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Video Abstract: Effects of Pathways Triple P on Pediatric Health-Related Quality of Life in Maltreated Children

This video describes findings from a randomized controlled trial of Pathways Triple P behavioral parent training intervention. This program was delivered to families receiving child welfare services for child maltreatment. Child outcomes were measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0). Findings indicate significant improvements in child health-related quality of life. Read the article.

We analyzed data from 9,971 children who participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten: 2011, a nationally representative cohort of children entering kindergarten in the United States in 2010-2011. We examined the longitudinal relationships between performing chores in kindergarten and child perceived self-competence measures and academic outcomes in the third grade. Our study is unique in that we looked at how early childhood chores relate to development from a child’s own perspective. Performing chores in early elementary school was associated with later development of self-competence, pro-social behavior, and self-efficacy.
Read the article.

Increased television viewing is associated with language delays in early childhood Unlike traditional screen time, mobile media devices offer the opportunity to interact with the interface. Studies examining the relationship between mobile media device use and developmental outcomes including communication outcomes in young children are lacking. The objective of our study was to examine the association between mobile media device use and communication delays in 18-month-old children. Read the article.

This study's purpose was to investigate the association between Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic, and other Demographic factors and ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in children. Children who were white, had public insurance (i.e. Medicaid), were male, and raised by single parents appear to have increased access to ADHD diagnostic or medication services. ADHD prevalence was lower among Hispanic children but did not vary among other racial groups. New findings included boys and children raised in single-parent households potentially having higher rates of false positive diagnoses, which warrants further exploration. Read the article.

The goal of this paper is to investigate the association between the two most commonly reported parental concerns about young children - disruptive behavior (e.g., irritable, aggressive, and noncompliant behaviors) and language delay in toddlers. Stronger language skills were associated with fewer disruptive behavior for children between 18 and 36 months of age. This negative association was stronger for girls than boys and stronger for children living in poverty than those above the poverty line. Findings from our study suggest a developmental co-occurrence pattern that begins at a very early age.
Read the article.

This video describes findings from a randomized controlled trial of Pathways Triple P behavioral parent training intervention. This program was delivered to families receiving child welfare services for child maltreatment. Child outcomes were measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0). Findings indicate significant improvements in child health-related quality of life. Read the article.

First-author Chloe Beacham discusses findings from the article “Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Profiles of Children Who Are Missed”. Screening measures such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised (M-CHAT-R) and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 3rd Edition (ASQ-3) are parent-report questionnaires that target autism symptomatology and broad developmental delays respectively. This study sought to examine the profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder who are missed by these commonly used screening measures and also to build upon the current literature on the benefits of a combined screening approach. Read the article.

Our goal was to determine whether mothers of advanced maternal age (AMA) were more acutely aware of their child with autism spectrum disorder’s development and whether more experience with the health care system led to quicker autism diagnoses. We used data from the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network or ADDM Network. The ADDM network is a biannual surveillance system that estimates the prevalence of autism in 8-year old children from sites across the US. We found that children of AMA mothers had their first evaluations between 1 and 5 months earlier than children of non-AMA mothers with statistically significantly different patterns in timing. However, once we adjusted for sociodemographic confounders, like maternal education and race, we saw no difference between the two groups. AMA is one sociodemographic factor associated with younger age of first evaluation noting developmental concerns in children with autism. Read the article.

In our article, we examined data collected by the National Institute of Child Health and Development for the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. This longitudinal cohort followed more than 1,000 children and their families from the child’s birth until the age of 15. Our findings highlight the importance of the context within which a child grows up: not only the family context and the mental health of parents, but also the peer context and friendships are important influences that help decide whether a child develops adjustment problems or not in the face of stressful life events. Read the article.

First-author Melissa Engel discusses the longitudinal relationship between somatic complaints, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in a sample of young children at increased familial risk for psychopathology. Maternal psychopathology was found to be a risk factor for somatic complaints. Moreover, somatic complaints at preschool predicted somatic complaints, anxiety, and depression at school-age. Symptoms of internalizing disorders may be evident as early as the preschool years, suggesting the potential utility of early detection and intervention efforts, especially for young children at increased familial risk for internalizing disorders. Pediatric primary care is an ideal setting to integrate preventive efforts. Read the article.

Pediatricians are one of the most credible professional sources of advice for parents concerning how best to discipline their children. There is now an overwhelming body of scientific evidence that hitting children, even for disciplinary purposes (i.e., spanking or corporal punishment), leads to increased risk of harm to children’s overall health. This study shows that most U.S. pediatricians are aware of this evidence and do not support hitting children for discipline. Pediatricians can play a crucial role in shifting this long-standing, widely held social norm in the U.S. by sharing their views and pointing parents toward alternative forms of discipline. Read the article.

Lead author, Nerissa Bauer, MD, MPH presents findings of the second randomized controlled trial for TEACH (Tailoring Education for ADHD and Children’s Health), a family intervention delivered over 5 sessions to small groups of children with ADHD and their parents during follow up visits to the clinic. Participants in TEACH reported greater improvements in parental emotional health, child functioning in the home and several quality of life indicators compared to families receiving follow up care as individual visits. Our findings provide ongoing support for further research and refinement of the TEACH intervention. Read the article.

This study examines risk and protective factors associated with externalizing behavior among 1300 children. We found that moms who faced more mental health challenges when their children were two were more likely to report that their children had externalizing behaviors at age three. Children in daycare, or whose moms participated in community activities, such as story time at the library, were less likely to report externalizing behavior in their children. Opportunities for children to practice their self-regulation skills through structured interactions with same age peers can enhance school readiness and should be made accessible to all families. Read the article.

This video depicts the rationale for a care coordination intervention using a shared plan of care. It shares an open-ended goal oriented interview with a parent of a child with a developmental disability, reveals how family goals are identified and strategies coproduced to achieve goals. Findings are summarized and recommendations made. Read the article.

Sarah Kirsch, lead author, describes a national study of the determinants of parent satisfaction with emergency or urgent care visits by their children with autism spectrum disorder. The researchers found that the factors most associated with parent satisfaction were indicators of the quality of interpersonal and communication skills of the medical and non-medical staff of the facility at which the patients were treated. These were more important, for example, than patient traits, reason for visit, or whether the patient was cooperative. The authors emphasize the importance of autism-specific training for emergency department staff to maximizing satisfaction with care. Read the article.

Researchers from City University of Hong Kong examined the effectiveness of Chinese martial arts in reducing reactive and proactive aggression among schoolchildren with a longitudinal, placebo-controlled design. The intervention was developed based on the social-information processing model. 298 out of 3,511 schoolchildren were randomly assigned to one of four training conditions (Skills-and-Philosophy condition, Skills-only condition, Philosophy-only condition, Physical Fitness condition). Only the combined Skills-and-Philosophy condition showed a significant reduction in self-ratings of reactive and proactive aggression, delinquent behavior, anxious/depressed problems, and attention problems at post-test and/or 6-month follow-up. This provides important information for helping professionals to design non-labelling and effective intervention for high-risk schoolchildren to reduce reactive and proactive aggression. Read the article.

We examined how the level and concordance of non-responsive feeding practices between mothers and fathers are associated with child fussy eating in a sample of socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Cohabiting mother-father pairs from the ‘Mums and Dads (MAD) for Mealtimes’ study reported on their non-responsive feeding practices (persuasive feeding, reward for eating and reward for behaviour) and their preschool-aged child’s fussy eating (i.e., picky eating). Less child fussy eating was reported when parents were concordant in avoiding non-responsive feeding practices. Our results highlight the need to use a whole-family approach in research and interventions to address fussy eating. Read the article.

Lead author, Julia Anixt, MD presents findings from a research study evaluating the types of challenging behaviors parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prioritize for treatment during Developmental Behavioral Pediatric (DBP) clinic visits. This study explores how much shared decision making (SDM) occurs during “usual care” DBP clinic visits, how often parent priorities are addressed in the treatment plan, and how often parents feel uncertain about the decision of whether to use medication to treat their children’s challenging behaviors. Read the article.

