LIBRARY
*v f Ca
IRVINE
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
IRVINE
EX LIBRIS
C. D. O'MALLEY, M.D.
THE ROLL
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS
OF LONDON;
COMPRISING BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
OF ALL THE EMINENT PHYSICIANS, WHOSE NAMES ABE BECOEDED IN THE ANNALS
FBOU THE FOUNDATION OF THE COLLEGE IN 1518 TO ITS BEMOVAL
IN 1825, FBOM WABWICK LANE TO PALL MALL EAST.
I
BY WILLIAM MUNK, M.D., F.S.A.,
FELLOW OF THE COLLEGE, ETC., ETC., ETC.
SECOND EDITION, REVISED AND ENLARGED.
VOL. II., 1701 TO 1800.
LONDON:
PUBLISHED BY THE COLLEGE, PALL MALL EAST
MDCCCLXXVIII.
[All Rights reserved."]
R
173
Harrison and Sons, Printers in Ordinary to Her Majesty, St. Martin's Lane.
CONTENTS OF VOL. II.
PAGE
PAGE
Addams, Thomas
. 148
Barry, Sir Edward
. 238
^ Addenbrooke, John .
. 14
Bartlett, Nathaniel .
. 37
Addington, Antony . .
. 198
Barton, James .
. 444
Adee, Swithen .
. 256
Batt, John Thomas . .
. 167
Aiken, John
. 421
/Battie, William .
. 139
Ainslie, Henry .
. 437
Bayford, David .
. 368
Akenside, Mark
. 195
Bayles, James
. 14
A! cock, Nathan .
. 189
Baylies, William
. 271
Alexander, Benjamin
. 270
Beale, John
. 39
Allen, Joseph
. 272
Beauford, John .
. 110
Andree, John
. 148
Bedford, William
. 138
Angler, Bazaliol .
. 33
Beirman, Arnold Boot
. 33
V Arbuthnot, John
. 27
Bellinger, Francis
. 20
Archer, Edward
. 182
Binns, Jonathan
. 297
Arnold, John
. 76
Birch, John
. 93
Ash, Edward
. 465
Bishop, John . . .
. 174
378
Bkck, William .
. 367
Ashenden, Charles
. 129
Blackburne, William .
. 363
V Askew, Anthony
. 185
Blair, Thomas .
. 435
Atkinson, John . . .
. 359
Blakey, Henry .
. 76
Austin, William
. 377
Bland, Eobert . . .
. 365
Blane, Sir Gilbert
. 325
Babington, William .
. 451
Blanshard, Wilkinson
. 240
Bagge, Charles Elsden
. 324
Blondell, James Augustus .
. 34
Bailey, George .
. 69
Bodenham, Edward .
. 14
Baillie, Matthew
. 402
Bosanquet, Benjamin
. 149
Bainbrigg, Thomas
. 83
Bostock, John .
. 286
Bale, Charles
. 68
Bouchier, Ealph
. 90
Baker, Sir George
. 213
Bourne, Eobert
. 401
Bamber, John .
. 107
Bowdler, Thomas
. 324
Bankes, Bobert .
. 134
Bowles, Henry .
. 445
Banyer, Henry .
. 131
Bradley, Thomas
. 419
Banyer, Lawrence
. 20
Branthwait, John
6
Barclay, James Eobertson .
. 371
Bridges, Daniel .
. 277
Barker, John . .
. 158
Brickenden, John
. 241
Barrowby, William
. 61
Brinley, Nicholas
. 95
IV
CONTENTS.
Brisbane, John . *
Brocklesby, Richard .
Bromn'eld, Robert
Brooke, Humphrey .
Brooke, Jonathan
Brooke, Thomas
Brown, Charles .
Brown, Charles .
Brown, Richard
Brown, Simon .
Browne, Edward
Browne, Thomas
Browne, Sir William
Browning, William .
Broxolme, Noel .
Buchan, James . * .
Budd, Richard .
Burges, John
Burton, Simon .
Butter, William
Buxton, George .
Cadogan, William
Campbell, James
Canvane, Peter .
Carslake, Abraham
Cartledge, John .
Caulet, John Gideon .
Caverhill, John .
Chambers, William .
Chandler, Benjamin .
Chapman, John .
Chapman, Samuel
Chase, Stephen .
Chauncey, Charles
Cheston, James .
Clark, William .
Clarke, Edward Goodman
Clarke, John
Clarke, Matthew
Clephane, John
Clerk, Thomas .
PAOB
274
Clerke, John
201
Clifton, Francis
276
Clobery, Robert Glynn
1
Coatsworth, Edward .
118
Cole, Josiah
258
Colebrook, George
234
Collet, John
346
Colmer, Humphrey
461
Comarque, Renald
1
Combe, Charles .
81
Coningham, John
18
Connel, Michael
95
Conyers, Richard
38
Cooper, John
89
Cooper, William
446
Cotes, Charles
311
Cour, Philip de la
306
Cox, Daniel
119
Coxe, William .
360
Cranmer, .
360
Crawford, Adair
Crawford, Stewart
221
Cresswell, John .
88
Crichton, Sir Alexander
158
Grose, William .
26
Crow, Thomas ,
37
Crynes, Edmund
338
281
Dale, Thomas
87
Daniel, Samuel .
331
Dargent, James .
470
Davison, John .
263
Dawson, Ambrose
64
Dawson, Thomas
145
De la Cour, Philip .
302
De la Rive, Gaspard Charles
132
De Leon, Solomon
420
Denman, Thomas
369
Dennison, Richard
131
Descherny, David
180
Dicker, Michael Lee .
325
Dickson, Thomas
PAGE
204
115
247
38
265
10
129
40
137
337
112
145
172
364
285
137
178
171
166
39
339
447
129
416
58
23
154
362
309
181
165
134
240
178
465
418
333
447
223
58
260
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Didier, Andrew .
. 198
Fowle, William .
Dimsdale, Thomas
. 232
Fowler, Richard
Diodati, John
. 86
Fox, Edward Long .
Dod, Peirce
. 70
Fox, John
Doubleday, Nicholson
. 283
Fox, Joseph
Douce, Francis .
. 130
Frampton, Algernon .
Douglas, Sir Alexander
. 460
Eraser, William Mackinen
Douglas, Andrew
. 308
Freer, Robert
J Douglas, James .
. 77
' Freind, John
V Dover, Thomas .
. 79
Frost, Edmund .
*^ Drake, James
. 15
Fryer, Edward .
Duncan, Sir William .
. 211
Fullerton, William .
Duval, Francis Philip
. 178
Fullwood, William
Dwight, Samuel
. 117
Galley, Thomas .
Eaton, John
. 129
Gardiner, John .
Eaton, Joseph .
. 38
Garthshore, Maxwell .
Edmonds, Samuel Gurney .
. 415
Gilbert, Ralph .
Elderton, James
. 86
Gillan, Hugh .
Elliot, Sir John .
. 239
Gilling, Isaac
Elliot, Philip .
. 444
Gisborne, Thomas
Esteve, Samuel .
. 19
Glanvill, John .
Evelin, Sidney .
. 265
Glynn, Robert .
Gorman, John .
Falconer, William
. 278
Gouldsmith, Jonathan
Farquhar, Sir Walter
. 461
Gower, Charles .
Farr, William .
. 228
Grainger, James
Feake, Charles .
. 158
Grant, William .
Fearon, Devey .
. 469
Graves, Robert .
Ferris, Samuel .
. 358
Gray, Edward Whitaker
Figg, James
. 94
Green, John
Flaerton, John .
1
Green, John
Fontaine, James Francis de la
. 269
Greive, James .
Ford, James
. 257
Grieve, John
Ford, James, junior .
. 323
Griffith, Moses .
Ford, John
. 272
Grimbalston, William
Ford, John . " .
. 413
Grosvenor, William .
Fordyce, George
. 373
Fordyce, John .
. 212
Hadley, John
Fordyce, Sir William
. 359
Hale, Richard .
Fothergill, Anthony .
. 322
Halford, Sir Henry .
V Fothergill, John
. 154
Hall, Abraham .
PAGE
444
447
376
331
390
464
358
332
48
14
412
111
33
367
40
259
18
444
88
227
131
247
37
94
470
219
256
460
298
148
275
297
360
164
21
290
259
48
427
J26
VI
CONTENTS.
PAGE
Hall, Julian Gartner . .
. 365
Hunter, John
.
Hall, Stephen .
. 25
Hunter, William
.
Hallett, William
. 57
Hussey, William
.
Hallifax, Robert
. 336
Hutton, Addison
.
Hamilton, Sir David .
. 12
Hamilton, Robert
. 443
Jackson, Rowland
.
Hamilton, William
. 366
Jackson, Seguin Henry
.
Hamman, John .
. 366
James, Pinkstan
Hardisway, Peter
. 68
James, Robert .
Harris, George .
. 92
Jebb, John
.
Harvey, Gideon
. 10
Jebb, Sir Richard
.
Harwood, Thomas
. 110
Jebb, Samuel
.
Hawley, James .
. 144
Jernegham, Charles .
Hay, Alexander .
. 280
Jodrell, Sir Paul
.
Hayes, Sir John Macnamara
. 364
Johnson, Samuel
.
Healde, Thomas
. 231
Johnston, Pelham
Heath cot, Gilbert .
. 68
Jones, Richard .
,
Heberden, William .
. 159 '
f Jurin, James
.
Heberden, William, junior
. 457
Heineken, Herman .
. 177
Karr, Thomas .
.
Hemming, John
. 418
Keay, John
.
Henderson, Robert
. 427
Keir, William .
.
Hepburn, Patrick
6
Keith, James
.
Hervey, James .
. 330
Kelley, George .
.
Hicks, George .
. 287
Kelly, Christopher
.
Hill, Caleb
. 86
Kennedy, Hugh Alexander
Hill, John.
. 267
Kentish, Richard
..
Hinckley, Henry
. 198
Kenyon, Roger .
.
Hoadley, Benjamin .
. 132
Kirkaldie, George
.
Hodgson, Thomas
. 14
Knight, Thomas
.
Hody, Edward .
. 147
Knowles, Thomas
.
Holland, Richard
. 92
Knox, Robert
.
Holland, Samuel
. 470
Kooystra, John .
.
Hollings, John .
. 94
Krohn, Henry .
,
Holman, James .
. 463
Kynaston, Edward
Hooke, Peter
. 113
Kynch, John
.
Hooke, Peter
. 286
Hopwood, Robert
. 132
Lacy, John
.
Horsman, Samuel
. 135
Ladds, James
.
Huck, Richard .
. 346
Lamb, George .
t
Hulme, Nathaniel
. 298
Lament, George
Hulse, Sir Edward
. 62
Langrish, Browne
I'AOE
425
205
86
138
276
321
466
269
309
291
179
67
378
139
126
189
64
350
283
325
18
150
222
268
413
13
392
110
342
365
303
302
82
39
21
21
26
178
130
CONTENTS.
Vll
PAGE
Lansdale, William . . .359
Latham, John .... 393
Layington, Andrew . . . 143
V Lawrence, Thomas . . .150
Lawson, John .... 264
Layard, Daniel Peter . . 181
Leake, John .... 275
Lee, Francis .... 20
Lee, John 316
V Lee, Matthew . . . .119
Le Fevre, Sebastian . . . 109
Leigh, Thomas . . 86
Leith, Theodore Forbes . . 361
j Letherland, Joseph . . . 135
Lettsom, John Coakley . . 287
Levett, Henry .... 22
Lewis, Thomas .... 38
Lister, William . . . .329
Littlehales, John . . .372
Lobb, Theophilus . . .146
Lock, George .... 77
Lovell, Thomas .... 79
Lowder, William . . .362
Lucas, Charles .... 223
Luxmore, Henry . . . 463
Macaulay, George . . . 181
Macdonald, James . . . 149
Maclaurin, James Chichester . 392
Macneven, William James . 369
Macqueen, Columbus . . . 446
Maddocks, James . . . 287
Manning, John .... 212
* Manningham, Sir Richard . . 75
Manningham, Thomas . . 267
Marcet, Alexander J. G. . . 466
Marshall, Andrew . . . 389
Martel, Lawrence . . . 109
Martin, William . . .110
Massey, Richard Middleton . 93
Mather, John .... 271
Matthews, John .... 332
PACK
Maty, Matthew . . . .265
Maundy, William ... 1
May, William . . . .383
Maynard, William Mushel . 129
Mayo, John . . . .395
Mayo, Paggen William . . 455
/Mead, Richard .... 40
Mead, Vernon .... 69
Meyer, John .... 342
Mikles, Samuel .... 165
Milman, Sir Francis . . . 316
Milner, Charles . . . .197
Milner, Thomas .... 229
Milward, Edward . . . 166
Misaubin, John .... 67
Moffat, Thomas . . . . 472
Monro, Donald .... 293
Monro, James . . . .113
Monro, John .... 183
Monro, Thomas .... 414
Monsey, Messenger ... 84
Montague, John Duke of . . 58
Moore, William .... 424
Morgan, John .... 261
Morley, Matthew . . . 145
Morris, George Paulet . . 437
Morris, Michael .... 232
Mortimer, Cromwell . . . Ill
Morton, Charles . . . 174
Morton, Richard ... 20
Moseley, Benjamin . . . 368
Mountford, John . . . 110
Muller, John .... 421
Munckley, Nicholas . . .194
Murray, John Roger . . . 424
Musgrave, Samuel . . . 312
Mushet, William . . . 170
Myddelton, Henry . . . 198
Myers, Joseph Hart . . . 376
Mytton, Devereux . . . 332
Napier, John .... 269
Vlll
CONTENTS.
PAGE
PAGE
Nasmyth, Robert
13
Plumtro, Russell
. 144
Nelson, Thomas ....
469
Poignand, Louis . .
. 390
Nesbitt, Robert ....
112
Pont, Thomas
. 57
Newington, John
117
Porter, Robert .
. 118
Newman, Jeremiah W.
414
Potter, John
. 358
Nicholls, Frank ....
123
Powell, Richard
. 456
Nihell, Laurence
876
Pringle, Sir John
. 252
Norford, William
235
Pulteney, Richard
. 264
Norris, Edward ....
39
Purcell, John
. 77
Nott, John ....
397
Pye, Samuel
. 117
Nugent, Christopher .
268
Radcliffe, John .
. 86
Oldfield, John ....
116
Raitt, George
. 171
Orme, David ....
267
Rawlinson, John
. 308
Osborne, William
336
Rayner, John
. 32
Owen, Hugh ....
129
Reeve, Thomas .
. 133
Relhan, Anthony
. 257
Packe, Christopher
83
Relph, John
. 345
Parratt, Thomas
116
Reynolds, Henry Revell
. 299
Parry, Caleb Hillier .
385
Richardson, Henry
. 137
Parry, William ....
158
Richardson, John
. 26
Parsons, James ....
175
Richmond, the Duke of
. 116
Parsons, John ....
