3034.JSP.50003(A0) ‘Jacketed pipe specification’ .1
GENERAL Scope and Field of Application
The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines and reference criteria for the design of aboveground piping layouts for oil and petrochemical plants.00.DCR.50002(A0) ‘Job specification for typical piping assembly’ .PI.00-GA-E-00060898.AA401(A1) ‘P&ID development procedure’ .ED. The following functional blocks can normally: Process Units. loading system. and the overall dimensions are defined.3034.2
Plant block identification
The homogeneous blocks are identified into which the Plant can be subdivided.50001(A0)
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The units of measurement indicated in the documents are normally those specified in the Project Specifications. Tank farms.00. Office building.PCR. Flares and effluent treatment. pump rooms.PI.PM. On-site area Utilities production Units.ED.00.50000(A2) .ED. If these documents do not prescribe any unit of measurement. Measurement Units Off-site area
1. the Unit of Measurement is International System of Unit (SI).3034. canteens.00.DCR.3034.3034. warehouses.PI.1 1.PI.3034.ED.00. 1. ‘Work instruction for single-line drawing’ .50003 (A0) ‘Job specification for Steam tracing’ .PI.JSP.
1.4 References
This Practice makes reference to the following documents: ‘Job specification for layout and spacing’ ‘Technical specification for sewer e underground piping networks’ .DCR. etc.00.ED. A criteria that is often used for subdivision is functional homogeneity.ED. workshops.

Exceptions are the sewer system sea cooling water.Stress analysis and support of piping. The aboveground piping layout shall have a simple and well-organized arrangement. . . The following activities are developed at the same time as the piping layout activities: . . cost-effectiveness. in orderly bundles on appropriate support structures.3D model. either singly or combined: . This is achieved in two phases: .2
ACTIVITIES TO BE PERFORMED
The purpose of the work is to process the production of the documents needed for piping prefabrication and erection as well as of the relevant bill of materials. as far as possible.DCR. where only the erection drawings are available. Normally it is developed using the following operating methods. 2.
.50001 ‘Technical Specification for sewer e underground piping network’.Single-line drawings of structures and auxiliary steel structures. .1.00. potable water and fire-fighting pipes which are installed below the Plant grade level. which are called piperacks.1 Piping layout
This activity consists to define the layout of the piping present on the Plant. functionality and accessibility and dealt (see Paragraph 3).Nozzles orientation and foundations aboveground profile.definition of the piping layout.production of the documents (isometrics and erection drawings) and of the material take-offs. moreover suitable access for operability and maintenance and economic supports shall be provided (see Figure 2. Plant process and utilities pipes are installed aboveground.1). gathering them. The performance of this activity involves the solution of problems that are jointed to constraints as safety.ED. the network configuration shall be in according to Mechanized P&I diagrams. Studies on paper are generally utilized for the revamping of existing Plants.Studies on paper. For the design of these type of pipes see 3034. or for the interconnecting or Off-site areas.PI. Normally.

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In Figure 2.1/2/3 examples of the criteria for the partition of the isometric in prefabrication and erection.
Figure 2. with the erection drawings.2.2
Isometrics
Isometrics are piping drawings by line. They are essential for shop prefabrication and.2.2. for the assembly on site.1 Example of Isometric drawing
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2.2 Example of Isometric drawing
.Figure 2.

2.3 Example of Isometric drawing
2. with plan.Figure 2. with the isometrics.
. They provide. They are prepared by area.3
Erection Drawings
Erection drawings are piping drawings. the necessary indications for erection on site of piping and supports. elevation or isometric views of all the Plant areas in which aboveground piping is present.

painting. . Normally.1. accessibility for operation and maintenance. Distances between centres 'L' of two side by uncoated pipes side by side shall have as a minimum the distance given by the following formula: L(mm) = DF + Dt 2 + 25
Where: DF (mm) = external diameter of the flange of greater ND or rating piping. and functionality. when more than one level is needed. 3.2).1.
. This distribution is necessary in order to allow branch off from the top or the bottom.1. with particularly attention to positioning.1. and the utilization of the same cross beam for the greatest possible number of branch. pipes are distributed as follows: . Dt (mm) = external diameter of the piping with a smaller ND Table 3. as required (see Paragraph 3.process piping: lower and intermediate level.1 Piperacks
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For installation of pipes on piperack see 00-GA-E-00060898 ‘Work instruction for singleline drawing’. Space is necessary in order to allow the operations following installation. 3. etc. such as: tightening of the coupling flanges.3
PIPING INSTALLATION
This Section gives the criteria for the installation of piping connected to equipment components of the Plant.1.a/b gives the distance between centers 'L' that shall be normally respected between uncoated piping with a rating of 150#÷900#.1 Distances between centers of pipes
The pipes are installed on the pipe racks providing sufficient space between them.service piping: upper level. joint welding. insulation.offs.

This configuration is necessary for the following reasons: .3 Positioning
Large diameter lines [ND > 12" (300 mm)] shall be positioned as close as possible to the stanchion of piperack in order to reduce the stresses of the support beams (see Figure 3. with lines with ND ≤1-1/2" (40 mm). 3. pipes with ND < 2" (50 mm) are required they should be grouped in bundles with a single support for each bundle.Pressure drops. so the risks deriving from stagnation of the product in piping (corrosion.1). This allows self-drainage. or at 45° in the direction of the flow for lines with ND ≥ 2" (50 mm). shall be positioned in the upper part in order to avoid plugging due to dirt. in the case of lines conveying gas or steam. due to pulsations on the couplings.3. The branch pipes from the cooling water header. shall be limited. due to the low pressure inside the line. as far as possible. This eliminates the possibility of circulation of the related condensates that can cause erosion phenomena not taken into account when selecting the material for the fluid in question. The connection of the discharge piping to the blow-down headers shall be positioned in the upper part. . The minimum ND allowed for the piping positioned on piperacks is 1" (25mm).
.The stresses.1. hammering.1.3. . for process or stress reasons. in the case of lines conveying liquids. and shall be made at 90°.In the upper part. which would prevent the water from flowing to the concerned equipment. for lines with ND ≤1-1/2" (40 mm).2
Branch Pipes
Generally the header branch pipes are positioned: . If.) shall be avoided.In the lower part.1. etc. shall be reduced as far as possible.

utility stations. if possible. which generally require loops. etc.1. pneumatic actuators. In the case of lines with a ND > 6" (150mm). Every 30 m approximately. shall be positioned between the piperack stanchions. instrument air. cooling water. control valves. a span under the piperack shall be left free from pipes.2 Example of subheaders to recovery discharge lines
. nitrogen) in order to permit the cleaning and blowing of the lines.3. manual drains with ND ≤ 2” to discharge on the blow down header..2). the above is achieved by utilizing an eccentric reducer and a flange/ blind flange joining with ND of 6". The control groups provided on large diameter lines [ND > 12" (300mm)] or with special control valves. etc.A1
It is good to provide a flange/blind flange at the end of the distribution headers of utilities (steam. if possible. The internal side of the columns shall be left free. Outgoing downward pipes (for control groups. The steam and condensate headers. panels.) shall be positioned.
Figure 3. For drain and vents of pumps. shall be positioned so that the loop develops mainly inside the piperack. along the piperack stanchions in order to make easier their support. avoiding interferences. to allow the installation of junction boxes for instrument multicables. They shall be orientated towards the outside of the piperack leaving a clearance between the pipe surface and the edge of the column of 350 mm.3. etc. machines and equipment in order to allow the passage of maintenance means.1. it’s better to provide a 2” subheaders to recovery them (max five or six of lines) ( see Figure 3. levels.

