As a secretary of the Executive Committee on Salaries and Conditions of Service in a parastatal, produce minutes of a recent meeting of the committee to discuss among other routine matters: i)salaries for contract staff

ii)bonuses benefits for all staff

Q1 - ANSWER

Communication can be best summarized as the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver in an understandable manner. The importance of effective communication is immeasurable in the world of business and in personal life (Nick Sanchez – Communication Process).

From a business perspective, effective communication is an absolute must, because it accounts for the difference between success and failure or profit and loss of an organization. The communication process involves six basic elements which are; sender (encoder), message, channel/medium, receiver (decoder), noise and feedback as illustrated in the following diagram.

All communications begins with the sender.
ENCODING

The first step the sender is faced with is the encoding process. This is the translation of information into a message in the form of symbols that represent ideas or concepts. The sender initiates the communication process. When the sender has decided on a meaning, he encodes a message, and selects a channel for transmitting the message to a receiver. Encoding is putting a message into words or images or symbols that represent ideas or concepts. This process translates the ideas or concepts into the coded message that will be communicated. The symbols can take on numerous forms such as languages, words or gestures. These symbols are used to translate ideas into messages that the receiver can understand. When encoding a message, the sender decides on what to transmit. The decision by the sender is based on the receiver’s knowledge and assumptions; along with what additional information he wants the receiver to have. It is important for the sender to use symbols that are familiar to the intended receiver. According to Nick Sanchez, a good way for the sender to improve encoding their message is to mentally visualize the communication from the receiver’s point of view.

MEDIUMTo begin transmitting the message, the sender uses some kind of channel, which is also called the medium. The medium is the means of communication used to convey the message, such as print, mass, electrical and digital, but currently visual channels are becoming more common as technology expands. For instance meetings take place electronically from multiple locations saving the organization’s resources in both expenses of physically bringing people from different locations together and the time lost by employees traveling.

A sender should define the purpose of the message, construct each message with the receiver in mind, and select the best medium possible. Words can be verbal, written and spoken. Words are used to create pictures and stories. Written communication should be sued when the situation is forma, official or long term or when the situation affects several people in related ways. The effectiveness of the various channels fluctuates depending on the characteristics of the communication. When immediate feedback is necessary, oral communication channels are more effective because any uncertainties can be cleared up on the spot. In a situation where the message must be delivered to more than a small group of people, written channels are more effective.

GRAPEVINEIn organizations there are formal and informal communication channels. The grapevine is an informal communication network which exists outside the formal channel and is used by people to transmit casual, personal and social interchanges at work. It consists of rumours, gossip and truthful...

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...Communication can best be summarized as the transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver in an understandable manner. The importance of effective communication is immeasurable in the world of business and in personal life. From a business perspective, effective communication is an absolute must, because it commonly accounts for the difference between success and failure or profit and loss. It has become clear that effective business communication is critical to the successful operation of modern enterprise. Every business person needs to understand the fundamentals of effective communication.
Currently, companies in the United States and abroad are working toward the realization of total quality management. Effective communication is the most critical component of total quality management. The manner in which individuals perceive and talk to each other at work about different issues is a major determinant of the business success. It has proven been proven that poor communication reduces quality, weakens productivity, and eventually leads to anger and a lack of trust among individuals within the organization.
The communicationprocess is the guide toward realizing effective communication. It is through the communicationprocess that the sharing of a common meaning between the sender and the...

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CommunicationProcess Worksheet
Think about a misunderstanding you have experienced with another person at work, school, or in a health care environment. Write your answers in paragraph form.
1. Briefly describe the misunderstanding, including the setting and the people involved.
At my recent job that I was working a situation came about, I was helping my director file some bills with personal information. Well she did not make it clear that each bill went into a certain folder, which made my job a lot difficult and ending up me having to do the whole process over again, when I had to do another project that my other Director had told me to finish up within that day.
2. Complete the following table with information from your described misunderstanding.
|Question |Answer |
|Who was the sender? |My Director |
|Who was the receiver? |Myself |
|What was the message? |File these documents |
|What channel was used to send the message? |Sound and light waves |
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...﻿What is Communication?
Mary and Bertha (2010) point out that “Communication is the transmission of information and meaning from one individual or group to another.” (Page 5) The term communication means that the sender has an idea and the sender encodes the message which will be decodes by the receiver. Here is the process of communication which had been point out from the book of Mary and Bertha (2010)
Sender has an idea. – The sender has information to be told to, the idea may be influence by the sender’s mood or the context of situation.
Sender encodes the ideas in a message – the sender converts the ideas into words or gestures to covey meaning.
Message travels over a Channel – channels such as computers telephones or even spoken words is used to transfer the message to the receiver, but the sender must choose which way to be used as there might be an interruption in the communicationprocess which is called noise.
Receiver decodes messages – the receiver receives the message and translates it into meaning.
Feedback travels to the Sender by the Receiver – feedback is given to the sender to show that the receiver had understood the message given by the sender.
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...However, this model has an interesting additional element. Shannon and Weaver were concerned with noise in the communicationsprocess. Noise, Weaver said, "may be distortions of sound (in telephony, for example) or static (in radio), or distortions in shape or shading of picture (television), or errors in transmission (telegraph or facsimile), etc."
Shannon and weaver model simply proposes that a message actually originates from the person who gets the thought or has the information. The sender is also called the Source of information or the Information Source. The information then gets transmitted from the brain to the mouth and comes out as a signal which then reaches the recipient after joining hands with several noises and other disturbances. The recipient then further passes on the message to its final destination or other minds of other individuals.
Also they find factors which affecting the communicationprocess called “Noise”. At first the model was developed to improve the Technical communication. Later it’s widely applied in the field of Communication.
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...The Nature of Oral CommunicationCommunication is said to be the most important skill of human survival because one needs it to maintain contact with the world. It is true that we communicate all the time, knowingly or unknowingly. Of course, oral communication is a two way process between the speaker and the receiver, involving the productive skill of speaking and the receptive skill of understanding (listening). Apart from the speaker and the receiver there are many elements involved in the process of communication. And all of them are equally important in communication.
Elements of the CommunicationProcess
Various elements work together to achieve a desired outcome as communication takes place. The basic components or parts of the communication system are: the communicators (sender and receiver), message channel, feedback, noise, situation, and the interdependence of all the elements in the process. By that they are interrelated and work systematically.
There have been many different attempts to describe the communicationprocess schematically. All these attempts may aid us in understanding how communication works but we should limit ourselves to these frameworks considering that communication is a dynamic process.
SOURCE
The...

...
COMMUNICATIONPROCESSCommunication occurs when a message is sent by one person and received and understood by
another person. Communicating effectively is essential to successful business operations. Company
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The goal of communication is to convey information—and the understanding of that
information—from one person or group to another person or group. This communicationprocess is
divided into three basic components: A ​
sender​
transmits a message through a ​
channel​
to the ​
receiver.
The sender first develops an idea, which is composed into a message and then transmitted to the
other party, who interprets the message and receives meaning. Developing a message is known as
encoding.​
Interpreting the message is referred to as ​
decoding.
COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
In effective communication, the message must be understood as the speaker or writer intends. If the
listener or reader interprets the message differently, problems may occur. A ​
communication barrier​
is
anything that interferes with successful communication. Communication barriers can be internal and
external.
Internal...

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2
No individual, group, or organization can exist without communication: the transfer of meaning among its members. It is only through transmitting meaning from one person to another that information and ideas can be conveyed. Communication, however, is more than merely imparting meaning. It must also be understood. Before communication can take place, a purpose, expressed as a message to be conveyed, is needed. It passes between a sender and a receiver. The message is encoded (converted to a symbolic form) and passed by way of some medium (channel) to the receiver, who retranslates (decodes) the message initiated by the sender. The result is transfer of meaning from one person to another. In this paper I will be describing the communication climate in my organization as a whole. I will be explaining the strengths and weaknesses of my organization’s communication. I will be explaining the management approach of your organization’s supervisors, managers, and executives contribute to or detract from effective communication. I will also provide an example that supports my view.
The key parts of the communicationprocess consist of the sender, encoding, the message, the channel, decoding, the receiver, noise, and feedback. The sender...