0. DOCID:3918 SCORE: 0.003532679693285DOCNO: 1254355OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: MetallurgyQUALIFIER: mortalityQUALIFIER: mortalityAUTHOR: S Tokudome SAUTHOR: M Kuratsune MPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. COUNTRY: DENMARKTITLE: A cohort study on mortality from cancer and other causes among workers at a metal refinery.PUBDATE: 19760301
A non-concurrent prospective study was made on deaths from cancer and other causes occurring among 2,675 male workers at a metal refinery from 1949 to 1971. The expected number of deaths computed by applying age- and cause-specific death rates of Japanese males to these workers was compared with the observed number of deaths. Among 839 copper smelters, significantly increased mortalities were noted for lung cancer (SMR = 1,189) and colon cancer, but nor for cancer of the stomach, liver (primary) and biliary passages, pancreas and skin or for leukemia, tuberculosis, cerebrovascular diseases, heart diseases and liver cirrhosis. A dose-response relationship was demonstrated between the mortality from lung cancer and the degree of exposure. A very high excess mortality from lung cancer (SMR = 2,500) was seen among copper smelters who were considered to have been most heavily exposed to arsenic or workers who had engaged in sintering and blast furnace operations for 15 years of more before 1949. The latent period of lung cancer was 37.6 years on average, and not related to level of exposure. Twenty-six of 29 deaths from lung cancer among copper smelters occurred after they had left the refinery. Other production workers and clerical workers showed no significant excess mortality from any kind of cancer.

1. DOCID:3417 SCORE: 0.0030637952599503DOCNO: 1255759OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: epidemiologyAUTHOR: W Haenszel WAUTHOR: M Kurihara MAUTHOR: F B Locke FBAUTHOR: K Shimuzu KAUTHOR: M Segi MPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Stomach cancer in Japan.PUBDATE: 19760201
A study of 783 patients with stomach cancer and 1,566 hospital controls in Hiroshima and Miyagi prefectures of Japan showed that farmers, representing mostly the lowest socioeconomic class, had higher risk of developing stomach cancer. The usual inverse gradient in risk by social class was in the urban population of Miyagi, but not Hiroshima, prefecture. The study in Japan did not reproduce the association of stomach cancer with consumption of salted/dried fish and salt-pickled vegetables described for the Hawaiian Japanese. Salted/dried fish and pickled vegetables were more widely used by farmers than by nonfarmers in Japan or by Japanese migrants to Hawaii. The ability to detect associations for these typical Japanese foods in Hawaii stemmed from the fact that these reduced levels of use were more completely expressed by the Hawaiian-Japanese controls than by patients. The lower risk of developing stomach cancer for lettuce and celery users agreed with the Hawaiian-Japanese findings, and the combined results supported conjectures on possible protective food effects. Lettuce, in particular, warranted attention from this viewpoint, since similar findings have been consistently reported.

3. DOCID:1478 SCORE: 0.00274366981574464DOCNO: 860705OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: Models, TheoreticalQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: adverse effectsAUTHOR: T R Fears TRAUTHOR: J Scotto JAUTHOR: M A Schneiderman MAPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: American journal of epidemiology. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Mathematical models of age and ultraviolet effects on the incidence of skin cancer among whites in the United States.PUBDATE: 19770501
That sunlight leads to skin cancer has been generally accepted for nearly a century. Physical data are, for the first time, available which support this hypothesis. The authors have found that a simple power relationship can be used to describe the data and that the form of this power function suggests that the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer is related to cumulative lifetime ultraviolet (UV) exposure and that the risk of melanoma skin cancer is related to annual UV exposure. The authors emphasize that skin cancer risk also depends on location-specific demographic variables other than ultraviolet radiation.

4. DOCID:2252 SCORE: 0.0027385812361554DOCNO: 1157019OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: epidemiologyAUTHOR: J D Godwin JDPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Cancer. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Carcinoid tumors. An analysis of 2,837 cases.PUBDATE: 19750801
Two thousand eight hundred thirty-seven cases of carcinoid tumor from files at the National Cancer Institute were analyzed statistically. Tumors were found in the lung, ovary, and biliary and gastrointestinal tracts. Most were in the appendix, rectum, and ileum. Age-adjusted incidence rates were higher for black males, except for lung carcinoids. Carcinoids showed several differences from other kinds of tumor, including a low age for appendiceal and lung cases and low male/female and black/white ratios in the lung. Percentages of concurrent neoplasms and multiple carcinoids were low compared to other series. Five-year relative survival rates ranged from 99% (appendix) to 33% (sigmoid colon). Survival for colon cases was not so low as expected on the basis of the high rate of metastasis. Some appendiceal carcinoids were metastatic and may have killed 1 patient. Findings are compared with other studies.

