WORDS OF WISDOM

This group of 30 odd 'sophy' and 'sopher' words have in common an

etymological derivation from the Greek sophia, meaning 'wisdom'. They refer toan odd group of systems of knowledge, esoteric doctrines, and philosophicalpractices, most of which are obsolete or extremely rare, with philosophy beingthe only maor exception. !ot "uite sciences or studies, nor are they isms, theytend to refer to mystical or occult concepts rather than strictly religious orscienti#c canons of knowledge. Word Defnitionanthroposophy knowledge of the nature of humanity$ human wisdomchirosophy knowledge of palm%readingcosmosophy knowledge of the cosmosdeipnosophy learned dinner%conversationdemonosopher one who is inspired by a demon or devilgastrosopher a person skilled in matters of eatinggymnosophy deep contemplation performed while nakedhelicosophy geometry that deals with spiralshypnosophy knowledge of phenomena relating to sleepmisosophy hatred of knowledge or wisdommorosophy foolish pretence of wisdommysteriosophy system of knowledge concerning secrets and mysteriesneutrosophy study of the origin and nature of philosophical neutralitiesontosophy knowledge of being or existencepalaeosophy ancient learning or thoughtpansophy universal knowledgepantosophy universal knowledge$ pansophyphilosophy science of knowledge or wisdomphysiophilosophy system of knowledge concerning principles of natural historyphysiosophy assumption of knowledge of naturephytosophy knowledge of plantspneumatophilosophy philosophy of spirits or the spirit worldpseudosophy pretension to wisdompsilosophy shallow philosophy$ limited knowledgepsychosophy doctrine or theory of the soulpyrosophy knowledge of the properties of #rerhabdology knowledge or learning concerning divining rodssciosophy system of knowledge without basis in sciencetheanthroposophy system of belief concerning &hrist as god and mantheosophy immediate divine illumination or wisdom'oosophy knowledge or learning concerning animals(LOVE AND ATTRACTION)hile this list might seem a bit ris"u* udging from its title, it's not as bad+or good, as you might think. -ach of these ../ weird words contains the wordelement 0phil0, from ancient Greek phileein to love, and so a 'philia' is a speciallove, a1ection, attraction or preference for a certain type of thing. 2romaerophilately % a pastime practiced by few % to 'oophily % a pastime hopefullypracticed by few, but unfortunately not % if you're a logophile, you'll love thislist. 3ncidentally, since 0'oophily0 is regularly one of the 4hrontistery's topkeywords, a note to any aspiring 'oophilists5 There's nothing to see here6 Getout6 7s for the rest of you, enoy6 To complement this list of philias, you mayalso #nd my list of manias to be of interest.Word Defnitionaerophilately collecting of air%mail stampsailurophilia love of catsammophilous sand%loving$ preferring to dwell in sandanemophilous pollinated by windanglophilia love or fondness for -ngland or the -nglishanthophilous loving or fre"uenting 8owersapodysophilia feverish desire to undressarctophily study of teddy bearsastrophile person interested in astronomyaudiophile one who loves accurately reproduced recorded soundbelonephilia sexual obsession with sharp obectsbibliophily love or fondness for books or readingcanophilia love or fondness for dogscartophily the hobby of collecting cigarette cardschasmophilous fond of nooks, crevices and crannieschiropterophilous pollinated or fre"uented by batschromophilous staining easilychrysophilist gold%loverclinophilia passion for bedscoprophilia abnormal love or fondness for fecescynophilist one who loves dogsdendrophilous fond of treesdiscophile one who loves and studies sound recordingselectrophile substance having an a9nity for electrons or negative chargeentomophilous adapted for pollination by insectsergophile one who loves work-urophile one who loves -urope2rancophile one who loves 2rance or the 2renchGallophile one who loves 2rance or the 2renchgeophilous living in or near the groundGermanophilia love or fondness for Germany or the Germansgerontophilia sexual attraction towards the elderly3gynotikolobomassophile one who nibbles on women:s earlobeshaemophilia hereditary disease causing excesssive bleedinghalophilous tolerant of salt or salt%waterheliophilous preferring or attracted to the sunlighthippophile lover of horseshomophile one who prefers the company of the same sex$ a homosexualhydrophilous loving or preferring waterhygrophilous preferring or living where there is an abundance of moistureiconophilism a taste for pictures and symbolsapanophilia love or admiration for ;apan or the ;apaneselabeorphily collection and study of beer bottle labelslimnophilous living in ponds or marsheslithophilous living among stoneslogophile a lover of wordslygophilia love of darknesslyophile easily dispersed in a suitable mediummalacophilous pollinated by snailsmyrmecophilous having a symbiotic relationship with antsnecrophilia unusual love or sexual attraction for corpsesnegrophile one who is sympathetic towards black peoplenemophilist one who loves the woodsneophile one who loves novelty and trendsnitrophilous 8ourishing in or preferring locations with abundant nitrogennotaphily collecting of bank%notes and che"uesoenophile one who is fond of or loves wineombrophilous tolerant of large amounts of rainfallophiophilist snake%loverornithophilous pollinated by birdspaedophilia abnormal love or sexual attraction for childrenpalaeophile anti"uarianparaphilia any abnormal sexual attractionperisterophily pigeon%collectingpetrophilous living on or thriving in rocky areasphilalethist lover of truthphilately study of postage stampsphilhippic loving or admiring horsesphillumeny collecting of matchbox labelsphilocaly love of beautyphilodemic fond of commoners or the lower classesphilogyny love of womenphilomath lover of learningphilonoist one who seeks knowledgephilopornist lover of prostitutesphilotechnical devoted to the artsphilotherianism love of animalsphiloxenia hospitalityphotophilous preferring or thriving in lighted conditionsphytophilous fond of plantspogonophile one who loves beards/psammophile sand%loving plantpsychrophilic thriving in cold temperaturesretrophilia love of things of the pastrheophile living or thriving in running waterrhi'ophilous growing or thriving on or near roots<ussophile one who admires <ussia or the <ussianssarcophilous fond of 8eshsciophilous thriving in or loving shady conditionsscopophilia obtaining sexual pleasure from seeing things=cotophilia admiration for =cotland or the =cotsscripophily collection of bond and share certi#cates=inophile one who admires &hina or the &hinese=lavophile one who admires the =lavsspermophile member of family of seed%loving rodentsstegophilist one who climbs buildings for sportstigmatophilia obsession with tattooing or brandingsymphily living together for mutual bene#ttechnophile one who is fond of technologythalassophilous living in or fond of the seatheophile one who loves or is loved by Godthermophilous preferring or thriving in high temperaturestimbrophily love or fondness for stamps$ stamp%collectingtobaccophile one who loves tobaccotopophilia great love or a1ection for a particular placetoxophily love of archery$ archery$ study of archerytropophilous 8ourishing in seasonal extremes of climateturophile cheese lovertyphlophile one who is kind to the blindxenophilia love of foreignersxerophily adaptation to very dry conditionsxylophilous fond of wood$ living in or on wood'oophilia loving or caring for animals$ bestiality'oophily loving or caring for animals$ bestiality>MANIAS AND OBSESSIONS=ometimes, when 3 look over what 3've created in the 4hrontistery, 3 start tothink 3'm more than a bit cra'y, and must be su1ering from verbomania. =till, 3probably don't ofcially have any of the ./( manias or obsessions listed below.=ome of these mania words represent clinical illnesses, while others are merelyfacetious. They show the range of unusual and weird things with which one canbecome obsessed. These words are the ones found in maor dictionaries$ nodoubt there are many others, given that, like phobias, manias are easy to formby taking a root word from ?atin or Greek and a9xing the su9x 'mania'. 7lsomy word list of types of love and attraction or 'philias', some of which indicatepathological attractions.Word Defnitionablutomania mania for washing oneselfaboulomania pathological indecisivenessagromania intense desire to be in open spacesandromania nymphomaniaanglomania cra'e or obsession with -ngland and the -nglishanthomania obsession with 8owersaphrodisiomania abnormal sexual interestarithmomania obsessive preoccupation with numbersballetomania abnormal fondness for balletbibliomania cra'e for books or readingbruxomania compulsion for grinding teethcacodemomania pathological belief that one is inhabited by an evil spiritcatapedamania obsession with umping from high placeschinamania obsession with collecting chinachoreomania dancing mania or fren'yclinomania excessive desire to stay in bedcopromania obsession with fecescytheromania nymphomania@dacnomania obsession with killingdemonomania pathological belief that one is possessed by demonsdinomania mania for dancingdipsomania abnormal craving for alcoholdiscomania obsession for disco musicdoramania obsession with owning fursdoromania obsession with giving giftsdrapetomania intense desire to run away from homedromomania compulsive longing for travelecdemomania abnormal compulsion for wanderingegomania irrational self%centered attitude or self%worshipeleutheromania manic desire for freedomempleomania mania for holding public o9ceenosimania pathological belief that one has sinnedentheomania abnormal belief that one is divinely inspiredepomania cra'e for writing epicsergasiomania excessive desire to work$ ergomaniaergomania excessive desire to work$ workaholismerotomania abnormally powerful sex driveetheromania craving for etherethnomania obsessive devotion to one's own peopleeulogomania obsessive cra'e for eulogies8agellomania abnormal enthusiasm for 8ogging8orimania cra'e for 8owersfrancomania cra'e or obsession with 2rance and the 2renchgallomania cra'e or obsession with 2rance and the 2renchgamomania obsession with issuing odd marriage proposalsAGraecomania obsession with Greece and the Greeksgraphomania obsession with writinggynaecomania abnormal sexual obsession with womenhabromania insanity featuring cheerful delusionshagiomania mania for sainthoodBellenomania obsession with Greece and the Greeks$ Graecomaniahexametromania mania for writing in hexameterhieromania pathological religious visions or delusionshippomania obsession with horseshydromania irrational craving for waterhylomania excessive tendency towards materialismhypermania severe maniahypomania minor maniahysteromania nymphomaniaiconomania obsession with icons or portraitsidolomania obsession or devotion to idolsinfomania excessive devotion to accumulating factsislomania cra'e or obsession for islands3talomania obsession with 3taly or 3talianskleptomania irrational predilection for stealingklopemania kleptomanialogomania pathological lo"uacitylypemania extreme pathological mournfulnessmacromania delusion that obects are larger than natural si'emegalomania abnormal tendency towards grand or grandiose behaviourmelomania cra'e for musicmethomania morbid craving for alcoholCmetromania insatiable desire for writing versemicromania pathological self%deprecation or belief that one is very smallmonomania abnormal obsession with a single thought or ideamorphinomania habitual craving or desire for morphinemusomania obsession with musicmythomania lying or exaggerating to an abnormal extentnarcomania uncontrollable craving for narcoticsnecromania sexual obsession with dead bodies$ necrophilianosomania delusion of su1ering from a diseasenostomania abnormal desire to go back to familiar placesnymphomania excessive or cra'ed sexual desireoenomania obsession or cra'e for wineoligomania obsession with a few thoughts or ideasoniomania mania for making purchasesonomamania mania for namesonomatomania irresistible desire to repeat certain wordsonychotillomania compulsive picking at the #ngernailsopiomania craving for opiumopsomania abnormal love for one kind of foodorchidomania abnormal obsession with orchidsparousiamania obsession with the second coming of &hristpathomania moral insanitypeotillomania abnormal compulsion for pulling on the penisphagomania excessive desire for food or eatingphaneromania habit of biting one:s nailspharmacomania abnormal obsession with trying drugsphonomania pathological tendency to murderDphotomania pathological desire for lightphyllomania excessive or abnormal production of leavesphytomania obsession with collecting plantsplanomania abnormal desire to wander and disobey social normsplutomania mania for moneypolemomania mania for warpoliticomania mania for politicspolkamania cra'e for polka dancingpolymania mania a1ecting several di1erent mental facultiesporiomania abnormal compulsion to wanderpornomania obsession with pornographypotichomania cra'e for imitating Eriental porcelainpotomania abnormal desire to drink alcoholpseudomania irrational predilection for lyingpteridomania passion for fernspyromania cra'e for starting #resrhinotillexomania compulsive nose pickingrinkomania obsession with skatingsatyromania abnormally great male sexual desire$ satyriasisscribbleomania obsession with scribblingsebastomania religious insanitysitiomania morbid aversion to foodsophomania delusion that one is incredibly intelligents"uandermania irrational propensity for spending money wastefullystampomania obsession with stamp%collectingsyphilomania pathological belief that one is aFicted with syphilistechnomania cra'e for technology.0Teutomania obsession with Teutonic or German thingsthanatomania belief that one has been a1ected by death magic, and resulting illnesstheatromania cra'e for going to playstheomania belief that one is a godtimbromania cra'e for stamp collectingtomomania irrational predilection for performing surgerytoxicomania morbid craving for poisonstrichotillomania neurosis where patient pulls out own hairtulipomania obsession with tulipstyphomania delirious state resulting from typhus fevertypomania cra'e for printing one:s lucubrationsuranomania obsession with the idea of divinityverbomania cra'e for wordsxenomania inordinate attachment to foreign things'oomania insane fondness for animals..LATIN ADVERBS AND PREPOSITIONS?ike most high schools in the late .DC0s, mine did not o1er courses in?atin. 3 #nally got to take a full year of ?atin during my G.7., which wasmarvelous, but 3'm certain that nobody receives the sort of classical educationthat one might have #fty years ago. Then again, 3 suspect that 3'm part of thattiny minority that actually would have pro#ted from such a course of study.Gut enough of this biographical detail. This list contains @0 ?atin adverbs+with some prepositions and conunctions hiding away too, that have foundtheir way into -nglish unchanged in form or meaning. Though some of them areextraordinarily obscure, others are regularly found in academic papers, thoughoften abbreviated +ibidem H ibid.$ videlicet H vi'.,. 7nd, while some of theseterms have perfectly good 7nglo%=axon e"uivalents, others are due forresuscitation. Try them on for si'e6 Word Defnitionalternatim alternatelyana in e"ual "uantitiesbis twice$ in two placescirca about$ aroundcirciter about$ aroundcoram in the presence of$ beforedivisim separatelyergo therefore$ hencegradatim step by stepgratis without charge$ for freegregatim in 8ocksguttatim drop by dropibidem in the same placeidem the same word as mentioned beforeimprimis in the #rst placeinfra below$ later in a text.(interim meanwhileitem likewise$ alsoiterum again$ afresh$ anewure by lawliteratim letter for letterpace contrary to the opinion of$ in respectful disagreement withpartim in partpassim everywhere$ dispersedlyper through$ according to$ by means or agency ofprimo in the #rst placepro in favour of$ forproximo of next monthpunctatim point for point"ua in the capacity of "uasi as if$ seemingly$ in a manner"uatenus in the capacity of$ in so far as"uoad with respect to$ as regards"uondam former$ sometime$ formerlyscilicet to wit$ namelysecundum according tosecus otherwisesemper alwaysseriatim in succession$ one after anothersic thussimiliter in a similar mannersine withoutsingillatim singly.3solus alonesparsim here and therestatim immediately$ at oncestillatim drop by dropsubito at once$ immediatelysupra above$ earlier in a textsyllabatim syllable by syllabletanti worthwhiletempore in the time ofubi"ue everywhereultimo of last monthvariorum including the notes of earlier scholars or editorsverbatim word for wordversus against$ in contrast tovice in place of$ rather thanvidelicet to wit$ namelyvulgo commonly$ popularlyADJECTIVES OF RELATIONThere are many terms which refer to a state of relating to or pertaining to acertain thing or category of things. 3nstead of using a phrase such as0pertaining to buttercups0, you can substitute the adective 0ranunculaceous0.Ising the admittedly invented phrase 0adectives of relation0, 3 have compiledC/( such terms below, making this topical list the largest in the 4hrontistery.The list is highly incomplete, mostly because we use many of these wordsevery day without reali'ing that they are part of this larger category. Jake gooduse of this rhematic list.Word Defnition./abbatial of, like or pertaining to abbots or an abbeyabecedarian of, like or pertaining to the order of the alphabet$ rudimentaryabiectic of, like or pertaining to #r trees or #r sapabsinthial of, like or pertaining to wormwood$ bitterabyssopelagic of, like or pertaining to the depths of the oceanacarine of, like or pertaining to ticks or mitesaccipitrine of, like or pertaining to falcons and hawksacerate of, like or resembling a needleacolouthic of, like or pertaining to an after%image or other after%sensationacrologic of, like or pertaining to initialsaddititious of, pertaining to or resulting from additionadenoid of, like or pertaining to or like a glandadipic of, like or pertaining to fatty substancesaeropleustic of, like or pertaining to aerial navigationaeruginous of, like or pertaining to copper%rust or verdigrisaestival of, like or pertaining to summeragonistic of, like or pertaining to or being aggressive or argumentativeagravic having no gravity$ pertaining to the condition of 'ero%gravityagrestic of the #elds$ rural$ unpolishedalar of, like or pertaining to the wing or shoulderalaudine of, like or pertaining to skylarksalcine of, like or pertaining to elks$ of, like or pertaining to auksaliphatic of, like or pertaining to fat or fats in generalalliaceous of, like or pertaining to garlic$ garlickyalopecoid of or resembling a foxalpestrine of, like or pertaining to alpine regionsalveolate of or like a honeycombalvine of the belly.>ampelidious of, like or pertaining to vinesamphiscian of, like or pertaining to torrid regionsamygdaloid almond%shaped$ of, like or pertaining to tonsilsamyloid containing or pertaining to starch$ starchyanacardic of, like or pertaining to cashewsanaclastic refractive$ of, like or pertaining to refractionanatine of, like or pertaining to ducksanconoid of, like or pertaining to the elbowancoral of, shaped like or resembling an anchoranguine of, like or pertaining to snakesanopheline of, like or pertaining to malarial mos"uitoesanserine of, like or pertaining to geeseapatetic of an animal's coloration or markingsapian of, like or pertaining to beesapiarian of, like or pertaining to bees or beekeepingapical of or at the apexa"uiline of, like or pertaining to eagles$ hooked like an eagle's beakaraneidan of, like or pertaining to spidersarchididascalian of, like or pertaining to headmastersarchitectonics of, like or pertaining to the arrangement of knowledgeareopagitic of, like or pertaining to tribunals or courtsarietine of, like or pertaining to ramsarval of, like or pertaining to ploughed landasinine of, like or pertaining to asses$ stupidaularian of, like or pertaining to a hall in a universityaurantiaceous of, like or pertaining or pertaining to oranges or orange treesauricular of, like or pertaining to the ear$ spoken secretly.