Persons Not in the Labour Force, Australia, September (ABS cat. no. 6220.0).

WORK: DEFINITIONS

Average hours worked per weekaggregate hours worked by a group divided by the number of persons in that group. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Civilian population aged 15 years and overall usual residents of Australia aged 15 years and over except members of the permanent defence forces, certain diplomatic personnel of overseas governments customarily excluded from census and estimated resident population counts, overseas residents in Australia, and members of non-Australian defence forces (and their dependants) stationed in Australia. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Discouraged jobseekers persons who were marginally attached to the labour force, wanted to work and who were available to start work within four weeks but whose main reason for not actively seeking work was that they believed they would not find a job for any of the following reasons:

Employedpersons aged 15 years and over who, during the reference week:

worked for one hour or more for pay, profit, commission or payment in kind, in a job or business, or on a farm (comprising employees, employers and own account workers); or

worked for one hour or more without pay in a family business or on a farm (i.e. contributing family workers); or

were employees who had a job but were not at work and were:

away from work for less than four weeks up to the end of the reference week; or

away from work for more than four weeks up to the end of the reference week and received pay for some or all of the four week period to the end of the reference week; or

away from work as a standard work or shift arrangement; or

on strike or locked out; or

on workers' compensation and expected to return to their job; or

were employers or own account workers who had a job, business or farm, but were not at work. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Employeelabour force and other household surveys: a person who works for a public or private employer and receives remuneration in wages, salary, a retainer fee from their employer while working on a commission basis, tips, piece rates or payment in kind, or a person who operates his or her own incorporated enterprise with or without hiring employees. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Employees without leave entitlements employees who were not entitled to either paid holiday leave or sick leave in their main job. Reference: EmployeeEarnings, BenefitsandTradeUnionMembership, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6310.0).

Employerlabour force and other household surveys: a person who operates their own unincorporated economic enterprise or engages independently in a profession or trade, and hires one or more employees. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

(i) persons actively looking for work, not available to start work in the reference week, but were available to start work within four weeks (ii) discouraged jobseekers

as a percentage of the labour force augmented by (i) and (ii). Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Full-time employedpersons who usually worked 35 hours or more a week (in all jobs) and those who, although usually working less than 35 hours a week, worked 35 hours or more during the reference week. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Industrial disputea state of disagreement over an issue or group of issues between an employer and its employees, which results in employees ceasing work. Industrial disputes comprise of strikes, which are a withdrawal from work by a group of employees; and lockouts, which are a refusal by an employer or group of employers to permit some or all of their employees to work. Reference: IndustrialDisputes, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6321.0.55.001).

Labour forcethe labour force is the labour supply available for the production of economic goods and services in a given period, and is the most widely used measure of the economically active population. Persons in the labour force are classified as either employed or unemployed according to their activities during the reference period by using a specific set of priority rules. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Manufacturing industriesconsists of the manufacturing division of the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC). Reference: ANZSIC1993 (ABS cat. no. 1292.0).

Marginally attached persons aged 15 years and over who were not in the labour force, wanted to work and; were actively looking for work but did not meet the availability criteria to be classified as unemployed; or were not actively looking for work, were available to start work or would have been if child care were available. Reference: PersonsNotIntheLabourForce, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6220.0).

Median agethe age which divides a group of persons into two equal groups: one comprising persons whose age is above the median; and the other, persons whose age is below it. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Median duration of unemployment the duration which divides unemployed persons into two equal groups, one comprising persons whose duration of unemployment is above the median and the other, persons whose duration is below it. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Occupation a collection of jobs which are sufficiently similar in their main tasks to be grouped together for the purposes of classification. The Australian Standard Classification of Occupations (ASCO) Second Edition, which is used for the classification of occupations, applies skill level and skill specialisation as major criteria.Skill level is measured by: formal education and training, and previous experience usually required for entry into an occupation. ASCO Second Edition assigns each of the nine major groups in the classification to one of five ranked skill levels. Skill Level 1 — Managers and administrators and Professionals Skill Level 2 — Associate professionals Skill Level 3 — Tradespersons and related workers and Advanced clerical and service workers Skill Level 4 — Intermediate production and transport workers and Intermediate clerical, sales and service workers
Skill Level 5 — Elementary clerical, sales and service workers and Labourers and related workers Reference: ASCO — AustralianStandardClassificationofOccupations, Secondedition (ABS cat. no. 1220.0).

