In 34 survivors of the first 43 ECMO patients from our institution before discharge to another hospital or home an EEG, BAER, Head Ultrasonography, cerebral CT scan, Dubowitz score and ophthalmological inspection were performed. At one year of age Mental Developmental Index of the Bayley scales, Motor Quotient as well as pulmonary and neurological status were assessed. In 29 patients follow-up took place in our hospital. In 17 of them (59%) all tests before discharge were normal, 2 patients (7%) showed an abnormal BAER, an additional 5 patients (17%) had abnormal EEG and 2 patients (7%) had abnormal HUS in combination with abnormal cerebral CT scan. In 19 patients (33%) the Dubowitz score was abnormal at discharge. At one year of age neurological status was normal in 25 (86%) patients, respiratory status was normal in 22 (76%) and Mental Development Index was > 80 in 23 of the patients (79%). A significant correlation between Mental Development Index and Motor Quotient was found r = 0.50, p = 0.0065. It is concluded that more than one abnormal neurophysiological test before discharge may identify patients with additional risks for adverse outcome and that the respiratory status influenced psychomotor development at one year of age.