Sample records for yugoslavia north africa

The total area covered by petroleum rights in the six countries described in this paper increased by more than 17% in 1980 compared to 1979. Joint venture agreements were finalized for 19 blocks over 94,000 km/sup 2/ in the Algerian venture. Although official information is scarce for Algeria and Libya, seismic activity probably increased in 1980 compared to 1979. Exploration drilling activity increased with 121 wildcats drilled compared to 93 during the previous year. This effort led to 40 discoveries, a 34.5% success ratio. Chevron was especially successful in wildcatting, with 6 oil discoveries for 8 wells drilled in the interior basins of Sudan. One Moroccan discovery can be considered as a highlight: the BRPM Meskala 101 well in the Essaouira basin found an apparently large amount of gas in Triassic sandstones. This discovery deserves special attention, since the gas has been found in Triassic pays rather than in the usual Jurassic pays in the Essaouira basin. Oil production in NorthAfrica decreased from about 13.5% in 1980, with about 3,405,000 barrels of oil per day compared to 3,939,500 barrels of oil per day in 1979. When oil output strongly decreased in Algeria (-16.4%) and Libya (-15.6%), Tunisian production peaked at 116,287 barrels of oil per day and Egypt production also peaked at 584,148 barrels of oil per day. Total gas production in 1980 strongly declined from 44%, mostly due to the decline of the Algerian gas production. 8 figures, 40 tables.

NorthAfrica`s three main oil producing countries soon will reap benefits of past moves by their governments to encourage investment by international companies. Production of crude oil and natural gas in Algeria, Egypt, and Libya is ready to increase from suppressed levels of the recent past, says International Energy Agency, Paris. The gains are possible despite political risks, total reserves accounting for only 4% of the world`s crude reserves, and oil prices well below levels of the 1980s, when the countries` flow rates peaked. The reason: producing oil in NorthAfrica is profitable. In a recent study entitled NorthAfrica Oil and Gas, IEA attributes the bright production outlook to improvements that the countries` governments have made in the past decade to hydrocarbon laws and the fiscal terms they offer international investors. According to announced plans, the three countries` combined capacity to produce crude oil will rise 18% by the year 2000 to 3.65 million b/d, and a further gain of 700,000 b/d is possible. IEA expects production capacity for natural gas to increase 50% from its 1995 level by 2000 to a combined 139.4 billion cu m/year. This paper discusses production capacities, Algeria`s record, improvements in Egypt, and Libya`s changes.

In the 6 countries covered by this report, the extent of valid petroleum rights, seismic work, and drilling was nearly the same as in 1978. The success rate of wildcat drilling decreased slightly, to 28% (33% in 1978), with 26 oil or gas discoveries. In southwestern Tunisia, the Amoco Sabrina Nord 1 tested 930 bbl of 39/sup 0/ APl oil from Cambrian-Ordovician sandstones - the first oil to come from lower Paleozoic rocks in Tunisia. First commercial oil from Cambrian-Ordovician rocks in western Libya was discovered by Agip A1-NC40 which flowed 1,400 b/d. Highlight of the year in NorthAfrica was in the interior basin of Sudan where the Chevron Abu Gabra 1 tested 900 BOPD of 40/sup 0/ APl oil from Cretaceous rocks; 2 other wells, spudded in late 1979 in the same area, have tested 3,200 and 7,300 b/d, respectively, in early 1980. Discovery well of the interior basin was Chevron Unity 1 which tested small amounts of oil in 1978. Oil production in NorthAfrica in 1979 averaged 3,939,500 b/d compared with 3,802,800 b/d in 1978, an increase of 3.6%.

High temperature solar thermal (HTST) technology offers an attractive option for both industrialized and non-industrialized countries to generate electricity and industrial process steam. The purpose of this report is to assess the potential market for solar thermal applications in the North African countries of Algeria, Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia. NorthAfrica was selected because of its outstanding solar resource base and the variety of applications to be found there. Diminishing oil and gas resources, coupled with expanding energy needs, opens a large potential market for the US industry. The US high temperature solar trough industry has little competition globally and could build a large market in these areas. The US is already familiar with certain solar markets in NorthAfrica due to the supplying of substantial quantities of US-manufactured flat plate collectors to this region.

Licensed oil acreage in the 6 NorthAfrica countries (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan and Tunisia) totaled 1,500,000 km/sup 2/ at the end of 1986, down 290,000 km/sup 2/ from 1985. About 50% of the relinquishments were in Libya. Most oil and gas discoveries were made in Egypt (16 oil and 2 gas). Several oil finds were reported in onshore Libya, and 1 was reported in Algeria in the southeastern Sahara. According to available statistics, development drilling decreased from 1985 levels, except in Tunisia. A 6.3% decline in oil production took place in 1986, falling below the 3 million bbl level (2,912,000 b/d). Only sparse data are released on the gas output in NorthAfrica. 6 figures, 27 tables.

The recovery of international petroleum activity in 1987 was reflected slightly in the 6 NorthAfrica countries covered in this report (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia). Licensed area increased marginally to about 2,594,000 km/sup 2/ (up 0.5% from 1986), whereas surface exploration and drilling decreased significantly (about 30% and 20%, respectively, from 1986 levels). The two OPEC-member countries adhered to imposed quotas, recording somewhat lower production levels in 1987 than in 1986; however, total production of the NorthAfrica countries increased to 3,025,000 BOPD (up 2% from 1986) as Egypt recorded all-time highs for both liquids and natural gas production. 7 figs., 29 tabs.

The NorthAfrica-Middle East petroleum provinces are part of the broad sedimentary platform that occupied the northern and northeastern borders of the African-Arabian craton adjacent to the ancestral Hercynian (late Paleozoic) and subsequent Tethyan-Alpine oceans. Carbonate-clastic-evaporite sediments of infra-Cambrian through Holocene age were cyclically deposited in a relatively continuous belt around the eastern and northern borders of the craton, mainly on a broad, shallow-water platform adjacent to the proto-Tethys and Tethys seaway. The Paleozoic section reaches a substantial thickness in the subsurface of the Middle East and in northern Africa adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea, but all or part of it is absent because of nondeposition or erosion over much of the region. Post-Paleozoic deposition was more or less continuous across the entire craton border region in the Middle East and along the northern border of the Sahara platform in NorthAfrica and in Somalia and eastern Ethiopia. Similar marine and associated sedimentary rock facies are present in all of these regions, although paleotectonic-stratigraphic interrelationships and continental paleolatitude positions have greatly affected petroleum generation and accumulation in the specific provinces along the craton border. A series of regional stratigraphic-sedimentary environment, and continental position, layer maps illustrates the relative influence of these factors through geologic time with respect to the relationship between petroleum reservoirs, source rocks, and confining rock facies.

Petroleum rights in the 6 North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia) covered in this paper were 1,839,817 km/sup 2/ at the end of 1985, a decrease of 3% from the 1,896,446 km/sup 2/ held at the end of 1984. This decrease mainly is due to significant relinquishments made in Algeria, Egypt, and Tunisia. Morocco, however, had an increase of 18,087 km/sup 2/. Oil discoveries were reported in Algeria (possibly 5), Libya (at least 2), and Egypt (16). Only 1 gas find was made (in Morocco). According to sparse information, development drilling may have decreased markedly during 1985. Oil and condensate production increased by 3.1% to approximately 3,054,000 b/d compared to about 2,963,400 b/d in 1984. No statistics are currently available on gas production in NorthAfrica. 8 figures, 27 tables.

Petroleum rights in the 6 North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia) covered in this paper were 1,906,065 km/sup 2/ at the end of 1984, an increase of 4.6% from the 1,821,966 km/sup 2/ in force at the end of 1983. This increase is due to large awards in the Sudan despite significant relinquishments elsewhere. Seismic surveys conducted during 1984 decreased to about 510.5 crew-months onshore and 29.5 crew-months offshore. However, exploration in and off Egypt was higher compared to 1983. Exploratory drilling was lower, with only 125 wells drilled compared to 179 tests completed in 1983. The main decrease was in Egypt and Sudan, but drilling in Libya resulted in 20 more completions. A significant oil discovery was made in the offshore part of the Sirte basin, off southwest Cyrenaica. The success rate in NorthAfrica ranged from 19% to 50% (Libya). Development drilling increased during 1984, as higher activity appears to have taken place in 3 countries. Oil production, with an estimated daily rate of 2,952,570 bbl, was up 2.8% from 1983 (2,871,460 BOPD). In Egypt, 7 fields located in the Gulf of Suez area went on stream during the year. Political unrest, which prevailed in southern Sudan during most of 1984, will likely delay the start-up of production in several fields. No statistics are available on gas production in North African countries.

This dissertation examines the intersection of the modern and the colonial in architecture and culture during the period of Italian colonization of NorthAfrica from 1911 to 1943. Rather than see the colonies as merely a ...

The revised EIA regulations implemented on 3 July 2006 focused attention on the question of EIA effectiveness in South Africa. EIR quality review is one of the quality control functions contributing to EIA effectiveness within any EIA system, therefore the EIR quality review package developed by Lee and Colley was adapted and used to review the quality of a sample of 28 EIRs in the North West province of South Africa. Overall, 86% of the reports achieved satisfactory grades, with the descriptive and presentational elements of the EIRs more satisfactorily addressed, and the analytical components such as impact significance, addressed to a less satisfactory degree. EIR quality appears to be on par with international standards, but there are areas of distinct weakness. Further research is required to optimise quality review, and to reveal whether the new regulations have succeeded in addressing these weaknesses and made positive contributions to EIR quality, as a component of EIA effectiveness in South Africa.

Petroleum rights in the 6 North African countries (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia) covered in this paper were 1,906,065 km/sup 2/ at the end of 1984. An increase of 4.6% from the 1,821,966 km/sup 2/ in force at the end of 1983. This increase is due to large awards in the Sudan despite significant relinquishments elsewhere. Seismic surveys conducted during 1984 decreased to about 510.5 crew-months onshore and 29.5 crew-months offshore. However, exploration in and off Egypt was higher compared to 1983. Exploratory drilling was lower, with only 125 wells drilled compared to 179 tests completed in 1983. The main decrease was in Egypt and Sudan, but drilling in Libya resulted in 20 more completions. A significant oil discovery was made in the offshore part of the Sirte basin, off southwest Cyrenaica. The success rate in North America ranged from 19% to 50% (Libya). Development drilling increased during 1984, as higher activity appears to have taken place in 3 countries. Oil production, with an estimated daily rate of 2,952,570 bbl, was 2.8% from 1983 (2,871,460 BOPD). In Egypt, 7 fields located in the Gulf of Suez area went on stream during the year. Political unrest, which prevailed in southern Sudan during most of 1984, will likely delay the start-up of production in several fields. No statistics are available on gas production in North African countries. 9 figures, 27 tables.

In the 6 countries covered by this paper, valid petroleum rights at the end of 1981 amounted to 2,024,414 km/sup 2/ or 7% more than at the end of 1980. As far as the rightholding situation is concerned, the main event was the abandonment by Esso of all its rights in Libya. Information on exploration activity remains scarce, but it is estimated that seismic activity increased by 35%. Large air-magnetometry surveys were carried out in Sudan and Egypt. Exploration drilling activity continued to increase, with 169 wells completed versus 115 in 1980. This effort led to 67 oil and gas discoveries, a success rate of about 40% compared with 35% in 1980. All these discoveries were made in established producing provinces. Highly successful results were obtained in the Gulf of Suez with 1 gas and 19 oil discoveries compared with 4 discoveries in 1980. Good success was also obtained by ONAREP, the new Moroccan state company, with 5 gas discoveries out of 11 wells spudded during the year. Chevron continued to find oil in the interior basins of Sudan, and expects commercial production in 1984 from the Unity field, which has reserves estimated at 400 million bbl of oil. Oil production markedly decreased by about 23%, with an average of 2,820,000 BOPD in 1981. Oil output decreased in all the North African countries except Egypt, where it increased 8%. Utilized natural gas production can be estimated at about 2300 MMCFGD. Sonatrach published official figures for gross gas production in 1981 which amounted to 4420 MMCFGD, of which about 2000 MMCFGD were collected and utilized.

Over 30 depositional sequences have been identified in the Paleozoic and lower Mesozoic of the Ghadames basin of eastern Algeria, southern Tunisia, and western Libya. Well logs and lithologic information from more than 500 wells were used to correlate the 30 sequences throughout the basin (total area more than 1 million km{sup 2}). Based on systematic change in the log response of strata in successively younger sequences, five groups of sequences with distinctive characteristics have been identified: Cambro-Ordivician, Upper Silurian-Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian, Carboniferous, and Middle Triassic-Middle Jurassic. Each sequence group is terminated by a major, tectonically enhanced sequence boundary that is immediately overlain (except for the Carboniferous) by a shale-prone interval deposited in response to basin-wide flooding. The four Paleozoic sequence groups were deposited on the Saharan platform, a north facing, clastic-dominated shelf that covered most of NorthAfrica during the Paleozoic. The sequence boundary at the top of the Carboniferous sequence group is one of several Permian-Carboniferous angular unconformities in NorthAfrica related to the Hercynian orogeny. The youngest sequence group (Middle Triassic to Middle Jurassic) is a clastic-evaporite package that onlaps southward onto the top of Paleozoic sequence boundary. The progressive changes from the Cambrian to the Jurassic, in the nature of the Ghadames basin sequences is a reflection of the interplay between basin morphology and tectonics, vegetation, eustasy, climate, and sediment supply.

Using two climate-vegetation model simulations from the Fast Ocean Atmosphere Model (FOAM) and the Community Climate System Model (CCSM, version 2), we investigate vegetation-precipitation feedbacks across NorthAfrica during the mid-Holocene. From mid-Holocene snapshot runs of FOAM and CCSM2, we detect a negative feedback at the annual timescale with our statistical analysis. Using the Monte- Carlo bootstrap method, the annual negative feedback is further confirmed to be significant in both simulations. Additional analysis shows that this negative interaction is partially caused by the competition between evaporation and transpiration in North African grasslands. Furthermore, we find the feedbacks decrease with increasing timescales, and change signs from positive to negative at increasing timescales in FOAM. The proposed mechanism for this sign switch is associated with the different persistent timescales of upper and lower soil water contents, and their interactions with vegetation and atmospheric precipitation.

