Argued: Lemon v. Kurtzman - The Supreme Court will unanimously (7-0) rule that direct government assistance to religious schools is unconstitutional. This strikes down a Pennsylvania law that provides for paying the salaries of parochial school teachers as well as funds for parochial school texts.

This decision results in the creation of the Lemon Test for determining whether a law is constitutional or unconstitutional.

Chief Justice Warren Burger explains the test in the Court's opinion:

"First, the statute must have a secular legislative purpose; second, its principal or primary effect must be one that neither advances or inhibits religion; finally, the statute must not foster and excessive government Entanglement with religion."