He was also one of the few Republicans in the 1980s and 1990s who spoke publicly about the GOP's weakness among African American voters and tried to take steps to address it.

It is hard now to imagine the intramural fights that rent the Republicans in the late 1970s and early 1980s over tax policy. Following the economic troubles of the mid and late 1970s, a group of outspoken Republicans championed an array of tax cuts to stimulate the economy as the Carter era ended and the Reagan era approached. (See TIME's photos: Ronald Reagan Remembered)

More than anyone else it was Kemp, starting in the late 1970s as a congressman from Buffalo, who led the crusade for a series of specific proposals to cut income tax rates that formed the basis of measures that were both adopted by candidate Reagan in the 1980 race and then enacted during the Regan presidency that followed. Kemp's tax rate cutting crusade culminated in a massive reform of the tax code in 1986 that members of both parties supported.

Kemp and the economic theorists who backed him were called "supply-siders" because of their belief that the more money the government returned to taxpayers in the form of tax cuts, the more economic activity  and, eventually, tax revenue  those cuts would engender. It was a theory one longtime Kemp rival, George Herbert Walker Bush, had described as "voodoo economics" when he first ran for president in 1980.

Thanks in part to Kemp, tax cutting became, in the post cold war years, the chief mantra of the GOP, culminating years later in the large tax reductions pushed through Congress in the first decade of the 21st century by Bush's own son, President George W. Bush.

In an increasingly partisan era in Washington, Kemp was notable for being willing to work alongside Democrats if it helped advance his ideas. He teamed with former Sen. Bill Bradley of New Jersey and former Congressman Richard Gephardt on tax cutting proposals.

By the mid 1980s, the supply-siders had emerged as an outspoken, influential, if not always dominant, voice in the GOP coalition and Kemp's legislative victories on tax policy positioned Kemp as the their favorite son in the 1988 Republican primary.

But Kemp was never able to turn the support he enjoyed among economic conservatives into a governing majority inside a GOP that was becoming increasingly dominated by cultural and religious conservatives. In 1988, vice president George Herbert Walker Bush rolled past Kemp to capture the nomination and was threatened only in his march by televangelist Pat Robertson.

Kemp would not seek the presidency again. But the first President Bush tapped Kemp to be his secretary of housing and urban development, a position from which Kemp tried to make inroads for the GOP with African American voters, to little avail. Unusually candid at times, Kemp was more willing than other politicians to acknowledge his party's weaknesses.

In 1996, another longtime rival, Kansas Senator Robert Dole, tapped Kemp to be his running mate in his quest for the White House against incumbent President Bill Clinton. Dole was hoping to unify his divided party by choosing the supply sider to round out the ticket. "Get me the quarterback," Dole told his campaign manager, Scott Reed, in a move that surprised many in the party. The former Buffalo Bills quarterback was never an easy political partner. During the Dole campaign, Kemp sometimes performed as if he was at the top of the ticket.