Nightwish

Tags:symphonic metal, Power metal, Gothic Metal

Nightwish is a symphonic metal band from Kitee, Finland. The band was formed in 1996 by lead songwriter and keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen, guitarist Emppu Vuorinen, and lead singer Tarja Turunen. The band soon picked up drummer Jukka Nevalainen, and then bassist Sami VÃ¤nskÃ¤ after the release of its debut album, Angels Fall First. In 2002, VÃ¤nskÃ¤ was replaced by Marco Hietala, who also took over the male vocalist role previously filled by Holopainen or guest singers.

Nightwish is a symphonic metal band from Kitee, Finland. The band was formed in 1996 by lead songwriter and keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen, guitarist Emppu Vuorinen, and lead singer Tarja Turunen. The band soon picked up drummer Jukka Nevalainen, and then bassist Sami VÃ¤nskÃ¤ after the release of its debut album, Angels Fall First. In 2002, VÃ¤nskÃ¤ was replaced by Marco Hietala, who also took over the male vocalist role previously filled by Holopainen or guest singers.

Although Nightwish have been prominent in their home country since Angels Fall First, they did not achieve worldwide fame until the release of the albums Oceanborn, Wishmaster and Century Child. Their 2004 album, Once, has sold more than one million copies and was the bandâ€™s breakthrough in the United States. Their biggest US hit single, Wish I Had an Angel, received MTV airplay and was included on three US film soundtracks to promote their North American tour. The band produced three more singles and two music videos for Once, as well as a re-recording of Sleeping Sun for the â€œbest ofâ€� compilation album, Highest Hopes, before Turunenâ€™s dismissal in October 2005. Her last performance with Nightwish was recorded on the live album End of an Era; after the show, the other members announced to Turunen that she was no longer a member of Nightwish.

In May 2007, Nightwish announced Anette Olzon as Turunenâ€™s replacement. That September, the band released their sixth album, Dark Passion Play, which has sold almost 2 million copies. The albumâ€™s lead single, Amaranth, became one of Nightwishâ€™s most successful in Europe. The supporting tour, one of the bandâ€™s largest, started on October 6, 2007 and ended on September 19, 2009. The band released an EP/live album, Made in Hong Kong (And in Various Other Places), in March 2009 as a CD/DVD, and their seventh studio album, Imaginaerum, was released globally on various days in late 2011/early 2012.

On October 1, 2012, Nightwish announced that they had parted ways with Olzon and would be finishing the current tour with ReVamp and former After Forever vocalist Floor Jansen. In October 2013, Nightwish made Jansen and longtime session uillean piper Troy Donockley permanent members of the band, and they are featured in the new album Endless Forms Most Beautiful, released March, 2015. The band also announced that drummer Jukka Nevalainen would be taking a temporary leave from the band due to insomnia, being replaced by drum technician Kai Hahto for the upcoming album and tour.

1 BIOGRAPHY

1.1 Formation (1996)

After playing keyboards in several heavy metal bands in the 1990s, including Nattvindens GrÃ¥t, Perkele BÃ¶rk and Darkwoods My Betrothed, Tuomas Holopainen decided to create his own project while sitting around a campfire with friends in 1996. He immediately had a clear idea of the music: experimental acoustic music he wrote himself, similar to the music usually played around campfires, but with a distinct sound and atmosphere, played on his keyboards.

He soon invited friend and schoolmate Emppu Vuorinen to play acoustic guitars, and the classical vocalist Tarja Turunen, who shared the same music teacher, Plamen Dimov. The three musicians recorded their acoustic demo Nightwish in winter 1996. The name Nightwish was derived from their first song together â€“ the demo also included the song The Forever Moments, and an early version of EtiÃ¤inen.

1.2 Debut album and first tour (1997-1998)

In early 1997, following the release of the Nightwish demo, Jukka Nevalainen joined the band, and acoustic guitar was replaced with electric guitar. The addition of heavy metal elements to the bandâ€™s existing experimental style gave the band a different sound, forming the core of the Nightwish sound.

