Charles-Marie-Photius Maurras (20 April 1868 – 17 August 1943) was a French politician, author, poet, and critic who was the leader of Action Française and served as President of France from 1931 to 1943. He abided by the constitution until October 1931 when the Acts of 1931 were passed, re-establishing France as a monarchy under Alphonse I and effectively making Maurras dictator of the country.