Research on Pathways to Desistance [Maricopa County, AZ and Philadelphia County, PA]: Subject Measures, 2000-2010 (ICPSR 29961)

The Pathways to Desistance study was a multi-site study that followed 1,354 serious juvenile offenders from adolescence to young adulthood in two locales between the years 2000 and 2010. Enrolled into the study were adjudicated youths from the juvenile and adult court systems in Maricopa County (Phoenix), Arizona (N=654) and Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania (N=700).Respondents were enrolled and baseline interviews conducted from November 2000 to January 2003. Follow-up interviews were then scheduled with the respondents at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 84 months past their baseline interview.The enrolled youth were at least 14 years old and under 18 years old at the time of their committing offense and were found guilty of a serious offense (predominantly felonies, with a few exceptions for some misdemeanor property offenses, sexual assault, or weapons offenses).
The baseline interview was conducted within 75 days of the youth's adjudication hearing. For youths in the adult system, the baseline interview was conducted within 90 days of either (a) the decertification hearing in Philadelphia, a hearing at which it is determined if the case will remain in adult court or if it will be sent back to juvenile court; or (b) the adult arraignment hearing in Phoenix, the point in the Arizona adult system at which charges have been formally presented.
The aims of the investigation were to identify initial patterns of how serious adolescent offenders stop antisocial activity, to describe the role of social context and developmental changes in promoting these positive changes, and to compare the effects of sanctions and interventions in promoting these changes. The larger goals of the Pathways to Desistance study were to improve decision-making by court and social service personnel and to clarify policy debates about alternatives for serious adolescent offenders. The study relied primarily on self-report information from study participants.
Each wave of data collection covered six domains: (1) background characteristics (e.g., demographics, academic achievement, psychiatric diagnoses, offense history, neurological functioning, psychopathy, personality), (2) indicators of individual functioning (e.g., work and school status and performance, substance abuse, mental disorder, antisocial behavior), (3) psychosocial development and attitudes (e.g., impulse control, susceptibility to peer influence, perceptions of opportunity, perceptions of procedural justice, moral disengagement), (4) family context (e.g., household composition, quality of family relationships), (5) personal relationships (e.g., quality of romantic relationships and friendships, peer delinquency, contacts with caring adults), and (6) community context (e.g., neighborhood conditions, personal capital, and community involvement). Information about the measures used to capture this information can be found on the Pathways to Desistance website.

The Pathways to Desistance study was a multi-site study that followed 1,354 serious juvenile offenders from adolescence to young adulthood in two locales between the years 2000 and 2010. Enrolled into the study were adjudicated youths from the juvenile and adult court systems in Maricopa County (Phoenix), Arizona (N=654) and Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania (N=700).

Respondents were enrolled and baseline interviews conducted from November 2000 to January 2003. Follow-up interviews were then scheduled with the respondents at 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 60, 72 and 84 months past their baseline interview.

The enrolled youth were at least 14 years old and under 18 years old at the time of their committing offense and were found guilty of a serious offense (predominantly felonies, with a few exceptions for some misdemeanor property offenses, sexual assault, or weapons offenses).

The baseline interview was conducted within 75 days of the youth's adjudication hearing. For youths in the adult system, the baseline interview was conducted within 90 days of either (a) the decertification hearing in Philadelphia, a hearing at which it is determined if the case will remain in adult court or if it will be sent back to juvenile court; or (b) the adult arraignment hearing in Phoenix, the point in the Arizona adult system at which charges have been formally presented.

The aims of the investigation were to identify initial patterns of how serious adolescent offenders stop antisocial activity, to describe the role of social context and developmental changes in promoting these positive changes, and to compare the effects of sanctions and interventions in promoting these changes. The larger goals of the Pathways to Desistance study were to improve decision-making by court and social service personnel and to clarify policy debates about alternatives for serious adolescent offenders. The study relied primarily on self-report information from study participants.