The band entered the studio in April 1997 to record seven songs for their second demo, Angels Fall First. In May 1997, the demo made its way to the Finnish record label Spinefarm Records, who wanted to release it as the bandâ€™s debut album of the same name. The label signed Nightwish to a two album deal, and the band returned to the studio to record four songs more to accompany the tracks of the demo. The full-length album Angels Fall First was released in November 1997 and reached number 31 on the Finnish album charts, with the single The Carpenter reaching number 3 on the Finnish singles chart. The The Carpenter single was released as a split with label mates Children of Bodom and Thy Serpent; the album is also one of the two releases which features Holopainenâ€™s vocals, appearing on four of the albumâ€™s eleven tracks alongside Turunenâ€™s.

After encountering a mixed critical reception in their first year of existence, the band made their live debut in their hometown Kitee in December 1997. Since they were missing a bass player, Samppa Hirvonen joined them as a sessional live member. Marianna Pellinen was also a sessional live member as an additional keyboard player and a backing vocalist for Turunen. There were plans to make Hirvonen a permanent member, but he joined the army as part of Finnish army conscription just as they began recording Oceanborn, so they asked Sami VÃ¤nskÃ¤ to join instead, since Tuomas knew him from the band Nattvindens GrÃ¥t. During the winter of 1997 and 1998, the band performed only seven times, because Turunen was finishing her schooling, and Nevalainen and Holopainen were serving their obligatory Finnish military service. Nightwish returned to the studio in August 1998 as a five-piece to record their follow-up album for Spinefarm Records.

1.3 International success (1998-2000)

In October 7, 1998, Nightwish released their second full-length album, Oceanborn, in Finland only. Adopting a more technical and progressive sound than Angels Fall First, Oceanborn saw the band abandon much of the ambient and folk elements present on their debut release, with the exception of the song Moondance. In contrast to the female vocals of Turunen, the album also featured guest growling vocals by Tapio Wilska (ex-Finntroll), since Tuomas did not want to sing again. Wilska is also a former member of Nattvindens GrÃ¥t.

Oceanborn was better received than the previous album, with AllMusic writing that the album Â»as a whole works greatÂ«, with songs that are Â»very strongÂ«. Oceanborn was an instant success in Finland, reaching number 5 on the Finnish album charts. The albumâ€™s first single, Sacrament of Wilderness, hit number 1 on the Finnish singles charts, where it stayed for several weeks. The albumâ€™s release was initially limited to Finland, but because of the success of Sacrament of Wilderness, Spinefarm released Oceanborn internationally in the spring of 1999. In May 1999, Nightwish recorded the single Sleeping Sun (Four Ballads of the Eclipse), and in one month the single sold 15â€¯000 copies in Germany alone. Following the bandâ€™s first international success, Nightwish was added as the opening band for Rageâ€™s 1999 European tour. Both the album Oceanborn and the singles Sacrament of Wilderness and Walking in the Air were certified gold in Finland in August 1999.

While in the studio in early 2000 working on their third album, Nightwish was accepted in the Finnish Eurovision Song Contest tryouts with the song Sleepwalker. Despite winning the public vote, Nightwish eventually finished in second place, with the jury choosing local gospel singer Nina Ã…strÃ¶m to represent Finland.

In May 19, 2000, Nightwish released their third studio album, Wishmaster. This debuted at No. 1 on the Finnish album charts, and was certified gold in Finland after three weeks at number one. Critical response to the album was mixed, with Allmusic citing the album as repetitive, and saying Â»as a whole album, it can be a little annoying, even frustratingÂ«. However, German magazine Rock Hard declared Wishmaster Album of the Month, despite competing against long-awaited May releases from Iron Maiden and Bon Jovi. Following the release of Wishmaster, Nightwish embarked on their first world tour, playing dates in South America, Mexico, Canada, and the first headlining European tour with Sinergy and Eternal Tears of Sorrow. In the summer, the band returned to Europe, appearing at the Wacken Open Air festival and the Biebop Metal Fest.

1.4 New bassist and symphonic elements (2001-2003)

In 2001, Nightwish recorded a cover of Gary Mooreâ€™s Over the Hills and Far Away together with two new songs (10th Man Down, unreleased from Oceanborn sessions, and Away, unreleased from Wishmaster sessions) and a remake of Astral Romance (from the Angels Fall First album) with Tony Kakko (Sonata Arctica) singing Tuomasâ€™ part. This new material was released as their first (and until 2009 the only) EP, Over the Hills and Far Away.