In case of piping conveying steam. o 100 mm. regardless of their diameter. when there are changes of elevation and/or direction the following should be provided: . for both process and service purposes. 3. with the exception that all the pipes. In case of large diameter pipes.2. o 100 mm for lines with ND ≤1-1/2" (40 mm) and Temp ≥483°C. In any case these precautions shall be in agreement with PRC.g. the distances between centres of pipes with a ND ≥ 30" (750 mm) is calculated considering the possibility to access between them (about 300 mm of clearance).3.1.4
Elevations
The pipe bottom elevation for insulated lines shall be calculated taking into account the presence of support shoes which are normally: . If this is impracticable.hot insulated lines: o 60 mm. For economical reasons.2 Pipeways
Pipeways are generally intended as the corridors where the aboveground piping will run.cold insulated lines: 150 mm. to connect the off-site areas and the process plants and utilities where there are no elevation constraints.1.1. etc.
. 3. . for lines with ND ≤ 1-1/2" (40 mm) and Temp ≤ 482°C. . the pipe bottom elevation shall be established in according with Table 3. For line in RTR o PVC. supported on sleepers.: tracing. traps. in order to avoid pockets. The criteria for the installation of piping on pipeways are the same as those described in chapter 3. for lines with ND ≥ 2" (50 mm).1.1 Elevations
The pipes shall be installed with a pipe bottom elevation of 400 mm.4) is 1-1/2" (40 mm). On pipeways. the blow down headers shall have a minimum slope towards the KO Drums of 1:500.2. shall be installed at the same elevation and that the minimum ND (see Paragraph 3. For the reasons given in point 3.piping with ND ≤ 4" (100mm) : 2 90° elbows. This elevation is to be maintained for all process and utility lines.3. In any case the elevations shall be checked with the table of thicknesses shown on the insulation specifications issued by SPRIV and with the Supports Standards.) to avoid stagnant liquid in the headers.1. etc the elevation of bottom of pipe shall be calculated taking into account the presence of support shoes which are normally 100mm. all the necessary precautions shall be taken (e.1. it is necessary to verify that there isn’t any interferences between lines.piping with ND ≥ 6"(150mm) : 1 90° elbow and 1 45° elbow.

Any loops required for stress reasons on steam lines shall be developed so as to avoid any negative pockets.2. The various service walkways and relevant connecting ladders shall be installed in the opposite part (see Figure 3. see typical example in Figure 3. . be grouped and orientated towards the piperack.1 Minimum pipe bottom elevations for lines conveying steam
This minimum elevation is required to permit the installation (in the lower part of the pipes) of condensate recovery and drain pockets.In the upper part.3.
.1). so as to avoid any possibility of hammering due to the presence of the liquid along sections of the line (see Figure 3.In the lower part of the header in the case of connecting lines to/from column nozzles positioned at a lower elevation respect to the main pipe. For execution of fire fighting piping.3 Columns
The layout of pipes that branch off from the piperack for connection to the columns shall be made avoiding pockets. 3. Downcoming pipes shall. These pockets shall be installed at different distance from the ground (in function of the line’s ND) as to permit operation and the relevant maintenance.Line ND Elevation(mm)
≤ 10" 400
12"÷ 20" 600
≥ 20" 650
Table 3.1. whenever possible.2.3. The branches from main pipes (or headers) shall be therefore located: .3. in the case of lines to/from column nozzles positioned at a higher elevation respect to the main pipe.1).

1 Example of column general arrangement
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Figure 3.

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When insulation of the column and/or pipes is required. If it’s impossible to maintain the distance of 350 mm.3.
Pipe size (inch) 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
A MIN 309 339 371 493 547 597 659 782 834 947 1002 1059 1111 MAX 354 427 466 569 663 735 851 924 979 1092 1162 1279 1357
Figure 3. if possible.3. this space shall be minimum 100 mm between the insulating material.3 Distance between column and pipes
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Flanged valves shall be installed.
. it should be provided a minimum/maximum distance as shown in the table in Figure 3.3. This space is needed to insert guides and any other supports required. directly connected to the related nozzles in order to reduce the sources of possible leakage that could result from a large number of flanged joints.A minimum clearance of 350 mm shall be left between the pipes and the column.

4 3.At the lowest possible elevation. In this case. this is not always practicable. it is necessary to inform the Department in order to make the required verifications.
. . An example of vertical vessel arrangement is shown in Figure 3. Columns shall be applied. by means of walkways and vertical ladders. If the relocations involve nozzles placed under constraint by PRC.Columns shall be applied including.2.2.Directly above the line if release to the atmosphere is required.3. it’s better to group the nozzles for which a connection are to be made. the instructions defined in Paragraph 3.4.2 Horizontal Vessels
For the installation of piping on horizontal vessels.2. compatibly with the header elevation (towards which they shall self-drain) if discharge to blow-down is required. for an economic and operating standpoint.4. 3. All the valves and pressure/temperature instruments on the piping installed around a column shall be easily accessible.In order to optimise.Gate valves installed on horizontal sections of piping are preferably orientated with their stem in a horizontal position. if applicable. nozzles can be relocated following the next constraints of functionality: a) The product inlet nozzle shall be positioned as far as possible from the outlet nozzle. 3. For execution of fire fighting piping see typical example in Figure 3.2. the following points: .4.2.In general. the line route shall be verified by PRC in order to check pressure drops. so as to avoid blocking of the plugs.6.4. . An example of horizontal vessel arrangement is shown in Figure 3. the instructions defined in Paragraph 3. b) The levels shall preferably be positioned in a calm zone and therefore far from the zone of turbulence created by the product inlet. However. the routing of the associated piping. For execution of fire fighting piping see typical example in Figure 3.4. Safety valves installed on the piping of vapour lines shall be positioned: . .1 Vessels and Reactors Vertical Vessels
For the installation of piping on vertical vessels. To obtain this configuration it is normally necessary to relocate one or more of the equipment nozzles in according to APRES Department. for operability and maintenance.

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5. in a single manifold. Piping connected to nozzles for tank bottom drainage shall be positioned taking into account the necessity to optimise the route of the buried drain pipes and to have the valves within easy reach of the inlet/outlet manifold.2. If it isn’t. Fire-fighting piping. stanchions. Columns shall be applied including. if applicable the following points: .3. For execution of fire fighting piping see typical example in Figure 3. whose height exceeds that of the tank suction nozzles. etc.
.When a removable flanged elbow is required on the reactor head line. it is necessary to avoid direct connections between the tanks and the pipe-way (direct connection doesn’t guarantee the flexibility required to solve stress problems of the lines and problem due to settlement of foundation). Piping connected to inlet/outlet nozzles for product to/from tanks shall be grouped.5 Storage Tanks . The distance between centres of manifold pipes shall be sufficient to allow access for assembly and maintenance of the valves.3. conveying mixtures of water and foam liquid. to avoid positive pockets on the line which will affect the operation of the pump and prevent the total emptying of the tank. as far as possible. it is necessary to check with APRES this elbow is included in the reactor supply. shall be installed inside the basin at ground level. the instruction defined in Paragraph 3. The concerning nozzles must therefore be offset. This is to limit. the damage causes to piping in the event of fire.4. in respect of the corresponding joint point on the pipe-way.5. The relevant valves shall be positioned on both sides of the operating walkway. in order to allow an elastic connection for typical arrangement. for catalytic loading purposes. which shall be provided close to the foot of the spiral stairway.1/2). Suction piping from tanks shall be installed at the minimum elevation. the piping shall be designed so as to provide the elbow and the flanged joint. It is therefore necessary to avoid the use of piperacks.. as far as possible. if possible on sleepers or in trenches (see Figure 3.Atmospheric and/or Low Pressure
When installing the piping for tanks.3
Reactors
For the installation of piping for reactors. 3.