5. DOCID:3910 SCORE: 0.00267964310917262DOCNO: 1117767OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: epidemiologyAUTHOR: J F Beamis JFAUTHOR: A Stein AAUTHOR: J L Andrews JLPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: The Medical clinics of North America. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Changing epidemiology of lung cancer. Increasing incidence in women.PUBDATE: 19750301
Recent worldwide reports show a large increase in the incidence of lung cancer in both men and women. To detail changes in the epidemiology of lung cancer relating to the incidence in men and women, we reviewed the patterns of diagnosis of 1145 patients with lung cancer seen at the Lahey Clinic between 1956 and 1972, during which time the proportion of all men and women seen was unchanged. The total number of women with lung cancer increased greatly and has almost doubled during this period. Lung cancer in women is now increasing at a faster rate than in men so that the male to female incidence has decreased from 6.8/1 (1957 to 1960) to 2.4/1 (1969 to 1972). We reviewed in detail the case histories and pathology of 231 women with lung cancer. No significant change was evident in cell type distribution during the study years. The most frequently seen tumors in women were adenocarcinoma (31 per cent), undifferentiated large cell cancer (22 per cent), epidermoid carcinoma (16 per cent), and undifferentiated small cell carcinoma (12 per cent). Among those women with known smoking histories, the group most responsible for the recent increase in women with lung cancer was comprised of smoking women in whom Kreyberg group 1 (smoking-related) tumors developed.

6. DOCID:3957 SCORE: 0.00267704224665614DOCNO: 903186OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: adverse effectsQUALIFIER: adverse effectsQUALIFIER: adverse effectsQUALIFIER: epidemiologyQUALIFIER: complicationsAUTHOR: R Saracci RPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer. COUNTRY: DENMARKTITLE: Asbestos and lung cancer: an analysis of the epidemiological evidence on the asbestos-smoking interaction.PUBDATE: 19770901
Three simple models for the asbestos-smoking interaction on human lung cancer production are considered. In the first model the excess incidence of lung cancer independently due to asbestos and to smoking adds together when both agents are present (additive model). In the second the addition of each one of the two agents produces an effect (increase in lung cancer incidence) which is proportional to the effect of the other (multiplicative model). In the third, asbestos can only increase lung cancer incidence in the presence of smoking. As previously found by other investigators, the additive model appears the least plausible in the light of the data from two published epidemiological studies. A discrimination between the other two models is attempted through a detailed analysis of the five published epidemiological studies today available which provide information on occupational asbestos exposure, smoking habits and lung cancer risk. Although the data do not allow a definitive discrimination, the multiplicative model appears to be more plausible, being also consistent with a multi-stage carcinogenic mechanism and with evidence from animal (rat) experiments. It is relevant both for biology and for public health that in this model asbestos and smoking are regarded as independently capable of producing lung cancer in humans and that they act synergistically when exposure to both occurs.

7. DOCID:3043 SCORE: 0.00258784969684784DOCNO: 950575OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: epidemiologyAUTHOR: M Jokelainen MPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Journal of the neurological sciences. COUNTRY: NETHERLANDSTITLE: The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Finland. A study based on the death certificates of 421 patients.PUBDATE: 19760901
The mortality and prevalence of ALS in the various countries of Finland was studied. The work was based on death certificates derived from a 10-year period from 1963 to 1972, and altogether 421 cases were found. The mean duration of the disease was 2.7 years, and the mean age at death was 61.2 years. The average annual mortality rate was 0.91 per 100,000. The male to female ratio was 0.87 to 1, males outnumbered females only in age groups under 65. Some clustering of the cases seems to be taking place in the south-eastern part of the country. The rural to urban distribution of the patients' places of birth and domiciles did not differ markedly from that of thw whole population. After ALS itself pneumonia was the most common direct cause of death. Of other significant conditions coded in the death certificates schizophrenia and cancer did not occur more often than could be expected by chance. No evidence of inheritance of the disease was found.

