That the problems of today's black Americans are a result of a legacy of slavery, racial discrimination and poverty has achieved an axiomatic status, thought to be self-evident and beyond question. This is what academics and the civil rights establishment have taught. But as with so much of what's claimed by leftists, there is little evidence to support it.

Or could it be the residual effects of our slavery by another name legal system that incarcerates a high percentage of black males so the cycle of children being raised by single mothers is perpetuated?

Not a statistician but I suspect that we incarcerate a higher percentage of black males because black males commit a disproportionate amount of crimes. So no, I'd say that it's not it. It's exactly as Dr. Williams stated it.

Hey lifelonglearner - According to the FBI despite being around 13% of the population of the US black offs account for almost 50% of murders. Residual effects of slavery could be the root cause of this tragic statistic, but I'm going with failed liberal social policies and the breakdown of the family within the inner city black community facilitated by "government assistance" programs.