tourism essay

Tourism And Hospitality Management Tourism Essay

Published: 23, March 2015

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The public sector in tourism and hospitality industry plays important role in the development of small businesses. This sector is highly important in micro sector development of the industry. The services of public sector of the tourism and hospitality industry include strategic directions that are important for the overall coherent development of the industry (Teo, 2003).

The private sector of the tourism and hospitality industry plays important role in the active and passive development of the industry. This sector plays important role for transforming money from one country to the other. This sector is highly important for the economic development of tourism and hospitality industry (Teo, 2003).

The third sector of tourism and hospitality industry is voluntary tourism which refers to paid activities such as formal businesses (Teo, 2003). This sector play role in terms of local communities such as difficulties regarding resident involvement.

1.2 Evaluate a range of different tourism and hospitality sectors and the organization that operate within them

The tourism and hospitality industry is very broad industry which also includes service sectors such as restaurants, logging, event management, theme parks, transportations and other additional fields. The tourism and hospitality industry accounts for several billions across the world which depends on the disposal income of customers to facilitate them in leisure time. On the other hand, hospitality sector of the tourism and hospitality industry such as hotel, restaurant and other groups may also be included.

On the whole, the tourism and hospitality industry can be divided into eight major segments. These are:

Accommodation

Events and Conferences

Adventure Tourism and Recreation

Tourism Services

Attractions

Transportation

Food and Beverage

Travel Trade

Analyze stakeholders roles within tourism and hospitality industry

The individuals, organizations or groups that have interest or stake in an organization are termed as stakeholders. Practices of organizations can have long lasting impact on the interests of stakeholders. Therefore, it is very important to analyze the interests of stakeholders. In tourism and hospitality industry, the organizations or individuals who have put capital or efforts in the establishment or development of the industry can be referred to stakeholders of the industry. In addition to this, different stakeholders in private and public sector organizations in tourism and hospitality industry can exist (Belinda, 2008). Businesses in tourism, government and communities can have stake in the tourism and hospitality industry. Tourists cannot be considered as actual stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry because they do not make significant money through this industry. On the other hand, they can influence the practices of the tourism and hospitality industry because they are involved in the industry from different aspects. Some of the stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry are as follows:

Government:

The most important stakeholder of the tourism and hospitality industry is government because policies and regulations of the tourism and hospitality industry are shaped by the government. In context of overall tourism and hospitality industry, government influences the practices of organizations in following respects (Belinda, 2008):

By consultation with the private sector and other communities, it plans the policies of the tourism industry

It ensures that the organizations in tourism and hospitality industry follow the planned policies and regulations

It provides support in financial terms and guidance to the companies in tourism and hospitality industry

It ensures that stability and law and order situation of the country for attracting tourists

Industrialists:

Industrialists are also very important stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry. Industrialists include travel agencies, organizations in the industry, and transport agencies. The organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry include hotels, restaurants, and shopping centers. The practices of all these organizations can affect the operations of the tourism and hospitality industry, as a whole. Industrialists can have following interests in the tourism and hospitality industry:

To make investment in the tourism and hospitality industry

To market their products and services in different organizations in tourism and hospitality industry such as hotels, restaurants and shopping centers

To influence the companies for promoting their products and services

Customers/tourists:

Customers or tourists are also important stakeholders in the tourism and hospitality industry. This group of stakeholders demands value, quality and high customer care. These are the major source of money for the organizations operating in the tourism and hospitality industry (Belinda, 2008).

Employees:

Employees are the internal stakeholders of the tourism and hospitality industry. They have high level interest in the internal policies of the tourism and hospitality industry. They demand quality work environment, job security, compensation and truthful communication in the organizations (Belinda, 2008).

Local Communities:

In tourism and hospitality industry, local communities are important stakeholders. This is because they attract tourists and impact on their intentions of visiting a particular place. They can have stake in the tourism and hospitality industry in terms of job security, environment protection, promotion of local products and services and promotion of local culture and values.

