Slides in this set

Slide 1

Slide 2

Hard Water· Hard water contains dissolved compounds, usually of calcium or magnesium. These compounds are dissolved when water comes into contact with rocks.· Hard Water reacts with soap to form scum and so more soap is needed to form lather.…read more

Slide 3

How to reduce scum in a hard water area· Scum is formed by precipitation of insoluble metal salts found as an acid form in soap, (sodium stearate), and hard water, (calcium and magnesium).· Soap less detergents do not form scum as there are no stearate ions to react with the dissolved metal ions in water.…read more

Slide 4

Soft Water· Soft water contains a few or even none ion compounds.· Therefore, soft water readily forms a lather with soap.…read more

Slide 5

Hardness of Water and Scale· Permanent hard water remains hard when it is boiled.· Temporary hard water is softened by boiling.· When temporary hard water is heated it can produce scale that reduces the efficiency of heating systems.…read more

Slide 6

Water Softening· Permanent hard water is softened by removing the dissolved calcium and magnesium ions.· Temporary hard water can be softened by simply boiling it.· Both types can also be softened using an ion- exchange column.…read more