The White House is requesting a 14 percent increase in its budget for the Department of Health and Human Services, much of it focused on the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.

The FDA wants $4.7 billion, a 21 percent increase over its 2012 budget. Much of that increase comes from new user fees it charges to the medical device and drug industries that it regulates.

The agency is also implementing the Food Safety Modernization Act, which broadened its authority to oversee safety of the nation’s food supply.

The president’s budget is unlikely to pass Congress or be enacted, but the document underscores the White House’s priorities.

HHS’s mental health arm, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, got a small increase in its budget to implement the mental health programs Obama outlined after the shootings at Sandy Hook, with an emphasis on young people and early intervention.

The high-profile mass shootings in Newtown, Conn., and Aurora, Colo., have reminded the nation of the “staggering” effect of gun violence, HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius said.

“That’s why we’re proposing a major new investment to ensure students and young adults get the [mental health] treatment they need,” she told reporters on Wednesday.

SAMHSA is putting $55 million into Project AWARE, which trains mental health workers to provide help in a crisis, and Healthy Transitions to support young people with mental health or substance abuse problems.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services would also get a significant bump in its budget, from $3.8 billion to $5.2 billion. A large piece of that — $1.5 billion — would cover the health reform law’s insurance exchanges, which are due to start covering people in 2014.

At the other end of the spectrum, the National Institutes of Health got a small, 1.5 percent, increase in its budget. And the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention withstood a small cut to its budget.

The administration cut some of CDC’s money for immunizations, preparedness and response work, cancer screening and chronic disease prevention. The agency said some of the funding for preventive health will be replaced with other money in the health reform law.

The budget also provides an increase to $9 billion for the Health Resources and Services Administration, which is responsible for promoting health care in underserved areas. It includes $2.4 billion for the Ryan White program for people living with HIV/AIDS — a small increase from 2012 levels.

The new spending is funded through several cuts from within the health system, much of it in reductions to Medicare payments to health care providers. The budget also requires wealthier Americans to pay more for Medicare.

The White House proposed reductions in payments to hospitals to help them cover “bad debt” — or unpaid bills, reductions in indirect graduate medical education funding, reductions in payments to post-acute care facilities, such as nursing homes, and requiring drugmakers to provide rebates to patients in Medicaid and Medicare.

As expected, the cuts — many of which have long circulated in Washington in various debt reduction proposals — were widely protested on Wednesday.

“Addressing our nation’s fiscal challenges and increasing the efficiency of our health care system are critical path goals which demand creative, reasoned and sustainable solutions,” said Chip Kahn, president of the Federation of American Hospitals. “Proposals that would continue to cut critical reimbursement to hospitals are counterproductive, mask efforts to attack the true drivers of cost in the health care system and will make the task of finding a durable solution addressing Medicare’s fiscal viability even more difficult.”