@aval of, like or pertaining to a grandparentavian of, like or pertaining to birdsavicular of, like or pertaining to birdsavuncular like an uncle$ of, like or pertaining to unclesbaculine of, like or pertaining to the stick or cane$ of, like or pertaining to 8oggingbanausic materialistic$ merely mechanical$ pertaining to workshopsbasial of, like or pertaining to kissingbathyorographical of, like or pertaining to depth underwater or elevation above sea levelbathysmal of, like or pertaining to the depths of the oceanbatrachian of, like or pertaining to frogs or toadsbdelloid of, like or pertaining to leechesbenthic of, like or pertaining to the depths of the oceanbibitory of, like or pertaining or pertaining to drinkingbinaural of, pertaining to or heard by both earsbisontine of, like or pertaining to bisonbiverbal of, like or pertaining to two words$ having a double senseblattoid of, like or pertaining to cockroachesblennoid of or resembling mucusblepharal of, like or pertaining to eyelidsbolar of, like or pertaining to claybombic of, like or pertaining to silkwormsbombycine of, like or pertaining to silk or cottonbovine of, like or pertaining to cowsbranchial of, like or pertaining to gillsbrumal of, like or pertaining to winterbubaline of, like or pertaining to bu1alo or antelopesbuccal of, like or pertaining to the mouth or cheek.Abucolic of, like or pertaining to the tending of cattle$ rustic$ ruralburgensic of, like or pertaining to a borough or its citi'ensbursal of, like or pertaining to a state's revenuesbuteonine of, like or pertaining to bu''ardsbutyric of, like or pertaining to buttercaballine of, like or pertaining to or suited to a horsecacuminal retro8ex, pertaining to a point, crown, top or peakcalycine of, like or pertaining to a cup or calyxcameline of, like or pertaining to camelscampestral of, like or pertaining to the country$ pertaining to level groundcancellarial of, like or pertaining to a chancellorcancrine of, like or pertaining to crabs$ palindromiccanicular of, like or pertaining to the dog starcanine of, like or pertaining to dogscantative of, like or pertaining to singingcapitulary of, like or pertaining to a chapter of an organi'ationcapric having a goatlike smell$ of, like or pertaining to goatscaprifoliaceous of, like or pertaining to the honeysuckle plantcaprine of, like or pertaining to goatscarceral of, like or pertaining to prisonscardinalitial of, like or pertaining to church cardinalscaricous of, like or pertaining to #gscarious of, like or pertaining to dental cavities$ decayedcarneous 8eshy$ 8esh%coloured$ like or pertaining to 8eshcarni#cial of, like or pertaining to butchers or executionerscarpal of, like or pertaining to the wristcastellar of, like or pertaining to a castle.Ccastral of or belonging to the campcatalactic of, like or pertaining to exchangecatarrhine of, like or pertaining to Eld )orld Jonkeyscatenarian of, like or pertaining to chainscatoptric of, like or pertaining to re8ection or re8ected lightcaudal of, like or pertaining to the tailcausidical of, like or pertaining to those who plead legal casescenatory of, like or pertaining to suppercentrobaric of, like or pertaining to the centre of gravitycercopithecan of, like or pertaining to long%tailed monkeyscervine of, pertaining to or resembling deer, elk or moosecervisial of, like or pertaining or pertaining to beerchelonian of, like or pertaining to tortoises or turtleschiral of, like or pertaining to the hand or handednesscholic of, like or pertaining to bilechorepiscopal of, like or pertaining to an early local bishopchoreutic of, like or pertaining to a choruschrematistic of, like or pertaining to the pursuit of wealth or to businesschrestomathic of, like or pertaining to useful knowledgechthonian of, like or pertaining to the earth or the underworldcibarious of, like or pertaining to food$ useful for foodciconine of, like or pertaining to storkscinerary of, like or pertaining to ashesclysmian of, like or pertaining to or caused by 8oodcnemial of, like, or pertaining to the tibia +shin%bone,cnidarian of, like, or pertaining to invertebrates such as elly#sh and anemonescoeliac of, like or pertaining to the abdomen.Dcolubrine like a snake$ cunning$ of, like or pertaining to snakescolumbaceous of, like or pertaining to doves or pigeonscolumbine of or like a dove$ dove%colouredcompital of, like or pertaining to crossroadsconative of, like or pertaining to purposeful action or desireconnubial of, like or pertaining to marriagecoriaceous having a leathery appearance$ consisting, of, like or pertaining to leathercorvine crow%like$ of, like or pertaining to crows or ravenscosmotellurian of, like or pertaining to both heaven and earthcostal of, like or pertaining to the ribscothurnal of, like or pertaining to tragedycoticular of, like or pertaining to whetstonescreatic of, like or pertaining to 8eshcredal of, like or pertaining to a creedcrenitic of, like or pertaining to mineral springscrepuscular of, like or pertaining to twilightcretaceous of or resembling chalk$ of a whitish colourcrinal of or related to the haircrotaline of, like or pertaining to rattlesnakescrural of or belonging to the legcryptaesthetic of, like or pertaining to supranormal perceptioncryptous of, like or pertaining to cryptscuculine of, like or pertaining to cuckooscucurbitaceous of, like or pertaining to gourdscupulate of, like or pertaining to a cup$ cup%shapedcutaneous of or related to the skincynegetic of or related to hunting(0cyprinoid of, like or pertaining to carpcypseline of, like or pertaining to swiftsdecanal of, like or pertaining to a dean or deacondecennoval of, like or pertaining to the number nineteendecretal of, like or pertaining to a decreedelphine pertaining to the Kauphin of 2rancedelphinine of, like or pertaining to dolphinsdemegoric of, like or pertaining to demagogues or demagogic speechdemogenic of, like or pertaining to membership by citi'enship rather than kinshipdemotic of, like or pertaining to the common peopledenary one of ten$ tenfold$ of, like or pertaining to group of tendeontic of or relating to duty or obligationderic of, like or pertaining to the skindiaconal of, like or pertaining to a deacondiacoustic of, like or pertaining to the refraction of sounddiadermic of, like or pertaining to the puncturing of the skindianoetic capable of, like or pertaining to thoughtdidascalic didactic$ pertaining to education or teachingdidelphine of, like or pertaining to opossumsdidine of, like or pertaining to dodosdiluvial of, like or pertaining to 8oods$ especially mythical onesdinic of, like or pertaining to vertigo or di''inessdiscophoran of, like or pertaining to elly#shesdista1 of, like or pertaining to the female branch of a family or women's workdolabrate of, like or pertaining to axes or hatchetsdomal of, like or pertaining to a house or domedoxastic of, like or pertaining to opinion(.dromic of, like or pertaining to a racecoursedrupaceous of, like or pertaining to drupes or stone%fruitsduodenary of, like or pertaining to the number twelveeburnean of or like ivory$ ivory%colourededacious voracious$ gluttonous$ pertaining to eatingedaphic of, like or pertaining to the soiledentate toothless$ without teeth$ pertaining to aardvarks and slothselaphine of, like or belonging to a red deer$ of, of, like or pertaining to red deerelapid of, like or pertaining to cobraseleemosynary of, like or pertaining to charity or giving alms$ dependent on charityelenctic of, like or pertaining to argument$ cross%examination or refutingelephantine of, like or pertaining to elephantsempaestic of, like or pertaining to the art of embossingemporeutic of, like or pertaining to tradeempyreal of, like or pertaining to heaven$ sublime$ skywardemunctory conveying waste$ pertaining to nose%blowingenteral of, pertaining to or within the intestineentomical of, like or pertaining to insectseoan of, like or pertaining to dawnepedaphic of, like or pertaining to atmospheric conditionsepicedial of, like or pertaining to dirges or elegiesepichoric belonging or pertaining to a rural areaepistolary of, like or pertaining to lettersepithymetic of, like or pertaining to desireepulary of, like or pertaining to ban"uetse"uine of, like or pertaining to horseseristic of, like or pertaining to controversy or argument((erotetic engaging in or pertaining to rhetorical "uestioningestival of, like or pertaining to summerethmoid of or like a sieveeupeptic of, like or pertaining to good digestion$ cheerfuleusuchian of, like or pertaining to alligators and crocodilesexcrementitial of, like or pertaining to excrementfalconine of, like or pertaining to falcons or hawksfamilic pertaining to a family$ domesticfavonian of, like or pertaining to the west wind$ mild and favourablefeline of, like or pertaining to catsfenestral of, like or pertaining to windowsferial of, like or pertaining to holidays#ctile capable of being moulded$ of, like or pertaining to pottery#dicinal of, like or pertaining to stringed musical instruments#guline of, like or pertaining to earthenware#metic of, like or pertaining to dungfodient of, like or pertaining to diggingforaneous of, like or pertaining to forumsforcipate of, like or pertaining to forcepsformic of, like or pertaining to antsformicine of, like or pertaining to antsfringillaceous of, like or pertaining to #nchesfringilline of, like or pertaining to #nchesfrumentarious of, like or pertaining to cornfulgural of, like or pertaining to lightningfuliginous sooty$ dusky$ soot%coloured$ of or pertaining to sootfuliguline of, like or pertaining to sea ducks(3fullonical of, like or pertaining or belonging to a fullerfulmineous of, like or pertaining to thunder and lightningfunebral of, like or pertaining to a funeralfungous of or like fungus$ soft$ spongyfunicular of, like or pertaining to a string or cablefuruncular of, like or pertaining to boilsgadoid of, resembling or pertaining to the codgalactic of, like or pertaining to or obtained from milkgallinaceous of or resembling pheasants and other domestic birdsgeal of, like or pertaining or pertaining to the earthgelastic of, like or pertaining to or provoking laughtergemmeous of, like or pertaining to gems$ like a gemgenesic of, like or pertaining to procreation or the genitalsgeocyclic of, like or pertaining to the rotation and revolution of the -arthgeorgic of, like or pertaining to agricultural or rustic a1airs$ rural$ agrariangeoselenic of, like or pertaining to both the -arth and the moongeostrophic of, like or pertaining to de8ection due to e1ects of -arth's rotationgerontogenous of, like or pertaining to the Eld )orldgestatorial of, like or pertaining to carryinggestic of, like or pertaining to gesturesglirine rodent%like$ of, like or pertaining to rodentsglottogonic of, like or pertaining to the origins of languageglyptic of, like or pertaining to carving or gem%engravinggnathal of, like or pertaining to the awsgnomic signifying general truth$ pertaining to aphorisms or proverbsgoetic of, like or pertaining to black magicgrallatory of, like or pertaining to wading birds(/gramineous of, like or pertaining to grass$ grassygravimetrical of, like or pertaining to measuring by weightgregal of, like or pertaining to a 8ockgremial intimate$ pertaining to the lap or bosomgromatic of, like or pertaining to surveys or surveyinggruine of, like or pertaining to cranes or similar birdshabilatory of, like or pertaining to clothes or dressinghaemal of, like or pertaining to bloodhalcyonine of, like or pertaining to king#shershalibiotic of, like or pertaining to the entirety of life under the seahalieutic of, like or pertaining to #shinghalolimnic of, like or pertaining to sea creatures who spend time in fresh waterhaptic of, like or pertaining to the sense of touchhebamic of, like or pertaining to the socratic methodhebetic of, like or pertaining to pubertyhederaceous of, like or pertaining to ivyhepatic of, like or pertaining to or acting upon the liverhephaestic of, like or pertaining to iron%working and blacksmithshermeneutic of, like or pertaining to the interpretation of passageshermetic of, like or pertaining to sorcery or alchemyherpetoid of, like or pertaining to snakeshesternal of, like or pertaining to yesterdayhibernal of, like or pertaining to winterhiemal of, like or pertaining to winterhippiatric of, like or pertaining to the treatment of horses' diseaseshippic of, like or pertaining to horseshippoid e"uine$ of, like or pertaining to horses(>hircine goat%like$ having a goatish smell$ of, like or pertaining to smelly goatshirudine of, like or pertaining to leecheshirudinean of, like or pertaining to leecheshirundine of, like or pertaining to swallowshistrionic of, like or pertaining to the stage or actorshodiernal of, like or pertaining to the present dayhomarine of, like or pertaining to lobstershomiletical of, like or pertaining to homilieshoral of, like or pertaining to hours$ hourlyhorary of, like or pertaining to an hour$ continuing for an hour$ hourlyhordeaceous of, like or pertaining to barleyhortensial of, like or pertaining to gardenshortulan of, like or pertaining to gardenshumoral of, like or pertaining to body 8uidhyaloid of, like or pertaining to glasshydric of, like or pertaining to an abundance of moisturehyetal rainy$ of, like or pertaining to rainfallhygeian of, like or pertaining to health$ healthyhygric of, like or pertaining to water or moisturehylobatine of, like or pertaining to gibbonshymeneal of, like or pertaining to marriagehypnagogic sleep%inducing$ pertaining to drowsiness or sleephypnoetic of, like or pertaining to unconscious logical thoughthypnopompic of, like or pertaining to period between sleep and wakefulnesshypothecary of, like or pertaining to mortgageshystricine of, like or pertaining to porcupinesibidine pertaining to the ibis(@ichneutic of, like or pertaining to a tracker or trackingichthyic of, resembling or pertaining to #shicterical of, like or pertaining to or su1ering from aundiceicterine of, like or pertaining to orioles and related birdsicticof, pertaining to, or caused by, a blow or stroke$ pertaining to metrical stressiliac of, like or pertaining to the loinsilicic of, like or pertaining to hollyinescatory of, like or pertaining to baiting$ adapted to baitinguinal of, like or pertaining to the groininstitorial of, like or pertaining to an agent or factorintercrural within or pertaining to the area between the legsinterstitial of, like or pertaining to the space between thingsipecacuanhic of or relating to ipecaciridaceous of, like, or pertaining to iris plantsiridal of or pertaining to the rainbowiridic of, like or pertaining to the iris of the eyeischiatic of or pertaining to the ischium or hipislandic of or pertaining to an islandixiodic of, like or pertaining to ticksecoral of, like or pertaining to the liverentacular of, like or pertaining to breakfastuglandaceous of, like or pertaining to walnutsuncaceous of, like or pertaining to rushesural of, like or pertaining to the lawuratory of, like or pertaining to an oathkerygmatic of, like or pertaining to preaching the Gospel(Alacertilian of, like or pertaining to li'ardslacuscular of, like or pertaining to poolslacustrine of, like or pertaining to lakeslaic of, like or pertaining to lay people rather than clergylamiaceous minty$ of, like or pertaining to the mint plantlaminary of, like or pertaining to thin plates or layerlampyridine of, like or pertaining or pertaining to glow%worms or #re8ieslaniary of teeth or claws designed for tearing +canine teeth,lapidarian of, like or pertaining to stones$ inscribed on stoneslardaceous of, like or pertaining to lardlarine of, like or pertaining to gullslaroid of, like or pertaining to gullslavic of, like or pertaining to lavalegatine of, like or pertaining to a legatelemurine of, like or pertaining to lemursleonine of, like or pertaining to lionsleonine of or like a lion$ rhyming last two or three syllables in a lineleporine of, like or pertaining to the harelienal of, like or pertaining to the spleenlimacine of, like or pertaining to slugslimicoline living on a shore$ of, like or pertaining to wading birdslimnetic living in fresh water$ pertaining to fresh waterlinaceous of, like or pertaining to 8axlingual of, like or pertaining to language, speech or the tonguelittoral of, like or pertaining to the shore of a body of waterlobar of, like or pertaining to a lobeloimic of, like or pertaining to plaguesloranthaceous of, like or pertaining to the mistletoe(Clucernal of, like or pertaining to lampslumbricine of, like or pertaining to earthwormslunisolar pertaining ointly to the moon and sunlupanarian of, like or pertaining to a brothellupine of, like or pertaining to wolveslupulic of, like or pertaining to hopslutaceous of, like or pertaining to or comprised of mudlutrine of, like or pertaining to ottersmacropodine of, like or pertaining to kangaroosmagistral of, like or pertaining to a master or teachermalar of, like or pertaining to the cheekmalvaceous of, like or pertaining to the mallow family of plantsmanal of, like or pertaining to the handmandative of, like or pertaining to commands or leadershipmantic of, like or pertaining to divination$ prophetic$ divinely inspiredmarmoreal of or like marblematerteral of or resembling an auntmatinal of, like or pertaining to the morningmatrical of, like or pertaining to a womb or a matrixmatricular of, like or pertaining to a registermatriherital of, like or pertaining to inheritance along the female linematripotestal of, like or pertaining to the power of mothersmatutinal of, like or pertaining to the morning$ happening early in the daymaxillary of, like or pertaining to a awmedianic of, like or pertaining to spiritualists, mediums or prophetsmegachiropteran of, like or pertaining to fruit batsmeleagrine of, like or pertaining to turkeys(Dmellaginous of, like or pertaining to or resembling honeymembral of, like or pertaining to the limbs rather than the trunkmensal of, like or pertaining to the dinner%table$ monthlymental of, like or pertaining to the chinmeretriciousof, like or pertaining to prostitution$ super#cially attractive but lacking valuemetameric of, like or pertaining to serial division or segmentation of bodymetopic of, like or pertaining to the foreheadmilvine of, like or pertaining to kites and similar birdsmimetic imitative$ of, like or pertaining to mimicrymiothermic of, like or pertaining to temperature conditions of the present daymnesic of, like or pertaining to memorymolendinar of, like or pertaining to a mill or millermolinary of, like or pertaining to mills or grindingmorassic of, like or pertaining to a morassmorganatic of, like or pertaining to a marriage between those of une"ual rankmorphean of, like or pertaining to dreamsmorphotic of, like or pertaining to formation or developmentmorsal of, like or pertaining to the cutting edge of a knifemucopurulent of mucus and pusmulciberian of, like or pertaining to metalworkingmurine of, like or pertaining to mice and ratsmusal of, like or pertaining to poetry or the Jusesmuscicapine of, like or pertaining to 8ycatchers and related birdsmuscid of, like or pertaining to house%8iesmuscoid of, like or pertaining to mosses$ moss%likemusteline of, like or pertaining to weasels, martens and badgers30mycteric of, like or pertaining to the nostrilsmyelic of, like or pertaining to the spinal cordmyoxine of, like or pertaining to dormicemyrmecophagid of, like or pertaining to anteatersmyrmicine of, like or pertaining to antsmystagogical of, like or pertaining to religious ritual initiationnacreous of or resembling mother%of%pearlnarial of, like or pertaining to the nostrilsnatalitial of, like or pertaining to a birthdaynatricine of, like or pertaining to water%snakesneanic of, like or pertaining to the adolescent period$ youngnectareal of or like nectarnemaline of or like a threadnemoral of a wood or groveneoblastic of, like or pertaining to new growthneophrastic of, like or pertaining to neologismsnephric of, like or pertaining to the kidneysnepionic of, like or pertaining to the embryonic period of developmentnepotal of, like or pertaining to one's nephewneurergic of, like or pertaining to the function or action of the nervesniccolic made of, like or pertaining to nickelnicotian of, like or pertaining to tobacconidatory of, like or pertaining to nestsnimonic of alloys used in high%temperature worknobiliary of, like or pertaining to nobilitynosocomial of, like or pertaining to a hospitalnovenary of, like or pertaining to the number ninenovercal of, like or pertaining to a stepmother3.noxal of, like or pertaining to wrongful inury by obect or animal of anothernucal of, like or pertaining to nutsnuchal of, like or pertaining to the nape of the necknuminous of, like or pertaining to a deity$ su1used with religious awenummary of, like or pertaining to coins or moneynundinal of, like or pertaining to a fair or marketnutricial of, like or pertaining to nursesnychthemeral of, like or pertaining to a nychthemeron or (/%hour periodnymphean of, like or pertaining to a nymphobitual of, like or pertaining to obituariesobsidional of, like or pertaining to a siegeoccipital of, like or pertaining to the back of the headoctonary of, like or pertaining to or consisting of eight things$ grouped in eightsoecodomic of, like or pertaining to architectureoenopoetic of, like or pertaining to wine%makingolamic of or belonging to a vast period or eonoleic of, like or pertaining to or derived from oiloleraceous of the nature of a pot%herb$ for kitchen use$ edibleoligodynamic of, like or pertaining to the e1ect of small "uantitiesolitory of, like or pertaining to kitchen vegetablesoneiric of, like or pertaining to dreamsonomastic of, like or pertaining to a name or signatureontal of, like or pertaining to reality or existenceonymatic of, like or pertaining to namesophic of, like or pertaining to serpentsophidian of or like a snakeopisthosomal of, like or pertaining to posteriors3(optimate of the nobility or aristocracyordalian of, like or pertaining to an ordealorectic of, like or pertaining to appetite or desiresornithic of, like or pertaining to birdsorobathymetric of, like or pertaining to map showing submerged heights and sea depthsoscheal of, like or pertaining to the scrotumoscinine of, like or pertaining to song%birdsoscular of, like or pertaining to the mouth or to kissingosteal of, like or pertaining to, or comprised of boneostracean of, like or pertaining to oystersostraceous of, like or pertaining to oystersotarine of, like or pertaining to sealsotic of, like or pertaining to the earovibovine of, like or pertaining to musk%oxenovine of, like or pertaining to sheeppabulous of, like or pertaining to nourishmentpaginal of, like or pertaining to pages or paginationpalladian of, like or pertaining to wisdom or learningpalmar of, like or pertaining to the palmpalpebral of, like or pertaining to the eyelidpaludal of, like or pertaining to marshes$ marshy$ malarialpanary of, like or pertaining to bread$ bread storepapaverous of, like or pertaining to poppiespapilionaceous of, like or pertaining to butter8iespapuliferous pimply$ bearing or pertaining to pimplesparastatic of, like or pertaining to protective mimicry of animalspardine of, like or pertaining to leopards33parietal of a wall or walls, especially anatomical wallsparine of, like or pertaining to titmousesparthenian of, like or pertaining to virginspascual growing on land used for gra'ing$ of, like or pertaining to pasturespasserine of, like or pertaining to sparrowspatibulary of, like or pertaining to the gallowspatrial of, like or pertaining to one:s native landpavonian of, like or pertaining to peacockspavonine of, like or pertaining to peacockspectinal of a comb$ comb%likepectineal of the pubic bonepecuniary of, like or pertaining to money$ consisting of moneypedalian of, like or pertaining to the foot or to metrical feetpedary of, like or pertaining to walking or feetpedicular of, like or pertaining to licepedological of, like or pertaining to soilspelargic of, like or pertaining to storkspendular of, like or pertaining to a pendulumpenial of, like or pertaining to the penisperdicine of, like or pertaining to partridgesperisteronic of, like or pertaining to pigeonspetrean of, like or pertaining to or made of rockphacochoerine of, like or pertaining to warthogsphallic of, pertaining to or resembling a penisphemic of, like or pertaining to speechphenetic of, like or pertaining to classi#cation by phenotypephilomelian of, like or pertaining to nightingales3/philoprogenitive of, like or pertaining to instinctive love for o1springphocine of, like or pertaining to sealsphreatic of, like or pertaining to underground water supplying or wellsphrenic of or near the midri1phthongal of, pertaining to, or consisting of a sound$ vocali'edphugoid of, like or pertaining to the longitudinal stability of aircraftpicares"ue of, like or pertaining or pertaining to rogues or roguish behaviourpicine of, like or pertaining to woodpeckerspiscatorial of, like or pertaining to #shing or #sherspiscine of, like or pertaining to #shplanetesimal of, like or pertaining to asteroids or similar tiny celestial bodiesplantar of, like or pertaining to the sole of the footplaustral of, like or pertaining to a wagonplebeian of the common people or vulgar classesplenilunar of, like or pertaining to the full moonpliothermic of, like or pertaining to periods of above%average temperaturesplumeopicean of tar and featherspoaceous of, like or pertaining or pertaining to grasspodalic of, like or pertaining to feetpoliorcectic of, like or pertaining to siegecraft or besiegementpomaceous of, like or pertaining to or consisting of applespopliteal of, like or pertaining to the back of the kneeporal of, like or pertaining to poresporcine of, like or pertaining to pigs$ swinishpotamic of, like or pertaining to riverspraedial of, like or pertaining to or connected with the land or farmingprandial of, like or pertaining to dinner3>prebendal of, like or pertaining to stipends issued by a churchprenarial of, like or pertaining to or in front of the nostrilspreputial of, like or pertaining to the foreskinpresidial of, like or pertaining to a garrison4riapean of, like or pertaining to male reproductive power$ phallicpridian of, like or pertaining