Transcription

2 Definition A genetically modified organism is altered by the means of genetic engineering so that it possesses a foreign gene (called the transgene) deliberately inserted in its genome GMOs can be classified in three broad categories: transgenic animals, plants or microorganisms

3 Isolate the gene from the donor organism Insert in a bacterial plasmid vector and multiply Insert the DNA in the acceptor animal - by direct injection in the fertilized egg - by microinjection in an embryonic stem cell and subsequent insertion in the uterus of a surrogate mother, or: Insert the foreign DNA in the acceptor plant s tissue

6 For higher crop yields For pure and environmentfriendly production (no use of insecticides) For improved characteristics e.g. bigger size or stronger flavour of fruit and vegetables For production of certain substances e.g. Golden rice

7 Genes can have more than one function and knockout can cause problems Transgenic salmon can put in danger the natural salmon population Trojan gene theory

8 Transgenic corn MON810 disturbs the function of the immune system, lowers the fertility of experimental mice and causes irregularities in the expression of the genes Pollution of non-gm crops by GM plant pollen or viruses Arise of resistant pests with unknown properties Golden rice case Flavr Savr tomato What will happen with damaged food chains?

17 Public opinions the worry : safety for the consumers Urgent questions : - dangerous? No notions of risks in the current EU regulations! - security of the food market! Any clear conclusions of researches - future parasites resistant to toxins in transgenic plants?

18 to stop the advance the technology? to protect the environment? to fight for more productive agricutlture? to increase the income for the country? biodiversity? genetic pollution? Who s blame?

19 Mutual compromise?!

20

21

22 Bulgarian scientists (Dr Eva Cherneva, Center for transgenic technologies in the Faculty of veterinary medicine, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Dr Didi Baev, research associate in molecular microbiology and genetics, State University of New York, USA) about GMO in Bulgaria: we are not prepared to deal with GMO, because there are too many variables in this equation. Bulgarian newspapers write that the growing of transgenic crops is the most ecological agriculture, that there haven t been any accidents with GMO until the moment, that these organisms have only positive applications. However, it is impossible to make a long-term prognosis about the effects of GMO on human health they may cause allergies or other problems. Bulgarian society doesn t have enough information on both the negatives and positives of GMO. And finally, ss James Watson putit, We can t play the role of God. Similar situation occurs in Poland. One difference is that the lobby in Poland (e.g. Greenpeace), and the authorities tend to the opposite direction, i.e. inform the public almost exclusively about the disadvantages of GMOs. A very good reflection of this seems to be the proportion in which google.pl gives as a first 100 found pages:

23

24

25 We have to remember that it is clear from various studies on public opinion and biotechnology that when the public judges biotechnological applications there are various levels of acceptability. First comes the priority of purpose. In general, applications intended to generate health and medical benefits are viewed most positively. This is followed by applications for environmental benefits. Food biotechnology has generated more concerns for a variety of reasons. When the technology succeeds in increasing the welfare of society, greater support for the application is elicited rather than when the purpose of transgenesis is seen as beneficial for certain individual (nonutilitarian) pursuits.

26

27

28

29 We can say that the relation of the majority of Europeans to genetically modified organisms is a result of a lack of interest in the topic or insufficient information. This seems to be extremely paradoxical if we pay attention to the fact that more than half of Europeans openly expressed disagreement, if not hostility to GMOs. The question of why transgenic animals do not produce so negative reactions as GM plants (although the influence of transgenic crops in our daily life appears to be equally significant), seems to have not only one answer. However, few of these reasons seem to stand out, and we would like to repeat them once more. First and foremost, the majority of Europeans have only minimal knowledge about GM animals and plants. Second, people who are trying to find information on this subject encounter great difficulty in reaching independent and reliable sources, which would enable them to develop their own mind. As a third and the last we have to keep in mind that in today's realities, even the biggest skeptics accept GM animals, which are bioreactors of medicines, as creations ethically justified, in opposed to GM plants which are created almost in each case for profit.

Genetic Engineering Vector, plasmid, gene, genetic engineering, genetically modified (GM), insulin Learning Outcomes You will be able to: Describe the importance of being able to locate the position of

Name: Period: Date: I. OVERVIEW OF GENETIC ENGINEERING: Biotechnology refers to technology used to DNA. The procedures are often referred to as. is the genetic material of all living organisms. o All organisms

EU SOCRATES/ ERASMUS PROGRAM IP PROJECT: BIOETHICS IN LIFE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES. 14-27 APRIL 2008, PERUGIA DO WE HAVE TO PROHIBIT GMO IN ORGANIC FARMING? Sofia Tsaknaki Madalina Ecaterina Cucu Elene-Irina

Chapter-12 Biotechnology and its Applications Very Short Answers Questions: 1. Give different types of cry genes and pests which are controlled by the proteins encoded by these genes? A: cryiac, cryiiab

