Disease Pathogenesis

Abstract

Comparative studies between differentially susceptible populations within a species and between closely related species are enormously powerful systems to interrogate the processes that lead to disease. Viral pathogenesis represents the sum of viral virulence factors and host susceptibility that lead to disease outcome. The suite of biological mechanisms involved during this process is complex and the outcome of infection can differ depending on variation in the virus, the host or through environmental influences. Consequently, studies using the natural viral host species offer the detailed information needed to advance our understanding of these complex processes. Many of the viral pathogens we study cause differential disease within and between animal hosts. Susceptible species that do not show clinical signs can act as important virus reservoirs influencing viral evolution and transmission. Pirbright is uniquely placed with the capability to examine different host species responses to specific viral infections. These insights into the processes leading to disease are powerful tools to both identify future targets for disease control and for ensuring that any control strategies are not likely to exacerbate disease.Pirbright is uniquely placed to examine the contribution of host genetics to differential immune responses. These complex traits are challenging to study, often requiring targeted and bespoke analysis in combination with more typical whole genome analyses. This has great potential to identify targets for gene editing to explore immune function in vitro, improve resilience and vaccine responses through informed breeding and potentially lead to developing transgenic animals.Mathematical modelling of within-host dynamics has the potential to help understand mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and, in particular, factors influencing different clinical outcomes of infection. Moreover, it also provides a means to link pathogenesis with infectiousness and, hence, transmission between individuals.

Objective 1We have developed many tools to study influenza immunity in pigs. Our data suggest that T cells can reduce severity of disease and pathology but not reliably decrease viral load. We have also demonstrated the utility of the pig influenza model in testing the protective efficacy of human therapeutic antibodies and investigating the role of Fc-FcR interactions in protective immunity. H9N2 avian influenza viruses cause mild to severe clinical disease in poultry. These viruses also infect humans and pigs. Our studies defined the precise mechanisms by which non-structural proteins 1 (NS1) from different H9N2 virus strains impact on viral pathogenesis by altering host immune responses.Influenza A viruses (IAV), including avian viruses, directly bind to human co-factor H (FH) protein and that this interaction is mediated by the influenza HA protein. Mapping the interacting domains of FH reveals they are common with other pathogens and close to the receptor binding site. We are now determining if this is a novel innate defence mechanism or a strategy employed by the virus to avoid the complement system. We have used peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) as a model to disscect differential immune responses. Small ruminants (goats and sheep) are susceptible while domesticated cattle and buffalo are sub-clinically infected. Transcriptome data from goat and cattle experimentally infected with PPRV in vitro demonstrates that differential susceptibility is based on induction of type-I interferons and some specific effector molecules.

Objective 2We have examined the extent of genetic diversity in indigenous and rare breed birds in comparison to our inbred lines and commercial breeds of layers and broilers in relation to key immune gene complexes. We have annotated immunogenetic variation in nine new ruminant genomes. This variation is now being mapped in populations to develop tools that will link variable immune responses with genetic variation.Marek's disease virus (MDV)-encoded miR-155 ortholog mdv-miR-M4, previously shown to be critical for the induction of lymphomas, are not essential for the continued proliferation of the MDV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. MDV-miR-M4-deleted cell lines proliferated at similar levels as the wild type cells.

Objective 3No vaccine is available for African swine fever virus (ASFV). The ASFV encoded CD2v protein has a role in virus persistence and a predive model of the ligand binding domain has been produced to examine the effect of amino acid substitutions. We have also identified several proteins that modulate the autophagy pathway that may play a role in disease pathogenesis.An initial model has been developed to describe the dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle and, specifically, changes over time in viral titres in different compartments (blood, nasal fluid and oropharyngeal fluid). This model has been linked with a simple transmission model to explore the relationship between viral titre in the host and the probability of transmission.

Exploitation Route

• Research outcomes enabling the policy makers to make inform decisions to implement risk-based control measures to reduce the impact of emerging avian influenza viruses on both animals and humans. • More effective vaccines produced through this project are enabling reduction in virus circulation in environment thereby lessening both direct damage to poultry industry and the zoonotic transmission to humans. • More accurate and rapid diagnostics produced through this project are enabling rapid decision making for implementation of optimal control measures in response to disease outbreak. • Enhanced collaboration and co-production through this project is enhancing the science-based in the UK and the international collaborating institutions in the shape of research capacity and skills that are facilitating medium to long-term science-based gains in productivity in livestock and poultry farming systems• The methods could be used to analyse T cell responses to vaccines against other poultry pathogens, and examine host-pathogen interaction against other viral infections in chickens.• Provide vital information to the UK agriculture sector in preparing for a potential incursion of BTV in 2019. Study outcomes will enable evidence based decisions of policy makers, veterinarians and farmers. • Identification of molecular pathways associated with the miR-155 expression could be taken up for developing potential novel intervention strategies against lymphomas in different species including humans by the pharmaceutical industry.

Sectors

Agriculture, Food and Drink

Description

Information obtained using a bovine challenge model RSV is being used to inform human challenge models. As part of the Human Infection Challenge Network, our work underpins the development of policies to regulate, enhance and support human challenge models in the UK and EU. In coordination with regulatory agencies and funding bodies, our work is being used to determine new regulatory frameworks for human challenge studies.
The data generated by this research has allowed additional funding from other sources including EU and UKRI responsive mode. In addition, the genomic and functional data for the avian immune genes has provided fundamental data for the analysis these genes in additional species. This should enhance the quality of life and health of livestock and those involved in livestock farming.
The research identified factors that aiding virulence and persistence of avian influenza viruses in different animals and bird species. The outcome of this research directly feed into surveillance and risk assessment of emerging and re-emerging viruses, enabling implementation of rapid and appropriate disease mitigation strategies.

The contribution to the Terrestrial Manual on the recent advances in the diagnosis and control of Marek's disease will impact on improved and better control of the disease to reduce losses and improved food security

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious disease, severely affects small ruminants in almost 70 countries in Africa, the Middle East and parts of Asia. It causes USD 1.5 to 2 billion in losses each year in regions that are home to over 80% of the world's sheep and goats and to more than 330 million of the world's poorest people, many of whom depend on them for their livelihoods. The estimated current expenditure on PPR vaccination ranges between USD 270 and 380 million. The annual impact of PPR alone may be valued at between USD 1.45 and 2.1 billion per year. Approximately a third of the global financial burden of PPR is borne by Africa, with a further quarter borne by South Asia. This burden will be removed with the successful eradication of PPR. The undiscounted costs for a fifteen-year Global control Strategy of FAO and OIE are between USD 7.6 and 9.1 billion, with the first five years costing between USD 2.5 and 3.1 billion. (http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4460e.pdf). PPR is currently controlled by vaccination using mainly two live attenuated PPRV vaccines (Nigeria 75/1 and Sungri 96). However, the current vaccines and serological tests are unable to enable Differentiation between naturally Infected and Vaccinated Animals (DIVA). This factor precludes meaningful assessment of vaccine coverage and epidemiological surveillance based on serology, in turn reducing the efficiency of control programmes. Therefore, it is almost impossible to assess the quality and efficacy of existing PPR vaccines without knowing whether positive animals are vaccinated or naturally infected. Unlike rinderpest, where cattle and buffalo were primary hosts, in PPR, new crops (about 30-40%) of lambs and kids are produced every year and are the most susceptible population to bring back new PPR outbreaks6&7. Therefore, it is likely that the cycle of vaccinations and PPR outbreaks will continue until and unless we reach the stage of 80-90% herd immunity. Therefore, development of a marker vaccine and associated DIVA diagnostics will enable the assessment of vaccine efficacy which is essential for any successful vaccination campaign.
https://www.pirbright.ac.uk/news/2018/09/pirbright-scientists-run-vaccination-campaign-eradicate-peste-des-petits-ruminant
The availability of a recombinant PPRV vaccine with a proven functionality is a prerequisite for the development of novel vaccines that may enable the development of DIVA tools for PPRV diagnostics. In the DBT-BBSRC FADH BB/L004801/1 grant we have rescued Sungri 96 and Nigeria 75/1 vaccine strains. Both the vaccine strains were rescued from respective synthetic c-DNA clones with mutations in the variable part of C terminus of the nucleocapsid (N) gene similar to Dolphin Morbillivirus (DMV) to enable negative marker DIVA vaccines. These two DIVA vaccines along with parental vaccines have been recently tested in a pilot studies in goats. Both the DIVA and parent vaccines provided safety, stability and protection for vaccinated goats whereas the control animals were clinically infected. Patent applications have been made to protect these DIVA vaccines. Agreements are being done with vaccine industries for the licensing and commercialisation.

As part of the Management committee of the Oxford-Pirbright-Oxford Brookes-Diamond doctorate Training Partnership, contributed to the success of the DTP in meeting the objectives, recruitment and review

SFS-10-2017 - Research and approaches for emerging diseases and pests in plants and terrestrial livestock: Addressing the dual emerging threats of African Swine Fever and Lumpy Skin Disease in Europe (DEFEND)

Recently, it has become possible to culture chicken primary B cells in vitro in the presence of a soluble construct of chicken CD40L that was made at The Pirbright Institute. We have demonstrated that these chicken primary B cells can be infected with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). This system will be validated and expanded to other B cell tropic viruses in order to replace the use of infected chickens in research, in an NC3Rs funded grant.

Type Of Material

Model of mechanisms or symptoms - in vitro

Year Produced

2017

Provided To Others?

Yes

Impact

Using this system, we have determined that chicken primary B cells respond to IBDV infection by inducing Type I IFN responses. However, the induction is more pronounced in cells infected with an attenuated strain compared to a very virulent strain. This is consistent with the very virulent strain down-regulating antiviral responses to a greater extent than other strains which may, in part, explain its enhanced virulence. We also observed a reduction in the expression of key genes involved in B cell proliferation and activation following IBDV infection which was only possible by using the primary B cell culture system.

Using the sequence data generated through the targeted pull down of MHC, we developed a full gene and more targeted PCR approach to genotype cattle for the MHC class I region. This has been applied to many hundreds of samples to enable us to select individuals for breeding as well as survey genetic diversity in beef and diary herds.

Type Of Material

Technology assay or reagent

Year Produced

2018

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

After publication which we anticipate in 2019, we will appy this method to targeted herds and are already attracting industry interest.

The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) protein family comprises a class of restriction factors widely characterised in humans for their potent antiviral activity. Their biological activity is well documented in several animal species, but their genetic variation and biological mechanism is less well understood, particularly in avian species. Here we report the complete sequence of the domestic chicken Gallus gallus IFITM locus from a wide variety of chicken breeds to examine the detailed pattern of genetic variation of the locus on chromosome 5, including the flanking genes ATHL1 and B4GALNT4. We have generated chIFITM sequences from commercial breeds (supermarket-derived chicken breasts), ancient bone samples, indigenous chickens from Nigeria (Nsukka) and Ethiopia, European breeds and inbred chicken lines from The Pirbright Institute, totalling of 211 chickens. Through mapping of genetic variants to the latest chIFITM consensus sequence our data reveal that the chIFITM locus does not show structural variation in the locus across the populations analysed, despite spanning diverse breeds from different geographic locations. However, single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in functionally important regions of the proteins within certain groups of chickens were detected, in particular the European breeds and indigenous birds from Ethiopia and Nigeria. In addition, we also found that two out of four SNVs located in the chIFITM1 (Ser36 and Arg77) and chIFITM3 (Val103) proteins were simultaneously under positive selection. Together these data suggest that IFITM genetic variation may contribute to the capacities of different chicken populations to resist viral infection.

This new method will help to detect recombinant HVT vaccine expressing HA antigen in infected cell.

Title

Development of tetramers to study immune responses in pigs

Description

The pig is a natural and important host of influenza viruses and is physiologically more comparable to humans than other animal models in terms of size, respiratory tract biology and volume. It is also an important vector in the birds to human infection cycle. A major drawback of the current pig model is the inability to analyze antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses, which are critical to respiratory immunity. We addressed this knowledge gap using an established in-bred pig model with a high degree of genetic identity between individuals, including the MHC (Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA)) locus. We developed a toolset that included long-term in vitro pig T-cell culture and cloning and identification of novel immunodominant influenza-derived T-cell epitopes. We also generated structures of the two SLA class I molecules found in these animals presenting the immunodominant epitopes. These structures allowed definition of the primary anchor points for epitopes in the SLA binding groove and established SLA binding motifs that were used to successfully predict other influenza-derived peptide sequences capable of stimulating T-cells.

Type Of Material

Technology assay or reagent

Year Produced

2017

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

Peptide-SLA tetramers were constructed and used to track influenza-specific T-cells ex vivo in blood, the lungs and draining lymph nodes. Aerosol immunization with attenuated single cycle influenza viruses (S-FLU) induced large numbers of CD8+ T-cells specific for conserved NP peptides in the respiratory tract. Collectively, these data substantially increase the utility of pigs as an effective model for studying protective local cellular immunity against respiratory pathogens.

Title

IBDV Reverse Genetics System

Description

We have developed a reverse genetics system for IBDV.

Type Of Material

Technology assay or reagent

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

We have used the reverse genetics system to generate recombinant IBDVs and chimeric recombinant IBDVs that contain genes from classical and very virulent strains of IBDV in the background of a cell culture adapted attenuated strain. This will enable us to study the effect of individual virus genes on pathogenicity.

The titer of IBDV has traditionally been determined by infecting embryos, humanely culling them at embryonic day 18 and then observing the number that show growth abnormalities due to virus. As this goes beyond 2/3 gestation (14 embryonic days), this falls under Home Office Legislation. We demonstrated that the immortalised B cell line, DT40, could be used to titrate IBDV instead, replacing the use of embryos. This is being written up into a manuscript currently.

Type Of Material

Technology assay or reagent

Year Produced

2019

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

we have already replaced the use of embryos in our research. Once this has been published and is in the public domain, we anticipate this will lead to more replacement in the field,

Title

Optimisation of chicken kidney cell culture preparation

Description

We have optimised the method of extracting kidneys and preparing chicken kidney (CK) cell cultures from chickens. CK cells are used for in vitro assays to study avian viruses, in particular infectious bronchitis virus.

