graphene

Graphene Materials: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications brings together innovative methodologies with research and development strategies to provide a detailed state-of-the-art overview of the processing, properties, and technology developments of graphene materials and their wide-ranging applications. The applications areas covered are biosensing, energy storage, environmental monitoring, and health. The book discusses the various methods that have been developed for the preparation and functionalization of single-layered graphene nanosheets. These form the essential building blocks for the bottom-up architecture of various graphene materials because they possess unique physico-chemical properties such as large surface areas, good conductivity and mechanical strength, high thermal stability and desirable flexibility. The electronic behavior in graphene, such as dirac fermions obtained due to the interaction with the ions of the lattice, has led to the discovery of novel miracles like Klein tunneling in carbon-based solid state systems and the so-called half-integer quantum Hall effect. The combination of these properties makes graphene a highly desirable material for applications. In particular, Graphene Materials: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications has chapters covering: • Graphene and related two-dimensional nanomaterials • Surface functionalization of graphene • Functional three-dimensional graphene networks • Covalent graphene-polymer nanocomposites • Magnesium matrix composites reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets • Graphene derivatives for energy storage • Graphene nanocomposite for high performance supercapacitors • Graphene nanocomposite-based bulk hetro-junction solar cells • Graphene bimetallic nanocatalysts foam for energy storage and biosensing • Graphene nanocomposites-based for electrochemical sensors • Graphene electrodes for health and environmental monitoring

What are the chemical aspects of graphene as a novel 2D material and how do they relate to the molecular structure? This book addresses these important questions from a theoretical and computational standpoint. Graphene Chemistry: Theoretical Perspectives presents recent exciting developments to correlate graphene’s properties and functions to its structure through state-of-the-art computational studies. This book focuses on the chemistry aspect of the structure-property relationship for many fascinating derivatives of graphene; various properties such as electronic structure, magnetism, and chemical reactivity, as well as potential applications in energy storage, catalysis, and nanoelectronics are covered. The book also includes two chapters with significant experimental portions, demonstrating how deep insights can be obtained by joint experimental and theoretical efforts. Topics covered include: Graphene ribbons: Edges, magnetism, preparation from unzipping, and electronic transport Nanographenes: Properties, reactivity, and synthesis Clar sextet rule in nanographene and graphene nanoribbons Porous graphene, nanomeshes, and graphene-based architecture and assemblies Doped graphene: Theory, synthesis, characterization and applications Mechanisms of graphene growth in chemical vapor deposition Surface adsorption and functionalization of graphene Conversion between graphene and graphene oxide Applications in gas separation, hydrogen storage, and catalysis Graphene Chemistry: Theoretical Perspectives provides a useful overview for computational and theoretical chemists who are active in this field and those who have not studied graphene before. It is also a valuable resource for experimentalist scientists working on graphene and related materials, who will benefit from many concepts and properties discussed here.

Filling the gap between publications for industrial developers and academic researchers on graphene synthesis and its applications, this book presents the essential aspects for the successful upscaling of graphene production. After an introduction to graphene, its synthesis and characterization, the text covers a wide variety of graphene composites and compounds. The larger part of the book discusses various applications where graphene has been successfully integrated into technologies, including uses in the energy sector, oil and gas industry, biomedical areas, sensors and coatings. Finally, the book concludes with a summary and a look at the future of graphene technology, including a market review. With its focus on applications, this is equally useful for both academic and industrial users.

Due to its unique properties, graphene oxide has become one of the most studied materials of the last decade and a great variety of applications have been reported in areas such as sensors, catalysis and biomedical applications. This comprehensive volume systematically describes the fundamental aspects and applications of graphene oxide. The book is designed as an introduction to the topic, so each chapter begins with a discussion on fundamental concepts, then proceeds to review and summarize recent advances in the field. Divided into two parts, the first part covers fundamental aspects of graphene oxide and includes chapters on formation and chemical structure, characterization methods, reduction methods, rheology and optical properties of graphene oxide solutions. Part Two covers numerous graphene oxide applications including field effect transistors, transparent conductive films, sensors, energy harvesting and storage, membranes, composite materials, catalysis and biomedical applications. In each case the differences and advantages of graphene oxide over its non-oxidised counterpart are discussed. The book concludes with a chapter on the challenges of industrial-scale graphene oxide production. Graphene Oxide: Fundamentals and Applications is a valuable reference for academic researchers, and industry scientists interested in graphene oxide, graphene and other carbon materials.

