Lady Gaga has fibromyalgia. What is it?

Lady Gaga revealed that she is suffering from fibromyalgia, a debilitating disease that causes severe pain. Chris Young / The Canadian Press via AP fileLady Gaga’s announcement on Twitter that she suffers from fibromyalgia was met with an abundance of well wishes, but more moving were the empathetic responses from others coping with the condition. Not only did fans feel for the “Born This Way” star, they could relate — many gushed with gratitude that Lady Gaga stepped up to raise awareness for a disease that is all too often misunderstood, misdiagnosed or just missed altogether.”Very often fibromyalgia patients go from doctor to doctor searching for an answer,” says Dr. Elizabeth Volkmann, assistant professor of medicine in the division of Rheumatology at UCLA. “Doctors will look for lupus or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and when they don’t find either, they’ll stop there.”Fibromyalgia doesn’t lend itself to a strict definition or diagnosis. Essentially, “it’s a disorder characterized by widespread muscular pain, often accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue,” says Volkmann. There’s no way of testing for it: blood work won’t tell you if you have it, nor will an X-ray or any other kind of black and white medical exam, so diagnosing it is a matter of ruling out other diseases, as well as of “piecing together a constellation of symptoms,” says Volkmann.In our documentary the #chronicillness #chronicpain I deal w/ is #Fibromyalgia I wish to help raise awareness & connect people who have it.— xoxo, Gaga (@ladygaga) September 12, 2017 The Main Symptom Is Pain, But Sleep and Mood Disorders AboundThe primary symptom of fibromyalgia is pain — often quite acute pain — occurring sometimes at the slightest touch.”Anyone can feel a pinprick to a small extent, but a person with fibromyalgia may feel it amplified,” says Volkmann, adding that someone with this condition will also experience pain in very specific areas.”We look for pain in specific parts of the body: discrete areas, not like soft tissue swelling over a joint. We usually pinpoint muscle areas: 18 points throughout the body,” says Volkmann, referring to this graph, which illustrates the accentuated pain points on people with fibromyalgia.Pain is the main symptom, but doctors also look for profound disorders in sleep, which can lead to chronic fatigue and mood disturbances including depression.”Brain fog is another common symptom that probably relates to the sleep disorder,” notes Volkmann. “Fibromyalgia patients may sleep a couple hours a night or sometimes go days without sleep — and then sleep a lot.”Symptoms can be so disabling that patients may be unable to work. And though the condition isn’t in itself fatal, the reactive depression can be so severe that when untreated, it could lead to suicide, Volkmann says.Roughly five million people in the U.S have fibromyalgia but the number is probably higher. Dr. Volkmann alone treats hundreds of patients a year.What Causes Fibromyalgia Is Still A Mystery, But There Are CluesThere is no definitive cause for fibromyalgia, but it may stem from an “underlying increased sensitivity to pain,” says Volkmann. People who have autoimmune disease such as lupus and RA are also generally more at risk for developing fibromyalgia.“We also think psychological stress can contribute to it,” says Volkmann. “People can develop it after a major life stressor, trauma or surgery, as well as by stress accumulated over time.”Dr. Daniel Arkfeld, associate professor of clinical medicine and USC’s Keck School of Medicine of USC and the director of rheumatologic education underscores the correlation between poor sleep patterns and fibromyalgia. (One sleep lab study found that 45 percent of people with fibromyalgia had obstructive sleep apnea).”If there’s a train that goes by every hour and [awakens you at night], this could trigger fibromyalgia symptoms,” says Arkfeld. “Sleep is very important.”But ultimately, “it’s not as simple as the disturbance in sleep. Some people get it and we just don’t know why,” says Arkfeld, adding that he too treats hundreds of patients with fibromyalgia.Get Thee To The RheumatologistAnyone with fibromyalgia should be in treatment with a rheumatologist, a type of doctor who specializes autoimmune conditions. Now technically, fibromyalgia isn’t classified as an autoimmune disorder (as more research is fielded, this could change), but its symptoms have so much in common with certain autoimmune disorders that a rheumatologist is the best-versed in helping patients manage the condition.”Because rheumatologists are adept at managing pain, they do a nice job at not masking it with opiates, but getting at underlying causes,” says Volkmann, adding that a variety of treatments can be used to help patients — many of them rooted in lifestyle adjustments.”We work on treating the pain component, but we also work with lifestyle: getting patients on a regular sleep schedule, a regular eating schedule and also coping with stress,” says Volkmann. “We recommend meditation and yoga or other light exercise (patients may be limited in what they can do physically). Studies have found that Tai Chi and acupuncture can also help alleviate some of the pain.”Managing Fibromyalgia: A Customized BlendA rheumatologist may also prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs (these are essentially stronger versions of Aleve and Ibuprofen), along with Cymbalta, Lyrica and Savella — all brand name drugs targeted at treating symptoms of fibromyalgia —but there’s some controversy around them. Arkfeld doesn’t shun them, but he doesn’t rush to hand them out either, finding that “these drugs maybe work maybe 20 percent of the time and can have a lot of devastating side effects.”The point Arkfeld emphasizes is that doctors can’t “just throw pills at these people and expect them to get better.” Yes, pills can help (particularly, he finds, those that help with sleep are beneficial), but Arkfeld insists that doctors need to work with patients on a more holistic level and meet with patients on a regular basis (once a month for the first six months at least).RelatedVolkmann adds that while some fibromyalgia patients need strong painkillers like Vicodin, rheumatologists generally look to avoid prescribing