History ISU

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Transcript of History ISU

a The 1950s 1950s Overview The 1950s were a time of entertainment, technological advancement and economic surge. Wars The Korean War The North Korean invasion The Korean war was a war between South Korea (supported by the United Nations) and North Korea (supported by China and the Soviet Union). - On June 25 1950, North Korea initiated open warfare by invading South Korea (their immediate neighbors), with the Soviet Union's support in the form of weapons and supplies. Korea pre-invasion Korea post-invasion As result of the aggressive actions taken by North Korea the United Nations authorized an international military force to drive the North Korean invaders out of South Korea. Canada's involvement Canada was one of 16 other country's to join the UN's effort to resist the North Korean Force. However North Korea had the support of the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. The United States led the UN's charge; it was the first time Canadian troops were under the U.S.A's command. Canada's largest contribution was agreeing to supply three large battleships and thousands of volunteer troops sent to fight in Korea. Aftermath The Korean war was seen as the first major test of the United Nations. They had emerged victorious and America had shown its military strength. North Korea had gained almost no land, however it did and still remains a communist country. The total casualties of the war were as follows;Total dead: - 367,283-750,282Total wounded: 686,500-789,000 Canada's total casualties were as follows;312 dead1,212 wounded1 MIA32 POW As for Canada, the war resulted in a change in Canada's foreign policy. Prior to this war Canada was loyal to Britain. Now, the United States had become Canada`s closest ally. Suez Crisis The Suez crisis of 1956 was caused by tension between Britain, France, Israel and Egypt. Causes of the Crisis The Suez canal was a major waterway for trade between the Middle East and the rest of the world. The Suez canal The new Jewish homeland At the time the canal was controlled by Britain and France, the Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, wanted to nationalize the Suez Canal for Egypt's own beneficial reasons. Britain and France had no other nations support so they decided to make a secret agreement with Israel. The plan was that Israel would invade Egypt, Britain and France would demand the two countries leave the area. Israel would comply and they knew Egypt would refuse, then Britain and France would launch a bombing campaign on Egypt. The international response to France and Britain's actions was negative. The Soviet Union threatened nuclear attacks on the countries, Canada and the US demanded they withdraw from Egypt. Prior to World War Two most of the Jewish holocaust survivors felt unsafe in Europe. Some of the Allied forces (Canada, Unites States, Britain and France) moved the Jewish Holocaust survivors to the Arab state of Palestine. The situation had the potential to lead to a major confrontation. Canada's Role Canada undoubtedly played the largest role worldwide in diffusing the Suez crisis. As tensions rose in the Middle-East, the UN (United Nations) desperately searched for a solution. The question was, how could they diffuse the fragile situation without sparking an even larger confrontation. Lester B. Pearson At the time Lester B. Pearson (Canada's future Prime Minister) was Canada's secretary of state for External Affairs. It was he who proposed the worlds first international peacekeeping mission, he fought hard to get it approved by the UN and his work payed off. The UN's peacekeeping mission was a huge success because the British, French and Israel were driven out of Egypt resulting in many lives spared. Pearson was awarded that years Nobel Peace Prize. Since the UN's first peacekeeping mission in 1956 Canada has been involved in every one of the UN's peacekeeping missions to date. Casualties Israel - 231 KilledUnited Kingdom - 16 killedFrance - 10 killedEgyptian civilians and soldiers - 1000 (approximately) Algerian War A French Algeria The Algerian war (or Algerian revolution) was a revolution against France by the Algerian independence seekers. The conflict also turned into a civil war between those who sought independence from the French, and those who did not. The war lasted from November 1954 to March 1962. In 1830 France ruthlessly invaded Algeria, in 1834 Algeria officially became a military colony of France and in 1948 they became an official part of France. The Algerian natives were unhappy with this hostile takeover. The Revolution In the morning of November 1st 1954 Algerian revolutionists launched several attacks against the french military and french civilians. The