"The vast land of the Manju, which is now Chinese territory, has a living and breathing history of Korean ancestors."
"The discovery of 5000 year old Goddess statues in Oct 1984, have shocked the Chinese archaeological society."
"The excavation reveals the sign of the birth of new civilization."
"Among East Asian Civilization, this area has the oldest and most developed civilization."
"This has been termed 'Yoha Civilization'."
"Prof. Yi Hyunggyu who has studied 'Yoha Civilization' for 30 years declares that Yoha civilization is strongly related with us Koreans, not Chinese."
"In Wuharyan, 5500 year old remains along with the temple of the Goddess are concentrated."

"Since the 1980s, the cultures older and more developed than Yellow River civilization have been discovered in northeastan asia, outside the chinese wall."
"However, recently, as a huge number of ancient historic sites and remains have been unearthed in northern asia, outside the wall, they are now trying to
make the rich cultures proven from the discoveries the root of the Hua civilization, which is a self-contradictory non-sense."
"China has got upset with the fact that outside the chinese wall (northeastern asia), more developed civilization than the Hua civilization (Chinese civilization) has been
found:"

After Japan's surrender to the Allies, division at the 38th parallel marked the beginning of Soviet and U.S. trusteeship over the North and South, respectively. U.S. forces landed at Incheon on September 8, 1945 and established a military government shortly thereafter. The forces landing at Incheon were of the 24th Corps of the US Tenth Army. They were commanded by Lt. General John R. Hodge, who then took charge of the government. Four days before he arrived in Korea, Hodge told his officers that Korea "was an enemy of the United States." (Cumings, Bruce (1981). The Origins of the Korean War, Liberation and the Emergence of Separate Regimes, 1945-1947. Princeton University Press. p. 126.)

On September 9th, at a surrender ceremony, Hodge announced that the Japanese colonial government would remain in tact, including its personnel and its governor-general. After a major outcry, Hodge replaced the governor-general with an American and removed all the Japanese bureau cheifs, though he, in turn, enlisted the former Japanese bureaucrats as advisors.

Faced with mounting popular discontent, in October 1945 Hodge established the Korean Advisory Council. The majority of the Council seats were given to members of the Korean Democratic Party which had been formed at the encouragement of the U.S. and which was primarily made up of large landowners, wealthy businesspeople, and formers officials in the colonial government. A few members of the PRK were offered to join, but they refused and instead criticized the Council appointees for their collaboration with the Japanese.

LOL! You are telling that is all lies? Do you think Chinese cannot fabricate the history?

In reply to your post, this is accurate overview of South Korea.

History of Korea

Gojoseon (BC 2333 - BC 108)
•The official name of country: Joseon(조선, 朝鮮)
◦In order to distinguish another Joseon in 15th centry, Gojoseon(고조선, 古朝鮮) is used instead of Joseon
•Foundation
According to the foundation story written in Samgookyusa, Gojoseon was founded by Dangun who was the son of Hwanwung and Woongnyeo (a bear woman). Hwanwung moved down from the heaven to Baekdu mountain(백두산, 白頭山, Chanbai, 长白山, Golmin Šanggiyan Alin) with 3000 followers. Some day, a bear and a tiger visited Hwanwung and they asked him a way to be humans. Hwanwung gave them garlic and mugwort and told them to live inside a deep cave eating only the garlic and mugwort 100 days, then they would turn into humans. The tiger gaved up in 99th day. The bear endured 100 days, and finally turned into a human woman. Hanwung named her Woongnyu (a bear woman), and married her. They had a son named Dangun, and Dangun founded Gojoseon kingdom.

Historians interpret the bear as a tribe with bear totemism, and the tiger as a tribe with tiger totemism. Who is the bear tribe and who is the tiger tribe is controversial.