1.4 Analyze the nature of changes to the structure of tourism industry over last 15 years?

Over the last fifteen years, several changes have occurred in the tourism and hospitality industry. These changes may include

change in oil prices which led to changes in charges of fuel in airlines

Increased capacity of aviation on different routes which attract tourists to the tourism and hospitality industry

low international airfares and cheap packages of travel with discounts which attract tourists towards the tourism and hospitality industry

Trends in consumer demographics which change the behavior of customers for tourism

law and order situation in different countries

Terrorism factor which reduces the tourism in certain countries

On the whole, trends in demographics of customers impact the consumer behavior in the tourism and hospitality industry. It is important for the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry to make important steps regarding strategic management relevant to these changes. Organizations should make relevant policies to attract customers.

Task Two: Marketing Report

2.1 Analyse issues around sustainability and sustainable development in tourism and apply management strategies accordingly

The sustainable issues in the tourism and hospitality industry refer to the environment protection. It is important for the organizations to apply certain policies regarding these issues to resolve the problems and disagreements. In the global context, the sustainability issues are very important. Organizations need to develop relevant strategies regarding the sustainable development. On the long term basis, organizations need to develop local as well as global strategies for attracting customers and ensuring sustainable development. This is because of integration of sustainable issues across the world. There are many issues in local context which may impact the sustainability in global aspects. Therefore, organizations should integrate their local and global strategies for ensuring sustainability in global tourism and hospitality industry.

2.2 Evaluate certain ways in which tourism can be managed in a sustainable way with reference to given examples

There are three major ways through which sustainability issues in global tourism and hospitality industry. These are:

Resource based tradition: In this method limitations to growth in hospitality industry are evaluated in resource context

Activity based tradition: This refers to the transformation of hospitality industry on dynamic activities

Community based tradition: This refers to the integration of resources and activities in the hospitality industry

2.3 Apply principles of corporate social responsibility to a chosen tourism business

The corporate social responsibility refers to the commitment of the business to ethical and economic development. In tourism and hospitality industry, corporate social responsibility issues are highly important. These issues relate to the health and safety conditions. Moreover, commitment towards employees, customers and shareholders are also included in this context (Bhattacharya, 2011). The Savoy Hotel needs to be commitment towards environment in broad sense to fulfill its responsibility towards society. On the whole, Savoy Hotel needs to show its responsibility towards following sectors:

Workplace

Community

Marketplace

Environment

Task Three: Market Research

3.1 Apply PESTLE analysis to describe the main trends in global tourism industry

A business tool that evaluates the different factors of external environment of an organization is termed as PESTEL analysis. This tool analyzes the political, environmental, social, technological, legal and economic perspectives of the environment in which organizations operate. In perspective of tourism and hospitality industry, this tool determines that whether the industry is suitable or not for investment (Miriam, 2011). The PESTEL analysis of global tourism and hospitality industry is as follows:

Political Factors

Political factors refer to the extent to which government impacts the operations of the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry. The important political factors such as health protection laws, tax rates, law and order situation and political stability can influence the operations of the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry. In the global context, political situation in the Middle East can impact the tourism. Moreover, in countries like Afghanistan and Pakistan, where terrorism threats are high, tourism and hospitality industry is declining.

Economic Factors

Economic factors cal also the operations of the tourism and hospitality industry. These factors can influence the revenues and expenses of the organizations operating in the tourism and hospitality industry. The prices of products, raw materials and inflation can impact the industry. Rates of interest and exchange rates can also influence the industry. Financial downturn in the world decreased the purchasing power of the customers and tourists. In this way, overall revenues of the tourism and hospitality industry were impacted in that financial crisis.

Social Factors

Social factors may have long lasting impact on the practices of organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry. Health conscious behavior of customers may impact their purchasing behavior in the hotels and restaurant segment of the tourism and hospitality industry (Butler, 2004). Culture and religious practices of people in a particular country may also impact the practices of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry.

Technological Factors

Technological practices impact the demand and supply factors in the tourism and hospitality industry. Technological efficiency in the tourism and hospitality industry may enhance the demand. If the food technology is efficient in the tourism and hospitality industry, organizations in the restaurants and hotels can have high demand from customers. Organizations can prepare food quickly to meet the demand. Technology may also impact the relationship of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry with the customers. Efficient technologies can impact customer relationship management in the tourism and hospitality industry.

