Andy Warhol might have made a career out of “photographing depravity and calling it truth,” according to TIME’s 1968 assessment, but even he had his limits — and Valerie Solanas’ brand of depravity was too far out even for this “blond guru of a nightmare world.”

Solanas, a writer and women’s rights activist, pushed feminism to radical new heights in 1967, when she founded the Society for Cutting Up Men (she was its only member) and self-published the SCUM Manifesto, which begins:

Life in this society being at best an utter bore and no aspect of society being at all relevant to women, there remains to civic-minded, responsible, thrill-seeking females only to overthrow the government, eliminate the money system, institute complete automation and eliminate the male sex.

She’d crossed paths with Warhol two years earlier, badgering him to produce a play she had written. He passed, later saying that he had skimmed the satirical and highly scatological script and found it so obscene that he “suspected Ms. Solanas was working for the police on ‘some kind of entrapment,’” per the New York Times.

Solanas occupied a place so far on the fringes of the avant-garde scene at Warhol’s Factory that the pair probably wouldn’t be mentioned in the same breath today — except that she forced herself into the historical record on this day, June 3, in 1968, when she shot and critically wounded Warhol, apparently outraged by his rejection and the fact that he had lost his copy of her play.

Andy's World: Rare Photographs From Warhol's Own Camera

Bianca Jagger, 1979

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

John Lennon and Victor Hugo

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Martha Graham, 1979

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Bruce Springsteen

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Fran Lebowitz and Karl Lagerfeld, 1984

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Jay Shriver, 1982

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Valentino, 1973

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Liberace

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Bob Colacello, 1977

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Jean-Michel Basquiat in Bed

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Andy Warhol Self Portrait in Drag, 1981

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Truman Capote with Cake

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Andre Leon Talley, 1984

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Jed Johnson, 1973

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

John Gould in Sea, 1982

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Keith Haring and Juan 2

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Jed Johnson in Bathtub, 1980

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

O.J. Simpson, 1977

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Couple with Balloons, Plaza Hotel, New York City

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

Mick Jagger, 1977

Andy Warhol—Courtesy of Jim Hedges

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The shooting brought Solanas the attention she craved, although mainstream feminist organizations, including the National Organization for Women, distanced themselves and disavowed her agenda. Solanas pleaded guilty to assault and was sentenced to three years in prison after being found competent to stand trial. She was later diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Warhol, meanwhile, spent two months in the hospital recuperating from surgeries to repair his damaged lungs, esophagus, spleen, liver and stomach, and in some ways he never fully recovered. His injuries were so severe that he had to wear a surgical corset for the rest of his life, according to the Andy Warhol Museum.

The mental anguish lingered as well. “Since I was shot, everything is such a dream to me. I don’t know what anything is about,” he told the New York Times near the end of 1968. “Like I don’t even know whether or not I’m really alive or—whether I died. It’s sad.”

His experience left him so afraid of hospitals that he refused surgery after being diagnosed with a gallstone in 1973, his doctor told the Times.

“He was convinced if he was hospitalized, he would die,” the doctor said.

Unable to put off treatment after his gallbladder became infected, he finally underwent surgery on Feb. 21, 1987. He died the next day, of a heart attack.

Read more about the shooting, from 1968, here in the TIME archives: Felled by Scum

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