littoral zone

littoral zone1. The area in shallow, fresh water and around lake shores where light penetration extends to the bottom sediments, giving a zone colonized by rooted plants.

2. In marine ecosystems the shore area or intertidal zone where periodic exposure and submersion by tides is normal. Since the precise physical limits of tidal range vary constantly, a biological definition of this zone, which essentially reflects typical physical conditions rather than rarely experienced events, is generally more useful. Thus, in Britain the littoral zone is defined as the region between the upper limit of species of the seaweed Laminaria, and the upper limit of Littorina species (periwinkles), or of the lichen Verrucaria.

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littoral zone

littoral zone1. The area in shallow, fresh water and around lake shores, where light penetration extends to the bottom sediments, giving a zone colonized by rooted plants.

2. In marine ecosystems the shore area or intertidal zone, where periodic exposure and submersion by tides is normal. Since the precise physical limits of tidal range vary constantly, a biological definition of this zone, which essentially reflects typical physical conditions rather than rarely experienced events, is generally more useful. Thus in Britain the littoral zone is defined as the region between the upper limit of species of the seaweed Laminaria and the upper limit of Littorina species (periwinkles) or of the lichenVerrucaria.

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Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA).

Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list.

Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites:

Modern Language Association

The Chicago Manual of Style

American Psychological Association

Notes:

Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates.

In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list.

littoral zone

littoral zone1. The area in shallow fresh water and around lake shores where light penetration extends to the bottom sediments, giving a zone colonized by rooted plants.

2. In marine ecosystems the shorearea or intertidal zone where periodic exposure and submersion by tides is normal. Since the precise physical limits of tidal range vary constantly a biological definition of this zone, which essentially reflects typical physical conditions rather than rarely experienced events, is generally more useful. Thus in Britain the littoral zone is defined as the region between the upper limit of species of the seaweed Laminaria, and the upper limit of Littorina species (periwinkles), or of the lichen Verrucaria.

Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

Citation styles

Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA).

Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list.

Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites:

Modern Language Association

The Chicago Manual of Style

American Psychological Association

Notes:

Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates.

In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list.

Citation styles

Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA).

Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list.

Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. Therefore, it’s best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publication’s requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites:

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Notes:

Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Refer to each style’s convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates.

In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list.