Since its discovery in 2004, graphene has been a great sensation due to its unique structure and unusual properties, and it has only taken 6 years for a Noble Prize to be awarded for the field of graphene research. This monograph gives a well-balanced overview on all areas of scientific interest surrounding this fascinating nanocarbon. In one handy volume it offers comprehensive coverage of the topic, including chemical, materials science, nanoscience, physics, engineering, life science, and potential applications. Other graphene-like, inorganic layered materials are also discussed. Edited by two highly honored scientists, this is an invaluable companion for inorganic, organic, and physical chemists, materials scientists, and physicists. From the Contents: * Synthesis, Characterization, and Selected Properties of Graphene * Understanding Graphene via Raman Scattering * Physics of Quanta and Quantum Fields in Graphene * Graphene and Graphene-Oxide-Based Materials for Electrochemical Energy Systems * Heterogeneous Catalysis by Metal Nanoparticles supported on Graphene * Graphenes in Supramolecular Gels and in Biological Systems and many more

The expansion of carbon materials is multidisciplinary and is related to physics, chemistry, biology, applied sciences and engineering. The research on carbon materials has mostly focused on aspects of fundamental physics as they unique electrical, thermal and mechanical properties applicable for the range of applications. The electrons in graphene and other derived carbon materials behave as dirac fermions due to their interaction with the ions of the lattice. This direction has led to the discovery of new phenomena such as Klein tunneling in carbon based solid state systems and the so-called half-integer quantum Hall effect. Advanced Carbon Materials and Technology presents cutting-edge chapters on the processing, properties and technological developments of graphene, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, carbon particles and other carbon based structures including multifunctional graphene sheets, graphene quantum dots, bulky balls, carbon balls, and their polymer composites. This book brings together respected international scholars writing on the innovative methodologies and strategies adopted in carbon materials research area including Synthesis, characterization and functionalization of carbon nanotubes and graphene Surface modification of graphene Carbon based nanostructured materials Graphene and carbon nanotube based electrochemical (bio)sensors for environmental monitoring Carbon catalysts for hydrogen storage materials Optical carbon nanoobjects Graphene and carbon nanotube based biosensors Carbon doped cryogel films Bioimpact of carbon nanomaterials Photocatalytic nature of carbon nanotube based composites Engineering behavior of ash fills Fly ash syntactic foams microstructure

This ready reference and handbook is unique in its focus on synthesis and the application of graphene and other carbon materials with an emphasis on chemistry aspects. To this extent, it deals with top-down and bottom-up approaches across the different length scales for graphene from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to graphene nanoribbons and graphene sheets, as well as carbon materials from quantum dots, nanostructured particles, and fibers, right up to tubes, bulk structures, and much more besides. In so doing, it presents the best synthetic methods: pyrolysis, chemical vapor deposition, templating and surface-mediated synthesis, self-assembly, surface-grafting and modification. Edited by two excellent, experienced and highly renowned editors, both of whom are directors of Max Planck Institutes.

Often described as a “miracle material”, graphene’s potential applications are extraordinary, ranging from nanoscale ‘green’ technologies, to sensors and future conductive coatings. This book covers the topic of ‘graphene’ – the history, fundamental properties, methods of production and applications of this exciting new material. The style of the book is both scientific and technical – it is accessible to an audience that has a general, undergraduate-level background in the sciences or engineering, and is aimed at industries considering graphene applications. As the graphene topic is a broad-reaching and rapidly moving field of research, the aim of this book is therefore to provide information about graphene and its current and future applications that are immediately implementable, relevant and concise. After reading this book, the reader will have sufficient knowledge and background to move forward independently into graphene R&D and to apply the knowledge therein. Although the book will be self-contained, each chapter has copious references to enable further reading, research and exploration of the chapter topics.

This first book dedicated to the topic provides an up-to-date account of the many opportunities graphene offers for robust, workable energy generation and storage devices. Following a brief overview of the fundamentals of graphene, including the main synthesis techniques, characterization methods and properties, the first part goes on to deal with graphene for energy storage applications, such as lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors and hydrogen storage. The second part is concerned with graphene-based energy-generation devices, in particular conventional as well as microbial and enzymatic fuel cells, with chapters on graphene photovoltaics rounding off the book. Throughout, device architectures are not only discussed on a laboratory scale, but also ways for upscaling to an industrial level, including manufacturing processes and quality control. By bridging academic research and industrial development this is invaluable reading for materials scientists, physical chemists, electrochemists, solid state physicists, and those working in the electrotechnical industry.