pro-revolution Algerians fought against the French for eight long years. The result was victory for the pro-revolutionary's. On March 19 1962 French troops evacuated Algeria and they became an independent nation. Aftermath By the end of the revolution there had been many lives had been lost. Between troops and civilians there was an estimated 400,000 to 1,400,000 deaths. Many of the deaths were innocent victims of bombing. The Hungarian Uprising The Hungarian uprising (or revolution) was a quick, spontaneous revolution against the Soviet Union influenced Hungarian government. The First Days The nationwide revolution started as a student protest. The protesters were peaceful, once the number gathered into the thousands the government ordered troops to open fire on the protestors without warning. News of the horrific act spread across Hungary. That was the last straw, and the people of Hungary now wanted a revolution. The Revolution Ultimately the revolution failed to overthrow the Hungarian government. The super power that was the Soviet Union killed thousands of protesters and snuffed any hope of a revolution. Aftermath In the end, there was a massive loss of civilian life.- Approximately 3000 Hungarian civilians were killed.- Also approximately another 13,000 wounded.The Soviets also had some casualties- 722 troops were killed by the Hungarian revolutionists. Hungarian protesters breaking down a statue of Joseph Stalin in Budapest, Hungary Algerian protestors clash with French soldiers Internal Conflicts Cuban Revolution The Cuban Revolution of 1953 to 1959 was an over throw of the communist government to be replaced with a different communist government. The Early Stages The revolution began in July 1953. Fidel Castro was the leader of the revolution. He organized a small armed attack against the current government. Several of his men were killed and others including himself were imprisoned. The Revolution The pro-revolution Cubans were outraged and protested until Fidel Castro was finally released in 1955. After his release he did not stop in trying to overthrow the current government. His guerrilla tactics wore down the government in power. On January 1 1959 Castro overthrew the current government with his own communist government. Although he claimed it was not communist. Fidel Castro Fidel Castro after being arrested Mau Mau Uprising The Mau Mau revolution was an uprising of the Kenyan natives who sought independence from British rule. Significant Political Events The European common Market The European Common Market or EEC was an international organization formed in 1957. It was created by six countries in western Europe ( Belgium, France, Germany Italy and Luxemburg).The purposes of the EEC to create the benefits of a common market between the six countries. The Guatemalan Overthrow The 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état or the Guatemalan Overthrow", was hostile invasion by anti-communists. The CIA was strongly against communism and overthrew the Guatemalan government (which was communist) and handed the power over to a democratic Guatemalan government. Britain's Rule over Kenya In 1895 Britain took control of Kenya, they made them an official colony of Britain. All the Kenyan laws and government were under strong British influence. The Kenyan people were very unsatisfied with their government and wanted to be in control of their own government. The Conflict The war between the Mau Mau independence seekers and the British military lasted for eight years until the revolution leader Dedan Kimathi was captured and imprisoned in 1956. This marked the beginning of the end for the rebels. In 1960 Britain Officially won the war and crushed the revolution. Outcome Although the original revolution was crushed, it is argued that the failed revolution set the stage for the successful revolution of 1963, where the Kenyans gained their independence. CasualtiesMau Mau- 12,000 killed (officially)Mau Mau- 20,000+ killed (unofficial)British soldiers- 200 killedKenyan Civilians- 1,819 killed A British Colonial ordering Kenyan Natives Armed Kenyan Mau Mau soliders The six countries involved in the E.E.C. Fidel Castro Takes Over Fidel Fidel Castro's success in overthrowing the Cuban government left him in power of Cuba. Ultimately he kept a communist type government in Cuba Dr. Francois Duvalier Dr. Francois Duvalier or "Papa Doc"was the dictator of Haiti 1957 until his death in 1971. He was originally a Haitian doctor fighting tropical diseases, but he then pursued a political career. He eventually became the dictator of Haiti. He encouraged voodoo and thoght of himself as the reincarnation of Haiti. He had some loyal followers but most of the country was unhappy with his ruling. Upon his death in 1971 his son