The inlet/outlet piping to products to/from vessels shall be grouped. The relevant discharge. as far as possible. This piping shall be adequately supported considering expansion.: drain connections on vessels) an acceptable solution from the point of view of safety and operability shall be chosen in according to PRC Department. only piping that is directly connected to the associated vessels shall be installed in the area assigned for high pressure storage.4. It will be used both for filling.
. Normally. from which can come out inflammable vapours. It shall be positioned after the first block valve in the section orientated towards the manifold.6. A drain shall be provided on the suction and discharge piping.g. contraction. emptying and drainage. and vibrations requirements. (see detail "X". work areas.6
High Pressure Storage Vessels
For safety reasons. etc.6. shall be positioned outside the protection wall. In the case of particular projects requirements (e.6.1). this shall be connected to the top of the vessel (see Figure 3. For the methods of execution of process piping assembly. connection to vessels shall be made by means of a single line positioned on the bottom of the tanks.6. for safety reasons. Figure 3. threaded connections shall not be utilized and the number of flanged connections shall be kept to a minimum. for particular operating conditions. in a single manifold which. see the typical examples illustrated in Figures 3.3.2). a return vapour line is required by PRC. In order to reduce as much as possible the risk of leaks.3. for execution of fire fighting piping see the typical example illustrated in Figure 3. When. shall be located in a safe position far from roads. no expansion joints shall be installed on the piping.

. This is to prevent that any direct connections could damage the exchanger. The cooling water inlet/outlet piping.g. the temperature tapping shall be orientated on the free side of piping in order to allow removal of the thermocouple and/or thermometer (this operation requires a free space of 600 mm min. especially for the nozzles on the tube side. which are generally located on the exchanger nozzles.: hook of hoist installed on a monorail) and so as to have sufficient space for access to the exchanger shell during disassembly for maintenance. Pressure and temperature taps.7. The stand pipe of level instruments on reboilers (kettles) shall be orientated so that the relevant instruments can easily be read by the Operator when positioned close to the relevant control valves (LCV). which headers are buried or positioned on the opposite end of the fixed saddle of the exchanger. For execution of fire fighting piping see the typical example illustrated in Figure 3. Heat exchanger piping shall not be supported on the shell side and shall not obstructed the removal of the tube bundle and shell/channel covers. Piping shall not be located over the longitudinal centerline of an exchanger. shall be positioned taking into account the piping arrangement.7
Heat Exchangers
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The installation of piping for heat exchangers shall be made at the side of the exchangers leaving a minimum net clearance of 50 mm between the pipe edge and the heat exchangers (for insulated applications the 50 mm clearance shall be applied to the outside of the insulation).).3.7.2) If shell’s removal is required. shall be installed so as to provide a sufficiently flexible route to allow the absorption of piping expansion. This is to avoid interference with the lifting equipment (e.1/2/3 shows some typical installations of piping to exchangers.3. A removable pipe spool shall be required (see Figure 3. Figure 3.3. all piping connected to the upper nozzle of the exchanger shall be supported and flanged in order to allow removal.

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2 Example of exchanger general arrangement
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Figure 3.7.

Figure 3.3 Example of exchanger general arrangement
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a drain (to be indicated on P&I D. in order to permit disassembly. the suction line shall always be as short as possible and the eccentric reducer. the relevant shut-off valve shall be positioned so that the elevation of the stem centerline is at a minimum elevation of 1800 mm from ground (or working floor) in order to allow access to the pump.. In case of the piping class of the line doesn’t allow the use of flanged valves. avoiding fixed supports to the ground or structures. shall be installed providing a sufficiently flexible layout to allow the absorption of expansion and to avoid damage to the pump. vacuum residue. In this case the space is achieved by providing an offset on the discharge piping. before inserting the flanged spool. This space shall be. delivery and auxiliary piping of the pumps shall be installed in such a way as to leave sufficient space for the access of the personnel and lifting equipment needed during maintenance operations.1). In the case of centrifugal pumps with top-top nozzles and with vertical pipe assembly. 1000 mm (see Figure 3. Main pumps (defined by PRC) suction piping layout and routing with overall dimensions shall be sent to PRC to check the pressure losses. etc. that possible leakages can be a lee shore. If this elevation was exceeded (e.8. for clearance reasons. connecting the valve directly to the pump nozzle should be avoided by means of if possible a removable flanged spool. even small ones. In the case of temporary strainers the section of piping shall be designed so that it can be easily removed (flanged). it necessary to check. must not exceed 2000 mm from ground (or working floor) and in case of valves located above this height.g.). When installing the pump piping it is necessary to take into consideration the necessity of periodical maintenance of the hydraulic part and its possible removal. to ensure a greater spacing for the piping and valves than that provided for the nozzles.8
Pumps
Suction. Permanent type strainers ("Y" or "T" types) with ND ≥ 2" (50 mm) shall be installed.8. shall be oriented with the flat part upwards.: due to the elevation of the nozzle of large pumps) the valves shall be positioned at the minimum possible elevation (see Figure 3. if required. which diameter is smaller than that of the suction piping (see Figure 3. on horizontal sections of pipe and orientated with the removal flange turned downwards to facilitate cleaning and removal of the strainer mesh. the valves shall be operated by chain operated handwheels (see Paragraph 4. Piping for pumps conveying very hot fluids such as atmospheric distillation column bottoms. if possible. Therefore. which could impair pump operation.1). the maximum operating height of a block valve used for plant operation. in order to check the route and stresses. It is advisable to subject the layout of these pipes to STRESS. and on the relevant assembly drawing) shall be provided on the flange. an inclined installation is permissible to a maximum of 45° from the bottom upwards Moreover. and will be permanent or temporary type. The type of strainer is defined in the relevant P&I D. it is sometimes necessary. In the case of vertical installation of suction and discharge pipes.
. before the 1st Material Take-Off. If there is not sufficient space under the strainer for such installation. at least. A strainer shall always be installed on all the suction lines.1). Regardness of the type of assembly. between the block valve (gate valve) and the pump nozzle. sufficient space shall be left above each pump for removal of the electric motor. and horizontally installed.8. Moreover.1.3. In order to avoid the formation of gas/vapour pockets.

. etc. the connection lines to the nozzles should be arranged so as to assure an equal distribution of the fluid. In this case it should be verified that the nozzle of the equipment is positioned at least at this elevation. it is necessary to change the height of the supporting skirt.It is necessary to reduce the elevation of the block valve (see Paragraph.The type of valve offers greater operating guarantees when is installed horizontally. This valve shall be installed at the highest point of the line and as close as possible to the suction equipment or to the blow-down header in order to avoid columns of liquid in the line which would cause vibrations during products’ discharge and conseguently damage to the line and leakage of the fluid. especially if they have a large discharge (e. When. the assembly should be made in order to this requirement in mind. in according with PRC and MAPAF Department. If the nozzle is found to be at a lower elevation. on the hydraulic side. For the elevation of pump suction piping from tanks see 00-GA-E-00060897 ‘Working Instruction for Foundation’. In case of pumps with double suction.: large cooling water circulation pumps) to avoid problems of pump cavitation. can be provided either in a vertical position.A straight section of pipe shall be provided on suction lines of pumps. 3. a suitable slope should also be provided. In case of pumps conveying liquid gas (LPG. etc.4.) suitable vents should be provided on the suction lines with long horizontal sections. . Therefore. The check valve. drains. or the height of the baseplate. it should be checked with MAPAF if it is necessary to insert a vortex breaker (cross type) or a baffle. or in a horizontal position. oily discharges. For this purpose..8. The length of this straight section is defined by MAPAF and by the pump Vendor. A pressure gauge shall be connected to the discharge piping. drainages from piping.1) for lines with a ND ≥ 8" (200 mm) otherwise a pipe spool must be inserted. so as to avoid gas pockets and the consequently and that could result in a malfunctioning of the pump.8. for reasons of space. water from the frame gutter. A check valve shall be installed on the closed drain piping coming from the lines and from body of pumps treating hazardous fluids when the vents and/or drains cannot be discharged into the atmosphere but have to be conveyed to a collection vessel or into the blow-down header. This connection can be made directly onto a reducer (see Figure 3. in a horizontal section between the nozzle and the check valve. In it the following product will discharge: leakages. In Units. Drain funnels shall be provided in front of the pump baseplate. cooling water from the bearings (if it has not been recovered). this route shall be maintained at a minimum elevation of 3000 mm from the ground to allow the passage of personnel and equipment. moving the piping outside the pump baseplate section. with the flow upwards. a 90° elbow is directly connected to the suction nozzle connection flange. If the check valve is installed in a horizontal position it is also necessary to consider the necessity to leave sufficient space around the pump for access during maintenance. if possible. the formation of pockets shall be avoided to prevent the emptying of the tanks and the unefficiently of the pumps. using the appropriate piping assembly drawing.g. The last solution is adopted when: . that is normally installed on the discharge lines. in order to avoid "pre-rotation" of the fluid.).