803
Riollay, Francis .
. 357
Pate, Robert ....
182
Roberts, Edward
. 426
Payne, William ....
325
Robertson, James
. 371
Pearson, George
343
Robertson, John . . .
. 119
Pearson, Richard
391
Robertson, John Stark
. 390
Pegge, Sir Christopher
449
Robertson, Robert
. 426
Pellet, Stephen ....
324
Robertson, Robert
. 308
Pellett, Thomas ....
56
Robertson, William .
. 358
Pemberton, Christopher Robert .
450
Robinson, Nicholas
. 108
Pennington, Sir Isaac
320
Rogerson, John .
. 418
Pepys, Sir Lucas
304
Romayne, Nicholas .
. 446
Peters, Charles ....
143
Ross, David
. 171
Petit, John Lewis
280
Rowley, William
. 340
Phelan, Joseph ....
360
Russe, Thomas .
. 116
Pile, George ....
150
Russell, Alexander
. 230
Pinckard, George
436
Russell, Richard
. 149
Pitcairn, David ....
353
Rutty, William .
. 74
Pitcairn, William
172
Plomer, John ....
57
Salmon, Nathaniel
. 26
Plumptre, Henry
24
Samuda, Isaac de Sequeyra
. 82
CONTENTS.
IX
PAGE
Sandeman, Q-eorge . . . 362
Sarmento, Jacob de Castro . . 92
Saunders, Eichard Huck . . 346
Saunders, William . . .399
Savage, Thomas .... 364
Schaw, William . . . .194
Scheuchzer, John Gaspar . . 91
Schomberg, Isaac . . . 295
Schomberg, Meyer Low . . 81
Scot, William . . . .420
Scott, Charles . . . .418
Scott, Joseph Nicoll . . .218
Sequira, Isaac Henrique . . 291
Shadwell, Sir John ... 37
Shaw, Joseph .... 418
Shaw, Peter . . . .190
Sheppard, John .... 14
Sherard, James .... 127
Silvester, Sir John Baptist . . 178
Simmons, Samuel Foart . . 318
Sims, James .... 317
Sims, John .... 322
Skeete, Thomas .... 369
Smith, Hugh . . . .241
Smyth, James Carmichael . . 383
Somers, Edmund . . . 419
Sprengell, Sir Conrad Joachim . 64
Spry, Edward . . . .281
Squire, John . . . .366
Stack, Eichard William . . 299
Stanger, Christopher . . .396
Steighertahl, John Q-eorge . . 38
Stone, Arthur Daniel . . . 445
Story, Thomas . . . .427
Strother, Edward ... 77
I Stukeley, William ... 71
Stuart, Alexander . . .109
Sutton, John .... 149
Sutton, Thomas . . . 399
Swinton, Peter .... 277
Taprell, John . . . .283
PAGE
Tarry, Edward .... 18
Taverner, James . . . 118
Taylor, Eobert .... 79
Taylor, Eobert . . . .167
Teake, Samuel .... 76
Teale, Musshey . . . .82
Teighe, Michael . . . .303
Temple, Eichard ... 421
Tessier, G-eorge Lewis . . 69
Thirlby, Charles ... 18
Thomas, Edward . . . 446
Thomas, Sir Noah . . .218
Thomlinson, Eobert . . . 280
Thompson, Gilbert . . .290
Thomson, David . . . 165
Thomson, George . . . 149
Thynne, Andrew . . . 367
Tomson, Thomas . . . 413
Torre, Christopher Mann . . 330
Tourville, Charles ... 57
Turberville, George ... 95
Turner, Daniel .... 35
Turner, John .... 14
Turner, John .... 25
Turton, John .... 284
Tyson, Eichard .... 59
Tyson, Eichard .... 234
Underwood, Michael . . . 336
Valingen, Francis de . . . 273
Vaughan, James . . . 235
Vaughan, Walter . . . 424
Vaughan, William . . . 274
Vincent, Thomas ... 63
Wadsworth, Thomas ... 63
Wagstaffe, William ... 60
Walker, James .... 273
Walker, Sayer .... 423
Wall, Martin . . . .372
Waller, Benjamin ... 14
CONTENTS
Wallis, Edward .
Walton, John .
Walsh, Philip Pitt .
Warren, Richard
Wasey, William
Wathen, Samuel
Watson, Edmund
Watson, Robert .
Watson, Thomas
Watson, Sir William .
Watts, John
Watts, Richard .
Watts, William .
Wayman, Luke .
Webster, Charles
Wells, William Charles
Welsh, James .
Welstead, Robert
West, Thomas .
Whalley, Thomas
Wharton, Q-eorge
Wharton, Thomas
Wharton, Tobias
Whitaker, William .
White, Thomas .
Whitehead, John
PAQB
PAGE
297
Wigan, John
. 121
171
Wightman, Robert .
. 461
363
Wilbraham, Thomas .
. 194
242
Willan, Robert .
. 350
89
Williams, Q-eorge
. 467
212
Williams, William
. 265
128
Willis, Robert Darling
. 464
180
Wilmot, Sir Edward .
. 106
344
Wintringham, Clifton
. 34
348
Wintringham, Sir Clifton .
. 250
18
Wollaston, Charlton .
. 229
113
Wollaston, William Hyde .
. 438
204
Wood, William .
. 91
268
Woodford, William .
. 115
442
Woodhouse, William .
. 150
379
Woodville, William .
. 345
299
* Woodward, John
6
32
Wright, John
6
59
Wright, Kervin .
. 150
14
Wright, Richard
. 87
74
Wright, Richard
. 302
197
Wynter, Daniel .
. 82
14
131
Yellowly, John .
. 471
129
Yonge, James
2
328
Young, Joshua .
. 117
ROLL
OF THE
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS
OF LONDON.
JOHN FLAERTON, of Haverfordwest was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College 21st April, 1701.
WILLIAM MAUNDY, M.B. A bachelor of medicine of
Pembroke college, Cambridge, of 1693 ; was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 2nd
July, 1701. Dr. Maundy practised at Canterbury.
HUMPHREY BROOKE, M.D., was educated at Caius
college, Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded
M.B. in 1689, and M.D. 3rd July, 1694. He was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians the day
after Palm Sunday, 1695; and a Fellow 22nd December,
1701. He was Censor in 1702, 1711, 1713, 1715 ;
Elect, in place of Dr. Gill, 31st July, 1714 ; and Kegis-
trar, vice Dr. Bateman, 26th March, 1716. Dr. Brooke
held that office for two years ; and dying in 1718, aged
fifty -two, was buried in the church of St. Andrew Un-
dershaft.
SIMON BROWN, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Utrecht of 1695, practising in Shropshire, was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians, 20th
May, 1702.
VOL. II. B
2 ROLL OF THE [1702
JAMES YONGE was the son of Mr. John Yonge, a sur-
geon at Plymouth, and was born in that town llth
May, 1646. He was educated at the Plymouth Gram-
mar school under Mr. Horsemann, where he remained
only two years, being, in the early part of 1657, ere he
had attained his eleventh year, apprenticed to Mr. Rich-
mond, surgeon of the " Constant Warwick," a ship of 31
guns and 130 men. In May, 1661, he was appointed
surgeon's assistant to the "Montague/' 64 guns, and 250
men, one of the fleet then lying at the Downs under
lord Sandwich. He was present at the bombardment
of Algiers, and in his diary (still preserved in MS. at
the Plymouth institution) has left a painfully detailed
account of the menial duties he had to perform, and of
his sufferings, more especially after a battle. He went
down, he informs us, to dress the wounded men, who
were placed on heaps of clothes to make it soft for them.
Here he had not only to dress wounds, but to perform
all those duties which now devolve on nurses and surgery
attendants. To boil gruel, to make barley-water for the
sufferers, to prepare fomentations and poultices, to wash
and dry bandages and rollers, to administer glysters,
make the hammocks, to shave and trim any one requir-
ing it, were the duties, besides the ordinary business of
the surgery, which it fell to his lot to perform when
surgeon's assistant to the "Montague."
The fleet returned to England in May, 1662, when
Mr. Yonge was discharged for a time from the service
of the navy. He then came to London with the view
of improving himself in the knowledge and practice of
surgery, and spent four months with Mr. Clark, a sur-
geon apothecary of Wapping, where he confesses he
learned a great deal. Mr. Yonge returned to Plymouth
in September, 1662, and bound himself to his father for
seven years. The apprenticeship, however, lasted for a
short time only. In February, 1663, he was engaged
to go as surgeon of the " Reformation " to Newfound-
land. He returned in September ; and in March, 1664,
sailed in the " Bonaventure " for the West African coast,
1702] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 3
then went up the Mediterranean, and, returning to
England, again received a temporary discharge from the
service. In December, 1665, he again sailed in the
same ship, but ere long the " Bonaventure " was cap-
tured by two Dutch vessels. Mr. Yonge, with the other
prisoners, was conveyed to Amsterdam, and remained a
close prisoner of war until September, when he got out
on parole. Shortly afterwards he was exchanged for a
relative of the secretary of the Dutch admiralty, then in
prison at Harwich; and, returning to England, pro-
ceeded through London to Plymouth. There he re-
mained, partly occupied in practice, by which, to use
his own words, he made a little money to maintain
himself; and partly in study, until February, 1668,
when he sailed once more for Newfoundland. He finally
returned to Plymouth in September, 1670, and then,
after fourteen years' naval service, took leave of the sea
with the resolution of settling in his native town, and
attempting by the exercise of his profession, to main-
tain himself at home. Mr. Yonge was in his 25th year
when he settled at Plymouth ; and he obtained, for a
beginner, a considerable amount of business. In the
following year he married Miss Jane Crarupphorne, of
Buckland Monachorum, a lady of respectable family and
connectioDS, whose mother had a near relative married
to Sir Thomas Clifford of Chudleigh, the high treasurer
of England. In consequence of the war which had
broken out with the French and Dutch, a naval hospital
was established at Plymouth, and to it Mr. Yonge,
through the interest of the treasurer, was appointed
surgeon. This proved a steady source of professional
income. The surgeon-general of the navy, Mr. James
Pearse, appointed Mr. Yonge his deputy at Plymouth
in 1674, an office which brought him no inconsiderable
accession of emolument. In 1678 Mr. Yonge visited
London in company with Mr. Sparke, then M.P. for
Plymouth, and whilst there was introduced to some of
the more distinguished fellows of the Royal Society.
In consequence of a conversation with some eminent
B 2
4 ROLL OF THE [1702
literary characters during this visit to London, Mr.
Yonge was led to write his most important work, the
" Currus Triumphalis de Terebintho." This small trea-
tise is full of originality, contains many most important
practical suggestions, and notwithstanding the quaint-
ness of its phraseology, and the vast improvement which
surgery has since undergone, may still be read with
amusement and instruction. He gives a full account
of turpentine as a means of arresting haemorrhage, dis-
tinctly describes the flap operation in amputation, and
shows that he was familiar with a contrivance analogous
to the tourniquet, for the arrest of haemorrhage during
operations.
Mr. Yonge now became a person of much importance
in his native town, and was called upon to fill in suc-
cession the highest parochial and civic offices. He was
elected a member of the common council for the borough
of Plymouth in 1679, churchwarden of St. Andrew's in
1682, and in 1694 alderman and mayor of Plymouth.
He was appointed surgeon to lord Bath's regiment of
militia in 1685, an office which was relinquished in
1689, the duties proving incompatible with his rapidly
increasing professional engagements at Plymouth. A
more suitable office however, awaited him. In 1692
he was appointed surgeon to the new dock at Hamoaze,
and in consequence of this appointment had to visit
London. During his stay he attended Dr. Tyson's
anatomical lectures at Surgeon's hall, dined at the
public dinner given by the Company, was made free,
and without examination admitted a member, an honour
which, he states, had never before been thus conferred
on any one.
In what year he began to practise as a physician is
uncertain. We know that he possessed a licence from
the bishop of the diocese to act in that capacity. In
1702, being then in London, he was induced to present
himself before the College of Physicians for examina-
tion as an Extra-Licentiate. Of the examination he
underwent (23rd May, 1702) he has left a detailed
1702] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 5
account. For a copy of this interesting and probably
unique document, as well as for much other valuable in-
formation, I am indebted to the courtesy and kindness
of a learned Fellow of our college, the late Dr. James
Yonge, of Plymouth, a direct descendant of the dis-
tinguished practitioner whose career I am now attempt-
ing to sketch. Our physician, for so henceforward we
must consider him, was, it would seem, urged by his
friend Dr. Charleton to apply for letters testimonial.
Of the president, Sir Thomas Millington, and of Dr.
Charleton and Dr. Torlesse, two other of his examiners,
he speaks in terms of the highest respect and kind-
ness. His estimate of Dr. Samuel Collins, the author
of a well-known work on anatomy, is not so favour-
able. All, however, complimented him on the appear-
ance he had made, and treated him, he says, quite as
their equal. His answers prove him to have been a
man of much originality, of deep thought, and well
versed in the practice of his art. He was elected a
fellow of the Royal Society 3rd November, 1 702, and
his contributions to the Philosophical Transactions are
numerous and important.
In 1703, being then in the fifty-seventh year of his
age, and having attained a good estate and more pro-
fessional employment than he desired, feeling anxious
too for relaxation and ease, he declined public business
and employment. Thenceforward he lived somewhat
retired, though not without usefulness. In 1707 he
embalmed the body of admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell,
who had lost his life in the wreck of the "Association "
off the Scilly Isles, and whose body had been brought
to the citadel at Plymouth, nine days after. This
would seem to have been the last professional duty
which he performed. Our physician survived for many
years, and dying the 25th July, 1721, was buried in
St. Andrew's church, Plymouth. On the monument
to his memory is the following inscription :
Here underneath,
lyeth buried the body
6 ROLL OF THE [1702
of JAMES YONGE, Physitian,
Fellow of the Royal Society.
He was once Mayor of this his
native town, and dyed the 25th
day of July, 1721, in the 76th year
of his age.
He was the author of-
Some Considerations touching the Debates, &c., concerning the
Newfoundland Trade. 4to. 1670.
Currus Triumphalis de Terebintho. 8vo. 1679.
Wound of the Brain proved curable. 12mo. 1685.
Medicator Medicatus. 8vo. 1685.
Sidrophel Vapulans. 4to. 1699.
Several Evidences which have not yet appeared in the Controversy
on Kikon Basalic.*
PATRICK HEPBURN, A.M. A master of arts of the
university of Edinburgh, was admitted an Extra-Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 4th November,
1702.
JOHN BRANTHWAIT, M.D., was educated at Caius
college, Cambridge, of which house he was a fellow. He
proceeded A.B. 1687 ; A.M. 1691 ; and M.D. 2nd July,
1700 ; was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 23rd December, 1700 ; and a Fellow 22nd March,
1702-3. He delivered the Gulstonian lectures (de
Hepate) in 1704 ; and was Censor in 1705, 1708, and
1711. He was dead in 1716.
JOHN WRIGHT, M.D., was the son of Thomas "Wright,
of Woodstone, co. Huntingdon, and was educated at St.
