Psychology Study Guide 1

Terms

In Freudâ€™s theory, the region of the mind that compromises the ego ideal (what a person would ideally like to be) and the conscience (taught by parents and society).

Ego

In Freudâ€™s theory, the region of the mind that seeks to satisfy instinctual needs in accordance with reality.

Id

In Freudâ€™s theory, the region of the mind that is the source of a personâ€™s instinctual energy and that works mainly on the pleasure of principle.

Unconscious

According to Freud, the level of the mind that consists of thoughts, urges, and memories that are not within a personâ€™s awareness.

Preconscious

According to Freud, the level of the mind that contains those experiences of which a person is not currently conscious but may become so, with varying degrees of difficulty.

6. Conscious

According to Freud, the level of the mind that consists of those experiences that a person is aware of at any given time.

Early Childhood Experiences

The foundation of personality is shaped mostly by

Sexual and Aggressive

Punishment of a childâ€™s ___ and ___ behaviors results in repression of at least part of these experiences and leads to psychological conflict.

Anxiety

Unconscious psychological conflict creates

10. Oral Stage

Freudâ€™s first stage of personality development, from birth to about age 2, during which the instincts of the infant are focused on the mouth as the primary pleasure center.

Anal Stage

Freudâ€™s second stage of personality development, from about age 2 to about age 3, during which children learn to control the immediate gratification they obtain through defecation and to become responsive to the demands of society.

Phallic Stage

Freudâ€™s third stage of personality development, from about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the genitals.

Latency Stage

Freudâ€™s fourth stage of personality development, from about age 7 until puberty, during which sexual urges are inactive.

Genital Stage

Freudâ€™s last stage of personality development, from the onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of a childhood resurface and are often resolved.

Oedipus Complex

A group of unconscious wishes to have sexual intercourse with the parent of the opposite sex and to kill or remove the parent of the same, which arise during Freudâ€™s Phallic Stage and are ultimately resolved through identification with parent of the same sex.

Fixation

An excessive attachment to some person, object, or behavior that was appropriate only at an earlier stage of development.

Rationalization

Defense mechanism by which people reinterpret undesirable feelings or behaviors in terms that make them seem acceptable.

Repression

Defense mechanism by which anxiety-provoking thoughts and feelings are forced into the unconscious.

Regression

Defense mechanism by which a person is driven by anxiety to return to an earlier stage of psychosexual development.

Projection

Defense mechanism by which people attribute their own undesirable traits to others.

Denial

Defense Mechanism by which people refuse to accept reality or recognize the true source of anxiety.