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How to reduce cancer risk

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Contentso Part 1: About World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF UK) and the evidence on lifestyle and cancer risk (slides 3 – 15)o Part 2: WCRF UK’s Recommendations for Cancer Prevention (slides 16 – 38)o Part 3: The role of health professionals, current awareness levels and how WCRF UK can help (slides 39 – 48) 2 2

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About WCRF UKo Our vision World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF UK) helps people make choices that reduce their chances of developing cancero Our mission To fund research on the relationship of nutrition, physical activity and weight management to cancer risk To interpret the accumulated scientific literature in the field To educate people about choices they can make to reduce their chances of developing cancer 4

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The burden of cancero Cancer is a major cause of death, disability and lost life yearso In 2008/9, estimated NHS expenditure on cancer services was over £5 billiono Cancer is mostly environmentally determined and largely preventable 6

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A largely preventable diseaseo About a third of the most common cancers in the UK could be prevented if everyone ate a healthy diet, was physically active, and maintained a healthy weighto This equates to around 80,000 cases a yearo Enough to fill Wembley Stadium! 7

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The evidence behind WCRF UK’s message o 2007 Second Expert Report o Six years to produce o Involved over 200 scientists o Independent observers, including the FAO, WHO and UNICEF o Examined all the available evidence from around the world 13

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The evidence behind WCRF UK’s message o Initial sweep found half a million studies o Screened down to 7,000 that were relevant and robust o Findings reviewed by an independent Expert Panel of 21 of the world’s top researchers o Only the strongest evidence was used as the basis for WCRF UK’s Recommendations for Cancer Prevention 14

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Part 2: WCRF UK’s Recommendations for Cancer Prevention1. Be as lean as possible without becoming underweight2. Be physically active for at least 30 minutes every day3. Avoid sugary drinks. Limit consumption of energy-dense foods (particularly processed foods high in added sugar, or low in fibre, or high in fat)4. Eat more of a variety of vegetables, fruits, wholegrains, and pulses5. Limit consumption of red meats and avoid processed meats 16

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6. If consumed at all, limit alcoholic drinks to 2 for men and 1 for women a day7. Limit consumption of salty foods and foods processed with salt (sodium)8. Don’t use supplements to protect against cancer Special population Recommendations:9. It is best for mothers to breastfeed exclusively for up to 6 months and then add other liquids and foods10. After treatment, cancer survivors should follow the Recommendations for Cancer Prevention And, always remember – do not smoke or chew tobacco 17

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Recommendation 2: Be physically active for at least 30 minutes every dayo Any form of physical activity can help to protect against bowel and breast cancero And reduce the risk of becoming overweighto The more, the better! 20

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Recommendation 3: Avoid sugary drinks. Limit consumption of energy-dense foods (particularly processed foods high in added sugar, or low in ﬁbre, or high in fat).o Sugary drinks and energy-dense foods are linked to weight gaino Contain more than about 225-275 kcal per 100go Contain more fat and sugar 22

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Recommendation 4: Eat more of a variety of vegetables, fruits, wholegrains, and pulses such as beans.o Aim for at least 5 A DAY! Vegetables and fruits help to protect against a range of cancerso Include wholegrains or pulses with every mealo These foods tend to be less energy dense – help us avoid weight gaino Contain plenty of water and fibre – fibre can help prevent bowel cancer 25

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Recommendation 7: Limit consumption of salty foods and foods processed with salt (sodium)o High-salt diets are linked to stomach cancero Aim for less than 6g a day – about a level teaspoonfulo Most of the salt in our diet comes from processed foods such as bread, cereals, ready meals and sweet foods such as biscuits! 32

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Recommendation 8: Dont use supplements to protect against cancero The best option is a balanced dieto High dose supplements of some nutrients can affect the risk of different cancerso Some people can benefit from taking supplements for other reasons – refer patients to their GP 34

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Recommendation 9: It is best for mothers to breastfeed exclusively for up to 6 months and then add other liquids and food.o Breastfeeding can protect mothers from breast cancero Having been breastfed can protect children from becoming overweight and obese 36

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Recommendation 10: After treatment, cancer survivors should follow the Recommendations for Cancer Prevention.o Cancer survivors are people who are living with a diagnosis of cancero Growing evidence shows physical activity and other measures that help us maintain a healthy weight may help to prevent cancer recurrenceo Seek advice from an appropriately trained consultant or dietitian 37

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The role of health professionals Health professionals are a trusted source of health information.You:o Can give advice on wellbeing and prevention, not just diagnosis and management of diseaseo Meet people when they are open to and in need of health promotion messageso Take the lead in promoting health to colleagues, other professionals and other actor groupso Be effective in delivering successful behaviour change initiatives 40

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Awareness of risk factorsYouGov Survey Results August 2011 (2029 subjects – general public)“Which, if any, of the following do you think increasesyour risk of getting cancer?” o 86% of people identified smoking o Only 60% identified a poor diet or being overweight o Only 50% of respondents identified physical inactivity as a cancer risk factor o Only 57% identified drinking alcohol 41

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Thank you for listening tothis presentationo To give WCRF UK feedback on this presentation, their health professionals’ web section, their monthly eNews or any of the WCRF UK resources, email informed@wcrf.orgReview date: December 2013 48