Jean-Cleaude Duvalier took his place as dictator of Haiti. China invades Tibet In October of 1950 the Peoples Republic of China launched an invasion on Tibet. Prior to the invasion the Peoples Republic of China and Tibet were negotiating whether or not Tibet would become a part of China, and if so on what terms. On October 6 1950, after months of failed negotiations the Peoples Republic of China invaded the Tibetan border town of Qamdo. By October 19 1950 they had conquered the capital of Tibet Lhasa. During the invasion the Chinese sparred many lives, they did not attach civilians, bomb public places or kill soldiers they did not need to. They even treated the prisoners of war with hospitality. They did not want to anger Tibet if they were going to soon be a part of the Peoples Republic of China. Casualties Tibetan soldiers - 180 killed/woundedChinese soldiers - 114 killed/woundedCivilians - 0 killed/wounded Queen Elizabeth Queen Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary) was born April 21 1926. She was Queen of England from 1952 to present day. Her Father was King George IV. Queen Elizabeth was named Queen of England February 6 1952 Queen Elizabeth II being crowned the Queen of England Elizabeth married Philip Mountbatten November 20 1947. He is now known as Prince Phillip. Queen Elizabeth II in 1952 Queen Elizabeth celebrating her 60th year as Queen. -2012 Mt. Everest Conquered Edmund Percival Hillary was born July 20 1919 in Tuakau, New Zealand. Mount Everest is the tallest mountain on the earths surface. It stands 8,848 m tall and is located in Nepal. Until May 29 1953 no man or Woman had ever been to its highest peak. In March of 1953 he, Nepalese mountaineer Tenzing Norgay and a support team started the amazing journey up the face of mount Everest. On may 29 1953 Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay became the first people to officially reach the top of Mount Everest. Grace Kelly Marries Grace Kelly was a famous American Actress born on November 12 1929. Prince Ranier III was born into being the prince of Monacco, he was born on May 31 1923. Married The couple were married on April 18, 1956 in Monaco. It was extremely important to Monaco that Prince Ranier produce an heir, otherwise their country would by agreement be turned back over to French rule. Opening of Disneyland Disneyland Park or "Disneyland" was opened in Anaheim California July 17, 1955, spanning 160 acres. It was the only park to be built under the orders of Walt Disney ( the founder of Disney). Today, it is one of the most visited Parks world wide. In 2011, the park hosted approximately 16.14 million guests, making it the second most visited park in the world. Since its opening it has hosted more than 600 million guests. Joseph McCarthy Joseph Raymond "Joe" McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) Joesph McCarthy was a republican politician. He was a "poster boy" for anti-communism. He spoke very publicly about his strong feelings against communism. He often accused american citizens of being soviet spies. Space Exploration Sputnik I Sputnik I was launched October 4 1957, it was 585 mm long and carried a radio antenna to respond to messages sent to the satellite. Sputnik I continuously sent back signals for 22 days until the battery's ran out in the Satellite. It fell from Earth's orbit January 4 1958, it was incinerated as it fell from the orbit. Sputnik I was a Soviet Union owned satellite. It was the first satellite to be sent into outer space. For the Soviet Union the mission marked was than just a feat for all of man kind, it was a large victory in the Cold War. By beating America in the race to send their respective sattalites first they showed the U.S. that they were very capable in space exploration. A Soviet scientist working on Sputnik I Technology PaperMate Copy Machine The first Xerox copy machines were made in the 1950s and discovered and patented by Chester Carlsonn in the 1930s. Xerox 913, the first office copy machine was launched in 1959. Polio Vaccine There are two types of Polio vaccines: poliomyelitis a dead injected dosage and oral polio vaccine which is a live dosage that is harmless. The first effective polio vaccine was developed and tested in 1952. Polio was a disease that affected many people prior to the vaccine. There was no cure and very little hope to those who had it. First Plastic Coke Bottle In 1950 small team of scientists and innovators led by Nathaniel Wyeth invented a 2l plastic bottle. They were payed by Coca Cola. Watson and Crick James D. Watson and Francis Crick are two scientist who discovered the structure of DNA in 1953. They proposed that the DNA structure has a double helical structure. They received a Nobel prize for their work NASA NASA was created on October 1st 1958 from the NACA(National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics). When NASA was created they had 8000 employes and a annual budget of 100million First Passenger Jet April 1952 –Worlds first passenger jet airline London- Johannesburg. It was named the BOAC comet. -Oct. 7, just six days after NASA began operation, the first American human space flight program, Project Mercury, was initiated. 