Thursday, February 2, 2017

Accumulating Snow Next Tuesday? Early Hints of March on the Horizon

+ 5.5 F. January temperatures at St. Cloud were more than 5 F. warmer than average.

15 F. maximum temperature in St. Cloud Thursday.23 F. average high on February 2.29 F. high on February 2, 2016.

February 3, 1989: Bitterly cold temperatures occur across Minnesota with lows in the 40-below-zero range in the north.February 3, 1947: A strong dust storm hits Crookston with winds near 50 mph. Visibility was reduced down to 300 feet.

Sorry Punxetawney Phil: Spring May Come Early

It took the better part of 50 years
for cars to replace horses. Manure and bugs gave way to smog,
congestion and sprawl - but for most this fit the definition of
progress.

In
spite of high drama and political disruption I'm actually optimistic
about the future, for 2 main reasons. The price of clean renewable power
(solar, wind, etc) is now cheaper than fossil fuels. And younger people
generally aren't cynical; they're more likely to respond to evidence
and facts - and do things differently than their parents.

I'm
a Teddy Roosevelt conservationist who predicts a lower carbon future
will be driven by economics and security, not politics. That's a message
I'm sharing at today's 5th annual Minnesota Environmental Congress.

Sorry
Phil, 6 more weeks of winter may be a stretch, even for Minnesota.
Models suggest an almost March-like February with a run of 40s, even an
outside shot at 50F in 2 weeks close to home. Not as balmy as 2012 but close.

In the meantime models still hint at a plowable snow next Tuesday. It's too early for details, but take advantage of any snow, because odds are beginning to favor a fast-forward spring.

CFSv2 climate model temperature anomaly forecast for February: NOAA.

Snow Drought for Much of Minnesota. Here's an excerpt from the Minnesota DNR: "Snow depths
across Minnesota range from areas of bare ground across parts of
central, southwest and south central Minnesota, to a foot or more of
snow on the ground in the northeast and far northwest. Snow depths of
six to ten inches can also be found in southeast Minnesota centered near
Rochester. The snow depth ranking is below historical averages across
much of southern and central Minnesota, with some pockets of above
average ranking over southeast and far northeast Minnesota."

20th Anniversary of Minnesota's All-Time Record Low. Who will forget -60 F (air temperature) anytime soon? Minnesota's DNR has a walk down memory lane: "February
2, 2016 marks the 20th anniversary of the lowest instrument-measured
temperature on record for the state of Minnesota. A location in St.
Louis County, 3 miles south of Tower, recorded -60 degrees F on February
2, 1996. This value ties Minnesota with North Dakota for the all-time
record low for a non-mountainous state. But why Tower? Aside from the
deeply cold air mass that had overspread the region, two factors likely
contributed to the record-low temperature. First, Tower had 44 inches of
snow on the ground. The height of the thermometer is normally about 5
feet above the ground, but with the deep snow, the "ground" was much
closer to the thermometer. The coldest air tends to sink to the lowest
possible level, which on this morning placed it very close to the
thermometer. Additionally, the Tower site is situated in a slight
topographic bowl, which allows cold air to drain in from nearby areas.
As a result, Tower frequently records some of the lowest temperatures in
the state..."

Photo credit: "-60 was Big News in February 1996." Courtesy: St. Paul Pioneer Press and Minneapolis Star Tribune.Future Radar.
12 KM NAM guidance shows a big bubble of high pressure over the central
Plains pushing into the Mid Atlantic region by the weekend; lake effect
snows slowly tapering with a little rain for Texas. Heaviest rains and
mountain snows fall from northern California into the Pacific Northwest.

Wild Temperature Gyrations.
No, I'm not at all convinced Twin Cities temperatures will spike from
11F next Wednesday to 52F one week from today, but ECMWF guidance shows
unusually warm air passing just south of Minnesota by the end of next
week. Any snow Tuesday gives way to a couple of cold days, followed by
potentially rapid temperature inflation. Graphic: WeatherBell.Snowy Possibilities.
And that's all they are now - possibilities. Confidence levels are still
low, but GFS data suggests a plowable snow from Minnesota into
Wisconsin and the Great Lakes Tuesday and Wednesday of next week, then
spreading into New England. Snow for the Mid South andn Carolinas late
next week? I wouldn't put down any wagers just yet. Meanwhile a safe bet
calls for a few more FEET of snow from the Colorado Rockies to the
Sierra and Cascade Range. Animation: Tropicaltidbits.com

Mid-February or Mid-March?
The very same GFS model builds a sprawling ridge of high pressure over
the Rockies and Plains within 2 weeks, pushing unusual warmth as far
north as interior Canada. Flowers are already in bloom across much of
the south, a trend which may accelerate in the weeks to come.