The record also included guest performances by Tapio Wilska once again on 10th Man Down. Nightwishâ€™s version of Over the Hills and Far Away was well received by fans, becoming a frequent part of the bandâ€™s live performances, but the other songs never had a great break-through and have not been re-released, with the exception of a live performance of 10th Man Down on End of Innocence with Marco Hietala (current bass player and male vocalist). In the same year, they also released (as VHS, DVD and CD) their first live album, From Wishes to Eternity, recorded during a show in Tampere, Finland, on December 29, 2000.

Soon after the release of Over the Hills and Far Away, Nightwish met what has been described as one of their hardest points as a band. The issues centered on the bassist, Sami VÃ¤nskÃ¤, who had started misbehaving towards the band, according to Holopainen, by missing appointments and failing to take gigs as seriously as the other members did. After the band discussed of his behavior with VÃ¤nskÃ¤ several times, without getting any change, everyone simply stopped caring and tensions grew. Meanwhile, guitarist Emppu Vuorinen had started complaining about his role in the band, feeling like Â»a hired gun who would only do what heâ€™s asked toÂ«. According to their music teacher, Plamen Dimov, he and Holopainen have totally different characters, and thus difficulties were expected to arise. But Vuorinen was told to stay cool and Â»bite the bulletÂ«, and the problem was never addressed again.

Later, Holopainen confessed that, at that time, he seriously started thinking about breaking Nightwish up. After a gig in Russia, he sent a text message to fellow musician Tony Kakko of metal band Sonata Arctica, telling him that he did not think he had a band any longer, and asking him what plans he had for next year. After Nightwishâ€™'s last gig for the Over the Hills and Far Away tour in 2001, Holopainen called their labels Drakkar and Spinefarm, unofficially declaring Nightwish was over. He told them he might produce another album, but heâ€™d never perform another show with the band. The same message was also written on the bandâ€™s message board.

Straight after the last gig, Holopainen went on a week-long hiking trip to Lapland with Tony Kakko. During the hiking trip, they talked about the band and Holopainen decided he could not break up Nightwish that easily. When he returned from Lapland he immediately received a phone call from Ewo Pohjola, CEO of Spinefarm, offering himself to become their manager and help him straighten things up, and Holopainen agreed.

In order to continue with Nightwish, Holopainen decided some changes were in order. Beside choosing Ewo as their new manager, he also asked VÃ¤nskÃ¤ to leave the band. Marco Hietala (Tarot) was asked to replace VÃ¤nskÃ¤, effectively leaving his previous band Sinergy. As well as playing bass guitar, Hietala would also perform male vocals. Holopainen has since said publicly that he and VÃ¤nskÃ¤ still keep in touch, contrary to rumours saying that they have not met since. However, they are not interested in making another project together.

In 2002, Nightwish released Century Child, along with the singles Ever Dream and Bless the Child. The main difference from previous albums is the use of a live Finnish orchestra on the tracks Bless the Child, Ever Dream, Feel For You and The Beauty of the Beast. An enduring favorite of fans, though, is the bandâ€™s version of The Phantom of the Opera, from the famous musical of the same name by composer Andrew Lloyd Webber. The song was repeatedly played on concerts until vocalist Tarja Turunen was replaced with Anette Olzon, whereupon the band announced that they would never play the song live again.

Century Child was certified gold two hours after its release, and platinum two weeks afterwards. It set a record on the Finnish album charts as well: Never before had a first place album been so distant from the second place. After the Bless the Child music video, a second one was recorded, without any single support. The chosen track was End of All Hope. The clip contains pieces from the Finnish movie Kohtalon kirja (English: The Book of Fate).

In 2003, Nightwish released their second DVD, the documentary End of Innocence. It tells the story of the band in Holopainen, Nevalainen and Tapio Wilskaâ€™s words for two hours. The documentary also features bits of live concerts, exclusive footage, etc. Vocalist Tarja Turunen also got married during the summer of 2003, and there were rumours that the band was about to be dissolved. These rumours were, at the time, proven to be false, as the band continued to play concerts for another year and released another album. Tarjaâ€™s marriage later played a part in her dismissal from the band in the autumn of 2005.

1.5 Chart-topping success of Once (2004)

A new album, Once, was released on June 7, 2004, along with the first single, Nemo (Latin: â€œNo oneâ€�), from that album. The single topped the charts in Finland and Hungary, and reached the charts in six additional countries. Nemo remains the bandâ€™s most successful single release to date.

