The French Revolution
Part 1: Comprehension Questions 1. Describe the social compositions of the sans culottes. The Sans culottes were a prominent political group with a vigilance against counter-revolutionaries and being the first working class group that incorporates a political stance and a social condition. Their peak of influence in 1792-1795 made them a popular social composition. Supporting the bloody ‘Reign of Terror’ the Sans Culottes become a crowd shifting with strength. 2. Why did the sans-culottes remain discontented after the 1789 revolutions? The Sans Culottes being the prominent losers of the first subtle revolution. Causing the middle class and the wealthy classes to benefit greatly from the revolution, the sans-culottes however suffered with the disappearance of their livelihood. Noticing that the inflation was driving them to fight for survival they become displeased and their views and action drove the more radical revolution. 3. Who were the real beneficiaries of the 1789 revolutions? The National Constituent Assembly completed the abolition of feudalism, suppressed the old “orders,” established civil equality among men this consequences in the working class specifically farmers Purchasing land. The upper class of France also benefited as deputies took over the monarchy. 4. who were the main leaders and advocates of the reign of terror The initial leader at the time of the Reign of Terror was Maximilien Robespierre however incite of the conflict between rival political factions the advocacies were the Girondins and the Jacobin’s. As the Jacobin’s gained control of the committee of public safety and Robespierre made his entrance quickly become the most influential member of the committee as it moved to take radical measures against the revolutions domestic and foreign enemies. 5. What threat was posed by émigrés and foreign states from 1791? There was concern among the French that the émigrés would return at the head of foreign armies. This fear was only enforced by the Declaration of Pullnitz on August 24th 1791 by Austria and Prussia. Therefore the fate of the King of France was a matter of shared interest among European monarchs. 6. How did the Jacobins and Cordeliers gain popular support from 1791? Jacobins and Cordeliers distrustful of King, wanting greater democracy in France, and then gained support from sans-culottes and Paris sections 7. What threat was posed by counter-revolution?

When war went bad prices rose messing with the economy and the sans-culottes the poor labourers and radical Jacobins rioted causing the counter-revolutionary activities began in some regions. The threat of a counter-revolution led by King Louis XVI (r. 1774-92) resulted in further escalations of violence. 8. How was the government of France changed in August 1792? By fleeing the country the king had showed he did not agree with the new National Assembly Government and therefore would not support the new democratic changes, Consequently the government had to be changed.

9. Why was the king guillotined in January 1793?Due the proposed real and imagined threats at home and abroad, French revolutionaries put King Louis XVI on trial and executed him on January 21, 1793. 10. How did the Jacobins gain power in the national convention, May-June 1793? Due to the input of the Jacobin constitution of 1793 being passed by the convention .it provided the Jacobins with the power the elect a Model frame work for an egalitarian, democratic republic. 11. In what ways was the Jacobins constitution of June 1793 more democratic than the 1791 constitution? The primary task of the constitution of 1973 was to draft a new republican constitution. However the 1791 constitution was to be one of the basic precepts of the revolution to adopt constitutionally and establish sovereignty in the steps of the United States of America. The Jacobin constitution was more democratic in the way in which the...

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...The immediate bloody aftermath , was a product of social, economic, and political forces. The spirit of idealism that gripped France during the early phases of the Revolution gave way to mass paranoia and extremism, culminating in Robespierre's cruel regime. In the beginning of the FrenchRevolution, Enlightenment of the FrenchRevolution, known as the Reign of Terrorphilosophy seemed like a panacea for societal woes. Prominent philosophers like Rousseau, Voltaire, and Diderot contributed to a new mentality in France, one which instigated the mass revolt that caused the storming of the Bastille. The causes for the Reign of Terror in the 1790s cannot be isolated without examining first the leading causes of the FrenchRevolution.
Under the Reign of King Louis the XIV, France still maintained a basically feudalistic society in which the monarch ruled with divine and absolute authority. This "ancien regime" had persisted for centuries throughout Europe. A stratified social class structure dominated French culture and politics. The privileged classes, including the clergy and the nobility, were exempt from most of the taxes passed on to the poorest rungs of French society: the farmers, the common laborers, and the peasants. This system obviously benefited the wealthy, upper classes of...