Winter Snowfall Totals, To Date.
The Eastern office of the NWS compiled actual snowfall totals as of
February 1, compared to normal and last winter. Lake effect has been
more impressive, but there haven't been any big coastal storms, no snowy
Nor'easters to speak of - yet.

Sorry Phil, 6 More Weeks of Winter May Be a Stretch This Year.
Almost all models show a predominately Pacific wind flow into much of
February with temperatures above average across most of the USA. Here's
an excerpt from The Washington Post: "...Phil
probably should have phoned in last year’s forecast this morning,
because this one was wrong before he even woke up. When a season begins
and when it ends tends to be a subjective matter, but there are actual
metrics that phenologists (plant scientists!) use to determine when
spring has arrived. In parts of the Southeast, green leaves are popping
out more than 20 days ahead of schedule, according to the National
Phenology Network. In late January, daffodils were reported in Oklahoma, crocuses in Delaware and tulips in Boston..."

Map credit: "Spring leaves are popping out more than 20 days ahead of schedule in parts of the Southeast." (USANPN).

Groundhogs, Snow Fleas, Skunks or Tornado Bob?
So many animals - so little time. 6 more weeks of winter seems like a
pretty safe bet at this latitude. Here's an excerpt of an illuminating
article at GrandRapidsMN.com: "...According
to the History Channel’s website, the first Groundhog Day was
celebrated at Gobbler’s Knob in Punxsutawney, Penn. in 1887 and has
roots in an ancient Christian tradition called Candlemas Day during
which time clergy members would bless candles and distribute them for
the winter. These candles, according to lore, served to represent the
length and severity of the winter. This tradition was expanded upon
later by the Germans, who selected the first animal, the hedgehog, as a
means of predicting the weather. The practice first came to America with
the German immigrants who settled in Pennsylvania who continued the
tradition, switching their animal of choice from hedgehogs to groundhogs
which were more plentiful in their new home..."

5.7 Trillion Gallons of Water Snowed on California in January.
Fantastic news for California's water supply, but underground aquifers
will take much longer to recover. Here's an excerpt of an interesting
nugget at USA TODAY: "Over
five trillion gallons of water — much of it still locked up as snow in
the mountains — fell across California in January, ending the prolonged
drought in the northern part of the state. The parade of snowstorms that
blasted the state in January dumped the equivalent of about 5.7
trillion gallons of water, according to researchers at Colorado
University’s Center for Water Earth Science and Technology.
(That's how much water was in the snow that fell). Many ski areas in
the Sierra were pasted with 20 to 30 feet of snow. Mammoth Mountain had
its snowiest month ever recorded, with over 20 feet..."

Storms Filled 37 Percent of California Snow-Water Deficit. NASA has more perspective: "The
"atmospheric river" weather patterns that pummeled California with
storms from late December to late January may have recouped 37 percent
of the state’s five-year snow-water deficit, according to new University
of Colorado Boulder-led research using NASA satellite data. Researchers
at the university's Center for Water Earth Science and Technology
(CWEST) estimate that two powerful recent storms deposited roughly
17.5-million acre feet (21.6 cubic kilometers) of water on California’s
Sierra Nevada range in January. Compared to averages from the
pre-drought satellite record, that amount represents more than 120
percent of the typical annual snow accumulation for this range. Snowmelt
from the range is a critical water source for the state's agriculture,
hydropower generation and municipal water supplies..."

Map credit: "These
maps show how much water was stored in the Sierra snowpack on Jan. 6
(left) and Jan. 24 (center), 2017. Darker colors indicate more water.
The inset bar graph in the center figure shows the annual snowpack water
storage relative to the pre-drought average as well as the cumulative
snow-water deficit. The map on right shows snowpack water storage on
Jan. 24 as a percentage of pre-drought average snowpack water storage at
its greatest. Areas in green are over 100 percent of average." Credit: CU/NASA.