Once utilizes a full orchestra in nine of the eleven songs on the album. Unlike Century Child, Nightwish decided to look for an orchestra outside of Finland this time, choosing the London Philharmonic Orchestra. It is also their second album to feature a full-length song in Finnish, Kuolema tekee taiteilijan (Finnish: â€œDeath Makes an Artistâ€�). Once has sold triple platinum in Finland, platinum in Germany and Gold in six other countries, it also reached No. 1 in the Greek, Norwegian and German album charts, and charted the Top Ten in France, Hungary and Sweden. The following singles were: Wish I Had an Angel (featured on the soundtrack of the film Alone in the Dark), Kuolema Tekee Taiteilijan (released only in Finland and Japan) and The Siren. Besides the commercial success, Once was also well received by critics, with many positive reviewers drawing comparisons with Oceanborn.

The success of the album allowed them to perform Once Upon a Tour, taking them to play in many countries the band had never visited before. Nightwish performed at the opening ceremony of the 2005 World Championships in Athletics, held in Helsinki, highlighting the acclaim the band had gained. A â€œbest ofâ€� album, Highest Hopes, was released in September 2005. The compilation also featured a live cover High Hopes]/track] (from the Pink Floyd album The Division Bell). Besides High Hopes, a remake of Sleeping Sun (from Oceanborn[(album]) was included on the album and released as a single. A video for the remake was shot, featuring a medieval battle, and can be found on the German release of the single and as a separate DVD released by Spinefarm.

1.6 Turunen's dismissal (2005)

The four other members of Nightwish had decided that it was best to continue Nightwish without Turunen. After a concert in the Hartwall Areena (Helsinki) on October 21, 2005, recorded for the live album End of an Era (released June 2006), they expressed their decision through an open letter which was given to Turunen by Holopainen, and afterwards posted on the bandâ€™s website. It was written by Holopainen and signed by all four band members. The main justification given in the letter for Turunenâ€™s dismissal was that the band felt that both her husband Marcelo Cabuli (an Argentine businessman) and commercial interests had changed her attitude towards the band.

Turunen responded to the incident twice, during press conferences in Finland and Germany, saying that her dismissal came entirely as a shock to her, given that she had not been notified before the letter was given to her. She felt that the personal attacks on her husband were unwarranted, and that playing the issue out in public was Â»senselessly cruelÂ«. She expressed these feelings through her own open letter, which was published on her personal website, and through various TV, magazine, and newspaper interviews.

1.7 Hiatus and new lead singer (2006-2009)

In order to find a replacement for Turunen as the female vocalist of the band, on March 17, 2006 the band allowed vocalists interested for the position to send in demo tapes as an audition for the spot. During this time, speculation began to emerge about who would eventually be chosen, and the band stated on their website that fans should not believe any source other than the band itself for information regarding the new vocalist. In the end, the 35-year-old Alyson Avenueâ€™s ex-lead singer, Anette Olzon, from Sweden, was chosen.

In September 2006, the band entered the studio to record their sixth studio album, Dark Passion Play. In May, next year, Anette Olzon was announced to replace Turunen. Holopainen has said in interviews that he did not wish to reveal her identity until new material was available because he did not want fans judging her by nothing more than a picture, or past work.

The day after this revealing, May 25, 2007, charity single Eva was released for download only as the first offering from the new album, and the first featuring Olzon. It was originally scheduled for release on May 30, but the date was changed because of a leak on a British music download site. On June 13, Nightwish revealed the title and artwork for the new album on their official website, as well as the name and cover of the second single , Amaranth; it was released in Finland on August 22 and included a bonus track entitled While Your Lips Are Still Red written by Tuomas as the main theme track for the upcoming Finnish feature film Lieksa!. The single achieved gold status in Finland after less than two days in stores.

Dark Passion Play was released around Europe in the last week of September, 2007, in the UK on October 1, and the United States on October 2. It was awarded double platinum in Finland the second day after its release and took the number one position on the charts of Germany, Finland, Switzerland, Hungary and Croatia and got in top 100 in other 16 countries, including the United States.

