5: The term "Muckraker" refers to a reform minded journalist that called attention to corruption in government, poor working conditions, and poverty in the cities. Writers directed their criticisms against the trusts (oil, beef and tobacco), prison conditions, exploitation of natural resources, the tax system, the insurance industry, pension practices and food processing, among others.

9: Roosevelt was the first "Progressive" president. He used federal power to reform labor, business and government. Theodore believed in good and bad trusts. His goal was to break the bad trusts and keep the good trusts. He believed that through regulation, he could protect the citizens and the environment. He introduced the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. He also worked to protect the environment by building national parks. Roosevelt helped put an end to monopolies that hurt consumers. He either made them accommodate, or closed them down. Roosevelt picked up William Taft to run for President because he felt Taft would continue the progressive reforms. Taft was one of his cabinet members. | T.R'.'s Square Deal: 3 Cs 1. control of the corporations (trust busting) 2. consumer protection (meat inspection act, pure food and drug act) 3. conservation (national parks, etc)

10: Progressivism during the W. Taft Presidency

11: William Howard Taft was chosen as the next president by Roosevelt. Even though he busted more trusts than Roosevelt, Taft was seen as weaker. Lowering of tariffs was important to Progressives, but Taft failed at that. He allowed the sale of public lands that were to be conserved. This led to the split of the republican party.

15: The 16th Amendment made the income tax constitutional. If it weren't for that amendment, Americans today would be able to take home 100% of their paychecks instead of sending an ever-increasing portion to the government. The 17th Amendment disenfranchised the states by taking away their right to choose senators. Instead, the senators are now directly elected. This eliminated checks and balances that were designed to protect the rights of the states and keep the federal government (mostly) within its constitutional constraints. The 18th Amendment banned the use of alcohol. The 19th Amendment allowed women to vote.

16: REPORT CARD

17: SUCCESSES: 1. Women got the right to vote. 2. Senators could be elected directly, instead of being picked by the governor. 3. Urban problems were addressed by professional social workers who operated settlement houses as a means to protect and improve the prospects of the poor. 4. The CLayton Anti-Trust Act spelled out specific activities big businesses could not do. 5. The meat inspection act, pure food and drug act protected the consumer. FAILURE: 1. There was little action on social justice reforms regarding race. The needs of African Americans and Native Americans were poorly served or served not at all.