Type Of Material

Cell line

Year Produced

2017

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

This has increased the yield of viable cells and the quality of the cell cultures. We can now obtain the number of cells we require using fewer chicken kidneys, therefore requiring fewer chickens to be culled. This is an important development for the 3Rs. We hope to publish this method for others' information.

Title

Optimisation of preparation of TOCs from adult chickens

Description

Tracheal organ cultures (TOCs) are prepared from chicken embryos and used to assess growth of avian viruses that are not able to be propagated in cell culture. We have optimised the method of TOCs preparation from 3-week old chickens and are using these to assess viral genetic stability and phenotype in organ cultures that are a similar environment to the site of replication in whole chickens.

Type Of Material

Cell line

Year Produced

2018

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

We hope that this technique will reduce the number of chickens required for in vivo experiments, in line with the 3Rs, and plan to publish the method in due course.

Typically, the titre of neutralising antibodies generated by a field strain of IBDV is quantified by determining the ability of the serum to neutralise the infectivity of a cell- culture adapted strain of IBDV into immortalised fibroblast cells. The reason for this is that field strains do not typically infect immortalised fibroblast cells and have a tropism limited to B lymphocytes. However, this technique may not quantify the correct titre against the field strain in question as it relies on cross-reactivity of the serum to the cell-culture adapted strain. We have developed an in vitro neutralisation assay using the immortalised B cell line, DT40, in order to quantify the titre of neutralising antibodies against field strains of IBDV. As cytopathic effect is not observed in lymphocytes, this assay relies on immunostaining with antibodies against IBDV to determine the endpoint.

Type Of Material

Technology assay or reagent

Year Produced

2019

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

This technique enables us to more accurately quantify the titre of antibodies against field strains of IBDV.

Recent overwhelming evidence indicates the importance of local tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) in protective immunity. Most work on TRM has been performed in mice and the TRM defined as inaccessible to intravenously administered anti-T cell antibody. However there are very few data on TRM in large animals. For the first time we have defined TRM in the pig influenza model.

Type Of Material

Technology assay or reagent

Year Produced

2018

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

The identification of TRM and their robust protective capacity in site-specific infection has provided a new paradigm by which to assess T cell-mediated responses and an important new target for vaccine design. Since swine are an economically important species, are used as a large animal model for human infection and play a key role in the emergence of novel and potentially zoonotic influenza viruses, the identification of TRM in pigs will allow us to study their role in immunity to swine influenza.and how best to induce them by immunisation.

Title

tetracysteine-tagged IBDV

Description

Andrew Broadbent has engineered a tetracysteine (TC)-tagged IBDV that can be used in live cell imaging and co-infection studies with the split-GFP IBDV.

Type Of Material

Technology assay or reagent

Year Produced

2018

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

This tool, combined with the split-GFP IBDV, will enable us to study co-infection, super-infection exclusion, and the intracellular requirements for viral reassortment.

Title

Full length cattle MHC genes

Description

Using our method for full length MHC gene amplification, the largest reference set ever produced from common haplotypes has been sequenced and deposited in the publicly available data IPD-MHC with associated research tools.

Type Of Material

Database/Collection of data

Year Produced

2020

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

None yet, but it will allow far greater resolution when analysing MHC polymorphism and evolution in cattle populations.

Reconstructing expression levels of genes having a high repeat content is difficult, due to the impossibility of assigning RNA-sequencing that have multiple mappings to their correct originating location. In collaboration with the Immunogenetics group, the Integrative Biology and Bioinformatics groups are developing a data analysis method to circumvent the problem.The method has already been shown to be effective on some KIR genes in cattle. An essential component of the immune system, their family is rich in repeated members and repetitive regions, making the technique essential if one wants to study them.

Type Of Material

Data analysis technique

Year Produced

2017

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

Being able to resolve the expression of repetitive genes, which are plentiful in most mammalian genomes, would be essential to the high-precision study of many important gene families, including most of the genes of the immune system. The technique has already proven itself effective on a real-life problem, and holds the potential to be extended to many more biological systems

Title

South-African buffalo FMDV sequences

Description

We have sequenced FMDV buffalo samples originated from a EEID project entitled: Persistence of a Highly Contagious Pathogen: Ecological and Evolutionary Mechanisms in Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus. This project aims to understand why a highly contagious pathogen such as FMDV, which induces a rapid host immunity and depletes the supply of susceptible host, is able to persist in isolated buffalo populations and thus avoid auto-extinction.
The centre piece of the project is a cohort study which involves an established FMDV-positive breeding herd of ca. 70 buffalo in a 900-hectare enclosure surrounded by double game fencing housing buffalo in isolation from other herds in the Kruger National Park (South Africa). The entire herd is being monitored for three years (animals are sampled every 2 months (serum, tonsil swabs, probang) to trace FMDV transmission events, allowing us to define FMD infection dynamics across the susceptible calf cohorts and amongst adults. So far, FMDV genomes from 101 samples have been deep sequenced by illumina. Samples from the last year captures are currently being analysed and virus is currently being isolated.
The second experiment is an experimental study, which involves a group of naïve buffalo experimentally infected with either a SAT-1, SAT-2 or SAT-3 virus. The infected buffalo were then allowed to mingle with susceptible animals and transmission of FMDV to naïve animals was monitored during the acute infection but also from persistently infected animals. So far, FMDV genomes from 48 samples obtained at days 2, 30 and 160 of the experiment have been deep sequenced.

Type Of Material

Database/Collection of data

Year Produced

2019

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

The samples sequenced come from South Africa, which is an LMIC, While FMDV infection in cattle is very well studied, the mechanisms of persistence in buffalo, which is thought to be the natural reservoir of the infection, are not well understood. Such understanding would be essential to inform better policies to understand and manage FMDV, which is an economically important scourge of cloven hooved animals in LMICs. All the sequences will be made available on the Transboundary Portal which is being developed at Pirbright.

Title

Viral assembly pipeline

Description

The Integrative Biology and Bioinformatics group has developed a data analysis pipeline to obtain sensitive and robust viral assemblies out of high-throughput sequencing data. In spite of the relatively short genomic length of most viruses, assembling of viral sequences can be challenging due to several reasons, such as: low amount of material in the sample, which might require amplification, introducing biases, and/or generates low-quality sequences; uneven coverage due to low-quality material or the genomic material of the virus being RNA; the viral nucleic acid being almost lost in the background of nucleic acid of the host. Our pipeline overcomes most of those problems, and is even able to detect different viral strains being present together in the same sample. It can also be used on metagenomic environmental samples.

Type Of Material

Data analysis technique

Year Produced

2017

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

The pipeline is being deployed as the tool of choice for the nascent sequencing facility at Pirbright. It has been used by several groups at Pirbright, and the FMDV World Reference Lab, in order to assemble very different kinds of viruses.

Title

Viral variant calling pipeline

Description

The Integrative Biology and Bioinformatics group has developed a data analysis pipeline to obtain sensitive and robust variant calling for viral sequences out of high-throughput sequencing data. In spite of the relatively short genomic length of most viruses, calling variant for viral sequences can be challenging due to several reasons, such as: low amount of material in the sample, which might require amplification, introducing biases, and/or generates low-quality sequences; very high genome coverage, which slows down most existing variant callers; the presence of a potentially very high number of different haplotypes for RNA viruses, which is an unusual scenario in variant calling. Our fast and sensitive Bayesian pipeline overcomes most of those problems.

Type Of Material

Data analysis technique

Year Produced

2017

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

The pipeline is being deployed as the tool of choice for the nascent sequencing facility at Pirbright. It has been used by several groups at Pirbright, and the FMDV World Reference Lab, in order to assemble very different kinds of viruses.

Title

Zimbabwe FMDV sequences

Description

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes an acute vesicular disease in domestic cloven-hooved animals. However, in the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) clinical disease is rarely observed and following infection virus is persistently carried in the oesophageal-pharyngeal area of the upper respiratory tract. During the 1990s oesophageal-pharyngeal scrapings were collected from free-living African buffalo in multiple herds in six different geographic areas of Zimbabwe. We sequenced over 140 FMD viruses each belonging to one of the Southern African Territories (SAT) serotypes (SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3) from primary bovine thyroid cells.

Type Of Material

Database/Collection of data

Year Produced

2018

Provided To Others?

No

Impact

This dataset has been generated from samples collected in Zimbabwe, which is a low-income country. Those viral sequences will be essential to help elucidating the nature of persistent FMDV infection in African buffalo, which is supposed to be the main virus reservoir in vivo. As the samples track viral infection and evolution over several years and across a number of different herds in different national parks and conservatories, the dataset will also inform better animal management and conservation. A better understanding of FMDV persistence would also be essential to mitigate the economic burden generated by the disease, which is a scourge of cloven-hoofed animals in LMICs. All the sequences will be made available through the Transboundary Pathogen portal that is being developed at Pirbright.

Description

Aerosol delivery of vaccines and therapeutics

Organisation

Aerogen

Country

Ireland

Sector

Private

PI Contribution

Developed the pig influenza model which is a natural host pathogen system

BBSRC - Oxford University iCASE Studentship (October 2019- September 2023). Production and assessment of antiviral prophylactic properties of natural biomolecules against avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses affecting poultry production

Organisation

University of Oxford

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

This collaboration between The Pirbright Institute (UK), Oxford University (UK) and industrial partners in Italy.
This project will conceived and developed bu MI. The PhD student (Holly Everest) in my group is investigating the antiviral prophylactic properties of natural biomolecules against avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses affecting poultry production.

Collaborator Contribution

The partners in Italy will produce and purify natural antiviral molecules effective against avian influenza and other poultry viruses.

Impact

This project started in January 2020.

Start Year

2020

Description

Bridget Penman

Organisation

University of Warwick

Department

School of Life Sciences

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

We are providing genetic data and diversity measures of MHC and associated receptors to inform the modelling efforts to elucidate which selection pressures are the main drivers for the types of diversity we see in extant species.

Collaborator Contribution

They are experts in mathmatical modelling and will provide data to help explain genetic diversity in cattle.

Impact

Not yet

Start Year

2017

Description

Challenge of transgenic chickens with influenza viruses

Organisation

Imperial College London

Department

Section of Virology

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

We have challenged transgenic chickens with recombinant avian influenza viruses to determine outcome; infectivity, transmission, pathogenicity, dissemination within host. We also processed the samples generated from these animal experiments at The Pirbright Institute.

This collaboration has resulted in the successful award of a joint grant with imperial college aiming to carry out challenge experiments on novel transgenic chickens to facilitate control of avian influenza virus in the poultry population. BB/S007911/1 - Investigating the role of ANP32A in the replication of avian Influenza virus

This is a collaborative PhD studentship funded by The Pirbright Institute between Pirbright and the Roslin Institute. The student is investigating how bacteria or bacterial compounds will effect bluetongue virus replication in mammalian host cells with a specific emphasis on skin derived migratory cells. While mainly based at Pirbright the student will visit the Roslin Institute and spend some time in the lab of Prof. Jane Hope.

Collaborator Contribution

The student will carry out the main laboratory work at Pirbright including infection studies of ruminant primary host target cells in the presence/ absence of bacterial compounds. There will be regular meetings between the students and supervisors at Pirbright and at Roslin (at least monthly by skype) and the student will visit the Roslin group for specific work aspects such as flow cytometry of skin derived pseudo-afferent lymph cells. Roslin will also make cattle pseudo-afferent lymph cells available to the student and Pirbright for ex vivo BTV infection studies.

I develop a research project proposal in which we are investigating how evolutionary changes in the H9N2 avian influenza virus modulate virus fitness and virulence in chickens. This PhD studentship project was funded by Commonwealth scholarship commission for 3 years.

Collaborator Contribution

The collaborating Partner Dr Nicola Lewis at Royal Veterinary College is a co-supervisor of the PhD student Thusitha Karunarathna. she provide necessary guidance to achieve prescribed objectives of this project.

Impact

The project is at its initial stage.

Start Year

2019

Description

Development of novel diagnostic tools and vaccines

Organisation

Francis Crick Institute

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

The outcomes of research led to incite new collaborations with following partners in UK, Vietnam and Pakistan.
Together with partners we apply for the collaborative research grant to BBSRC entitled "Combating avian influenza through systematic analysis of antigenic drift, genetic variation, and development of novel diagnostic tools and vaccines". That led to further improvement avian influenza virus vaccines and diagnostics and a number of research publication.

Collaborator Contribution

The partners are evaluating the potency and efficacy of vaccines in countries where the disease is enzootic in poultry.

The outcomes of research led to incite new collaborations with following partners in UK, Vietnam and Pakistan.
Together with partners we apply for the collaborative research grant to BBSRC entitled "Combating avian influenza through systematic analysis of antigenic drift, genetic variation, and development of novel diagnostic tools and vaccines". That led to further improvement avian influenza virus vaccines and diagnostics and a number of research publication.

Collaborator Contribution

The partners are evaluating the potency and efficacy of vaccines in countries where the disease is enzootic in poultry.

The outcomes of research led to incite new collaborations with following partners in UK, Vietnam and Pakistan.
Together with partners we apply for the collaborative research grant to BBSRC entitled "Combating avian influenza through systematic analysis of antigenic drift, genetic variation, and development of novel diagnostic tools and vaccines". That led to further improvement avian influenza virus vaccines and diagnostics and a number of research publication.

Collaborator Contribution

The partners are evaluating the potency and efficacy of vaccines in countries where the disease is enzootic in poultry.

The outcomes of research led to incite new collaborations with following partners in UK, Vietnam and Pakistan.
Together with partners we apply for the collaborative research grant to BBSRC entitled "Combating avian influenza through systematic analysis of antigenic drift, genetic variation, and development of novel diagnostic tools and vaccines". That led to further improvement avian influenza virus vaccines and diagnostics and a number of research publication.

Collaborator Contribution

The partners are evaluating the potency and efficacy of vaccines in countries where the disease is enzootic in poultry.

