Edward I, 1272-1307

The king: Edward was born in the Palace of Westminster in 1239 and became king in 1272. He was known as ï¿½Longshanks' due to his height, and has the reputation as a strong king. He trained English troops with the longbow, which was used so effectively against the French in the 14th century. He conquered Wales and Scotland and established independence from the papacy. He developed Parliament and was also known as the ï¿½Lawgiver.' Edward married first Eleanor of Castile (16 children) and then Margaret, daughter of Philip III of France (three children). He died in 1307.