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Wednesday, December 11, 2013

Christmas in Ladysmith: Boer War 1899 2

THE BEGINNING

Penn-Symons

On the expiry of the ultimatum, Boer commandos swept over the
mountain passes into Natal and on 20 October met
British forces under General Penn-Symons at Talana hill near Dundee.
The British won the day, but at great cost of lives including that of
Penn-Symons himself.

It was left to General Yule to abandon Dundee,
plus a large number of stores, to fall back on Ladysmith. Yule’s 4 000 men made
a valiant retreat, staggering wearily into the town on 26 October. Gunner
William Netley of the Dundee garrison compared this feat to the gruelling march
to Kandahar
during the Afghan War.

Four days after Yule’s column made it into Ladysmith, a
naval brigade with two 4.7 inch guns, three long 12 pounders, one short 12
pounder and four maxims arrived. This fire power was to prove vital in
defending Ladysmith.

Naval Brigade at Ladysmith

In the interim, British troops under General French
successfully repulsed the Boers at Elandslaagte, but White abandoned the ground
having had news of a strong Boer advance on Ladysmith. An action was also
fought at Rietfontein on 24 October, primarily to cover the retreat of Yule’s
column from Dundee. By 27 October, the Boer
commandos were concentrated around Ladysmith, and starting to emplace their
Long Tom guns on the hills overlooking the town. Martial law had been declared
and the Natal Field Force was centralized under White.

Boer Long Tom

The net was drawing tighter, and two attempts were made to
prevent total Boer encirclement of the town. One was the debacle at Nicholson’s
Nek on ‘Mournful Monday’, 30 October, where the Boers overran British positions
and took 800 prisoners. The other engagement, on the same day, was in the
vicinity of Farquhar’s Farm (the Battle of Ladysmith or Battle of Modder
Spruit), where after some heavy artillery exchanges, the British were ordered
to retire on Ladysmith.

On 2 November the last train steamed out of the town under
enemy fire, carrying civilian refugees and also Generals Yule and French. In
the afternoon, the Boers cut telegraph and railway communications and destroyed
the waterworks. Ladysmith was surrounded and the bombardment of the town began.