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Guest: Paul Turner. Topics: Paul Turner talks about his book “The Space Trade” and how to develop real estate in orbit. Please direct all comments and questions regarding Space Show programs/guest(s) to the Space Show blog, https://thespaceshow.wordpress.com. Comments and questions should be relevant to the specific Space Show program. Written Transcripts of Space Show programs are a violation of our copyright and are not permitted without prior written consent, even if for your own use. We do not permit the commercial use of Space Show programs or any part thereof, nor do we permit editing, YouTube clips, or clips placed on other private channels & websites. Space Show programs can be quoted, but the quote must be cited or referenced using the proper citation format. Contact The Space Show for further information. In addition, please remember that your Amazon purchases can help support The Space Show/OGLF. See http://www.onegiantleapfoundation.org/amazon.htm. For those listening to archives using live365.com and rating the programs, please email me as to why you assign a specific rating to the show. This will help me bring better programming to the audience.

We welcomed Paul Turner to the show to discuss his new book “The Space Trade” and his concept for developing orbital real estate for profit. Visit his website for more information, http://www.thespacetrade.com. In the first segment of our 1 hour 55 minute show, Paul introduced us to The Space Trade idea. He first described what the mature space trade industry would look like, then he talked about how to develop a space trade. He suggested the space trade would likely start with asteroid mining and he referenced Planetary Resources multiple times during our discussion. He also mentioned the need for an orbital transfer vehicle and a spin ship which he described later in the discussion. He talked about mining water and bring it back to LEO. He recalled he had seen a suggested price for water at $50 million/ton in LEO which he said was on the Planetary Resources website at one time. Later in the segment, this price was disputed by several listeners. Listeners asked questions about the potential profitability of the space trade early stage since Paul thought it might not be profitable at the start. Another early industry suggested by Paul was the servicing and refueling of satellites. Joe then asked if a proof of concept could be applied to capturing small asteroids near Earth and bringing them back to Earth targeting their re-entry to land in Australia somewhere. Paul said it was possible and it was important to have a proof of concept for people to see. John from Ft. Worth called to inquire about space manufacturing. Paul had much to say about this part of his concept.

In the second segment, a listener asked about property rights and the national as well as international legal regime to make possible the space trade. JP emailed in about manned vs. unmanned asteroid mining. Benny asked Paul to describe a spin ship. Later Robert inquired if lunar development might be the starting point for the space trade industry rather than asteroid mining. Listeners asked Paul many other questions including one about why establishing a space trade was important. Paul referred us to chapter 12.1 of his book but he did mention a few of the reasons. Later, he talked about the Carrington Event. I asked him what our TRL was for getting the space trade going and he said we could start today. Don’t miss what he had to say about this. In closing comments, he advocated doing something rather than just talking about it. Pooley then called to talk about DIY space plus they discussed the old Conestoga project and JP emailed in on that as well.

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Guest: Dr. Martin Elvis. Topics: Asteroid mining, commercial space, NASA. Please direct all comments and questions regarding Space Show programs/guest(s) to the Space Show blog, https://thespaceshow.wordpress.com. Comments and questions should be relevant to the specific Space Show program. Written Transcripts of Space Show programs are a violation of our copyright and are not permitted without prior written consent, even if for your own use. We do not permit the commercial use of Space Show programs or any part thereof, nor do we permit editing, YouTube clips, or clips placed on other private channels & websites. Space Show programs can be quoted, but the quote must be cited or referenced using the proper citation format. Contact The Space Show for further information. In addition, please remember that your Amazon purchases can help support The Space Show/OGLF. See http://www.onegiantleapfoundation.org/amazon.htm. For those listening to archives using live365.com and rating the programs, please email me as to why you assign a specific rating to the show. This will help me bring better programming to the audience.

