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Population

1.
POPULATION

2.
PRIMARILY CONCERNED WITH THREE MAJOR
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE POPULATION:
Population size and distribution:
How many people are there and where are they located?
Population growth and processes of population change:
How has the population grown and changed through time?
Characteristics or qualities of the population:
What are their age, sex-composition, literacy levels, occupational structure and
health conditions?

3.
POPULATION SIZE AND DISTRIBUTION
India’s population as on March 2001 stood at 1,028 million, which account for
16.7 per cent of the world’s population. These 1.02 billion people are unevenly
distributed over our country’s vast area of 3.28 million square km, which
accounts for 2.4 per cent of the world’s area

4.
The 2001 Census data reveals that
Uttar Pradesh with a population size of
166 million people is the most populous
state of India. Uttar Pradesh accounts for
about 16 per cent.
Almost half of India’s population lives in
just five states. These are Uttar Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal, and
Andhra Pradesh.

6.
POPULATION GROWTH AND PROCESSES OF POPULATION
CHANGE
Population is a dynamic phenomenon. The numbers, distribution and composition of the
population are constantly changing. This is the influence of the interaction of the three processes,
BIRTH RATE DEATH RATE MIGRATION

7.
POPULATION GROWTH
Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a
country/territory during a specific period of time, say during the last ten years.
Such a change can be expressed in two ways: in terms of absolute numbers and
in terms of percentage change per year.

8.
Birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year. It is a major component of growth because in
India, birth rates have always been higher than death rates.
Death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year. The main cause of the rate of growth of the Indian
population has been the rapid decline in death rates.
Till 1980, high birth rates and declining death rates led to a large difference between birth rates and death rates
resulting in higher rates of population growth. Since 1981, birth rates have also started declining gradually, resulting in a
gradual decline in the rate of population growth.
The third component of population growth is migration. Migration is the movement of people across regions and
territories. Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries).
Internal migration does not change the size of the population, but influences the distribution of population within the
nation. Migration plays a very significant role in changing the composition and distribution of population.

9.
AGE COMPOSITION
The age composition of a population refers to the number of people in different
age groups in a country. It is one of the most basic characteristics of a population
THE POPULATION OF A NATION IS GENERALLY GROUPED INTO THREE BROAD CATEGORIES:
Children
Below 15 years
Working age 15-59 years Aged (Above 59 years)

10.
Sex Ratio
Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the
population. This information is an important social indicator to measure the
extent of equality between males and females in a society at a given time. The
sex ratio in the country has always remained unfavorable to females.

11.
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
The percentage of population that is economically active is an important index of development. The
distribution of the population according to different types of occupation is referred to as the
occupational structure.
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE.
PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY