In recent years Jason Goodwin has been making his name with a series of thrillers about a nineteenth century Ottoman detective and eunuch called Yashim. Before that, in 1998 however, he published a very interesting history of the Ottoman Empire. Here we have featured Caroline Finkel's work on the subject. It is a huge and detailed book but if you are looking for something more lyrical, more literary and, well, more fun then try Goodwin's history. He relies heavily on the accounts of westerners through the ages, such as Ogier Ghislen de Busbecq, whom we have featured here. More than a century later, in this extract from 1688, the French ambassador reported that the "most important occupation of the Sultan's treasurer was to look for new slave girls and to dress them."

In Mehmet IV's harem apartments, he wrote, "the number of women reached four thousand, including those in his mother's as well as his lover's service. Although the plague often devastated such a multitude, their number never fell below two thousand, owing to the careful and continuous recruitment of replacements. All these women were slave girls and even the lowest-ranking ones cost some four or five hundred thalers. They wore the most expensive clothes, belts and fasteners studded with gems, earrings and several strings of pearls. Each mistress of the sultan had the power to free and to give in marriage any slave girls who were in her service or who aroused her jealousy. When these freed women left the palace they took with them all the precious stones and money they had managed to accumulate there." Thomas Dallam allegedly glimpsed them through a little grate in a wall in 1599, believing they were boys until he noticed their plaits, and "britchis of scamatie, a fine clothe made of cotton woll, as whyte as snow and as fine as lane; for I could desarne the skin of their thies throughe it". His terrified guide "made a wrye mouth, and stamped with his foute to make me give over looking; the which I was verrie loth to dow, for that sights did please me wondrous well."

The women could hope either to get on, by producing an heir, or to get out. A woman's chances of bedding the Sultan, though, were extremely remote. Merely to catch the Sultan's fancy was hard enough, for the majority of sultans were essentially family men, and many jealousies had to be allayed, and friendships forged before a girl was allowed to catch his eye. The most important woman in the harem was the Sultan's mother, who was allowed to call him by a name other than Padishah  Aslanim, "My Little Lion". She, of course, strove to keep his attentions focused on her protégées; and the machination of these women to promote their own sons to the sultanate, the struggle of the queen mother and her daughters-in-law with the mothers of rival princes, and between lowly newcomers anxious to ingratiate themselves, made the atmosphere of the harem one of poisoned indolence in which pseudo-tasks were eagerly pursued and everyone sought something to do, some rank  to wash the Sultan's underwear, or to care for the clothes and jewellery of the more favoured women. Hardly surprising then, that sultans turned a bit cracked. Sultan Ibrahim, apparently, rode his girls like horses through rooms lined in fur from ceiling to floor.