On this album, male vocalist Marco Hietala has more freedom in the use of his voice: he sings back up in the songs Cadence of Her Last Breath and Sahara, lead vocals in the songs The Islande, Master Passion Greed and While Your Lips Are Still Red, and chorus in the songs Bye Bye Beautiful and 7 Days to the Wolves. He also sings one part in The Poet and the Pendulum, besides singing back up in the chorus. Before the band found the new singer and the album was recorded, Marco sang on all the demo versions. Holopainen also sang on the demo versions of Bye Bye Beautiful and Master Passion Greed but these songs have never been released.[3]

The third single of the album was ErÃ¤maan viimeinen, a previously unreleased vocal version of the instrumental Last of the Wilds. It was released in Finland only on December 5, 2007. On this song, Jonsu of the Finnish pop and rock band Indica performs the Finnish vocals. Bye Bye Beautiful, the fourth single, was released on February 15, 2008, and concerns the 2005 dismissal of Turunen, as does one other song on the album, Master Passion Greed. The single includes yet another bonus track, Escapist, which is also included on the Japanese version of Dark Passion Play. Within a week after the release, the fifth single was announced to be The Islander. It was released over a month after the release of its music video, shot in late 2007 in Rovaniemi in Finnish Lapland.

The Dark Passion Play tour turned out to be Nightwishâ€™s longest tour yet, lasting from the fall of 2007 to September 2009 when it ended with a concert in Hartwall Arena â€“ the bandâ€™s second concert there â€“ with the band Apocalyptica.

On March 6, 2009,Nightwish released a new live EP entitled Made in Hong Kong (And in Various Other Places). The eight live tracks were recorded during the Dark Passion Play World Tour in 2007â€“2008, and the album also includes one b-side from the Bye Bye Beautiful single, one b-side from the Amaranth single, a previously unreleased demo version of Cadence of Her Last Breath, and a bonus-DVD with three music videos as well as a 37 minute documentary called Back in the Day is Now.

1.8 Imaginaerum, Olzonâ€™s dismissal (2009-2012)

In the June 2009 edition of the Finnish magazine Soundi, Holopainen stated that he had started work on a new Nightwish album. In October 2009, rumors about the new albumâ€™s name were going around with the title Wind Embraced, but lead vocalist Anette Olzon listed the rumors as Â»not trueÂ« and said that the songs for the new album had not yet been completed apart from 3 songs written before May 2009. Holopainen said in a 2010 interview that Â»[â€¦]I canâ€™t reveal to you anymore but there is going to be a big twist so to say, on the next album.Â« In an interview with uillean piper Troy Donockley (who recorded with the band on Dark Passion Play), when asked about his involvement in the new album, he stated Â»Oh yes, I will be playing on the next album and from what Tuomas has told me, it is going to be something extraordinaryâ€¦Â«

On February 1, 2010, Olzon stated on her blog that Holopainen had nine songs ready for the new album. She also stated that the band will be meeting in the summer to make a demo, and fans should not expect anything any earlier than fall of 2011. In April, 2010, Holopainen revealed on the Nightwish homepage that he had finished writing the songs, and on June 2, it was announced that he had finished recording the pre-production demo.

The band announced in late 2010 that more information of the albumâ€™s actual content would be released in late January, but on February 1, the official website bore a statement written by Holopainen that because of the schedule changes he canâ€™t yet give away as much details as he would have wanted, but more information will be out after a couple of months. He added, however, that Â»it still is the Burton-Gaiman-DalÃ­-amusement-park we are about to enterÂ«; In the same statement it was revealed that the album will be a theme album and Â»mood changes seem to be more present than ever beforeÂ«, and the orchestration demos he had received from Pip Williams were described as Â»beautiful, twisted, tribal and cinematic stuffÂ«. In the Finnish version of the statement, it was also revealed that a few songs will not get any orchestrations at all, differing from their latest album on which all songs had the background orchestra.

Announcements continued throughout 2011. On February 10, Nightwish announced on their website that the new album title would be Imaginaerum. They also declared that the band had been preparing a movie based on the album, which would be released in 2012 and directed by Stobe Harju, who previously directed the music video for The Islander. On August 22, 2011, it was announced on their official website that the album of Imaginaerum would be released at the end of the year. On August 31, Nightwish announced on their website their decision to change Imaginarium title to Imaginaerum Â»In order to avoid mix-ups with various things named IMAGINARIUMÂ«. Then on September 2, Nightwish announced on their website that the new single called Storytime will be released on Friday, November 11 and on September 9, Nightwish revealed the cover and tracklist.