Own account workera person who operates his or her own unincorporated economic enterprise or engages independently in a profession or trade, and hires no employees. This category was formerly entitled self-employed. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Participation ratethe labour force participation rate within the population is the labour force component of that group, expressed as a percentage of the population of that group. In this publication the participation rate is the labour force expressed as a percentage of the civilian population aged 15 years and over. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Part-time employedemployed persons who usually worked less than 35 hours a week (in all jobs) and either did so during the survey reference week, or were not at work in the reference week. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Pay set by award onlyemployees who are paid at the rate of pay specified in the award, and who are not paid more than that award rate of pay. Reference: EmployeeEarningsandHours, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6306.0).

Pay set by collective agreementsemployees who had the main part of their pay set by a registered or unregistered collective agreement or enterprise award. Reference: EmployeeEarningsandHours, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6306.0).

Pay set by individual arrangementsemployees who had the main part of their pay set by an individual contract, registered individual agreement (e.g. Australian Workplace Agreement), common law contract, or if they receive over award payments by individual agreement, or are working proprietors of incorporated businesses. Reference: EmployeeEarningsandHours, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6306.0).

Persons employed part-time who prefer more hours persons employed part-time who indicated they would prefer to work more hours.

Proportion of the total population in employmentthe number of employed persons expressed as a percentage of the total population. Also known as employment to population ratio. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Retrenchment ratetotal persons retrenched during the 12 month period before the survey, as a percentage of all people who had been employed at some time over the same period.Persons retrenched are those who ceased their last job because they were either:

employees who were laid off, including no work available, retrenched, made redundant, employer went out of business or dismissed; or

self employed persons whose business closed down for economic reasons, including 'went broke', liquidated, no work, or no supply or demand.

Reference: LabourMobility, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6209.0).

Service industries the combination of the following divisions of the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification (ANZSIC): Wholesale trade; Retail trade; Accommodation, cafes and restaurants; Transport and storage; Communication services; Finance and insurance; Property and business services; Government administration and defence; Education; Health and community services; Cultural and recreational services; and Personal and other services. Reference: ANZSIC1993 (ABS cat. no. 1292.0).

Trade union membersemployees with membership in an organisation consisting predominantly of employees, the principal activities of which include the negotiation of rates of pay and conditions of employment for its members, in conjunction with their main job. Reference: EmployeeEarnings, BenefitsandTradeUnionMembership, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6310.0).

Underemployedunderemployed workers are employed persons who want, and are available for, more hours of work than they currently have. They comprise:

Persons employed part-time who want to work more hours and are available to start work with more hours, either in the reference week or in the four weeks subsequent to the survey.

Persons employed full-time who worked part-time hours in the reference week for economic reasons (such as being stood down or insufficient work being available). It is assumed that these people wanted to work full-time in the reference week and would have been available to do so.

Reference: UnderemployedWorkers, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6265.0).

Unemployedpersons aged 15 years and over who were not employed during the reference week, and:

had actively looked for full-time work or part-time work at any time in the four weeks up to the end of the reference week and were available for work in the reference week; or

were waiting to start a new job within four weeks from the end of the reference week and could have started in the reference week if the job had been available then.

Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Unemployed looking for full-time work unemployed persons who:

actively looked for full-time work; or

were waiting to start a new full-time job.

Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Unemployment ratefor any group, the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force in the same group. Reference: AustralianLabourMarketStatistics (ABS cat. no. 6105.0).

Working days lostworking days lost by employees directly or indirectly involved in industrial disputes. Reference: IndustrialDisputes, Australia (ABS cat. no. 6321.0.55.001).