The Houston Tower was a visionary plan for a 500-storyskyscraper conceived in the 1970s to be built in Houston, originally designed as a research project for the feasibility of a 500-story building.[1] American Architect Robert B. Sobel of Emery Roth & Sons, with engineer and fellow American Nat W. Krahl of Rice University, created a concept for a 500-story building made from 200-foot sided bundled triangular tubes.[2][3] Sobel had theorized the construction of a 500-story building as early as 1974.[4]

According to Emery Roth & Sons, the project showed that the technology and materials existed to build a 500-story (or taller) building, if someone wished to do so.[1][5] Since its first inception, it has remained one of the tallest buildings ever fully envisioned, and would have taken up 16 city blocks of 250x250 feet if constructed,[2] its design features are reminiscent of the Sears Tower, which utilizes a similar construction pattern albeit on a smaller scale.

1.
Houston
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Houston is the most populous city in the state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 square miles, it also is the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County. Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land. Houston was founded on August 28,1836, near the banks of Buffalo Bayou and incorporated as a city on June 5,1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded, the burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the citys population. Houstons economy has an industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics. Leading in health care sectors and building equipment, Houston has more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits than any city except for New York City. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled, the city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has a visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District. In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs from New York, Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen, purchased 6,642 acres of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the general at the Battle of San Jacinto. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the slave trade. New Orleans was the center of trade in the Deep South. Thousands of enslaved African Americans lived near the city before the Civil War, many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. Houston was granted incorporation on June 5,1837, with James S. Holman becoming its first mayor, in the same year, Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County and the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas

2.
Storey
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A storey or story is any level part of a building that could be used by people. The plurals are storeys and stories respectively, the terms floor, level, or deck can also be used in this sense, except that one may use ground floor and ground level for the floor closer to what is considered the ground or street level. The words storey and floor also generally exclude levels of the building that have no roof, houses commonly have only one or two floors. Buildings are often classified as low-rise, mid-rise and high-rise according to how many levels they contain, the tallest skyscraper in the world, Burj Khalifa, has 163 floors. As of 2013, the tallest planned skyscraper, Sky City, is planned to have 202 floors, the height of each storey is based on the ceiling height of the rooms plus the thickness of the floors between each pane. Generally this is around 10 feet total, however, it varies widely from just under this figure to well over it, storeys within a building need not be all the same height — often the lobby is more spacious, for example. Additionally, higher levels may be smaller in volume than the ones beneath them, in English, the principal floor or main floor of a house is the floor that contains the chief apartments, it is usually the ground floor, or the floor above. In Italy the main floor of a home is usually above the ground level, the attic or loft is a storey just below the buildings roof, its ceiling is often pitched and/or at a different height than that of other floors. A penthouse is an apartment on the topmost storey of a building. A basement is a storey below the main or ground floor, split-level homes have floors that offset from each other by less than the height of a full storey. A mezzanine, in particular, is typically a floor halfway between the floor and the next higher floor. Homes with a split-level entry have the main floor raised half a storey height above the street entrance level. In Macys Herald Square, there is a one and a floor between the first and second, this can be considered a split level floor. There are also car parks, also known as parking garages. Floor numbering is the scheme used for a buildings floors. There are two major schemes in use across the world, in one system, used in the majority of European countries, the ground floor is the floor literally on the ground and often has no number or is assigned the number 0. Therefore, the floor up is assigned the number 1 and is the first floor. The other system, used primarily in the United States and Canada, counts the bottom floor as the first floor, the existence of two incompatible conventions is a common source of confusion in international communication, sometimes even between communities who speak the same language

3.
Skyscraper
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A skyscraper is a tall, continuously habitable building having multiple floors. When the term was used in the 1880s it described a building of 10 to 20 floors. Mostly designed for office, commercial and residential uses, a skyscraper can also be called a high-rise, for buildings above a height of 300 m, the term supertall can be used, while skyscrapers reaching beyond 600 m are classified as megatall. One common feature of skyscrapers is having a steel framework that supports curtain walls and these curtain walls either bear on the framework below or are suspended from the framework above, rather than resting on load-bearing walls of conventional construction. Some early skyscrapers have a frame that enables the construction of load-bearing walls taller than of those made of reinforced concrete. Modern skyscrapers walls are not load-bearing, and most skyscrapers are characterized by surface areas of windows made possible by steel frames. However, skyscrapers can have curtain walls that mimic conventional walls with a surface area of windows. Modern skyscrapers often have a structure, and are designed to act like a hollow cylinder to resist wind, seismic. To appear more slender, allow less wind exposure, and transmit more daylight to the ground, many skyscrapers have a design with setbacks, a relatively big building may be considered a skyscraper if it protrudes well above its built environment and changes the overall skyline. The maximum height of structures has progressed historically with building methods and technologies, the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the world. High-rise buildings are considered shorter than skyscrapers, the first steel-frame skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago, Illinois in 1885. Even the scholars making the argument find it to be purely academic and this definition was based on the steel skeleton—as opposed to constructions of load-bearing masonry, which passed their practical limit in 1891 with Chicagos Monadnock Building. What is the characteristic of the tall office building. The force and power of altitude must be in it, the glory and it must be every inch a proud and soaring thing, rising in sheer exaltation that from bottom to top it is a unit without a single dissenting line. Some structural engineers define a highrise as any vertical construction for which wind is a significant load factor than earthquake or weight. Note that this criterion fits not only high-rises but some other tall structures, the word skyscraper often carries a connotation of pride and achievement. A loose convention of some in the United States and Europe draws the limit of a skyscraper at 150 m or 490 ft. The tallest building in ancient times was the 146 m Great Pyramid of Giza in ancient Egypt and it was not surpassed in height for thousands of years, the 14th century AD Lincoln Cathedral being conjectured by many to have exceeded it

