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Law school student at Fordham University. Studied before at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service.

Simple Answer:
Communism. China is a single-party republic ruled by the Communist
Party.

International Relations Theory Answer:
China is a right-wing Leninist State, not a Communist one. Leninism
is the political theory that a single party rules the government
and governs all affairs as opposed to individual politicians. The
confusion stems from the fact that the single party in China is the
Communist Party even though they do not practice Communist
political theory, but rather state-directed, right-wing economic
and political theory.

CIA Factbook Answer
The CIA classifies China's government as a "communist
state". The CIA further defines communism as:

"a system of government in which the state plans and controls the
economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power;
state controls are imposed with the elimination of private
ownership of property or capital while claiming to make progress
toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared
by the people (i.e., a classless society)."

However, the actual functioning of Chinese society and economy is a
bit schizophrenic. In its attempt to become a more powerful
economic force in the world and to improve its industrial
infrastructure, China's laws about private property and private
companies have become more and more capitalist in nature. Property
rights are starting to be taken seriously, which encourages private
development and private investment in the Chinese economy.

The communist tendency to control all industry is still at odds
with this growing quasi-capitalist economy, and they have not yet
worked out the difference between "restrictions for the sake of
government control" and "protecting consumers from dangerous
products and fraud".
Communist.

Other opinions:

They are not communist. Communism does not have a centralized
government. They are closer to socialism than communism. I would
say a mixture of totalitarian and socialism.

China was never Communist, it was Socialist, but now it's
basically a single party, part socialist, part capitalist,
authoritarian/ totalitarian oligarchy with figurehead leaders.

Functionally, it is a highly bureaucratic, multi-level,
single-party republic. Starting at the very lowest levels, the
Chinese elect a representative to serve on a local council. These
councils elect a representative to the city council, which elects a
member to a regional council, etc. The current system requires
everyone to be a member of the same political party. The system can
be called communist, however, it is a relatively unique system in
which an established bureaucracy is interwoven into a republican
structure with Marxist overtones (philosophy). Frankly, it's a bit
of puzzle to classify.

The People's Republic of China is a single-party republic. The
only political party is the Communist Party so even though there
are "elections" in China, they are all members of the same
political party. And even then, the Chinese people have a lot less
say in who their leaders are than in a western-style democracy or
republic.

There is the concept of "One country, Two systems". Since the
return of Hong Kong and Macau to China is 1997 and 1999
respectively, the Central government has granted the two special
administrative regions some forms of political freedom, such as the
democratic election of the Chief Executive in 2012 in Hong
Kong.

The Current Government of China is one party Communist State,
that has embraced right-wing economic and right-wing social
institutions.

China is not communist, like many people believe. It's a
single-party republic led by the Communist Party of China and can
be characterized as capitalist. There's a difference.

China has an autocratic socialist system of government.

It is a Communist country effectively governing and operating
as a Dictatorship.

China is a one-party state, with real power lying with the Chinese Communist party. The country is governed under the constitution of 1982 as amended, the fifth constitu…tion since the accession of the Communists in 1949. The unicameral legislature is the National People's Congress (NPC), consisting of deputies who are indirectly elected to terms of five years. The NPC decides on national economic strategy, elects or removes high officeholders, and can change China's constitution; it normally follows the directives of the Communist party's politburo. The executive branch consists of the president, who is head of state, and the premier, who is head of government. The president is elected by the NPC for a five-year term and and is eligible for reelection. The premier is nominated by the president and approved by the NPC. Administratively, the country is divided into 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, and four municipalities. Despite the concentration of power in the Communist party, the central government's control over the provinces and local governments is limited, and they are often able to act with relative impunity in many areas. For the source and more detailed information concerning your request, click on the related links section indicated below. A communism

Officially, the country was ruled by the Republic of China, which had become a military dictatorship by that point. However, the Republic of China was losing control of th…e country to communist rebels and local warlords. In 1937, the Japanese invaded China, making everything more complicated. In 1949, the communist rebels win and establish China's current government.

Before 1912, China was a monarchy. From 1912-present, China is a Republic. In 1949, there was a major change in the China political system; the US supported-KMT Party was defe…ated and replaced on the Chinese mainland by the current party which is the Communist Party of China. The KMT still has authority in Taiwan after its retreat from the mainland.