Study Description

Citation

Mulvey, Edward P. Research on Pathways to Desistance [Maricopa County, AZ and Philadelphia County, PA]: Subject Measures, 2000-2010. ICPSR29961-v2. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2013-01-07. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR29961.v2

The baseline file's section for offense history, which was self-reported, has been masked for confidentiality reasons. However, the section does include two variables (age at first arrest and number of arrests) merged from the official records that were obtained as part of the larger Pathways project. The complete official records data will be released by ICPSR at a later date.

Other measures were taken to protect the confidentiality of the respondents. A list of the steps taken is included in the front of each PDF codebook.

Each datafile contains approximately 45 to 50 sections or groups of variables. These groups are listed in the PDF codebooks as bookmarks. In the front of each codebook is a crosswalk listing these groups to show which sections were repeated across time. Most of the variables in a group are the same in a subsequent wave's group. The variable names are the same with the exception of the first two characters which designate what wave the variable belongs to: S0 for the baseline file; S1 for the 6 month follow-up; S2 for the 12 month follow-up; and so forth.

Methodology

Sample:

Six potential cities/counties were investigated for potential selection before Phoenix and Philadelphia were finalized. These two areas were selected due to containing (a) high enough rates of serious crime committed by juveniles; (b) a diverse racial/ethnic mix of potential participants; (c) a sizable enough number of female offenders; (d) a contrast in the way the systems operate; (e) political support for the study and cooperation from the practitioners in the juvenile and criminal justice systems; and (f) the presence of experienced research collaborators to oversee the data collection.

Youth were selected for potential enrollment after a review of court files in each locale revealed that they had been adjudicated (found guilty) of a serious offense. Eligible crimes included all felony offenses with the exception of less serious property crimes, as well as misdemeanor weapons offenses and misdemeanor sexual assault.

Drug offenses constitute a large proportion of all offenses committed by youth. And males comprise the vast majority of youth who are charged with drug offenses. Therefore the study instituted a capped proportion of males with drug offenses to 15 percent of the sample at each site.

All females who met the age and adjudicated crime requirements, or any youth whose case was being considered for trial in the adult court system, were eligible for enrollment regardless if the charged crime was a drug offense.

Time Method:
Longitudinal: Panel

Weight:
none

Mode of Data Collection:
computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI)

Response Rates:

During the enrollment period (November 2000 to January 2003) 10,461 individuals who met the age and petitioned charge criteria were processed in the court systems in Philadelphia and Phoenix. In 5,382 of the these cases (51 percent) the youth was found not guilty or had the charges reduced below a felony-level offense at adjudication. Another 1,272 cases were dropped (12 percent) from consideration because the court data were insufficient to determine the person's eligibility status at adjudication.

Of the remaining 3,807 eligible cases 1,799 (47 percent) were excluded from consideration due to potential case overload of the local interviewer or the 15 percent threshhold of drug offenders was close to being breached.

This resulted in 2,008 youths who were approached for inclusion into the study. Of those youths who were approached 1,354 consented and participated (67 percent).

Over the course of the 7-year follow-up period, there were 864 respondents (63.8 percent) were located and interviewed for 10 of 10 possible interviews. An additional 309 youths (22.8 percent) were located and interviewed for 8 or 9 out of 10 possible interviews. Conversely, there were 17 (1.3 percent) respondents who didn't participate in any additional surveys and another 22 (1.6 percent) who only were located and and interviewed for just 1 or 2 follow-up of the 10 possible follow-up interviews. These numbers do not adjust for 91 participants who either died (n=48) or refused continued participation (n=43) of the study over the course of the 7-year follow-up period.

Overall the study was able to achieve an average of 89.5 percent for each follow-up interview.

Presence of Common Scales:

This study used over 50 different scales. More detailed information about the scales is available on the Constructs page of the Pathways to Desistance Web site.

Extent of Processing: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of
disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major
statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to
these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection:

Created online analysis version with question text.

Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes.

Restrictions: Users are reminded that these data are to be used solely for statistical analysis and reporting of aggregated information, and not for the investigation of specific individuals or organizations.

Version(s)

Original ICPSR Release: 2012-08-20

Version History:

2016-03-14 Updated variables labels for parts 2 through 11

2013-01-07 Added parts 2 through 11 which contain the data files for the 10 follow-up interviews that took place.