8. DOCID:3933 SCORE: 0.00253940826023389DOCNO: 203161OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: InuitsQUALIFIER: epidemiologyAUTHOR: N H Nielsen NHAUTHOR: F Mikkelsen FAUTHOR: J P Hansen JPPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Acta pathologica et microbiologica Scandinavica. Section A, Pathology. COUNTRY: DENMARKTITLE: Nasopharyngeal cancer in Greenland. The incidence in an Arctic Eskimo population.PUBDATE: 19771101
Nasopharyngeal cancer is very common among the Chinese in various parts of the world, particularly Southern China, and frequent in certain other Mongoloid groups in Southeast Asia. Also, the incidence among the Eskimos of the western Canadian Arctic and Alaska is considerably higher than would be expected. Ths paper reports for the first time the incidence of nasopharyngeal cancer among native Greenlanders, an Eskimo population with some admixture of Caucasian blood. During 1955-1976, thirty-five cases of nasopharyngeal cancer were diagnosed. Ninety-four per cent (33 cases) were squamous cell carcinomas, including lymphoepitheliomas. Incidence rates 1965-1976, age adjusted to the "world" population distribution, were 12.3 and 8.5 per 100,000 per annum for males and females respectively. These rates are among the highest recorded in the world and significantly higher than among the Caucasian population in Denmark. Compared with other high risk populations nasopharyngeal cancer among Greenlanders had an older age distribution and a lower male-to-female sex ratio. An additional 11 cases with malignant involvement, seeminly confined only to cervical lymph nodes, may have included some undiagnosed nasopharyngeal cancers. Thus the calculated incidence rates of this study could represent only minimum rates. Further research is needed especially with regard to the HL-A profile and to possible traces of Epstein-Barr virus infection.

9. DOCID:2592 SCORE: 0.00243906811410998DOCNO: 194678OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: diagnosisQUALIFIER: diagnosisQUALIFIER: diagnosisQUALIFIER: diagnosisAUTHOR: L V Ackerman LVAUTHOR: A L Katzenstein ALPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Cancer. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: The concept of minimal breast cancer and the pathologist's role in the diagnosis of "early carcinoma".PUBDATE: 19770601
Minimal breast cancer has been variously defined as a lesion 1 cm or less, or even 5 mm or less. Some authorities consider intraductal cancer and lobular carcinoma in situ as minimal, but we believe that these should be excluded from consideration. Minimal cancer is not early cancer inasmuch as a 1 cm lesion represents 30 doubling times, and a certain percentage of these small cancers have already disseminated. The pathologist's responsibility in diagnosing minimal cancer has become more difficult. His problem is in three major areas: Is this proliferative cystic lesion cancer? Is this lobular or intraductal proliferative lesion in situ carcinoma? And if so, he must be concerned also with the treatment as well as the diagnosis. In any screening program, these minimal cancers, either invasive or in situ, should be evaluated by a group of experts in order that the program be entirely accurate.

10. DOCID:3753 SCORE: 0.00218277442575619DOCNO: 144415OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: Cell Migration InhibitionQUALIFIER: immunologyQUALIFIER: immunologyQUALIFIER: immunologyAUTHOR: K Hamasaki KPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Acta medica Okayama. COUNTRY: JAPANTITLE: Cell-mediated immunity against digestive organ cancers : leucocyte migration inhibitory factor activity as an immunological parameter.PUBDATE: 19770601
The present study was conducted to investigate the usefulness of the direct leucocyte migration agarose method for studying cell-mediated immunity in vitro. Comparative studies of the purified protein derivative (PPD) skin test and the leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) in which PPD was used as test antigen indicated a significant qualitative and a weak quantitative correlation between these two tests. Furthermore a positive correlation was found between the LMIT and the macrophage migration inhibition test (MIT) using ultrasonicated authochthonous tumor antigen. Comparative studies of the LMIT, MIT, PPD skin and DNCB tests on the same patients showed that cases responding positively to the the PPD skin and DNCB tests tended to respond positively to the LMIT and MIT. Patients with digestive organ cancers were examined by the LMIT. With the advance of cancer, decreased positive test test rates were found. After gastric cancer operations the LMIT findings were divided into two groups: one type changed from positive to negative, and the other type changed from negative to positive. The former response was suggestive of a successful operation, and the latter response was suggestive of a non-curative operation. These results indicated that the direct leucocyte migration inhibition agarose test was useful investigating cell-mediated immunity.

11. DOCID:2897 SCORE: 0.00208997052287048DOCNO: 798710OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: BCG VaccineQUALIFIER: therapyQUALIFIER: therapyQUALIFIER: immunologyQUALIFIER: therapyQUALIFIER: immunologyAUTHOR: K Yasumoto KAUTHOR: H Manabe HAUTHOR: M Ueno MAUTHOR: M Ohta MAUTHOR: H Ueda HPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Gann = Gan. COUNTRY: JAPANTITLE: Immunotherapy of human lung cancer with BCG cell-wall skeleton.PUBDATE: 19761201
Effect of BCG cell-wall skeleton (BCG-CWS) on the recovery of responsiveness of lymphocytes and the survival period was studied in patients with lung cancer. (a) Responsiveness of lymphocytes as demonstrated by proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or microcytotoxicity test with cultured cells of a bronchogenic carcinoma was depressed in the patients at later stages of cancer and it was restored by treatment with BCG-CWS in many of such patients. (b) Survival period of the patients at later stages such as III or IV was prolonged by treatment with BCG-CWS. Such an effect was detected even in the patients with carcinomatous pleuritis. (c) A close correlation was found between the reactivity such as PHA response or cytotoxicity and clinical course of the patients given BCG-CWS. Assay system with PHA response and microcytotoxicity test appears to be reliable in anticipating the prognosis and in following clinical course after the BCG-CWS treatment.