On January 11, 2012, Nightwish announced on their website that the second single The Crow, the Owl and the Dove would be released on February 29. Roadrunner Records announced that Nightwish would be releasing a 10â€³ LP titled Trials of Imaginaerum in conjunction with Record Store Day (April 21, 2012). The 10â€³ LP is a two sided picture disk, which contains four early demos of Storytime, The Crow, The Owl and The Dove, I Want My Tears Back and Slow, Love, Slow.

On October 1 2012, Nightwish announced via their Facebook page that they were parting ways with Olzon. According to the press statement, Â»it has become increasingly obvious that the direction and the needs of the band were in conflict, and this has led to a division from which we cannot recoverÂ«. This announcement came days after Olzon fell ill and was unable to perform; Nightwish used replacement singers from the opening band, Kamelot, and Olzon later expressed her disappointment, saying Â»I was never asked if it was OK that they used Elize and Alissa in the show [Friday] night [â€¦] I donâ€™t think itâ€™s a good decision they made and Iâ€™m sorry for those of you who came to see the whole band but got something else. But I was very ill and this decision wasnâ€™t mine.Â« According to the statement, Floor Jansen (ex-After Forever, ReVamp) will sing for the remainder of the Imaginaerum World Tour.

On January 11, 2013, Olzon announced on her official blog that she was pregnant with her third child, due in spring 2013. This was a contributing factor to her being dismissed. The band then released a statement on their website declaring that the reason Olzon gave for her dismissal and other statements she made were untrue and that Olzon herself had agreed to help find a replacement while she was on maternity leave. Later on, Olzon gave several interviews in which she told that she never agreed with a replacement, even when she was pregnant, and proposed to the band to postpone the tour, culminating on her firing. She also added that she was against Jansen joining the band in her period of maternity, mainly because the difference of their vocal styles.

In an interview with Metal Hammer in November 2012, Tuomas Holopainen stated that they already had a rehearsal place booked from July 2014 to September 2014, but before they began rehearsing the band members would be taking a break from Nightwish for several months.

On 9 October, 2013, Nightwish announced Dutch singer Floor Jansen as the permanent replacement for Olzon. Troy Donockley has also been announced as a full-time member, making the band a sextet for the first time. According to the bandâ€™s webpage, the band would enter the studio in 2014 to record their eighth full-length album for a 2015 release. This album was set to contain Nightwishâ€™s longest song to date.

At the end of November, the band released the live album Showtime, Storytime. Despite the recording happening when they were only tour members, it is the first Nightwish release to feature Jansen, and to have her and Donockley credited as band members. The album also carries a documentary containing the behind-the-scenes of Jansenâ€™s first days in the band and the process of replacing Olzon.

In May, 2014, Tuomas updated his official website, stating that he and producer Tero Â»TeeCeeÂ« Kinnunen have been recording 12 demos (and possibly 3 bonus tracks) for the new album in Hattula, Finland. The band expected to start rehearsing in July in Eno, Finland, with the recording finished on January 2015, and the album released in Spring that year, Â»If everything goes as scheduledÂ«. Commenting on the music, Tuomas said: Â»Itâ€™s still too early to analyze the material more closely, but the album will once again explore all the ends of the spectrum, bringing the very best out of the newcomers Floor and Troy. And stealthily the album ended up having a theme running through it.Â«

On August 6, the band announced that founding member and drummer Jukka Nevalainen would not be part of the upcoming album due to his very difficult insomnia. Kai Hahto (Wintersun) would be taking his place in the album and the upcoming tour.

Evolutionary biologist and author Richard Dawkins will be a guest star on the album, with Holopainen stating that he had Â»been so enthusiastic about this kind of literature for the past few months, and will be for the upcoming months, that itâ€™s going to come out somehow.Â«

In November, the band filmed a music video for Ã‰lan, one of the tracks of the album. On December 8, the band announced that it would be the first single from the album, which would be released on February 13, 2015.

The new albumâ€™s cover art and its title, Endless Forms Most Beautiful, were revealed on December 22, along with a release date of March 27, 2015. 'Read more on Last.fm'. User-contributed text is available under the Creative Commons By-SA License; additional terms may apply.