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Key to the Historical Atlas of South America

Caveat on all the maps

These maps exist for educational and general reference purposes only. While all efforts have been made to make them as accurate as possible without destroying clarity, there is no absolute guarantee of accuracy. As such, these maps have no reliability for purposes of navigation, border disputes, or tribal claims.

These maps are about power and political reality, not legitimacy

International borders reflect those recognized at the time by most powers, colors reflect control at the time. Neither has anything to do with what was then or is now perceived as right or wrong, just or unjust.

Legend for the Historical Atlas of South America (13 December 1864)

Political Control Color Guide

As used in the Historical Atlas of South America (13 December 1864). May differ for other dates and regions.

Britain

France

Netherlands

Portugal

Stripes indicate regions of divided control or influence. Annotations and rollovers will often provide more information.