..8% of litters and 3.4% of piglets given spores orally. These data support a contention that precolonization by a nontoxigenic strain can ameliorate the pre-weaning growth retardation associated with C. difficile infection in piglets...

..However, it may be important to consider the use of an additional method for the detection of beta2 toxin in non-porcine cpb2-positive isolates when making claims about the role of beta2 in enteritis in non-porcine species...

A possible role for Clostridium difficile in the etiology of calf enteritis

..St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.] and add strength to a working hypothesis that C. difficile infection and the accompanying intoxication can manifest as diarrhea in calves. It seems clear that calves serve as multiplying hosts for this organism...

Tylosin resistance in Arcanobacterium pyogenes is encoded by an erm X determinant

..Porcine isolates comprised four PCR ribotypes, but one, ribotype 078, predominated (83%). This was also the most common ribotype (94%) among 33 calf isolates but was rarely identified in other species...

A second tylosin resistance determinant, Erm B, in Arcanobacterium pyogenes

..The finding that CpCna binds collagen and that the cna gene is associated with the consensus cpb2 allele implicates CpCna as a potential virulence factor in porcine enteritis caused by C. perfringens...

..6% of porcine isolates not present in clonal complex 3 (n=28). The data obtained indicates that MLST may be used to identify host species relationships with respect to these C. perfringens isolates...

..Regardless, the presence of the plo gene as part of a genomic islet inserted between genes essential for normal growth may provide selective pressure for the retention of this important virulence factor...

..Furthermore, in a mouse model of infection, A. pyogenes carrying the F(497) mutation was as attenuated as a PLO-deficient strain, indicating that the cytolytic activity of PLO is important in virulence...

Widespread distribution of a tet W determinant among tetracycline-resistant isolates of the animal pathogen Arcanobacterium pyogenes

..The mobile nature of this determinant and the presence of A. pyogenes in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle and pigs suggest that A. pyogenes may have inherited this determinant within the gastrointestinal tracts of these animals...

..Finally, C. perfringens proved to have a dynamic population and availability of more genome sequences and use of comparative proteomics and animal modeling would provide more insight into the virulence of this organism...

..Clostridium difficile can also be a normal inhabitant of the intestine of healthy pigs, and diagnosis of enteric infection with this microorganism is based on detection of its toxins in feces or intestinal contents...

..The wild-type adhesion phenotype was restored by providing nanP in trans. These data indicate that the neuraminidases of A. pyogenes play a role in adhesion of this organism to host epithelial cells...

..Results showed that 69.6% of sampled retail chicken livers were culture positive for C. perfringens. Genotyping of the isolates showed that all the isolates were type A, but were negative for the enterotoxin gene (cpe)...

Susceptibility of Arcanobacterium pyogenes from different sources to tetracycline, macrolide and lincosamide antimicrobial agents

..6% of porcine isolates were resistant to the tetracyclines, compared with 25.9% of bovine isolates. These data suggest that a large proportion of A. pyogenes field isolates may be resistant to these commonly used antimicrobial agents...

Identification and role in virulence of putative iron acquisition genes from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

..pseudotuberculosis fagB(C) mutant in vitro, this mutant showed reduced virulence compared to wild-type in a goat model of caseous lymphadenitis. Thus, expression of the fag genes in the host appears to contribute to virulence...

Diagnosis of Clostridium perfringens intestinal infections in sheep and goats

..nodosus to cause ovine footrot is regulated, as we have shown that the biogenesis of type IV fimbriae in D. nodosus is regulated by a sigma 54-dependent PilR/S system that also indirectly controls protease secretion...

Mechanism of induction of complement susceptibility of erythrocytes by spider and bacterial sphingomyelinases

..Enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens type A is the third leading cause of foodborne disease in the United States, resulting annually in an estimated 250,000 cases of a typically mild, self-limiting gastrointestinal illness...

Necrotizing enterocolitis associated with clostridium perfringens type A in previously healthy north american adults

..It is exceedingly rare in the developed world. C perfringens type A is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis and, in a handful of infections, has been reported in association with a syndrome resembling necrotizing enteritis...