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$\begingroup$I'm sorry I need to vote it close as opinion-based :( Can you edit it and be a bit more specific?$\endgroup$
– Dawny33♦Jan 7 '16 at 12:14

$\begingroup$@Dawny33 I mean the matters strictly connected to the machine learning - not programming or libraries. I just don't know how to put it into words. :($\endgroup$
– LukeJan 7 '16 at 12:17

$\begingroup$@Luke The problem is that the question "what are the most basic skills" are based on personal opinion. People might disagree on the answer; there is not a single right answer. This kind of question is probably more suitable on reddit.com$\endgroup$
– Martin ThomaJan 7 '16 at 13:26

$\begingroup$@Luke I understand what you asked and I've answered to that question. If you think I understood it wrong, you have to clarify. If I got it right, then this is opinion based. (I'm not saying this is a bad question; I only say that it is not suitable for the StackExchange format).$\endgroup$
– Martin ThomaJan 7 '16 at 13:36

So, that would help you get an idea of how you need to design your own learning path.

The reason why I said that this question is opinion-based is:

Data Science is a huge domain in itself, and attaining complete
knowledge of everything in it, is close to impossible.

So, if I am interested in pursuing the concept of Neural Networks
alone, and subsequently Deep Learning; then my learning path would be
completely different to someone who wants to learn a different concept like time series.

And so does that of someone who wants to learn some other concept. The
concepts might be intertwined, but something which I absolutely
require in my learning path might not be necessary to someone else's.

So, those above resources are a rough guide to get started.

In addition to that, here is a list of conferences and podcasts of Data Science, which help you with your learning.