The outcomes of research led to incite new collaborations with following partners in UK, Vietnam and Pakistan.
Together with partners we apply for the collaborative research grant to BBSRC entitled "Combating avian influenza through systematic analysis of antigenic drift, genetic variation, and development of novel diagnostic tools and vaccines". That led to further improvement avian influenza virus vaccines and diagnostics and a number of research publication.

Collaborator Contribution

The partners are evaluating the potency and efficacy of vaccines in countries where the disease is enzootic in poultry.

Developed the aerosol delivery method of vaccine and provided material (spleen, BAL and blood) from inbred animals (Babraham pigs) following immunisation with the candidate universal vaccine, S-FLU.

Collaborator Contribution

Developed porcine influenza specific class I tetramers and provided the epitope map of Babrahams S-Flu responses to NP, M1, M2, PB1 and PB2 that could be presented by SLA-1 or SLA-2
Grew pig T cell clones for the first time in 30 years.

We will challenge birds that have been exposed to IBDV, or mock exposed, with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains to determine how IBDV-mediated immunosuppression impacts upon HPAI infection in chickens.

Collaborator Contribution

Dr Cardona's group will challenge birds that have been exposed to IBDV, or mock exposed, with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) strains to determine how IBDV-mediated immunosuppression impacts upon LPAI infection in chickens.

Impact

we have been successful in obtaining funding (Grant Ref: BB/T008806/1)

Holly will train my group in conducting studies with avian influenza viruses and, together, we will challenge birds with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) strains to determine how IBDV-mediated immunosuppression impacts upon HPAI infection in chickens.

Impact

we have been successful in obtaining funding (Grant Ref: BB/T008806/1)

Start Year

2019

Description

Dr Liam Morrison

Organisation

University of Edinburgh

Department

The Roslin Institute

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

Analysis is single cattle B cell antibody sequences

Collaborator Contribution

Single cattle B cell antibody sequences

Impact

None as yet

Start Year

2019

Description

Dr Michael Skinner, Imperial College London

Organisation

Imperial College London

Department

Department of Primary Care and Public Health

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

We aim to compare the host transcriptional response of primary chicken B cells infected with different strains of IBDV of varying virulence. We have the specialist reagents and expertise in house that are required to culture primary chicken B cells, and we have access to different strains of IBDV.

Collaborator Contribution

Dr Michael Skinner and his team at Imperial College London have the expertise and facilities to generate and analyse RNA-Seq data in order to determine host transcriptional responses. This is required in order to complete the aim of the project.

Impact

Further funding: PhD studentship (£102,800) - Dr Andrew Broadbent at The Pirbright Institute and Dr Michael Skinner at Imperial College London are joint supervisors for a PhD student working on this project.
Further Funding: Houghton Trust (£8,000)- Dr Andrew Broadbent was awarded a Houghton Trust Small Research Grant to contribute to this project.
Further funding: NC3Rs (Grant Ref: NC/R001138/1)

Start Year

2014

Description

Efficacy of a candidate universal influenza vaccine, S-FLU.

Organisation

University of Oxford

Department

Radcliffe Department of Medicine

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

Tested the immunogenicity and efficacy of a candidate universal influenza vaccine, S-FLU, in pigs. For the first time we demonstrated that S-FLU when administered by aerosol can reduce viral load in nasal swabs and lung in pigs after influenza virus challenge. We have shown that the most efficient way to administer this vaccine is by aerosol.

Collaborator Contribution

Professor Alain Townsend has developed the S-FLU vaccine.

Impact

The most efficient way to induce immune response in the lung is after aerosol delivery of LAIV vaccines in pigs.
The most efficient way to induce cross-protective immunity is by aerosol delivery of S-FLU to the lungs of pigs

Start Year

2014

Description

Horizon Discovery Ltd Cambridge Research Park, United Kingdom

Organisation

Horizon Discovery Group plc

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Private

PI Contribution

Verify IFITM knock-out cell by qPCR and immuno-blotting.
Verification of further knock-out cell lines by DNA sequencing, immuno-blotting and qPCR
Cell infection with Avian Influenza Viruses
Assess the viral titre of cells infected with Influenza Viruses in K/O and wildtype cells.
Quantitative analysis of viral infection in IFITM K/O cells
Demonstrate increased AIV viral titres at lab scale and estimation of what this may equate to with respect to vaccine dose yields.
Analysis of IFITM K/O cell lines permissivity to a range of additional animal viruses (Relevant to the LVIF).
Milestone 7: Demonstrate permissivity increased and viral titres for a range of LVIF relevant viruses in the edited cell lines.

Collaborator Contribution

Develop a CRISPR/cas9 gene editing system to specifically target the chIFITM locus in avian cell culture

We have performed experiments to generate preliminary data for a collaborative grant application, contributed to the writing of the grant proposal and responded to reviewers comments.

Collaborator Contribution

My collaborators have performed experiments to generate preliminary data for a collaborative grant application, contributed to the writing of the grant proposal and responded to reviewers comments.

Impact

Submission of proposal entitled "Identification of conserved B-cell epitopes of highly pathogenic coronaviruses for broadspectrum immunotherapy and vaccine design" to the "One Health Approaches to Accelerate Vaccine Development" call that forms part of the UK government's commitment to Official Development Assistance (ODA) in October 2017.

We have performed experiments to generate preliminary data for a collaborative grant application, contributed to the writing of the grant proposal and responded to reviewers comments.

Collaborator Contribution

My collaborators have performed experiments to generate preliminary data for a collaborative grant application, contributed to the writing of the grant proposal and responded to reviewers comments.

Impact

Submission of proposal entitled "Identification of conserved B-cell epitopes of highly pathogenic coronaviruses for broadspectrum immunotherapy and vaccine design" to the "One Health Approaches to Accelerate Vaccine Development" call that forms part of the UK government's commitment to Official Development Assistance (ODA) in October 2017.

(1) Talk: Avian influenza virus evolution: immune escape, increase in zoonotic potential and fitness in poultry. Presented at "Prevention and Control Techniques for Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry", 27th 29th August 2017, Beijing, China. (2) Impact of avian influenza virus evolution on antigenicity and zoonotic infection potential. Presented at University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan on 23rd August 2017. (3). Molecular determinants of H9N2 avian influenza virus influencing antigenicity and receptor binding. Presented at CERAD (Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases), 3rd Symposium Recent Advances in Avian Disease Research. 31st August - 1st September 2017 at the Harbour Hotel, Alexandra Terrace, Guildford, Surrey, UK. (4) Overview of ongoing research on Poultry diseases in United Kingdom. Presented as at International poultry Stakeholders work on poultry biosecurity in Sri Lanka from 26th February to 3rd March 2017. (5). Evolutionary fitness of avian influenza viruses and development of improved vaccines and diagnostics. Presented as invited seminar speaker at RVC (Hawkshead Campus), UK. 19th October 2016.

(1) Talk: Avian influenza virus evolution: immune escape, increase in zoonotic potential and fitness in poultry. Presented at "Prevention and Control Techniques for Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry", 27th 29th August 2017, Beijing, China. (2) Impact of avian influenza virus evolution on antigenicity and zoonotic infection potential. Presented at University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan on 23rd August 2017. (3). Molecular determinants of H9N2 avian influenza virus influencing antigenicity and receptor binding. Presented at CERAD (Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases), 3rd Symposium Recent Advances in Avian Disease Research. 31st August - 1st September 2017 at the Harbour Hotel, Alexandra Terrace, Guildford, Surrey, UK. (4) Overview of ongoing research on Poultry diseases in United Kingdom. Presented as at International poultry Stakeholders work on poultry biosecurity in Sri Lanka from 26th February to 3rd March 2017. (5). Evolutionary fitness of avian influenza viruses and development of improved vaccines and diagnostics. Presented as invited seminar speaker at RVC (Hawkshead Campus), UK. 19th October 2016.

The overarching aims of the proposed research are to improve controls against H5 subtype of avian influenza viruses infecting poultry by investigating underlying mechanisms that define how vaccines renders effectiveness and develop novel approaches enhancing the effectiveness of H5 avian influenza vaccines.
We recently generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognise a variety of different clades of H5 viruses. Propagation of AIV in eggs or cultured cells together with mAbs drives virus to escape from mAbs neutralisation activity. These classical virus neutralization assays (VN) followed by HA gene sequence analysis allowed us to defined the role of amino acid substitutions that are associated with evasion of antibody neutralization through emergence of antigenic variants and failure of vaccine efficacy.

Collaborator Contribution

provided intellectual input for achieving prescribed objectives of this work.

We developed research programme to characterise diversity of antigenic epitopes induce protective immunity in chickens against H5 subtypes of avian influenza viruses.

Collaborator Contribution

Collaborating partner Dr Nicola Lewis at Royal Veterinary College provide advise to on cartography programme to visualize the antigenic similarity or difference among different strains of influenza viruses.

Impact

The work under this collaborative determined the antigenic differences among different clades of H5 avian influenza viruses circulating in birds. This project is multi-disciplinary.
our laboratory mainly work on virology and immunology part of the project and we seek help on computer modeling part from the collaborating partner Dr Nicola Lewis.

Start Year

2019

Description

Investigating the role of the SH protein of RSV in the duration of immunity

Organisation

Imperial College London

Department

Department of Medicine

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

We provided initial data supporting the hypothesis that the small hydrophobic protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus regulates the host's immune response by modulating the transcription factors NF-kB and STAT1 in bovine cells

Collaborator Contribution

Based on our results, Imperial has began investigating the role of the small hydrophobic protein of human respiratory syncytial virus on human cells.

Impact

Publication in progress titled "Regulation of the B cell activating factor BAFF by the small hydrophobic protein of respiratory syncytial virus".

Start Year

2017

Description

Janet Daly & Stephen Dunham- PI3K pathway and influenza

Organisation

University of Nottingham

Department

School of Veterinary Medicine and Science Nottingham

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

Preliminary data was produced by Pirbright using reverse genetics of avian influenza viruses to secure a 50:50 funded PhD studentship that will commence in October 2020 entitled "Understanding the importance of the PI3K pathway in modulating influenza virus replication in chickens and ducks".

Collaborator Contribution

Preliminary data was produced by University of Nottingham using PI3K p85 subunit pulldowns to secure a 50:50 funded PhD studentship that will commence in October 2020 entitled "Understanding the importance of the PI3K pathway in modulating influenza virus replication in chickens and ducks".

Impact

Funding for a PhD studentship entitled "Understanding the importance of the PI3K pathway in modulating influenza virus replication in chickens and ducks".

Start Year

2019

Description

Loren Skow, Texas A&M

Organisation

Texas A&M University-Central Texas

Country

United States

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

We are sequencing extended MHC haplotypes from cattle samples that have previously been typed by low resolution SNPs

Sharing of results on the discovery of bacterial LPS in Culicoides saliva and its infection enhancing effect on BTV in bovine monocytes. Discussion of future work and comparison of the results to other insect transmitted viruses including those of high importance to humans

Collaborator Contribution

Sharing of data from their portfolio on mosquito saliva effects on virus infectivity and replication. Comparison of methodology and discussion of future collaborations

The Pirbright team of 4 scientists with expertise in immunology and animal care visited Thailand in July 2018 to train Thai colleagues to perform animal experiments (Chiang Mai) and analyse immune responses by ELISPOT and Flow cytometry (Bangkok). This provided Thailand with trained personnel and expertise in testing vaccines in pigs. As a result of the joint work, the Chiang Mai animal facility is currently being renovated. Development of such an animal facility will promote the production and testing of more vaccines by Thai scientists.

Collaborator Contribution

Our Thai colleagues provided us with local Thai PRRS and Influenza virus strains which we use in our co-infection studies.

Impact

None yet

Start Year

2018

Description

Partnering with National Taiwan University

Organisation

National Taiwan University

Country

Taiwan, Province of China

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

We have prepared and submitted an application for a BBSRC-Taiwan Partnering Award to study "Assembly of Recombinant Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Determination of Antigenic Sites that Confer Hemagglutination Activity".

Collaborator Contribution

The partners conceived the project and got in contact about submitting an application for funding together.

Impact

An application has been made for a BBSRC-Taiwan Partnering Award in November 2018.

Protocols and sample sending established - first clinical trial to start in March 2018

Start Year

2017

Description

Pathology of bovine skin post Culicoides midge blood-feeding

Organisation

University of Surrey

Department

School of Veterinary Medicine

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

Collection of skin samples from cattle responding with local inflammation to Culicoides biting midges blood feeding, sending of materials

Collaborator Contribution

Processing of samples, histopathological analysis, sharing of results

Impact

Further identification of cellular and histological local changes in ruminant skin to Culicoides blood-feeing which will inform pathogenesis of co-transmitted arboviruses such as BTV

Start Year

2017

Description

Paul Digard - The Roslin Insititute

Organisation

University of Edinburgh

Department

The Roslin Institute

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

We generated constructs that express PB1-F2 from a variety of avian influenza strains in eukaryotic expression plasmids. We generated Chimera PB1-F2 expression plasmids where the C-terminus of the PB1-F2 are switched between strains. Using these plasmids we have determined the localization and antagonist activity toward the IFN beta signaling pathway and NF-kb signaling pathway in human and chicken cells. We have therefore provided reagents and intellectual input to the collaboration.

Collaborator Contribution

Our collaborators have used these plasmids in there well defined stability assays to determine sequence specific effects on this characteristic. Intellectual input and expertise in a particular assay were made by these collaborators.

Impact

We have successfully published some of this work; "The cellular localization of avian influenza virus PB1-F2 protein alters the magnitude of IFN2 promoter and NF?B-dependent promoter antagonism in chicken cells." doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001220. We have an ongoing joint PhD studentship in this area. This collaboration remains current and active.

My group will characterise the immunosuppressive potential of IBDV-like viruses from wild bird populations

Collaborator Contribution

Oliver Pybus' group have screened a wild bird population by metagenomics shotgun sequencing to determine the prevalence of IBDV-like viruses and correlate their presence with the abundance and diversity of viral sequences identified for other viruses.

Impact

we have been successful in obtaining funding (Grant Ref: BB/T008806/1)

Start Year

2019

Description

Professor Shayan Sharif, University of Guelph, Canada

Organisation

University of Guelph

Department

Department of Pathobiology

Country

Canada

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

Collaboration between my team and Professor Sharif lead to new finding in Avian immunology, specifically in understanding the effects of nutrients on antigen presenting cells and T cells of chicken. We took the lead in studying the effects of some nutrients (Vitamin D) on the function of chicken T cells, performed most of the experiments in our laboratory. Meanwhile, we participated in studying the effects of Vitamin D on antigen presenting cells of chicken by performing some key experiments because we had access to some specific reagents (monoclonal antibodies) recognizing molecules expressed on chicken antigen presenting cells.

Collaborator Contribution

Professor Sharif team took the lead in studying the effects of Vitamin D on antigen presenting cells of chicken, and contributed to experimental plan for studying the effects on chicken T cells.

Rapid acquisition of mammalian characteristics by avian influenza virus in single host infections.

Organisation

Imperial College London

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

Provided reagents and day to day technical help for undertaking this project and supervising postdoctoral researcher working on this project.
Reagents include influenza reverse genetic plasmids and H9N2 and H7N9-specific antibodies.

Collaborator Contribution

this project will aim to understand AIV genetics that facilitate the rapid acquisition of mammalian adaptation characteristics in a single host infection.
The partners with our collaborations determined adaptive genetic changes in the H9N2 avian influenza virus following infection in mice (mammalian hosts). Different strains of avian influenza Viruses generated by reverse gentic techniques were inoculated into mice and lungs sampled daily. RNA recovered from lung homogenates were deep sequenced and mutations arising were characterised for adaptation. Relative viral fitness and the rapidity of the accumulation of mutations was measured and compared amongst the viral strains.

Impact

The results of the our experimental studies showed the avian-origin viruses rapidly acquired mutations that increase virus fitness in mammalian species. Therefore, these viruses pose zoonotic and pandemic threat to public health.

Start Year

2018

Description

Rapid acquisition of mammalian characteristics by avian influenza virus in single host infections.

Organisation

The Pirbright Institute

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

Provided reagents and day to day technical help for undertaking this project and supervising postdoctoral researcher working on this project.
Reagents include influenza reverse genetic plasmids and H9N2 and H7N9-specific antibodies.

Collaborator Contribution

this project will aim to understand AIV genetics that facilitate the rapid acquisition of mammalian adaptation characteristics in a single host infection.
The partners with our collaborations determined adaptive genetic changes in the H9N2 avian influenza virus following infection in mice (mammalian hosts). Different strains of avian influenza Viruses generated by reverse gentic techniques were inoculated into mice and lungs sampled daily. RNA recovered from lung homogenates were deep sequenced and mutations arising were characterised for adaptation. Relative viral fitness and the rapidity of the accumulation of mutations was measured and compared amongst the viral strains.

Impact

The results of the our experimental studies showed the avian-origin viruses rapidly acquired mutations that increase virus fitness in mammalian species. Therefore, these viruses pose zoonotic and pandemic threat to public health.

Start Year

2018

Description

Re-annotation of Marek's Disease Virus

Organisation

U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA

Department

Beltsville Agricultural Research Center

Country

United States

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

We are using bioinformatics analysis of high-throughput sequencing data in order to provide a better annotation of the genome of Marek's Disease Virus

Collaborator Contribution

Our partners are sharing their extensive expertise of the genomics of MDV, and performing experimental validations

The purpose of the collaboration is to study how arboviruses interact with their host cells with modern high-throughput techniques. No outputs yet

Start Year

2017

Description

Steve Goodbourn - St Georges - chicken innate molecule interactions.

Organisation

Ulster University

Department

Biomedical Sciences Research Centre

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

We have collaborated by producing yeast- 2-hybrid plasmids containing the influenza PB1-F2 gene from various avian influenza strains. The PhD student on this studentship then visited Professor Goodbourn's laboratory to carry out the yeast-2-hybrid screen for interaction innate chicken molecules.

Collaborator Contribution

Professor Goodbourn's laboratory provided yeast-2-hybrid plasmids containing various innate chicken molecules to be screened for interaction with avian influenza virus PB1-F2 protein. They also offered help and guidance carrying out the interaction technique to understand if PB1-F2 directly associated with chicken innate components. They also provided reporter plasmids and guidance on innate reporter assays in chicken cells.

We have hosted a co-supervised PhD student twice at The Pirbright Institute. During these visits we have helped with viral infection of primary cells for analysis of PI3K pathway perturbations and generated new GM influenza viruses to help to understand if the difference in PI3K pathway activity observed between two different avian influenza viruses in avian cells was a result of difference in the NS1 protein. In addition we have provided support to the student regarding the future directions of the project and writing up and presentation of the material. Therefore we have provided reagents, practical expertise and intellectual input.

Collaborator Contribution

The collaborators have provided access to data generated in their laboratories and intellectual input to the project.

Impact

Publication: doi: 10.1038/srep17999

Start Year

2016

Description

Suresh Kuchipudi and Janet Daly

Organisation

University of Nottingham

Department

School of Veterinary Medicine and Science Nottingham

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

We have hosted a co-supervised PhD student twice at The Pirbright Institute. During these visits we have helped with viral infection of primary cells for analysis of PI3K pathway perturbations and generated new GM influenza viruses to help to understand if the difference in PI3K pathway activity observed between two different avian influenza viruses in avian cells was a result of difference in the NS1 protein. In addition we have provided support to the student regarding the future directions of the project and writing up and presentation of the material. Therefore we have provided reagents, practical expertise and intellectual input.

Collaborator Contribution

The collaborators have provided access to data generated in their laboratories and intellectual input to the project.

Seph Borrow from Oxford University provide antibodies and advice as to how to identify and charcterise the TFH cells.

Impact

Not yet

Start Year

2018

Description

The GCRF One Health Poultry Hub

Organisation

Royal Veterinary College (RVC)

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

The focus of the research is to achieve sustainable global intensification of poultry meat and egg production whilst reducing risks to human
and animal health and welfare.
We are undertaking research to investigate the diversity of avian influenza viruses prevalent in poultry and wild birds in south east Asia.

Collaborator Contribution

Royal Veterinary College, London is leading this GCRF One Health Poultry Hub. The project will address the need to meet rising demand for poultry meat and eggs in developing countries, while minimising risk to international public health. Population growth is driving global demand for poultry, meat and egg production; this unfortunately creates conditions in which animal diseases can spread to humans ('zoonoses'). These include bacterial food poisoning and strains with avian influenza with epidemic or pandemic potential. The GCRF One Health Poultry Hub will adopt a 'One Health' approach to the issue of combatting animal-to-human diseases by bringing together a team of laboratory, clinical, veterinary and social scientists. This team will test and evaluate novel interventions. The need for safe poultry production is most urgent in South and South East Asia, so the RVC and its partners will then use their local networks in these regions to put its positive research to immediate use.

Impact

Development of international interdisciplinary partnership of 55 investigators from 13 countries to address the emerging global challenges of food security and public health associated with intensification of poultry production.

Me and my team established collaboration in the "Livestock Antibody Hub" funded ($5.5 million) by the from Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Focus of our partnership is to develop techniques and capacity to analyse immune cells (B cells) of cattle, poultry and pigs that produce virus neutralizing antibodies. This research will support rational development of next generation of vaccines and to explore antibody-based passive immunization approaches for treatment and prophylaxis of infectious viral diseases affecting livestock and humans. Our initial focus is to target major animal viral pathogens that cause severe losses within Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) animal production systems including avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV).

Collaborator Contribution

This is a collaborative project and partners are providing help in provision of reagents and techniques for analysis of diversity of B cells repertoire that produce infleunza virus-specific antibodies, single cell sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.
This project will further strengthen our on-going research collaborations with many research groups in academia as well as with animal health industry (Zoetis, Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, Merck, CEVA, Jovac, YeBio, ILRI, Galvmed, The Roslin Institute, HuMabs, AbCellera and Distributed Bio) to take the research outputs from laboratory to the field. The outputs of research will be improved vaccines and diagnostics enabling to reduce the impact of infectious diseases on farm animals, which offer substantial direct and indirect economic, public health, environmental and social benefits to the UK and rest of the world.

Impact

Development of passive immunization approaches against avian influenza viruses affecting poultry (project incited in January 2020).

Start Year

2020

Description

The effect of the microbiota on immunity to swine infleunza

Organisation

University of Surrey

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

We wish to establish the gut and nasal microbiome in normal healthy pigs and how this is affected by influenza infection. We have collected gut samples from pigs at different stages of infection, as well as nasal swabs which we will provide to our collaborators in Surrey.

Collaborator Contribution

Our collaborators in Surrey will perform the sequencing and bioinformatics analysis to determine the microbial communities present in the samples.

Impact

No outcomes yet - we are in the process of analysing the samples.

Start Year

2017

Description

The role of segment 3 in H9N2 avian influenza virus pathogenicity

Organisation

University of Edinburgh

Department

The Roslin Institute

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

This is a Joint studentship project funded by The Pirbright Institute and The Roslin Institute. We identiifed molecular markers that are responsible for increase in virus pathogenicity and transmission.

Collaborator Contribution

The Roslin Institute contributed both intellectually and by proving research training, samples and regents to achieve the prescribed objectives this project.

Understanding diversity of avian influenza viruses and improvement disease control in poultry and humans

Organisation

Agricultural Research Centre

Department

Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute

Country

Egypt

Sector

Public

PI Contribution

This project helped my research group to establish research collboration between the Pirbright Institute and the scientists at the collaborating laboratories listed above and an excellent opportunity for building a joint "ONE HEALTH"
platfor. I am sharing knowledge, reagents and techniques to improve efficacious vaccines and
diagnostic tools against avian influenza viruses. The easy availability of better control tools against
avian influenza viruses will aid in the reduction of poultry production losses and thus be important
for global food security and improved animal welfare whilst also reducing zoonotic transmission to
humans.

Collaborator Contribution

Each collaborating institute and team member has specific expertise and facilities in areas relevant to this research programme. Collaborators in different institutions have extensive experience collecting field samples and
implementing vaccination and large scale surveillance programmes. Each partner institutions have unique experience in monitoring the
endemic prevalence of many animal diseases including avian influenza in both domestic and wild birds from which UK is under
constant threat. The partners are sharing knowledge, expertise and facilities to investigate fundamental biology of
influenza viruses and predict their epidemiological relevance, to assess potential risks and to devise appropriate intervention
strategies. The knowledge, reagents and field samples will be available through this partnership. which will be essential for development of informed control policies and tools(vaccines and diagnostics) that may contribute to reducing the ever increasing threat from endemic, emerging and re-emerging influenza virus variants posing risk to animals and humans.
Also, All researchers involved will benefit through ongoing professional development and advanced training in new technologies and new systems-level approaches to disease management. Exchange visits of researchers from collaborating laboratories to undertake training
in a number of disciplines including disease surveillance, molecular virology, epidemiology, immunology, vaccinology and diagnostics
will have a tangible impact on capacity building and training of next generation researchers in control of infectious animal and zoonotic
diseases.

Impact

The ultimate aims of this collaboration are to reduce the impact of influenza virus on poultry production and reduce their zoonotic transmission to humans. The collaboration will improve resources and capacity for disease control systems. Achieving these specific goals
will prove a step-change in AIV disease management and increase in poultry productivity directly drives economic prosperity of farmers
and allied communities. The will directly impact on socio-economic well-being of partner countries.

Start Year

2017

Description

Understanding diversity of avian influenza viruses and improvement disease control in poultry and humans

Organisation

Francis Crick Institute

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

This project helped my research group to establish research collboration between the Pirbright Institute and the scientists at the collaborating laboratories listed above and an excellent opportunity for building a joint "ONE HEALTH"
platfor. I am sharing knowledge, reagents and techniques to improve efficacious vaccines and
diagnostic tools against avian influenza viruses. The easy availability of better control tools against
avian influenza viruses will aid in the reduction of poultry production losses and thus be important
for global food security and improved animal welfare whilst also reducing zoonotic transmission to
humans.

Collaborator Contribution

Each collaborating institute and team member has specific expertise and facilities in areas relevant to this research programme. Collaborators in different institutions have extensive experience collecting field samples and
implementing vaccination and large scale surveillance programmes. Each partner institutions have unique experience in monitoring the
endemic prevalence of many animal diseases including avian influenza in both domestic and wild birds from which UK is under
constant threat. The partners are sharing knowledge, expertise and facilities to investigate fundamental biology of
influenza viruses and predict their epidemiological relevance, to assess potential risks and to devise appropriate intervention
strategies. The knowledge, reagents and field samples will be available through this partnership. which will be essential for development of informed control policies and tools(vaccines and diagnostics) that may contribute to reducing the ever increasing threat from endemic, emerging and re-emerging influenza virus variants posing risk to animals and humans.
Also, All researchers involved will benefit through ongoing professional development and advanced training in new technologies and new systems-level approaches to disease management. Exchange visits of researchers from collaborating laboratories to undertake training
in a number of disciplines including disease surveillance, molecular virology, epidemiology, immunology, vaccinology and diagnostics
will have a tangible impact on capacity building and training of next generation researchers in control of infectious animal and zoonotic
diseases.

Impact

The ultimate aims of this collaboration are to reduce the impact of influenza virus on poultry production and reduce their zoonotic transmission to humans. The collaboration will improve resources and capacity for disease control systems. Achieving these specific goals
will prove a step-change in AIV disease management and increase in poultry productivity directly drives economic prosperity of farmers
and allied communities. The will directly impact on socio-economic well-being of partner countries.

Start Year

2017

Description

Understanding diversity of avian influenza viruses and improvement disease control in poultry and humans

Organisation

Imperial College London

Department

MSk Lab

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

This project helped my research group to establish research collboration between the Pirbright Institute and the scientists at the collaborating laboratories listed above and an excellent opportunity for building a joint "ONE HEALTH"
platfor. I am sharing knowledge, reagents and techniques to improve efficacious vaccines and
diagnostic tools against avian influenza viruses. The easy availability of better control tools against
avian influenza viruses will aid in the reduction of poultry production losses and thus be important
for global food security and improved animal welfare whilst also reducing zoonotic transmission to
humans.

