/* Global, SSA-based optimizations using mathematical identities.
Copyright (C) 2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This file is part of GCC.
GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any
later version.
GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING. If not, write to the Free
Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-1301, USA. *//* Currently, the only mini-pass in this file tries to CSE reciprocal
operations. These are common in sequences such as this one:
modulus = sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z);
x = x / modulus;
y = y / modulus;
z = z / modulus;
that can be optimized to
modulus = sqrt(x*x + y*y + z*z);
rmodulus = 1.0 / modulus;
x = x * rmodulus;
y = y * rmodulus;
z = z * rmodulus;
We do this for loop invariant divisors, and with this pass whenever
we notice that a division has the same divisor multiple times.
Of course, like in PRE, we don't insert a division if a dominator
already has one. However, this cannot be done as an extension of
PRE for several reasons.
First of all, with some experiments it was found out that the
transformation is not always useful if there are only two divisions
hy the same divisor. This is probably because modern processors
can pipeline the divisions; on older, in-order processors it should
still be effective to optimize two divisions by the same number.
We make this a param, and it shall be called N in the remainder of
this comment.
Second, if trapping math is active, we have less freedom on where
to insert divisions: we can only do so in basic blocks that already
contain one. (If divisions don't trap, instead, we can insert
divisions elsewhere, which will be in blocks that are common dominators
of those that have the division).
We really don't want to compute the reciprocal unless a division will
be found. To do this, we won't insert the division in a basic block
that has less than N divisions *post-dominating* it.
The algorithm constructs a subset of the dominator tree, holding the
blocks containing the divisions and the common dominators to them,
and walk it twice. The first walk is in post-order, and it annotates
each block with the number of divisions that post-dominate it: this
gives information on where divisions can be inserted profitably.
The second walk is in pre-order, and it inserts divisions as explained
above, and replaces divisions by multiplications.
In the best case, the cost of the pass is O(n_statements). In the
worst-case, the cost is due to creating the dominator tree subset,
with a cost of O(n_basic_blocks ^ 2); however this can only happen
for n_statements / n_basic_blocks statements. So, the amortized cost
of creating the dominator tree subset is O(n_basic_blocks) and the
worst-case cost of the pass is O(n_statements * n_basic_blocks).
More practically, the cost will be small because there are few
divisions, and they tend to be in the same basic block, so insert_bb
is called very few times.
If we did this using domwalk.c, an efficient implementation would have
to work on all the variables in a single pass, because we could not
work on just a subset of the dominator tree, as we do now, and the
cost would also be something like O(n_statements * n_basic_blocks).
The data structures would be more complex in order to work on all the
variables in a single pass. */
#include"config.h"
#include"system.h"
#include"coretypes.h"
#include"tm.h"
#include"flags.h"
#include"tree.h"
#include"tree-flow.h"
#include"real.h"
#include"timevar.h"
#include"tree-pass.h"
#include"alloc-pool.h"
#include"basic-block.h"
#include"target.h"/* This structure represents one basic block that either computes a
division, or is a common dominator for basic block that compute a
division. */struct occurrence {
/* The basic block represented by this structure. */
basic_block bb;
/* If non-NULL, the SSA_NAME holding the definition for a reciprocal
inserted in BB. */
tree recip_def;
/* If non-NULL, the MODIFY_EXPR for a reciprocal computation that
was inserted in BB. */
tree recip_def_stmt;
/* Pointer to a list of "struct occurrence"s for blocks dominated
by BB. */struct occurrence *children;
/* Pointer to the next "struct occurrence"s in the list of blocks
sharing a common dominator. */struct occurrence *next;
/* The number of divisions that are in BB before compute_merit. The
number of divisions that are in BB or post-dominate it after
compute_merit. */int num_divisions;
/* True if the basic block has a division, false if it is a common
dominator for basic blocks that do. If it is false and trapping
math is active, BB is not a candidate for inserting a reciprocal. */
bool bb_has_division;
};
/* The instance of "struct occurrence" representing the highest
interesting block in the dominator tree. */staticstruct occurrence *occ_head;
/* Allocation pool for getting instances of "struct occurrence". */static alloc_pool occ_pool;
/* Allocate and return a new struct occurrence for basic block BB, and
whose children list is headed by CHILDREN. */staticstruct occurrence *
occ_new (basic_block bb, struct occurrence *children)
{
struct occurrence *occ;
occ = bb->aux = pool_alloc (occ_pool);
memset (occ, 0, sizeof (struct occurrence));
occ->bb = bb;
occ->children = children;
return occ;
}
/* Insert NEW_OCC into our subset of the dominator tree. P_HEAD points to a
list of "struct occurrence"s, one per basic block, having IDOM as
their common dominator.