to yesterdayprimitial of, like or pertaining to #rst fruits$ primevalprimogenous of, like or pertaining to the earliest or #rst developmental stageprocephalic of, like or pertaining to the front of the headproctal of, like or pertaining to the anus or rectumprocyonine of, like or pertaining to raccoonsproethnic of, like or pertaining to primitive racesprosodic of, like or pertaining to versi#cationprosopic of, like or pertaining to the facepsephitic of, like or pertaining to pebblespsittacine of, like or pertaining to macaws, parakeets or parrotspsittacine of or like parrotspteric of, like or pertaining to the wing or the shoulderpteropine of, like or pertaining to 8ying foxespuerperal of, like or pertaining to childbirthpulicine of, like or pertaining to 8easpullastrine of, like or pertaining to pigeonspulmonic of, like or pertaining to the lungspygal belonging to the rump end$ pertaining to the rumppyretic of, pertaining to or for the cure of feverspyrrhic of, like or pertaining to the dance or to the footpyrrhuline of, like or pertaining to bull#nches3@"uadragesimal of, like or pertaining to ?ent$ lasting forty days"uercine of, like or pertaining to oak treesrabic of, like or pertaining to rabiesrachidian of or concerning the spinerameal of, like or pertaining to branchesrangiferine of, like or pertaining to or like reindeerranine of, like or pertaining to or like frogsranunculaceous of, like or pertaining to buttercupsraptorial predacious$ of, like or pertaining to a bird of preyratite of, like or pertaining to 8ightless birdsreginal of, like or pertaining to a "ueenregnal of a reignrenal of, like or pertaining to the kidneysreptilian of, like or pertaining to reptilesretiary of nets$ using nets as a weapon$ catching insects in websreticular of, like or pertaining to nets$ intricaterhematic of words or verbs$ forming a word or wordsrhinal of, like or pertaining to the noserhinocerotic of, like or pertaining to the rhinocerosrhi'ic of the root of an e"uationrhonchial of, like or pertaining to snoringrictal of the gape$ of the corner of the mouthriparian of or inhabiting a riverbank$ a riverside inhabitantrisible laughablerisorial of, like or pertaining to or causing laughterroseaceous of the rose family$ roselikerupicaprine of, like or pertaining to chamoises3Asacerdotal priestly$ pertaining to priestly interestssanguineous bloody$ of, like or pertaining to blood$ blood%redsaporine of, like or pertaining to the sense of tastesarcous of 8esh or musclesartorial of, like or pertaining to a tailor or tailored clothesscabious of, like or pertaining to scabies or scabsscacchic of, like or pertaining to chessscarabaean of, like or pertaining to scarabsschi'tic of, like or pertaining to or marked by splittingschoenabatic of, like or pertaining to rope walkingsciatheric of, like or pertaining to measurement of time by shadowssciatic of, like or pertaining to the hipscincoid of or resembling a skinkscioptic of, like or pertaining to formation of images in darkroomssciurine of, like or pertaining to s"uirrelssciuroid of, like or pertaining to s"uirrels or chipmunksscolopacine of, like or pertaining to snipesscorbutic of or su1ering from scurvyscriptory by, in or pertaining to writingscutal of, like or pertaining to shieldsscytodepsic of, like or pertaining to tanning leathersebaceous of or like tallowselachian of, like or pertaining to sharks or raysselenic of, like or pertaining to the moonsemic of, like or pertaining to a sign or signsseptentrional northern$ of, like or pertaining to the northseptimal of, like or pertaining to or based on the number seven3Cseral of, like or pertaining to the development of ecological communitiesserous of, like or pertaining to serum$ wateryserpentine of, like or pertaining to serpents or snakesshrieval of, like or pertaining to a sheri1sialic of, like or pertaining to salivasidereal of, like or pertaining to the starssigillary of, like or pertaining to a sealsimian of, like or pertaining to apessinal of, like or pertaining to the sinusessiphonic of, like or pertaining to a siphonskelic of, like or pertaining to the skeletonsoliterraneous of, like or pertaining to the oint e1ect of the sun and earthsomnial of, like or pertaining to dreamssophianic of, like or pertaining to wisdomsoricine of, like or pertaining to shrewssoricine shrewlike$ of, like or pertaining to shrewssororal of, like or pertaining to sisterssoterial of, like or pertaining to salvationspatiotemporal of, like or pertaining to time and spacespeluncar of, like or pertaining to cavesspermatic of, like or pertaining to spermsphecoid wasp%likesphingal of, like or pertaining to sphinxessphragistic of, like or pertaining to seals and signetssphygmic of, like or pertaining to the pulse or heartbeatspintrian of, like or pertaining to orgies or male sexual deviancesplenic of, like or pertaining to the spleen3Ds"ualoid of, like or pertaining to sharksstadial of, like or pertaining to a stagestatuary of, pertaining to or suitable for sculpturestercoraceous of, like or pertaining to fecessteric of, like or pertaining to the organi'ation of atoms in a moleculester"uilinian of, like or pertaining to a dunghillstibial of, like or pertaining to antimonystochastic of, like or pertaining to a se"uence of random eventsstradometrical of, like or pertaining to the measurement of streets and roadsstratonic of an army or armiesstrigine owl%like$ of, like or pertaining to owlsstruthious of, like or pertaining to ostrichesstylogalmaic of, like or pertaining to #gures serving as columns or pillarssuberic of or pertaining to corksuberous of, like or having the appearance of cork$ pertaining to corksuburbicarian of, like or pertaining to suburbssuccinic of, pertaining to or derived from ambersuidian of, like or pertaining to pigssuilline of, like or pertaining to hogssuilline like a pig$ of, like or pertaining to pigssulcal of a sulcus$ grooved$ furrowedsulphorous of, like or pertaining to hell#re$ infernal$ blasphemoussumptuary of, like or pertaining to expense or extravagancesuperciliary of, on or near the eyebrowsural of, like or pertaining to the calf of the legsur#cial of, like or pertaining to the surface of the earthsurnominal of, like or pertaining to surnames/0sutorian of, like or pertaining to cobbling or sewingsybotic of, like or pertaining to a swineherdsylvestral of, like or pertaining to treessynodical of, like or pertaining to conunctionsyringadenous of, like or pertaining to sweat glandssyrtic of, like or pertaining to "uicksandtabernacular of, like or pertaining to a tabernacletactual of, like or pertaining to or derived from the sense of touchtalaric of, like or pertaining to or reaching the anklestaurean of, like or pertaining to a bulltaurine of, like or pertaining to bullstaxaceous of, like or pertaining to yew treestechnolithic of, like or pertaining to stone toolstectonic of, like or pertaining to building$ structuraltegmental of, like or pertaining to coverings or outer shellstegular of, like or overlapping like tiles or slatestelestic of, like or pertaining to the mysteriestellural of, like or pertaining to the earthtelodynamic of, like or pertaining to transmission of power to a distancetergal of, like or pertaining to the backterpsichorean of, like or pertaining to dancingterraneous of, like or pertaining to the earthterrene of the earth$ earthly$ worldly$ mundanetesserarian of, like or pertaining to dice gamestestaceous of or having a hard shell$ brick%redtestudinal of, like or pertaining to tortoises or tortoise%shelltextorial of, like or pertaining to weaving/.textrine of, like or pertaining to weavingthelematic of, like or pertaining to will or volition$ voluntarytheriacal of, like or pertaining to antidotesthermic of, like or pertaining to heatthermonous of, like or pertaining to stimulation by heattheroid of, like or pertaining to a beast or wild animalthesaurarial of or pertaining to the o9ce of a treasurerthesial of, like or pertaining to a thesisthionic of, like or pertaining to or containing sulphurthreptic of, like or pertaining to the rearing of youngthronal of, like or pertaining to a thronetigrine of, like or pertaining to tigerstinctorial of, like or pertaining to dyeing$ giving colourtolypeutine of, like or pertaining to armadillostonetic of, like or pertaining to tonal pronunciation or languagestonsorial of, like or pertaining to a barber or a barber:s worktoponomastic of, like or pertaining to place namestorrentine of, like or pertaining to a torrent$ having the character of a torrenttoxophilite lover of archery$ an archer$ of, like or pertaining to archerytribunitial of, like or pertaining to a tribunetributorian of, like or pertaining to tribute or paymenttringoid of, like or pertaining to sandpiperstrochilic of, like or pertaining to rotatory motiontrochilidine of, like or pertaining to hummingbirdstrochiline of, like or pertaining to hummingbirdstroglodytine of, like or pertaining to wrenstruttaceous of, like or pertaining to trout/(turdine of, like or pertaining to thrushesturdine of, like or pertaining to thrushesturrical of, like or pertaining to a tower or turret$ like a turrettussicular of, like or pertaining to coughstypographia matter pertaining to printing or printerstyroid resembling cheese$ cheesyuletic of, like or pertaining to the gumsulmaceous of or like elmsumbilical of, like or pertaining to the navel$ related on the mother's sideuncial of, like or pertaining to an inch or an ounceungual of a claw, hoof, or talon$ clawedunguentary of, like or pertaining to unguents$ one who makes or sells unguentsuranic of the palateuretic of, like or pertaining to urineursine of, like or pertaining to bearsurticaceous of, like or pertaining to nettlesuxorial of, like or pertaining to a wifevaccine of, like or pertaining to cows$ preparation conferring immunity to diseasevadose of, like or pertaining to underground water above the water tablevaletudinarian of, like or pertaining to ill%health$ anxious about healthvapulatory of, like or pertaining to 8oggingvarietal of, like or pertaining to a varietyvascular of, like or pertaining to 8uid%carrying vesselsvectigal of, like or pertaining to the paying of tribute or rentvelamentous of, like or pertaining to or like a membrane or sailvenatic of, like or pertaining to huntingvenous of, like or pertaining to veins/3ventral of, like or pertaining to the underside or the bellyvermicular of, like or pertaining to wormsvernal of, like or pertaining to springversicular of or in versevertiginous of, like or pertaining to vertigo$ di''y$ giddyvesical of, like or pertaining to the bladdervespal of, like or pertaining to waspsvespertinal of, like or pertaining to the eveningvespine of, like or pertaining to hornets or waspsvestiary robing%room$ cloakroom$ of, like or pertaining to clothesvexillary standard%bearer$ pertaining to regimental colours or 8agsviatical of, like or pertaining to roads or travelvibronic of or caused by electronic vibrationvicarial of, like or pertaining to a vicar or delegatevillar of, like or pertaining to a manor or villagevillatic rural$ of, like or pertaining to a villavinal of or due to winevindemial of, like or pertaining to the vintagevineatic of, like or pertaining to vinesvinous like wine$ pertaining to wine$ wine%colouredviperine of, like or pertaining to vipersviperous of, like, or pertaining to vipers$ treacherous$ venomousvisceral of the organs of the bodyvisile of, like or pertaining to sight$ learning easily by sightvisive of, like or pertaining to sight$ visual$ able to see or be seenvitular of, like or pertaining to a calf or to calvingvituline of, like or pertaining to calves or veal//viverrine of, like or pertaining to civets and mongooseviverrine of, like or pertaining to the civetvocabularian of, like or pertaining to vocabularyvocicultural of, like or pertaining to voice trainingvolar of, like or pertaining to the palm or the sole$ of, like or pertaining to 8ightvolitive of, like or pertaining to the willvolucrine of, like or pertaining to birds$ bird%likevoluminal of, like or pertaining to volume or cubic capacityvoraginous of, like or pertaining to a whirlpool$ voraciousvortical of, like or pertaining to a vortex$ whirlingvulpecular of, like or pertaining to a young foxvulpine of, like or pertaining to foxes$ cunningvulturine rapacious$ of, like or pertaining to a vulturevulvar of, like or pertaining to or resembling the vulvaxilinous of, like or pertaining to cottonxylary of, like or pertaining to xylemyogic of or pertaining to yoga'ebrine of, like or pertaining to 'ebras'ibeline of, like or pertaining to the sable'incic of, pertaining to or containing 'inc'irconic of or pertaining to 'irconium'oic of, like or pertaining to animals$ containing evidence of life'onal of or like a 'one$ arranged in 'ones'onarious of or pertaining to a girdle or purse'onary of or like a 'one$ arranged in 'ones'oochorous of seeds or spores spread by animals'oonic of, like or pertaining to or derived from animals/>'ygal formed like the letter B$ of, like or pertaining to a yoke or union'ymic of, like or pertaining to fermentation'ymotic of, like or pertaining to fermentationFORMS OF GOVERNMENT3t has been suggested that every government which has ever existed hasbeen a prime example of kakistocracy, or the rule of the worst, but this list of.@D di1erent types of government suggests that that might be a bit toosimplistic. -ach of the following words indicates a form of government or typeof leadership by a certain kind of person or institution. -veryone seems to wantto get in on this rulership gig, from saints and mothers to beggars andprostitutes +hmm ...,. -tymologically%minded folks should note the di1erencebetween the su9x 'archy', meaning 'rulership', and 'cracy', meaning 'power',which both come from Greek roots. This fact, of course, should suggest to anyreasonable%minded person that the Greek people are inherently more #t to rulethan all other groups. ;ust a theory, mind you ...Word Defnitionacracy government by none$ anarchyadhocracy government in an unstructured fashion$ an unstructured organi'ationalbocracy government by white peopleanarchy government by noneandrocracy government by menanemocracy government by the wind or by whimangelocracy government by angelsantarchy opposition to government$ anarchyargentocracy government by moneyaristarchy government by the bestaristocracy government by the nobilityarithmocracy government by simple maority/@autarchy government by an absolute rulerautocracy government by one individualbarbarocracy government by barbariansbeerocracy government by brewers or brewing interestsbestiocracy rule by beastsbiarchy government by two people$ diarchybinarchy government by two people$ diarchybureaucracy government by civil servantscannonarchy government by superior #repower or by cannonscapelocracy government by shopkeeperschiliarchy government by one thousand peoplechirocracy government by physical forcechromatocracy government by rulers of a particular skin colourchrysoaristocracy government by the wealthy$ plutocracychrysocracy government by the wealthy$ plutocracycorpocracy government by corporate bureaucratscosmarchy rulership over the entire world, esp. by the devilcottonocracy government by those involved in the cotton tradecryptarchy secret rulershipdecadarchy government by ten individuals$ decarchydecarchy government by ten individualsdemarchy government by the people$ popular governmentdemocracy government by the peopledemonarchy government by a demondemonocracy government by demons or evil forcesdespotocracy government by despots or tyrantsdiabolocracy government by the Kevildiarchy government by two people/Adinarchy government by two people$ diarchydodecarchy government by twelve peopledoulocracy government by slavesduarchy government by two people$ diarchydulocracy government by slaves$ doulocracydyarchy government by two people$ diarchyecclesiarchy government by clerics or ecclesiastical authoritiesendarchy centralised governmentergatocracy government by the workers or the working classethnarchy government over an ethnic groupethnocracy government by an ethnic group or raceexarchy government by bishopsfoolocracy government by foolsgerontocracy government by the agedgunarchy government by women$ gynarchygymnasiarchy government over a school or academygynaecocracy government by women$ gynarchygynarchy government by womengynocracy government by women$ gynarchyhagiarchy government by saints or holy personshagiocracy government by holy menhamarchy government by a cooperative body of partshecatarchy government by one hundred people$ hecatontarchyhecatontarchy government by one hundred peoplehendecarchy government by eleven peopleheptarchy government by seven peopleheroarchy government by heroes/Chetaerocracy government by paramoursheterarchy government by a foreign rulerhierarchy government by a ranked body$ government by priestshierocracy government by priests or religious ministershipparchy rule or control of horseshoplarchy government by the militaryhyperanarchy condition of extreme anarchyhyperarchy excessive governmentiatrarchy government by physiciansidiocracy personal rule$ self%ruleinfantocracy government by an infantisocracy e"ual political poweresuitocracy government by ;esuitsuntocracy government by a untakakistocracy government by the worstkleptocracy government by thieveskritarchy government by udgeslandocracy government by the propertied class$ timocracylogocracy government of wordsmatriarchy government by women or mothersmeritocracy government by the meritoriousmerocracy government by a part of the citi'enrymesocracy government by the middle classesmetrocracy government by mothers or women$ matriarchymillionocracy government by millionairesmillocracy government by mill ownersmobocracy government by mobs or crowds/Dmonarchy government by one individualmoneyocracy government by the monied classesmonocracy government by one individualmyriarchy government by ten thousand individualsnarcokleptocracy government by those who pro#t from trade in illegal drugsnavarchy rulership over the seasneocracy government by new or inexperienced rulersnomocracy government based on legal system$ rule of lawochlocracy government by mobsoctarchy government by eight peopleoligarchy government by the fewpaedarchy government by childrenpaedocracy government by children$ paedarchypanarchy universal rule or dominionpantarchy government by all the people$ world governmentpantisocracy government by all e"uallypaparchy government by the popepapyrocracy government by newspapers or literatureparsonarchy government by parsonspartocracy government by a single unopposed political partypatriarchy government by men or fatherspedantocracy government by pedants or strict rule%bound scholarspentarchy government by #ve individualsphallocracy government by menphilosophocracy government by philosophersphylarchy government by a speci#c class or tribephysiocracy government according to natural laws or principles>0pigmentocracy government by those of one skin colourplantocracy government by plantation ownersplousiocracy government by the wealthy$ plutocracyplutarchy government by the wealthy$ plutocracyplutocracy government by the wealthypolarchy government by many people$ polyarchypoliceocracy government by policepollarchy government by the multitude or a mob$ ochlocracypolyarchy government by many peoplepolycracy government by many rulers$ polyarchypopocracy government by populistspornocracy government by harlotsprophetocracy government by a prophetpsephocracy government resulting from election by ballotptochocracy government by beggars or paupers$ wholesale pauperi'ationpunditocracy government by political pundits"uangocracy rule of "uasi%autonomous non%governmental organi'ationsrotocracy government by those who control rotten boroughsseptarchy government by seven rulers$ heptarchyshopocracy government by shopkeepersslavocracy government by slave%ownerssnobocracy government by snobssociocracy government by society as a wholes"uarsonocracy government by landholding clergymens"uatterarchy government by s"uatters$ s"uattocracys"uattocracy government by s"uatterss"uirearchy government by s"uires>.s"uirocracy government by s"uires$ s"uirearchystatocracy government by the state alone, without ecclesiastical in8uencestratarchy rulership over an armystratocracy military rule or despotismstrumpetocracy government by strumpetssynarchy oint sovereigntytechnocracy government by technical expertstetradarchy government by four people$ tetrarchytetrarchy government by four peoplethalassiarchy sovereignty of the seas$ thalassocracythalassocracy sovereignty of the seasthearchy rule by a god or gods$ body of divine rulerstheatrocracy goverment by gathered assemblies of citi'enstheocracy government by priests or by religious lawtimarchy government by the propertied class$ timocracytimocracy government by the propertied classtriarchy government by three peopletritarchy government by three people$ triarchytritheocracy government by three godswhiggarchy government by )higsxenocracy government by a body of foreignersFORMS OF WORSHIPThis list of @0 words refers to forms of worship % not speci#c religions orbelief systems, but rather terms that denote a speci#c obect of worship, be itsaints, snakes or whatever. <elated word lists you might want to check out arethose for philosophical 'isms' and ecclesiastical terms. The words in this listmostly end in 0%latry0, from the Greek latreuein, to worship. )hile my wife>(might obect, it is clear that my own reverence for words makes me agrammatolater. 