Paramagnetism: CompoundsVials of a number of compounds (NaCl, MnSO4, FeSO4, CoCl2, NiSO4, ZnSO4, K4Fe(CN)6, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2, and H2O) are hung from a thread. When a magnet is brought near, some of the vials are attracted.

Magnetic Properties |

Atomic Properties / Structure

Paramagnetism: Oxidation States of ManganeseManganese(III) oxide, with 4 unpaired electrons per Mn atom, is more strongly attracted to a magnet than is manganese(IV) oxide, with only 3 unpaired electrons per Mn atom. Potassium permanganate, a compound of Mn(VII), has no unpaired electrons and is not attracted to a magnet.

Mustard Gas: Its Pre-World War I HistoryRonald J. Duchovic and Joel A. VilenskyA review of the history of the synthesis of mustard gas by 19th century European chemists highlights the increasing sophistication of the chemical sciences during this time.Duchovic, Ronald J.; Vilensky, Joel A. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 944.

Applications of Chemistry |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Toxicology

Millikan: Good to the Last (Oil) DropEarl F. PearsonIn this analogy, drop-shaped pieces of magnet represent oil drops, steel BBs represent the electrons, and the mass of a BB represents the charge of an electron. The smallest possible difference in mass between any two samples of BBs should be the mass of a single BB.Pearson, Earl F. . J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1312A.