We try to insert NEW_OCC as deep as possible in the tree, and we also
insert any other block that is a common dominator for BB and one
block already in the tree. */staticvoidinsert_bb (struct occurrence *new_occ, basic_block idom,
struct occurrence **p_head)
{
struct occurrence *occ, **p_occ;
for (p_occ = p_head; (occ = *p_occ) != NULL; )
{
basic_block bb = new_occ->bb, occ_bb = occ->bb;
basic_block dom = nearest_common_dominator (CDI_DOMINATORS, occ_bb, bb);
if (dom == bb)
{
/* BB dominates OCC_BB. OCC becomes NEW_OCC's child: remove OCC
from its list. */
*p_occ = occ->next;
occ->next = new_occ->children;
new_occ->children = occ;
/* Try the next block (it may as well be dominated by BB). */
}
elseif (dom == occ_bb)
{
/* OCC_BB dominates BB. Tail recurse to look deeper. */
insert_bb (new_occ, dom, &occ->children);
return;
}
elseif (dom != idom)
{
gcc_assert (!dom->aux);
/* There is a dominator between IDOM and BB, add it and make
two children out of NEW_OCC and OCC. First, remove OCC from
its list. */
*p_occ = occ->next;
new_occ->next = occ;
occ->next = NULL;
/* None of the previous blocks has DOM as a dominator: if we tail
recursed, we would reexamine them uselessly. Just switch BB with
DOM, and go on looking for blocks dominated by DOM. */
new_occ = occ_new (dom, new_occ);
}
else
{
/* Nothing special, go on with the next element. */
p_occ = &occ->next;
}
}
/* No place was found as a child of IDOM. Make BB a sibling of IDOM. */
new_occ->next = *p_head;
*p_head = new_occ;
}
/* Register that we found a division in BB. */static inline voidregister_division_in (basic_block bb)
{
struct occurrence *occ;
occ = (struct occurrence *) bb->aux;
if (!occ)
{
occ = occ_new (bb, NULL);
insert_bb (occ, ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR, &occ_head);
}
occ->bb_has_division = true;
occ->num_divisions++;
}
/* Compute the number of divisions that postdominate each block in OCC and
its children. */staticvoidcompute_merit (struct occurrence *occ)
{
struct occurrence *occ_child;
basic_block dom = occ->bb;
for (occ_child = occ->children; occ_child; occ_child = occ_child->next)
{
basic_block bb;
if (occ_child->children)
compute_merit (occ_child);
if (flag_exceptions)
bb = single_noncomplex_succ (dom);
else
bb = dom;
if (dominated_by_p (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS, bb, occ_child->bb))
occ->num_divisions += occ_child->num_divisions;
}
}
/* Return whether USE_STMT is a floating-point division by DEF. */static inline bool
is_division_by (tree use_stmt, tree def)
{
return TREE_CODE (use_stmt) == MODIFY_EXPR
&& TREE_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (use_stmt, 1)) == RDIV_EXPR
&& TREE_OPERAND (TREE_OPERAND (use_stmt, 1), 1) == def;
}
/* Walk the subset of the dominator tree rooted at OCC, setting the
RECIP_DEF field to a definition of 1.0 / DEF that can be used in
the given basic block. The field may be left NULL, of course,
if it is not possible or profitable to do the optimization.
DEF_BSI is an iterator pointing at the statement defining DEF.
If RECIP_DEF is set, a dominator already has a computation that can
be used. */staticvoidinsert_reciprocals (block_stmt_iterator *def_bsi, struct occurrence *occ,
tree def, tree recip_def, int threshold)
{
tree type, new_stmt;
block_stmt_iterator bsi;
struct occurrence *occ_child;
if (!recip_def
&& (occ->bb_has_division || !flag_trapping_math)
&& occ->num_divisions >= threshold)
{
/* Make a variable with the replacement and substitute it. */
type = TREE_TYPE (def);
recip_def = make_rename_temp (type, "reciptmp");
new_stmt = build2 (MODIFY_EXPR, void_type_node, recip_def,
fold_build2 (RDIV_EXPR, type, build_one_cst (type),
def));
if (occ->bb_has_division)
{
/* Case 1: insert before an existing division. */
bsi = bsi_after_labels (occ->bb);
while (!bsi_end_p (bsi) && !is_division_by (bsi_stmt (bsi), def))
bsi_next (&bsi);
bsi_insert_before (&bsi, new_stmt, BSI_SAME_STMT);
}
elseif (def_bsi && occ->bb == def_bsi->bb)
{
/* Case 2: insert right after the definition. Note that this will
never happen if the definition statement can throw, because in
that case the sole successor of the statement's basic block will
dominate all the uses as well. */
bsi_insert_after (def_bsi, new_stmt, BSI_NEW_STMT);
}
else
{
/* Case 3: insert in a basic block not containing defs/uses. */
bsi = bsi_after_labels (occ->bb);
bsi_insert_before (&bsi, new_stmt, BSI_SAME_STMT);
}
occ->recip_def_stmt = new_stmt;
}
occ->recip_def = recip_def;
for (occ_child = occ->children; occ_child; occ_child = occ_child->next)
insert_reciprocals (def_bsi, occ_child, def, recip_def, threshold);
}
/* Replace the division at USE_P with a multiplication by the reciprocal, if
possible. */static inline voidreplace_reciprocal (use_operand_p use_p)
{
tree use_stmt = USE_STMT (use_p);
basic_block bb = bb_for_stmt (use_stmt);
struct occurrence *occ = (struct occurrence *) bb->aux;
if (occ->recip_def && use_stmt != occ->recip_def_stmt)
{
TREE_SET_CODE (TREE_OPERAND (use_stmt, 1), MULT_EXPR);
SET_USE (use_p, occ->recip_def);
fold_stmt_inplace (use_stmt);
update_stmt (use_stmt);
}
}
/* Free OCC and return one more "struct occurrence" to be freed. */staticstruct occurrence *
free_bb (struct occurrence *occ)
{
struct occurrence *child, *next;
/* First get the two pointers hanging off OCC. */
next = occ->next;
child = occ->children;
occ->bb->aux = NULL;
pool_free (occ_pool, occ);
/* Now ensure that we don't recurse unless it is necessary. */if (!child)
return next;
else
{
while (next)
next = free_bb (next);
return child;
}
}
/* Look for floating-point divisions among DEF's uses, and try to
replace them by multiplications with the reciprocal. Add
as many statements computing the reciprocal as needed.