John's college, Cambridge ; as a member of which house
he proceeded A.B. 1671; A.M. 1675; and M.D. 1st
July, 1684. He was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 25th June, 1698 ; and a Fellow 22nd
March, 1702-3. Dr. Wright's name had disappeared
from the College lists in 1719.
JOHN WOODWARD, M.D., was born in Derbyshire, on
* Edinb. Med. and Surg. Journal for April, 1849.
1702] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 7
the 1st May, 1665 ; and educated at a country school,
where he acquired a good knowledge of Latin, and made
considerable progress in Greek. On leaving school he
was apprenticed to a linen draper in London, but he
soon withdrew from that employment ; when, following
the dictates of his inclination, he devoted himself solely
to study. Whilst thus occupied, he made the acquaint-
ance of Dr. Peter Barwick, an accomplished physician
and distinguished Fellow of our College, who received
him into his house ; and during four years gave him
instruction in anatomy, medicine, and the collateral
sciences. He then visited Sir Ralph Dutton, at his
seat at Sherborne, where he began those observations
and collections relating to the present state of the
earth's surface, which laid the foundation of his subse-
quent geological writings. Woodward's progress was
so satisfactory to his patron that, through his influence
and recommendation he was, on the 13th January, 1692,
elected to the Gresham professorship of physic. In the
following year he was admitted a fellow of the Royal
Society, and was often elected on the Council ; but in
1710 was expelled that body, for conduct unbecoming
a gentleman. Sir Hans Sloane was reading a paper of
his own composition, when Woodward made some grossly
insulting remarks. Sir Hans complained, and, more-
over, stated that this was not the only occasion on
which Dr. Woodward's conduct towards himself had
been offensive. Woodward was required by the other
members to make an apology, but refused, and was
therefore expelled. Sir Isaac Newton was in the chair
when the question of expulsion was agitated ; and when
it was pleaded in Woodward's favour that he was a
good natural philosopher, Sir Isaac remarked that, " in
order to belong to that society, a man ought to be a
good moral philosopher, as well as a natural one." Dr.
Woodward brought an action against the council, with
the view of being reinstated in his place, but was unsuc-
cessful.
He was created doctor of medicine by Tenison, arch- v
8 ROLL OF THE [1702
bishop of Canterbury, 4th February, 1695 ; and was
incorporated on that degree at Cambridge, as a member
of Pembroke college. He was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 25th June, 1698 ; and a Fel-
low 22nd March, 1702-3 ; was Censor in 1703, 1714 ;
and delivered the Gulstonian lectures " on the Bile and
its uses," in January, 1710-1. Dr. Woodward was
more distinguished as a natural philosopher than as a
physician. His practice, according to his contemporary
and neighbour, Dr. Daniel Turner, consisted principally
of " vomits and canthartics administered alternately, de
die in diem, till the sick man grows tired, or, being quite
spent, is forced to give over." Turner, who was himself
a practitioner of some notoriety, expresses his surprise
that the " great naturalist " should have prevailed with
so many of the softer sex to run this vomiting gauntlet
for six weeks or two months successively. Woodward
was indeed but an indifferent practitioner, and is only
remembered, in his professional capacity, by his contro-
versy with Mead and Friend, on the utility of purging
in the secondary fever of small-pox. In this encounter
he suffered no less in reputation than in body. The ire
of each party was excited. Mead and Woodward, meet-
ing accidentally under the gate of Gresham college, drew
their swords. Woodward's foot slipped and he fell.
" Take your life !" exclaimed Mead. " Anything but
your physic," replied Woodward, with cutting sarcasm.
This affair has been somewhat maliciously commemo-
rated by Ward, in the engraved frontispiece to his
" History of the Gresham Professors."
Dr. Woodward's merits as a geologist, were, however,
of a high order ; and his " Essay towards a Natural
History of the Earth," published in 1695, when he was
only thirty years of age, attracted much attention, and
gained him considerable reputation. " Among the con-
temporaries of Hooke and Ray," says Mr. Lyell,
" Woodward, a professor of medicine, had acquired the
most extensive information respecting the geological
structure of the crust of the earth." He left to the
1702] BOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 9
university of Cambridge his valuable collection of fossils,
with funds for the maintenance of the collection, and the
endowment of a professorship on his favourite subject,
geology. The formation of this museum was regarded
by Dr. Whewell as one of the most remarkable occur-
rences in the progress of descriptive geology in England.
The Woodwardian museum still subsists, a monument
of the sagacity with which its author so early saw the
importance of such a collection.
Dr. Woodward died of a decline, at his apartments
in Gresham college, 26th April, 1728, in the 63rd year
of his age ; and was buried in Westminster abbey,
where a handsome monument of white marble bears the
following inscription to his memory :
M.S.
JOHANNIS WOODWARD,
medici celeberrimi,
philosophi nobilissimi,
cujus,
ingenium et doctrinam
scripta, per terrarum fere orbem
pervulgata,
liberalitatem vero et patria3 caritatem
Academia Cantabrigiensis, rrmni-
ficientia ejus aucta,
opibus ornata,
in perpetimm declarabit.
Natns kal. Mail, A.D. 1665 ;
obiit 7 kal. Mail, 1728.
Richardus King,
tribunus militum, fabrumque preefectus,
amico optime de se merito
D. S. P.*
Dr. Woodward was a valued contributor to the Philo-
sophical Transactions, and published therein his dis-
covery of the secret of making Prussian blue. His
separate works are as follows :
An Essay towards a Natural History of the Earth and Terrestrial
* For much in this brief sketch I am indebted to Mr. Weld's
History of the Royal Society.
10 BOLL OF THE [1702
Bodies, especially minerals ; as also of the Sea, Rivers, and Springs ;
with an Account of the Universal Deluge, and of the Effects that
it had upon the Earth. 8vo. Lond. 1695.
Remarks upon the Ancient and Present state of London, occa-
sioned by some Roman Urns, Coins, and other Antiquities lately
discovered. 8vo. Lond. 1713.
Naturalis Historia Telluris illustrata et aucta, una cum ejusdem
Defensione, praesertim contra nuperas objectiones Camerarii. 8vo.
Lond. 1714.
The State of Physick and Diseases, with an Inquiry into the Causes
of the late increase of them, but more particularly of the Small-pox,
with some Considerations upon the new practice of Purging in that
Disease. 8vo. Lond. 1718.
GEORGE COLEBROOK, M.D., was of Emmanuel college,
Cambridge. He was created master of arts (Comitiis
Regiis) 1690; proceeded M.D. in 1697; was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Sep-
tember, 1698 ; and a Fellow 22nd March, 1702-3. Dr.
Colebrook delivered the Gulstonian lectures " on the
Vessels of the Thorax," in 1707, and the Harveian
Oration in 1711. He was Censor in 1708, 1710, 1712 ;
and was named an Elect, in place of Dr. Goodall de-
ceased, 14th October, 1712. He died 24th July, 1716,
and is commemorated in our Annals as " a very worthy,
honest man, learned and industrious in his profession.
He had," continues the record, " a great affection to the
interests of the College."
GIDEON HARVEY, M.D., was born about the year
1669, and on the 12th May, 1688, was inscribed on the
philosophy line at Leyden. He graduated doctor of
medicine at Leyden in 1690 (D.M.I, de Febre Ardente,
4 to), and was created doctor of medicine at Cambridge
(per literas Regias) in 1698 as a member of Catherine
hall. Dr. Gideon Harvey was admitted a Candidate
of the College of Physicians 3rd April, 1699, and a
Fellow 22nd March, 1702-3. He was Censor in 1714,
1726; Consiliarius in 1736, 1737, 1742, 1743, 1744,
1747, and was named an Elect in 1716. He died in
1754 or the following year, being then the father of the
College. Dr. Harvey held the lucrative appointment of
1702] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 11
physician to the Tower of London. " About the latter
end of king William's reign," says Mr. Wadd, " there was
a great debate who should succeed the deceased physi-
cian to the Tower. The contending parties were so
equally matched in their interests and pretensions that
it was extremely difficult to determine which should
have the preference. The matter was at length brought
to a compromise, and Gideon Harvey was promoted to
that office for the same reason that Sextus Y was ad-
vanced to the pontificate, because he was in appearance
sickly and infirm, and his death was expected in a few
months. He, however, survived not only his rivals, but
all his contemporary physicians, and died after he had
enjoyed his sinecure above fifty years."* .
* Gideon Harvey, the physician to the Tower, is not to be con-
founded, as has hitherto been done, and was so by me in the former
edition, with another person of his name, probably his father,
Gideon Harvey, M.D., the author of the " Conclave of Physicians,"
and many other small books of questionable character, who was not
of our London College. This Gideon Harvey, M.D., senior, was born
about 1637, and educated in the Low Countries, where he acquired
a good knowledge of Latin and Greek. He was admitted at Exeter
college, Oxford, but left that university without; aking a degree.
Going thence to Leyden, where I meet with him in January, 1657,
he studied under Vander Linden, Vanhorne, and Vorstius, all
teachers of acknowledged excellence. He was taught chemistry by
a German then residing at Leyden, and there also he learned the
practical part of surgery and the business of an apothecary. After
this he visited France, and on his return to Holland was appointed
physician in ordinary to king Charles II, then in exile. On the
title page of one of his books, " A New Discourse of the Small Pox
and Malignant Fevers," 16mo., Lond., 1685, he styles himself, "in
the time of the Rebellion, Fellow of the College of Physicians at
the Hague." Harvey subsequently returned to England, and was
shortly sent to Flanders, as physician to the English army there ;
but getting tired of his appointment he resigned his commission,
travelled through Germany into Italy, spent some time at Padua,
Bologna, and Rome, and then returned through Switzerland and
Holland to England. He had probably taken a doctor's degree at
Leyden, ere leaving that university. The date of his death thus far
escapes me. His books, which were numerous, attained a certain
notoriety in their day, but were never esteemed by the profession.
He seems, says one account of him, to have been " an hypothetical
prater throughout, and to have differed just as much from his great
namesake, the discoverer of the circulation, as a quack differs from
12 BOLL OF THE [1703
SIR DAVID HAMILTON, M.D., was a native of Scot-
land. On the 30th October, 1683, being then twenty
years of age, he entered on the physic line at Leyden.
He graduated doctor of medicine in the university
of Paris (D.M.L de Passione Hysterica, 4to. 1686),
and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 9th April., 1688. On the 25th June, 1703,
being then physician in ordinary to the queen, he was
admitted a Fellow of the College. He was admitted a
fellow of the Eoyal Society 5th May, 1708. Sir David
Hamilton was the leading practitioner of midwifery in
the metropolis, and is said to have amassed in the ex-
ercise of his profession a fortune of 80,000^., all of
which was lost in one year, 1720, in the South Sea
a true physician." The following list includes the chief of his publi-
cations :
Archeologia Philosophica Nova, or New Principles of Philosophy.
4to. Lond. 1668.
A Discourse of the Plague. 4to. Lond. 1665.
Morbus Anglicus, or the Anatomy of Consumptions. 12mo.
Lond. 1666.
Little Venus Unmasked, or a perfect discovery of the French
Pox. 12mo. Lond. 1671.
Great Venus Unmasked, or a more exact discovery of the Vene-
real Disease. 8vo. Lond. 1672.
De Febribus Tractatus theoreticus, et practicus prsecipue, quo
Praxin curandarum Febrium continuarum modernam esse lethiferam
et barbaram abunde patent. 8vo. Lond. 1672.
The Disease of London, or a New Discovery of the Scurvy. 8vo.
Lond. 1674.
The Conclave of Physicians, in two Parts, detecting their In-
trigues, Frauds, and Plots against their Patients, &c. 12mo. Lond.
1683.
The Family Physician and the House Apothecary. 18mo. Lond.
1676.
A Memorable Case of a Nobleman ; moreover the Art of Curing
the most dangerous of Wounds by the first Intention. 8vo. Lond.
1685.
The Art of Curing Diseases by Expectation. 12mo. Lond. 1689.
The Vanities of Philosophy and Physic. 3rd edit. 8vo. Lond.
1702.
A Treatise of the Small Pox and Measles. 12mo. Lond. 1696.
His portrait, probably at Exeter college, Oxford, was engraved
by Pierre Phillippe.
1703] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 13
scheme.""" " He was," says Daniel Turner, " better
qualified for the chirurgical operation of delivery than
the medical province of prescription."! He lived in
Bow-lane, and died 28th August, 1721, being then
physician to the princess of Wales.
He was the author of
Tractatus duplex ; prior de Praxeos Regulis ; alter de Febre
Miliari. 8vo. Lond. 1710;
and of some pamphlets of a religious tendency. In
"The Private Christian's Witness to the Truth of
Christianity," he represents it as the matter of his
frequent experience, that future events were pointed
out to him in the course of his praying, in such a man-
ner that he could judge as to the success he should
have in his undertakings.
ROGER KENYON, A.B., was the son of Edward Ken-
yon, rector of Prestwich, in Lancashire. He was edu-
cated at Stockport school, was admitted a pensioner of
St. John's college, Cambridge, 10th April, 1682, com-
menced A.B. 1685, and was elected a fellow of his col-
lege. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 22nd December, 1703. He was a non-juror
and died at St. Germains. He was instrumental in
the publication of Charles Leslie's works in 2 vols.
folio, 1721.
ROBERT NASMYTH was admitted an Extra-Licenti-
ate of the College of Physicians llth February, 1703-4.
He practised at Great Yarmouth.
* Houston's Memoirs of his own Lifetime. 8vo. Lond. 1653
p. 82.
f "Vitse integritate spectabilis, literis doctus, et in arte suaperitus
extitit David Hamilton, Medicus Annas reginae. Vir quam maxime
benignus, pauperes eegrotos ssepe visitavit, et non solum remedia
praescripsit, sed quidquid, arte sua, die Dominica acquisivit iis libe-
raliter largitus est ; facinus eo magis laude dignum, quod non
gloriose sed quam privatim, actum sit." Oratio Harveiana habita
18 Octobris, 1775, Auctore Donaldo Monro, M.D.
14 ROLL OF THE [170G
EDMUND FROST, a practitioner at Hunston, in Suf-
folk, was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College
26th April, 1704.
THOMAS HODGSON was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 16th March, 1704-5. He
practised at Lancaster.
JOHN SHEPPARD was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
16th April, 1705. He practised at Framlingham, in
Suffolk.
THOMAS WHALLEY was admitted an Extra-Licenti-
ate of the College of Physicians 20th June, 1705. He
was then practising with much repute at Lewes.
TOBIAS WHARTON, of Stockton, in the county of
Durham, was admitted an Extra-Licentiate 10th
August, 1705.