A first on ultrafast phenomena in carbon nanostructures like graphene, the most promising candidate for revolutionizing information technology and communication The book introduces the reader into the ultrafast nanoworld of graphene and carbon nanotubes, including their microscopic tracks and unique optical finger prints. The author reviews the recent progress in this field by combining theoretical and experimental achievements. He offers a clear theoretical foundation by presenting transparently derived equations. Recent experimental breakthroughs are reviewed. By combining both theory and experiment as well as main results and detailed theoretical derivations, the book turns into an inevitable source for a wider audience from graduate students to researchers in physics, materials science, and electrical engineering who work on optoelectronic devices, renewable energies, or in the semiconductor industry.

This first book on emerging applications for this innovative material gives an up-to-date account of the many opportunities graphene offers high-end optoelectronics. The text focuses on potential as well as already realized applications, discussing metallic and passive components, such as transparent conductors and smart windows, as well as high-frequency devices, spintronics, photonics, and terahertz devices. Also included are sections on the fundamental properties, synthesis, and characterization of graphene. With its unique coverage, this book will be welcomed by materials scientists, solid-state chemists and solid-state physicists alike.

Long awaited new edition of this highly successful textbook, provides once more a unique introduction to the concepts, techniques and applications of nanoscale systems by covering its entire spectrum up to recent findings on graphene.

Low-dimensional solids are of fundamental interest in materials science due to their anisotropic properties. Written not only for experts in the field, this book explains the important concepts behind their physics and surveys the most interesting one-dimensional systems and discusses their present and emerging applications in molecular scale electronics. Chemists, polymer and materials scientists as well as students will find this book a very readable introduction to the solid-state physics of electronic materials. In this completely revised and expanded third edition the authors also cover graphene as one of the most important research topics in the field of low dimensional materials for electronic applications. In addition, the topics of nanotubes and nanoribbons are widely enlarged to reflect the research advances of the last years.

Written in a self-contained manner, this textbook allows both advanced students and practicing applied physicists and engineers to learn the relevant aspects from the bottom up. All logical steps are laid out without omitting steps. The book covers electrical transport properties in carbon based materials by dealing with statistical mechanics of carbon nanotubes and graphene – presenting many fresh and sometimes provoking views. Both second quantization and superconductivity are covered and discussed thoroughly. An extensive list of references is given in the end of each chapter, while derivations and proofs of specific equations are discussed in the appendix. The experienced authors have studied the electrical transport in carbon nanotubes and graphene for several years, and have contributed relevantly to the understanding and further development of the field. The content is based on the material taught by one of the authors, Prof Fujita, for courses in quantum theory of solids and quantum statistical mechanics at the University at Buffalo, and some topics have also been taught by Prof. Suzuki in a course on advanced condensed matter physics at the Tokyo University of Science. For graduate students in physics, chemistry, electrical engineering and material sciences, with a knowledge of dynamics, quantum mechanics, electromagnetism and solid-state physics at the senior undergraduate level. Includes a large numbers of exercise-type problems.

All set to become the standard reference on the topic, this book covers the most important procedures for chemical functionalization, making it an indispensable resource for all chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers entering or already working in the field. Expert authors share their knowledge on a wide range of different functional groups, including organic functional groups, hydrogen, halogen, nanoparticles and polymers.

Contains the latest research advances in computational nanomechanics in one comprehensive volume Covers computational tools used to simulate and analyse nanostructures Includes contributions from leading researchers Covers of new methodologies/tools applied to computational nanomechanics whilst also giving readers the new findings on carbon-based aggregates (graphene, carbon-nanotubes, nanocomposites) Evaluates the impact of nanoscale phenomena in materials

This book covers all aspects of the different classes of nanomaterials – from synthesis to application. It investigates in detail the use and feasibility of developing nanocomposites with these nanomaterials as reinforcements. The book encompasses synthesis and properties of cellulose nanofibers, bacterial nanocellulose, carbon nanotubes / nanofibers, graphene, nanodiamonds, nanoclays, inorganic nanomaterials and their nanocomposites for high-end applications such as electronic devices, energy storage, structural and packaging. The book also provides insight into various modification techniques for improving the functionality of nanomaterials apart from their compatibility with the base matrix.

Raman spectroscopy is the inelastic scattering of light by matter. Being highly sensitive to the physical and chemical properties of materials, as well as to environmental effects that change these properties, Raman spectroscopy is now evolving into one of the most important tools for nanoscience and nanotechnology. In contrast to usual microscopyrelated techniques, the advantages of using light for nanoscience relate to both experimental and fundamental aspects.

