Asō, the son of a business tycoon, was closely linked to the political and imperial hierarchy of Japan. He was a grandson of Yoshida Shigeru, who served as prime minister in the late 1940s and early ’50s; his father-in-law was Suzuki Zenkō, prime minister in 1980–82; and one of his sisters sister was married to a cousin of the emperor Akihito. Asō graduated (1963) from Gakushuin University and later studied at Stanford University and the University of London. He joined Asō Industry in 1966 and within six years had advanced to president and CEO of the Asō Cement Co., Ltd.

Asō left the family business in 1979 after he was elected to the lower house of the Diet (parliament). He rose through the ranks of the LDP, holding a variety of party and government posts. In October 2005 Prime Minister Koizumi Jun’ichirō appointed Asō to head the Foreign Ministry, a role he retained under Koizumi’s successor, Abe Shinzo, before leaving in August 2007. As foreign minister, Asō built a reputation as a strong conservative and hawkish nationalist who endorsed the U.S.-Japan alliance and took a hard line on North Korea and China. He was known to support labour reforms, regional decentralization that would give greater autonomy to Japan’s prefectures, and increased taxes to fund the national pension plan.

Following Fukuda’s resignation from office in early September 2008, Asō began seeking the presidency of the LDP, a post that he had been unable to gain in three previous attempts; on September 22 he succeeded, gaining an overwhelming majority of votes from his LDP peers. He became prime minister two days later, the first Roman Catholic to hold the office.

Asō cultivated a populist image, especially among young Japanese. He was a champion marksman who had represented Japan in skeet shooting at the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal. In addition, he was a great fan of manga and worked to promote the popular Japanese graphic literary form outside Japan. It was hoped by LDP officials that his charisma and cheerful demeanour could restore voter confidence in the party, which had lost the election to the upper house of the Diet in 2007.