BENJAMIN WALLER, of Newport Pagnell, was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 12th December, 1705.
JOHN TURNER, of Enfield, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College 25th March, 1706.
EDWARD BODENHAM, of Benenden, Kent, was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate 14th June, 1706.
JAMES BAYLES was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
the College 24th June, 1706. He practised at Bidefoid,
North Devon.
JOHN ADDENBROOKE, M.D. A native of Stafford-
shire, was educated at Catherine hall, Cambridge, of
which house he was a fellow. He proceeded A.B. 1701 ;
A.M. 1705 ; and on the 3rd September, 1706, was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians,
1706] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 15
being represented as then of West Bromwicb, in his
native county. He graduated M.D. at Cambridge in
1712, and would seem to have practised his faculty for
some years at Cambridge ; but of his professional career
little is known. He died on the 7th June, 1719, aged
thirty-nine ; and by his will bequeathed about four
thousand pounds " to erect and maintain a small physi-
cal hospital" at Cambridge, now known as Adden-
brooke's hospital. The sum left by Dr. Addenbrooke
being found insufficient for its support, an Act of Par-
liament was obtained in the year 1766, for making it a
general hospital ; and in October of the same year it
was opened for the reception of patients, since which it
has been chiefly supported by voluntary contributions.
It was, however, further endowed in 1813 by Mr. John
Bowtell, a bookseller and stationer in Cambridge, who
bequeathed to the institution 7,OOOZ. Three per cent,
consolidated bank annuities, a portion of which was
appropriated to the addition of two wings. Dr. Adden-
brooke is commemorated by the following inscription in
the chapel of Catherine hall :
M. S.
JOHANNIS ADDENBROOKE, M.D.
de Swinford Regis in Comitatu Staffordise,
hujus Collegii olim Socii.
Obiit 7 mo die Junii An Dom: 1719. JSt: 39.
JAMES DRAKE, M.D., was born at Cambridge, in
1667. He was educated at Caius college, and as a
member of that house proceeded M.B. 1690, M.D. 1694.
Settling in London, he was patronised by Sir Thomas
Millington, and some other eminent physicians, and in
1701 was elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
25th June, 1698 ; and a Fellow 30th September, 1706.
Dr. Drake was a man of warm feelings, and, preferring
politics to physic, became a violent party writer. He
was concerned in 169 7 in the publication of a pamphlet,
entitled " Commendatory Verses upon the Author of
prince Arthur and king Arthur ;" and in 1 702 he pub-
1C KOLL OP THE [l70G
lished " The History of the last Parliament begun at
Westminster Feb. 10, in the 12th year of king William,
A.D. 1700." The House of Lords, thinking that this
work reflected too severely on the memory of the king,
summoned the author before them in May, 1702, and
ordered him to be prosecuted by the attorney-general.
He was brought to trial, but acquitted. In 1704 Dr.
Drake, in concert with Mr. Poley, the member for
Ipswich, wrote " The Memorial of the Church of Eng-
land, humbly offered to the consideration of all true
lovers of the Church and Constitution." This pamphlet
was anonymous, and every precaution was taken by
the authors to elude discovery. The treasurer Godol-
phin, and the other great officers of the Crown, therein
severely reflected on, were so incensed at the publica-
tion that they represented it to the queen, as an insult
on her honour, and as conveying an intimation that the
Church was in danger under her administration. In the
speech from the throne, 27th October, 1705, her Majesty
alluded to " The Memorial," and was addressed by both
Houses of Parliament upon that occasion. Soon after-
wards the queen, on the petition of the House of Com-
mons, issued a proclamation for discovering the author
of the pamphlet. Drake was generally suspected, but
proof could not be obtained against him ; and even the
masked female who conveyed the MS. to the printer
could never be discovered. Parliament, however, was
not the only body that resented the publication ; for
the grand jury of the city of London having presented it
at the sessions, as " a false, scandalous, and traitorous
libel," it was forthwith burnt in the sight of the Court
then sitting, and afterwards before the Royal Exchange
by the common hangman. In April, 1706, Dr. Drake
was prosecuted for the publication of " Mercurius Poli-
ticus," a newspaper which reflected seriously upon the
conduct of Government. The case was argued in the
court of Queen's Bench, when, upon a flaw in the infor-
mation, the trial was adjourned ; and in November fol-
lowing the doctor was acquitted ; but the Government
1706] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 17
brought a writ of error. The severity of this prosecu-
tion, joined to repeated disappointments, and, it is said,
ill-usage from some of his political party, produced a
fever, and that fever death, on the 2nd March, 1706-7.*
" Dr. Drake was a man of quick, pregnant parts, well
stored with learning, and improved by good conversa-
tion. He had a great mastery of the English tongue,
and wrote with ease and fluency, in a manly style.
Though various judgments were passed upon his politi-
cal writings, according to people's different humours,
passions, and interests, yet all agreed in commending
his way of writing."!
Dr. Drake is remembered in the profession by his
" Anthropologia Nova ; or a New System of Anatomy,
describing the Animal Economy, and a Short Rationale
of many Distempers incident to Human Bodies," 2 vols.
8vo. ; a work once highly and deservedly popular, which
was finished a short time only before the author's decease,
and was published in 1707, with a commendatory pre-
face by Dr. Wagstafie, reader of anatomy at Surgeons'
hall, and physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital. It
came to a second edition in 1717, and to a third in
1727, and continued to maintain its popularity until
displaced by the " Anatomy," of Cheselden. Dr.
Drake added notes to the English translation of " Le
Clerc's History of Medicine ;" and in the " Philosophical
Transactions" there is a clever paper from his pen, " On
an Influence of Respiration on the Motion of the Heart,
hitherto unobserved." He was also the author of a
comedy, " The Sham Lawyer, or the Lucky Extrava-
gant," chiefly borrowed from two of Fletcher's plays,
which was produced at the Theatre Royal. In 1703 he
sent to the press "Historia Anglo-Scotica ; or, an Impar-
tial History of all that happened between the Kings
* "The second day of this month (March, 1706-7) Dr. James
Drake, Fellow of this College, died of a fever : a gentleman of very
pregnant parts and good learning, as appears by the writings he has
left behind him, and deserved a much better treatment from the
great world than he met with in it." Annals, vol. vii, p 244.
f Biographia Britannica.
VOL. II. C
18 ROLL OF THE [1707
and Kingdoms of England and Scotland, from the be-
ginning of the reign of William the Conqueror to the
reign of queen Elizabeth." This was publicly burnt at
Edinburgh, as his " Memorial " had been in London.
The " Memorial" was reprinted in 1711, with an intro-
ductory preface containing the life of the author, a
memoir which has formed the basis of all subsequent
sketches of this unfortunate man. His portrait by
Thomas Foster was engraved by M. Van Gucht.
JAMES KEITH, M.D. A doctor of medicine of Aber-
deen, of 15th July, 1704 ; was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 30th September, 1706. He
died 1st November, 1726.
JOHN WATTS, of Aylesbury, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 5th December,
1706.
RALPH GILBERT, LL.D., was educated at Trinity
hah 1 , Cambridge, of which society he beca.me a fellow.
He proceeded LL.B. 1698 ; LL.D. 1705 ; and was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 17th
April, 1707.
EDWARD TARRY, of South Minims, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate 28th April, 1707.
CHARLES THIRLBY, of Bristol, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 26th June,
1707.
THOMAS BROWNE, M.D., was the only son of Dr.
Edward Browne, a distinguished fellow, and for seven
years President of our College, by his wife, a daughter
of Christopher Terne, M.D. He was bora in London,
and baptized at St. Andrew's Undershaft, 21st January,
1672-3, but spent most of his childhood at Norwich
with his grandfather, the distinguished author of the
1707] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 19
" Religio Medici," and in that city would seem to have
received his rudimentary education. At a suitable age
he was sent to Cambridge, and entered at Trinity col-
lege, as a member of which he proceeded M.B. 1695,
M.D. 1700. He was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 30th September, 1704, and a Fellow
30th September, 1707. On the death of his father, in
1708, Dr. Thomas Browne came into possession of a
good house and estate at Northfleet, Kent, and retiring
thither, gave way, if we may credit Le Neve's state-
ment, to habits of gross intemperance. He was killed
in 1710, by a fall from his horse, while riding in a state
of intoxication from Gravesend to Southfleet. His re-
mains were interred in the church of Northfleet, and at
the foot of his father's monument is the following short
memento :
Hie etiam situs est THOMAS BROWNE, M.D., ejusdem Edwardi
Browne filius unicus. Ex hac vita migravit Anno ^Etatis 36 An-
noque Domini 1710.
In 1698 he had married his cousin Alethea, fourth
and youngest daughter of his uncle Henry Fairfax, esq.,
but she died in 1704, leaving no children, and was
buried at Hurst, in Berkshire. Among the Sloan e
MSS. (No. 1,900) is an account in Dr. Thomas
Browne's handwriting of a tour he took, in company
with Dr. Robert Plot, " for the discovery of antiqui-
ties and curiosities in England." This was published
for the first time in Mr. Wilkin's excellent edition of
the works of Sir Thomas Browne.
SAMUEL ESTEVE, M.D. A French Protestant refu-
fee, and a doctor of medicine of Montpelier, of 22nd
uly, 1673, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1707. His marriage with
Marie Jacquin, in 1694, is recorded in the register of
the French chapel, Hungerford market. * In his will
* Burns' History of the French, Walloon, and other foreign Pro-
testant refugees, p. 148.
c 2
20 ROLL OF THE [1708
he gives the reversion of fifty pounds per annum to the
congregation of French Protestants then assembling in
the parish of St. Martin Orgars, in the city.
KICHARD MORTON, M.D., was the only son of Dr.
Eichard Morton, a Fellow of the College before men-
tioned. He was created doctor of medicine at Cam-
bridge, as a member of Catherine hall, in 1695 ; was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1696 : and a Fellow 22nd December, 1707.
Dr. Morton was appointed physician to Greenwich hos-
pital, in April, 1716, and died there 1st February, 1729-
30. He has some verses prefixed to his father's Pyre-
tologia.
FRANCIS BELLINGER. An undergraduate of Brase-
nose college, Oxford, was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 29th March, 1708. He practised
for a time at Stamford, but eventually removed to Lon-
don, and died in September, 1721. He was the author
of a work entitled
A Discourse concerning the Nutrition of the Foetus in the Womb.
8vo. Lond. 1717.
A Treatise concerning the Small Pox. 8vo. Lond. 1721.
LAWRENCE BANYER was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College 26th May, 1708. He practised at
Wisbeach. Two of this name were buried at Wis-
beach; which was the Extra- Licentiate I have no means
of determining. The following certified copy, from the
" Register Books of Wisbeach, St. Peter and St. Paul,"
is before me :
Burials. 1720. June 7th. Lawrence Banyer, Gent.
1728. Jan. 26. Lawrence Banyer, Grent.
FRANCIS LEE, A.M. A native of Surrey, born 2nd
March, 1661, was educated at Merchant Taylor's school,
whence he was elected in 1679 probationary fellow of
St. John's college, Oxford, as a member of which he
1708] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 21
proceeded A.B. 9th May, 1683 ; A.M. 19th March,
1686. In 1691 he was deprived of his fellowship, for
being a non-juror, and diverting to medicine, proceeded
to Leyden, and on the llth May, 1692, being then thirty
years of age, was inscribed on the physic line there. He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
25th June, 1708. He died at Gravelines 23rd August,
1719.
JOHN LACY, of Berkhampstead, co. Herts, was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 22nd July, 1708.
JAMES LADDS, M.D., was educated at Caius college,
Cambridge. On the 27th May, 1689, he was entered
on the physic line at Leyden. Returning to Cambridge,
he proceeded M.B. 1690 ; M.D. 3rd July, 1695. He
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1707, and a Fellow 23rd December,
1708. He was Censor in 1715, 1722, and dying 3rd
January, 1724-5, was buried on the 12th at St.
Andrew's, Holborn.
WILLIAM GRIMBALSTON, M.D., was educated at Je-
sus college, Cambridge, as a member of which he pro-
ceeded master of arts in 1688 ; and on the 1st of Octo-
ber in that year was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians. The College having been ordered
by the queen to name a physician to attend the fleet
and soldiers designed for the West Indies, recommended
Dr. Grimbalston, who had expressed his willingness to
undertake that office. He was appointed to it. Pro-
ceeding doctor of medicine at Cambridge in 1696, he
was admitted a Candidate of the College 22nd De-
cember, 1707, and a Fellow 23rd December, 1708. Dr.
Grimbalston married Mary, a daughter of Philip Chet-
wode, of Oakley hall, co. Stafford, esq., by his wife,
Hester, daughter and heiress of William Touchet, of
Whitley, in the county of Chester, esq. Dr. Grimbal-
ston died 29th September, 1725.
22 KOLL OF THE [1708
HENRY LEVETT, M.D., was the son of William Levett,
of Swindon, co. Wilts, esq., and was educated at the
Charterhouse. On the 12th June, 1686, being then
eighteen years old, he was matriculated at Magdalen
hall, Oxford, and in July of the same year was elected
demy of Magdalen college ; but being elected to a fellow-
ship at Exeter college, he removed thither, and as a
member of that house proceeded A.B. 24th November,
1 692 ; A.M. 7th July, 1694 ; M.B. 4th June, 1695 ; and
M.D. 22nd April, 1699. He was admitted a Candidate
of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1707 ; and
a Fellow 23rd December, 1708 ; was Censor in 1717 ;
Treasurer, 1718, 1719, 1720, and again for 1723 and
1724. He was physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital,
and to the Charterhouse ; to the first he was elected
29th April, 1707, to the second in 1713. Dr. Levett
restored, or more properly rebuilt the physician's house
at the Charterhouse, and left to his successors in that
office the commodious residence in Charterhouse-square,
on the left of the archway leading into the Charterhouse.
He died at this his residence, in July, 1725. He was
buried in the chancel of the Charterhouse chapel, where
there is a monument with the following inscription :
H. S. E.
Apud suos Carthusianos,
quos ita semper unice dilexit et coluit,
ut, quorum intra parietes enutritus est,
in iisdem vivere voluerit et mori
HENRICUS LEVETT, M.D.
qui,
Oxonise
e Collegio S. Magdalenae
in Socium cooptatus Exoniensem :
Lcradini
Nbscomio S. Bartholomaei preepositus,
et in Regali Medicorum Societate
non una vice et Censor et Thesaurarius :
ad bujusce insuper Hospitii curam accersitus,
-iiEdes sibi pro suo munere destinatas
sumptu baud modico instauravit,
easque egregium successoribus suis donum
et sibi ipsi monumentum reliquit.
Diversis hujusce vitas officiis
1708] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 23
quocunque ea in loco obtigerant
feliciter functus,
omnium commodis inserviit,
et omnibus gratiam
et sine invidia laudem consectus est :
erat enim ingenio
simplici, aperto, perhumano,
antiquis moribus et fide,
neque illo quisquam
aut amici aut viri probi,
aut medici denique scientis et assidui
partes cumulatius explevit.