. quench steam. the installation of the piping should be made on the side of the pump.8. Figure 3.8. For execution of fire fighting piping see the typical example illustrated in Figure 3.2/3 shows some typical installations of piping to pumps. leaving free space around the same for maintenance and assembly. Vent lines connected to blow-down shall be joined into upper section of the header in order to avoid the possibility that liquids present in the header should drain into the vent lines.
. while the operational valves shall be installed close to the pump. etc.4. flushing. The primary valves shall be installed near the headers. The last are normally supplied together with the pump.When auxiliary lines are required for the cooling water.

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Figure 3.1 Typical pump general arrangement
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3 Example of suction pump piping
.Figure 3.8.

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Cooling water for cylinder jackets. the operation valves of the machines shall be aligned on a single bank which.9. . the compressor drawings. For execution of fire fighting piping see the typical example illustrated in Figure 3. If the shelter is an enclosed one. The suction pipes of each compressor shall be as short as possible in order to avoid the formation of condensate. . In case of alternative compressors it is necessary to prepare. The recycle valve shall be installed on the working floor (machine operating floor) without creating pockets in the piping. a walkway can be installed outside the support columns. the suction vessel (or surge drum) shall be located.a/b. shall be installed outside the shelter. A typical arrangement of piping around the centrifugal/alternative compressors is shown on Figure 3. .Cooling water for packing.4.) an easy action of Operators.2. such as: . generally next to the compressor room. which shall be located such that it can be viewed while the valves are in operation. Any gas vents.Steam for auxiliaries (lubricating and seal oil) turbines.Seal oil system. shall be oriented towards the units. Suction and discharge piping shall be installed at the lowest possible elevation so as to leave the machine as free and accessible as possible. In order to obtain this space without increasing the span of the shelter. The supports of piping should not be directly connected to centrifugal compressor baseplates. For the same reason piping connected to alternative compressors should not be supported by support structure. if necessary. Pipes are therefore connected to the machine with a slope towards the separators. if required. All the main valves shall be installed at an height that allow easy operability (Paragraph .1. The alignment shall be made adjacent. During designing the piping. specification and. Check. this valve will be installed on an external platform (at working floor elevation) due to its high noise level. or even just outside the walkway. the necessity of connection to utilities.9
Compressors
In a compressor room. . whenever possible. in order to avoid possible fracture due to vibration. .Cooling water for lubrication system. close to the machine.9. so as to leave sufficient space between the valves and the machines for the passage of personnel.
.3.Balance gas. with MAPAF. as far as possible. . provided with valves that discharge into the atmosphere.1. in cooperation with MAPAF and PRC. the documentation that is to be sent to the Vendor for the check of the system by means of an analog calculation (activities to be performed within times and schedules to be defined and agreed with job management).Buffer gas. space shall be left for a compressor local panel board. Therefore.

and a "Y" or “T” type strainer. lubricating and seal oil equipment recommended by the Manufacturer shall be followed.1). Check on the turbine specifications the necessity of connections to the lubricating oil cooling water systems.Outside the shelter.10.). remember that they shall be installed below the turbine body to prevent the accumulation of condensate inside it. The pipes shall normally be installed under this floor. If no condensate recovery system is provided. If the condenser is a close coupled unit with the turbine (without an intermediate expansion joint) the water and other connecting piping shall have sufficient flexibility to absorb thermal expansion. The operating floor of a turbine with a condenser shall be left free from piping.3.10
Steam Turbines
The layout of the steam inlet and discharge piping connected to steam turbines shall be sufficiently flexible to allow the absorption of expansion. shall be located as close as possible to the turbine inlet (see Figure 3.Above the piperack. The discharge to atmosphere shall be a minimum distance of 3 m (in elevation) above the highest service platform located within a radius of 15 m. the safety valve (if required) shall be installed in a position that allows easy access for maintenance (see Figure 3. On the steam inlet piping. The steam trap groups shall be arranged along the baseplate of the turbine in order to not obstruct access.8. On the steam discharge piping. and shall rise to the height of nozzle groups.
. if the turbine is in a closed area. to avoid subjecting the turbines to higher stresses than the allowable ones. if the turbine is positioned under the piperack. if required. The discharge pipe of safety valve shall extent to a safe area. The cooling water pipes to/from the condenser shall be installed leaving the front of the condenser free. The elevations of vacuum ejectors. particularly: . the condensate will be discharged to sewer.1). with the provision of a condensate drip pot in the line so as to avoid condensate entrainment in the turbine. so as to permit opening of the cover and to facilitate maintenance operations. .10. the relevant valves shall be installed as close as possible to the turbine. through one of the drain funnels provided for pumps ( see Paragraph 3.

10.1 Example of pump general arrangement
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Figure 3.

atomising steam) to burners are generally installed vertically and grouped in a bank. a branch from the fuel gas header shall be provided downstream of the pressure control valve. b) The convection section (if required). The snuffing steam headers. showing a single burner feed unit only (see Figure 3. The distance between centres of the operation valves for utilities to burners shall be sufficient to enable disassemble of a valve and to operate freely the handwheels or lever. 752 The steam from point c) is conveyed through an independent header. Check on heater specification. for which branch take-offs to the connections provided on the heaters’ wall. for example.11. as typical. close to the heater. access and explosion doors. In any case the sequences given on the relevant P&I D.11. the groups of control valves should be gathered in a single zone. if any. c) The header boxes (if provided). When installing snuffing steam piping. both for process and utilities. The operation valves for utilities to burners shall be located along the heater wall and operated from a walkway which shall be wide enough to allow a free passage (a minimum of 1000 mm of net clearance shall be left between the rail and the valve handwheel). three headers shall be provided for the snuffing steam.
. except in emergencies. The steam for points a) and b) is conveyed by a single header. It shall be positioned just after the fuel gas header branch pipe. along the heater walls. indicating the position of all the others axially only. the necessity of a connection of pilot to the burner network. In a case of a cabin heater that is provided with headers on both ends. The group shut-off valves for the inlet to snuffing steam shall be located at a distance of at least 15 m (both for safety and quick Operator action reasons) from the heater. shall be respected. these headers are always out of service and therefore empty.3.1). A valve having the same function shall also be installed on the pipe conveying the pilot gas. remember that this steam is normally introduced into: a) The radiant section (about 300/400 mm from the base slab). This is to allow for a single support on the heater structure (see Figure 3. leave free spaces all around the heater in front of sight. If the Unit contains several heaters it is preferable to group all the snuffing steam connections in a single manifold. The utilities headers (oil and/or fuel gas. preferably in the direction of the control room. the inlet control valves and the related branches shall not be insulated because.11
Heaters
When installing piping. The piping layout shall be developed. Also the product control valves. Moreover the box door could be opened the heaters that have headers. one on each side of the heater that is equipped with headers.1). If this connection is required. For utilities heaters. shall be located in the same zone in order to gather the instrumentation and controls to facilitate the work of Operators.

soot blowers normally require: .An instrument air line. to collect the condensate. In addition to steam. The valves shall be installed on the platform of the blowers.a/b and Figure 3. the product inlet/oulet pipes shall be installed grouped with the decoking lines (checking any problems related to stress analysis). . located as close as possible to the branch): one serves as a subheader for the distribution to the blowers and the other for feeding the panel board. on which two branch pipes shall be provided (each supplied with shut-off valves. A flanged elbow shall be provided on the heater nozzles and designed such that by simply rotating the elbow.3 a/b/c
. making sure that the pipe section upstream ensures selfdraining towards the main header. The control valve shall be installed at the highest point.A1
Piping associated to this unit has to be developed to a maximum detail.11.11.2. needed for the pneumatic feeding of the panel (usually positioned on the ground). The distribution sub-header branches off from the main steam header and shall be installed with a slope of 1: 500 towards the end point where a drip leg shall be provided. When a decoking system is provided. because a single mistake will affect the arrangement drawings and the material lists for all the other heater burners.A utility air line. A typical arrangement of piping around cylindrical and box heaters is shown on Figure 3. it is possible to connect both the product lines to the decoking system when required. The feed lines to the blowers shall branch off from the top of the distribution sub-header. The steam feeding piping to the soot blowers are installed by providing a distribution subheader with various feed lines (one for each blower). with the appropriate trap.