This book provides detailed reviews of a range of nanostructures used in the construction of biosensors as well as the applications of these biosensor nanotechnologies in the biological, chemical, and environmental monitoring fields Biological sensing is a fundamental tool for understanding living systems, but also finds practical application in medicine, drug discovery, process control, food safety, environmental monitoring, defense, and personal security. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the bio/electronic interface leads us towards new horizons in areas such as bionics, power generation, and computing. Advances in telecommunications, expert systems, and distributed diagnostics prompt us to question the current ways we deliver healthcare, while robust industrial sensors enable new paradigms in R&D and production. Despite these advances, there is a glaring absence of suitably robust and convenient sensors for body chemistries. This book examines some of the emerging technologies that are fueling scientific discovery and underpinning new products to enhance the length and quality of our lives. The 14 chapters written by leading experts cover such topics as: ZnO and graphene microelectrode applications in biosensing Assembly of polymers/metal nanoparticles Gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors Impedimetric DNA sensing employing nanomaterials Graphene and carbon nanotube-based biosensors Computational nanochemistry study of the BFPF green fluorescent protein chromophore Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles Bioconjugated-nanoporous gold films in electrochemical biosensors The combination of molecular imprinting and nanotechnology Principles and properties of multiferroics and ceramics

The second edition of a modern introduction to the chemistry and physics of solids. This textbook takes a unique integrated approach designed to appeal to both science and engineering students. Review of 1st edition “an extremely wide-ranging, useful book that is accessible to anyone with a firm grasp of high school science…this is an outstanding and affordable resource for the lifelong learner or current student.” Choice, 2005 The book provides an introduction to the chemistry and physics of solids that acts as a foundation to courses in materials science, engineering, chemistry, and physics. It is equally accessible to both engineers and scientists, through its more scientific approach, whilst still covering the material essential to engineers. This edition contains new sections on the use of computing methods to solve materials problems and has been thoroughly updated to include the many developments and advances made in the past 10 years, e.g. batteries, solar cells, lighting technology, lasers, graphene and graphene electronics, carbon nanotubes, and the Fukashima nuclear disaster. The book is carefully structured into self-contained bite-sized chapters to enhance student understanding and questions have been designed to reinforce the concepts presented. The supplementary website includes Powerpoint slides and a host of additional problems and solutions.

The second edition of a modern introduction to the chemistry and physics of solids. This textbook takes a unique integrated approach designed to appeal to both science and engineering students. Review of 1st edition “an extremely wide-ranging, useful book that is accessible to anyone with a firm grasp of high school science…this is an outstanding and affordable resource for the lifelong learner or current student.” Choice, 2005 The book provides an introduction to the chemistry and physics of solids that acts as a foundation to courses in materials science, engineering, chemistry, and physics. It is equally accessible to both engineers and scientists, through its more scientific approach, whilst still covering the material essential to engineers. This edition contains new sections on the use of computing methods to solve materials problems and has been thoroughly updated to include the many developments and advances made in the past 10 years, e.g. batteries, solar cells, lighting technology, lasers, graphene and graphene electronics, carbon nanotubes, and the Fukashima nuclear disaster. The book is carefully structured into self-contained bite-sized chapters to enhance student understanding and questions have been designed to reinforce the concepts presented. The supplementary website includes Powerpoint slides and a host of additional problems and solutions.

Silicon Carbide – this easy to manufacture compound of silicon and carbon is said to be THE emerging material for applications in electronics. High thermal conductivity, high electric field breakdown strength and high maximum current density make it most promising for high-powered semiconductor devices. Apart from applications in power electronics, sensors, and NEMS, SiC has recently gained new interest as a substrate material for the manufacture of controlled graphene. SiC and graphene research is oriented towards end markets and has high impact on areas of rapidly growing interest like electric vehicles. This volume is devoted to high power devices products and their challenges in industrial application. Readers will benefit from reports on development and reliability aspects of Schottky barrier diodes, advantages of SiC power MOSFETs, or SiC sensors. The authors discuss MEMS and NEMS as SiC-based electronics for automotive industry as well as SiC-based circuit elements for high temperature applications, and the application of transistors in PV-inverters. The list of contributors reads like a «Who's Who» of the SiC community, strongly benefiting from collaborations between research institutions and enterprises active in SiC crystal growth and device development. Among the former are CREE Inc. and Fraunhofer ISE, while the industry is represented by Toshiba, Nissan, Infineon, NASA, Naval Research Lab, and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, to name but a few.