Ob. Julii A.C. 1725. Mi. 58.
THOMAS CROW, M.D., was of Caius college, Cam-
bridge, as a member of which he proceeded bachelor
of medicine 1694; doctor of medicine 1699. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1707, and a Fellow 23rd December,
1708. He was Censor in 1713 and 1720. Dr. Crow
in 1720, being then senior censor, gave to the college
the clock now in the reading-room, then valued at
O *
30Z. He took a very active part in the preparation of
the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis of 1746 ; and at his
own cost furnished every member of the College with
a printed copy, first of the original draft of the work ;
and subsequently of it as finally agreed on by the
committee for presentation to the College. Dying llth
August, 1751, aged eighty, he bequeathed to St. Luke's
hospital (of which he was vice-president) 400/. ; to St.
Thomas's and Christ's hospitals 100?. each ; and to the
College of Physicians 50/. and his library of Greek and
Latin books, a very choice collection.' 3 ' 5 '
* The following are clauses from his will : " 1 give to the Col-
lege of Physicians 50Z. in consideration of some loss sustained by
them by a tenant of my recommending." " I, Thomas Crow, do
make this codicil to my last will and testament. I give to the Pre-
sident and College of Physicians in London and their successors for
an addition to their library such of my printed books only as have
no English in them and as they have not already in their library ;
and if they like any copies of the printed books in my library better
than the printed books of the like kind now in the college library,
or if mine be better copies, though they have them already (I mean
24 ROLL OF THE [1708
HENRY PLUMPTRE, M.D., was born in Nottingham-
shire and educated at Queen's college, Cambridge, of
which house he was admitted a pensioner 19th Janu-
ary, 1697-8. He graduated A.B. 1701-2, and on the
15th February, 1702-3 was admitted a fellow of his col-
lege, an office he vacated by not taking orders 4th July,
1707. He proceeded A.M. 1705 and M.D. per literas
Regias in 1706. He was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1707, and a Fel-
low 23rd December, 1708. He delivered the Gulstonian
lectures in 1711 ; the Harveian oration in 1722 ; and on
the 19th March, 1732-3, was appointed to succeed Dr.
Walter Harris as Lumleian lecturer. Dr. Plumptre
was Censor in 1717, 1722, 1723, 1736 ; Registrar from
1718 to 1722 inclusive; Treasurer 13th July, 1725, in
place of Dr. Levett, deceased; and Consiliarius 1735,
1738, 1739. On the 5th August, 1720, he "presented
to the college a writing standish of plate of 80 ounces/'
He was named an Elect 5th May, 1727; and occu-
pied the Presidential chair for six consecutive years,
viz., from 1740 to 1745 inclusive. During the whole
of the period that Dr. Plumptre was president the fifth
Pharmacopoeia Londinensis was in course of revision
and re-construction. To its improvement he devoted
his best exertions and energy, and to him it would
seem was mainly due the simplification in the formulae
that distinguished the work from all its predecessors.
The Pharmacopoeia was published in the summer of
1746. Dr. Plumptre died 26th November, 1746.* The
such, as have no English), I give unto the College, to be chosen by
Dr. Letherland, Dr. Hall, and Dr. Reeve, or any of them, within
three months after my decease and after they have chosen for the
College, as I doubt not they will do very fairly, I give all the
remainder of my printed books as have no English in them I
give them to my good friend, Mr. Paul of Cannon-street, London,
surgeon."
* " Meministis ipsi quam varia ille abundaret doctrina ; quo in-
genio floreret ; quam splendide amplissimum apud vos magistratum
gereret; ut omni studio, gratia, auctoritate incumberet ad hanc
tuendam Remp. Nee minori sane cura et diligentia medicinae ipsius
cultui et castitati prospexit ; qui Pharmacopoeias nostrae corrigendae
17081 ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 25
_i
portrait of this physician, possessed by the College, was
presented by himself 1st October, 1744. The doctor
was physician to St. Thomas's hospital, an office he
resigned in 1736. Dr. Plumptre was the author of a
pamphlet entitled " A Serious Conference between
Scaramouch and Harlequin," having reference to the
controversy then raging between Dr. Woodward and
Dr. Friend.*
JOHN TURNER had previously practised as an apothe-
cary, but, having been disfranchised of his Company,
he was, after the usual examinations, admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 23rd December,
1708. He was the author of a small work
De Febre Britannica Anni 1712 Schediasma. 4to. Lond. 1713. ]
STEPHEN HALL was a son of Mr. Henry Hall, a
citizen and merchant taylor of London, who died 31st
March, 1730. He had practised for some years as a
surgeon in London, but, having relinquished that
branch of the profession, was on the 1st February,
1708-9, admitted an Extra- Licentiate of the College
of Physicians. He was subsequently appointed phy-
sician to Greenwich hospital, and died 29th October,
1731, aged fifty-six. He was buried in the family
vault at West Ham, and is commemorated with his
tarn sedulo invigilaverit, inconditasque medicamentorum farragines
et inexplicabiles mixturas tarn prudent! delectu, tarn elegant! sim-
plicitate, temperaverit. Idem pariter in vita constans veritatis non
fucate cultor, et inimicus fraudis ; in circulis, in congressionibus
familiariiim festivus, dulcis, urbanus, non, nisi apud segros, se pro-
fessus medicum. Neque enim oportere visuin est supercilium, et
rugas, et senectutem induere ; nee dissociabiles esse res judicavit
jucunditatem et sapientiam. Felicem ilium ingenii, qui seria sua
quasi aliud agens et ludibundus expedire potuit ; et ne ludebat
quidem, ut non in eo simul nescio quid egregii et excellentis elnces-
ceret ! " Oratio Harveiana anno MDCCLXI habita, auctore Georgio
Baker.
* Rouse's Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Dr. Friend. 8vo.
Lond. 1731, p. 84.
26 ROLL OF THE [1709
father and other members of his family on a handsome
altar tomb there.
ABB AH AM CAESLAKE, M.B., was of Exeter college,
Oxford, as a member of which he proceeded A.B. 14th
October, 1701 ; A.M. 16th June, 1704; M.B. 9th De-
cember, 1708. He appeared at the College 10th March,
1708-9, and "was examined particularly for the sea
service, being recommended for that purpose by the
right honourable the earl of Pembroke, lord high
admiral of England, and was well approved of by
the President and Elects, and the following certificate
was given him by them :
We, the President and three of the Elects of the College of Phy-
sicians, London, have, according to Act of Parliament and in obedi-
ence to his Excellency the Lord High Admiral of England, ex-
amined Mr. Abraham Carslake, bachelor of physick, in the univer-
sity of Oxford, and do approve of him as duly qualified to serve
Her Majesty as a Physician in Her Majesty's fleet.
Witness our hands Mar. 10, 1708."
GEORGE LAMB was educated at St. John's college,
Cambridge, but left the university without taking a
degree. He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 29th October, 1709, and was
then residing at Wallingford, co. Berks.
JOHN RICHARDSON was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 29th October, 1709.
He practised at Am wick, his native place, and was
living in 1748.
NATHANIEL SALMON, LL.B., was the son of the Rev.
Thomas Salmon, rector of Mepsall, in Bedfordshire, by
his wife, a daughter of the notorious Serjeant Brad-
shaw. He was admitted at Benet college, Cambridge,
llth June, 1690, and took the degree of bachelor of
laws in 1695. Shortly after this he took orders in the
church of England, and was for some time curate of
Westmill, co. Herts. Though he had taken the oaths
1710] KOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 27
to king William III. he refused to do so to queen
Anne, and when he could no longer officiate as a
clergyman he applied himself to the study of physic,
which he practised first at St. Ives, in Huntingdon-
shire, and afterwards at Bishop's Stortford. He was
settled at the last-named town 3rd February, 1709-10,
when he was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians. He died 2nd April, 1742. He
was a voluminous writer, as the following list of his
works testifies :
A Survey of the Roman Antiquities in the Midland Counties of
England. 8vo. 1726.
A Survey of the Roman Stations in Britain, according to the
Roman Itinerary. 8vo. 1728.
The History of Hertfordshire, describing the county and its
ancient monuments, particularly the Roman, with the characters
of those who have been the chief possessors of the lands, and an
account of the most memorable occurrences. Folio. 1728.
The Lives of the English Bishops from the Restoration to the
Revolution. 8vo. 1733.
The Antiquities of Surrey, collected from the most ancient
records, with some account of the present state and natural
history of the county. 8vo. 1736.
The History and Antiquities of Essex, from the collections of Mr.
Strangeman, with notes and illustrations. Folio. 1739.
JOHN ARBUTHNOT, M.D., was descended from the
noble family of his name and was the son of a clergy-
man of the episcopal church of Scotland. He was
born at Arbuthnot, near Montrose, and was educated
at the university of Aberdeen, where he took the de- X
gree of doctor of medicine. The Revolution deprived
the father of his church preferment ; and though he
was possessed of a small paternal estate, yet necessity
compelled the son to seek his fortune abroad. Dr.
Arbuthnot therefore quitted Scotland, and went to re-
side at Doncaster, where, however, he met with so
little success that he speedily left, and coming to Lon-
don found an abode in the house of Mr. William Pate,
a "learned" woollen draper. He commenced his career
in town by teaching mathematics, but the appearance
28 EOLL OF THE [1710
in 1695 of Dr. Woodward's "Essay towards a Natu-
ral History of the Earth/' containing as Arbuthnot
thought, an account of the deluge wholly inconsistent
with truth, induced him to publish a reply. This
work not only excited much curiosity, but had the
further, and, as regarded his interests, the more import-
ant effect of attracting attention towards himself, and of
giving him no small degree of literary fame. This soon
afterwards received a considerable and deserved increase
by his "Essay on the Usefulness of Mathematical Learn-
ing." 8vo. 1700. About this time Arbuthnot commenced
practice in the metropolis, and as his contemporaries
testify, with every qualification to ensure success. His
extensive learning and facetious and agreeable conver-
sation, introduced him by degrees to practice, and he
soon became eminent in the profession. Being acci-
dentally at Epsom when prince George of Denmark was
suddenly taken ill, he w r as called to his assistance. The
doctor's advice was successful, and the prince recovering
employed him ever afterwards as his physician. In 1 709,
upon the indisposition of Dr. Hannes, Arbuthnot was
appointed physician in ordinary to queen Anne, and
soon obtained her Majesty's high favour. Swift calls
him " the Queen's favourite physician," and " the
Queen's favourite." As her Majesty's physician, Arbuth-
not was instrumental in recovering the queen from a
dangerous illness, and to this incident Gay, in the pro-
logue to the " Shepherd's Week," thus alludes :
A skilful leech (so God him speed)
They say had wrought this blessed deed.
This leech Arbuthnot was yclept,
Who many a night not once had slept ;
But watch'd our gracious Sovereign still :
.For who could rest while she was ill ?
Oh ! may'st thou henceforth sweetly sleep,
Sheer swains ! oh sheer your softest sheep
To swell his couch ; for well I ween,
He saved the realm, who saved the Queen.
Quoth I, please God, I'll high with glee
To Court, this Arbuthnot to see.
Arbuthnot was created doctor of medicine at Cam-
1710] ROYAJ, COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 29
bridge 16th April, 1705. On the 12th December, 1707,
he was elected an honorary fellow of the College of Phy-
sicians of Edinburgh, and as physician in ordinary to
the queen, was admitted a Fellow of the Royal College
of Physicians of London, 27th April, 1710. He was
Censor in 1723 ; delivered the Harveian Oration in 1727 ;
and was named an Elect in place of Dr. Slare, deceased,
5th October, 1727. On the 12th November, 1713, he
was appointed by the queen physician to Chelsea hos-
pital.
Dr. Arbuthnot's gentle manners, extensive learning,
and excellent talents introduced him to the intimate
acquaintance and warm friendship of the most cele-
brated literary characters of his time to Pope, Swift,
Gay, and Parnell, whom he met as a member of the
Scriblerus club. It was not long before Arbuthnot
added a new lustre to that constellation of wits by
the brightness of his own. With Pope and Swift his
relations were of the most intimate kind. Arbuthnot
possessed all the wit of the dean without his virulence
and indelicacy; and a considerable portion of the
genius of Pope, without his querulous discontent. In
1714 he engaged with them in a design to write a
satire on the abuses of human learning in every branch,
which was to have been executed in the manner of
Cervantes, under the history of feigned adventures.
They had observed that these abuses still kept their
ground against all that the gravest and ablest authors
could say to discredit them. They concluded, therefore,
that the force of ridicule was wanting to quicken their
disgrace, which was here in its place, when the abuses
had already been detected by sober reasoning, and truth
was in no danger of suffering by the premature use of
so powerful an instrument. But a stop was put to this
project by the queen's death, when they had only drawn
out an imperfect essay towards it, under the title of
" The First Book of the Memoirs of Martinus Scrible-
rus." Dr. Warburton tells us that "Gulliver's Travels,"
" The Treatise of the Profound," the " Literary Criti-
30 ROLL OF THE [1710
cism on Virgil," and the " Memoirs of a Parish Clerk,"
are only so many detached parts and fragments of this
work. The same writer does not hesitate to declare
that polite letters never lost more than by the defeat
of this scheme, in which each of this illustrious trium-
virate would have found exercise for his own peculiar
talent, beside constant employment for that which they
all had in common. Arbuthnot was skilled in everything
that related to science; Pope was master of the fine
arts ; and Swift excelled in knowledge of the world :
wit they had all in equal measure, and so abundant a
degree, that no age, perhaps, ever produced three men
on whom nature had more bountifully bestowed it, or
in whom art had brought it to higher perfection. The
queen's death, and the disasters which fell upon his
friends on that occasion, deeply affected Arbuthnot's
spirits, and to divert his melancholy he paid a visit to
his brother at Paris. His stay there however, was but
short; he returned to London, and having on the death
of the queen lost his apartments in St. James's palace,
took a house in Dover-street. He continued to prac-
tise his profession with good reputation, and diverted
his leisure hours in writing papers of wit and humour.
In 1732 he contributed towards detecting and punish-
ing the frauds and abuses which had been carried on
under the name of the " Charitable Corporation."
In 1734, having then for some years suffered severely
from asthma, Arbuthnot retired to Hampstead, in hopes
of finding some relief from his symptoms, but he died
at his house in Cork-street, 27th February, 1735, an I
was buried at St. James's, Piccadilly. He left one son
and one daughter ; the former, George, was one of the
executors to Pope's will, and held the place of first
secretary in the Remembrance oflBce. A fine portrait
of Dr. Arbuthnot, presumed to be by Jervas, formerly
in the possession of Dr. Turton, bishop of Ely, was pur-
chased for the College at the sale of the bishop's effects,
in 1864, and is on the staircase. An engraving of
Arbuthnot, now exceedingly scarce, is mentioned by
1710] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 31
Mr. Wadd as being in the collection of Sir William
Musgrave, bart.
