Betatron x-ray radiation, driven by electrons from laser-wakefield acceleration, has unique properties to probe high energy density (HED) plasmas and warm dense matter. This source is produced when relativistic electrons oscillate in the plasma wake of a laser pulse. Its properties are similar to that of a synchrotron, with a 1000-fold shorter pulse. This invited talk will focus on the experimental challenges and results related to the development of betatron radiation for applications at large scale HED science laser facilities, including results of recent experiments performed at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC and the Jupiter Laser Facility (JLF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

Funding:Supported by NSF award DMR-0807731, DOE grant DE-AC02-76SF00515, and NYSERDA.A collaboration between Cornell University and Brookhaven National Laboratory has designed and is constructing CBETA, the Cornell-BNL ERL Test Accelerator on the Cornell campus. The ERL technology that has been prototyped at Cornell for many years is being used for this new accelerator, including a DC electron source and an SRF injector Linac with world-record current and normalized brightness in a bunch train, a high-current linac cryomodule optimized for ERLs, a high-power beam stop, and several diagnostics tools for high-current and high-brightness beams. BNL has designed multi-turn ERLs for several purpose, dominantly for the electron beam of eRHIC, its Electron Ion Collider (EIC) project and for the associated fast electron cooling system. Also in JLEIC, the EIC designed at JLAB, an ERL is envisioned to be used for electron cooling. The number of transport lines in an ERL is minimized by using return arcs that are comprised of a Fixed Field Alternating-gradient (FFA) design. This technique will be tested in CBETA, which has a single return for the 4-beam energies with strongly-focusing permanent magnets of Halbach type. The high-brightness beam with 150~MeV and up to 40~mA will have applications beyond accelerator research, in industry, in nuclear physics, and in X-ray science. Low current electron beam has already been sent through the most relevant parts of CBETA, from the DC gun through both cryomodules, through one of the 8 similar separator lines, and through one of the 27 similar FFA structures. Further construction is envisioned to lead to a commissioning start for the full system early in 2019.

Two-Beam Acceleration (TBA) is a structure-based wakefield acceleration method with the potential to meet the luminosity and cost requirements of a TeV class linear collider. The Argonne Wakefield Accelerator (AWA) facility is developing a dielectric-based short pulse TBA scheme with the potential to withstand high acceleration gradients and to achieve low fabrication cost. Recently, the dielectric short pulse TBA technology was successfully demonstrated using K-band 26 GHz structures, achieving 55 MW output power from the power extractor and 28 MeV/m gradient in the accelerator. To improve the generated rf power, an X-band 11.7 GHz power extractor has been developed, which obtained 105 MW in the high power test. In addition, a novel dielectric disk accelerator (DDA) is currently under investigation to significantly increase the efficiency of linear colliders based on short pulse TBA. Details of these research will be presented in this paper.

The RHIC Optically-pumped Polarized H− Ion Source (OPPIS) upgrade with the atomic beam hydrogen injector and the He-ionizer cell was commissioned for operation in the Run-2013. The use of the high brightness primary proton source resulted in higher polarized beam intensity and polarization delivered for injection to Linac-Booster-AGS-RHIC accelerator complex. The proposed polarized 3He++ acceleration in RHIC and future electron- ion col-lider (eRHIC) will require about 2·1011 ions in the source pulse. A new technique had been proposed for production of high intensity polarized 3He++ ion beam. It is based on ionization and accumulation of the 3He gas (polarized by optical-pumping and metastability-exchange technique in the high magnetic field of a 5.0 T) in the Electron Beam Ion Source (EBIS). We present a status of the 3He++ ion source development.