Wisdom teeth removal

What are teeth made of?

The part of the tooth that you can see above the gum is called the crown. This is covered in hard, shiny enamel. Enamel is the hardest substance in the body and protects the more sensitive inner parts of the tooth.

Underneath this is the dentine – a sensitive substance that makes up most of the tooth. Dentine is a hard substance, though not quite as hard as enamel.

Dentine protects the inner part of the tooth, called the pulp. The pulp is where each tooth's blood supply and nerve endings are found. The blood supply is what keeps the teeth alive and healthy. The nerve endings send messages to the brain, such as whether you're eating something hot or cold, or if you have a decayed or damaged tooth.

The pulp goes all the way into the root of the tooth, which is hidden under your gum. Cementum covers the root of the tooth, and periodontal fibres connect the tooth to the jawbone.

Types of teeth

There are four different types of teeth:

Incisors. These are your four front teeth on the top and bottom jaw. They’re used for cutting and chopping food.

Canine teeth. These are sharp, pointy teeth. You have one on each side of your incisors on your top and bottom jaw, making a total of four. They help to tear food.

Premolars. Next to your canine teeth are your premolars (also called bicuspid teeth). You have eight premolars in total: four on your top jaw and four on the bottom. They are bigger and wider than your incisors and canine teeth, and are used for crushing and grinding food.

Molars. You have eight molars: four on top and four on the bottom. These are your strongest teeth and work with your tongue to help you swallow food, mashing it up until it's ready to be swallowed safely.