Understanding Identify Common Purpose

Intent

This section contains the main explanatory content of the Understanding. It explains why the Guideline or Success Criterion exists and, at a high level, how to meet it.

The intent of this success criterion is to allow more support for diverse user preferences and needs by introducing the capacity for enhanced personalization. This success criterion will enable extra support for personalization, such as familiar terms and symbols are are needed for users with cognitive disabilities to be able to the web.If a user agent, either the browser or Assistive Technology knows what a control does then it can potentially provide the extra support required

This success criteria requires the author to add a greater degree of context that helps to explain the purpose or intent of various common buttons, links and <input> fields. This higher level context can help the user agents and AT provide greater support.

NOTE: This approach will initially seem similar to adding role information (as required by 4.2.1) but actually provides higher level information so the user can understand the intent or purpose of the control. For example, what action may be performed - such as opening a help page.

A user may wish to load a set of preferred symbols that is appropriate for them. These symbols can help a user comprehend intent and may be preferable. This can be via a toolbar or browser extension to overlay or replace common links or functions with these symbols.

Browser extensions can add context sensitive help for known controls. This success criterion may also benefit speech users who rely on accessible names and a clear mapping between visual labels and symbols and the accessible name used. For requirements related to Accessible Name, refer to Success Criterion refer to Success Criterion 2.4.12

Meeting the success criteria

Common ways to meet this success criteria include:

Providing the purpose of a control using autocomplete - these techniques work on all the common fields.

Providing purpose of Controls using ARIA - these techniques work on all the controls but is not yet a stable specification.

Purpose of Controls using Microdata and the ARIA vocabulary - these techniques work on all the controls but is not yet a stable specification.

Purpose of Controls using schema.org - these techniques work on the following items:

Providing purpose of controls for feilds

WCAG Item

ARIA (AUI Module)

Autocomplete

Note

Name

honorificPrefix

honorific-prefix

prefix or title (Mr., Mrs. Dr., etc.)

Name

givenName

given-name

given or first name

Name

additionalName

additional-name

additional or middle name

Name

additionalNameInitial

additional-Name-Initial

additional or middle name initial

Name

familyName

family-name

family name, surname, or last name

Name

honorificSuffix

honorific-suffix

suffix (Jr., II, etc.)

Name

nickname

nickname

nickname

Address

streetAddress

street-address

full street address condensed into one line

Address

addressLine1

address-line1

first line of street address

Address

addressLine2

address-line2

second line of street address

Address

addressLine3

address-line3

third line of street address

Address

city

city

locality or city

Address

area

area

administrative area, state, province, or region

Address

postalcode

postal-code

postal or ZIP code

Country Name

country

country

country name

Email Address

email

email

email address

Telephone Number

tel

tel

full phone number, including country code

Country Code\Telephone Number

telCountryCode

tel-country-code

international country code

Telephone Number

telNational

tel-national

national phone number: full number minus country code

Telephone Number

telAreaCode

tel-area-code

area code

Telephone Number

telLocal

tel-locals

local phone number: full number minus country and area codes

Telephone Number

telExtension

tel-extention

phone extension number

Credit Card

Credit Card Holder Name

ccName

cc-name

full name, as it appears on credit card

Credit Card

Credit Card Type

cc-type

Credit Card,

Credit Card Number

ccNumber

cc-number

credit card number

Credit Card,

Credit Card Expiration Date

ccExpMonth

cc-exp-month

month of expiration of credit card

Credit Card Expiration Date

ccExpYear

cc-exp-year

year of expiration of credit card

Credit Card Expiration Date

ccExp

cc-exp

date of expiration of credit card

Credit Card Security Code

ccCsc

cc-csc

credit card security code

Language

language

language

preferred language

Birthdate

bday

bday

birthday

Birthdate

bdayYear

bday-year

year of birthday

Birthdate

bdayMonth

bday-month

month of birthday

Birthdate

bdayDay

bday-Day

day of birthday

Organization

org

company or organization

Professional Title

organizationTitle

user's position or title within company or organization

sex

sex or gender

gender

gender identity

URL

url

Website URL

Providing purpose of controls for buttons and links

WCAG Item

Note

ARIA (AUI)

Schema.org

Table of Contents

opens a table of content

toc (aui-action)

http://schema.org/MoveAction?ToLocation=TableOfContents

The act of an agent relocating to a place. (& QualifiedLocation)

next

move to the next item in the series

next (aui-action)

http://schema.org/MoveAction?ToLocation=Next

The act of an agent relocating to a place. (& QualifiedLocation)

previous

move to the previous item in the series

previous (aui-action)

http://schema.org/MoveAction?ToLocation=Previous

The act of an agent relocating to a place. (& QualifiedLocation)

Increase

increases the level of the relevant setting

increase

http://schema.org/ControlAction/IncrementAction

An agent controls a device or application. (+ IncrementAction)

Decrease

decreases the level of the relevant setting

decreases

http://schema.org/ControlAction/DecrementAction

An agent controls a device or application. (+ DecrementalAction)

move

move the selected item

http://schema.org/MoveAction

The act of an agent relocating to a place.

