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See: Carter Family in Southwest Virginia for an overview of Carter lines in Southwest Virginia. Robert "King" Carter, never came to SW VA, but some of his grandchildren did. This article exists within the Southwest Virginia Project simply for purposes of providing context for those descendants in southwest Virginia connected to King Carter. This article was previously developed at Person:Robert "King" Carter (1), qv. for developmental history. This current article is slightly older, and deals with the same person. Materials from that article have been placed here to eliminate duplication, and because this article has chronological priority.

Overview

Robert Carter was the son of John Carter (1620-1669) Sarah Ludlow (1635-1668). John immigrated to the colonies about 1650, settling eventually at his plantation which he named "Corotoman" in Lancaster County. Robert was born there in 1663. John left instructions in his will that a servant be aquired to school Robert; this was complied with by sending Robert back to England at about age ten, where he lived with one of his fathers business partners. One his return to Virginia Robert assumed responsibility for his fathers properties, and eventually became one of one of the wealthiest men in America. In 1688 he married Judith Armistead by whom he had several children. Judith died in 1699, and Robert subsequently married Elizabeth Landon in 1701, by whom he also had children. While not all of his children survived to adulthood, most did.

Robert was elected a Burgess from Lancaster County to the General assembly of Virginia in 1691, serving five consecutive terms. In 1726, as President of the Governor's Council, he served as acting Governor of Virginia after the death of Governor Hugh Drysdale. In his business life, Carter amassed considerable land holdings, eventually coming to own over 300,000 acres of land, mostly in the Northern Neck area of Virginia, and in the Valley of Virginia. Much of his land was acquired while serving as an agent of Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron, better known in Virginia as Lord Fairfax.

Carter served two terms as agent for the Fairfax proprietary of the Northern Neck of Virginia. During his first term, 1702-1711, he began to acquire large tracts of land for himself in the Rappahannock River region of Virginia. Among his acquisitions was a 2000 acre parcel in Westmoreland County, overlooking the Potomac and Nomini Rivers. Here he built Nomini Hall, a square Georgian style brick building which would serve as his home for the remainder of his life. [2] Carter served a second time as Fairfax's agent, this time from 1722-32. During this second term he made additional acquisitions in the Northern Neck of Virginia, and in the area west of the Blue Ridge. Much of this land was intended for the benefit of his children and grandchildren [3]

Carter was known as "King Carter", as much because of autocratic business methods, as because of his immense wealth. [4]

Robert died on the 4th of August, 1732, leaving behind an estate that included 300,000 acres, 1000 slaves, and 10,000 pounds in cash. He was buried at Christ Church, Lancaster County, a church for whose construction and endowment he had paid. His epitaph, inscribed on the top of his tomb is given in various sources as:

Here lies buried Robert Carter, Esq., an honourable man, who by noble endowments and pure morals gave lustre to his gentle birth.

Rector of William and Mary, he sustained that institution in its most trying times. He was Speaker of the House of Burgesses, and Treasurer under the most serene Princes William, Anne, George I. and II.

Elected by the House its Speaker six years, and Governor of the Colony for more than a year, he upheld equally the regal dignity and the public freedom.

Possessed of ample wealth, blamelessly acquired, he built and endowed, at his own expense, this sacred edifice,--a signal monument of his piety toward God. He furnished it richly.

Entertaining his friends kindly, he was neither a prodigal nor a parsimonious host.

His first wife was Judith, daughter of John Armistead, Esq.; his second Betty, a descendant of the noble family of Landons. By these wives he had many children, on whose education he expended large sums of money.

At length, full of honours and of years, when he had well performed all the duties of an exemplary life, he departed from this world on the 4th day of August, in the 69th year of his age.

The unhappy lament their lost comforter, the widows their lost protector, and the orphans their lost father."

When he became representative of Fairfax’s interests again in 1722, and served from 1722–32, he succeeded in securing for his children and grandchildren some in the Northern Neck, as well as additional acquisitions in Virginia west of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Carter died on 4 August 1732, in Lancaster County, Virginia and was buried there at Christ Church. He left behind 300,000 acres (1,200 km²) of land, 1,000 slaves and 10,000 British pounds in cash.