•society
◦Ideology: Give benefits to all over the world.
◦The 8 laws (八條之敎) were applied, only three of them are recorded [1] [2] [3]
■A person, who killed others, is executed
■A person hurting others, should give grains for appology
■A person who steals stuff should become a slave, but he can pay 500,000 jeon instead if he regret sincerely
•Southern people in Korean penninsular who cultivated rice moved to Japan during late Jumon period and they transferred early rice cultivation to Japan. See Korean connection to Japanese in details.
•Gojoseon connection to Khitans

•TV Drama: Tae Wang Sa Shin Gi. Beginning part is based on the foundation story of Gojoseon.

◦foundation: Buyeo people moved down to southern Manchuria, and built a cou
JolBon (졸본) castle in Manchuria, the first capital of Goguryeo (고구려).
ntry on top of the high mountain in BC 37. The founder's name is Choomo (or Joomong). His father was a king of Buyeo kingdom. According to the legend of Samgooksagi, his mother delivered an egg and hse born out of the egg.

◦foundation: Goguryeo King Onjo, who was younger brother of Choomo, m
Poongnaptoseong, BC100s-AD200s, The ruins of the royal castle of the first Baekje capital, Seoul
oved down to south with Goguryeo people, and founded Baekje inside Mahan kingdom BC18.

◦Baekje declared herself as the successor of Buyeo, and changed the country name into Southern Buyeo (남부여, 南夫餘) in 538. Kings used surna

◦Poongnabtowseong is the ruins of a royal castle of Baekje (Wureseong, 위례성) built between BC100s-AD200s. This castle was buried 4 meters underground. Inundation of Han river for 1500 years carried mud and soil and buried this castle. It is a miracle that most of underground relics are safe even though modern people built buildings on it. Some achaeologists call it the Pompey of Korea. Suprisingly a lot of people are living inside the castle building apartments. It had not been known until 2000 that it was the ancent capital of BaekJe (백제). Preservation of it is a big social and political issue because land price in Seoul is extremely high, and the estimated cost to preserve this castle is over 10 billion dollars.

me "Buyeo (부여, 夫餘)".

◦extension to West Liao, Sandong China, Kyusyu Japan (to be written)

◦Baekje transfered Buddism, Kanji (Old Chinese characters), and Man'yogana which is the original form of Hiragana and Katagana to Japan.

North-south Kingdoms (668-936)

Last edited by chuck888 on Thu Aug 05, 2010 9:23 am, edited 2 times in total.

Korean connection to Manchurians
People in Manchuria was called in many different names, Jurchen, Dongyi, Sukshin, Yupru, Malgal, etc. The ancestors of Manchus are people who lived in current North Korea and Manchurian area. Both Koreans and Manchus explain their origin from Baekdu Mountain (Chanbai, 长白山, Golmin Šanggiyan Alin, 백두산, 白頭山), and this mountain is regarded as a sacred place to both ethnics. Jurchens were one of the tribes of Goguryeo, Balhae, and Gojoseon.

Hambo who was from Silla (新羅) moved to northern Korean penninsular, and originated Jin dynasty (Aisin Gurun, 金朝, 금나라) unifying Manchuria. When they restored Jin dynasty in 1616 (later changed to Qing dynasty) , they coined the term "Manchu" referring to themselves. Qing government published a history book ("The origin of Manchu" [1 ] ) about their origin defining Manchu tribes, and all Korean tribes were included as Manchu. In the book, they explained their origin from Silla (新羅).

According to the foundation story of Gojoseon, three tribes are related to Gojoseon people. Hwanung tribe, the bear tribe, and the tiger tribe. Some historians believe that Jurchens are one of the tribes. Manchu Tungusic people have bear totemism [8] and Northeast Korea to East Manchuria is the traditional habitant of Tigers. One of theories explains that the origin of the name Jurchen was from Sushen (肅愼, Suksin, 숙신), and the terms of Jurchen, Sushen, Joseon are from the same origin with differentiated pronunciation [4].