...Criticism of the Reign of Terror
The Reign of Terror' was the name given to the actions of the Committee of Public Safety' from the years between 1791-1794. Their actions can be justified, but can hold just as much criticism along with it. In my opinion, there could have been better ways to move the revolution along and the Reign of Terror' should have never happened.
After theFrenchRevolution, Edmund Burke from Great Britain became one of the most famous critics of the Revolution. Burke made a speech in which he laments the death of the queen of France, Marie Antoinette, and the passing of an era. He noted that the FrenchRevolution proved that the age of chivalry is forever passed. This points out one of the criticisms of the Committee of Public Safety;' they do not show the courtesy of rank and sex in the executions of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette.#
Burke refers to when he met Marie Antoinette saying she was full of life, splendor, and joy. How could anyone execute her without any emotion? It was very surprising that something like that could happen in a nation of gallant men.#
Though Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette had become corrupt with power, it was inexcusable to execute them. They were losing favor with the people of France, but they were the king and queen; they should have...

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CAUSES OF THE FRENCHREVOLUTION
1.
Describe the leadership of Louis XVI (16th) of France.
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indecisive leader/ easily persuaded
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put off financial problems.
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French support for the colonists in the American War of Independence had brought the country to the verge of bankruptcy
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agreed to summon the 'estates­general' (a form of parliament, but without real power) in order to try and raise taxes.
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people were angered by Louis' refusal to allow the three estates ­ the first (clergy), second (nobles) and third (commons) ­ to
meet simultaneously, the Third Estate proclaimed itself a national assembly, declaring that only it had the right to represent the
nation.
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king intended to suppress the assembly provoked the popular storming of the Bastille prison
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attempted to escape,considered proof of treason
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forced to accept a new constitution, thereby establishing a constitutional monarchy.
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executed at the guillotine on 21 January 1793
1. Describe the lifestyle and habits of Marie Antoinette.
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accusations of frivolity, extravagance and scandalous behaviour
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discredited the monarchy
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Spent most of her time with her stylists and getting her hair done
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Spent so much money in gambling and things
3.
Which war drove France into debt?
The French and Indian war (seven years war)
4.
What other factors made life difficult for the French people in...

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The Reign of Terror: Was It Justified?
The Reign of Terror started in 1789 and was a time when supporters of the FrenchRevolution ran wild and started killing non-supporters or counterrevolutionaries. The French held a ceremony if you will, in Paris for the execution of King Louis XVI on January 21, 1793. This was because Louis was having financial, and harvest issues. In June of 1789 King Louis called the Estates Meeting to discuss taxes and money problems. Then some men disliked what Louis was talking about so they stormed out and filed into a tennis court, and vowed not to leave until they created a new constitution. On August 26 “The Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen” was signed and put into action. Not everyone was in favor of this new constitution though. Neighboring countries and the catholic church disliked it because they feared a spread of a revolution and they lost power/property. To deal with their opposition of the “Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen” they wanted to become more “radical”. They were led by chief-prosecutor Robespierre, who found King Louis XVI guilty of crimes against state/treason, and was executed (Doc A), therefore connecting all of these events. Although it helped the government by getting rid of Louis XVI, The Reign of Terror was unjustified because it took away freedom of...