4.
Emery Roth
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His sons continued in the family enterprise, largely expanding the firm under the name Emery Roth & Sons. Born in Sečovce, Austria-Hungary to a Jewish family, he emigrated to the United States at the age of 13 after his family fell into poverty upon his fathers death. He began his apprenticeship as a draftsman in the Chicago offices of Burnham & Root. At the Exposition Roth also designed one of his first solo projects, there he met Richard Morris Hunt, who was impressed with his skills and invited Roth to work in his office in New York. Following Hunts premature death in 1895, Roth moved to the office of Ogden Codman, Jr. a designer, in 1938, Roth included his sons Julian and Richard as partners. Julian specialized in construction costs and building materials and technology, while Richard was named the principal architect. In the 1950s and 1960s Emery Roth & Sons became the most influential firm in New York and contributed substantially in changing the appearance of Midtown. In that particular period of time Emery Roth & Sons designed dozens of office buildings, mostly with curtain wall facades. Beginning in the mid-1960s, the firm was hired as associate architects in large-scale projects like the Pan Am Building, the World Trade Center. In the early 1960s, Richard Roths son, Richard Roth, Jr. became the generation to join the firm, eventually rising to chief architect CEO. As the firm expanded and diversified over six decades, it remained a business through the 1990s. In 1988 Richard Roth Jrs daughter Robyn Roth-Moise joined the firm as comptroller, Richard Roth Jrs son Richard Lee Roth joined the firm in 1982 and became the chief specification writer for Emery Roth & Sons. Both retired from the firm when Richard Roth Jr retired and was replaced as the companys CEO in 1993 by Robert Sobel, but only three years later, in 1996, the firm ceased to operate, apparently because of financial distress. Emerys great-grandson Richard Lee Roth currently works in the architectural profession and resides in South Florida. P

5.
Rice University
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William Marsh Rice University, commonly referred to as Rice University or Rice, is a private research university located on a 295-acre campus in Houston, Texas, United States. The university is situated near the Houston Museum District and is adjacent to the Texas Medical Center, Rice is generally considered the top university and the most selective institute of higher education in the state of Texas. Opened in 1912 after the murder of its namesake William Marsh Rice, Rice is now a university with an undergraduate focus. Its emphasis on education is demonstrated by a student body and 6,1 student-faculty ratio. The university has a high level of research activity for its size. Rice is noted for its science programs in the fields of artificial heart research, structural chemical analysis, signal processing, space science. It was ranked first in the world in materials science research by the Times Higher Education in 2010, Rice is a member of the Association of American Universities. Graduate programs are offered through the Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business, School of Architecture, Shepherd School of Music, Rice students are bound by the strict Honor Code, which is enforced by a student-run Honor Council. Rice competes in 14 NCAA Division I varsity sports and is a part of Conference USA, intramural and club sports are offered in a wide variety of activities such as jiu jitsu, water polo, and crew. In 1891, Rice decided to charter a free-tuition educational institute in Houston, bearing his name, to be created upon his death, Rices will specified the institution was to be a competitive institution of the highest grade and that only white students would be permitted to attend. On the morning of September 23,1900, Rice, age 84, was dead by his valet. Shortly thereafter, a large check made out to Rices New York City lawyer. The lawyer, Albert T. Patrick, then announced that Rice had changed his will to leave the bulk of his fortune to Patrick, rather than to the creation of Rices educational institute. Rices friend and personal lawyer in Houston, James A. Baker, Jones was not prosecuted since he cooperated with the district attorney, and testified against Patrick. Patrick was found guilty of conspiring to steal Rices fortune and convicted of murder in 1901, Baker helped Rices estate direct the fortune, worth $4.6 million in 1904, towards the founding of what was to be called the Rice Institute. The board took control of the assets on April 29 of that year and he came recommended by Princetons president, Woodrow Wilson. In 1908, Lovett accepted the challenge, and was inaugurated as the Institutes first president on October 12,1912. Lovett undertook extensive research before formalizing plans for the new Institute, Lovett called for the establishment of a university of the highest grade, an institution of liberal and technical learning devoted quite as much to investigation as to instruction

6.
City block
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A city block, urban block or simply block is a central element of urban planning and urban design. A city block is the smallest area that is surrounded by streets, City blocks are the space for buildings within the street pattern of a city, and form the basic unit of a citys urban fabric. City blocks may be subdivided into any number of land lots usually in private ownership, though in some cases. City blocks are usually built-up to varying degrees and thus form the physical containers or streetwalls of public space, most cities are composed of a greater or lesser variety of sizes and shapes of urban block. This arrangement is intended to provide social interaction among people. Since the spacing of streets in grid plans varies so widely among cities, or even within cities, it is difficult to generalize about the size of a city block. However, as points, the standard square blocks of Portland, Houston, and Sacramento are 264 by 264 feet,330 by 330 feet. Oblong blocks range considerably in width and length, the standard block in Manhattan is about 264 by 900 feet, and in some U. S. cities standard blocks are as wide as 660 feet. The blocks in Edmonton, Canada are 330 by 560 feet, the blocks in central Melbourne, Australia, are 330 by 660 feet, formed by splitting the square blocks in an original grid with a narrow street down the middle. Many world cities have grown by accretion over time rather than being planned from the outset, for this reason, a regular pattern of even, square or rectangular city blocks is not so common among European cities, for example. An exception is represented by those cities that were founded as Roman military settlements, one notable example is Turin, Italy. Following the example of Philadelphia, New York City adopted the Commissioners Plan of 1811 for an extensive grid plan. In much of the United States and Canada, the addressing systems follow a block and lot number system, the concept of city block can be generalized as a superblock or sub-block. Superblocks were popular during the early and mid-20th century, arising from modernist ideas in architecture, planning in this era was based upon the distance and speed scales for the automobile and discounted the pedestrian and cyclist modes, as obsolete transportation vehicles. Superblocks are often found in suburbs or planned cities, or are the result of urban renewal of the mid-20th century, in a residential area of a suburb, the interior of the superblock is typically served by dead-ended or looped streets. In this way, superblocks cut up the city into isolated units, expanded automobile dominance, superblocks can also be found in central city areas, where they are more often associated with institutional, educational, recreational and corporate rather than residential uses. The traditional urban block diffused automobile traffic onto several narrower roads at slower speeds and this more finely connected network of narrower roads better allowed the pedestrian and cyclist realms to flourish. The superblock, at the only suitable for automobiles

