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Abstract

Simulated bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDF) were compared with measurements made just beneath the water’s surface. In Case I water, the set of simulations that varied the particle scattering phase function depending on chlorophyll concentration agreed more closely with the data than other models. In Case II water, however, the simulations using fixed phase functions agreed well with the data and were nearly indistinguishable from each other, on average. The results suggest that BRDF corrections in Case II water are feasible using single, average, particle scattering phase functions, but that the existing approach using variable particle scattering phase functions is still warranted in Case I water.

H. Claustre, A. Sciandra, and D. Vaulot, “Introduction to the special section bio-optical and biogeochemical conditions in the South East Pacific in late 2004: the BIOSOPE program,” Biogeosciences 5(3), 679–691 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. Claustre, A. Sciandra, and D. Vaulot, “Introduction to the special section bio-optical and biogeochemical conditions in the South East Pacific in late 2004: the BIOSOPE program,” Biogeosciences 5(3), 679–691 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. Claustre, A. Sciandra, and D. Vaulot, “Introduction to the special section bio-optical and biogeochemical conditions in the South East Pacific in late 2004: the BIOSOPE program,” Biogeosciences 5(3), 679–691 (2008).
[Crossref]

Sciandra, A.

H. Claustre, A. Sciandra, and D. Vaulot, “Introduction to the special section bio-optical and biogeochemical conditions in the South East Pacific in late 2004: the BIOSOPE program,” Biogeosciences 5(3), 679–691 (2008).
[Crossref]

Vaulot, D.

H. Claustre, A. Sciandra, and D. Vaulot, “Introduction to the special section bio-optical and biogeochemical conditions in the South East Pacific in late 2004: the BIOSOPE program,” Biogeosciences 5(3), 679–691 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. Claustre, A. Sciandra, and D. Vaulot, “Introduction to the special section bio-optical and biogeochemical conditions in the South East Pacific in late 2004: the BIOSOPE program,” Biogeosciences 5(3), 679–691 (2008).
[Crossref]

Figures (9)

Fig. 1 Comparison of Sullivan-Twardowski and Petzold turbid water phase functions used in methods 1-3. The phase function for method 1 is normalized over all angles (Eq. (5)) and multiplied by bp to generate βp(θ) in the RT model. The phase functions for methods 2 and 3 are normalized in the backward direction (Eq. (6)) and multiplied by bbp to generate βp(θ) in the RT model. Inset shows details of methods 2 and 3 over the backscattering directions.

Fig. 2 Depth-weighted bp (top) and apg (bottom) at 526 nm plotted against total chlorophyll concentration. Left plots on both the top and bottom show details near the origin. Solid lines plot the IOP model used as a reference for Case I [6]. Solid dots and open circles represent conditions designated as Case I and Case II, respectively.

Fig. 3Lu(θv, ϕ) / Lu(0, 0) for MAG2002 vs. NuRADS data (A and C) and Lee2011 vs. NuRADS data (B and D). The plots for each of the 5 wavelengths have been offset vertically by 1.0 for clarity. Solid lines on each plot show the 1:1 slope and dashed lines show a linear fit to the data. Note that there is no obvious spectral dependence of these results.

Fig. 4 Summary of D(θv, ϕ) as a function of chlorophyll (Chl) for the 526 nm NuRADS images in Case I water. See text for a description of box plots and of the population sizes (N). From left to right within each group of boxes: Black boxes correspond to values from MAG2002 minus the data. Light blue boxes correspond to values from Lee2011 minus the data. Green, red, and dark blue boxes correspond to the RT model using VSF parameterization methods 1-3, respectively, minus the data. The shaded grey area around 0 difference is the mean coefficient of variation of the NuRADS images at the points used to compute D(θv, ϕ).

Fig. 6 Summary of D(θv, ϕ) as a function of view azimuth for the 526 nm NuRADS images in Case I water. The principal plane is defined by azimuth = 0° (toward the sun) and azimuth = 180° (away from the sun). See text and caption for Fig. 4 for description of boxes.

Fig. 7 Summary of D(θv, ϕ) as a function of view azimuth for the 526 nm NuRADS images in Case II water. The principal plane is defined by azimuth = 0° (toward the sun) and azimuth = 180° (away from the sun). See text and caption for Fig. 4 for description of boxes.