Streetscapes and parks in most urban centres have been improved significantly. There has also been some revitalisation of strip and village shopping centres. Energy efficiency in residences has improved as a consequence of a variety of energy efficiency programs and increased use of insulation in buildings. The reuse of treated wastewater and stormwater is increasing, but is still at low levels. Domestic water use per capita declined for most large urban centres during the 1990s because of water pricing, consumer education, use of water-saving appliances and higher residential densities (linked to lower outdoor water use). [Key findings]