Jin dynasty had a national ritual every October for their ancestor Gaecheon-hongseongje (開天弘聖帝, 개천홍성제) in Baekdu Mountain (长白山, 백두산, 白頭山). Gaecheon-hongseongje means "The sacrit person opening the heaven with spirit Hong (弘, great and broad)". The founder of Gojoseon is called Dangun(檀君) who originated Koreans from the Baekdu Mountain, and Koreans have a ritual every October too. The day of the foundation is called Gaecheon-jeol (開天節) which is a national holiday of Korea. The main idealogy of Dangun was Hong-yik-Ingan (弘益人間) meaning "great and broad benefits to people". Manchu Qing dynasty recorded him as "開天宏聖帝" in the origin of Manchu (滿洲源流考). Both "宏" and "弘" are "Hong".

Goguryeo connection to Jurchens
Jurchen was part of Goguryeo as king Gwangaeto conquered Sushen (肅愼, 숙신) in 398. As Chinese Tang invaded Goguryeo, Jurchens as people of Goguryeo fought against Tang army.

Silla(新羅) connection to Jurchens

After Silla destroyed Goguryeo and expanded territory further north, some people of Silla moved to north which
1115-1234 Jin dynasty (Jurchen Altaic people): the capital was Beijing
was old Goguryeo's area. After the collapse of Silla, some people of Silla escaped to north to Jurchen's area (current north Korea). They unified Manchuria establishing Jin dynasty.

The originator of Jin dynasty was a Silla person. His name was Hambo. The emperor of Jin dynasty was called a Silla person by Song Chinese who visited Jin in 1120s. Some history books say that the Jurchen King was a Silla person, others say that the originator of Jin was first from Goryeo[7]. It is because Silla was replaced by Goryeo. However, Chinese, Mongol, Korean, and Manchu history records are consistent impling that Jurchen kings are originally from Silla.

•"The name of the originator of Jin(金) is Hambo(函普). When he came first from Goryeo(高麗), his age was 60"
◦"金之始祖諱函普，初從高麗來，年已六十餘矣" (in 1st chapter of the history of Jin(金史) [3])

Not only the originator of Jin, but also Agolta (阿骨打), the founder of Jin dynasty, was called originally a person from Silla

•"Agolta (阿骨打) of the Jurchens declared to be the Emperor, ... He was originally a person of Silla (新羅人)"
◦女真阿骨打稱帝，姓王名做旻，本新羅人，號完顏氏 (in 3 宣和遺事 (大宋宣和遺事)) [2]
•Jurchen Agolta named the state Great Jin (大金) (... He is originally a person of Silla).
◦女真阿骨打稱帝國號大金(...本新羅人) (in《佛祖歷代通載》卷19)

There are lots of history records showing that the originator of Jin dynasty was a Silla person (or from Goryeo)

•The originator of Wonan family (Jin's royal family) is a person of Silla
◦完顏之始祖指蒲者，新羅人 (in 大宋遗民)
•The name of the originator of Jin is Hambo. He came first from Goryeo (髙丽)
◦金之始祖諱函普初從高麗來 ( in 大金國誌 written by Song Chinese)
•The originator of Jin, Hambo was first from Goyreo.
◦金之始祖諱哈富(舊作函普)初從髙麗來 (in 三朝北盟會編 written by Song Chinese)

Mongol and Korean records are consistent showing that the originator and the king of Jin dynasty are Silla persons. Goryeo claimed that Jin dyansty was originally inside Goryeo and they were people of Goryeo, and Goryeo was the mother country of Jin dynasty

•"People of Jin was originally Pyungjoo people in our country Goyreo. Goryeo was a mother country of Jin."
◦"金則本我國平州之人, 稱我爲父母之國, 尹灌築九城之地, 以先春嶺爲界, 終金之世, 兵不相加。"(高麗史 written by Korean dynasty)
•"The king of Jurchens is originally a Silla person"
◦"其初酋長本新羅人" (in 金志 written by Mongols in Yuan dynasty)

Until when did the royal family of Jin dynasty know that they were from Silla? When Jurchens visited Goryeo, they said their country was originated from Goryeo.

•" My ancestors (我祖宗) originated from your High country (大邦: Goryeo)."
◦"我祖宗出自大邦" (from 高麗史13卷-世家13-睿宗1109, written by Korean in Goryeo)

When Jin dynasty invaded Song China, two Chinese emperors were captured as hostages in 1127. Southern Song Chinese visited Jin dynasty to negotiate with Jin to find a way to get their emperors back in 1129. They stayed in Jin for 10 years and wrote all information about Jurchens. They wrote that the leader of Jurchens was a person of Silla . It shows that the royal family of Jurchen was called people of Silla even after Jin dynasty was founded. This record is highly credible because it was written during Jin period.

•The king of the Jurchens is a person of Silla.
◦女真酋長乃新羅人 (in 松漠記聞 (洪皓, 宋), 1129, written by Song Chinese) [10 ]

Who is exactly HamBo(函普 ), the originator of Jin(金) dynasty from Korea?
appears in different names in references. "Kam Bok(龕福)" in 松漠記聞 can be closer to the original
Gangwondo, Korea
name because it was written during Jin period and it is the earliest record.

There are several historic records with different names about him in Korea. It is generally accepted by historians that he is a prince of the last king of Silla, GyeongSoon . When Silla was replaced to Goyreo, his prince joined movement to recover Silla. The name of the prince is Kim Bu (김부, 金富) in Hyangchal (the writing system used in Silla period) [13 ].

•Kim Bu (金富, 김부), the name of the last prince of Silla in Hyangchal

The prince and his followers staged in Inje , Gangwon province for the movement to restore Silla.
Hamgyong NamDo, Korea
They built Little Silla (신라소국) there. After Goyreo's attack, they moved to a Jurchen's area (YoungHeung, Hamgyeong-NamDo , North Korea) [11 ] [12 ] [7 ], and he became the originator of Jin(金, Kim) dynasty. It is believed that he had a big number of followers with military trained for battles with Goryeo, and it made possible for them to lead Jurchen tribes in the early settlement. Minority theory explains that Hambo was another prince of the last king of Silla, or possibly the last king himself.

•Kim Boon (金奮 김분), another prince of Silla
•Kim Bu (金傅, 김부) , the name of the last king of Silla

Hamgyong NamDo, Korea

Korean connection to Manchus of Qing dynasty
Manchu Qing dynasty(1636-1912) is the successor of Jurchen's Jin dynasty (1115-1234) .
1616-1911 Qing dyansty (Manchu Altaic people): the capital was Beijing
Jurchens rebuilt Later Jin dynasty in 1616. They changed the country name to Qing (1636), and conquered China (1644), Mongolia (1697), Taiwan (1683), Tibet(1750), and Uyguru(1759). The royal family of Qing believed that they were descendents of Jin's royal family.

Manchu people in Qing dynasty also knew that the originator of Jin dynasty was from Goryeo (or Silla). Qing government published their own history book, "The origin of Manchu (滿洲源流考) " in 1777. They explained that the originator of Jin dynasty was first from Goryeo in the the book of History of Jin, but it is because the words Silla and Goryeo were used referring to Korea. They explained that Hambo was actually from Silla(新羅). Also, they wrote that the origin of the country name Jin (金) was from the surname of kings of Silla(新羅). Kim (金) is the most popular surname in Korea and it was from the surname of Kings of Silla. In this book they explained their origin from Silla.

•According to the History of Jin, ... the name of the originator of Jin is Hambo. He came first from Goryeo (髙丽)
◦金史世纪, ... 金之始祖讳哈富(旧作函普)初从髙丽来 (in Chapter 7, The Origin of Manchu (滿洲源流考) [1] )
•Thus, the originator of Wanyan Jin (金) came from Silla.
◦完顔金始祖自新羅來居完顔部因以爲氏 (in The Origin of Manchu (滿洲源流考) [1] )
•The name of Jin(金) dynasty came from the surname of kings of Silla(新羅)
◦新罗王金姓则金之逺派 (in The Origin of Manchu [1])
•Silla came to Wannan family. Silla kings' surname 金(Kim in Korean) inherited ten generations. So, Jin(金) came from Silla. There is no doubt that it became the country name.
◦本自新羅來姓完顔氏 新羅王金姓 相傳數十世則金之自新羅來 無疑建國之名 "(in The Origin of Manchu [1])

Also, Qing emperors' surname was "愛新覺羅". Interestingly, it can be read as "love Silla (愛 新羅) and remember Silla (覺 新羅)". The surname "愛新覺羅" means gold(金) clan in Manchu pronunciation (Aisin Gioro). The surname Kim(金) of Silla kings means gold too. After the end of Qing dynasty, the descendents of royal family changed their surname to Jin (金, Kim).

The Manchu royal family Aishin Giro (愛新覺羅) clan were people who lived
North Hangyong, Korea
in Odoli Castle which is in current Hoeryong (회령), North Hamgyong in North Korea where was part of Joseon dynasty since 14th century [15 ]. They were a vassal tribe to Joseon dynasty, and they treated Joseon as a mother country. The founder of Qing dynasty, Nurhachi, was born in Joseon Korea. He called Joseon dynasty "mother country" in the letter to Joseon showing willingness to help Joseon at the invasion of Japan in 16th century. The foundation story of Qing dynasty explains the birth place of Nurhachi, who was the founder of Qing, as the east of Baekdu Mountains which is current North Korea [16 ].

•"There was a lake called Bulhūri at the foot of Bukūri Mountain, located to the east of the Baekdu Mountains. When three angels bathed in that lake, a magpie left a fruit on the youngest angel Fekulen's clothes. She ate the fruit and became pregnant. She mothered Bukūri Yongšon, the founder of Aisin Gioro. He was later welcomed by the people as the Beile. He settled at Odoli Castle on the Omohoi Plain and became the founder of the Manchu State."

Qing government announced the definition of Manchu and prohibited the term 'Jurchen' referring to them. The half of Manchu tribes were Korean tribes, and all Korean tribes were included. (Goguryeo tribe was included by Balhae)

How long did Silla identity remain?
It is not clear how long Silla identity remained in the royal family of Jin dynasty. However, there are several clues implying their identity. His brother moved with him, and in commonsense, their family and followers must have moved together. It is not clear how many people moved from Silla.

If Ham Bo ( 函普) is Kim Bu (金富) who was the last Silla prince and the leader of Silla Recovery Movement, a lot of followers must have moved with him to the Jurchens area. They must have married women among their group in the early period. Traditionally, royal family of Silla married only among their royal family members. Marriage of brother and sister was common to maintain a pure blood line. People of mixed heritage was excluded in the central pure royal family [14 ]. So, their descendants after Hambo can be 1/2 Korean, 3/4 Korean, 7/8 Korean, 15/16 Korean, ... 255/256 Korean in Aguda. This part is not clear, so we should not assume anything without clear evidence.

However, it is clear that they had identity as people from Silla at least until 12th century after they founded Jin dynasty and moved capital to Beijing. Southern Song Chinese visited them wrote them as people of Silla in 1129.

" The king of the Jurchens is a person of Silla."

•女真酋長乃新羅人 (in 松漠記聞 (洪皓, 宋), 1129, written by Song Chinese) [10 ]

After Jin included Balhae, Jin royal family marred women from Balhae. Jin dynasty's kings were from Silla descendants and queens from people of Balhae.

After they built Qing dynasty, they used the royal surname "Aishin Giro (愛新覺羅)" meaning Kim (金, Jin) family, and published the Origin of Manchu (1777) explaining their origin from Silla, correcting the records of other history books explaining from Goyreo. They included all Korean tribes in the concept of Manchu. It implies that they considered Koreans as the same ethnic group sharing the common origin from Silla during Qing dynasty.

"The vast land of the Manju, which is now Chinese territory, has a living and breathing history of Korean ancestors."
"The discovery of 5000 year old Goddess statues in Oct 1984, have shocked the Chinese archaeological society."
"The excavation reveals the sign of the birth of new civilization."
"Among East Asian Civilization, this area has the oldest and most developed civilization."
"This has been termed 'Yoha Civilization'."
"Prof. Yi Hyunggyu who has studied 'Yoha Civilization' for 30 years declares that Yoha civilization is strongly related with us Koreans, not Chinese."
"In Wuharyan, 5500 year old remains along with the temple of the Goddess are concentrated."

"Since the 1980s, the cultures older and more developed than Yellow River civilization have been discovered in northeastan asia, outside the chinese wall."
"However, recently, as a huge number of ancient historic sites and remains have been unearthed in northern asia, outside the wall, they are now trying to
make the rich cultures proven from the discoveries the root of the Hua civilization, which is a self-contradictory non-sense."
"China has got upset with the fact that outside the chinese wall (northeastern asia), more developed civilization than the Hua civilization (Chinese civilization) has been
found:"

LOL, you are so pathetic and desperate. You spend all time searching about Korea?

eh, there is a long-standing misunderstanding there that the Hua-Xiao(华夏) civilization was
born along the Yellow River.
Along with the archaeological development in the last 20 years in China, more and more
unearthed evidence indicated that the earliest civilization center lied on the middle and lower
reaches of the Yangtze River.

Now here comes a prominent neolithic cultural site Gaomiao(高庙) Relics dated between 7800-5500
ago situated in Hongjiang, Hunan Province,China.
Till the most recent dig in 2005, among the discoveries are:
1) a large-scale sacrificing site with an estimated area of 1000 square meters dated 7000 ago
consisting of three parts: ritual site, sacrifice pit, attached buildings for meeting and rest and cellars.
2) In Gaomiao's upper remains lied houses and tombs among which 2 co-buried graves of husband
and wife(supposed to be the tribe head) dated 5800 ago were especially conspicuous, only in these two graves large exquisite jadeware were discovered.
3) around 7800 years old pottery (including the earliest white pottery) with the oldest-known
decoration patterns like: magic bird phoenix, beast fangs, octagon constellation and the sun.
4) Perhaps the oldest character-liking engravings found on the fragments of pottery dated 7000
—7500 ago such as: “火”、“⊙”、“井”、“圭”、“▽” in which “⊙” was identical to “日” in oracle bone inscriptions.

Emerging of Huaxiao civilization:
Chengtoushan(城头山) site (late Neolithic Culture spanning from 7000-4000 ago):
The first emerged ancient city of around 6000 years old located in Li Yang Plain, Hunan Province.
Occupying an area of 152,000 square meters, surrounded by city wall and moat, the ancient city
was divided into habitation, pottery-making, sacrificing and tomb areas linked together through
the earliest dated brick laid roads. The oldest rice paddy of 6500 yrs was also found there.
BTW, the accomplishments of Chengtoushan Culture were ever displayed in the Shanghai WorldExpo 2010.
(Have a look at the pictures of the site:http://www.zhg1.cn/humane/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=249)

Now let's get back to the so-called 'Yoha Civilization' "the oldest and most developed civilization
among East Asia" declared by the Koreans.
Actually, the correct name of the relics should be "Niuheliang(牛河梁)Cultural Site" which
used to be thought the part of Hongshan(红山) Culture (6000-5000 ago) and includes stone tombs
and a "goddess temple".

The excavation of the site hasn't been completed, as the research goes on, some new findings
contradictory to the former conclusions have come out.
Niuheliang Site is a mixed cultural relics consisting of Hongshan Culture and Lower Xiajiaodian
(夏家店) Culture (2000BC-1500BC), the jadeware unearthed in the stone tombs are actually not
related to the Hongshan Culture, and most likely belong to the other culture more than 1000
years later.
For a bronze ware found in 1987 in one tomb, the radiocarbon dating has identified its Lower
Xiajiaodian Culture characteristics.
As to the goddess temple, aside from the clay goddess statue, nothing valuable was discovered
especially the precious jadeware.

Comparing with other late neolithic sites ranging from the central plain to the southern areas,
such as: Lingjiatan(凌家滩) Site (5600-5300 ago), Liangzhu(良渚) Site (3300 BC-2200 BC),etc,
large amounts of exquisite jadeware were found in those relics which obviously is not the
feature of Niuheliang Site.
Anyway, Niuheliang Site is a bit overrated due to inaccurate analysis method in the earlier
stage of excavation.