7.
Willis Tower
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The Willis Tower, built as and still commonly referred to as Sears Tower, is a 108-story,1, 450-foot skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, United States. The building is considered an achievement for its architect Fazlur Kahn. The Willis Tower is the second-tallest building in the United States, more than one million people visit its observation deck each year, making it one of Chicagos most popular tourist destinations. The structure was renamed in 2009 by the Willis Group as part of its lease on a portion of the towers space, the buildings official address is 233 South Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606. In 1969, Sears, Roebuck & Co. was the largest retailer in the world, Sears executives decided to consolidate the thousands of employees in offices distributed throughout the Chicago area into one building on the western edge of Chicagos Loop. Sears asked its counsel, Arnstein, Gluck, Weitzenfeld & Minow to suggest a location. This latter site was decided upon, and preliminary inquiries determined that the necessary permits could be obtained, the next step was to acquire the property, a team of attorneys from the Arnstein law firm, headed by Andrew Adsit, began buying the property parcel by parcel. Sears purchased 15 old buildings from 100 owners and paid $2.7 million to the City of Chicago for the portion of Quincy Street that divided the property. Their team of architect Bruce Graham and structural engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan designed the building as nine square tubes, all nine tubes would rise up to the 50th floor of the building. At the 50th floor, the northwest and southeast tubes end, at the 66th floor, the northeast and the southwest tubes end. At the 90th floor, the north, east, and south tubes end, the remaining west and center tubes continue up to the 108th floor. The Willis Tower was the first building to use Khans bundled tube structure and this innovative design was structurally efficient and economic, at 1,450 feet, it provided more space and rose higher than the Empire State Building, yet cost much less per unit area. This structural system would prove influential in skyscraper construction. It has been used in most supertall buildings since then, including the worlds tallest building, to honor Khans contributions, the Structural Engineers Association of Illinois commissioned a sculpture of him for the lobby of the Willis Tower. The latter floor areas had to be designed to a plate, with a high window-space to floor-space ratio, to be attractive. Smaller floorplates required a structure to yield sufficient square footage. The height was restricted by a limit imposed by the Federal Aviation Administration to protect air traffic, the financing of the tower was provided by the Sears company. It was topped with two antennas to permit local television and radio broadcasts, Sears and the City of Chicago approved the design, and the first steel was put in place in April 1971

8.
X-Seed 4000
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The X-Seed 4000 is the tallest building ever fully envisioned, meaning that the designs for the building have been completed. The idea was created and developed by Peter Neville. Its proposed 4-kilometre height, 6-kilometre wide sea-base, and 800-floor capacity could accommodate 500,000 to 1,000,000 inhabitants and this structure would be composed of over 3,000,000 tons of reinforced steel. It was designed for Tokyo, Japan by the Taisei Corporation in 1995 as a futuristic environment combining ultra-modern living, methods of transportation within the X-seed would most likely include MagLev trains. The X-Seed 4000 is never meant to be built, says Georges Binder, managing director of Buildings & Data, the purpose of the plan was to earn some recognition for the firm, and it worked. Unlike conventional skyscrapers, the X-Seed 4000 would be required to protect its occupants from considerable air pressure gradations. Its design calls for the use of power to maintain internal environmental conditions. Also, the area is situated on the Pacific Ring of Fire. The Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid faces most of the same problems, a sea-based location and a Mount Fuji shape are some of this buildings other major design features — the real Mount Fuji is land-based and is 3,776 m high,224 m shorter than the X-Seed 4000. The X-Seed 4000 is projected to be twice the height of the Shimizu Mega-City Pyramid at 2,004 m, other projects that may be in the top five man made structures are the Ultima Tower, Dubai City Tower and the Bionic Tower in either Hong Kong or Shanghai

9.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946

10.
3 Hudson Boulevard
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It is expected to rise 66 floors and 1,060 feet in height. FXFOWLE Architects designed the building, which would have 139,355 square metres of floor space, if completed as planned, the building would become one of the tallest in the city. The building is planned to have 1,800,000 square feet of real estate, the 1,060 ft building will feature a 22-degree twist in its western and eastern facades, to represent the fact that Manhattans street grid is slightly rotated. Construction was supposed to begin in mid-2014 or 2015, with the buildings planned for 2017. Consequently, the foundation is being built by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, because the station is directly underneath. The foundation works started May 2016, on June 26,2014, Joseph Moinian secured a loan for the construction of the building. The buildings former name, Girasole, means sunflower in Italian, the developers of the building are hoping to get a LEED Platinum certification for the building when it is completed, owing to its eco-friendly design. When completed, the US$800–900 million building will also contain condominiums located on 300,000 square feet between floors 49 and 63

11.
15 Penn Plaza
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15 Penn Plaza, also known as the Vornado Tower, is a proposed 68-story tower in the Midtown Manhattan section of New York City planned by Vornado Realty Trust. It would have 430 units and 2,050,000 square feet of floor space, the Hiller Group is the designer. Despite only having 68 floors, it would be just 10 metres shorter than the Empire State Building, the building would be 1,216 feet in height, in addition to being 1,400 feet away from, and 33 feet shorter than, the Empire State Building. The Empire State Buildings owner, Anthony Malkin, asked the City Council on August 24,2010, malkins reasoning is that the new building would alter the skyline and obscure the view of the western side of the Empire State Building. On August 2014, citing increased interest from tenants, the project was unshelved, still, as of February 2015, Vornado Chairman & CEO Steve Roth was non-committal to the project, The Hotel Penn is important, but not the main event. The main event is to get the buildings so that they command higher market ranch than they do currently. And by the way, they are rising with the marketplace, so we’re not prepared to commit to what our plan for the Hotel Pennsylvania is. List of tallest buildings in New York City 15 Penn Plaza at SkyscraperPage Dobnik, Empire State building wants no competition

