1) wrote his Toxophilus in eloquent Latin, a dialogue in praise of archery with the traditional longbow and in deference to ancient Roman stoicism

2) was a harsh opponent of the famous Renaissance technique of 'double translation' as a method for learning Latin as it would virtually 'de-sanctify the tongue'

3) eager to influence the pious inclinations of his countrymen never wrote in any language but Latin though was considered a master stylist of 'English' in his personal correspondence

4) believed in the study of Latin and Greek classics for erudition and aesthetic pleasure as well as guidance in moral values and in political activity

3- The Protestant Book of Common Prayer, developed in the first half of the sixteenth century, and described as having a lasting and 'profound influence on the English language' had as 'its principal architect' the Archbishop of Canterbury,....................

1) Thomas Cranmer

2) John Wycliff

3) Myles Coverdale

4) William Tyndale

4- Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey (1517-1547) was....................

1) developed (with Wyatt) the influential Tottle’s miscellany

2) among the first detractors of Petrarch in English

3) the first English poet to publish in blank verse

4) translated a part of Homer's The Odyssey into modern English

5- The Renaissance figure...................wrote his self-styled masterpiece Poly-Olbion, a thirty-thousand-line historical-geographical poem celebrating all the counties of England and Wales, and had a significant contribution as well to the.................with his Idea's Mirror.

1) Walter Raleigh / age's penchant for antiquarian scholarship

2) Samuel Daniel / development of the verse epistle

3) Michael Drayton / period's vogue for sonnets

4) Philip Sidney / formation of long epic romance in prose

6- The late sixteenth century 'University Wit' Thomas Nashe (1567-1601)...............

1) disparaged the 'vulgar and unartificial [inartistic] custom of rhyming' in his Observations in the Art of English Poesy

2) wrote the picaresque narrative The Unfortunate Traveler of the Life of Jack Wilton on the adventures of the young hero all over Europe

3) produced an important version of Ovid's Metamorphoses, the first complete English version of the poem, in rhyming couplets of 'fourteeners'

4) composed one of the best Elizabethan sonnet sequences, Delia, and a verse dialogue on the purpose of writing poetry, Musophilus

7- Francis Bacon's Novum Orgaum (1620) would best..................

1) be regarded as a pioneer work in the genre of scientific utopia

2) see human history as a process of inevitable degeneration and decay

3) urge induction as the right method of investigating nature

4) attempt a survey of the entire field of learning and its obstacles

8- Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Samuel Butler's (1612-1680) Hudibras?

1) It makes the history of England from 1942 to 1660 appear mere sound and fury.

2) It takes a serious subject and debases it by using a low style or distorts it by grotesque exaggeration.

3) It expresses his intense contempt for the Puritans and their commonwealth.

4) It mocks the Restoration government of Charles II and its moral laxity.

9- Samuel Johnson's Lives of the Poets (1779 and 1781)...................

1) omits such standard poets as Chaucer, Spenser, Sidney and Marvell

2) included poets rigorously selected by the poet to form a canon of literature

3) does not in anything but name deal with the biography of the poets discussed

4) most outstandingly fails to include the late Renaissance poet John Milton

10- Edmund Burke's A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and the Beautiful (1757) mainly claims that..................

1) sublime objects are never capable of imparting pain

2) no instinctive feeling is 'valid' without the intervention of reason

3) instinctive feeling about certain objects does not depend on reason

4) the pleasure derived from beautiful objects is ever mingled with pain

11- The Romantic playwright Joanna Baillie (1762-1851) would best................in the preface to her 1798 Series of Plays.

1) claim that no gap existed between her theory as a dramatist and her practice and deny the impossibility of wedding them on stage

2) inspire Keats's notion of self-effacing empathic 'poetical character' by her focus on both the writer's and the reader's 'sympathetic curiosity'

3) disagree with her contemporary William Wordsworth on naturalness of language and subject matter as fit for a 'work of true art'

4) defend her own practice of writing songs, in standard English, for inclusion in her plays which would otherwise take an archaic character for their frequent use of medieval settings

12- The Scottish poet Robert Burns (1759-1796) tried his hand and produced masterpieces in all the following EXCEPT.................

1) satires

2) verse epistles

3) translations

4) mock-heroic narratives

13- The legendary 'Byronic hero', a creation of the Romantic age, first appeared in the poet's....................

1) English Bards and Scotch Reviewers

2) Don Juan

3) Childe Harold's Pilgrimage

4) Manfred

14- Thomas Carlyle's Past and Present (1843)....................

1) implies that the world of the machine can never be redeemed by human enterprise and confidence

2) believes that modern industrialization has been completely unable to alter the nature of society

3) utterly rejects the Victorian medievalist idea of an organic, stratified, and securer social past

4) suggests that there is room for a visionary optimism of the type indulged in by such 'prophetic' writers as Blake

15- Matthew Arnold (1822-1888) playfully divides English society into three constituent classes: a 'Barbarian' aristocracy, a 'Philistine' bourgeoisie and an unlettered 'Populace' in his.................

34- In his poem..................John Keats (1795-1821) combines a superstition with the Romeo and Juliet theme of young love thwarted by feuding families and tells the story in a sequence of evolving....................stanzas.

1) Lamia / Spenserian

2) The Eve of St. Agnes / Spenserian

3) The Eve of St. Agnes / rime royal

4) Lamia / rime royal

35- The lines 'I have lived long enough, having seen one thing, that love hath an end; / Goddess and maiden and queen, be near me now and befriend. / Thou art more than the day or the morrow, the seasons that laugh and weep; For these give joy and sorrow...' are taken from....................by......................