From field studies in southwest Libya and northwest Saudi Arabia, the facies of the Paleozoic succession of the north African/Arabian stable cratonic margin of Gondwanaland are interpreted as fluvial, estuarine, deltaic, shallow marine, and glacial deposits. The facies of the Saq and Tabuk Formations of Saudi Arabia bear witness to a sedimentary history that is very similar to that of northAfrica, the Saq Formation (Cambrian-Arenig) being equivalent to the Hassaouna Formation of Libya and the Tabuk Formation being subdivided and correlated using well-dated shale members to the following formations: Haouaz (Llanvirn-Llandeilo), Melez-Chograne (Caradoc), Memouniat (Ashgill), Tanezzuft/Acacus (Llandovery-Ludlow), and Tadrart (Gedinnian -Emsian). The Cambrian-Ordovician succession comprises Nubian-type fluvial and estuarine sandstones which pass up to regressive deltaic/shallow marine sequences overlain by Upper Ordovician glacial deposits that lie in deeply incised paleovalleys recorded from Saudi Arabia and northAfrica. The Silurian succession comprises the deposits of a postglacial marine transgression of vast lateral extent and a subsequent regression, the sandstones of which are markedly diachronous. The Lower Devonian succession comprises fining-upward retrogradational deltaic (transgressive) sequences of Nubian-type sandstones (fluvial to shallow marine) which form widespread blanket sandstone bodies. The prospectivity of these strata is well known from Algeria in the west to Jordan in the east, the Llandoverian oil-prone source rocks providing the key to Cambrian-Ordovician and Lower Devonian plays. The significance of underlying paleovalley-fill fluvioglacial sandstones as linear reservoir targets has yet to be fully appreciated.

Tim Judah Yugoslavia is DeaD long live the Yugosphere tim JuDah Good news from the Western Balkans JuDah Good news from the Western Balkans #12;Yugoslavia is Dead . . . Long Live the Yugosphere LSEE happened. In that case how can they react properly? How can we correctly analyse the Western Balkans

Seismic characterization at the regional level requires accurate determination of phases and travel times for many combinations of stations and events. An important consideration in the process is the accuracy of event locations. The LLNL Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Research Program is currently working on data from the Middle East and NorthAfrica, where seismic station coverage is relatively sparse and ``ground truth`` seismic source information is practically nonexistent. In this report the investigator use after shock studies as a source of local ground truth. He evaluates teleseismic location accuracy by comparing hypocenters determined by local networks with those determined teleseismically [e.g. the International Seismological Center (ISC) and the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC)]. Epicentral locations, origin times, and depth determinations of events from three aftershocks studies (Algeria, Armenia, and Iran) and one local network study (Iran) are compared with ISC and NEIC locations for the same events. The key parameter for the ISC locations is the number of observations used in the location determination. For more than 40-50 observations, the agreement rapidly diminishes and ISC locations can differ from local determinations by as much as 80 km or more. Events in Iran show a distinct bias of ISC location errors toward the northeast; events in Armenia and Algeria show no directional bias. This study shows that only events with ISC M{sub b} {gt} 4.4-4.5 or NEIS M{sub b} {gt} 4.7-4. should be used for compiling travel time information from teleseismic bulletins in the Middle East/NorthAfrica region when locations from the NEIC and ISC bulletins are used.

In north-central and northeast Africa, important petroleum accumulations exist in the Sirte basin of Libya, the western Sahara region of Algeria, the Pelagian platform offshore from eastern Tunisia, and in the Western Desert basin, Suez graben, and Nile delta in Egypt. Approximately 55 major fields (> 100 million BOE), of which 15 are giants (> 1 billion BOE), have been found in these provinces. Total estimated ultimate production from existing fields in 60 billion bbl of oil and 100 tcf of gas; estimated undiscovered petroleum resources are 26 billion bbl of oil and 93 tcf of gas. The post-Precambrian sedimentary basins of northAfrica are related to the development of the Sahara platform during at least four main tectonic episodes (the Caledonian, Hercynian, Laramide, and Alpine cycles). The sedimentary cover of the platform, which includes rocks of all geologic systems, ranges from less than 1000 m (3300 ft) in the south to more than 9000 m (30,000 ft) along the Mediterranean coast. Paleozoic rocks are primarily continental and nearshore marine sandstone and shale, which are important reservoir and source rocks for petroleum in the central and western parts of the Sahara platform. Lower Mesozoic rocks were deposited in a continental and restricted marine environment, and contain thick beds of red beds and evaporites, including salt, which are important seals for oil and gas fields. Upper Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks are related to the development of the Mediterranean Tethys geosyncline and are characterized by numerous transgressive-regressive cycles of the Tethyan seaway. Marine carbonate and shale facies are dominant in the Upper Jurassic, Cretaceous, and lower Tertiary section of northern Libya, eastern Tunisia-Pelagian platform, and northern Egypt. Upper Tertiary beds are continental clastics on most of the platform, except near the Mediterranean.

In recent years, LLNL has been developing methods to jointly invert both surface wave dispersion data and teleseismic receiver functions. The technique holds great promise in accurately estimating seismic structure, including important tectonic parameters such as basin thickness, crustal thickness, upper mantle velocity, etc. We proposed applying this method to some recently available data from several Libyan stations, as we believe the technique has not been applied to any stations in Libya. The technique holds the promise of improving our understanding of the crust and upper mantle in Libya and NorthAfrica. We recently requested seismic data from stations GHAR (Gharyan) and MARJ (Al Marj) in Libya for about 20 events. The events were large events at regional distances suitable for making dispersion measurements. An example of waveforms recorded at the two stations from an earthquake in Italy is shown in Figure 1. The paths traverse the Ionian Sea. Notice the slow short period group velocities of the surface waves across the Mediterranean, particularly to the easternmost station MARJ. However, because of data availability, signal-to-noise ratio, etc. we were unable to make measurements for every one of these events at both stations. Figure 2 shows a map of paths for 20 sec Rayleigh waves in the eastern Mediterranean region. Paths measured at the two Libyan stations are shown in green. Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements at 20 sec period are sensitive to velocities in the upper 20 km or so, and reveal sediment thickness, crustal velocity, and crustal thickness. Tomographic inversions reveal the sharp group velocity contrast between regions with deep sedimentary basins and those without. Figure 3, the result of an inversion made before adding the new dispersion measurements, shows slow group velocities in the Black Sea, Adriatic Sea, and Eastern Mediterranean. In general, these features correspond well with the sediment thickness model from Laske, shown in Figure 4. Details in and around the Sirt (Sirte) Basin in northern Libya, however, are poorly defined.

PNNL-16840 Technical and Political Assessment of Peaceful Nuclear Power Program Prospects in North and application of resources towards developing nuclear-generated electricity and nuclear-powered desalination nations have recently expressed interest in developing nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Many

most appropriately be found in Friends? meeting houses, rather than on the shelves of university libraries. Clifford Edmund Bosworth. An Intrepid Scot: William Lithgow of Lanark?s Travels in the Ottoman Lands, NorthAfrica, and Central Europe, 1609... and often alone, visited continental Europe and the Mediter- ranean rim, and upon returning to Britain, published narratives of their ad- ventures. These travelers were not unusual because they traveled?many En- glish and Scots men did so at the time...

The climatic effects of dust aerosols in NorthAfrica have been investigated using the atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) developed at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). The model includes an efficient and physically based radiation parameterization scheme developed specifically for application to clouds and aerosols. Parameterization of the effective ice particle size in association with the aerosol indirect effect based on cloud and aerosol data retrieved from A-Train satellite observations have been employed in the climate model simulations. Offline simulations reveal that the direct solar, IR, and net forcings by dust aerosols generally increase with increasing aerosol optical depth (AOD). When the dust semi-direct effect is included with the presence of ice clouds, positive IR radiative forcing is enhanced, since ice clouds trap substantial IR radiation, while the positive solar forcing with dust aerosols alone has been changed to negative values due to the strong reflection of solar radiation by clouds, indicating that cloud forcing could exceed aerosol forcing. With the aerosol indirect effect, the net cloud forcing is generally reduced for ice water path (IWP) larger than 20 g m-2. The magnitude of the reduction increases with IWP. AGCM simulations show that the reduced ice crystal mean effective size due to the aerosol first indirect effect result in less OLR and net solar flux at the top of the atmosphere over the cloudy area of the NorthAfrica region because ice clouds with smaller size trap more IR radiation and reflect more solar radiation. The precipitation in the same area, however, increases due to the aerosol indirect effect on ice clouds, corresponding to the enhanced convection as indicated by reduced OLR. The increased precipitation seems to be associated with enhanced ice water contents in this region. The 200 mb radiative heating rate shows more cooling with the aerosol indirect effect since greater cooling is produced at the cloud top with smaller ice crystal size. The 500 mb omega indicates strong upward motion, which, together with the increased cooling effect, results in the increased ice water contents. Adding the aerosol direct effect into the model simulation reduces the precipitation in the normal rainfall band over NorthAfrica, where precipitation is shifted to the south and the northeast produced by the absorption of sunlight and the subsequent heating of the air column by dust particles. As a result, rainfall is drawn further inland to the northeast. This study represents the first attempt to quantify the climate impact of aerosol indirect effect using a GCM in connection with A-train satellite data. The parameterization for the aerosol first indirect effect developed in this study can be readily incorporated for application to any other GCMs.

An exceptional number of Middle Eastern and North African nations have recently expressed interest in developing nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. Many of these countries have explored nuclear research in limited ways in the past, but the current focused interest and application of resources towards developing nuclear-generated electricity and nuclear-powered desalination plants is unprecedented. Consequently, questions arise in response to this emerging trend: What instigated this interest? To what end(s) will a nuclear program be applied? Does the country have adequate technical, political, legislative, nonproliferation, and safety infrastructure required for the capability desired? If so, what are the next steps for a country in preparation for a future nuclear program? And if not, what collaboration efforts are possible with the United States or others? This report provides information on the capabilities and interests of 13 countries in the region in nuclear energy programs in light of safety, nonproliferation and security concerns. It also provides information useful for determining potential for offering technical collaboration, financial aid, and/or political support.

In another sense, however, the nuclear age and ballistic missiles long ago created a much smaller world in which the distinctions between global and regional security have been lessened. In an age of weapons of mass destruction, any point on the earth can find itself suddenly at the center of world attention. This makes it all the more important that we understand all of the arms control tools available, including global approaches. In discussing global arms control regimes, I will focus primarily on those that are open to universal membership such as the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) or which have global reach, such as certain export control and supplier regimes. It is important to remember, however, that certain regional, bilateral, and even unilateral arms control measures can have a global impact as well. One need only witness the impact of the Treaty on Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE). Despite its mere {open_quotes}Atlantic to the Urals{close_quotes} focus, the CFE treaty helped change the political and strategic calculations of the entire world. Likewise, the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), with its headquarters in Vienna, is centered on Europe but spreads from Vancouver to Vladivostok (or perhaps we should say from Amchitka to Kamchatka), circumnavigating much of the northern hemisphere when measured the long way around via North America. The political significance of its successes and failures outdistance CSCE`s geographical spread.

1 South Africa Â­ European Union Summit SIDE EVENT ON WATER RESEARCH FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, Department of Biodiversity, University of Limpopo, South Africa Dr. Dominique ROLLIN, CEMAGREF, French Joint, South Africa Dr Mbhuti HLOPHE, Department of Chemistry, North West University, South Africa Prof K

SOUTH AFRICA'S MEERKAT ARRAY THE MEERKAT ARRAY, currently taking shape in South Africa's Karoo) is completed around 2024. Via MeerKAT, South Africa is playing a key role in design and technology developments at the engineering office in Cape Town, and at universities and technology companies across South Africa and Africa

Political instability and corruption is the rule, rather than the exception, in Africa`s main producing regions, but exploration and production prospects there are bright and attractive to foreign operators. The paper discusses exploration, drilling, resource development, and production in Nigeria, Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Angola, Congo, Gabon, and Tunisia. The other countries of Africa are briefly mentioned, i.e., Cameroon, Cote D`Ivoire, South Africa, Sudan, Namibia, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Zaire, Mozambique, Ghana, Niger, and Seychelles.

The authors are prospectively examining the relation between environmental lead exposure and pregnancy outcome in cohorts of women exposed to a wide range of air lead concentrations. Titova Mitrovica, Yugoslavia, is the site of a large lead smelter, refinery, and battery factory. At midpregnancy, 602 women in T. Mitrovica and 900 women in Pristina, a non-lead-exposed control town, were interviewed. Blood was obtained for blood lead (PbB), hemoglobin erythrocyte protoporphyrin, and serum ferritin measurements. Women were seen again at delivery, at which time maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were obtained. While many demographic and social characteristics were similar across the two towns, women in Pristina were more likely to report employment outside the home, cigarette smoking, and alcohol use during pregnancy. As expected, PbB levels were substantially higher in the smelter town. Within T. Mitrovica, distance between the home and the smelter was the most important predictor of PbB at mid-pregnancy and delivery. Husband's employment in the lead industry was associated with a significant increase in maternal PbB levels independent of place of residence. Overall, the placenta was a poor barrier to lead; the relationship between maternal PbB and umbilical cord PbB was linear across a wide range of PbB levels.

(Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, and Swaziland), and a num- ber of very small economies (Cape assistance on issues regarding energy and transport infrastructure. #12;than tropical Africa. They growEnding Africa's Poverty Trap Africa's development crisis is unique. Not only is Africa the poorest

1 NRF Republic of South Africa GDRI Project Groupement de Recherche International International Africa called SACCLAP (Seasonal and Annual trends of Air quality at the South Africa scale and its impact Research Consortium Atmospheric Research in Southern Africa and Indian Ocean (ARSAIO) September 2008 #12

ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AFRICA http://www.royalsocietysa.org.za ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF SOUTH AFRICA and distribution of butterflies in the atlas region (South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland), thereby providing-ordinator of Africa's first butterfly atlas, entitled `The metamorphosis of the butterfly atlas' The Southern African

This country energy profile provides energy and economic information about South Africa. Areas covered include: Economics, demographics, and environment; Energy situation; Energy structure; Energy investment opportunities; Department of Energy (DOE) programs in South Africa; and a listing of International aid to South Africa.