12.
53W53
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The building had been in development since 2006, and construction began in late 2014. The building, designed by Jean Nouvel, initially was proposed to stand 1,250 feet tall. Financing had been a problem, until October 2013, when the Kwee brothers Pontiac Land agreed to provide $200 million in equity, the building bought air rights from the University Club of New York and St. Thomas Church. On September 9,2009, the New York City Planning Commission said the building could be built if 200 feet were clipped off the top, the Citys decision not to approve Tower Verre as proposed was greeted with disappointment and derision by several prominent architecture critics. The 1, 050-foot version was approved by the City Council on October 28,2009 in a 44-3 vote, MoMA, which owned the buildings 17, 000-square-foot lot and completed a renovation in 2005, sold the lot to Hines for $125 million in 2007. In September 2014, the air rights were purchased from MOMA, the building is 82-story, 145-unit tower. In addition to the MOMA, the air rights were purchased from the St. Thomas Church for $71 million, the buildings total floor area will be approximately 750,000 square feet, and condominiums in the building are designed by Thierry Despont. As of July 2016, construction management company Lend Lease had completed excavation and foundation work with concrete up to the 8th floor. The building will be mixed-use, with space, condominiums. There will be 145 residences, from one to five bedroom options, one bedroom residences will begin at $3 million and the top floor duplex penthouse is priced at over $70 million. Residents will be given special privileges at MoMA, including unlimited free admission to the museum, exhibition previews, discounts in MoMA stores, services available for a fee will include a pantry stocking service, a housekeeping service, and pet walking. List of tallest buildings in New York City Official website Chicago Tribune, Meet the visionaries behind NYCs new billionaire lair

13.
102 Incheon Tower
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The 102 Incheon Tower was a supertall twin tower proposed for construction in Songdo International City, Incheon, South Korea. The design consists of two 151 floor,613 m supertall skyscrapers connected by three skybridges, the building will become the tallest twin towers in the world, surpassing the Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and one of the tallest buildings in Asia. After the late-2000s recession, the tower was postponed with the possibility of a redesign at a lower height, the height of the supertall was reduced from 613 metres to 490 metres while keeping the design the same. The Skyscraper is designed to represent Songdo City and it will include offices, residential space, and a hotel. It will be a Korean landmark upon completion, the complex is located at the US$35 billion New Songdo City, which will cover over 6 km2 of land and is about 32 km from the nations capital, Seoul. Developer Portman Holdings, run by John Portman, signed an agreement with South Korean officials to build the tower, construction started with groundbreaking on 20 June 2008. If completed on schedule in 2015, construction resumed in 2013 with its completion is 2019, but finally cancelled in 2016. The following is a breakdown of floors of the 151 Incheon Tower, Incheon Towers on SkyscraperPage Incheon Tower 1 Incheon Tower 2 Incheon Tower complex

14.
Aspire Parramatta
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Aspire Parramatta is a proposed skyscraper located in Parramatta, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, a centrepiece of the Parramatta Square development. The building proposal is a residential and hotel skyscraper which will comprise 700 residential apartments and 150 hotel rooms and it will be built in the Parramatta Square Development on plot 8 called PSQ8. If approved, construction would commence on Aspire in 2016, with an overall completion year set for 2020. 2012 The first incarnation of Aspire Parramatta on 160-182 Church Street in Parramatta, was conceived in July 2012 and this project would form one of the key developments of Parramatta Square, formerly known as Civic Place. 2013–15 In early 2013, a development plan application was lodged, the new proposal would include a 336 metres tall skyscraper with 88 storeys, comprising 700 residential apartments, a 150-room hotel and retail space. Dubbed Aspire Parramatta, the skyscraper would have included an observation deck. By late August 2014, the building proposal was questioned after issues regarding height restrictions emerged with aviation authorities. Soon after, new recommendations proposed for a no more than 243 metres tall. In October 2014, Parramatta council submit a proposal to the City Centre Planning Framework Review to remove the building height limit. In May 2015, the Government of New South Wales scrapped the existing building height restrictions in Parramatta, in order for the latter to eventuate, the project had to receive final approval from the Civil Aviation Safety Authority. By August 2015, the Walker Corporation was appointed developer of the Aspire project. In conjunction with the announcement of Walkers appointment, it was revealed the tower would have to be reduced to 68 storeys, 2016–present In early 2016, the Walker Corporation launched a design competition for the Aspire Tower. The initial design for the won in 2012 by Grimshaw Architects, was shelved. The latter, Bates Smart, was selected by a jury of four Parramatta individuals in March. The A$700 million skyscraper project will be devised into two phases, Phase 1 will see an application lodged by June 2016 for a 70-storey skyscraper, with a height of approximately 243 m. Should the Walker Corporation and CASA reach an agreement pertaining to lifting the height limit on the project. Phase 2 will see an application lodged for a 90-storey skyscraper, should this proposal eventuate, it would allow for Aspire to become the 3rd-tallest building in Australia behind Q1 and Australia 108. Notwithstanding which phase goes ahead, the residential, hotel and observation aspect of the skyscraper will be retained in the design, the Walker Corporation anticipates a 2020 completion date for Aspire

15.
Azerbaijan Tower
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Azerbaijan Tower is a planned megatall skyscraper to be constructed on the Khazar Islands,25 km south of Baku, Azerbaijan. If built as planned, the tower will surpass the tremendous heights of both Burj Khalifa and the Jeddah Tower becoming the tallest building in the world. The president of the Avesta Group of Companies, Ibrahim Ibrahimov, the $2 billion tower is to be the centerpiece of the Khazar Islands, a $100 billion city of 41 artificial islands that will spread 3,000 hectares over the Caspian Sea. All of these facilities are planned to be able to withstand up to magnitude 9.0 earthquakes, the city will be equipped with 150 bridges and a large municipal airport to connect the islands to the mainland. Ibrahim told reporters that American, Turkish, Arab and Chinese investors have shown their interest in the project that will be, in his words. Construction on the Azerbaijan Tower was set to begin in 2015 and its construction status is unknown as of 2017. The Khazar Islands are scheduled to be finished between 2020 and 2025, Jeddah Tower Burj Khalifa India Tower Avesta Concern English Homepage Khazar Islands Homepage

16.
Burj Mubarak al-Kabir
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The Burj Mubarak al-Kabir is a proposed megatall skyscraper in Kuwait City, Kuwait. It will be part of the city called Madinat al-Hareer. If built, it would become the worlds tallest building, surpassing the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. Its height is in order to reflect the folk tale collection One Thousand and One Arabian Nights If built, The tower will be the tallest skyscraper in Kuwait, skyscrapers do not normally exceed 80 floors due to the amount of space that would be taken up by elevators. However, the Mubarak al-Kabir Tower would consist of a far greater number of floors and this would necessitate double or triple-decker elevators. Another challenge would be posed by the height of the building. In order to cope with these winds, the tower is designed as three interlocking towers, each twisting 45 degrees to help stabilize it, in addition, vertical ailerons will run the full length of the building on each edge. Adjustments to the positions of these ailerons will redirect the winds in order to structural vibrations. The building will include seven vertically stacked 30-story neighborhoods, including apartments, offices, linking the neighborhoods will be several four-story town squares. The planned height of the building is taller than the current tallest building in the world, the 828 m Burj Khalifa, the tower is estimated to be completed before the Tokyo Sky Mile Tower. The construction will start when the Jaber Causeway is complete