DEF must be a GIMPLE register of a floating-point type. */staticvoidexecute_cse_reciprocals_1 (block_stmt_iterator *def_bsi, tree def)
{
use_operand_p use_p;
imm_use_iterator use_iter;
struct occurrence *occ;
int count = 0, threshold;
gcc_assert (FLOAT_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (def)) && is_gimple_reg (def));
FOR_EACH_IMM_USE_FAST (use_p, use_iter, def)
{
tree use_stmt = USE_STMT (use_p);
if (is_division_by (use_stmt, def))
{
register_division_in (bb_for_stmt (use_stmt));
count++;
}
}
/* Do the expensive part only if we can hope to optimize something. */
threshold = targetm.min_divisions_for_recip_mul (TYPE_MODE (TREE_TYPE (def)));
if (count >= threshold)
{
tree use_stmt;
for (occ = occ_head; occ; occ = occ->next)
{
compute_merit (occ);
insert_reciprocals (def_bsi, occ, def, NULL, threshold);
}
FOR_EACH_IMM_USE_STMT (use_stmt, use_iter, def)
{
if (is_division_by (use_stmt, def))
{
FOR_EACH_IMM_USE_ON_STMT (use_p, use_iter)
replace_reciprocal (use_p);
}
}
}
for (occ = occ_head; occ; )
occ = free_bb (occ);
occ_head = NULL;
}
static bool
gate_cse_reciprocals (void)
{
return optimize && !optimize_size && flag_unsafe_math_optimizations;
}
/* Go through all the floating-point SSA_NAMEs, and call
execute_cse_reciprocals_1 on each of them. */staticunsignedintexecute_cse_reciprocals (void)
{
basic_block bb;
tree arg;
occ_pool = create_alloc_pool ("dominators for recip",
sizeof (struct occurrence),
n_basic_blocks / 3 + 1);
calculate_dominance_info (CDI_DOMINATORS);
calculate_dominance_info (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS);
#ifdefENABLE_CHECKING
FOR_EACH_BB (bb)
gcc_assert (!bb->aux);
#endiffor (arg = DECL_ARGUMENTS (cfun->decl); arg; arg = TREE_CHAIN (arg))
if (default_def (arg)
&& FLOAT_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (arg))
&& is_gimple_reg (arg))
execute_cse_reciprocals_1 (NULL, default_def (arg));
FOR_EACH_BB (bb)
{
block_stmt_iterator bsi;
tree phi, def;
for (phi = phi_nodes (bb); phi; phi = PHI_CHAIN (phi))
{
def = PHI_RESULT (phi);
if (FLOAT_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (def))
&& is_gimple_reg (def))
execute_cse_reciprocals_1 (NULL, def);
}
for (bsi = bsi_after_labels (bb); !bsi_end_p (bsi); bsi_next (&bsi))
{
tree stmt = bsi_stmt (bsi);
if (TREE_CODE (stmt) == MODIFY_EXPR
&& (def = SINGLE_SSA_TREE_OPERAND (stmt, SSA_OP_DEF)) != NULL
&& FLOAT_TYPE_P (TREE_TYPE (def))
&& TREE_CODE (def) == SSA_NAME)
execute_cse_reciprocals_1 (&bsi, def);
}
}
free_dominance_info (CDI_DOMINATORS);
free_dominance_info (CDI_POST_DOMINATORS);
free_alloc_pool (occ_pool);
return 0;
}
struct tree_opt_pass pass_cse_reciprocals =
{
"recip", /* name */
gate_cse_reciprocals, /* gate */
execute_cse_reciprocals, /* execute */
NULL, /* sub */
NULL, /* next */
0, /* static_pass_number */
0, /* tv_id */
PROP_ssa, /* properties_required */
0, /* properties_provided */
0, /* properties_destroyed */
0, /* todo_flags_start */
TODO_dump_func | TODO_update_ssa | TODO_verify_ssa
| TODO_verify_stmts, /* todo_flags_finish */
0 /* letter */
};