The burgeoning European market for natural gas is expected to create major gas line construction. The potential for NorthAfrica looks particularly promising in 1991. Italy's ENI has proposed a 6,000-km (3,728-mi) gas network in NorthAfrica to connect gas-rich Libya and Algeria with Morocco and Mauritania, making large volumes available to the European market. According to the proposal, a gas line would run from the Sirte Basin in Libya west to Mauritania. Extending the line eastward through Egypt and on to the Arabian Peninsula would provide export access. In this paper initial studies are examine reserve projections for the next 20 years, then based on results, a transmission/distribution network will be designed, including an offshore gathering system.

Michigan State University Cooperation with South Africa: Forty Years of Partnerships African President of South Africa 1994-1999 #12;ii Michigan State University Cooperation with South Africa Table of Contents Introduction: Michigan and MSU Engagement in Africa and South Africa The Beginnings

People, Protected Areas and Global Change: Participatory Conservation in Latin America, Africa://www.north-south.unibe.ch/ "People, Protected Areas, and Global Change is an important contribution to the literature on protected areas (PAs) and the political ecology of natural resource man- agement and conservation. It provides

It is reported that Agtec together with South Africa's Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, is investigating the possibility of large-scale production of guayule. The rubber-yielding shrub grows in semi-arid climates and may be the source of a $35-million natural rubber industry in South Africa.

Petroleum rights in the 6 countries (Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sudan, and Tunisia) covered by this paper amounted to 1,821,966 km/sup 2/ at the end of 1983, an 11% decrease from the 2,044,851 km/sup 2/ at the end of 1982. This decrease is mostly due to relinquishments in Sudan. Onshore seismic activity decreased in all countries except Sudan, where it slightly increased. Marine seismic activity increased by 85%, mostly due to significant efforts in Morocco and Egypt. Exploration drilling activity increased with 179 wildcats completed in 1983 compared to 166 in 1982. The success rate was 44.7% compared to 36% in 1982. No discoveries were made in Morocco. No new hydrocarbon province was discovered in 1983. Development drilling sharply increased in Egypt and remained at about the same levels in the other countries as in 1982. In Sudan, Chevron started in late September the first development drilling operations in Unity field. Oil production, with a daily average of 2,872,000 bbl, was at the same level as in 1982. In Egypt, 7 new fields went on-stream in the Gulf of Suez, 2 in the Western Desert, and 1 in the Eastern Desert. One field was put on-stream in Libya and 4 in Tunisia. Utilized gas production probably remained at the same level as in 1982 (2000 mmcf/day). 9 figures, 28 tables.

). Governments in countries such as Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda are co-operating closely with America almost 2,000 troops in the Combined Joint Task Force Horn of Africa, based in Panos Page 1 of 6Economist

This study uses a century length pre-industrial climate simulation by the Community Earth System Model (CESM 1.0) to explore statistical relationships between dust, clouds and atmospheric circulation, and to suggest a dynamical, rather than microphysical, mechanism linking subtropical North Atlantic lower tropospheric cloud cover with North African dust transport. The length of the run allows us to account for interannual variability of dust emissions and transport downstream of NorthAfrica in the model. CESM’s mean climatology and probability distribution of aerosol optical depth in this region agrees well with available AERONET observations. In addition, CESM shows strong seasonal cycles of dust burden and lower tropospheric cloud fraction, with maximum values occurring during boreal summer, when a strong correlation between these two variables exists downstream of NorthAfrica over the subtropical North Atlantic. Calculations of Estimated Inversion Strength (EIS) and composites of EIS on high and low downstream NorthAfrica dust months during boreal summer reveal that dust is likely increasing inversion strength over this region due to both solar absorption and reflection. We find no evidence for a microphysical link between dust and lower tropospheric clouds in this region. These results yield new insight over an extensive period of time into the complex relationship between North African dust and lower tropospheric clouds over the open ocean, which has previously been hindered by spatiotemporal constraints of observations. Our findings lay a framework for future analyses using sub-monthly data over regions with different underlying dynamics.

The authors report on pipeline development activities in Africa. They discuss how a growing European market for gas has increased potential pipeline construction in Africa, especially for Algeria, Egypt, and Libya.

DEA COOPENER Development and Energy in Africa Contract no. EIE/04/201/s07.43094 DEA Development and Energy in Africa Intelligent Energy ­ Europe (IEE) Type of action: COOPENER Key action: VKA11 is part of the COOPENER project "Development and Energy in Africa (DEA)" initiated on 1 May 2005

22 July 2014 Cape Town, South Africa 20 years of democracy in SA, 25 years since the fall Social Sciences Building, Upper Campus The Delegation of the European Union to South Africa, as part of its EU Inspiring Thinkers Series, along with the German Embassy in South Africa and the University

SCIENCE RESEARCH POLICY IN SOUTH AFRICA George F R Ellis A DISCUSSION DOCUMENT for the Royal Society of South Africa February 14, 2001 #12;i Preface This science policy discussion document has been written by Prof G F R Ellis (University of Cape Town) on behalf of the Royal Society of South Africa

Major LPG projects planned or under way in Africa will increase the importance of that region`s presence in world LPG trade. Supplies will nearly double between 1995 and 2005, at which time they will remain steady for at least 10 years. At the same time that exports are leveling, however, increasing domestic demand for PG is likely to reduce export-market participation by Algeria, Nigeria, Egypt, and Libya. The growth of Africa`s participation in world LPG supply is reflected in comparisons for the next 15--20 years. Total world supply of LPG in 1995 was about 165 million metric tons (tonnes), of which Africans share was 7.8 million tonnes. By 2000, world supply will grow to slightly more than 200 million tonnes, with Africa`s share expected to increase to 13.2 million tonnes (6.6%). And by 2005, world LPG supply will reach nearly 230 million tonnes; Africa`s overall supply volumes by that year will be nearly 16.2 million tonnes (7%). World LPG supply for export in 1995 was on order of 44 million tonnes with Africa supply about 4 million tonnes (9%). By 2005, world export volumes of LPG will reach nearly 70 million tonnes; Africa`s share will have grown by nearly 10 million tonnes (14.3%).

IOL: Africa's big plans for biofuel Africa's big plans for biofuel By Clare Byrne Visitors to Madagascar, Senegal to South Africa, biofuels is the buzzword as African countries wake up to the possibility of using their vast spaces to grow crops that reduce their fossil fuel bill. Biofuels also carry

Location and Institution SOUTH AFRICA - PRETORIA FORDHAM UNIVERSITY - UBUNTU demographics, and South Africa. Students will also take a required module in Sociology holders need a student visa to enter and study in South Africa, which must

SPRING 2012 STUDY ABROAD in CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA Want to find out studying the multiple concerns facing South Africa as it strives to become one. Take three academically engaging courses: The History & Politics of South Africa

in North America, Australia, and New Zealand (Merriam, Caffarella, & Baumgartner, 2007). The term non- Western refers to the othering of societies, cultures, and geographic regions that do not fit into the Western paradigm, for example Africa, Asia... ........................................... 22 Table 4 Key Features of Studies of Western NGO Educational Programs in Non- Western Contexts .............................................................................................. 31 Table 5 Key Features of Studies of National...

Embassy of France in South Africa PhD and Research Grants 2012 - 2013 The French Embassy bursary in South Africa - Supporting letter from supervisor in France To request application forms or any for South African researchers towards French institutions of higher education. The programme offers

The Rothschild South Africa Foundation Scholarships The Rothschild Group has been at the centre, Rebekah Naidoo, Mandisa Mabunda, Londiwe Mahlambi Rothschild (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd is an Authorised FSP should Be a South African citizen Be a third year Commerce student, intending to study an honours or PGD

United Nations Climate Change Conference Durban, South Africa 2011 COP17/CMP7 #12; The Conferences presents a unique opportunity for South Africa to promote and publicly initiate the transition to a green, President of South Africa Maite Nkoana-Mashabane, Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Africa President

You are invited to the 8th Annual Africa Institute of South Africa's (AISA) Young Graduates, Botswana, Belgium, Kenya, and South Africa. The participants are from multidisciplinary backgrounds. Key Institute of South Africa's (AISA) Young Graduates and Scholars Conference (AYGS) University of Johannesburg

Inaugural IEEE PES 2005 Conference and Exposition in Africa Durban, South Africa, 11-15 July 2005 in the U.S., Canada, South Africa, Brazil, Venezuela, Russia, Korea, India and Japan. Also briefly, South Africa, South Korea, and India, and two lines in the 1000-1200 kV range in Russia and Japan

Although Africa has experienced 10 times less hydrocarbon exploration than Western Europe, its proved gas reserves already amount to 220-223 trillion CF or 7% of world reserves, while Europe holds 6% or 167 TCF. Yet Africa marketed only 1.3 TCF in 1982 against Europe's 6.5 TCF. Because of the lack of domestic demand for gas, Africa flares up to 21% of its gas output. Algeria is the continent's primary gas consumer, with Egypt, Libya, and Nigeria trying to expand local gas markets. The vast majority of marketed African gas goes to Europe, either as gas sent through the Trans-Med pipeline or as LNG via tanker.

Nonmarine to paralic detrital deposits accumulated in six large basins between Algeria and the Arabo-Nubian shield during major regression in latest Jurassic and Early Cretaceous time. The Ghadames Sirte (north-central Libya), and Northern (Egypt) basins lay along the cratonic margin of northeastern Africa. The Murzuk, Kufra, and Southern (Egypt) basins lay in the south within the craton. Data for reconstructing distribution, facies, and thickness of relevant sequences are adequate for the three northern basins only. High detrital influx near the end of Jurassic time and in mid-Cretaceous time produced regressive nubian facies composed largely of low-sinuosity stream and fahdelta deposits. In the west and southwest the Ghadames, Murzuk, and Kufra basins were filled with a few hundred meters of detritus after long-continued earlier Mesozoic aggradation. In northern Egypt the regressive sequence succeeded earlier Mesozoic marine sedimentation; in the Sirte and Southern basins correlative deposits accumulated on Precambrian and Variscan terranes after earlier Mesozoic uplift and erosion. Waning of detrital influx into southern Tunisia and adjacent Libya in the west and into Israel in the east initiated an Albian to early Cenomanian transgression of Tethys. By late Cenomanian time it had flooded the entire cratonic margin, and spread southward into the Murzuk and Southern basins, as well as onto the Arabo-Nubian shield. Latest Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous, mid-Cretaceous, and Late Cretaceous transgressions across northeastern Africa recorded in these sequences may reflect worldwide eustatic sea-level rises. In contrast, renewed large supply of detritus during each regression and a comparable subsidence history of intracratonic and marginal basins imply regional tectonic control. 6 figures.

This report summarizes the data analysis achieved during Heather Bedle's eleven-week Technical Scholar internship at Lawrence Livermore National Labs during the early summer 2006. The work completed during this internship resulted in constraints on the crustal and upper mantle S-velocity structure in Northern Africa, the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and Europe, through the fitting of regional waveform data. This data extends current raypath coverage and will be included in a joint inversion along with data from surface wave group velocity measurements, S and P teleseismic arrival time data, and receiver function data to create an improved velocity model of the upper mantle in this region. The tectonic structure of the North African/Mediterranean/Europe/Middle Eastern study region is extremely heterogeneous. This region consists of, among others, stable cratons and platforms such as the West Africa Craton, and Baltica in Northern Europe; oceanic subduction zones throughout the Mediterranean Sea where the African and Eurasian plate collide; regions of continental collision as the Arabian Plate moves northward into the Turkish Plate; and rifting in the Red Sea, separating the Arabian and Nubian shields. With such diverse tectonic structures, many of the waveforms were difficult to fit. This is not unexpected as the waveforms are fit using an averaged structure. In many cases the raypaths encounter several tectonic features, complicating the waveform, and making it hard for the software to converge on a 1D average structure. Overall, the quality of the waveform data was average, with roughly 30% of the waveforms being discarded due to excessive noise that interfered with the frequency ranges of interest. An inversion for the 3D S-velocity structure of this region was also performed following the methodology of Partitioned Waveform Inversion (Nolet, 1990; Van der Lee and Nolet, 1997). The addition of the newly fit waveforms drastically extends the range of the model. The model now extends as far east in Africa to cover Chad and Niger, and reaches south to cover Zambia. The model is also stretched eastward to cover the eastern half of India, and northward to cover the southern portion of Scandinavia.

HealtH researcH in soutH africa the africa centre for Health and Population studies investigating the health problems that affect south africa, africa and the rest of the world UKZN (Durban) Â· Â· Agincourt Centre Â· Wellcome Trust-funded research in South Africa SOUTH AFRICA #12;Wellcome Trust | Health research

International Energy Agency Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 #12;4 Central North Sea ­ CO2 Storage Hub within the UK and EU. CCS development zones can also attract new energy intensive industries to locate of intermittency which is inevitable with wind power, thereby helping to address the need for energy security

) 2.602 The University of Texas at Dallas 800 West Campbell Road Ricahrdson, Texas 75080 For moreNorth Texas Undergraduate Psychology Research Conference The North Texas Undergraduate Psychology, you will present to faculty, students, and members of the community in the north Texas area

I 188 RESILIENCE IN HOME-BASED CAREGIVERS IN LIMPOPO, SOUTH AFRICA Theresa M. Mieh, McNair Scholar-based caregivers (HBCs) in Limpopo South Africa. The PEN-3 model is used to investigate cultural influences on care cultures. Data were gathered from participants' responses in 4 focus group interviews held in South Africa

Ganoderma in South Africa Article prepared by Dr Martin Coetzee Ganoderma is a genus of wood-wide. In South Africa, a number of Ganoderma species have been reported from various indigenous and introduced linked with this disease in South Africa are G. lucidum and G. applinatum. It is known, however

An early date for cattle from Namaqualand, South Africa: implications for the origins of herding did cattle come to South Africa? Radiocarbon dates on a newly found cow horn indicates a time, the authors favour immigrants moving along a western route through Namibia. Keywords: South Africa

Teachers Study in South Africa and Lesotho A Curriculum Development Project Integrating Visual Arts about the cultures and history of the Basotho people of southern Africa Participate in seminars-Hays award, graduate credit and/or CEUs Visit non-malarial and low risk areas in southern Africa and enjoy

of South Africa. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those Europe, and the less likely it will be in Central and South Asia or Sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, weEconomic Research Southern Africa (ERSA) is a research programme funded by the National Treasury

Energy must be seen in interaction with transportation and industry in order for its role in South-Central Africa to be fully understood. All three—energy, industry, and transportation—are themselves always socialized and ...

are strongly committed to documenting, preserving, and making accessible the continent's cultural heritage and historical record. Africa's historic and living cultures are rich and very diverse-- from immovable historic' identifying their cultural heritage. Safeguarding and making accessible the artifacts, oral histories

The Economic Impact of The Coca-Cola System on South Africa Prepared by Division of Research March 2005 SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH AFRICA #12;The Economic Impact of The Coca-Cola System on South Africa-Cola system's economic impact on South Africa. Conducted during 2003-04, the study represents a wide

Africa Supported by the Department of Trade and Industry of South Africa (the dti), the French Development Agency (AFD), and the French Embassy in South Africa, with the French Institute of South Africa Development Economics APORDE) will be held in Johannesburg (South Africa) from the 5th to the 19th of May 2011

1 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNEMPLOMENT AND EARNINGS INEQUALITY IN SOUTH AFRICA FIONA TREGENNA Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge ABSTRACT Unemployment and earnings inequality have moved closely together in South Africa... in recent years, suggesting that there may not be a trade-off between them as the literature generally suggests. This article explores the relationship between unemployment and earnings inequality in South Africa, specifically investigating the extent...

milestone in terms of ensuring sustainable plantation forestry in South Africa was safe to release in South Africa as a biological control agent. The release strategy for C. noackae in South Africa must still be finalized. But

Population structure of the fungal pathogen Holocryphia eucalypti in Australia and South Africa, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. B Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa. C School of Biological Sciences

of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 South Africa. 2 School of Botany and Zoology, The Australian NationalEcology of Wahlberg's velvet gecko, Homopholis wahlbergii, in southern Africa § Martin J. Whiting1%) of the lizards examined contained prey items, suggesting that most individuals were not in positive energy

Interannual variability of photosynthesis across Africa and its attribution Christopher A. Williams of photosynthesis across the African continent during the period 1982­2003. Acute soil water stress emerges as the primary factor driving interannual variability of photosynthesis for most of Africa. Southern savannas

1 CANADA-SOUTHERN AFRICA MIGRATION SURVEY INFORMATION What is SAMP? SAMP is the Southern African people in Canada and in Africa? SAMP recently launched a new migration project, The Diaspora Project come to Canada and do they ever think of going back? What kind of education individuals have obtained

The report provides a status of the development of LNG Import Terminal projects in North America, and includes 1-2 page profiles of 63 LNG projects in North America which are either in operation, under construction, or under development. For each project, the sourcebook provides information on the following elements: project description, project ownership, project status, projected operation date, storage capacity, sendout capacity, and pipeline interconnection.

Investigation of the North Brazil Current retroflection and North Equatorial Countercurrent to investigate the temporal and spatial variability of the North Brazil Current (NBC) retroflection and the North Brazil Current retroflection and North Equatorial Countercurrent variability, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L

VoIP Deregulation In South Africa: Implications for Underserviced Areas Marshini Chetty a marshiniDept of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa cPolicy Associate, Bridges.org, South Africa Protocol (VoIP) in South Africa. Previously, VoIP could only be utilised by the incumbent

Incomes in South Africa since the fall of Apartheid by Murray Leibbrandt University of Cape Town in South Africa between 1995 and 2000. We document substantial declines--on the order of 40%--in real Africa #12;Incomes in South Africa since the fall of Apartheid Murray Leibbrandt University of Cape Town

facilitate development and spur economic growth in the West African region by attracting foreign investors, residential, commercial, and industrial development along its corridor. With an integrated interstate highway system in West Africa, it is expected... infrastructure so that it becomes the catalyst for Africa’s growth. The regionally integrated corridor approach offers prospects for speedier integration of infrastructure systems in Africa. The vision and ultimate objective for Africa should be to create a...

Adoption of information and communication technologies and access to the Internet is expanding in Africa, but because of the rapid growth elsewhere, a Digital Divide between Africa and the rest of the world exists, and the gap is growing. In many sub-Saharan African countries, education and research sector suffers some of the worst deficiencies in access to the Internet, despite progress in development of NRENs - National Research and Education (cyber) Networks. By contrast, it is widely acknowledged in policy statements from the African Union, the UN, and others that strength in this very sector provides the key to meeting and sustaining Millennium Development Goals. Developed countries with effective cyber-capabilities proclaim the benefits to rich and poor alike arising from the Information Revolution. This is but a dream for many scientists in African institutions. As the world of science becomes increasingly Internet-dependent, so they become increasingly isolated. eGY-Africa is a bottom-up initiative by African scientists and their collaborators to try to reduce this Digital Divide by a campaign of advocacy for better institutional facilities. Four approaches are being taken. The present status of Internet services, problems, and plans are being mapped via a combination of direct measurement of Internet performance (the PingER Project) and a questionnaire-based survey. Information is being gathered on policy statements and initiatives aimed at reducing the Digital Divide, which can be used for arguing the case for better Internet facilities. Groups of concerned scientists are being formed at the national, regional levels in Africa, building on existing networks as much as possible. Opinion in the international science community is being mobilized. Finally, and perhaps most important of all, eGY-Africa is seeking to engage with the many other programs, initiatives, and bodies that share the goal of reducing the Digital Divide - either as a direct policy objective, or indirectly as a means to an end, such as the development of an indigenous capability in science and technology for national development. The expectation is that informed opinion from the scientific community at the institutional, national, and international levels can be used to influence the decision makers and donors who are in a position to deliver better Internet capabilities.

It is the intent of this thesis to investigate an alternative strategy for design and implementation of low cost housing in South Africa. For this purpose a site is chosen and a design strategy is formulated. The core ...

For a rapidly developing country, South Africa has relatively very low levels of entrepreneurship. This thesis will investigate the reasons for the anemic number of new ventures and, most specifically, tries to address one ...

presents Sustainable Fishing in West Africa: Combating Piracy and Poverty an Evening with Mariah to help combat the poverty, piracy, and corruption. About the Speaker: Mariah Boyle is an alumna of MLML

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate how sacred forests in Benin, West Africa, contribute to forest conservation. Local use of natural resources is well-practiced in maintaining wooded space; the same use of those ...

The region of eastern and southern Africa is very diverse in environments and agronomic practices. The region has one of the highest per capita consumption of maize (Zea mays. L), which is predominantly produced by smallholder ...

The countries of Sub-Saharan Africa remain among the globe's least developed and most food insecure nations. Policymakers argue that the answers to increased agricultural productivity and financial growth lie in the adoption ...

The history of southern Africa involved interactions between indigenous hunter–gatherers and a range of populations that moved into the region. Here we use genome-wide genetic data to show that there are at least two ...

Prince Edward Is (South Africa) - Boonzaier et al. 95 a brieF history oF Fishing in the Prince edward islands, south aFrica, 1950Â­20101 Lisa Boonzaier, Sarah Harper, Dirk Zeller, and Daniel Pauly Sea.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca abstract To reconstruct the catch history in the waters of the Prince Edward Islands (South Africa) from

Rothschild South Africa Foundation Scholarship Â­ 2015 To be considered for the Rothschild South as confidential and will only be shared with the Rothschild South Africa Foundation 1. Please tell us about Africa Foundation Scholarship for 2015, please fill in your details and provide brief answers to the five

Republic of South Africa Constitution Act 110 of 1983 ACT To introduce a new constitution for the Republic of South Africa and to provide for matters incidental thereto. (English text signed by the State; and ARE DESIROUS OF GIVING THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA A CONSTITUTION which provides for elected and responsible

sourced steam coal burnt in power plants in the northeastern portion of the United States. As coal mining of electrical power from Canada appears to have little impact on the production of steam coal in VirginiaNorth American Cross-Border Electricity Trade Ian M. Loomis Virginia Center for Coal and Energy

Livingston Campus North and South Tower General Instructions: · Print directions and name.7 miles). Continue on Route 18 North. · Follow the signs for Towers move in. From Garden State Parkway the Raritan River (approximately 3.7 miles). Continue on Route 18 North. · Follow the signs for Towers move in

This paper summarizes the drilling and exploration activity of the oil and gas industries of Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Congo, Angola, and South Africa. Information is provided on current and predicted trends in well drilling activities (both onshore and offshore), numbers of new wells, footage information, production statistics and what fields accounted for this production, and planned new exploration activities. The paper also describes the current status of government policies and political problems affecting the oil and gas industry.

. Items CANNOT be accepted from Cuba, North Korea, Libya, Iraq, Iran, Myanmar, Sudan and former Yugoslavia in these countries in US dollars. Items CANNOT be accepted from Cuba, North Korea, Libya, Iraq, Iran, Myanmar, Sudan

Couth, R. [CRECHE, Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041 (South Africa); Trois, C., E-mail: troisc@ukzn.ac.za [CRECHE, Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041 (South Africa)

2012-11-15T23:59:59.000Z

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This is a compendium on GHG reductions via improved waste strategies in Africa. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This note provides a strategic framework for Local Authorities in Africa. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Assists LAs to select Zero Waste scenarios and achieve sustained GHG reduction. - Abstract: Only few Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects (traditionally focussed on landfill gas combustion) have been registered in Africa if compared to similar developing countries. The waste hierarchy adopted by many African countries clearly shows that waste recycling and composting projects are generally the most sustainable. This paper undertakes a sustainability assessment for practical waste treatment and disposal scenarios for Africa and makes recommendations for consideration. The appraisal in this paper demonstrates that mechanical biological treatment of waste becomes more financially attractive if established through the CDM process. Waste will continue to be dumped in Africa with increasing greenhouse gas emissions produced, unless industrialised countries (Annex 1) fund carbon emission reduction schemes through a replacement to the Kyoto Protocol. Such a replacement should calculate all of the direct and indirect carbon emission savings and seek to promote public-private partnerships through a concerted support of the informal sector.

In April and May 1990, Shell Petroleum Development Co. of Nigeria Ltd. awarded Noble Drilling West Africa Inc. four separate contracts to drill oil and gas wells in the inland waterways of Nigeria. The contracted rigs included a shallow water jack up, the NN-1, and three posted barges, the Gene Rosser, the Chuck Syring, and the Lewis Dugger. The jack up was built in 1978, and the three posted barges are 1980s vintage. Three of the rigs have been idle for a number of years. The Shell Nigeria contracts required major modifications to the rigs before putting them into international service. Noble replaced or refurbished all major pieces of equipment in the drilling, power, and service systems on the rigs. Rig crews serviced all other equipment. A significant amount of general service piping and electrical wiring was replaced. Each rig also required additional motor control centers to support the new drilling and mud processing equipment. Alfa-Laval waste-heat water desalination plants and new sewage treatment units were installed on all four rigs. Because of the tidal variances and high silt conditions expected in the African waterways, all engine cooling systems were converted from heat exchangers to radiators. Rotary tables were made common on all rigs at 37 1/2 in. Noble had all traveling equipment completely inspected and modified as necessary. Strict attention was paid to certification and documentation of all equipment. Safety upgrades conformed to both Shell and Noble standards. Fire and gas detection systems were installed throughout each rig. Water and foam deluge systems were installed in the wellhead areas, and new foam systems and monitors were installed on the helldecks.

South African National Biodiversity Institute and University of Cape Town (South Africa from designated groups in terms of South Africa's employment equity targets will have preference) Postdoctoral Fellow (1position) (Two year Contract) The South African National Biodiversity Institute

This Record of Study presents the development of infrastructure asset management software solutions for municipalities in South Africa. The study was performed within a multidisciplinary engineering consulting company in South Africa...

. Examples are countries like South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria and Angola. A driving factor has been Brazilian, ABB, Head of Public Affairs - Sweden and Northern Europe Region "Sun-energy project Sub Saharan Africa

NorthAfrica, including Sinai, contains some of the most important hydrocarbon-producing basins in the world. The North African Symposium is devoted to examining the exploration potential of the North African margin in light of the most recent and promising exploration discoveries. The geologic variety of the region is extraordinary and can challenge any exploration philosophy. Of primary interest are the Sirte basin of Libya, which has produced several billion barrels of oil, and the Gulf of Suez, a narrow, evaporite-capped trough with five fields that will produce more than 5 billion bbl. Both are extensional basins with minimal lateral movement and with good source rocks in direct proximity to reservoirs. Structural models of these basins give firm leads for future exploration. More difficult to evaluate are the Tethyan realm basins of the northern Sinai, and the Western Desert of Egypt, the Cyrenaican Platform of Libya, and the Tunisia-Sicily shelf area, where there are only limited subsurface data. These basins are extensional in origin also, but have been influenced by lateral tectonics. Favorable reservoirs exist, but source rocks have been a problem locally. Structural models with strong stratigraphic response offer several favorable play concepts. The Paleozoic Ghadames basin in Libya, Tunisia, and Algeria has the least complex structural history, and production appears to be limited to small structures. A series of stratigraphic models indicates additional areas with exploration potential. The Paleozoic megabasin of Morocco, with its downfaulted Triassic grabens, remains an untested but attractive area.

