MÜLLER, JOEL:

German rabbi and Talmudist; born 1827 at Ungarisch-Ostra, Moravia; died at Berlin Nov. 6, 1895. He received a thorough Talmudic training and succeeded his father as rabbi of his native town. His next rabbinate was that of Leipa, Bohemia; some of the sermons which he preached there have been published—"Die Spenden der Mutterfreude" (1868) and a collection of sermons on "Bibelbilder" (1869). Later he preached in Berlin.

From Leipa Müller went to Vienna, and became teacher of religion in a "Realschule." This he resigned to become professor of Talmud at the Berlin Lehranstalt für die Wissenschaft des Judenthums.

In 1878 Müller published in Vienna an edition of the "Masseket Soferim," and in the same year "Ḥilluf Minhagim"; the latter, which is a work of great value, first appeared in the Hebrew periodical "Ha-Shaḥar." Müller's treatment of the early responsa literature was especially excellent. In 1881 his "Teshubot Ḥakme Ẓarefat we-Lotir" appeared; in 1886, "Briefe und Responsen aus der Vorgaonäischen Jüdischen Literatur"; in 1888, "Teshubot Geone Mizraḥ u-Ma'arab"; and in 1893, "Die Responsen des R. Meschullam, Sohn des R. Kalonymus." Müller's chief contribution to the responsa literature is his "Mafteaḥ" to the responsa of the Geonim—a summary of the contents of the various publications comprising the answers of the Geonimto questions submitted to them (Berlin, 1891). One of his latest works was an edition of the "Halakot Pesuḳot." After his death his edition of Saadia's halakic writings appeared as vol. ix of the "Œuvres Complètes de R. Saadia ben Iosef al-Fayyoûmî."