Free radical damage

HPDI’s amazing IMMUNE-ASSIST™ mushroom formula is a combination of more than 200 different polysaccharides, derived from the enzymatic breakdown of complex organic plant material from six different species of organically grown medicinal mushrooms. These include Agaricus blazei, Cordyceps hybrid (sinensis and militaris), Lentinula edodes (shiitake), Grifola frondosa (maitake), Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), and Coriolus versicolor.

IMMUNE-ASSIST™ Daily Formula contains simple polysaccharides similar to many other products on the market, but it also contains much more complex polysaccharides like the cross-linked beta mannans and beta-glucans into the same molecule. This is why Immune-Assist™ shows such a greater range of immuno-modulation bioactivity than other bran based supplements. Included among the important substances in Immune-Assist™ are Arabinoxylane, Lentinan, Grifolan (Dr. Nanba’s original Maitake D-Fraction), PSK and PSP, and Active Hemicellulose Correlated Compound (AHCC).

Many mushroom-derived polysaccharides appear to fit the accepted criteria for immunomodulators or biological response modifiers (BRM) compounds. They cause no harm and place no additional stress on the body, they assist the body to adapt to the various environmental and psychological stresses, and they have a non-specific action on the body, supporting all the major systems, including nervous, hormonal, and immune systems, as well as regulatory functions.

MEDICINAL MUSHROOM EXTRACTS: ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL IMMUNE MODULATORS KNOWN

Recent scientific research has shown that medicinal mushrooms grown on vegetable sources (such as millet, rice bran, buckwheat, milo, etc.) enzymatically activate a process whereby complex cross-linked polysaccharides from the vegetable sources are converted to biologically active immunomodulators. As you will see from the discussion below, the polysaccharides produced by this process are effective and safe immune stimulants.

Medicinal mushroom research has focused on discovering compounds that can modulate positively or negatively the biological response of immune cells. Certain mushroom derived-glucans and polysaccharide-bound proteins have been shown to act as immunomodulators, where these polymers interact with the immune system to upregulate or downregulate specific aspects of the responses of the host and this may result in various therapeutic effects.

Whether certain compounds enhance or suppress immune responses can depend on a number of factors including dosage, route of administration, timing and frequency of administration, mechanism of action or the site of activity.

While the role of medicinal mushrooms in immunomodulation represents the central theme of much of the conducted research, it is pertinent to observe that many of the medicinal mushrooms have been highly valued for other medicinal properties including cholesterols control, blood pressure support, blood sugar support, assistance with viral and bacterial balance, and antioxidant and free radical scavenging.

The safety criteria for mushroom-derived β-glucans have been exhaustively carried out in pre-clinical experiments. Acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity tests have been carried out together with administration during pregnancy and lactation with no adverse effects. There were no anaphylactic reactions and no effects in mutagenicity and haemolysis tests, blood coagulation and a wide range of other regulatory tests. There was no evidence of genotoxicity. Similar results have been obtained with other β-glucans. When applied to humans in Phase 1 clinical tests, the β-glucans demonstrate remarkably few adverse clinical reactions.

In the 2001 report Medicinal Mushrooms: Their Therapeutic Properties and Current Medical Usage, a wide variety of mushroom polysaccharides, including Lentinan (from L. edodes), Schizophyllan (from S. commune), PSK and PSP (from Trametesversicolor), and Grifron-D (from the Maitake mushroom G. frondosa) and others are described, and their properties are shown to satisfy the criteria for biological response modifiers. Many of these mushroom-derived polymers potentiate the host’s innate (non-specific) and acquired (specific) immune responses in a similar manner, where they activate many kinds of immune cells that are vitally important for the maintenance of homeostasis.

Key innate responses that are stimulated by these mushroom derived-β-glucans or polysaccharide-protein complexes include host T-cells (such as cytotoxic macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells) and chemical messengers (cytokines such as interleukins, interferon and colony stimulating factors) that trigger complement and acute phase responses. Moreover, mushroom polysaccharides or polysaccharide-protein complexes are considered as multi-cytokine inducers that are able to induce gene expression of various immunomodulatory cytokines and cytokine receptors.

In addition, acquired responses are also enlisted, where lymphocytes that govern antibody production (B cells) and cell-mediated cytotoxicity (T-cells) are stimulated. While the immune system is shrouded in tremendous complexity, our current understanding shows that it is regulated in an orchestrated dynamic manner.

Mushroom-derived polysaccharides have shown therapeutic activities in both pre-clinical models and in clinical trials. Although the mechanism of their action is still not completely clear, Lentinan, Schizophyllan, PSP, PSK and other mushroom polysaccharides appear to mediate their activity by activation or augmentation of the host’s immune system (via stimulated cytotoxic macrophages, cytotoxic T-cells and antibody-mediated cytoxicity of targeted cells), rather than direct cytotoxicity.

Thus, both cell-mediated immune responses against the target T-cells initiated by macrophage-lymphocyte interactions and cytoxicity induced by antibodies to target T-cells are believed to contribute to the elimination of abnormal cells. Recent evidence suggests that several mushroom polysaccharides may also possess cytotoxic properties. Grifron-D from G.fondosa mushroom was reported to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in human prostate cell-lines.

In China, Japan, Korea, and more recently in the USA, hundreds of mushroom species have been studied during the past 30 years. Extracts from most of the medicinal mushrooms show a common property of enhancing immune function by modulating cell-mediated immunity. Simply put, such mushroom extracts seem to turn on cells in the immune system, which appear to have significant healing properties. In fact, three different drugs extracted from mushrooms have been approved by the Japanese equivalent of FDA (that is, the Japanese Health and Welfare Ministry). These three are lentinan, derived from shiitake; PSK, derived from coriolus versicolor; and schizophyllan, derived from suehirotake.

Based on the latest research a USA-based company (Aloha Medicinals, Inc.) has formulated for Health Products Distributors, Inc. IMMUNE-ASSIST™ Daily Formula. This formula contains more than 200 different polysaccharides, derived from the enzymatic breakdown of complex organic plant material from six different species of medicinal mushrooms. These include Agaricus blazei, Cordyceps hybrid (sinensis and militaris), Lentinula edodes (shiitake), Grifola frondosa (maitake), Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi), and Coriolus versicolor.

