The U.S. Navy is working on new technology for its gas-turbine engines in order to decrease fuel consumption without sacrificing performance.

The answer, according to the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), is equipping current gas-turbine engines with Rotating Detonation Engine (RDE) technology. These engines could not only efficiently provide propulsion for Navy planes and ships, but also create electricity for an all-electric propulsion system.

The Navy currently uses gas-turbine engines that are based on the Brayton thermodynamic cycle, where air is compressed, combined with fuel, combusted at a constant pressure and expanded. This allows for propulsion or generating electricity, just like the RDEs. However, the Brayton cycle is less efficient than the detonation cycle.

Dr. Kazhikathra Kailasanath, head of NRL's Laboratories for Computational Physics and Fluid Dynamics, noted the following in a 2011 paper for the NRL Review:

The challenge with detonation engines is realizing the efficiency of the detonation cycle. Concepts such as oblique detonation-wave engines have failed to be able to recover the efficiency of this detonation cycle, because much of the energy of the inflow is bound up in kinetic energy, which does not increase the pressure and thus does not improve the efficiency. Pulse detonation engines have taken a different approach by creating an unsteady process that removes the requirement of having high velocity inflow. This creates a whole new set of issues, such as rapid initiation of detonations and the requirement of efficient detonators.

The rotating detonation engine takes a different approach toward realizing the efficiency of the detonation cycle. By allowing the detonation to propagate azimuthally around an annular combustion chamber, the kinetic energy of the inflow can be held to a relatively low value, and thus the RDE can use most of the compression for gains in efficiency, while the flow field matches the steady detonation cycle closely.

Currently, the Navy has 129 ships with 430 gas-turbine engines that burn $2 billion of fuel annually. By equipping engines with RDE technology, power could be increased by 10 percent while fuel consumption would decrease by 25 percent. The Navy could also save $300-$400 million annually.

Not so much wrong with hippies, but the EPA is a whole different can of worms.

I work in an Environmental Testing Laboratory, where we run analysis on water and soil to help clients with compliance with EPA regulations. In other words we are the ones who monitor what chemicals are in the drinking water and waste water and soils to ensure water is safe to drink and that companies are not polluting. While the EPA's mission may be noble, the bureaucracy that is the EPA today is the biggest waste of brain power I have ever seen. They have not begun monitoring for current risks such as newer pesticides instead we are still monitoring water for DDT which has not been used in the US for decades and other pesticides that are never used these days because others have replaced them. You could take a new pesticide and dump it right at the inlet of a drinking water plant and no one would ever know because the EPA does not regulate it and has not put out any methodologies for testing for it.

For many tests that are mandated we are forced to use 20-30 year old technology instead of modern methods of analysis simply because the EPA has not updated or approved anything new. I also once met some EPA chemists at a conference discussing new technology and found they were using it in their lab and I asked why we could not use it also, the reply way "we are the EPA, we do not have to follow the regulations but you do". In other words if you work for the EPA you can do whatever you want to report compliance data but otherwise you can be sent to jail if you do not use what is approved. We have also had discussions where our chemist have shown that an official method does not work as stated, by virtue that the chemistry just does not work, yet they will tell you if that is how it is written is it how it must be done even if it is wrong. The FDA is just as bad because it has been proven that the method they have as the approved method to test for heavy metals in foods which shows positive results by a color change, does not change color for 5 of the 10 heavy metals on the list, yet for ten years after this being proven true, it is still the only approved method to test for heavy metals in foods. That method is over 50 years old and there are much much better methods today using spectroscopy to identify each individual metal and its exact concentration yet they are still not approved.

The EPA today is more worried about politics and personal promotion than it is public safety, so don't blindly put your faith in them alone to keep the world safe from harmful chemicals in the environment. The EPA has become more of a way for the Executive branch to circumvent the Legislative branch in government than true protectors of the environment. Honestly the activist today are much better at spotting and bringing to light environmental problems than government agencies can. Our laboratory works with both sides and that seems to be the only way most of the problems will be found.

