Language abilities are one of the best predictors of long-term outcome in autism, but these can be highly variable in the condition, with some children with autism showing near normal language abilities while others are completely non-verbal. This project uses multiple brain imaging techniques in children to evaluate how basic auditory [hearing] skills impact language development and ability. By better understanding the biology of language deficits, better therapeutic interventions can be developed. This is a supplement to a previously awarded grant with the same title.