B2 Topic 1 revision The building blocks of life Class revision with exam questions Animal cells What is aerobic respiration? Aerobic respiration is the process of releasing energy through the oxidation

1. A recombinant DNA molecules is one that is a. produced through the process of crossing over that occurs in meiosis b. constructed from DNA from different sources c. constructed from novel combinations

Frequently asked questions on genetically modified foods These questions and answers have been prepared by WHO in response to questions and concerns from WHO Member State Governments with regard to the

USE OF TRANSGENIC ANIMALS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BIOLOGICAL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS FOR HUMAN USE Guideline Title Use Of Transgenic Animals In The Manufacture Of Biological Medicinal Products For Human Use Legislative

What are GMOs? You ve heard or seen all of these terms: genetic engineering, genetically modified, genetically modified organism (GMO). They are all related to biotechnology. Basically, they refer to the

1 So, what is biotechnology?? The use of living organisms to carry out defined chemical processes for industrial or commercial application. The office of Technology Assessment of the U.S. Congress defines

What is Biotechnology? Student answers: Biotechnology Definition the science of altering genetic and reproductive processes in plants and animals What is Genetic Engineering? Student answers Genetic Engineering

Biotechnology bio and technology The use of living organisms to solve problems or make useful products. Biotechnology has been practiced for the last 10,000 years. Selective breeding Use of microbes (bacteria

Genetic Engineering Genetically-modified animals Bovine Growth Hormone (BGH) Protein that increases milk production when injected How did scientists get bacteria to produce BGH? Goals: Be able to Describe

Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetically Modified Organisms Submitted to Carmen Derksen Business English 156 Submitted by Mike Prodan December 7, 2012 Advantages and Disadvantages of Genetically Modified

Chapter 9 Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA Biotechnology and Recombinant DNA Q&A Interferons are species specific, so that interferons to be used in humans must be produced in human cells. Can you think

Genetically Modified Foods OMG! GMO!! What are GMO foods? Genetic material from one organism is put into another New genetic material gives the plant or animal abilities or characteristics it didn t have

Chapter 23 Definitions of GMO/LMO and modern biotechnology JAN HUSBY NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF GENE ECOLOGY (GENØK), TROMSØ, NORWAY Three different definitions but the same legal interpretation? There are

Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology Chapter 18 Lecture Objectives What Is Recombinant DNA? How Are New Genes Inserted into Cells? What Sources of DNA Are Used in Cloning? What Other Tools Are Used to Study

1 of 7 9/7/2012 4:45 PM History of Agricultural Biotechnology: How Crop Development has Evolved By: Wieczorek Ania (Dept of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hi at Manoa) & Wright Mark (Dept

Animal Pharming: The Industrialization of Transgenic Animals December 1999 Animal pharming, the process of using transgenic animals to produce human drugs, is staking its claim in a lucrative world market.

Stem Cell Quick Guide: Stem Cell Basics What is a Stem Cell? Stem cells are the starting point from which the rest of the body grows. The adult human body is made up of hundreds of millions of different

GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD The debate surrounding genetically modified (GM) food has been ongoing for more than a decade, particularly within the EU where there are mixed views

PLO B6: Genetic Engineering is the direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes Genetic Engineering (cont d) Recombinant (r): from one species inserted into another species Usually use viruses &

Doctor of Philosophy Program in Microbiology FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE Naresuan University 171 Doctor of Philosophy Program in Microbiology The time is critical now for graduate education and research

America s Future is Pharming Kenna Kimmel Robby McArdle Adrian O Haver -Many are able to be delivered directly by eating the plant or drinking the milk. http://www.saynotogmos.org - Pharming is the use

11111 This fact sheet describes the process of cloning and producing stem cells. It outlines the potential benefits, ethical challenges, and provides an overview of the current policies governing the technology.

FAQs: Gene drives - - What is a gene drive? During normal sexual reproduction, each of the two versions of a given gene has a 50 percent chance of being inherited by a particular offspring (Fig 1A). Gene

CRIME LAB FORENSICS Description Crime Lab Forensics, which is a laboratory-based course, will promote and cultivate the development of student s scientific inquiry and scientific method skills, which are

Biology BIO Biology Biology is a scientific subject that has its origins in the need of human beings to know more about themselves and the world around them. It is the theory of life, its origins, evolution,

Teacher Notes Introduction This activity is based on an article explaining the genetics. Several activities are included on the student sheet to focus their engagement with the text. You may not wish to

Regulation of Human and Therapeutic Cloning The purpose of this bill is to establish and regulate what types of cloning technologies and processes will be legal in the United States; furthermore, the bill

Roles of Plant Tissue Culture in Plant Genetic Engineering What are Transgenic Plants? Plants that contain a source gene inserted from a species outside of the target plant species. The gene may 1) have

Name: Class: Date: Genetic Technology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. An application of using DNA technology to help environmental scientists

RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY By; Dr. Adeel Chaudhary 2 nd yr Molecular Genetics Medical Technology College of Applied Medical Sciences Recombinant DNA is a form of artificial DNA that is made through the

Sciences Experiences and outcomes The sciences framework provides a range of different contexts for learning which draw on important aspects of everyday life and work. Learning in the sciences will enable

MASTER LIST OF POSSIBLE QUESTIONS FOR FARMER INTERVIEWS: Choose a subset of 15-20 of these questions and have them ready in case the conversation hits a slow spot. Personal History When did you start farming?