Environmental Issues

There are several environmental factors which influence the practices of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry. Packaging decisions are the major considerations in the tourism and hospitality industry. The practices of organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry which cause pollution may impact the image of the organizations in global context. Global warming, climatic conditions in different regions can also influence the practices of organizations in tourism and hospitality industry.

Legal Issues

There are many legal issues which impact the policies of tourism and hospitality industry. Rules and regulations regarding food practices can impact the organizations in restaurant sector of the tourism and hospitality industry. Laws regarding operating business in a foreign country can also impact the operations of the tourism and hospitality industry.

3.2 Distinguish between the elements of macro and micro environment

The macro environment of an organization is a broad environment which aims at the investigation of major issues. This environment is basically refers to PESTEL environment analysis that allows the researchers to focus at the factors which impact a business in external and broad environment context. These factors may include economic, social, technological, political, environmental and legal factors. These factors impact the organization in different contexts. It is very important for the organizations to adapt to these factors in an effective manner. The results of PESTEL analysis allow the organization to see the factors where its strengths can be capitalized.

Micro environment refers to a small environment which aims at investigation of a research problem in a small perspective. This environment refers to new patterns of organizations. This environment may include internal and small external environment of an organization. Internal environment may include employees and management. On the other hand, external environment may include suppliers, customers, and competitors. Both types of environment are highly important for the organizations to see their effectiveness for the operations of the business.

3.3 Analyze the effects of macro and micro environmental factors on tourism organization

Political factors: Improvement in the trade barriers and opening of new tourism avenues can enhance the scope of Sovay Hotel for tourism (McKercher, 1993)

Economic factors: Low bargaining power of customers and clients reduce the tourism revenues of Sovay Hotel

Environmental factors: high concerns of environment such as pollution influence the Sovay Hotel to mold its practices in environment friendly mode

Legal factors: Laws and regulations in tourism industry impact the Sovay Hotel to mold its practices according to laws

Social factors: behaviors of customers towards healthy food impacts the policies of Sovay Hotel to offer healthy food to customers

Technological factors: improvement in technologies and transportation influence the Sovay Hotel to reframe its practices for attracting customers and tourists

4. Task Four: Sustainability & Corporate Social Responsibility

4.1 Evaluate the stages of market research process

Defining the Problem or Need:

The first stage of the market research process is defining the problem or need. Before conducting the market research, the organizations in the tourism and hospitality industry need to identify the main problem or need of the research. They need to conduct investigation to discuss the need of conducting research and define the problems of the organizations. This stage defines the problems or issues that prevail in the organizations and hinder its performance. In order to find the solution of the problems, research is conducted.

Deciding the researcher

After defining the problem or need of the research in the organization, the next stage is to decide about the researcher who will conduct the research to resolve the prevailing issues. This stage refers to the formulation of analytical framework or methodology for conducting the research. The researcher creates case studies of the organization to make exact framework for the research.

Deciding the methodology

After defining problem and researcher, the next step is to decide about the methodology of the research. This stage refers to the exploration of different methodologies and frameworks for conducting research. These frameworks may include interview, survey or secondary data. It is very important to decide appropriate methodology relevant to the need of the market research. Relevant methodology aims at finding exact solution of the prevailing problems of the organizations (Baker, 2000). There can be qualitative or qualitative methodology for conducting the research. In qualitative methods, discussions are conducted with the relevant members for finding the solution of the prevailing problems. Qualitative methodology refers to the investigation of the problems in theoretical manner. On the other hand, quantitative methodology aims at finding the solution f research problems in quantitative terms. This methodology aims at investigating the research problems in numeric terms. Survey is the best tool for conducting quantitative research. There is another methodology which is used to conduct market research. This methodology is mix f qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Many researchers suggest that mixed methodology is effective for finding the justified and logical answers of research questions.