2nd Edition Nov. 2011 CampusFrance South Africa Newsletter Table of contents : o Current Bursary offered by the French Embassy aim to respond to South Africa and Lesotho's need to train and equip French per country) for Honours and Masters students from South Korea, Mexico, India, USA, South Africa

International Sirex Symposium, Pretoria, South Africa 9-16 May 2007 Page 43 THE THREAT OF SIREX NOCTILIO AND OTHER ALIEN INVASIVE SPECIES IN AFRICA Clement Chilima FISNA Secretariat, Forestry Research the threat of alien invasive species to forest resources in Africa and the weak capacity of most African

Learn more about the summer course which includes a 3 week trip to South Africa. The program an introduction to the historical and the con- temporary South Africa as well as at least one post trip meeting@binghamton.edu or Josephine Allen at jaallen@binghamton.edu. Destination South Africa - Summer Course 2012 February 28th

, the Netherlands and South Africa By Gerhard van der Schyff Supervisor: prof. dr. Paul Cliteur Although fast and South Africa. These systems provide fertile ground for comparison, as they present a spectrum judicial review. Clearly, a very measured approach to bipolar constitutionalism. South Africa inhabits

11th SAI Study Tour to South Africa "Cultural Immersion and Transformational Learning" The Rutgers Graduate School of Education offers a unique 3-credit summer experience in South Africa; its schools and rural townships located in the Gauteng and Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Among the planned

New species of Anthostomella on fynbos, with a key to the genus in South Africa Seonju LEE, South Africa. E-mail : slee@maties.sun.ac.za Received 3 April 2002; accepted 18 November 2002. A study of saprobic fungi occurring on the fynbos of the Western Cape Province of South Africa yielded four unknown

Contextual appraisal of GM cotton diffusion in South Africa Michel Fok1 , Jean-Luc Hofs1 , Marnus Gouse2 , Johann Kirsten2 1 CIRAD, France ; 2 University of Pretoria, South Africa Published in: Life the introduction of GMC and this causes observers to question the so-called success story of GMC in South Africa

History and the Technopolitics of Identity: The Case of Apartheid South Africa* Paul N. Edwards and computers in apartheid South Africa, considering these systems Â­ and apartheid more generally Â­ as forms-apartheid activists, who fought to limit South Africa's access to these systems. We argue that nuclear systems enacted

First report of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearumon eucalypts in South Africa BY T. A of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa. E-mail: Teresa. Coutinho@FABI.up.ac.za; 3 Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Orange Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; 4 Agricultural

, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa *S Supporting Information and fertility constraints in rain- fed smallholder agriculture in South Africa, namely in situ water harvesting significantly increased maize yields by 12% and transpiration by 2% on average across South Africa. In situ

South Africa 1-2 9/11 Arts Project 3 Pine Ridge 4-5 Equine Therapy 6 Emotional Resources 7 Outsider on Carlyle Circle ArtTherapy in South Africa Expanding our Diversity Course by Becky Jacobson, 2nd year South to further introduce art therapy to the people of South Africa. Our group was composed of eleven students

International Sirex Symposium, Pretoria, South Africa 9-16 May 2007 Page 46 PERSPECTIVES of South America. Prior to joining FAO, Gillian worked in Africa for 12 years, including five years ON THE IMPENDING THREAT OF SIREX NOCTILIO TO AFRICA Gillian Allard Forestry Department, Food and Agriculture

Population structure and possible origin of Amylostereum areolatum in South Africa B. Slippers*Â˛, M, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa 0002 The woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, and its symbiotic fungus was first reported from South Africa in 1994. In this study, the population diversity of A. areolatum

Sir -- As 27 April 2004 marks ten years of multiracial democracy in South Africa, it is appropriate, engineering and technology. The strategy rightly notes that, given South Africa's correspondence NATURE|VOL428 of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South

multilateral and bilateral energy relationships with Africa. There are three EU-Africa energy initiativesTHE EU-AFRICA ENERGY COOPERATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUSINESSESD Candidate Energy security, sustainable development and mutual benefits are the three keywords

THE DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT OF DAMS: EVIDENCE FROM CROPLAND PRODUCTIVITY IN AFRICA Eric STROBL Robert of Dams: Evidence from Cropland Productivity in Africa Eric Strobl*, ** Ecole Polytechnique & Robert the distributional impact of major dams on cropland productivity in Africa. As our unit of analysis we use

Biofuels in Africa May Help Achieve Global Goals, Experts Say | Worldwatch Institute Login Contact Us Sign Up for e-mail updates Home » Online Features » e2 - Eye on Earth Biofuels in Africa May for developing biofuels from sugar cane and other crops. Photo by Steve McNicholas Africa can use the biofuels

This report summarizes die research by an Energy Modeling Forum working group on the evolution of the North American natural gas markets between now and 2010. The group's findings are based partly on the results of a set of economic models of the natural gas industry that were run for four scenarios representing significantly different conditions: two oil price scenarios (upper and lower), a smaller total US resource base (low US resource case), and increased potential gas demand for electric generation (high US demand case). Several issues, such as the direction of regulatory policy and the size of the gas resource base, were analyzed separately without the use of models.

This report sunnnarizes the research by an Energy Modeling Forum working group on the evolution of the North American natural gas markets between now and 2010. The group's findings are based partly on the results of a set of economic models of the natural gas industry that were run for four scenarios representing significantly different conditions: two oil price scenarios (upper and lower), a smaller total US resource base (low US resource case), and increased potential gas demand for electric generation (high US demand case). Several issues, such as the direction of regulatory policy and the size of the gas resource base, were analyzed separately without the use of models.

This study was made in response to screen measurements which indicated an emittance growth of nearly a factor of two within the North RTL or linac girder-1. Betatron oscillations are induced at the beginning of the North RTL to search for gross geometric aberrations arising within the RTL or sector-2 of the linac. The oscillations are induced horizontally and vertically with two X or two Y dipole correctors stepped in a nested loop fashion. In both cases the full set of RTL and first girder sector-2 linac beam position monitors (BPMs) are sampled in X and Y for each corrector setting. Horizontal (or vertical) data from pairs of BPMs are then transformed to phase space coordinates by the linear transformation constructed assuming the transport optics between the BPMs is known. A second transformation is then made to normalized phase space coordinates by using Twiss parameters consistent with the assumed transport optics. By careful choice of initial Twiss parameters the initial grid can be made square for convenience in graphical interpretation. A linear grid'' is then fitted to the transformed data points for each pair of BPMs. The area of each grid is calculated and linearity qualitatively evaluated. Furthermore, although not the focus of this study, the beta match at each BPM can be quantified. 6 figs.

MSU at Work in Africa: Food and Agricultural Export Value Chain Development The Challenge Global, and other high-value export products, small- and medium-scale producers have struggled to access these markets. Paving the way for these producers to supply high-value food and agricultural export markets

Diseases of plantation forestry trees in eastern and southern Africa J. Roux a*, G. Meke b , B are being allocated to the training of forestry staff andtreeimprovement.Theseefforts,aimedatstrengtheningthe forestry business, also embrace research on pests and diseases that might significantly reduce the value

Capacity Building on Access to Energy in Africa: Final Report Danish Support to EUEI Facilitation from African partner organisations and individuals Title: Capacity Building on Access to Energy (Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs) Cover: Solar home system installed at house near Chipata, Eastern

and processing of mineral resources, and the local housing construction industry are grossly untapped areas of Africa, excessive extraction of resources, including oil, coal, and natural gas, has resulted Raleigh Barlowe, land by itself creates little value; however, when combined with human, financial

The paper shows recurrence plots obtained from time series of the level variations of four lakes in Africa (Nasser, Tana, Chad and Kainji). The data, coming from remote sensing, are provided by the United States Department of Agriculture. The recurrence plots allow a good visual comparison of the behaviours of local drainage basins.

The paper shows recurrence plots obtained from time series of the level variations of four lakes in Africa (Nasser, Tana, Chad and Kainji). The data, coming from remote sensing, are provided by the United States Department of Agriculture. The recurrence plots allow a good visual comparison of the behaviours of local drainage basins.

and lack of infrastructure for water and sewage systems have contributed to the global burden of waterborne Figure 1. Taken from Water for Life, Making It Happen­WHO/UNICEF 2005 Association between lackMSU at Work in Africa: Safe Water and Environmental Health Issues and Problems Water contamination

Remote Sensing Applications for Sustainable Aquaculture in Africa Joseph E. Quansah1 , Gilbert L of the science with respect to remote sensing applications for aquaculture, including site location, aquaculture for multi-sensor remote sensing deployment to support sustainable fish production in these environments

... stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production since 2004 Countries investing in agriculture in Africa include the United States, UK, Sweden, China

IN TUNISIAN CINEMA KMAR Kchir Bendana What is Tunisian cinema? Or, what do we understand by 'Tunisian' cinema elaborated forms of intellectual, artistic and cultural production; taking the Tunisian cinema as a case mean - although several would suit the present purpose. Among them - ideology as the science of ideas

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The financial/social/institutional sustainability of waste management in Africa is analysed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This note is a compendium of a study on the potential for GHG control via improved zero waste in Africa. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This study provides the framework for Local Authorities for realizing sustained GHG reductions. - Abstract: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per person from urban waste management activities are greater in sub-Saharan African countries than in other developing countries, and are increasing as the population becomes more urbanised. Waste from urban areas across Africa is essentially dumped on the ground and there is little control over the resulting gas emissions. The clean development mechanism (CDM), from the 1997 Kyoto Protocol has been the vehicle to initiate projects to control GHG emissions in Africa. However, very few of these projects have been implemented and properly registered. A much more efficient and cost effective way to control GHG emissions from waste is to stabilise the waste via composting and to use the composted material as a soil improver/organic fertiliser or as a component of growing media. Compost can be produced by open windrow or in-vessel composting plants. This paper shows that passively aerated open windrows constitute an appropriate low-cost option for African countries. However, to provide an usable compost material it is recommended that waste is processed through a materials recovery facility (MRF) before being composted. The paper demonstrates that material and biological treatment (MBT) are viable in Africa where they are funded, e.g. CDM. However, they are unlikely to be instigated unless there is a replacement to the Kyoto Protocol, which ceases for Registration in December 2012.

This document describes the contents of a digital database containing maximum potential aboveground biomass, land use, and estimated biomass and carbon data for 1980 and describes a methodology that may be used to extend this data set to 1990 and beyond based on population and land cover data. The biomass data and carbon estimates are for woody vegetation in Tropical Africa. These data were collected to reduce the uncertainty associated with the possible magnitude of historical releases of carbon from land use change. Tropical Africa is defined here as encompassing 22.7 x 10{sup 6} km{sup 2} of the earth`s land surface and includes those countries that for the most part are located in Tropical Africa. Countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea and in southern Africa (i.e., Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, and Western Sahara) have maximum potential biomass and land cover information but do not have biomass or carbon estimate. The database was developed using the GRID module in the ARC/INFO{sup TM} geographic information system. Source data were obtained from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the U.S. National Geophysical Data Center, and a limited number of biomass-carbon density case studies. These data were used to derive the maximum potential and actual (ca. 1980) aboveground biomass-carbon values at regional and country levels. The land-use data provided were derived from a vegetation map originally produced for the FAO by the International Institute of Vegetation Mapping, Toulouse, France.

into passive or active solar heating as a way of reducing the amount of energy used in their home. In most designed home in North Carolina, whether it is solar or not, should be designed to require a minimum amountPassive Cooling for Your North Carolina Home As energy costs rise, and the public becomes more

The third inventory of North Dakota`s forests reports 44.1 million acres of land, of which 673 thousand acres are forested. This paper contains detailed tables related to area, volume, growth, removals, mortality, and ownership of North Dakota`s forests.

The United States and Canadian NGL/LPG pipeline network became a larger North America system on April 2, 1997 with the opening of the Rio Grande Pipeline, delivering LPG from the United States to Mexico. This North American pipeline system now links three of the world`s largest LPG producing and consuming nations.

DOE ordered North Star Refrigerator Co., Inc. to pay a $8,000 civil penalty after finding North Star Refrigerator had failed to certify that any basic models of walk-in cooler and freezer components comply with the applicable energy conservation standards.

;Executive summary The North Sea Whitefish (NSW) survey sailed on 31 May 2010, fishing operations began on 1North Sea Whitefish Survey: 2010 Prepared by Chris Darby, Danny Normandale, Matthew Parker the first two surveys are encouraging. The NSW recorded a good range of ages for all target species in all

;Executive summary The North Sea Whitefish (NSW) survey sailed on 11 June 2011, fishing operations beganNorth Sea Whitefish Survey: 2011 Prepared by Chris Darby, Danny Normandale, Matthew Parker the three NSW surveys are starting to provide a valuable evaluation of the dynamics of the three target

According to a 2008 report issued by the United States Geological Survey, North Dakota and Montana have an estimated 3.0 to 4.3 billion barrels of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil in an area known as the Bakken Formation. With the size and remoteness of the discovery, the question became 'can a business case be made for increasing refining capacity in North Dakota?' And, if so what is the impact to existing players in the region. To answer the question, a study committee comprised of leaders in the region's petroleum industry were brought together to define the scope of the study, hire a consulting firm and oversee the study. The study committee met frequently to provide input on the findings and modify the course of the study, as needed. The study concluded that the Petroleum Area Defense District II (PADD II) has an oversupply of gasoline. With that in mind, a niche market, naphtha, was identified. Naphtha is used as a diluent used for pipelining the bitumen (heavy crude) from Canada to crude markets. The study predicted there will continue to be an increase in the demand for naphtha through 2030. The study estimated the optimal configuration for the refinery at 34,000 barrels per day (BPD) producing 15,000 BPD of naphtha and a 52 percent refinery charge for jet and diesel yield. The financial modeling assumed the sponsor of a refinery would invest its own capital to pay for construction costs. With this assumption, the internal rate of return is 9.2 percent which is not sufficient to attract traditional investment given the risk factor of the project. With that in mind, those interested in pursuing this niche market will need to identify incentives to improve the rate of return.

