Definition

Volatility describes how easily a substance will vaporize (turn into a gas or vapor).

A volatile substance can be defined as (1) a substance that evaporates readily at normal temperatures and/or (2) one that has a measurable vapor pressure.

The term volatile usually applies to liquids. However, some solid materials can change directly from solid to vapor without ever becoming liquid, a process called sublimation.

The rate at which a substance vaporizes (volatilizes) under a fixed set of conditions is called the evaporation rate.

Additional Info

As the temperature is raised, substances become more volatile (vaporize more easily). This behavior can be exploited to purify materials by distillation (see Further Reading below). However, the greater the concentration of a flammable or toxic vapor, the greater the likelihood of an explosion or accidental poisoning.

To reduce the risks associated with volatile materials, always use caution when heating them and avoid storing such materials in hot or sunny locations. Use code-approved storage such as solvent safety cans and flammable liquid storage cabinets which can reduce the likelihood and effect of a catastrophic fire.

MSDS Relevance

This term usually appears on MSDS of materials that have a high vapor pressure. Depending on its vapor pressure, a volatile substance can easily form a significant concentration of vapor, especially in an enclosed space. If that vapor is flammable, a fire or explosion could result.

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