opiates.”More and more we try to avoid opiates because of the risks of addiction and dependency, and because the patient will need more over time to get the same analgesic effect,” says Volkmann.The ‘Hysterical Female’ Stigma Has Stymied ProgressHormones seem to play a role in fibromyalgia, as women are far more likely to suffer from it.”Fibromyalgia is much more prevalent in women — with at least a ratio of 5:1 female to male; although prevalence in men is rising and probably under-diagnosed in men,” says Volkmann. “Statistically men don’t go to the doctor as much as women.”The fact that women are more prone to fibromyalgia has worked tremendously against learning about the disease. Only in the past few decades has the condition been seen as more than “the hysterical female” disease, Arkfeld notes.At 35, I felt like I had the body of an 80 year-old. I hurt everywhere all the time, and I was exhausted.At 35, I felt like I had the body of an 80 year-old. I hurt everywhere all the time, and I was exhausted.Fibromyalgia may now finally be validated as a real illness, but the hysterical female stigma still weighs on patients looking for answers. A.C Warner, a 28-year-old MFA poetry student with a graduate assistantship was diagnosed with fibromyalgia when she was still in high school, but it took a while to find a doctor who would take her seriously. One doctor assumed she was lying about her symptoms altogether to cover up something she had done. Why the runaround and the dismissive doubt?”Because I was young and female, and female patients’ pain is rarely taken as seriously,” says Warner, who also has Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. “And [because] there’s no test you can run and get back concrete results, there are still doctors who don’t think it’s a real thing. I went through all sorts of tests and whatnot for about a year and a half until I was referred to a rheumatologist.”The rheumatologist had Warner perform a series of movements and asked her some questions and “pretty much knew immediately” that she was suffering from fibromyalgia.Jane Harris, a 45-year-old writer and single mom of three, was diagnosed with fibromyalgia eight years ago — two years into a search for answers.“I was going to specialists all the time to find the cause/solution of my chronic pain,” says Harris. “At 35, I felt like I had the body of an 80 year-old. I hurt everywhere all the time, and I was exhausted.”Both Harris and Warner have customized treatments that work for them, but flare-ups can knock them off their feet.“When I have a flare-up it isn’t just my joints that hurt, or the tension headaches or the muscle soreness, it’s my skin, too, like every inch of my body is being scrubbed raw with sandpaper,” says Harris. “I work very hard to control my environment to minimize stress and avoid flare-ups.”Warner, who has to be mindful of the clothes she wears because on her worst days her skin feels bruised all over such that even a clothing tag or a mildly rough seam feels like it’s cutting into her, finds that her flare-ups are likely to occur during dramatic shifts in the weather, or after too much physical stress“Some days I manage better than others,” says Warner. “I’m never 100 percent A-okay. On a very, very rare occasion I feel almost ‘normal’ and I feel like a superhero and like I can do anything.”Why Gaga’s Announcement MattersCelebrities are (surprise!) human, so to we shouldn’t be shocked that they suffer from medical conditions just like us; but Lady Gaga’s move to cast her own struggles with fibromyalgia into the spotlight feels special because it could help shatter remaining stigmas around the disease. Patients can go years not knowing what is wrong with them, and what’s worse, not being taken seriously by doctors. And even when they do receive proper diagnosis, they may struggle with feelings of self-doubt and blame.Harris notes that though she is very open about her health issues, including depression and anxiety, she tends to be reserved when it comes to talking about fibromyalgia.“Sometimes I still catch the chatter in my brain berating me for not being as strong as other women I admire who do more than I feel I’m capable of doing physically,” says Harris. “Sometimes I still feel like the pain is all in my head. I take my meds every day and I live with pain, but mostly I judge myself for being weak and lazy.”On a very, very rare occasion I feel almost ‘normal’ and I feel like a superhero and like I can do anything.On a very, very rare occasion I feel almost ‘normal’ and I feel like a superhero and like I can do anything.Warner recalls that in high school her best friend looked her in the eye and said, “it’s all in your head.” Though suffering for more than a decade, Warner only opened up about her disease in the last two years, most recently launching an Instagram page documenting her struggles and successes as an MFA student with fibromyalgia and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.“Because people reacted so badly to everything when I was in high school, I buried it deep and only let those in the closest circles know,” says Warner. “I was afraid people were going to see me as incapable and unable to hold any kind of position of authority or responsibility.”When Warner, a fan of Lady Gaga, heard the news that the singer had fibromyalgia, she wasn’t surprised. Why? Had Lady Gaga alluded to the illness in past interviews or in song lyrics? No, in fact it’s got more to do with her beats, which can create a kind of solace for someone who is feeling “like their nervous system is in overdrive,” as Warner describes it.“The rhythm and repetition of her beats are almost meditative,” explains Warner. “I remember listening to so much of her music on repeat as a way of creating my own way of sensory deprivation. And since hearing the news, I’ve definitely looked at the album cover of “Born This Way” a lot differently.”The cover depicts an illustration of Lady Gaga as a hybrid being: part human, part motorcycle.“The album was celebrated so strongly as an LGBTQIA+ work — but now, I also see that feeling of being in a non-normative body.”Want more tips like these? NBC News BETTER is obsessed with finding easier, healthier and smarter ways to live. Sign up for our newsletter and follow us on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.