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In-Car Automation and Monitoring System Sensors are placed throughout a car and wirelessly send data back to a central terminal Sensors are placed throughout a car and wirelessly send data back to a central terminal –Data displayed on LCD –Zigbee is used to transmit and receive Data –Audio and Visual Warnings will be given if a sensor detects something has fallen below the threshold.

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What is Zigbee? Zigbee is a short-range wireless connectivity option ideal for low- power and low data rate applications based on the IEEE standard Zigbee is a short-range wireless connectivity option ideal for low- power and low data rate applications based on the IEEE standard Zigbee devices may run for several years with an original battery because of its low power consumption. Zigbee devices may run for several years with an original battery because of its low power consumption. It works well in noisy environments, mesh networking It works well in noisy environments, mesh networking Zigbee operates at 2.4 GHz Zigbee operates at 2.4 GHz

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Implementation We will use Zigbee technology to measure different components of a car and display the data on a main LCD screen. We will use Zigbee technology to measure different components of a car and display the data on a main LCD screen. –Tire Pressure –Temperature –Battery Voltage –Proximity Sensor –Fluid Sensor If any of the sensors detect a critical level our system will be used to provide audio/visual warnings to the driver. If any of the sensors detect a critical level our system will be used to provide audio/visual warnings to the driver.

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Implementation The basic steps in order to accomplish this goal are to: Implement Zigbee Wireless Configuration. We send one digital value from one chip to other chip. Implement Zigbee Wireless Configuration. We send one digital value from one chip to other chip. Send Multiples Values and store them in some database. Send Multiples Values and store them in some database. A/D Converter – Convert Some Analog Signal to Digital A/D Converter – Convert Some Analog Signal to Digital Display the data on an LCD screen Display the data on an LCD screen Our primary goal would be to make this system modular. Our primary goal would be to make this system modular. –For example, we could add any type of sensor, and it would integrate into the system

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Goals Minimum Minimum –Zigbee Based Tire Pressure Monitor that transmits data to a central terminal where it can be displayed on a LCD Optimal Optimal –Multiple Sensors that transmit through Zigbee Wirelessly to a central terminal, where that data can be stored, manipulated, and displayed on a LCD

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Motivation A 15 psi loss from the optimal tire pressure will increase fuel consumption between 10% to 15% A 15 psi loss from the optimal tire pressure will increase fuel consumption between 10% to 15% Proper tire inflation will increase tire life by over 25% Proper tire inflation will increase tire life by over 25% Proper tire inflation will also increase the tire’s responsiveness, traction, and handling. Proper tire inflation will also increase the tire’s responsiveness, traction, and handling. Other sensors will monitor the different components of the car. Other sensors will monitor the different components of the car. Save Fuel. Increase Efficiency Safety Increase Reliability

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Physical Issues The Final Build will need to be hardened against the elements such as The Final Build will need to be hardened against the elements such as –Shock (i.e. Bumpy Roads) –Extreme Weather (Operating Temperature between -20 °C to 50 °C »Sensors should have small temperature coefficients or will need compensated based on environmental factors –Waterproofed

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Issues with using a Car Battery Battery Drain Battery Drain –Auto-Off Switch if Battery Voltage drops too low –Mechanical Hard Switch when not in use Power Surges on Car Start-Up Power Surges on Car Start-Up –Possible Solutions »Capacitors in parallel with Battery »UPS Connected to Battery

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Development Phase Overview We will use AC/DC Power Supplies to power up our system We will use AC/DC Power Supplies to power up our system

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Actual Build Overview The Car Battery will be the main source of power. The Car Battery will be the main source of power. A DC-DC Converter will be used to step- down to the appropriate voltages A DC-DC Converter will be used to step- down to the appropriate voltages A Voltage Regulator will be used to ensure the the microchips are safe from variations in the battery voltage, temperature, and other environmental factors A Voltage Regulator will be used to ensure the the microchips are safe from variations in the battery voltage, temperature, and other environmental factors

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Zigbee, Sensors, and Microcontrollers Burst Transmissions Burst Transmissions Development Phase Development Phase –Power Adapters Final Build Final Build –Main Board will be Connected to Car Battery –Sensors, and attached Zigbee will be powered by battery

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Zigbee, Sensors, and Microcontrollers Sensor and Zigbee Power Supply Issues – – The Wireless Sensors that are placed throughout the car will need an independent power source – –Sensors’ Maximum Power Dissipation 20mA » »Zigbee Transmitters Run at 3.3V. The sensors we will using will run at voltage between 3V to 6V Solution: Buck-Boost Converter

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Software Overview We will use CodeWarrior (developed by Freescale Semicondoctor) as our programming environment. We will use CodeWarrior (developed by Freescale Semicondoctor) as our programming environment. The Microcontroller utilizes MAC(Media- Access-Control) functions to instruct the Zigbee transceiver. The Microcontroller utilizes MAC(Media- Access-Control) functions to instruct the Zigbee transceiver. We will be writing our code in the C language with the use MAC functions. We will be writing our code in the C language with the use MAC functions. Code will be written for the data transmission/collection and the user interface. Code will be written for the data transmission/collection and the user interface.

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Voltage and Current Sensor for Battery A voltage sensor for detecting a terminal voltage of a battery connected to a load. A current sensor for detecting a current flowing from the battery to the load. Means for collecting the voltage value detected by the voltage sensor and the current value detected by the current sensor every predetermined time. The voltage and current values are then transmitted to the main terminal which is then displayed on the LCD screen. Audible and/or visual warning when Voltage becomes low (falls below 12V)

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Schedule

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Division of Labor

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Budget

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Risks and Fallback Options Digital Wireless Technology is unfamiliar technology for us. We are lacking experience with Zigbee, and we might run out of time. Digital Wireless Technology is unfamiliar technology for us. We are lacking experience with Zigbee, and we might run out of time. – It will take at least a month to familiarize ourselves with the technology. For this reason, our project is scalable, and we can add or subtract sensors depending on how much time we have. Sensors implementation ( Specifically - Sensor to Zigbee Communication) will take significant time to fully understand. Sensors implementation ( Specifically - Sensor to Zigbee Communication) will take significant time to fully understand.

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Extensions Implement OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) with Zigbee Implement OBD (On-Board Diagnostics) with Zigbee –Nearly all cars made after 1998 have a built in OBD system that uses sensors all around the car, usually only available to mechanics. »Not a Standardized System »Proprietary Software used to download data from sensors.