RESEARCH RELATED TO MUSHROOMS CONTAINED IN IMMUNE-ASSIST™

Shiitake is now the most popular and most cultivated exotic mushroom in the world. In China, shiitake has a history that dates back to the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 ACE). The mushroom was used not only as a food but was taken as a remedy for upper respiratory diseases, poor blood circulation, liver trouble, exhaustion and weakness, and to boost chi, or life energy. It was also believed to prevent premature aging.

Coriolus (or Trametes) versicolor is the most thoroughly clinically researched mushroom. An extract of Coriolus versicolor known as PSK is sold in Europe and Japan. It is an immunostimulant; demonstrates anti-viral activity; enhances T-cell proliferation; and has been shown to improve both disease-free and survival rates in patients.

Maitake may be even more potent than any of the other mushrooms previously studied. This legendary giant mushroom has been studied for its anti neoplastic, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-hyperlipemic effects since the mid-1980s. Its anti-HIV activity in vitro was demonstrated in tests conducted by the Japan Institute of Health and the US National Cancer Institute in early 1992. Among various extracts obtained from the Maitake mushroom, a specific extracted fraction named Maitake D-fraction is the active constituent. This extract contains beta-1, 3-glucans and beta-1, 6-glucans protein-bound polysaccharides. It has demonstrated remarkable cell-protective activity by activating the immune system through oral administration.

The Chinese have long used Cordyceps sinensis and militaris to promote overall good health, and modern research indicates that it does indeed support liver, kidney, heart, and immune system function. Cordycepshas been used to protect the bone marrow and digestive systems of mice from whole body irradiation. One experiment noted that Cordyceps may protect the liver. An experiment with mice indicated the mushroom may have an anti-depressant effect.

Researchers have observed that Cordyceps has a hypoglycemic effect and may be beneficial for people with insulin resistance. Cordyceps mushroom extracts have been shown to stimulate the number of T helper cells, prolong the survival of lymphocytes, enhance TNF-alpha and interleukin 1 production, and increase the activity of natural killer cells. One study indicates that cordyceps can stimulate progesterone production in animal cells.

Reishi possess immunomodulary and immunotherapeutic activities supported by studies on polysaccharides, terpene, and other bioactive compounds isolated from fruiting bodies and mycelia of this fungus. It has also been found to inhibit platelet aggregation, and to lower blood pressure (via inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme), cholesterol, and blood sugar.

In an animal model, Reishi has been reported to prevent metastasis, with potency comparable to Lentinan from shiitake mushrooms. The mechanisms by which Reishi may target different stages of abnormal growth development include: 1) inhibition of angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels created to supply nutrients to the abnormal cell) mediated by cytokines, 2) cytotoxicity, 3) inhibition of migration of the cells and 4) inducing and enhancing apoptosis. Besides effects on mammalian physiology, Reishiis reported to have anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities. Reishi is reported to exhibit direct anti-viral effects with the following viruses: HSV-1, HSV-2, and influenza.

Agaricus blazei is an edible mushroom native to Brazil and cultivated in Japan and the USA for its medicinal uses. It has been used to treat arteriosclerosis, hepatitis, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, dermatitis, and neoplasms. In vitro experiments and studies done in mice have shown that Agaricus has immunomodulatory and antimutagenic properties. The polysaccharides and anti-angiogenic compounds present in Agaricus are thought to be responsible for its therapeutic properties. Such effects are believed to be exerted by immunopotentiation or direct inhibition of angiogenesis.

AHCC is produced by from the enzymatic action of vegetable sources with mycelial extracts from several different mushrooms. There is about four times more AHCC in each dose of Immune-Assist™ than there is in other AHCC products on the market.

AHCC is a food substance that contains a broad range of polysaccharides. It is believed that a special polysaccharide with a molecular weight of about 5,000 and an alpha 1,4 glucan linkage in this mushroom extract is primarily responsible for the powerful immune enhancing effects on natural killer cells. A heavier polysaccharide in the extract appears to have a powerful stimulating effect on macrophages which, in turn, further stimulates the immune system including a number of cytokines (Interleukin-2, Interleukin-12, TNF, and Interferon). Furthermore, some research has indicated that components of AHCC may have direct cytotoxic effects on unhealthy cells.

NATURAL KILLER CELLS

The human immune system is comprised of more than 130 subsets of white blood cells. Natural Killer (NK) cells make up roughly 15% of all human white blood cells. They provide the first line of defense for dealing with any form of invasion to the body. Each NK cell contains several small granules that act as chemical destroyers. Once an NK cell has recognized an unwanted cell, for example, it attaches itself to the cell’s outer membrane and injects these granules directly into the interior of the cell. The granules then destroy the cell within five minutes. The undamaged NK cell then moves on to other cells and repeats the process. When the immune system is particularly strong, active NK cells will often take on more than one cell or other infected cells at the same time.

NK CELL ACTIVITY, NOT NUMBER, DETERMINES THE STRENGTH OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

Unlike other white blood cells, inadequate numbers of NK cells are very rarely a problem. Instead, it is the activity of the cells that generally determines whether one is sick or healthy. As long as the NK cells are active, everything remains under control. If NK cells lose their ability to either recognize or destroy the invader, however, the situation can deteriorate rapidly. In many patients with serious health conditions, NK cell activity is probably the primary criteria for estimating the chances of survival. It is commonly accepted that when NK cells cease to function, the end is near.

In addition, research has now confirmed that individuals with low NK cell activity are significantly more susceptible to autoimmune diseases, chronic fatigue syndrome, viral infections and the development of abnormal growths.

Doctors can test NK cell activity with a test called the NK cell function test. Basically, a blood sample is taken from the patient and placed in a vial containing appropriate live cells. After four hours, a count is taken to determine what percentage of the cells have been destroyed by the NK cells. The higher the percentage, the more active the cells. This test is referred to as the four hour Chromium-release assay. Your doctor can order the test from Immune Sciences Lab in Beverly Hills, CA at (310) 657-1077.

