AP Explains: What's behind persecution of Myanmar's Rohingya

FILE - In this June 24 2014, file photo, Rohingya children gather at the Dar Paing camp for Muslim refugees, north of Sittwe, western Rakhine state, Myanmar. Abdul Razak Ali Artan, the Somali-born student who carried out a car-and-knife attack at Ohio State University on Monday, reported railed on his Facebook account against U.S. interference in countries with Muslim communities. But he specifically protested the killing of Muslims in Myanmar _ also known as Burma _ where the Rohingya ethnic minority faces discrimination and occasional violence from the Buddhist majority and the army and bureaucracy. The Rohingya draw occasional international attention when the violence against them becomes too large to ignore, or when they seek foreign shores as boatpeople in great numbers, but their plight is generally ignored. (AP Photo/ Gemunu Amarasinghe, File)
(The Associated Press)

FILE - In this May 8, 2014, file photo, Salema Khatu, left wraps her arms around her son Habil, who was suffering from tuberculosis in an area for Rohingya refugees in north of Sittwe, western Rakhine state, Myanmar. Abdul Razak Ali Artan, the Somali-born student who carried out a car-and-knife attack at Ohio State University on Monday, reportedly railed on his Facebook account against U.S. interference in countries with Muslim communities. But he specifically protested the killing of Muslims in Myanmar _ also known as Burma _ where the Rohingya ethnic minority faces discrimination and occasional violence from the Buddhist majority and the army and bureaucracy. The Rohingya draw occasional international attention when the violence against them becomes too large to ignore, or when they seek foreign shores as boat people in great numbers, but their plight is generally ignored. (AP Photo/Robin McDowell, File)
(The Associated Press)

FILE - In this May 20, 2015, file photo, migrants including Myanmar's Rohingya Muslims sit on their boat as they wait to be rescued by Aceh fishermen on the sea off East Aceh, Indonesia. Abdul Razak Ali Artan, the Somali-born student who carried out a car-and-knife attack at Ohio State University on Monday, reportedly railed on his Facebook account against U.S. interference in countries with Muslim communities. But he specifically protested the killing of Muslims in Myanmar _ also known as Burma _ where the Rohingya ethnic minority faces discrimination and occasional violence from the Buddhist majority and the army and bureaucracy. The Rohingya draw occasional international attention when the violence against them becomes too large to ignore, or when they seek foreign shores as boat people in great numbers, but their plight is generally ignored. (AP Photo/S. Yulinnas, File)
(The Associated Press)

BANGKOK – Abdul Razak Ali Artan, the Somali-born student accused of carrying out a car-and-knife attack at Ohio State University this week, reportedly protested on his Facebook page about the killing of minority Muslims in Myanmar. Muslim Rohingya face discrimination and violence from the Buddhist majority in the country, also called Burma. Their plight generally goes unnoticed by the world at large, even though some rights activists say their persecution amounts to ethnic cleansing. Here are several things to know about the group:

___

"THE MOST FRIENDLESS PEOPLE IN THE WORLD"

Although Rohingya — a Muslim ethnic minority of about 1 million among Myanmar's predominantly Buddhist 52 million people — have lived in Myanmar for generations, most people view them as foreign intruders from neighboring Bangladesh. Bangladesh, which hosts many Rohingya refugees, also refuses to recognize them as citizens. "The Rohingya are probably the most friendless people in the world. They just have no one advocating for them at all," Kitty McKinsey, a spokeswoman for the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees, said in 2009.

___

BORDER ATTACKS LED TO LATEST OUTBREAK OF VIOLENCE

Almost all Rohingya live in western Myanmar's Rakhine state, where the military has stepped up operations since November, when nine police officers were killed in attacks on posts along the border with Bangladesh. The identity of the perpetrators remains unclear. Rohingya villagers armed with homemade weapons resisted troops and an unknown number of villagers died, along with a handful of soldiers and officials. Rohingya solidarity groups say several hundred civilians have been killed since October. The New York-based group Human Rights Watch says satellite imagery shows 1,250 houses and other structures have been burned down. In 2012, violence between Rohingya and the Buddhist community killed hundreds and forced about 140,000 people — predominantly Rohingya — to flee their homes to camps for the internally displaced. About 100,000 remain in the squalid camps and dependent on charity.

___

DISAPPOINTMENT WITH SUU KYI

There has been great disappointment that Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi, whose political party took power in Myanmar this year after decades of military rule, has failed to ease the plight of Rohingya despite her reputation as a fighter for human rights. Speaking out for Rohingya rights is an unpopular political position. However, Suu Kyi's government in August appointed former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan to head an advisory panel aimed at finding lasting solutions to the conflict in Rakhine state. He is scheduled to visit Rakhine on Friday. The U.N. special adviser on the prevention of genocide, Adama Dieng, on Tuesday expressed concern about reports of excessive use of force and other serious human rights violations against civilians, particularly Rohingya, including allegations of extrajudicial executions, torture, rape and the destruction of religious property.