crosvm - The Chrome OS Virtual Machine Monitor

This component, known as crosvm, runs untrusted operating systems along with virtualized devices. No actual hardware is emulated. This only runs VMs through the Linux's KVM interface. What makes crosvm unique is a focus on safety within the programming language and a sandbox around the virtual devices to protect the kernel from attack in case of an exploit in the devices.

Usage

To see the usage information for your version of crosvm, run crosvm or crosvm run --help.

Boot a Kernel

To run a very basic VM with just a kernel and default devices:

$ crosvm run "${KERNEL_PATH}"

The uncompressed kernel image, also known as vmlinux, can be found in your kernel build directory in the case of x86 at arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.

Rootfs

In most cases, you will want to give the VM a virtual block device to use as a root file system:

$ crosvm run -r "${ROOT_IMAGE}""${KERNEL_PATH}"

The root image must be a path to a disk image formatted in a way that the kernel can read. Typically this is a squashfs image made with mksquashfs or an ext4 image made with mkfs.ext4. By using the -r argument, the kernel is automatically told to use that image as the root, and therefore can only be given once. More disks can be given with -d or --rwdisk if a writable disk is desired.

To run crosvm with a writable rootfs:

WARNING: Writable disks are at risk of corruption by a malicious or malfunctioning guest OS.

crosvm run --rwdisk "${ROOT_IMAGE}"-p "root=/dev/vda" vmlinux

NOTE: If more disks arguments are added prior to the desired rootfs image, the root=/dev/vda must be adjusted to the appropriate letter.

Control Socket

If the control socket was enabled with -s, the main process can be controlled while crosvm is running. To tell crosvm to stop and exit, for example:

NOTE: If the socket path given is for a directory, a socket name underneath that path will be generated based on crosvm's PID.

This will cause the original crosvm process to exit in an orderly fashion, allowing it to clean up any OS resources that might have stuck around if crosvm were terminated early.

Multiprocess Mode

By default crosvm runs in multiprocess mode. Each device that supports running inside of a sandbox will run in a jailed child process of crosvm. The appropriate minijail seccomp policy files must be present either in /usr/share/policy/crosvm or in the path specified by the --seccomp-policy-dir argument. The sandbox can be disabled for testing with the --disable-sandbox option.

Virtio Wayland

Virtio Wayland support requires special support on the part of the guest and as such is unlikely to work out of the box unless you are using a Chrome OS kernel along with a termina rootfs.

To use it, ensure that the XDG_RUNTIME_DIR enviroment variable is set and that the path $XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/wayland-0 points to the socket of the Wayland compositor you would like the guest to use.

Defaults

The following are crosvm's default arguments and how to override them.

256MB of memory (set with -m)

1 virtual CPU (set with -c)

no block devices (set with -r, -d, or --rwdisk)

no network (set with --host_ip, --netmask, and --mac)

virtio wayland support if XDG_RUNTIME_DIR enviroment variable is set (disable with --no-wl)

only the kernel arguments necessary to run with the supported devices (add more with -p)

run in single process mode (run in multiprocess mode with -u)

no control socket (set with -s)

System Requirements

A Linux kernel with KVM support (check for /dev/kvm) is required to run crosvm. In order to run certain devices, there are additional system requirements:

virtio-wayland - The memfd_create syscall, introduced in Linux 3.17, and a Wayland compositor.

virtio-net - Host Linux kernel with TUN/TAP support (check for /dev/net/tun) and running with CAP_NET_ADMIN privileges.

Emulated Devices

Device

Description

CMOS/RTC

Used to get the current calendar time.

i8042

Used by the guest kernel to exit crosvm.

serial

x86 I/O port driven serial devices that print to stdout and take input from stdin.

virtio-block

Basic read/write block device.

virtio-net

Device to interface the host and guest networks.

virtio-rng

Entropy source used to seed guest OS's entropy pool.

virtio-vsock

Enabled VSOCKs for the guests.

virtio-wayland

Allowed guest to use host Wayland socket.

Contributing

Code Health

build_test

There are no automated tests run before code is committed to crosvm. In order to maintain sanity, please execute build_test before submitting code for review. All tests should be passing or ignored and there should be no compiler warnings or errors. All supported architectures are built, but only tests for x86_64 are run. In order to build everything without failures, sysroots must be supplied for each architecture. See build_test -h for more information.

rustfmt

All code should be formatted with rustfmt. Run cargo fmt --all to autoformat your code before checking in a change.

Dependencies

With a few exceptions, external dependencies inside of the Cargo.toml files are not allowed. The reason being that community made crates tend to explode the binary size by including dozens of transitive dependencies. All these dependencies also must be reviewed to ensure their suitability to the crosvm project. Currently allowed crates are: