Chapter #27: IdentificationsRichard Olneyserved as both United States Attorney General and Secretary of State under President Grover Cleveland. He used injunctions against striking workers in the Pullman strike and also raised the status of America in the world by elevating U.S. diplomatic posts to the status of embassy.Alfred Thayer Mahan wrote a book called The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, which said that the key to a nation's power is through naval power.Valeriano Weyler sent by Spain to end revolt in Cuba. He started prison camps where scores of insurrectos died from disease.de Lome Letter Spanish official Dupuy de Lôme wrote a letter which criticized Pres. McKinley. It was published by William Hearst, and made many citizens angry.Emilio Aguinaldo helped United States by leading a group of Filipino insurgents against Spain. He eventually turned against United States. Jingoism is extreme patriotism in the form of aggressive foreign policy. It is when a country uses threatens another country to preserve their ideas.

Teller Amendmentsaid the U.S. would give Cuba its freedom after defeating Spain.

Rough Riders were headed by Col. Leonard Wood, and Roosevelt served as Lt. Col. Despite their name, they fought on foot due to poor planning.Anti-Imperialist League emerged to stop the annexation of Philippines.Foraker Actgave Puerto Rico a limited elected government.Insular cases decided by the Supreme Court that that America's laws and customs did not necessarily extend to the territories.Platt Amendment was an amendment made by government of Cuba which stated that Cuba was not to make any displeasing treaties, invest in too much debt, and give United States the right to intervene if necessary. They also had to give up a coaling station to US.Spheres of Influence.Is a division over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military, or political influence.Philippine Insurrectionwas the revolt of the Filipinos against the United States when they did not receive their freedom.Open Door PolicyStated that all spheres of influence were to be dropped, and China would be open to trade with all countries. It was drafted by Secretary of State John Hays.

Boxer Rebellion Was a movement by the Righteous Harmony Society opposing foreign imperialism and Christianity. Revolt was in response to growing foreign spheres of influence.

Big Stick Policy Roosevelt’s foreign policy. He used it to threaten other countries by means of the military.

Roosevelt Corollary is a corollary to the Monroe Doctrine by Roosevelt in his State of the Union Address in 1904. It states that the United States will intervene in conflicts between European Nations and Latin American countries to enforce claims of the European powers.Portsmouth Conference The Treaty of Portsmouth ended the Russo-Japanese war. Diplomats from both countries came to New Hampshire to come to terms.

Gentlemen’s Agreement is an informal agreement between two or more parties.

Root-Takahira Agreementwas an agreement by United States and Japan. Japan acknowledged the US annexation of Philippines and Hawaii, and US acknowledge Japan’s foreign position in Northern China and cease limitations to Japanese immigration to California.

