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Abstract

"Past methods for road repairs of craters caused by improvised explosive devices (IEDs) on main supply routes (MSRs) and alternative supply routes (ASRs) in Iraq and Afghanistan have been problematic. Traditional temporary and permanent solutions have proven deficient by being easily penetrable or by exposing troops for long periods of time. The use of a pre-blended rapid hardening cementitious material for lED crater repair has solved issues such as quick placement of the repair and high strength of the repair within an hour of placement. However, there are still issues with IEDs being hidden in repairs tampered by or replicated by the enemy. The current tamper detection methods such as stamping have been easily replicated by the enemy, and more advanced tamper detection solutions such as infrared system experience problems during daytime missions. In order to address these problems, this project investigated integrally and surface applied materials for use in tamper detection of lED crater repairs. A laboratory test program and performance criteria were developed for the integral and surface tamper detection materials to evaluate the tamper detection materials within/on the chosen repair material to be used for lED crater repairs. The test program evaluated compatibility, durability, mechanical and visibility properties of the tamper detection materials. Using the results from the laboratory investigation, integral and surface tamper detection were selected. The selected materials were used to develop and refine a tamper detection system. The tamper detection system for use in combination with the chosen repair material was recommended for crater repairs that reopen routes to traffic within 30 minutes to 1 hour after repair"--Abstract, page iii.