This is a video abstract for the Parental Perception of Flourishing in School-Aged Children: 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health manuscript. We discuss what flourishing in children is and its importance. We also discuss our data source, HRSA's National Survey of Children's Health. Our study findings that approximately half of school-aged children were found to be flourishing and that differences by sociodemographic factors in the likelihood of flourishing were reduced with the inclusion of environmental factors are also described. We close with next steps and areas for further study in flourishing. Read the article.

This video is a quick summary of the paper, “Adolescent Internet Use, Social Integration, and Depressive Symptoms: Analysis from a Longitudinal Cohort Survey.” It examined the association between adolescent leisure-time internet use and social connection in the school context, and how this association affects later depressive symptoms among adolescents in Taiwan. The results highlighted the needs for stakeholders of adolescent health to carefully assess adolescents’ social networking and mental well-being. Read the article.

We analyzed data from 9,971 children who participated in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten: 2011, a nationally representative cohort of children entering kindergarten in the United States in 2010-2011. We examined the longitudinal relationships between performing chores in kindergarten and child perceived self-competence measures and academic outcomes in the third grade. Our study is unique in that we looked at how early childhood chores relate to development from a child’s own perspective. Performing chores in early elementary school was associated with later development of self-competence, pro-social behavior, and self-efficacy.
Read the article.

Increased television viewing is associated with language delays in early childhood Unlike traditional screen time, mobile media devices offer the opportunity to interact with the interface. Studies examining the relationship between mobile media device use and developmental outcomes including communication outcomes in young children are lacking. The objective of our study was to examine the association between mobile media device use and communication delays in 18-month-old children. Read the article.

This study's purpose was to investigate the association between Race/Ethnicity, Socioeconomic, and other Demographic factors and ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment in children. Children who were white, had public insurance (i.e. Medicaid), were male, and raised by single parents appear to have increased access to ADHD diagnostic or medication services. ADHD prevalence was lower among Hispanic children but did not vary among other racial groups. New findings included boys and children raised in single-parent households potentially having higher rates of false positive diagnoses, which warrants further exploration. Read the article.

The goal of this paper is to investigate the association between the two most commonly reported parental concerns about young children - disruptive behavior (e.g., irritable, aggressive, and noncompliant behaviors) and language delay in toddlers. Stronger language skills were associated with fewer disruptive behavior for children between 18 and 36 months of age. This negative association was stronger for girls than boys and stronger for children living in poverty than those above the poverty line. Findings from our study suggest a developmental co-occurrence pattern that begins at a very early age.
Read the article.

This video describes findings from a randomized controlled trial of Pathways Triple P behavioral parent training intervention. This program was delivered to families receiving child welfare services for child maltreatment. Child outcomes were measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL 4.0). Findings indicate significant improvements in child health-related quality of life. Read the article.

First-author Chloe Beacham discusses findings from the article “Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Profiles of Children Who Are Missed”. Screening measures such as the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised (M-CHAT-R) and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, 3rd Edition (ASQ-3) are parent-report questionnaires that target autism symptomatology and broad developmental delays respectively. This study sought to examine the profiles of children with autism spectrum disorder who are missed by these commonly used screening measures and also to build upon the current literature on the benefits of a combined screening approach. Read the article.

In our article, we examined data collected by the National Institute of Child Health and Development for the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. This longitudinal cohort followed more than 1,000 children and their families from the child’s birth until the age of 15. Our findings highlight the importance of the context within which a child grows up: not only the family context and the mental health of parents, but also the peer context and friendships are important influences that help decide whether a child develops adjustment problems or not in the face of stressful life events. Read the article.

Pediatricians are one of the most credible professional sources of advice for parents concerning how best to discipline their children. There is now an overwhelming body of scientific evidence that hitting children, even for disciplinary purposes (i.e., spanking or corporal punishment), leads to increased risk of harm to children’s overall health. This study shows that most U.S. pediatricians are aware of this evidence and do not support hitting children for discipline. Pediatricians can play a crucial role in shifting this long-standing, widely held social norm in the U.S. by sharing their views and pointing parents toward alternative forms of discipline. Read the article.