We welcomed Dr. Martin Elvis to the program to discuss asteroid mining, commercial space, NASA & more. In the fist segment of our 91 minute discussion, after telling us about an asteroid being named after himself, Martin responded to my question about what he sees as our future in space. Dr. Elvis answered this question throughout both segments of today’s program, making it clear that he sees solutions and development through astronomy & commercial space, not NASA. He began talking about our great space telescopes and the fact that the budgets are not there for such great tools and instruments to continue and be sustained, even to the tune of not being able to properly support the JWST. He had much to say on rising costs, budgets and when I asked about priorities, he said how much is the right amount to make space exploration, science, even HSF, a priority? What is their information worth compared to other worthy causes and uses for federal money? This analysis has led him to understand the future rests with commercial space to pay for space programs and ventures rather than relying on government funds. We then jumped into mining asteroids and the commercial potential of this emerging industry. He talked about initial small markets, maybe 10 worthy asteroids for mining or possibly doubling that number given uncertainties and risks associated with the formula for estimating the number of commercially viable asteroids. Do not miss this discussion as I am sure we will be referring to it frequently in future Space Show program discussions. The size and type of asteroid matter as you will hear with mining needing at least a 100 meter wide asteroid in the billion dollar range with Delta V requirements that are cost effective for getting to and from the target. Primarily we talked about water and PGM re asteroids. Listeners asked questions about trillion dollar asteroids per press reports, he looked them up and said the Delta V to get there, land, etc., was simply too high, a fact often ignored by articles referencing potential asteroid value. Doug emailed in about smaller asteroids, say 20 meters. Dr. Elvis had much to say about the smaller asteroids and their mining potential as well. Toward the end of the segment, we talked about regulatory and legal-illegal acts including the possibility of a competing company hijacking an asteroid for commercial purposes. Don’t miss what he said about this.

In the second segment, we started with a call from Doug. Doug and Martin had a log discussion as Doug wanted to compare mining potentials for asteroids and the Moon. Later, we talked more about space telescopes and Doug wanted to know if Hubble could be pointed in the direction of the sun for specific reasons. Later, we talked about Rosetta and P67. B John in Sweden sent in lots of questions about why not mine the Moon rather than an asteroid. Martin explained the value of going to an asteroid for mining and getting virgin scientific info over the Moon so listen to this discussion. Other topics included economics, depressing prices of PGM here on Earth by bringing this material back to Earth, zero G issues, Pluto, Kuiper Belt Objects and more.

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Guest: Emily Lakdawalla. Topics: The Planetary Society, space geology, robotic & science missions, science mission budget. Please direct all comments and questions regarding Space Show programs/guest(s) to the Space Show blog, https://thespaceshow.wordpress.com. Comments and questions should be relevant to the specific Space Show program. Written Transcripts of Space Show programs are a violation of our copyright and are not permitted without prior written consent, even if for your own use. We do not permit the commercial use of Space Show programs or any part thereof, nor do we permit editing, YouTube clips, or clips placed on other private channels & websites. Space Show programs can be quoted, but the quote must be cited or referenced using the proper citation format. Contact The Space Show for further information. In addition, please remember that your Amazon purchases can help support The Space Show/OGLF. See http://www.onegiantleapfoundation.org/amazon.htm. For those listening to archives using live365.com and rating the programs, please email me as to why you assign a specific rating to the show. This will help me bring better programming to the audience.

We welcomed Emily Lakdawalla to the program to discuss space science missions, The Planetary Society, space & outer planet geology. During the first segment of our 90 minute program, Emily went over her background and how she came to have an interest in space and in particular space science and geology. Some of our topics included the tectonics of Venus, asteroid mining, her interest in the outer planets of the solar system, and science missions either ongoing or to be conducted in the future. I mentioned a possible Europa mission which led to a Europa discussion and Emily talking about the ESA JUICE mission (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer). We talked about being able to cut the travel time to the outer planets for science missions and our guest mentioned the possible use of SLS to do that. Don’t miss this discussion. Also in this segment, we talked about upcoming comet and asteroid mission, then we switched gears to discuss robotic challenges. Here, Emily pointed out the time lag for communications to Mars and beyond makes telerobotic control difficult at best. We talked about having a Mars orbiter to control surface robots. Were we doing this, the robots could be simpler as they would not need as much autonomous capabilities as they need now based on Earth communications. Emily told us about Planetary Society projects and programs, we talked about man in the street interviews regarding space & our guest shared her experiences with us when Shuttle Endeavour came to Los Angeles. Near the end of this long segment, Kepler came up, questions came up about Earth geology being similar to the geology of the planets, the lack of fossil fuels on other planets, then Doug called with a question about coalition building & the NASA science budget. As the segment ended, we asked Emily about robotic exploration as compared to having a human geologist on the surface of the planet. BJohn from Sweden sent us emails about Curiosity on Mars and Venus.

