Permitting Overview

As the Nord Stream 2 Pipeline passes through the territorial waters and/or the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) of Russia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany, the permits to construct and operate the pipeline must be obtained from each of these five countries.

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Building cross-border infrastructure and protecting the environment requires international cooperation in a transboundary context. This is safeguarded in a variety of laws, conventions and treaties that govern international cooperation.

National legislation generally requires an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to be completed as a prerequisite for national permits. The EIAs are based on a broad range of surveys, engineering design as well as on data from independent experts and research institutions.

According to the requirements of country specific national legislation, Nord Stream 2 submitted its national permit applications and EIA materials to the relevant national authorities of Russia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany.