1.
Jimmy Conzelman
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James Gleason Dunn Conzelman was an American football player and coach, baseball executive, and advertising executive. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1964 and was selected in 1969 as a quarterback on the National Football League 1920s All-Decade Team. A native of St. Louis, Conzelman played college football for the 1918 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets team that won the 1919 Rose Bowl, in 1919, he was an All-Missouri Valley Conference quarterback for the Washington University Pikers football team. He was also an owner in Detroit and, as player-coach. He served as coach of the NFLs Chicago Cardinals from 1940 to 1942. He led the Cardinals to an NFL championship in 1947 and Western Division championships in 1947 and 1948 and he was also an executive with St. Louis Browns in Major League Baseball from 1943 to 1945. Conzelman was born James Gleason Ryan Dunn in St. Louis, Missouri and he was the son of James Dunn and Marguerite Ryan, though his father died when he was still a baby. In 1902, his mother married a dentist, Oscar Conzelman, Conzelman attended Loyola Academy and later Central High School in St. Louis. He began playing football as a halfback at Central High in 1914, after a realignment of high school districts in 1915, Conzelman attended McKinley High School. He led the 1915 McKinley football team to a league championship, Conzelman enrolled at Washington University in St. Louis in 1916. He played freshman football that year but enlisted in the United States Navy when the United States entered World War I in 1917 and he was stationed at the Great Lakes Naval Station north of Chicago. During two years of service, he played for the Naval Stations football, baseball, and basketball teams and he also took up boxing while in the Navy and won a championship in the middleweight division. He was the quarterback of the 1918 Great Lakes Navy Bluejackets football team that defeated previously undefeated Navy, Conzelmans teammates on the 1918 Great Lakes team included George Halas and Paddy Driscoll, all three of whom were later inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. After the war, Conzelman turned down offers to become a professional boxer and he played for the 1919 Washington Pikers football team that compiled a 5–2 record and outscored opponents 127 to 30. Conzelman was selected as the All-Missouri Valley Conference quarterback for 1919 and he also was the catcher for the 1920 Washington University baseball team and organized an orchestra, played banjo, and wrote songs while attending Washington University. During the spring semester of 1920, Conzelman lost his eligibility to play due to academic deficiencies. His father had died in May 1919, and he withdrew from school to help support his mother and younger siblings. In June 1920, Conzelman announced that he would not return to Washington University in the fall and he spent the summer leading an orchestra in Arkansas

2.
NFL
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The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference. The NFL is one of the four professional sports leagues in North America. The NFLs 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after Christmas, with each team playing 16 games, the NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. The NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League in 1966, and the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that season, the merger was completed in 1970. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance of any sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. S. The NFLs executive officer is the commissioner, who has authority in governing the league. The team with the most NFL championships is the Green Bay Packers with thirteen, the current NFL champions are the New England Patriots, who defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in Super Bowl LI. Another meeting held on September 17,1920 resulted in the renaming of the league to the American Professional Football Association, the league hired Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams. Only two of these teams, the Decatur Staleys and the Chicago Cardinals, remain, the first event occurred on September 26,1920 when the Rock Island Independents defeated the non-league St. Paul Ideals 48–0 at Douglas Park. On October 3,1920, the first full week of league play occurred, the following season resulted in the Chicago Staleys controversially winning the title over the Buffalo All-Americans. In 1922, the APFA changed its name to the National Football League, in 1932, the season ended with the Chicago Bears and the Portsmouth Spartans tied for first in the league standings. This method had used since the leagues creation in 1920. The league quickly determined that a game between Chicago and Portsmouth was needed to decide the leagues champion. Playing with altered rules to accommodate the playing field, the Bears won the game 9–0. Fan interest in the de facto championship game led the NFL, beginning in 1933, the 1934 season also marked the first of 12 seasons in which African Americans were absent from the league. The de facto ban was rescinded in 1946, following public pressure, the NFL was always the foremost professional football league in the United States, it nevertheless faced a large number of rival professional leagues through the 1930s and 1940s. Rival leagues included at least three separate American Football Leagues and the All-America Football Conference, on top of regional leagues of varying caliber. Three NFL teams trace their histories to these leagues, including the Los Angeles Rams