Although the emergence of markets for high efficiency off-grid lighting technologies holds promise, realizing the potential of this opportunity on a long-term, sustainable basis requires careful attention to issues of product quality, consumer protection, and the potential for significant 'market spoiling', in anticipation of increases of sales of low cost, low performance off-grid lighting products. The goal of the Lighting Africa quality assurance workshop was to articulate strategies to mitigate the dangers of market spoiling and to explore ways to protect consumers from misleading advertising for sales of inferior, off-grid lighting products in the context of Lighting Africa's overarching objective to support the industry in developing a robust off-grid lighting market in Africa. The workshop resulted in the identification of two strategic approaches for meeting Lighting Africa quality assurance programmatic needs. The first strategy is intended to meet a short-term programmatic need for quality associated with requests for lighting products by bulk procurement agents, such as in a World Bank-financed project. The development of procurement specifications and test procedures that could be used in a quality/usability screening method in order to provide guidance for forthcoming large volume purchases emerged as the best solution to meet this need. Such approaches are used in World Bank-financed solar home systems (SHSs) projects in Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and China, among others. However, unlike the SHSs which have multiple balance-of-system (BOS) components warranting the need for an array of specifications for individual components, stand alone lighting systems require specifications that are amenable to individual light points. To test this approach, Lighting Africa elected to use the technical specifications issued by the Photovoltaic Global Approval Program for solar lanterns that use CFL bulbs (PVRS11A) as the basis of qualifying such products. A contract has been competitively awarded to the Global Approval Program for Photovoltaics (PV GAP) under the Lighting Africa Program to select and test ten solar lantern product models. Lantern selection will be determined based on a number of criteria, among them, the ability to provide a daily duty cycle of at least 3 hours of light, the number of days of autonomy of battery, the volume of sales (especially in Africa), and whether or not the manufacturing facility is ISO 9000 certified. Those that are confirmed as meeting the specifications may be eligible to receive a PVGAP quality seal. The work is being carried out in partnership with the Photovoltaic and Wind Quality Test Center in Beijing, China and TUV Rhineland in Koeln, Germany. As off-grid LED-based stand-alone lighting products is in a nascent stage of development compared to CFL-based lanterns, Lighting Africa will support the development of a 'Quality Screening' approach to selecting LED lighting, in order not to delay consumers benefiting from such advances. The screening methodology could be used by procurement agencies to qualify LED lighting products for bulk or programmatic procurements. The main elements of this work comprises of developing a procurement specification and test procedure for undertaking a 'quick' quality/usability screening to be used for procuring LED lights and to test up to 30 LED-based lights to screen products that meet the requirement. The second strategy is intended to meet a longer-term need associated with creating a self-sustaining product quality assurance program that will effectively protect the African consumer, prevent significant market spoiling, adapt with expected technological advancements over the long-term--in other words, give consumers the ability to detect quality products and the information needed to find products that meet their specific needs from among the myriad of lighting products that become available commercially. Workshop discussions and the discussions evolving from the workshop led the Lighting Africa team to opt for an approach similar to that of th

Climate and Land Use Change Processes in East Africa While some regions of East Africa are being to agriculture. Some members of the Maasai tribe, traditionally a pastoral people, are changing to changes in climate. The land use box will involve further modeling of the effects of these concurrent

This paper summarizes research into waste management activities and carbon emissions from territories in sub-Saharan Africa with the main objective of quantifying emission reductions (ERs) that can be gained through viable improvements to waste management in Africa. It demonstrates that data on waste and carbon emissions is poor and generally inadequate for prediction models. The paper shows that the amount of waste produced and its composition are linked to national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Waste production per person is around half that in developed countries with a mean around 230 kg/hd/yr. Sub-Saharan territories produce waste with a biogenic carbon content of around 56% (+/-25%), which is approximately 40% greater than developed countries. This waste is disposed in uncontrolled dumps that produce large amounts of methane gas. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from waste will rise with increasing urbanization and can only be controlled through funding mechanisms from developed countries.

ESKOM, the government-owned company that generates nearly 95 percent of the power in South Africa, has been facing serious capacity shortages for some time, forcing it to resort to mandatory rationing of major industrial users and occasional outages. A combination of rapid economic growth and chronic underinvestment in infrastructure resulted in the disappearance of a once plentiful capacity surplus. Considerable rate increases and emphasis on conservation are planned.

South Africa has played a leading role in radio astronomy in Africa with the Hartebeesthoek Radio Astronomy Observatory (HartRAO). It continues to make strides with the current seven-dish MeerKAT precursor array (KAT-7), leading to the 64-dish MeerKAT and the giant Square Kilometer Array (SKA), which will be used for transformational radio astronomy research. Ghana, an African partner to the SKA, has been mentored by South Africa over the past six years and will soon emerge in the field of radio astronomy. The country will soon have a science-quality 32m dish converted from a redundant satellite communication antenna. Initially, it will be fitted with 5 GHz and 6.7 GHz receivers to be followed later by a 1.4 - 1.7 GHz receiver. The telescope is being designed for use as a single dish observatory and for participation in the developing African Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Network (AVN) and the European VLBI Network. Ghana is earmarked to host a remote station during a possible SKA Phase 2. The loca...

Regulations ECCN Export Control Classification Number ECO Export Controls Officer ITAR International Traffic in Arms Regulations OFAC Office of Foreign Assets Control (U.S. Department of the Treasury) ORED Office1 ______________________________________________ THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS EXPORT CONTROLS

TO THE IDENTIFICATION GUIDE TO NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS, PART I Dan Froehlich Slate Creek Press #12;AGEING NORTH AMERICAN TO NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS, PART I Dan Froehlich Slate Creek Press Bolinas, California #12;Ageing North by David F. DeSante, Peter Pyle, and Nicole Michel for Slate Creek Press, P.O. Box 219, Bolinas, California

. In some plants which have stable steam consumption we have established small scale power and steam cogeneration. This has improved boilers' efficiencies and utilization of energy. For further reduction oil firing, we have been studying on alternative... ENERGY CONSERVATION IN CHINA NORTH INDUSTRIES CORPORATION Wang Tian You, Chen Hua De, Jing Xing Chu, Ling Rui Fu, China North Industries Corporation Beijing, People's Republic of China ABSTRACT This paper describes an overview of the energy...

road from I-10 at Martin Luther King Boulevard. Zaharias Park has many great attributes, such as 30 acres of open space, which also has the potential to become a Texas A&M University, Spring 2008 Page 15 of 109 BEAUMONT NORTH END... Final Report PLAN 663: APPLIED PLANNING Spring 2008 Texas A&M University Texas A&M University, Spring 2008 Page 1 of 109 BEAUMONT NORTH END REVITALIZATION...

New records of the Cryphonectriaceae from southern Africa including Latruncellus aurorae gen. sp, Latruncellus aurorae gen. sp. nov., is described from Galpinia transvaalica (Lythraceae, Myrtales) in Swazi

of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) in the ENP. Therefore, we calculate the NA and ENP ACE indices by summingCo-variability of tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic and the eastern North Pacific Chunzai; published 30 December 2009. [1] In the Western Hemisphere, tropical cyclones (TCs) can form and develop

Africa can benefit from the experience of other areas in implementing environmental impact assessments (EIAs), but African countries face a greater challenge in achieving this goal due to such problems as inadequate environmental legislation; inappropriate institutional framework for coordination and monitoring government activities; a shortage of qualified manpower, inadequate financial resources; absence of public awareness of the need for EIAs; and lack of suitable screening procedures to determine which development projects require an EIA. Despite these difficulties, African countries can realize short- and long-term benefits from the incorporation of the EIA into their decision-making process.

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directed off Energy.gov. Are you sureReportsofDepartmentSeries | Department ofDepartment of EnergyAfrica

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnual SiteofEvaluatingGroup |JilinLu an Group Jump to:Macquarie EnergyMahindraReforms in Africa |

781 New species of Mycosphaerella occurring on Eucalyptus leaves in Indonesia and Africa P.W. Crous and M.J. Wingfield Ahstract:Although Africa and Indonesia have not been particularly well surveyed Eucalyptus leaves from Indonesia. The former species is of particular interest, because its anamorph

that are associated with such dependence, especially in oil- exporting countries. Chinese investment, however- Saharan Africa to China and investment by Chinese firms in Sub-Saharan Africa. Unlike the `traditional trade, aid and investment, which may create `lock-in' effects. China's trade and investment focus

NORWAY-SOUTH AFRICA RESEARCH PROJECT TPCP/CTHB STUDENTS VISIT NORWAY Recently two masters' students of visiting Norway to work with the Norwegian Forestry Research Institute (Skogforsk) in Ă?s. This opportunity arose from a bilateral agreement between the Governments of Norway and South Africa. For Gilbert

DETERMINATION, CONTROL AND IMPROVEMENT OF AN SKA RADIO ENVIRONMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA By NeĂ«l Smuts1 ABSTRACT South Africa, in its bid to host the SKA2 , has adopted a dual approach to determine, assess Recommendations and Resolutions and South African legal provisions. An overview of this process is provided. Even

Renewable Energy Industry in South Africa: Opportunities for Partnership and Collaboration Renewable Energy in South Africa September 23, 2013 11:30 a.m. ­ 12:30 p.m, Engineering East 303C@fau.edu FAU's Division of Research and Southeast National Marine Renewable Energy Center invite you

resources in the management of soil fertility and land quality and the commercialization and adoption of newFirst Announcement Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Africa: From Microbes to Markets (ISFM management strategies benefiting small-scale agriculture in Africa. This conference assembles the strengths

Power and Poverty: The Dilemma of NGO-Supported Development in Africa from a Danish Perspective of people in Sub-Saharan Africa still lives and dies in poverty. With a public image determined by disasters of the many factors, powers and interests from micro- to mega-level that maintain the poverty and oppression

621 OPEN DISTANCE INTER-UNIVERSITY SYNERGIES BETWEEN EUROPE, AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST (ODISEAME and Middle East) is a project related to the fifth sector of application of the EUMEDIS initiative (Euro AND GOALS OF THE PROJECT ODISEAME (Open Distance Inter-university Synergies between Europe, Africa

621 OPEN DISTANCE INTER-UNIVERSITY SYNERGIES BETWEEN EUROPE, AFRICA AND THE MIDDLE EAST (ODISEAME-university Synergies between Europe, Africa and Middle East) is a project related to the fifth sector of application and the Middle East (ODISEAME). Sixth International Conference on Computer Based Learning in Science, CBLIS 2003

Energy System Development inAfrica: The case of grid and off-grid power inKenya By Katherine Deaton Development inAfrica: The case of grid and off-grid power inKenya Energy System Development inAfrica: The case of grid and off-grid power in Kenya by Katherine Steel Submitted to the Engineering Systems Division

, Grahamstown, South Africa, M.Schafer@ru.ac.za Introduction The aim of this paper and presentation is to shareMathematicsin South Africa for example, sees space and shape within a context of social experiences. One and representexperienceswithshape,space,timeand motion, using all available senses" (Republic of South Africa, 1997). This apparent

1 Towards evaluating the map literacy of planners in 2D maps and 3D models in South Africa, Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Metereology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa 2 GIScience Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Abstract South Africa is faced

A jet streak circulation associated with a low-latitude jet in the Southern Hemisphere over Africa 2007 #12;2 Abstract In the Southern Hemisphere over Africa a mid-tropospheric easterly jet stream exists during some months that is analogous to the African Easterly Jet over West Africa. In this note

NORTH AMERICA By Neil Hotchkiss , Wildlife Research Biologist Patuxent Wildlife Research Center Division kinds grow farther north and south; a few grow in the fresh and brackish waters of coastal bays, rivers

St. AnthonySt. HallDr. KennyDr. DeaneDr. Janet St. Whitman St. Palouse St.Olsen St. Main St. Paradise St. Mc.Valley Rd. Illinois St. To Palouse, Hwy. 27 North Fairway Rd. Round Top Terrace Steptoe Kamiak Valley Road

., may not meet the minimum standards required by the health care reform law for the restrictionsThe University of North Carolina "the Policyholder" System-Wide Student Health Insurance Plan Student Health Insurance Plan (For Students Eligible for the Hard Waiver Plan) S30645NUFIC Plan

DOE’s Western Area Power Administration is preparing this EA to evaluate the environmental impacts of a proposed wind turbine generation facility in Rolette and Towner Counties in North Dakota. If the proposal is implemented, power generated by this facility would interconnect at an existing substation and would be distributed via an existing transmission line owned and operated by Western.

A description is given of the project management organization and the management control systems used for Conoco's Murchison field development in the North Sea. These systems created for Murchison proved largely successful and have been enhanced for use during the Hutton field development. Management concepts are described in the context of the cost control system. 3 refs.

North Dakota State University Postoc ­ Biobased Polymers A postdoctoral position is available in the area of synthesis and characterization of novel biobased thermosetting polymer systems for coatings will include the synthesis of monomers and polymers, preparation of coatings, thermosets, etc., preparation

AST&L University of North Florida Logistics and Supply Chain Management Logistics and distribution skills training to begin and advance your career #12;Certification in Transportation and Logistics Cohort Program The UNF Certification in Transportation and Logistics (CTL) Cohort Program is a jointly sponsored

During the last four heating seasons, implementing SHOPP within the state of North Dakota, telephone surveys were conducted covering samples of between 26 and 30 residential propane dealers. In conducting the SHOPP survey in North Dakota, data collection was limited to residential propane prices. The survey commenced the first Monday in October and ended in March. The surveys were normally conducted on the first and third Monday of each month. However, in the 1991/93 and 1993/94 heating seasons, the collection of data was increased briefly to weekly survey at the direction of EIA. In conducting the survey, the data was inputted into the PEDRO computerized data system for processing and transmittal to EIA. Detailed printouts of the price data from the 1995/96 SHOPP propane survey are contained in the attached tables. The survey data, as analyzed by EIA, resulted in estimated average residential propane prices for the state of North Dakota during the heating season. Attached are line charts which plot this average price for propane within the state against the calculated average for PADD II, of which North Dakota is a part.

This article, a theoretical perspective based on a literature study, is a critical evaluation of SIA as part of the EIA process in South Africa against the background of international guidelines and best practices. It includes sections on the historical background of the development of SIA in South Africa, the legal status and requirements of SIA in the country, and a critical evaluation of SIA regulation in South Africa. The conclusion reached in the article is that the persistent problems of SIA practice, experienced in other parts of the world, are also evident in South Africa. Apart from institutional, financial and professional constraints, there are also serious problems associated with approach and methods. This conclusion confirms the findings of empirical studies that SIA in South Africa is neglected, that the practice of SIA in South Africa is not yet on a sound footing, and that it does not receive the professional attention it deserves in a country beset by enormous social challenges. To conclude the article recommendations are made to improve the level of SIA practice in South Africa, and the possible significance of this national case study for international practice is indicated.