12. DOCID:1509 SCORE: 0.00205870579832333DOCNO: 322207OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: Hyperthermia, InducedQUALIFIER: therapyAUTHOR: R C Miller RCAUTHOR: W G Connor WGAUTHOR: R S Heusinkveld RSAUTHOR: M L Boone MLPUBTYPE: Historical ArticlePUBTYPE: Journal ArticlePUBTYPE: ReviewJOURNALTITLE: Radiology. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Prospects for hyperthermia in human cancer therapy.Part I: hyperthermic effects in man and spontaneous animal tumors.PUBDATE: 19770501
Systemic hyperthermia in man may occur by accident, as in heat stroke or malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia, or it may be therapeutically induced (fever therapy). The latter has been used infrequently since the advent of antibiotics, except recently for treatment of cancer. Local or regional heating combined with x irradiation for human cancer therapy has been sporadically reported for over 60 years, but has not found its place in clinical medicine possibly due to technical limitations in heat production and dosimetry. Preliminary results are reported for treatment of spontaneous animal tumors with radiofrequency current fields and x irradiation.

13. DOCID:3515 SCORE: 0.00205110670004329DOCNO: 789066OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEDESCRIPTOR: CoalDESCRIPTOR: Environmental HealthAUTHOR: R A Wadden RAPUBTYPE: Journal ArticlePUBTYPE: ReviewJOURNALTITLE: Environmental health perspectives. COUNTRY: UNITED STATESTITLE: Coal hydrogenation and environmental health.PUBDATE: 19760401
Planning of coal hydrogenation processes, such as liquifaction and gasification, requires consideration of public health implications. Commercial plants will require coal quantities greater than or equal to 20,000 tons/day and the large size of these plants calls for careful consideration of the potential health hazards from the wastes and products of such processes. Analysis of pollution potential can roughly be divided into three categories: raw material structure and constituents, process design, and mode of plant operation. Identifiable pollutants include hydrogen cyanide, phenols, cresols, carbonyl and hydrogen sulfides, ammonia, mercaptans, thiocyanides, aniline, arsenic, trace metals and various polycyclic hydrocarbons. One study of workers in a hydrogenation process has revealed an incidence of skin cancer 16-37 times that expected in the chemical industry. In addition, a number of high boiling point liquid products were identified as being carcinogenic, and air concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene up to 18,000 mug/1000 m3 were reported. Health statistics on occupational groups in other coal conversion industries have shown significantly higher lung cancer rates, relative to groups without such occupational exposures. These data suggest that coal hydrogenation plants must be carefully planned and controlled to avoid harm to environmentally and occupationally exposed populations.

14. DOCID:3783 SCORE: 0.00202458919299063DOCNO: 1150006OWNER: NLMSTATUS: MEDLINEQUALIFIER: administration & dosageQUALIFIER: administration & dosageQUALIFIER: administration & dosageQUALIFIER: administration & dosageQUALIFIER: pathologyAUTHOR: Y Kohli YAUTHOR: Y Hashimoto YAUTHOR: S Takeda SAUTHOR: K Kawai KPUBTYPE: Journal ArticleJOURNALTITLE: Gann = Gan. COUNTRY: JAPANTITLE: Cell kinetics of gastric carcinoma and other gastric lesions in rats by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine with or without Tween 60.PUBDATE: 19750401
Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups for studying the chronic effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), in continuous dose of 50 mg/L in drinking water, or 50 mg/L MNNG and 0.4% Tween 60 in drinking water. From the 2nd to 50th week after the administration of MNNG, every 3 or 5 rats were sacrificed and autopsied after the intraperitoneal injection of 1 muCi 3-H-thymidine/g body weight at 2- or 3-week intervals. The resected stomachs were studied morphologically and autoradiographically. Six cases of experimental gastric cancer were produced that fulfilled Stewart's criteria. Autoradiographically, there was no significant different in the flash labeling index in the normal antral mucosa, in the non-pathologic antral mucosa, and in the cancerous lesion, but generation time and DNA synthesizing time of the cancerous lesion were 2 or 3 times longer than those of the glandular stomach of normal rats reported by Galjaard. They were also longer than those of the non-pathologic antral mucosa of rats treated with MNNG. These experiments results were discussed, comparing with cell kinetics of the gastrointestinal tracts in man.