This book prestigiously covers our current understanding of SiC as a semiconductor material in electronics. Its physical properties make it more promising for high-powered devices than silicon. The volume is devoted to the material and covers methods of epitaxial and bulk growth. Identification and characterization of defects is discussed in detail. The contributions help the reader to develop a deeper understanding of defects by combining theoretical and experimental approaches. Apart from applications in power electronics, sensors, and NEMS, SiC has recently gained new interest as a substrate material for the manufacture of controlled graphene. SiC and graphene research is oriented towards end markets and has high impact on areas of rapidly growing interest like electric vehicles. The list of contributors reads like a «Who's Who» of the SiC community, strongly benefiting from collaborations between research institutions and enterprises active in SiC crystal growth and device development.

Brings novel insights to a vibrant research area with high application potential?covering materials, physics, architecture, and integration aspects of future generation CMOS electronics technology Over the last four decades we have seen tremendous growth in semiconductor electronics. This growth has been fueled by the matured complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This comprehensive book captures the novel device options in CMOS technology that can be realized using non-silicon semiconductors. It discusses germanium, III-V materials, carbon nanotubes and graphene as semiconducting materials for three-dimensional field-effect transistors. It also covers non-conventional materials such as nanowires and nanotubes. Additionally, nanoelectromechanical switches-based mechanical relays and wide bandgap semiconductor-based terahertz electronics are reviewed as essential add-on electronics for enhanced communication and computational capabilities. Advanced Nanoelectronics: Post-Silicon Materials and Devices begins with a discussion of the future of CMOS. It continues with comprehensive chapter coverage of: nanowire field effect transistors; two-dimensional materials for electronic applications; the challenges and breakthroughs of the integration of germanium into modern CMOS; carbon nanotube logic technology; tunnel field effect transistors; energy efficient computing with negative capacitance; spin-based devices for logic, memory and non-Boolean architectures; and terahertz properties and applications of GaN. -Puts forward novel approaches for future, state-of-the-art, nanoelectronic devices -Discusses emerging materials and architectures such as alternate channel material like germanium, gallium nitride, 1D nanowires/tubes, 2D graphene, and other dichalcogenide materials and ferroelectrics -Examines new physics such as spintronics, negative capacitance, quantum computing, and 3D-IC technology -Brings together the latest developments in the field for easy reference -Enables academic and R&D researchers in semiconductors to «think outside the box» and explore beyond silica An important resource for future generation CMOS electronics technology, Advanced Nanoelectronics: Post-Silicon Materials and Devices will appeal to materials scientists, semiconductor physicists, semiconductor industry, and electrical engineers.

The theory, methods, and practices needed to build molecules and supramolecular systems Using a synthetic approach to organic materials chemistry, this book sets forth tested and proven methods and practices that make it possible to engineer organic molecules offering special properties and functions. Throughout the book, plenty of real-world examples demonstrate the countless possibilities of creating one-of-a-kind molecules and supramolecular systems to support a broad range of applications. The book explores applications in both materials and bioorganic chemistry, including molecular electronics, energy storage, sensors, nanomedicine, and enzyme engineering. Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering consists of fourteen chapters, each one contributed by one or more leading international experts in the field. The contributions are based on a thorough review and analysis of the current literature as well as the authors' firsthand experience in the lab engineering new organic molecules. Designed as a practical lab reference, the book offers: Tested and proven synthetic approaches to organic materials chemistry Methods and practices to successfully engineer functionality into organic molecules Explanations of the principles and concepts underlying self-assembly and supramolecular chemistry Guidance in selecting appropriate structural units used in the design and synthesis of functional molecules and materials Coverage of the full range of applications in materials and bioorganic chemistry A full chapter on graphene, a new topic generating intense research Organic Synthesis and Molecular Engineering begins with core concepts, molecular building blocks, and synthetic tools. Next, it explores molecular electronics, supramolecular chemistry and self-assembly, graphene, and photoresponsive materials engineering. In short, it offers everything researchers need to fully grasp the underlying theory and then build new molecules and supramolecular systems.

The first reference on this emerging interdisciplinary research area at the interface between materials science and biomedicine is written by pioneers in the field, who address the requirements, current status and future challenges. Focusing on inherently conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes and graphene, they adopt a systematic approach, covering all relevant aspects and concepts: synthesis and fabrication, properties, introduction of biological function, components of bionic devices and materials requirements. Established bionic devices, such as the bionic ear are examined, as are emerging areas of application, including use of organic bionic materials as conduits for bone re-growth, spinal cord injury repair and muscle regeneration. The whole is rounded off with a look at future prospects in sustainable energy generation and storage. Invaluable reading for materials scientists, polymer chemists, electrotechnicians, chemists, biologists, and bioengineers.