17.
Crystal Island
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Crystal Island is a planned building project in Moscow, Russia that is planned to have around 2,500,000 square meters of floor space and a height of 450 meters designed by Norman Foster. At these dimensions upon completion it would be the largest structure on earth, the architectural firm behind the design is Foster and Partners. The tent-like superstructure would rise to 450 m, and form a second skin. This section skin will be sealed in winter to heat loss. The building would be integrated into a new park, which would provide a range of activities throughout the year, with cross country skiing and ice skating in the winter. It is stated to have a multitude of cultural, exhibition, performance, hotel, apartment, retail and office space, the building would be powered by built-in solar panels and wind turbines. The structure would also feature on-site renewable and low-carbon energy generation, in 2009, due to the global economic crisis, financial backing for the project was lost, and construction of the project was postponed. Hyperboloid structure List of hyperboloid structures Arcology Crystal Island at Foster and Partners

18.
Dream Tower
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Dream Tower is a 665 m megatall skyscraper proposed to be built in the new Yongsan International Business District, Seoul, South Korea. It will replace the original Triple One Tower, the Triple One Tower was supposed to be 620 meters. However, it has been renamed Dream tower, and has been redesigned, with 150 stories, the building will be the centrepiece of the Yongsan Dreamhub, a 28-trillion-won project to be built on the banks of the Han River near Yongsan Station. Demolition of the started in 2010 and ground breaking was scheduled to start in 2011. List of buildings with 100 floors or more List of tallest buildings in Seoul Official site Emporis page Article calling for a redesign

19.
Dynamic Tower
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The Dynamic Tower is a proposed 420-metre, 80-floor moving skyscraper, designed by architect David Fisher. Similar to the Suite Vollard completed in 2001 in Brazil, each floor is designed to rotate independently, each floor is designed to rotate a maximum of 6 metres per minute, or one full rotation in 180 minutes. It was proposed as the worlds first prefabricated skyscraper with 40 factory-built modules for each floor, Fisher said that 90% of the tower could be built in a factory and shipped to the construction site. This would allow the building to be built more quickly. The core of the tower must be built at the construction site, Fisher said that the prefabricated portions would decrease the projects cost and the number of workers, and that construction will take 30% less time than a normal skyscraper of the same size. The majority of the workers would be in factories, working under safer conditions, kitchen and bathroom fixtures would be pre-installed. The core would serve each floor with a special, patented connection for clean water, the entire tower is proposed to be powered from wind turbines and solar panels. Enough surplus electricity should be produced to power five other similar sized buildings in the vicinity, the turbines would be located between each of the rotating floors. Fisher said that they could generate up to 1,200,000 kilowatt-hours of energy each year, the solar panels are expected to cover the roof and the top of each floor. In 2008, Fisher said that he expected the skyscraper to be completed in 2010, in 2009, Fisher said construction would be complete in late 2011. Fisher did not say where the tower would be built, because he wanted to keep it a surprise, Fisher acknowledges that he is not well known, has never built a skyscraper before and has not practiced architecture regularly in decades. As of 2017, construction has not started, and there has no official announcement of the building site. In 2017, Dynamic Architecture announced for the Dynamic Tower to be completed by 2020, list of tallest buildings in Dubai Dynamic Architecture - Rotating Tower Official website Profile and images from Specifier Magazine The Da Vinci, Upward Spiral - slideshow by The First Post

20.
Millennium Tower (Frankfurt)
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The Millennium Tower is a proposed supertall skyscraper whose completion date is unknown. If ever completed, it would be Europes second tallest building and it would be located in Frankfurt, Germany and would have a height of 369 m with 97 storeys. Thirty percent of the building is planned to be residential, the client was EIM and the concept was created by Albert Speer & Partner, as a component of the high-rise master plan of Frankfurt in 1998. TD Trump Deutschland was dissolved in 2005 and several lawsuits followed, on the real estate exhibition Cityscape, which took place in Dubai, the project was presented as cubic model in October 2007. With the property owned by Vivico Real Estate GmbH, the Millennium Tower would be located in the Gallus district, since May 2001, the official construction permit has been granted. It could be marketed as the European headquarters for global companies, due to the economic crisis starting in 2008, marketing efforts for the tower were levelled down. The general situation of the real estate market improved in the early 2010s and neighbouring projects are in the process of realisation, List of tallest buildings in Frankfurt List of tallest buildings in Europe Emporis, general database of skyscrapers architekci. pl

21.
Gujarat International Finance Tec-City
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Gujarat International Finance Tec-City or GIFT is an under-construction central business district between Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar in the Indian state of Gujarat. It will be built on 359 hectares of land, the estimated cost of the entire project is Rs.70,000 crore. GIFTCL proposes to implement GIFT with an eventual built-on area of 7,900,000 m2. are established and sustained, currently, two 29-floor commercial towers have been completed with development of truck infrastructure now underway for further development. Centrally located in the state of Gujarat, between Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar, on the bank of river Sabarmati, having geographical coordinates 23°9’26’’N 72°41’12’’E, the city lies in the influence zone of the ongoing $90 billion Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor Project. The site abuts a four lane National Highway which connects Ahmedabad, the Sabarmati river demarcates the western boundary of the Project site. The 1000MW electricity supply is planned to be 99. 999% reliable, gIFTs power grid will be designed by ABB Group of Switzerland. All the electricity cables will be underground, hong Kong Electric Company is 99. 998% reliable since 1998. Natural Gas will be distributed to house and building via pipes. Gas supply to the city will be made from the gas network of GSPL. Piped natural gas is already in distribution in the cities of Ahmedabad. GIFT will have an air conditioning system called District cooling. All waste will be sucked through underground pipes at a high speed of 90 km/h. GIFT aims at providing a network that ensures accessibility, easy and fast mobility. This would be achieved by,1, using a multimodal mix of transport systems for both intercity transport and intra-city transport. Using a walk-to-work concept as part of planning with a nodal split of 10,90 between private and public transport. Use of electric personal rapid transit systems within the city, GIFT City will also have its own metro stations. Indian Railways railway lines pass the city on the east and west sides, GIFT Diamond Tower GIFT Gateway Towers - will be located in the main avenue of the city. It would have elaborate terrace gardens and a rooftop restaurant, the towers draw inspiration from Buland Darwaza

