Tested with 110 persons in the Rochester area who were attending one of five psychosocial clubs or day treatment centers. Used in Crisis Hostel Project with experimental and control groups. Interviews conducted at baseline, 6 month, and 12 month intervals.

Extra-organizational Empowerment Scales

2 items
Likert scales

Tested with 310 longterm consumers of four SHAs in the San Francisco Bay Area. 241 follow-up interviews were conducted.