A concise and practical overview of the most important modern synthetic aspects of conjugated polymers and carbon materials, including their properties and applications. Well structured, this book summarizes recent achievements, outlines the current state and reviews research trends. As such, a wide variety of polymerization techniques are included on both a strategic as well as a practical level, including Stille, Suzuki , and direct (hetero)arylation polymerizations. Furthermore, it covers various carbon-rich materials, such as graphene and carbon nanotubes, followed by a look at how the different synthetic pathways and strategies influence their final properties, for example, for use in organic electronic devices. The whole is rounded off with a discussion of future technology advances. An essential reference for newcomers as well as experienced researchers in the field.

Written by the most prominent experts and pioneers in the field, this ready reference combines fundamental research, recent breakthroughs and real-life applications in one well-organized treatise. As such, both newcomers and established researchers will find here a wide range of current methods for producing and characterizing carbon nanotubes using imaging as well as spectroscopic techniques. One major part of this thorough overview is devoted to the controlled chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes, covering intriguing applications in photovoltaics, organic electronics and materials design. The latest research on novel carbon-derived structures, such as graphene, nanoonions and carbon pea pods, round off the book.

Providing an eclectic snapshot of the current state of the art and future implications of the field, Nanomaterials, Polymers, and Devices: Materials Functionalization and Device Fabrication presents topics grouped into three categorical focuses: The synthesis, mechanism and functionalization of nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, silica, and quantum dots Various functional devices which properties and structures are tailored with emphasis on nanofabrication. Among discussed are light emitting diodes, nanophotonic, nano-optical, and photovoltaic devices Nanoelectronic devices, which include semiconductor, nanotube and nanowire-based electronics, single-walled carbon-nanotube based nanoelectronics, as well as thin-film transistors

During the last decade, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes have attracted special interest as new nanocarbons with novel properties. Because of their hollow caged structure, they can be used as containers for atoms and molecules, and nanotubes can be used as miniature test-tubes. Chemistry of Nanocarbons presents the most up-to-date research on chemical aspects of nanometer-sized forms of carbon, with emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and nanohorns. All modern chemical aspects are mentioned, including noncovalent interactions, supramolecular assembly, dendrimers, nanocomposites, chirality, nanodevices, host-guest interactions, endohedral fullerenes, magnetic resonance imaging, nanodiamond particles and graphene. The book covers experimental and theoretical aspects of nanocarbons, as well as their uses and potential applications, ranging from molecular electronics to biology and medicine.

A must-have textbook for any undergraduate studying solid state physics. This successful brief course in solid state physics is now in its second edition. The clear and concise introduction not only describes all the basic phenomena and concepts, but also such advanced issues as magnetism and superconductivity. Each section starts with a gentle introduction, covering basic principles, progressing to a more advanced level in order to present a comprehensive overview of the subject. The book is providing qualitative discussions that help undergraduates understand concepts even if they can?t follow all the mathematical detail. The revised edition has been carefully updated to present an up-to-date account of the essential topics and recent developments in this exciting field of physics. The coverage now includes ground-breaking materials with high relevance for applications in communication and energy, like graphene and topological insulators, as well as transparent conductors. The text assumes only basic mathematical knowledge on the part of the reader and includes more than 100 discussion questions and some 70 problems, with solutions free to lecturers from the Wiley-VCH website. The author's webpage provides Online Notes on x-ray scattering, elastic constants, the quantum Hall effect, tight binding model, atomic magnetism, and topological insulators. This new edition includes the following updates and new features: * Expanded coverage of mechanical properties of solids, including an improved discussion of the yield stress * Crystal structure, mechanical properties, and band structure of graphene * The coverage of electronic properties of metals is expanded by a section on the quantum hall effect including exercises. New topics include the tight-binding model and an expanded discussion on Bloch waves. * With respect to semiconductors, the discussion of solar cells has been extended and improved. * Revised coverage of magnetism, with additional material on atomic magnetism * More extensive treatment of finite solids and nanostructures, now including topological insulators * Recommendations for further reading have been updated and increased. * New exercises on Hall mobility, light penetrating metals, band structure