22.
Hudson Yards, Manhattan
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Javits Convention Center, and a financing plan to fund the various components. The centerpiece of Hudson Yards is a 28-acre mixed-use real estate development of the name by Related Companies and Oxford Properties. This new construction project is the largest of its kind, the railyard project broke ground on December 4,2012, the first tower, an 895-foot office building in the southeast corner of the site, opened on May 31,2016. The over-US$20 billion development will accommodate a projected 65,000 daily visitors when completed, the Citys plan was similar to a neighborhood plan produced by architect Meta Brunzema and environmental planner Daniel Gutman for the Hells Kitchen Neighborhood Association. The main concept of the HKNA plan was to major new development while protecting the existing residential core area between Ninth and Tenth avenues. To help facilitate development, the Citys plan called for an extension of the 7 <7> trains to a 34th Street subway station under Eleventh Avenue, a Hudson Yards Infrastructure Corporation would issue bonds against expected revenues. In January 2005, the New York City Council approved the 60-block rezoning, including the portion of the West Side Yard. In June 2005, the proposal was defeated. After the City rezoned the western rail yard and added it to the financing district, five developers responded to the RFP, Extell, Tishman Speyer, Brookfield, Vornado, and the Related Companies. Tishman Speyer won the bid in March 2008, Tishman Speyer entered into a 99-year lease with the MTA, paying $1 billion for the air rights. However, just two later, the deal broke down due to the late-2000s financial crisis. Not much later, the MTA chose the Related Companies and Goldman Sachs to develop Hudson Yards under the same conditions, in December 2009, the New York City Council approved Related Companies revised plan for Hudson Yards, and the western portion of the West Side Yard was rezoned. Following the rail yards successful rezoning, the MTA signed another 99-year lease to the air rights over the yard in May 2010. Groundbreaking for 10 Hudson Yards, the first building, occurred on December 4,2012, in April 2013, the Related/Oxford joint venture obtained a $475 million construction loan from parties including Barry Sternlichts Starwood Capital Group and luxury retailer Coach. A portion of the project was financed by the EB-5 investment program. The city had originally projected to receive $563 million from property sales by September 2015, consequently, the city has had to allocate $358 million since 2006 to pay off debt. But developers have paid the city $336 million since July 2014, the pace has quickened in recent years, with 57 buildings built or under construction in the area from 2006 to June 2015, indicating an improving balance sheet. After the Hudson Yards project was approved in 2005, the MTA received proceeds from the initial 2006 bond offering to pay for the subway to 34th Street, with funding assured, the MTA proceeded quickly to construction

23.
The Illinois
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The design, intended to be built in Chicago, included 528 stories, with a gross area of 18,460,000 square feet. Wright stated that there would have been parking for 15,000 cars and 150 helicopters, Wright believed that it would have been technically possible to construct such a building even at the time it was proposed. At the time, the tallest skyscraper in the world was New Yorks Empire State Building and it probably would have been possible to erect a self-supporting steel structure of the required height, but there are a number of problems which occur when a building is that tall. The material used to build tall towers at the time, steel, is quite flexible and this allows towers to sway substantially in the wind, causing discomfort for occupants of the higher floors. The late 1990s and early 2000s saw substantial increases in the strength of concrete. Wright explained that there would be 76 elevators, each having five-floor-high tandem cabs, the 76 elevators would be divided into five banks or groups, with each elevator group serving a hundred-floor segment of the building. However, Wright’s floor plan of the 528th floor shows it would be served by one elevator shaft. The elevators were to be “atomic powered”, capable of mile-per-minute speeds, but a realistic design would be powered by a third rail like subways. The elevator banks extend beyond the exterior walls at various points. He said these elevators would enable the building to be evacuated in one hour, in his 1957 book, A Testament, Wright described the proposed structure with floor plans of the “base”, 320th, and 528th floors. The floor plan for the 320th floor shows a single, open staircase, not separated from the office space in any way. The floor plan of the 528th floor shows that access is solely by a single elevator, Wright believed that because his building was fireproof, any fire precautions would be moot. Fang Island released a song called The Illinois on their 2010 self-titled album that was inspired by the design. com

24.
The Imperial 3
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The Imperial 3 is an 400-metre 116-floor supertall residential skyscraper in Mumbai, India. The towers are located in Tardeo, South Mumbai, construction began in 2016 and the towers will be inaugurated in 2020 or 2021. Imperial Tower 3, designed by the Chicago-based architect firm Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture is their most recognizable project to date and it will be constructed by Shapoorji Pallonji and J+W Consultants and CBM Engineers will act as its structural engineer. It will stand near to its existing Sister tower The Imperial Towers which were designed by Hafeez Contractor, the Imperial 3 would be one of Indias first supertall skyscrapers to achieve a LEED Platinum rating for environmental sustainability from Green Building Council. Design Search was started when the real estate developer Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Ltd. under its flagship construction firm S D Corporation Pvt. Ltd, the Imperial is located in Tardeo, Mumbai. This model was used for slum and mill land redevelopment across the city and it will stand near to its existing Sister tower The Imperial Towers which were designed by Hafeez Contractor. Imperial Tower will also offer spacious and luxurious residences, all of the upper-story condominiums offer scenic views of the Arabian Sea. Architecturally, the wall provides a strong visual contrast with the heavy masonry cladding of most surrounding buildings. The exterior wall is highly sustainable, blocking heat gain and diffusing direct sunlight in the hot and humid climate of Mumbai. The towers ability to stand up to the wind is enhanced by sky gardens which have designed to dampen wind eddying about the tower minimizing the negative effects of wind action on the tower. Wind vortex shedding is also mitigated by the north- and south-facing sky gardens, the sky gardens also provide unprecedented access to light, views and connection with the natural world that are unprecedented in Mumbai. The sustainability of Imperial Tower is also evident in its treatment of water, water from mechanical systems is collected and treated as greywater, rainfall is also collected for re-use by the units. High-efficiency mechanical systems, a podium and the use of native plants in the landscaping. Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Ltd. is also exploring a plan for kitchens and bathrooms to be pre-fabricated, the Building will have 27 high speed elevators which would be provided by Schindler, which has also provided elevators to the its sister building The Imperial Towers. The tower also features a system, which captures rainwater for reuse. Shapoorji Pallonji & Co Ltd. states that the building would be largely of recycled. Air entering the building is filtered, as is common, and this Building is going to be constructed using a concrete manufactured with slag, a byproduct of blast furnaces. The mixture used in the concrete is 55% cement and 45% slag