January Tornado Count...Yikes.
That's one way of putting it - I keep wondering if January's high
tornado count is a fluke, or premonition of what's to come later this
spring. I suspect America's 6-year tornado drought is coming to an end.
Here's an excerpt of a post from Damon Lane at KOCO-TV in Oklahoma City: "138
tornadoes (unofficial) making this past January the 2nd busiest on
record. #1 was January 1999 when we had well over 200 tornadoes. And
yes...1999 was a bad spring. So can we get an idea of how active the
spring will be by looking at how bad the winter is ? Yes....and No.
First the yes: La Nina years have traditionally lead to an active spring
season. In 2008 when we were in a La Nina there were 85 tornadoes in
the month of January followed by over 450 tornado in May. Busy indeed..."

Drawing Blown Away by Tornado Found 100 Miles Away. This puts the updraft in a tornadic supercell into perspective. WLOX.com has details: "As
the recovery effort continues in the Pine Belt, countless stories have
emerged from the storm ravaged area. One man's story will likely be
something he tells for the rest of his life. The tornado dug a path of
utter destruction through the area, leveling neighborhoods and
businesses. Some homes were spared while others in its path were
demolished..."

Photo credit: "Daniel Baggett will forever have a reminder of that incredible force in the form of a grade school drawing." (Photo source: WLOX)

Yosemite's Tragic History of Flooding, and the Steps Its Taken to Prevent Future Disasters. Capital Weather Gang has an interesting article and video link; here's an excerpt: "Twenty
years ago, nearly two feet of warm rain fell on a deep, Sierra Nevada
snowpack, resulting in the worst flood in Yosemite National Park’s
history. The sudden inundation washed out roads, campgrounds, lodges and
utilities, and it stranded several thousand stunned visitors and
employees in the narrow Merced River valley. “Boulders the size of
houses were rolling down the swollen Merced River,” said park spokesman
Scott Gediman, who was in his first year on the job in January 1997. The
force of the raging water destroyed everything in its path. He recalled
how odd it was to see picnic tables, bear boxes and even fax machines
floating through the park. The river burst its banks on New Year’s Day.
The water level in the valley peaked at 16 feet over flood stage,
inundating park infrastructure..."

Image credit: "During
floods in May 1996 and January 1997, the roar of thundering Yosemite
Falls rattled windows at the park offices a half mile away." (U.S. National Park Service).

The Deep History of California's Catastrophic Flooding. NexusMedia has the context and perspective: "...As
the climate warms, I’m definitely concerned about what might come next.
California has been growing in places, like the Central Valley and the
Delta. Parts of the Delta are below sea level because it has been
sinking. The Central Valley has also been sinking because of groundwater
pumping, and some parts are 30 feet deeper than in 1861. It’s so much
worse now — there are more than 6 million people living in the Central
Valley alone. In 2011 the USGS presented the ARkStorm
[Atmospheric River 1,000 Storm] scenario to model the impacts of an
1861-type storm, at the time thought to be a 1,000-year event. They
modeled the storm with today’s geography and where people are living.
The bottom line is damage totaled more than $700 billion..."

Photo credit: "The 1986 flooding of the Russian River in Sonoma County, California." Source: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.

This Lawmaker Wants to Ease Rules on Drilling in National Parks, and Conservationists Aren't Happy. Wow, seems sensible to me - let's start with fracking directly under the waterfalls at Yosemite. Here's an excerpt from The Washington Post: "It’s
safe to say that Rep. Paul A. Gosar (R-Ariz.) is no friend of
environmentalists. He boycotted Pope Francis’s speech to Congress in
2015 because the pontiff addressed climate change. He received a score
of 3 percent that year from the League of Conservation Voters,
significantly below the House average of 41 percent. But his latest move
came as a surprise to many. Gosar submitted a resolution Monday that
threatens to repeal the National Park Service’s authority to manage
private drilling for oil, gas and minerals at 40 national parks,
according to the National Parks Conservation Association. Under what are
known as the 9B rules, the Park Service, which controls the surface of
natural parks, can decline drilling rights to parties that own resources
beneath the surface if it determines that the operation would be an
environmental threat..."

Photo credit: "Rep. Paul A. Gosar (R-Ariz.) said in 2013 that the head of the Environmental Protection Agency should be impeached." (Matt York/AP)

Energy is the New Internet. I happen to agree with Brian LaKamp at totempower.net: "...At
heart, the Enernet is the foundation for smart-city tech, including the
“Internet of Things,” distributed systems, interconnected backbones and
networking technologies, EV-charging services and autonomous vehicles,
to name a few. These technologies will drive dramatic change and force
us to rethink our cities, municipal services and sectors like
transportation, insurance, real estate and financial services. From the
Enernet evolution will come smart cities that are an order-of-magnitude
smarter, healthier and safer. The new network will also present quantum
leaps in energy security and emergency resilience that can stand in the
face of superstorms or cyberattacks. Hold on to your seats. We’re at the
early stages of something immense..."

