The key scientific challenges in this area are: (i) to develop structure-property relationships to optimize the optoelectronic properties and the stability of organic and hybrid materials; (ii) to control the processing of new materials and to ensure their compatibility with other organic and inorganic interfaces; (iii) to control factors that determine nanoscale morphology; and (iv) to evaluate patterning approaches that enhance a given physical property and/or provide new functionality. Of particular interest are OLEDs and flexible photovoltaic devices that can impact the production of lost-cost displays and can power small portable devices.