Strategists at JPMorgan scoured more than 25,000 earnings transcripts for hints of what the future holds for corporate America.

The firm identified five major themes that popped up repeatedly. Understanding how these forces can affect companies will be crucial for investors going forward.

The five catalysts — and the broader impact they could have — are discussed in detail below.

No amount of independent financial analysis is enough to truly understand what’s going on in the global business landscape. At a certain point, you have to listen to what the companies themselves are saying.

JPMorgan is well aware of this fact, which is why the firm recently scoured more than 25,000 corporate earnings transcripts for hints of what the future holds.

But before we get into the major takeaways from JPMorgan’s analysis, let’s set the scene in markets.

Stocks are off to a torrid pace this year after nearly slipping into a bear market in late December. The benchmark S&P 500 has rallied 12% in 2019, led by cyclical equities.

And according to JPMorgan, the next few months could be even brighter. The firm notes that stock positioning is “still relatively light,” leaving room for upside. JPMorgan also says most retail investors have stayed on the sidelines during the year-to-date recovery, which means the market could be pushed higher once they decide to participate.

With JPMorgan’s constructive outlook established, let’s take a look at the five major themes the firm uncovered when digging through earnings calls. Any one of them could very well dictate whether JPMorgan’s bull case comes to fruition.

1) Tariffs

This is perhaps the most timely market catalyst, considering new headlines from over the weekend suggesting that a trade-war resolution is near. Even before this latest progress, JPMorgan found that corporate tariff worries had subdued somewhat, most likely because investors had become well-versed in the situation.

“In regards to supply chain, companies are not committing significant capital for shifting production capacity at this point,” Dubravko Lakos-Bujas, JPMorgan’s chief US equity strategist, wrote in a recent client note. “Instead, they are managing tariffs by raising prices where possible, idling and shifting production to geographies unaffected by tariffs, and/or passing cost to suppliers.”

He continued, laying out his bull case: “If a trade deal materializes, it will remove uncertainty and could be a source of positive revisions since this catalyst is mostly not in consensus numbers.”

The chart below shows which industries are most concerned about tariffs, based on the number of times the word was mentioned on earnings calls.

JPMorgan

2) Input costs

JPMorgan notes that input costs — like energy or raw-materials prices — have also been a concern for corporations. That said, the firm prefers to view it in tandem with trade concerns, since they’re so intertwined.

He continued: “However, after a sharp decline in crude (-40% in 4Q) and more broadly S&P GSCI (-20%), local producers received some relief.”

The chart below shows that automobile companies are the most worried about this particular driver.

Goldman Sachs

3) Rising wages

JPMorgan was actually surprised by the results for this search term. The firm says a declining number of S&P 500 companies are highlighting rising wages as a risk, despite assertions to the contrary over the past few months.

At the heart of JPMorgan’s view on the matter is the difference between labor-intensive industries and those that are more skilled. Or, more specifically, how much respective influence those groups exert on the overall market.

“Since the latter makes up ~60% of S&P 500 market cap (and growing), the expanding labor market should be a net positive for S&P 500 profits through rising demand/revenue, which should more than offset wage pressures at this point in the cycle,” Lakos-Bujas said.

4) Geopolitical risks

JPMorgan notes that, in the fourth quarter, discussion of geopolitical risk spiked to its highest levels in five years. More specifically, the firm noticed an uptick in the energy, tech hardware, banks, and transportation sectors.

Simply knowing which areas of the market think they’re most at-risk — stripped out conveniently in the chart below — can be valuable for investors looking to avoid an unpredictable geopolitical overhang.

“In particular, Energy companies discussed the negative impacts of geopolitics on oil supply and demand sentiment and some delays in regulatory approvals driven by the government shutdown” Lakos-Bujas said.

JPMorgan

5) US dollar

JPMorgan says discussion of the greenback increased for the industrials, materials, consumer staples, and technology sectors. This can be seen in the chart below.

Going beyond sector-specific concerns, JPMorgan highlights a weaker US dollar as possibly being a positive catalyst for stocks.

“We estimate that every ~2% decline in the US dollar trade-weighted index is ~1% upside for S&P 500 EPS,” Lakos-Bujas said. “If US dollar were to stabilize or begin a structural decline, this multi-year drag for US Multinationals could become a tailwind.”