1) Alfred, Lord Tennyson's Mariana

2) Robert Browning's Porphyria 's Lover

3) Dante Gabriel Rossetti's The Blessed Damozel

4) Algernon Swinburne's Hymn to Prosperine

36- Which one the following is the correct order of W. B. Yeats's poems in terms of their appearance?

1) The Lake Isle of Innisfree - Adam's Curse - Easter 1916 - Among School Children

2) Adam's Curse - The Lake Isle of Innisfree - Among School Children - Easter 1916

3) The Lake Isle of Innisfree - Easter 1916 - Adam's Curse - Among School Children

4) Adam's Curse - Among School Children - The Lake Isle of Innisfree - Easter 1916

37- As compared to his The Waste Land, T. S. Eliot's collection of four long poems Four Quartets (1943) enjoys..................

1) deal with the beauty of Northern Ireland bogs and the sense of moral duty they instill in the 'half- war-torn' citizen there

2) are about the well-preserved Iron Age corpses discovered in the peats of Northern Europe and Ireland

3) take 'bogs' as a fixture, emblematic of European soul-searching, which can ultimately purify all its 'souls and spirits'

4) regards Ireland's bogs as a channel through which the Irishman's sense of belonging to his homeland works its wonders

40- Which of the following sets of poets could best be regarded as models for the 'movement' poet Philip Larkin (1922-1985)?

1) Hardy, Housman, Auden

2) Hardy, Yeats, Thomas

3) Auden, Eliot, Yeats

4) Eliot, Pound, Auden

41- Mikhail Bakhtin's 'heteroglossia' would...................

1) constitute all the forms of social speech that people use in their daily activities

2) include speech which is oriented toward a particular listener or audience

3) refer to truth as interaction between the speaker-audience consciousnesses

4) refer to 'socialized sphere' existing between the writer and his / her audience

42- In his 'The Art of Fiction', Henry James stipulates that 'the only obligation to which in advance we may hold a novel, without incurring the accusation of being arbitrary, is that it be.................The ways in which it is at liberty to accomplish this result are .................'

1) of a fixed length / unlimited

2) interesting / innumerable

3) morally 'true' / of little relevance

4) life-like / immaterial

43- Louise M. Rosenblatt holds that as far as 'efferent' and 'aesthetic' types of reading in reading process are concerned................

1) only 'aesthetic' reading may be switched over to the other

2) depending on the features of the text only one type can be engaged in

3) the efferent will always play the dominant role

4) it is quite possible to shift back and forth to each

44- In his 'horizons of expectation' Hans Robert Jauss maintains that the...................

1) evaluation of a text from one historical period to another necessarily changes

2) ideal reader's evaluation of a text in any period is geared to the 'perennial features' of the text

3) text communicates its message to the reader in proportion to their intellectual receptivity

4) informed readers of any age arrive at the same 'core significances' in their evaluation of a text

45- In 'subjective criticism', as founded by David Bleich, the...................

1) role of the text in the interpretative process is devalued and its objective existence is denied

2) 'collective meaning' of a text depends on the subjectivity of a text and its paraphernalia

3) text itself provides only the starting point for the reader's responses in its interpretation

4) reader's past literary experiences are irrelevant to his appreciation of a (literary) text

46- The French critic Roland Barthes argues that the message encoded within the text can be explained....................

1) only through recognizing the codes or binary operations within the text

2) by extending meaning through difference to all the social contexts involved

3) if the text is freed from its author and is attached to its approximate genre

4) by setting in constant motion its various sets of parallel binary opposition

47- According to Derrida, logocentric thinking has its origin best in....................

1) the Socratic method of proposing questions

2) Medieval syllogistic thought

3) the Platonic expression Idea

4) Aristotle's principle of noncontradiction

48- Which of the following about deconstuctors' critical practice is NOT TRUE?

1) They solicit an ongoing relationship between text and interpreter.

2) They want to set up a new literary theory of analysis.

3) They believe meaning emerges through interpretation.

4) They look for places where the author loses control of language.

49- The relationship between Freud's economic and dynamic models of the human psyche is best that of the former....................

1) condensing the latter and finally transforming into a third more comprehensive model

2) lending some of its elements to the latter to make it more explanatory

3) enlarging upon but retaining most of the ideas posited in the latter

4) being in dialectical relationship with the latter and ultimately rejecting it altogether

50- At the heart of Lacan's theory and his understanding of the human psyche, particularly as relates to his conception of literary works, are best....................

1) 'fulfillment and wholeness'

2) 'satisfaction and cavil'

3) 'enthusiasm and frustration'

4) 'lack and fragmentation'

51- Elaine Showalter's gynocriticism, providing critics with four models that address the nature of women's writing, is best represented by the biological model followed by....................in order.

1) linguistic model - psychoanalytic model - cultural model

2) linguistic model - cultural model - psychoanalytic model

3) cultural model - psychoanalytic model - linguistic model

4) cultural model - linguistic model - psychoanalytic model

52- What Marx and Engels term as 'Verhaltnisse' concerns the idea that....................

1) any 'is' is an aggregate of numerous 'was's

2) nothing exists in isolation or just 'is'

3) things exist only as 'is'; there is no 'was'

4) a society's 'is' is always a matter of 'will's

53- Cultural Materialism, the approach to textual interpretation that appeared in the 1970s and early 1980s declares that is best based on..................

1) irrelevance of historical critique

2) negation of history as 'reality'

3) subjectivity of all history

4) fictional nature of history

54- The postcolonial critic Homi K. Bhaba argues that postcolonialism is best a set of...................

1) strategies developed about certain philosophical positions

2) inscriptions etched mainly by the 'subaltern'

3) diverse methodologies that possess no unitary quality

4) cultural strategies 'centred on history'

55- The German movement in literature and the other arts known as expressionism....................