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REPRESENITING A$5,000,000. A YEAR INDUSTRY
~~tNitiAWL CRANBERRY MAGAZIA,
l4 N1 10
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WASH INGTO N
Nov.
J 9 36
WE MANUFACTURE ALL KINDS OF CRANBERRY EQUIPMENT
Separators -Conveyors -Belt Screens -Blowers -Elevators -Box Shakers -Box
Presses -Scoops -Snaps -Gas Locomotives -Wheel Barrows -Dusters -Vine Setters
Vine Pruners -Pumps -Sand Screens -Turf Haulers -Turf Axes-
We Supply
Motors -Gas Engines -Sprayers -Belting -Pulleys -Shafting -Axes -Picks
Grub Hoes -Mattocks -Shovels, etc.
The Harvest Season Is Over
It's A Good Time To Check
I What You Need
For Instance PUMPS
THE BAILEY PUMP 4-in. 20-in.
Is Recognized IReo 800 to 14,000
w'"~ , ~Gal. Capacity
Throughout The Industry
Per Minute
For Large Growers -Our Gas Locomotive Will
Save You Money in Sanding-Even on Short Trips
WRITE US
TEL.
SOUTH CARVER
CARVE R
H. R BAILEY CO
ESTABLISHED 1895
A Platform to which
every Cranberry Grower
should subscribe --
We Believe That-
Advertising should be prudently and effectively
confined to the finest grades of cranberries and be
affiliated with the sales companies.
The red, white and blue EATMOR trademark on a
box of cranberries must guarantee that the cranberries
in that box are dependable in grade and quality.
The advertising of the EATMOR brand has definitely
created an increase in the demand for cranberries.
4 The trademark EATMOR has established its value
and high reputation along with other important,
nationally known trademarks for food products.
Every grower equipped to pack cranberries according
to EATMOR standards should share in the benefit of
the advertising.
Each grower should do his part to further the beneficial
effects the cranberry industry has enjoyed from the
advertising campaigns by joining the appropriate
cooperative growers organization which is affiliated
with the American Cranberry Exchange.
Think It Over 9
The American Cranberry Exchange's 19
average sales price for all the cranberries
it sold from the three states (Massachusetts,
New Jersey and Wisconsin) for ten years Defte anned selin
before advertising of EATMOR Cranberries policies,duc
was started, 1907 to 1916 inclusive, was adversing, and aation$
6.08 per barrel.
It's average sales price for allakeall the the average price
Cranberries it sold from the three states for the1936crop the proof
since it began national advertising of that E A T M OR should
EATMOR Cranberries, 1917 to 1935 inclu-hav your full support.
sive, was $9.95 per barrel.
e^r
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FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Opening Price The final devel-
For Howes opment in the
$15.60 cranberry grow-
e15s60
ylow
erbeens year has
bhen reached with the setting f
excellent price from the growers'
point of view, too $3.90 a quarter
for top quality, or $15.60 a barrel.
This is really a little more than
many growers hoped for, and to
some it seems a trifle high for an
opening figure. But time will tell
as to the judgment at setting that
figure.
Demand It may be said that
Modeately with the end of
Moeratl wh
Good October the demand
continues good, al-
though there is considerable dick-
ering by buyers for a little lower
price than $3.90. Tere w be
Atpresenta
goodmany
At pgo arkeset atgod may br
from Wscnsinare bergpced
god
in the market and these are being
sold a markbelowbelow top back.
price
The first week after the announce-
ment of the opening price saw a
little sag in moving Cape berries
little thethetopprice.
as heavy shipments began in Wis-
consin and some from New Jer-
sey. These were sld at nearly the
same price as Cape Early Blacks,
which are practically all cleaned
out.
Much Canning A good deal of
This Fall canning will be
done this year,
which will certainly have its good
effect upon the price stability. It
is expected that 100,000 barrels
will in this way be taken off the
fresh fruit market.
Harvesting Of course harvest-
Completed ing has now been
completed every-
where and the crop estimate as
released by U. S. Crop Statistician
C. D. Stevens was for a crop un-
changed from that of the Sepd
Sep-
tember estimate. This is held to
be a little high by many who now
believe that when final figures are
all tabulated the crop will be very
nearly that of last year's extremely
yield.
Expect Same Authoritative es-
Ctop asvulaets timate now is for
Crop as
Last Year 325,000 barrels
f or Massachu-
By C. J.H.
moderate, and the Exchange expects
that prices will be maintained,
although there will doubtless
be sales resistance at the top
price. Buyers in general realize
that the country's cranberry crop
is extremely short as a ai
whole.
Another valuable asset this year is
tht ast sprt o secula
years
setts, although this is certainly theabsent
bottom figure; Wisconsin 58,000 or
59,000 barrels, or a practically
average crop for that state, and
with Jersey possibly having 60,000
or a little more, not much more,
than Wisconsin, or an extremely
small yield for that second cran-
berry producing state. Washing-
ton may have about 16,000 barrels
and Oregon 4,500.
Wisconsin The Mather regionCrop of Wisconsin had a
much better crop
beatr3ries
than it did last year, primarily
because the marshes in that sec-
tion which were so severely winter
killed several years ago Rapnow
coming The Witop are
coming back The Wsconsin Rap-
ids secti -n is some below that of
last year, while the bogs in the
Northern section were extremely
hard hit by the great Mid-West
drought, attributed chiefly to the
fact that they were in full bloom
when the heat wave destroyed most
of the blossos, whereas in the
central part of the state the ber-
.— ries already
had set.
Wisconsin's W i s c o n s i n's
Largest CroP largest individu-
5 00 Barrels al crop this year
.
will apparently
be that of the Central Cranberry
company of Wisc nsin Rapids,
___formerly known as the Arpin
marsh, which has harvested about
5,000 barrels. The second largest
crop is that of the Gaynor marsh
with somewhat less than 5,000
barrels.
ments Car shipments
Shipments Car s
Expect Price Very few Blacks
e e left o th
e
Maitaied Cape and with
th e Wisconsin
berries usually cleaned up almost
entirely by the Thanksgiving
market it is confidently expectedthat Massachusetts and New Jersey
lates will be disposed of at
prices encouraging to growers.
Little Trouble One thing which
From Frosts the growers
could be thankful
for this fall was very good luck
as far as frosts went. There were
but three warnings sent out before
th, greater part of the crop had
been harvested in the East, and
but one of these would have caused
inju y. As it was, there were
practically no fall losses from
frost
Cranberry The Department of
R A
&Rdio Agriculture of the
Broadcast State of Massachusetts
is to use a
story on the growth of the
cranberry industry on its radio
program on Tuesday, November
10, at 1:15 n. m. This will go on
the air over Station WAAB, at
Boston, and Commissioner Howard
H Murphy will be the announcer.
All three-color labels used by
the members of the Wisconsin
Cranberry Sales company were
printed by the Fey Publishing
d c ny of continue on
of last year paper manufactured at Wisconsin
and at this writing demand is Rapids, Wisconsin.
St Ahead c e aaheRapids
Three
A,I I,.One of our agricultural clays
has a fineness of particle size th
Homemade Sand ing Scow is astonishing. This is why iL
for Cranberry Marshes nmakes such an excellent fog whche
used as an Insecticidal Dust car-
By ETHEL M. KRANICK rier. Just to give s' me idea of
For sanding and resanding even coat about one-half inch the nature of this clay, it has been
large-area cranberry marshes, a deep. estimated that if we could take
southwestern Oregon cranberry An 18-horse-power, two-cycle, the surface area of the particles in
grower constructed a special type air-cooled motor, used for propell-o n e ounce of "BANCROFT
sanding scow, which carries a two-ing power, is attached to the rear . CLAY," these particles would
yard load of sand in a specially of the scow. Two rather large spread out and make a surface
constructed hopper, and by a rudders are turned by one lever, containing 184 square feet. The
mechanical device the sand is re-One man rides on the front and number of particles in one ounce
leased as needed through the turns the feed crank when ready is inconceivably large-in the
bottom of the scow. to dump and also operates the neighborhood of nine hundred and
The scow measures 9 by 18 feet other breaker. ninety-nine billion. If it were
and is 16 inches deep. The frame By careful measurement it has possible to place a coating of
is made of three 3 by 14 inch been found that the two yards of these clay particles systematically
planks, laid lengthwise with a 5 sand feeds out 1/2 inch deep, eight on the surface of a leaf, it would
inch discharge slot made crosswise feet wide in a distance of 160 feet probably require between three
at the center. The sides of the slot when the scow is moving at the and five billion of. these clay
are of 2 by 14-inch material. The rate of about three miles an hour. grains per square inch. The New
bottom is of 11/2-inch fir boards Willow switches are placed before Deal hasn't anything on us when
nailed on crosswise. The whole the flood goes on. These are it comes to figures.
scow is then caulked in the same placed some 16 feet apart in rows. In thinking of clay particles we
way as a marine scow and all The scow makes a trip on each talk in terms of microns and milliseams
asphalted. side of the row. If the scow microns. A micron is one one-
The hopper is 8 feet wide and is should swing into a switch it thousandth of a millimeter, and a
V shaped, 5 feet wide at the top springs back into place again. millimeter is approximately one
of the V and 5 inches wide at the Two men can load the hopper in thirty-second of an inch. Similar-
bottom. It is so built that it fifteen minutes. It takes 22 loads, ly, a milli-micron is one one-
comes directly above two corru-if small 3 cu. ft. wheelbarrows are thousandth part of a micron. For
gated rollers which are directly used. If the load is carried a dis-the sake of comparison, the human
over the discharge slot. The roll-tance of 600 feet, two men can eye has a visibility range of about
ers have a center bearing and are spread 28 yards of sand in 8 50 microns, that is, a mark or par-
operated by a sprocket chain, hours. With labor at $2.50 per tide 50 microns in diameter is
geared two-to-one and turned by a day the cost is about 20 cents per about the smallest object that can
hand crank. The roller corruga-yard. be seen. This is approximately
tions are of galvanized sheet iron, equal to a single opening in a 325
in fact the whole inside of the P t Size f esh screen.
hopper is lined with the same kind ari e zThe particle size composition of
of sheet iron. Directly above the A r1-"1A CLAY" as
BANCROFT is about
rollers, inside the hopper is a two-DUsting follows: 89% of all particles ar
inch pole with nails driven around less than 7 microns in diameter and
the pole irregularly for the purpose By K. E. WARD about 60% of the particles are
of breaking the sand as it enters of United Clay Mines Corporation less than 1/2 micron in diameter.
the feed rollers. This pole is Trenton, N. J. is not known how many are, for
geared with a two-to-one sprocket During the past few years we example, of lesser size than this.
chain. have been giving considerable
Where a heavier and less fluffy
To take off the full load strain thought and study to the particle is required a clay of a coarser
from the bottom, two larger poles size of our clays, several of which nature is furnished such as "RANare
placed in the hopper, some are being extensively used as dilu-COCAS CLAY" which has a fairly
eight or ten inches above the ents for Insecticidal Dusts. Con-small percentage of its particles
geared pole. These have three siderable research work has been ner 2 crn n y lar
rows of spikes driven in on the conducted with one of our mater-en e e This
top. Each pole has a lever; these ials, and at the start, it is to be prctae a
levers operate by hand as needed noted that particle size is not to be aila l
and break the main load which in confused with fineness of grind cranberry dusting inasmuch as it
turn is spread evenly over the a material may be milled very fine flows freely, does not "cake" or
geared pole and on to the rollers and yet have a larger particle size become lumpy, and will remain
where it is fed out into the water than one which is not ground as smooth indefinitely, provided it is
and settles on the marsh in an fine. stored in a reasonably dry place,
Four
served, where cats and similar
enemies may be controlled, and
THE /RANBERRYGROWEVR' the boxes may be easily
Lwhere
TBI
mCVery
INTEKI RD CEST IliJ DI D ^
INTERESSIL
T\L I1\ BI LNS
By JOHN B. MAY
cleaned after occupation.
successful nesting boxes
have been made from old shingles,
pieces of packing boxes, and similar
material. A saw, hammer,
jackknife and a few nails are all
the tools necessary and a box can
be assembled in a few minutes.