25.
Krrish Square
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Krrish Square is a set of four supertall skyscrapers under construction in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The multi-purpose residential and commercial will be built on a 4. 3-acre land, leased from the Urban Development Authority for a period of 99-years, the project is owned and run Krrish Group, an Indian real-estate company established in 1983. Official construction of the project was expected to be commenced in June 2013. The entire project is slated for completion no earlier than 2016, some test piling commenced at the project site in early 2013. Several of these such as Samsung, Nokia, Mitsubishi. The Krrish Square development offices are located on the 35th floor of the World Trade Centers West Tower. The project, currently ranked as the 10th largest of its kind in the world, the Krrish Colombo project was also granted multiple tax concessions by the government, commencing with a 10-year income tax holiday and subsequently a concessionary 6% tax for the next 15 years. The architectural design of the project is to be carried out by Kukreja Associates, exterior landscaping will be done by Dandi Living Limited. Paris-based architect Edouard Francois will head the preservation and redevelopment of the historic Transworks House, the entire Krrish development will have a 10-floor base podium, to be used for car parking, high-end retail stores, and shopping complexes. The last three tallest towers will be used for residential purposes, while the first and tallest tower will be used for commercial purposes like housing office spaces. The three towers will be connected by two large skybridges, if constructions go according to plan, the towers would be some of the tallest buildings in the world. The project will be built over the historical Transworks House, a larger portion of the land bought for the development was previously used by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka for car parking facilities. List of tallest structures List of tallest structures in Sri Lanka Official website

26.
Manhattan West
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Manhattan West is a 5,400, 000-square-foot mixed-use development by Brookfield Properties. The project consists of two office towers and two smaller residential towers, as well as a 1. 5-acre public park. The towers will be built on a platform over Penn Station storage tracks along Ninth Avenue, the buildings will be built close to the developing Hudson Yards region between 31st and 33rd streets. These two buildings have been proposed as of 2010, upon its completion the taller west tower will extend 995 feet up to its roof and will be one of the tallest buildings in New York City and the world. Ground was broken for the site in January 2013, as of May 21,2014, a permit for the Manhattan West building complex has been submitted and approved. Under the updated 2014 plan, the complex is set to be completed by 2020. By the end of 2014, a US$680,000,000 platform over Long Island Rail Road tracks between Tenth and Dyer Avenues, atop which will be the Manhattan West development, was completed. In October 2015, the Qatar Investment Authority invested in a 44% stake in the $4.5 billion mixed-use development project.6 billion upon completion. According to reports, the development project is part of a plan to redevelop the Hudson Yards area. The QIA was referred to as a bird for their investment in an area that has not yet come under widespread development. This strategy assumes taking on more development risk in the hope of better returns, as of May 2015, construction is progressing. The development plans announced by Brookfield Property Partners and QIA include five buildings, as of January 2017,1 Manhattan West is currently under construction. The future 67-story building is scheduled for completion in 2019 and law firm Skadden, Arps, Slate,2 Manhattan West, which reportedly won’t undergo construction until it ensures an anchor tenant, will be completed following the first tower and will include 2-million-square-feet. 3 Manhattan West, located at 401 West 31st Street, is a tower that is part of the Manhattan West project. When completed it will stand 62 floors and 702 feet to its height, in total it will have 844 units. According to mid-2016 reports,4 Manhattan West, a building, is still in the planning process. The development includes a building at 450 West 33rd Street that houses the Associated Press. When renovation of the building is done in summer 2016, it will be renamed 5 Manhattan West, the National Hockey League will also be moving its headquarters to the complexs One Manhattan West

27.
Merdeka PNB 118
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Merdeka PNB118, formerly known as KL118 or Warisan Merdeka, is a 118-storey, 682-metre megatall skyscraper currently under construction in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Warisan Merdeka development is funded by Permodalan Nasional Berhad, with a budget of RM5 billion, when completed in 2019, the tower will be the tallest building in Malaysia and the third tallest in the world. It will consist of 400,000 square metres of residential, hotel and it will exceed the height of the 88 storey Petronas Twin Towers. The building will consist of 100 storeys of space, including 80 storeys of office space,12 storeys of hotel rooms,5 storeys of hotel residences. The non-rentable space consists of elevators, recreational and maintenance facilities,60 out of the 80 storeys of office space will be reserved for Permodalan Nasional Berhad, the developer of the project, and its subsidiaries. The tower is sited at Petaling Hill, a low-density hill directly southeast of the historic Kuala Lumpur old town, the KL118 development, when completed, will also have access to the newly built MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line excavated underneath the southern end of Kuala Lumpur old town. The tower is to create a new landmark for Kuala Lumpur. The design resemble Tunku Abdul Rahmans right hand raised during the Merdeka Proclamation with an unclenched fist to signify the nature of the nations struggle for its independence. It will contain a complex, offices, and residential areas. The piling and foundation work for the project was awarded to Pintaras Geotechnics Sdn Bhd and these companies submitted their bids by January 28,2015. KONE, a Finnish group, is supplying around 87 elevators and escalators for the project, on 23 November 2015, PNB announced a contract worth RM3.4 Billion has been awarded to the joint venture of South Korea’s Samsung C&T and UEM Group Bhd. Many have criticised this project, claiming that it is wasteful, in response to the criticism, the Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak claimed that the project was not a waste and will bring more benefits by generating economic opportunities. As of September 2016, piling work has been completed and above ground work is about to commence

