The charter colonies.
The proprietary colonies.
The royal colonies.
The colonial governor.
The Lords of Trade and Plantations.
The King.

CHAPTER X

“LIBERTY, PROPERTY, AND NO STAMPS”

%105. The New Provinces.%—­The acquisition
of Canada and the Mississippi valley made it necessary
for England to provide for their defense and government.
To do this she began by establishing three new provinces.

In Canada she marked out the province of Quebec, part
of the south boundary of which is now the north boundary
of New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine.

In the South, out of the territory given by Spain,
she made two provinces, East and West Florida.
The north boundary of West Florida was (1764) a parallel
of latitude through the junction of the Yazoo and
Mississippi rivers. The north boundary of East
Florida was part of the boundary of the present state.
The territory between the Altamaha and the St. Marys
rivers was “annexed to Georgia.”

%106. The Proclamation Line.%—­By the
same proclamation which established these provinces,
a line was drawn around the head waters of all the
rivers in the United States which flow into the Atlantic
Ocean, and the colonists were forbidden to settle
to the west of it. All the valley from the Great
Lakes to West Florida, and from the proclamation line
to the Mississippi, was set apart for the Indians.

%107. The Country to be defended.%—­Having
thus provided for the government of the newly acquired
territory, it next became necessary to provide for
its defense; for nobody doubted that both France and
Spain would some day attempt to regain their lost
possessions. Arrangements were therefore made
to bring over an army of 10,000 regular troops, scatter
them over the country from Canada to Florida, and maintain
them partly at the expense of the colonies and partly
at the expense of the crown.

[Illustration: THE BRITISH COLONIES IN 1764]

The share to be paid by the colonies was to be raised

1. By enforcing the old trade and navigation
laws.

2. By a tax on sugar and molasses brought into
the country.

3. By a stamp tax.

%108. Trial without Jury.%—­In order
to enforce the old laws, naval vessels were sent to
sail up and down the coast and catch smugglers.
Offenders when seized were to be tried in some vice-admiralty
court, where they could not have trial by jury.[1]