3.
Providence Steam Roller
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The Providence Steam Roller was a professional American football team based in Providence, Rhode Island in the National Football League from 1925 to 1931. Providence was the first New England team to win an NFL championship, the Steam Roller won the leagues championship in 1928. They are the last team to win a championship and no longer be in the league, Most of their home games were played in a 10, 000-seat stadium that was built for bicycle races called the Cycledrome. The Steam Roller was established in 1916 by members of the Providence Journal, sports-editor Charles Coppen, three men shared in the ownership and management of the team, Coppen, James Dooley, and Peter Laudati. Meanwhile, Johnson stayed on as the manager for each year of its existence. The team soon became a power and by the mid-1920s was known as the best independent team in the country. By 1919 the team was drawing in more spectators than Brown University by a margin of 2–1, however it seemed unlikely since the Steam Roller crowd was on average 3,000 spectators a game. The players wages were lower than those of Indiana and Ohio, several college football players did play for the Steam Roller, but under aliases, so as to not jeopardize their amateur status. In 1924, Providences schedule featured several NFL teams, the Steam Roller posted a 3–2–1 record against those teams, defeating the Rochester Jeffersons, Minneapolis Marines and Dayton Triangles. Both of their two losses came against the Frankford Yellow Jackets and, the team also posted a scoreless tie against the Columbus Tigers. The 1924 Steam Roller then went on to win the undisputed championship of the Northeast. The teams success that season was enough to make Steam Roller management, Providence joined the NFL in time for the 1925 season. By that time three players from the 1924 team were still in the line-up when the teams first practice of 1925 was held on September 17. In fact, only about a dozen of them wore Steam Roller colors for the debut in the NFL. The Steam Roller had played football in their first two NFL seasons, but posted a strong 8–5–1 record in 1927 with Jim Conzelman as the teams head coach. For his per game salary of $292, Conzelman not only coached the team, Providence opened its 1928 season against Red Grange and the New York Yankees, Wilsons rival from the AFL. The Steam Roller led the Yankees 20–7 at halftime and held that score throughout the second half, however the teams next game resulted in a 10–6 loss to the Frankford Yellow Jackets. However the team rebounded with a four-game winning streak over the Dayton Triangles, Yankees, Pottsville Maroons

4.
National Football League
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The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference. The NFL is one of the four professional sports leagues in North America. The NFLs 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after Christmas, with each team playing 16 games, the NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. The NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League in 1966, and the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that season, the merger was completed in 1970. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance of any sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. S. The NFLs executive officer is the commissioner, who has authority in governing the league. The team with the most NFL championships is the Green Bay Packers with thirteen, the current NFL champions are the New England Patriots, who defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in Super Bowl LI. Another meeting held on September 17,1920 resulted in the renaming of the league to the American Professional Football Association, the league hired Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams. Only two of these teams, the Decatur Staleys and the Chicago Cardinals, remain, the first event occurred on September 26,1920 when the Rock Island Independents defeated the non-league St. Paul Ideals 48–0 at Douglas Park. On October 3,1920, the first full week of league play occurred, the following season resulted in the Chicago Staleys controversially winning the title over the Buffalo All-Americans. In 1922, the APFA changed its name to the National Football League, in 1932, the season ended with the Chicago Bears and the Portsmouth Spartans tied for first in the league standings. This method had used since the leagues creation in 1920. The league quickly determined that a game between Chicago and Portsmouth was needed to decide the leagues champion. Playing with altered rules to accommodate the playing field, the Bears won the game 9–0. Fan interest in the de facto championship game led the NFL, beginning in 1933, the 1934 season also marked the first of 12 seasons in which African Americans were absent from the league. The de facto ban was rescinded in 1946, following public pressure, the NFL was always the foremost professional football league in the United States, it nevertheless faced a large number of rival professional leagues through the 1930s and 1940s. Rival leagues included at least three separate American Football Leagues and the All-America Football Conference, on top of regional leagues of varying caliber. Three NFL teams trace their histories to these leagues, including the Los Angeles Rams

5.
New York Giants
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The New York Giants are a professional American football team located in the New York metropolitan area. The Giants compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues National Football Conference East division. The team plays its games at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Giants hold their training camp at the Quest Diagnostics Training Center at the Meadowlands Sports Complex. The Giants were one of five teams that joined the NFL in 1925 and their championship tally is surpassed only by the Green Bay Packers and Chicago Bears. Throughout their history, the Giants have featured 28 Hall of Fame players, including NFL Most Valuable Player award winners Mel Hein, Frank Gifford, Y. A. Tittle, and Lawrence Taylor. The teams heated rivalry with the Philadelphia Eagles is the oldest of the NFC East rivalries, dating all the way back to 1933, the Giants played their first game as an away game against All New Britain in New Britain, Connecticut, on October 4,1925. They defeated New Britain 26–0 in front of a crowd of 10,000, the Giants were successful in their first season, finishing with an 8–4 record. In its third season, the finished with the best record in the league at 11–1–1 and was awarded the NFL title. In 1930, there were many who questioned the quality of the professional game. In December 1930, the Giants played a team of Notre Dame All Stars at the Polo Grounds to raise money for the unemployed of New York City and it was also an opportunity to establish the skill and prestige of the pro game. Knute Rockne reassembled his Four Horsemen along with the stars of his 1924 Championship squad and told them to score early, Rockne, like much of the public, thought little of pro football and expected an easy win. But from the beginning it was a one-way contest, with Friedman running for two Giant touchdowns and Hap Moran passing for another, when it was all over, Coach Rockne told his team, That was the greatest football machine I ever saw. I am glad none of you got hurt, the game raised $100,000 for the homeless, and is often credited with establishing the legitimacy of the professional game for those who were critical. It also was the last game the legendary Rockne ever coached, in a 14-year span from 1933 to 1947, the Giants qualified to play in the NFL championship game 8 times, winning twice. During this period the Giants were led by Hall of Fame coach Steve Owen, the period also featured the 1944 Giants, which are ranked as the #1 defensive team in NFL history. a truly awesome unit. They gave up only 7.5 points per game and shut out five of their 10 opponents, though they lost 14-7 to the Green Bay Packers in the 1944 NFL Championship Game. The famous Sneakers Game was played in this era where the Giants defeated the Chicago Bears on an icy field in the 1934 NFL Championship Game, the Giants played the Detroit Lions to a scoreless tie on November 7,1943

6.
Frankford Yellow Jackets
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The Yellow Jackets won the NFL championship in 1926. The team played its games from 1923 in Frankford Stadium in Frankford. The Frankford Athletic Association was organized in May 1899 in the parlor of the Suburban Club, the cost of purchasing a share in the association was $10. However, there were also contributing memberships, ranging from $1 to $2.50, the Association was a community-based non-profit organization of local residents and businesses. In keeping with its charter, which stated that all profits shall be donated to charity, the beneficiaries of this generosity included Frankford Hospital, the Frankford Day Nursery, the local Boy Scouts, and the local American Legion Post 211. The officers of the Association never received a salary or compensation for their work on behalf of the team, the associations clubhouse was originally located at the current site of Frankford High School. The field at this site, known as Wistar Field, became the first official home of the Yellow Jackets, several years later, when the construction of the current high school was proposed, the team moved to Browns Field. The Association initially fielded a team, however soccer and football clubs were also formed. The original Frankford Athletic Association apparently disbanded prior to the 1909 football season, several of the original players from the 1899 football team kept the team together, and they became known as Loyola Athletic Club. In keeping with Yellow Jackets tradition, they carried the Frankford name again in 1912, in the early 1920s, the Frankford Athletic Associations Yellow Jackets gained the reputation as being one of the best independent football teams in the nation. In 1922, Frankford absorbed the Philadelphia City Champion team, the Union Quakers of Philadelphia and that year Frankford captured the unofficial championship of Philadelphia. During the 1922 and 1923 seasons the Yellow Jackets compiled a 6–2–1 record against teams from the National Football League and this led to the Association being granted an NFL franchise in 1924. The Yellow Jackets assembled in September 1924 under coach Punk Berryman to begin preparing for the upcoming season, the team included players Harry Dayhoff, Russ Stein, Joe Spagna, Whitey Thomas, Al Bedner, and Bob Jamison. The team often played 15 to 20 games a season, frequently, they would schedule two games on the same weekend, typically one at home on Saturday and, because of Pennsylvanias blue laws, an away game on Sunday. In their very first game as a member of the NFL, Frankford finished the season with an overall record of 17–3–1, with an 11–2–1 record in league play. They finished third in league standings only behind the Cleveland Bulldogs and Chicago Bears, under modern standings tabulation procedures, after a 9–0–1 start, Frankford lost several key players, including Chamberlin, to injuries. After a 49–0 defeat to the Pottsville Maroons, Frankfords captain Bull Behman was suspended indefinitely from the team for indifferent play and he was accused of not giving his best during the past few weeks because of some dissension with other players. The move helped improve the team, which posted a 13–7 record in league play, the Yellow Jackets had a part in the 1925 NFL Championship controversy

7.
Newark Tornadoes
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The team was based for most of its history in Orange, New Jersey, with many of its later years in Newark. Its last five seasons of existence were as the Orlando Panthers, the NFL franchise was sold back to the league in October 1930. The team had four coaches in its two years in the NFL – Jack Depler in Orange, and Jack Fish, Al McGall. The Orange Tornadoes can trace their roots back to the Orange Athletic Club, the Orange A. C. was originally an amateur football team that began play in 1887. The teams first ever game was a 36–0 loss to Seton Hall University football team, by the 1890s the Orange became a semi-pro team. In 1892, the team practiced under electric lights at night to prepare for an October 8 game against Rutgers College, the Orange A. C. would go on to win that game 22–10. In 1893, the won the American Football Union Championship. In 1902, the Orange A. C. played against Philadelphia Phillies, the team also played in World Series of Football in that year, at Madison Square Garden. These games were the first indoor football games, in 1902, Orange lost to All-Syracuse, 36–0. However the team returned to the World Series of Football in 1903 where they played the Watertown Red & Black and the eventual champion, Orange lost to Watertown, 11–0, and to Franklin, 12–0. However they did manage to defeat the Oreo Athletic Club of Asbury Park, the Orange team became an established independent pro team from 1919 until 1928, under the nickname the Orange AC Golden Tornadoes. During this time, Orange defeated the New York Brickley Giants of the NFL and they also played pre-NFL versions of the Frankford Yellow Jackets and the Staten Island Stapletons. They also played against the Atlantic City Roses and the Millville Big Blue, by 1928, Orange held the New York Giants and Frankford Yellow Jackets to close scores. On September 16,1928 Orange held the 1927 NFL Champion New York Giants to just a 7–0 victory, while a week earlier the NFLs previous champions, the Frankford Yellow Jackets, were held to a 12–0 victory. Orange showed that their team could compete in the NFL, the Tornadoes played their home games at Knights of Columbus Stadium. The first game for the new team was a tie against the New York Giants on September 29,1929. A week later the team recorded their first NFL win by defeating the Boston Bulldogs 7–0, the victory came off a short George Pease pass to Paul Longua who ran 60 yards for a touchdown. However the following week, Orange experienced its first NFL loss during a 7–0 defeat to the 1928 NFL Champions, the team regrouped on October 19,1929, and the Tornandoes held the Frankford Yellow Jackets to a 6–6 tie at Frankford Stadium

8.
Chicago Cardinals
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The professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals previously played in Chicago, Illinois. This article chronicles the history during their time as the Chicago Cardinals from 1920 to 1959. In 1898, Chicago painting and building contractor Chris OBrien established an amateur Chicago-based athletic club football team named the Morgan Athletic Club, OBrien later moved them to Chicagos Normal Park and renamed them the Racine Normals, since Normal Park was located on Racine Avenue in Chicago. In 1901, OBrien bought used maroon uniforms from the University of Chicago and it was then that the team changed its name to the Racine Cardinals. The original Racine Cardinals team disbanded in 1906 mostly for lack of local competition, a professional team under the same name formed in 1913, claiming the previous team as part of their history. As was the case for most professional teams in 1918, the team was forced to suspend operations for a second time due to World War I. They resumed operations later in the year, and have operated continuously. At the time of the founding of the modern National Football League, in 1920, the team became a charter member of the American Professional Football Association, for a franchise fee of $100. The person keeping the minutes of the first league meeting, unfamiliar with the nuances of Chicago football, recorded the Cardinals as from Racine, the team was renamed the Chicago Cardinals in 1922 after a team actually from Racine, Wisconsin entered the league. That season the team moved to Comiskey Park, the Staleys and Cardinals played each other twice in 1920 as the Racine Cardinals and the Decatur Staleys, making their rivalry the oldest in the NFL. They split the series, with the team winning in each. In the Cardinals 7-6 victory over the Staleys in their first meeting of the season, each scored a TD on a fumble recovery. The Cardinals defeat of the Staleys proved critical, since George Halass Staleys went on to a 10-1-2 record overall, 5-1-2 in league play. The Akron Pros were the first ever champions, they finished with an 8-0-3 record, 6-0-3 in league play. Since the Pros merely had to tie the game in order to win the title, had the Staleys not lost to the Cardinals, they would have gone into that fateful game with an 11-0-1 record, 6-0-1 in league play. As it was, it all but assured that the Staleys/Bears, in 1922, the Staleys, now renamed the Bears, went 9-3-0, losing to the Cardinals twice. The Bears still edged the Cardinals for 2nd place in the league, in 1923 and 1924, the Bears got the better of the Cardinals all three times the two teams played. But in 1925, the Bears went 0-1-1 against the Cardinals with the tie meaning the Cardinals were only a ½ game in front of the Pottsville Maroons heading into their fateful 1925 showdown

9.
Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)
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The Brooklyn Dodgers were an American football team that played in the National Football League from 1930 to 1943, and in 1944 as the Brooklyn Tigers. The team played its games at Ebbets Field of. the baseball National Leagues team. Another NFL team that played in the Brooklyn borough was the Brooklyn Lions in 1926, the team began play in 1930 after two Brooklyn businessmen bought the Dayton Triangles for $2,500 and moved the team into Ebbets Field. These two individuals were Bill Dwyer, a past owner of the New York Americans and Pittsburgh Pirates of the National Hockey League, and Jack Depler, Dwyer and Depler then renamed the Triangles the Brooklyn Dodgers, borrowing the name of Brooklyns then major league baseball team. The 1930 Dodgers, built largely from the roster of the 1929 Tornadoes, the high point of their season consisted of a 7–6 upset over the New York Giants at the end of November. The Dodgers star back was Jack McBride, a former Giant and he led the league in scoring with a total of 56 points in 1930. However the 1931 season saw the Dodgers post a 2–12 record, once the season ended, Benny Friedman was brought in as the teams new player-coach. The 1932 season started off promising with wins over the Staten Island Stapletons, however the team soon hit a five-game losing streak. The streak ended with a 3–0 win over the Chicago Cardinals, the Dodgers ended their season 3–9. At the end of the 1932 season, Bill Dwyer had enough of professional football and his three years with the Dodgers had cost him an estimated $30,000. The Dodgers were then purchased by two former New York Giants players, Chris Cagle and John Simms Kelly for $25,000. Cap McEwen, a college football coach, was then brought in to replace Friedman. The 1933 season also saw the NFL split into two divisions, the Dodgers were placed in the Eastern Division. Dodgers had a chance for first place, by posting a 5–2–1 record, the following season Dan Topping bought Chris Cagles half of the team. Topping would later become an owner and president of baseballs New York Yankees, meanwhile, Cagle continued to play in the Brooklyn backfield. However the only story to come out of the season for Brooklyn was the signing of Ralph Kercheval. Kercheval would go on to one of the great NFL kickers. He returned to play for Brooklyn for the seven seasons

10.
1930 Chicago Bears season
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The 1930 Chicago Bears season was the teams 11th regular season completed as a member the National Football League. The club posted a 9–4–1 record under first year head coach Ralph Jones, Jones, a former player, led the team to recover from its ninth-place finish to a respectable third-place finish. The season started badly with a 1–2–1 record over the first four games, after splitting games five and six, the Bears got their winning ways back, finishing the season with 5 straight wins and 7 wins in their last 8 games. The only loss those last 8 games was to eventual champion Green Bay, the secret to the Bears success was new talent in the backfield. All-American and rookie Bronko Nagurski starred at fullback while living legend Red Grange starred at tailback and these two future hall of famers combined for 13 touchdowns overall. Luke Johnsos, in his year, also starred at end. The makings of future championships were in place

11.
Providence, Rhode Island
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Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U. S. state of Rhode Island, founded in 1636, and one of the oldest cities in the United States. It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England, after Boston, Providence has a city population of 179,154, it is also part of the Providence metropolitan area which extends into southern Massachusetts. The Providence metropolitan area has an population of 1,604,291. This can be considered, in turn, to be part of the Greater Boston commuting area, Providence was founded by Roger Williams, a religious exile from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. He named the area in honor of Gods merciful Providence, which he believed was responsible for revealing such a haven for him, the city is situated at the mouth of the Providence River at the head of Narragansett Bay. Providence was one of the first cities in the country to industrialize and became noted for its tool, jewelry. The city was nicknamed the Beehive of Industry, it began rebranding itself as the Creative Capital in 2009 to emphasize its educational resources. The area that is now Providence was first settled in June 1636 by Roger Williams and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies of the United States, Williams and his company felt compelled to withdraw from Massachusetts Bay Colony. Providence quickly became a refuge for persecuted religious dissenters, as Williams himself had been exiled from Massachusetts, Providence residents were among the first Patriots to spill blood in the leadup to the American Revolution during the Gaspée Affair of 1772. Rhode Island was the first of the thirteen colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown on May 4,1776. It was also the last of the thirteen colonies to ratify the United States Constitution on May 29,1790, following the war, Providence was the countrys ninth-largest city with 7,614 people. The economy shifted from maritime endeavors to manufacturing, in particular machinery, tools, silverware, jewelry, by the start of the 20th century, Providence boasted some of the largest manufacturing plants in the country, including Brown & Sharpe, Nicholson File, and Gorham Silverware. Providence residents ratified a city charter in 1831 as the population passed 17,000. From its incorporation as a city in 1832 until 1878, the seat of city government was located in the Market House, located in Market Square, the city offices quickly outgrew this building, and the City Council resolved to create a permanent municipal building in 1845. The city offices moved into the City Hall in 1878, during the Civil War, local politics split over slavery as many had ties to Southern cotton. Despite ambivalence concerning the war, the number of military volunteers routinely exceeded quota, by the early 1900s, Providence was one of the wealthiest cities in the United States. Immigrant labor powered one of the nations largest industrial manufacturing centers, Providence was a major manufacturer of industrial products from steam engines to precision tools to silverware, screws, and textiles. From 1975 until 1982, $606 million of local and national Community Development funds were invested throughout the city.4 million ft² Providence Place Mall, despite new investment, poverty remains an entrenched problem as it does in most post-industrial New England cities

12.
Rhode Island
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Rhode Island, officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Rhode Island is the smallest in area, the eighth least populous, and its official name is also the longest of any state in the Union. Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west, Massachusetts to the north and east, the state also shares a short maritime border with New York. It boycotted the 1787 convention that drew up the United States Constitution, on May 29,1790, Rhode Island became the 13th and last state to ratify the Constitution. Rhode Islands official nickname is The Ocean State, a reference to the fact that the state has several large bays, Rhode Island covers 1,214 square miles, of which 1,045 square miles are land. Despite its name, most of Rhode Island is located on the mainland of the United States, the official name of the state is State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, which is derived from the merger of four settlements. Rhode Island is now commonly called Aquidneck Island, the largest of several islands in Narragansett Bay, Providence Plantation was the name of the colony founded by Roger Williams in the area now known as the city of Providence. This was adjoined by the settlement of Warwick, hence the plural Providence Plantations and it is unclear how Aquidneck Island came to be known as Rhode Island, although there are two popular theories. Explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano noted the presence of an island near the mouth of Narragansett Bay in 1524, subsequent European explorers were unable to precisely identify the island that Verrazzano had named, but the Pilgrims who later colonized the area assumed that it was Aquidneck. A second theory concerns the fact that Adriaen Block passed by Aquidneck during his expeditions in the 1610s, historians have theorized that this reddish appearance resulted from either red autumn foliage or red clay on portions of the shore. The earliest documented use of the name Rhode Island for Aquidneck was in 1637 by Roger Williams, the name was officially applied to the island in 1644 with these words, Aquethneck shall be henceforth called the Isle of Rodes or Rhode-Island. The name Isle of Rodes is used in a document as late as 1646. Dutch maps as early as 1659 call the island Red Island, Williams was a theologian forced out of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Seeking religious and political tolerance, he and others founded Providence Plantation as a proprietary colony. Providence referred to the concept of providence, and plantation was an English term for a colony. State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations is the longest official name of any state in the Union, advocates for excising plantation asserted that the word specifically referred to the British colonial practice of establishing settlements which disenfranchised native people. Advocates for retaining the name argued that plantation was simply an archaic English synonym for colony, the referendum election was held on November 2,2010, and the people voted overwhelmingly to retain the entire original name. It shares a maritime border with New York State between Block Island and Long Island

13.
Eddie N. Robinson
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Edward North Robbie Robinson was a head football coach at University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Brown University, and University of Maine. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1955 and he later coached professionally in 1931 in the National Football League for the Providence Steam Roller. Under Robinson, the Steam Roller finished the 1931 season 4–4–3 record, prior to his coaching career, Robinson was selected by Walter Camp in 1895 as a Third Team All-American, while playing at Brown. Eddie N. Robinson at the College Football Hall of Fame Eddie N. Robinson at the College Football Data Warehouse

Jimmy Conzelman
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James Gleason Dunn Conzelman was an American football player and coach, baseball executive, and advertising executive. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1964 and was selected in 1969 as a quarterback on the National Football League 1920s All-Decade Team. A native of St. Louis, Conzelman played college football for the 1918 Great

1.
Jimmy Conzelman

NFL
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The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference. The NFL is one of the four professional sports leagues in North America. The NFLs 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after C

1.
The headquarters of the National Football League at 345 Park Avenue, Midtown Manhattan, New York City, U.S.

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National Football League

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The Akron Pros won the first APFA (NFL) Championship.

4.
NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell

Providence Steam Roller
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The Providence Steam Roller was a professional American football team based in Providence, Rhode Island in the National Football League from 1925 to 1931. Providence was the first New England team to win an NFL championship, the Steam Roller won the leagues championship in 1928. They are the last team to win a championship and no longer be in the l

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1928 World Champions pennant.

