Monogenic diseases are frequent causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality, and disease presentations are often undifferentiated at birth. More than 3500 monogenic diseases have been characterized, but clinical testing is available for only some of them and many feature clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Hence, an immense unmet need exists for ...

It's a great challenge to analyze infant brain MR images due to the small brain size and low contrast of the developing brain tissues. We have developed an Infant Brain Extraction and Analysis Toolbox (iBEAT) for various processing of magnetic resonance (MR) images of infant brains. Several major functions generally ...

The aim of this study of maternal deaths through FOGSI members is to see its current STATUS. A three-year retrospective observational study from January 2005 to December 2007 formed the basis for collection of the data for analysis. A wide variation of maternal mortality ratio (MMR) in the five zones ...

Ultrasonography is an emerging tool for monitoring clubfoot correction and for early diagnosis of spurious correction and of deformity recurrence. Sonography is widely available, inexpensive and has dynamic capability and can visualize tarsals in infants accurately.

Researchers studying infants' spontaneous allocation of attention have traditionally relied on hand-coding infants' direction of gaze from videos; these techniques have low temporal and spatial resolution and are labor intensive. Eye-tracking technology potentially allows for much more precise measurement of how attention is allocated at the subsecond scale, but a ...

A method for the analysis of free and total myo-inositol in foods, feeds, and infant formulas has been developed and validated using high-performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. The option of a free myo-inositol determination or a complete total myo-inositol determination from main bound sources can be achieved. ...

Abstract We report an exacerbation of congenital oesophageal stenosis caused by accidental ingestion of tape that had been placed on a postoperative scar of the right thumb. Treatment by tape fixation in infants with gastrointestinal disease should be carefully monitored.

Accurate representation of a changing environment requires individuation-the ability to determine how many numerically distinct objects are present in a scene. Much research has characterized early individuation abilities by identifying which object features infants can use to individuate throughout development. However, despite the fact that without memory featural individuation would ...

The current study investigated early temperament in 54 infants at familial high-risk of ASD and 50 controls. Parental report of temperament was assessed around 7, 14 and 24 months of age and diagnostic assessment was conducted at 3 years. The high-risk group showed reduced Surgency at 7 and 14 months and reduced Effortful ...

Follow-up of premature infants in the outpatient clinics after graduation from the NICU, is a challenging issue for both parents and doctors. With an increasing number of survival of the premature infants, maintaining the quality of life and timely diagnosis of the late-onset complications have become the focus of care ...

Background: Despite continuous research on the prevention of preterm labor, preterm delivery still occurs often. Different neonatal outcomes in association with chorioamnionitis might occur with the introduction of antenatal steroids. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chorioamnionitis on the outcome of preterm infants and ...

The Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial randomized 555 subjects with a single right ventricle undergoing the Norwood procedure at 15 North American centers to receive either a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt or right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery shunt. Results demonstrated a rate of death or cardiac transplantation by 12 months postrandomization of 36% for ...

Infants with congenital heart disease have impaired weight gain during the first several months of life. Efforts have focused on improving weight gain and nutritional status during the first months of life. Close examination of the data suggests that the immediate postoperative period is problematic. Etiology of this early growth ...

INTRODUCTION: Bednar aphthae are infected wounds caused by trauma, localized to the hard palate in infants. They do not require specific treatment because they regress spontaneously in a few days. They often remain undiagnosed; other times, because of the pain they caused, they may worsen the nursing. CASE REPORT: We ...

Acquired tracheobronchomalacia (TBM) is an uncommon complication of severe lung disease in infancy. We report a case of TBM in an ex-premature infant with severe chronic lung disease (CLD). Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) was used to dynamically assess the patency of the large airways at different time periods during the ...

As the incidence of deformational plagiocephaly (DP) has risen, so has the demand on clinicians to make appropriate treatment recommendations. While knowledge of risk factors and natural history continue to evolve, there is uncertainty and controversy regarding intervention approaches. The purpose of this report is to review current treatment approaches ...

BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported on neonatal tremors or "jitteriness" or, as described by Precthl "hyperexcitability syndrome" including tremors and increased resistance to passive movement. AIM: To describe the evolution of signs and the outcome at one year in low risk term born infants with neonatal tremors persisting beyond 10days. ...

Abstract Despite the known health benefits for mother and infant, compliance with exclusive breastfeeding continues to challenge many healthcare providers. In an ongoing attempt to maintain the goals of the Healthy People 2010 initiative, our institution set out to identify patients with suboptimal breastfeeding rates in order to recognize potential ...

Background: In this study, we analyze the impact of the choice of either the left or right brachiocephalic vein (BCV) on the cannulation success when using the ultrasound-guided supraclavicular in-plane technique approach to the longitudinally viewed BCV in infants. Methods: The central vascular protocols of 183 infants were reviewed retrospectively. ...

Surviving extremely low-birth-weight infants are at risk of severe neurodevelopmental disability. Transfusion with packed red cells is almost universal in the care of these infants, but the hemoglobin threshold at which these transfusions should be given is unclear. Different clinical trials of restrictive (low hemoglobin) versus liberal (high hemoglobin) thresholds ...

Infantile spasms (IS) represent a major therapeutic challenge, as cessation of spasms and normalization of the electroencephalogram (elimination of hypsarrhythmia) are mandatory to prevent cognitive deterioration in previously healthy infants, or to preserve neurocognitive function among those neurologically affected prior to onset of IS. Traditionally, this epilepsy syndrome has been ...

Executive dysfunction occurs in sickle cell anemia, but there are few early data. Infants with sickle cell anemia (n = 14) and controls (n = 14) performed the "A-not-B" and Object Retrieval search tasks, measuring precursors of executive function at 9 and 12 months. Significant group differences were not found. ...