Few men have been more esteemed during life than
Arbuthnot, none have left behind them a higher cha-
racter for learning, or for the most elevated social,
moral, and religious virtues. The language of eulogy
has been well nigh exhausted upon him, and this by
some of the wisest and the best of men. He was, in
Dr. Johnson's opinion, the first among the eminent
writers in queen Anne's reign, and the great lexico-
grapher describes him as " a man of great comprehen-
sion : skilful in his profession, versed in the sciences,
acquainted with ancient literature, and able to animate
his mass of knowledge by a bright and active imagina-
tion a scholar with great brilliance of wit a wit, who
in the crowd of life retained and discovered a noble
ardour of religious zeal." " Although," wrote lord
Orrery, " he was justly celebrated for wit and learning,
there was an excellence in his character more amiable
than all his other qualifications, I mean the excellence
of his heart. He has shown himself equal to any of
his contemporaries in humour and vivacity ; and he
was superior to most men in acts of humanity and be-
nevolence. His very sarcasms are the satirical strokes
of good nature ; they are like slaps in the face given in
jest, .the effects of which may raise blushes, but no
blackness will appear after the blow. He laughs as
jovially as an attendant upon Bacchus, but continues as
sober and considerate as a disciple of Socrates. He is
seldom serious, except in his attacks on vice, and then
his spirit rises with a manly strength and a noble in-
dignation. No man exceeded him in the moral duties
of life, a merit still more to his honour, as the ambi-
tious powers of wit and genius are seldom submissive
enough to confine themselves within the limitations of
morality." Swift said of him "that he was a man who
could do everything but walk ;" and Dugald Stewart
testifies to Arbuthnot 's ability in a department of which
he was peculiarly qualified to judge. "Let me add,"
32 ROLL OF THE [1710
says he, " that in the list of philosophical reformers,
the authors of ' Martinus Scriblerus ' ought not to be
overlooked. Their happy ridicule of the scholastic
logic and metaphysics is universally known ; but few
are aware of the acuteness and sagacity displayed in
their allusions to some of the most vulnerable passages
in Locke's Essay. In this part of the work it is com-
monly understood that Arbuthnot had the principal
share." Lastly Thackeray characterises him as " one of
the wisest, wittiest, most accomplished, gentlest of
mankind."
Dr. Arbuthnot was the author of
On the Laws of Chance, or a Method of Calculation of the
Hazards of Game plainly demonstrated. 8vo. Lond. 1692.
An Examination of Dr. Woodward's Account of the Deluge, &c.,
with a comparison between Steno's philosophy and the Doctor's,
in the case of marine bodies dug up out of the earth. 8vo. Lond.
1695.
Tables of Ancient Coins, Weights, and Measures. 4to. Loud.
1727.
An Essay on the Nature of Aliments and the Choice of them, with
practical rules of diet in the various constitutions of the human
body. 8vo. Lond. 1732.
An Essay on the Effects of Air on Human Bodies. 8vo. Lond.
His Miscellaneous Works, with an Account of his Life, appeared in
2 vols., 12mo. Lond. 1770.*
JOHN RAYNER, of Brotherton, co. York, was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
June, 1710. One John Rayner, of Brotherton, doubt-
less our Extra-Licentiate, is said by Thoresby, the local
historian and a family connection, to have died in Ja-
maica, in 1712. He was of a nonconformist family,
and the eldest son of Thomas Rayner, gent., by his
wife Mary, daughter and co-heiress of Richard Sykes,
of Leeds, merchant, f
ROBERT WELSTEAD, A.M., was the son of Leonard
Welstead, of Bristol, gent., and on the 4th December,
* Rose's New General Biographical Dictionary,
t Information from John Sykes, M.D., of Doncaster, October,
1863.
1710] EOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 33
1689, being then sixteen years of age, was matriculated
at St. Edmund hall, Oxford. He was elected demy of
Magdalen college, at the "golden election," in 1689,
proceeded A.B. 25th June, 1691 ; A.M. 12th May, 1694 ;
and was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College
of Physicians llth December, 1695. He was then
practising at Bristol, where he remained for some years,
but eventually removing to London, presented himself
before the Censors of the College ; and having been
re-examined, was admitted a Licentiate 30th Septem-
ber, 1710. He was admitted a fellow of the Royal
Society 20th March, 1718, and is said by Dr. Thomson*
to have died 1st February, 1735. He was the author
of-
Tentamen de Variis Hominum N"aturis, remediisque ad singulas
accommodandis. 8vo. Lond. 1721.
De ^Btate Vergente Liber, ad Hugonem Reverendum admodum
Episcopum Bristolliensem. 8vo. Lond. 1725.
De Adulta ^Etate Liber. 8vo. Lond. 1725.
De Medicina Mentis. 8vo. Lond. 1726.
Tentamen alterum de propriis Naturae Habitibus et remediis ad
singnlos accommodatis. 8vo. Lond. 1735.
He also translated
Longinus on the Sublime. 8vo. Lond. 1712.
BAZALIOL ANGIER, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Utrecht 27th June, 1703 (D.M.I. De Apoplexia) ; was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1710.
ARNOLD BOOT BEIRMAN, M.D., was a doctor of medi-
cine of Utrecht, of 12th March, 1695. He was a native
of West Friesland ; was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1710, and died
in March, 1754, aged eighty-one.
WILLIAM FULLWOOD, M.D. As an undergraduate
of Catherine hall, Cambridge, he was, on the 21st Fe-
bruary, 1710-11, admitted an Extra- Licentiate of the
* History of the Eoyal Society. 4to. Lond. 1812, p. 34.
VOL. II. D
34 ROLL OF THE [1711
College of Physicians. He proceeded M.D. at Cam-
bridge, Comitiis Regiis, in 1717.
JAMES AUGUSTUS BLONDELL, M.D. A Parisian by
birth, then twenty -five years old, was entered on the
physic line at Leyden, 28th April, 1691, and graduated
doctor of medicine there 17th July, 1692 (D.M.I, de
Crisibus). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 26th March, 1711. He died 5th Octo-
ber, 1734, and was buried at Stepney. He was the
author of
The Strength of Imagination of Pregnant Women examined.
8vo. Lond. 1727.
The Power of the Mother's Imagination over the Foetus examined,
in answer to Dr. D. Turner. 8vo. Lond. 1729.
And he has some verses prefixed to Morton's Pyreto-
logia.
CLIFTON WINTRINGHAM, was the son of the Rev.
William Wintringham, vicar of East Retford, co. York,
by his wife Gertrude, the daughter of Clifton Rodes,
of Sturton, son of Sir Francis Rodes, of Barlborough,
bart. He was baptised at East Retford, llth April,
1689. He was for some time at Jesus college, Cam-
bridge ; but he left the university without taking a
degree, either in arts or medicine. He was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 3rd
July, 1711 ; and about that time settled at York, where
he practised with the highest reputation and success for
more than thirty-five years. He was appointed one of
the physicians to the York County hospital in 1746.
Dying at York 12th March, 1748, he was buried at St.
Michael-le-Belfrey in that city three days later. He
had married for his first wife Elizabeth, daughter of
Richard Nettleton, of Earls Heaton, co. York, and had
by her a son, Sir Clifton Wintringham, bart., an army
physician and physician in ordinary to George III., to
be mentioned subsequently. The elder Clifton Wint-
ringham, the York physician, made his will 21st Janu-
1711] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 35
ary, 1746-7, and added a codicil 6th February, 1747-8.
It was proved 24th July, 1749. The delay was pro-
bably occasioned by his son's continuance abroad : " My
son Clifton is at present beyond the seas, attending his
Majesty's service. "* His published works, which are
full of good sense and practical information, are
Tractatus de Podagra, in quo plurimse de ultimis vasis et liquidis
et succo nutritio propositas sunt observations. 8vo. Eboraci.
1714.
A Treatise of Endemic Diseases, explaining the different nature
and properties of Airs, Situations, Soils, Water, Diet, &c. 1718.
An Essay on Contagious Diseases, more particularly on the Small
Pox, Measles, Putrid, Malignant, and Pestilential Fevers. 8vo.
York. 1721.
Observations on Dr. Freind's History of Physick. 8vo. Lond.
1726.
Commentarius Nosologicus, morbos epidemicos et aeris varia-
tiones in urbe Eboracensi locisque vicinis per viginti annos gras-
santes complectens. 8vo. Lond. 1739.
These were collected and published, with large addi-
tions and emendations from the original MSS. in two
volumes, 8vo. by his son, Sir Clifton Wintringham,
M.D., F.R.S., in 1752.
DANIEL TURNER, M.D., was bred a surgeon, and
practised in that capacity for several years in London ;
but having been disfranchised from his company, he
was, on the 22nd December, 1711, admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians an honour of which,
if we may judge from the dedication of one of his nu-
merous works, he was duly sensible. Not long after his
admission as a Licentiate, he obtained the degree of
doctor of medicine, but from what university I have
not been able to discover. Dr. Turner had some cele-
brity in his day; but was, as Mr. Wadd, following
Grainger, remarks, too fond of displaying his talents
upon paper ; the result being, that he published many
volumes which are now forgotten. " His cases," con-
tinues the author of the " Nugae Chirurgicse," " are not
* Information from the Rev. C. Best Robinson, of York, and
John Sykes, M.D., of Doncaster.
D 2
36 BOLL OF THE [1711
stated in the most delicate terms ; nor was politeness
amongst his excellencies." He has the credit of having
invented the cerate composed of oil, wax, and calamine
the ceratum calamince of the Pharmacopoeia, still
popularly known as Turner's cerate. Dr. Turner died
at his house in Devonshire-square, Bishopsgate, on the
13th March 1740-1, aged seventy-four, and was buried
in the church of Watton-at-Stone, co. Herts. He de-
serves to be remembered was it only for the noble senti-
ment conveyed in the following sentence written when
he was seventy-two years of age : " Be not afraid, nor
yet ashamed of your religious principles, however you
keep those of politics to yourself. It can be no dis-
grace for a physician, who owns himself at all times no
more than Nature's minister, to acknowledge himself
also the servant of Nature's Master." Dr. Turner's
memorial at Watton is as follows :
Nigh unto this place lye the bodyly remains of
DANIEL TURNER, M.D.,
late of the College of Physicians of London,
who departed this life on the 13th day of March, 1740,
and in the 74th year of his age.
Dr. Turner's portrait, in 1734, by J. Faber, has been
engraved. He was the author of
A Vindication of the Noble Art of Chirurgery. 8vo. Lond. 1695.
A Remarkable Case in Surgery, being an account of an uncom-
mon fracture and depression of the Skull in a Child, accompanied
with a vast Imposthume of the Brain. 8vo. Lond. 1709.
De Morbis Cutaneis. A treatise of diseases incident to the Skin.
8vo. Lond. 1723.
Syphilis. A practical dissertation on the Venereal Disease. 8vo.
Lond. 1724.
The Art of Surgery. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1725.
On the Force of the Mother's Imagination on the Foetus in
Utero. 8vo. Lond. 1726.
A discourse concerning Gleets. 8vo. Lond. 1729.
An Answer to a Pamphlet on the Power of Imagination in Preg-
nant Women. 8vo. Lond. 1729.
The Force of the Mother's Imagination upon the Foetus in Utero
still further considered, by way of Reply to Dr. Blondell's book.
8vo. Lond. 1730.
1713] KOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 37
De Morbo Gallico. A treatise published about 200 years past.
Republished by D. T. 8vo. Lond. 1730.
A Discourse concerning Fevers. 8vo. Lond. 1732.
The Ancient Physician's Legacy impartially surveyed. 8vo.
Lond. 1733.
The 'Drop and Pill of Mr. Ward considered. 8vo. Lond. 1735.
Aphrodisiacus. A summary of the ancient writers on the Vene-
real Disease. 8vo. Lond. 1736.
SIR JOHN SHAD WELL, M.D., was born in London, in
1670, and was the 'son of Thomas Shadwell, poet lau-
reate and historiographer in the time of William III.
He was educated at All Souls' college, Oxford, and pro-
ceeded A. B. 1st June, 1689; A.M. 26th April, 1693;
M.B. 19th April, 1697 ; M.D. 5th June, 1701. In 1699
he attended the earl of Manchester on his embassy ex-
traordinary to Louis XIY, and he continued with that
nobleman at Paris till 1701. On the 3rd December of
that year he was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society.
He was physician in ordinary to queen Anne, and as
such was admitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1712. He held the same appointment
to George I and George II, the former of whom con-
ferred upon him the honour of knighthood, 12th June,
1715. He resided in Windmill-street, and in 1735
withdrew from practice and retired to France, where he
remained for some time, but returned to his former re-
sidence in 1740, and died on the 4th January, 1747.
NATHANIEL BARTLETT, of Wareham, co. Dorset, was
admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 9th June, 1713.
JOHN CARTLEDGE, A.M. A master of arts of Mag-
dalen hall, Oxford, of 2nd July, 1 700 ; was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1713.
He died 29th July, 1752, aged eighty- one.
JOHN GORMAN, M.D., an Irishman, and a doctor of
medicine of Rheims of 16th March, 1692, was admitted
38 BOLL OF THE [1714
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June,
1713.
JOSEPH EATON, M.D, A native of Cheshire, edu-
cated at Pembroke hall, Cambridge, but a doctor of
medicine of Leyden, 19th December, 1686 (D.M.I, de
Vertigine, 4to.) ; was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 25th June, 1713. He was originally
a nonconformist clergyman. He settled at Macclesfield
in 1691, and was successively at Nottingham, Colches-
ter, and London.*
THOMAS LEWIS was born in Worcestershire, and edu-
cated at Magdalen hall, Oxford, but left the university
without taking a degree. He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1713, and died
at his house in Hatton-garden on the 22nd October,
1746.
EDWARD COATSWORTH, M.D. A native of Durham,
and a doctor of medicine of Utrecht of 14th July, 1703
(D.M.I. de Variolis) ; was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 25th June, 1713.
WILLIAM BROWNING, a native of London, was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1713.
JOHN GEORGE STEIGHERTAHL, M.D., was a native of
Hanover, and physician in ordinary to king George I.
whom he accompanied to this country on his accession
to the throne of England. He was entered on the
physic line at Leyden 12th May, 1688, being then
twenty-one years of age, and he graduated doctor of
medicine at Utrecht, in 1690 (D.M.I, de Medicamento-
rum noxis, 4to.). He was admitted a fellow of the
Royal Society, 18th November, 1714, and an Honorary
Fellow of the College of Physicians 22nd December,
1714. Dr. Steighertahl was "king's professor in the
* Carpenter's Presbyterianism in Nottingham, pp. 123, 150.
