In the Netherlands, a camp is set up in Westerbork to process refugees fleeing Germany. During the occupation of the Netherlands, the Nazis will use Westerbork as a concentration camp to process Jews being shipped to the east for extermination.

Westerbork will serve as a transit point for 101,000 Dutch Jews and about 5,000 German Jews being transported to their deaths in Poland: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Sobibór, Bergen-Belsen, and Theresienstadt. One of residents here was Anne Frank, from August to September 1944, when she and her family were placed on one of the last transports going east.