...What was the purpose of The Terror?
The Frenchrevolution which began in 1789 and lasted until the fall of Robespierre in July 1794 is known by many for its violence while seeking social and political change, primarily during The Terror.
The Terror, otherwise known as the ‘Reign of Terror’ was implemented on the 5th September 1793 and lasted until the fall of Maximilien Robespierre on the 28th July 1794. The purpose of the Terror was to for the revolutionary governments to consolidate power by violently repressing internal discontent, by defeating the foreign powers and by building an army to serve the above purposes.
The revolution saw that the monarch be overthrown and feudalism abolished in the interests of the majority. Surrounding countries mainly Prussia, Austria and later Britain who were ruled by absolute monarchies viewed the uprising as a threat to their power and intervened with the use of military force. It was not only foreign powers to oppose the revolution, but also the clergy, nobility and others who had benefited from feudalism.
The Terror began on the 5th September after the initial onset of the FrenchRevolution. Shortly after The Terror began, The Law of Suspects was introduced on the 17th September 1793. Its main purpose was to authorise the...

...Shaleen
The Reign Of Terror
The Reign of Terror, also known just as “The Terror”, was a brief period of time in the FrenchRevolution full of complete disaster and bloodshed. Over 20,000 people were “officially” executed, while many died in jail, due to many causes, mainly consisting of an organization (Mythyloke; Britannica.com).
On September 5th of 1793, the Revolutionary Government of France decided to make “ Terror” the order of the day and to take severe actions against those suspected of being enemies:
"It is time that equality bore its scythe above all heads. It is time to horrify all the conspirators. So legislators, place Terror on the order of the day! Let us be in revolution, because everywhere counter-revolution is being woven by our enemies. The blade of the law should hover over all the guilty." (TellingIt ; History.com )
In Paris specifically, more than 3000 people were executed by a process known as guillotine. Although it was not made by ahim, the guillotine process was introduced in France by Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotine. The main idea was that it was a quick way for all condemned prisoners to be punished with ( Britannica.com ; Mytholyoke)
It has been widely debated by many historians the reasons why the FrenchRevolution took such a radical turn during the...

...The Reign of Terror throughout France had a significant contribution to the FrenchRevolution. Between the years of 1792  1795, France experienced highly dramatic political, social and economic changes.
The FrenchRevolution began when the most privileged class of France, the aristocracy, tried to resist reforms attempted by the government. The Terror was instigated and carried out by a coalition of Jacobins and sans-culottes. Among the most important leaders of those who encouraged and administered the Terror were Maximilien Robespierre, Louis Saint-Just, Jean Paul Marat, Jaques-Rene Hebert, Jaques Roux and Georges Danton. Robespierre was among the radical Jacobins and he opposed the idea of a war against the kings of Europe, arguing, "War would not create revolutions abroad but would lead to a military dictatorship in France." The Jacobins lost this argument resulting in the first stage of the radical revolution as France declared war on Austria, on 20 April 1792. Despite Robespierre's objections to the war, it was the Jacobins who gained from it politically. France was soon in a state of crisis with beliefs that the Queen, Marie Antoinette, was plotting with Austria to restore the absolute monarchy.
By August 1792 the constitutional monarchy was replaced with a republic. Determination grew among the poorer citizens to be in...

...Calvin Jones
11/14/12
The FrenchRevolution
Throughout history the frenchrevolution led an extreme impact on the french society even till this day. There were many causes for the frenchrevolution but the 2 things that mostly fed into it were the unfairness of the first and second estate and the crude treatment that the two gave to the third estates. Due to Louise XVI's absolute monarchy he had complete power over the french government and people making it harder for the lives of the third estate until the national assembly got involved restricting Louis's power to a limited monarchy, although he was still powerful enough to delay new laws. Since Louis misused his power some of the people took it upon themselves to make things right. Its was difficult for Louis to rule since he was bored with affairs of the government so it caused France to nearly go bankrupt.
The first and second estates were heavily unequal to the citizens (third estate) even since the middle ages. a great amount to all of the power and wealth was with the nobility and the clergy. the peasants had to pay most of the taxes and had little to no political, social, or economic rights. the reasons for the frenchrevolution for many years. the first estate...