Boxes made of weathered wood and
of slabs with the bark on seem
most popular with the birds, but
boxes made of new material may
be stained a neutral color or
erected in the fall and allowed to
weather. However, birds are sometimes
attracted by the brightest
(Continued from last month)
Increasing Our Bird Population
If we grant that birds may be
useful about cranberry bogs, the
next step consists of devising
means of encouraging and pro-
tecting these little creatures.
Birds require few necessities,-
food, water, shelter from enemies,
and places where they may rear
their young being the principal
needs. Supply these few require-
ments and the bird population
should prosper and increase.
Few birds suffer from lack of
during the food
warmer weather,
food the warmer weather
in all probability, though winter
be g impor-
feeding masy of reat
tance. Occasionally during a pro-
longed rainy period, some of our
insect eaters, especially the Swal-
lows and Martins, may be seriously
affected, but unfortunately there
is very little we can do in such
cases. Water is usually ample
about cranberry bogs, in the reser-
voirs and ditches, so drinking
places need not be supplied es-
pecially for the birds. Oiling,
sometimes applied in mosquito
control may pollute the water so
that the birds suffer, but it is an
uneconomical treatment and seldom
desirable. Cats and human beings
are probably our wild birds' great-
est enemies. The former can be
trapped and killed, for those found
about cranberry bogs are usually
semi-wild, abandoned stragglers
and are extremely destructive to
birds. The humans must be educa-
ted, and restrained by means of
"No Shooting" signs. If a bog
owner wishes to allow hunting
upon his property, he should at
least insist that the laws regard-
ing protected species and closed
seasons I_ obeyed._1____ A
be
This leaves nesting sites to be
provided. Fortunately, many of
the most desirable birds from the
cranberry grower's point of view
are birds which normally nest in
holes of some sort and which,
therefore, may be attracted by
artificial nesting places. Among
these are the Bluebird, Tree
Swallow, Crested Flycatcher, Pur-
ple Martin, Chimney Swift (which
nested in hollow trees before chim-and most gaily tinted of domiciles.
neys were built in America), Spar-
row, Hawk, Wood Duck and that
alien, the Starling. Several other
species often nest about buildings
or under some kind of shelter
which can be easily supplied or
adapted for their use, including
the Barn Swallow, Cliff or Eave
R Catbird Phoebe
Swallow, Robin, Catbird, Phoebe
or Bridge Bird, and a few others.
Still other birds, which nest in
trees, shrubs or on the ground, only
k that ther eemies b
away from their chosen haunts.
Devices For Attracting Birds
As or limb
tre or a deserted woodpecker's
Houses made of cheap material
nesting season, instead of being
cleaned and renovated.
Different birds prefer different
sizes and types of houses. Direc
tions for making several types fol
low.
low.
Bluebird. Interior dimensions
about 4/ by / by 8 to inches.
about 4 by 414 by 8 to 10 inches.
Entrance hole near top of one
na t one
side, 1a/2 inches in diameter. (The
entrance hole is the most important
dimension: Bluebirds will not
enter a holle 1/4 inches in diameter,
and Starlings are likely to drive
nest is the usual site occupied bythem away from a box with an
hole-nestng birds of severalinches in diam
species, in trying to attract such
birds we should employ material
which imitates to some extent such
natural cavities. A section of a
tree containing an old woodpeck-
er's nest may be transported to the
bog and set up on a pole, or a hol-
low limb may be sawed into sec-
tions eight to twelve inches long,
the lower end of each section
plugged and the upper end covered
with an overhanging piece of old
board and a hole bored in the side
for an entrance.
It is much better to attach bird
houses to poles rather than nail
them to trees, as the nails may
later be overgrown and become
dangerous obstacles for axe or saw
when the tree is cut up for lumber
or firewood. The houses should
be where they can readily be ob-
eter.) Long axis of box should
be vertical. Place in light shade
be vertical. Place in light hade
among trees or on the edge of the
bog. (Boxes such as these and the
following may be made very inexpensively
in quantity by giving
the dimensions of each piece of
wood to a sawmill or box factory
which will cut the pieces and the
houses may be assembled later at
the bog, stained and erected. Unplaned
wood should be used.)
BIRD HOUSES
Single House-Knocked Down
25 Lots 71/2c each
F. O. B. New Bedford
F. . B. New Bedford
CUSHNET SAW MILLS CO
NEW BEDFORD, MASS.
Five
cranberry growers direct their own
SOME CRANBERRY GRO\ERS investigations. Anybody who thinks
he can take a leading part in cran
llVHAI C
By NEIL
(Editor's Note). Neil E. Stevens, who
is at present a professor in the Univer-
sity of Illinois was through his work in
the cranberry industry extremely well
known to many cranberry growers. His
chief work lay in plant disease research,
His own introduction .to this series of
rather personal little articles follows,
It-was begun several :years ago.
t wasseeralyears
egun agothe
C. L. LEWIS, JR.
Many cranberry growers inherit
their interest in the cranberry busi-
ness, even their cranberry basi-
nesses. The case of Lewis, however,
is quite different and, while I am
not a Presbyterian and do not
know exactly what the phrases
mean, if there ever was a person
predestined and foreordained to be-
come a cranberry grower it was
Charlie Lewis.
Immediately after his graduation
from the University of Minnesota
in the Forestry Course, which, by
the way, he apparently took be-
cause it was nearer cranberry
growing than anything else of-
fered, he started out to learn the
cranberry business. He worked for
the Wisconsin Cranberry Experi-
ment Station, for Doctor Franklin
on Cape Cod, and as a laborer on'
on
the Carver bog managed by Law-
rence Rogers. In his paper before
the Wisconsin Association in 1908,
when he was still a college student,
is the following expression of his
enthusiasm:
"It may be well at this point to
relate what attraction there is in
the rcanberry business that induces
one to put his life work into it.
The factors that appeal to an out-
sider are in brief: health, indepen-
dence, the kind of work, and the
prosperity of a cranberry grower.
The out-door life contributes to the
health. The manner of living, the
locations of one's interests and the
fact that a grower is his own mas-
ter, gives independence. The work
is intensely interesting, specula-
tive in a sense, and under careful
guidance progress can be traced
with the eye. Prosperity is bound
to come to one who pursues the
business with love, patience, ener-
gy, and unselfish ambition."
Six
I I \BAA\ /K IIXK investigations' has at
Vone ^^NOWN guess coming to him. My
l r ~berry least
more
experience is that the best he can
E. STEVENS do is try to keep up with the procession
and try to check up on the
Ten years' experience in promot-suggestions which the cranberry
growes
ing and developing a cranberry bog growers with all courtesy will force
might have dampened any ordinary upon him.
ardor but the final paragraph of a The letter.
paper given in 1917 sounds much "I was so badly disorganized by
the am
same. the hail storm thatI am just re"
Speaking of weeds; I have wor-turning to normal. I never suffered
ried myself sick at times over such -keen disappointment in my
weeds that really amounted to vey life and I am sorry that I was feel
little. I have had to learn their ing so blue when L. M. R. was
characteristics by experience alone with us. His presence however,
when a few words by some author-did much to help me mentally and
ity a few years ago would have although unable to assist him as
saved us a great deal in worry and much as I otherwise might have, I
money. I fought with the horsetail enjoyed going to the various wild
weed and found none in this state bogs, etc., when I could.
who could give me advice. I havemy work with the Exchange
In my work with the
worried over many another weed I f
I feel lamentablye weak in the
only to work out my own solutions identification of the fungus rotss of'
as best I culd. I believe I could beies
rite a ook on the subject of
weeds on a cranberry bog. Al-The Exchange blindly calls these
though experience is our best storage rots either End Rot, Early
Rot, Scald or Water Soaking and I
source of knowledge, the subject of t, Scald or Water Soaking and I
weeds is one with which we should am far from satisfied. I am hungry
not have to struggle. Each plant for some real dope and it is mighty
has its peculiar habitat, method of important to be able to identify
the few serious rots found in ber'.
growth, special root system and the few serious rots found in be-
means o propagation. Eac an res that I inspect. Could we have
can conquiredThp we ome samples of these rots bot
every one be^n^ ifo m tl^ed and kept in the laboratory and
find the proper weapon. The roo ted and kept in the laboratory a
of one, the seeds of another, the hown at our meetings? The rap-
amount of moisture required y a ity of growth is of course vy
third, the length of life of a fourth, important.
and so on, are the points of attack. No doubt all this information 1'
Without problems the cranberry already on tap but I am rustry on
business would lose much of its in-it or else it has not, been em-
terest and there would be an over-phasized at our meetings.
production. We still have great We lose much more volume by
improvements to make in the mar-fungi than we do by frost now.
keting end, in more intensive cull. Shrinkage in storage, decay in
vation and in better cooperation. transit and in the hands of the
Personally I am an enthusiast. The buyers represents one of our most
opportunities appear unlimited. My serious problems. You have done a
seven years experience in the busi-lot: of work on these rots and [
ness is just enough to make me want to brush up on the latest
feel happy that I have about 40 knowledge to date and what have
years experience ahead' of me." you?
In 1928 (over ten years later.) i A frequent question put to me is
had a characteristic letter from "Will this berry (showing decay)
Lewis, dated Hutchinson, Kansas, go down fast or slow?" "Should we
November 27, 1928, when he hal put our Blacks and other fruit in
just suffered one of the most ser-cold storage or common storage?
ious financial reverses of his ca-A lot of Jersey Blacks put in cold
reer. Lewis': letter gives a fair ex storage in Chicago went to pieces.
ample of the extent to which the I usually recommend cold storage.
.JC ""'f l ^1ISSUE OF NOVEMBER, 1936
Vol. 1
WISCONSIN'S CRANBERRY FESTIVAL
We take off our hats to the cranberry
growers of Wisconsin and to the citizens
of Wisconsin Rapids who have recently
presented the "Wisconsin Rapids First
Annual Cranberry Harvest Festival."
Everyone in that section must have been
impressed by the value of the cranberry
industry to the State of Wisconsin.
Furthermore, a "Cranberry Queen" was
selected from among the Wisconsin lasses
and sent to Washington with a box of
Eatmore cranberries to deliver personally
to President Roosevelt. Thus was the
value of Wisconsin cranberries and cran-
berries in general brought to the attention
of the Chief Executive and to others.
There was a parade with the winning
float, that of the Wisconsin Sales Company,
and the sales company featured Eatmore
cranberries at the State Fair in Milwaukee
and at the International Horticultural
Fair in Chicago. The Wisconsin Rapids
Daily Tribune put out a special 32 page
supplement devoted entirely to cranber-
ries. Hearty congratulations to Wisconsin.