For execution of fire fighting piping on land road loading arms.
Figure 3.1.12. except the general principle of providing sufficient space for the manoeuvring and access required for service and maintenance. There is no particular limitation for the installation of piping. in Figure 3.12.2. Some typical sketches of piping installation are given.3. see Figure 3.12
Loading Arms
Loading arms are the item of equipment/machine that allows loading or unloading of the product to the various treatment phases from the storage area to transportation on land road.1 Typical sketch of piping installation on gantry for land road loading arms
. as an example.12.

3.
.). etc. The length. Moreover. tube bundles. sufficient clearance shall be left for disassembly of the bundles. route and support of the lines connecting between the main header and the cooler nozzles shall be checked with STRESS. and don’t obstruct the upper part of the air cooler (avoid passing over bundles.13
Air Coolers
Unless otherwise indicated. Figure 3.1 shows a typical sketch of piping installation. etc.13. the inlet/outlet manifolds shall be installed vertically so that the lines are selfdraining.) and allow the disassembly of the various components (hoods.

.

. Figures 4. various installation criteria can be followed.Valves with ND ≥ 2" (50 mm): the handwheels are provided with a chain. To avoid stagnation of liquid in the lines. The exception to this rule is blow-down lines for which the optimal installation of valves is a valve mounted vertically with the handwheel downwards.4
PIPING COMPONENT INSTALLATION
This section gives instructions for the installation of piping components (valves. In this case the valves will be orientated so that the chain is not in the way.1. easy identification for the relevant Material Take-Off. from the beginning. or by means of portable ladders. Operating valves will not be installed on piperack except when they are located at battery limit. etc.g.1/2 show the recommended installation ranges. When a group of valves are operated from a platform. the installation of valves provided with chains shall be avoided as much as possible in order to not be in the way and preference shall be given to alternative solutions (e. where a service walkway is normally provided.: changing the piping route). valves will be oriented with the handwheel upwards. If this value is exceeded. and accessibility for operation and maintenance. The optimal range for installation goes from a valve with a vertical stem (handwheel upwards) to a valve with a horizontal stem. functionality.Valves with ND ≤ 1-1/2" (40 mm): the valves will be made operable by positioning them close to stairs or ladders. block valves (root valves) provided on the branches from header will be installed.) that have particular positioning requirements to assure safety. To assure handwheel manoeuvrability. traps. The inclination is defined considering that both the handwheel and the stem shall not obstruct access ways and platforms. 4. sample connections.1 Manually actuated operation/shut-off valves
The operation/stut-off valves shall be installed so as to assure easy access for operation and maintenance. In order to avoid possible product leaks and to assure correct functionality. providing appropriate extensions for any valves whose handwheels are not accessible. Valves provided with a chain or extension will be identified on piping layout in order to allow. valves with a horizontal stem axis will have a maximum elevation of 2200 mm and the handwheel bottom is not more than 2 m above the ground or platform level. In areas where personnel access is foreseen. hoses. orifice flanges. if available. . This is to avoid possible plugging of the line due to breakage of internal parts of the valves. Valves with a ND of 1-1/2" (40 mm) or smaller may also be operated using a ladder. as far as possible. considering that the valves shall be reached from the ground level or platform. the last shall be at an elevation that permits access to the handwheels of the large diameter valves (therefore higher). immediately downstream of the branch so that they can be actuated from walkways close to the piperack or from portable ladders. such as: . The chain shall reach up to 1 m from the ground or platform level.

REFERENCE LEVEL OF HANDWHEEL CENTER
VALVE OPERATION
NORMAL SERVICE
EMERGENCY
SHUT-OFF
YES FOR LITTLE VALVES NO FOR BIG VALVES POSSIBLE INSTALLATION IF VALVES’ STEM IS PROTECTED BY STRUCTURE OR PIPE
NO GOOD RANGE
IDEAL RANGE
GOOD RANGE
YES FOR LITTLE VALVES NO FOR BIG VALVES
Figure 4.1.2 Valves with horizontal stem
.

purges.5 Minimum distance between branch and valve
When on piping class is required a butterfly valve wafer type and on P&ID Diagram there is required a spectacle blind near the butterfly valve. and it is sufficient to assure the possibility of access by means of portable ladders or temporary scaffolding (check with PRC which valves fall within this category).In case of valves that are rarely operated (e.1.g.: vents.g.1.6).
Ø (inch) ≤4” 6÷10 ≥12”
A (mm) 300 400 500 Figure 4.5). it’s necessary to provide a spool piece between the valves (see Figure 4. etc. when valves are used at termination points (e. When on P&ID Diagram we find two ball valves connected directly in this case for maintenance and dismantly of the valve.1.) they will be provided with blind flanges or plugs. it’s necessary to provide a separate companion flange for operability of spectacle blind (see Figure 4. drains. In order to not influence their functionality.
.: only for unit shutdown) permanent accessibility is not required.

not only according to the pipe route optimization requirements. the vertical installation involves the verification of the inside pressure ( a low pressure cannot open the valve clapper.6). This group. especially when RJ type flanges are used. in addition to the control valve.8. includes: .Prefer installations with the control valve installed on the lower part (which is more accessible). .The by-pass with the relevant valve. check valves will preferably be installed horizontally.1.Prefer installations with minimum overall dimensions. provided on the high pressure lines of Urea units. . In fact the type of drop check valves.All the components (pipes. 4. flanges. Check valves can be installed vertically in the case of ND ≤ 6" (150 mm) provided that the flow is directed upwards. For valves with a ND ≥ 8" (200 mm).The shut-off valves of the control valve. etc.
. while valves with a lamellar flow (e. installation with the control valve in line between two shut-off valves. elbows.3.Avoid. Installation in a horizontal or in a vertical position is determined.2
Check Valves
Except in the cases envisaged in Paragraph 3. . .g. In all cases the following should be remembered: . it’s necessary to provide a separate companion flange for operability of spectacle blind (see Figure 4.1. with an upward flow. can operate only if they are installed in a vertical position.Drains with the relevant valves. Figure 4.: Hoerbiger) operate better if they are installed in a horizontal position. When on piping class is required a check valve wafer dual plate type and on P&ID Diagram a spectacle blind near the check valve is required.) necessary for the connection. .Figure 4.3 Control Valves
Normally control valves are installed within a group called control valve set. but also on the type of valve construction.1 shows some possible installations of control valve sets as well as different solutions for the arrangement of the relevant valves.6 Example of arrangement for butterfly valve
4.

