Djelfa University –Faculty of Life Sciences –Agronomy Department-Level/ 2nd Year

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Exam In Scientific English

Read the text carefully than answer the following questions:

*Agricultural scientists study plants and soils. They use science to protect, develop, and managethese resources. Agricultural science is similar to biology. Agricultural scientists use the principles ofbiology, chemistry, and other sciences to solve problems in agriculture. These problems are usuallywith insects, crops, or soil use. The work agricultural scientists do plays an important part inincreasing food production. Agricultural scientists study plants and soils to develop ways ofimproving food quantity and quality. They look for ways to improve how crops are grown. Theyalso try to find ways to grow crops using less labor and chemicals. Agricultural scientists try to findbetter, safer ways to control pests and weeds. They also study ways to conserve soil and water. Theyresearch ways of turning raw agricultural products into attractive and healthy food products forconsumers. Agricultural scientists may also work in range systems, meaning they work withlivestock as well as plants and soil.

Another name for scientists who work with plants or crops is agronomists. Agronomists developmethods of growing crops with higher yields and improved characteristics. Their main approach tocrop improvement is changing the seeds. Sometimes agronomists use genetic engineering to developcrops which are resistant to pests and drought. Thus, they examine the genetics, cellular biology,breeding, and physiology of crops. Other agronomists identify and classify the insects that affectcrops. They may research ways to develop new pesticides or other ways to keep bugs fromspreading. They also may vary the way crops are grown and managed. Much of an agronomist's timeis spent planning and conducting studies of crop yields.

Soil scientists study the physics, microbiology, mineralogy, and fertility of soil. They study what soilis made of and how different soils affect crops. In addition, they study how soil is managed whilegrowing crops. This includes how soils respond to fertilizer and crop rotation. Some scientistsconduct surveys in which they classify and map soils. Soil scientists also develop ways to protectthe soil. Using the results of their studies, they provide information to farmers and other landownersabout the best use of land. They recommend how to avoid or correct problems such as erosion. Soilscientists may also consult with engineers and other technical workers about construction projects.They talk about how to solve soil problems in urban and rural areas. Soil science is closely related toenvironmental science.

Many agricultural scientists work in basic or applied research. Basic research is study for the sake ofknowledge and understanding, rather than for creating or inventing products. Most basic researchhappens in colleges or universities. In contrast, applied research scientists take basic researchfindings and use them to create products or solutions. Many agricultural scientists manage researchand development programs. Others manage marketing or production for businesses.

1-How many paragraphs are there in the text? Give a title for each one?

3-What do the underlined words in the text refer to? They – They –their –they – them. 1/2