USAGE

DIRECTIONS: As a dietary supplement take two capsules per day in divided doses, or as recommended by a health care professional. In severe conditions, we suggest six (6) capsules per day for two weeks to build up immune activity, then maintaining a dosage of two (2) capsules per day. Alternatively, Immune-Assist™ can be taken at the time of exposure or first signs of illness, in which case we recommend taking two caps three times per day.

Health Products Distributors, Inc. (HPDI) has been carrying high-quality standardized Ginkgo Biloba extract (24/6) for more than 20 years. Ginkgo biloba extract is one of the best-selling herbal supplements in the United States and Europe because of its health benefits. Yet, because of severe price increases in ginkgo extract during the last few years, HPDI’s inventory was depleted. However, the price has now been greatly reduced for high-quality material—and we have inventory back in stock.

Ginkgo Biloba Tree

Ginkgo biloba has a long history of use (over thousands of years) in treating memory issues and blood disorders. Today, It is best known as a way to keep memory sharp. Laboratory studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba improves blood circulation by opening up blood vessels and making blood less sticky. Research studies also show that it is a powerful antioxidant.

Based upon these properties, Ginkgo biloba may improve blood vessel and eye health. Research has clearly shown that Ginkgo Biloba helps with dementia and poor circulation in the body. It also protects memory in older adults.

TECHNICAL DATA

Ginkgo leaves contain flavonoids and terpenoids, which are both antioxidants. In your body, harmful free radical substances build up as you age and may contribute to a range of health issues. The antioxidants found in Ginkgo biloba help to neutralize free radicals, and prevent them from damaging DNA and other cellular structures.

Leaves of Ginkgo Biloba Tree

Chemical constituents: Ginkgo biloba leaf contains a complex mixture of flavonoids including: quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin and other glycosides. It also contains unique diterpenes including ginkgolides A, B, C and J, sesquiterpene bilobalide, and other natural compounds that contribute in a synergistic manner to the beneficial actions of Ginkgo biloba.

Our GINKGO BILOBA extract contains only the highest-quality 50:1 extract of ginkgo biloba standardized to 24% minimum ginkgoflavonglycosides and 6% minimum combined ginkgolides A, B, C, and bilobalide. Each capsule contains 120 mg of the extract and their are 60 capsules in a bottle. Other ingredients include: microcrystalline cellulose, HPMC (vegetarian capsule), and silica. The ginkgolic acid content of the current production run is is 1.36ppm.

SPECIFIC BENEFITS: GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT

Reduces Conditions of Dementia: Scientific literature suggests that Ginkgo biloba extract benefits people experiencing cognitive decline, including those with dementia of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Certain studies have found Ginkgo biloba can help improve cognitive performance and memory in both older and younger adults but might be especially useful for age-related mental decline.

Helps With ADHD: Some studies using therapies that include Ginkgo biloba have found relief and improved concentration for people with ADHD symptoms. And because it can improve concentration, memory and task performance, it may also reduce symptoms in people with dyslexia. There is also some evidence that ginkgo biloba can help reduce symptoms of autism, making it a potential autism natural treatment.

Helps with Headaches and Migraines: Ginkgo biloba can be an effective way to naturally reduce frequent headaches and the rate and severity of migraines because it reduces pain, increases blood vessel dilation and combats stress that can trigger problems. Headaches may be triggered by stress, fatigue, poor posture, drugs, low blood sugar, hormones, constipation, allergies, eyestrain, and nutritional deficiencies. The amazing benefits that ginkgo has on stress and fatigue is associated with its ability to lessen headache tension.

Helps With Anxiety and Depression: For those with nervousness, depression or mood swings, Ginkgo biloba extract can be helpful. Research suggests Ginkgo biloba benefits the body’s ability to handle stressors and counteracts the effects of high levels of stress hormones, like cortisol and adrenaline.

Ginkgo biloba is considered to be an adaptogenic herb that naturally raises the body’s ability to cope with stress. It can be especially helpful for people with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and possibly seasonal depression, panic attacks and social phobias.

Reduces Symptoms of Asthma: Studies have found Ginkgo biloba extract can reduce asthma-related symptoms. Because it lowers inflammation, improves antioxidant activity and positively effects nerve functioning, people have reported less trouble breathing when taking Ginkgo biloba.

Alleviates Symptoms of PMS: Early research has shown positive effects of taking Ginkgo biloba on reducing PMS symptoms, including mood swings, headaches, anxiety, fatigue and muscle pain. It also may have beneficial effects on mood and cognition in postmenopausal women and can help improve similar symptoms.

Helps Maintain Vision and Eye Health: Ginkgo biloba appears to be beneficial for eye health since it improves blood flow to the eyes and prevents free-radical damage that can affect the cornea, macula and retina. It can be especially beneficial for older adults in preserving vision and lowering UV damage or oxidative stress to eye tissue.

Improves Libido: Ginkgo biloba has positive effects on hormonal balance — particularly serotonin levels, blood pressure and circulation. This implies that it may help those dealing with erectile dysfunction and low libido. Ginkgo biloba has the potential to dilate blood vessels and improve blood flow to the genitals, which is important for reproductive health.

Helps Heal Hemorrhoids: Some studies have found that Ginkgo biloba helps those experiencing painful hemorrhoids, that cause swelling, pain and bleeding related to an increase in pressure on the veins of the anus and rectum. Ginkgo biloba may lower pain, improve pain tolerance and reduce inflammation, which may stop bleeding associated with hemorrhoids.

GINKGO BILOBA RESEARCH SUMMARY

Provided below are abstracts from some recent meta-analysis studies that document the effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba on mental health.