28.
One Bayfront Plaza
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One Bayfront Plaza is a proposed supertall skyscraper at one point approved for construction in the U. S. city of Miami, Florida. If completed, the building would stand at 1,005 feet, with 80 floors, becoming the tallest building in Miami and Florida. The entire project consists of over 1,400,000 square feet of Class A office and hotel space, One Bayfront Plaza is the first skyscraper over 1,000 feet to be approved for construction in Miami. The buildings primary advocate is real estate developer Tibor Hollo, who has won awards for his 55 years as a developer in Miami. One Bayfront Plaza has gone through several revisions since its original proposal as a single,80 floor,1,180 feet tower. It was first approved as a complex of two connected towers as shown in the rendering below and was to be known as the 100 South Biscayne complex with the tower being 1,049 feet high. The development was planned to include an adjacent, connected 850-room hotel tower referred to as 100 South Biscayne II, both buildings in the complex had a scheduled groundbreaking in 2011, and were estimated to be completed by 2015. One Bayfront Plaza was originally proposed as a 1, 180-foot office, the design included 2,100,000 square feet of office space, a 650-room hotel and a 3,000 space parking garage. The FAA conducted hundreds of surveys in the downtown area. One example is 900 Biscayne Boulevard, located just a few blocks to the north of the OBP site, the FAA reasoned that the skyscrapers interfered with their radar, in addition to being a physical hazard to landing planes. The redesigned One Bayfront Plaza was approved at its height of 1,049 feet due to its determination by the city as a significant landmark. In July 2007, a design of the building was released. The new design scaled back the height to 1,049 feet, the major feature of the new design was the incorporation of a separate hotel building to be located adjacent to the tower. The main tower was to be all office space and this revised design was subsequently approved by the City of Miami on July 25,2007, but construction never began. In the fall of 2008, the height was scaled back again slightly due to new zoning laws to its current design as a single, 80-floor,1. The single tower would contain residential space at the bottom, accounting for the floor count. This design of the tower was to incorporate fluid dampers used to wind gusts. The tower was designed to resemble a sail to reflect the bay it overlooks, in mid-2011 it was announced that the project was still alive and that the plan should be ready in 14 months

29.
One Queensbridge
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One Queensbridge is an approved mixed–used supertall skyscraper to be located in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne, Australia. When built, the skyscraper will become the tallest building in Melbourne, surpassing the height of Australia 108, in addition to being the tallest, the development is one of the biggest single–building projects in Australia, encompassing 300,376 square metres of floor area. Additionally, a footbridge link the project to the Crown Casino and Entertainment Complex. Construction is expected to commence in 2018, and it is estimated to be completed in five to six years, One Queensbridge will be built on the amalgamated site 1–29 Queensbridge Street, in the Southbank precinct of Melbourne. Directly across from the Queensbridge site, is Crown Melbourne, the subject site is currently occupied by four buildings, of commercial use and each between three to six levels in height, at the addresses of 1–7, 9–15, 17–23, and 25–29 Queensbridge Street. Prior to the acquisition of the sites, 25-29 Queensbridge Street was subject to plans for a 71–storey residential building, named The Falls, the skyscraper would have reached a height of 237 metres and comprise over 500 apartments. Despite its approval in August 2012, the skyscraper did not proceed to construction, from 1899 to 1914, 1–7 Queensbridge Street was occupied by the Falls Bridge Hotel, and at the time, it had a Moray Street address. In 1914, the hotel was renamed to the Queens Bridge Hotel, however, it was considered a deathtrap, a $12 million redevelopment of the Hotel saw it converted into a nightclub in October 1999, and it was renamed to QBH. Over the next decade, the nightclub maintained popularity but also notoriety, having been the scene of violence and brawls, by the late 2000s, the QBH was closed–down, and the site was placed on the market. The Schiavello Group purchased the site in 2010, and has used the hotel as a Schiavello Furniture showroom. Having purchased the 1 Queensbridge site in 2010, the Schiavello Group in conjunction with Bates Smart architectural firm, initially, the building was to rise to a height of 276 metres, and contain 71 levels. The $275 million development, designed by Bates Smart, would comprise 592 residential apartments and 566 car parking spaces, however, by July 2014, a deal was brokered between Schiavello Group and by Crown Limited that would see both companies participate in a joint development. The height of the project was increased to 308 metres, the development would have been named the Queensbridge Tower.6 metres – approximately two metres below the height limit imposed by the Civil Aviation Safety Authority. Additionally, access to the 90th–level will be open to the public, which will include space, bars. London–based architectural firm WilkinsonEyre joined the project, after their design of One Queensbridge was chosen at a design competition for the development in 2015. WilkinsonEyre previously collaborated with Crown Limited, having designed the Crown Sydney skyscraper currently under construction in Barangaroo, the development —now referred to as One Queensbridge— required approval for construction by the State Government, approval it received by the Planning Minister, Richard Wynne, in February 2017. Furthermore, Southbank Boulevard will benefit from the package, with including a new bike strip. The skyscraper could take up to five to six years to build, additionally, One Queensbridge will become the tallest building in Australia, surpassing the Gold Coasts Q1, which stands 322.5 metres in height to its spire

A city block, urban block or simply block is a central element of urban planning and urban design. — A city block is the …

Diagram of an example of a rectangular city block as seen from above, surrounded by streets. The block is divided into lots which were numbered by the developer as shown in red here and as shown in plats. The addresses on this example 800 block are shown in black and the adjacent blocks are the 700 and 900 blocks. An alley shown in light gray runs lengthwise down the middle of the block. Streets are shown in dark gray. Sidewalks are shown in light gray. Avenues are shown in green with walkways shown in light gray from every lot to the street.

Chicago in 1857. Blocks of 80, 40, and 10 acres establish a street grid at the outskirts which continues into the more finely divided downtown area.

A one square km superblock sector in Milton Keynes framed by major roads on a grid configuration. The road network within the sector uses dead-ended streets complemented by bike and foot paths which connect the entire sector and beyond

A diagramatic illustration of the streets (blue), paths (green) and open spaces (yellow) in a "Pedestrian Pocket" superblock (after P. Calthorpe and D. Kelbaugh).