Artifcial intelligence software that
replaces the driver, powering the
vehicle’s decision making and actions,
including steering, accelerating,
braking, and parking.

HO W I T WORKS The software fnds
patterns in sounds, images, and other
data ingested from sensors or cameras
placed on the car to identify objects
around it and determine the right
reaction in any situation—such as
braking for a deer on the road.

COMPETITORS More than 14 startups,
including Nu Tonomy, a developer
of A.I. software, spun out of MIT,
and Drive.ai, a Stanford Artifcial
Intelligence Lab spinof.

HOW IT WORKS Cameras can detect
trafc lights, road signs, and
pedestrians; radar sensors can
identify the distance from neighboring
cars; laser sensors can detect lane
markings; and ultrasonic sensors can
determine the distance to objects like
parking cones.

COMPETITORS More than 25 startups,
including Quanergy, which is
developing hardware and software
for laser-based sensors that measure
distance to thousands of points
to create a 3-D map of the terrain
surrounding the car.

THE NEURAL NETWORK

A mix of software and hardware that
enables a car to communicate with
an outside system—such as Wi-Fi or
another vehicle—or with its own
internal devices.

HOW IT WORKS Some companies are
developing a software platform that
connects a car’s data—fuel usage,
average speed, GPS tracking, driving
habits—to a user’s smartphone, while
others are building technology for
managing feets of cars.

COMPETI TORS More than 35 startups,
including Peloton, which develops
wireless and radar-based communication software to link trucks to prevent
accidents, and Zendrive, which uses a
smartphone’s sensors to measure and
improve driving behavior.

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