Lead author, Nerissa Bauer, MD, MPH presents findings of the second randomized controlled trial for TEACH (Tailoring Education for ADHD and Children’s Health), a family intervention delivered over 5 sessions to small groups of children with ADHD and their parents during follow up visits to the clinic. Participants in TEACH reported greater improvements in parental emotional health, child functioning in the home and several quality of life indicators compared to families receiving follow up care as individual visits. Our findings provide ongoing support for further research and refinement of the TEACH intervention. Read the article.

We examined how the level and concordance of non-responsive feeding practices between mothers and fathers are associated with child fussy eating in a sample of socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Cohabiting mother-father pairs from the ‘Mums and Dads (MAD) for Mealtimes’ study reported on their non-responsive feeding practices (persuasive feeding, reward for eating and reward for behaviour) and their preschool-aged child’s fussy eating (i.e., picky eating). Less child fussy eating was reported when parents were concordant in avoiding non-responsive feeding practices. Our results highlight the need to use a whole-family approach in research and interventions to address fussy eating. Read the article.

Lead author, Julia Anixt, MD presents findings from a research study evaluating the types of challenging behaviors parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prioritize for treatment during Developmental Behavioral Pediatric (DBP) clinic visits. This study explores how much shared decision making (SDM) occurs during “usual care” DBP clinic visits, how often parent priorities are addressed in the treatment plan, and how often parents feel uncertain about the decision of whether to use medication to treat their children’s challenging behaviors. Read the article.

This is a video abstract for the Parental Perception of Flourishing in School-Aged Children: 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health manuscript. We discuss what flourishing in children is and its importance. We also discuss our data source, HRSA's National Survey of Children's Health. Our study findings that approximately half of school-aged children were found to be flourishing and that differences by sociodemographic factors in the likelihood of flourishing were reduced with the inclusion of environmental factors are also described. We close with next steps and areas for further study in flourishing. Read the article.

This video is a quick summary of the paper, “Adolescent Internet Use, Social Integration, and Depressive Symptoms: Analysis from a Longitudinal Cohort Survey.” It examined the association between adolescent leisure-time internet use and social connection in the school context, and how this association affects later depressive symptoms among adolescents in Taiwan. The results highlighted the needs for stakeholders of adolescent health to carefully assess adolescents’ social networking and mental well-being. Read the article.

Researchers from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) used parent-reported data from national studies in 2007 and 2011 to understand how having Tourette syndrome and other conditions affect how children do in school, like repeating a grade, school problems, or needing special services. Having other conditions along with Tourette Syndrome was related to having difficulty in school and needing educational services. This is important information for healthcare providers, teachers and parents. Being aware of the potential challenges related to both Tourette syndrome and other conditions can help them to best support the child’s education. For further information on CDC’s research in this area, visit: www.cdc.gov/tourette.Read the article.

This video is a brief summary of the article, "Preliminary Evaluation of a Brief Autism Screener for Young Children." It provides the reasons for undertaking development of a new parent report tool and describes the methodology and initial data assessing the usefulness of the PDQ-1, a brief Autism screener for toddler-age children. Click here to read the article.

During toddlerhood, children establish regular sleep patterns, with night awakenings followed by returning to sleep without parental intervention. However, some toddlers experience frequent night awakenings and may require parental intervention to return to sleep. Co-sleeping, meaning sharing the same bed or same room, occurs among many families with toddlers. We found that when parents perceive that their toddler has a sleep problem and they co-sleep, mothers lose almost one hour of sleep and report increased symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety. Practitioners might consider alternatives to co-sleeping when discussing sleep arrangements with parents.Read the article

We report on the rate need for academic services and academic service utilization among a cohort of children who sustained a traumatic brain injury (TBI) between the ages of 3 and 7 years old, as they transitioned to middle school, approximately 6.8 years after injury. Findings show the need for services among students with a history TBI remains high even years after injury. Rates of unmet need were high across all injury groups (46.2%-63.6%), underscoring the importance of continued monitoring of students with a history of TBI, especially children with less severe injuries who are at risk for being underserved. Read the article

We analyzed follow-up data at age 10 years from children who participated in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns Study - also known as a the ELGAN study. Complete data were available from 668 children who were born at less than 28 weeks gestation and who did not have intellectual disability at age 10. We found that about 30% of these children had low achievement in math, reading, or both. As predicted, the rate of having a Math Learning Disability was twice as high as having a Reading Learning Disability. The pattern of deficits on neuropsychological tests varied as a function of learning disability type. Click here to read the article.