Efficacy and adverse effects of ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In: J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;43(2):589-603. doi: 10.3233/JAD-14083

Research into Ginkgo biloba has been ongoing for many years, while the benefit and adverse effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 for cognitive impairment and dementia has been discussed controversially.OBJECTIVE: To discuss new evidence on the clinical and adverse effects of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 for cognitive impairment and dementia.METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and other relevant databases were searched in March 2014 for eligible randomized controlled trials of Ginkgo biloba EGb761 therapy in patients with cognitive impairment and dementia.RESULTS: Nine trials met our inclusion criteria. Trials were of 22-26 weeks duration and included 2,561 patients in total. In the meta-analysis, the weighted mean differences in change scores for cognition were in favor of EGb761 compared to placebo (-2.86, 95%CI -3.18; -2.54); the standardized mean differences in change scores for activities in daily living (ADLs) were also in favor of EGb761 compared to placebo (-0.36, 95%CI -0.44; -0.28); Peto OR showed a statistically significant difference from placebo for Clinicians’ Global Impression of Change (CGIC) scale (1.88, 95%CI 1.54; 2.29). All these benefits are mainly associated with EGb761 at a dose of 240 mg/day. For subgroup analysis in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms, 240 mg/day EGb761 improved cognitive function, ADLs, CGIC, and also neuropsychiatric symptoms with statistical superiority than for the whole group. For the Alzheimer’s disease subgroup, the main outcomes were almost the same as the whole group of patients with no statistical superiority. Finally, safety data revealed no important safety concerns with EGb761.CONCLUSIONS: EGb761 at 240 mg/day is able to stabilize or slow decline in cognition, function, behavior, and global change at 22-26 weeks in cognitive impairment and dementia, especially for patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have looked at the potential benefits of various nootropic drugs such as Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761®; Tanakan®) and piracetam (Nootropyl®) on age-related cognitive decline often leading to inconclusive results due to small sample sizes or insufficient follow-up duration. The present study assesses the association between intake of EGb761® and cognitive function of elderly adults over a 20-year period.METHODS AND FINDINGS: The data were gathered from the prospective community-based cohort study ‘Paquid’. Within the study sample of 3612 non-demented participants aged 65 and over at baseline, three groups were compared: 589 subjects reporting use of EGb761® at at least one of the ten assessment visits, 149 subjects reporting use of piracetam at one of the assessment visits and 2874 subjects not reporting use of either EGb761® or piracetam. Decline on MMSE, verbal fluency and visual memory over the 20-year follow-up was analysed with a multivariate mixed linear effects model. A significant difference in MMSE decline over the 20-year follow-up was observed in the EGb761® and piracetam treatment groups compared to the ‘neither treatment’ group. These effects were in opposite directions: the EGb761® group declined less rapidly than the ‘neither treatment’ group, whereas the piracetam group declined more rapidly (β = -0.6). Regarding verbal fluency and visual memory, no difference was observed between the EGb761® group and the ‘neither treatment’ group (respectively, β = 0.21 and β = -0.03), whereas the piracetam group declined more rapidly (respectively, β = -1.40 and β = -0.44). When comparing the EGb761® and piracetam groups directly, a different decline was observed for the three tests (respectively β = -1.07, β = -1.61 and β = -0.41).CONCLUSION: Cognitive decline in a non-demented elderly population was lower in subjects who reported using EGb761® than in those who did not. This effect may be a specific medication effect of EGb761®, since it was not observed for another nootropic medication, piracetam.

Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBEs) have been recommended to improve cognitive function and to prevent cognitive decline, but earlier evidence was inconclusive. Here, we evaluated all systematic reviews of GBEs for prevention of cognitive decline, and intervention of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Six databases from their inception to September 2015 were searched. Ten systematic reviews were identified, including reviews about Alzheimer’s disease (n = 3), about vascular dementia (n = 1), about both Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia (n = 2), about Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and mixed dementia (n = 3), and a review about MCI (n = 1). Based on the overview quality assessment questionnaire, eight studies were scored with at least 5 points, while the other two scored 4 points and 3 points, respectively. Medication with GBEs showed improvement in cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and daily activities, and the effect was dose-dependent. Efficacy was convincingly demonstrated only when high daily dose (240 mg) was applied. Compared with placebo, overall adverse events and serious adverse events were at the same level as placebo, with less adverse events in favor of GBE in the subgroup of Alzheimer’s disease patients, and fewer incidences in vertigo, tinnitus, angina pectoris, and headache. In conclusion, there is clear evidence to support the efficacy of GBEs for MCI and dementia, whereas the question on efficacy to prevent cognitive decline is still open. In addition, GBEs seem to be generally safe.

The benefit of Ginkgo biloba for the treatment of dementia remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba in patients with dementia in whom administration effects were reported using meta-analysis.METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane databases, and Ichushi for controlled trials of Ginkgo biloba for the treatment dementia. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were extracted. Meta-analysis results were expressed as standard mean differences (SMDs) in scores of the Syndrome Kurztest (SKT), Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) for cognition efficacy, or odds ratios (ORs) for dropouts and adverse drug reactions.RESULTS: Thirteen studies using the extract EGb761 met our inclusion criteria, which were duration of 12 to 52 weeks and daily dose of more than 120 mg, and included a total of 2381 patients. Meta-analysis was performed by using 9 of 13 studies, 7 of which used the SKT and 2 ADAS-Cog (dose 120 mg, 26 weeks) scores as efficacy parameters. In meta-analysis of all patients, SMDs (95% confidence interval [CI]) in the change in SKT scores (7 studies) were in favor of Ginkgo biloba over placebo (SMD = -0.90 [-1.46, -0.34]), but 2 studies that used ADAS-Cog did not show a statistically significant difference from placebo for ADAS-Cog (-0.06 [-0.41, 0.30]). For Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) subgroups, SMDs [95% CI] in SKT in the combined AD and VaD subgroup (-1.07 [-1.66, -0.47]) and AD subgroup (-1.36 [-2.27, -0.46]) were in favor of Ginkgo biloba over placebo. In terms of daily dose of Ginkgo biloba in the combined AD and VaD subgroup, SMD in SKT score in 240-mg daily dose groups was significantly greater than with placebo (-0.71 [-1.28, -0.14]). Dropout rates for any reason did not differ between two groups, but dropout rates due to side effects were significantly lower in Ginkgo biloba groups compared with placebo groups (OR = 1.72 [1.06, 2.80]).CONCLUSIONS: Taking a 240-mg daily dose of Ginkgo biloba extract is effective and safe in the treatment of dementia.

I have written extensively regarding the benefits HPDI’s PRO-C™ and Ultimate Protector™ antioxidant formulas. Based upon my experience with these formulas they are among the most effective antioxidant formulas available.

Both antioxidant formulas are included in HPDI’s system of foundational supplements and work most effectively when used with multivitamins, essential fats, and superfoods.

Yet, both formulas also are excellent standalone products that can rapidly provide the body with extremely high protection against free radicals.

We are often asked “which of these two antioxidant formulas should I take?” My answer usually is to take both formulas. I personally take both of them on a daily basis.

Below I will briefly show the reason my answer is to take both formulas. I include information showing the relationship, in terms of ingredients of the two formulas (per serving of three (3) capsules daily of PRO-C and six (6) capsules daily of Ultimate Protector).

DISCUSSION OF ANTIOXIDANT FORMULAS

PRO-C™

When PRO-C™ was first released in 1997 there were few publications available regarding Nrf2 ingredients and their benefits. The product design was based on the work of Dr. Lester Packer and his work done on the “Antioxidant Network” showing how nutrients such as Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Glutathione, and Lipoic acid work in a redox network to regenerate key nutrients in the body (see Figure 1. below)

Figure 1. – Dr. Packer’s Antioxidant Network

At that time the powerful antioxidant formulas of Grape Seed Extract and Green Tea Extract were well known, but their powerful Nrf2 effects were not discovered until later. These ingredients are able to trap free radicals and conserve the body’s store of network antioxidants.

Also, the Nrf2 effects of NAC and Lipoic acid were not known at the time, but their powerful effects on the body were known to support the production of glutathione. Additionally, the super powerful glutathione (reduced) was included with supporting coenzymes B2 (from riboflavin 5′-phosphate) and B6 (from pyridoxal 5′-phosphate) that allow the enzymes glutathione reductase and transferase to function at a higher level.

ULTIMATE PROTECTOR™

From the beginning of the design process, Ultimate Protector™ (UP) was focused on creating a highly effective Nrf2 activator formula with outstanding antioxidant effects. Our understanding was that a very broad spectrum of plant polyphenols including flavonoids, anthocyandins, oligoproanthocyanidins (OPCs), etc. would deliver the best results.

We selected Futureceuticals Anthocomplete™, CoffeeBerry® Forte, Vitaberry® Plus, and VitaVeggie® in order to accomplish this and added Curcumin 95%, and Trans-Resveratrol 98% because of the powerful scientific findings regarding Nrf2 activation for these two ingredients. We found out later in testing that this combination of ingredients produces very high ORAC5.0 values (486,000 units/serving of six capsules) and works effectively against all of the primary types of free radicals in the body.

WHY TAKE BOTH PRO-C™ AND ULTIMATE PROTECTOR™ ANTIOXIDANT FORMULAS?

There are 29 unique Nrf2 activator ingredients in Ultimate Protector (UP) and four (4) non-overlapping Nrf2 activator ingredients in PRO-C. Thus by taking both formulas you are able to receive 33 identifiable Nrf2 activator ingredients (870 mg). The amount of unique Nrf2 ingredients is probably significantly more than this because most of the identifiable ingredients contain a range of plant polyphenols.

Other unique ingredients of each formula include glutathione – reduced (60 mg), malic acid (500 mcg), zinc (6 mg), selenium (30 mcg), B2 (3 mg) and B6 (3 mg) from coenzyme forms, and Bioperine (7.5 mg) (for enhanced absorption of nutrients). These are important ingredients to have the formulas work more effectively together.

The overlapping ingredients in the formula include Vitamin C (3 gm – 1.5 gm from each formula), calcium (130 mg – 70 mg from PRO-C & 60 mg from UP), magnesium (130 mg – 70 mg from PRO-C & 60 mg from UP), and a little grape seed extract (~10 mg). We view this to be very positive especially because we believe that most people should take in at least 3 grams daily of Vitamin C. Equal amounts of calcium and magnesium balance each other in the body and have many important functions such as being part of critical enzymes.

SOURCES & RESOURCES

The Antioxidant Miracle. Lester Packer, PhD, and Carol Coleman. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1999.

These reasons remain true today. But the three categories have become greater factors than previously. They seem to have gotten dramatically worse over time.

Due to these factors, and in light of new understandings based on scientific and clinical research, I have decided to amend the HPDI Foundational Supplements Program.

Consequently, in this article, I am introducing two new categories to the HPDI Foundational Program. These are: 1) Gut Health/Microbiome products and 2) Hydrogen products. The complete amended program is illustrated by the diagram below.

1.1. Diagram of the newly amended HPDI Foundational Supplements Program

HISTORY OF HPDI FOUNDATIONAL SUPPLEMENTS PROGRAM

The original HPDI foundational program was initially called the “Core Program” and consisted of a therapeutic multivitamin, a vitamin C/antioxidant formula, and an essential fatty acid product. The essence of the foundation was based upon over 70 years of research during which the basic elements of nutrition were elucidated.

ADDING RNA TO THE CORE PROGRAM

When we became aware of the work of Dr. Benjamin S. Frank regarding ribonucleic acids (RNA) and the powerful affects RNA had on the body independently of the other nutritional components of the “Core Program”, it was clear that a new element was necessary and we developed and added High-RNA superfoods to our program.

Amending the HPDI Foundational Supplements Program is a necessity based upon important new research and clinical studies. Even today many people do not understand the importance of RNA and its role in implementing the basic DNA structures of the body.

One reason that RNA has become so much more important than it was 40–50 years ago is that diets have basically become devoid of RNA. Muscle meats and processed foods have little RNA and the population is no longer eating sufficient high-RNA foods such as organ meats, fresh fish, and certain vegetables.

What are foundational supplements? This booklet offers suggestions for improving intake of essential nutrients.

ADDING GUT HEALTH / MICROBIOME TO THE FOUNDATIONAL PROGRAM

More recently, the scientific community has discovered the importance of the human microbiome to our health. It is known there are about 10 times more bacterial cells living on and in the human body than the number of cells in our body. The amount of DNA carried by these bacterial cells is about 100 times the amount in our cells!! Many of these bacterial cells reside in the human gut. It is proven that these gut bacteria play a major role in keeping us healthy.

The issue of of how to create a healthy human microbiome is very complex. The problems start with how we grow our food. Beneficial, natural soil bacteria play an important role in helping to create healthy gut bacteria.

Yet, farming methods over the last 50-60 years have been oriented to the use of herbicides, pesticides, and synthetic fertilizers. These methods have basically destroyed much of the healthy bacteria in our soils. This means these bacteria cannot be passed on to the human gut.

