This month, thousands of official delegates, environmental activists, and
media will be gathering in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia for a major United Nations'
conference on biological diversity. There, organizers will be seeking to
advance something called "sustainable development" that is often
billed as a panacea for some of the world's most pressing human and environmental
concerns.

But while the direct roots of these proposals can be traced to earlier international
environmental discussions that took place in Stockholm in 1972, and the more-famous
Rio Earth Summit in 1992, the actual genesis of "sustainable development" ideas
goes back not three decades, but three centuries.

Rousseau

That's because the real issue up for grabs in Malaysia – and in the
contemporary environmental debate in general – is not whether we are
going to cure world poverty, save endangered species, or achieve clean air
and clear water, but rather, whether John Locke's "individual rights" or
Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "general will" will be advanced as the
world's defining political principle for decades to come.

As explained in a fascinating CFACT monograph by Dr. Kenneth Weinstein and
Dr. Michael Coffman, the area of environmental regulation is one of the principal
ways Rousseau's ideals are continuing to gain tremendous ground over those
of his intellectual rival.

While Locke praises as "wise and godlike" those leaders who "by
established laws of liberty...secure protection and encouragement to the
honest industry of mankind, against the oppression of power," Rousseau
attacks limited-government liberalism in the name of the wholeness of man.

As Weinstein observes, "Whereas Locke uses a minimal state to protect
the individual and his property, Rousseau attempts to create a selfless attachment
to the common good because of his thoroughgoing distrust of individual concerns,
including private property."

Indeed, Rousseau sees the invention of private property itself as one of
the worst frauds ever perpetrated, and warns, "You are lost if you forget
that the fruits of the earth belong to all and the earth to no one."

With such thinking, Rousseau would certainly be proud of what's being put
forward in Malaysia.

The centerpiece of the U.N.'s "sustainable development" plan is
a document called Agenda 21. This global agenda for the 21st Century, which
was agreed to as a non-binding, "soft-law," document in Rio, is
nearly 300-pages long. It describes in detail how national governments are
supposed to ensure sustainability by more strictly regulating education,
transportation, land and energy use, economic production and consumption,
markets, labor, trade, policy making processes and even people's daily lives.

Agenda 21 would transform societies everywhere, under a centralized system
that would be monitored and enforced through the United Nations and global
environmental groups or NGOs (non-governmental organizations).

Aided by the "precautionary principle" and calls to save our planet
from every imaginable kind of ecological catastrophe (most notably, the questionable
theory of "global warming"), it would impose on individuals and
communities the kind of policies that failed so miserably in the Soviet Bloc
and everywhere else they were tried.

Environmental groups that will dominate debate at the Malaysian conference
claim
"
sustainable development" will "meet the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs," by
integrating "development, environmental protection and social equity." This
vague, grandiose concept may sound appealing and worthy of everyone's support.
In reality, though, it would result in a catastrophe of unprecedented global
proportions.

All of us want sustained economic growth, environmental quality, agriculture,
health and opportunity. But the only proven way to get this is from Lockean
principles of decentralized ownership and control of private property and
natural resources, the rule of law, and the right of sovereign nations and
communities to make their own decisions.

These are the principles upon which America was founded. And these are the
principles upon which our nation has led the way in promoting freedom, prosperity,
and yes, even sound environmental stewardship.

But don't tell that to Rousseau's intellectual offspring who, as exemplified
in Agenda 21, want to subordinate the individual to the whole, no matter
what the cost.

Rothbard and Rucker serve respectively as president and executive director
of the Committee For A Constructive Tomorrow (CFACT), a Washington-based
non-profit organization they co-founded in 1985 which promotes free-market
and safe technological solutions to current consumer and environmental concerns.
CFACT can be found on the web at www.cfact.org.