There is a secreted form of PTEN referred to as PTEN-Long or PTEN-L; PTEN-L includes an extra 173 amino acids at the N terminal of PTEN; PTEN-L secreted from one cell can exhibit phosphatase activity in neighboring cells (Science 2013;341:399)

PTENα is an isoform of PTEN that also contains a 173 amino acid N terminal extension; it is localized to the mitochondria (Cell Metab 2014;19:836)

Tumor suppressor gene that is commonly lost in human cancer

Has important role in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis

Heavily regulated by post-translational modifications, including:

Oxidation or nitrosylation (C71, C124, C83)

Ubiquitination (K13 and K289)

SUMOlyation (K254, K266)

Acetylation (K125, K128, K163, K402)

Terminology

Also called Mutated in Multiple Advanced Cancers 1 (MMAC1)

Diagrams / tables

Images hosted on other servers:

Fig 1

Activating pathways

Clinical features

PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) is a spectrum of human pathologies that result from mutations in PTEN (Am J Surg Pathol 2012;36:671); they include Cowden syndrome, Bannayan-Riley-Rubvalcaba syndrome, Proteus syndrome and Proteus-like syndrome

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