shall be those specified on the relevant P&I D. Check in any case with SMAUT.The control valve sets are installed on a line considering that: a) All control valve sets shall preferably be located on the ground floor so as to make access and control easier for Operators. that are part of an interacting instrumentation system (e. This drain is used to empty the line after the hydraulic test and to depressurise the line whenever it is necessary to disassemble the valve while the unit is in operation. The control valve sets will be installed. upstream and downstream of the control valve. sides of equipment.It is preferible to install eccentric reducers. In some cases (e. .In addition to what is stated in point b).It is necessary to provide. in this case the loads bearing on the platforms shall be checked. . according to the line diameter. b) When the development of the piping layout makes installation on the ground uneconomic.Protect the control valve and the actuator.: heater combustion control system).Not interfere with the passage ways. This space is required to remove the bottom and actuator without disassembling the valve. also to facilitate maintenance work and the use of mobile lifting equipment. the control groups shall not be installed on columns platforms. Pipes connected to control valves shall be supported so as to stable in the event of valve dissasembly. . that a clearance of at least 300 mm is left from the bottom of the control valve. in order to: . etc.) the
. . . as far as possible. these are positioned between the flanges and the valve so that the smaller threaded end is inserted directly into the valve. as shown on the P&I D.The control valve sets. a clearance of at least 300 mm to permit disassembly of the actuator and of the support bonnet. on the basis of valve dimensions. manoeuvring areas and clearance for maintenance. more precisely between the first shut-off valve and the control valve. Normally.g. hand rails. two pair of flanges to allow disassembly of the valve when it has been supplied with threaded or socket-welding ends. This space shall be checked with SMAUT. In case of reduction nipples. injection valves. when they are required. except when there are elevation constraints (point b). . shall always be installed upstream of each control valve.. . pillars.A drain.The control valve shall always be positioned at a pipe bottom elevation of 500 mm. the control valve requires. the control group shall be positioned so as that the valves are easily accessible form the working floor (structure platforms or slabs). c) For load capacity reasons. above the actuator. in order to facilitate drainage of the line and to avoid the formation of deposits.g. or when PRC has set some constraints for the elevations. directly downstream and upstream of the control valve. .The handwheels of shut-off and by-pass valves will be orientated so as not to be in the way of access in front of them.The sizing of the shut-off and by-pass valves. angle control valve shall be installed with the product inlet in the opposite side to the plug.: steam desuperheater valves. close to walls. When installing valves in control valve sets it is necessary to consider that: . will be grouped in order to concentrate the area of control for Operators’ control and to reduce the lengths of the controls and connections between the various groups.

In this case: . a couple of flanges shall be inserted in one of the two horizontal pipes. if necessary.
. Control valves with a local level controller shall be installed so that the indicator instrument is clearly visible. For a typical arrangement for control valves see Figure 4. Three-way control valves shall be installed so that they can be easily removed. Ball. In the case of particular control valves (Mokveld. .) the orientation of the valve and of its accessories shall be defined with SMAUT.1.Check the position of the handwheel with SMAUT. Camflex.valves are installed with the inlet in the same side as the plug (laterally in relation to the cap).3.Orientate the valve so that the handwheel is easily accessible. after the elbow closest to the control valve. etc. In the case of control valves without control sets. a handwheel for manual operation is normally provided. In any case the type of installation required shall be checked with SMAUT. Insert.

.

1.‘Orientation of actuator’. In this table. right or left. 0°/90°/180°/270° as per Figure 4. see Table 4.
4. or ‘NO’ in the other cases. in the column of fireproofing shall fill out ‘YES’ for the valves for which the protection box shall be provided.1.‘Orientation of instrumentation. This is done by engaging in the preparation of the relevant Project Specification issued by SMAUT. orientation of instrumentation and orientation of actuator shall be checked in agreement with SMAUT Department.
.1.5.5
Actuated Valves with/without Fire Proofing Protection
For pneumatic actuated or motorized valve. The final dimensions of pneumatic actuator and motor.a/b.5.1.4
Motorized Valves
In case of motorized valves it is necessary to define the orientation of the stem and to notify this and other information (falling within piping scope) needed for purchasing to SMAUT.a/b.‘Flow direction’ . .4. moreover.a/b. SMAUT Department shall give the bill of actuated or motorized valves and. . it’s necessary to define: . during modelling the dimensions of pneumatic actuator or electric motor shall be considered. see Figure 4. 0°/90°/180°/270° as per Figure 4.5.5. flow direction.

in order to check the diameter of connecting pipe.1) shall be provided. TUB Department shall send the length of pipes between air storage vessel and actuator to SMAUT Department.6.
CAPACITY (Lt.6.4.1 Example of air storage vessel
.6
Actuated Valves with emergency air storage vessels
For some actuated valves.)
A
(mm)
B
(mm)
C
(mm)
D
(mm)
WEIGHT (N)
*
*
*
*
*
*
All information shown with * shall be defined by SMAUT Department Figure 4. an emergency air storage vessels (see Figure 4. The final position and of dimensions of air storage vessels shall be checked in agreement with SMAUT Department. its position shall be defined in agreement with SMAUT Department The dimensional drawing shall be defined by SMAUT Department.

or disassembly. Safety valves will be located as close as possible to the equipment or lines that they have to protect. Connection to the blow-down header shall be made from the top and have an inclination of 45° in the flow direction (see Paragraph 3. cranes. Valves will be accessible for fixed or mobile lifting equipment (hoists. for example. This valve shall discharge into the atmosphere in a safety location (see Figure 4. discharge into the header shall be from the top so as to create natural drainage. the installation methods. it is necessary to inform SMAUT and to send a sketch with the approximate dimensions of the line route to PRC which will check the necessity to increase the diameter of the inlet line to the safety valve in order to avoid malfunctioning of the valve due to pressure drops (see API RP 520). The terminal part of pipes discharging into the atmosphere shall be cut at 45°. or at 30 m in the case of inflammable products or in presence of naked flames (e. a ND 3/4” drain shall be provided and connected to the ground. the shut-off valves will be provided with an interlock system (mechanical or with keys) so as to have always a shut-off valve closed and the other one open (transflow type). In some cases. or in any case contaminated liquids.
. When the valve discharge is connected to a closed circuit (blow-down).). piperacks. In any case. etc. remaining trapped. Spring type valves will be installed with stem in vertical position. The pipe spool at the outlet of a safety valve that discharge process liquids. assembly should be designed to anchor the valve to a platform or structure.3).g.7. these will be installed with the handwheel horizontal or orientated downwards. To reduce as far as possible vibrations which can damage the piping. the relevant conditions and compliance with the requirements of the applicable Codes and Standards shall be checked with PRC.1).1. This valve shall be provided on each pipe length installed on pipeways.).7
Safety Valves
Safety valves will be installed so as to assure easy access for periodical checks. The pipe spool at the outlet of a safety valve. The layout of discharge piping from the safety valve to the blow-down header shall be sufficiently flexible to prevent excessive stress on the valve. a thermal expansion valve is generally provided on branch pipes from tanks that can be shut-off or between the inlet and outlet of an exchanger when both the lines are provided with block valves (see Figure 4.1).. Moreover.: heater burners. If necessary this discharge can be curved in order to direct the discharge away from any equipment and to send it in the right direction. when dual safety valves are provided (one spare to the other). etc. maintenance. a drain shall be provided between the shut-off valve and the safety valve. where there is the possibility that the product.1) Each pipe discharging into the atmosphere shall be provided with a drain hole (ø 10 mm) at the lowest point. In case of hazardous fluids. that discharge directly into the atmosphere shall be extended at least 3 m above the floor level of the highest platform or of the highest equipment located within a radius of 15 m. between two block valves. When shut-off valves are involved. at the liquid state. etc.7. Moreover. Install a thermal expansion relief valve (generally ND 3/4" x 1") in each circuit subject to heating which can be shut-off. monorails.4. shall be routed to the closest drain funnel (see Figure 4. When this is not possible (a distance of more than 3 m).7.

.