1716] BOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 39
university of Helmstad." He left England in 1727,
probably on the death of his royal master, and his name
does not appear in the College lists after 1739. He
was the author of
Disputatio de Matheseos et Historiae Naturalis utilitate in Medi-
cina. 4to. Helmstad. 1702.
De Aquarum Mineralium prsestantia. Helmstad. 1703.
JOHN BEALE. A native of Berkshire ; was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 1st April,
1715. One Dr. Beale, a noted man midwife, died 20th
June, 1724.*
JOHN KYNCH, of Wantage, co. Berks, was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate of the College 7th October, 1715.
- CRANMER, of Mitcham, Surrey, was admitted
an Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physicians 21st
January, 1715-6.
EDWARD NORRIS, M.D., was educated at Brazenose
college, Oxford, as a member of which he proceeded
A.B. 26th October, 1686 ; A.M. 1st June, 1689 ; M.B.
19th January, 1691 ; and M.D. 12th March, 1695. He
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1698, and a Fellow 9th April, 1716.
Dr. Norris was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society
9th November, 1698. He was brother to Sir William
Norris, whom he accompanied on his embassy to the
Great Mogul. Dying in 1726, our physician was buried
in the chapel of Garston, in the parish of Chid wall, Lan-
cashire, where he is thus commemorated:
Under this tomb lies interred
EDWARD NORRIS, M.D., of Speek,
who departed this life 22 July, 1726,
in the year of his age,
Also ANN, his wife
died y e 3 of January, 1729, aged 53.
* Historical Register, 1724.
40 BOLL OF THE [1716
HUMPHREY COLMER, M.D., was educated at Exeter
college, Oxford, and proceeded A.B. 12th November,
1692 ; A.M. 25th June, 1695, and M.D., accumulating
his degrees in physic, 5th July, 1705. He was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1706, and a Fellow 9th April, 1716.
JOHN GARDINER, M.D., was of University college,
Oxford, and proceeded A.B. 25th June, 1695 ; A.M.
25th June, 1698 ; M.B. 6th May, 1701 ; and M.D. 28th
June, 1706. He was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 25th June, 1708 ; and a Fellow 9th
April, 1716; was Censor in 1727, 1733, 1738, 1742;
and was named an Elect 12th August, 1746. Dr. Gar-
diner resigned his office of Elect, on account of ill-health,
22nd August, 1748, and died very suddenly on the
18th March, 1749, as he was returning in his chair
from visiting a patient. He was buried at St. Andrew's,
Holborn.
RICHARD MEAD, M.D., was the son of the Rev. Mat-
thew Mead, a celebrated nonconformist divine, and was
born at Stepney llth August, 1673. He received his
early education at home, under his father and a private
tutor, Mr. John Nesbitt, who resided in the house. In
1688 he was placed under the care of Mr. Thomas
Singleton, and in the following year under the celebrated
Grsevius, at Utrecht. He applied himself to the study
of the classics and philosophy, and in 1692 removed to
Leyden, where he remained three years, devoting him-
self with great assiduity to the study of physic. There
he "was contemporary with Boerhaave, then a student
like himself, and with that great and good man Dr.
Mead ever afterwards maintained a frequent and friendly
intercourse. In the early part of 1695, having com-
pleted the usual course of study at Leyden, he, in com-
pany with his brother Samuel, Mr. David Polhill, and
Dr. Pellett, travelled into Italy, and, whilst at Florence,
he had the good fortune to discover the Mensa Isaica,
1716] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 41
which for many years had been given over as lost. He
took the degree of doctor of philosophy and physic at
Padua, 16th August, 1695, and then visited f Naples
and Borne. On his return to England, about Mid-
summer, 1696, he settled at Stepney, in the house
where he was born, and for the few years that he con-
tinued there did a considerable amount of business in
that neighbourhood. His father was a man greatly re-
spected, and possessed much local influence, especiaUy
among the nonconformists, a numerous and respectable
body in Stepney. He availed himself of every possible
opportunity to advance his son, and some curious anec-
dotes are recorded of his efforts in this direction, even
from the pulpit. In 1702 Dr. Mead came before the
public as an author, by the publication of his "Mechani-
cal Account of Poisons." This work was received with
great applause, and at once established his reputation.
He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in 1703,
one of the council in 1706, and vice-president in 1707.
On the 5th May, 1703, he was elected physician to St.
Thomas's hospital, when he removed from Stepney to
Crutched Friars ; at a subsequent period he removed to
Austin Friars, and about that time was appointed
reader of anatomy to the company of barber surgeons.
On the 4th December, 1707, the university of Oxford I
conferred upon him the degree of doctor of medicine.
Hitherto, for reasons which have never been explained,
he had not presented himself for examination before
the College of Physicians : now, however, being pos-
sessed of an English university degree, he appeared
before the Censor's board, underwent the usual exami-
nations, and was admitted a Candidate 25th June,
1708. He was admitted a Fellow 9th April, 1716;
was Censor in 1716, 1719, 1724; Harveian Orator in
1723; Elect 5th November, 1735; and in 1744 was
chosen President by the Elects, but he desired to be
excused, and was so. He was Consiliarius in 1745,
1747, 1748. On the 9th April, 1750, he resigned his
office of Elect. On the 7th May, 1745, he was elected
42 ROLL OF THE [1716
an Honorary Fellow of the College of Physicians of
Edinburgh.
On the death of Dr. Radcliffe, in 1714, Mead removed
from Austin Friars to his house in Bloomsbury-square,
and, succeeding to much of that physician's practice,
resigned his office at St. Thomas's hospital. At a sub-
sequent period (1722), when at the zenith of his repu-
tation, he removed thence to Great Ormond-street.
On the accession of George II, Dr. Mead was appointed
physician in ordinary to the King, an office he continued
to hold to his death,
" After the most brilliant career of professional and
literary reputation, of personal honour, of wealth, and
of notoriety, which ever fell in combination to the lot
of any medical man, in any age or country, Mead took
to the bed, from which he was to rise no more, on the
llth of February, and expired on the 16th of the same
month, 1754. His death was unaccompanied by any
visible signs of pain. In practice he had been abso-
lutely without a rival ; his average receipts had during
several years amounted to between six and seven thou-
sand pounds, an enormous sum in relation to the value
of money at that period. So great was the anxiety to
obtain his opinion, that he daily repaired to a coffee-
house in the City, and to another at the West End of
the metropolis, to inspect written or to receive oral
statements from the apothecaries, and to deliver his de-
cision. His charity and his hospitality were un-
bounded ; the epithet " princely" has often been ap-
plied to him on this head ; but he has truly left an ex-
ample which men of all ranks may be proud to imitate
according to their means. These qualities in Mead
were not the result of the accident which exalts or
limits our means, but were the spontaneous expression
of his heart. His gratuitous advice was ever open, not
merely to the indigent, but also to the clergy, and to
all men of learning ; and he devoted his emoluments to
the patronage of literature and of the fine arts in a
manner that requires a more distinct mention.
1716] ROYAL COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS. 43
cliffe was a worthy predecessor of Mead in the mag-
nificent use which he made of his fortune. We may
safely challenge any country to produce two individuals
of the same profession, and flourishing at the same
period, who have with equal generosity applied their
revenue to the promotion of science and of erudition,
and to the relief of misery. But Mead excelled, all the
nobility of his age and country in the encouragement
which he afforded to the fine arts, and to the study of
antiquities. Considered merely in the light of a patron,
he would remain, perhaps, the most conspicuous ex-
ample of that character which biography has celebrated ;
but when to his exertions in that difficult and often
thankless career, are added the most eminent medical
practice of his time, consummate acquirements and lite-
rary labours important to the healing art, we shall find
it difficult to select his equal among the annals of any
period. Those excellent traits do not, however, com-
plete his portrait ; a noble frankness, suavity of manners,
moderation in the estimate of his own merit, and a
cordial acknowledgment of the deserts of his cotem-
poraries ; liberality, not merely of purse, but also of
sentiment, must be drawn in order to finish the like-
ness.
" Mead possessed in an extreme degree the taste for
collecting ; but his books, his statues, his medals, were
not at all confined to ornament a secluded apartment,
or to amuse only his own leisure the humble student,
the unrecommended foreigner, the poor inquirer derived
almost as much enjoyment from these unburied trea-
sures as their ingenious owner. In his spacious mansion r
in Great Ormond -street he had built a gallery, which
only his opulence and taste could have filled. The
printed catalogue of his library contains 6,592 separate
numbers ; the most rare and ancient works were to be
found there ; Oriental, Greek, and Latin MSS. formed
no inconsiderable part. His collection of statues, coins,
gems, prints, and drawings will probably remain for
ever unrivalled amongst private amateurs. His pic-
44 BOLL OF THE [1716
tures alone were sold at Ids death for 3,400?. Ingenious
men sought in his house the best aid for their under-
takings, and in the owner their most enlightened as
well as most liberal patron. He constantly kept in his
pay several scholars and artists, who laboured at his
expense for the benefit of the public. His correspond-
ence extended to all the principal literati of Europe.
They consulted him and sent him curious presents, but
in such acts he was more frequently the creditor than
the debtor. The king of Naples sent to request of him
a complete collection of his treatises, and in return
gave him the great work, which he was then encourag-
ing, on the antiquities of Herculaneum ; a compliment
not the less flattering from an accompanying invitation,
to Mead to visit him at his palace. Afc his table might
be seen the most eminent men of the age, both natives
and foreigners, and he was often the only individual
present who was acquainted with all their different
languages. The good of mankind, and the honour of
his country, were two of his ruling principles. He
persuaded the wealthy citizen Guy to bequeath his
fortune towards the foundation of the noble hospital
which has honourably consecrated his name.
" Mead was twice married. By his first wife, Ruth
Marsh, he had eight children. One of his daughters
was married to Sir Edward Wilmot, bart., an eminent
physician, who enjoyed the particular favour of George
the second and third ; another became the wife of
Dr. Frank Nicholls, who was the most distinguished
anatomical teacher of his time, and was the inventor of
corroded anatomical preparations. Mead's second wife
was Anne, the daughter of Sir Rowland Alston, bart.
" Although his receipts were so considerable, and
although two large fortunes were bequeathed to him,
his benevolence, public spirit, and splendid mode of
living prevented him from leaving great wealth to his
family. The physician who was the Mecsenas of his
day, whose mansion was a grand museum, who kept a
second table for his humbler dependents, and who was
1716] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 45
driven to his country house near Windsor by six horses,
was not likely to amass wealth ; but he did better he
acted according to his conviction, that what he had
gained from the public could not be more worthily
bestowed than in the advancement of the public mind,
and he truly fulfilled the inscription which he had
chosen for his motto, Non sibi, sed toti."*
Dr. Mead was buried in the Temple church ;t but
the monument to his memory, with the following in-
scription from the pen of Dr. Ward, was placed by his
son in the north aisle of Westminster abbey :
M. S.
V. A. RICHARDI MEAD, Archiatri,
antiqua apud Buckingenses familia nati,
* Life by Dr. Bisset Hawkins in the Lives of British Physicians,
p. 155 et -seq.
f Defuncto jam laboribus Radclivio successit sodalium ipsius
primus dilectissimus Meadus : Quanta scientia vir ! quanta gravi-
tate ! quanta dignitate ! Qui tantum Radclivium doctrina, quantum
Radclivius alios sagacitate superavit. Hie, tarn ingenio quam
literis instructus, morbos plerosque facile fugavit; de uno autem
reportavit victoriam. Ipse primus; de uno, qui, etsi propter in-
genium suum, plerumque mitissimum diminutivo quodam nomine
appellari solet, (sc: morbilli), tamen aliquando, stragem meditatur
horribilem. Hunc peripneumonico esse genere primus intellexit
Meadus: atque, viribus ejus penitus perspectis, de eo adeo ample
triumphavit, ut nemo medicorum sub vexillo ejus militans huic
morbo, unquam cesserit. Neque minus in hoc prorsus divincendo,
quam in altero atrocissimo sublevando, valuit Meadus. Modum
enim chirurgicum, quo aqua ex hydropicorum abdominibus tota
una vice tuto exhauriri posset primus docuit Meadus, maxitno sane
hydropicornm emolumento ; qui ante hunc modum inventum
plus taedii aut plus periculi in aqua patiebantur exhaurienda quam
doloris in retinenda. Propter haac illius prasclara facinora, quantas
ei nos medici debernus gratias ? quanto majores ei gens humana,
quorum illius, studio atque opera tot ab orci faucibus eripiuntur ?
Qui vero in arte sna eminuit primus in nulla alia postremus esse
voluit. Artes itaque liberates, quam turn plerique singulas, tan-
tum Meadus coluit omnes ; quarum amore incensus pretiosissimam
Nummorum antiquorum, Picturarum Sculpturarum et Librorum
supellectilem undique conquisivit ; quorum nonnullos aliquando
elegantiores, quos animo Ipse Regio dare solebat, ab eo Reges ipsi
accipere non dedignati sunt. Quis igitur mirari debet si Meadi doc-
trina et munificentia ita in regionibus exteris refulserint, ut earum
46 ROLL OF THE [1716
qui famam baud vulgarem medicinam faciendo
in prima juventute adeptus,
tanta nominis celebritate postea inclaruit,
ut Medicorum hujus saeculi princeps haberetur.
In aagris curandis lenis erat et misericors,
et ad pauperes gratuito juvandos semper paratus :
inter assiduas autem artis salutaris occupationes,
operibus non paucis docte et eleganter conscriptis,
quae ingenio perspicaci et usu diuturno notaverat,
in generis humani commodum vulgavit,
literarum quoque et literatomm
patronus singularis.
Bibliothecam lectissimam optimis et rarissimis libris
veterumque artiam monumentis refertam
comparavit,
ubi eruditorum colloquiis labores levabat diurnos.
Animo itaque excelso prseditus, et moribus humanis,
orbisque literati laudibus undique cumulatus,
magno splendore et dignitate vita peracta,
annorum tandem ac famae satur placide obiit
xiv kalendas Martias A.D. MDCCLIV. aetatis suaa Ixxxj.
artium humaniorum damno baud facile reparabili,
quibus ipse tantum fuerat decus et praesidium.
Bis matrimonio junctus,
ex priori decem suscepit liberos,
quorum tres tantum superstites sibi reliquit,
duas filias viris Archiatorum honore ornatis nuptas,
et unnm sui ipsius nominis filium,
qui pietatis causa patri optime de se merito
Monumentum hoc poni curavit.
The College of Physicians are indebted to Dr. Mead
splendor in patriam ejus repercussus fuerit. Sed doctum esse pro
nihilo duxit vir beneficentissimus nisi Doctorum etiam susciperet
Patrocinium ; quod sane officium adeo egregie praestitit, ut literarum
Fautor tam assiduus, tarn urbanus, tarn munificus nemo privatus
certe antea extiterit. Neque profecto fieri potuit, ut qui omnes
alias foverat artes, is patrocinari noluerit suaa. Quanto igitur can-
dore ? quanta benevolentia erga ejusdem artis professores se ges-
serit ? quanta comitate Tyrones semper exceperit ? quanta studio
rem eorum auxerit ? quanta auctoritate nomen eorum protexerit ?
