock to form a partial separation along
a plane or surface through the part or stock. When this separation
is done by a true shearing operation, there is no material removed.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus for severing hollow work of generally
circular or oval cross section by moving work and tool relative
to each other so as to describe a helical line of severance along
the surface of the hollow work.

(1)Note. Included in this and indented subclasses is the bias
cutting of "article-like" work where there is
no "supply".

Turning,
subclass 47for a process under that class definition of cutting hollow
work while effecting relative rotary movement about an axis passing
through the work and subclass 82 for the corresponding apparatus.

Cutting, especially
subclass 54for a process of cutting a hollow workpiece, generally,
subclasses 178+ for cutting apparatus including a tool inside
hollow work and subclasses 401+ for means to move work
relative to tool station.

Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, for a device for winding the product of this subclass.
Note that the combination of such a cutting means with a product
winding means is to be found in Class 29,
subclasses 2.1+ .

Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, for a device for winding the product of this subclass
(2.13). Note that the combination of such a cutting means with a
product winding means is to be found elsewhere in Class 29.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Apparatus including means to inject gas under pressure into
the work to cause the work to assume a tubular or hollow shape for
passing onto a work support or mandrel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Apparatus including means to engage a portion of work being
internally supported to effect movement or shift of said portion
with respect to cutting means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.15. Apparatus including means to effect work movement or shift
in a circular or oval path which path lies in a plane transverse
to the extent of the work support or mandrel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2.1. Apparatus including means, other than the work being fed
to support and cause a rotation of work accumulated thereon, from
which the work is moved onto a work support or mandrel.

Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus,
subclass 33for combined apparatus for juxtaposing a button
with the bight of a workpiece and driving a member through the bight,
i.e., through the eye of the button and into a fold of the workpiece.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus , not elsewhere classified, (1) for
reducing metal to shreds by cutting operations or (2) for producing
an article of manufacture from metal wool.

(1)Note. Metal wool is defined as metal filaments or threads
matted into a densely felted mass.

Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, for a process or apparatus for reducing metal to
smaller particles without imparting a shape thereto. See Class 241,
section (4), of the main class definition.

Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 5+ for a process of forming a particulate material
directly from molten or liquid mass other than glass, e.g., liquid
comminuting.

Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclass 605for metallic stock in the form of a mass of fibers
and subclass 684 for composite metallic stock in which an iron-base
component is next to a steel component.

This subclass is indented under subclass 4.53. Process or apparatus whereby the produced metal wool is
further processed to form a matted mass containing soap which mass
is generally used for cleaning purposes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 4.55. Process or apparatus wherein the metal wool bundle is further
processed to form a matted mass containing soap which mass is generally used
for cleaning purposes.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Means for bending, forging, or otherwise manufacturing or
treating an axial member which has at least one portion thereof
adapted for applying torque thereto for changing reciprocating motion
into circular motion or vice versa.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus, not elsewhere classified, for forming
apertures in sheet material and thereafter deforming the apertured
portion of the sheet to (1) increase the area of, or change the
shape of, the aperture and (2) increase the length or width of the
sheet.

(1)Note. Apertures may be formed by cutting, punching, casting,
drilling, milling, grinding, etc.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus for making pointed elements for subsequent
attachment to fence wire, or for striking up pointed projections from
fence stock material itself.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus for forming a finger ring by die cutting
a flat ring from a disk and subsequently swaging or die shaping
it into the desired form or for stretching or contacting a ring
by use of a die.

Metal Deforming, especially
subclass 377for a process of deforming metallic work with attenuation,
thickening, elongating, or shortening of the work and subclass 379.2
for a process of deforming sheet metal.

Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 110+ for apparatus to make a composite from a preform
and means shaping fluent plastic stock and subclass 807 for lace
tipping.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus for making that portion of a ground
turning or stirring implement that comes in direct contact with
the ground to effect work thereon.

(1)Note. Also included herein is a process of making ancillary
plow structure, such as a clevis.

(2)Note. A plow "iron" may be called a "share",
a "point", or a "sweep".

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus for manufacturing a solid, generally
spherical member intended to be used in molten metal, e.g., to assist
in refining of metal.

Class 72 takes (1) a process or apparatus for rolling sheet
metal whether a sheet, strip, pack, or otherwise, or (2) a process or
apparatus for rolling sheet metal whether a sheet, strip, pack,
or otherwise when combined with any nonrolling operation acceptable
in Class 72.

Class 29 takes (1) a process or apparatus for manufacturing
metal foil other than by rolling and (2) process or apparatus for
rolling sheet metal when combined with another operation, which
combination is not classified in Class 72.

(2)Note. "Foil" is film-like metal, generally less
than 0.010 inches thick which, because of its frailty must be handled much
like a sheet of paper.

Metal Treatment,
subclasses 240+ for a method of producing a reaction coating on
a solid metal substrate wherein one component of the reaction coating
comes from the metal, and subclass 127 for a method under that class
definition of heat treating a metal composite.

This subclass is indented under subclass 17.2. Process including (1) superposing plural work portions for
metalworking or treating which work portions are to be subsequently
separated to yield plural manufactured articles or (2) effecting
or augmenting separation of superposed articles that have been,
while superposed, subjected to metalworking or treatment.

(1)Note. The pack may be made by folding a single sheet along
a line if the work portions are to be severed later from the rest
of the pack.

This subclass is indented under subclass 17.4. Process including superposing a solid member over a work
portion to facilitate metalworking or treating of the work portion,
which solid member does not form part of one of the manufactured
articles.

(1)Note. The solid cover material generally constitutes some
portion of the pack and may itself become a manufactured product
but not in the course of the claimed invention.

This subclass is indented under subclass 17.4. Process including applying material to a work portion or
performing a particular operation on the work portion to stop welding
or adhesion between layers or components of the pack.

(1)Note. The bond preventing material is generally characterized
as "anti-bond" or "prevent-weld".

(2)Note. The bond prevention material may comprise material that
is normally used as a lubricant applied directly to the work, rather
than merely to the working apparatus or machine.

This subclass is indented under subclass 17.2. Process wherein material is attached to or associated with
the work to facilitate the manufacturing, which material forms no
part of the manufactured product.

Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,
subclasses 239+ for a method including shaping or molding to form
or reform a shaped article, including molding of an eyeglass
frame or lens.

Optics: Eye Examining, Vision
Testing and Correcting,
subclasses 41+ for spectacles or eyeglasses, subclasses
159.73 through 159.81 for a process of making
an ophthalmic lens not elsewhere provided for (see the appended
notes to this subclass for a field of search for this subject matter), and
subclass 178 for a process of making spectacles or eyeglasses not elsewhere
provided for, securing an eyeglass lens to a support, or
of assembling lens in spectacle frames.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus for severing a strip or strap from
sheet material, in substantially continuous fashion, by relative
rotation of a tool and work about an axis while moving toward or
away from each other during the severing operation.

(1)Note. The line of severance described by the cutting operation
of this subclass comprises a flat spiral in the plane of the sheet
material.

(2)Note. The cutting tool is usually at a fixed point or location
with respect to which point the work is moved.

(3)Note. The combination of spiral cutting (here classified)
with winding and reeling (classified, per se, in Class 242, Winding,
Tensioning, or Guiding) is to be found in this subclass.

(4)Note. A subsequent cutting, either to length or desired cross
section shape, of the severed strip or strap will not bar classification
here if otherwise within the above definition.

(5)Note. This subclass includes working of sheet material other
than metal (e.g., rubber, cloth, leather, etc.) as set forth above to
produce thongs, lacing, belting, etc.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus for finishing a plane or curved stereotype
plate by beveling the edge, grooving, or finishing a rib on the
back of a plate.

(1)Note. Apparatus for casting a stereotype plate combined with
a finishing mechanism which operates on a plate while still associated
with a casting surface is classified in Class 164, Metal Founding, subclass
140.

(2)Note. Apparatus for merely planing the back of a stereotype
plate are classified in Class 409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing,
subclasses 288+.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus, including a punch for cutting out a flap from
a sheet metal work portion, and including means to bend the flap
to engage and secure plural portions in assembled relation.

(1)Note. Included here is a device which cuts and bends the tongue
by either single or plural means.

(2)Note. Included here is a tongue cutting and clenching device,
not otherwise classified, which acts on a single work piece.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Combined process or apparatus including use of a metal tire
thickening device combined with use of a press for cutting or shaping
the tire or tire blank.

Metal Deforming, especially
subclass 294for cutting combined with upsetting, generally,
and subclasses 300 and 301+ for a pair of individually nondeforming
clamps used to upset a metal strip other than a metal tire strip.

Type Casting,
subclasses 81+ for a machine for casting type combined with mechanism
for finishing. See Class 409, Gear Cutting, Milling, or Planing,
subclass 293 for a process of and subclasses 312 and 901 for apparatus
for cutting to shape a metallic printing surface.

for a method of assembling combined with one shaping,
not otherwise classified, especially subclasses 433+ for a
method of assembling by stringing and subclasses 559+ for
a method of assembling including work holding. See the notes to
that subclass (592) for the lines with other classes.

Elongated-Member-Driving Apparatus, for apparatus for inserting a member, e.g., a nail or staple,
into a venetian blind part, particularly
subclasses 19+ and 99+ for combined apparatus for handling
of a workpiece and for driving a member.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus for forming or assembling an umbrella
frame including forging an umbrella rib, shaping, or assembling
a component of an umbrella frame with another component.