Notes

From Stafford County, Virginia records:
This Indenture made the 22d day March 1704 between Edward (sic) Hinson of Parish Overwharton in county Stafford of the one part & Robert Carter of Christ Church Parish in county Lancaster...Witnesseth that Edmond Hinson for sum 7000 pounds of Tob. & cask...have sold Robert Carter 391 acres of land upon North side Potomack Run and bounded...beginning upon the Clift by the run side & extending thence N=45 degrees E=266 poles thence N=45 degrees W=2276 poles thence South 45 degrees W=188 poles to the run thence down the run according to the several courses & meanderes thereof to the beginning the tract of 391 acres being granted unto Joseph Hinson the father of ye sd Edmond Hinson by deed from the Propietors officed bearing date ye 16th day March 1694/5 as by the sd deed relation being thereunto had...tract of 391 acres given to Edmond by his fathers will... (Deed & Will Abstracts of Stafford County, 1699-1709, pp. 173- 176)

Source Materials

The following summary of sources on the Life of "King" Carter, is taken from A Brief Life of Robert Carter Transcribed and Edited by Edmund Berkeley, Jr.
This authoritative work is available online at the Library of Virginia Website

There are two academic lives of Robert Carter that treat his life in detail: Carl F. Canon's doctoral dissertation, "Robert ( "King" ) Carter of "Corotoman" for Duke University, 1956; and "Robert King Carter," a master's thesis at the University of Virginia by Edmund Berkeley, Jr., in 1961.

Details of the Carter genealogy are to be found in Christine Jones, John Carter I of "Corotoman" Lancaster County, Virginia (Irvington, Virginia: Foundation for Historic Christ Church, Inc., 1977).

One letter book of Carter's has been published: Louis B. Wright, Letters of Robert Carter 1720-1727: The Commercial Interests of a Virginia Gentleman (San Marino, CA: Huntington Library, 1940). Wright also wrote of the Carters' libraries in "The "Gentleman's Library" in Early Virginia: The Literary Interests of the First Carters," (Huntington Library Quarterly, I (1937), 3-61).

His schooling in England has been covered very well by Alan Simpson in "Robert Carter's Schooldays" , an article in the Virginia Magazine of History and Biography (94[April 1986]: 161-188).

And Jon Kukla in Speakers and Clerks of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1643-1776 (Richmond: Virginia State Library, 1981) gives the details of Carter's career as a burgess and council member.

Fairfax Harrison's monumental study, Landmarks of Old Prince William (Berryville, Va.: Virginia Book Company, 1964, a one-volume reprint of the 1924 two-volume edition) remains invaluable for its detail about the development of that area of Virginia and the proprietary. There are numerous references to Carter and others of his period in Earl G. Swem's Virginia Historical Index which indexes a half-dozen publications on Virginia history and genealogy.

Land Holdings

Robert “King” Carter amassed a huge acreage, most of it acquired while he served as agent (1702-1732) to the Northern Neck Proprietor, Lord Fairfax and his heirs (including Denny Martin who was required to assume the Fairfax name when he inherited the Proprietary). Carter challenged Fairfax for overlapping land boundaries because he had the support of a Virginia that resented such an important and huge landed estate totally in private hands as the Proprietary. Virginia did not originally receive income from these lands.

Robert Carter’s lands–Richland, and his extensive landholdings in the Northern Neck:

Lands included in Fauquier and Prince William counties, 1724:

Licking Run tract, 10,227 acres

Turkey Run tract, 10,610 acres

Kettle Run tract, 6,166 acres

Broad Run tract, 12,285 acres

Bull Run tract, 41,440 acres

Lower Bull Run tract, 8,989 acres in two parcels

Lands included in Fairfax and Loudoun counties, 1727-28:

Goose Creek tract, 25,909 acres

Frying Pan tract, 27,000 acres

Lands on and beyond the Blue Ridge Mountains, 1730-31:

Shenandoah tract, 50,212 acres

Pageland tract, 8,007 acres

Williams Gap tract, 2,941 acres

Ashby’s Bent tract, 4,207 acres in two parcels

Titles to these lands were issued in the names of the King’s sons, grandsons, sons in law: Landon Carter, George Carter, John Carter, Charles Carter, Robert Carter Jr, Mann Page of Rosewell, Lewis Burwell, Carter Burwell, Robert Burwell, Carter Page, Robin Page, Robert Carter Nicholas, Robert Carter Jr (son of John), Benjamin Harrison Jr, and Robert Carter Jr (son of Robert Carter). The records, however, refer to Colonel Carter’s boundaries.

Footnotes

↑ This property was originally acquired in 1709 from the heirs of Col. Nicholas Spencer, cousin of the Lords Culpeper, from whom the Fairfaxes had inherited their Virginia holdings (Wikipedia:Robert King Carter I) Nomini Hall is described as "...the elegant manor house [built by Robert "King" Carter] built about 1729 in Westmoreland County, overlooking the Potomac and Nomini Rivers, a plantation of about 2,000 acres. The square Georgian style home with four chimneys was made of brick, two stories high, located on a hill with a spectacular view of the rivers. Sankofa's Slavery Data Collection. A non-ephemeral source, for this is needed.