3 suspect that this list may be rather incomplete, since peopleworship all kinds of cra'y things these days.Word Defnitionaischrolatry worship of #lth, dirt, or smutallotheism belief in or worship of strange godsangelolatry worship of or belief in angelsanthropolatry worship of human beingsarborolatry worship of treesarchaeolatry worship of archaic things or old customsastrolatry worship of starsautolatry self%worshipbardolatry excessive devotion to or worship of =hakespearebibliolatry worship of the Gible or other books&hristolatry worship of &hristcosmolatry worship of the worldcynolatry worship of dogsdemonolatry worship of or devotion to demonsdendrolatry worship of treesecclesiolatry excessive devotion to church tradition and formepeolatry worship of wordsepiscopolatry worship of bishopsgamidolatry worship of marriagegastrolatry gluttony$ excessive love of foodgeolatry earth%worshipgrammatolatry worship of letters and wordsgyniolatry deep respect or devotion for womenhagiolatry worship or reverence for saintsheliolatry sun worship>3hierolatry worship of saints or sacred thingshygeiolatry excessive devotion to healthichthyolatry the worship of #shiconolatry image%worshipideolatry worship of ideasidiolatry self%worship$ egotismidolatry worship of idolsignicolist #re%worshipperlitholatry stone%worshiplordolatry worship of nobilityJariolatry worship of the virgin mothermartyrolatry excessive devotion to martyrsmechanolatry worship of machinesmonolatry worship of one god without excluding belief in othersnecrolatry worship of the deadneolatry worship of noveltyonolatry worship of asses or donkeysophiolatry worship of snakesophism snake%worshippandemonism worship of spirits dwelling in all forms of natureparthenolatry worship of the Lirgin Jarypatriolatry excessive devotion or worship of one's native countryphysiolatry nature%worshipplanetolatry worship of the planetsplutolatry worship of wealthpoetolatry worship of poetspseudolatry false worship>/pyrolatry #re%worshipselenolatry worship of the moonstatolatry worship of the statestaurolatry worship of the cross or cruci#xsymbolatry undue worship of symbolsthaumatolatry worship of miracles or wonderstheriolatry animal%worship'oolatry excessive devotion to animals or petsPHOBIASThis is a list that has been stewing on my hard drive for several years,de#ning .3@ phobias, irrational or pathological fears of various things. Thereason 3've resisted is that someone else has done a far more thorough ob than3 could ever do, over at The 4hobia ?ist, where around >30 phobias are listed.Bowever, so many people over the years have asked for a 4hrontistery phobialist that 3've #nally capitulated. )hile the 4hobia ?ist includes phobias used inmedical papers or other printed sources, but not in a maor referencedictionary, 3 strongly recommend it to those interested in phobias. !ET-5 3 amnot an expert on phobias or mental illness. Jy interest in phobias is strictlylimited to words.Word Defnitionacarophobia fear of itching or of insects causing itchingacrophobia fear of heightsaerophobia fear of 8ying or draughtsagoraphobia fear of open spacesagyiophobia fear of crossing busy streets>>aichmophobia fear of sharp or pointed obectsailurophobia fear of catsalgophobia fear of painamathophobia fear of dustamaxophobia fear of riding in a carambulophobia fear of walkinganglophobia fear of -ngland or the -nglishanthrophobia fear of humansanuptaphobia fear of staying singlea"uaphobia fear of waterarachibutyrophobia fear of peanut butter sticking to roof of moutharachnophobia fear of spidersastraphobia fear of being struck by lightningastrapophobia fear of thunder and lightningautomysophobia fear of being dirtyautophobia fear of solitudeballistophobia fear of missilesbathophobia fear of falling from a high placebatophobia fear of heights or being close to tall buildingsbatrachophobia fear of frogs and toadsbelonephobia fear of pins and needlesbibliophobia fear of booksblennophobia fear of slimebrontophobia fear of thunder and lightningcancerophobia fear of cancercathisophobia fear of sittingcenophobia fear of empty spaceschrematophobia fear of money>@cibophobia fear of or distaste for foodclaustrophobia fear of closed spacesclimacophobia fear of falling down stairsclinophobia fear of staying in bedcremnophobia fear of cli1s and precipicescyberphobia fear of computerscynophobia fear of dogsdromophobia fear of crossing streetsdysmorphophobia fear of physical deformitiesecophobia fear of homeeleutherophobia fear of freedomeosophobia fear of dawnergasiophobia fear of workergophobia fear of workerotophobia fear of sexerythrophobia fear of red lights or of blushingeuphobia fear of good news2rancophobia fear of 2rance or the 2renchgallophobia fear of 2rance or the 2renchgamophobia fear of marriagegeniophobia fear of chinsgenophobia fear of sexgerascophobia fear of growing oldgraphophobia fear of writinggymnophobia fear of nudityheliophobia fear of sunlightherpetophobia fear of snakes>Ahierophobia fear of sacred thingshomichlophobia fear of foghomophobia fear of homosexualshydrophobia fear of waterhypsophobia fear of high placesiatrophobia fear of going to the doctoriconophobia fear or hatred of imageskainotophobia fear of changekakorrhaphiophobia fear of failurekenophobia fear of empty spacesligyrophobia fear of loud noiseslinonophobia fear of stringlygophobia fear of darknesslyssophobia fear of hydrophobiamacrophobia fear of prolonged waitingmetrophobia fear of poetrymonophobia fear of being alonemuriphobia fear of micemyophobia fear of micemysophobia fear of contamination or dirtnebulaphobia fear of fognecrophobia fear of corpsesnegrophobia fear of blacksneophobia fear of noveltynosophobia fear of diseasenovercaphobia fear of one's stepmothernyctophobia fear of the night or darkness>Cochlophobia fear of crowdsoenophobia fear or hatred of wineombrophobia fear of rainonomatophobia fear of hearing a certain wordophidiophobia fear of snakesophthalmophobia fear of being stared atoptophobia fear of opening one:s eyesornithophobia fear of birdspaedophobia fear of children$ fear of dollspanophobia melancholia marked by groundless fearspantophobia fear of everythingparthophobia fear of virginspathophobia fear of diseasepediculophobia fear of licepentheraphobia fear or hatred of one:s mother%in%lawphagophobia fear of eatingphengophobia fear of daylightphonophobia fear of noise or of speaking aloudphotophobia fear of lightpogonophobia fear of beardspsychrophobia fear of the coldpteronophobia fear of being tickled by featherspyrophobia fear of #re<ussophobia fear of <ussia or <ussianssatanophobia fear of the devilsciaphobia fear of shadowsscopophobia fear of being looked at>Dscoptophobia fear of being looked atscotophobia fear of the darksitiophobia fear of foodsitophobia fear of food or eatingspectrophobia fear of looking in a mirrorsymmetrophobia fear of symmetrysyphilophobia fear of syphilistaphephobia fear of being buried alivetechnophobia fear of technologythalassophobia fear of the seathanatophobia fear of deaththeophobia fear of Godtocophobia fear of pregnancy or childbirthtonitrophobia fear of thundertopophobia fear of performing$ fear of certain placestoxicophobia fear of poisoningtoxiphobia fear of poison or being poisonedtriskaidekaphobia fear of the number thirteenuranophobia fear of heavenxenophobia fear of foreigners'elophobia fear of ealousy'oophobia fear of animalsNONSENSE WORDSThis is a rather unusual glossary in that all of the words on the list areessentially synonymous % they are nouns meaning nonsense, gibberish,claptrap, hogwash, rubbish ... you get the idea. 3t probably shouldn't be@0surprising that this category is so productive of weird words. 7fter all, whatbetter way to disparage someone's ideas than to combine some nonsensesyllables to make a descriptor for themM Nou more or less always can identifytheir meaning from context alone % either they're used as interections,preceded by words like 'such' or 'unadulterated' or 'ridiculous'. Gut which tochooseM Nou have the reduplicated ones +#ddle%faddle,, the pseudo%classical+brimborion,, the ones that literally mean something repulsive +spinach,, and ofcourse the wide variety that are euphemisms for bodily functions. -xcludedfrom this list are the wide variety of very fun terms that are simple vulgaritieswithout any speci#c reference to nonsense.Word Defnitionackamarackus pretentious or deceptive nonsensebaboonery foolishness$ stupidity$ nonsensebalderdash nonsense$ a umble of wordsballyhoo bombastic or pretentious nonsensebaloney humbug$ nonsensebambosh deceptive nonsensebilge lower point of inner hull of a ship$ nonsense or rubbishblague humbug$ pretentious nonsenseblague pretentious nonsenseblarney skilful 8attery$ nonsensebletherskate a garrulous talker of nonsensebrimborion worthless nonsense$ trashbugaboo loud or empty nonsensebuncombe speech%making intended for the mass media$ humbugbunk nonsense$ humbugbushwa nonsensecack rubbish$ worthless nonsenseclaptrap showy language designed to gain praise$ nonsenseclatfart idle chatter$ nonsense@.codswallop something utterly senseless$ nonsensee1utiation twaddle$ humbugeyewash humbug$ something done merely for e1ectfadoodle nonsensefalderal nonsense$ meaningless refrain of a songfandangle pretentious tomfoolery#ddlededee nonsense#ddle%faddle tri8ing talk8am humbug$ trickery8annel ostentatious nonsense8apdoodle gross 8attery$ nonsense8im8am nonsense$ trickery8ummadiddle nonsense$ humbug8ummery anything insipid$ empty compliment$ humbugfribble frivolous nonsense$ a tri8ing thing or personfustian pretentious writing or speech$ in8ated or nonsensical languagegalbanum nonsense$ a kind of gum resingalimatias nonsense$ confused mixture of unrelated thingsgammon to feign an action$ perpetrate a hoax on$ nonsense, rubbishgibberish nonsense talkgrimgribber learned gibberish$ legal argonhaver foolish nonsensehibber%gibber gibberishhogwash nonsense$ worthless ideahooey nonsense$ humbughumbug nonsenseabberwock nonsense, gibberishiggery%pokery deceptive or manipulative humbug@(kelter nonsensekidology deceptive trickery$ nonsenselinsey%woolsey coarse inferior wool or wool%8ax weave$ nonsense or confusionmacaroni nonsense$ foolishnessmalarkey humbug$ nonsensemorology nonsensemullock nonsense$ rubbishmumbo%umbo obscure nonsensenarrischkeit foolishness$ nonsensenugament nonsense$ tri8ephonus%bolonus exaggerated trickery or nonsensepiddle nonsensepigwash rubbish$ nonsensepoppycock humbug$ nonsenseposh nonsense"uatsch nonsenserannyga'oo foolish nonsensera''mata'' meaningless talk$ hype$ nonsenserhubarb nonsense$ actors' nonsense background chatterriddle%me%ree nonsense languagerottack rubbish$ nonsenseschmegeggy nonsense$ an idiotshuck nonsenseskittles rubbish$ nonsenseslipslop nonsensical talkspinach nonsenses"uit silly talk$ nonsense$ an insigni#cant person@3stultilo"uence foolish or senseless talktaradiddle senseless talk$ deception$ nonsensetarradiddle lie$ falsehood$ nonsense$ #btootle nonsensical writing or speechtosh rubbish$ drivel$ nonsensetrumpery deception$ trickery$ showy nonsensetwaddle rubbish$ nonsenseRARE THREE-LETTER WORDS7dd two and one and you may ken the odd key 3'll use for now. !ot yetM 'Tisnot too bad, but 3'll aid you. Thy tip5 0wee0. !ow can you spy the keyM Nes6 Nouwin6 Gut you see how its use can vex the ego, and 3'll end. Gut who can say it'snot funM7ll right, enough of that6 This list consists of .>. very obscure, very shortwords, each with only three letters. Jy wife has always told me that si'edoesn't matter, and this list proves that maxim true. )hile you're not likely touse any of them in daily conversation, these tiny creatures might ust proveuseful someday % if only in a game of =crabble+<,. !ote5 for a complete list ofacceptable two and three%letter =crabble words, consult this page.Word Defnitionaba garment of camel or goat hair$ camel or goat%hair fabricabb yarn used for warpaby to make amends$ atone$ pay a penaltyait small island in lake or riverala membranous outgrowth on a plant or animalalb long white robe worn by priestsalk sap or resin from turpentine treesalt high musical toneama a ;apanese pearl%diver@/ana in e"ual "uantitiesard plough used to scratch top surface of soilawn beard or similar bristly growth on stalk of grainbar unit of pressure of one million dynes per s"uare centimeterbee hardwood on either side of bowsprit through which forestays are reeved bel unit of noise intensity e"ual to ten decibelsbis twice$ in two placesbot larva of a bot8y that infests horsescep brown edible mushroomcog single%masted, s"uare%sailed ship with raised sterncol depression or pass in a mountain rangecwm valley or glendag dirty tatted tuft of sheep's wooldah short heavy Gurmese knifedal a dried legume, such as lentils, beans or peasdap to dip gently into water$ to #sh with a surface 8ydaw simpleton$ bird of the crow familydit poem$ words of a songdol unit for measuring intensity of paindop copper cup for holding a diamond while cutting iteft again$ afterwardseft newteke in addition$ also$ likewiseell old unit of length e"ual to /> inchesere beforeerg unit of work measuring force of one dyne applied over one centimetereth old -nglish letter for voiced 'th' sound#d conical wooden pin used to splice strands of rope@>#e expression of disgust or disapprovalfub to put o1$ to fobfug hot$ close$ smoky state of atmospheregad to wander about idly or in pursuit of pleasuregal unit of acceleration of one centimeter per second per secondgar mild oathgat opening or strait between two sandbanksgib wedge%shaped piece of metal that holds another in placegid brain disease su1ered by sheepgig light two%wheeled one%horse carriagehoc card game, now obsoletehod L%shaped trough for carrying bricks or mortar on the shouldershoy large one%decked boatife tropical 7frican #brous planti1 if and only ifist one who holds to an 'ism'ivi Tahitian chestnut treeib small triangular sail extending from the head of the foremastow to ring a bell$ a stroke of a bellud mass of coal ready for #nal removalug sound of the nightingaleus law$ legal rightkeb ewe that gives birth to stillborn lambked wingless 8y that feeds on livestockkef state of dreamy or drug%induced reposekep to catch an approaching obect or falling li"uidket carrion$ matted wool@@kex dry hollow plant stalkkif drug like mariuana smoked in !orth 7fricakip skin of a young animalkip unit of weight e"uivalent to .000 poundskir drink of black currant syrup and white winekit a small pocket violinkop bank of terracing at a football #eldlac dark red transparent resin used to make shellaclar local god of a houselea arable land left fallow or used for pasturelev monetary unit of Gulgarialey mystical straight line between features of landscapelux unit of illumination e"ual to one lumen per s"uare metermel honeymew to shed, moult or changemho unit of electrical conductancemil unit of .O.000 inch used for measuring thickness of wiremim prim, demuremon ;apanese family crestmor humus layer formed by slow decomposition in acidic soilmow to make a grimaceneb bird's beaknef ornamental stand in shape of ship for holding salt or cutlerynim to steal$ to pilferobi broad sash worn with a kimonoord point of a weapon$ a beginningorf viral infection of sheep@Aort scrap of food$ morselpam card game in which ack of club has highest valuepax tablet decorated with sacred #gure and kissed by participants in massped naturally formed mass or aggregate of soilper through$ according to$ by means or agency ofpro in favour of$ forpug ground clay mixed with waterpuy small volcanic conepyx box or vessel in which coins or consecrated -ucharist are kept"at leaves chewed or brewed in tea as a stimulant"ua in the capacity of ras headlandrep plain%woven fabric with crosswise ribsret to expose to moisture$ to soak$ to soften by soakingrev to run an engine before bringing it into useria normal drowned valley$ long wide creekroc enormous legendary 7rabian birdrom a gypsy manrya colourful =candinavian knotted%pile rugsal a saltsaw saying or proverbsay delicate woollen fabricseg stud or metal plate in sole of a shoe to prevent wearsic thussu" Jiddle -astern marketplaceta crown or head%dresstaw to prepare skins by soaking, salting, stretching and paring@Cted to spread grass for dryingteg a sheep in its second year$ the 8eece of such a sheepte -thiopian honey%meadtex unit of measurement of #neness of #bres and yarntod old unit of weight of wool e"ual to (C poundstog unit of measurement for insulation properties of fabricton unit of cooling power e"ual to .(,000 GTI per hourtot bone or other obect retrieved from garbage piletow bundle of untwisted natural #brestup ram$ pile%driver$ striking face of steam hammer or ackhammertye inclined trough for washing oreure use$ customvis force$ powervug small cavity in a rockwen enormously congested citywey old measure for dry goods usually e"ual to /0 bushelswis to know, to believewye a N%branching pipe or railroad track arrangementwyn old -nglish rune having value 'w'yad rod used by readers of the Torah as a pointer for following textyag synthetic diamond made of yttrium aluminum garnetyam posting%house along a roadyaw to move unsteadily side to side$ to rotate about a vertical axisyen craving or yearningyeo stream or drain used in miningyew to rise, as a layer of froth in a boiling li"uidyex to hiccup, belch or spit@Dyok peorative ;ewish term for a non%;ewyon yonder$ that over there$ those over there'ek inmate of prison labour camp'el form of Eriental cymbal'ho cross between a yak and a cow'ug waterproof leather used for bootsFEEDING AND EATING?ike many people, 3 enoy eating % perhaps too much so. This list of ..3words describes di1erent things one could eat, although a human would haveto be pretty desperate to eat lice or limestone. Then again, 3've eaten atJcKonald's hundreds of times, so 3'm not that sure that 3 haven't already doneso. These words generally end in 0phagous0, from the Greek phagein, or0vorous0, from ?atin vorare, both verbs meaning 0to eat0. )hich su9x you wantto use depends on whether you feel like having souvlaki or spaghetti. Word Defnitionallotriophagy craving for strange foodsandrophagy cannibalismanthropophaginian cannibalanthropophagous eating humansaphagia inability to eat or swallowapivorous eating beesarachnivorous feeding on spidersautocoprophagy eating one's own fecesautophagy feeding on body's own tissuesbaccivorous eating berriesbatrachivorous frog%eatingbibliophagist one who devours books, literally or #gurativelyA0calcivorous feeding on or living in limestonecardophagus donkey$ something that eats thistlescarnivorous eating 8eshcarpophagous fruit%eatingcepivorous onion%eatingchthonophagia eating dirtcomburivorous consuming by #recoprophagous eating fecescreatophagous carnivorous$ 8esh%eatingcreophagous 8esh%eating$ carnivorousdetritivore animal that eats decomposing organic matterdysphagia pathological di9culty in swallowingendophagy cannibalism within a tribe$ eating away from withinentomophagous eating insectse"uivorous consuming horse8eshexophagy cannibalism outside one's own groupfoliophagous eating leaves$ eating folios of booksformivorous eating antsfructivorous feeding on fruitfrugivorous eating fruitfucivorous eating seaweedgalactophagist milk drinkergamophagia destruction of one gamete by anothergeophagy practice of feeding on soil$ dirt%eatingglossophagine eating using the tonguegraminivorous feeding on grass or cerealsgranivorous feeding on seedsgumnivorous feeding on tree sapsA.herbivorous eating only plant matterhippophagy feeding on horseshomnivorous eating humanshylophagous eating woodhyperphagia eating too muchichthyophagous #sh%eatinginsectivorous eating insectskreatophagia eating of raw meatlarvivorous feeding on larvaelignivorous feeding on woodlimivorous eating mudlithophagous stone%swallowing$ rock%boring$ eating rocklotophagous feeding on lotuses$ indolent$ la'y$ dreamymallophagous eating wool or 8eecemeconophagist consumer of opium or heroinmeliphagous feeding upon honeymellivorous honey%eatingmerdivorous dung%eatingmicrophagous feeding on small creatures or plantsmonophagous feeding on only one type of foodmucivorous feeding on plant uicesmycophagous eating fungusmyristicivorous feeding upon nutmegsmyrmecophagous feeding on antsnecrophagous feeding on the deadnectarivorous feeding on nectarnucivorous nut%eatingA(omnivorous eating anything$ eating both plant and animal matteromophagy eating of raw 8esh as a ritual observanceonychophagist nail%biterophiophagous eating snakesory'ivorous rice%eatingossivorous feeding on bonesostreophagous oyster%eatingovivorous eating eggsovivorous eating sheeppaedophage eater of childrenpagophagia eating trays of ice to help o1set iron de#ciencypanivorous bread%eatingpantophagy omnivorousnessphthirophagous lice%eatingphyllophagous leaf%eatingphytivorous feeding on plantsphytophagous feeding on vegetable matterpiscivorous #sh%eatingplacentophagy eating of the placentaplantivorous plant%eatingplasmophagous consuming plasmapoephagous eating grass or herbs$ herbivorouspoltophagy prolonged chewing of foodpolyphagous eating many types of foodpsomophagy swallowing food without thorough chewingradicivorous eating rootsranivorous eating frogsA3rhi'ophagous root%eatingrhypophagy eating #lthsanguivorous blood%drinkingsaprophagous feeding on decaying materialsarcophagous feeding on 8esh$ carnivoroussaurophagous eating li'ardsscatophagous dung%eatingseminivorous seed%eatingstercovorous feeding on dung or excrementthalerophagous feeding on fresh vegetable mattertheophagy sacramental consumption of a godtoxicophagous eating poisontoxiphagous poison%eatingunivorous living on only one host or source of foodvegetivorous eating vegetablesvermivorous eating wormsxerophagy eating of dry food$ fast of dry food in the week preceding -asterxylophagous wood%eating'oophagy eating animalsDIVINATION AND FORTUNE-TELLINGThis list de#nes .@3 terms for kinds of divination and fortune telling,ranging from very common +runes, tarot cards, or horoscopes, to extraordinarilyrare. 3n fact, you won't believe the range of methods that people havedeveloped to rip other people o1 by claiming they can predict the future. Thevast maority of these words end in 'mancy', from the Greek word for divination,manteia. This list thus does not include general terms such as 'astrology' and'numerology', which are etymologically sciences rather than fortune%tellingtechni"ues. 2eel free to send me any new 'mancies' you may haveA/encountered. 2inally, allow me to propose a neologism5 novocentomancy, theart of divination by calling '.