(1)Note. A component of an umbrella frame may be a "rib",
a "fork", a "notch", a "tip",
etc.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus not elsewhere classified comprising
manufacturing (1) an electrical component consisting of two electrical conductors
placed either in contact with each other or separated by an interface,
which component has a nonlinear resistance characteristic as a result
of the electrical action of the interface, (2) an electrical device
which exhibits asymmetrical voltage current characteristic, or (3)
a device incorporating a nonmetallic electric conductor in which
current is carried by the movement of ions, which device is other
than those classified in the class for Chemistry: Electrical and
Wave Energy.

(1)Note. This and the indented subclasses include a miscellaneous
process or apparatus for making a barrier layer-type device, e.g.,
a contact rectifier, a transistor, or an electrolytic capacitor.

(2)Note. This and the indented subclasses are not limited to
the manufacture of a barrier layer device where a metal working
operation is involved, but includes the manufacture of such device
from any material where no specific class provides for the subject
matter claimed.

(3)Note. This and the indented subclasses are heavy in semiconductor
diverse manufacturing apparatus (e.g., cluster apparatus, etc.)
not provided for in a specific apparatus class.

(4)Note. Where the patent includes a claim to the product in
addition to a claim for the process of manufacture, the patent is classified
in the product class and cross-referenced to the appropriate process class.

(5)Note. In these subclasses are found, inter alia, patents relating
to the manufacture a barrier layer device by the combination of
a step which is, per se, classified in another class and a step
of subjecting the barrier layer device to an electrical current
for either forming, testing, or aging the device. The step of electrolytically forming
a coating on an electrode, without more, is not deemed such an operation.

for a miscellaneous process of assembly, manufacture
or repair, particularly, subclasses 592.1+ for a process of
making a miscellaneous electrical device, of which, subclasses 610.1+ relate
to a process of making an electrical resistor including metal working,
or when not otherwise classifiable, subclasses 623.1+ relate to
a process of making a battery, generally, and subclass 874+ relates
to the making of a terminal including one to be used with a barrier
layer device.

for miscellaneous assembly or disassembly apparatus,
particularly subclasses 729+ and 762+ for assembly or
disassembly apparatus for an electrical device not proper for a
superior subclass in this or another class, and subclasses 730+ and
763 for electric battery assembly or disassembly apparatus.

Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions, for a process, product, or apparatus for treating base
stock by an electrolytic process, especially,
subclass 213for the cleaning or etching of aluminum by an electrolytic
method, subclasses 183+, 188+, 191+,
and 198+ for an electrolytic coating process, and subclasses
324+ for the oxide coating of aluminum from an aqueous
bath. See (1) Note, above.

Compositions,
subclass 62.2for an electrolyte for an electrolytic condenser
or rectifier, subclass 62.3 for a composition for a barrier layer
device, and subclasses 500+ for an electrically conductive
and emissive composition which composition may be resistive in nature.

Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for a process of working, molding, or shaping a miscellaneous
plastic material, per se, or combined with another operation, especially
subclasses 614+ for a sintering method to make a coated or composite
electrical article or component; subclasses 104+ for shaping electroconductive
material; and subclasses 272.11+ for shaping to make an
encapsulated electrical component including a barrier layer or semiconductor
device.

Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for a stock material product in the form of a single or
plural layer web, sheet, strand, or fiber; especially
subclasses 175+ , 190, 193+, 196+, and 365 for
such a product including mechanically interengaged strand or strand
portions (e.g., woven, knitted) and subclass 62 for metallic composite
in which a component has a semiconductor base.

This subclass is indented under subclass 25.01. Process or apparatus comprising manufacturing (1) an electrical
component consisting of two electrical conductors placed either
in contact with each other or separated by an interface, which component
has a nonlinear resistance characteristic as a result of the electrical
action of the interface or (2) a device incorporating a nonmetallic
electric conductor in which current is carried by the movement of ions,
which device is other than those classified in the class for Chemistry:
Electrical and Wave Energy.

This subclass is indented under subclass 25.02. Process or apparatus comprising manufacturing a device incorporating
a nonmetallic conductor in which current is carried by the movement
of ions, which device is other than those classified in Class 205,
Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein, and Methods
of Preparing the Compositions.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Miscellaneous process or apparatus for manufacturing a piezoelectric
device or piezoelectric crystal which is not classifiable in a specific
class relating to the manufacture of such an article.

(1)Note. A piezoelectric device under this definition is a device
which contains a material which exhibits an electrostatic polarization
when subjected to mechanical stress or which exhibits a mechanical stress,
tending to produce a deflection, when subjected to electric stress,
including provision in combination with means to utilize the piezoelectric
property of said material. The material may be crystalline or may
not be so. The vast majority of piezoelectric substances are crystalline,
but a few substances which are not obviously crystalline, such as some
barium titanate ceramics and some wax-resin electrets (the electrostatic
analogue of the permanent magnet), exhibit piezoelectric properties.
Since, in theory, piezoelectricity is attributed to certain types
of anisotropy in the material, those piezoelectric materials which
are not obviously crystalline may be regarded as having a quasi-crystalline
structure and the expression piezoelectric crystal is adopted, for
convenience of expression, as being generic to both types of material in
the shaped (as distinguished from the bulk) state where the shape
(e.g., plate, AT cut) is disclosed as being significant to the piezoelectric
property of the material. In summary: Piezoelectric material = material
in bulk. Piezoelectric crystal = material shaped for piezo-electricity. Piezoelectric
device = piezoelectric material or crystal + utilization
means (e.g., electrodes holder).

(2)Note. This subclass is not limited to the manufacture of a
piezoelectric device by a metal working operation, but includes the
manufacture of such a device by any type of operation where no other
class provides for the entire subject matter claimed.

(3)Note. This subclass includes patents relating to the manufacture
of the type of piezoelectric devices classified in Class 310, Electrical
Generator or Motor Structure, subclasses 8+. Other classes which
provide for piezoelectric devices may also include methods and apparatus for
manufacturing the piezoelectric devices in those other classes.
For a list of such other classes consult the search notes below.

(4)Note. Where a patent includes a claim to the piezoelectric
device in addition to a claim to the process of or apparatus for manufacturing
the piezoelectric device, the patent is classified in the article
class and cross-referenced here.

(5)Note. A process or apparatus for manufacturing a piezoelectric
device when claimed in combination with a method or apparatus for
using said piezoelectric device, is not classified in this subclass, but
is classified in the class which pertains to the use.

and the classes referred to in the search notes
of that subclass for a method or apparatus for manufacturing an
electric condenser which method or apparatus may be useful in the
manufacture of a piezoelectric device.

Package Making, for a method or apparatus for sealing a housing or envelope
which is disclosed as containing piezoelectric crystals and for that
subject matter where the claims recite merely that the housing contains
a crystal (as distinguished, for example, from a crystal which is mounted
within the housing). Note particularly
subclasses 470+ and 239 where the housing is filled with both an
article and fluent material and subclasses 403+ and 79+ where
the housing is filled with a gas or evacuated and closed.

Measuring and Testing,
subclass 570for a piezoelectric transducer which couples an
alternating current electric circuit and a device having mechanical
vibrations for testing purposes or for the testing system which
utilizes such a transducer.

Coating Apparatus, for miscellaneous coating apparatus. Note particularly
subclasses 668+ where the coating is under the control of a characteristic
of the workpiece (as when the coating apparatus is controlled by the
varying resonant frequency of a piezoelectric crystal being coated), subclasses
715+ for vacuum evaporation coating apparatus, and subclasses
300+ for projection or spray type coating apparatus.

Stone Working, for a method or apparatus for shaping (e.g., sawing,
drilling, surfacing) a piezoelectric crystal which utilizes a cutting
tool (as distinguished from an abrasive or abradant tool). Such
method and apparatus in Class 125 may include determining the crystallographic
orientation of the crystal.

Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 345.1 through 345.55provides for differential or pattern etching of
piezoelectric materials. Class 156 is also the generic home for
a apparatus for adhesively bonding materials and thus various crystal making
steps relating to bonding, per se, may be there classified.

Electricity: Conductors and Insulators,
subclasses 50+ and the classes referred to in the search notes
of that class for a housing or an envelope having means for conducting
electricity between the inside and outside of the housing. Included
is such housing or envelope as is used for piezoelectric crystals.

Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, for an electrical method or apparatus for coating a piezoelectric crystal.
Search
subclasses 192.1+ for a method of coating by cathode sputtering,
subclasses 193+ for electrolytic apparatus, and subclasses 298.01+ for
cathode sputtering apparatus. Search subclasses 155+, and 164+ for
a method of treating a compound by electricity or wave energy, such
as neutron bombardment or X-ray radiation, to produce therein chemical
changes which may be manifested by associated physical changes.
Such method may be under the automatic control of some property
of the material being treated or may be under manual control.

Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclasses 118+ for electrolytic methods of applying a coating
where an electrolytic and a nonelectrolytic step are combined as
where copper is electrolytically plated over a chemically deposited
silver layer.

Receptacles, for the structure of housings, casings, and envelopes,
per se. Note particularly
subclasses 2.1+ where the housing, casing, or envelope is of the
electric discharge tube or similar (such as piezoelectric crystal)
type and subclasses 3.2+ where the housing, casing, or
envelope is of the outlet or junction box type.

Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclasses 101+ for the method of soldering a metal to metal joint,
such as the joint between a metallic coating on a quartz crystal
and an electrode wire, and subclass 903 for an art collection of
patents directed to a method of bonding metallic and nonmetallic
part by a metallurgical bond, e.g., a method of joining an electrode
wire to a quartz crystal.

Radiant Energy, search
subclasses 306+ for methods of testing (as distinguished from treating
a piezoelectric crystal by subjecting it to electronic or ionic
rays) and for apparatus for testing or treating a piezoelectric
crystal by subjecting it to electronic or ionic rays. Apparatus
for treating piezoelectric crystals in Class 250 may be under the
automatic control of some property, such as resonant frequency of
the crystal being treated, or may be under manual control. Crystal
goniometers in Class 250 may mark the crystallographic axis on the
crystal being tested or may position the crystal in a certain orientation
with respect to the testing ray or may otherwise indicate the crystallographic
axis; however, crystal goniometers which, in addition, mount the
crystal in a holder or cut it or perform some operation other than,
and in addition, to the testing are not classified in Class 250.

Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, for a process of crystallizing organic compounds, the process
being classified with its product. Note particularly
subclass 707for a process of crystallizing organic compounds
limited to no specific type of compound. The product of such a process
and also the seed crystals used in the process are classified as
chemical compounds. Seed crystals combined with supports are classified
as crystallizing apparatus in Class 23, subclass 273. Organic piezoelectric
chemicals, per se, when shaped to claimed configurations where the
configuration is disclosed as being significant to the piezoelectric
property of the crystal (e.g., plate, AT cut) are not classified
in Class 260 (see the reference to Class 171, subclass 327, above).
Organic chemicals are classified in Class 260, even though claimed
as being piezoelectric, where the chemical is not claimed as being
shaped with respect to the piezoelectric property and where it is uncombined
with piezoelectric structure.

Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for a process of or means for subjecting a piezoelectric
crystal to an electric test as for predicting its frequency drift,
for determining the polarity of charge produced by mechanical stress,
or for determining its activity. Search
subclasses 76.39+ for frequency determination. Note that indented
subclass 76.49 relates to piezoelectric crystals among other devices.

Optics: Measuring and Testing,
subclass 31for methods and apparatus for determining the crystallographic axis
of a crystal by optical means. Crystal goniometers in Class 356
may mark the crystallographic axis on the crystal being tested or
may position the crystal in a certain orientation with respect to
the light rays. Methods of determining the crystallographic axis which
include chemically etching the crystal to develop etching pits which can
be observed optically are included in subclass 31. Crystal goniometers which,
in addition, mount the crystal in a holder or cut it or perform
some operation other than or in addition to the testing are not
classified in Class 356.

Abrading, for a method or apparatus for abrading the surface of a
piezoelectric crystal to adjust its resonant frequency. Such an
abrading method or apparatus may be under time control or under
the control of the varying resonant frequency of the crystal being
abraded. Note particularly
subclasses 32+ for a process of abrading by tumbling, subclass
37 for a combined process including tumbling and sand blasting,
subclasses 41+ for a process of abrading a crystal, subclass 78
for a sandblast machine, and subclasses 326+ for a tumbling
machine used for abrading.

Miscellaneous process or apparatus for making an electric
condenser which is not classifiable in the specific classes relating
to the manufacture of articles.

(1)Note. This and indented subclasses do not include the manufacture
of electric condensers of the electrolytic type. The patents relating
to the manufacture of an electrolytic condenser are in Class 29, subclasses
25.01+, or in the classes referred to in the search notes
of that subclass.

(2)Note. This and the indented subclass are not limited to the
manufacture of electric condensers where a metal working step is
involved, but include the manufacture of such devices from any material
where no specific class provides for the claimed subject matter.

(3)Note. Where the patent includes a claim to the article manufactured,
in addition to claims for the process or apparatus, the patent is
classified in the article class and cross-referenced to these subclasses.

(4)Note. For electric condensers of the type manufactured by
the process or apparatus of this subclass, under "SEARCH CLASS",
see Class 361, Electricity: Electrical Systems and Devices, subclasses
271+.

(5)Note. Work holders are usually classified with the apparatus
for performing the operation. Under "SEARCH CLASS",
see Class 269, Work Holders, for miscellaneous work holders for assembly
operations.

(6)Note. Process or apparatus for making a condenser and testing
that condenser is classified with the art which provides for the
manufacturing operation.

for a process for making metallic articles and a
process of working metal not classified in specific classes. Note subclasses
592.1+ for miscellaneous process of making an electrical
device which includes a metal working operation. Subclass 630 provides
for a process for making a contact or terminal for an electric condenser
and other electrical device.

Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture, for a process for making a condenser where the process
recites no more than operations of laminating or laminating and impregnating.
The lamination may be a winding operation.

Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for a process of working, molding, or shaping miscellaneous
plastic materials, per se, or combined with other operations within
the class definition. See Class 264 definitions for the line between this
class (29) and Class 264. Some subclasses in Class 264 which are
specific to production of electrical components or devices are
subclasses 104+ , 272.11+ and 615.

Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles, for a stock material product in the form of a single or
plural layer web or sheet and
subclasses 432+ and 457+ for a plural layer sheet including a
layer of metal next to a layer of nonmetal material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 25.41. Process or apparatus where the condenser being made is of
the type which includes a solid dielectric material interposed between conductive
condenser plates.

(1)Note. Search the classes and subclasses referred to in the
notes to the definition of Class 29, subclass 25.41 for other classes
which provide for a blank, a process, or apparatus for making electric condensers
of the solid dielectric type.

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus for performing various materials treating functions,
the primary function comprising a cutting operation by a rotating
axially moving tool and a secondary function comprising either (1)
a noncutting operation or (2) cutting by milling operation with
the same milling operation with the same tool which performs the
primary cutting operation.

Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, for a machine for cutting by a rotating tool that moves along
the tool axis during operation, especially,
subclasses 20+ for a device of that class which is convertible
to a cutting operation of another class and subclasses 22+ for
a device of that class which is combined with structure for performing
a cutting operation of another class.

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus, particularly, a "type of machine" characterized
by mechanisms for rotating the work while a cutting or milling tool
is traversing the work, either externally or internally; also machines
in which the tool is rotated about the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus characterized by mechanisms for relatively rotating
the work and a turning or milling tool and which have in addition
thereto a grinding mechanism.

This subclass is indented under subclass 27. Apparatus specially adapted to turn, face, and bore or drill
a pulley or a wheel, and, in some instances, to slot the same. The
apparatus of this subclass is characterized by the rotation of the
work about its axis or by the rotation of the tool about the axis
of the work.

Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclasses 20+ for a device of that class which is convertible
to a cutting operation of another class and subclasses 22+ for
a device of that class which is combined with structure for performing
a cutting operation of another class.

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus characterized by a relative reciprocatory movement
in substantially a straight line between the work and tool, said
tool being a planing tool, a milling cutter or (in some instances)
a drill.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus under the class definition including (1) two or
more diverse metal shaping devices, (2) one metal shaping device
combined with one or more nonmetal shaping devices, or (3) one or
more assembling devices (classifiable, per se, in ... ) combined
with a shaping device.

(.5) SPECIAL LINE NOTE. This subclass is intended to collect
apparatus for metal shaping combined with apparatus for performing
another manufacturing operation, if that combination is not provided
for elsewhere. Class 29, subclasses 700-824 of this class have been
screened for a combination proper for this and the subclasses indented
hereunder. Not all classes other than Class 29 have been reviewed
for combinations including metal shaping means beyond the respective
class line; however, the search notes below referencing this Special
Line Note have been screened.

(1)Note. The terminology of (1), above, of the subclass definition
can be read as: means for performing two or more diverse metal shaping
operations. Thus read, the language encompasses devices including
a composite tool as defined in subclass 566, below. See, also, the
definitions of terms used, (Glossary and Notes to the Class Definition
of this class (29).

(2)Note. Diverse apparatus are those apparatus wherein there
are two or more devices which operate differently on the part or
stock and which collectively do not fall in any single art classification, e.g.,
sawing and forging, rolling and turning, etc. However, where the
two diverse devices constitute a hand manipulable tool rather than
a machine the combined device has been placed in Class 7, Compound
Tools. Plural apparatus which operate in the same manner or constitute
different phases of a single art are found with the single operation, e.g.,
turning to cylindrically shape followed by turning to taper are
in Class 82, Turning.

(3)Note. Where the shaping mechanism only operates subsequently
to fasten or join parts which have been previously assembled, the
apparatus will be found elsewhere in Class 29, subclasses 700+, or
in the various joining classes.

(4)Note. Included here is the combination of means to strip wire
and means to further modify or treat the wire in other than a manner
characteristic of Class 140, Wireworking.

(5)Note. The combination of apparatus for plural diverse manufacturing
(which apparatus falls within the scope of the above definition)
with apparatus for packaging (which packaging, per se, falls within
the scope of Class 53) is classifiable in the appropriate subclasses of
Class 53, Package Making.

Metal Deforming, patents whose claimed disclosures include means for assembly
have been placed in Class 29,
subclasses 33+ , if they include cutting or any other diverse operation. (Screened
per the Special Line Note above).

Cutting, patents claiming the combination of cutting and assembling
(in accordance with (3), above, of the subclass definition) have
been screened from Class 83 and transferred to Class 29,
subclasses 33+ , except for claimed combinations wherein the assembling
is limited to orienting, and stacking of products resulting from
the cutting operation. This combination (cutting, orienting and
stacking) is to be found in appropriate subclasses of Class 83. (Screened
per the Special Line Note above).

