Cancer, also known as malignancy, is not just one disease but a collection of diseases. These conditions often include a disruption in physical and mental wellbeing, side effects from treatment, painful procedures, financial burden, and difficult decision making.

Aside from ensuring that the first aid kit is well stocked, the key to administering first aid to cancer patients is to understand the specialized skills and items needed to manage fear, anxiety, and depression; adverse effects of cancer or chemotherapy; and emergency situations that require cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

Emotional First Aid For Cancer Patients

Approximately half of the people with cancer exhibit psychological complications. Cancer can cause a variety of emotions that may be overwhelming. These feelings are completely normal and may frequently change. A life-support provider should be aware of the following common emotional difficulties.

Fear and AnxietyPanic Disorder and Chest Pain – Approximately one-fourth of patients who present to the emergency department for chest pain have panic disorder. This article reviews the mechanisms, morbidity, and management of chest pain in panic disorder.

Physical First Aid for Cancer Patients

Thinking outside your average first aid kit for a person undergoing chemotherapy can help save their life.

One of the most dangerous side effects of chemotherapy is not always visible. A low white blood cell count, called neutropenia, puts cancer patients at a high risk for infection. Other potentially life-threatening complications of cancer and chemotherapy include bleeding and dehydration. Be prepared by reviewing the following circumstances.

Infection

Help Cancer Patients Prevent Infection – This program is designed by the Center for Disease Control to help people suffering from cancer protect themselves from infection and learn how to recognize infection.

How to Use a Thermometer – The Cleveland Clinic provides an overview of how to take a temperature.

Temperature – Watch out for temperatures higher than 99.5 Fahrenheit (37.5 Celsius); in the case of neutropenia, the patient needs antibiotics as soon as possible.

Clean Your Hands – Brush up on how important hand washing is to prevent infection.

Bleeding and Bruising

Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) – Chemotherapy can lower the number of platelets in the blood putting the patient at risk for bleeding.

Ways to Manage Bleeding and Bruising – The National Cancer Institute provides steps to take for people at risk for bleeding, such as avoiding non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), using a soft toothbrush and electric shaver, and what to do if they start to bleed.

Internal and External Bleeding – Learn the necessary first aid steps for both internal and external bleeding.

Hypovolemic Shock – Excessive blood loss can lead to hypovolemic shock. This resource explores causes of hypovolemic shock and how to recognize this emergency condition.

​Many of the symptoms of colorectal cancer can also be caused by something that isn’t cancer, such as infection, hemorrhoids, irritable bowel syndrome, or inflammatory bowel disease.

In most cases, people who have these symptoms do not have cancer. Still, if you have any of these problems, it is a sign that you should go to the doctor so the cause can be found and treated, if needed:

For years, researchers have been trying to figure out better ways to find out if a person has cancer and to find it early when it’s most curable. They want a test that’s easier on patients and faster for doctors. One idea that’s gaining ground is called a liquid biopsy. A biopsy is a sample of tissue or cells taken from almost any part of the body and sent to a lab to check for cancer. The liquid in this case is your blood. The concept is that your doctor may one day be able to use a small sample of your blood to screen for cancer, before you have any symptoms.

Recently, a study led by researchers at Johns Hopkins published results about how their blood test, called CancerSEEK, supports the concept for a single blood test to screen for several types of cancer. Their test studied 2 types of markers in the blood associated with cancer: certain proteins and pieces of DNA, called circulating tumor DNA. The test is far from ready for wide use though. They tested CancerSEEK on people who had already been diagnosed with cancer to see if the blood they collected would allow them to prove the presence of cancer and where it was. The test was stronger on finding some types of cancer than others and it had some false positives, meaning it showed there was cancer when there really wasn’t. Still, the study caused a lot of excitement. So, we got a perspective from Len Lichtenfeld, MD, deputy chief medical officer at the American Cancer Society. Here’s what he said about the research that’s been done to get us to this point and where research needs to go to bring us closer to the reality of such a comprehensive, simple screening test.

August 30, 2017 -- The FDA has for the first time approved a treatment that uses a patient’s own genetically modified cells to attack a type of leukemia, opening the door to what the agency calls "a new frontier" in medicine.

The approval Wednesday allows a process known as CAR T-cell therapy to be used in children or young adults fighting an often fatal recurrence of the most common childhood cancer -- B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

And it clears the way for a new approach to fighting cancer by harnessing the body’s immune system -- a long-sought goal of medical researchers.

A breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts from cells of the breast. A malignant tumor is a group of cancer cells that may grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread (metastasize) to distant areas of the body. Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer, and can spread to other areas of the body. To learn more about how cancers start and spread, see What Is Cancer?