%D00' numbers for TL psychics.Word Defnitionacultomancy divination using needlesaeromancy divination by means of the weatherailuromancy divination by watching cats: movementsalectormancy divination by sacri#cing a roosteralectryomancy divination by watching a rooster gather corn kernelsaleuromancy divination using 8our or mealalomancy divination using saltalphitomancy divination using loaves of barleyalveromancy divination using soundsambulomancy divination by taking a walkamniomancy divination by examining afterbirthanthomancy divination using 8owersanthracomancy divination using burning coalsanthropomancy divination using human entrailsapantomancy divination using obects at handarithmancy divination using numbersarmomancy divination by examining one:s shouldersaspidomancy divination by sitting and chanting within a circleastragalomancy divination using dice or knucklebonesastromancy divination using starsaustromancy divination using windaxinomancy divination using an axe or hatchetbatra"uomancy divination using frogsbelomancy divination by means of arrowsbibliomancy divination by opening a book at randomA>botanomancy divination using burning branches or plantsbrontomancy divination using thundercapnomancy divination by means of smokecartomancy telling fortunes using playing cardscatoptromancy divination by examining mirror placed underwatercausimancy divination by means of #receneromancy divination using ashescephalonomancy divination by boiling an ass headceraunomancy divination using thunderboltsceraunoscopy divination using lightningceromancy divination by means of wax drippingsceroscopy divination using waxchaomancy divination by examining phenomena of the airchirognomy divination by studying the handschiromancy divination by means of palmistrychronomancy divination by means of timecleidomancy divination using keyscleromancy divination using diceconchomancy divination using shellscoscinomancy divination using a sieve and a pair of shearscrithomancy divination by strewing meal over sacri#cescritomancy divination using viands and cakescromnyomancy divination using onionscrystallomancy divination by means of clear obectscrystalomancy divination using a crystal globecubomancy divination by throwing dicedactyliomancy divination by means of a #ngerdactylomancy divination using ringsA@daphnomancy divination using a laureldemonomancy divination using demonsdririmancy divination by observing dripping bloodemonomancy divination using demonsenoptromancy divination using mirrorseromancy divination using water vesselsextispicy divination using entrails8oromancy belief that 8owers have feelingsgastromancy divination by sounds from the bellygeloscopy fortune%telling by means of laughtergeomancy divination by casting earth onto a surfacegrafology divination by studying writinggraptomancy divination by studying handwritinggyromancy divination by falling from di''inesshalomancy divination using saltharuspication divination by inspecting animal entrailshematomancy divination using bloodhepatoscopy divination by examining animal livershieromancy divination by studying obects o1ered in sacri#cehieroscopy divination using entrailshippomancy divination using horseshydromancy divination using waterhypnomancy divination using sleepichnomancy divination using footprintsichthyomancy divination by inspecting #sh entrailsiconomancy divination using iconsidolomancy divination using idolsAAkephalonomancy divination using a baked ass:s headkeraunoscopia divination using thunderknissomancy divination using burning incenselabiomancy lip readinglampadomancy divination by 8amelecanomancy divination using water in a basin or poollibanomancy divination by watching incense smokelithomancy divination by stones or meteoriteslogarithmancy divination by means of algorithmslogomancy divination using wordsmacromancy divination using large obectsmaculomancy divination using spotsmargaritomancy divination using pearlsmathemancy divination by countingmeconomancy divination using sleepmeteoromancy divination by studying meteorsmetopomancy divination using the forehead or facemetoposcopy fortune%telling or udgement of character by the lines of the foreheadmicromancy divination using small obectsmyomancy divination from the movements of micenarcomancy divination using sleepnecyomancy divination by summoning =atannomancy divination by examining letters of nameodontomancy divination using teethoenomancy divination by studying appearance of wineoinomancy divination using wineololygmancy fortune%telling by the howling of dogsAComoplatoscopy divination by observing cracks in burning scapulaeomphalomancy divination from the knots in the umbilical cordoneiromancy divination by dreamsonomancy divination using a donkey or assonomancy divination using proper namesonychomancy divination by the #ngernailsonymancy divination by the #ngernailsoomancy divination using eggsophidiomancy divination using snakesophiomancy divination by watching snakesornithomancy divination by observing 8ight of birdsoryctomancy divination using excavated obectsossomancy divination using bonesosteomancy divination using bonesouranomancy divination using the heavenspedomancy divination by examining the soles of the feetpegomancy divination by springs or fountainspessomancy divination using pebblesphyllomancy divination using leaves or tea leavesphysiognomancy divination by studying the facepsephomancy divination by drawing lots or markers at randompsychomancy divination by means of spiritspyromancy divination using #reretromancy divination by looking over one:s shoulderrhabdomancy divination using a rod or stickrhapsodomancy divination by opening works of poetry at randomscapulomancy divination by examining burnt shoulder bladeADscatomancy divination by studying excrementscatoscopy divination by studying excrement$ scatomancyschematomancy divination using the human formsciomancy divination using ghostsscyphomancy divination by means of a cupselenomancy divination by studying the moonsideromancy divination using stars$ divination by burning strawssortilege divination by drawing lotsspasmatomancy divination by twitching or convulsions of the bodyspatilomancy divination by means of fecesspheromancy divination using a crystal ballspodomancy divination by means of ashesstercomancy fortune%telling by studying seeds in dungstichomancy divination by picking passages from books at randomstolisomancy divination by observing how one dresses oneselfsycomancy divination using #g leavestephromancy divination by ashestheomancy divination by means of oraclesthrioboly divination using pebblesthumomancy divination by means of one's own soultiromancy divination using cheesetopomancy divination using landformstrochomancy divination by studying wheel trackstyromancy divination using cheeseuranomancy divination by studying the heavensurimancy divination by observing urinexenomancy divination using strangersC0xylomancy divination by examining wood found in one:s path'oomancy divination by observing animalsPHILOSOPHICAL ISMSBere are (3/ di1erent isms, each representing a philosophical, political ormoral doctrine or a belief system. 3n selecting terms for the list, 3 havedeliberately avoided any word which apply ism to a personal name, so thatJarxism doesn't count although it is otherwise an ideal candidate for the list. 3also excluded isms which do not refer to a speci#c belief system, such asimpressionism +an artistic movement, or alcoholism +a disease,. Kespite theseomissions, enough remain to leave an ism in every pot, including beliefs aboutproper government, God, and the nature of existence itself. Ef the terms on thelist that are of a religious nature, most are &hristian, which is not unexpected,but 3'm open to adding isms from other world religions. Word Defnitionabsolutism doctrine of government by a single absolute ruler$ autocracyabsurdism doctrine that we live in an irrational universeacademicism doctrine that nothing can be knownaccidentalism theory that events do not have causesacosmism disbelief in existence of eternal universe distinct from Godadamitism nakedness for religious reasonsadevism denial of gods of mythology and legendadiaphorism doctrine of theological indi1erence or latitudinarianismadoptionism belief that &hrist was the adopted and not natural son of Godaestheticism doctrine that beauty is central to other moral principlesagapism ethics of loveagathism belief in ultimate triumph of good despite evil meansagnosticism doctrine that we can know nothing beyond material phenomenaanarchism doctrine that all governments should be abolishedC.animism attribution of soul to inanimate obectsannihilationism doctrine that the wicked are utterly destroyed after deathanthropomorphism attribution of human "ualities to non%human thingsanthropotheism belief that gods are only dei#ed menantidisestablishmentarianismdoctrine opposed to removing &hurch of -ngland's o9cial religion statusantilapsarianism denial of doctrine of the fall of humanityantinomianism doctrine of the reection of moral lawantipedobaptism denial of validity of infant baptismapocalypticism doctrine of the imminent end of the worldasceticismdoctrine that self%denial of the body permits spiritual enlightenmentaspheterism denial of the right to private propertyatheism belief that there is no Godatomism belief that the universe consists of small indivisible particlesautosoterism belief that one can obtain salvation through oneselfautotheism belief that one is God incarnate or that one is &hristbitheism belief in two godsbonism the doctrine that the world is good but not perfectbullionism belief in the importance of metallic currency in economicscapitalismdoctrine that private ownership and free markets should govern economiescasualism the belief that chance governs all thingscatabaptism belief in the wrongness of infant baptismcatastrophism belief in rapid geological and biological changecollectivism doctrine of communal control of means of productioncollegialism theory that church is independent from the stateconceptualism theory that universal truths exist as mental conceptsconservatism belief in maintaining political and social traditionsC(constructivism belief that knowledge and reality do not have an obective valuecosmism belief that the cosmos is a self%existing wholecosmotheism the belief that identi#es God with the cosmosdeism belief in God but reection of religiondeterminismdoctrine that events are predetermined by preceding events or lawsdiphysitism belief in the dual nature of &hristditheism belief in two e"ual gods, one good and one evilditheletism doctrine that &hrist had two willsdualismdoctrine that the universe is controlled by one good and one evil forceegalitarianism belief that humans ought to be e"ual in rights and privilegesegoism doctrine that the pursuit of self%interest is the highest goodegotheism identi#cation of oneself with Godeidolism belief in ghostsemotivism theory that moral statements are inherently biasedempiricismdoctrine that the experience of the senses is the only source of knowledgeentryism doctrine of oining a group to change its policiesepiphenomenalism doctrine that mental processes are epiphenomena of brain activityeternalism the belief that matter has existed eternallyeudaemonism ethical belief that happiness e"uals moralityeuhemerism explanation of mythology as growing out of historyexistentialismdoctrine of individual human responsibility in an unfathomable universeexperientialism doctrine that knowledge comes from experiencefallibilism the doctrine that empirical knowledge is uncertainfatalism doctrine that events are #xed and humans are powerless#deism doctrine that knowledge depends on faith over reasonC3#nalism belief that an end has or can be reachedfortuitism belief in evolution by chance variationfunctionalism doctrine emphasising utility and functiongeocentrism belief that -arth is the centre of the universegnosticism belief that freedom derives solely from knowledgegradualism belief that things proceed by degreesgymnobiblismbelief that the Gible can be presented to unlearned without commentaryhedonism belief that pleasure is the highest goodhenism doctrine that there is only one kind of existencehenotheism belief in one tribal god, but not as the only godhistoricism belief that all phenomena are historically determinedholismdoctrine that parts of any thing must be understood in relation to the wholeholobaptism belief in baptism with total immersion in waterhumanism belief that human interests and mind are paramounthumanitarianismdoctrine that the highest moral obligation is to improve human welfarehylicism materialismhylomorphism belief that matter is cause of the universehylopathism belief in ability of matter to a1ect the spiritual worldhylotheism belief that the universe is purely materialhylo'oism doctrine that all matter is endowed with lifeidealism belief that our experiences of the world consist of ideasidentismdoctrine that obective and subective, or matter and mind, are identicalignorantism doctrine that ignorance is a favourable thingilluminism belief in an inward spiritual lightillusionism belief that the external world is philosophyC/imagism doctrine of use of precise images with unrestricted subectimmanentism belief in an immanent or permanent godimmaterialism the doctrine that there is no material substanceimmoralism reection of moralityindi1erentism the belief that all religions are e"ually validindividualism belief that individual interests and rights are paramountinstrumentalism doctrine that ideas are instruments of actionintellectualism belief that all knowledge is derived from reasoninteractionism belief that mind and body act on each otherintrospectionism doctrine that knowledge of mind must derive from introspectionintuitionism belief that the perception of truth is by intuitionirreligionism system of belief that is hostile to religionskathenotheism polytheism in which each god is considered single and supremekenotism doctrine that &hrist rid himself of divinity in becoming humanlaicism doctrine of opposition to clergy and priestslatitudinarianism doctrine of broad liberality in religious belief and conductlaxism belief that an unlikely opinion may be safely followedlegalism belief that salvation depends on strict adherence to the lawliberalism doctrine of social change and tolerancelibertarianism doctrine that personal liberty is the highest valuemalism the belief that the world is evilmaterialism belief that matter is the only extant substancemechanism belief that life is explainable by mechanical forcesmeliorism the belief the world tends to become bettermentalism belief that the world can be explained as aspect of the mindmessianism belief in a single messiah or saviourmillenarianism belief that an ideal society will be produced in the near futuremodalism belief in unity of 2ather, =on and Boly =piritC>monadism theory that there exist ultimate units of beingmonergism theory that the Boly =pirit alone can actmonism belief that all things can be placed in one categorymonophysitism belief that &hrist was primarily divine but in human formmonopsychism belief that individuals have a single eternal soulmonotheism belief in only one Godmonotheletism belief that &hrist had only one willmortalism belief that the soul is mortalmutualism belief in mutual dependence of society and the individualnativism belief that the mind possesses inborn thoughtsnaturalism belief that the world can be explained in terms of natural forcesnecessarianism theory that actions are determined by prior history$ fatalismneonomianism theory that the gospel abrogates earlier moral codesneovitalism theory that total material explanation is impossiblenihilism denial of all reality$ extreme scepticismnominalism doctrine that naming of things de#nes realitynomism view that moral conduct consists in observance of lawsnoumenalism belief in existence of noumenanullibilism denial that the soul exists in spacenumenism belief in local deities or spiritsobectivism doctrine that all reality is obectiveomnism belief in all religionsoptimism doctrine that we live in the best of all possible worldsorganicism conception of life or society as an organismpaedobaptism doctrine of infant baptismpanaesthetism theory that consciousness may inhere generally in matterpancosmism theory that the material universe is all that existsC@panegoism solipsismpanentheism belief that world is part but not all of God:s beingpanpsychism theory that all nature has a psychic sidepansexualism theory that all thought derived from sexual instinctpanspermatism belief in origin of life from extraterrestrial germspantheism belief that the universe is God$ belief in many godspan'oism belief that humans and animals share vital life energyparallelism belief that matter and mind don:t interact but relatepeorism severe pessimismperfectibilism doctrine that humans capable of becoming perfectperfectionism doctrine that moral perfection constitutes the highest valuepersonalism doctrine that humans possess spiritual freedompessimism doctrine that the universe is essentially evilphenomenalism belief that phenomena are the only realitiesphysicalism belief that all phenomena reducible to veri#able assertionsphysitheism attribution of physical form and attributes to deitiespluralism belief that reality consists of several kinds or entitiespolytheism belief in multiple deitiespositivism doctrine that that which is not observable is not knowablepragmatism doctrine emphasi'ing practical value of philosophypredestinarianism belief that what ever is to happen is already #xedprescriptivism belief that moral edicts are merely orders with no truth valueprimitivism doctrine that a simple and natural life is morally bestprivatism attitude of avoiding involvement in outside interestsprobabiliorism belief that when in doubt one must choose most likely answerprobabilism belief that knowledge is always probable but never absolutepsilanthropism denial of &hrist's divinityCApsychism belief in universal soulpsychomorphism doctrine that inanimate obects have human mentalitypsychopannychism belief souls sleep from death to resurrectionpsychotheism doctrine that God is a purely spiritual entitypyrrhonism total or radical skepticism"uietism doctrine of enlightenment through mental tran"uilityracism belief that race is the primary determinant of human capacitiesrationalism belief that reason is the fundamental source of knowledgerealism doctrine that obects of cognition are realreductionism belief that complex phenomena are reducible to simple onesregalism doctrine of the monarch's supremacy in church a1airsrepresentationalismdoctrine that ideas rather than external obects are basis of knowledgerepublicanism belief that a republic is the best form of governmentresistentialismhumorous theory that inanimate obects display malice towards humansromanticism belief in sentimental feeling in artistic expressionsacerdotalismbelief that priests are necessary mediators between God and mankindsacramentarianism belief that sacraments have unusual propertiesscientism belief that the methods of science are universally applicableself%determinism doctrine that the actions of a self are determined by itselfsensationalism belief that ideas originate solely in sensationsiderism belief that the stars in8uence human a1airsskepticism doctrine that true knowledge is always uncertainsocialism doctrine of centrali'ed state control of wealth and propertysolarism excessive use of solar myths in explaining mythologysoli#dianism doctrine that faith alone will ensure salvationCCsolipsism theory that self%existence is the only certaintysomatism materialismspatialismdoctrine that matter has only spatial, temporal and causal propertiesspiritualism belief that nothing is real except the soul or spiritstercoranism belief that the consecrated -ucharist is digested and evacuatedstoicism belief in indi1erence to pleasure or painsubectivism doctrine that all knowledge is subectivesubstantialism belief that there is a real existence underlying phenomenasyndicalism doctrine of direct worker control of capitalsynergism belief that human will and divine spirit cooperate in salvationterminism doctrine that there is a time limit for repentancethanatism belief that the soul dies with the bodytheism belief in the existence of God without special revelationtheocentrism belief that God is central fact of existencetheopantism belief that God is the only realitytheopsychism belief that the soul is of a divine naturethnetopsychismbelief that the soul dies with the body, to be reborn on day of udgementtitanism spirit of revolt or de#ance against social conventionstolerationism doctrine of toleration of religious di1erencestotemism belief that a group has a special kinship with an obect or animaltranscendentalism theory that emphasi'es that which transcends perceptiontransmigrationism belief that soul passes into other body at deathtrialismdoctrine that humans have three separate essences +body, soul, spirit,tritheism belief that the members of the Trinity are separate godstriumphalism belief in the superiority of one particular religious creedCDtuism theory that individuals have a second or other selftutiorism doctrine that one should take the safer moral coursetychism theory that accepts role of pure chanceubi"uitarianism belief that &hrist is everywhereundulationism theory that light consists of wavesuniversalism belief in universal salvationutilitarianism belief that utility of actions determines moral valuevitalism the doctrine that there is a vital force behind lifevoluntarism belief that the will dominates the intellect'oism doctrine that life originates from a single vital principle'oomorphism conception of a god or man in animal form'ootheism attribution of divine "ualities to animalsNAMES FOR NAMES)hen my brother and 3 were little, our parents used to oke that if one of ushad been a girl, they could have named us &hris and 7lice, so that we would be0&hris and 7lice &hrisomalis0. 2ortunately for all concerned, they did not do so,because names are very powerful things +here are some more of my thoughtson the subect,. 7nyway, this short and probably incomplete list de#nes about/0 words relating to names. These words contain the root 0nym0, which comesfrom the Greek onoma, a name.Word Defnitionacronym word formed from initial letters of another wordallonym other person's name used by an authorananym name written backward$ often used as synonymanonym person whose name is not given$ pseudonymantonym word whose meaning is the opposite of a given wordaptronym name that suits its ownerautonym a writer's real name$ work published under writer's own nameD0caconym wrongly derived namecohyponym word which is one of multiple hyponyms of another wordcryptonym secret namedionym name containing two parts or termseponym personal name from which another name is derivedeuonym a pleasing or beautiful nameeuonymous appropriately namedeuphonym euphonious synonymexonym name for a town or country in a foreign languageheteronym word having same spelling but di1erent sound and meaninghomonym words having the same sound but di1erent meaningshypernym word representing a class of words or thingshyponym term which is a member of a larger classisonym word having the same derivation or form as anothermeronym word whose relation to another is a part to the wholemetonymy #gurative use of word to name an attribute of its subectmetronymy system of naming after the mother's or female lineonymous bearing the author:s namepaedonymic name taken from one's childparanym euphemism$ word whose meaning altered to conceal evasionparonym word from same root or having same sound as anotherpatronym name derived from father's namepoecilonym synonympolyonym name consisting of several wordspseudonym #ctitious name used by an authorretronym new name as modi#cation of older term used alone synonym word whose meaning is the same as another wordD.tautonym taxonomic name in which genus and species are the sameteknonymy the naming of the parent from the childtoponym place name derived from geographical featuretrionym name consisting of three wordsD(UNUSUAL ANIMALSEver the years, a number of correspondents have written to me, asking forthe names of words for weird animals beginning with certain letters of thealphabet, especially those beginning with x, ", and '. Bere, #nally, is a glossaryof 3(0 unusual words describing di1erent animals, both common and obscure.The list itself will never be complete, and is simply a selection of di1erentspecies and types of animal. 3t is not meant to be a representative sample ofthe world's faunal biodiversity % it is heavily skewed towards mammals, forinstance % and speci#cally excludes multi%word common names +e.g. 