Well I do know scientists who are hippies or maybe it is hippies who are scientists, the two are not mutually exclusive. Of course I was not even contrasting the two, simply stating my experiences with the EPA as an organization, which is more bureaucrat now than scientist run.

The overwhelming disconnect between how things are and how you think things are and should be. i.e. - Attaining world peace through pacifism.

quote: What's wrong with the EPA, you hate living nature or something?

The basic idea of protecting our environment and natural resources is sound...but like anything, once the government is involved it becomes a bloated, ineffective wad of red tape that's far off from its stated mission.

That, plus the EPA pushing forth mandates and regulations based on pseudo-scientific research like "global warming" and "climate change".

quote: Try surviving without breathable air, drinkable water and non-toxic food for five minutes. There's your answer why we need both "hippies" and EPA (or equivalent thereof in other countries.)

Don't hippies spend most of their time huffing weed instead of air...or medicinal herbs as they call it now?

There is no doubt that we need strong policies that protect our environment - but these protections need to be based on real data and rather than populist theories that are not scientifically verifiable (or repeatable, in terms of experimentation).

Climatologists do not engage in "pseudo-science". If some people are hippies, and you're fine using stereotypical labels, than that makes you a nutjob rightwing skeptic.

Climatology is a real science. The pseudo-scientists are those who rely on premises not based on hard data and experimental modelling, i.e. they rely on fanciful imagined scenarios that can't be proven experimentally or downplay the impact of climate change because it was already much warmer in the past...long long ago when Humanity's ancestors were tiny mammals who lived in underground burrows hiding from dinosaur predators.

I find it absolutely depressing that you can both refer to the Scientific Method as justification right after denying the existence of a Science itself. You can't have it both ways or select whichever suits your then prevailing set of personal beliefs (belief systems are not Science).

quote: They rely on fanciful imagined scenarios that can't be proven experimentally or downplay the impact of climate change because it was already much warmer in the past.

The fact that the earth was substantially warmer in the past for a longer period of time than it has been at its current temperature is not an imagined scenario.

We've only been tracking weather stats for about 200 years, and of that 200 years only within recent decades have we been able to deploy a network of sensors around the globe to monitor various conditions. You're arguing that we should ignore millions, if not billions, of years of geological evidence with regards to the earth's climate and jump on the "man-made global warming" bandwagon because of 50-60 years of data - a lot of which is cherry-picked to support flawed doomsday theories.

quote: I find it absolutely depressing that you can both refer to the Scientific Method as justification right after denying the existence of a Science itself.

So...what about the overwhelming majority of scientists self-identifying as liberals, working in liberal institutions that receive large amounts of tax-payer money to fund "research"...much of this research being manipulated to predict some doomsday scenario, grossly overstating the effect that man-made activities have on the climate, in order to secure continued funding for said research?

A bunch of scientists, who are essentially drones, agreeing with each other is proof of nothing.

This is how science works:

1) Formulate a Theory2) Devise an experiment to test theory3) Perform experiment and observe results4) Repeat and notate if results are consistent or varied5) Confirm or deny theory based on consistency or lack thereof in results.

This is how the "man-made global warming" scientists work:

1) Decide theory that is likely to attract funding2) Devise experiment that produces results supporting theory3) Perform experiment and achieve desired results4) Ensure your grant letters are ready to go5) Claim you've discovered that the sky is falling because of big bad corporations polluting mother earth and that you need more funding to find out the solution, plus you need your tenure extended another 20 years.

So you can see the disparity between what real scientists do and what liberals pretending they are scientists do.

What I find hilarious is how liberals believe they're "evolved" because they denounce religion and replace it with pseudo-science as their belief system, believing that it is more "real" than a some spiritual deity. Sorry to say but you're still the collective of human stupidity that you have been all along.

"A politician stumbles over himself... Then they pick it out. They edit it. He runs the clip, and then he makes a funny face, and the whole audience has a Pavlovian response." -- Joe Scarborough on John Stewart over Jim Cramer