In addition, the overuse of antibiotics in both animals and humans has further destroyed more of the healthy bacteria available to us.

According to Dr. Zachary Bush, healthy gut bacteria protect us from conditions of leaky gut. Without the healthy gut bacteria humans develop conditions of leaky gut, which leads to toxicity in the body from a variety of sources including pesticides (especially Roundup/glyphosate), antibiotics, medications, gluten, anti-inflammatories (such as ibuprofen), etc.

Recent findings regarding the human microbiome clearly indicate the absolute necessity of finding ways to build a strong human microbiome. There are multiple ways a person can do this including healthy diets, avoidance of toxic chemicals and drugs, and with the use of certain supplements.

Dr. Bush has discovered a supplement using redox molecules found in lignite. These molecules were deposited in the lignite material millions of years ago by a broad range of healthy soil bacteria.

By extracting and activating these molecules and putting them into a liquid product called RESTORE™ he found that when people consumed this liquid they could regenerate a broad range of good bacteria in the gut (20,000–30,000 species). He also found they could simultaneously repair conditions of leaky gut. RESTORE™ also significantly helps with dehydration issues, which is another key factor in achieving good health.

Based on the importance of having a broad range of healthy gut bacteria and a robust microbiome—and RESTORE’s ability to cause this to happen—we have chosen to add RESTORE™ to our amended HPDI Foundational program. HPDI is now carrying this product in 8 oz and 32 oz sizes. This product should be taken daily at an appropriate dose for you (up to 3 tablespoons daily).

ADDING HYDROGEN TO THE HPDI FOUNDATIONAL PROGRAM

Hydrogen is among the most fundamental elements in the universe and makes up a large percentage of all molecules. It is known that hydrogen and oxygen are key ingredients in the mitochondria used to make ATP, the principal energy molecule of the human body.

What was not known about hydrogen until recently was its powerful ability to safely trap free radicals and to stimulate the production of ATP.

Many studies have been conducted over the past 20 years showing the power of hydrogen in either the molecular hydrogen form or the hydride form.

More recently, a number of hydrogen products have become available. These include molecular hydrogen tablets, silica hydride capsules, molecular hydrogen drinks, water ionizers producing molecular hydrogen, molecular hydrogen water purifiers, etc.

Based upon the research and product availability, we are amending the HPDI Foundation Supplement program to include silica hydride capsules (Megahydrate™) and molecular hydrogen tablets (Active H2) under the category of hydrogen.

Megahydrate™also plays a major role in hydrating the cells of the body. It is now feasible for people to take hydrogen products on a daily basis at reasonable cost. The benefits can be immense!

SUMMARY

Based on current research—and the availability of breakthrough products—we have amended the HPDI Foundation Supplement Program. The recommended program now includes:

We believe that to achieve optimal health these six types of supplements ideally need to be taken on a daily basis.

Over the next several months, we will update our websites to document more fully the amendments we have introduced to the HPDI Foundational Supplements Program.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

An interview (see link below) by Dr. Pompa of Dr. Stephanie Seneff provides extremely important information regarding how GMOs are destroying the health of so many people, especially our children (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PidYStbzHY).

I recently became aware of the health benefits of molecular hydrogen/hydrogen. We subsequently have written numerous blog articles on the subject (see resources section below), and elected to carry and endorse several products, including Active H2 and Megahydrate™. As a scientist, I am particularly impressed with the science behind Megahydrate, as well as the in-depth research studies carried out showing how it was developed and its health benefits.

For economic reasons, it is rare for a particular nutritional supplement to have in-depth scientific studies and clinical trials supporting its use. In this article, I will present some of the most relevant scientific information regarding Megahydrate.

In a previous article “Water, Hydration, and Crystal Energy®” I discuss in-depth the science behind Dr. Patrick Flanagan’s use of nanometer-sized silica colloids to enable greater hydration of the body, enhanced absorption of nutritional ingredients into cells, and improved cellular detoxification.

In this article I will discuss the science and benefits of embedding hydrogen anions (hydride or H-) into these same nanometer-sized silica colloids that not only have all of the hydration benefits of Crystal Energy® but also exhibit potent antioxidant characteristics. The resulting substance is named by Dr. Flanagan “silica hydride” and his product that incorporates it is known as Megahydrate™ (originally Microhydrin™). The science behind the development of Megahydrate is provided below.

Abstract
Synthesis of an anionic hydride from monomeric silsesquioxanes is described. The novel compound, dubbed “silica hydride” is the result of several newly synthesized compounds from an interstitially embedded hydride family. It is a hydride-based compound with H− ions interstitially embedded in a matrix of caged silica. This compound exhibits profoundly different characteristics than other known compounds in the hydride family. Unlike saline hydrides, the silica hydride demonstrates no overt or violent reaction with water or air. However, it is capable of generating aqueous reductive potential readings (ORP) of −750 mV for extended time periods. In vitro biological testing demonstrated no cytotoxicity induced by the compound while demonstrating efficacy as an antioxidant. In vivo studies of the compound have shown that it has a significant ability to reduce lactic acid build up in muscles by one-half after exercise. The synthesis of the silica hydride resulted in an approximately 16.8% w/w hydride content, as determined by density changes, proton NMR spectroscopy and ion beam analyses. Scanning and tunneling electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), forward recoil (FReS) ion beam analyses, in addition to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, reduction potential and 29Si CP-MAS solid state NMR were additionally used to characterize the compound.

Below relevant details from the article are provided to give insight into the science of the Megahydrate invention.

Introduction: The idea behind synthesis of the novel compound described in this article is based on the use of a monomer nanocomposite as a carrier in a bioencapsulated compound. The synthesis uses a silica and hydroxyl group terminated silsesquioxane monomer, trademarked Silica Microclusters®, that is interstitially imbedded with hydride anions as conceptually depicted in Fig. 1. The results from the characterization of this compound provide evidence to this claim, including DRIFTS FTIR and NMR data.

Figure 1. Conceptual diagram of Flanagan Microcluster structure. The tetrahedral coordination forms a three-dimensional framework by a series of Si–O–Si bonds, creating a silica cage.

With the immense potential for bioencapsulates and nanocomposite technologies, it would be very beneficial to create a hydride out of a compound that would involve the combinational reducing effects of a saline hydride compound and the beneficial attributes of the host compound, all without the reactivity of the saline hydrides. Synthesizing a biologically friendly hydride would have immense potential as an antioxidant and radical scavenger as discussed later in this paper.

It was discovered in the present work that if a hydride ionic plasma was placed under pressure, virtually any compound it came in contact with could then absorb its emitted ions. Since the 1920s, creating a hydride gas has been standard practice. One effective way is to add a current to a tungsten (W) lament in a hydrogen gas atmosphere. The lament separates hydrogen gas into a monovalent hydrogen gas while the photoelectric effect on the W lament donates electrons to the H gases forming a H− plasma. Langmuir, in 1927, while using the W lament hydride ion synthesis technique, discovered that moist air prevents hydride ions from recombining back into hydrogen gas.

Figure 2. The Concept of Silica Hydride. Conceptually the hydride embedded organosiliceous silsesquioxane, or silica hydride, is a monomeric silica-based cage with interstitially placed hydride anions. As a bioencapsulated compound, the silica acts as a colloidal carrier for the hydrogen anions in solution.

Details of Invention: The idea for this synthesis experiment was to then create a hydride plasma under a water vapor atmosphere and expose the plasma to an organosilicate compound, circumventing the problem of the hydrogen not having the catalysis or the electron availability to combine with the host substrate. Interestingly, Langmuir noted that the monoatomic ions produced by this process would become embedded in the glass walls of the tubing of his apparatus and that same tubing could later be induced to release the ions. The glass tubing used by Langmuir was a borosilicate glass, an amorphous siliceous compound. In the present study, an apparatus similar to what Langmuir used was constructed to create a plasma of H− ions. The H− atmosphere was applied to the pure Microcluster Silica powder under pressure and in the presence of a water vapor, creating a novel silsesquioxane bioencapsulated-hydride compound, dubbed: silica hydride.

Materials and methods: A 1.0 L sealed glass vessel was fabricated containing the items as depicted in Fig. 3. Two 5 cm × 0:6 cm diameter W rods were positioned transversely 2 mm apart in the top of the reaction vessel with two insulated leads connecting the W rods to a 20 A constant-current transformer (Lambda-EMI 102A-1KV, Neptune, NJ). Ten grams of MicroclusterJ silica was placed on the stage inside the vessel with 100 ml of distilled and deionized water added to the basin. A steady stream of hydrogen gas was bubbled through an aquarium stone in water and introduced to the reaction vessel, purging all of the air from the vessel and increasing pressure to 172 kPa at which time the vessel was sealed. A 500 V potential was applied to the W rods. At voltages ranging from 350 to 750 V, a constant arc could be maintained between the electrodes without melting. The potential was applied for 30 seconds at which time the current was shut off and additional hydrogen was pumped into the vessel creating a captive plasma. The sample was allowed to sit in the plasma for 30 minutes at which time the silica sample was removed and weighed with an analytical balance.

Figure 3. Synthesis Apparatus. The representation of the apparatus used to synthesize the compound. A hydrogen gas generator (A) provides H2 gas that is sparged through a fllter stone in deionized, distilled water (B), where the hydrogen gas and water vapor are transported into a reaction vessel (C) with the substrate. Two tungsten electrodes (D) create a captive plasma H− gas via a constant current high-voltage power supply (E). Vessel evacuation, purge and sealing were performed using a mechanical valve (F). The resultant actions interstitially embed the hydride anions created by the plasma into the substrate.

Results: Determination of the mass of the anionic hydride organosiloxane sample showed an increase from 10.0 to 11.70 g upon exposure to the hydride plasma under pressure. The sample was allowed to sit at room temperature with desiccant in a glass vial for 3 weeks at open atmosphere at which time the proceeding analyses were performed.

An ion beam analysis was performed with the silica powder being pressed into a pellet (1.66 g/cm3) compared to a control standard. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) was analyzed with 2 MeV He beam, while 3 MeV He beam was used in a forward-recoil spectrometry (FReS) measurement. RBS suggests that the powder contains elements O and Si. Including H- content by FReS, the powder relative percentage makeup becomes H (78.1%), O (15.6%) and Si (6.2%). Trace amounts of boron (B) and W (<25 ppm) were also observed. Original values from samples of non-reacted Microcluster silica comparatively illustrate an elemental makeup of H (22.4%), O (55.6%) and Si (21.9%). A 1H-NMR characterization was performed and showed a 16.8% hydride content.

The ORP and pH were recorded for 250 ml distilled and deionized water in a Pyrex beaker. 10.0 g/ml of the siliceous hydride was added to the beaker and allowed to stir for 15 min at which time addition ORP and pH readings were taken. The initial ORP and pH of the water averaged 341.33±2.5 mV and pH 7.12±0.06, respectively. The readings after 15 min were −436.21 ± 2.1 mV for the ORP and 9.13 ± 0.09 for the pH measurements.

The hydrogen pressure unbiased reducing potential, rH, was calculated. The use of rH gives a hydrogen proton-unbiased look at the absolute reducing potential of a compound, eliminating the effects of pH in the ORP measurement. The measured rH for the compound was 11.02 ± 0.04 indicating a highly reduced environment.

Discussion: The synthesis process appears to cluster the organosilicate subunits into hydrogen-bonded aggregates that further group into approximately 2 micron clusters as shown in Fig. 4A. Dissolution in water decreases the cluster size from 2 microns to the smaller subunits of about 500 nm, then into individual cages of about 50 A (Fig. 4B).

This new organosilicate silsesquioxane compound, commonly named silica hydride, has been the subject of numerous tests involving reduction potential (ORP) and pH as well as being analyzed as an effective antioxidant. Adding a few mg to water will drop an ORP reading by −750 mV. A recent publication of a clinical study has illustrated the capability of this compound to significantly reduce lactic acid after exercise by 50%. Viability and cytotoxicity probes show that the silica hydride does not cause any decrease in intracellular esterase activity or otherwise induce a toxic cytoplasmic environment. There are a plethora of uses of a hydride-based compound such as silica hydride since it does not impose a direct negative effect to cellular viability and cytoplasmic health. Particular uses include nutritional supplementation as an antioxidant. The incredible reduction potential of silica hydride adds to the possible uses of this type of compound.

