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Of carrageenan-induced inflammation compared to the 200 and 400 mg/kg doses ofOf carrageenan-induced inflammation compared to the 200 and 400 mg/kg doses of P. domestica gum (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). At similar doses, PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25447644 Au-NPs also significantly abolished (P < 0.01) the tonic visceral, chemically-induced nociception, which was comparable to that of P. domestica gum (200 mg/kg; P < 0.05, 400 mg/kg; P < 0.01). Keywords: Pharmaceutical gums, Gum-loaded nanoparticles, Multi-targeted therapeutics, Nano-drug delivery, Nano-stability, Cancer, Antimicrobial, Enzyme inhibition, Inflammation, Pain* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan Full list of author information is available at the end of the article?The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Islam et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2017) 17:Page 2 ofConclusions The Prunus domestica gum-integrated nanoparticles have multi-target therapeutic capabilities and thus possess an advantage in combating multigenic diseases that affect multiple tissues or cell PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27689333 types.Background Drugs designed to act against individual molecular targets cannot usually combat multigenic diseases or diseases that affect multiple tissues or cell types. Combination drugs that impact multiple targets simultaneously are better at controlling complex disease systems, are less prone to drug resistance, and are the standard of care in many important therapeutic areas [1]. The multiple target therapeutic approach increasingly is used to treat many types of diseases, including AIDS, atherosclerosis, cancer, and depression [2]. The low affinity of multi-target drugs is more likely to induce synergistic therapeutic effects by the combination of various mechanistic actions. The therapeutic efficacy of phytotherapy is based on the combined action of a mixture of constituents and offers new treatment opportunities [3]. Compared to conventional systems of traditional medicine, the incorporation of the nano-traditional concept has several advantages, including (1) improvement of the biological availability and therefore saves the limited resources of the Materia Medica; (2) strengthening of the target-oriented therapeutic effects; (3) provide pharmaceutical preparation choices; and (4) promote the standardization and internationalization of the drug preparation. This concept has been successfully implemented in the Chinese Materia Medica and has shown many advantages [4]. The combination of nanotechnology with traditional herbal medicine therefore provides a very useful tool in designing future herbal medicine with an improved bioavailability profile and less toxicity. This new approach is increasing the interest of a number of scientists to improve and to accelerate the joint drug discovery and development of novel nano-delivery systems for herbal extracts [5]. Prunus domestica L. (family Rosaceae) is a shrubby, deciduous, small tree Mitochondrial division inhibitor 1 manufacturer cultivated a.