In our second segment, we talked about relevant time spans and how missions get prioritized. Emily went over the Venus challenges. She was asked if the Planetary Society would try another Phobos-Grunt mission and we talked about their project, the Mars Microphone to bring back to Earth the sounds from Mars. Toward the end of the program, Emily was asked about the importance of lowering launch costs for science missions and the promotion of space advocacy.

Please post comments/questions on TSS blog above. You can reach Emily through The Planetary Society or me.

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Guest: Dr. Madhu Thangavelu. Topics: NEO student intervention & surveillance design projects, advanced technology. Please direct all comments and questions regarding Space Show programs/guest(s) to the Space Show blog, https://thespaceshow.wordpress.com. Comments and questions should be relevant to the specific Space Show program. Written Transcripts of Space Show programs are a violation of our copyright and are not permitted without prior written consent, even if for your own use. We do not permit the commercial use of Space Show programs or any part thereof, nor do we permit editing, YouTube clips, or clips placed on other private channels & websites. Space Show programs can be quoted, but the quote must be cited or referenced using the proper citation format. Contact The Space Show for further information. In addition, please remember that your Amazon purchases can help support The Space Show/OGLF. See www.onegiantleapfoundation.org/amazon.htm. For those listening to archives using live365.com and rating the programs, please email me as to why you assign a specific rating to the show. This will help me bring better programming to the audience.

We welcomed back Dr. Madhu Thangavelu to discuss current graduate student design projects from his most recent USC class which had a theme dealing with NEOs and mitigation strategies. During the first segment of this 1 hour 41 minute show, Dr. Thangavelu focused on the future of the ISS, lunar exploration and settlements, a bit on Mars but mostly on NEO issue and surveillance of dangerous items. He summarized several of the student projects for us including one referred to as “Trojan” asteroids and another referred to as “space rocks to take care of rocks.” Also in this segment we talked about nuclear rocket technology and propulsion, asteroid mining, and Directed Energy devices. For the latter, we spoke about the ease of using the technology as a space weapon. Toward the end of the segment we discussed how to enroll in Madhu ‘s class, especially if you are not a USC graduate engineering student. Our guest summarized the segment saying that planetary defense will happen and his class helps to train and condition creative minds to deal with the problems.

In the second segment, Professor Thangavelu received a listener question about Earthship Houses and the Cal-Earth Institute. Madhu also spoke about the recent NASA NIAC Conference held at Stanford University. Regarding the conference, he spoke about many of the keynote addresses and speakers, plus extremely innovative projects. One such project was Contour Crafting which he said was now in Phase 2 (see www.contourcrafting.org). Another listener went into more detail with him on the USC application process to attend his class, then Madhu went back to sharing more with us regarding the NASA conference. He said keynote speakers were from MythBusters, Google, SETI, SSI, and Dr. Pete Worden of NASA Ames. Later in this segment, he talked about the space business model with Elon Musk, Stratolaunch, and more. He fielded a few specific questions on asteroid mining which he did not think was ripe for investor action at this time. He was asked about green technologies & the student design projects, then about his upcoming article in the Journal of Space Philosophy. One of the last topics was the introduction to us of co-robotics, suggesting we check it out at the National Robotics Initiative ( Google co-robotics for more information).

Guests: John Batchelor, Dr. Martin Elvis, Dr. David Livingston. Topics: Asteroid mining as a commercially viable option. You are invited to comment, ask questions, and discuss the Space Show program/guest(s) on the Space Show blog, https://thespaceshow.wordpress.com. Comments, questions, and any discussion must be relevant and applicable to Space Show programming. Written Transcripts of Space Show programs are not permitted without prior written consent from The Space Show (even if for personal use) & are a violation of the Space Show copyright. We do not permit the commercial use of any Space Show program or part thereof, nor do we permit Space Show programs to be edited, placed on YouTube, or other private channels & websites. Space Show programs can be quoted in news articles, papers, academic & research work but must be cited or referenced in the proper citation format. Contact Dr. Livingston for questions about our copyright and trademark policies which we do enforce. This program is archived on The Space Show website, podcasting, and blog sites with permission from John Batchelor. Please visit the John Batchelor Show website for more information about this fine program, www.johnbatchelorshow.com. Remember, your Amazon Purchases Can Help Support The Space Show/OGLF (www.onegiantleapfoundation.org/amazon.htm).