That is an interesting contraption
described in this month's issue by Mrs.
Ethel M. Kranick-a home-made scow for
sanding bogs in Oregon. In the East and
Wisconsin we sand direct on the vines and
we sand on the ice but sanding on the
water is apparently something brand new.
iSYMPATHY
All fellow cranberry growers can well
sympathize with the unfortunate growers
of the seaside town of Bandon, Oregon,
which was completely wiped out by the
terrible forest fire that swept that state
for many square miles. It appears the
growers fought valiantly to save their bogs
and have gone on bravely with the harvest
of what the flames left, even though their
homes were left smoking ruins. The growers
of Coos County, Oregon, have been
developing such an excellent section of
bogs in the last few years, with so much
ambition and persistence, that the sudden
blow of the complete loss of their town
must have come like a bolt of lightning
out of the sky. However, they are apparently
going right ahead just the same.
No. 7 C ONL RAERR
PUBLISHED MONTHLY
at the
WAREHAM COURIER OFFICE,
WAREHAM MASSACHUSETTS U. S. A.
Edito and Publisher
ET Al
LEMUEL C. HALL
Associate Editor
CLARENCE J. HALL
Business Manager
Subscription $2.00 per year
Subscription $2.00 per year
Advertising rates upon application
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
CHARLES S. BECKWITH
Cranberry Specialist
ebert N
Pemberton, N. J.
Wisconsin
VERNON LDSWORTHY
ds,
Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington.Oregon
Washington.Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Pullman, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural.Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New York City Representative
KENT LIGHTY
280 Madison Ave. Tel. Lexington 2-3595
Seven
Wheelbarrows -Sand Screens -Bog Tools
For Economical Ice Sanding
Sand Spreaders
Spreaders for All Sizes of Steel Dump Bodies -[
Hand and Hydraulic Hoist
Steel Dump Bodies
For /2 Ton and 1 Ton Trucks
Representative Worthinton Bog umps t.
Hayden CranberrySeparatorMfg. Co
367 Main St. Wareham, Mass. Telephone 497-W
Oregon Cranberry Center Is
Oregon Cranberry Center is
Destroyed In Forest Conflagrationn
Residents Homeless and Bogs Damaged-Loss of Life
and Narrow Escapes
The following, written by Mrs. Ethel
M. Kranick, tells of the fire horror
which recently destroyed the entire town
of Bandon, Oregon, where a considerable
part of the West Coast cranberries are
grown. She writes that residents of the
town are homeless and that it is impossible
to know what a terrible catas-
trophe befell the coastal town of Ban-
don unless it was seen. Several lives
were lost.
Fire and its destruction have
wiped Bandon, Oregon, entirey out.
Outlying districts have been con-
pletely ruined or entirely destroyed.
Strange things have happened.
The oil and gas tanks remain-in-
dustry-in the form of mills, have
been saved. The cranberry marsh-
es, where fire swept down to the
very edges, will still produce a
marvelous crop.
H. H. Duforts, who had the finest
and most scientifically laid out
marsh, will sustain the heaviest
loss. Mr. Duforts expected 18 hun-
dred boxes-but it is now estimated
Eight
that only 6 hundred boxes will be
salvaged. A. T. Morrison figures
his loss to be not more than 100
boxes. Strange as it may seem,
the fire burned all the timber,
brush and grass to the very edgeof his marsh, and the berries re-
mained unharmed,
It is quite possible that a blanket
of smoke covered the marsh as the
flames moved upward. The entire
loss for the whole area is estimated
at 2000 boxes. Langlois and
Walstron, and Bates Bros. had
picked for several days before the
fire, and they lost what berries
were in the store-house. Those un-
picked were unharmed.
The fire did not get within half
a mile of the L. M. Kranick marsh,
where picking was in progress.
Mr. Kranick estimated his crop at
1300 boxes, but finds his crop to be
between 1600 and 2000 boxes. On
one field a square rod was meas
red off and picked. It produced
42/3 bushels or 746 bushels to the
acre. These were the new Stanko
vitch berries, with overhead irrigation.
Fire did not reach the Petterson
marsh or the Stankavitch place.
H. H. Dufort, Sumner Fish, A.
T. Morrison, and C. F. St. Sure
were in the line of the heaviest
fire, and a hundred men fought fire
along the Bear Creek line all day.
Mr. Dufort and his son were
trapped in one thin place and had
to fight to save both their lives
and their berries. Young Dufort
had his shirt burned from his back
as he braved the flames in an
effort to save his store-house and
his cottage. His father saved the
pump-house and electrical equipment
by shear daring. With his
eyes closed because of smoke, he
stood in the creek and threw buckets
of water on the building and on
himself. When the flames had
passed, Mr. Dufort was only able
to crawl, from shear exhaustion
and blinding smoke.
sprung up in the wake of lumber-
G A h A^ I~L]~\A/ ^ing operations that are most
rMoth War Has heavily infected. Mixed forests in
Cypsy
which oak of the scrub types pre
sN Dgv lp e t dominates, as on the Cape, and
N evw eve lpment mixed forests in which gray birch
and poplar predominate, as in
Cut Out Worthless Trees on A new method has been found northern New England, were found
Which They Like To Feed by the three scientists named and to be particularly rich in gypsies.
nWillRea their findings are being published Much of this scrub oak, gray birch
and Will Repay by the Massachusetts Forest and and poplar is nearly worthless.
Forest
the Cost. Park Association. Cutting out such worthless scrub
The root of the new method is as the small oaks, the gray birch
NOTf Theesgypy moth problem isrry the fact that the gypsy moth likes and the poplar will allow the valugrower.
The following is reprinted to feed upon certain trees more able pines, hard maples, yellow
withh permission of the Boston, (Mass.) than others. The trees most highly birch and really good trees room to
Globe.per
A-—hfavoredn m o f are oak, alder, gray birth, develop properly. Thus the weeding
A new method of fighting the linden or basswood, willow, river out of the trees the gypsy moth
gypsy moth in New England is be-birth, poplar, box elder, hawthorn likes to eat not only promises to
ing announced this week by the and apple. Of these only the oak, reduce very greatly the danger of
Massachusetts Forest and Park gray birch and popular are numer-any outbreak of the pest in the fu-
Association. ous in New England forests. utre but pays for itself and ac-
The method has been worked out If these trees were eliminated tually gives a profit in the greatly
this summer by C. Edward Behre from the forests, then the gypsy increased production of good wood
of the Northeastern Frest Exper-moth would not multiply o rapidly fo area
ment Station by A. C. Cline of the and the two methods of control
Harvard Forest and by W. L. Bak-mentioned would be efective in
er of the Bureau of Entomology preventing any furter outbreaks. We Have Listings of
and Plant Quarantine. It is to be The investigators found that the Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small
known as silvicultural control. original pine forests of New Eng-FOR SALE
Today, outside of a few out-land were resistant to the gypsy Geo. A. Cole Agency
breaks in New Jersey and Penn-moth in any place where the pines WILDA HANEY
sylvania, which have apparently still survived and that it was the Decas Block
been rigidly controlled, the gypsy mixed hardwood forests that have Wareham, Massachusetts
is practically unknown outside of
New England ...... . . .
But, within New England, despite
the millions of dollars that
have been spent, it is now certain The National Bak of Wareham
that the gypsy can never be eradicated.
We have, however, learned ARE MASS.
to live with it, and, beyond periodic
outbreaks of the moth, such as Established as a State Bank 1833
last year, it seems likely that pres-Entered National system 1865
ent methods of control will keep
the damage at a comparatively
low level.
There is biological control ac-
There is biological control ac-Small loans are made to parties who are of
complished by fighting the gypsy
moth by the artificial introduction legal age having a good reputation and steady
of parasitic and predacious enemies income. The amount of the loan is based upon
of the species. The second type of
control is that of destroying the ability to meet the obligatin and loans may be
insect in the egg by painting the repaid in convenient weekly or monthly payments
clusters with creosote and by consistent with income received
poisoning the insect in the cater-
pillar stage by spraying trees with
lead arsenate.
These methods of control work
very well in parks and orchards. DEPARTMENTS
The expense is so great that it has
The expense is so great that it has Commercial Trust Savings Safe Deposit
not proved practical to use these
methods to any extent in forest
lands, el. -.-
Nine
THE BLUEBERRY GROWER
The following is one of a series
of excerps from a bulletin "The
Cultivation of the Highbush Blue-
berry," by Stanley Johnson, po-
mologist at the Agricultural Ex-
periment station at the Michigan
State college at South Haven,
Michigan.
Mr. Johnson writes that at pres-
ent there are about 75 acres of
cultivated blueberries in that state,
ranging in age from one to eight
years. There is considerable inter-
est in Southern Michigan in grow-
ing this berry at present, and blue-
berry culture is one of the main
projects at the station at this
time. A number of experiments
relative to cultural operations
are being carried out and rather
extensive breeding work is under-
way, with about 10,000 crossbred
seedlings in the field.
(Continued from last month)
(Contnued
from last
Chokning the Location for
Blueberry Growing
There are many locations in
southern Michigan that are suit-
able for growing, the highbush
blueberry.
Such factors as good roads,
,nearness to market, and a popula-de
tion large enough o pp u
ficient pickers are always of value
cintr ap aly 1 fv
in the growing of any small fruit.
Howehe b ry ll re-
However, the blueberry will re
main on the blushes longer after
main on the bushes after
maturity and will stand shipment
better than any ofan othe small
fruits commonly grown. The fruit
can be grown therefore, in situa-
tions less favorably located for
marketing, although the deliberate
selections of such locations is not
advised.
Selection of the Site
The early history of blueberry
Ten
culture is plentifully supplied various muck soils, those growing
with instances of failure due to a in the very acid muck (pH 4.4)
lack of knowledge concerning the made the best growth. The growth
plant's soil requirements. Coville in the extremely acid muck (Ph
first showed that the blueberry 3.4) was almost as good. In the
plant is very sensitive to soil condi-slightly (pH 6.8) and moderately
tions and that failure is certain (pH 5.5) acid mucks growth was
unless the proper soil is selected. small and the foliage was ab-
His work showed that the blue-normally colored and dropped pre-
berry plant requires an acid soil maturely. The plants growing in
and that plants set on a neutral or the very acid muck produced apalkaline
soil make very little proximately 100 ounces of fruit
growth and many of them die. the second year and 301 the third
In order to demonstrate the while those in the extremely acid
necessity of an acid soil for the muck produced approximately 45
blueberry plant, an experiment was ounces of fruit the second year
started in which sand and muck 138 the third. The plants
soils of different degrees of acidity growing in the slightly and mod-
were placed in a series of wooden erately acid mucks produced one-
boxes buried in the soil. These eighth ounce of fruit in each plot
boxes were 12 feet long, four feet the second year and no fruit and
wide, and two feet deep They 17 ounces, respectively, the third
were lined with heavy roofing year
paper to prevent the passage of The average size of the berries
soil moisture between the boxes. was practically the same in all
Three sandy soils were used hav-plots.
ing pH tests of 6.8, 5.5, and 4.4, It might appear from these re-
and four muck soils having pH suits that the extremely acid muck
tests of 6.8, 5.5, 4.4, and 3.4. Each was too acid. This muck was ob-
box was planted with 12 Rubel tained from an extremely wet
plants, all plants being as uniform place where no vegetation was
as possible. growing and it was very raw. It
The plants in the very acid sand is possible that the physical condi
a very good tion of this muck was an important
growth. During the second year, factor in the results obtained.
they produced nearly 50 ounces of Many inquiries have been re
... .
fruit and in the third year about ceived regarding the possibility of
203 ounces. The plants in the acidifying slightly acid or neutral
(pH 6.8) and moderately soils by artificial means, thereby
slightly(pH 5.5) acid sands made a much
ma am agrowingthe
makin r
smaller growth, the foliage being blueberries. Various materials
spse of abnormal color, and have been used for this purpose,
dropping prematurely. Production including leaves, sawdust, apple
also was much lower, being eight pomace, rotted wood, and acid peat.
and five ounces respectively the Of these materials, acid peat
second year and two and seven mixed with the soil has given bene-
ounces the third year. ficial results in some small garden
Of the plants growing in the plantings. Sulphur and aluminum
sulphate have also been used.
Harmer found benefit from the use
of sulphur on blueberries, and
Coville has reported success from
the use of aluminum sulphate on
rhododendrons, azaleas, heather,
and other plants related to the
plueberry. Though these mate-
rials have given good results in
small tests, they cannot be recom-
mended for commercial plantings
until they have been more exten-
sively used experimentally. Good
blueberry land at low prices is
rather abundant in Michigan and
it probably would be wise to use
naturally suitable land first.
The evidence presented shows
clearly that it is extremely im-
portant to use a very acid soil for
blueberry growing. Results obtained
in field and greenhouse
tests indicate that blueberry plants
grow best on soils having a pH
test between 4.4 and 5.1. Though
blueberry plants do reasonably
well on a soil having a pH test
below 4.4, they fail rapidly in
growth and production on soils
having a pH test above 5.1. In
view of the fact that the degree
of soil acidity is so important, it
would be well for the prospective
grower to have a samnple of his
soil tested by some reliable
agency.
(To be continued)
No ——-mt hw
nLeaf
No matter how lenient and
broadminded a man may be about
drinking intoxicating liquor, he
likes to know that the pilot at Lhe
controls of the airplane in which
he chooses to ride is an abstainer.
__ _____ C.
_
A AIIA I TO CRANBERRY
V AILAD LEI GROWERS ANNUALLY
12 Months
52 Weeks
365 D a y s
8760 H o urs
ELECTRICITY
OF DEPENDABLE
lIT
C T I PA
MASSACHUSETTS
Try Dormant
Spray For
ifnsect Eggs
Wisconsin Testing Out Con-
trol for Fire Worm and
Hopper.
by VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
____in
atrinking inoxctghe
A thing of interest in the way
of insect control is now being tried
out in Wisconsin at the Cranberry
~Lake Development Company, the
Gaynor Cranberry Company, A. E.
per control by spraying for the
e ne f
The spraying plots have been
determined beforehand to be heavily
infested with fire worm eggs,
but observations of the eggs in the
case of the leaf hopper could not
be made as the eggs are very hard
to find. The only way this prob
lem could be attacked
spraying areas known to
ily infested with leaf
during the summer.
In other branches of
industry they are able to
was by
be heavhoppers
the fruit
get very
In WVritiln10 IBennett & Son, and the Whit-
AIn tlesey marsh, for the control of fire
WriinABg
good results in many cases with
dormant sprays and it is possible
that some of the cranberry pests
can be controlled in this manner.
If this is the case, it would cer
tainly be an ideal time to spray,
for now the vines are dormant and
there is little chance for injury
either from walking on the vines
or the use of any of the spray
material.
Extensive Experiece in
Experience in
A R
E
At Screenhouses, Bogs and
Pumps Means Satisfaction
ALFRED PI
PAPPI
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
Eleven
To
ADVERTIS
Please
\/ n~ , m
MIention
(C r a -1b
''Cranberries
worm eggs and leaf hopper eggs
with a dormant spray. Some of
the preliminary work has shown
A 7 gvery promising results. The workRSST
i in charge of Mr. Pitner and
Francis Carrol, an entomologist of
the Agicide Co. of Milwaukee,
under the direction of Mr. L. M.
Rogers, state cranberry specialist.
i. .iExtensiveAt
the present time these men are
making a number of test plots
.. and
.withvarious materials next
* 99' with various materials and nextA
year these areas will be fenced in
with cheese cloth and checked to
determine fire worm and leaf hop
to the cranberry industry of the
Wisconsin s Cranberry Queens"
country.
Spread Gospel of Our Beautiful Recovering Bottoms
Red Autumnal Fruit By Means of Boats
picked them from the marshes and
Girls Take Berries to White helped to assort them." Recovering bottom berries from
House and to New York. "Our greatest thrill thus far, flooded bogs by means of a boat
declared Frances, as she leaned m t
'___ ~was a method tried out in New
-~ ~-back in her comfortable seat on the Jersey last fall. Theodore H. Budd
September 24 was a gala day for Capitol Limited, "was our visit to and Isaac arrison, both worked
two Wisconsin girls. On that night the White House. We left Chicago upon the theory that if the vines
Lucille Wirtz and Frances O'Betka on the Capitol Limited-Oh, yes, were stirred up berries on the
rode on a gaily decorated barge our prize for being elected was a bottom would rise to the top.
and felt like Cleopatra on a journey trip to Washington, New York, t e
down the Nile. Much happier, and then back to Chicago for Mr. Budd had made a small scow,
perhaps, for Lucille and Frances several days. It's all thrilling." about 12 x 4 feet in size. Across
were crowned Queens of Cranberry-"Oh, yes," put in Lucille, we
the rear was built an ordinary
land, while eight canoes filled with must tell you about Washingt paddle wheel, first with four pad-
young folk serenaded them with We went to the White House to hese
were about four inches wide and
the "Indian Love Call" from Rose present President Roosevelt with w about submerged The wheel
Marie. And there were more thrills a box of cranberries. How large a was driven by a small gas engine
to come-a prize trip to Washing-box? Oh, a quarter-barrel. And s n a .
ton, New York and Chicago-with a nosegay of cranberries fcr Mrs. g a ca tht the vi
a visit to the White House, where Roosevelt." could be stirred very successfully
they unexpectedly were invited "But they weren't at home," could be stired vey sccesfully
to tea. declared Frances. There was no question but that it
It all happened this way. "No, they weren't, but we got bought up most of the dropped
A contest, sponsored by the invited to tea just the same. Think and also a great deal of
Junior Chamber of Commerce of of that for a thrill. We had a chaff and trash. He believed from
Wisconsin Rapids, Wis., elected lovely time, for they had arranged his experiment that where a large
two queens by popular vote. Busi-for us to be cared for. We enjoyed had been harvested that the
ness houses and shops cooperated it all. We're going to write to returns should be good.
returns
and offered a vote for every dol-Mrs. Roosevelt when we get Mr. Harrison attached to the end
lar's worth of merchandise pur-home." of a small boat two boards, parallel
chased. Some 125 girls entered "And the lovely sightseeing tours to the water's surface, in such a
the contest. That Lucille and around Washington. We'll never, way that they could be easily
Frances were elected is a real never forget lovely Arlington raised and lowered. These started
tribute to them, for Lucille was Cemetery, and Washington's Home powerful reverse currents. The
born in rural Wisconsin, in the at Mt. Vernon." operator wore hip boots and walked
cranberry-producing section, ard "And just think. We've still behind the boat. On a 12 acre bog
Frances' work is with the Sugar New York ahead of us," went on the recovered berries brought more
Bowl confectionery. Lucille dreamily. "There's Radio than $400. A patent was applied
The contest was held in cornec-City, and sight-seeing tours, and for on the devise.
tion with the First Annual Cran-a visit to the roof of the RCA It developed that Frank S.
berry Festival of Wisconsin Rap-Building. We feel like real Chambers of New Jersey had
ids, September 24-25. It began queens." started work along this line eight
with a ball, followed by the an-The journey of the Cranberry or ten years ago. He at first tried
nouncement of the names of the Queens from Chicago to New York an outboard motor, but it was
winners, and it ended with educa-with a stopover at Washington, found it became entangled in the
tional tours to the cranberry was made by way of the B. & 0. vines. Then a long tow rope and a
marshes. railroad. horse on the bank were tried.
"That's the only part of the With Thanksgiving "just around Mr. Chambers in his experiment
program in which I did not parti-the corner" this is the climax of desired the opposite of an efficient
cipate," says Lucille, "for having the cranberry year, and Wiscon-hull and tried a scow-shaped box.
been born among the cranberry sin's two charming Cranberry For a power plant he bought a
bogs there wasn't anything about Queens made them true represen-three cyclinder airplane motor
them with which I was not famil-tatives of the cranberry industry, built for pleasure craft. It was
iar. You see, my folks used to and Wisconsin's cranberry festival found it would not run and the
grow cranberries, and I have was a most valuable contribution project was dropped.
Twelve
Needs Cranberries
AND TO GO WITH CRANBERRY GROWING -GROWERS NEED
THEIR OWN TRADE JOURNAL
oll\oNAL CRANBERRy N4A/G 4
TO NON-SUBSCRIBERS: MAY WE HAVE YOUR SUPPORT, NOW!
$2.00 PER YEAR
_
-_=
Keep Your Feet on the Ground!
Be steady. Keep your poise. Remember, to market cranberries
right, you must keep in the driver's seat; and to do that, you must
work for an average good price . . .not the top price for all
your berries.
Use a portion of your crop to insure a steady market. Do not
be influenced by speculation, auction bidding, and wild stampedingby men and agencies who are not familiar with the cranberry industry
or interested in a stabilized market. Their only concern is to take a
gambler's chance in making a profit on a few sales.
Present prices are dangerous. The situation is delicate. A
slight mistake or anything but the very best of skill and good judgmentin marketing both fresh and canned cranberries may have results
disastrous to growers. This is no time to trust the distribution of our
berries to any person or firm not fundamentally interested in the
grower.
Are berries being distributed to markets where we want them?
Are sales in those markets being promoted by hard work and
advertising?
Are we sure these berries are being consumed?
These and a thousand other fundamental problems are beingwatched intensely by Cranberry Canners, Inc., the growers' tool for
a stabilized, advancing market.
Remember, the consumer is our one and only customer. If the
consumer doesn't accept these berries at the prevailing prices of 1Sc
and 20c a pound, then the growers' market and marketing plan will
become a boomerang.
To insure success, we must have tremendous sales energy,
intensive and widespread advertising. The growers must work with
those who are advertising and employing sales effort.
Cranberry Canners is the only canner building the market for
fresh berries. It is doing a real job of advertising.
In the long run, the grower reaps what he sows. If he sows the
wind, he'll reap the whirlwind.
Growers must stand together to insure orderly distribution at
fair prices, and to get and keep in the driver's seat.
Every time you sell to a fly-by-night fresh goods' buyer, or to
any canner but your own Cranberry Canners, Inc., you're just sowingthe wind.
CRANBERRY CANNERS, INC. South Hanson, Mass.
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REPRESENITING A$5,000,000. A YEAR INDUSTRY
~~tNitiAWL CRANBERRY MAGAZIA,
l4 N1 10
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WASH INGTO N
Nov.