Aromatic hydrocarbons are associated with direct adverse human health effects and can have negative impacts on ecosystems due to their toxicity, as well as indirect negative effects through the formation of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol that affect human health, crop production and regional climate. Measurements were conducted at the Welgegund measurement station (South Africa) that is considered to be a regionally representative background site. However, the site is occasionally impacted by plumes from major anthropogenic source regions in the interior of South Africa, which include the western Bushveld Igneous Complex (e.g. platinum, base metal and ferrochrome smelters), the eastern Bushveld Igneous Complex (platinum and ferrochrome smelters), the Johannesburg-Pretoria metropolitan conurbation (>10 million people), the Vaal Triangle (e.g. petrochemical and industries), the Mpumalanga Highveld (e.g. coal-fired power plants and petrochemical industry) and also a region of anti-cyclonic recirculation of air mass over the interior of South Africa. The aromatic hydrocarbon measurements were conducted with an automated sampler on Tenax-TA and Carbopack-B adsorbent tubes with heated inlet for one year. Samples were collected twice a week for two hours during daytime and two hours 1 during night-time. A thermal desorption unit, connected to a gas chromatograph and a mass 2 selective detector was used for sample preparation and analysis. Results indicated that the 3 monthly median total aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations ranged between 0.01 to 3.1 ppb. 4 Benzene levels did not exceed local air quality standards. Toluene was the most abundant 5 species, with an annual median concentration of 0.63 ppb. No statistically significant 6 differences in the concentrations measured during daytime and night-time were found and no distinct seasonal patterns were observed. Air mass back trajectory analysis proved that the lack of seasonal cycles could be attributed to patterns determining the origin of the air masses sampled. Aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations were in general significantly higher in air masses that passed over anthropocentrically impacted regions. Interspecies correlations and ratios gave some indications of the possible sources for the different aromatic hydrocarbons in the source regions defined in the paper. The highest contribution of aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations to ozone formation potential was also observed in plumes passing over anthropocentrically impacted regions.

Improving Conditions for Green Building Construction in North America QUEST 2012 INTERNATIONAL green building a standard practice throughout North America. Â· In 2011, the CEC formed the Trilateral Green Building Task Force, comprising North American leaders from the green building industry

NC STATE UNIVERSITY College of Engineering North Carolina Solar Center Room 210, McKimmon Center been awarded by the North Carolina Solar Center at NC State University to reduce mobile emissions to reduce transportation related emissions in North Carolina counties that do not meet national ambient air

Late Quaternary history of Washington Land, North Greenland OLE BENNIKE Bennike, O. 2002 (September): Late Quaternary history of Washington Land, North Greenland. Boreas, Vol. 31, 260­272. Oslo. ISSN 0300-9483. During the last glacial stage, Washington Land in western North Greenland was probably completely inun

The aim for this research is to review environmental impact assessment (EIA) practices in sub-Saharan Africa, drawing upon appropriate theoretical and methodological work on EIA. This study uses a comparative evaluation method to examine the extent of environmental impact assessment (EIA) in project analysis. It uses site and services low cost housing projects from Kenya. The research has three major components: (1) review of environmental practice in Sub-Saharan Africa through literature review and case studies; (2) review of general literature on EIA as practiced by international agencies and developed countries; and (3) formulation of more suitable guidelines for EIA procedures in Sub-Saharan Africa.

The first oil from a North Slope reservoir outside Prudhoe Bay will begin flowing next year at rate of 80,000 bpd from Kuparuk field now under development by Atlantic Richfield Co. west of Prudhoe Bay. Just north of the Kuparuk development, Conoco Inc. has found a commercial reservoir in the Milne Point unit and will be drilling confirmation and delineation wells later this year and in 1982. Another area which very likely will be developed for production is located northeast of Prudhoe Bay, where Sohio Alaska Petroleum Co. has announced discoveries in 2 Sag Delta wells. In California's San Joaquin Valley, 3 Kern County fields - South Belridge, Elk Hills, and Lost Hills - are the sites of intensive drilling. Seven rigs are working in the Santa Barbara Channel, 3 of them developing known fields from permanent platforms.

1 EU, CHINA AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGE IN AFRICA A case study from timber industry: .....................................................................................................................................................2 Part I: The EU, China and the external environmental dimension....................................................................3 1.1 China as a competitor normative power in the environmental sector

The submarine portions of the Niger Delta, West Africa are undergoing active gravity tectonic deformation due to thick deposits of ductile shale overlain by paralic sands. Because the region is rich in hydrocarbon reserves, the subdermal Niger Delta...

The Maasai of East Africa are excellent examples of Indigenous culture in transition. In spite of pressure from the outside, Maasai currently maintain their cultural identity to choose which parts of western culture and ...

Geochronological, thermochronological and isotopic studies of kimberlite-borne crustal xenoliths have been used to elucidate the architecture and thermal evolution of the continental lithosphere of southern Africa. U-Pb ...

A proposed framework for power transmission expansion projects in South Africa incorporates the modeling of project options and uncertainties, Monte Carlo simulations, real option analysis, and decision analysis, based on a foundation of strategic analysis. (author)

This thesis analyses the dynamics, complexities and numerous obstacles that serve to constrain rural development within the ‡Khomani Community of the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Following the end of Apartheid, ...

Youth participation in environmental issues tends to be unquestionably accepted simply as something ‘good’. This research takes a step back to critically explore youth participation in an Eco-Schools club in a girls’ high school in South Africa...

This thesis examines the trajectories of class politics in post-apartheid South Africa. It investigates whether we can witness South African politics entering into a post-nationalist era characterised by the increasing salience of class struggles...

This research advances and empirically establishes the hypothesis that, in the course of the prehistoric exodus of Homo sapiens out of Africa, variation in migratory distance to various settlements across the globe affected ...

I explore the mechanisms through which technological capabilities have been built in the market for photovoltaic (PV) module and balance of system (BOS) manufacture in South Africa. Drawing on the literature on technology ...

Genetic resource enhancement is the foundation of any good breeding program. Landraces from West Africa, interspecifics between Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima and improved lines from the West African Rice Development Association and other...

This study evaluates the commercial energy sector of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). Presently, an economic union exists between the 16 countries of West Africa that are members of ECOWAS. Although the ECOWAS region has plentiful resources of commercial energy, it faces problems in this sector for two reasons. First is the problem resulting from the diminishing traditional energy resources such as wood fuel and charcoal. Second, most ECOWAS members, except Nigeria, are net importers of commercial energy, and hence face a high import burden for oil. Liquid petroleum is the dominant form of commercial energy used in the ECOWAS despite the availability of other resources. This author basically argues that the best policy and strategy solution for dealing with energy problems is through a combination of regional cooperative effort, and a more-intensive country level. The intensity-of-use hypothesis is tested with case studies of Ghana, the Ivory Coast, and Nigeria. The results indicate that newly developing countries can deviate from the expectations of the hypothesis.

This paper reviews the status of the South African electricity supply industry (ESI) and proposals for reorienting and restructuring it. South Africa has been intensely examining its ESI for more than 4 years in an effort to determine whether and how it should be restructured to best support the country`s new economic development and social upliftment goals. The debate has been spirited and inclusive of most ESI stakeholders. The demands on and expectations for the ESI are many and varied. The debate has reflected this diversity of interests and views. In essence, however, there is a consensus on what is expected of the industry, namely, to extend provision of adequate, reliable, and affordable electricity service to all citizens and segments of the economy. This means a large-scale electrification program to reach as many of the nearly 50% of households currently without electricity service as soon as possible, tariff reform to promote equity and efficiency, and the upgrading of service quality now being provided by some of the newly consolidated municipal authorities. The issues involved are how best to achieve these results within the context of the national Reconstruction and Development Program, while accounting for time and resource constraints and balancing the interests of the various parties.

This paper reports that petrochemical manufacturers continue to increase methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) capacity in North America. The action reflects refiners' reformulation of gasoline to help reduce auto emissions. Demand for gasoline blending oxygenates such as MTBE is expected to increase as U.S. refiners reconfigure processing trains to produce fuels meeting requirements of the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990. Recent progress includes plans to build an MTBE plant in Mexico and start-ups of plants on the U.S. Gulf Coast and in Canada.

L IB R AR Y A&M COLLEGE OF TEXAS HEAT TRANSPORT IN THE NORTH ATLANTIS OCEAN A Dissertation By GLENN HAROLD JUNG Submitted to the Graduate School of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas in partial fulfillment of the requirements... the velocity difference be? tween depths 1 and 2 in a region between stations situated at positions A and B is used: V1 - v2 z l r - (DA - db ) (2) where c is 1/2X1 sin)#,-ft- Is the angular velocity of the earth, 0 is the latitude of the region, L...

This report sunnnarizes the research by an Energy Modeling Forum working group on the evolution of the North American natural gas markets between now and 2010. The group`s findings are based partly on the results of a set of economic models of the natural gas industry that were run for four scenarios representing significantly different conditions: two oil price scenarios (upper and lower), a smaller total US resource base (low US resource case), and increased potential gas demand for electric generation (high US demand case). Several issues, such as the direction of regulatory policy and the size of the gas resource base, were analyzed separately without the use of models.

This report summarizes die research by an Energy Modeling Forum working group on the evolution of the North American natural gas markets between now and 2010. The group`s findings are based partly on the results of a set of economic models of the natural gas industry that were run for four scenarios representing significantly different conditions: two oil price scenarios (upper and lower), a smaller total US resource base (low US resource case), and increased potential gas demand for electric generation (high US demand case). Several issues, such as the direction of regulatory policy and the size of the gas resource base, were analyzed separately without the use of models.

L IB R AR Y A&M COLLEGE OF TEXAS HEAT TRANSPORT IN THE NORTH ATLANTIS OCEAN A Dissertation By GLENN HAROLD JUNG Submitted to the Graduate School of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas in partial fulfillment of the requirements... the velocity difference be? tween depths 1 and 2 in a region between stations situated at positions A and B is used: V1 - v2 z l r - (DA - db ) (2) where c is 1/2X1 sin)#,-ft- Is the angular velocity of the earth, 0 is the latitude of the region, L...

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualProperty Edit with form History Facebook iconQuito,Jump to: navigation,REpower North China Ltd

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualPropertyd8c-a9ae-f8521cbb8489 No revision| OpenElectromagneticElmwood CUSD8EnagraEneEnel North

Stratigraphical interpretation of the so-called Nubian Sandstone of Egypt and northern Sudan have led to new ideas on the structural and paleogeographical development of northeast Africa. The strata formerly comprised under the term Nubian Sandstone include sediments from Cambrian to Paleocene age. Based on field work and paleontological investigations during the last 10 years, these strata can be subdivided into three major cycles, each characterizing a certain structural situation of northeast Africa. The first or Paleozoic cycle comprises strata of Cambrian to Early Carboniferous age. These strata were deposited during a period of generally northern dip of northeast Africa; continental sediments transported northward interfinger with marine strata resulting from southward transgressions. Sediments of the second cycle were deposited during and after Gondwana and northern continents collided, which caused updoming of large areas of Egypt and bordering areas to the west and east. As a result, most of Egypt became subject to erosion; transgressions remained near the present northern edge of the continent, and purely continental deposition took place in northern Sudan and bordering areas in Chad and Libya. The resulting strata are similar to the Karroo of East Africa. Strata of the third cycle were deposited after Pangea began to disintegrate. Northeast Africa now had a generally northern dip again, and consequently deposition was controlled - as during the first cycle - by northward drainage and southward transgressions. This last cycle began during Late Jurassic time.

This dissertation considers the impact of an inter-governmental agreement between Cuba and South Africa in the health sector. The agreement, first signed in 1997, seeks to mitigate the shortage of doctors in South Africa, especially in rural areas...

R communities Poverty alleviation, advancements in healthcare and development of microfinance 50+Papers about members were moved by the poverty they saw in Kenya. Volunteer work included running camps in the school CouponsFind Amazing Offers In Locally AtOfferon. Sign Up Today & Save Big!www.offeron.com Alzheimer's Test

HEAT STORAGE AND ADVECTION IN THE NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE maintaining the seasonal heat storage in the 0 to 250 meter surface layer of the North Pacific Ocean storage decreases eastward and northward from a maximum in the Western Tropical Pacific to a minimum

A decade of acoustic thermometry in the North Pacific Ocean B. D. Dushaw,1 P. F. Worcester,2 W. H of acoustic thermometry in the North Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 114, C07021, doi:10.1029/2008JC005124. 1 of basin-scale heat content in the northeast Pacific Ocean were made using a broadband 133-Hz source

Mode coherence at megameter ranges in the North Pacific Ocean Kathleen E. Wage, Matthew A and the Acoustical Society of America. #12;Mode coherence at megameter ranges in the North Pacific Ocean Kathleen E Thermometry of Ocean Climate ATOC and Alternate Source Test AST experiments. Vertical line arrays at Hawaii

20131030 NorthWestern Energy Community Works Scholarship for Electrical Engineering A special Electrical Engineering, NorthWestern Energy has established a scholarship program administered by the Montana and interests, and how they relate to electrical engineering, energy production, control, and/or transmission

20121204 NorthWestern Energy Community Works Scholarship for Electrical Engineering A special new Electrical Engineering, NorthWestern Energy has established a scholarship program administered by the Montana, and how they relate to electrical engineering, energy production, control, and/or transmission. Within

Water Resources Research Institute of the University of North Carolina Annual Technical Report FY 2000 Introduction SUMMARY The North Carolina Water Resources Research Institute program for 2000-2001 (Federal Fiscal Year 2000) continued to focus on three broad areas of concern: surface waters, groundwater

NC STATE UNIVERSITY College of Engineering North Carolina Solar Center Room 210, McKimmon Center been awarded by the North Carolina Solar Center at NC State University through the Clean Fuel Advanced by the N.C. Department of Transportation, State Energy Office, and Division of Air Quality

ANNOUNCING THE NORTH FARM AT UPREC 2015 APPRENTICE FARMER PROGRAM APPRENTICE FARMERS WILL RECEIVE for three new Apprentice farmers. This incubator program is designed to support new farmers launch Peninsula, and the North Farm will assist Apprentice Farmers in developing their markets. This program

Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in elite north american potato germplasm Hamilton et al;RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Single nucleotide polymorphism discovery in elite north american potato- making. Results: To identify a large number of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in elite potato

