The immune response is specific. No immunoreactivity against normal sequence dependent Aß epitopes after 12 injections.

The immune response is long lasting Titer does not drop significantly within 6 months after vaccination.

Adjuvant is not required for high titer immune response.

8Anti-Oligomer antibody recognizes soluble oligomers from all other types of amyloids. 9Anti-Oligomer neutralizes the toxicity of all types of amyloid oligomers. No antibodyAnti-OligomerPre-immune 10Summary

Immunization with a molecular mimic of Aß micelles produces a polyclonal antibody (Anti-Oligomer), that is specific for the soluble, high molecular weight micellar oligomeric intermediate that is common to all amyloids tested.

Anti-Oligomer stains small, focal deposits in AD and Tg mouse brain that are distinct from Thio-S positive and diffuse plaques.

Anti-Oligomer immunoreactivity is elevated in AD brain.

Oligomeric Aß represents a small fraction of the total Aß.

14Summary

Vaccination with Aß-gold oligomer molecular mimics may be as effective as preventing amyloid accumulation as fibrillar Aß, but yet it may avoid the inflammatory complications associated with the first generation of Alzheimers disease vaccine.

15Potential Applications

The Aß oligomer molecular mimic antigen may be useful for development of a specific vaccine that avoids autoimmune and inflammatory complications.

Anti-Oligomer antibody may be useful as a diagnostic tool to determine the levels of the soluble oligomers in biological fluids.

The anti-Oligomer antibody may be a valuable specific surrogate marker to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of agents that are designed to decrease or eliminate the neurotoxic amyloid.

Anti-Oligomer antibody may be useful for high-throughput screening for drugs that inhibit oligomer formation.

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