Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that damage the optic nerve. The optic nerve is the main nerve to the eye (located in the back of the eye) that is responsible for transmitting electrical impulses to the brain.

3What are the types of Glaucoma?

There are many types of glaucoma, but the two most common types are open-angle glaucoma and closed angle (angle-closure) glaucoma.

Closed angle glaucoma, (also called acute glaucoma or angle closure glaucoma), accounts for about 9 percent of all glaucoma cases and occurs when the opening between the cornea and iris narrows, such that the fluid cannot get to the trabecular meshwork and normal drainage channels.

Open-angle glaucoma, (also called primary open-angle glaucoma and chronic glaucoma) accounts for 90 percent of all glaucoma cases and occurs when the trabecular meshwork becomes blocked and the fluid can't get to the normal drainage canals.

4What are the risk factors of Glaucoma?

There is a 20 percent chance of developing glaucoma if a parent had it and 50 percent chance if a sibling has it.

If a person is 65 to 79 years of age, there is a 3 percent chance of developing glaucoma.

Race - Blacks are three to four times more likely than Caucasians to develop glaucoma.

Asians and Eskimos are more likely to develop glaucoma than Caucasians.

If the person is 80 years of age or older, there is a 14 percent of developing glaucoma.

Medical conditions, such as morning headaches, diabetes, lupus, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, myopia (nearsightedness), and high blood pressure and also the use of topical steroid (prednisone or cortisone) medications can also lead to Glaucoma.

5What are the symptoms of Glaucoma?

Tiny blind spots appear at the edges of the visual field (peripheral or side vision) that slowly get larger and spread

Blurred vision

Appearance of colored halos around lights

Adjustment problems on entering a dark room

Repeated difficulties that new eyeglass prescriptions do not help

Peripheral (side) vision is decreasing

Severely blurred vision

Severe eye and head pain

Nausea or vomiting

Appearance of rainbow-colored halos around bright lights

Rapid loss of vision

6What are the Preventions?

While glaucoma cannot be prevented, the earlier it is diagnosed the better. Recommendations for early detection include

1. Have a test every two to four years if you are between the ages of 40 and 65.

2. Have a test every one to two years.

7What are the treatments?

Three types of treatments are available for Glaucoma 1) medication -- eye drops and pills, 2) laser procedures and 3) incision surgery.

Medications

Laser procedures

Incision surgery

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