Population genetics

Small populations are dominated by unique patterns of variance, largely characterized by rapid drift of allele frequencies.
Although the variance components of genetic datasets have long been recognized, most population genetic studies still treat all sampling locations equally despite differences in sampling and effective population sizes.
Because excluding the effects of variance can lead to significant biases in historical reconstruction, variance components should be incorporated (...)

Small populations are dominated by unique patterns of variance, largely characterized by rapid drift of allele frequencies.
Although the variance components of genetic datasets have long been recognized, most population genetic studies still treat all sampling locations equally despite differences in sampling and effective population sizes.
Because excluding the effects of variance can lead to significant biases in historical reconstruction, variance components should be incorporated (...)

WP
Gene flow has been observed in humans. For example, in the United States, gene flow was observed between a white European population and a black West African population, which were recently brought together.
In West Africa, where malaria is prevalent, the Duffy antigen provides some resistance to the disease, and this allele is thus present in nearly all of the West African population.
In contrast, Europeans have either the allele Fya or Fyb, because malaria is almost non-existent. By (...)