UI / Page Actions

sign in

sign in to current web site or application

signin

http://schema.org/InteractAction/SignInAction

The act of interacting with another person or organization. (+ SignInAction)

sign out

sign out current web site or application

signout

http://schema.org/InteracAction/SignOutAction

The act of interacting with another person or organization. (+ SignOutAction)

sign up

register for the current web site or application

register

http://schema.org/RegisterAction

The act of registering to be a user of a service, product or web page.

upload

upload file to the server

upload

http://schema.org/ControlAction/UploadAction

An agent controls a device or application. (+ UploadAction)

expand

expand or unexpand the current item

expand

http://schema.org/ControlAction/ExpandAction

An agent controls a device or application. (+ ExpandAction)

more

Synonym for Expand

(Question to Schema.org - opinion?)

refresh

manually refresh the current contents of the screen

refresh

http://schema.org/ControlAction/RefreshAction

An agent controls a device or application. (+ RefreshAction)

print

print current page, selection or the item at the current location

print

http://schema.org/ControlAction/PrintAction

An agent controls a device or application. (+ PrintAction)

reset

resets all the controls to their initial values

reset

http://schema.org/ControlAction/ResetAction

An agent controls a device or application. (+ ResetAction)

comment

submit a comment on the current item

comment

http://schema.org/CommentAction

The act of generating a comment about a subject.

settings

open settings and options

settings

http://schema.org/ControlAction/PrintAction

An agent controls a device or application. (+ OpenSettingsAction)

opens a date control

date

http://schema.org/ControlAction/DateAction

An agent controls a device or application. (+ DateAction)

Editing Actions

open

open existing item

open

http://schema.org/ViewAction

The act of consuming static visual content.

compose

compose new item, such as an email, online document, etc.

compose

http://schema.org/WriteAction

The act of authoring written creative content.

edit

edit current item, selection, or the item at the current location

edit

http://schema.org/UpdateAction

The act of managing by changing/editing the state of the object.

cut

removes the selected control, item, or text and places it on the Clipboard (Temporary memory of the device)

cut

http://schema.org/UpdateAction/CutAction

The act of managing by changing/editing the state of the object. (+ CutAction)

copy

copies the selected control, item, or text onto the Clipboard (Temporary memory of the device)

copy

http://schema.org/UpdateAction/CopyAction

The act of managing by changing/editing the state of the object. (+ CopyAction)

paste

adds the current contents of the Clipboard (Temporary memory of the device)

paste

http://schema.org/InsertAction

The act of adding at a specific location in an ordered collection.

save

save the current content

save

http://schema.org/UpdateAction/SaveAction

The act of managing by changing/editing the state of the object. (+ SaveAction)

send

submits the form data or request to the server

http://schema.org/SendAction

The act of physically/electronically dispatching an object for transfer from an origin to a destination.

submit

Synonym for Send

submit / confirm

(Question to Schema.org - opinion?)

post

post current item. Item will be visible to other parties.

http://schema.org/WriteAction

The act of authoring written creative content.

delete

delete current item, selected control, or text

delete

http://schema.org/DeleteAction

The act of editing a recipient by removing one of its objects.

undo

revert to the state before the user's most recent changes

undo

http://schema.org/ControlAction/UndoAction

An agent controls a device or application. (+ UndoAction)

cancel

closes a dialog or similar container, and discards any unsaved changes the user may have made within that dialog or container.

cancel

http://schema.org/ControlAction/CancelAction

An agent controls a device or application. (+ CancelAction)

close

Synonym for Cancel

(Question to Schema.org - opinion?)

Email Actions

Read

Open Email

http://schema.org/ReadAction

The act of consuming written content.

reply

reply to current item such as an email

reply

http://schema.org/ReplyAction

The act of responding to a question/message asked/sent by the object.

forward (next)

forward to current item such as an email

forward

http://schema.org/ShareAction/ForwardAction

The act of distributing content to people for their amusement or edification. (+ ForwardAction)

inbox

open received folder

received

http://schema.org/WebPage/ReceivedFolder

o

sent

open sent folder

sent

http://schema.org/WebPage/SentFolder

A web page. Every web page is implicitly assumed to be declared to be of type WebPage, so the various properties about that webpage, such as breadcrumb may be used. (+ SentFolder)

Shopping Actions

add

add the selected item or the item at the current location to a list

http://schema.org/AddAction

The act of editing by adding an object to a collection.

remove

remove an item from a list

remove

http://schema.org/DeleteAction

The act of editing a recipient by removing one of its objects.

buy

buy the selected item or buy the item at the current location . Often involves adding the current item into a shopping cart.

buy

http://schema.org/BuyAction

The act of giving money to a seller in exchange for goods or services rendered. An agent buys an object, product, or service from a seller for a price.

checkout

procede to the purchase stage. Usually invokes ecommerce functions such as accepting credit cards, redirection to PayPal, etc.

http://schema.org/TradeAction/CheckoutAction

The act of participating in an exchange of goods and services for monetary compensation. An agent trades an object, product or service with a participant in exchange for a one time or periodic payment.

properties

Synonym of Expand

(Question to Schema.org - opinion?)

Link types

Criticality

Intended Function

Intended Definition

Schema.org (URL Reference / Definition)

home

initial or main page of a website or application

home

http://schema.org/WebPage/HomePage

A web page. Every web page is implicitly assumed to be declared to be of type WebPage, so the various properties about that webpage, such as breadcrumb may be used. (+ HomePage)

contact us

opes contact information for content owner or producer

contact

http://schema.org/ContactPage

Web page type: Contact page.

about us

information about the content owner or producer

about

http://schema.org/AboutPage

Web page type: About page.

our phone

phone content owner or producer

phone (aui-destination)

http://schema.org/CommunicateAction?instrument="phone"

The act of conveying information to another person via a communication medium (instrument) such as speech, email, or telephone conversation.

our email

email content owner or producer

email (aui-destination)

http://schema.org/CommunicateAction?instrument="email"

The act of conveying information to another person via a communication medium (instrument) such as speech, email, or telephone conversation.

site map

content containing a list of pages in a web site

sitemap

http://schema.org/Webpage/SiteMap

A web page. Every web page is implicitly assumed to be declared to be of type WebPage, so the various properties about that webpage, such as breadcrumb may be used. (+ SiteMap)

help

a help function, support or instructions

help

http://schema.org/CommunicateAction/HelpAction

The act of conveying information to another person via a communication medium (instrument) such as speech, email, or telephone conversation. (+HelpAction)

chat help

Human help or a dialog help function such as a chat bot

chat

http://schema.org/CommunicateAction/HelpAction?instrument=chat

The act of conveying information to another person via a communication medium (instrument) such as speech, email, or telephone conversation. (+ HelpAction)

services

services available from the content provider

services

http://schema.org/WebPage/Services

A web page. Every web page is implicitly assumed to be declared to be of type WebPage, so the various properties about that webpage, such as breadcrumb may be used. (+ ServicesPage)

products

products available from the content provider

products

http://schema.org/WebPage/Products

A web page. Every web page is implicitly assumed to be declared to be of type WebPage, so the various properties about that webpage, such as breadcrumb may be used. (+ ProductsPage)

terms

terms and conditions

terms

http://schema.org/Webpage/TermsConditions

A web page. Every web page is implicitly assumed to be declared to be of type WebPage, so the various properties about that webpage, such as breadcrumb may be used. (+ TermsPage)

language

language options

language

http://schema.org/ChooseAction?result=language

The act of expressing a preference from a set of options or a large or unbounded set of choices/options.

social

content provider on social media

social

http://schema.org/Webpage/Social

A web page. Every web page is implicitly assumed to be declared to be of type WebPage, so the various properties about that webpage, such as breadcrumb may be used. (+ Social)

(Question to Schema.org - presuming that /Social?instrument="facebook" would be acceptable?)

my profile

opens the user’s profile page

profile

http://schema.org/WebPage/ProfilePage

A web page. Every web page is implicitly assumed to be declared to be of type WebPage, so the various properties about that webpage, such as breadcrumb may be used. (+ ProfilePage)

Autocomplete notation is as follows:

Values for autocomplete

Value

Description

name

full name

honorific-prefix

prefix or title (Mr., Mrs. Dr., etc.)