Guest: Dr. Alice Gorman. Topics: Space archaeology. Please direct all comments and questions regarding Space Show programs/guest(s) to the Space Show blog, https://thespaceshow.wordpress.com. Comments and questions should be relevant to the specific Space Show program. Written Transcripts of Space Show programs are a violation of our copyright and are not permitted without prior written consent, even if for your own use. We do not permit the commercial use of Space Show programs or any part thereof, nor do we permit editing, YouTube clips, or clips placed on other private channels & websites. Space Show programs can be quoted, but the quote must be cited or referenced using the proper citation format. Contact The Space Show for further information. In addition, please remember that your Amazon purchases can help support The Space Show/OGLF. See www.onegiantleapfoundation.org/amazon.htm.

We welcomed Dr. Alice Gorman to the show for this 1 hour 38 minute fascinating space archaeology discussion. During our first segment, Dr. Gorman explained space archaeology, talked about space debris, cultural preservation, and much more. We talked about archaeological techniques used here on Earth and how they can be applied to space archaeology. We also talked about the fact that most space artifacts are in space so what we often find in museums are replicas or simulated items which are not the same and have a different meaning for the archaeologist. Dr. Gorman then talked about the possibility of artifacts from other cultures or even extraterrestrial life and questioned if we could even recognize what we were looking at or working with since it might be radically different from what we know and work with on Earth. Listener Jonny emailed in to ask what would happen if China went to an lunar Apollo landing site and took some of the items left on the Moon back to be displayed in a Chinese museum. Dr. Gorman did not think that likely, spoke about the Outer Space Treaty and that items are always owned by the launching company, and the NASA heritage sites guidelines they have proposed. Several questions came in regarding growth in the private, commercial, & entrepreneurial segments of the space community and how cultural and heritage protection might work with these nongovernment entities. This led to an interesting discussion about company behavior, culture, early planning, awareness, and even benefit sharing. We had a fun discussion about advertising in space for the ad to be seen back on Earth and we talked about how many of us hold the night sky sacred and do not want it spoiled.

In the second segment, Angela asked Alice when space archaeology would come into its own. Alice replied that it already had “arrived” and cited many examples proving this. Kimberly emailed in about the usefulness for archaeological purposes of space settlement garbage. Mars One was the model for this. As we learned, archaeologists learn much from garbage so don’t miss what Alice said might result from a Mars One garbage dump analysis. Todd emailed in about pets going to space settlements and if archaeologists would look for pet remains or traces of human pet relationships to learn about a space settlement. We talked about Dark Skies and raising our awareness for specific issues, plus the need for early planning by businesses. As the show was about to end, I asked our guest for the hottest topics in space archaeology. Alice named three topics. The final question asked Alice to look forward five years and describe the field of space archaeology in 2019.

Guests: John Batchelor, Michael Listner, Dr. David Livingston: Topics: The legalities & issues regarding asteroid and resource mining in space. You are invited to comment, ask questions, and discuss the Space Show program/guest(s) on the Space Show blog, https://thespaceshow.wordpress.com. Comments, questions, and any discussion must be relevant and applicable to Space Show programming. Written Transcripts of Space Show programs are not permitted without prior written consent from The Space Show (even if for personal use) & are a violation of the Space Show copyright. We do not permit the commercial use of any Space Show program or part thereof, nor do we permit Space Show programs to be edited, placed on YouTube, or other private channels & websites. Space Show programs can be quoted in news articles, papers, academic & research work but must be cited or referenced in the proper citation format. Contact Dr. Livingston for questions about our copyright and trademark policies which we do enforce. This program is archived on The Space Show website, podcasting, and blog sites with permission from John Batchelor. Please visit the John Batchelor Show website for more information about this fine program, www.johnbatchelorshow.com. Remember, your Amazon Purchases Can Help Support The Space Show/OGLF (www.onegiantleapfoundation.org/amazon.htm).

During our 11 minute plus discussion, John, Mike Listener, and I talked about the legalities of asteroid mining, resource usage in space, potential issues such as profit sharing, treaty constraints, liability, and government regulation. I believe Michael summed it up well when near the end of our segment, he said that this type of activity was still possibly 20 years away and during that time, the legal issues should be addressed and hopefully resolved.

Please post any comments/questions you might have on The Space Show blog. You can contact any of us through drspace@thespaceshow.com.

