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Yong He, Yunnan Shi – The Positions of Europe, of the USA, and of China in Africa, Implication for African Development In this study, we show that the reinforcement of the positions of China and of the USA in Africa has essentially been motivated by their willing to increase their access to African natural resources. We explain that, firstly, the positive impact of Chinese presence to African development will be limited in long term because there is a profound conflict of interest between them linked with their surplus of manpower ; secondly, treating with Africa uniquely with the logic of the market or with the logic of the charity is never enough to promote African development. The logic of “ Learn to Fish ” consists of encouraging the FDI, in particular, of the emergent countries there, in order to increase African production ability. Finally, we propose the application of a principle according to which the countries that benefit more from African natural resources should import more African manufacturing and agricultural products.

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