Breast cancer occurs mainly in women, but men can get it, too. Many people do not realize that men have breast tissue and that they can develop breast cancer.​Read more click here

A major 20-year study led by the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System has found more evidence that surgery for early-stage prostate cancer does not help men live longer than observation. Observation, sometimes called watchful waiting, means doctors monitor a man’s prostate cancer over time to make sure it’s not getting worse, and only then consider surgery or other active treatment. This is a good option for many men because most prostate cancers grow very slowly and may never cause health problems.​Read more Click Here

​This year nearly 1.7 million Americans will learn they have cancer. Our head-to-toe guide to the latest research can help.By Catherine Winters

JUNE 18 2017

Here's some good news: Death rates from cancer have dropped 25 percent over the past two decades, according to the American Cancer Society. And across the country and around the world, researchers are studying new ways to prevent, detect, diagnose and treat the disease. "We already cure a lot of cancers," says Daniel F. Hayes, M.D., president of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), which presented new research at its annual meeting this month. "There is so much more hope than there used to be." Here is a sampling of the latest news in cancer research gathered from the ASCO meeting, medical journals and labs.

Head and Neck CancerPeople with head and neck cancer whose tumors have grown may live longer if they continue treatment with an immunotherapy drug that blocks a molecule that prevents T cells in the immune system from going after cancer cells, according to a recent study. Researchers are optimistic that immunotherapy, already showing promise for melanoma and lung cancer, could also lead to better outcomes for head and neck cancer patients.

Skin CancerBasal cell and squamous cell carcinoma are on the rise, especially in women, according to a recent study. From 2000 to 2010, diagnoses of basal cell skin cancer jumped 145 percent and those of squamous cell cancer soared by 263 percent compared to rates from 1976 to 1984—and the increase of basal cell carcinoma among women in their 30s and 40s was especially high. Sun exposure and tanning bed use are the likely culprits—even if UV exposure occurred years earlier.

"There is typically a delay between UV exposure and the development of skin cancer, so we may be starting to see the effects now," says researcher John G. Muzic, M.D., a dermatology resident at the Mayo Clinic. -We know what causes skin cancer, and preventive strategies are easy to implement, but we need to get everyone on board.- In the pipeline is a noninvasiveimaging test that may one day let doctors diagnose basal cell carcinoma as well as deadlier melanoma right away without a biopsy. The procedure, called multiphoton microscopy, uses shortpulses of laser light to obtain high-resolution images so a physician can quickly and accurately identify abnormal cells. While more research is needed, -we hope that in the next five yearsthis type of microscopic imaging at the bedside will become widely used,- says researcher Irene Georgakoudi, Ph.D., of the department of biomedical engineering at Tufts University.

Colorectal CancerPeople treated for stage III colon cancer who ate two or more ounces of almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts, cashews or pecans per week lowered their chance of a recurrence by 42 percent and the likelihood of dying by 57 percent compared to people who didn't eat nuts, researchers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston reported.

In another study, researchers found that over seven years, people who exercised the most and had the healthiest diets during and after treatment lowered their risk for death by 42 percent and for recurrence by 22 percent.

Pancreatic CancerAbout one-fifth of pancreatic cancers evolve from cysts, but there's no easy way to determine if a cyst is benign, pre-cancerous or malignant. Even if a doctor suspects cancer, a biopsy detects only about half of pancreatic cancers. Researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston have developed a tool called light scattering spectroscopy that bounces light off the cyst, analyzing it for structural changes that may signal cancer. While more testing is needed, the technology "could potentially transform the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by enabling doctors to confirm a malignancy quickly, early and noninvasively and follow cysts that could potentially become cancerous," says Lev T. Perelman, Ph.D., director of the Center for Advanced Biomedical Imaging and Photonics at Beth Israel.

Prostate CancerA new blood test called IsoPSA is more accurate than the PSA test—which measures levels of a blood protein called prostate specific antigen—at finding prostate cancer and detecting moreadvanced cancer, according to preliminary research.

While PSA levels are elevated in men with prostate cancer, PSA also can climb if a man has a benign condition, such as an inflamed or enlarged prostate, leading to unnecessary procedures including a biopsy. By contrast, the IsoPSA test detects structural changes in PSA protein that are associated with cancer. Though more research is needed, IsoPSA has the potential to slash the rate of unnecessary biopsies by almost half, say the researchers.

The US and Drug Administration (FDA) this week convened a panel of outside experts to weigh in on the readiness of a first-of-its-kind cancer therapy. The treatment, which works by tweaking a patient’s own cells, is a type of immunotherapy called CAR T-cell therapy and has been in clinical trials for several years. One drug maker is now seeking FDA approval to use the treatment in pediatric and young adult patients ages 3 to 25 with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that has not responded to standard care.

After the July 12 day-long meeting, the FDA panel unanimously recommended that the agency approve the treatment. But what does this mean for patients? And is CAR T-cell therapy going to play an increasing role in cancer treatment in general? In this interview, Leonard Lichtenfeld, MD, MACP, American Cancer Society deputy chief medical officer, gives us his take.​Read more Click Here

Bladder cancer can sometimes be found early. Finding it early improves your chances that it can be treated successfully.​Screening for bladder cancerScreening is the use of tests or exams to look for a disease in people who have no symptoms. At this time, no major professional organizations recommend routine screening of the general public for bladder cancer. This is because no screening test has been shown to lower the risk of dying from bladder cancer in people who are at average risk.Learn more click here