The compound does not react violently or visibly with H2O. However, it will reduce the ORP reading to −750 mV for a period of at least several weeks. Most antioxidant compounds are relatively large chemical species. Examples of this are vitamins A, K, C, ubiquinone and n-acetyl-l-cysteine. It is hypothesized that steric hindrances may affect the efficacy of antioxidants. The small size and reducing capacity of silica hydride, the silsesquioxane hydride compound, may lead to future development as an antioxidant.

Conclusion: The novel siliceous compound acts as a colloidal carrier for the very small hydride anions that are released in an aqueous solution. This nanosized colloidal bioencapsulated compound could be an incredibly effective radical scavenger and aid in the reduction of oxidative stress due to its minimal size and high reduction potential.

This novel compound presented in this paper has demonstrated promising in vitro and in vivo biochemical significance with uses including reducing agents, antioxidants and nutritional supplementation. The synthesis is simple and effcient with consistent results of about 17% w/w hydride content with respect to the starting compound. Biologically friendly compounds that incorporate health-beneficial minerals, such as silica, with the scavenging and reducing capabilities of a hydride provide for numerous possibilities of uses.

THE PATENT AND SCIENCE BEHIND MEGAHYDRATE

After inventing Megahydrate (formerly Microhydrin), Dr. Flanagan (and his associates) conducted studies on its efficacy for a range of benefits for human health. The material was then patented in 2003. Key elements of the patent are provided below and a link to the entire content is provided if you wish to read further details.

The exact health benefits of silica hydride minerals, traditionally found in glacial streams, have long been the subject of speculation. Geochemical analysis indicates that such colloidal silica hydrides in water possess a silica-water interface that provides a hydrated surface and adsorbs other elements or compounds such as potassium, iron, magnesium, lithium, calcium, and hydrogen. Dietary supplements with similar properties have been formulated. When the silica-water interface of such compounds is saturated with reduced hydrogen, the compounds take on an overall negative charge and act as a reducing agent or antioxidant when in solution. When consumed, hydride ions introduced into the body by the silica hydride supplement donate electrons to body fluids. With proper dosages, the benefits of consuming silica hydride include reduction of lactic acid build-up, increasing cellular hydration, reduction of free radical damage, enhancement of mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity, increasing antioxidant activity, and enhancing the properties of drinking water.

DESCRIPTION

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTIONThis invention relates to methods of using silica hydride minerals. More particularly, this invention relates to methods of using silica hydride minerals that have beneficial effects on lactic acid buildup during exercise, cellular hydration, free radical damage, mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity, antioxidant activity, and the suitability of water for conversion into optimal cellular body fluids.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Amorphous silicate minerals, many of which are in the nanoparticle size range, were once common in natural water sources and abundant in glacial stream waters. Not only do the silica mineral particles bond water and other elements for transport; they also can be adsorbed with reduced hydrogen, which releases electrons, providing antioxidant or reducing potential to surrounding fluids.

In one region of West Pakistan the people are known to enjoy excellent health and amazing longevity. A team of cardiologists found the heart health of the people to be exceptionally good and evidence of the people’s delayed aging. The cardiologists attributed the good health and longevity in significant part to the abundance of colloidal silicate minerals in the glacial streams the people used for irrigation of food crops and drinking water.

Geochemical analysis indicates that colloidal silicate minerals display a variety of properties, including the formation of structured water around the silica-water interface, which provides a hydrated surface that adsorbs elements or compounds such as potassium, iron, magnesium, lithium, calcium, and hydrogen. FIG. 5 illustrates an example of the silica-water interface and the concentric structured water arrangement about the interface with the adsorption of elements within the layers.

Figure 5. An enlarged view of a hypothetical silica hydride particle showing the silica-water interface and other adsorbed elements.

From silicate analogs, it is possible to formulate dietary supplements that are similar to the colloidal silicate minerals found in glacial waters and retain the geo-physical properties inherent to these minerals. An example of such synthesized silicate analogs is a silica hydride formula sold under the trademark Microhydrin®. Substances possessing the characteristics and functions described in this application, such as Microhydrin®, have assumed many names.

For example, in addition to being called silica hydrides, such substances are known as amorphous silicate minerals, silicate particles, silicates, colloidal silicate minerals, silicate analogs, synthesized silicate analogs, functional silicate nanocolloids, dielectric interstitial hydrides, dietary silicate supplements, or dietary silicate antioxidants. Considering the many labels afforded this class of substances, the characteristics and functions of supplements must necessarily determine whether a particular supplement falls within the class.

Referring again to FIG. 5, the particle’s silica-water interface can be saturated with reduced hydrogen, or hydride (H-) ions, and takes on an overall negative charge. In such cases, the particle then acts as a reducing agent or antioxidant when in solution (standard reduction-oxidation potential, −550 mV). It is capable of providing literally trillions of hydride ions able to donate electrons into body fluids.

Electrons, which Albert Szent-Gyorgyi called the “fuel of life,” are abundantly available in inorganically grown raw vegetables, fruits, and grains, but are deficient in our modem diet of over-cooked, acidic, or highly oxidized foods, beverages, and drinking water. In silica hydride minerals, the structured water around the silica-water interface stabilizes electron transfer. Such specific silicate interactions could play a substantial role in many biological processes by enhancing salvation properties and ion and water transport and by providing free radical antioxidant protection.

Such electron deficiencies resulting from inadequate diet have a derogatory impact on specific biological processes such as lactic acid build-up, cellular hydration, damage from free radicals, mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity, antioxidant activity, and suitability of drinking water for conversion into optional cellular body fluids. Therefore, a need exists for a method of counter balancing these electron deficiencies and, as a result, enhancing each of these biological phenomena.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention identifies certain beneficial health effects of silica hydride minerals and the effective doses necessary to achieve desired results. With proper dosages, the benefits of using silica hydride minerals as a dietary supplement include: reduction of lactic acid buildup during and after exercise, increasing cellular hydration, reduction of free radical damage, enhancement of mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity, increasing antioxidant activity, and enhancing the suitability of water for conversion into optimal cellular body fluids.