Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system destroys moisture-producing glands, such as tear glands and salivary glands. When Sjogren's syndrome occurs by itself, it is called primary Sjogren’s syndrome. When it occurs in the context of other autoimmune conditions, such as
rheumatoid arthritis
or
systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)
, it is called secondary Sjogren’s syndrome.

As with other autoimmune diseases, symptoms of Sjogren’s tend to wax and wane. The disease is diagnosed by blood tests as well as examination of the eyes and mouth. Treatment primarily involves use of artificial tears, artificial saliva, and vaginal lubricants to relieve dryness. In some cases, anti-inflammatory or immune suppressant drugs may be used.

Principal Proposed Natural Treatments

N-acetyl Cysteine

N-acetyl cysteine (NAC)
is a specially modified form of the dietary amino acid cysteine. When taken orally, NAC helps the body make the important antioxidant enzyme glutathione. It is also thought to help loosen secretions, and for this reason it has been tried as a treatment for Sjogren’s syndrome.

In a
double-blind, placebo-controlled
crossover trial
of 26 people with Sjogren’s syndrome, use of NAC at a dose of 200 mg 3 times per day improved eye-related symptoms.
1
The supplement also showed some promise for mouth-related symptoms, but the effects were less clear-cut. While these are promising results, a much larger trial would be necessary to fully document the potential benefits of this treatment approach.

Herb-Vitamin-Mineral Combination

A product containing vitamins and minerals as well as the herbs paprika, rosemary,
peppermint
, milfoil,
hawthorn
, and
pumpkin seed
has been used in Scandinavia for many years as a treatment for various mouth-related conditions. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 44 people found that 4 months’ treatment with this combination improved some signs and symptoms of Sjogren’s syndrome, including rate of salivary flow.
4
A larger study is needed to fully explore the potential benefits of this treatment.

Other Proposed Natural Treatments

Colostrum is the fluid that a woman's breasts produce during the first day or two after she has given birth. Very preliminary evidence suggests that oral hygiene products containing
bovine colostrum
(colostrum from cows) may provide beneficial effects for the mouth symptoms of Sjogren’s syndrome.
2

One small study found preliminary evidence that toothpaste containing
betaine
may be helpful for dry mouth symptoms of Sjogren's syndrome.
5

Gamma-linolenic acid
(GLA), an essential fatty acid in the omega-6 family , has been tried as a treatment for the fatigue often associated with Sjogren’s.
3
However, in a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 90 people, use of GLA failed to prove more effective than placebo.
3
One small double-blind study, however, found that a combination of GLA and the omega-6 fatty acid linoleic acid (found in many vegetable oils) may improve dry eye symptoms in Sjogren's.
8Flax oil
, a source of omega-3 fatty acids, has also shown some promise for this latter purpose.
10

A 12-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study failed to find benefit with the hormone
DHEA
, taken at a dose of 200 mg daily.
9
The researchers noted that the belief by participants that they were being given DHEA instead of placebo “was a stronger predictor for improvement of fatigue and well-being than the actual use of DHEA.” A previous double-blind, placebo-controlled study also failed to find benefit.
6

Herbs and Supplements to Use Only With Caution

Numerous herbs and supplements may interact adversely with drugs used to treat Sjogren’s syndrome. For more information, see the individual drug articles in the
Drug Interactions
section of this database.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.