Tesla Drops "Motors" From Name in Bid for Clean Energy Supremacy.ThinkProgress has details: "...Musk
has positioned Tesla in the sweet spot of three emerging
trillion-dollar industries—electric vehicles, solar power, and battery
storage. If you count the race towards fully autonomous vehicles, which
EVs are likely to dominate,
Tesla hits four major growth sectors. By 2025, there are expected to be
more than 37 million fully electric vehicles on the road worldwide,
according to Navigant Research,
and they will be “cost competitive” — without subsidies. Bloomberg New
Energy Finance (BNEF) has projected that by 2040 between a third and a
half of all new vehicles could be electric. It’s no surprise, then, that
last year, Tesla’s affordable, long-range Model 3 saw the most presales of any car in U.S. history..."

Report Cites Clean Energy Growth as Minnesota Legislators Push To Eliminate Solar Program. May the best (cheapest/cleanest) technology win. Here's an excerpt from Midwest Energy News: "A
new report aims to persuade Minnesota legislators that clean energy is a
strong part of Minnesota’s economy. Minnesota has 131 companies in the
supply chains of the wind and solar industries, according to the report,
“Minnesota Wind Power & Solar Energy Supply Chain Businesses:
Good for Manufacturing Jobs, Good for Economic Growth and Good for Our
Environment,” released today by the Environmental Law and Policy Center.
The report shows “there a lot of Minnesota companies are growing and
expanding because of our renewable energy policies and there are
companies coming to Minnesota because of them,” said Rep. Melissa
Hortman, who is the Democratic House Minority Leader. The report does
not directly connect to bills under consideration but instead offers
statistics and a narrative describing how the state has become a
national leader in clean energy..." (File image: Fresh Energy).

Republican Legislators Take Aim at Public Utilities Commission.Minnpost has more perspective: "...Republicans
say the commission has a metro-heavy representation and bogs down
critical state projects with bureaucratic red tape. “This is just the
tip of the iceberg,” said GOP Rep. Jim Newberger, who authored one the
proposals to go around the PUC. But church leaders and clean energy
groups, among others, are opposing the bills, saying they set a
dangerous precedent by weakening the only check on the state’s monopoly
energy system. “They all look like small changes but they all add up to a
big change in utility regulations,” said Annie Levenson-Falk, executive
director of the Citizens Utility Board, a newly-formed organization
that advocates for energy consumers in Minnesota. “There’s no market so
the checks on that market are so important. The PUC is that check...”

Photo credit: MinnPost photo by Corey Anderson. "Republicans
have introduced a half-dozen bills that would change the power and
makeup of the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission."

Oil and Coal Demand Could Peak by 2020: Study. Here's an excerpt of a summary at CNBC.com: "...The
research sees, among other things: solar photovoltaic technology
providing 29 percent of global power generation by 2050, phasing out
coal in the process; electric vehicles making up more than two thirds of
the road transport market by 2050; and demand for coal and oil peaking
by 2020. Furthermore, growth in electric vehicles could result in the
displacement of around two million barrels of oil per day by 2025 and 25
million barrels per day by 2050. "Electric vehicles and solar power are
game-changers that the fossil fuel industry consistently
underestimates," Luke Sussams, senior researcher at Carbon Tracker, said
in a statement..."