Discusses the basic physical principles underlying the science and technology of nanophotonics, its materials and structures This volume presents nanophotonic structures and Materials. Nanophotonics is photonic science and technology that utilizes light/matter interactions on the nanoscale where researchers are discovering new phenomena and developing techniques that go well beyond what is possible with conventional photonics and electronics.The topics discussed in this volume are: Cavity Photonics; Cold Atoms and Bose-Einstein Condensates; Displays; E-paper; Graphene; Integrated Photonics; Liquid Crystals; Metamaterials; Micro-and Nanostructure Fabrication; Nanomaterials; Nanotubes; Plasmonics; Quantum Dots; Spintronics; Thin Film Optics Comprehensive and accessible coverage of the whole of modern photonics Emphasizes processes and applications that specifically exploit photon attributes of light Deals with the rapidly advancing area of modern optics Chapters are written by top scientists in their field Written for the graduate level student in physical sciences; Industrial and academic researchers in photonics, graduate students in the area; College lecturers, educators, policymakers, consultants, Scientific and technical libraries, government laboratories, NIH.

The subject of advanced materials in catalysisbrings together recent advancements in materials synthesis and technologies to the design of novel and smart catalysts used in the field of catalysis. Nanomaterials in general show an important role in chemical processing as adsorbents, catalysts, catalyst supports and membranes, and form the basis of cutting-edge technology because of their unique structural and surface properties. Advanced Catalytic Materials is written by a distinguished group of contributors and the chapters provide comprehensive coverage of the current literature, up-to-date overviews of all aspects of advanced materials in catalysis, and present the skills needed for designing and synthesizing advanced materials. The book also showcases many topics concerning the fast-developing area of materials for catalysis and their emerging applications. The book is divided into three parts: Nanocatalysts – Architecture and Design; Organic and Inorganic Catalytic Transformations; and Functional Catalysis: Fundamentals and Applications. Specifically, the chapters discuss the following subjects: Environmental applications of multifunctional nanocomposite catalytic materials Transformation of nanostructured functional precursors using soft chemistry Graphenes in heterogeneous catalysis Gold nanoparticles-graphene composites material for catalytic application Hydrogen generation from chemical hydrides Ring-opening polymerization of poly(lactic acid) Catalytic performance of metal alkoxides Cycloaddition of CO2 and epoxides over reusable solid catalysts Biomass derived fine chemicals using catalytic metal bio-composites Homoleptic metal carbonyls in organic transformation Zeolites: smart materials for novel, efficient, and versatile catalysis Optimizing zeolitic catalysis for environmental remediation

A comprehensive look at the most widely employed carbon-based electrode materials and the numerous electroanalytical applications associated with them. A valuable reference for the emerging age of carbon-based electronics and electrochemistry, this book discusses diverse applications for nanocarbon materials in electrochemical sensing. It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the different nanocarbon materials currently used for electroanalysis, covering the electrochemical sensing of small-sized molecules, such as metal ions and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), as well as large biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, enzymes and proteins. A comprehensive look at state-of-the-art applications for nanocarbon materials in electrochemical sensors Emphasizes the relationship between the carbon structures and surface chemistry, and electrochemical performance Covers a wide array of carbon nanomaterials, including nanocarbon films, carbon nanofibers, graphene, diamond nanostructures, and carbon-dots Edited by internationally renowned experts in the field with contributions from researchers at the cutting edge of nanocarbon electroanalysis Nanocarbons for Electroanalysis is a valuable working resource for all chemists and materials scientists working on carbon based-nanomaterials and electrochemical sensors. It also belongs on the reference shelves of academic researchers and industrial scientists in the fields of nanochemistry and nanomaterials, materials chemistry, material science, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, and biochemistry.

Surface science has evolved from being a sub-field of chemistry or physics, and has now established itself as an interdisciplinary topic. Knowledge has developed sufficiently that we can now understand catalysis from a surface science perspective. No-where is the underpinning nature of surface science better illustrated than with nanoscience. Now in its third edition, this successful textbook aims to provide students with an understanding of chemical transformations and the formation of structures at surfaces. The chapters build from simple to more advanced principles with each featuring exercises, which act not only to demonstrate concepts arising in the text but also to form an integral part of the book, with the last eight chapters featuring worked solutions. This completely revised and expanded edition features: More than 100 new pages of extensive worked solutions New topics, including: Second harmonic generation (SHG), Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) at interfaces and capillary waves An expanded treatment of charge transfer and carbon-based materials including graphene Extended ‘Frontiers and Challenges’ sections at the end of each chapter. This text is suitable for all students taking courses in surface science in Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, as well as for researchers and professionals requiring an up-to-date review of the subject.

