What is genetic engineering?

What
is Genetic engineering? Genetic engineering is the direct modification of
genes.

It’s
the process of removing or inserting genes in the DNA sequence of an organism,
which will eventually lead to certain changes in its characteristics.

The
idea came to life in the 1970s, when scientists experimented with the insertion
of external DNA into bacteria and viruses.

Humans
had been modifying genes in other species even before that, but it was done
mainly by breeding (such as cross/selective breeding) or by causing random
mutations with the help of external agents.

In
1974, Rudolf Jaenisch successfully modified the genes of mice, making them the
world’s first genetically modified animals.

Over
the years, many successful experiments were conducted in this field but the
process was usually very difficult and expensive.

Discovering
a cheap and efficient way to edit genes was still challenging. But all that
changed in 2012, when the CRISPR technology was developed.

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