Watson Linda R LR The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA. - - 2013

The authors aimed to compare gesture use in infants with autism with gesture use in infants with other developmental disabilities (DD) or typical development (TD). Children with autism (n = 43), DD (n = 30), and TD (n = 36) were recruited at ages 2 to 7 years. Parents provided ...

Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD) deficiency is one of the most common fatty acid oxidation defects that cause sudden unexpected deaths in infants. The death attributed to VLCAD deficiency can be prevented by early diagnosis with expanded newborn screening using tandem mass spectrometry. A favorable outcome can be achieved with ...

In the follow-up of New Jersey newborn screens suggestive of medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) during a 30-month period, we identified five patients of Hispanic American ethnicity. With information provided by the New Jersey Department of Health and Human Services Newborn Screening program we calculated an overall cumulative incidence ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are recognized as growing rapidly during the first months of life, but details of early growth before 3 months of age have not been well-characterized. Our goal was to study early IH growth by using parental photographs of infant children with facial IHs to better ...

Much of our knowledge is acquired not from direct experience but through the speech of others. Speech allows rapid and efficient transfer of information that is otherwise not directly observable. Do infants recognize that speech, even if unfamiliar, can communicate about an important aspect of the world that cannot be ...

Intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity (IVH) is a diagnosis that has become more frequent in recent years. Advances in medical care have led to survival of increasingly premature infants, as well as infants with more complex medical conditions. Treatment with a ventricular access device (VAD) was reported almost 3 decades ago; ...

Device closure of atrial septal defect (ASD) is commonly performed in older children and adults. Infants and toddlers (age <4 years) are seldom referred for ASD closure due to size constraints. However, in many cases device ASD closure can be performed in this population. Between 2002 and 2012, 61 infants and ...

Cavitation in primary pulmonary tuberculosis is rare, particularly in infants. We report a case of a 2-month-old infant with primary cavitating tuberculosis. Computed tomography firstly showed consolidation of the left upper lobe, and results of a course of antimicrobial therapy demonstrated a cystic lesion. The cyst was demonstrated to be ...

Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) has been indicated in patients with severe refractory respiratory failure from various causes for more than 30 years, even for the small infant.(1) Improved outcome from using ECMO for respiratory failure has been reported worldwide, ranging from 15% to over 50% in recent reviews.(1,2) The ...

Background: Because the peak age for incidence of sudden deaths in infancy temporally coincides with the age of infant primary immunization, some have raised the question whether immunization is a risk factor for sudden death in infancy. Recent occurrence of two sudden deaths in infants in Korea renewed concerns about ...

Background: The early clinical manifestations of congenital syphilis (CS) vary from asymptomatic to florid lesions, involving multisystem damage. But little is known about the differences of early clinical features between preterm and term neonates with CS. Objectives: To compare the clinical characteristics between preterm and term neonates with CS and ...

Although Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the most important cause of hospital admission for infants during the winter season, the pathogenesis is largely unknown. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) concentrations were studied in nasopharyngeal aspirates from 21 non-ventilated and 17 ventilated infants admitted to hospital with RSV bronchiolitis at time of admission ...

Preterm infants fed fortified human milk in standard fashion receive less protein than they need due to customary assumptions. Protein is limiting for growth and neurocognitive development,and shortfalls of proteinare not acceptable. Adjustable fortification regimen has been proven as an effective way to provide adequate protein intakes and appropriate growth ...

Specialists in allergy/immunology are often asked to evaluate patients with eosinophilia, with the general assumption of an underlying allergic or immunologic disease. We present a case of an infant referred for marked eosinophilia. Although atopic disease may be in the differential diagnosis, it is rarely associated with hypereosinophilia, and other ...

Persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) is relatively rare but one of the most important causes of severe neonatal hypoglycemia. Recognition of this entity becomes important due to the fact that the hypoglycemia is so severe and frequent that it may lead to severe neurological damage in the infant manifesting ...

BACKGROUND: Congenital complete heart block (CCHB) is an uncommon although important and potentially serious condition contributing to neonatal morbidity and mortality. AIMS: To study the characteristics and outcomes of infants born with CCHB at a single tertiary centre. METHODS: A retrospective review of all infants with CCHB over the last ...

ObjectiveTo determine whether hospital re-admission within the first 2 months of life decreases the odds of predominant breastfeeding.DesignMothers living in two large healthcare regions of Alberta (population 1 000 000 each) were recruited to participate in this prospective matched cohort study if they delivered a singleton infant between 34 and ...

Eleven infants who were fed a thiamine-deficient formula for a mean of 3 months were evaluated for immediate and long-term auditory abnormalities. At presentation, 8 infants had auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD), which resolved with supplementary thiamine in 5 children, was permanent in 2 children, and deteriorated in 1 patient ...

We estimated the potential impact of parental Tdap immunization before delivery, at delivery and at the 2-week newborn visit on U.S. infant pertussis hospitalizations. We used published data for pertussis hospitalization rates among U.S. infants aged 0-4 months, the Tdap vaccine efficacy in adults, and the proportion of infants with ...

Scrub typhus is a rickettsial disease, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted via the bite of a chigger. This disease is one of the most important infectious diseases in the Asia-Pacific area; however, a severe infant case has not yet been reported. Here, we present the case of an ...

Regenerative therapy based on stem cells is applied as standard therapy in pediatric oncology. Furthermore, they are frequently used to treat immunodeficiency disorders of infants. For severe neonatal diseases, e. g. hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term neonates or bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, animal models have been established. According to some ...