Lawmakers Could Find Common Ground on Energy Infrastructure Upgrade. Can Republicans and Democrats find common ground? Here's an excerpt from NexusMedia: "It’s
pretty hard to identify any areas of cooperation between Democrats and
Republicans right now, but one thing they both agree needs addressing is
our nation’s infrastructure. It’s no secret that our many of nation’s
roads, highways and power lines are out of date and in many places
outright dangerous. America’s infrastructure earned a D+ on the American
Society of Civil Engineers’ 2013 “Infrastructure Report Card.” The country’s dilapidated infrastructure costs households around $3,400
annually. Crumbling roads slow commutes and aging electricity grids
make power bills more expensive. Notably, the nation’s energy system
earned a lower grade than its bridges, ports and railways. Modernizing
the electricity grid would improve resilience in the face extreme
weather and cyber attacks, expand access to clean wind and solar energy,
and shrink monthly power pills..." (Image credit: Pexel).States Expected to Continue Course Toward Clean Energy Future. Here's an excerpt of a post at the PEW Charitable Trusts: "...The
states have always led the country toward greater reliance on renewable
energy sources, and they will continue to do so even if they don’t have
the support of the incoming administration, said Gabe Pacyniak, a
program manager at the Georgetown Climate Center, which helps states
implement clean energy policies. Economic factors, such as the rapidly
declining cost of wind and solar production, will help continue that
trajectory, Pacyniak said. In the last two months alone, the Republican
governors of Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio and Vermont have
announced initiatives or signed bills that will push their states to
increase their use of renewable energy. These are well-respected,
“card-carrying conservatives who understand the benefits of the clean
energy agenda,” said former Democratic Gov. Bill Ritter of Colorado, who
is now director of the Center for the New Energy Economy at Colorado
State University..."

How GPS Found Its Way. Science Friday has a terrific 8-minute audio explainer: here's a preview: "In
the early 1970s, the idea for a satellite-based modern navigation
system was controversial in the United States Air Force. Many in
leadership didn’t want anything to do with the project that would become
our now-ubiquitous GPS—they thought the money was better spent on
putting more planes in the air.
Engineer and former Air Force colonel Brad Parkinson directed the GPS
project during that fragile time, and made countless appeals in
Washington to get it approved and keep it approved in the years it took
to perfect the technology. He’s now receiving the 2016 Marconi Prize for
his dedication to ensuring that the first GPS satellites got off the
ground. He shares the story of the difficult birth of GPS."

Use of Ad-Blocking Software Rises by 30% Worldwide. Here's a clip from The New York Times: "Facebook has tried to ban it. Google has attempted
to outsmart it. But no matter what these tech giants do, people’s use
of software to block digital advertising — often the lifeblood of
companies’ online business models — keeps gaining traction worldwide. In
total, roughly 11 percent of internet users globally relied on ad
blockers to avoid some form of digital advertising last year when
surfing the web. That equates to more than 600 million devices, from
smartphones to traditional computers. The figure represents a 30 percent
annual increase, according to a new report published on Wednesday by PageFair, a start-up that helps companies recoup some of this lost advertising revenue, which now totals tens of billions of dollars each year..."

Great Places to Retire on $1,000 a Month. GOBankingrates.com has an interesting article that offers new cities to ponder when making a decision on where to live, inexpensively: "...Americans
65 years of age or older average nearly $44,686 in annual expenses,
according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. However, you do not have to
put your retirement on ice even if your net worth does not quite
approach that of King Midas. GOBankingRates ranked U.S. cities to find
great places to retire on $1,000 a month. The ranking considered several
local factors, including:

Each city was given a weighting for each of the criterion and was ranked based on the overall score. Avoid making a big mistake during your golden years and instead consider one of the following 25 great places to retire..."What On Earth is a "Tornado of Tuna"? You learn something every day - this nugget courtesy of Atlas Obscura: "A
couple of times a year in the waters of Mexico’s Sea of Cortez, a
colossal column of tuna churns slowly in an underwater fish vortex. The
tunnel of over 100,000 Jack Tuna, or bigeye trevally, is large enough to
cast looming shadows across the ocean floor. The clip above gives us a
rare glimpse of what it’s like to be under this huge “tuna tornado.” At
the 19-second mark, the camera is swallowed by the swirling silver mass.
Each tuna averages over three feet in length. This fantastic
phenomenon is the result of the tuna’s mating behavior..."

"Listen to Evidence": March for Science Plans Washington Rally on Earth Day. Here's an excerpt from The New York Times: "Within a week of its creation, the March for Science
campaign had attracted more than 1.3 million supporters across Facebook
and Twitter, cementing itself as a voice for people who are concerned
about the future of science under President Trump. Now, hoping to
transform that viral success into something approaching the significance
of the women’s march last month, the campaign has scheduled its demonstration in Washington for Earth Day,
April 22. “Yes, this is a protest, but it’s not a political protest,”
said Jonathan Berman, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Texas
Health Science Center at San Antonio and a lead organizer of the march.
“The people making decisions are in Washington, and they are the people
we are trying to reach with the message: You should listen to evidence...”