This third volume in the Advanced Nanocarbon Materials series covers the topic of flexible electronics both from a materials and an applications perspective. Comprehensive in its scope, the monograph examines organic, inorganic and composite materials with a section devoted to carbon-based materials with a special focus on the generation and properties of 2D materials. It also presents carbon modifications and derivatives, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide and diamonds. In terms of the topical applications covered these include, but are not limited to, flexible displays, organic electronics, transistors, integrated circuits, semiconductors and solar cells. These offer perspectives for today?s energy and healthcare challenges, such as electrochemical energy storage and wearable devices. Finally, a section on fundamental properties and characterization approaches of flexible electronics rounds off the book. Each contribution points out the importance of the structure-function relationship for the target-oriented fabrication of electronic devices, enabling the design of complex components.

Nanomaterials are defined as materials in which at least one length dimension is below 100 nanometers. In this size regime, these materials exhibit particular – and tunable – optical, electrical or mechanical properties that are not present at the macro-scale. This opens up the possibility for a plethora of applications at the interface of materials, chemistry, physics and biology, many of which have already entered the commercial realm. When nanomaterials are blended with other materials not necessarily in the nanometer regime, the resulting nanocomposites can exhibit dramatically different properties than the bulk material alone, leading to an enhanced performance in terms of, for example, increased thermal and mechanical stability. This book presents the synthesis, characterization and applications of nanomaterials and nanocomposites, covering zero-dimensional, elemental nanoparticles, one-dimensional materials such as nanorods and nanowhiskers, two-dimensional materials such as graphene and boron nitride as well as three-dimensional materials such as fullerenes, polyhedral oligomers and zeolites, complemented by bio-based nanomaterials, e.g., cellulose, chitin, starch and proteins. Introductory chapters on the state-of-the-art of nanomaterial research and the chemistry and physics in nanoscience and nanotechnology round off the book.

The book sets the standard on carbon materials for electrode design. For the first time, the leading experts in this field summarize the preparation techniques and specific characteristics together with established and potential applications of the different types of carbon-based electrodes. An introductory chapter on the properties of carbon together with chapters on the electrochemical characteristics and properties of the different modifications of carbon such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fiber, diamond or highly ordered pyrolytic graphite provide the reader with the basics on this fascinating and ubiquitous electrode material. Cutting-edge technologies such as carbon electrodes in efficient supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries and fuel cells, or electrodes prepared by screen-printing are discussed, giving a complete but concise overview about the topic. The clearly structured book helps newcomers to grasp easily the principles of carbon-based electrodes, while researchers in fundamental and applied electrochemistry will find new ideas for further research on related key technologies.

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Brings novel insights to a vibrant research area with high application potential?covering materials, physics, architecture, and integration aspects of future generation CMOS electronics technology Over the last four decades we have seen tremendous growth in semiconductor electronics. This growth has been fueled by the matured complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This comprehensive book captures the novel device options in CMOS technology that can be realized using non-silicon semiconductors. It discusses germanium, III-V materials, carbon nanotubes and graphene as semiconducting materials for three-dimensional field-effect transistors. It also covers non-conventional materials such as nanowires and nanotubes. Additionally, nanoelectromechanical switches-based mechanical relays and wide bandgap semiconductor-based terahertz electronics are reviewed as essential add-on electronics for enhanced communication and computational capabilities. Advanced Nanoelectronics: Post-Silicon Materials and Devices begins with a discussion of the future of CMOS. It continues with comprehensive chapter coverage of: nanowire field effect transistors; two-dimensional materials for electronic applications; the challenges and breakthroughs of the integration of germanium into modern CMOS; carbon nanotube logic technology; tunnel field effect transistors; energy efficient computing with negative capacitance; spin-based devices for logic, memory and non-Boolean architectures; and terahertz properties and applications of GaN. -Puts forward novel approaches for future, state-of-the-art, nanoelectronic devices -Discusses emerging materials and architectures such as alternate channel material like germanium, gallium nitride, 1D nanowires/tubes, 2D graphene, and other dichalcogenide materials and ferroelectrics -Examines new physics such as spintronics, negative capacitance, quantum computing, and 3D-IC technology -Brings together the latest developments in the field for easy reference -Enables academic and R&D researchers in semiconductors to «think outside the box» and explore beyond silica An important resource for future generation CMOS electronics technology, Advanced Nanoelectronics: Post-Silicon Materials and Devices will appeal to materials scientists, semiconductor physicists, semiconductor industry, and electrical engineers.