Washington, DC – U.S. Senators Ben Cardin (D-MD) has introduced a bill, S. 2017, the Democracy Restoration Act that would restore voting rights to individuals after they have served their time and have been released from incarceration. This legislation is ultimately designed to reduce recidivism rates and help reintegrate ex-prisoners back into society. The bill is cosponsored by Senators Richard Durbin (D-IL) and Sheldon Whitehouse (D-RI).

“If we truly want to break the cycle of recidivism, we need to reintegrate former prisoners back into society. When prisoners are released, they are expected to obey the law, get a job, and pay taxes as they are rehabilitated and reintegrated into their community. With these responsibilities and obligations of citizenship should also come the rights of citizenship, including the right to vote.

“State laws governing the restoration of voting rights vary widely throughout the country, such that persons in some States can easily regain their voting rights, while in other States persons effectively lose their right to vote permanently. State disenfranchisement laws also have a disproportionate impact on racial and ethnic minorities. This patchwork of state laws results in the lack of a uniform standard for eligibility to vote in Federal elections. This leads to an unfair disparity and unequal participation in Federal elections based solely on where an individual lives. I believe that Congress should take strong action now to remedy this problem and enact a nationwide standard for restoration of voting rights.”

In 35 States, convicted individuals may not vote while they are on parole. In 10 States, a conviction can result in life-time disenfranchisement. Several States requires prisoners to seek discretionary pardons from Governors, or action by the parole or pardon board, in order to regain their right to vote. Several States deny the right to vote to individuals convicted of certain misdemeanors. States are slowly moving or repeal or loosen many of these barriers to voting for ex-prisoners. The legislation is narrowly crafted to apply to federal elections, and retains the States’ authorities to generally establish voting qualifications.

DEMOCRACY RESTORATION ACT

SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS

Section 1: Short title.

Section 2: Findings.

This section details some of the statistics and other problems associated with criminal disfranchisement laws.

There are no standard qualifications for voting in federal elections, so disparate state standards effectively determine who may vote in federal elections, and the same individual may be arbitrarily allowed to vote by one state, but barred by the next.

The 48 states that prohibit voting by some or all people with convictions disproportionately disfranchise racial and ethnic minorities.

Disfranchising citizens who are living and working in our communities hinders their rehabilitation and reintegration into society.

Section 3: Voting Rights Protected.

This section guarantees all citizens the right to vote in elections for federal office regardless of felony or misdemeanor criminal conviction.

An individual’s voting rights may be restricted, however, in elections that take place while s/he is incarcerated and serving a felony sentence.

Section 4: Enforcement of Federal Voting Rights.

This section authorizes both the Department of Justice and individuals harmed by violation of this Act to sue to enforce its provisions.

Unless an alleged violation occurs during the 30 days prior to a federal election, individuals must attempt to resolve grievances by providing notice to state election officials before they may file suit. State election officials have 90 days after receipt of a complaint to correct a violation, or 20 days if the complaint is filed within 120 days prior to a federal election. If a violation occurs within 30 days of a federal election, individuals may file suit immediately, without providing notice.

This section obligates state officials and the federal Bureau of Prisons to provide written notification of the right to register and vote in federal elections to any individual who has been convicted of a criminal offense.

Notice must be given at the time of sentencing in cases involving misdemeanor charges, and felony charges for which a sentence of probation-only is given.

Notice must be given at the time of release from incarceration in cases involving felony charges pursuant to which an individual serves time in a correctional institution.

Section 6: Definitions.

“Correctional institution or facility” includes all public and private facilities in which individuals are incarcerated pursuant to criminal conviction, but does not include residential treatment centers.

“Election” means any primary, special, runoff, or general election, including party conventions and caucuses held for purposes of nominating candidates, and elections held to designate delegates to a political party’s national nominating convention.

“Federal office” means the positions of President, Vice President, and Senator, Representative, Delegate, or Resident Commissioner to the Congress of the United States.

“Probation” means any period of probation imposed by a federal, state, or local court, without regard to conditions, or lack thereof, related to the person’s movement, payment of restitution, reporting or supervision.

Section 7: Relation to Other Laws.

This section makes clear that this Act does not prevent states from providing more expansive federal voting rights than mandated herein.

This Act also is not intended and should not be read to limit or replace the voting rights afforded by other federal laws, including the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973 et seq.) and the National Voter Registration Act (42 U.S.C. 1973gg et seq.).

Section 8: Restriction on Use of Federal Funds.

This section provides that federal funds may not be used to construct or improve correctional institutions unless the jurisdiction served by the institution has in place a program to notify people released from incarceration of their federal voting rights.

Section 9: Effective Date.

This Act applies prospectively to any federal election held after its passage.