The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
(PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge
various aspects of human development, including individual
differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
measure was the Exposure to Violence (ETV), administered to the
primary caregiver (PC) of subjects belonging to Cohorts 3 to 15. It
assessed the PC's perception of the subject's experience of exposure
to different types of violent acts, as well as how exposure to
violence my have affected the PC, his or her family, and friends.

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
(PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families,
schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development.
One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge
various aspects of human development, including individual
differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such
measure was the Exposure to Violence (ETV), administered to the
primary caregiver (PC) of subjects belonging to Cohorts 3 to 15. It
assessed the PC's perception of the subject's experience of exposure
to different types of violent acts, as well as how exposure to
violence my have affected the PC, his or her family, and friends.

Guidelines for Applying for Restricted Data

Before you begin an application you will need the following information to complete the form

General Requirements:

appointment at research institution; appointment must be under the jurisdiction of the receiving institution

degree requirements (possibly doctorate)

Must be submitted:

project description

IRB approval

approved security plan

roster of research and IT staff who can access or view the data or computer where data are hosted.

confidentiality pledges for all people on roster

Some require:

CV's

Access to these data is restricted. Users interested in obtaining these data must complete a Restricted Data Use Agreement, specify the reasons for the request, and obtain IRB approval or notice of exemption for their research.

Any public-use data files in this collection are available for access by the general public.
Access does not require affiliation with an ICPSR member institution.

Universe:
Children, adolescents, young adults, and their primary
caregivers, living in the city of Chicago in 1994.

Data Type(s):
survey data

Data Collection Notes:

(1) The Murray Research Center conducted the initial
data and documentation processing for this collection. (2) At present,
only a restricted version of the data is available (see RESTRICTIONS
field). A downloadable version of the data is slated to be available
in the near future.

Methodology

Study Purpose:

Project on Human Development in Chicago
Neighborhoods

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN)
was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools,
and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. It was
designed to advance the understanding of the developmental pathways of
both positive and negative human social behaviors. In particular, the
project examined the causes and pathways of juvenile delinquency,
adult crime, substance abuse, and violence. At the same time, the
project provided a detailed look at the environments in which these
social behaviors took place by collecting substantial amounts of data
about urban Chicago, including its people, institutions, and
resources.

Longitudinal Cohort Study

One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which
was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over
6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and
their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing
circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics,
that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial
behaviors. The age cohorts include birth (0), 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18
years. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge
various aspects of human development, including individual
differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences.

Exposure to Violence (Primary Caregiver)

The data files contain information from the Exposure to Violence
(ETV) protocol (Primary Caregiver version). The PHDCN version of the
ETV was adapted from the most widely used measure of exposure to
violence, the Survey of Children's Exposure to Community Violence,
designed to assess the frequency with which a child was victimized by,
witnessed, or heard about 20 different forms of violence and violence
related activities in the community. This version of the ETV
instrument used in the PHDCN Longitudinal Cohort study was designed to
assess the subject's experience of exposure to four different types of
violent acts from the perspective of the primary caregiver. These
include: seeing someone shoved, kicked, or punched, seeing someone
attacked with a knife, hearing a gunshot, and seeing someone shot. The
purpose of the ETV protocol was to advance current understanding of
the frequency, form, and consequences of child and adolescent exposure
to violence.

Study Design:

Project on Human Development in Chicago
Neighborhoods

The city of Chicago was selected as the
research site for the PHDCN because of its extensive racial, ethnic,
and social-class diversity. The project collapsed 847 census tracts in
the city of Chicago into 343 neighborhood clusters (NCs) based upon
seven groupings of racial/ethnic composition and three levels of
socioeconomic status. The NCs were designed to be ecologically
meaningful. They were composed of geographically contiguous census
tracts, and geographic boundaries and knowledge of Chicago's
neighborhoods were considered in the definition of the NCs. Each NC
was comprised of approximately 8,000 people.

Longitudinal Cohort Study

For the Longitudinal Cohort Study, a stratified probability sample
of 80 neighborhoods was selected. The 80 NCs were sampled from the 21
strata (seven racial/ethnic groups by three socioeconomic levels) with
the goal of representing the 21 cells as equally as possible to
eliminate the confounding between racial/ethnic mix and socioeconomic
status. Once the 80 NCs were chosen, then block groups were selected
at random within each of the sample neighborhoods. A complete listing
of dwelling units was collected for all sampled block groups. Pregnant
women, children, and young adults in seven age cohorts (birth, 3, 6,
9, 12, 15, and 18 years) were identified through in-person screening
of approximately 40,000 dwelling units within the 80 NCs. The
screening response rate was 80 percent. Children within six months of
the birthday that qualified them for the sample were selected for
inclusion in the Longitudinal Cohort Study. A total of 8,347
participants were identified through the screening. Of the eligible
study participants, 6,228 were interviewed.

For all cohorts except 0 and 18, primary caregivers as well as the
child were interviewed. The primary caregiver was the person found to
spend the most time taking care of the child. Separate research
assistants administered the primary caregiver interviews and the child
interviews. The primary method of data collection was face-to-face
interviewing, although participants who refused to complete the
personal interview were administered a phone interview. Interviews
were conducted in Spanish, English, and Polish. In Wave 1 the complete
protocol was translated into Spanish and Polish. An interpreter was
hired for participants who spoke a language other than English,
Spanish, or Polish. Depending on the age and wave of data collection,
participants were paid between $5 and $20 per interview. Other
incentives, such as free passes to museums, the aquarium, and monthly
drawing prizes were also included.

Interview protocols included a wide range of questions. For
example, some questions assessed impulse control and sensation-seeking
traits, cognitive and language development, leisure activities,
delinquency and substance abuse, friends' activities, and
self-perception, attitudes, and values. Caregivers were also
interviewed about family structure, parent characteristics,
parent-child relationships, parent discipline styles, family mental
health, and family history of criminal behavior and drug use.

Exposure to Violence (Primary Caregiver)

Completed between 1994 and 1997, the Exposure to Violence (ETV)
instrument was completed by the primary caregiver of subjects
belonging to Cohorts 3 to 15 of the PHDCN Longitudinal Cohort
Study. The ETV instrument was designed to assess the subject's
experience of exposure to four different types of violent acts. These
include: seeing someone shoved, kicked, or punched, seeing someone
attacked with a knife, hearing a gunshot, and seeing someone
shot. This measure also assessed the location and frequency of such
events, as well as the identification of victim(s) and/or
perpetrator(s), and the subject's relationship to that both (e.g.,
parent, friend, sibling, etc.).

Sample:
Stratified probability sample.

Weight:
none

Mode of Data Collection:
face-to-face interview,
telephone interview

Description of Variables:
In addition to the variables containing the
responses to the ETV instrument, the data contain administrative
variables that record identification numbers for respondents and
interviewers, cohort, and wave number, as well as the time and date
that the ETV interview was completed.

Response Rates:

The overall response rate for Wave 1 of the
Longitudinal Cohort Study was 75 percent or 6,228 participants. The
response rates by cohort were:

76.2 percent (1,269) for Cohort 0

76.6 percent (1,003) for Cohort 3

75.0 percent (980) for Cohort 6

75.9 percent (828) for Cohort 9

74.3 percent (820) for Cohort 12

71.6 percent (696) for Cohort 15

70.3 percent (632) for Cohort 18

Presence of Common Scales:
none

Extent of Processing: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of
disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major
statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to
these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: