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Humanities

... and beyond

1. What were the major terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
2. Who were the Allied leaders? Why did the Allied leaders set these terms?
3. How did Germany respond to the terms (rules) of the Treaty of Versailles in the years after the Treaty was enact

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To add some more....

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The belief that spread in Germany in the immediate post (ww1) years was that the German Army was not defeated, whilst the Nazi party did not invent this myth, they certainly enthusiastically exploited is to portray the ruling elite and Versailles in the worst possible light.
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The treaty itself (as mentioned above) created redrew boundaries in the east which affected Russia (Russia played no part in drafting the Treaty) which in many ways were punitive to Russia

Germany themselves were not permitted to take part in the drafting of the treaty and withdrew from the proceedings during its creation, but were then presented with a humiliating outcome and threatened with an immediate allied invasion if they refused to sign

Even though only a tiny part of the reparations were repaid in the immediate post war years they placed a significant strain on the German economy and at the very least were a contributory factor in the Hyper Inflation experienced in the 20's

Ironically the Versailles treaty was fairly mild in comparison to the terms forced upon Russia in the 1919 Treaty of Brest Litovsk which the Germans annexed vast swathes of territory and resources

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See below.

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Perhaps the most crucial aspect of the terms of the Versailles Treaty was in its treatment of Germany. Germany was severely punished through loss of territory as European boundaries were withdrawn and crippling war reparations to the victorious allies. Their military forces were also severely restricted.

The main leaders at Versailles were Clemenceau (France), Lloyd George (Britain) and Wilson (USA). They set these terms because they were the victors, they blamed Germany for the conflict, they could take desired territory, and they wanted to make sure that Germany could never launch another attack.

The measures were largely counter-productive. Although the Weimar government in Germany in the 1920's managed to stage an economic recovery, largely based on American loans to pay the reparations, when Wall Street crashed, Germany was consequently hit particularly hard. On top of this there was hyper inflation and the major German Banks also crashed. Millions were unemployed.

The impact of Versailles fed the hatred of the German right who felt that the German army and people had been betrayed by their leaders in surrendering. They also argued that Versailles was part of a world Jewish/Bolshevik conspiracy to gain global control.

Initially movements like Hitler's had little political success. For example in 1928 the Nazis gained less than 3% of the vote in elections. Yet when the crash came the Jewish scapegoat proved to be very popular and within 4 years Hitler was Chancellor.

Much of this situation was exacerbated if not caused by the draconian measures against Germany contained in Versailles.