What Is Anti-Utopianism? Gray, Jacoby, Jameson

STEFAN SKRIMSHIRE IS POST-DOCTORAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATE IN POLITICS AND RELIGION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UK. HE IS AUTHOR OF POLITICS OF FEAR, PRACTICES OF HOPE (FORTHCOMING WITH CONTINUUM, 2008).

The subject of utopianism in contemporary political life has experienced a revival of interest in the last few years. One of the most polemical contributions is John Gray’s Black Mass: Apocalyptic Religion and the Death of Utopia. One of the greatest benefits of this book is to paint for us an accurate picture of what a contemporary anti-utopian looks like. For Gray’s position, it appears, is that utopian beliefs lead to ridicule at best and totalitarian violence at worst. In this essay I shall argue that this position ignores many nuances of utopian thought that operate today in, among other places, nonviolent movements of political resistance. As a means of critiquing Gray’s pessimism, I refer to two recent works that attempt to tease out this complexity within utopian thought itself: Russell Jacoby’s Future Imperfect: Utopian Thought for an Anti-Utopian Age (2005) and Frederic Jameson’s Archaeologies of the Future: Utopia and other Science Fictions (2005).