Collaborator Contribution

Each collaborating institute and team member has specific expertise and facilities in areas relevant to this research programme. Collaborators in different institutions have extensive experience collecting field samples and
implementing vaccination and large scale surveillance programmes. Each partner institutions have unique experience in monitoring the
endemic prevalence of many animal diseases including avian influenza in both domestic and wild birds from which UK is under
constant threat. The partners are sharing knowledge, expertise and facilities to investigate fundamental biology of
influenza viruses and predict their epidemiological relevance, to assess potential risks and to devise appropriate intervention
strategies. The knowledge, reagents and field samples will be available through this partnership. which will be essential for development of informed control policies and tools(vaccines and diagnostics) that may contribute to reducing the ever increasing threat from endemic, emerging and re-emerging influenza virus variants posing risk to animals and humans.
Also, All researchers involved will benefit through ongoing professional development and advanced training in new technologies and new systems-level approaches to disease management. Exchange visits of researchers from collaborating laboratories to undertake training
in a number of disciplines including disease surveillance, molecular virology, epidemiology, immunology, vaccinology and diagnostics
will have a tangible impact on capacity building and training of next generation researchers in control of infectious animal and zoonotic
diseases.

Impact

The ultimate aims of this collaboration are to reduce the impact of influenza virus on poultry production and reduce their zoonotic transmission to humans. The collaboration will improve resources and capacity for disease control systems. Achieving these specific goals
will prove a step-change in AIV disease management and increase in poultry productivity directly drives economic prosperity of farmers
and allied communities. The will directly impact on socio-economic well-being of partner countries.

Start Year

2017

Description

Understanding diversity of avian influenza viruses and improvement disease control in poultry and humans

Organisation

Imperial College London

Country

United Kingdom

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

This project helped my research group to establish research collboration between the Pirbright Institute and the scientists at the collaborating laboratories listed above and an excellent opportunity for building a joint "ONE HEALTH"
platfor. I am sharing knowledge, reagents and techniques to improve efficacious vaccines and
diagnostic tools against avian influenza viruses. The easy availability of better control tools against
avian influenza viruses will aid in the reduction of poultry production losses and thus be important
for global food security and improved animal welfare whilst also reducing zoonotic transmission to
humans.

Collaborator Contribution

Each collaborating institute and team member has specific expertise and facilities in areas relevant to this research programme. Collaborators in different institutions have extensive experience collecting field samples and
implementing vaccination and large scale surveillance programmes. Each partner institutions have unique experience in monitoring the
endemic prevalence of many animal diseases including avian influenza in both domestic and wild birds from which UK is under
constant threat. The partners are sharing knowledge, expertise and facilities to investigate fundamental biology of
influenza viruses and predict their epidemiological relevance, to assess potential risks and to devise appropriate intervention
strategies. The knowledge, reagents and field samples will be available through this partnership. which will be essential for development of informed control policies and tools(vaccines and diagnostics) that may contribute to reducing the ever increasing threat from endemic, emerging and re-emerging influenza virus variants posing risk to animals and humans.
Also, All researchers involved will benefit through ongoing professional development and advanced training in new technologies and new systems-level approaches to disease management. Exchange visits of researchers from collaborating laboratories to undertake training
in a number of disciplines including disease surveillance, molecular virology, epidemiology, immunology, vaccinology and diagnostics
will have a tangible impact on capacity building and training of next generation researchers in control of infectious animal and zoonotic
diseases.

Impact

The ultimate aims of this collaboration are to reduce the impact of influenza virus on poultry production and reduce their zoonotic transmission to humans. The collaboration will improve resources and capacity for disease control systems. Achieving these specific goals
will prove a step-change in AIV disease management and increase in poultry productivity directly drives economic prosperity of farmers
and allied communities. The will directly impact on socio-economic well-being of partner countries.

Start Year

2017

Description

Understanding diversity of avian influenza viruses and improvement disease control in poultry and humans

Organisation

Suez Canal University

Country

Egypt

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

This project helped my research group to establish research collboration between the Pirbright Institute and the scientists at the collaborating laboratories listed above and an excellent opportunity for building a joint "ONE HEALTH"
platfor. I am sharing knowledge, reagents and techniques to improve efficacious vaccines and
diagnostic tools against avian influenza viruses. The easy availability of better control tools against
avian influenza viruses will aid in the reduction of poultry production losses and thus be important
for global food security and improved animal welfare whilst also reducing zoonotic transmission to
humans.

Collaborator Contribution

Each collaborating institute and team member has specific expertise and facilities in areas relevant to this research programme. Collaborators in different institutions have extensive experience collecting field samples and
implementing vaccination and large scale surveillance programmes. Each partner institutions have unique experience in monitoring the
endemic prevalence of many animal diseases including avian influenza in both domestic and wild birds from which UK is under
constant threat. The partners are sharing knowledge, expertise and facilities to investigate fundamental biology of
influenza viruses and predict their epidemiological relevance, to assess potential risks and to devise appropriate intervention
strategies. The knowledge, reagents and field samples will be available through this partnership. which will be essential for development of informed control policies and tools(vaccines and diagnostics) that may contribute to reducing the ever increasing threat from endemic, emerging and re-emerging influenza virus variants posing risk to animals and humans.
Also, All researchers involved will benefit through ongoing professional development and advanced training in new technologies and new systems-level approaches to disease management. Exchange visits of researchers from collaborating laboratories to undertake training
in a number of disciplines including disease surveillance, molecular virology, epidemiology, immunology, vaccinology and diagnostics
will have a tangible impact on capacity building and training of next generation researchers in control of infectious animal and zoonotic
diseases.

Impact

The ultimate aims of this collaboration are to reduce the impact of influenza virus on poultry production and reduce their zoonotic transmission to humans. The collaboration will improve resources and capacity for disease control systems. Achieving these specific goals
will prove a step-change in AIV disease management and increase in poultry productivity directly drives economic prosperity of farmers
and allied communities. The will directly impact on socio-economic well-being of partner countries.

Start Year

2017

Description

Understanding diversity of avian influenza viruses and improvement disease control in poultry and humans

Organisation

University of Tokyo

Department

International Research Center for Infectious Diseases

Country

Japan

Sector

Hospitals

PI Contribution

This project helped my research group to establish research collboration between the Pirbright Institute and the scientists at the collaborating laboratories listed above and an excellent opportunity for building a joint "ONE HEALTH"
platfor. I am sharing knowledge, reagents and techniques to improve efficacious vaccines and
diagnostic tools against avian influenza viruses. The easy availability of better control tools against
avian influenza viruses will aid in the reduction of poultry production losses and thus be important
for global food security and improved animal welfare whilst also reducing zoonotic transmission to
humans.

Collaborator Contribution

Each collaborating institute and team member has specific expertise and facilities in areas relevant to this research programme. Collaborators in different institutions have extensive experience collecting field samples and
implementing vaccination and large scale surveillance programmes. Each partner institutions have unique experience in monitoring the
endemic prevalence of many animal diseases including avian influenza in both domestic and wild birds from which UK is under
constant threat. The partners are sharing knowledge, expertise and facilities to investigate fundamental biology of
influenza viruses and predict their epidemiological relevance, to assess potential risks and to devise appropriate intervention
strategies. The knowledge, reagents and field samples will be available through this partnership. which will be essential for development of informed control policies and tools(vaccines and diagnostics) that may contribute to reducing the ever increasing threat from endemic, emerging and re-emerging influenza virus variants posing risk to animals and humans.
Also, All researchers involved will benefit through ongoing professional development and advanced training in new technologies and new systems-level approaches to disease management. Exchange visits of researchers from collaborating laboratories to undertake training
in a number of disciplines including disease surveillance, molecular virology, epidemiology, immunology, vaccinology and diagnostics
will have a tangible impact on capacity building and training of next generation researchers in control of infectious animal and zoonotic
diseases.

Impact

The ultimate aims of this collaboration are to reduce the impact of influenza virus on poultry production and reduce their zoonotic transmission to humans. The collaboration will improve resources and capacity for disease control systems. Achieving these specific goals
will prove a step-change in AIV disease management and increase in poultry productivity directly drives economic prosperity of farmers
and allied communities. The will directly impact on socio-economic well-being of partner countries.

Start Year

2017

Description

Understanding diversity of avian influenza viruses and improvement disease control in poultry and humans

Organisation

Zagazig University

Country

Egypt

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

This project helped my research group to establish research collboration between the Pirbright Institute and the scientists at the collaborating laboratories listed above and an excellent opportunity for building a joint "ONE HEALTH"
platfor. I am sharing knowledge, reagents and techniques to improve efficacious vaccines and
diagnostic tools against avian influenza viruses. The easy availability of better control tools against
avian influenza viruses will aid in the reduction of poultry production losses and thus be important
for global food security and improved animal welfare whilst also reducing zoonotic transmission to
humans.

Collaborator Contribution

Each collaborating institute and team member has specific expertise and facilities in areas relevant to this research programme. Collaborators in different institutions have extensive experience collecting field samples and
implementing vaccination and large scale surveillance programmes. Each partner institutions have unique experience in monitoring the
endemic prevalence of many animal diseases including avian influenza in both domestic and wild birds from which UK is under
constant threat. The partners are sharing knowledge, expertise and facilities to investigate fundamental biology of
influenza viruses and predict their epidemiological relevance, to assess potential risks and to devise appropriate intervention
strategies. The knowledge, reagents and field samples will be available through this partnership. which will be essential for development of informed control policies and tools(vaccines and diagnostics) that may contribute to reducing the ever increasing threat from endemic, emerging and re-emerging influenza virus variants posing risk to animals and humans.
Also, All researchers involved will benefit through ongoing professional development and advanced training in new technologies and new systems-level approaches to disease management. Exchange visits of researchers from collaborating laboratories to undertake training
in a number of disciplines including disease surveillance, molecular virology, epidemiology, immunology, vaccinology and diagnostics
will have a tangible impact on capacity building and training of next generation researchers in control of infectious animal and zoonotic
diseases.

Impact

The ultimate aims of this collaboration are to reduce the impact of influenza virus on poultry production and reduce their zoonotic transmission to humans. The collaboration will improve resources and capacity for disease control systems. Achieving these specific goals
will prove a step-change in AIV disease management and increase in poultry productivity directly drives economic prosperity of farmers
and allied communities. The will directly impact on socio-economic well-being of partner countries.

The collaboration aims to better understand the interaction between vaccina virus and its host(s), through the use of modern high-throughput techniques. No outputs yet

Start Year

2016

Description

Wilhelm Gerner

Organisation

University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna

Country

Austria

Sector

Academic/University

PI Contribution

Our lab hosted Dr Gerner who brought samples for RNA-seq. My lab planned and executed the sequencing and is contributing to the analysis.

Collaborator Contribution

Dr Gerner did all the animal work and cell sorting to produce the samples reading for RNA-seq

Impact

None as yet, analysis is ongoing

Start Year

2019

Title

Chicken IFITMs

Description

The present invention provides an avian cell in which the expression or activity of one or more
of the following genes, or a homologue thereof: Chicken IFITM1 (SEQ ID No. 1); Chicken
IFITM2 (SEQ ID No. 2) and Chicken IFITM3 (SEQ ID No. 3) is reduced. The invention also
provides methods for passaging viruses in avian cells, embryos and/or avian cell lines which
have reduced expression of one or more IFITM genes and methods which involve
investigating the sequence of one or more of the following genes, or a homologue thereof:
Chicken IFITM1 (SEQ ID No. 1); Chicken IFITM2 (SEQ ID No. 2) and Chicken IFITM3
(SEQ ID No. 3).

IP Reference

WO2014195692

Protection

Patent granted

Year Protection Granted

2018

Licensed

Commercial In Confidence

Impact

The present invention provides an avian cell in which the expression or activity of one or more
of the following genes, or a homologue thereof: Chicken IFITM1 (SEQ ID No. 1); Chicken
IFITM2 (SEQ ID No. 2) and Chicken IFITM3 (SEQ ID No. 3) is reduced. The invention also
provides methods for passaging viruses in avian cells, embryos and/or avian cell lines which
have reduced expression of one or more IFITM genes and methods which involve
investigating the sequence of one or more of the following genes, or a homologue thereof:
Chicken IFITM1 (SEQ ID No. 1); Chicken IFITM2 (SEQ ID No. 2) and Chicken IFITM3
(SEQ ID No. 3).
This patent has enabled us to leverage funding for continued work.

"Interactive session with poultry stakeholders". Title: Overview of Avian Influenza group Research at The Pirbright Institute. Presented at University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan, 3rd August 2018.

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

The workshop discussed the economic impacts and prevention strategies against avian influenza viruses affecting poultry production and zoonotic infections.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

2. Overview of Avian Influenza group Research at The Pirbright Institute. Presented at "Interactive session with poultry stakeholders" at University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan, 3rd August 2018.

