Interpretive Summary: Overall health and wellness in older individuals is related to levels of physical fitness and one’s ability to continue to do tasks of daily living. Research has suggested that vitamin D may be beneficial in maintenance of muscle mass and therefore strength. We examined the relationship between blood levels of vitamin D and indices of physical fitness in 242 healthy early postmenopausal women. Our results demonstrated a significant relationship between blood levels of vitamin D and upper body fat mass with lower levels of vitamin D contributing to a 1% higher level in upper body fat. Upper body fat is a marker of cardiovascular disease. The blood level of vitamin D was also a common contributor to greater lean mass, hand strength, better balance and greater back strength. Other important contributions to greater physical fitness were lower body weight, more servings of vegetables, and a lower white blood count which would be indicative of fewer infections. Because the blood level of vitamin D can be improved by sun exposure, a higher blood level may in suggestive of a “healthier” lifestyle that includes outdoor activities and thereby improved physical fitness.