given-name

given or first name

additional-name

additional or middle name

additional-name-initial

additional or middle name initial

family-name

family name, surname, or last name

honorific-suffix

suffix (Jr., II, etc.)

nickname

nickname

street-address

full street address condensed into one line

address-line1

first line of street address

address-line2

second line of street address

address-line3

third line of street address

city

locality or city

area

administrative area, state, province, or region

postalcode

postal or ZIP code

country

country name

fax

full fax number, including country code

fax-country-code

international country code

fax-national

national fax number: full number minus country code

fax-area-code

area code

fax-local

local fax number: full number minus country and area codes

fax-extension

fax extension number

email

email address

tel

full phone number, including country code

tel-country-code

international country code

tel-national

national phone number: full number minus country code

tel-area-code

area code

tel-local

local phone number: full number minus country and area codes

tel-extension

phone extension number

cc-name

full name, as it appears on credit card

cc-number

credit card number

cc-exp-month

month of expiration of credit card

cc-exp-year

year of expiration of credit card

cc-exp

date of expiration of credit card

cc-csc

credit card security code

language

preferred language

bday

birthday

bday-year

year of birthday

bday-month

month of birthday

bday-day

day of birthday

topic

Topic for the form. Typically selected from a list of reserved words

comment

comment section. Typically a free text field

subject

form subject. Typically a free text field

answer

answer to a section question

org

company or organization

organization-title

user's position or title within company or organization

sex

sex or gender

gender

gender identity

url

Website URL

photo

photo or avatar

section-*****

used to group forms together

Benefits

This explains how following the success criterion benefits particular types of users with disabilities.

Following the success criterion benefits users with particular types of, or a combination between, these disabilities in multiple ways:

This success criterion benefits people with many different cognitive disabilities including people with language related disabilities
memory related disabilities and disabilities that affects executive function and decision making.
It provideds extra support such as:

Personalization and the possibility for a familiar interface is available for users having trouble with all the different content they encounter on a daily basis

Tool tips may be shown for when the function of specific common controls is not clear (anymore)

Users for which written language is difficult to remember, symbols and graphics can be provided with which users are familiar

Language they understand:

Users for which written language is difficult to understand, symbols and graphics can be provided with which users are familiar

When using slang language or difficult words, a common (conventional) version provides the opportunity for users to understand

For users who don’t master the language of the website that well a translation to their own language is possible (e.g. foreign, dialect or sign language)

Keyboard short cuts

Additional functionality on basis of the common controls can be provided to support the user in a variety of ways, such as autocomplete

When metadata for common input controls is provided:

User agents, assistive technology and browser extensions can add context sensitive help or hide certain controls that the user finds hard to use correctly

The auto complete function of user agents is able to help add support by the filling of predetermined data

Makes personalization possible which could include loading a set of symbols that is appropriate for the specific user, ensuring that all users find the icons simple and familiar

Can provide for recognizable terms which is key for certain individuals to being able to use the web

Interfaces which change can be adjusted so that known patterns or tooltips may be shown which helps people for whom learning new things is difficult or slowed down in the course of the years and the cognitive load becomes too great

Example

For example a person growing older may find that their ability to learn new things has slowed down. This includes learning new interfaces, symbols, and designs. They may also rely on tool tips. So long as the design is one they know they can use the application and stay in the work force. When interfaces change, they may try to learn the new interface, but the cognitive load becomes too great and they need to retire. Having familiar icons and buttons can help the user work for longer.

Resources

“Together this can affect 11% of school age people and over half of people over 60 years old - including those with mild cognitive impairments and Age-Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI).” Research on these benefits can be found at [cudd-1] and the task force's issue-papers on personalization and preferences.

Techniques

This section references techniques that can be used to meet the Guideline or Success Criterion. There are sub-sections for sufficient techniques, advisory techniques, and failures.

Within each sub-section, there may be "situations" to describe when a set of techniques need to be considered. Remove the sub-section and heading if situations are not used.

Techniques are provided in an unordered list. Reference techniques by linking to the filename of the technique and using the technique ID as link text. Use unlinked plain text if the technique has not been written yet.

If more than one technique must be used for full sufficiency, list them in the same bullet separated by "AND".

If a general technique requires technology-specific techniques to be implemented, end the bullet with "using" and provide a sub-list of those techniques.

Square brackets indicate optional components.

Remove any parts of the template that are not used, such as the section and heading for situations, sub-lists of techniques, or the "AND" construction. Also remove the square brackets around placeholder optional components.

Sufficient

Techniques that are sufficient to meet the Guideline or Success Criterion.