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Dissemination of research Project outcomes These include presenting research data for vaccine seed strains with emergent field avian influenza variants; The zoonotic risk posed by emerging avian influenza viruses circulating in the wild birds and poultry. Impact of virus evolution on vaccine efficacy and persistence in poultry.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

A talk at a symposium entitled: Using the 3Rs to support good science

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

I gave a talk at a Symposium held at The Pirbright Institute entitled: "Using the 3Rs to support good science". The talk was entitled: "A chicken primary B cell culture model to study the pathogenesis and improve the control of immunosuppressive viruses of poultry"

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2017

Description

A talk at the British Poultry Diseases Group meeting

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Industry/Business

Results and Impact

The Poultry Diseases Group meet quarterly and is comprised of representatives from private veterinary practices, vaccine and pharmaceutical industries, and the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA). I gave a talk at one of the meetings outlining my research to date and future directions.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2017

Description

AB Improving Approaches to Prevent and Control Viral Diseases of Livestock and Poultry

Amin Asfor presented the findigs of the project at the Microbiology Society Annual meeting, 2019

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Amin Asfor presented the findigs of the project at the Microbiology Society Annual meeting, 2019. Title: in vivo and ex vivo models of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) in inbred chicken lines differing in their resistance to the disease.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Amin Asfor presented the work at the NC3Rs Fellows Day

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Amin Asfor presented a poster at the NC3Rs Fellows Day entitled: Chicken primary B cell culture model to study the pathogenesis and improve the control of immunosuppressive viruses of poultry

For this event, 60 students were rotating around a series of science workshops as part of their challenge week based on a selected theme of their choice. Giulia and Phoebe contributed together with other people from our Institute in delivering the workshop about microbiology, hence student were actively interested in the topic.They organised activities that could be performed in small groups such as teaching pupils about the importance of hand hygiene using our UV Equipment, seeing live mosquitoes through a microscope, learning about flu using our Flu Fighters- H&N Selector and trying to take swabs from a model chicken using Flu Fighters- Henrietta the Chicken. The students were very interested in all the activities and actively participating, and they were asking many questions related to viruses, animal diseases, zoonotic diseases and microbiology in general.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Ash Manor school challenge week science workshops

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

Provide information on research activity at The Pirbright Institute and informing on pathogens infecting farmed animals.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

BBSRC Partnering Seminar, University of Liverpool, Tamilnadu Veterinary and Animal Science University

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Talk presented entitled " Molecular determinants of antigenicity of H7 and H9 avian Influenza viruses". The research data shared with the colleagues working to reduce the impact of avian infectious diseases on poultry production. The discussion led to more collaboration and work together, acquiring reagents and protocols for further research and development activities.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

BSI antibody meeting

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Presented work on how we have developed methods to study cattle B cells and antibody responses.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Big Band Science Event- AH, ER, LVC, MdP

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Stimulating increased interest in science and research

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Big Bang Fair

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

The Big Bang Near Me is a programme of regional and local Big Bang Fairs that take place all across the UK. Together with The Big Bang UK Young Scientists & Engineers Fair and The Big Bang Competition, it forms part of the wider Big Bang programme, bringing science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) to life for young people

Stimulated interest in science careers and the diversity of opportunties and the people that follow these paths

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Blenheim High School Fair - DB

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

Team members attended sessions at a local high school with secondary school children and those in the 6th form to talk about paths into scientific careers, sharing their experiences of working at The Pirbright Institute. Approximately 300 students attended and it stimulated increased interest in science and research.

This workshop brought together policy makers, veterinary advisers and scientist to share information and discuss the role of wildlife for important Culicoides-borne viruses of ruminants. Gave 15 minutes presentation on "Bluetongue virus in deer (and other wildlife) - pathogenesis and immune responses"

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Broadcast on African swine fever on BBC wolrd service "The Food Chain"

Form Of Engagement Activity

A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Interview with BBC World Service "The Food Chain" on African swine fever virus.

CABI_Research activity of Avian Immunology Group at The Pirbright Institute

Form Of Engagement Activity

Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Media (as a channel to the public)

Results and Impact

Release of research activity within Avian Immunology group at The Pirbright Institute

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Centre of excellence for research on avian diseases (CERAD)

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Other audiences

Results and Impact

I was invited to present my work at the UK-China Centre of excellence for research on avian diseases (CERAD) meeting attended by researchers from UK, China and Thailand. There was lots of discussion about the research and future directions, including potential collaborations.

Poultry Disease group is a forum of veterinary practitioners to discuss the advances in poultry diseases that could be translated from research labs to the farms

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2017

Description

Cheltenham Science Festival

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Stimulating increased interest in science and research

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Cheltenham Science Festival

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Institute stand at the festival covering the Institute science in general, and transmission and gene editing to control disease, in particular.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Cheltenham Science Festival 2018

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Attended the Cheltenham Science Festival and presented "Pandemic Live" an interactive debate on the spread of viruses in livestock. The audience were guided through the decision making processes that accompany an outbreak of an exotic livestock disease outbreak.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Cheltenham Science Festival 2019

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Kate Dulwich participated in an outreach activity at the Cheltenham Science Festival from 07-09 Jun 2019

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Cheltenham Science Festival- AH, ER, JC

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Present at the Pirbright stand to discuss science with the public

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Cheltenham Science festival - LB

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

National science festival which Team members attended to demonstrate to the public how scientists at The Pirbright Institute can work to contain and control viral outbreaks. Over 500 people accessed the information and this stimulated increased interest in science and research.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Combating avian influenza through systematic analysis of antigenic drift, genetic variation, and development of novel diagnostic tools and vaccines. Presented at as PI of the ZELS project at ZELS grant holders and Stakeholders meeting in Hanoi, Vietnam 23th-24th January 2017.

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Engagement and dissemination of research outcome to representatives of research funding bodies such as Department for International Development (DFID), Medical Research Council (MRC) and the researchers working on different research projects funded by BBSRC under Zoonoses and Emerging Livestock Systems (ZELS).

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Conor Haydon participated in the STEM Day - Speed interviews and Careers Day

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

STEM day engagement and careers

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Coronavirus lecture MSc students (Surrey)

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results and Impact

A lecture was presented on the replication, cellular interactions and pathogenesis of coronaviruses to 15-20 MSc students from University of Surrey. The students were engaged and interested, answering and asking questions during the session.

Described techniques for development of next generation of vaccines against viral diseases affecting animals and humans.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Delivered a lead talk and chaired a session at VIROCON international conference, New Delhi on Early events on PPRV pathogenesis- February 18-20, 2020

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Delivered a lead talk at VIROCON international conference, New Delhi on Early events on PPRV pathogenesis- February 18-20, 2020. This parks questions and discussions after the talk. The scientists working on other morbilliviruses, example on Measles were keen to know the new fact I delivered that PPRV primarily infect immune cells in pharyngeal tonsil, but not in the epithelium of respiratory tract as believed.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2020

Description

Demonstrating Mathematics (Angita Shrestha)

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results and Impact

Angita Shrestha (PhD student within Avian Influenza group) provided help in a Maths session to the new Oxford Doctoral Training Porgramme (DTP) cohort.

A public open day for Diamond Light Source, which Pirbright attended as a user of the facility to showcase research being performed at Pirbgith in collaboration with Diamond. There was a lot of interest in the fundamental research and sicussion about future plans and how it fit with the facility at Diamond.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Diamond open day

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Over 300 people visited our stand at the open day, in which we described the importance of our work for food security and public health. Children from all ages were involved and learned about viruses and played with the huge virus particle that we had produced. One of the major impact was that we described to several people why we work on some viruses that we do not have them in the UK, and the importance of the work for the UK and UK economy and public health was explained.

The primary aim of the workshop was to forge long-term research partnerships between early-career researchers, livestock industry and national disease control authorities in the UK and the Philippines. In addition, the activity hopes provide information about the emerging and next generation diagnostic and vaccine strategies and their utilization to reduce the impact of viral diseases on livestock and poultry.

Expert group meeting for PPR eradication at head quarters of WHO, Vienna, Austria, 2018

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Policymakers/politicians

Results and Impact

In the FAO/PPR eradication meeting satya has presented work on PPR epidemiology and diagnosis. The talk was designed for the stakeholders and policy make to make aware on important points that are required for eradication of PPR

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

FLI - presentation

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results and Impact

Presentation of current research to the FLI - Germany to build collaborations 19/20 November 2018

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Farnborough College of Technology Career day

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

The aim of this event was to give Y13 students direct access to local potential employers who are prepared to invest in training and developing their employees via recognised apprenticeships, formal additional qualifications or in-house training, together with information on when and how they can apply. Additionally the exhibition was open for all the 3,700 college students to attend throughout the day with their families. Giulia was in charge of The Pirbright Institute stand with various activities for visitors to take part in and she was explaining our science to the students and the general public, career opportunities and training options. During the day working on the stand Giulia could speak with many children and adults about her work at Pirbright and what The Pirbright Institute is, stimulating public interest in research.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Farnborough futures careers event - HJM

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

The careers event aimed to introduce the range of careers available at Pirbright. In addition I discussed my own career progression and highlighted the range of possible careers that I could have entered. Finally, I discussed some details of the research with interested students. The students had a wide range of backgrounds and career aims but were interested to hear about the Institute and the sort of work opportunities available. Several of them planned to follow up by investigating future job opportunities at Pirbright.

Dissemination of research outcomes to prevent and control of infectious diseases of animals and humans.- Avian influenza virus evolution and efficacy.-

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Holt School Surrey. Bee meadow & A-level outreach Talk.

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

I discussed the importance of pollinators for biodiversity and food security with the younger students. I also discussed careers in science with A-Level students. There was good interaction and many questions surrounding both topics.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Human Infection Challenge Models Network

Form Of Engagement Activity

A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Policymakers/politicians

Results and Impact

HIC-Vac is an international network of researchers who are developing human infection challenge (HIC) studies to accelerate the development of vaccines against pathogens of high global impact. The goal is to foster an engaged and interactive community of international researchers to promote open sharing of knowledge and expertise, generate new ideas, support and share best practice, and form new cross-discipline collaborations.

The talk and the discussion was the best practices to improve control systems (vaccines and diagnostics) for prevention of avian influenza viruses infection in poultry and zoonotic infections in humans.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Imagineering Fair

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Talked to the general public about Pirbright science and Beekeeping

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Immuno-pathobiology of H9N2 avian influenza viruses: looking at how the viruses evolve and persist in poultry. Presented at "Techniques for Healthy Farming and Diseases Prevention & Control of Livestock and Poultry. Beijing, August 13th-15th, 2018.

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results and Impact

Dissemination of research outputs. Improvement of vaccines and diagnostics.

The talk and the discussion was the best practices to improve control systems (vaccines and diagnostics) for prevention of avian influenza viruses infection in poultry and zoonotic infections in humans.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Inauguration of the UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases (CERAD) and Symposium on Recent Advances in Avian Disease Research

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Inauguration of the UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases (CERAD) and Symposium on Recent Advances in Avian Disease Research. This was held in Binzhou, Shandong province in China in 2015

Scientists from The Pirbright Institute's Vaccine Differentiation group have recently returned from Chennai in India, where they conducted a mass peste des petits ruminants (PPR) vaccination campaign and awareness programme. They joined scientists from four specialist organisations; Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB) and National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI).Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), also known as goat plague, is highly contagious and infects small ruminants such as sheep and goats, causing up to 90% mortality. The disease is prevalent across large parts of Africa, the Middle East, India and China and is estimated to cost between US$1.4 billion and US$2.1 billion globally each year. In 2017, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) and the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) introduced a global eradication programme to reduce the devastating impact PPR has on the economy and food security of affected countries."Over 40 vets joined our vaccination campaign in the Tanir Kulum village of Tiruvallur District, TaminNadu (close to Chennai), where we administered vaccines to over 400 sheep and goats in a single day. We also ran an awareness camp where we provided farmers and vets alike with expert guidance on diagnosing clinical signs of PPR and what measures they could take to reduce its spread", said Professor Satya Parida from Pirbright, who led the collaborative effort with Dr Dhinakar Raj from TANUVAS.

Public science event where team members participated on a Pirbright Institute stand which contained activities to help the public understand how scientists can help to contain and control viral outbreaks. Over 500 members of the general public attended which stimulated increased interest in science and research and led to requests for more information.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Innovate Guildford Outreach (12th March)

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

With amazing exhibits, activities, workshops, talks and competitions, it's FREE to attend. Explore the four zones: Engineering, One Health, Digital Media and Future Living, experience interactive performances, hear inspiring speakers (including leading gaming pioneer Peter Molyneux and animal health pioneer Professor Nick Bacon) and take in an amazing atmosphere. Theatre, music and comedy will feature through the day, with everything from how technology might have affected Shakespeare's plays to risky recycling and photographic secrets.

Giulia and Isobel represented The Pirbright Institute at the career fair at the Guildford College in a context of many other businesses and University representatives. The aim was to show the range of careers that are possible within a range of industries. For this event Giulia was in charge of the Institute stand and could speak about careers in science and the research carried out at The Pirbright Institute. Students were engaging in our activities for promoting interaction and showed a high level of interest for science and research careers requesting more information.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Institute stand at Surrey Vet School open day

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

Stimulating increased interest in science and research

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

International Avian Respiratory Disease Conference

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Industry/Business

Results and Impact

Michael presented his research at the 2018 International Avian Respiratory Disease Conference in the US to an audience of avian researchers and representatives form the poultry veterinary vaccine industry. This sparked discussion and potential future collaborations

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

International Conference

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Global Alliance for Research on Avian Diseases conference health in Hanoi 17-19 January 2018. Purpose of the conference was to establish global partnerships and links between academic researchers and the poultry industry to improve joined up work in regards to preventing, controlling andcombating avian diseases. The conferences provided a forum for discussion and exchange of ideas around the single theme of exploiting available opportunities to deal with emerging and existing infectious avian diseases in poultry production systems and to safeguard food supplies and human health.Conference speakers discuused basic, applied and commercial aspects of research on avian diseases including:• Evolution and Epidemiology of Avian Pathogens• Host-Pathogen Interactions - Virulence and Pathogenicity• Pathogen Mechanisms of Immune Evasion• Next Generation Disease Control Strategies• Vaccines• Immunity• Diagnostics• Zoonoses and Socio-economic impacts of avian diseases• Global Research Opportunities and Threats

I gave a quote as a STEM ambassador about why I think it is important to make sure women and girls have the same opportunities in STEM. This was shared on social media to celebrate International Day of Women and Girls in Science, a UN-led initiative.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

International Women's Day video for social media

Form Of Engagement Activity

Engagement focused website, blog or social media channel

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Three team members were interviewed about their careers in science for International Women's Day. The videos were posted on Pirbright's website, Facebook and Twitter to celebrate what we love about working in science.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Interview with Associated Press on ASFV vaccines

Form Of Engagement Activity

A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview

Interview with Journalist with The Scientist Magazine concerning ASFV vaccines and our research

Form Of Engagement Activity

A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Interview with Katya Zimmer Science Journalist with The Scientist Magazine published in July. This lead to follow up interviews for an in depth article on ASFV vaccines for the Scientist Magazine. In addition The Scientist published 4 Infographics images associated with the article

Invitation to give keynote talk on 'Control of avian diseases: Challenges and opportunities'

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Gave the Keynote talk on 'Control of avian diseases: Challenges and opportunities' at this International Symposium organized with an aim to gather international virology experts from both human and veterinary fields to share research experience, update findings and contribute their expertise through presentation and interactive discussion. The topics will cover a wide range of virology research common in both human and animal aspects. In addition, technological platforms such as vaccine development, and novel assays will be emphasized and addressed.