Guest: Open Lines with Dr. David Livingston. Topics: Our discussion covered wide range of timely topics per the below summary. Please direct all comments and questions regarding Space Show programs/guest(s) to the Space Show blog, https://thespaceshow.wordpress.com. Comments and questions should be relevant to the specific Space Show program. Written Transcripts of Space Show programs are a violation of our copyright and are not permitted without prior written consent, even if for your own use. We do not permit the commercial use of Space Show programs or any part thereof, nor do we permit editing, YouTube clips, or clips placed on other private channels & websites. Space Show programs can be quoted, but the quote must be cited or referenced using the proper citation format. Contact The Space Show for further information.

We started our 2 hour 3 minute Open Lines discussion with a five minute recorded interview with Sarah Cruddas in the UK regarding the UK astronaut Tim Peake who is now scheduled for a mission to the ISS. Sarah told us about the impact of Tim being the UK’s first government funded and supported astronaut. You will clearly hear her excitement about this and for sure you will understand the very positive impact of this in England along with national British excitement. Way to go England and congratulations from The Space Show! You can find out more about Sarah’s reporting, space, science & film work at www.sarahcruddas.com. Our next caller was Mark Longanbach from Star Systems to tell us about the Hermes spacecraft and their efforts in developing a suborbital spaceship for tourism and cargo. We also talked about crowd funding and Kickstarter with him. Next, Nelson called in to talk about the need for long term NASA goals and he outlined his concept for bringing the space community together and making the most out of tight budgets, assets, technology, and capabilities, all in support of repositioning our space program for doing great things in the future. Nelson requested feedback on his idea so post your comments on The Space Show blog. Nelson’s blog can be found at www.aviationweek.com/UserProfile.aspx?newspaperUserId=219284. Kelly called next to talk about the upcoming 20th anniversary of DC-X and he compared back then to now. As you will hear, Kelly saw more positive things back “in the day” than today. He talked about today’s commercial space industry, NASA, SpaceX, commercial space, etc. We also talked about the planned commercial Mars missions, the asteroid & lunar missions. I’m sure you will find his comments interesting & thought provoking.

In our second segment, Tim said Rossi and his E-CAT were validated by a third party. He then took issue with much of what Kelly had to say, especially around SpaceX and the emerging commercial space industry. We also talked about the proposed NASA-Bigelow Aerospace project and I read the NASA PR announcement about it on air. Later in the second segment, Charles Pooley called. He wanted to talk about the NASA-Bigelow announcement and he said he also disagreed with Kelly, especially regarding SpaceX. While Kelly was critical of the SpaceX engine design, Charles said it was an excellent design and he told us why he thought so. I chimed in my support for SpaceX as I think they are doing a very good job and have solved inflight problems in an impressive way. Also in this segment, we talked some about what constitutes a commercial mission. I suggested today’s emerging industry is a hybrid but in the end, the companies behave as commercial companies. Pooley also talked about a Scaled CATO engine failure. He later sent us emails which I read on air that described the problem, then Charles called back to explain what I read. Another topic I mentioned included the problems with the Kepler Space Telescope.

Post your comments/questions on The Space Show blog. If you want to email any of the callers, do so through me.

Guest: Mark Whittington. Topics: Updates for the current state of affairs in the space industry; Mark’s novella, “Dreams of Barry’s Stepfather.” Please direct all comments and questions regarding Space Show programs/guest(s) to the Space Show blog, https://thespaceshow.wordpress.com. Comments and questions should be relevant to the specific Space Show program. Written Transcripts of Space Show programs are a violation of our copyright and are not permitted without prior written consent, even if for your own use. We do not permit the commercial use of Space Show programs or any part thereof, nor do we permit editing, YouTube clips, or clips placed on other private channels & websites. Space Show programs can be quoted, but the quote must be cited or referenced using the proper citation format. Contact The Space Show for further information.

We welcomed Mark Whittington back for space industry updates and for information about his new novella available on Amazon. Mark’s blog, Curmudgeons Corner is at http://curmudgeons.blogspot.com. In the first hour of our two hour discussion, Mark talked about the commercial space ventures announced in 2012 and so far in 2013. He focused on Inspiration Mars but also talked about many of the other ventures. We talked about the possible impact of a tragic accident on the Mars mission and its probable impact on the industry which we did not think would be great based on what happened after both Challenger and Columbia. Mark also talked about asteroid mining and returning to the Moon. Later, the subject of the possibility of a new spaceport for SpaceX in Brownsville, Texas was discussed and Mark told us about a few possible wrinkles with the establishment of that spaceport. He also mentioned the Mars One mission out of Holland, then we talked some space politics regarding many in Congress. The NewSpace sector came up and Mark has some interesting observations about this part of the industry.

In our second segment, we continued talking about space politics but we brought in critical comments about the media as well. Mark then cited the NRC study on NASA’s Strategic Direction and the Need for a National Consensus as an example of the problems within NASA, the absence of a real HSF asteroid mission and more. Mark also mentioned the four options talked about in the NRC NASA study. John called in from Atlanta and talked about the newly announced NASA-Lockheed program to have K-12 students around the world work on space radiation issues. We talked about this effort in some detail and were supportive of it. You can read about it at www.govconexecutive.com/2013/03/lockheed-nasa-seeking-k-12-student-radiation-protection-ideas-marillyn-hewson-comments. Mark then told us about his new novella, “Dreams of Barry’s Stepfather.” If you get it from this Amazon URL, http://www.amazon.com/Dreams-of-Barrys-Stepfather-ebook/dp/B00BO9D3NC/ref=onegiantlea20, Amazon will make a contribution to The Space Show/OGLF. We spent most of the rest of our discussion going over the alternative time line which Mark developed to make this a most interesting novella with broad space industry impact. At the end of the program, we talked about Nasa and the space budgets and sequestration, heavy lift, and fuel depots.

Please post your comments/questions on The Space Show blog. You can reach Mark through his own blog or through me at drspace@thespaceshow.com.

Guest: Dr. Henry Hertzfeld. Topics: Commercial space, Mars, human spaceflight, regulations & economics. Please direct all comments and questions regarding Space Show programs/guest(s) to the Space Show blog, https://thespaceshow.wordpress.com. Comments and questions should be relevant to the specific Space Show program. Written Transcripts of Space Show programs are a violation of our copyright and are not permitted without prior written consent, even if for your own use. We do not permit the commercial use of Space Show programs or any part thereof, nor do we permit editing, YouTube clips, or clips placed on other private channels & websites. Space Show programs can be quoted, but the quote must be cited or referenced using the proper citation format. Contact The Space Show for further information.

We welcomed Dr. Henry Hertzfeld back to the show for a fascinating 90 minute discussion regarding commercial space, human spaceflight (HSF), recently announced HSF Mars missions, increasing the launch rate, and more. During our initial segment, Dr. Hertzfeld addressed my question about lowering launch prices to increase the launch rate. Dr. Hertzfeld did a classic economic study on this subject several years ago and I asked him if today’s current market and commercial space progress had altered his earlier conclusions. He said no. Later, I asked if space solar power (SSP) could drive launch rates down. The short answer was no but don’t miss what he had to say about SSP economics, launches, and debris issues. Jerry emailed in a question about SpaceX being a commercial company given its receipt of government money. Henry had much to say about what makes a company commercial or not and if it is even an important issue. Another listener wanted to know about the deep space commercial ventures announced in 2012 and in 2013. The listener wanted to know if these were really commercial ventures, if regulations could stop them, and what would happen re the ventures needing property rights or the equivalent. One of the things our guest reiterated several times during our discussion was the need for stability and predictability for the commercial industry. Questions came in about benefit sharing and he mentioned the likelihood that some sort of international system would develop on these issues. I asked what constituted an acceptable ROI and the example of controlled ROIs as in the utility industry came up. Doug wanted to know about rocket reusability and its impact on launch costs. We also talked about both Mars One and the new Inspiration Mars mission. As part of this discussion, astronaut rescue and the rescue treaty were discussed. In the second segment, Doug called to discuss property rights for a NEO as opposed to the Moon, wondering if the Moon might be more valuable. Doug & Henry talked about our having returned lunar rockets as a model for commercially returning lunar products but Henry suggested there might be a difference in returning something for science as compared to commercial exploitation. Later, we addressed human spaceflight and its challenges. The Chinese space program was brought up as was the risk of a space war. Dr. Hertzfeld was asked about putting 10,000 people on Mars, space migration, species survival, space settlement, and the need to explore as possible drivers for HSF. My final question pertained to our evolving to a business friendly environment in space. Simply put, we are not there yet.

Please post your comments/questions on The Space Show blog above. You can email Dr. Hertzfeld through me at drspace@thespaceshow.com.