Cutting, or a cutting device, per se, for cutting and stacking the
cut work (product) see (.5) Note, above, for the line and see
subclasses 84+ for a cutting device with means to form or hold
a pile of product pieces.

Metal Founding, for casting means in combination with cutting means for trimming
the casting, while said casting is associated with the mold, or
a portion of the mold. The term "mold" as used
here includes (1) the core or cores, (2) core-like elements associated
with gate portions of the casting and used for handling, and (3)
conveying means serving to support a continuous casting while said
casting is still associated with the molding means. All other casting
in combination with cutting means for trimming the casting are classified
in Class 29,
subclasses 33+ . Further, see subclasses 418+ for continuous
casting apparatus having roller means associated therewith for deforming
the continuum as it is cast.

Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, for a combined apparatus including a shaping or
reshaping molding means for plastic material not otherwise provided for.
The combination of Class 425 apparatus and metal shaping apparatus
is provided for in this subclass and the subclasses indented hereunder. (Screened
per the Special Line Note above).

Tool Changing,
subclasses 2 through 69for means for transferring a tool to or from a
material treating station or a tool storage means, generally, including "Plural
Diverse Manufacturing Apparatus" combined with means to transfer
the tool to or from the tool station. (Screened per the Special Line
Note above).

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus for assembling a first element or portion thereof
(a binding or covering) around an edge of a second element (a base)
and into embracing or encompassing relationship with the second
element, combined with means for cutting either element, i.e., the
binding or covering or the base material.

Presses,
subclasses 70+ for a press not elsewhere provided for where there
is additional treatment of the material, particularly subclasses
94+ for such press in which the additional working is by
cutting, breaking, piercing, or comminuting.

Machine Element or Mechanism,
subclasses 813+ for an assembly of general utility, including a
turret mechanism for a metal working machine, having means to index
rotary members, and see the notes thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Apparatus in which a bar of metal stock of sufficient length
to form more than one completed article is carried by a rotatable
turret to the various tools. Multiple-tool holders in these patents
are usually cam operated and are also provided with one or more
rotary tools.

This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Apparatus in which the blank, reduced to substantially the
length of the finished article, is carried by turret into positions
which enable it to be operated upon by various tools.

This subclass is indented under subclass 563. Device wherein the work conveying means comprises an elongated,
generally planar, pliant member connected to itself along its elongated
extent and adapted to move along its elongated extent in an orbital
path such that work is conveyed as a segment of the member moves
from a first point to a second; that segment then is guided to move
along the orbit back to the first point.

This subclass is indented under subclass 35.5. Apparatus in which some of all of the operating tools are
carried by a rotatable turret and which are not classifiable in
the following specific subclasses.

This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Apparatus having rotatable tool turrets in which the tools
are mounted upon sliding tool spindles which are thrust forward
against the blank or stock, usually against the pressure of a spring.

This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Apparatus having a tool turret which is advanced toward
and retracted from the work by means of fluid pressure. In some
cases, fluid operating mechanisms are employed for actuating the
supplemental cutting tools, speed controllers, etc.

Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclass 63for drilling machines having a fluid operated motor
to make work move along the axis of tool rotation and subclass 130 for
drilling machines having a fluid operated motor to make a tool move along
the axis of tool rotation.

Cam Operated:

This subclass is indented under subclass 42. "Three dot" Located after ... subclasses
43 and 44 indented hereunder.

This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Cam-operated apparatus having a rotatable tool-holding turret,
the axis of which is disposed parallel to the lathe bed, and which
is advanced toward and retracted from the work-holding chuck by
cam-operated mechanisms.

Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclass 64for drilling machines in which there is a cam for feeding
the work along the tool axis and subclasses 100+ and 129+ for drilling
machines in which there is a cam for feeding the tool along the
tool axis.

This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Cam-operated apparatus having a rotatable tool-holding turret,
the axis of which is disposed transversely of the lathe bed (including both
vertical and horizontal axes), and which is advanced toward and
retracted from the work-holding chuck by cam-operated mechanisms.

This subclass is indented under subclass 39. Apparatus having a rotatable tool turret which is advanced
toward and retracted from the stock-holding chuck by means of a
lever or a system of levers, usually hand operated.

Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclass 66for drilling machines in which the work is made to
move by means including a rack and pinion and subclasses 99+ and 135
for drilling machines in which the tool is made to move by means including
a rack and pinion.

Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclass 64for drilling machines in which the work is made to
move by means including a nut which rotates relative to a screw threaded
member and subclasses 100+ and 129+ for drilling
machines in which the tool is made to move by means including a
nut which rotates relative to a screw threaded member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 48.5. Apparatus wherein the means to prevent or hold against rotation
include friction, clamping, or wedging action between the turret
and its carriage as well as a still further positive lock such as
a bolt or latch.

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus including a single element intended to support
more than one working member in engagement with a workpiece, either
at the same or at different times.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus having a nonrevolvable tool holder carrying a
plurality of tools (usually rotary) and a stock holder which is
movable laterally to present the stock to the various tools.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus having a nonrevolvable tool holder carrying a
plurality of tools which is movable transversely of the machine
bed and having in addition thereto a single tool holder adapted
to operate in the axial line of the chuck.

This subclass is indented under subclass 52. Apparatus having nonrevolvable tool holders carrying a plurality
of tools which are movable transversely of the machine bed and having
in addition thereto a single tool holder adapted to operate in the
axial line of the chuck, one or more of said tool holders being
provided with a rotary tool spindle. Usually the axial tool is rotatable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 50. Apparatus having a nonrevolvable tool holder carrying a
plurality of tools which are adapted to be moved longitudinally
of the machine bed to bring the tools into operation and transversely
of the bed to shift the various tools into alignment with the stock
or blank holder, or vice versa.

This subclass is indented under subclass 54. Apparatus having a nonrevolvable tool holder carrying a
plurality of tools provided with one or more positively-rotated
tool spindles supported in such a manner as to be moved longitudinally
of the machine bed to bring the tools into operation and transversely
of the bed to shift the various tools into alignment with the stock
or blank holder or vice versa.

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Apparatus including a cutting instrumentality adapted to
engage work to be treated by a subsequently acting means or to engage
the product of a previously acting means to mill, cut, turn, bore,
drill, abrade, broach, file, saw, punch, blank, or plane that work
or product.

This subclass is indented under subclass 56.5. Apparatus including a surface which contacts a work part
to support or hold that part in a desired position while that work
part is being juxtaposed, associated, or secured to another work
part; or is being separated from and/or unfastened from
another work part.

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device such as special tool holders and tool-operating mechanisms
which are adapted to be attached to and removed from combined machines,
usually "automatic lathes", for the purpose of
performing some special function upon the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 33. Device for controlling or changing the speed of the various
parts of automatic machines during the cycle of operations performed
by the machines. Most of the speed controllers in this subclass
are automatically operated.

Automatic mechanism for stopping the feeding of the carriage
which supports the turret or multiple tool or stock holder. These
mechanisms are usually provided with devices for stopping the travel
of the carriage at various points corresponding to the limit of
the operations required by the successively-operating tools.

Wheelwright Machines,
subclass 13for a process or apparatus for treating the outer
periphery of a rubber tire casing by a slitting or machining operation
which art, in the absence of this subclass, would ordinarily be
classified in accord with the particular operation. See Class 451,
Abrading, for roughening a rubber tire casing by an operation of
that class.

This subclass is indented under subclass 76.1. Process or apparatus for cutting an implement provided with
notches and grooves wherein the implement is insertable into and
capable of opening and closing a lock.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus for removing metallic oxide, sulfide,
or a similar metallic surface deposit from metal article, strip,
sheet, and bar or for preventing such a surface deposit from building
up.

(1)Note. The scale removed from the metal is not foreign matter
as removed by the apparatus of Class 15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and
General Cleaning, but is a surface deposit having a metallic component
such as magnetic oxide formed on the surface of iron when heated
for processing.

Metal Deforming,
subclasses 39and 40 for a step or means for performing the separation
or removal from the work material of all substances which may be
present thereon and distinguishable from the work material, per se,
before, during, or after the deforming operation.

Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for cleaning or pickling
processes combined with significant heat treatment of metal to modify
or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure)
or chemical properties of metal. See the Class 148 definition for
a description of what constitutes significant heat treatment.

Cleaning, Compositions for Solid Surfaces, Auxiliary
Compositions Therefor, or Processes of Preparing the Compositions, for cleaning compositions, including detergents, particularly
subclasses 245+ for scale removing and metal cleaning compositions;
this class also provides for processes involving the mere use of such
compositions.

Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids,
subclasses 22.1+ for a process which includes treating work such
as bottles, tubes, or other work having cavities by application
of the treating agent to the interior surfaces.

This subclass is indented under subclass 81.01. Process or apparatus wherein a plurality of roll elements
are utilized to bend or misshape the workpiece causing scale to
break away from the surface thereof.

Metal Deforming,
subclass 127for apparatus and methods in which metal is worked
by bending it back and forth and proceeding with such working continuously
along the metal to treat successive portions similarly, i.e., metal
flexing, per se.