J 9 36
WE MANUFACTURE ALL KINDS OF CRANBERRY EQUIPMENT
Separators -Conveyors -Belt Screens -Blowers -Elevators -Box Shakers -Box
Presses -Scoops -Snaps -Gas Locomotives -Wheel Barrows -Dusters -Vine Setters
Vine Pruners -Pumps -Sand Screens -Turf Haulers -Turf Axes-
We Supply
Motors -Gas Engines -Sprayers -Belting -Pulleys -Shafting -Axes -Picks
Grub Hoes -Mattocks -Shovels, etc.
The Harvest Season Is Over
It's A Good Time To Check
I What You Need
For Instance PUMPS
THE BAILEY PUMP 4-in. 20-in.
Is Recognized IReo 800 to 14,000
w'"~ , ~Gal. Capacity
Throughout The Industry
Per Minute
For Large Growers -Our Gas Locomotive Will
Save You Money in Sanding-Even on Short Trips
WRITE US
TEL.
SOUTH CARVER
CARVE R
H. R BAILEY CO
ESTABLISHED 1895
A Platform to which
every Cranberry Grower
should subscribe --
We Believe That-
Advertising should be prudently and effectively
confined to the finest grades of cranberries and be
affiliated with the sales companies.
The red, white and blue EATMOR trademark on a
box of cranberries must guarantee that the cranberries
in that box are dependable in grade and quality.
The advertising of the EATMOR brand has definitely
created an increase in the demand for cranberries.
4 The trademark EATMOR has established its value
and high reputation along with other important,
nationally known trademarks for food products.
Every grower equipped to pack cranberries according
to EATMOR standards should share in the benefit of
the advertising.
Each grower should do his part to further the beneficial
effects the cranberry industry has enjoyed from the
advertising campaigns by joining the appropriate
cooperative growers organization which is affiliated
with the American Cranberry Exchange.
Think It Over 9
The American Cranberry Exchange's 19
average sales price for all the cranberries
it sold from the three states (Massachusetts,
New Jersey and Wisconsin) for ten years Defte anned selin
before advertising of EATMOR Cranberries policies,duc
was started, 1907 to 1916 inclusive, was adversing, and aation$
6.08 per barrel.
It's average sales price for allakeall the the average price
Cranberries it sold from the three states for the1936crop the proof
since it began national advertising of that E A T M OR should
EATMOR Cranberries, 1917 to 1935 inclu-hav your full support.
sive, was $9.95 per barrel.
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FRESH FROM THE FIELDS
Opening Price The final devel-
For Howes opment in the
$15.60 cranberry grow-
e15s60
ylow
erbeens year has
bhen reached with the setting f
excellent price from the growers'
point of view, too $3.90 a quarter
for top quality, or $15.60 a barrel.
This is really a little more than
many growers hoped for, and to
some it seems a trifle high for an
opening figure. But time will tell
as to the judgment at setting that
figure.
Demand It may be said that
Modeately with the end of
Moeratl wh
Good October the demand
continues good, al-
though there is considerable dick-
ering by buyers for a little lower
price than $3.90. Tere w be
Atpresenta
goodmany
At pgo arkeset atgod may br
from Wscnsinare bergpced
god
in the market and these are being
sold a markbelowbelow top back.
price
The first week after the announce-
ment of the opening price saw a
little sag in moving Cape berries
little thethetopprice.
as heavy shipments began in Wis-
consin and some from New Jer-
sey. These were sld at nearly the
same price as Cape Early Blacks,
which are practically all cleaned
out.
Much Canning A good deal of
This Fall canning will be
done this year,
which will certainly have its good
effect upon the price stability. It
is expected that 100,000 barrels
will in this way be taken off the
fresh fruit market.
Harvesting Of course harvest-
Completed ing has now been
completed every-
where and the crop estimate as
released by U. S. Crop Statistician
C. D. Stevens was for a crop un-
changed from that of the Sepd
Sep-
tember estimate. This is held to
be a little high by many who now
believe that when final figures are
all tabulated the crop will be very
nearly that of last year's extremely
yield.
Expect Same Authoritative es-
Ctop asvulaets timate now is for
Crop as
Last Year 325,000 barrels
f or Massachu-
By C. J.H.
moderate, and the Exchange expects
that prices will be maintained,
although there will doubtless
be sales resistance at the top
price. Buyers in general realize
that the country's cranberry crop
is extremely short as a ai
whole.
Another valuable asset this year is
tht ast sprt o secula
years
setts, although this is certainly theabsent
bottom figure; Wisconsin 58,000 or
59,000 barrels, or a practically
average crop for that state, and
with Jersey possibly having 60,000
or a little more, not much more,
than Wisconsin, or an extremely
small yield for that second cran-
berry producing state. Washing-
ton may have about 16,000 barrels
and Oregon 4,500.
Wisconsin The Mather regionCrop of Wisconsin had a
much better crop
beatr3ries
than it did last year, primarily
because the marshes in that sec-
tion which were so severely winter
killed several years ago Rapnow
coming The Witop are
coming back The Wsconsin Rap-
ids secti -n is some below that of
last year, while the bogs in the
Northern section were extremely
hard hit by the great Mid-West
drought, attributed chiefly to the
fact that they were in full bloom
when the heat wave destroyed most
of the blossos, whereas in the
central part of the state the ber-
.— ries already
had set.
Wisconsin's W i s c o n s i n's
Largest CroP largest individu-
5 00 Barrels al crop this year
.
will apparently
be that of the Central Cranberry
company of Wisc nsin Rapids,
___formerly known as the Arpin
marsh, which has harvested about
5,000 barrels. The second largest
crop is that of the Gaynor marsh
with somewhat less than 5,000
barrels.
ments Car shipments
Shipments Car s
Expect Price Very few Blacks
e e left o th
e
Maitaied Cape and with
th e Wisconsin
berries usually cleaned up almost
entirely by the Thanksgiving
market it is confidently expectedthat Massachusetts and New Jersey
lates will be disposed of at
prices encouraging to growers.
Little Trouble One thing which
From Frosts the growers
could be thankful
for this fall was very good luck
as far as frosts went. There were
but three warnings sent out before
th, greater part of the crop had
been harvested in the East, and
but one of these would have caused
inju y. As it was, there were
practically no fall losses from
frost
Cranberry The Department of
R A
&Rdio Agriculture of the
Broadcast State of Massachusetts
is to use a
story on the growth of the
cranberry industry on its radio
program on Tuesday, November
10, at 1:15 n. m. This will go on
the air over Station WAAB, at
Boston, and Commissioner Howard
H Murphy will be the announcer.
All three-color labels used by
the members of the Wisconsin
Cranberry Sales company were
printed by the Fey Publishing
d c ny of continue on
of last year paper manufactured at Wisconsin
and at this writing demand is Rapids, Wisconsin.
St Ahead c e aaheRapids
Three
A,I I,.One of our agricultural clays
has a fineness of particle size th
Homemade Sand ing Scow is astonishing. This is why iL
for Cranberry Marshes nmakes such an excellent fog whche
used as an Insecticidal Dust car-
By ETHEL M. KRANICK rier. Just to give s' me idea of
For sanding and resanding even coat about one-half inch the nature of this clay, it has been
large-area cranberry marshes, a deep. estimated that if we could take
southwestern Oregon cranberry An 18-horse-power, two-cycle, the surface area of the particles in
grower constructed a special type air-cooled motor, used for propell-o n e ounce of "BANCROFT
sanding scow, which carries a two-ing power, is attached to the rear . CLAY" these particles would
yard load of sand in a specially of the scow. Two rather large spread out and make a surface
constructed hopper, and by a rudders are turned by one lever, containing 184 square feet. The
mechanical device the sand is re-One man rides on the front and number of particles in one ounce
leased as needed through the turns the feed crank when ready is inconceivably large-in the
bottom of the scow. to dump and also operates the neighborhood of nine hundred and
The scow measures 9 by 18 feet other breaker. ninety-nine billion. If it were
and is 16 inches deep. The frame By careful measurement it has possible to place a coating of
is made of three 3 by 14 inch been found that the two yards of these clay particles systematically
planks, laid lengthwise with a 5 sand feeds out 1/2 inch deep, eight on the surface of a leaf, it would
inch discharge slot made crosswise feet wide in a distance of 160 feet probably require between three
at the center. The sides of the slot when the scow is moving at the and five billion of. these clay
are of 2 by 14-inch material. The rate of about three miles an hour. grains per square inch. The New
bottom is of 11/2-inch fir boards Willow switches are placed before Deal hasn't anything on us when
nailed on crosswise. The whole the flood goes on. These are it comes to figures.
scow is then caulked in the same placed some 16 feet apart in rows. In thinking of clay particles we
way as a marine scow and all The scow makes a trip on each talk in terms of microns and milliseams
asphalted. side of the row. If the scow microns. A micron is one one-
The hopper is 8 feet wide and is should swing into a switch it thousandth of a millimeter, and a
V shaped, 5 feet wide at the top springs back into place again. millimeter is approximately one
of the V and 5 inches wide at the Two men can load the hopper in thirty-second of an inch. Similar-
bottom. It is so built that it fifteen minutes. It takes 22 loads, ly, a milli-micron is one one-
comes directly above two corru-if small 3 cu. ft. wheelbarrows are thousandth part of a micron. For
gated rollers which are directly used. If the load is carried a dis-the sake of comparison, the human
over the discharge slot. The roll-tance of 600 feet, two men can eye has a visibility range of about
ers have a center bearing and are spread 28 yards of sand in 8 50 microns, that is, a mark or par-
operated by a sprocket chain, hours. With labor at $2.50 per tide 50 microns in diameter is
geared two-to-one and turned by a day the cost is about 20 cents per about the smallest object that can
hand crank. The roller corruga-yard. be seen. This is approximately
tions are of galvanized sheet iron, equal to a single opening in a 325
in fact the whole inside of the P t Size f esh screen.
hopper is lined with the same kind ari e zThe particle size composition of
of sheet iron. Directly above the A r1-"1A CLAY" as
BANCROFT is about
rollers, inside the hopper is a two-DUsting follows: 89% of all particles ar
inch pole with nails driven around less than 7 microns in diameter and
the pole irregularly for the purpose By K. E. WARD about 60% of the particles are
of breaking the sand as it enters of United Clay Mines Corporation less than 1/2 micron in diameter.
the feed rollers. This pole is Trenton, N. J. is not known how many are, for
geared with a two-to-one sprocket During the past few years we example, of lesser size than this.
chain. have been giving considerable
Where a heavier and less fluffy
To take off the full load strain thought and study to the particle is required a clay of a coarser
from the bottom, two larger poles size of our clays, several of which nature is furnished such as "RANare
placed in the hopper, some are being extensively used as dilu-COCAS CLAY" which has a fairly
eight or ten inches above the ents for Insecticidal Dusts. Con-small percentage of its particles
geared pole. These have three siderable research work has been ner 2 crn n y lar
rows of spikes driven in on the conducted with one of our mater-en e e This
top. Each pole has a lever; these ials, and at the start, it is to be prctae a
levers operate by hand as needed noted that particle size is not to be aila l
and break the main load which in confused with fineness of grind cranberry dusting inasmuch as it
turn is spread evenly over the a material may be milled very fine flows freely, does not "cake" or
geared pole and on to the rollers and yet have a larger particle size become lumpy, and will remain
where it is fed out into the water than one which is not ground as smooth indefinitely, provided it is
and settles on the marsh in an fine. stored in a reasonably dry place,
Four
served, where cats and similar
enemies may be controlled, and
THE /RANBERRYGROWEVR' the boxes may be easily
Lwhere
TBI
mCVery
INTEKI RD CEST IliJ DI D ^
INTERESSIL
T\L I1\ BI LNS
By JOHN B. MAY
cleaned after occupation.
successful nesting boxes
have been made from old shingles,
pieces of packing boxes, and similar
material. A saw, hammer,
jackknife and a few nails are all
the tools necessary and a box can
be assembled in a few minutes.
