transmission of disease agents by medium like water and food; other media are body fluids, drugs, etc.

Waterborne transmission

1.pathogens are spread by water contaminated with untreated or poorly treated sewage

Foodborne transmission

1.pathogens are generally transmitted in foods that are incompletely cooked, poorly refrigerated, or prepared in unsanitary conditions

Airborne transmission

1.refers to spread of infection by droplet nuclei in dust that travel more than 1 meter from the reservoir to the host

Vectors

animals that carry pathogens from one host to another, such as arthropods; can be done mechanically or biologically,

Mechanical transmission

1.passive transport of the pathogens on insect’s feet or other body parts

Biologicaltransmission

1.active process; arthropod bites infected person or animal and ingests some of the infected blood; the pathogens then reproduce in a vector and the increase in number of pathogens increases possibility that they will travel to otherhost; some reproduce in gut of arthropod and are passed with feces; toers reproduce in gut and migrate to salivary gland, where they are injected into a bite

a.Nosocomial infections don’t what?

i. __ has been introduced to include infections acquired in settings other than hospitals

ii.8th leading cause of death in US

iii.Result from interaction of several factors, such as __(3)__

show any evidence of being present or incubating at the time of admission to a hospital