The osseous framework of the ventromedial cranial base is made up of the caudal segment of the clivus, the upper portion of the dens, the medial component of the occipital condyle, and both the superior articular facet and the anterior tubercle of C1.

Ligamentous laxity, large size of the head relative to the body, relative weakness of the cervical musculature, and hypoplastic occipital condyles predispose children less than 10 years of age to atlanto-occipital injury.

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