Boxes made of weathered wood and
of slabs with the bark on seem
most popular with the birds, but
boxes made of new material may
be stained a neutral color or
erected in the fall and allowed to
weather. However, birds are sometimes
attracted by the brightest
(Continued from last month)
Increasing Our Bird Population
If we grant that birds may be
useful about cranberry bogs, the
next step consists of devising
means of encouraging and pro-
tecting these little creatures.
Birds require few necessities,-
food, water, shelter from enemies,
and places where they may rear
their young being the principal
needs. Supply these few require-
ments and the bird population
should prosper and increase.
Few birds suffer from lack of
during the food
warmer weather,
food the warmer weather
in all probability, though winter
be g impor-
feeding masy of reat
tance. Occasionally during a pro-
longed rainy period, some of our
insect eaters, especially the Swal-
lows and Martins, may be seriously
affected, but unfortunately there
is very little we can do in such
cases. Water is usually ample
about cranberry bogs, in the reser-
voirs and ditches, so drinking
places need not be supplied es-
pecially for the birds. Oiling,
sometimes applied in mosquito
control may pollute the water so
that the birds suffer, but it is an
uneconomical treatment and seldom
desirable. Cats and human beings
are probably our wild birds' great-
est enemies. The former can be
trapped and killed, for those found
about cranberry bogs are usually
semi-wild, abandoned stragglers
and are extremely destructive to
birds. The humans must be educa-
ted, and restrained by means of
"No Shooting" signs. If a bog
owner wishes to allow hunting
upon his property, he should at
least insist that the laws regard-
ing protected species and closed
seasons I_ obeyed._1____ A
be
This leaves nesting sites to be
provided. Fortunately, many of
the most desirable birds from the
cranberry grower's point of view
are birds which normally nest in
holes of some sort and which,
therefore, may be attracted by
artificial nesting places. Among
these are the Bluebird, Tree
Swallow, Crested Flycatcher, Pur-
ple Martin, Chimney Swift (which
nested in hollow trees before chim-and most gaily tinted of domiciles.
neys were built in America), Spar-
row, Hawk, Wood Duck and that
alien, the Starling. Several other
species often nest about buildings
or under some kind of shelter
which can be easily supplied or
adapted for their use, including
the Barn Swallow, Cliff or Eave
R Catbird Phoebe
Swallow, Robin, Catbird, Phoebe
or Bridge Bird, and a few others.
Still other birds, which nest in
trees, shrubs or on the ground, only
k that ther eemies b
away from their chosen haunts.
Devices For Attracting Birds
As or limb
tre or a deserted woodpecker's
Houses made of cheap material
nesting season, instead of being
cleaned and renovated.
Different birds prefer different
sizes and types of houses. Direc
tions for making several types fol
low.
low.
Bluebird. Interior dimensions
about 4/ by / by 8 to inches.
about 4 by 414 by 8 to 10 inches.
Entrance hole near top of one
na t one
side, 1a/2 inches in diameter. (The
entrance hole is the most important
dimension: Bluebirds will not
enter a holle 1/4 inches in diameter,
and Starlings are likely to drive
nest is the usual site occupied bythem away from a box with an
hole-nestng birds of severalinches in diam
species, in trying to attract such
birds we should employ material
which imitates to some extent such
natural cavities. A section of a
tree containing an old woodpeck-
er's nest may be transported to the
bog and set up on a pole, or a hol-
low limb may be sawed into sec-
tions eight to twelve inches long,
the lower end of each section
plugged and the upper end covered
with an overhanging piece of old
board and a hole bored in the side
for an entrance.
It is much better to attach bird
houses to poles rather than nail
them to trees, as the nails may
later be overgrown and become
dangerous obstacles for axe or saw
when the tree is cut up for lumber
or firewood. The houses should
be where they can readily be ob-
eter.) Long axis of box should
be vertical. Place in light shade
be vertical. Place in light hade
among trees or on the edge of the
bog. (Boxes such as these and the
following may be made very inexpensively
in quantity by giving
the dimensions of each piece of
wood to a sawmill or box factory
which will cut the pieces and the
houses may be assembled later at
the bog, stained and erected. Unplaned
wood should be used.)
BIRD HOUSES
Single House-Knocked Down
25 Lots 71/2c each
F. O. B. New Bedford
F. . B. New Bedford
CUSHNET SAW MILLS CO
NEW BEDFORD, MASS.
Five
cranberry growers direct their own
SOME CRANBERRY GRO\ERS investigations. Anybody who thinks
he can take a leading part in cran
llVHAI C
By NEIL
(Editor's Note). Neil E. Stevens, who
is at present a professor in the Univer-
sity of Illinois was through his work in
the cranberry industry extremely well
known to many cranberry growers. His
chief work lay in plant disease research,
His own introduction .to this series of
rather personal little articles follows,
It-was begun several :years ago.
t wasseeralyears
egun agothe
C. L. LEWIS, JR.
Many cranberry growers inherit
their interest in the cranberry busi-
ness, even their cranberry basi-
nesses. The case of Lewis, however,
is quite different and, while I am
not a Presbyterian and do not
know exactly what the phrases
mean, if there ever was a person
predestined and foreordained to be-
come a cranberry grower it was
Charlie Lewis.
Immediately after his graduation
from the University of Minnesota
in the Forestry Course, which, by
the way, he apparently took be-
cause it was nearer cranberry
growing than anything else of-
fered, he started out to learn the
cranberry business. He worked for
the Wisconsin Cranberry Experi-
ment Station, for Doctor Franklin
on Cape Cod, and as a laborer on'
on
the Carver bog managed by Law-
rence Rogers. In his paper before
the Wisconsin Association in 1908,
when he was still a college student,
is the following expression of his
enthusiasm:
"It may be well at this point to
relate what attraction there is in
the rcanberry business that induces
one to put his life work into it.
The factors that appeal to an out-
sider are in brief: health, indepen-
dence, the kind of work, and the
prosperity of a cranberry grower.
The out-door life contributes to the
health. The manner of living, the
locations of one's interests and the
fact that a grower is his own mas-
ter, gives independence. The work
is intensely interesting, specula-
tive in a sense, and under careful
guidance progress can be traced
with the eye. Prosperity is bound
to come to one who pursues the
business with love, patience, ener-
gy, and unselfish ambition."
Six
I I \BAA\ /K IIXK investigations' has at
Vone ^^NOWN guess coming to him. My
l r ~berry least
more
experience is that the best he can
E. STEVENS do is try to keep up with the procession
and try to check up on the
Ten years' experience in promot-suggestions which the cranberry
growes
ing and developing a cranberry bog growers with all courtesy will force
might have dampened any ordinary upon him.
ardor but the final paragraph of a The letter.
paper given in 1917 sounds much "I was so badly disorganized by
the am
same. the hail storm thatI am just re"
Speaking of weeds; I have wor-turning to normal. I never suffered
ried myself sick at times over such -keen disappointment in my
weeds that really amounted to vey life and I am sorry that I was feel
little. I have had to learn their ing so blue when L. M. R. was
characteristics by experience alone with us. His presence however,
when a few words by some author-did much to help me mentally and
ity a few years ago would have although unable to assist him as
saved us a great deal in worry and much as I otherwise might have, I
money. I fought with the horsetail enjoyed going to the various wild
weed and found none in this state bogs, etc., when I could.
who could give me advice. I havemy work with the Exchange
In my work with the
worried over many another weed I f
I feel lamentablye weak in the
only to work out my own solutions identification of the fungus rotss of'
as best I culd. I believe I could beies
rite a ook on the subject of
weeds on a cranberry bog. Al-The Exchange blindly calls these
though experience is our best storage rots either End Rot, Early
Rot, Scald or Water Soaking and I
source of knowledge, the subject of t, Scald or Water Soaking and I
weeds is one with which we should am far from satisfied. I am hungry
not have to struggle. Each plant for some real dope and it is mighty
has its peculiar habitat, method of important to be able to identify
the few serious rots found in ber'.
growth, special root system and the few serious rots found in be-
means o propagation. Eac an res that I inspect. Could we have
can conquiredThp we ome samples of these rots bot
every one be^n^ ifo m tl^ed and kept in the laboratory and
find the proper weapon. The roo ted and kept in the laboratory a
of one, the seeds of another, the hown at our meetings? The rap-
amount of moisture required y a ity of growth is of course vy
third, the length of life of a fourth, important.
and so on, are the points of attack. No doubt all this information 1'
Without problems the cranberry already on tap but I am rustry on
business would lose much of its in-it or else it has not, been em-
terest and there would be an over-phasized at our meetings.
production. We still have great We lose much more volume by
improvements to make in the mar-fungi than we do by frost now.
keting end, in more intensive cull. Shrinkage in storage, decay in
vation and in better cooperation. transit and in the hands of the
Personally I am an enthusiast. The buyers represents one of our most
opportunities appear unlimited. My serious problems. You have done a
seven years experience in the busi-lot: of work on these rots and [
ness is just enough to make me want to brush up on the latest
feel happy that I have about 40 knowledge to date and what have
years experience ahead' of me." you?
In 1928 (over ten years later.) i A frequent question put to me is
had a characteristic letter from "Will this berry (showing decay)
Lewis, dated Hutchinson, Kansas, go down fast or slow?" "Should we
November 27, 1928, when he hal put our Blacks and other fruit in
just suffered one of the most ser-cold storage or common storage?
ious financial reverses of his ca-A lot of Jersey Blacks put in cold
reer. Lewis': letter gives a fair ex storage in Chicago went to pieces.
ample of the extent to which the I usually recommend cold storage.
.JC ""'f l ^1ISSUE OF NOVEMBER, 1936
Vol. 1
WISCONSIN'S CRANBERRY FESTIVAL
We take off our hats to the cranberry
growers of Wisconsin and to the citizens
of Wisconsin Rapids who have recently
presented the "Wisconsin Rapids First
Annual Cranberry Harvest Festival."
Everyone in that section must have been
impressed by the value of the cranberry
industry to the State of Wisconsin.
Furthermore, a "Cranberry Queen" was
selected from among the Wisconsin lasses
and sent to Washington with a box of
Eatmore cranberries to deliver personally
to President Roosevelt. Thus was the
value of Wisconsin cranberries and cran-
berries in general brought to the attention
of the Chief Executive and to others.
There was a parade with the winning
float, that of the Wisconsin Sales Company,
and the sales company featured Eatmore
cranberries at the State Fair in Milwaukee
and at the International Horticultural
Fair in Chicago. The Wisconsin Rapids
Daily Tribune put out a special 32 page
supplement devoted entirely to cranber-
ries. Hearty congratulations to Wisconsin.
That is an interesting contraption
described in this month's issue by Mrs.