4.8

Orifice flanges and Annubars

When installing orifice flanges on piping, always leave sufficient straight lengths upstream and downstream of the orifice flanges to avoid flow turbolence which affects measuring efficiency. To identify the straight lengths upstream and downstream of a calibrated flange, it is necessary to follow the indication of table attached to the Project Typical Assemblies Specification (see also Standard ISO 5167). When installing an orifice flange it is necessary to have sufficient space to assemble (or disassemble) the connecting pipes to the instrument and to removing the disc. For the location and orientation of measurement connections in relation to the axis of a horizontal pipe, it is necessary to refer to Project Typical Assemblies Specification. An orifice flange can be installed in a vertical pipe, provided that an upward flow and the location is checked with SMAUT. Orifice flanges for flow rate control (FIC or FRC) shall be located as close as possible to the related control valve. Orifice flanges shall be accessible in the following ways: - From the ground: up to an elevation of 3600 mm; - From platform: when the elevation is over 3600 mm. In case of "Annubar" and "Pitot tubes" type instruments, the fittings for connection to the line (as well the coupling to be welded on the line) are supplied together with the instruments. Therefore, the types of connections and sizes should be specified with SMAUT. 4.9 Steam Traps

Steam traps are automatically operated components that allow the extraction of the liquid originated by condensation of the steam conveyed in the piping and/or equipment. The choice of type and characteristics of the users, the type of traps shall be in according with ‘Engineering standard for process design of steam traps’, IPS.E.PR.845; for the installation criteria see Figure 4.9.1. Steam traps are generally installed on the working floor (on the ground or on platforms), with a line branching off from the following piping/equipment: - Piping conveying steam: provide drip leg every 30 ÷ 40 m to be positioned preferably in the lowest points and/or at the terminal sections, as shown on the relevant distribution P&I D., for the installation of a connection line from the drip leg to the steam trap, see Figure 4.9.1; - Steam piping at the inlet/outlet of turbines and control sets: provide the steam traps in the low points before and after the control and shut-off valves. Figure 3.10.1 gives a sketch of a typical installation; - Equipment, machines, tanks: provide steam traps wherever this is shown on the P&I D's. A steam trap shall serve a single user (equipment or drip leg) and shall be installed to permit easy maintenance without having to shut-off the flow of the steam and condensate lines. The drip legs are sized on the basis of the typical detail and table shown on the Figure 4.9.1. The P&I D. also indicates the type of valves to be utilized.

4.10

Service Hoses

Service hoses are provided for cleaning and maintenance operations. They are connected by appropriate quick couplings to lines, with a ND ¾”(20 mm), conveying: compressed air (PLA - utility air), steam (LPS - low pressure steam), water (PWA - utility water) and, where required, nitrogen (NIT - utility nitrogen). These lines are generally grouped in a bundle called utility station. This is to allow both a concentration of the necessary utilities at ground level and to allow a single support (see Figure 4.10.1). The utility stations are normally provided in the following areas of the Plant: - Off-site area: pump rooms, loading bays, effluent treatment, etc.; - On-site area: piperack, compressor houses, columns, vessels, reactors, etc. The utility stations are positioned so as to be able to cover the required area with hoses whose length (radius of action) is normally 15 m. On columns of considerable height, the utility stations are positioned on the platforms for each manhole and so as to allow coverage of the upper and lower platforms by the hose radius of action (see Figures 4.10.2/3). In any case the maximum installation height of the hoses shall be in accordance with the pressure of the fluids conveyed. Hose rack supports shall be provided on the piperack stanchion, close to the utility stations (see Figure 4.10.4).

10.1 Typical sketch of installation along a piperack
.Figure 4.

2 Typical sketch of installation of utility station on platform
.10.A1
Figure 4.

3 Typical sketch of installation of utility station on column
.10.Figure 4.

4 Hose rack support details
.10.Figure 4.

can be made from the top or side. preferably the first one.4. and the length of connection to the sample point shall be as short as possible. try to group the sample connections as far as allowed by the permissible pressure drops (to be checked with PRC).11. A branch pipe from a horizontal section. branch pipes from the bottom are not acceptable as they could convey deposits and condensates.
Figure 4. does not constitute the whole range of sample connections used). which influence the results of measurements and the functionality of apparatus. for the reasons given in the previous paragraph.11. Whenever possible.11
Sample connections
Sample connections can be normal or cooled type. Figures 4. For the same reason branch pipes cannot be made on dead end sections.1 Typical installation of a cooled sample connection (case 1)
. The type is normally specified by PRC on the relevant P&I D.1/2 illustrate some typical installation of cooled sample connections (this however. Branches from the main line can be made on both vertical and horizontal sections of the same.

Connections shall be oriented so that instruments or piping will not obstruct aisles. line mounted flow transmitters. The following general rules shall be adhered to.1 11. and thermocouples shall be mounted in pipe-ways or shall be accessible from walkways. Connection for local pressure gauges. unless limited by other requirement in the design of the unit: 1.12. other provisions shall be made for indication at the adjustment or operating point. When establishing the orientation of a temperature tap. 5. seal pots or instruments which may be located on the lines. ladders or platforms. plaforms or grade. Instrument shall be located so as to maintain clearance required for walkways. 8. 2. the gauge glass shall be visible from any valve which controls the level in the vessel. Indicating instruments which must be readable for automatic control A1 adjustment or manual operation shall be readable form the adjustment or operating point. All instruments required adjustment shall be accessible for servicing from grade. see Table 4. If plot or piping arrangement precludes this. walkways.4. 4. Connection on vessels for gauge glasses and level instruments shall be oriented to minimize the effect of inlet and outlet streams on the instruments. 6. dial thermometers and test wells be located so that gauges will be at visible level and test points will be readily accessible.
. if possible. 9. Indicating instruments which are not in the above category shall be visible from operating aisles or passageways. Gauge glasses and level instruments shall be adjacently located and.12
Instrument accessibility
Instrument process connection shall be designed to be located for maximum convenience for operating and servicing of the instruments. it is necessary to leave a free space of about 600 mm to pull the thermocouple. Instrument accessibility shall be in accordance with accessibility chart. platforms or ladder. 3. access ways and operation and maintenance of valves and equipment: 10. 7. Clearance shall be provided at flow meter orefices for valves. Orefices. ladders.

The type of assembly shall be chosen in agreement with SMAUT Department. Grade only. For this type of level. or line mounted flow transmitters where their location depends on the location of the flanged orifice. An example of Displacer is shown in Figure 4.13. is 800 mm.
V.Instrument type Transmitters Local Indicators Pressure Gauge Thermowells Self-Contained Regulator Local Controllers/Recorders Process Actuated Switches Frequently Adjusted Instrument Line Accounting Flow Transmitters Emergency Instrument Thermocouples Line mounted flow transmitters Control Valves
I X X X X X
II
III
IV
V
X X X X X X X X
I. platform.1 Instrument access and visibility table A1
4.12.
II. Instruments in pipe-way. it’s necessary to define orientation by filling out Table 4. In this case the maximum distance to be considered between the ladder and instrument axes. In Figure 4. stairway or permanent ladder.
. an X shall be entered on ‘assembly right/left column’ in correspondence to chosen assembling (1÷8). platform.2/3/4/5/6/7 same example of levels’ arrangements are shown.13. Grade. Grade or upon NIOEC’S written approval.13.13
Levels
A1
Level gauges shall preferably be positioned and orientated so that they are visible and accessible from the ground or from permanent platforms. shall be accessible although the height may vary. Grade platform or stairway. IV.
Grade.1. If the valves or level instrument stand pipe are higher than the working floor or the operating elevation by 2100 mm. stairway or permanent ladder below 4500mm (access from permanent ladder shall be limited to the instruments where plot or piping arrangement precludes accessibility from grade or platform). III.
Table 4.1. a fixed vertical ladder shall be provided. or the valve handwheel axis.