Chapter #27: IdentificationsAmerica Turns OutwardKnow: Josiah Strong, Alfred Mahan, Richard Olney, British Guiana, Great Rapprochement 1. What factors caused America to turn its attention to the world beyond her borders?Yellow journalism caused many to believe foreign lands as exotic, and many wanted to spread Christianity to other parts of the world. Also, US wanted to build up their power by improving naval forces.Spurning the Hawaiian PearKnow: Queen Liliuokalani2. Why did President Cleveland not want to annex Hawaii?Cleveland did not agree with the way that Hawaii would be annexed after having the whites throw over Queen Liliuokalani to better trade tides with United States.Cubans Rise in RevoltKnow: General Weyler3. What was happening in Cuba that caused Americans to be concerned?The Cuban workers revolted against their Spanish rulers. America became interested because they wanted the European nation back in its own hemisphere, and Cuba was in the way of United States’ dream of building the Panama Canal.Dewey's May Day Victory at ManilaKnow: Teddy Roosevelt, George Dewey 4. Why did Commodore Dewey have such an easy victory over the Spanish fleet at the Philippines?In comparison to United States’ ships, Spain’s were old and outdated. US’s cannons were able to out-shoot Spain’s. The Confused Invasion of CubaKnow: Rough Riders, Teddy Roosevelt, San Juan Hill5. Describe the fighting in Cuba.Fighting was very unprepared. Soldiers were given the wrong materials to combat the hot weather, and many died due to diseases. The US sent ships to Santiago, where blocked Spain’s ships and the army marched into the city. America's Course (Curse?) of EmpireKnow: Anti-Imperialist League 6. What were the arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines?For: America would establish foreign power in the eastern hemisphere, many felt it was their duty to civilize the PhilippinesAgainst: other territories were still in Northern America, and Alaska and Hawaii was less populated than the Philippines.Makers of America: The Puerto Ricans7. How has U.S. citizenship caused Puerto Ricans to be different from other immigrants?Perplexities in Puerto Rico and CubaKnow: Insular Cases, General Leonard Wood, Walter Reed, Platt Amendment, Guantanamo8. Describe American treatment of Cuba after the Spanish-American War.United States, under the Foraker Act, gave Puerto Rico a limited elected government. Supreme Court also made a decision called the Insular Cases which stated that not all American rights applied to territories. Puerto Rico was also forced to make the Platt Amendment.New Horizons in Two Hemispheres9. What were the outcomes of the Spanish-American War?America was regarded with more respect, American prestige rose sharply, and the chasm between North and South narrowed."Little Brown Brothers" in the PhilippinesKnow: William Howard Taft, Benevolent Assimilation10. In what way do the Philippines show the good and bad sides of American imperialism?Philippines wanted freedom, but America made it clear that they wanted to stay indefinitely. They built concentration camps and punished those who revolted. But they also spent millions to improve roads, sanitation, public health, and school systems.Hinging the Open Door in ChinaKnow: Boxer Rebellion11. Was American involvement in China beneficial to China?It was not beneficial. As a result of growing foreign influences, the Chinese revolted and killed foreigners who ruled their cities, and many Chinese Christians were murdered. Also, they were mined 33 million for the uprising.Makers of America: The Filipinos12. Were Filipino immigrants welcomed with open arms in America? Explain.Imperialism or Bryanism in 1900?13. What issues were important in the 1900 election? Imperialism was an important issue. Bryans attacked imperialism, and McKinley critized Bryans saying that it would stop US from flourishing. McKinley won the election.TR: Brandisher of the Big StickKnow: Big Stick, Bully Pulpit14. Give evidence to show that Teddy Roosevelt was an unconventional president?He was the youngest president and brought back power to the President. His policy was to carry a “big stick”.Building the Panama CanalKnow: Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, George Washington Goethals, William C. Gorgas15. Why was the Panama route chosen for the canal?It was brought into the light when French company was not able to create a canal there. Also, Bunau-Varilla was able to drop the prices of the canal significantly. TR's Perversion of Monroe's DoctrineKnow: Roosevelt Corollary, Dominican Republic, Bad Neighbor16. Explain the similarities and differences between the Monroe Doctrine and the Roosevelt Corollary?Both discouraged European intervention, but the Roosevelt Corollary stated that it would intervene in Latin America and collect debts in Europe.Roosevelt on the World StageKnow: Russo-Japanese War, Portsmouth 17. How did Teddy Roosevelt win the Nobel Peace Prize?Roosevelt helped end the war by holding the Portsmouth conference for Russia and Japan. He also mediated a dispute in North Africa at a conference in Spain.Japanese Laborers in CaliforniaKnow: Gentlemen’s Agreement, Great White Fleet18. How did a school board in California act in a way that first hurt and then helped American-Japanese relations?The segregation caused an uproar on both sides of the yellow peril. Roosevelt stepped in and said that the school board would repeal the segregation policy and Japan would halt the emigration of laborers to California.Varying Viewpoints: Why did America Become a World Power?19. What caused America's foray into imperialism? Defend your opinion.