Ethel M. Kranick-a home-made scow for
sanding bogs in Oregon. In the East and
Wisconsin we sand direct on the vines and
we sand on the ice but sanding on the
water is apparently something brand new.
iSYMPATHY
All fellow cranberry growers can well
sympathize with the unfortunate growers
of the seaside town of Bandon, Oregon,
which was completely wiped out by the
terrible forest fire that swept that state
for many square miles. It appears the
growers fought valiantly to save their bogs
and have gone on bravely with the harvest
of what the flames left, even though their
homes were left smoking ruins. The growers
of Coos County, Oregon, have been
developing such an excellent section of
bogs in the last few years, with so much
ambition and persistence, that the sudden
blow of the complete loss of their town
must have come like a bolt of lightning
out of the sky. However, they are apparently
going right ahead just the same.
No. 7 C ONL RAERR
PUBLISHED MONTHLY
at the
WAREHAM COURIER OFFICE,
WAREHAM MASSACHUSETTS U. S. A.
Edito and Publisher
ET Al
LEMUEL C. HALL
Associate Editor
CLARENCE J. HALL
Business Manager
Subscription $2.00 per year
Subscription $2.00 per year
Advertising rates upon application
CORRESPONDENTS-ADVISORS
CHARLES S. BECKWITH
Cranberry Specialist
ebert N
Pemberton, N. J.
Wisconsin
VERNON LDSWORTHY
ds,
Wisconsin Rapids, Wisconsin
Washington.Oregon
Washington.Oregon
J. D. CROWLEY
Cranberry Specialist
Pullman, Wash.
ETHEL M. KRANICK
Bandon, Oregon
Massachusetts
DR. HENRY J. FRANKLIN
Director Mass. State Cranberry Experiment Station
East Wareham Mass.
BERTRAM TOMLINSON
Barnstable County Agricultural.Agent
Barnstable, Mass.
New York City Representative
KENT LIGHTY
280 Madison Ave. Tel. Lexington 2-3595
Seven
Wheelbarrows -Sand Screens -Bog Tools
For Economical Ice Sanding
Sand Spreaders
Spreaders for All Sizes of Steel Dump Bodies -[
Hand and Hydraulic Hoist
Steel Dump Bodies
For /2 Ton and 1 Ton Trucks
Representative Worthinton Bog umps t.
Hayden CranberrySeparatorMfg. Co
367 Main St. Wareham, Mass. Telephone 497-W
Oregon Cranberry Center Is
Oregon Cranberry Center is
Destroyed In Forest Conflagrationn
Residents Homeless and Bogs Damaged-Loss of Life
and Narrow Escapes
The following, written by Mrs. Ethel
M. Kranick, tells of the fire horror
which recently destroyed the entire town
of Bandon, Oregon, where a considerable
part of the West Coast cranberries are
grown. She writes that residents of the
town are homeless and that it is impossible
to know what a terrible catas-
trophe befell the coastal town of Ban-
don unless it was seen. Several lives
were lost.
Fire and its destruction have
wiped Bandon, Oregon, entirey out.
Outlying districts have been con-
pletely ruined or entirely destroyed.
Strange things have happened.
The oil and gas tanks remain-in-
dustry-in the form of mills, have
been saved. The cranberry marsh-
es, where fire swept down to the
very edges, will still produce a
marvelous crop.
H. H. Duforts, who had the finest
and most scientifically laid out
marsh, will sustain the heaviest
loss. Mr. Duforts expected 18 hun-
dred boxes-but it is now estimated
Eight
that only 6 hundred boxes will be
salvaged. A. T. Morrison figures
his loss to be not more than 100
boxes. Strange as it may seem,
the fire burned all the timber,
brush and grass to the very edgeof his marsh, and the berries re-
mained unharmed,
It is quite possible that a blanket
of smoke covered the marsh as the
flames moved upward. The entire
loss for the whole area is estimated
at 2000 boxes. Langlois and
Walstron, and Bates Bros. had
picked for several days before the
fire, and they lost what berries
were in the store-house. Those un-
picked were unharmed.
The fire did not get within half
a mile of the L. M. Kranick marsh,
where picking was in progress.
Mr. Kranick estimated his crop at
1300 boxes, but finds his crop to be
between 1600 and 2000 boxes. On
one field a square rod was meas
red off and picked. It produced
42/3 bushels or 746 bushels to the
acre. These were the new Stanko
vitch berries, with overhead irrigation.
Fire did not reach the Petterson
marsh or the Stankavitch place.
H. H. Dufort, Sumner Fish, A.
T. Morrison, and C. F. St. Sure
were in the line of the heaviest
fire, and a hundred men fought fire
along the Bear Creek line all day.
Mr. Dufort and his son were
trapped in one thin place and had
to fight to save both their lives
and their berries. Young Dufort
had his shirt burned from his back
as he braved the flames in an
effort to save his store-house and
his cottage. His father saved the
pump-house and electrical equipment
by shear daring. With his
eyes closed because of smoke, he
stood in the creek and threw buckets
of water on the building and on
himself. When the flames had
passed, Mr. Dufort was only able
to crawl, from shear exhaustion
and blinding smoke.
sprung up in the wake of lumber-
G A h A^ I~L]~\A/ ^ing operations that are most
rMoth War Has heavily infected. Mixed forests in
Cypsy
which oak of the scrub types pre
sN Dgv lp e t dominates, as on the Cape, and
N evw eve lpment mixed forests in which gray birch
and poplar predominate, as in
Cut Out Worthless Trees on A new method has been found northern New England, were found
Which They Like To Feed by the three scientists named and to be particularly rich in gypsies.
nWillRea their findings are being published Much of this scrub oak, gray birch
and Will Repay by the Massachusetts Forest and and poplar is nearly worthless.
Forest
the Cost. Park Association. Cutting out such worthless scrub
The root of the new method is as the small oaks, the gray birch
NOTf Theesgypy moth problem isrry the fact that the gypsy moth likes and the poplar will allow the valugrower.
The following is reprinted to feed upon certain trees more able pines, hard maples, yellow
withh permission of the Boston, (Mass.) than others. The trees most highly birch and really good trees room to
Globe.per
A-—hfavoredn m o f are oak, alder, gray birth, develop properly. Thus the weeding
A new method of fighting the linden or basswood, willow, river out of the trees the gypsy moth
gypsy moth in New England is be-birth, poplar, box elder, hawthorn likes to eat not only promises to
ing announced this week by the and apple. Of these only the oak, reduce very greatly the danger of
Massachusetts Forest and Park gray birch and popular are numer-any outbreak of the pest in the fu-
Association. ous in New England forests. utre but pays for itself and ac-
The method has been worked out If these trees were eliminated tually gives a profit in the greatly
this summer by C. Edward Behre from the forests, then the gypsy increased production of good wood
of the Northeastern Frest Exper-moth would not multiply o rapidly fo area
ment Station by A. C. Cline of the and the two methods of control
Harvard Forest and by W. L. Bak-mentioned would be efective in
er of the Bureau of Entomology preventing any furter outbreaks. We Have Listings of
and Plant Quarantine. It is to be The investigators found that the Cranberry Bogs, Large and Small
known as silvicultural control. original pine forests of New Eng-FOR SALE
Today, outside of a few out-land were resistant to the gypsy Geo. A. Cole Agency
breaks in New Jersey and Penn-moth in any place where the pines WILDA HANEY
sylvania, which have apparently still survived and that it was the Decas Block
been rigidly controlled, the gypsy mixed hardwood forests that have Wareham, Massachusetts
is practically unknown outside of
New England ...... . . .
But, within New England, despite
the millions of dollars that
have been spent, it is now certain The National Bak of Wareham
that the gypsy can never be eradicated.
We have, however, learned ARE MASS.
to live with it, and, beyond periodic
outbreaks of the moth, such as Established as a State Bank 1833
last year, it seems likely that pres-Entered National system 1865
ent methods of control will keep
the damage at a comparatively
low level.
There is biological control ac-
There is biological control ac-Small loans are made to parties who are of
complished by fighting the gypsy
moth by the artificial introduction legal age having a good reputation and steady
of parasitic and predacious enemies income. The amount of the loan is based upon
of the species. The second type of
control is that of destroying the ability to meet the obligatin and loans may be
insect in the egg by painting the repaid in convenient weekly or monthly payments
clusters with creosote and by consistent with income received
poisoning the insect in the cater-
pillar stage by spraying trees with
lead arsenate.
These methods of control work
very well in parks and orchards. DEPARTMENTS
The expense is so great that it has
The expense is so great that it has Commercial Trust Savings Safe Deposit
not proved practical to use these
methods to any extent in forest
lands, el. -.-
Nine
THE BLUEBERRY GROWER
The following is one of a series
of excerps from a bulletin "The
Cultivation of the Highbush Blue-
berry" by Stanley Johnson, po-
mologist at the Agricultural Ex-
periment station at the Michigan
State college at South Haven,
Michigan.
Mr. Johnson writes that at pres-
ent there are about 75 acres of
cultivated blueberries in that state,
ranging in age from one to eight
years. There is considerable inter-
est in Southern Michigan in grow-
ing this berry at present, and blue-
berry culture is one of the main
projects at the station at this
time. A number of experiments
relative to cultural operations
are being carried out and rather
extensive breeding work is under-
way, with about 10,000 crossbred
seedlings in the field.
(Continued from last month)
(Contnued
from last
Chokning the Location for
Blueberry Growing
There are many locations in
southern Michigan that are suit-
able for growing, the highbush
blueberry.
Such factors as good roads,
,nearness to market, and a popula-de
tion large enough o pp u
ficient pickers are always of value
cintr ap aly 1 fv
in the growing of any small fruit.
Howehe b ry ll re-
However, the blueberry will re
main on the blushes longer after
main on the bushes after
maturity and will stand shipment
better than any ofan othe small
fruits commonly grown. The fruit
can be grown therefore, in situa-
tions less favorably located for
marketing, although the deliberate
selections of such locations is not
advised.
Selection of the Site
The early history of blueberry
Ten
culture is plentifully supplied various muck soils, those growing
with instances of failure due to a in the very acid muck (pH 4.4)
lack of knowledge concerning the made the best growth. The growth
plant's soil requirements. Coville in the extremely acid muck (Ph
first showed that the blueberry 3.4) was almost as good. In the
plant is very sensitive to soil condi-slightly (pH 6.8) and moderately
tions and that failure is certain (pH 5.5) acid mucks growth was
unless the proper soil is selected. small and the foliage was ab-
His work showed that the blue-normally colored and dropped pre-
berry plant requires an acid soil maturely. The plants growing in
and that plants set on a neutral or the very acid muck produced apalkaline
soil make very little proximately 100 ounces of fruit
growth and many of them die. the second year and 301 the third
In order to demonstrate the while those in the extremely acid
necessity of an acid soil for the muck produced approximately 45
blueberry plant, an experiment was ounces of fruit the second year
started in which sand and muck 138 the third. The plants
soils of different degrees of acidity growing in the slightly and mod-
were placed in a series of wooden erately acid mucks produced one-
boxes buried in the soil. These eighth ounce of fruit in each plot
boxes were 12 feet long, four feet the second year and no fruit and
wide, and two feet deep They 17 ounces, respectively, the third
were lined with heavy roofing year
paper to prevent the passage of The average size of the berries
soil moisture between the boxes. was practically the same in all
Three sandy soils were used hav-plots.
ing pH tests of 6.8, 5.5, and 4.4, It might appear from these re-
and four muck soils having pH suits that the extremely acid muck
tests of 6.8, 5.5, 4.4, and 3.4. Each was too acid. This muck was ob-
box was planted with 12 Rubel tained from an extremely wet
plants, all plants being as uniform place where no vegetation was
as possible. growing and it was very raw. It
The plants in the very acid sand is possible that the physical condi
a very good tion of this muck was an important
growth. During the second year, factor in the results obtained.
they produced nearly 50 ounces of Many inquiries have been re
... .
fruit and in the third year about ceived regarding the possibility of
203 ounces. The plants in the acidifying slightly acid or neutral
(pH 6.8) and moderately soils by artificial means, thereby
slightly(pH 5.5) acid sands made a much
ma am agrowingthe
makin r
smaller growth, the foliage being blueberries. Various materials
spse of abnormal color, and have been used for this purpose,
dropping prematurely. Production including leaves, sawdust, apple
also was much lower, being eight pomace, rotted wood, and acid peat.
and five ounces respectively the Of these materials, acid peat
second year and two and seven mixed with the soil has given bene-
ounces the third year. ficial results in some small garden
Of the plants growing in the plantings. Sulphur and aluminum
sulphate have also been used.
