The authors confront an assertion made not only by Israeli Arabs and radical leftists, but also by a large and growing number of Israeli academicians: that Israel's definition as both a Jewish and a democratic state represents a paradox, or an oxymoron. (Especially criticized is Israel's Law of Return.) But the authors demonstrate that this assertion is based on fundamentally flawed assumptions. They examine the distinctions between these assumptions and the real content of Israeli law, and further examine parallel laws and policies in other countries in contemporary Asia and Europe.