In our days, growing incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria has become an eminent public health problem. For survival Gram-negative species possess several different tools to withstand antibiotics: they produce degrading and modifying enzymes, decrease their permeability or expel drug molecules. An increasing proportion of severe nosocomial infections are caused by strains resistant to several antimicrobials (multiresistant, extensively resistant or panresistant species). Development of new antibiotic compounds may serve as a possible solution to this problem...

This study aimed to characterize a novel multi-drug-resistance megaplasmid carrying qnrVC6 and blaIMP-45 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain Guangzhou-Pae617 isolated from a hospital in Guangzhou, China in 2012. The plasmid pBM413 has a length of 423,017 bp and an average G+C content of 56.41%. A qnrVC6 gene flanked by two copies of ISCR1 elements, a multiresistance class 1 integron In786 containing aacA4→blaIMP-45→blaOXA-1→catB3 cassettes, an armA gene and an aphA7 gene flanked by two copies of IS26 elements were identified...

BACKGROUND: Rhodotorula species have traditionally been considered as one of common non-virulent environmental inhabitant. They have emerged as an opportunistic pathogen, particularly in immunocompromised hosts and most infections have been associated with intravenous catheters in these patients. OBJECTIVE: We review the isolates in blood cultures of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa in our Hospital. We describe the demographic and clinical features of the cases and the antifungal susceptibility profiles of the isolates...

The Staphylococcus aureus ClpXP protease is an important regulator of cell homeostasis and virulence. Here we utilize a high-throughput screen against the ClpXP complex and identify a specific inhibitor of the ClpX chaperone that disrupts its oligomeric state. Synthesis of 34 derivatives revealed that the molecular scaffold is restrictive for diversification with only minor changes tolerated. Subsequent analysis of the most active compound revealed strong attenuation of S. aureus toxin production which was quantified via a customized MS-based assay platform...

OBJECTIVE: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by resistant organisms are increasing which poses challenges when selecting empirical antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this study is to determine risk factors for multiresistant Escherichia coliUTIs in children. DESIGN: We included all reported urinary isolates from a children's hospital collected between January 2010 and June 2013. Patients who had multiresistant E. coliUTIs were identified and a retrospective review of medical records performed...

INTRODUCTION: Although there has been a decrease in the number of cases of salmonellosis in the European Union, it still represents the primary cause of foodborne outbreaks. In Calabria region, data are lacking for the incidence of human non-typhoid salmonellosis as active surveillance has never been carried out. OBJECTIVE: To report the results of a laboratory and patient-based morbidity survey in Calabria to describe the incidence and distribution of Salmonella serovars isolated from humans, with a focus on antimicrobial resistance patterns...

Topical therapy is an important domain in the treatment of dermatological diseases in the 21st century. Because multiresistant bacteria are becoming an increasing issue in medical care of chronic diseases, it is important to develop appropriate therapeutic management for acute and chronic dermatoses. The current discussion about the skin microbiota shows the importance of preserving the resident skin flora. There is a need for alternatives to topical antibiotics, e. g. topical antiseptics, which should be safe, fast, and effective but not allergenic or toxic...

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the major nosocomial infections. In more than 80% of cases it is related to the use of urological devices, especially linked to the misuse of urinary catheters. Empirical treatment should be based on local epidemiology, severity criteria and risk of multiresistant bacteria. This review shows the most important aspects of nosocomial UTI, as well as the recommendations for correct treatment adjustment; both empirical and definitive, that is the great challenge to avoid multiresistance, as well as to avoid unnecessary treatments...

Dissemination of multiresistance has been accelerating among pathogenic bacteria in recent decades. The broad host-range conjugative plasmids of the IncA/C family are effective vehicles of resistance determinants in Gram-negative bacteria. Although more than 150 family members have been sequenced to date, their conjugation system and other functions encoded by the conserved plasmid backbone have been poorly characterized. The key cis-acting locus, the origin of transfer (oriT), has not yet been unambiguously identified...

BACKGROUND: Fluoroquinolone resistance in nontyphoidal Salmonella is a situation of serious and international concern, particularly in S. Typhimurium DT104B multiresistant strains. Although known to be multifactorial, fluoroquinolone resistance is still far from a complete understanding. AIM AND METHODS: To evaluate subproteome changes between an experimentally selected fluoroquinolone-resistant strain (Se6-M) and its parent strain (Se6), and also in Se6-M under ciprofloxacin (CIP) stress, in order to give new insights into the mechanisms involved...

The worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance has led to search of alternatives anti-microbial therapies such as photodynamic inactivation. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the photodynamic activity in vitro of a neutral and two cationic Zn phthalocyanines. Their photokilling activity was tested on Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC)-producing. After treating bacteria with phthalocyanines, the cultures were irradiated with white light. As a result, the bacteria were inactivated in presence of cationic phthalocyanines...

TheMycobacterium abscessus complex is a group of rapidly growing, multiresistant mycobacteria previously divided into three species. Proposal for the union of Mycobacterium bolletii and Mycobacterium massiliense into one subspecies, so-called M. abscessus subsp. massiliense, created much confusion about the routine identification and reporting of M. abscessus clinical isolates for clinicians. Results derived from multigene sequencing unambiguously supported the reinstatement of M. massiliense and M. bolletii as species, culminating in the presence of erm(41)-encoded macrolide resistance in M...

Major health challenges as the increasing number of cases of infections by antibiotic multiresistant microorganisms and cases of Alzheimer's disease have led to searching new control drugs. The present study aims to verify a new way of obtaining bioactive extracts from filamentous fungi with potential antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities, using epigenetic modulation to promote the expression of genes commonly silenced. For such finality, five filamentous fungal species (Talaromyces funiculosus, Talaromyces islandicus, Talaromyces minioluteus, Talaromyces pinophilus, Penicillium janthinellum) were grown or not with DNA methyltransferases inhibitors (procainamide or hydralazine) and/or a histone deacetylase inhibitor (suberohydroxamic acid)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The number of patients with multiresistant bacteria (MRB) in rehabilitation facilities is increasing. The increasing costs of hygienic isolation measures reduce resources available for core rehabilitation services. In addition to the existing lack of care, patients with MRB are at further risk of being given lower priority for admission to rehabilitation facilities. Therefore, the Hygiene Commission of the German Society for Neurorehabilitation (DGNR) attempted to quantify the overall risk for deterioration of rehabilitation care due to the financial burden of MRB...

BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli O157 is an important food-borne pathogen that can cause diarrhoea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uraemic syndrome. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC-PCR) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) are good methods for molecular typing and the extensive use of antibiotics is a contributing factor to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial-resistant for these strains. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic diversity of E...

The folate receptor (FR) is expressed in a variety of gynecological cancer types. It has been widely used for tumor targeting with folic acid conjugates of diagnostic and therapeutic probes. The cervical KB tumor cells have evolved as the standard model for preclinical investigations of folate-based (radio) conjugates. In this study, a panel of FR-expressing human cancer cell lines-including cervical (HeLa, KB, KB-V1), ovarian (IGROV-1, SKOV-3, SKOV-3.ip), choriocarcinoma (JAR, BeWo) and endometrial (EFE-184) tumor cells-was investigated in vitro and for their ability to grow as xenografts in mice...

BACKGROUND: Device-Associated Healthcare-Associated Infections (DA-HAI), including Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP), Central-Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI), and Catheter-Related Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI), are considered as principal contributors to healthcare hazard and threat to patient safety as they can cause prolonged hospital stay, sepsis, and mortality in the ICU. The study intends to characterize DA-HAI in a tertiary care multidisciplinary ICU of a teaching hospital in eastern India...

INTRODUCTION: Intensive care units are favourable environment for infections, many of them are caused by antibiotic resistant bacteria. AIM: Identifying risk factors of ICU-acquired multiresistant infections. METHOD: We performed observational study on two academic intensive care units (a multidisciplinary and a surgical ICU) between 01/09/2014 and 30/11/2015. Patients with a first infection caused by predefined organisms (P. aeruginosa, E...

Escherichia coli C20, isolated from domestic chicken gut microbiota, demonstrated multidrug resistance to the tested antibiotics. Here, we present the draft genomic sequences of E. coli C20, along with that of its plasmid. The final assembly yielded a chromosome of 4,640,940 bp and plasmid of 277,380 bp, with average coverages of 146.95-fold and 35.63-fold, respectively.