• 3 Year Pilot Mine Project to start in Q4 of 2017 or Q1 of 2018 and generate over $175 million revenue from the pilot phase only with an assumed copper price of $2.25.

General Info & Timeline:

• VVC optioned 33.75% of the Samalayuca project in October 2013 and assumed management control, increasing that option to 67.5% in 2015.

• This previously producing property was shut down when Asarco closed the Copper Smelter in El Paso in 1970 and copper prices did not justify a local recovery facility.

• Phase 1 production area includes less than 10% of the mineralized zone of the Samalayuca property.

• 43-101 tons of 4.25 million tons of copper ore (42.5 million pounds of copper) completed in April 2013.

• Phase 1 production expected to begin Q4 of 2017 or Q1 of 2018 and last for 3 years and produce between 7 and 8 million tons of ore (70 to 80 million pounds of copper)

• VVC’s 67.25% share of Phase 1 production at $2.25 per pound is expected to be in excess of US $125 million.

Samalayuca Milestones to Production and Cash Flow Positive:

Agreement with Firex to finance the Phase 1 mine startup costs (up to $7 million ) after permits are in place and the first pit planned.

Completed contracts with Ejidos (farmer/land owners) 2013.

Complete land use zoning justification report—June, 2015.

Land use zoning approval by Advisory Committee—July 2015.

Land use zoning approval by Regional Director—August 2015.

Final Approval and public hearing on land use zoning approval by National Director—October 2015.

Final Publication in Federal Register—Pending*

In January of 2016, a lawsuit filed by the Ejidos (owners of the land of the Smalayuca Project was finalized in favor of the Ejidos, effectively removing them from control of CONAMP and negating the requirement for a zoning change—if this ruling which has to-date not been appealed holds up, it will over the long run make the operations of the Samalayuca project simpler from the regulatory approval standpoint. It will not change how the Samalayuca project would operate. A final ruling is expected soon and in either case expects to have the zoning issue positively resolved in Samalayuca’s favor.

Filed for drilling permits—February 2017.

Drilling for first pit, heap leach pad and camp—tentatively scheduled for April/May 2017.