16 U.S. Code § 824 - Declaration of policy; application of subchapter

It is declared that the business of transmitting and selling electric energy for ultimate distribution to the public is affected with a public interest, and that Federal regulation of matters relating to generation to the extent provided in this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter and of that part of such business which consists of the transmission of electric energy in interstate commerce and the sale of such energy at wholesale in interstate commerce is necessary in the public interest, such Federal regulation, however, to extend only to those matters which are not subject to regulation by the States.

(b) Use or sale of electric energy in interstate commerce

(1)The provisions of this subchapter shall apply to the transmission of electric energy in interstate commerce and to the sale of electric energy at wholesale in interstate commerce, but except as provided in paragraph (2) shall not apply to any other sale of electric energy or deprive a State or State commission of its lawful authority now exercised over the exportation of hydroelectric energy which is transmitted across a State line. The Commission shall have jurisdiction over all facilities for such transmission or sale of electric energy, but shall not have jurisdiction, except as specifically provided in this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter, over facilities used for the generation of electric energy or over facilities used in local distribution or only for the transmission of electric energy in intrastate commerce, or over facilities for the transmission of electric energy consumed wholly by the transmitter.

(2)Notwithstanding subsection (f) of this section, the provisions of sections
824b(a)(2),
824e(e),
824i,
824j,
824j–1,
824k,
824o,
824p,
824q,
824r,
824s,
824t,
824u, and
824v of this title shall apply to the entities described in such provisions, and such entities shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission for purposes of carrying out such provisions and for purposes of applying the enforcement authorities of this chapter with respect to such provisions. Compliance with any order or rule of the Commission under the provisions of section
824b(a)(2),
824e(e),
824i,
824j,
824j–1,
824k,
824o,
824p,
824q,
824r,
824s,
824t,
824u, or
824v of this title, shall not make an electric utility or other entity subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission for any purposes other than the purposes specified in the preceding sentence.

(c) Electric energy in interstate commerce

For the purpose of this subchapter, electric energy shall be held to be transmitted in interstate commerce if transmitted from a State and consumed at any point outside thereof; but only insofar as such transmission takes place within the United States.

(d) “Sale of electric energy at wholesale” defined

The term “sale of electric energy at wholesale” when used in this subchapter, means a sale of electric energy to any person for resale.

(e) “Public utility” defined

The term “public utility” when used in this subchapter and subchapter III of this chapter means any person who owns or operates facilities subject to the jurisdiction of the Commission under this subchapter (other than facilities subject to such jurisdiction solely by reason of section
824e(e),
824e(f),[1]824i,
824j,
824j–1,
824k,
824o,
824p,
824q,
824r,
824s,
824t,
824u, or
824v of this title).

(f) United States, State, political subdivision of a State, or agency or instrumentality thereof exempt

No provision in this subchapter shall apply to, or be deemed to include, the United States, a State or any political subdivision of a State, an electric cooperative that receives financing under the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 901 et seq.) or that sells less than 4,000,000 megawatt hours of electricity per year, or any agency, authority, or instrumentality of any one or more of the foregoing, or any corporation which is wholly owned, directly or indirectly, by any one or more of the foregoing, or any officer, agent, or employee of any of the foregoing acting as such in the course of his official duty, unless such provision makes specific reference thereto.

(g) Books and records

(1)Upon written order of a State commission, a State commission may examine the books, accounts, memoranda, contracts, and records of—

(A)an electric utility company subject to its regulatory authority under State law,

(B)any exempt wholesale generator selling energy at wholesale to such electric utility, and

(C)any electric utility company, or holding company thereof, which is an associate company or affiliate of an exempt wholesale generator which sells electric energy to an electric utility company referred to in subparagraph (A),

wherever located, if such examination is required for the effective discharge of the State commission’s regulatory responsibilities affecting the provision of electric service.

(2)Where a State commission issues an order pursuant to paragraph (1), the State commission shall not publicly disclose trade secrets or sensitive commercial information.

(3)Any United States district court located in the State in which the State commission referred to in paragraph (1) is located shall have jurisdiction to enforce compliance with this subsection.

(4)Nothing in this section shall—

(A)preempt applicable State law concerning the provision of records and other information; or

(B)in any way limit rights to obtain records and other information under Federal law, contracts, or otherwise.

(5)As used in this subsection the terms “affiliate”, “associate company”, “electric utility company”, “holding company”, “subsidiary company”, and “exempt wholesale generator” shall have the same meaning as when used in the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005 [42 U.S.C. 16451 et seq.].

[1] So in original. Section
824e of this title does not contain a subsec. (f).

The Rural Electrification Act of 1936, referred to in subsec. (f), is act May 20, 1936, ch. 432, 49 Stat. 1363, as amended, which is classified generally to chapter 31 (§ 901 et seq.) of Title 7, Agriculture. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section
901 of Title
7 and Tables.

The Public Utility Holding Company Act of 2005, referred to in subsec. (g)(5), is subtitle F of title XII of Pub. L. 109–58, Aug. 8, 2005, 119 Stat. 972, which is classified principally to part D (§ 16451 et seq.) of subchapter
XII of chapter
149 of Title
42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section
15801 of Title
42 and Tables.

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–58, § 1291(c), which directed amendment of subsec. (f) by substituting “political subdivision of a State, an electric cooperative that receives financing under the Rural Electrification Act of 1936 (7 U.S.C. 901 et seq.) or that sells less than 4,000,000 megawatt hours of electricity per year,” for “political subdivision of a state,”, was executed by making the substitution for “political subdivision of a State,” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–617, § 204(b)(2), inserted “(other than facilities subject to such jurisdiction solely by reason of section
824i,
824j, or
824k of this title)” after “under this subchapter”.

Effective Date of 2005 Amendment

Amendment by section 1277(b)(1) ofPub. L. 109–58effective 6 months after Aug. 8, 2005, with provisions relating to effect of compliance with certain regulations approved and made effective prior to such date, see section 1274 ofPub. L. 109–58, set out as an Effective Date note under section
16451 of Title
42, The Public Health and Welfare.

State Authorities; Construction

Nothing in amendment by Pub. L. 102–486to be construed as affecting or intending to affect, or in any way to interfere with, authority of any State or local government relating to environmental protection or siting of facilities, see section 731 ofPub. L. 102–486, set out as a note under section
796 of this title.

“(a) Prior Actions.—No provision of this title [enacting sections
823a,
824i to
824k,
824a–1 to
824a–3 and
825q–1 of this title, amending sections
796,
824,
824a,
824d, and
825d of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections
824a,
824d, and
825d of this title] or of any amendment made by this title shall apply to, or affect, any action taken by the Commission [Federal Energy Regulatory Commission] before the date of the enactment of this Act [Nov. 9, 1978].

“(b) Other Authorities.—No provision of this title [enacting sections
823a,
824i to
824k,
824a–1 to
824a–3 and
825q–1 of this title, amending sections
796,
824,
824a,
824d, and
825d of this title and enacting provisions set out as notes under sections
824a,
824d, and
825d of this title] or of any amendment made by this title shall limit, impair or otherwise affect any authority of the Commission or any other agency or instrumentality of the United States under any other provision of law except as specifically provided in this title.”