upper and lower airway obstructions, high altitudes, or drug overdoses

How do neuromuscular diseases affect oxygenation?

They affect the pts ability to expand and contract the chest wall

What 2 central nervous structures can impair breathing if they are traumatized?

Spinal cord and medulla oblongata

What can cause dysrhythmias?

Dysrhythmias occur as a primary conduction disturbance, such as in response to ischemia, valvular abnormality, anxiety, or drug toxicity; as a result of caffeine, alcohol, or tobacco use; or as a complication of acid-base or electrolyte imbalance

angina pectoris

a transient imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. The condition results in chest pain that is aching, sharp, tingling, or burning, or that feels like pressure

myocardial infarction

a heart attack. Infarction occurs because of ischemia (which is reversible) and necrosis (which is not reversible) of myocardial tissue.

usually described as crushing, squeezing, or stabbing. The pain is often in the left chest and sternal area.

What can cause hyperventilation?

Anxiety, infections, drugs, or an acid-base imbalance induce hyperventilation, as well as hypoxia associated with pulmonary embolus or shock.

atelectasis

collapse of alveoli

hypoxia is caused by

decreased hemoglobin

diminished concentration of inspired o2

the inability of the tissues to extract oxygen from the blood, as with cyanide poisoning;

decreased diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood, as in pneumonia

Annual influenza vaccines are recommended for children 6 to 59 months, adults over 50, and clients with chronic illnesses (especially of the heart, lung, or kidneys), diabetics and clients with immunosuppression or severe forms of anemia. also anyone with frequent contact with any of the above listed conditions.

Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for clients at increased risk of developing pneumonia, those with chronic illnesses or immunosuppression (such as HIV/AIDS), those living in nursing homes or the Native American population, and clients over the age of 65.

Exercise

How does adequete hydration promote pulmonary health

prevents thick secretions

chest physiotherapy (CPT)

a group of therapies used to mobilize pulmonary secretions. These therapies include postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration

recommended for clients who produce greater than 30 mL of sputum per day or have evidence of atelectasis by chest x-ray examination