. particularly in the following cases: .Large diameter lines in alloy and/or stainless steel. The type of the vents and drains are defined in ‘Job specification for typical piping assembly’ .00.1
Miscellaneous Piping
Piping routes shall be as short as possible and contain the smallest number of connections.Suction and delivery of compressors.JSP.PI. the piperoute shall to defined bearing in mind that the pipes shall be prefabricated in flanged spools of a suitable length for oven annealing.00. Moreover.50003.
. connections to equipment/machines and with the relevant instruments). after defining the layout complete with dimensions and elevations. piping shall be installed so as to be selfdraining to the equipment. When designing piping (especially when weld treatment is required) ensure that. Provide suitable points either flanges or couplings so as to allow easy assembly.Transfer line. .PI.14.4. In case of ebonised piping.JSP.Manifold of air coolers. between two circumferential welds. Vents and drains shall be installed in the high points (named positive pockets) and in the low points (negative pockets) of lines. However ideally the spool thus obtained should not be less than 100 mm.ED.ED.Steam line. respectively. because it is not possible to manufacture on site any special parts necessary which should have been defined (and purchased) during the development of the detailed engineering.ED. . Steam tracing shall be installed in accordance with ‘Job specification for steam tracing”. Connection lines between piperacks and equipment shall be located at a minimum elevation of 2500 mm and under the piperack a minimum elevation is 3800 mm to allow access of mobile lifting equipment. For this reason. avoiding the formation of pockets and dead points.14 4. it is necessary to prepare the isometrics of the lines under consideration (with all dimensions.50003. When designing plastic (PVC) or fiberglass (RTR) piping it should remembered that all the components are prefabricated with sizes defined by the Manufacturer and therefore the routes and lengths shall take these requirements into account. this elevation may be reduced to 2200mm.50002 Jacketed piping shall be installed in accordance with ‘Jacketed piping specification’. Whenever possible.Pump suctions.00. When structures are utilized. . lines shall be positioned as close as possible to these structures so as to facilitate their support. 3034.PI. a minimum distance equal to four times the pipe thickness. Lines conveying steam shall be installed so as to allow proper drainage to the steam traps and/or drains. . 3034. If only personnel transit is envisaged. it is necessary to consider the particular requirements for performing the connections/joints to equipment and instrumentation.DCR. 3034.

unless other indication by STRESS.14. reinforced plates don’t shall be considered for any type of intersection. plates shall be provided on all pipe to pipe intersection. the necessity of reinforced plates shall be checked time by time. .For all other process lines with 45° or 90° intersection.2
Reinforced plate the following criteria shall be taken into
For reinforced plate.1. piping class A1K3 (U).3.
consideration:
A1
For all flare lines with ND ≥ 2”.14.3
Piping Trunnion for Support
For application of trunnion to be provided on elbows for vertical and horizontal piping see Figure 4.14. The plates length shall be twice dimension of hole.
.For carbon steel sewer lines.
4. . Involved piping class are A1C3(X) and A1C6 (X).4.

3.1 Support standard
.14.Figure 4.

4.
. some examples are shown in Figure 4..1/2.4
Battery limit
There are different solutions for battery limit installation.4.14.14.

.

.

Piping road crossing can be made with concrete bridges. tank dikes or building roofs shall pass through appropriate sleeves.5
Crossings
A1
Pipes that penetrate walls.: pipeways. In this case there is no particular piping design requirement except that if the bridge is too wide it will be necessary to provide intermediate piers which should be taken into account in the definition of the pipeway width (see Figure 4.
. etc.4.g.5.2.3). Moreover. Wall penetrations in the case of tanks. which shall be large enough for seal filling. it is necessary to check the thickness of the ground cover according to the loads that will transit. etc. in order to avoid possible crushing.. unit battery limits.14.1.5. etc. The detailed drawing of the crossing shall be sent to CIV. it’s necessary to provide a sleeve as per Figure 4.14.). basins. Crossing with concrete bridges are provided when the pipe track/rack is of considerable size (e.14. is normally performed by providing crossing ad per Figure 4.14.5. for pump suction pipes. In case of the piping connected with underground piping installed in trench and pass through the floor.

14.7. min hose length shall be 15000mm. with the exception of water (unless P&ID requirement).PM.00.For vertical structures and vessels: in general utilities stations will be installed on every other floor.7 Hose reels
The layout arrangement of hose reels is decided according to the requirements of the relevant distribution P&I D. .4. 3. or by flanged spools. For its installation see Figure 4. However. Utilities station shall be located: 1. 2.Functionality requirements (valves shall be positioned below the process product level). 5.6
Utilities distribution
Utilities distribution (steam.
.ED.14.On structure: hose station will be arranged to serve all the floor.1/2/3.PCR. Moreover. (Hose air service only if required).On fractionation columns: hose stations will be provided on all manholes platform and on the highest platform. . Process and utilities production area: . Hose connection for air cooler will be provided at the platform under the electrical motor. as specified in ‘P&ID Development Procedure’. Hose connection for furnace (box type) will be provided on top platform with two hose opposite each other. the following should be borne in mind when installing the above mentioned lines: . . 4. or by rotating flanged elbows. in additive and waste tratments area.The need to ensure easy access (for operation and maintenance of valves). Hose connection for furnace (cylindrical type) will be provided on first platform. .Operating requirements (for emptying purposes.AA401.14. the connection between the utility lines and the process lines and/or equipment shall not be permanent and shall be made by flexible hoses. in tack truck and/or railway loading area. when utilization is discontinuous. air. for the fire-fighting system. A1 .At ground level: hose station will be arranged to reach all equipment or pipes concerned. a drain positioned upstream of the valves shall be provided). Off-Site area for storage and loading: hose station will be provided in pump room. nitrogen) to the users is made according to the type of utilisation required. 3034. water. 4. between the shut-off valves and the users.

suitable for ground assembly.7.1 Example of typical installation for hose reel
. . It will be provided with side vents equipped with mosquito net.HOSE REEL: One galvanized carbon steel hose reel assembled with stainless steel screw.PORTABLE WATER NOZZLE: One adjustable from full to fog jet and shut down.A1
TECHICAL CHARACTERISTICS: . bottom drain holes and the use full internal dimension will allow any easy operation of the stored equipment. rubber covered and rubber lined.HOSE: One of 25 m of DN 1 ½”( 40 mm) semi-flexible hose. Figure 4. It will be constructed in brass/bronze and shall be equipped with instantaneous pressure release coupling in accordance with British standard BS-336. .14.HOSE REEL CABINET: made in Carbon steel for outdoor installation. wound on the storage drum and able to put into service without completely unwinding the hose from the reel. . water portable nozzle capable of delivering approximately 360 l/min (MAX 375 l/min) at 7 Bar g supply pressure. One spool piece terminating outside the cabinet flanged 2” 150 RF made in galvanized carbon steel.

TECHICAL CHARACTERISTICS: - HOSE REEL CABINET: made in Carbon steel for outdoor installation, suitable for ground assembly. The use full internal dimension will allow any easy operation of the stored equipment. - HOSE REEL: One galvanized carbon steel hose reel assembled with stainless steel screw. It shall be mounted on a swinging arm or the cabinet door which swings 180°. - HOSE: One of 30 m of DN 1”( 35 mm) semi-flexible hose, rubber covered and rubber lined, wound on the storage drum and able to put into service without completely unwinding the hose from the reel. - PORTABLE WATER NOZZLE: One adjustable from full to fog jet and shut down, water portable nozzle capable of delivering approximately 150 l/min at 7 Bar g supply pressure. It will be constructed in brass/bronze and shall be equipped with instantaneous pressure release coupling in accordance with British standard BS-336. Figure 4.14.7.2 Example of typical installation for indoor hose reel

The layout arrangement of eye baths and showers is derived according to the possible

sources of contamination present in a Plant (e.g.: in the proximity of acids and chemical handling areas, in the proximity of ammonia pumps, etc.). In any case the detailed definition is checked by PRC. For the relevant installations, see Figure 4.14.8.

Figure 4.14.8.1 Example of eye bath and shower installation

14.00.PI.9
Winterizing
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In projects where the ambient conditions envisages freezing during the winter season.ED. 3034.
.JSP.50003.4. eye baths and showers made underground shall be equipped with a suitable selfdraining valve (to be defined with PRC) so as to avoid water stagnation in the line as per ‘Job specification for steam tracing’. all connections to hose reels.