Harmer found benefit from the use
of sulphur on blueberries, and
Coville has reported success from
the use of aluminum sulphate on
rhododendrons, azaleas, heather,
and other plants related to the
plueberry. Though these mate-
rials have given good results in
small tests, they cannot be recom-
mended for commercial plantings
until they have been more exten-
sively used experimentally. Good
blueberry land at low prices is
rather abundant in Michigan and
it probably would be wise to use
naturally suitable land first.
The evidence presented shows
clearly that it is extremely im-
portant to use a very acid soil for
blueberry growing. Results obtained
in field and greenhouse
tests indicate that blueberry plants
grow best on soils having a pH
test between 4.4 and 5.1. Though
blueberry plants do reasonably
well on a soil having a pH test
below 4.4, they fail rapidly in
growth and production on soils
having a pH test above 5.1. In
view of the fact that the degree
of soil acidity is so important, it
would be well for the prospective
grower to have a samnple of his
soil tested by some reliable
agency.
(To be continued)
No ——-mt hw
nLeaf
No matter how lenient and
broadminded a man may be about
drinking intoxicating liquor, he
likes to know that the pilot at Lhe
controls of the airplane in which
he chooses to ride is an abstainer.
__ _____ C.
_
A AIIA I TO CRANBERRY
V AILAD LEI GROWERS ANNUALLY
12 Months
52 Weeks
365 D a y s
8760 H o urs
ELECTRICITY
OF DEPENDABLE
lIT
C T I PA
MASSACHUSETTS
Try Dormant
Spray For
ifnsect Eggs
Wisconsin Testing Out Con-
trol for Fire Worm and
Hopper.
by VERNON GOLDSWORTHY
____in
atrinking inoxctghe
A thing of interest in the way
of insect control is now being tried
out in Wisconsin at the Cranberry
~Lake Development Company, the
Gaynor Cranberry Company, A. E.
per control by spraying for the
e ne f
The spraying plots have been
determined beforehand to be heavily
infested with fire worm eggs,
but observations of the eggs in the
case of the leaf hopper could not
be made as the eggs are very hard
to find. The only way this prob
lem could be attacked
spraying areas known to
ily infested with leaf
during the summer.
In other branches of
industry they are able to
was by
be heavhoppers
the fruit
get very
In WVritiln10 IBennett & Son, and the Whit-
AIn tlesey marsh, for the control of fire
WriinABg
good results in many cases with
dormant sprays and it is possible
that some of the cranberry pests
can be controlled in this manner.
If this is the case, it would cer
tainly be an ideal time to spray,
for now the vines are dormant and
there is little chance for injury
either from walking on the vines
or the use of any of the spray
material.
Extensive Experiece in
Experience in
A R
E
At Screenhouses, Bogs and
Pumps Means Satisfaction
ALFRED PI
PAPPI
WAREHAM, MASS. Tel. 626
Eleven
To
ADVERTIS
Please
\/ n~ , m
MIention
(C r a -1b
''Cranberries
worm eggs and leaf hopper eggs
with a dormant spray. Some of
the preliminary work has shown
A 7 gvery promising results. The workRSST
i in charge of Mr. Pitner and
Francis Carrol, an entomologist of
the Agicide Co. of Milwaukee,
under the direction of Mr. L. M.
Rogers, state cranberry specialist.
i. .iExtensiveAt
the present time these men are
making a number of test plots
.. and
.withvarious materials next
* 99' with various materials and nextA
year these areas will be fenced in
with cheese cloth and checked to
determine fire worm and leaf hop
to the cranberry industry of the
Wisconsin s Cranberry Queens"
country.
Spread Gospel of Our Beautiful Recovering Bottoms
Red Autumnal Fruit By Means of Boats
picked them from the marshes and
Girls Take Berries to White helped to assort them." Recovering bottom berries from
House and to New York. "Our greatest thrill thus far, flooded bogs by means of a boat
declared Frances, as she leaned m t
'___ ~was a method tried out in New
-~ ~-back in her comfortable seat on the Jersey last fall. Theodore H. Budd
September 24 was a gala day for Capitol Limited, "was our visit to and Isaac arrison, both worked
two Wisconsin girls. On that night the White House. We left Chicago upon the theory that if the vines
Lucille Wirtz and Frances O'Betka on the Capitol Limited-Oh, yes, were stirred up berries on the
rode on a gaily decorated barge our prize for being elected was a bottom would rise to the top.
and felt like Cleopatra on a journey trip to Washington, New York, t e
down the Nile. Much happier, and then back to Chicago for Mr. Budd had made a small scow,
perhaps, for Lucille and Frances several days. It's all thrilling." about 12 x 4 feet in size. Across
were crowned Queens of Cranberry-"Oh, yes" put in Lucille, we
the rear was built an ordinary
land, while eight canoes filled with must tell you about Washingt paddle wheel, first with four pad-
young folk serenaded them with We went to the White House to hese
were about four inches wide and
the "Indian Love Call" from Rose present President Roosevelt with w about submerged The wheel
Marie. And there were more thrills a box of cranberries. How large a was driven by a small gas engine
to come-a prize trip to Washing-box? Oh, a quarter-barrel. And s n a .
ton, New York and Chicago-with a nosegay of cranberries fcr Mrs. g a ca tht the vi
a visit to the White House, where Roosevelt." could be stirred very successfully
they unexpectedly were invited "But they weren't at home" could be stired vey sccesfully
to tea. declared Frances. There was no question but that it
It all happened this way. "No, they weren't, but we got bought up most of the dropped
A contest, sponsored by the invited to tea just the same. Think and also a great deal of
Junior Chamber of Commerce of of that for a thrill. We had a chaff and trash. He believed from
Wisconsin Rapids, Wis., elected lovely time, for they had arranged his experiment that where a large
two queens by popular vote. Busi-for us to be cared for. We enjoyed had been harvested that the
ness houses and shops cooperated it all. We're going to write to returns should be good.
returns
and offered a vote for every dol-Mrs. Roosevelt when we get Mr. Harrison attached to the end
lar's worth of merchandise pur-home." of a small boat two boards, parallel
chased. Some 125 girls entered "And the lovely sightseeing tours to the water's surface, in such a
the contest. That Lucille and around Washington. We'll never, way that they could be easily
Frances were elected is a real never forget lovely Arlington raised and lowered. These started
tribute to them, for Lucille was Cemetery, and Washington's Home powerful reverse currents. The
born in rural Wisconsin, in the at Mt. Vernon." operator wore hip boots and walked
cranberry-producing section, ard "And just think. We've still behind the boat. On a 12 acre bog
Frances' work is with the Sugar New York ahead of us" went on the recovered berries brought more
Bowl confectionery. Lucille dreamily. "There's Radio than $400. A patent was applied
The contest was held in cornec-City, and sight-seeing tours, and for on the devise.
tion with the First Annual Cran-a visit to the roof of the RCA It developed that Frank S.
berry Festival of Wisconsin Rap-Building. We feel like real Chambers of New Jersey had
ids, September 24-25. It began queens." started work along this line eight
with a ball, followed by the an-The journey of the Cranberry or ten years ago. He at first tried
nouncement of the names of the Queens from Chicago to New York an outboard motor, but it was
winners, and it ended with educa-with a stopover at Washington, found it became entangled in the
tional tours to the cranberry was made by way of the B. & 0. vines. Then a long tow rope and a
marshes. railroad. horse on the bank were tried.
"That's the only part of the With Thanksgiving "just around Mr. Chambers in his experiment
program in which I did not parti-the corner" this is the climax of desired the opposite of an efficient
cipate" says Lucille, "for having the cranberry year, and Wiscon-hull and tried a scow-shaped box.
been born among the cranberry sin's two charming Cranberry For a power plant he bought a
bogs there wasn't anything about Queens made them true represen-three cyclinder airplane motor
them with which I was not famil-tatives of the cranberry industry, built for pleasure craft. It was
iar. You see, my folks used to and Wisconsin's cranberry festival found it would not run and the
grow cranberries, and I have was a most valuable contribution project was dropped.
Twelve
Needs Cranberries
AND TO GO WITH CRANBERRY GROWING -GROWERS NEED
THEIR OWN TRADE JOURNAL
oll\oNAL CRANBERRy N4A/G 4
TO NON-SUBSCRIBERS: MAY WE HAVE YOUR SUPPORT, NOW!
$2.00 PER YEAR
_
-_=
Keep Your Feet on the Ground!
Be steady. Keep your poise. Remember, to market cranberries
right, you must keep in the driver's seat; and to do that, you must
work for an average good price . . .not the top price for all
your berries.
Use a portion of your crop to insure a steady market. Do not
be influenced by speculation, auction bidding, and wild stampedingby men and agencies who are not familiar with the cranberry industry
or interested in a stabilized market. Their only concern is to take a
gambler's chance in making a profit on a few sales.
Present prices are dangerous. The situation is delicate. A
slight mistake or anything but the very best of skill and good judgmentin marketing both fresh and canned cranberries may have results
disastrous to growers. This is no time to trust the distribution of our
berries to any person or firm not fundamentally interested in the
grower.
Are berries being distributed to markets where we want them?
Are sales in those markets being promoted by hard work and
advertising?
Are we sure these berries are being consumed?
These and a thousand other fundamental problems are beingwatched intensely by Cranberry Canners, Inc., the growers' tool for
a stabilized, advancing market.
Remember, the consumer is our one and only customer. If the
consumer doesn't accept these berries at the prevailing prices of 1Sc
and 20c a pound, then the growers' market and marketing plan will
become a boomerang.
To insure success, we must have tremendous sales energy,
intensive and widespread advertising. The growers must work with
those who are advertising and employing sales effort.
Cranberry Canners is the only canner building the market for
fresh berries. It is doing a real job of advertising.
In the long run, the grower reaps what he sows. If he sows the
wind, he'll reap the whirlwind.
Growers must stand together to insure orderly distribution at
fair prices, and to get and keep in the driver's seat.
Every time you sell to a fly-by-night fresh goods' buyer, or to
any canner but your own Cranberry Canners, Inc., you're just sowingthe wind.
CRANBERRY CANNERS, INC. South Hanson, Mass.
Cranberries -The National Cranberry Magazine -link page
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