Invitation to talk at the Vaccine Symposium "Vaccines at different levels of complexity from subunit to whole cell formulations" jointly organised by the Centre of Genomic Regulation (CRG), Radboud UMC and MSD Animal Health, with the support from the MycoSynVac project

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Gave a talk and participated in the discussion on the challenges and research opportunities for innovation in poultry disease control

Invited speaker on "Bluetongue virus and Schmallenberg virus - recognising the continued threat of Culicoides-borne viruses of ruminants" British Society of Veterinary Pathology Annual Meeting 2018, Applied Ruminant PathologySchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, 29th of September 2018,

Invited speaker on "The Host-vector-pathogen Interface of Culicoides-borne Bluetongue Virus" at the VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES (VBD) IN THE UK - BIENNIAL MEETING 2018 John Innes Centre Norwich 4th-5th December 2018

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Invited speaker at Imperial College

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Gave a talk on our recent research in swine influenza. Discussions with PIs at Imperial after the talk. Established collaborations.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Invited speaker at the British VeterinaryPoultry Association 2018 meeting at Boehringer Ingelheim

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Industry/Business

Results and Impact

I was invited to present my research findings at the British Veterinary Poultry Association 2018 meeting, held at Boehringer Ingelheim.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Invited speaker, Merseyside BSI Affinity group

Form Of Engagement Activity

A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

I described the methods we used to identifyTissue resident memory cells in pigs, which sparked a lively discussion and interest in the technique. As a result I have established two collaborations with colleagues from Liverpool.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Invited speaker, Surrey University

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results and Impact

Under- and postgraduate students attended a talk I gave at the Department of Biological Sciences in Surrey. There was a lively discussion afterwards and as a result I have established a new collaboration.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Invited speaker, Vienna Veterinary School

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results and Impact

Gave a guest lecture at the Veterinary school in Vienna. There were a lot of questions and discussion after the talk. As a result established collaboration with Gerner Wilhelm's group.

Invited talk at Agricultural Science congress at New Delhi, India, February-2019- Use of reverse genetics to study the early pathogenesis and to develop marker vaccines for PPR

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Other audiences

Results and Impact

1. In a DBT-BBSRC FADH grant, The Pirbright Institute in collaboration with four Indian partners (TANUVAS, IVRI, NIAB and NIVEDI) has developed a PPR vaccine, which will be the first to differentiate between infected and vaccinated animals (DIVA), for which a patent application has been filed. Scientists have manipulated in the genome of PPR full length cDNA and rescued the DIVA vaccine virus using reverse genetic technique. Further this vaccine has been tested in goats providing full safety and potency upon virulent virus challenge. In contrast to current vaccine, this new DIVA vaccine can differentiate between naturally infected and vaccinated animals, therefore will help in meaningful assessment of vaccine coverage and epidemiological surveillance based on serology, in turn increasing the efficiency of control programmes. 2. Little is known about the early events in the development of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus (PPRV) infection. The current dogma is that similar to RPV, PPRV replicates primarily in the epithelium of the respiratory tract before disseminating throughout the host. However, our investigations, using intranasal inoculation of PPRV containing GFP (Green Fluorescent Protein) to mimic natural infection, indicate this is not the case and that immune cells in the pharyngeal tonsil is the primary target. This is a ground breaking discovery which changes the PPR pathogenesis. This infectious GFP virus is made from a synthetic cDNA of field virus (PPRV/Mor-08) using reverse genetics technique under FADH grant.The presentation sparked questions and discussions after the talk. Two PPR DIVA vaccines developed and the mechanism of PPR virus pathogenesis explained.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Invited talk at the National Institute for Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad on 3rd Jan 2019

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Participants were engaged in the recent advances in biotechnology, challenges and opportunities.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Invited to attend and present at the RSPCA Lay members Forum, Royal Society London 10th of December 2018

Form Of Engagement Activity

A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Third sector organisations

Results and Impact

Invited to attend to the RSPCA Lay members Forum, Royal Society London 10th of December 2018 and present on the ethical review process of animal research

Invited to talk at the International Conference on Building Human and Animal Health Capacities organised by the Jordan University of Science and Technology

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Participated in the discussion and talked on 'The recent advances in vaccination-based control of poultry diseases'. The need for increased awareness of the pathogen diversity in the design of vaccines and the opportunities from advances in vaccine technologies were discussed

A lecture was presented on the pathology, diagnosis and detection of enteric coronaviruses, including virus replication and interaction with the host. The students were engaged and asked/answered question throughout the session. We were invited to repeat the lecture for the subsequent student intakes.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2015,2016,2018

Description

Lecture to MSc studnets University of Surrey

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results and Impact

Lecture on African swine fever virus to MSc students University of Surrey Veterinary faculty

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Lorin Adams (Gordon's School Careers Fair)

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

Describe the research that lead to improve control systems against infectious viral diseases of animals and from animals to humans.

During the 11th International Symposium on Marek's Disease and Avian Herpesviruses, which took place from 6 to 9 July 2016, Paolo Ribeca gave a talk on "Attenuation of MDV: an RNA-seq based perspective".

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2016

Description

MF AIRG

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Avina immunology research group meeting in Canada

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2014

Description

MF PAG

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

The Plant and Animal Genome XXIV Conference (PAG) is designed to provide a forum on recent developments and future plans for plant and animal genome projects. Consisting of technical presentations, poster sessions, exhibits and workshops, the conference is an excellent opportunity to exchange ideas and applications on this internationally important project.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2014,2016

Description

MF STEM3

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

Students from Years 5-6 i. Gave a talk on the Ebola virus outbreak in west Africa. Porvided virus and DNA models, careers hand-outs.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2016

Description

MSc student visit

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results and Impact

I hosted several MSc students from University of Surrey, discussed avian research with them and demonstrated some laboratory techniques. The students gained an understanding of academic research and laboratory work.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018,2019

Description

Mapping antigenic determinants of H9N2 avian influenza viruses and improving vaccines and diagnostics" presented at Foreign Talent Lecture: New strategies and new techniques for the prevention and control of major avian diseases. Shandong Binzhou Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou, China. 6th August 2018.

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

The focus of the meeting was to improve the control systems against poultry diseases including development of improved vaccines and diagnostics

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Microbiology Society Annual conference (UK)

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Industry/Business

Results and Impact

Poster or oral presentation at Microbiology Society annual conference, a major international event. The participants included researchers from many different areas of science. This provides a platform to promote research to a wider audience as well as discuss the key findings with experts in my own field.

I gave a 15 minute oral presentation to an audience of around 80 people in 2016 and 2018. The audience consisted of researchers from many different scientific institutions from different areas of avian research. This was a great opportunity to present to experts in this field and gain novel insights into the project and the possible applications of my work.

The talk and the discussion on the improvement of disease control systems (vaccines and diagnostics) to prevent avian influenza viruses infection in poultry and zoonotic infections in humans.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Munir Iqbal: Cheltenham Science Festival

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Describe the research that lead to improve control systems against infectious viral diseases of animals and from animals to humans.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

NL Animal Health Research Club

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

ARC will hold up to two dissemination events per annum. The aim of these events is to facilitate the dissemination of the research findings from the grants awarded through ARC to the Industry Members of the Club and other researchers. The dissemination events also provide an excellent opportunity for networking and we encourage delegates to make the most of the time made available for this purpose in the programme. BBSRC staff and the ARC coordinators will be available throughout the day should you have any questions regarding the Club.Presentations: The presentations are the main opportunity for ARC research groups to present research findings and future plans and for Industrial Members to find out about ARC funded projects and provide feedback. Featured projects have been allocated presentation time as described in the programme and should include at least 5 minutes for questions. Presenters are asked to keep to time and presentations should demonstrate the relevance of the work to animal health and the livestock industry.Posters: Research groups funded through ARC have been offered the opportunity to provide posters of work which is of relevance to the Industry Members of the Club. This will provide an opportunity to have informal discussions about current progress during networking activities and provide additional project information of relevance to ARC.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2015,2016

Description

Networking presentation-INRA, Paris, France

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

A presentation at INRA describing the role of the SH protein of BRSV in modulating immune responses in calves. This presentation resulted in a heated debate on the role of viral proteins in immune evasion and their activities in attenuated vaccines.

The primary aim of this workshop was to forge long-term research partnerships between early-career researchers, livestock industry and national disease control authorities in the UK and the Philippines. The workshop provided information on emerging and next generation diagnostic and vaccine strategies and their utilization to reduce the impact of viral diseases on livestock and poultry.

I presented my work at the Nidovirus Symposium, which is held every three years and brings together researchers from industry and academia from many different countries. I had some interesting discussions with other researchers and built my network.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2017

Description

Oral and poster presentation at European Society of veterinary Virology and EPIZONE (ESVV/EPIZONE) at Vienna, Austria 2018

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Other audiences

Results and Impact

Presentation has been made on early events of PPR virus pathogenesis. The presentation reveled that PPR virus first taken up by the immune cells to the Pharyngeal tonsil and then to other lymph nodes before generalisation of the disease. Secondary replication happens in epithelial cells. This alters the existing believe that virus primarily replicate in the epithelial cells. Similarly a poster presentation has been done to show the detection of nucleic acid of PPR virus during PPR eradication programme, nasal sample has been shown as the best sample for viral genome detection.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Oral presentation at the Global Alliance for Research on Avian Disease meeting in Hanoi, Vietnam 15th -19th Jan 2018

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Other audiences

Results and Impact

A talk was given on the PB1-F2 function in avian influenza infection of avian hosts at the GARAD meeting. This meeting was attended by approximately 120 researchers and poultry industry members from a wide international geographic region.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Oral presentation to Large Animal Research Network 24th May 2017

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Other audiences

Results and Impact

Talk about work understanding PB1-F2 function in avian hosts highlighting how the animal work carried out was undertaken and monitored. this was delivered to an audience of researchers, funders and industry interested in animal model systems for research and the 3Rs commitment surrounding this work. Discussions with interested parties about our chicken work at the Institute and the diverse way that the birds are entertained whilst being housed (e.g. live food, vegetables, perches, dust baths etc).

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2017

Description

Organisation of Influenza meeting at Roslin Institute 21st-22nd November 2017

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Other audiences

Results and Impact

Along with Paul Digard (Edinburgh) and Edward Hutchinson (Glasgow) I helped to organize, plan and run a Influenza update meeting which ran for 2 days at The Roslin Institute in November 2017. The symposium was attended by approximately 60 influenza researchers from the UK. Talks were given by a range of people with student talks and posters being awarded prizes. This was supported by Medimmune and the Microbiology Society.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2017

Description

Organisation of UK-India Bioinformatics Workshop

Form Of Engagement Activity

A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

The meeting discussed the challenges and opportunities and have decided to come up with a strategy document on working together between UK and India on data-driven biology

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Organised the 3rd UK-China CERAD meeting in Guildford, UK in July 2017

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

The 3rd UK-China CERAD meeting helped to bring together professional from both countries to identify challenges and exploit the opportunities for improved control of poultry diseases and increasing food security.

I am on the organising committee for this conference. The second conference in this series will highlight recent advances in animal genetics and genomic technologies. It will bring together specialists working on the interface of genomics, genetic engineering and infectious disease with the aims of improving animal and human health and welfare.

Novel genomic technologies, mathematical modelling and quantitative genetics approaches, applied to host animals, as well as their pathogens, have transformed the understanding of animal diseases, host-pathogen interactions and epidemiology and their effects on productivity of farmed animal species and food supply chains.

This year's conference will not only put the spotlight on the immune response of host animals and epidemiology but also cover the genetics and genomics of pathogens and the impact of animal-human relationships.

We encourage registrations from researchers, breeders and technical specialists interested in learning and disseminating the latest cutting-edge techniques and methodologies across model species, wildlife, farmed animals and companion animals.

PPR eradication meeting organised by FAO and OIE at Rome and talk has been delived on Development of DIVA vaccines

Form Of Engagement Activity

A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Industry/Business

Results and Impact

Satya Parida is working as an expert to PPR eradication and he is being invited for few of FAO/OIE meetings. The meetings discussed about roadmap, vaccine production capacity and eradication policy.Satya also presented work on PPR DIVA vaccine and DIVA tests developments and their evaluation in goats.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

PacBio Leiden

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Industry/Business

Results and Impact

Presented data to academics and industry experts on the methods we have developed to enrich and sequence targeted areas of genomes

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Paolo's talk on FMDV vaccine matching

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Policymakers/politicians

Results and Impact

Paolo Ribeca gave a talk at the 2018 Open Session of EuFMD (European commission for the control of foot-and-mouth disease ) on "Effective in-silico sequence-based prediction of FMDV vaccine matching" on behalf of Yasaman Kalantar-Motamedi, Mana Mahapatra, Luca Ferretti, Sophie Mahendran, Satya Parida, and himself.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Participation in Understanding Animal Research Video

Form Of Engagement Activity

A broadcast e.g. TV/radio/film/podcast (other than news/press)

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Interviewed and filmed by Understanding Animal Research as part of their 360 degree tour of UK animal facilities (http://www.labanimaltour.org/)

Team members attended the locally held Dragon fair where the Pirbright Institute had a stand explaining the types of research that are conducted at the Institute, making our high containment science activities transparent to the local community. Approximately 60 people engaged with the stall to learn about the science happening on their doorstep. This stimulated interest in science and research.

Postdoctoral scientists abstract submission was selected for oral presentation. Project results obtained at the time were presented to a highly interested and engaging audience of more than 250 scientists, veterinarians, students and policymakers.

Nick Knowles presented a poster at the 2018 Europic (the meeting of the European Study Group on the Molecular Biology of Picornaviruses) on "Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of Over 140 Foot-and-mouth Disease Viruses Isolated From Free-living African Buffalo (Syncerus Caffer) in Zimbabwe" on behalf of Jemma Wadsworth, Bruce Bolt, Luca Ferretti, Euan C. Anderson, Ashley Gray, Paolo Ribeca, and himself. The sequencing was funded by the Transboundary Pathogens portal project awarded to Pirbright.