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Providence Steam Roller

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1931 program between the "Steam Rollers" and Green Bay Packers

National Football League
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The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference. The NFL is one of the four professional sports leagues in North America. The NFLs 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after C

1.
The headquarters of the National Football League at 345 Park Avenue, Midtown Manhattan, New York City, U.S.

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National Football League

3.
The Akron Pros won the first APFA (NFL) Championship.

4.
NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell

New York Giants
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The New York Giants are a professional American football team located in the New York metropolitan area. The Giants compete in the National Football League as a club of the leagues National Football Conference East division. The team plays its games at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey. The Giants hold their training camp at the Quest

1.
Al Blozis, Giants tackle, died in World War II. According to Mel Hein, "If he hadn't been killed, he could have been the greatest tackle who ever played football."

Frankford Yellow Jackets
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The Yellow Jackets won the NFL championship in 1926. The team played its games from 1923 in Frankford Stadium in Frankford. The Frankford Athletic Association was organized in May 1899 in the parlor of the Suburban Club, the cost of purchasing a share in the association was $10. However, there were also contributing memberships, ranging from $1 to

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1926 Championship Team Photo

2.
Frankford Yellow Jackets

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Stockton and Moran Yellow Jackets 1926

Newark Tornadoes
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The team was based for most of its history in Orange, New Jersey, with many of its later years in Newark. Its last five seasons of existence were as the Orlando Panthers, the NFL franchise was sold back to the league in October 1930. The team had four coaches in its two years in the NFL – Jack Depler in Orange, and Jack Fish, Al McGall. The Orange

1.
Orange Athletic Club in 1894. This team evolved into the Orange Tornadoes of the NFL.

Chicago Cardinals
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The professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals previously played in Chicago, Illinois. This article chronicles the history during their time as the Chicago Cardinals from 1920 to 1959. In 1898, Chicago painting and building contractor Chris OBrien established an amateur Chicago-based athletic club football team named the

1.
The Chicago Cardinals in 1920.

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First logo, introduced in 1920 and used until 1934.

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The 1921 Chicago Cardinals.

Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)
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The Brooklyn Dodgers were an American football team that played in the National Football League from 1930 to 1943, and in 1944 as the Brooklyn Tigers. The team played its games at Ebbets Field of. the baseball National Leagues team. Another NFL team that played in the Brooklyn borough was the Brooklyn Lions in 1926, the team began play in 1930 afte

1.
Dr. John B. "Jock" Sutherland, coach of the Dodgers from 1940.

2.
Brooklyn Dodgers

1930 Chicago Bears season
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The 1930 Chicago Bears season was the teams 11th regular season completed as a member the National Football League. The club posted a 9–4–1 record under first year head coach Ralph Jones, Jones, a former player, led the team to recover from its ninth-place finish to a respectable third-place finish. The season started badly with a 1–2–1 record over

1.
1920s – 1930s

Providence, Rhode Island
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Providence is the capital of and most populous city in the U. S. state of Rhode Island, founded in 1636, and one of the oldest cities in the United States. It is located in Providence County and is the third most populous city in New England, after Boston, Providence has a city population of 179,154, it is also part of the Providence metropolitan a

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From top left: Downtown Providence skyline and the Providence River from the Point Street Bridge, Federal Hill, University Hall at Brown University, Roger Williams Park, the First Baptist Church in America, WaterFire at Waterplace Park, and the Rhode Island State House.

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First Baptist Church in America, founded 1638, present building occupied in 1776, is the oldest Baptist congregation in America

3.
Providence in the mid-nineteenth century

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Market Square was the center of civic life in the 19th Century, and Market House was home to the city council before City Hall was built.

Rhode Island
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Rhode Island, officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Rhode Island is the smallest in area, the eighth least populous, and its official name is also the longest of any state in the Union. Rhode Island is bordered by Connecticut to the west, Massachusett

1.
Verrazzano Monument, Providence, Rhode Island.

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Flag

3.
Terrain Map of Rhode Island

4.
Shoreline in Newport, Rhode Island

Eddie N. Robinson
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Edward North Robbie Robinson was a head football coach at University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Brown University, and University of Maine. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1955 and he later coached professionally in 1931 in the National Football League for the Providence Steam Roller. Under Robinson, the Steam Roller finished the