Mobile phones and Africa: a success story Dr. Mo Ibrahim, Mo Ibrahim Foundation Citizen Problem Solving Dr. Alpheus Bingham, InnoCentive The Citizen Cyberscience Lectures are hosted by the partners of the Citizen Cyberscience Centre, CERN, The UN Institute of Training and Research and the University of Geneva. The goal of the Lectures is to provide an inspirational forum for participants from the various international organizations and academic institutions in Geneva to explore how information technology is enabling greater citizen participation in tackling global development challenges as well as global scientific research. The first Citizen Cyberscience Lectures will welcome two speakers who have both made major innovative contributions in this area. Dr. Mo Ibrahim, founder of Celtel International, one of Africa’s most successful mobile network operators, will talk about “Mobile phones and Africa: a success story”. Dr. Alpheus Bingham, founder of InnoCentive, a Web-based community that solves industrial R&D; challenges, will discuss “Citizen Problem Solving”. The Citizen Cyberscience Lectures are open and free of charge. Participants from outside CERN must register by sending an email to Yasemin.Hauser@cern.ch BEFORE the 23rd october to be able to access CERN. THE LECTURES Mobile phones and Africa: a success story Dr. Mo Ibrahim, Mo Ibrahim Foundation Abstract The introduction of mobile phones into Africa changed the continent, enabling business and the commercial sector, creating directly and indirectly, millions of jobs. It enriched the social lives of many people. Surprisingly, it supported the emerging civil society and advanced the course of democracy Bio Dr Mo Ibrahim is a global expert in mobile communications with a distinguished academic and business career. In 1998, Dr Ibrahim founded Celtel International to build and operate mobile networks in Africa. Celtel became one of Africa’s most successful companies with operations in 15 countries, covering more than a third of the continent’s population and investing more than US$750 million in Africa. The company was sold to MTC Kuwait in 2005 for $3.4billion. In 2006 Dr Ibrahim established the Mo Ibrahim Foundation to support great African leadership. The Foundation focuses on two major initiatives to stimulate debate around, and improve the quality of, governance in Africa. The Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership recognises and celebrates excellence; and the Ibrahim Index of African Governance provides civil society with a comprehensive and quantifiable tool to promote government accountability. Dr Ibrahim is also Founding Chairman of Satya Capital Ltd, an investment company focused on opportunities in Africa. Dr Ibrahim has been awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of London’s School of Oriental and African Studies, the University of Birmingham and De Montfort University, Leicester as well as an Honorary Fellowship Award from the London Business School. He has also received the Chairman’s Award for Lifetime Achievement from the GSM Association in 2007 and the Economists Innovation Award 2007 for Social & Economic Innovation. In 2008 Dr Ibrahim was presented with the BNP Paribas Prize for Philanthropy, and also listed by TIME magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world. Citizen Problem Solving Dr. Alpheus Bingham, InnoCentive Abstract American playwright Damien Runyon (Guys and Dolls) once remarked, "the race is not always to the swift, nor the victory to the strong -- but that IS how you bet." Not only does a system of race handicapping follow from this logic, but the whole notion of expertise and technical qualifications. Such 'credentials' allow one to 'bet' on who might most likely solve a difficult challenge, whether as consultant, contractor or employee. Of course, the approach would differ if one were allowed to bet AFTER the race. When such systems came into broad use, i.e., chat rooms, usenets, innocentive, etc., and were subsequently studied, it was often found that the greate

The paper summarises a literature review into waste management practices across Africa as part of a study to assess methods to reduce carbon emissions. Research shows that the average organic content for urban Municipal Solid Waste in Africa is around 56% and its degradation is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The paper concludes that the most practical and economic way to manage waste in the majority of urban communities in Africa and therefore reduce carbon emissions is to separate waste at collection points to remove dry recyclables by door to door collection, compost the remaining biogenic carbon waste in windrows, using the maturated compost as a substitute fertilizer and dispose the remaining fossil carbon waste in controlled landfills.

Mobile phones and Africa: a success story Dr. Mo Ibrahim, Mo Ibrahim Foundation Citizen Problem Solving Dr. Alpheus Bingham, InnoCentive The Citizen Cyberscience Lectures are hosted by the partners of the Citizen Cyberscience Centre, CERN, The UN Institute of Training and Research and the University of Geneva. The goal of the Lectures is to provide an inspirational forum for participants from the various international organizations and academic institutions in Geneva to explore how information technology is enabling greater citizen participation in tackling global development challenges as well as global scientific research. The first Citizen Cyberscience Lectures will welcome two speakers who have both made major innovative contributions in this area. Dr. Mo Ibrahim, founder of Celtel International, one of Africa?s most successful mobile network operators, will talk about ?Mobile phones and Africa: a success story?. Dr. Alpheus Bingham, founder of InnoCentive, a Web-based community that solves industrial R&D; challenges, will discuss ?Citizen Problem Solving?. The Citizen Cyberscience Lectures are open and free of charge. Participants from outside CERN must register by sending an email to Yasemin.Hauser@cern.ch BEFORE the 23rd october to be able to access CERN. THE LECTURES Mobile phones and Africa: a success story Dr. Mo Ibrahim, Mo Ibrahim Foundation Abstract The introduction of mobile phones into Africa changed the continent, enabling business and the commercial sector, creating directly and indirectly, millions of jobs. It enriched the social lives of many people. Surprisingly, it supported the emerging civil society and advanced the course of democracy Bio Dr Mo Ibrahim is a global expert in mobile communications with a distinguished academic and business career. In 1998, Dr Ibrahim founded Celtel International to build and operate mobile networks in Africa. Celtel became one of Africa?s most successful companies with operations in 15 countries, covering more than a third of the continent?s population and investing more than US$750 million in Africa. The company was sold to MTC Kuwait in 2005 for $3.4billion. In 2006 Dr Ibrahim established the Mo Ibrahim Foundation to support great African leadership. The Foundation focuses on two major initiatives to stimulate debate around, and improve the quality of, governance in Africa. The Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership recognises and celebrates excellence; and the Ibrahim Index of African Governance provides civil society with a comprehensive and quantifiable tool to promote government accountability. Dr Ibrahim is also Founding Chairman of Satya Capital Ltd, an investment company focused on opportunities in Africa. Dr Ibrahim has been awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of London?s School of Oriental and African Studies, the University of Birmingham and De Montfort University, Leicester as well as an Honorary Fellowship Award from the London Business School. He has also received the Chairman?s Award for Lifetime Achievement from the GSM Association in 2007 and the Economists Innovation Award 2007 for Social & Economic Innovation. In 2008 Dr Ibrahim was presented with the BNP Paribas Prize for Philanthropy, and also listed by TIME magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world. Citizen Problem Solving Dr. Alpheus Bingham, InnoCentive Abstract American playwright Damien Runyon (Guys and Dolls) once remarked, "the race is not always to the swift, nor the victory to the strong -- but that IS how you bet." Not only does a system of race handicapping follow from this logic, but the whole notion of expertise and technical qualifications. Such 'credentials' allow one to 'bet' on who might most likely solve a difficult challenge, whether as consultant, contractor or employee. Of course, the approach would differ if one were allowed to bet AFTER the race. When such systems came into broad use, i.e., chat rooms, usenets, innocentive, etc., and were subsequently studied, it was often found that the greatest probability of solu

WORKING PAPER N° 2013 ­ 22 The long Term Effects of the Printing Press in Sub Saharan Africa Julia-00844446,version1-15Jul2013 #12;THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF THE PRINTING PRESS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Julia Cag of the newspaper and came to employ it as the chief weapon by which they were to exercise their power

Biofuels War: The New Scramble for Africa by Western Big Money Profiteers : EcoWorldly About Like this post? Subscribe to our RSS feed and stay up to date. Biofuels War: The New Scramble in Africa, Ethiopia, Europe, Ghana, Global, Tanzania, United States of America Biofuels war has broken out

South Africa is shortlisted to host a major scientific facility - the Square Kilometre Array (SKA instrument in a radio-quiet area in the arid Karoo region of South Africa's Northern Cape Province. Further the fron- tiers of science and technology, South Africa's SKA project attracts the brightest and most

Grant Proposal For Research In South Africa Abstract The research and work that I hope to conduct in the conservation of South Africa's wildlife. With the fall of apartheid rule in 1994, the conservation of South agencies play in the conservation sector of South Africa, and what effect the influx of outside ideas has

In July 2005 the North American Solar Challenge (NASC) featured university built solar powered cars ran across the United States into Canada. The competition began in Austin, Texas with stops in Weatherford, Texas; Broken Arrow, Oklahoma; Topeka, Kansas; Omaha, Nebraska; Sioux Falls, South Dakota, Fargo, North Dakota; Winnipeg, Manitoba; Brandon, Manitoba; Regina, Saskatchewan; Medicine Hat, Alberta; mainly following U.S. Highway 75 and Canadian Highway 1 to the finish line in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, for a total distance of 2,500 miles. NASC major sponsors include the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Natural Resources Canada and DOEs National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The event is designed to inspire young people to pursue careers in science and engineering. NASCs predecessors, the American Solar Challenge and Sunrayce, generally have been held every two years since 1990. With each race, the solar cars travel faster and further with greater reliability. The NASC promotes: -Renewable energy technologies (specifically photovoltaic or solar cells) -Educational excellence in science, engineering and mathematics -Creative integration of technical and scientific expertise across a wide-range of disciplines -Hands-on experience for students and engineers to develop and demonstrate their technical and creative abilities. Safety is the first priority for the NASC. Each team put its car through grueling qualifying and technical inspections. Teams that failed to meet the requirements were not allowed participate. During the race, each team was escorted by lead and chase vehicles sporting rooftop hazard flashers. An official observer accompanied each solar car team to keep it alert to any safety issues.

The goal of the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project in North Dakota is to improve the environment and reduce the negative health effects associated with residual radioactive material (RRM) from the inactive processing sites at Belfield and Bowman, North Dakota. A secondary benefit of the UMTRA Project is economic gain. The 1992 North Dakota Economic Impact Study (NDEIS) analyzes the impact of the remedial actions at the inactive Belfield and Bowman processing sites and their associated vicinity properties. This analysis is based on the assumption that the state of North Dakota will provide 10 percent of the funding required for remediation. For every dollar the state of North Dakota invests in the Belfield and Bowman onsite portion of the UMTRA Project, it will realize $5.04 in gross labor income (i.e., gross labor income divided by the state's total funding requirement). For every dollar the state of North Dakota invests, it will realize a net return of $3.04 (i.e., net benefit divided by the state's total funding requirement). This reflects only labor expenditure and employment impact. ff state and local non-labor tax benefits were considered in the net economic benefit, North Dakota could receive significantly more than $3.04 for each dollar it invests. The UMTRA Project work at Belfield and Bowman will benefit the state of North Dakota. Benefits include a reduction in the negative health effects caused by low-level RRM, an improvement in the environment, and increased economic growth.

, biodiversity ...), adaptation to climate change, sustainable development and human development, governance of the Great Green Wall (PAGGW), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, at building scientific capacities in Africa and at strengthening links between science and society in order

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF FORESTRY RESEARCH ORGANISATIONS (IUFRO) MANAGEMENT MEETS IN SOUTH AFRICA of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO). IUFRO is one of the world's oldest scientific organizations, well forestry focus, FABI staff and students were delighted to be able to meet and entertain the leaders

Satellite observations of the seasonal cycles of absorbing aerosols in Africa related to monsoon system and aerosol loading is studied using multi-year satellite observations of UV-absorbing aerosols and rain gauge measurements. The seasonal variation of the aerosol distribution is clearly linked

1 DOES ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY ENABLE THE UPTAKE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH AFRICA? G to electricity. The socio-political benefits of the national electrification programme are documented correlation of SMMEs and electricity access in poor rural areas does sem apparent. 1. INTRODUCTION The South

Africa Becoming a Biofuel Battleground Western companies are pushing to acquire vast stretches of African land to meet the world's biofuel needs By Horand Knaup Western companies are pushing to acquire vast stretches of African land to meet the world's biofuel needs. Local farmers and governments

and will encompass the full hierarchy of waste management from materials recovery (recycling) to energy recovery (Waste-to-Energy or WTE), and sanitary landfilling with methane capture. The organizing committeeSustainable Waste Management in Africa Accra, Ghana, May 26th-30th, 2014 The Earth Engineering

with below-normal rainfall during the summer wet season (Reason and Rouault 2002). Be- cause changes in these SSTs may be a signature of an- thropogenic climate change, there is some speculation that the nearÂ­March) precipitation in southern Africa are investigated using the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3

Improving Availability, Access and Use of Climate Information in Africa: Ethiopia's experience Tufa, and it has been declining. The available stations are unevenly distributed with most of them located along the main roads. The available observations suffer from gaps and poor quality. Besides, the available data

A SOCIAL CHOICE APPROACH TO PRIMARY RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: THE RUBBER TREE CASE IN AFRICA MOUSSA approach to a decision making problem related to the management of a primary resource, namely the rubber operation research methods) by the african rubber tree planters in order to get a plantation at peak

1 A Comprehensive Decision Approach for Rubber Tree Planting Management in Africa (Revised Version objective of this study is to settle a rigorous field of decision analysis for rubber tree clones selection rubber tapping, cumulative production during 15 years, cumulative production between 15 and 25 years

Continents are an amalgamation of crust and mantle lithosphere assembled over -4 Gyr and are therefore our best record of the early Earth. Exposures of rocks -3.0-3.7 Ga cover -20,000 km2 of eastern S. Africa and Swaziland, ...

To provide training in enterprise development and technical applications, local partner capacity building, individualized enterprise development services and seed capital investment to catalyze the creation of sustainable renewable energy enterprises that deliver clean energy services to households and businesses in South Africa, Ethiopia and Tanzania.

-) ) The SME boom in rural South Africa links to electricity and telephony Paper to be presented* In this study we investigate into determinants of households' small and micro enterprise (SME) activities suggest a doubled number of SME's in the country's deep rural areas between 1997 and 2004. A growing

of Action (CPA), as agreed by the 2005 African Ministerial Conference on Science and Technology (AMCOST; the private sector and the international donor community. The analysis stresses the importance of African poverty reduction strategy papers or their equivalent. Private sector support for S&T in Africa