Abstract:
The current investigation was focused at documentation, analysis and interpretation of ethnomedicinal phyto wisdom in Hamirpur District of Himachal Pradesh. The impoverished tribal and rural people of Hamirpur District (Himachal Pradesh, India) do not receive satisfactory primary healthcare. They have crudely been stillexploiting traditionally the medicinal plants existing in their surrounding environment for diverse purposes including ethnomedicine use. The objective of the study was to document ethnobotanical knowledge primarily of notable herbs employed by the different backward people, whether tribal or rural, in the area under study.Ethnomedicinal data was accessed through structural interviews, and discussions with the tribal/rural informants, healers, medicine-men/women, etc. (with age between 45-65). Minimum five to eight informants were taken into consideration for each claim. This investigation brought on record that people of the study area(Hamirpur) generally utilize about 50 plants species belonging several distinct families. Different plant parts such as leaves, flowers, fruit, stem-bark and root are most commonly employed. A fair wide range of diseases are treated by people of Hamirpur district using local medicinal plants. These ethnomedicinal claims may aid in finding novel phytoconstituents for welfare of mankind. The data would be useful for further scientific exploration.

Abstract:
The current investigation was focused on the documentation, analysis and interpretation of ethnomedicinal phytowisdom in Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh. The impoverished tribal and rural people of Hamirpur district (Himachal Pradesh, India) do not receive satisfactory primary healthcare. They have traditionally been exploiting the medicinal plants existing in their surrounding environment for diverse purposes including medicinal use. The objective of this study was to document ethnobotanical knowledge, primarily of notable herbs employed by the different backward people whether tribal or rural, in the area under study. Ethnomedicinal data was accessed through structural interviews, and discussions with the tribal/rural informants, healers, medicine-men/women, etc. aged 45-65. A minimum of five to eight informants was taken into consideration for each claim. This investigation brought on record that people of the study area (Hamirpur) generally utilize about 50 plant species belonging to several distinct families. Different plant parts such as leaves, flowers, fruit, stem-bark and root are most commonly employed. A fairly wide range of diseases is treated by people of Hamirpur district using local medicinal plants. These ethnomedicinal claims would aid in finding novel phytoconstituents for the welfare of mankind, and therefore begs further scientific exploration.

Abstract:
Recent reviews suggest common infectious diseases continue to be a major cause of death among preschool children in developing countries. Identification of feasible strategies to combat this disease burden is an important public health need. We evaluated the efficacy of adding prebiotic oligosaccharide and probiotic Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 to milk, in preventing diarrhea, respiratory infections and severe illnesses, in children aged 1–4 years as part of a four group study design, running two studies simultaneously.

Abstract:
Soon likewise, my old native town will loom upon me through the haze of memory, a mist brooding over and around it; as if it were no portion of the real earth, but an overgrown village in cloud-land...Henceforth, it ceases to be a reality of my life. I am a citizen of somewhere else.- Nathaniel HawthorneAmerica was conceived in a spirit of openness, as a land where people could build new identities, grounded in the present and future, not the past. This dream, despite current fears of being under doubt of having foreign sounding names and subjecting visitors to the indignity of being fingerprinted has been in great part made real. It is a place where the rest of the world comes to reinvent itself accepting with excitement and anxiety the need of leaving behind strains, limitations (constrictions) and comforts of distant customs. This happens to be the underlying theme of Jhumpa Lahiri's new collection of stories, Unaccustomed Earth. The author portrays in these stories two generations of Bengali immigrants to America. The newcomers and their hyphenated children struggle to build normal and secure lives. Is it true that transplanting strengthens plant? Or can search experiments produce mixed outcomes? This paper intends to explore the answers to these and many more related questions in the title story of this book.

Abstract:
The purpose of this small-scale study was to explore how people perceived Personal Knowledge Management (PKM), whether people were aware of the PKM concept, and how PKM can have an impact on organisational knowledge management and productivity. A questionnaire survey with quantitative and qualitative questions was used. The study revealed that a majority (63%) of respondents were not aware of the PKM concept; 33% were aware, while 2% had a vague idea about it. Eighty three (83%) felt that it was important to manage personal knowledge and that PKM could increase individual productivity and organisational performance. The major recommendations included creating awareness about PKM. It should be at the heart of each employee-development programme, alignment of personal and organisational goals and adequate facilities and training in PKM.

Abstract:
Dividend policy is the set of guidelines a company uses to decide how much of its earnings it will pay out to shareholders. When a company earns profits from operations, management can do one of two things with those profits. It can choose to retain them - essentially reinvesting them into the company with the hope of creating more profits and thus further stock appreciation. The alternative is to distribute a portion of the profits to shareholders in the form of dividends. The present paper highlight different approaches of dividend policy which are residual, hybrid and stability dividend approach. Companies using the residual dividend policy choose to rely on internally generated equity to finance any new projects. As a result, dividend payments can come out of the residual or leftover equity only after all project capital requirements are met. The fluctuation of dividends created by the residual policy significantly contrasts with the certainty of the dividend stability policy. With the stability policy, quarterly dividends are set at a fraction of yearly earnings. This policy reduces uncertainty for investors and provides them with income. Using the hybrid approach; companies tend to view the debt/equity ratio as a long-term rather than a short-term goal. In this paper cash dividend and procedure for payment of dividend explained. A cash dividend is money paid to stockholders, normally out of the corporation's current earnings or accumulated profits. Not all companies pay a dividend. Usually, the board of directors determines. Steps followed in the payment of dividend is- Ex-dividend date, declaration date, holder of record date, payment date.

Abstract:
Background We assessed the health effects of hexavalent chromium groundwater contamination (from tanneries and chrome sulfate manufacturing) in Kanpur, India. Methods The health status of residents living in areas with high Cr (VI) groundwater contamination (N = 186) were compared to residents with similar social and demographic features living in communities having no elevated Cr (VI) levels (N = 230). Subjects were recruited at health camps in both the areas. Health status was evaluated with health questionnaires, spirometry and blood hematology measures. Cr (VI) was measured in groundwater samples by diphenylcarbazide reagent method. Results Residents from communities with known Cr (VI) contamination had more self-reports of digestive and dermatological disorders and hematological abnormalities. GI distress was reported in 39.2% vs. 17.2% males (AOR = 3.1) and 39.3% vs. 21% females (AOR = 2.44); skin abnormalities in 24.5% vs. 9.2% males (AOR = 3.48) and 25% vs. 4.9% females (AOR = 6.57). Residents from affected communities had greater RBCs (among 30.7% males and 46.1% females), lower MCVs (among 62.8% males) and less platelets (among 68% males and 72% females) than matched controls. There were no differences in leucocytes count and spirometry parameters. Conclusions Living in communities with Cr (VI) groundwater is associated with gastrointestinal and dermatological complaints and abnormal hematological function. Limitations of this study include small sample size and the lack of long term follow-up.

Abstract:
As this is the era of Information Technology, no filed remains untouched by computer science. The technology has become an integral part of the business process. By implementing different data mining techniques and algorithms on the feedback collected from the customer, we can analyzed the data. With help of this analyzed information we have clear idea about the customer’s mind set and can take meaning full decision for production and marketing of particular product. To study about customer mindset differentmodels like classification and association models are used in data mining.

Abstract:
As the information technology and internet grows, industries are able to store more and more amount of data. With the use of data mining, it is easy to analyze or process the data or to generate knowledge based on the data. Pharmaceutical industry is a huge industry which manufactures drugs in various formats such as tablets, capsules, and ointment or injection materials. Production of drugs or medicines includes a huge deal with various kinds of data. This paper outlines the application of data mining in production of medicines.

Abstract:
Decision support through Information Technology is an integral part of our lives. It is being increasingly used for decision-making in the medical science also. This article introduces the information explosion in medical field elaborating the need of a knowledge-oriented decision support system for diagnosis of abdomen pain. Main objective of the system is to assist doctors, assistants and social workers in their decision making process and create awareness in the area especially where trained manpower is in scarce. To impart the fuzziness of the domain, modified Prolog rule format is used, which is illustrated in a case of appendicitis. This article presents general framework of system, sample rules, resulting charts and sample screens of the prototype implementation.