Deir Medina is the modern name of an Egyptian village situated on the west bank
of the Nile opposite Luxor or the site of ancient Thebes. The village was inhabited by workmen who were responsible for the construction and decoration of the royal tombs from the New Kingdom. The exploration of Medina has yielded a huge quantity of artefacts and texts written on ostraca or papyri which offer a unique view into the daily life of an ancient Egyptian community ...

Deir el Medina was different from any other village of its time. The
workmen who lived there with their families were better educated and
better paid than the vast majority of their contemporaries; they were
craftsmen in a land of tenant farmers; and they were administered directly by the office of the vizier. It is precisely because of its distinctive
features, particularly its desert location and its inhabitants’ very exceptional rate of literacy, that we know so much about this village, but its
peculiarities also mean that what we learn from Deir el Medina may not
be applicable to the rest of Egypt. One assumes that the tomb builders
would not have been entirely different from other Egyptians, despite the
exceptional circumstances in which they lived and worked, since they
interacted with their contemporaries in the outside world. If they bought
and sold in the west Theban markets, intermarried with the Theban
population and visited the Theban temples, then prices, marriage customs, and religious beliefs in Deir el Medina quite probably reflected those of the greater society. Of course, if they had little or no contact
with the rest of the population, then the thousands of texts from the
workmen’s community are much less relevant to our understanding of
the New Kingdom in general (Page 41 1).