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Diaphragmatic Hernia

Definition

Diaphragmatic hernia is a congenital defect in which an opening is present in the diaphragm at birth. The diaphragm is the partition separating the chest and abdominal cavities. The abnormal opening allows some of the organs typically found in the abdomen to move into the chest cavity. In infants born with diaphragmatic hernia, the abdominal organs push up against the lungs. This prevents the lungs from developing normally.

Diaphragmatic hernia is a serious condition with many potential complications and side effects.

Causes

Diaphragmatic hernia is caused by a failure of the diaphragm to completely fuse during fetal development.

Diagnosis

If not found prior to birth, a physical exam will be done. A
may be done to confirm the presence of abdominal organs in the chest cavity.

Images may be taken of your child's bodily structures. This can be done with achest x-ray.

Treatment

Treatment includes the following:

Surgery

Surgery to repair the defect and move the organs into the abdomen may be done. Surgery involves either sewing the edges of the diaphragm together, or if the hole is too large, using an artificial patch to fully close the hole. Fetal surgery may be offered at some institutions.

Respiratory Support

Aggressive respiratory support, including
intubation with mechanical ventilation, is often needed. Different ventilator strategies may be used. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), or cardiopulmonary bypass, may be necessary.

Prevention

There is no known prevention for diaphragmatic hernia.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.