Kurath’s career centred mainly on American English dialects. In addition to having edited the Linguistic Atlas of New England, 3 vol. (1939–43), he wrote the Handbook of the Linguistic Geography of New England (1939, rev. ed. 1973), A Word Geography of the Eastern United States (1949), and The Pronunciation of English in the Atlantic States (1961). From 1946 to 1962 he was also editor in chief of the Middle English Dictionary.

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Because of the enormous size of the United States, atlas surveys were done by region. Between 1931 and 1933, fieldworkers under the direction of the linguist Hans Kurath surveyed 213 New England communities; the results were published in the Linguistic Atlas of New England (with 734 maps) in 1939–43. Based on the methodological experience of Jaberg and Jud in their atlas of Italy...