Differential Dx

Beware

Testicular pathology

AAA

Sepsis (+/- ureteric obstruction)

Pneumonic / lower lobe pathology

Cholecystitis

Management

Mild to moderate pyelonephritis can be treated on an outpatient basis with fluoroquinolones such as Ciprofloxacin. More severe or complicated cases require admission to hospital with early upper tract imaging and wide spectrum antibiotics such as Ampicillin and Gentamicin.