'woodwarbler', and purely scienti#c names +e.g. '4an troglodytes',. The wordsthemselves are fascinating, and re8ect an extraordinary diversity of languagesof origin, demonstrating the true globali'ation of -nglish over the past twocenturies of exploration and imperialism. They also tell a real story of tragedy$like some of these species themselves, the languages that gave us many ofthese words have gone extinct, leaving nothing but these names for maesticbeasts, fowl, #sh, and insects.Word Defnitionaardwolf =outh 7frican carnivorous fox%like "uadrupedaasvogel =outh 7frican vultureaberdevine alternate name for the siskinaccentor songbirdacipenser sturgeonaddax spiral%horned antelope dwelling in the =ahara desertadutant enormous 3ndian storkad'ebill prehistoric 8ightless bird of !ew Pealandaepyornis gigantic 8ightless bird of Jadagascaragouti tropical rabbit%si'ed rodentamberack spiny%#nned 7tlantic sport #shamphiuma a"uatic 7merican salamander with two pairs of small feetanhinga long%necked #sh%eating tropical 7merican birdanoa small wild ox of 3ndonesiaanole arboreal 7merican li'ard with ability to change colourantechinus carnivorous mouselike 7ustralian marsupialargali large%horned 7sian wild sheepaurochs extinct wild oxavocet long%legged wading bird with upward%curving billaxolotl salamander dwelling in mountainous lakesaye%aye nocturnal lemur%like animal of Jadagascarbabirusa large wild pig of 3ndonesiabandicoot small long%nosed ratlike marsupialbangtail mustang or wild horseD3banteng wild ox of =outheast 7siabarasingha deer dwelling in swamps of 3ndiabarbet stout%billed tropical birdbeira pygmy antelopebharal bluish%gray Bimalayan goatbinturong civet of southeastern 7sia with long prehensile tailbiscacha burrowing =outh 7merican rodentbittern small heronblauwbok extinct bluish%coloured antelope of southern 7fricablenny small elongated marine #shblesbok =outh 7frican antelope with white patch on foreheadbongo reddish 7frican antelope with white vertical stripesbontbok =outh 7frican antelope with unusual colorationbor'oi wolf%houndbrach female hunting houndbrachet whelp$ brat$ bitch houndbrandling striped earthworm used as #shing baitbrocken two%year%old stagbulbul gregarious songbirdbullock an ox or castrated bullcabrilla 7tlantic sea basscaiman small alligator%like reptilecaple a horsecapybara tailless a"uatic rodent of =outh 7mericacaracal long%legged nocturnal cat of 7frican and 7sian savannahs with long earscaracara long%legged =outh 7merican falconcassowary large 8ightless Jelanesian birdchamois goatlike antelope of mountainous regions of -uropechevrotain small cloven%footed deerlike animal of southeast 7siachiru straight%horned Tibetan antelopechital 3ndian spotted deerchuckwalla herbivorous desert%dwelling li'ardcivet long%tailed catlike carnivorous mammal with musk glandscleg horse%8ycoelacanth lobe%#nned #sh long thought to be extinctcolobus long%tailed 7frican monkeycolocolo wild =outh 7merican catcolugo 8ying lemurconure tropical parrot%like bird of &entral and =outh 7mericacorella cockateelcoypu large a"uatic =outh 7merican rodentculex mos"uitoculver dove or pigeoncurlew long%legged migratory bird with downward%curving billcusk large 7tlantic #sh like the coddabchick small grebedaw simpleton$ bird of the crow familydegu rat%like rodent of =outh 7mericadesman a"uatic insectivorous musk%secreting <ussian ratD/dhole wild 7sian dogdibatag =omali antelope with recurved hornsdik%dik small east 7frican antelopediprotodon gigantic prehistoric marsupial with two incisors in lower awdobbin workhorsedobson8y soft%bodied insect with large mandiblesdouc southern &hinese monkeydouroucouli small =outh 7merican nocturnal monkeydowitcher long%billed !orth 7merican wading birdduarf #ctitious nineteen%toed #sh of -rewhondugong a"uatic herbivorous mammal like the manateeduiker small 7frican antelopedunnart mouse%like marsupial with pointed snoutearwig a small insect$ to bias$ to pester with demands$ to eavesdropechidna 7ustralian toothless spined monotreme resembling a hedgehogeland large heavily built 7frican antelopeemmet anteyas un8edged falcon or other bird of preyfalanouc carnivorous mongoose%like mammal of Jadagascarfalconet small variety of falconfossa carnivorous mongoose%like mammal of Jadagascarfrancolin type of 7sian and 7frican partridgefroghopper leaping and spitting insectgalago woolly long%tailed nocturnal lemur +bush baby,galah blue%gray 7ustralian cockatoogannet large white 7tlantic seabirdgaur wild oxgayal domesticated ox with tufted tail, native to south 7siagelada long%haired -thiopian baboongemsbok large =outh 7frican antelopegenet spotted long%tailed carnivorous mammal like the civetgerenuk long%necked antelope with large eyesgharial large 3ndian crocodile with long snoutgoa Tibetan ga'elle with backward%curving hornsgoanna large 7ustralian li'ardgoral small horned antelope living in mountainous regions of south 7siagowk a cuckoo$ a foolgraphiure 7frican rodent with pencil%thin tailgrayling silver%grey freshwater #shgrebe diving bird resembling the loongrilse salmon #rst returning to the river from the seagrison weasel%like tropical 7merican gray and black carnivoregrivet white and olive tufted 7frican monkeygrysbok small speckled south 7frican antelopeguenon small, slender bearded 7frican monkeyguere'a black and white -thiopian tufted monkeyguillemot narrow%billed 7tlantic aukgundi desert%dwelling small rodent of northern 7frica with bristles on feetgymnure hairy hedgehogD>hammerkop brown 7frican heron with hammer%shaped crest on headharrier medium%si'ed scenting dog for hunting hareshavier castrated deerhellbender large 8at !orth 7merican a"uatic salamanderhoat'in =outh 7merican tropical bird whose young have clawed wingshocco =outh 7merican bird resembling a turkeyhogget one%year%old sheep or colthuemul yellow%brown =outh 7merican deerhutia large &aribbean rat%like rodenthyrax small rodent%like ungulateibex wild mountain goat with recurved hornsibis large stork%like bird$ a pale apricot colourichneumon small mongoose%like carnivorous "uadrupediguana large tropical !ew )orld li'ardiiwi bright red Bawaiian birdipiti a small antelopeisatis 7rctic foxithomiid tropical =outh 7merican butter8yiulus millipedei'ard goatlike antelope found in the 4yreneesabiru large tropical stork with massive billacana long%toed tropical freshwater wading birdade pitiful horse$ a nagennet small =panish horseerboa nocturnal desert%dwelling umping rodentiboya boa constrictorunco !orth 7merican #nchurel coastal #sh of southern Inited =tateskagu long%legged bird of !ew &aledoniakaka olive%brown parrot native to !ew Pealandkea green parrot of !ew Pealandke1el a horse$ a nagkereru pigeon variety of !ew Pealandkiang wild Tibetan horsekine cowskinkaou carnivorous =outh 7merican raccoon%like mammalkleenebok small =outh 7frican antelopeklipspringer small 7frican antelopeknobber a stag in its second yearkob 7frican water antelopekouprey wild ox of &ambodiakudu 7frican antelope with spiralling hornskyloe small long%haired cattlelammergeier giant vulture%like bird of preylangur long%tailed 3ndian monkeylechwe light brown water antelope of =outh 7fricaleopon crossbreed between a leopard and a lionleveret a hare in its #rst year$ a mistresslimpkin &aribbean crane%like birdD@linsang white civet%like ;avanese mammallorikeet brightly coloured southeast 7sian parrotloris large%eyed south 7sian arboreal primatelutung small monkey of Jalaysiamalbrouck arboreal monkey of )est 7fricamangabey long%tailed tropical 7frican monkeymarkhor reddish%grey central 7sian wild goatmeerkat small long%tailed 7frican ground s"uirrel or mongoosemorel dark%coloured horse$ blackish colourmuntac small tusked -ast 7sian deermurre white%breasted !orth 7tlantic seabirdnightar nocturnal insectivorous Eld )orld migratory bird numbat termite%eating anteater%like marsupial with white stripesnutria amphibious =outh 7merican rodentnyala large south 7frican antelopeoctodont deguokapi short%necked gira1eolm blind a"uatic cave%dwelling -uropean salamanderonager 7siatic wild assonocrotal old term for the pelicanoribi small 7frican antelope with vertical hornsoropendola tropical oriole living in long hanging nestsoryx large antelope of 7frica and 7rabia with long hornsou'el blackbird$ a dark%haired personoystercatcher wading shorebird with reddish billpalfrey riding horse, especially one for a ladypangolin scaly insectivorous mammal with elongated snoutpeccary tropical !ew )orld piglike mammalpercheron dappled cart horsepetrel long%winged seabird with hooked billphalarope migratory shorebird with lobed feetphoenicopter 8amingopichi small dark 7rgentinian armadillopichiciego small =outh 7merican armadillopika rabbit%like mountain%dwelling mammal with rounded earsporbeagle shark with a pointed snoutpotto small nocturnal )est 7frican monkeypratincole fork%tailed, long%winged 7ustralian birdprion small 7ntarctic petrelpudu small &hilean deerpuku red &entral 7frican antelope"uarrion 7ustralian parrot like the cockatiel"uaviver #sh otherwise known as the sea%dragon or dragonet"uawk black%crowned night heron"uelea an 7frican weaver%bird"uer"uedule pin%tail duck$ a teal"uet'al gold and green bird with long tail feathers"ueyock heifer"uickhatch wolverineDA"uinnat the king salmon"uokka short%tailed wallaby"uoll native cat%like marsupial of 7ustraliaraad electric cat#shrach dog that hunts by scentratel honey%eating Eld )orld badgerreebok small =outh 7frican antelopereedbuck antelope fre"uenting reedsrooibok impalarooirhebok reddish =outh 7frican anteloperor"ual large whale with dorsal #nrosella bright%coloured 7ustralian parakeetsaiga migratory <ussian antelopesaki =outh 7merican monkeysambar large reddish deer of southern 7siascanderoon homing pigeonseriema large crested Gra'ilian birdserow Bimalayan and =outh 7sian goatlike antelopeserval tawny carnivorous =outh 7frican catlike "uadrupedshearling one%year%old sheepsiamang southeast 7sian gibbon%like black apesiskin small #nch%like songbirdsitatunga medium%si'ed east 7frican antelope with elongated hoovesskink small north 7frican li'ardskua large north 7tlantic gullsolenodon large &aribbean ratlike insectivore with long snoutsounder herd of pigs$ young boarspatangoid kind of sea%urchinspringbok =outh 7frican antelope known for leapingspringhare =outh 7frican umping haresteenbok small =outh 7frican antelopestellion li'ard with starry spotsstirk yearling ox or cow$ pasture for yearlingssumpter pack horse$ beast of burdensunbittern brightly coloured =outh 7merican birdsuni dwarfed southern 7frican antelopetabanid blood%sucking insect$ gad%8ytahr wild 7sian goat with shaggy reddish coattakin heavily built Bimalayan goatlike ruminanttamandua arboreal !ew )orld anteater with hairless tailtamaraw water bu1alotarpan small wild horse of southern <ussiatayra small =outh 7merican weasel%like carnivoreteg a sheep in its second year$ the 8eece of such a sheeptenrec spiny insectivorous mammal of Jadagascarthamin small deer with curved horns, native to southeast 7siathylacine extinct doglike marsupial of Tasmaniatinamou ground%dwelling =outh 7merican birdtiti small =outh 7merican arboreal monkeyDCtopi reddish%brown antelope of sub%=aharan 7fricatrogon tropical bird with brilliant plumagetsessebe central 7frican antelope with lyre%shaped hornstuatara spiny reptile of !ew Pealand with vestigial third eyetucutucu rat%like burrowing =outh 7merican rodentturaco crested 7frican colourful bird with long tail and red wingstu'a Jexican pouched rodentuakari short%tailed, long%haired monkeyuguisu olive%plumed bush warbleruintathere extinct 4leistocene hoofed herbivoreuraster star#shurial wild central 7sian sheep with reddish coat and long curved hornsurochs extinct wild ox or bisonuromastix spiky%tailed ground%dwelling li'ardurraca noisy =outh 7merican birdurubu black tropical !ew )orld vultureva"uita small porpoise living in the Gulf of &aliforniavedalia 7ustralian pest%eating ladybugvicuna soft%8eeced 7ndean ruminantvireo olive%gray insectivorous 7merican birdviscacha =outh 7merican burrowing rodentwapiti elkwether castrated ramwhi1et paltry person$ little dogwhitecoat white%furred seal pupwidgeon freshwater duckwisent extinct -uropean bisonwoolbird sheepxanthareel yellow eel formerly used in medicinal foodsxeme fork%tailed gullxenops a small tropical rainforest birdxenurine species of armadilloxiphias sword#shxiphosuran horseshoe crabyabby small edible freshwater cray#shya9ngale green woodpeckeryakow animal crossbred from male yak and domestic cowyapok an amphibious opossum of =outh 7mericayeanling lamb$ kidyelt a young sowyelting glass%eyed snapperyowie a little ewe'ander a variety of -uropean perch'ebrinny o1spring of male horse and female 'ebra'ebrule hybrid o1spring of male 'ebra and female horse'ebu ox with hump and dewlap'emni blind mole%rat'eren light brown Jongolian ga'elle'ho cross between a yak and a cowDD'okor central 7sian mole%like burrowing rodent'onure small =outh 7frican li'ard'y''yva =outh 7merican weevilILLING AND ILLERS7nyone who has looked at the news lately knows that the human speciesseems to have an inordinate propensity for killing things. =imilarly, anyonelooking at this list of C> terms relating to killing will "uickly reali'e that humansalso have an inordinate propensity for making up words about killing things. 7llof these words end in 'cide', from ?atin caedere, to kill. Bowever, some of themrefer exclusively to the act of killing a speci#c thing +e.g. herbicide, while otherscan refer alternately to the act itself or to the person performing the act +e.g.homicide,. Ef all of these, though, perhaps the greatest crime of all is verbicide,the brutal slaughter of our language by incompetents and ignoramuses. )ill theatrocities never endM 7lso check out my list of #ghting words % those ending in0machy0.Word Defnitionaborticide killing of a fetus$ abortionacaricide killer of mites and ticksalgicide killer of algaeamicicide murder of a friendaphicide killer of aphidsaphidicide killer of aphidsavicide killing of birdsbacillicide killer of bacteriabactericide killer of bacteriabiocide killing living materialbovicide slaughter of cattle$ one who kills cattleceticide killing of whales and other cetaceanscimicide substance used to kill bed%bugsdeicide destruction or killing of a godecocide destruction of the environmentepiscopicide killing of bishopsfamicide one who destroys another's reputation$ slandererfelicide killing of a catfemicide killing of a womanfeticide killing of a fetus#licide killing of one's own child8oricide killing or killer of 8owersfoeticide killing a fetusformicide substance that kills antsfratricide killing of one's brotherfungicide killing of fungus.00genocide killing of a race or ethnic groupgermicide substance that kills germsgiganticide killing of a giantgynaecide killing of womenherbicide killing of plantshereticide killing of hereticshomicide killing of a human beinginfanticide killing of an infantinsecticide killing of insectslarvicide killing of larvaeliberticide destruction of libertylupicide killing of a wolfmariticide killing or killer of one's husbandmatricide killing of one's mothermenticide reduction of mind by psychological pressuremicrobicide killing or killer of microbesmiticide agent which kills mitesmolluscicide killing of mollusksmuscicide substance for killing 8iesneonaticide killing or killer of a newborn infantovicide killing insect eggsovicide sheep%killingparasiticide killing of parasitesparasuicide harmful act appearing to be an attempt at suicideparenticide killing or killer of one's parentsparricide killing of parents or a parent%like close relativepatricide killing of one's fatherperdricide killer of partridgespesticide killing of pestsprolicide killing of o1spring$ killing of the human racepulicide 8ea%killerraticide substance or person who kills ratsregicide killing of a monarchrodenticide killing of rodentssenicide killing of old menserpenticide killing or killer of a snakesiblicide killing or killer of a siblingsilvicide substance that kills treessororicide killing of one's own sisterspeciocide destruction of an entire speciesspermicide killing of spermsporicide killing of sporessuicide killing of oneselftaeniacide killing of tapewormstauricide killing or killer of a bulltrypanocide killing of trypanosomestyrannicide killing or killer of a tyranturbicide destruction of a cityursicide killing or killer of a bear.0.utricide one who stabs an in8ated skin vessel instead of killing someoneuxoricide killing of one's own wifevaticide killing or killer of a prophetverbicide destroying the meaning of a wordvermicide killing of wormsvespacide substance or person who kills waspsviricide killing of viruses$ killing of men or of husbandsvirucide killing of virusesvulpicide killing of a foxweedicide something that kills weedsDANCE ST!LES3'm not a particularly good dancer, being part of that generation for whichdancing involves shuFing one's feet about randomly while gyrating inprovocative ways. 3 do manage to keep my feet o1 my wife's, though +well,most of the time,. This list of .0> dances won't actually turn you into a masterof the ballroom, but it may help you recogni'e and understand the di1erencesbetween certain dances. Kance styles vary immensely both by time period andby region, so please let me know if you know of other styles that 3 haven'tlisted. 4lease note that it's rather di9cult to de#ne a complex dance in one line,and so 3've avoided a lot of detail about speci#c steps, etc. Word Defnitionallemande courtly baro"ue dance in which the arms are interlacedbeguine vigorous &aribbean dancebergamask country dancebolero =panish dance with sudden pauses and sharp turnsbossa%nova Gra'ilian dance similar to sambaboston walt'%like dancebourr*e 2rench baro"ue dance with "uick rhythmbransle an old 2rench follow%the%leader dancebuck%and%wing solo tap dance with many leg 8ings and leapscabriole curved furniture leg ending in a ball$ exuberant dance or capercakewalk prancing stage dance with backward tiltcanary lively <enaissance courtly dancecancan 2rench woman's dance involving high kicks while holding up front of skirtcarioca variation of the sambacha%cha fast rhythmic ballroom dancechaconne =panish baro"ue dance in triple time&harleston fast%paced .D(0s dance characteri'ed by energetic kickingcin"ue%pace lively medieval dance with #ve stepsconga 7fro%&ongan dance performed by a group in a single linecontredanse folk dance in which two lines of couples face each othercotillion elaborate ballroom dance with fre"uent changes of partner.0(courante "uick 3talian baro"ue dance involving running stepsc'ardas Bungarian dance that increases in speeddoppio double meter <enaissance dance stepductia vigorous stamping dancedump obsolete -nglish dance in /O/ timeestampie vigorous rhythmic 4rovenQal stamping dancefandango lively =panish dance performed by a couplefarandole lively 4rovenQal dance in which men and women hold handsfarruca =panish gypsy dance with sudden tempo and mood changes8amenco vigorous rhythmic dance originating with Gypsiesfox%trot slow and complex ballroom dancegalliard sprightly <enaissance and Garo"ue dancegalop lively double%time dancegavotte moderate tempo 2rench peasant dancegigue lively Garo"ue dance in triple timehabanera slow and seductive &uban dancehambo =wedish folk dance in three%four timehora circle dancehornpipe lively Gritish folk dancehula sinuous 4olynesian dance with rhythmic hip movementshustle lively disco dance derived from swing elements with a plus%like patternig springy and sprightly danceitterbug a'' dance featuring vigorous acrobatic featsive fast dance done to a'' or swing musicota fast =panish folk dance in triple timeuba dance with clapping and leg slapping performed by =outhern blackska'achoc =lavic fast dance in which dancer s"uats and kicks out legs alternatelyka'at'ka =lavic folk dance performed by a coupleketak traditional Galinese dance accompanied by male choruskolo &entral -uropean folk dance having a ring of dancerslavolta lively bouncy dance for two personslimbo dance of the )est 3ndies where dancers pass under hori'ontal polelindy hop lively dance closely resembling the itterbug and famous for its aerialsmalaguena =panish dance performed by a couple, similar to the fandangomambo &uban ballroom dance resembling the rumba or cha%chamatachin =panish ritualised sword%dance or battle dancemaxixe Gra'ilian ballroom dance resembling the two%stepma'urka 4olish folk dance in moderate triple measuremerengue &aribbean ballroom dance in which feet are fre"uently draggedminuet slow and stately Garo"ue dance in 3O/ timemoresco a Joorish dance or morris%dancemorris vigorous -nglish dance performed by costumed menone%step ballroom dance marked by "uick walking stepspaso%doble "uick =panish one%step dancepassacaglia slow solemn 3talian or =panish dancepassepied Greton dance resembling a "uick minuetpavane stately -nglish <enaissance court dancepolacca stately 4olish dance$ polonaisepolka lively Gohemian dance for a couple.03polonaise stately 4olish dance of moderate tempo"uadrille s"uare dance for four couples$ card game for four people"uickstep fast march%like dancereel lively dance of the =cottish Bighlandsrigadoon lively Garo"ue period danceround dance in a ringroundel anything circular$ circle$ disc$ ring%dancerumba &uban ballroom dance with pronounced hip movementssalsa fast ?atin 7merican a''%in8uenced dancesaltarello lively 3talian dancesamba Gra'ilian dance of 7frican originsarabande stately =panish Garo"ue court danceschottische old polka%like round danceseguidilla =panish folk danceshag dance where participants hop energeticallyshimmy a'' dance featuring rapid shaking of the bodyshuFe dance featuring sliding or scraping of the feetstomp a'' dance featuring heavy stamping of the feetstrathspey reel%like =cottish dance of moderate tempotango ?atin%7merican +orig. 7rgentinian, ballroom dance with long pausestarantella fast violent 3talian folk dancetordion <enaissance dance similar to but slower than a galliardtricotee lively old dancetwist dance featuring many gyrations of the hipstwo%step ballroom dance with two main stepsvarsovienne polka%like 4olish danceveleta -nglish ballroom round dance for couplesvolta old leaping dancewalt' ballroom dance in 3O/ time'amacueca &hilean dance where partners move around each other'ambra =panish dance'apateado ?atin%7merican dance with rhythmic tapping of the feet'iganka <ussian country dance'oppetto medieval 3talian limping hop dance'ouk &aribbean disco dance and corresponding type of fast rhythmic musicCOLOUR TERMSThis list contains .@C de#nitions of obscure colour terms usingcombinations of 'normal' colours of the rainbow and descriptive adectives$ e.g.cardinal H deep scarlet red$ russet H reddish brown. !ote that most -nglishspeakers outside the I.=. spell colour with the added Gritish 'u' rather than the7merican version color. Kon't worry if the colours +or colors, in your universedon't match up with the de#nitions 3've given for these words, though % 3'vebeen known to have skewed perceptions of reality ....0/Word Defnitionaeneous shining bron'e colouralbicant whitish$ becoming whitealbugineous like the white of an eye or an egg$ white%colouredamaranthine immortal$ undying$ deep purple%red colourargent the heraldic colour silver or whiteatrous et blackaubergine eggplant$ a dark purple colouraurulent gold%coloureda'uline bluea'ure light or sky blue$ the heraldic colour bluebadious chestnut%colouredbeige light creamy white%brownbrunneous dark brownburnet dark brown$ dark woollen clothcaesious bluish or greyish greencardinal deep scarlet red colourcastaneous chestnut%colouredcastory brown colour$ brown dye derived from beaver peltsceladon pale green$ pale green gla'ed potteryceleste sky bluecerulean sky%blue$ dark blue$ sea%greencesious bluish%greychartreuse yellow%green colourchlorochrous green%colouredchrysochlorous greenish%goldcinerious ashen$ ash%greycinnabar red crystalline mercuric sul#de pigment$ deep red or scarlet colourcitreous lemon%coloured$ lemonycitrine dark greenish%yellowclaret dark red%purple colour$ a dark%red winecoccineous bright redcolumbine of or like a dove$ dove%colouredco"uelicot brilliant red$ poppy redcorbeau blackish greencramoisy crimsoncretaceous of or resembling chalk$ of a whitish colourcroceate sa1ron%colouredcyaneous sky blueeau%de%nil pale green coloureburnean of or like ivory$ ivory%colourederythraean reddish colourferruginous of the colour of rust$ impregnated with iron#lemot dead%leaf colour$ dull brown8ammeous 8ame%coloured8avescent yellowish or turning yellowfuliginous sooty$ dusky$ soot%coloured$ of or pertaining to sootfulvous dull yellow$ tawnyfuscous brown$ tawny$ dingy.0>gamboge reddish%yellow colourglaucous sea%green$ greyish%bluegoldenrod dark golden yellowgreige of a grey%beige colourgridelin violet%greygriseous pearl%grey or blue%grey$ gri''ledhaematic blood%colouredheliotrope purplish hue$ purplish%8owered plant$ ancient sundial$ signalling mirrorhoary pale silver%grey colour$ grey with agehyacinthine of a blue or purple colourianthine violet%colouredibis large stork%like bird$ a pale apricot colouricterine yellowish or marked with yellowicteritious aundiced$ yellowincarnadine carnation%coloured$ blood%redindigo deep blue%violet colour$ a blue%violet dyeinfuscate clouded or tinged with brown$ obscured$ cloudy brown colourisabelline greyish yellowacinthe orange colouressamy yellow like a asminekermes brilliant red colour$ a red dye derived from insectskhaki light brown or tanlateritious brick%redleucochroic white or pale%colouredliard grey$ dapple%greylovat grey%green$ blue%greenlurid red%yellow$ yellow%brownluteolous yellowishluteous golden%yellowlutescent yellowishmadder red dye made from bra'il wood$ a reddish or red%orange colourmagenta reddish purplemaroon brownish crimsonmauve light bluish purplema'arine rich blue or reddish%blue colourmelanic black$ very darkmelichrous having a honey%like colourmeline canary%yellowminiaceous colour of reddish leadminium vermilion$ red leadmodena crimsonmorel dark%coloured horse$ blackish colournacarat bright orange%rednankeen bu1%coloured$ durable bu1%coloured cottonnigricant of a blackish colournigrine blackniveous snowy$ whiteochre yellowish or yellow%brown colourochroleucous yellowish white.0@olivaceous olive%colouredor heraldic colour gold or yellowpavonated peacock%blueperiwinkle a bluish or a'ure colour$ a plant with bluish 8owersperse dark blue or bluish%grey$ cloth of such a colourphoeniceous bright scarlet%red colourpiceous like pitch$ in8ammable$ reddish blackplumbeous leaden$ lead%colouredponceau poppy redporphyrous purpleporraceous leek%greenprasinous leek%green colourprimrose pale yellowpuccoon blood%root$ dark red colourpuce brownish%purple$ purplish%pinkpuniceous bright or purplish redpurpure heraldic colour purplepurpureal purplepyrrhous reddish$ ruddyrhodopsin visual purplerubiginous rusty%colouredrubious ruby red$ rustyrufous reddish or brownish%redrusset reddish brownsable black$ dark$ of a black colour in heraldrysa1ron orange%yellowsage grey%green coloursanguineous bloody$ of, like or pertaining to blood$ blood%redsapphire deep pure bluesarcoline 8esh%colouredsepia #ne brownsinopia preparatory drawing for a fresco$ reddish%brown colourslate dull dark blue%greysmalt deep bluesmaragdine emerald greensolferino purplish redsorrel reddish%brown$ light chestnutspadiceous chestnut%colouredstammel coarse woollen fabric, usually dyed red$ bright red colourstramineous strawy$ light$ worthless$ straw%colouredsuede light beigesulphureous bright yellowtan tawny browntaupe brownish%greytawny brownish%yellowteal greenish%blueterracotta reddish%browntestaceous of or having a hard shell$ brick%redtilleul pale yellowish%green.0Atitian red%gold or reddish%browntopa' dark yellowtur"uoise blue%greenultramarine deep blueumber brownish redvermeil bright red or vermilion colour$ gilded silververmilion bright redvinaceous wine%colouredvinous deep red$ burgundyviolaceous violet%colouredviolet bluish purplevirescent becoming green or greenish$ of a greenish colourvirid greenviridian chrome greenvitellary bright yellowwall8ower yellowish%redwatchet pale bluewheaten the golden colour of ripe wheatwhey o1%whitewillowish of the colour of willow leavesxanthic yellow$ yellowish'innober chrome greenCARRIAGES AND CHARIOTS-ach of the >C vehicles listed here is wheeled and non%motori'ed % acarriage, chariot, cart, buggy or similar thing. 3n general, this means that theywill be horse%drawn +or donkey%drawn, or ... well, you get the picture,. 7 numberof these terms are foreign and thus 3 have adopted -nglish orthography whereappropriate.Word Defnitionaraba wheeled Jiddle -astern carriagebarouche four%wheeled hooded carriageberlin four%wheeled covered carriagebritska open four%wheeled carriagebrouette small two%wheeled carriagebrougham one%horse closed carriagecabriolet two%wheeled carriagecalash light low%wheeled carriage with folding topcariole light open carriagecaroche stately carriage used on ceremonial occasionschaise light open carriage for one or two peoplecharabanc open tourist coach with benchesclarence four%wheeled carriage.0Ccoupe four%wheeled closed horse%drawn carriagecurricle two%wheeled open carriagedennet light two%wheeled carriaged*sobligeante carriage for one passengerdiligence horse%drawn stage%coachdogcart light two%wheeled carriage with seats back%to%backdos%a%dos carriage where passengers seated back to backdroskhy low four%wheeled open carriageekka small one%horse carriage#acre hackney coach$ cabfourgon baggage%wagongharry box%like Jiddle -astern horse%drawn cabgig light two%wheeled one%horse carriagehackney four%wheeled two%horse carriagehansom light two%wheeled cabherdic low%hung carriage with back entranceinker light horse%drawn passenger carriagekarro''in Jaltese horse%drawn carriagelandau horse%drawn carriage with folding topnoddy plain two%wheeled horse%drawn cartphaeton open four%wheeled carriage"uadriga two%wheeled carriage drawn by four horsesroadster light carriagerockaway light four%wheeled carriage with #xed top and open sidesrulley 8at four%wheeled wagon for carrying goodsshandry light cart on springsshay open carriage or chaisesociable four%wheeled open carriage with side%seatsspider light high%wheeled carriagestanhope light open one%seated carriagesulky light two%wheeled, one%person horse%drawn carriagesurrey light four%wheeled carriage with two seatstandem two%seated carriage with horses harnessed in seriestarantas four%wheeled carriage mounted on polestelega four%wheeled springless wagontilbury light open two%wheeled carriagetimwhisky light carriage for one or two people, pulled by one or two horsestonga light two%wheeled carriagetrap light one%horse carriage with springstroika carriage drawn by three horsestum%tum dog%cartvettura carriage, cab or carvictoria light open two%seated four%wheeled carriagevis%a%vis light carriage with seats facing one anotherwagonette carriage with one crosswise seat in front, two seats in back.0DST!LES OF SPEECHBere we have >/ words referring to manners or styles of speaking, wordsthat use the su9x '%lo"uent', '%lo"uence', or '%lo"uy', from ?atin loqui +to speak,.)hile in an age of text%messaging, public speaking has lost its once%vauntedstatus as a communication medium, as long as people meet face to face, otherswill udge them on their manner of speech. 7s a university instructor, 3 knowonly too well the perils of many of these words. Ene of my +friendly, rival wordlists online and a favourite site of mine is the Grandilo"uent Kictionary.&uriously, many '%lo"uence'%su9xed words are lost words, and thus cannot beincluded here.Word Defnitionalienilo"uy speech on subects other than the matter at hand$ o1%topic speechallo"uy speaking to another or many others$ an addressaltilo"uence pompous or high speechambilo"uous using dubious or ambiguous expressionsamphorilo"uy cavernous voice of a patient heard over a patient's lung cavityantelo"uy a prefaceantilo"uy speaking against some idea$ contradicting or gainsayingbilo"uist one capable of speaking with two distinct voicesblandilo"uence complimentary speech$ 8atteryblesilo"uent speaking with a stammer or lispbrevilo"uence short%windedness$ tendency towards brevity in speechcavernilo"uy cavernous voice of a patient heard over a patient's lung cavitycentilo"uy work consisting of one hundred aphorisms, attributed to 4tolemycollo"uy speaking together$ mutual discoursedentilo"uent speaking with clenched teethdiversilo"uent speaking in di1erent ways$ speaking on di1erent subectsdoctilo"uent speaking learnedlydulcilo"uent speaking sweetlyelo"uence forceful and appealing speechfalsilo"uence deceitful speechfatilo"uent speaking prophetically$ declaring fate8exilo"uent speaking ambiguously or using words of doubtful meaninggastrilo"uist ventrilo"uistgrandilo"uent bombasticinanilo"uent prone to foolish or empty babblinginelo"uence unappealing speechlargilo"uent talkative$ full of wordslongilo"uence long%winded languagelo"uence speechmagnilo"uent speaking in a grand or pompous stylemellilo"uent speaking harmoniously or sweetlymendacilo"uence lying speechmultilo"uence talkativeness$ use of many words..0oblo"uy censure$ calumny$ slander$ disgraceomnilo"uent speaking on all subectsparcilo"uy laconic speechpaucilo"uent of few words$ speaking littlepectorilo"uy sound of patient:s voice as heard through stethoscopeplanilo"uent speaking plainlyplenilo"uence excessive talking$ fullness of speechpolylo"uent speaking much$ lo"uacioussanctilo"uent speaking on heavenly or holy matterssialo"uent spitting greatly while speakingsolilo"uent speaking in solilo"uies$ prone to giving solilo"uiessolilo"uy talking or conversing with oneself$ dramatic production of this naturesomnilo"uence talking in one:s sleepstultilo"uence foolish or senseless talksuavilo"uence pleasing or agreeable speechtardilo"uent speaking slowlytolutilo"uence smooth or 8owing speechtristilo"uy mournful manner of speechvanilo"uence vain or foolish talkventrilo"uism speaking so that the voice appears to come from elsewhereverilo"uent speaking truthfully$ truthfulSCIENCES AND STUDIESThis list de#nes @33 sciences, arts and studies of various degrees ofrespectability and rarity, ranging from the common and esteemed +chemistry,to the obscure and "uirky +peristerophily,. Ever the past century, the range andscope of scienti#c endeavours has expanded exponentially, so that practicallyany #eld of study has a name associated with it. Jost of these terms end in'ology', from the Greek logos, meaning 'word'. Word Defnitionacarology study of mitesaccidence grammar book$ science of in8ections in grammaraceology therapeuticsacology study of medical remediesacoustics science of soundadenology study of glandsaedoeology science of generative organsaerobiology study of airborne organismsaerodonetics science or study of glidingaerodynamics dynamics of gases$ science of movement in a 8ow of air or gasaerolithology study of aerolites$ meteoritesaerology study of the atmosphereaeronautics study of navigation through air or space...aerophilately collecting of air%mail stampsaerostatics science of air pressure$ art of ballooningagonistics art and theory of pri'e%#ghtingagriology the comparative study of primitive peoplesagrobiology study of plant nutrition$ soil yieldsagrology study of agricultural soilsagronomics study of productivity of landagrostology science or study of grassesalethiology study of truthalgedonics science of pleasure and painalgology study of algaeanaesthesiology study of anaestheticsanaglyptics art of carving in bas%reliefanagraphy art of constructing cataloguesanatomy study of the structure of the bodyandragogy science of teaching adultsanemology study of windsangelology study of angelsangiology study of blood 8ow and lymphatic systemanthropobiology study of human biologyanthropology study of human culturesaphnology science of wealthapiology study of beesarachnology study of spidersarchaeology study of human material remainsarchelogy the study of #rst principlesarchology science of the origins of governmentarctophily study of teddy bearsareology study of Jarsaretaics the science of virtuearistology the science or art of diningarthrology study of ointsastacology the science of cray#shastheniology study of diseases of weakening and agingastrogeology study of extraterrestrial geologyastrology study of in8uence of stars on peopleastrometeorology study of e1ect of stars on climateastronomy study of celestial bodiesastrophysics study of behaviour of interstellar matterastroseismology study of star oscillationsatmology the science of a"ueous vapouraudiology study of hearingautecology study of ecology of one speciesautology scienti#c study of oneselfauxology science of growthavionics the science of electronic devices for aircraftaxiology the science of the ultimate nature of valuesbacteriology study of bacteriabalneology the science of the therapeutic use of baths..(barodynamics science of the support and mechanics of bridgesbarology study of gravitationbatology the study of bramblesbibliology study of booksbibliotics study of documents to determine authenticitybioecology study of interaction of life in the environmentbiology study of lifebiometrics study of biological measurementbionomics study of organisms interacting in their environmentsbotany study of plantsbromatology study of foodbrontology scienti#c study of thunderbryology the study of mosses and liverwortscacogenics study of racial degenerationcaliology study of bird's nestscalori#cs study of heatcambistry science of international exchangecampanology the art of bell ringingcarcinology study of crabs and other crustaceanscardiology study of the heartcaricology study of sedgescarpology study of fruitcartography the science of making maps and globescartophily the hobby of collecting cigarette cardscastrametation the art of designing a campcatacoustics science of echoes or re8ected soundscatalactics science of commercial exchangecatechectics the art of teaching by "uestion and answercetology study of whales and dolphinschalcography the art of engraving on copper or brasschalcotriptics art of taking rubbings from ornamental brasseschaology the study of chaos or chaos theorycharacterology study of development of characterchemistry study of properties of substanceschirocosmetics beautifying the hands$ art of manicurechirography study of handwriting or penmanshipchirology study of the handschiropody medical science of feetchorology science of the geographic description of anythingchrematistics the study of wealth$ political economychronobiology study of biological rhythmschrysology study of precious metalsciselure the art of chasing metalclimatology study of climateclinology study of aging or individual decline after maturitycodicology study of manuscriptscoleopterology study of beetles and weevilscometology study of cometsconchology study of shells..3coprology study of pornographycosmetology study of cosmeticscosmology study of the universecraniology study of the skullcriminology study of crime$ criminalscryobiology study of life under cold conditionscryptology study of codescrypto'oology study of animals for whose existence there is no conclusive proofctetology study of the inheritance of ac"uired characteristicscynology scienti#c study of dogscytology study of living cellsdactyliology study of ringsdactylography the study of #ngerprintsdactylology study of sign languagedeltiology the collection and study of picture postcardsdemology study of human behaviourdemonology study of demonsdendrochronology study of tree ringsdendrology study of treesdeontology the theory or study of moral obligationdermatoglyphics the study of skin patterns and #ngerprintsdermatology study of skindesmology study of ligamentsdiabology study of devilsdiagraphics art of making diagrams or drawingsdialectology study of dialectsdioptrics study of light refractiondiplomatics science of deciphering ancient writings and textsdiplomatology study of diplomatsdocimology the art of assayingdosiology the study of dosesdramaturgy art of producing and staging dramatic worksdysgenics the study of racial degenerationdysteleology study of purposeless organsecclesiology study of church a1airseccrinology study of excretionecology study of environmenteconomics study of material wealthedaphology study of soils-gyptology study of ancient -gyptekistics study of human settlementelectrochemistry study of relations between electricity and chemicalselectrology study of electricityelectrostatics study of static electricityembryology study of embryosemetology study of vomitingemmenology the study of menstruationendemiology study of local diseasesendocrinology study of glands../enigmatology study of enigmasentomology study of insectsento'oology study of parasites that live inside larger organismsen'ymology study of en'ymesephebiatrics branch of medicine dealing with adolescenceepidemiology study of diseases$ epidemicsepileptology study of epilepsyepistemology study of grounds of knowledgeeremology study of desertsergology study of e1ects of work on humansergonomics study of people at workescapology study of freeing oneself from constraintseschatology study of death$ #nal mattersethnogeny study of origins of races or ethnic groupsethnology study of culturesethnomethodology study of everyday communicationethnomusicology study of comparative musical systemsethology study of natural or biological characterethonomics study of economic and ethical principles of a societyetiology the science of causes$ especially of diseaseetymology study of origins of wordseuthenics science concerned with improving living conditionsexobiology study of extraterrestrial life8oristry the art of cultivating and selling 8owers8uviology study of watercoursesfolkloristics study of folklore and fablesfuturology study of futuregarbology study of garbagegastroenterology study of stomach$ intestinesgastronomy study of #ne dininggemmology study of gems and ewelsgenealogy study of descent of familiesgenesiology study of reproduction and hereditygenethlialogy the art of casting horoscopesgeochemistry study of chemistry of the earth's crustgeochronology study of measuring geological timegeogeny science of the formation of the earth's crustgeogony study of formation of the earthgeography study of surface of the earth and its inhabitantsgeology study of earth's crustgeomorphogeny study of the origins of land formsgeoponics study of agriculturegeotechnics study of increasing habitability of the earthgeratology study of decadence and decaygerocomy study of old agegerontology study of the elderly$ aginggigantology study of giantsglaciology study of ice ages and glaciationglossology study of language$ study of the tongue..>glyptography the art of engraving on gemsglyptology study of gem engravingsgnomonics the art of measuring time using sundialsgnosiology study of knowledge$ philosophy of knowledgegnotobiology study of life in germ%free conditionsgraminology study of grassesgrammatology study of systems of writinggraphemics study of systems of representing speech in writinggraphology study of handwritinggromatics science of surveyinggynaecology study of women:s physiologygyrostatics the study of rotating bodieshaemataulics study of movement of blood through blood vesselshagiology study of saintshalieutics study of #shinghamartiology study of sinharmonics study of musical acousticshedonics part of ethics or psychology dealing with pleasurehelcology study of ulcersheliology science of the sunhelioseismology study of sun's interior by observing its surface oscillationshelminthology study of wormshematology study of bloodheortology study of religious feastshepatology study of liverheraldry study of coats of armsheresiology study of heresiesherpetology study of reptiles and amphibianshierology science of sacred mattershippiatrics study of diseases of horseshippology the study of horseshistology study of the tissues of organismshistopathology study of changes in tissue due to diseasehistoriography study of writing historyhistoriology study of historyhomiletics the art of preachinghoplology the study of weaponshorography art of constructing sundials or clockshorology science of time measurementhorticulture study of gardeninghydrobiology study of a"uatic organismshydrodynamics study of movement in li"uidshydrogeology study of ground waterhydrography study of investigating bodies of waterhydrokinetics study of motion of 8uidshydrology study of water resourceshydrometeorology study of atmospheric moisturehydropathy study of treating diseases with waterhyetology science of rainfall..