Another interesting thing is:
a genetic research on the human remains in the stone tombs in Niuheliang Site done by
JiNing University found that the Hongshan Culture habitants were of ancient northeast human
type most genetically close to the Han Chinese with the closest matrilineal inheritance.
When entering the bronze period, the ancient north chinese began to move into the western
Liaoning and gradually replaced the natives and became the main dwellers.
From late Bronze Period on, a group of ancient Mongolian Plateau type human came to this area,
mixed ethnithity and culture then emerged.

Chinese distorted the history of Northeast Asia? Funny!
The Koreans said that their history started around 5000 years ago by a legendary person Dangun(檀君) but providing no record and archaeological evidence.
Based on imagination, they made their impressive "history" claiming the Northeast China their own through tracing their ancestors of fantasy to many ancient ethnic minorities in northeastern part of China like:
夫餘(Fu Yu), 女真(Jurchen), and 满族(Manchus).

The history of now day Korea emerged as a united nation with a single ethnicity made up of the Samhan people from central and southern Korean Peninsula actually started from Goryeo Kingdom (918-1392).

Before that, the peninsular was divided into two parts of different belongs:
The northern part had always been under the reign of Chinese central regimes with rulers and many dwellers of Chinese origin.
The recorded ancient Korean period (Gojoseon) comprised two dynasties: Ji-zi(箕子) Korea (1122 BC-194 BC) and Wei-Man(衛滿) Korea (195BC-108BC) which were founded respectively by royal family member Ji-zi of Shang Dynasty of China and a fugitive Wei-Man from the ancient Yan State in northern China.
In 108BC, Wei-man Korea was destroyed by Han Dynasty due to the subordinate regime getting out of control, then the northern Korea was included into the Han territory and divided into four prefectures called "The Four Han Prefectures" (108BC-313AD).

After the collapse of Wei-man Korea, another northeast ethnic regime called Gao-gou-li(高句丽)(Goguryeo) (37 BC-668) was set in Gao-gou-li(高句丽) county in Liaoning China under the governance of central regime. Later it expanded into the northern Korea confronting another two native southern Korean kingdoms: Silla (57 BC–935 AD) and Baekje (18 BC–660 AD).

In 668, Goguryeo kingdom was defeated by the Tang Dynasty (618--907), and the northern peninsular again came under the total control of China, the large majority of Goguryeo people were moved into the central plains and assimilated into Han people.

The part of Goguryeo territory (ranging from eastern Liaoning to northern Korea) left in Korea was given by Chinese governments in two different times, one is in 748 the Tang Emperor ordered 5% of the total area for the unified Silla Kingdom, then the rest was given away in 1392 by the first emperor of Ming Dynasty.

The present Koreans insist that the Goguryeo belonged to their own history, the Goguryeo people were their ancestors so the northeastern China is of course their territory. They just ignore the fact that the late Goryeo Kingdom (918-1392) was established 250 years after the disappearance of Goguryeo, and the composition of Goguryeo people originated from mainland China was quite different from the Goryeo people who was formed by the native Samhan ethnicities in the southern peninsular.

As to the relations between the Korean and Jurchen, Manchus, don't want to say too much here, in short, koreans are koreans, manchus is manchus, and Jurchen is Jurchen.
Upon giving away the Goguryeo area in northern Korea by Ming emperor, the unified Koreans began to drive away the Jurchens and other Goguryeo offspring out of the peninsular by force, now they claim they were actually one family.

According to TWSSG, there is indeed West and East Baekje, which are divided by Bohai/Balhae sea. West Baekje (better known as Dae-Ryuk Baekje for Continent Baekje) would be present day Hebei, China (you know, Qingdao beer ^^). because China denies this, and Korean records that directly link to it are destroyed or missing it is very controversial and most ppl only refer to Baekje as just that, the kingdom near present day Seoul and Incheon of South Korea.
However, on closer examinations of both Chinese and Korean records, and Western scholarship, there has been many indirect links to the existence of a West Baekje, which was even greater in geography and population.
For example, Chinese scholar/librarian 宋書 recorded “Baekje is west to Yo-Ha river”.