S0 Services: D/A: Ever have an overnight stay
The subject has had an overnight stay in a Drug or Alcohol facility.
MEASURE: Services and Medications
Participation in both residential and community-based social services is assessed
through a modified version of the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA;
Burns, et al., 1992). At the baseline interview, subjects are asked if they have
received services in a range of settings (e.g., alcohol/drug treatment, psychiatric
treatment, hospitalizations, foster care, family counseling, detention /prison /
jail stays, priest/minister/clergy visitations) across both the juvenile justice and
the mental health sector. A history of medication use is also obtained (medication
name and recency of last dose). Once endorsed, follow-up questions obtain the age at
the initial receipt of the treatment and the recency of this service use.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S0 Services: D/A: Age 1st time stayed overnight
The subject's age at first stay in a Drug and Alcohol facility.
MEASURE: Services and Medications
Participation in both residential and community-based social services is assessed
through a modified version of the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA;
Burns, et al., 1992). At the baseline interview, subjects are asked if they have
received services in a range of settings (e.g., alcohol/drug treatment, psychiatric
treatment, hospitalizations, foster care, family counseling, detention /prison /
jail stays, priest/minister/clergy visitations) across both the juvenile justice and
the mental health sector. A history of medication use is also obtained (medication
name and recency of last dose). Once endorsed, follow-up questions obtain the age at
the initial receipt of the treatment and the recency of this service use.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S0 Services: D/A: Past 6 months had an overnight stay
The subject has stayed overnight in a Drug or Alcohol facility in the past 6 months.
MEASURE: Services and Medications
Participation in both residential and community-based social services is assessed
through a modified version of the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA;
Burns, et al., 1992). At the baseline interview, subjects are asked if they have
received services in a range of settings (e.g., alcohol/drug treatment, psychiatric
treatment, hospitalizations, foster care, family counseling, detention /prison /
jail stays, priest/minister/clergy visitations) across both the juvenile justice and
the mental health sector. A history of medication use is also obtained (medication
name and recency of last dose). Once endorsed, follow-up questions obtain the age at
the initial receipt of the treatment and the recency of this service use.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S0 Services: Psych: Ever have an overnight stay
The subject has had an overnight stay in a Psych facility.
MEASURE: Services and Medications
Participation in both residential and community-based social services is assessed
through a modified version of the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA;
Burns, et al., 1992). At the baseline interview, subjects are asked if they have
received services in a range of settings (e.g., alcohol/drug treatment, psychiatric
treatment, hospitalizations, foster care, family counseling, detention /prison /
jail stays, priest/minister/clergy visitations) across both the juvenile justice and
the mental health sector. A history of medication use is also obtained (medication
name and recency of last dose). Once endorsed, follow-up questions obtain the age at
the initial receipt of the treatment and the recency of this service use.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S0 Services: Psych: Age 1st time stayed overnight
The subjects age at first stay in a Psych facility.
MEASURE: Services and Medications
Participation in both residential and community-based social services is assessed
through a modified version of the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA;
Burns, et al., 1992). At the baseline interview, subjects are asked if they have
received services in a range of settings (e.g., alcohol/drug treatment, psychiatric
treatment, hospitalizations, foster care, family counseling, detention /prison /
jail stays, priest/minister/clergy visitations) across both the juvenile justice and
the mental health sector. A history of medication use is also obtained (medication
name and recency of last dose). Once endorsed, follow-up questions obtain the age at
the initial receipt of the treatment and the recency of this service use.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S0 Services: Psych: Past 6 months had an overnight stay
The subject has stayed overnight in a Psych facility in the past 6 months.
MEASURE: Services and Medications
Participation in both residential and community-based social services is assessed
through a modified version of the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA;
Burns, et al., 1992). At the baseline interview, subjects are asked if they have
received services in a range of settings (e.g., alcohol/drug treatment, psychiatric
treatment, hospitalizations, foster care, family counseling, detention /prison /
jail stays, priest/minister/clergy visitations) across both the juvenile justice and
the mental health sector. A history of medication use is also obtained (medication
name and recency of last dose). Once endorsed, follow-up questions obtain the age at
the initial receipt of the treatment and the recency of this service use.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S0 Services: RTC: Ever have an overnight stay
The subject has had an overnight stay in a RTC facility.
MEASURE: Services and Medications
Participation in both residential and community-based social services is assessed
through a modified version of the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA;
Burns, et al., 1992). At the baseline interview, subjects are asked if they have
received services in a range of settings (e.g., alcohol/drug treatment, psychiatric
treatment, hospitalizations, foster care, family counseling, detention /prison /
jail stays, priest/minister/clergy visitations) across both the juvenile justice and
the mental health sector. A history of medication use is also obtained (medication
name and recency of last dose). Once endorsed, follow-up questions obtain the age at
the initial receipt of the treatment and the recency of this service use.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S0 Services: RTC: Age 1st time stayed overnight
The subjects age at first stay in a RTC facility.
MEASURE: Services and Medications
Participation in both residential and community-based social services is assessed
through a modified version of the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA;
Burns, et al., 1992). At the baseline interview, subjects are asked if they have
received services in a range of settings (e.g., alcohol/drug treatment, psychiatric
treatment, hospitalizations, foster care, family counseling, detention /prison /
jail stays, priest/minister/clergy visitations) across both the juvenile justice and
the mental health sector. A history of medication use is also obtained (medication
name and recency of last dose). Once endorsed, follow-up questions obtain the age at
the initial receipt of the treatment and the recency of this service use.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S0 Services: RTC: Past 6 months had an overnight stay
The subject has stayed overnight in a RTC facility in the past 6 months.
MEASURE: Services and Medications
Participation in both residential and community-based social services is assessed
through a modified version of the Child and Adolescent Services Assessment (CASA;
Burns, et al., 1992). At the baseline interview, subjects are asked if they have
received services in a range of settings (e.g., alcohol/drug treatment, psychiatric
treatment, hospitalizations, foster care, family counseling, detention /prison /
jail stays, priest/minister/clergy visitations) across both the juvenile justice and
the mental health sector. A history of medication use is also obtained (medication
name and recency of last dose). Once endorsed, follow-up questions obtain the age at
the initial receipt of the treatment and the recency of this service use.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S4 DV: Marker for victim of domestic violence
Victim of domestic violence; marker for at least one victim item endorsed
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S4 DV: Marker for perpetrator of domestic violence
Perpetrator of domestic violence; marker for at least one perpetrator item endorse
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S4 DV: Count of victim - physical items endorsed
Victim of domestic violence - physical; count of physical domestic violence items
endorsed where subject is the victim
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S4 DV: Count of victim - emotional items endorsed
Victim of domestic violence - emotional; count of emotional domestic violence items
endorsed where subject is the victim
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S4 DV: Count of victim - sexual items endorsed
Victim of domestic violence - sexual; count of sexual domestic violence items
endorsed where subject is the victim
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S4 DV: Count of perpetrator - physical items endorsed
Perpetrator of domestic violence - physical; count of physical domestic violence
items endorsed where subject is the perpetrator
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S4 DV: Count of perpetrator - emotional items endorsed
Perpetrator of domestic violence - emotional; count of emotional domestic violence
items endorsed where subject is the perpetrator
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S4 DV: Count of perpetrator - sexual items endorsed
Perpetrator of domestic violence - sexual; count of sexual domestic violence items
endorsed where subject is the perpetrator
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S4 DV: Whether subject was perpetrator of physical abuse towards main partner
Perpetrator - physical abuse with main romantic partner
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S4 DV: Whether subject was victim of physical abuse from the main partner
Victim - physical abuse with main romantic partner
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S5 DV: Marker for victim of domestic violence
Victim of domestic violence; marker for at least one victim item endorsed
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S5 DV: Marker for perpetrator of domestic violence
Perpetrator of domestic violence; marker for at least one perpetrator item endorse
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S5 DV: Count of victim - physical items endorsed
Victim of domestic violence - physical; count of physical domestic violence items
endorsed where subject is the victim
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S6 DV: Marker for victim of domestic violence
Victim of domestic violence; marker for at least one victim item endorsed
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S6 DV: Marker for perpetrator of domestic violence
Perpetrator of domestic violence; marker for at least one perpetrator item endorse
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S6 DV: Count of victim - physical items endorsed
Victim of domestic violence - physical; count of physical domestic violence items
endorsed where subject is the victim
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S7 DV: Marker for victim of domestic violence
Victim of domestic violence; marker for at least one victim item endorsed
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S7 DV: Marker for perpetrator of domestic violence
Perpetrator of domestic violence; marker for at least one perpetrator item endorse
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S7 DV: Count of victim - physical items endorsed
Victim of domestic violence - physical; count of physical domestic violence items
endorsed where subject is the victim
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S8 DV: Marker for victim of domestic violence
Victim of domestic violence; marker for at least one victim item endorsed
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S8 DV: Marker for perpetrator of domestic violence
Perpetrator of domestic violence; marker for at least one perpetrator item endorse
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S8 DV: Count of victim - physical items endorsed
Victim of domestic violence - physical; count of physical domestic violence items
endorsed where subject is the victim
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S9 DV: Marker for victim of domestic violence
Victim of domestic violence; marker for at least one victim item endorsed
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S9 DV: Marker for perpetrator of domestic violence
Perpetrator of domestic violence; marker for at least one perpetrator item endorse
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

S9 DV: Count of victim - physical items endorsed
Victim of domestic violence - physical; count of physical domestic violence items
endorsed where subject is the victim
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

SA DV: Marker for victim of domestic violence
Victim of domestic violence; marker for at least one victim item endorsed
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

SA DV: Marker for perpetrator of domestic violence
Perpetrator of domestic violence; marker for at least one perpetrator item endorse
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).

SA DV: Count of victim - physical items endorsed
Victim of domestic violence - physical; count of physical domestic violence items
endorsed where subject is the victim
MEAUSRE: Domestic Violence
The Domestic Violence Inventory, adapted for this study, is designed to measure four
dimensions of victimization and offending for events that occur within the past year
between the subject and any of his/her intimate partners (boyfriend or girlfriend),
spouse, ex-spouse, or ex-partner (ex-boyfriend or girlfriend). Previous research has
shown that both physical and psychological aggression within intimate relationships
is associated with alcohol and other substance abuse (Leonard, 1993), violence toward
strangers (Fagan and Browne, 1990), and a variety of mental health diagnostic
categories (Holzworth-Munroe et al., 2000). Accordingly, we include four domains of
intimate partner violence and victimization: physical violence (e.g., "Has your
partner grabbed, pushed, or shoved you?"), psychological aggression (e.g., "Have you
called your partner stupid, fat or ugly?"), controlling behavior (e.g., "Has your
partner restricted your use of the car or telephone?"), and injury (e.g., "Have you
ever passed out from being hit by your partner?"). We also include items on sexual
coercion (e.g., "Have you used physical force your partner to have sex with you?"),
but distinguish it from physical violence. The items included here were adapted from
prior studies that measure intimate partner violence in a variety of samples and
contexts (Moffitt et al., 1997, 2000; Straus et al., 1996). The items can be scaled
in several ways, including (a) variety, prevalence and frequency, (b) seriousness,
and (c) reciprocity within relationships.
We also use this section to determine whether the romantic relationship asked about
earlier in the interview had violence. We ask whether any of a) the reported physical
violence, b) the psychological or aggression or controlling behavior or c) sexual
coercion involved the partner named earlier as the most significant romantic
relationship during the follow-up period. The name of this individual is pulled
forward from earlier responses to make sure that the subject is referring to the
person named earlier. We also differentiate whether the research participant was the
victim, perpetrator, or both regarding each of these types of aggression in the
identified relationship. These questions allow for a characterization of the earlier
named relationship as involving physical violence (Y/N) or nonphysical aggression
(Y/N) and/or sexual coercion (Y/N). It also allows for each of these characterizations
to becrossed by whether the research participant was the perpetrator or victim.
Consult the Pathways Study codebook for more information (www.pathwaysstudy.pitt.edu).