Statement of ethical principles for biotechnology in Victoria Statement of ethical principles for biotechnology in Victoria Acknowledgments Published by the Public Health Group, Rural & Regional Health

Name: 8931-1 - Page 1 1) The diagram below represents one possible immune response that can occur in the human body. 5) One similarity between cell receptors and antibodies is that both A) are involved

Name Period The AP Biology exam has reached into this chapter for essay questions on a regular basis over the past 15 years. Student responses show that biotechnology is a difficult topic. This chapter

GENETICS & GENETIC ENGINEERING 23 APRIL 2014 In this lesson we: Lesson Description State what is meant by genetic engineering State what is meant by biotechnology Describe how each of the following examples

A Seminar report on Genetic Engineering Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Computer Science SUBMITTED TO: www.studymafia.org SUBMITTED

GENE CLONING AND RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY What is recombinant DNA? DNA from 2 different sources (often from 2 different species) are combined together in vitro. Recombinant DNA forms the basis of cloning.

Genetic modification 2002/01 21 February 2002 Introduction What is GM? The Parliamentary Library has prepared a resource document to assist MPs in informing themselves about the genetic modification issue.

Genetic Engineering of Plants Chem 210 3/22/00 What we ve learned so far... Genes can be cloned into vectors (such as plasmids). These vectors can be introduced into bacteria (such as E. coli). The foreign

GMO Food is it a threat for All Research indicates effects on consumers MONSANTO a global GMO seeds giant distributing dealers with all new seeds in India. While these seeds yield bumper crops and good

November 2009 Understanding Vaccines, Vaccine Development and Production Vaccines, in general, help protect people from harmful infections before they come in contact with the disease. Vaccines may also

REVIEW Key Concepts Unit 2 Plants For Food And Fibre 1.0 Structures and Life Processes Seed plants have roots, stems, leaves and either flowers or cones Each structure performs a specific function Life

Introduction to the Biotechnology Supplement What is Biotechnology? Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes

Biotechnology 1. Which of the following is an example of gene splicing? a segment of human DNA is inserted into the DNA sequence of a bacterium a mutation that occurs during meiosis results in a chromosomal

organisms and the environment as a whole. DNA are referred to as genetically modified organisms or pollution and resource crises. Organisms with artificially altered in agriculture, and has the potential

IELTS Speaking Part Three- Typical Questions and Answers Take turns asking your partner questions from below for three or four minutes, discussing each answer more if you want to. Are people in your country

DNA Technology Mapping a plasmid A first step in working with DNA is mapping the DNA molecule. One way to do this is to use restriction enzymes (restriction endonucleases) that are naturally found in bacteria

1 10 00 15 11 Pay close attention to what you are about to see. These images will be seen around the world. These rats have been fed with transgenic corn during their entire life. The tumours they suffer

Home Page News Updates History of Plant Breeding What Are Transgenic Plants? How Do You Make A Transgenic Plant? Introduction to DNA Locating genes for plant traits Designing genes for insertion Transformation

New Directions: The Ethics of Synthetic Biology and Emerging Technologies Q: What is synthetic biology? Frequently Asked Questions A: Synthetic biology is the name given to an emerging field of research

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PLANT PATHOLOGY SCOPE AND IMPORTANCE Pl. Path 604 What is biotechnology? Biology+ technology i.e. involves the exploitation of biological agents or their components for generating userful

DNA Fingerprinting Unless they are identical twins, individuals have unique DNA DNA fingerprinting The name used for the unambiguous identifying technique that takes advantage of differences in DNA sequence

IGCSE Human Biology The IGCSE Human Biology course will teach you about the structure and functions of the human body and develop and appreciation of how the human organism maintains itself. Besides its

MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY Name / Date / Period Read the website article What Is Microbiology? and answer the following questions in complete sentences. (The questions are in order as the answer appears in the

Exploring the Life Sciences The California Society for Biomedical Research P.O. Box 19340, Sacramento, CA 95819-0340 www.ca-biomed.org/csbr Life-Science Crossword Puzzle Fill in the missing words in the

Quality and Safety Evaluation of Gene Therapy Products in Japan Review Mechanism for Gene Therapy in Japan The review mechanism for gene therapy in Japan was partially amended to simplify the necessary