@hygiastics science of health and hygienehygienics study of sanitation$ healthhygiology hygienics$ study of cleanlinesshygrology study of humidityhygrometry science of humidityhymnography study of writing hymnshymnology study of hymnshypnology study of sleep$ study of hypnosishypsography science of measuring heightsiamatology study of remediesiatrology treatise or text on medical topics$ study of medicineiatromathematics archaic practice of medicine in conunction with astrologyichnography art of drawing ground plans$ a ground planichnology science of fossili'ed footprintsichthyology study of #shiconography study of drawing symbolsiconology study of icons$ symbolsideogeny study of origins of ideasideology science of ideas$ system of ideas used to ustify behaviouridiomology study of idiom, argon or dialectidiopsychology psychology of one's own mindimmunogenetics study of genetic characteristics of immunityimmunology study of immunityimmunopathology study of immunity to diseaseinsectology study of insectsirenology the study of peaceiridology study of the iris$ diagnosis of disease based on the iris of the eyekalology study of beautykaryology study of cell nucleikidology study of kiddingkinematics study of motion kinesics study of gestural communicationkinesiology study of human movement and posturekinetics study of forces producing or changing motionkoniology study of atmospheric pollutants and dustktenology science of putting people to deathkymatology study of wave motionlabeorphily collection and study of beer bottle labelslarithmics study of population statisticslaryngology study of larynxlepidopterology study of butter8ies and mothsleprology study of leprosylexicology study of words and their meaningslexigraphy art of de#nition of wordslichenology study of lichenslimacology study of slugslimnobiology study of freshwater ecosystemslimnology study of bodies of fresh waterlinguistics study of language..Alithology study of rocksliturgiology study of liturgical forms and church ritualsloimology study of plagues and epidemicsloxodromy study of sailing along rhumb%linesmagirics art of cookerymagnanerie art of raising silkwormsmagnetics study of magnetismmalacology study of molluscsmalariology study of malariamammalogy study of mammalsmanRge the art of horsemanshipJariology study of the Lirgin Jarymartyrology study of martyrsmastology study of mammalsmathematics study of magnitude, number, and formsma'ology mammalogy$ study of mammalsmechanics study of action of force on bodiesmeconology study of or treatise concerning opiummelittology study of beesmereology study of part%whole relationshipsmesology ecologymetallogeny study of the origin and distribution of metal depositsmetallography study of the structure and constitution of metalsmetallurgy study of alloying and treating metalsmetaphysics study of principles of nature and thoughtmetapolitics study of politics in theory or abstractmetapsychology study of nature of the mindmeteoritics the study of meteorsmeteorology study of weathermetrics study of versi#cationmetrology science of weights and measuresmicroanatomy study of microscopic tissuesmicrobiology study of microscopic organismsmicroclimatology study of local climatesmicrology study or discussion of trivialitiesmicropalaeontology study of microscopic fossilsmicrophytology study of very small plant lifemicroscopy study of minute obectsmineralogy study of mineralsmolinology study of mills and millingmomilogy study of mummiesmorphology study of forms and the development of structuresmuscology the study of mossesmuseology the study of museumsmusicology study of musicmycology study of fungusesmyology study of musclesmyrmecology study of antsmythology study of myths$ fables$ tales..Cnaology study of church or temple architecturenasology study of the nosenautics art of navigationnematology the study of nematodesneonatology study of newborn babiesneossology study of nestling birdsnephology study of cloudsnephrology study of the kidneysneurobiology study of anatomy of the nervous systemneurology study of nervous systemneuropsychology study of relation between brain and behaviourneurypnology study of hypnotismneutrosophy study of the origin and nature of philosophical neutralitiesnidology study of nestsnomology the science of the laws$ especially of the mindnoology science of the intellectnosology study of diseasesnostology study of senilitynotaphily collecting of bank%notes and che"uesnumerology study of numbersnumismatics study of coinsnymphology study of nymphsobstetrics study of midwiferyoceanography study of oceansoceanology study of oceansodology science of the hypothetical mystical force of ododontology study of teethoenology study of winesoikology science of housekeepingolfactology study of the sense of smellombrology study of rainoncology study of tumoursoneirology study of dreamsonomasiology study of nomenclatureonomastics study of proper namesontology science of pure being$ the nature of thingsoology study of eggsophiology study of snakesophthalmology study of eye diseasesoptics study of lightoptology study of sightoptometry science of examining the eyesorchidology study of orchidsornithology study of birdsorology study of mountainsorthoepy study of correct pronunciationorthography study of spellingorthopterology study of cockroachesoryctology mineralogy or paleontology..Dosmics scienti#c study of smellsosmology study of smells and olfactory processesosphresiology study of the sense of smellosteology study of bonesotology study of the earotorhinolaryngology study of ear, nose and throatpaedology study of childrenpaedotrophy art of rearing childrenpaidonosology study of children's diseases$ pediatricspalaeoanthropology study of early humanspalaeobiology study of fossil plants and animalspalaeoclimatology study of ancient climatespalaeolimnology study of ancient #shpalaeolimnology study of ancient lakespalaeontology study of fossilspalaeopedology study of early soilspaleobotany study of ancient plantspaleo%osteology study of ancient bonespalynology study of pollenpapyrology study of paperparapsychology study of unexplained mental phenomenaparasitology study of parasitesparoemiology study of proverbsparthenology study of virginspataphysics the science of imaginary solutionspathology study of diseasepatrology study of early &hristianitypedagogics study of teachingpedology study of soilspelology study of mudpenology study of crime and punishmentperiodontics study of gumsperisterophily pigeon%collectingpestology science of pestspetrology study of rockspharmacognosy study of drugs of animal and plant originpharmacology study of drugspharology study of lighthousespharyngology study of the throatphenology study of organisms as a1ected by climatephenomenology study of phenomenaphilately study of postage stampsphilematology the act or study of kissingphillumeny collecting of matchbox labelsphilology study of ancient texts$ historical linguisticsphilosophy science of knowledge or wisdomphoniatrics study and correction of speech defectsphonology study of speech soundsphotobiology study of e1ects of light on organisms.(0phraseology study of phrasesphrenology study of bumps on the headphycology study of algae and seaweedsphysics study of properties of matter and energyphysiology study of processes of lifephytology study of plants$ botanypiscatology study of #shespisteology science or study of faithplanetology study of planetsplutology political economy$ study of wealthpneumatics study of mechanics of gasespodiatry study and treatment of disorders of the foot$ chiropodypodology study of the feetpolemology study of warpomology study of fruit%growingposology science of "uantity or dosagepotamology study of riverspraxeology study of practical or e9cient activity$ science of e9cient actionprimatology study of primatesproctology study of rectumprosody study of versi#cationprotistology study of protistsproxemics study of man:s need for personal spacepsalligraphy the art of paper%cutting to make picturespsephology study of election results and voting trendspseudology art or science of lyingpseudoptics study of optical illusionspsychobiology study of biology of the mindpsychogenetics study of internal or mental statespsychognosy study of mentality, personality or characterpsychology study of mindpsychopathology study of mental illnesspsychophysics study of link between mental and physical processespteridology study of fernspterylology study of distribution of feathers on birdspyretology study of feverspyrgology study of towerspyroballogy study of artillerypyrography study of woodburning"uinology study of "uinineraciology study of racial di1erencesradiology study of S%rays and their medical applicationsre8exology study of re8exesrhabdology knowledge or learning concerning divining rodsrhabdology art of calculating using numbering rodsrheology science of the deformation or 8ow of matterrheumatology study of rheumatismrhinology study of the noserhochrematics science of inventory management and the movement of products.(.runology study of runessarcology study of 8eshy parts of the bodysatanology study of the devilscatology study of excrement or obscene literatureschematonics art of using gesture to express tonessciagraphy art of shadingscripophily collection of bond and share certi#catessedimentology study of sedimentseismology study of earth"uakesselenodesy study of the shape and features of the moonselenology study of the moonsemantics study of meaningsemantology science of meanings of wordssemasiology study of meaning$ semanticssemiology study of signs and signalssemiotics study of signs and symbolsserology study of serumssexology study of sexual behavioursiderography art of engraving on steelsigillography study of sealssigni#cs science of meaningsilvics study of tree's lifesindonology study of the shroud of Turin=inology study of &hinasitology dieteticssociobiology study of biological basis of human behavioursociology study of societysomatology science of the properties of mattersophiology science of ideassoteriology study of theological salvationspectrology study of ghostsspectroscopy study of spectraspeleology study and exploration of cavesspermology study of seedssphagnology study of peat mosssphragistics study of seals and signetssphygmology study of the pulsesplanchnology study of the entrails or visceraspongology study of spongesstasiology study of political partiesstatics study of bodies and forces in e"uilibriumstemmatology study of relationships between textsstoichiology science of elements of animal tissuesstomatology study of the mouthstoriology study of folk talesstratigraphy study of geological layers or stratastratography art of leading an armystylometry studying literature by means of statistical analysissuicidology study of suicide.((symbology study of symbolssymptomatology study of symptoms of illnesssynecology study of ecological communitiessynectics study of processes of inventionsyntax study of sentence structuresyphilology study of syphilissystematology study of systemstaxidermy art of curing and stu9ng animalstectonics science of structure of obects, buildings and landformstegestology study and collecting of beer matsteleology study of #nal causes$ analysis in terms of purposetelmatology study of swampsteratology study of monsters, freaks, abnormal growths or malformationsteuthology study of cephalopodstextology study of the production of textsthalassography science of the seathanatology study of death and its customsthaumatology study of miraclestheology study of religion$ religious doctrinetheriatrics veterinary medicinetheriogenology study of animals' reproductive systemsthermodynamics study of relation of heat to motionthermokinematics study of motion of heatthermology study of heattherology study of wild mammalsthremmatology science of breeding domestic animals and plantsthrepsology science of nutritiontidology study of tidestimbrology study of postage stampstocology obstetrics$ midwiferytonetics study of pronunciationtopology study of places and their natural featurestoponymics study of place%namestoreutics study of artistic work in metaltoxicology study of poisonstoxophily love of archery$ archery$ study of archerytraumatology study of wounds and their e1ectstribology study of friction and wear between surfacestrichology study of hair and its disorderstrophology study of nutritiontsiganology study of gypsiesturnery art of turning in a lathetyphlology study of blindness and the blindtypography art of printing or using typetypology study of types of thingsufology study of alien spacecrafturanography descriptive astronomy and mappinguranology study of the heavens$ astronomyurbanology study of cities.(3urenology study of rust moldsurology study of urine$ urinary tractvenereology study of venereal diseasevermeology study of wormsvexillology study of 8agsvictimology study of victimsvinology scienti#c study of vines and winemakingvirology study of virusesvitrics glassy materials$ glassware$ study of glasswarevolcanology study of volcanoesvulcanology study of volcanoesxylography art of engraving on woodxylology study of wood'enography study of the planet ;upiter'oiatrics veterinary surgery'ooarchaeology study of animal remains of archaeological sites'oochemistry chemistry of animals'oogeography study of geographic distribution of animals'oogeology study of fossil animal remains'oology study of animals'oonomy animal physiology'oonosology study of animal diseases'oopathology study of animal diseases'oophysics physics of animal bodies'oophysiology study of physiology of animals'oophytology study of plant%like animals'oosemiotics study of animal communication'ootaxy science of classifying animals'ootechnics science of breeding animals'ygology science of oining and fastening'ymology science of fermentation'ymurgy branch of chemistry dealing with brewing and distillingGRAMMATICAL CASES2or those of you who have never studied ?atin, or German, or a host ofother languages known as infected languages, grammatical cases are nounand pronoun in8ections which indicate the relationship of terms in a sentenceto one another. 3n -nglish, cases are now only important to indicate possession+catOcat's, itOits, and in pronouns +sheOher, whoOwhom,. Bowever, somelanguages have up to #fteen cases. Nou ust might want to have this list onhand if you ever take a trip to 2inland, for instance. Er then again, maybe not.7t any rate, while most non%linguists are familiar with only a handful of thesecases at most, there are in fact over #fty distinct cases that 3 have been able totrack down..(/Word Defnitionabessive indicating absence or lackablative indicating direction from or time whenabsolutive indicating subect or obect of intransitive verbaccusative indicating direct obect of a verbadessive indicating place where or proximity toadnominal indicating adective used as a nounagentive indicating agent performing an actionallative indicating movement towardsassociative indicating association with or accompaniment bybenefactive indicating for whom or whichcaritive indicating lack of somethingcausative indicating causation bycomitative indicating accompanimentcompellative indicating address or appellation$ vocativeconformative indicating resemblance$ similativedative indicating indirect obect of a verbdelative indicating motion downwarddistributive indicating separate members of a group, one at a timeelative indicating movement out of or away frome"uative indicating likeness or identityergative indicating subect of a transitive verbessive indicating a temporary state of beingfactive indicating causationgenitive indicating possession, origin or relationillative indicating movement into or towardinessive indicating location withininstructive indicating means wherebyinstrumental indicating means by whichintroessive indicating motion intouxtapositive indicating uxtapositionlative indicating motion up to or as far aslocative indicating location or place wheremultiplicative indicating repetition or augmentationmutative indicating a change of place or statenominative indicating subect of a verboppositive indicating opposition or location opposite topartitive indicating a part of a larger wholeperlative indicating movement through or acrosspossessive indicating possession$ genitive casepredicative indicating the predicateprivative indicating absence, deprivation or negationprolative indicating motion alongside or means of motionrelative indicating relation or a prepositional obectsimilative indicating similarity tosituative indicating comparison of two thingssociative indicating association with the subectstative indicating a state rather than an actionsubessive indicating location under or below.(>sublative indicating movement towards the top ofsuperessive indicating location upon or on top oftemporal indicating time whenterminative indicating motion up to or time untiltranslative indicating process of change or movement throughvocative indicating calling or personal addressUNITS OF MEASUREMENTKo you know the story of the facetious unit of beauty called the'millihelen'M =ince it is that the astonishingly beautiful Belen of Troy had 'a facethat launched a thousand ships', a millihelen is a unit of beauty e"ual to theability to launch one ship. !one of the .>3 units of measurement below is asinteresting as that, but they ust might be more useful, often in scienti#c andtechnical contexts. The proper unit is a tool to allow us to measure and organi'ethe world % by length, volume, energy, or some other aspect of reality. 7nd hey,we all love reality, don't weM 3've avoided the simplest metric and imperialmeasures +gram, foot, metre, inch, etc.,, but almost all the rest should be there.Word Defnitionaam archaic unit of li"uid measure ranging from 3A to /. gallons of wineabampere unit e"uivalent to .0 amperesabvolt unit of electrical potential e"ual to one hundred millionth of a voltacre%breadth old unit of length of (( yardsampere unit for measuring amount of electrical currentangstrom unit of one ten%billionth of a meterarpent unit of land area slightly smaller than an acreastronomical unit unit of distance e"ual to the distance from the earth to the sunbar unit of pressure of one million dynes per s"uare centimeterbarleycorn old unit of length e"ual to one%third inchbarn unit of area measurement of particles e"ual to .00 s"uare femtometresbaud unit of data transmission speed of one signal event per secondbel unit of noise intensity e"ual to ten decibelsbutt unit of volume e"ual to two hogsheads or .(@ gallonscalorie unit of heat or heat%producing valuecandela unit of luminous intensitycarat unit of weight of precious stones e"ual to (00 milligramscentner old unit of weight e"ual to about ..0 poundschain unit of length e"ual to (( yardschaldron old unit of dry volume e"ual to between 3( and A( bushelsclove old weight of seven to ten pounds for wool or cheese.(@cord unit of wood e"ual to .(C cubic feetcoulomb unit of electrical charge of one ampere over period of one secondcubit unit of length e"ual to .C inchescurie unit of radioactive decay and intensitycusec unit of li"uid 8ow e"ual to one cubic foot per seconddalton unit of atomic massdarcy unit of permeability of rock to various substancesdash non%speci#c very small unit of measurement used in cookingdecibel unit for measuring sound intensitydenier unit of yarn #nenessdigit unit of length e"ual to 3O/ of an inchdioptre unit of measurement of power of lens or eyedol unit for measuring intensity of paindram unit of weight e"ual to .O.@ of an ouncedyne unit of force to accelerate . gram to . cm per second per secondelephant large unit of paper measurement e"ual to (C by (3 inchesell old unit of length e"ual to /> inchesem unit of measuring width of typeface where width of letters e"uals heighterg unit of work measuring force of one dyne applied over one centimeterface%cord unit of wood measurement e"ual to a stack four by eight feet in volumefarad unit measuring electrical capacitancefathom unit of length e"ual to six feet used to measure depth of waterfermi unit of length e"ual to one "uadrillionth of a metre#fth unit of measure of li"uor e"ual to one #fth of a gallon#rkin old unit of capacity e"ual to one "uarter of a barrelfootlambert unit of luminance of a surface emitting one lumen per s"uare footfresnel unit of optical fre"uency e"ual to one terahert'furlong unit of distance e"ual to ((0 yardsgal unit of acceleration of one centimeter per second per secondgamma unit of magnetic 8ux density e"ual to one nanoteslagauss unit of magnetic 8ux density e"ual to .O.0000 teslagilbert unit of magnetomotive forcegill unit of li"uid volume e"ual to one%"uarter pintgrain unit of weight e"ual to .OA000 of a poundgray unit of absorbed dose of ioni'ing radiation e"ual to .00 radshand unit for measuring height of horses e"ual to / incheshenry unit of electrical inductancehert' unit of fre"uency e"ual to one cycle per secondhide old unit of land area e"ual to .(0 acreshobbet measure of two and a half bushelshogshead unit of capacity e"ual to @3 gallonshorsepower unit of power e"ual to >>0 foot%pounds of work per secondhundredweight unit of weight of .00 pounds +..( pounds in IT,ansky unit of strength of radio wave emissioni1yunit of time used in computing e"ual to .O.00 second$ any small unit of timeoule unit of work done by force of one newton over distance of one meterkarat unit of #neness of gold e"ual to .O(/ part of pure goldkelvin unit of temperature based on absolute 'ero, e"ual to . degree &elsius.(Akilderkin old unit of capacity e"ual to .O( barrel or .C gallonskilobase unit of measure of length of nucleic acid chain e"ual to .000 base pairskip unit of weight e"uivalent to .000 poundslambert unit of brightness of lightlangley unit of solar radiationleague unit of distance of between (./ and /.@ mileslink unit of length used by surveyors, e"ual to A.D( incheslumen unit of luminous 8uxlux unit of illumination e"ual to one lumen per s"uare metermagneton unit of the "uanti'ed magnetic moment of a particlemaxwell unit of magnetic 8uxmecate old Jexican measure of about one%tenth of an acremegadeath unit of fatality e"ual to one million deathsmho unit of electrical conductancemil unit of .O.000 inch used for measuring thickness of wireminim unit of li"uid volume e"ual to .O/C0 8uid ouncesmnemon unit of memory, largely hypotheticalmole unit of substance e"ual to number of atoms as .( grams of carbon%.(morgan unit of inferred distance between genes on a chromosomemorgen unit of land area slightly more than two acresmutchkin old unit of li"uid measurement e"ual to 3O/ of an imperial pintnail old measure of two and a "uarter inchesneper unit for expressing ratio of two currents or voltagesnewton unit of force that accelerates . kilogram to . meter O second O secondoersted unit of magnetic #eld strengthohm unit of electrical resistance of circuitsosmol unit of osmotic pressurepalm unit of length e"uivalent to width or length of the handparsec unit of interstellar distance e"ual to 3.(@ light%yearspascal unit of pressure e"ual to one newton per s"uare meterpeck unit of dry measure e"ual to C "uartspennyweight unit of troy weight e"ual to (/ grainsphon unit of loudness of sound as heard by listenersphoton unit of brightness of light as received at the retinapica unit of typeface e"ual to about .O@ of an inchpipe unit of li"uid capacity e"ual to two hogsheadspitch unit of typeface e"ual to number of characters per inchpoint unit of typeface e"ual to .OA( of an inchpoise unit of viscosity of li"uidspole unit of area e"ual to a s"uare rodpottle unit of li"uid measurement of two "uarts, or one%half gallonpoundal unit of force that accelerates . pound to . foot O second O secondprobit unit of measurement of statistical probability"uad unit of energy e"ual to one "uadrillion Gritish thermal units"uarter unit of weight e"ual to (C pounds"uintal unit of weight e"ual to .00 kilograms"uire unit of (/ sheets of paperrad unit of absorbed dose of ioni'ing radiationradian unit of plane angular measurement, approximately >A.3 degrees.(Crod unit of length e"ual to .O3(0 of a mileroentgen unit of x%radiation or gamma radiationrood old unit of land area e"ual to .O/ acrerundlet old li"uid measure e"ual to about .> gallonsrutherford unit of radioactive decay e"ual to . million disintegrations per secondsabin unit of acoustic absorption of one s"uare foot of a perfect absorberscruple unit of weight used by apothecaries e"ual to .O(/ of an ounceshakeunit of one hundred millionth of a second used to measure nuclear processessiemens unit of electrical conductance e"uivalent to one ampere per voltslug unit of gravitational mass of approximately 3(..A/ poundssone unit of loudness on a scale based on subective or perceived loudnessspan unit of distance e"ual to handspread or nine inchesstack old unit of measure for #rewood e"ual to .0C cubic feetstone unit of weight e"ual to ./ poundssvedberg unit of time used to measure sedimentation velocitytesla unit of magnetic 8ux density e"ual to one weber per s"uare metertex unit of measurement of #neness of #bres and yarntherblig unit of work for "uantifying industrial operationstherm unit of "uantity of heat e"ual to .00,000 Gritish thermal unitsthirdendeal old li"uid measure of three pints$ one%third of anythingtod old unit of weight of wool e"ual to (C poundstog unit of measurement for insulation properties of fabricton unit of cooling power e"ual to .(,000 GTI per hourtorr unit of pressure e"ual to .OA@0 of standard atmospheric pressuretun unit of li"uid capacity of (>( gallonsvara unit of linear measure of between 33 and /3 inchesverst unit of distance e"ual to approximately (O3 of a milevirgate old unit of land area usually e"ual to 30 acres or .O/ hidevolt unit of electrical potential di1erence and electromotive forcewatt unit of power e"ual to one oule per secondweber unit of magnetic 8ux e"ual to .00 million maxwellswey old measure for dry goods usually e"ual to /0 bushelsyardland unit of land area e"ual to 30 acresyrneh unit of reciprocal inductance'olotnik old <ussian unit of weight e"ual to .O@ of an ounce