Ascariasis

Definition

Ascariasis is an infection with a roundworm parasite.

This roundworm can grow to over 15 inches (40 centimeters) in length. Their eggs hatch in the stomach and the larvae travel to the liver and lungs. This causes a type of pneumonia. The larvae are coughed or travel to the throat where they are swallowed. They enter the stomach again and develop into adult worms. Each female worm lays 240,000 eggs per day. These eggs leave the body with bowel movements. The cycle begins again when contaminated food or water is eaten.

Causes

Ascariasis is caused by swallowing food or water that is contaminated by feces containing eggs.

Risk Factors

Infestations are more common in preschool age or younger children because they are more likely to play in contaminated soil and are not so careful with fecal hygiene. Other factors that may increase the chance of ascariasis include:

Treatment

It is common to have more than one intestinal parasite. You may need to be tested and treated for several. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Treatment options include the following:

Medications such as mebendazole, albendazole, ivermectin, and pyrantel pamoate

Endoscopy or surgery if you have an intestinal obstruction from a large number of worms

Prevention

To reduce your chance of ascariasis:

Avoid foods prepared without proper sanitation, such as with unwashed hands.

Avoid water and other drinks that may be from contaminated sources.

Peel, cook, or wash vegetables if they may have been fertilized with human excrement.

Wash hands when leaving the bathroom.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.