Data Collection Process

After deciding the research methodology and researcher, the next stage is the data collection process. At this stage, research design is produced for the research. This stage defines the appropriate framework through which research is planned. Aims and objectives of the research are defined at this stage of market research (Saunders et al., 2009). This stage defines that what type of data is to be included in the research. Basically, there are two types of data i.e. primary and secondary. Primary data is the data which does not exists in the earlier records. This type of data is collected for the first time. This data is the most fresh and recent data. Researchers need this data to find the solution of problems. The advantages of this type of data are low biasness, relevance and logical results of research problems. On the other hand, secondary data is the data which exists in the earlier records. This type of data exists in the books, articles and other data bases. Researchers include this data in the research to investigate the issues in theoretical terms. In order to investigate the research problem through secondary data, researchers study existing theories and models regarding the problem. This data is easy to collect. There are specific tools for collecting primary and secondary data. In order to collect primary data, survey, interview, focus group discussions or observations are used. On the other hand, secondary data can be collected through books, articles, newspapers and reports. Whatever the data is, the important consideration is to adopt relevant data tool which can investigate the research problem in effective manner.

Data Analysis

After collection of data, the next stage is to analyze data to find the answers if research questions in an effective manner. At this stage, data analysis techniques are discussed and decided. Data analysis must be relevant to the aims and objectives and research methodology. If data analysis technique is irrelevant to research methodology, justified and logical answers of research question cannot be obtained. Before analyzing data, it is important to present data in tables and appropriate transcripts so that reader can get deep insight of the research. Data analysis must be very effective so that relevant individuals can get benefits from the research findings. If analysis is not appropriate, management cannot get benefit from the market research to decide the solution of problems prevailing in the organizations.

Conclusion and Presenting the Report

The last stage of market research process is presentation of data and conclusion. This stage is highly important for the researchers as well as for management who are responsible for deriving answers of research questions. It is very important for the researchers to present the findings in an effective manner so that management can take decisions regarding the prevailing problems in the organization. The researcher needs to communicate the findings of the research in an effective manner. In market research, management does not take interest in the details of the research process but takes high interest in the findings and conclusion. This is because management has to take decisions regarding prevailing organizational problems. Therefore, if findings are not presented logically and effectively, management's effectiveness in decision making is impact. It is very important for the researcher to present logical and justified recommendations regarding the research problems so that management can take help in decision making.

4.2 Provide a justified proposal for a suitable market research plan for a given organization

For the Savoy Hotel, following research plan is proposed in the following stages:

Aim and Objectives

Data Collection

Data Analysis

Results and Conclusion

Recommendations

In analyzing services provided by Savoy hotel elegant décor services with stylish Italian architecture for key attraction has been provided. The Florence atmosphere with classic marble and mosaic bathrooms with enjoyable and exhilarating experience attracts customers all around.

4.3 Understand the difference between qualitative and quantitative research and evaluate when each might be appropriate

Qualitative research is basically exploratory research which aims at obtaining reasons, motivations and opinions regarding the research questions. This type of research is conducted through development of hypothesis in quantitative terms (Saunders et al., 2009). This research is used to discover the thoughts, trends and opinions regarding a particular research problem. Qualitative research methods investigate a particular problem in theoretical terms; there are different methods which are used to conduct qualitative research. These methods may include semi structured interviews, observations and focus group discussions. In order to conduct qualitative research, small research sample is selected from the entire population.

On the other hand, quantitative research codifies the research problem through numerical data which can be converted into appropriate statistics. This research method is applied in market research to identify the attitudes, behaviors, opinions and suggestions in quantitative terms. The aim of this type of research is to generalize the results on a large sample (Russ and Preskill, 2001). Quantitative research is used to uncover the aims and objectives of the research in quantitative terms. There are several methods through which quantitative research can be conducted. These methods may include surveys, face to face interviews, website interceptors and online polls.

This type of research focuses on quantities and numeric for finding the solution of research problems. On the basis of statistics and numeric analysis, quantitative research finds the answers of research questions. On the other hand, qualitative research focuses on qualities such as behaviors and attitudes in real manner. The results of qualitative research are presented theoretically rather than numerically (Russ and Preskill, 2001). Quantitative research is applied at the scenarios where aim is to generalize the result on a large population. On the other hand, qualitative research methods are applied on the scenarios where aim is to discover problem in an organizational setting and find solution of problems.

4.4 Evaluate different research methodologies based upon a given scenario

There are different types of research methodologies which are implemented on particular scenarios. Each research methodology focuses on particular aims and objectives (Saunders et al., 2009). Some of the research methodologies are as follows:

Quaitative research

This is first type of qualitative research methodology which refers to investigation of the research problem in theoretical terms. This type of research methodology aims at investigation of research problem in words. In social sciences, qualitative research is conducted. This type of research is conducted in a natural setting so that researchers can get deep insight of the research problem.

