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Thursday, October 6, 2011

The reaction crossection for Helium-3 is 5330 Barns and that for Boron-10 is 3840 Barns.
Both the reactions are strongly dependent on incident neutron energy 'E' and have roughly a 1/sqrt(E) dependence.

Suppose you require a smaller capacitance with higher voltage rating for your application but you are left with only higher capacitance capacitor with less voltage rating. How could you overcome this problem?

You can follow a small trick. You put two or more capacitors in series to arrive at your designed capacitance of smaller value.Because
i) It divides the voltage over two capacitors and thus has net effect of doubling (in case of two capacitors) the voltage rating.
ii) It reduces overall capacitance by following

C = (C1*C2) / (C1+C2 )

where 'C' is total capacitance of two capacitors in series.

For instance, consider two capacitors 100 pF @500VDC,

Then keeping them in series we get C = 50pF

voltage is now divided over two capacitors so total rating is 50pF @1000V Dc.

Set the range of Ohm meter to higher range greater than 1MOhm. The ohm-meter leads are to be connected across leads of capacitor. Fora good capacitor, the meter first shows low value and then slowly recedes to a higher value. The reading gets stabilized to a higher value after some time due to charging action.

For ceramic, paper and Mica capacitors, the resistance falls in the range 500 - 1000 MOhm.
For electrolytic capacitors, it is around 1MOhm.

If ohmmeter reading immediately goes to zero and stays there, the capacitor is short circuited.

If capacitor shows no charging action but just reads very high resistance it may be open.

Stray capacitance:

The wiring and components in a circuit have capacitance to metal chassis. The stray capacitance is typically 5 to 10PF.

Leakage resistance of capacitor:

Consider a capacitor charged by a DC voltage source. If the source is removed a perfect capacitor would keep its charge indefinitely.