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49 Cards in this Set

Means rebirth. Classical civilizations was the theme. Science, literature, and art were huge. Religion and politics were not touched by the renaissance

The Origins of the Renaissance

Started in Italy. Many scholars gathered in Italy, in cities that were wealthy.

Humanism

Focus on humans rather than the super natural.

The Prince

A book by Machievelli. Its about how to be a prince. A prince has to do whatever he needs to do to stay in power. A prince should rule, and make people fear him.

The waning of the Italian Renaissance

It declined because of the church. Trade lowered. Politics made the Renaissance suffer becuase of disputes and war.

Galileo Galilei

Created the Heliocentric system. The Inquisition sentenced him to house arrest for the remainder of his life for his discovery.

The Northern Renaissance

The Renaissance was less secular in the North. Most prominant buildings in the Northern European towns were Cathedrals.

Neoplatonism in the Rennaissance

Proposed ideas such as the central position of the Sun, and the divinity of geometrical shapes. Helped scientific thinkers to reconsider old ideas which led to great breakthroughs and discoveries. Saw the world as driven by supernatural forces.

The Sciences in the 16th and 17th Centuries

Had mechanistic views of the universe. Growing interest in alchemy and astrology.

The Copernican Revolution

People now believed his theories of the universe. The medieval worldview was overturned and a new path was set for humans.

European Expansion in the late 15th Century

Spain and Portugal ventured over seas. They traveled to South America, Mexico, and Asia. The Protestant reformation was the start of religious divide in all of Europe.

Sea Routes Around Africa in the 16th Century

Portugese ships advanced steadily Southward along the West African coastline.

Christopher Columbus

The Spanish were afraid that Portugal would dominate the trade routes to Asia by the East, so they funded a voyage by Columbus to find a route by the West to Asia. He accidently found the Americas and thought they were Asia.

Spanish Colonization of the New World

Spanish conquistadors sailed to the Americas. They treated the natives brutally.

Indulgences

Gold, silver, livestock farming, and sugarcane

The Medieval View of the Sacraments

The papacy and the church reigned above all

Martin Luther

Translated the New Testamant into German. Created Protestantism

John Calvin

Said God created all things and all humans are sinners by nature

Geneva under John Calvin

Was exiled from Geneva because he was accused of attempting to create a new Papacy. He was invited back after his followers gained power. Here he began his program of reform.

The Origins of the English Reformation

England first had to break away from Rome and the church. The Monarch became head of the English church, and the Church of England was started.

The Protestant Reformation and the Renaissance

Close humanistic textual study of the Bible led to the publication of new biblical editions used by Protestant reformers

Elizabeth I and the Church of England

She pleased Catholics by retaining certain aspects of Catholicism and let Calvinists participate in Parliamant

The Political Efforts of Protestanism

Protestant countries assumed direct control of the church. This resulted in a growth of state power

Max Weber on the Renaissance and Reformation

Reformation created the dominance of Capitalism in Western Civilizations

The Counter-Reformation

Led by strong Popes with vigorous Papal leadership. Swept Europe and made Catholicism dominant over Europe for years to come

The Iron Century in Europe

An age of great turbulence, war, and severe trial

Warfare in Europe From 1550 to 1600

Europe was in a crisis. Protestants and Catholics warred against eachother.

Calvinism in France

Calvinists converted French aristocratic women because they would change their husbands as well who obtained large private armies ready to fight for the Calvinists.

Toleration for Protestants in France

Henry the 4th allowed Protestants to worship in private castles and fortify the South.

The Netherlands and the Habsburgs

The Netherlands had the greatest per capita wealth of all Europe when ruled by the Habsburgs

The Struggle Between Spain and England

The English sea routes were crossing Spanish routes. English ships plundered Spanish vessils. This led to a great naval battle in which the English defeated the Spanish armada.

The Thirty Years War

Protestants revolted against the Habsburgs in Bohemia. German-Catholic forces ruthlessly counter attacked. The war was France and Sweden against Austria and Spain. They fought in Germany, and German cities were destroyed.

The Peace of Westphalia

The peace marked the reemergence of France as the continental power in Europe.

The Spanish Economy

Spent most of their money on wars.Leadership was very militaristic. Was the poorest country in Europe following the 30 years war.

The Defeat of Absolutism in England

People didnt like the rulers. Parliamant told kings what they can and cant do now. There were many religious disagreements

The English Commonwealth

There was no king during this time. No theatre and arts. After the Stuard Restoration, life went back to normal

Witchcraft in early-modern Europe

It was their explanation for all the bad things that happen.

The Rise of the Mughal Dynasty in India

Established by Babur in the 16th century. Most famous emporer was Akbar. Akbar tried to combine religion.

The Divine Faith

Akbar's combination of religion.

The Policies of Akbar

Made people speak his language called Urdu

Nanak

Founded a new religion called Sikh. Combined religions of Hindus and Muslims.

A feudal military dictatorship established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of his family. Founded the capital at Edo. The class system went: Samurai-Farmers-Artisans-Traders.

Japanese Isolationism

European countries began spreading Christianity throughout Japan. It was seperating the country so the Shoguns exterminated Christianity and banned all Europeans from Japan.

The Effects of European Enterprise in Africa

Decline of local industries and an increase in conflict.

The African Slave Trade

Slaves were captors from wars. Portugese planned to populate Southern Portugal with Africans. They set up sugar plantations. They also brought Africans to Brazil and the Carribean. 11 million Africans were exported.

The Boers

They were Dutch settlers in South Africa. They were Calvinist Protestants. They were farmers.

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