Photo credit: "A
women’s march in Fairbanks, Alaska, last month. The movement inspired a
group of scientists to organize their own demonstration in Washington."Credit Robin Wood/Fairbanks Daily News-Miner, via Associated Press.

Global Warming Threatens Winter Sports. Climate Central reports: "...The
number of days below 32°F in the U.S. has been declining. This trend is
projected to continue, threatening many of the winter activities that
rely on cold conditions, including skiing, snowmobiling, ice fishing,
and outdoor ice hockey. These winter recreational activities are an
integral part of the economy in many states. Data from 2009-10 show that
the ski, snowboard, and snowmobiling industries were directly and
indirectly responsible for employing 211,900 people and adding an
estimated $12.2 billion in economic value to the U.S. economy. As winter
loses its chill, these winter tourism activities will be impacted and
with them, people’s livelihoods..."

A New Battle Over Politics and Science is Brewing. And Scientists Are Ready For It. Here's an excerpt from Chris Mooney at The Washington Post: "...Scientist
marches on Washington, creation of alternative Twitter accounts, legal
defense funds, and much more — these are signs of a much more engaged,
and politically realistic, scientific community than the relatively
reticent one that existed in George W. Bush’s day. This is the
consequence of scientists experimenting for more than a decade with
blogging and social media, of their focus on scientific communications
to the public, and of their growing awareness of political attacks on
science and the need to counter them. In this context, it is far more
likely that any scientist who feels the need to speak out will find
a ready support structure, both within the community and also in social
media — including legal aid if necessary. In other words, researchers
have more protections, but they also are better networked and have more
social support. Both are crucial..."

Photo credit: "People
hold signs as they listen to a group of scientists speak during a rally
in conjunction with the American Geophysical Union’s fall meeting
Tuesday, Dec. 13, 2016, in San Francisco. The rally was to call
attention to what scientist believe is unwarranted attacks by the
incoming Trump administration against scientists advocating for the
issue of climate change and its impact." (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)."Beyond the Extreme": Scientists Marvel at 'Increasingly Non-Natural' Arctic Warmth.
Are we close to a tipping point - or has the arctic already tipped over
into a new state? Here's an excerpt from Jason Samenow at Capital Weather Gang: "...2016
was the warmest year on record in the Arctic, and 2017 has picked up
right where it left off. “Arctic extreme (relative) warmth continues,” Ryan Maue, a meteorologist with WeatherBell Analytics, tweeted on Wednesday,
referring to January’s temperatures. Veteran Arctic climate scientists
are stunned. “[A]fter studying the Arctic and its climate for three and a
half decades, I have concluded that what has happened over the last
year goes beyond even the extreme,” wrote Mark Serreze, director of the
National Snow and Ice Data Center in Boulder, Colo., in an essay for Earth magazine.
At the North Pole, the mercury has rocketed to near the melting point
twice since November, and another huge flux of warmth is projected by
models next week. Their simulations predict some places in the high
Arctic will rise over 50 degrees above normal..."

Images of Change. NASA has an interactive web site
that shows the dramatic decrease in ice coverage from September 1984 to
September 2016. It turns out it's not only aerial coverage of ice, but
ice thickness as well. In the 1950s submarines in the U.S. Navy reported
ice 6-10 feet thick; now it's only a couple feet thick in many
locations.

"Planned Retreat" Enters the Climate Dialogue. For coastal Alaska and Louisiana it's already happening. Here's an excerpt from Scientific American: "As
sea levels rise, U.S. communities have several strategies to cope with
the effects of climate change, the president of the National Academy of
Sciences said yesterday. There's triage for high-dollar assets, like
airports and military installations and even the Statue of Liberty,
Marcia McNutt said. But more and more, she added, “organized retreat” is
a part of the conversation. That strategy, once politically
unpalatable, has emerged from the shadows in recent months as
scientists, community leaders and governments try to figure out how to
move people out of the way of coastal flooding and other hazards..."

Can States Lead the Way on Climate Change? Here's an excerpt from The Christian Century: "...California
is setting an example, showing how much of a role entities other than
the federal government can play. The future of climate change action
will necessarily involve a broad range of participants—including state
and local governments, corporations, advocacy groups (like 350.org), and
consumers. Together these entities are already pushing the country
toward both technological innovation and constructive regulation. The
global goal articulated by the Paris agreement is to hold the increase
in the global average temperature (above preindustrial levels) to below
2° Celsius. It’s an ambitious goal. While there may not be much support
for it in Washington these days, the movement is not going away..."