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Abstract

The first wall of a controlled thermonuclear reactor must be able to withstand high temperatures, and intense ion-beam bombardment, yet it must be transparent to 14 MEV neutrons which carry the reactive energy out of the machine.

Country

United States

Language

English (United States)

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First Wall Material for a Controlled Thermonuclear Reactor

The first wall of a controlled thermonuclear reactor must be able to withstand
high temperatures, and intense ion-beam bombardment, yet it must be
transparent to 14 MEV neutrons which carry the reactive energy out of the
machine.

Fig. 1 is an illustrative cross-sectional view of a controlled thermonuclear
reactor showing the location of the first wall. It was believed that the first wall
should be made of V or Nb metals which have great transparency to high-energy
neutrons. However, it was calculated recently that the sputtering of these
surfaces by ions leaking from the plasma core would be sufficient to cool the
plasma below the reaction threshold.

A proposal for the first wall has been to use carbon, as it can sputter at 10
times the rate of V or Nb metal before it cools the plasma below threshold.
However, carbon is a neutron absorber and reflector, so the carbon wall must be
kept thin. Because of the convoluted geometry of the vacuum chambers, they
cannot be disassembled for first wall replacement. It has been suggested to put
curtain rods along the inner walls, as shown by Fig. 2.

The use of carbon cloth allows replacement of the entire wall from a small
access port. The disadvantage is that the carbon cloth must be about 5 x 10/6/
atoms/cm/2/ (approx. 20 mills) thick for structural support.

It is proposed herein that a much thinner carbon first wall can be obtained by
in situ pyrolysis of a hydroca...