This subclass is indented under subclass 81.13. Process or apparatus wherein the work contacting member
includes a plurality of narrow ended elongated members mounted adjacently in
a work engaging orientation.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for burning in or wearing in the bearings of engines,
usually internal-combustion engines, and running in or oil burnishing
to limber the bearings and to test for detection of oil leakage
at the joints of the casings.

for a process of treating or assembling a part or
parts while effecting similar forces or maintaining a similar environment
to substantially duplicate those forces or environmental factors encountered
in actual use of the part or parts.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus for condensing, compacting, smoothing,
or polishing the surface of an article by rubbing or otherwise engaging
the article with means having a smooth surface of greater hardness
than that of the article.

(1)Note. Burnishing, by its nature, prevents any significant
removal of surface material from a treated article or workpiece. This
lack of material removal distinguished burnishing from grinding
or abrading (which generally results in integral surface removal
of material) and cleaning (which generally results in the removal
of foreign material from the surface of material). Consequently,
grinding or abrading is generally provided for in Class 451, while
cleaning is generally provided for in Class 15.

(2)Note. See the Class Definition, paragraph 2, of this class
(29).

(3)Note. This subclass includes blasting an article with metal
shot when not classifiable in Class 72, Metal Deforming, subclass
53. See the definition thereof including notes for the line. Search
Class 15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 95
for a device or process of shotting material to clean it.

(4)Note. This subclass includes a metal rolling device for compacting
the interior surface of an opening. For apparatus of like structure
employed for expanding or a flanging tube, search Class 72, Metal Deforming,
subclasses 115 and 317.

(5)Note. This subclass includes a burnisher in combination with
a cutter where the combined device may be employed for burnishing
without cutting. For a reamer which has a guiding portion which
may burnish but has a cutter which is necessarily used during such
burnishing, see Class 408, Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving
Tool, subclass 199.

(6)Note. This subclass includes a broach-like device which is
forced through an opening in order to burnish the inside of the
opening. For a broach, i.e., a tool having sharp cutting edges,
which is similarly forced through a hole for the purpose of cutting
the interior thereof, search Class 407, Cutters, for Shaping, subclasses
1 and 13+.

(7)Note. This is the residual home for burnishing, not only of
metal, but of any material unless provided for elsewhere.

Textiles: Ironing or Smoothing, as the generic class for a process or apparatus
for producing a smooth appearance on the surface of a textile article or
fabric by pressing, stretching, rolling, sliding contact, or other
means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90. Process or apparatus for burnishing materials made by a
paper making operation, i.e., depositing fibrous material from a
slurry onto a foraminous screen or mold surface.

Paper Making and Fiber Liberation,
subclass 205for the combination of forming an endless web and
subsequently subjecting it to pressure, subclasses 224+ for
a process of forming an article and subsequently subjecting it to
pressure, and subclass 288 for the combination of forming and burnishing
means.

Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or
Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web, for the combination of bending, folding, creasing, assembling,
i.e., a basic operation of Class 493 combined with burnishing. Search
especially
subclass 271for making a tube from a nonmetal sheet or web
combined with minute size change of the formed tube and subclass
291 for making a nonmetal tube from a sheet or web combined with surface
treatment. Search especially subclass 467 for surface treatment
of a sheet or web other than burnishing. Burnishing, per se, of
paper (or other material) is to be found in Class 29, subclasses
90.1+.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90.01. Process or apparatus for burnishing a relatively elongated
article of indefinite length, such as a wire, rod, tube, etc., by
feeding the same longitudinally through or past the burnishing device.

(1)Note. This subclass includes a machine or a process for smoothing,
polishing, or compacting covered wire such as an insulated electric
conductor.

Abrading, particularly
subclasses 64+ for an abrading machine, generally, subclasses
67+ for an abrading machine combined with a nonabrading
means, subclasses 75+ for a sandblast machine, and subclasses
103+ for an abrading machine comprising a scouring device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90.01. Process or apparatus wherein the article is a toothed wheel,
cylinder, or other machine element capable of meshing with another
toothed element to transmit motion, change speed, or change direction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 90.01. Process or apparatus wherein the condensing, compacting,
smoothing, or polishing is effected by either hammering or bombarding the
surface with hard shot.

This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Apparatus for compressing and retaining portions of a furniture
cushion or padded furniture component usually at regular intervals
in accord with a desired pattern.

(1)Note. Included here (91.2) are patents which, in addition
to means for compressing, merely provide access for fastener means.

Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, especially
subclasses 241+ for mechanical shaping or molding to form or reform
a shaped article to produce a composite, plural part or multilayered
article and digest 82 for an art collection including embossing
by foaming.

This subclass is indented under subclass 91.2. Apparatus including means for passing an element through
a compressed portion of a furniture cushion or stuffed mattress
which element either facilitates the assembly of a fastener member
or is a fastener member to secure the compression of the entire
cushion and/or localized portions thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 91.7. Apparatus wherein the support or configuration pattern includes
a plate or platen movable with respect to an opposite support element
so as to compress the furniture component.

(1)Note. No means is set forth to effect the movement of the
follower.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus for the assembling, securing, or disassembling
of various types of valves or valve parts.

(1)Note. This and indented subclasses include, for example: (a)
the removal or placement of a water main or other main valve or
engine valve spring and guide units. (b) the removal of placement
of a water main or other main valve, including a pressure housing
for facilitating this operation under the pressure of the main,
and the insertion and removal of valve plugs to seal the main while assembly
operation is being carried on. (For similar pressure housing usable
in boring or drilling mains, see Search Notes below) (c) the manipulation
of an engine valve rocker arm. (d) a support for supporting a valve
in lifted position with the spring compressed. (e) apparatus for
holding a valve spring in compressed condition. (f) apparatus for compressing
an engine valve spring while on or off an engine.

Fluid Handling,
subclass 15.17for a process having a particular mounting or repairing
feature for a valve or valve member, subclasses 15.18-15.26 for
a process of assembling, disassembling, or repairing a valve or valve
member, or subclasses 315.41-315.42 for a tool for applying or removing
a valve or valve member.

This subclass is indented under subclass 213.1. Apparatus for compressing, or holding compressed, a valve
spring of an engine (e.g., an internal combustion engine) to facilitate
extraction of a valve key or pin.

This subclass is indented under subclass 217. Apparatus in which the compressor includes spaced parallel
or tong type bars, each having co-planar jaws at one end for engaging
the spring from the side, the other ends of the bars being connected
by a screw operated mechanism for moving the jaws and bars toward
or away from each other in a compressing operation.

(1)Note. The bars may be parallel and maintained parallel by
the mechanism, or may be substantially parallel but pivoted to the
mechanism, which mechanism operates the bars around the pivot in
quasi tong type.

This subclass is indented under subclass 215. Apparatus in which the compressor has provisions for operating
on a single spring for compressing the same, the compressor having
for its prime operating power a lever, or a lever operated linkage
system.

This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus in which the compressor has a single engagement
with the valve spring or valve, i.e., a single jaw engages the springs
or the valve and has reaction against other parts of the motor block
and not against the spring or valve.

This subclass is indented under subclass 219. Apparatus in which the lever operated compressor is of the
plier type of construction or operation, namely the jaws are caused
to move toward or away from each other by squeezing in two relatively
movable handles or levers.

This subclass is indented under subclass 213.1. Hand tool or assembling or removing a valve for a pneumatic
tire or tube with or from the rim or other portion of the wheel
with which the tire or tube is associated.

(1)Note. The air valve may be encased in a resilient sheath which
fits in a hole in the rim with a grommet effect to seal the valve
to the rim.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus for inserting or removing a piston ring in the
receiving groove of a piston, (e.g., for an internal combustion
engine) or for facilitating such an operation.

(1)Note. This subclass includes, for example: (a) a piston ring
compressor for compressing a piston ring around a piston or for
contracting and holding a single ring for the reception of a mandrel holder.
(b) apparatus for expanding a ring for removal or application to
a piston. (c) a guide through which a piston with a ring(s) is moved,
the guide compressing the ring during such movement.

Tools,
subclass 3.7for a device for prying apart the leaves of a leaf
spring assembly, subclass 7.5 for a mainspring winder for a watch
or clock, and subclass 486 for a resilient article tensioner or
compressor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus for removing arbors from watch pinions or hands
from shafts, inserting arbors into watch pinions, or inserting the
leaves of lantern pinions, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus for stretching or holding brake lining on a brake
shoe to facilitate securement of the lining to the shoes, or for
applying a fastener to secure the lining to the shoe.

for means for applying or removing a resilient element,
including means for applying a noncoextensive resilient element
to the interior of a tube, and means to apply a resilient tube or sleeve
to a longer object.

Pipes and Tubular Conduits,
subclass 131for a flexible pipe having a spirally wound metal
core, subclass 139 for a flexible pipe having a metal core and subclasses
142 and 143 for another pipe having a metal core.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus for assembling or disassembling a resilient member
with another member.

(1)Note. Included herein is means to apply or remove a resilient
tube, sleeve, etc., to or from another member; means to flex a resilient
metal article within its elastic limit to facilitate assembly or
disassembly; and means to apply a teat cup to a cooperating ring.

This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus for elastically expanding the open end of a resilient
nipple for the insertion of the mouth of a nursing bottle into the
nipple and removable from between the overlapped ends of bottle
and nipple to permit the nipple to contract about and grip the bottle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus for applying or removing a well protector to or
from a well sucker rod.

(1)Note. The well protector of this subclass is commonly a resilient
thick sleeve.

(2)Note. This subclass includes apparatus for stretching the
protector and placing the same on the drill pipe or rod apparatus
for stretching the protector and placing it on a carrier and the
carrier that transports the expanded protector to a position on
the drill pipe or rod.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus for supporting and guiding the motion of a separable
loose-leaf binder device from a closed position to an open position
to permit insertion or removal of a sheet.

(1)Note. The operation of assembly or disassembly is usually
manual, the apparatus merely serving as a support and guide for
assembly operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus that compress article parts together face to face
for facilitating assembling.

(1)Note. This subclass includes, for example: (a) apparatus for
pressing overlapping apertured plates together to hold them while
bolts or rivets are being applied. (b) apparatus for compressing stacked
plates together face to face.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus having (1) article engaging means moving in opposed
directions for spreading parts apart or (2) for breaking a face
to face engagement or for separating parts from a face to face engagement.

(1)Note. The apparatus under (1) is distinguished from that under
subclasses 244+ by a spreading operation as distinguished
from a plain push or pull and is characterized by spaced jaws or
article engaging means that are motivated in opposite directions
to create a spreading action.

(2)Note. The apparatus under (2) is generally of the character
that breaks the adhesion of an automobile head and block.

Tools,
subclass 3.7for a special tool for spreading the leaves of
a leaf spring assembly apart, usually for the purpose of inserting
lubricant therebetween; subclass 302 for a special tool having outwardly-facing
work-engaging jaw surfaces; and subclass 485 for a tool for spreading
one portion of a workpart from another portion, or for spreading
apart two parts without disassembling them from each other.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus that assemble or disassemble by a stringing action,
either by stringing parts on an attenuated or elongated means, or
by passing such means through a part or parts.

Sewing,
subclasses 470.21+ for a machine for inserting a draw string by means
of a needle, subclass 10 for a sewing machine which seams a bag and
also inserts a draw string in a hem, and subclasses 223 and 224
for a needle threading attachment for a sewing machine.

Apparel Apparatus,
subclass 48for bead stringing means; subclass 50 for a device
for inserting a tape, thread, or cord into a garment, lace and the
like; subclass 99 for a device for threading a needle; subclasses
102+ for a needle which is a pointed instrument having an
eye, hook, or equivalent to attach to a thread, tape, or the like
for sewing, threading, or attaching the thread to a fabric; and
subclass 105 for a curtain rod threader.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus for assembling or disassembling a tool handle
and a tool.

(1)Note. This subclass includes, for example: (a) Apparatus for
assembling or disassembling the parts of a handle or the parts of
a tool. (b) Apparatus for assembling a tool with or disassembling
a tool from a handle. (c) Apparatus for inserting a pin for securing
a tool handle to a tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus for assembling a first element or portion thereof
around an edge of a second element and into overlapping relationship
with the second element, the assembly being accomplished in whole
or in part by deforming, i.e., stressing beyond the elastic, the
first element.

(1)Note. Subclasses 244 through 283 herebelow, comprising assembly
apparatus of the nature there specified, were established before
this subclass (243.5) and indented subclasses and have not been screened.
Appropriate subclasses among them should be searched when advisable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 243.517. Apparatus wherein the first element is deformed by a shaping
surface urging a portion thereof to move away from the its axis, wherein
the shaping surface is part of a member between the inner border
and the axis.

Metal Deforming,
subclass 391.6for a device including concentric or telescoped
deforming tools wherein a tool fits inside a hollow metal fastener workpart
to reshape that workpart into engagement with another member in which
the fastener is fitted for securement, wherein no part of the device
is in engagement with the other member, and subclass 393 for three
or more tools inside an annular workpiece with provision to effect
radial expansion of the workpiece by moving one of the tools radially
with respect to the others.

This subclass is indented under subclass 243.517. Apparatus wherein a first tool engages the annular member
and a second tool engages a second member which is inside the cavity
of the annular member to move the members relative to each other
such that one member is stressed beyond its elastic limit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 243.519. Apparatus wherein a first tool engages an annular end surface
of a tube-like workpiece, which surface generally faces the device,
which first tool includes a passageway coaxial with the tubular
axis of that workpiece, and wherein a second tool functions within
that passageway to engage a shank portion of a second workpiece
extending through the tubular axis of the work and through the coaxial
passageway, which first tool urges against the annular surface and
which second tool reactively pulls against the shank with sufficient force
moves the second workpiece with respect to the first and to ultimately
exceed the tensile strength of the shank portion and thereby divide
one portion of the shank from the remainder thereof, which remainder
serves with the tubular first workpiece as a fastener.

(1)Note. The first and second workpiece of this subclass are
normally supplied in the magazine as an assembly and are to be brought
into assembly with another work part not originating in the storage
chamber.

This subclass is indented under subclass 243.524. Device wherein flowable medium in the liquid state is used
as tool urging flowable medium and wherein flowable medium in the gaseous
state is also used at tool urging medium.

(1)Note. Included herein is a device having a cylinder powered
by a gas (e.g., compressed air) that, in turn, drives a piston to
pressurize a liquid which serves to move the tools.

(2)Note. Included herein is a device utilizing liquid to effect
repositioning (and deformation) of the "elements" and
gas to return the tools to the resting position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 243.521. Device including provision to move one tool with respect
to the other to effect the deforming action, which provision turns
more than 360 degrees.

(1)Note. The "drive" of this subclass must be
mechanically connected to one of the tools, e.g., a rotary electric
motor that drives a tool via a gear box is included herein even
though the final drive may not turn more than 360 degrees, whereas a
rotary electric motor that drives a pump which transmits fluid to
drive one of the tools is excluded.

This subclass is indented under subclass 243.521. Device including provision to move one tool with respect
to the other comprising a pair of mirror image members intended
to be engaged by the hands of the operative and moved equally but
oppositely with respect to each other and with respect to the remainder
of the device to effect deformation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 243.521. Device wherein the tool having a passageway therethrough
is adapted to be readily removed and replaced by another similar
tool also mounted on the device, or is mounted to be shifted in
position with respect to the remainder of the device.

This subclass is indented under subclass 243.5. Apparatus including means to upset or otherwise deform a
rivet or like rod-shaped first element, or a similar portion of
work, means to assemble such rivet to other work or to cause such
rivet to secure components of other work together.

This subclass is indented under subclass 243.54. Apparatus which by riveting unites the edges of a pipe along
a longitudinal seam or secures two or more pipes in an overlapping
or abutting end-to-end relationship.

This subclass is indented under subclass 243.57. Apparatus for assembling a combination in which the second
element has a definitive edge (such as that of a plate or sheet),
and the first element is a U-shaped member which embraces only the
edge portion of the second element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus having means for engaging two work parts to be
assembled or disassembled and means forming part of the apparatus
for multiplying the force input to the apparatus (e.g., a lever,
screw, force multiplying linkage, gearing, etc.) to develop the
necessary assembling or disassembling force.

(1)Note. Included in this and the indented subclasses, for example,
are: (a) means for removing from and applying to a shaft, a collar,
wheel, gear, bearing unit, etc. (b) means for removing from or applying
to any of various elements, a nonresilient tube, collar, sleeve,
ferrule, etc. (c) means for removing from or applying to any of
various elements, a pin, cap, key, etc.

(2)Note. Except as stated in the following notes, apparatus from
preceding subclasses indented under subclass 700 and having power
multiplying means for exerting a pushing or pulling force for assembling
or disassembling has been cross-referenced in this or the indented subclasses.

Dentistry,
subclasses 3+ for a tool for removing an orthodontic appliance from
the teeth and subclasses 141+ for other disassembly and
assembly implement (e.g., a tooth extractor, mold remover, crown
remover.)

Boring or Penetrating the Earth,
subclasses 2+ for subject matter relating to a device for penetrating
the earth by means of a bullet or shaped charge which is fired in
an inaccessible hole and including such a device for forming a perforation
in a casing or other wall member in the hole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Apparatus designed for inserting a tube, sleeve, ring, ferrule,
or similar annular body into or removing such from an opening designed
to receive the same.

This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus which is screw operated and of the C-frame type,
one leg of the C-frame reacting against one part of the article
and a screw mounted in the other leg of the C-frame reacting against
another part of the article.

This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus in which a central screw develops the assembling
or disassembling force, whether motivated by turning the nut or
screw, and which have work engagers on opposite sides of, adjacent
to, and around the screw, the screw acting on one part of the article
and the engagers acting on another part of the article.

(1)Note. The side engagers may be arms on each side of the screw
or constitute tubular or tube segment engagers encircling a major
part of the screw, and the same may be secured to or have reaction
contact with the article.

This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Apparatus in which the side engagers comprise arms extending
along or parallel with the screw, the arms having engagement with
the screw nut or nut carrying frame at one end and engagement with
an article part at the other end.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which the tubular or tube segment form a work
engager having at least two relatively movable parts to grip the
work which parts are mounted on the work engaging end of the force
developing screw.

This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus that is lever operated.

(1)Note. A screw may be used for adjusting the parts of the apparatus
or gripping the part to be moved but the force input and multiplication
for applying the pushing or pulling force is through a system (not involving
a screw) operated by a lever.

This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus for lifting and/or aligning an automobile
wheel with an automobile chassis.

(1)Note. In this subclass, for example, is a tool intended to
pass through bolt receiving wheel opening and engage the stud bolts
or other connecting parts on the hub, brake drum, or other support
of the automobile chassis and guide the wheel to such supporting
means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 278. Hand devices for applying or removing parts of centrifugal
separators.