Quantitative research

The second type of research methodology is quantitative research which is used to determine the relationship between different factors. The nature of relationship is quantitative.

Mixed research

Mixed methodology refers to mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. This type of research methodology is recommended by the researchers for finding logical and justified answers of research questions.

Action research

This research model refers to studying a particular problem and accomplishing its aims at the same time (Saunders et al., 2009).

Conclusion & Recommendation

Explain each of the 7PS and apply them to a chosen organization

Product:

The Sovay hotel offers services to customers with hotel, restaurants and accommodation service that manage business activities in effective manner.

Mayan, Hawaiian culture with resort, games and museum attractions were offered

Fairmont Golf

Luxury, lodging and property facility for elegant accommodation

Fairmont gift cards

Award winning restaurants, denomination and currency spas

Celebration life

Favorable places for positive celebration of life experience

Physical Evidence:

The services of hotel and restaurants in Canada, United states, Asia, Europe, Mexico, Caribbean and Bermuda, Middle East and Africa in different regions attracts customers. In areas like Dubai, Jakarta, Moscow, Riyadh ,Baku ,Austin and Amman attracts customers all over region.

People:

On website (http://www.fairmont.com/explore/family/) in different languages like English, France, Denmark, Arabic and Chinese were offered. Login and search offers were presented in accordance with family travel, restaurants and bars.

Process:

Facilities were offered with appropriate customer needs and advancement. Most of people all over region gain information through web portals as featured offers like celebrations, culture, discovery, family, food and wine, green and internet were offered.

Evaluate the four segmentation criteria and be able to recommend a suitable market segment for a given organization

Savoy hotel is famous for excitement and glamorous sparkling services to customers all over region. People of every cast, sect and culture had been offered with excellent services of like guest services including babysitting, bell staff, check in\out, housekeeping and pet policy. Business service offered includes CD burning, DVD playing, High speed internet access, Microsoft application and VAT refunding service. Similarly Butler services for in-suite check-in and orientation, drink on arrival, complimentary pressing, wake -up call system, dressing service, travelling consultant and personal shopping to entertain services were offered. Wedding planning and event management system for private rooms, Banqueting rooms and high class customer services to entertain customers were offered. Special promotion offers with customer needs and wants for promotion and money compensation for presenting positive image were offered. Dinning, meeting and photo entertainment facility that improves customer attraction manage to gather user attention. Signature offers SANTA Monica, Bab AL Bahr, Fairmont Le Chateau Frontenac and Jasper park lodging service to attract target audience manage to attract customers. SPA and bathing offers to attract customer and made them treatment oriented for perfect customer association with user demand. The differentiation strategy to entertain customers all over region manages to attract customers all over region. The management of hotel and restaurant facility establishes positive word of mouth .Online customer facility was provided to entertain target audience with effective management and operation.

Special offers to attract customers from all over region like festive occasion based, celebrations, family, discovery oriented, internet facility, food beverages to entertain customers and provide them excellent customized service. The business had been expanded all over region like in Canada, United Kingdom, China, Egypt, Germany, Mexico, India, Kenya, Saudi Arab, South Africa and United States with entertainment and resource planning facility. Fairmont Gold facility, travel, cruise facility and residential service to entertain customers and provide them all kind of services. In other regions like Arabian countries business expansion is taking place with effective customer orientation. Health club access with local and international call facilities, newspaper and personalized recognition to manage promotion campaigns with life style and passion attracts customers. Guarantee customer services with public demand on great rates and offers were provided that attracts customers. Services were guaranteed as credit and benefits for Fairmont moments to attract audience with personalized membership were offered. Club membership offers and account activation services to entertain customers were provided that attract target audience. Special membership events for musical performance manage to attract audience. Sports and adventure with enthusiasm and spectator attention entertains customers. The special offers with celebration, Golf and Spa facility with reservation package

management and entertainment gathers target audience attention. Wedding service, accommodation and travelling facility with dining, meeting and events and loyalty programs were offered. The services were offered in accordance with customer's needs and wants as they help in providing positive credited services.

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