Electronic health record data was collected from 3 DBPNet sites in order to look at variations in prescribing practices and factors associated with Developmental-behavioral pediatricians prescribing psychotropic medication to children with ASD. Click here to read the article.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Clinical guidelines provide recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with specific guidance on caring for children younger than 6 years. This exploratory study describes ADHD diagnosis and treatment patterns among young children in the U.S. using two nationally representative parent surveys. Click here to read the article.

The Queensland Flood Study (QF2011) took advantage of a severe flood in Queensland, Australia to investigate the effects of disaster-related prenatal maternal stress on temperament characteristics at 6-months-old. Results showed that mothers’ subjective stress reactions and cognitive appraisal of the disaster while pregnant were associated with easier aspects of temperament in their infants. However, with higher levels of hardship in pregnancy, boys (but not girls) were rated as more irritable. Higher levels of hardship in early pregnancy also predicted more arrhythmic behavior. Finally, mothers whose emotional response to the flood exceeded the hardship they endured reported more active-reactive infants.
Click here to read the article.

This video is a brief summary of the paper, “Neurocognitive correlates of ADHD symptoms in children born at extremely low gestational age”. Compared to children born near term, those born extremely preterm are at much higher risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using the data from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn study (ELGAN), we examined the neurocognitive correlates of ADHD symptoms in ELGANs at 10 years of age. Findings indicate that among children born extremely preterm, those with ADHD symptoms are more likely than others to have global neurocognitive impairment as well as deficits in executive functioning skills and poor academic achievement. Click here to read the article.

This video describes a study that assesses the relationship between autism-related health and educational service use and severity in a national survey of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study found that although rates of service use were generally highest among children with severe ASD, non-school-based therapy and behavioral interventions were only used by about half of children with severe ASD, and about 1 in 4 children with mild ASD were using none of the therapies asked about. Study findings suggest that many children with ASD are likely not getting all of the therapy services they need, across all levels of severity. Click here to read the article.

Dr. Alison Ventura discusses her study of patterns of infant bottle-feeding during the first year of life and the association of these patterns with infant weight gain. This research used an innovative methodology – group based trajectory mixture modeling – to address the limitations of previous research aimed at understanding links between infant feeding and health outcomes. This data-driven approach allowed for a better visualization of the balance between breast- and bottle-feeding that occurs for different subsets of infants, as well as how this balance changes across infancy. It also provided novel insights into associations between infant bottle-feeding and weight gain patterns.
Click here to read the article.

Dr. Jenny Radesky discusses her qualitative interviews with parents of young children about their mobile device use habits, highlighting the 3 main tensions parents expressed. These included: 1) cognitive tensions, feeling “information overload” and difficulties multitasking between tech and children; 2) emotional tensions, including the feeling that the sometimes “intrusive” nature of mobile media makes it more stress-inducing, but also that they seek it as a way self-regulate when stressed with parenting; 3) dyadic tensions, described as discomfort with how mobile device use during family routines seemed to interrupt moments of connection, but also could act as a peacekeeper.Click here to read the article.

Using the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health dataset, we compared spouse/partner relationships and parent-child relationships (family relationships), parenting stress, and children’s general health, emotional difficulties, coping behavior, and learning behavior (child outcomes) in households of same-sex (female) versus different-sex continuously coupled parents with biological offspring. We assessed whether associations among family relationships, parenting stress, and child outcomes were different in the two household types. We found that children with female same-sex parents and different-sex parents demonstrated no differences in outcomes, despite female same-sex parents reporting more parenting stress.
Click here to read the article.

Population-based autism spectrum disorder (ASD) surveillance among 4-year old children provides valuable information about the early identification of children with ASD and suggests progression toward lowering the age of first ASD evaluation within participating Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring communities.
Click here to read the article.