The focus of talk was best practices for prevention and control of Avian influenza disease outbreaks in poultry

Vaccines and diagnostics for the control of avian influenza in poultry

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Poultry Stakeholders meeting hosted by Almarai, 15 October 2019

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Engagement with Almarai Poultry. The focus of the meeting with Almarai Poultry disease control team was to share knowledge on improved vaccination and diagnostic techniques against avian influenza viruses affecting poultry production.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Poultry Stakeholders meeting in Kuwait city 16 October 2019

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Prevention and control of avian influenza outbreaks in poultry.Described new vaccination and diagnostic technologies that provide more robust cross-protective immunity in emerging antigenic divergent strains of avian influenza viruses.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Presentation at Global Alliance for Research on Avian Diseases Conference

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Other audiences

Results and Impact

Presentation of my research at the Global Alliance for Research on Avian Diseases Conference in Vietnam to approximately 80 conference participants resulted in discussions about future research directions.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Presentation at RIVR meetings

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Other audiences

Results and Impact

Presentation of my research at Recently Independent Virology Researchers (RIVR) meetings in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019. I discussed my work and future collaborations with other virology researchers working in the UK.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2016,2017,2018,2019

Description

Presentation at Transboundary disease course

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Other audiences

Results and Impact

Discussion of BTV transmission, pathology and clinical disease to international participants of the Transboundary disease course

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2017

Description

Presentation at the EU BTV reference laboratory meeting

Form Of Engagement Activity

A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Policymakers/politicians

Results and Impact

Presentation of BTV pathogenesis and effects of Culicoides saliva to representatives from all European reference laboratories plus some additional participants from the EU and industry

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2017

Description

Presentation of project results at the 13th International dsRNA Virus Symposium 24th-28th of September 2018

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Poster and Oral presentations included key results of the studentship project

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Presentation to BBSRC Executive Board

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Other audiences

Results and Impact

I presented our research to the BBSRC Executive Board when they visited The Pirbright Institute in September 2018 and discussed the impacts of our work..

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Presentation to UKRI chair and Trustee Board

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Policymakers/politicians

Results and Impact

Presentation of latest research in livestock immunogenetic diversity to UKRI chair and Trustee Board members.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Presentation: BSI AGM: Immune regulation by the SH protein of BRSV

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Presentation at the BSI's AGM to describe the data generated regarding the role of the SH protein of BRSV in regulating immune responses after natural infections. Initiated a debate about the role of the SH protein of human RSV in immune regulation.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2017

Description

Project close meeting at TANUVAS, Chennai July 2018- Delivering talk on outcome of the project

Form Of Engagement Activity

A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

The project team held their final workshop at TANUVAS, which concluded a four year Farmed Animal Disease and Health (FADH) grant joint funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the Indian Government's Department of Biotechnology (DBT). "This grant has enabled us to collaborate with four organisations across India, and ensured that our research can be applied in the field to aid the campaign for PPR global eradication", said Professor Parida.The project covered many areas of research which are essential for understanding PPR and creating tools to help control and prevent the disease. The team have now filed a patent application for their newly developed PPR vaccine, which is the first to differentiate between vaccinated and infected animals (DIVA) - a quality that enables livestock owners to protect their animals whilst continuing to trade. The team have also investigated how the PPR virus (PPRV) infects sheep and goats and how their immune systems respond. By inserting green fluorescent protein into virulent PPRV and administering the modified virus to goats, they demonstrated that PPRV primarily infects the tonsils, challenging the earlier belief that the virus first replicates in the respiratory tract epithelial cells. The collaborative project has also generated better diagnostic tests for use in the field and laboratory, and preliminary research has identified why some Indian breeds of goats and sheep are resistant to the disease, which could help scientists to create PPRV resistant breeds in the future.Project partners, scientists from the University and 40 field veterinarians have joined the meeting. An awareness training has been conducted on PPR disease and eradication for these field veterinarians.

Protecting poultry from avian influenza through passive immunisation. Presented at Foreign Experts Seminar "New strategies and new tools for the prevention and control of major poultry diseases. Shandong-Binzhou Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Academy, China, 20-22 September 2019.

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

The talk and the discussion was the best practices to improve control systems (vaccines and diagnostics) for prevention of avian influenza viruses infection in poultry and zoonotic infections in humans.

A press release, press conference or response to a media enquiry/interview

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Media (as a channel to the public)

Results and Impact

A Q&A statement on coronaviruses was provided to the science media centre, who distributed it to media outlets. Excerpt have been used in 1420 articles incuding the Daily Mail and syndicate articles. The Q&A was also used in a Pirbright Institute media statment.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2020

Description

Rebecca Daines: Cheltenham Science Festival

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Described the research undertaken at the Pirbright Institute that lead to improve control systems against infectious viral diseases of animals and from animals to humans.

A talk entitled "Recombinant single chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody protects chickens from avian influenza" was presented at the workshop exploring new technical advances for analysis and production of antibodies for prophylaxes and treatment of animal and humans diseases. Both academics and staff linked with animal and public health industry attended this workshop.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2020

Description

Represented The Pirbright Institute at the British Pig and Poultry Fair, 2018

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Dr Andrew Broadbent represented The Pirbright Institute at the British Pig and Poultry Fair, 2019 that was well attended by members of the General Public, poultry industry representatives and veterinary practitioners.

A seminar was given based upon the reverse genetics system of infectious bronchitis virus. The audience was a group of 10 -15 MSc students from University of Surrey. The students were engaged, asked questions about the research and careers in science. We were asked to repeat the seminar for the next year's intake of students.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2013,2014,2015,2016,2017

Description

Reverse genetics seminar to MSc students

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results and Impact

A seminar was presented describing reverse genetics of viruses, including infectious bronchitis virus and the application of reverse genetics in research. The students were interested and engaged, participating in activities and asking questions. We were invited to present the seminar in subsequent years for new student intakes.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2013,2014,2015,2016,2018

Description

STEAMfest

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

Stimulating increased interest in science and research

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

STEAMfest - HJM

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

A large open day event at hosted at University of Surrey for students from a number of schools in the region to explore different scientific questions and areas of work.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

STEAMfest - HS

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

Team members attended the event where a flu fighters stand was displayed demonstrating how scientists are working to rapidly detect and control avian influenza in the filed to protect food security, animal welfare and human health. Approximately 200 secondary school students engaged with the stall and this stimulated increased interest in science and research,

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

STEM Outreach Event (Farnborough, 9th November)

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

See web link

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2016

Description

School Governor Science-Link

Form Of Engagement Activity

A formal working group, expert panel or dialogue

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

School governor with specific responsibility for health and safety and science

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2016,2017,2018,2019,2020

Description

School Visit (Woking)

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

Amin Asfor engaged with Six-form students and parents at a Careers day. He showcased The Pirbright Institute and a Science career, discussed the use of animals in research and the need to do research aimed at reducing their use and replacing them with alternative methods.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

School careers-Big Interview MdP

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

Stimulating interest in science and research to secondary school students

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Science Update to BBSRC executives

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Policymakers/politicians

Results and Impact

Visit from the BBSRC to discuss science highlights

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Science update to BBSRC executives

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Policymakers/politicians

Results and Impact

Presentation of our latest research in livestock immunogenetic diversity to visiting BBSRC executives at The Pirbright Institute.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Second Symposium of the UK-China Centre of Excellence for Research on Avian Diseases held in March 2016 in Binzhou, Shandong Province, China

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

The second international meeting of the UK-China CERAD was attended by a number of delegates from both UK and China and reviewed the progress. Plans were drawn of further activities and plans for securing additional grants.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2016

Description

Seminar given at The Roslin Institute - 19th October 2017

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Other audiences

Results and Impact

Invited to give a Seminar on PB1-F2 programme of work at The Roslin Institute in Edinburgh to researchers.

The Surrey County Show is an agricultural show in Guildford that is visited by the general public. The Pirbright Institute had a stand with various activities for visitors to take part in and explain our science to a wide audience. Giulia spent a day working on the stand and spoke with many children and adults about her work at Pirbright to change public attitudes and stimulate increased interest in research.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Surrey Open day

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Undergraduate students

Results and Impact

Described the research activity of the Pirbright Institute for students from school, graduate and postgraduate students, and provided information on research facilities in the institute.

The event was an open day for prospective students for the University of Surrey vet school. The course includes a research placement, which can be conducted at Pirbright. Therefore there was a stand from Pirbright to describe the research we perform generally as well as a discussion of our specific research. The audience were generally interested and the information helped inform them when selecting a university course.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Sushant Bhat:Pirbright Dragon Fair

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Described the research undertaken at the Pirbright Institute that lead to improve control systems against infectious viral diseases of animals and from animals to humans.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

TW ARC

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

ARC will hold up to two dissemination events per annum. The aim of these events is to facilitate the dissemination of the research findings from the grants awarded through ARC to the Industry Members of the Club and other researchers. The dissemination events also provide an excellent opportunity for networking and we encourage delegates to make the most of the time made available for this purpose in the programme. BBSRC staff and the ARC coordinators will be available throughout the day should you have any questions regarding the Club.Presentations: The presentations are the main opportunity for ARC research groups to present research findings and future plans and for Industrial Members to find out about ARC funded projects and provide feedback. Featured projects have been allocated presentation time as described in the programme and should include at least 5 minutes for questions. Presenters are asked to keep to time and presentations should demonstrate the relevance of the work to animal health and the livestock industry.Posters: Research groups funded through ARC have been offered the opportunity to provide posters of work which is of relevance to the Industry Members of the Club. This will provide an opportunity to have informal discussions about current progress during networking activities and provide additional project information of relevance to ARC.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2015,2016

Description

Taiwan -UK Partnering Award: Surveillance of influenza viruses

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

Attended the International Flu Virus Symposium for Celebrating IPM 47th Anniversary" in Tri-Service General Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan.

Teaching- lecturing, small group classroom teaching and laboratory practical teaching

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results and Impact

I have been actively engaged with teaching activities at the University of Surrey, giving lectures, small group classes and laboratory practical classes to vet students and MSc students.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2015,2016,2017

Description

Teentech

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

The annual Teentech student science event in Guildford aims to encourage teenagers to consider science subjects and science careers. Our stand had considerable interest from the schoolchildren who were very enthusiastic. The event stimulated an increased interest in science and research.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2016,2019

Description

The Hurst careers event - HJM

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

The Hurst school held a careers event for GCSE students to attend throughout the day. The Pirbright stand contained a variety of engagement activities to demonstrate the research we perform and to stimulate discussion. The students seemed interested in the activities and those more interested in a science career asked a variety of questions about the research and entry into scientific research as a career.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

The Pirbright Village Duck Fair held on 16 June 2018

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Local Village Fair, interaction with local residence to expanse research aims and activities of The Pirbright Institute and benefits to UK and around the globe to prevent and control infectious diseases of animals and humans.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

The co-Circulation of Low and High-path-AIV in the same country with sub-optimal bio-security: Virus evolution and impact on vaccine efficacy. Presented at the 11th Scientific conference of Egyptian Veterinary Poultry Association, Conference "Towards a National strategy to control poultry industry problems in Egypt". 20-23 April 2019.

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

The talk and the discussion on the improvement of disease control systems (vaccines and diagnostics) to prevent avian influenza viruses infection in poultry and zoonotic infections in humans.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

The global Situation and pathobiology of Avian Influenza in different Avian Species. Presented at the 11th Scientific conference of Egyptian Veterinary Poultry Association, Conference "Towards a National strategy to control poultry industry problems in Egypt". 20-23 April 2019..

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

The talk and the discussion on the improvement of disease control systems (vaccines and diagnostics) to prevent avian influenza viruses infection in poultry and zoonotic infections in humans.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Tillingborne Science Day

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Schools

Results and Impact

Stimulating increased interest in science and research

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2019

Description

Tillingbourne bug hunt. New Rd, Chilworth, Guildford GU4 8NB

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Regional

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Stimulating increased interest in science and research. Good interest and engagement.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

Tour of Pirbright Research facilities for CLA group

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an open day or visit at my research institution

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

The CLA is the membership organisation for owners of land, property and businesses in rural England and Wales. The CLA came for a tour of the Jenner building facilities at The Pirbright Institute. I led a tour of our building for the group and described the work undertaken by the avian research programme here.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2017

Description

U3A talk

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

Local

Primary Audience

Public/other audiences

Results and Impact

Presentation on influenza virus research at The Pirbright Institute for the local University of the Third Age group, approx. 50 people aged 65 years + all with an interest in science.

Emerging new approaches were discussed for prevention and control of infectious diseases affecting swines and poultry.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2018

Description

UK-India bioinformatics workshop

Form Of Engagement Activity

A talk or presentation

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

International

Primary Audience

Postgraduate students

Results and Impact

On February 9 2018 Pirbright organised a "UK-India bioinformatics workshop" in order to foster ties between Indian and UK bioinformaticians working in the field of livestock and crop research. Paolo Ribeca gave a talk on "Bioinformatics and sequencing at Pirbright".

Outcomes of the research project entitled "Understanding antigenic diversity, zoonotic potential and immunological prevention of avian influenza viruses affecting poultry" were presented to colleagues working on prevention and control of infectious diseases affecting animals and humans. the work led to incite further research collaborations with different groups from UK, China, Thailand and Philippine.

Year(s) Of Engagement Activity

2020

Description

Understanding avian influenza virus evolution and development of next generation vaccines. Presented at 459th Scientific Meeting of The Veterinary Research Club at The Farmers Club, 3 Whitehall Court London Friday 14th February 2020.

Form Of Engagement Activity

Participation in an activity, workshop or similar

Part Of Official Scheme?

No

Geographic Reach

National

Primary Audience

Professional Practitioners

Results and Impact

A talk presented entitled"Understanding avian influenza virus evolution and development of next generation vaccines". The discussion with senior staff from DEFRA and UKRI- BBSRC, researchers and veterinary professional like with control and prevention of animal diseases in United kingdom