American Dipper

Cinclus mexicanus

Order

Family

Code 4

Code 6

ITIS

ILLUSTRATION

PHOTOS

CONSERVATION STATUS

The American Dipper occurs along cold, clean, rushing rivers and streams in western North America south to western Panama. The range of the American Dipper is quite large and estimated to be nearly 5 million square kilometers. The American Dipper's population is thought to be around 190,000 individual birds. In 2000 the American Dipper had an evaluation of Lower Concern, but since that time the evaluation has been downgraded to a Least Concern due the fact that there is no immediate concern regarding population levels.

Range and Habitat

American Dipper: Found from central Alaska and Yukon south, throughout the Rocky Mountains, Cascades, and Sierra Nevada, and as far south as Mexico and Panama. Inhabits swift flowing mountain streams; less frequently found along mountain ponds and lakes. Occasionally appears on rocky coasts during winter.

American Dipper SONGS AND CALLS

American Dipper C1

Your browser does not support the audio element.

Call is a harsh, quick "zeet-zeet-zeet".

American Dipper C2

Your browser does not support the audio element.

Song is a series of high-pitched whistles and trills.

Similar Sounding

Voice Text

"zzeip, zzreip, rreip"

INTERESTING FACTS

This species is equipped with an extra eyelid called a nictitating membrane that allows it to see underwater, and scales that close its nostrils when submerged.

To be able to survive in cold waters during the winter, the American Dipper has a low metabolic rate, extra oxygen-carrying capacity in its blood, and a thick coat of feathers.

Unlike most other songbirds, it molts its wing and tail feathers all at once in the late summer. It is flightless during this time.

RANGE MAP NORTH AMERICA

About this North America Map

FAMILY DESCRIPTION

The PASSERIFORMES (pronounced pas-ser-i-FOR-meez) is a large taxonomic order that counts swallows, warblers, bushtits, and dippers among its one hundred eighteen families of birds.

FAMILY TAXONOMY

The Cinclidae (pronounced SIN-kluh-dee), or dipper family, is composed of five species in one genus ranging in the Americas and Eurasia.

NORTH AMERICA

In North America, one species of dipper in one genus is found. This species is the American Dipper.

KNOWN FOR

Dippers are known for their highly aquatic behavior. Like all members of this family, the American Dipper frequently submerges into the water of streams and lakes in search of prey, sometimes even appearing to swim or even walk along the bottom.

PHYSICAL

Dippers are fairly small, plump birds with short tails, short wings, and longish, strong legs and feet. They also have rounded heads and straight, pointed, medium length bills.

COLORATION

The American Dipper is a slate gray bird with darker plumage on the head. Even the legs of this species are gray. Other members of the Cinclidae elsewhere in the world are dark brown, and depending on the species, can show white or rufous throats, or a white crown.

GEOGRAPHIC HABITAT

In North America, the American Dipper is a bird of the coasts and mountains of western Canada and the United States. It also occurs in the mountains of Mexico and Central America. Like other members of the Cinclidae, the American Dipper only occurs along healthy, clean streams and rivers. It also occurs less often at mountain ponds and lakes, and along the coast in the winter.

MIGRATION

The American Dipper does not migrate although it may move to lower elevations during the winter to search for open water.

HABITS

Dippers are solitary birds that feed at the edge and underneath the water, walking along stream beds to forage for small creatures among the rocks and gravel. Like other birds that live near rivers, they have high-pitched vocalizations loud enough to be heard over the rushing water. They often make bobbing, or “dipping” movements from which they get their name.

CONSERVATION

The American Dipper is not threatened although it is susceptible to alteration and pollution of its river habitats.

INTERESTING FACTS

Dippers have some interesting adaptations for their aquatic behavior. They have pale, nictating membranes for protecting their eyes when underwater, a thick coat of feathers to keep them warm, nasal flaps to keep water out of the nose, and a high capacity for carrying oxygen in their bloodstream which allows them to stay underwater longer.