1952 Nevada A Bomb Test Fashion Poodle Skirts Poodle skirts were very popular clothing articles for women in the 1950's. It was a skirt with a tight waist that gradually got larger/wider as it went down. Pedal Pushers Pedal pushers are calf-length trousers that were popular during the 1950s. Often cuffed and worn tight to the skin The name "pedal pushers" originated from the style originally worn by cyclists. Jeans Starting in the 1950s, jeans, originally designed for cowboys, became popular among teenagers, especially members of the "reaser"subculture. TV Shows "Leave it to Beaver" was a comedy about a boy named Theodore ("The Beaver") and the adventures he has at home,in school and in his suburban neighborhood. Leave it to Beaver The Twilight Zone "The Twilight Zone" was a science fiction/fantasy. It ran for 5 seasons. What's My Line "What's My Line" was a panel game show where guests had to guess the occupation of a mystery guest. I Love Lucy "I Love Lucy" was a sitcom that ran from October 15, 1951, to May 6, 1957 Dragnet Dragnet is a radio and television crime drama about the cases of a dedicated Los Angeles police detective, Sergeant Joe Friday, and his partners. The Tonight Show "The Tonight Show" was a nightly show that had several hosts over the years. It discussed current events, interviewed celebrity and had comedic parts. The Honeymooners The Honeymooners was one of the first U.S. television shows to portray working-class married couples in a grittier non-idyllic manner living in a run down Brooklyn apartment complex. Hockey Night in Canada Hockey night in Canada started as a radio broadcasting, then became a weekly show. It Showed two consecutive hockey games involving Canadian teams every saturday night duuring the NHL season Gun Smoke "Gun Smoke was a action/drama set in the "wild west". Movies Singin' in the rain 12 Angry Men Bridge on the River Kwai On the Waterfront Rebel Without a Cause Some like it Hot The Searchers Ben Hur All About Eve Rear Window 1952 1957 1957 1954 1955 1959 1956 1959 1950 1954 Music Elvis Presely Top Song "Heartbreak Hotel" (1956)Released on January 27, 1956, this heart-wrenching tune was inspired by a suicide note printed in The Miami Herald. The tune didn't catch the public's attention until Elvis started appearing on television in the months following its release.All of Elvis Presley songs were famous. The thing that made all his songs top hits was him. Everybody loved Elvis, especially the women, for his good looks. Richie Valens Buddy Holly:Top Song: “That’ll be the day” Chuck Berry (The father of rock and roll):Gained success by watching the audience’s reaction and playing accordingly, putting his listeners’ amusement above all else. Bill Haley and the Comets: Top Song: rock around the clock Bobby Darin:Top Song: splish splash Nat king cole:Top Song: Mona Lisa Johnny Cash:Folsom Prison Blues The Everly Brothers:Top Song: All I have to do is dream ports Olympics 1952 Summer Olympics held in Helsinki, Finland1952 Winter Olympics held in Oslo, Norway1956 Summer Olympics held in Melbourne, Australia1956 Winter Olympics held in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy FIFA World Cups 1950 World Cup hosted by Brazil, won by Uruguay1954 World Cup hosted by Switzerland, won by West Germany1958 World Cup hosted by Sweden, won by Brazil World Series -1950- New York Yankees defeat Philedelphia Phillies

1951 New York Yankees defeat New York Giants

1952 New York Yankees defeat Brooklyn Dodgers

1953 New York Yankees defeat Brooklyn Dodgers

1954 New York Giants defeat Cleveland Indians

1955 Brooklyn Dodgers defeat New York Yankees

1956 New York Yankees defeat Brooklyn Dodgers

1957 Milwaukee Braves defeat New York Yankees

1958 New York Yankees defeat Milwaukee Braves

1959 Los Angeles Dodgers defeat Chicago White Sox The first hydrogen bomb, codenamed "Mike", was tested at the Enewetak atoll in the Marshall Islands on November 1 in 1952 The "H" Bomb A Canadian War Memorialin South Korea. By: Ernie Miller, Daniel Pace, Dave Ramesh and Mark Smith. Canada's Decade Canada showed its military strength and control to the world by successfully taking part in peacekeeping missions while remaining unbiased. Canadians invented many things in many fields of work. Such as the electric wheelchair, the ice hockey goalie mask, instant replay, the garbage bag, alkaline batteries and many more.