Protein synthesis

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Slide 2

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DNA· A DNA molecule contains 2 strands coiled together in a double helix. Each strand is made up of lots of small groups called nucleotides. Each nucleotides contains a small molecule known as a base. There are 4 different bases adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine. They always pair up in the same way: a-t and c-g.…read more

Slide 3

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A gene is a small section of DNA and contains the instructions or codes for one particular protein.· Cells make proteins by joining a chain of amino acids together in a particular order.· It's the order of bases within a gene that instructs the cell to put the amino acids together in a particular order.· The bases are read in triplets. Each triplet codes for one amino acid. DNA also determines which genes are or aren't active and so decides which proteins the cell produces.…read more

Slide 4

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Proteins are made in the cytoplasm by ribosomes.· The DNA contains the instructions for making proteins but it is too big to leave the nucleus so messenger RNA is made which is like DNA but much smaller and only a single strand. It is made by the DNA unzipping and a molecule of RNA is made using a strand as a template.· It moves out into the cytoplasm and joins to the ribosome.…read more

Slide 5

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The cells of your body divide toproduce more cells for growth andreplacement of damaged cells. To dothis there are 2 stages. The first stageinvolves the number of organellesincreasing and then the chromosomesare replicated so that the cell has 2copies of DNA within it. This happensby the molecule of DNA split orunzipping in the middle. The bases onfree-floating nucleotides attach to bothof the strands by base-pairing andcross-links form between the basesand the old DNA strands so there arenow 2 molecules of DNA.…read more

Slide 6

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The 2nd stage is the division. The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and the copies and the original chromosome are pulled apart to opposite ends of the cell by cell fibres. They form the nucleus of the new cell and the cytoplasm divides.…read more