(1)Note. Most of the patents include an elongated means that
is insertable through the openings of aligned separator plates or
cone discs, with provisions for securing the bottom one thereto,
so that the elongated means and the parts secured as a unit may
be pulled from or inserted into the centrifugal machine by direct
hand pull or push on the elongated means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus including or with a surface which, when the work
parts are being assembled, is positioned beneath at least a portion
of each work part to support the work parts against the force of
gravity in at least one position of adjustment thereof.

(1)Note. A mere pin is not considered to be a work holder for
assembly.

This subclass is indented under subclass 281.1. Apparatus including means to hold an assembly of several
first work parts in a desired relationship and means to force an
additional work part into the assembly to secure the first work parts
in a desired relationship.

This subclass is indented under subclass 281.1. Apparatus including a holder for a first work part and a
holder for a second work part, which holders are allowed to move
with the work parts mounted thereon.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus including means to engage a first work part so
as to be supported against the force of gravity thereon and including
means to be engaged by a second work part to be juxtaposed, associated
with, fastened to, or removed from the first work part.

Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclass 154.1for a method or apparatus for laying a pipe or
cable into a subterranean or submarine location where a step or
means for handling the earth material is claimed, or a method or
apparatus for laying, retrieving, manipulating, or treating a pipe
or cable at or from a submerged location.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus claiming only (1) a work gripping subcombination,
(2) an anvil, or (3) any subcombination of an assembling or disassembling apparatus
incapable by itself of performing a work assembling or disassembling
operation and not elsewhere classifiable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 700. Apparatus including means to juxtapose, associate, fasten
together, or separate a plurality of work by stressing one work
part beyond the elastic limit thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process comprising mechanically modifying or altering an
existing structure, apparatus, or article of manufacture to produce
a structure, an apparatus, or an article of manufacture of substantially
different capacity, size, function, or type of operation.

(1)Note. Since this concept was not specially provided for before
this subclass was established in 1979 and since most of this class
was not screened at that time, the art of this subclass is incomplete
in that it does not include all the patents issued before that date.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process comprising restoring an existing device such as
an article of manufacture, a machine, an apparatus, or a static
structure to a more functional, stable, or working condition.

(1)Note. See the definition of repair in the class definition
of this class (29), Glossary. These subclasses (402.01+)
are intended as the residual home for mechanical repairing. Where
a process of repairing a particular article is claimed, it is intended
that the patent issue in the particular device making subclass of
this class (29).

(2)Note. To make a complete search for a process of repairing
a particular device it may be necessary to search the subclass under
Class 29 or elsewhere which provides for manufacturing the particular device.

(3)Search appropriate subclasses for various mechanicamanufacturing
operations such as, for example, combined processes for making specific
articles, converting one article to produce a different article,
uniting, or shaping, or joining, which operations might be used
in a repair operation.

Glass Manufacturing,
subclass 27for a process of repairing or cleaning glass working
apparatus and subclass 28 for a process of mending otherwise unusable
parts or material by a glass working operation for reuse, or preventing
spreading of checks or cracks in a glass part during formation of
the glass part.

Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 30for furnace lining formation or repair and subclasses
36.1+ for repairing or restoring an article for reuse by an
operation of that class.

Chemistry: Electrical Current Producing Apparatus,
Product and Processes,
subclass 49for a process of restoring, or aid in restoring
a battery to its former condition after decay, injury, or partial
destruction.

Heating,
subclass 3for a process in which a step of repairing is an
integral part of a heat procedure or in which repairing of the apparatus
is effected in part by the heat incident to the operation of the
apparatus.

Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a seal having an installation, removal, assembly, disassembly,
or repair feature,
subclass 323, for a seal for well apparatus, subclasses 370+ for
a relatively rotatable extending sealing face member (e.g., face,
mechanical, etc.), subclass 421 for a close proximity labyrinth
seal, subclass 435 for a piston ring, piston ring expander or seat therefore,
subclass 511 for a dynamic circumferential contact seal intended for
containment or compression by a gland member in a packing box, subclass
551 for a dynamic, peripheral radially sealing flexible projection (e.g.,
lip seal, etc.) for other than a piston, subclass 598 for a static,
contact seal for use between parts of an internal combustion engine,
subclass 609 for a static contact seal intended for insertion between
an end to end pipe, conduit, or cable joint, or subclass 630 for
a static, contact seal for other than an internal combustion engine,
or a pipe, conduit, or cable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 402.01. Process wherein the device to be repaired is composed of
a plurality of interrelated attached components or subcombination elements
comprising disassociating a component or an element from the other
components or elements.

(1)Note. See the definition of "disassembly" in
the class definition Glossary.

Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 30for furnace lining or repairing and subclasses
36.1+ for repairing or restoring an article for reuse in
an operation of that class.

Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 239+ for a process of applying distorting mechanical
forces to solid self-sustaining workpieces of nonmetallic material
wherein the configuration of at least one dimension of the workpieces
is altered.

Electric Heating,
subclasses 603+ for a process of induction welding, subclasses
50+ for a process of resistance welding, and subclasses
76.1+ for a process of coating or building up of a base
by means of metal deposited by an electric arc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 402.01. Process of repairing by fastening a solid member specially
adapted for reinforcing, concealing, or rebuilding a desired dimension to
a damaged or worn portion of the machine, apparatus, static structure,
or article.

This subclass is indented under subclass 402.11. Process of repairing comprising fastening the repair preform
to the existing device by a third member, e.g., by a headed, threaded, resilient,
or impact driven fastener, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 402.11. Process of repairing comprising fastening the repair preform
to the existing device by metal fusion bonding, metal casting, or heating
of metal.

(1)Note. Since this class (Class 29) is residual, a single or
combined operation is to be found herein, unless provided for in
a superior class; e.g., Class 219, Electric Heating; Class 228,
Metal Fusion Bonding; Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 402.09. Process of repairing comprising fastening the repair preform
to the existing device by a third member, e.g., by a headed, threaded, resilient,
or impact driven fastener.

This subclass is indented under subclass 402.01. Process of repairing comprising (1) depositing a flowable
substance upon or into a base material (e.g., coating, impregnating)
or (2) shaping a flowable substance upon or into a base material
(e.g., casting, molding).

Metal Deforming,
subclasses 46+ for a process of coating or casting liquid material
upon a metal base (but not casting the base, per se), and then deforming
the base, regardless of whether or not the applied material is also
deformed. See the definition and notes thereof.

Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 115for processes there provided for in which the object
treated is repaired by electrodeposition.

Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 30for furnace lining formation or repair, and subclasses
36.1+ for a process under the Class 264 definition of repairing
or restoring an article for reuse.

Metal Deforming,
subclass 69for metal deforming by use of a tool acting during
relative rotation of the tool and the work about an internal center, with
modification or control of temperature, and subclass 364 for a process
of metal deforming with temperature maintenance or modification.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process including (1) mechanical manufacture wherein scrap
(or surplus) material (i.e., material which would otherwise be discarded)
is produced combined with treating that material to give it value,
(2) using scrap (or surplus) material from any source to make an
article of manufacture, or (3) treating of scrap (or surplus) from
any source to give value to the scrap.

(1)Note. To make a complete search for any process of salvaging
a particular article of manufacture, it may be necessary to search
the subclass for the process of making the particular article and
to search the subclass providing for the article produced.

Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 401+ for treating multicomponent metal-containing scrap
having an integral substrate to separate metal therefrom by temperature
modification or chemical process other than using nonmetallic material which
is liquid under standard conditions wherein at least one metal remains
solid during separation in order to recover free metal and subclasses
711+ for treating multicomponent metal-containing scrap
having an integral substrate to separate metal therefrom by using
nonmetallic material which is liquid under standard conditions in
order to recover free metal.

This subclass is indented under subclass 403.1. Process (1) including mechanical manufacture wherein scrap
metallic material (i.e., material which would otherwise be discarded)
is produced combined with deforming that scrap material to force
it to occupy a smaller space, or (2) deforming scrap metallic material
from any source to force it to occupy a smaller space.

for a process including the step of mechanically
disassembling. The principal distinction between the concept
of this subclass (29/403.3) and subclasses
29/426.4+ is that, in this subclass, there
is intent to recover or utilize scrap material.

Adhesive Bonding and Miscellaneous Chemical Manufacture,
subclasses 701 through 719for a delaminating process, per se, and
subclasses 918-933 for a delaminating process adapted to
specified products, per se; subclasses 750-767
for delaminating means, per se, and subclasses
934-944 for a delaminating means adapted to specified products, per
se, separating an adhered layer or portion from another
layer at a bonding face while retaining layer identity.

Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration,
subclass 24for a process of comminuting or disintegrating
combined with then classifying or separating according to the physical characteristics
of the parts separated.

Metallurgical Apparatus, for means to work metal by application of heat, generally; especially
subclasses 48+ for a torch used to cut metal and subclasses 200+ for
means to melt or vaporize metal or means to treat liquified metal.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process including subjecting the product being manufactured
during such manufacture (1) to forces that duplicate
those encountered in actual use of the product or (2) to
an environment that duplicates that encountered in actual use of
the product.

for a machine or device for burning in or wearing
in a bearing of an engine (usually an internal combustion engine) and
for running in or oil burnishing to limber a bearing or to test for
oil leakage at the joints of a casing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process comprising determining the desired axis of rotation
of a part and forming the surface thereof to provide a configuration
for support of the part during rotation about its axis.

Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool,
subclasses 72+ for a cutting tool of that class combined with
other work engaging structure, particularly, subclass
114 for that combination when the other work engaging structure
is axially fixed to move with the cutting tool and engages a work
surface parallel to the axis of the tool.

Abrading,
subclass 436for an attachment for a lathe intended to be used
in grinding the lathe "center" and subclass 460
for a work mounting device which may support a rotatable workpiece
for a grinding operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 400.1. Process combined with (a) detecting or
analyzing some condition of the part or parts being worked on or
assembled or (b) visually or audibly indicating
the condition.

Electricity: Measuring and Testing, for testing or indicating in the manner of that class, especially
subclasses 345+ for testing by magnetic means, and subclass
407 for testing a circuit for a diverse-type electron tube.

Electric Lamp or Space Discharge Component or
Device Manufacturing,
subclasses 3+ for a process of making such a device, combined
with testing or adjusting, and subclasses 63+ for the
corresponding apparatus.

This subclass is indented under subclass 407.01. Process wherein the testing or indicating includes (a) applying
a predetermined twisting or turning force to a threaded fastener component
of a threaded assemblage, or (b) quantitatively
measuring the twisting or turning force on a threaded component
of a threaded assemblage.

This subclass is indented under subclass 407.02. Process wherein the number of rotations of the threaded
component is measured or the threaded component is rotated a fixed
angular amount after a predetermined event is observed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 407.01. Process wherein the testing or indicating employs an optic
or light-sensitive device other than a human eyeball (e.g., microscope, camera, photoelectric
cell, etc.).

This subclass is indented under subclass 407.01. Process wherein the testing or indicating includes means (a) for
arranging the various parts or tools in a desired relationship, (b) for
directing or regulating a motion or operation, or (c) for
furnishing with knowledge or teaching.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process of (1) fabricating the component
parts of a securing assembly comprised of a device (slider) which
travels along rows of fastener elements to engage or disengage the
elements, and any part peculiar to such assembly, or
for (2) joining together such component parts
in operative relation to each other.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process wherein two or more stock elements are interengaged
or integrally secured comprising subsequently separating a product
member from the stock elements along lines different than those
on which the interengagement or securement was effected so that
the resultant composite member includes a portion of every stock
element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Process in which the stock element is provided with a localized
area which has been reduced in strength so as to be more readily
fracturable than the remainder of the stock element comprising fracturing
the stock element through such area.

Cutting,
subclasses 861+ for cutting other than through the thickness of
a workpiece (stock element) which may be to weaken
the workpiece for subsequent breaking, especially, search subclasses
875+ for grooving and subclasses 879+ for scoring.

Severing by Breaking or Tearing,
subclass 2for a method of preliminarily weakening combined
with breaking or tearing and subclasses 94+ for apparatus
to preliminarily weaken combined with apparatus to break or tear.

This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Process in which a stock element (1) has
been worked on to produce a localized area of a different characteristic
from the remainder of the stock element or (2) has
another part or stock material assembled therewith at a localized area
comprising separating the product member from the stock element
through the localized area.

This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Process comprising separating at least two product members
from the stock element along a line which defines at least a portion
of the configuration of both those members, wherein the
line of separation is other than perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis of the stock.

This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Process comprising separating product members from a stock
element wherein the separated product members subsequently cooperate as
abutting, adjoining, interfitting, or
otherwise interacting assembled pieces of a blank or finished article.

This subclass is indented under subclass 412. Process comprising separating plural product members from
a forward end of an elongated stock element by repetitively subdividing
the stock element along a straight line transverse to the axis of
the stock element.

(1)Note. This subclass includes a process of (1) cutting
to length combined with significant treating, or (2) cutting
off more than one product member from a stock element, unless
provided for in a superior class.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process comprising manufacturing a product, wherein
the stock element is provided with a temporary protuberance, or
web which facilitates support or manipulation of the stock element
during manufacture and subsequently eliminating the protuberance
or web.

(1)Note. "Assembling" of a plurality
of stock elements is considered to be "manufacturing" in
this subclass.

Pipe Joints or Couplings,
subclass 23for a pipe joint or coupling with an assembly means
or feature comprising a holding means functioning only during transportation, assembly, or
disassembly and subclass 38 for a pipe joint or coupling with an
assembly means or feature comprising a handle or handwheel for rotary
engagement.

Joints and Connections,
subclass 12for a joint or connection, generally, with
an assembly means or feature comprising a holding means functioning
only during transportation, assembly, or disassembly
and subclass 17 for a joint or connection, generally, with
a handle or handwheel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process comprising changing the external configuration of
a mass of discrete solid particles, each particle being
a slender and threadlike body (1) while the particles
of said mass are acting as individual elements so that each is separately
shaped, or (2) treating a body formed
by uniting or associating such a mass of discrete solid particles.

Textiles: Manufacturing,
subclass 116for a process of and apparatus for the entangling
of fibers by mechanical working (e.g., felting) and
see, especially, subclass 118 for the compressing, compacting, or
shaping fibrous material into a wad or plug, and see the
search notes thereto for other process of treating fibrous material.

Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes,
subclasses 109+ for process of forming an article by uniting randomly
associated particles and subclass 174 for a process of forming continuous
or indefinite length work comprising a strand-like or filament-like
preform.

Manufacturing Container or Tube From Paper; or
Other Manufacturing From a Sheet or Web,
subclasses 39+ for the residual home for a process of making a
cigarette filter even if not constructed of sheet or web material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process including permanently altering the dimensions of
a magnetically responsive part beyond its elastic limit by means
of a force effected by direct application of a magnetic field to
that part.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process including permanently altering the dimensions of
a part beyond its elastic limit by means of a pressure differential
effected by direct action of a flowable material which is in immediate
contact with the part altered.

(1)Note. Permanently altering the dimensions of a part
requires stressing the part beyond its elastic limit thereby causing plastic
deformation.

Metal Treatment, appropriate subclasses for processes that combine use of
significant heat treatment of metal as a separate step with metal
deforming using an explosion to apply working pressure. Particularly, see
Class 148,
subclass 515, and section III, A, of
the Class 148 definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process including inwardly deforming the walls of an extant
end portion of an article containing or material containing receptacle
to decrease the size of the end opening and thereby prevent escape
of contents of the receptacle.

(1)Note. In the patents here classified the "container" has
a fixed, or more or less permanent, relationship
with the material encapsulated rather than being merely a temporary
or transient cover to form a package; for example, in
this subclass may be found metal bottles for gas storage the claims
reciting the association of the metal bottle with an absorbent material
for holding the gases which association of metal cover and absorbent material
is a permanent relationship. The mere association of the
metal bottle with the contained gases only, however, is
an example of the type of transient association that is not provided
for in this class but may be found in other appropriate classes. See
the Search Notes below.

Package Making, for a process of encompassing, encasing, or
completely surrounding goods or materials with a cover made from
sheet material stock, or for placing contents in a preformed
receptacle and closing. The processes of class (53) encase
or encompass goods and materials with a cover made from sheet material
stock which serves for identifying, protecting, or
unit handling the goods or materials. The cover is usually
removable from the contents when the latter is used; however, some
exceptions are found to this removable cover, including, e.g., match
books, capsules, and tea bags. Also see (1) Note
above.

Fluent Material Handling, With Receiver
or Receiver Coacting Means, for a process of or device for filling receivers
with fluent material and see the notes to the class definition of
Class 141 for the locus of other art relating to filling, and
see (1) Note, above.

This subclass is indented under subclass 592. Process including (1) provisionally assembling or
associating a work part with a separate sacrificial part or material, (2) performing
a manufacturing operation of treating or shaping on both assembled
or associated parts or materials, and (3) subsequently
discarding or destroying the sacrificial part or material.

(1)Note. This subclass does not provide for the temporary
association of a workpiece with a jig, fixture, tool, or
other apparatus used in the manufacturing operation. Rather, the
material of this subclass is in effect a part of the workpiece during
the manufacturing operation and is usually deformed, distorted, or
shaped along with the workpiece during the manufacturing operation. Search
the appropriate subclasses, below, for the associations mentioned
above.

for a process of placing a part in an environment
which is a simulation of that encountered in actual operation of the
part, treating the part, and then removing the
part for final assembly with other parts or for further treatment.

Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclass 118for process of assembling a plurality of parts
including first treating at least two of the contacting interfaces
of the parts to inhibit bonding, or selecting the materials
of at least two of the parts to provide a nonbonding interface, then
applying heat and/or pressure to the assembly to effect
bonding at the other interfaces.

This subclass is indented under subclass 423. Process in which the separate material associated with the
part is in the nature of a coating, impregnation, or
cast layer.

(1)Note. The coating is usually for the purpose of protecting
or supporting the coated surface during treating or shaping.

(2)Note. The terms "coating", "impregnation", and "cast
layer" as used in this definition are defined in the class
definition of Class 118, Coating Apparatus, sections
II and VII, and are as follows: "the
term coating is used throughout the definition in a generic sense
and could mean either (1) an initially fluent
film or layer of material lying on or bonded to the surface of a
base, or (2) an impregnating material
which penetrates the base either partially or completely and all
or part of which is retained therein, either in its original
form or physically or chemically combined therewith". Casting
includes applying a layer of material on a base, in which
the layer of such thickness as to require molds, walls, or
flanges on the base to retain the cast material thereon.