BIO 116 Ch. 3

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Which cells does HIV target?

white blood cells

What makes up blood? (2 things)

liquid and cellular components

What are your blood vessels?

arteries, veins, and capillaries

What is blood responsible for?

deliver food and oxygen to tissues

remove CO2 and other wastes from tissues

send clotting factors to wound sites

send immune system cells and antibodies to wound site

What is the fluid part of blood called?

plasma

What is the fluid part of blood responsible for?

fighting pathogens, including cancer

What does the heart do?

pump blood to move it around the body

Arteries:

carry the oxygenated, nutrient rich blood from the heart to your tissues

capillaries:

responsible for the diffusion or passive movement of oxygen and nutrients into the tissue AND movement of CO2 and other waste from tissues

What makes capillary's job so easy?

it's much thinner than arteries or veins

What happens under your skin when you get a bruise?

you have broken some capillaries in that area and blood collects there until it's healed

What do veins do?

return deoxygenated, nutrient depleted blood back to the heart

Where are blood cells made?

bone marrow from stem cells

Where is the most active bone marrow in an adult?

thick bones like femur or tibia

What do red blood cells do?

carry oxygen to tissues and carbon dioxide away from tissues

What do white blood cells do?

carry out immune system functions

What makes red blood cells RED and what does it do?

hemoglobin protein; binds it to oxygen

Which white blood cell isn't involved in the immune system? Why?

megakaryocyte; because it does platelet info

What are the specific response white blood cells called?

bind to pathogens and either signal other immune cells to help locating the pathogen or they can disable the pathogen preventing them from further progress through the body and also limiting their functions

What are the non-specific response white blood cells called? (4 of them)

phagocytes, mast cells, eosinophils, and natural killer cells

Phagocytosis:

"cell-eating"

What do macrophages eat?

virus-infected cells found in tissue and blood

What do neutrophils eat?

bacteria-infected cells in the blood

What do mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils do to destroy larger organisms together?

release toxins onto/into the organism

What are B-lymphocytes responsible for?

the production of antibodies (think B for Bone marrow)

What do antibodies do?

bind to pathogens and either signal other immune cells to help locate the pathogen or disable the pathogen from further progress through the body and limiting their functions

antigens:

distinguishing characteristics on the surface of the pathogen

What do T-cytotoxic cells destroy? What is their protein marker called?