Omnes equidem sui temporis Medicos animo vere fraterno amplexas
est Meadus. Juniores autem tot et tantis perinde beneficiis quo-
tidie divinxit, ac si ad idem Famae fastigium, quod attigerat Ipse,
illos evehere totis viribus contenderet. Testemur haac, quotquot
hie adsimus, qui viri dignissimi benevolentiam toties experti sumus :
credant ilia Posteri, qui tot eruditorum opera viro private inscripta
invenient." Oratio ex Harveii institute Anno MDCCLV auctore
Rob: Taylor, p. 27 et seq.
1716] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 47
for the fine bust of Harvey in the library. It was done
from an original picture in the doctor's collection, and
in the old College in Warwick-lane had under it the
following inscription by Dr. Ward :
Hanc Magni illius GULIELMI HARVBII
senis octogenarii imaginem,
qui saiiguinis circuitum primus monstravit,
medicinamque rationalem instituit,
ad picturam archetypam, quam in sno servat Museo,
effictam,
honoris causa hie ponendum curavit
Richardus Mead Medicus Regius.
The College possess a splendid bust and three por-
traits of Mead. The former, executed by Roubiliac at
the expense of Dr. Askew, and presented by him to
the College in 1756, was in Warwick-lane supported
on a bracket, which bore the following inscription :
HANG RICHARDI MEADII effigiem, literarum atque artis medicce
statoris et vindicii perpetui, amicitiae causa ponendam curavit Anto-
nius Askew, M.D. 1756.
The larger and finer portrait was presented by Dr.
Charles Chauncey in 1759 ; the portrait in profile by
Mrs. Pelham Warren in April, 1836, and the remain-
ing portrait by Mr. Bayford on the 20th March, 1837.
There is also in the Censor's room a miniature portrait
of Dr. Mead on ivory, which was presented to the Col-
lege by the late distinguished surgeon, Sir William
Fergusson, bart.
Dr. Mead's published works were
A Mechanical Account of Poisons. 8vo. Lond. 1702.
De Imperio Solis ac Lunaa in Corpore Humano, et Morbis inde
oriundis. 8vo. Lond. 1704.
A Short Discourse concerning Pestilential Contagion, and the
Methods to prevent it. 8vo. Lond. 1720.
Oratio Anniversaria Harveeiana ; accessit Dissertatio de Num-
mis quibusdam a Smyrnaais in Medicorum honorem percussis. 4to.
Lond. 1724.
A Discourse on the Plague. 8vo. Lond. 1744.
De Variolis et Morbillis. Accessit Rhazis de iisdern Morbis Trac-
tatus. 8vo. Lond. 1747.
48 . ROLL OF THE [1716
Medica Sacra : sive de Morbis insignioribus qui in Bibliis memo-
ran tur Commentarius. 8vo. Lond. 1749.
Monita et Prascepta Medica. 8vo. Lond. 1751.
RICHARD HALE, M.D., was the son of Richard Hale,
by his wife Elizabeth Church, and was educated at
Trinity college, Oxford, as a member of which he pro-
ceeded A.B. 19th May, 1693 ; A.M. 4th February, 1695 ;
M.B. llth February, 1697 ; and M.D. 23rd June, 1701.
He was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 23rd December, 1708 ; a Fellow 9th April,
1716 ; was Censor in 1718, 1719, 1724 ; and Harveian
Orator in 1724. Dr. Hale died 26th September, 1728,
aged fifty-eight. * He was a liberal benefactor to the
College. In the Annals we read : "August 11, 1729.
The College seal was affixed to a discharge of 450^.
being a legacy of Dr. Hale to the College, for buying of
books, &c., which, with 501. he had given in his lifetime,
made up the sum of 500/."
At the next quarterly Comitia, held 30th September,
1729, " It was desired by the College that a copy of
Dr. Hales's picture might be drawn for the College li-
brary.'^
JOHN FREIND, M.D., was the third son of the Rev.
* "Neque hie prsetermittendus est Richardus Hale, qui quan-
quam primo intuitu, Tit ii plerumque qui maniacorum curam ali-
qnamdiu habent, quadanteniis asper, non illo tamen quisquam
benignior, amicior, doctior, aut melior : Ea quippe comitate et
integritate ut religio sibi fuerit alios in errorem ducere, ea etiam
sapientia atque eruditione quae sibi ab aliquo imponi nullatenus
paterentur ; singulari amore in viros suae Professionis ; multi in ilia
no-minis, eamque adaugere et exornare omni ratione contendens ;
Academicorum honorem atque commodum praecipue promovens ;
dignitati et utilitati hujus Collegii animitus prospiciens, et legatis
quingentis libris pro coemenda supellectile literaria, illud munifice
ditans ; tarn probus denique tantusque, tarn in arte sua, quam caeteris
vitse muniis, ut illius lethum fnerit, juxta ac illud L. Crassi apud
Ciceronem, Acerbum suis, luctuosum patriae, grave bonis omni-
bus." Oratio Harveiana, anno MDCCXXIX, auct. Piercio Dod.
f In the Treasurer's book I read: 1733. October llth. Paid
Mr. Richardson, the lymner, for painting Dr. Hales' picture by Dr.
Tyson's order, twenty guineas.
1716] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 49
William Freind, A.M., rector of Croughton, North-
amptonshire, and was born there in 1675. He was
educated at Westminster, under Dr. Busby ; and in
1694 was elected thence to Christ Church, Oxford, of
which Dr. Aldrich was then the dean. Freind's attain-
ments as a classical scholar were already so distin-
guished that, in conjunction with Mr. Foulkes, he un-
dertook, under the auspices of Dr. Aldrich, to give a
new edition, with Latin notes and translation, of two
Greek orations, the one of ^Eschines, the other of
Demosthenes. They appeared in 1696, under the title
of " jEschinis contra Ctesiphontem et Demosthenis de
Corona Orationes. Interpretationem Latinam et vocum
difficiliorum explicationem adjecerunt P. Foulkes et lo.
Freind, ^Edis Christi alumni." About the same time,
Freind undertook the revision of the edition of Ovid's
" Metamorphoses," which had been prepared for the
use of the Dauphin. He took the degree of A.B. 4th
June, 1698 ; of A.M. 12th April, 1701. From the date
of his first degree in arts, he applied sedulously to the
study of physic; and in 1699 addressed to Sir (then
Dr.) Hans Sloane a letter on hydrocephalus, which was
published in the twenty-first volume of the " Philo-
sophical Transactions." In 1701 he wrote another
letter, in Latin, to the same distinguished physician,
"de Spasmi Rarioris Historia," giving an account of
some extraordinary cases of convulsion occurring in
Oxfordshire, which made at that time a very great
noise, and would probably have been magnified into
something supernatural had not the writer taken the
pains to set them in their true light. Freind proceeded
bachelor of medicine 1st June, 1703 ; and the same year
gave a solid proof of his professional and classical attain-
ments, by the publication of his " Emmenologia, in
qua Fluxus Muliebris menstrui Phenomena, Periodi,
Vitia, cum medendi Methodo, ad Rationes mechanicas
exiguntur." 8vo. This work, as its title implies, is
based on the mechanical doctrines then so much in
vogue ; and though at first it met with some opposition,
VOL. IT. E
50 ROLL OF THE [1716
and was then and afterwards animadverted upon by
various writers, has always been regarded as a masterly
essay. " It is," says one authority, " admirable for the
beauty of its style, the elegant disposition of its parts,
its wonderful succinctness and perspicuity, and for the
happy concurrence of learning and penetration visible
through the whole." In the following year (1704)
Freind was appointed reader on chemistry at Oxford,
and in the performance of the duties of that office he
delivered the course of lectures which were published
in 1709, under the title of " Prselectiones Chymicae :
in quibus omnes fere Operationes Chemicse ad Vera
Principia et ipsius Naturae Leges rediguntur. Anno
1704, Oxonii in Museo Ashmoleano habitse." In these
lectures Freind applied with great judgment Newton's
then recently established laws of nature to the expla-
nation and elucidation of chemistry. By the size,
shape, surface, specific gravity, and attraction of the
component atoms of bodies, and the influence of the
magnetic and electric forces upon them, he explained
all chemical processes and operations, and by so doing
simplified to its fullest extent what had hitherto been
in the highest degree obscure and perplexed. In the-
words of Sir Henry Halford,* "huic viro laudi fuit,
illam attractionis vim quam in grandiore corporum
ccelestium mole perspexerat Newt onus, summo cum
judicio rebus Chemicis accommodasse et quicquid in
theoria perplexum olim erat et obscurum legibus New-
tonianis simplicissime expediisse." In 1705 Freind ac-
companied lord Peterborough on his Spanish expedition,
in the capacity of physician to the army, in which post
he continued for about two years. He then made a tour
of Italy, and spent some time at Rome. On his return
to England, in 1707, finding the character of lord Peter-
borough assailed, he published a defence of him, en-
titled "An Account of the Earl of Peterborough's Con-
duct in Spain, chiefly since the raising the Siege of Barce-
lona," 1706 ; to which is added, "The Campaign of Valen-
* Oratio ex Harveii institute habita die Octob. 18, 1800.
1716] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 51
cia, with original papers." 8 vo. 1 707. On the 1 2th June,
1707, Freind was created doctor of medicine at Oxford,
by diploma; in 1712 he was admitted a fellow of the
Royal Society, and the same year attended the duke of
Ormond into Flanders, as his physician.
Settling in London on his return, he was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1713, and a Fellow 9th April, 1716. He delivered the
Gulstonian Lectures in 1718, the Harveian Oration in
1720, and was Censor in 1718, 1719. In 1717 Dr.
Freind published the First and Third Books of Hippo-
crates, De Morbis Popularibus, with nine Commentaries
on Fever. This work was attacked by Dr. Woodward,
the Gresham professor of physic, in his " State of Physic
and of Diseases," 8vo. Lond. 1718 ; and here was laid
the foundation of a dispute which was carried on with
great acrimony and violence on both sides. Parties
were formed under these leaders, and several pamphlets
were written. Freind supported his opinion " concern-
ing the advantage of purging in the second fever of the
confluent small-pox" for it was on this single point
that the dispute chiefly turned in a Latin letter ad-
dressed to Dr. Mead in 1719, and since printed among
his works. He was likewise supposed to be the author
of a pamphlet entitled "A Letter to the learned Dr.
Woodward, by Dr. Byfield," wherein Woodward is rallied
with great spirit and address for Freind made no
serious answer to Woodward's book, but contented
himself with ridiculing his antagonist under the name
of a celebrated empiric.
In 1722 Dr. Freind was elected a member of parlia-
ment for Launceston, and in that capacity distinguished
himself by some able speeches in the House of Com-
mons, against measures of which he disapproved. He
was a staunch Tory, and the intimate friend of bishop
Atterbury. He attended that prelate in the Tower as
his physician, and was suspected of participation in the
so-called " bishops' plot." These various circumstances
drew upon him so much resentment that, the Habeas
E 2
52 ROLL OF THE [1716
r Corpus Act being at that time suspended, he was, in
March, 1722-3, after an examination before a committee
I of the Privy Council, committed a close prisoner to the
Tower. He continued a prisoner until 21st June, when,
owing to the firmness and determination of Dr. Mead,
who refused to prescribe for Sir Robert Walpole, the
minister of the day, until he was liberated, Freind was
admitted to bail. His sureties were Dr. Mead, Dr.
Hulse, Dr. Levett, and Dr. Hale. In November he was
discharged from his recognizance.*
The leisure afforded him by his confinement in the
Tower, he employed in a manner suitable to his abili-
ties and profession. It was during this period that he
wrote the celebrated and elegant letter to Dr. Mead,
" De quibusdam Variolarum Generibus Epistola," pub-
lished in 4to. in 1723. There also he laid the plan of
his last, elaborate, and most learned work, " The His-
tory of Physick from the time of Galen to the begin-
ning of the xvj th century, chiefly with regard to prac-
tice, in a Discourse written to Dr. Mead." The first
part appeared in 1725 ; the second in 1726. Soon after
Freind obtained his liberty, he was appointed physician
to the prince of Wales ; and on that prince's accession
to the throne he became physician to queen Caroline.
Early in the year 1727-8, Atterbury addressed to Dr.
* " When Sir Robert Walpole, the minister of the day, sent to
consult Mead on account of an indisposition, he availed himself of
the occasion to plead the cause of the captive. He urged that
though the warmth and freedom of .Freind might have betrayed
him into some intemperate observations, yet no one could doubt his
patriotic feelings and loyalty, that his public services had been
great, for he had attended the earl of Peterborough in his Spanish
expedition as an army physician, and had also accompanied in the
same capacity the duke of Ormond into Flanders ; that he deserved
well of science, for he had done much to call the attention of the
world to the new and sound principles of the Newtonian philosophy :
and was besides a man of excellent parts, a thorough scholar, and
one whom all acknowledged to be very able in his profession and
finally, the doctor refused to prescribe for the minister unless the
prisoner was set at liberty. He was almost immediately relieved
from prison and admitted to bail." The Gold Headed Cane, 2nd
edition. 8vo. Lond. 1828, p. 79.
1716] ROYAL COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS. 53
Freind his celebrated " Letter on the character of
lapis/' of whom the bishop considered this learned
physician to be the modern prototype. In 1725 the
College of Physicians petitioned the House of Com-
mons against the pernicious and growing use of spirit-
uous liquors among persons of all ranks and of both
sexes, and they confided the presentation of the peti-
tion to Dr. Freind, one of their own fellows, and then a
member of the House. * Dr. Freind died 26th July,
1728, in the fifty-second year of his age,t and was
* 1725. Dec. 22. Order'd that a Committee of College Officers
be appointed to review a Representation to be offered to the House
of Commons against the pernicious use of strong spirituous
liquors.
The Petition was as follows :
To the Honourable the House of Commons.
The humble Representation of the College of Physicians in
London.
We, the President and College or Commonality of the Faculty of
Physick in London who are appointed by the laws of the kingdom
to take care of the health of his Majestie's subjects in London and
within seven miles circuit of the same, do think it our duty most
humbly to represent that we have with concern observed, for some
years past, the fatal effects of the frequent use of several sorts of
distilled Spirituous Liquors upon great numbers of both sexes,
rendering them diseas'd, not fit for business, poor, a burthen to
themselves and neighbours, and too often the cause of weak, feeble,
and distemper'd Children, who must be, instead of an advantage
and strength, a charge to their Country.
We crave leave further most humbly to represent that this
Custom doth every year increase, notwithstanding our repeated
Advices to the contrary. We therefore most humbly submit to the
consideration of Parliament, so great and growing an evil. In
testimony thereof, We have this nineteenth day of January, 1725,
caus'd our Common Seal to be affixed to this our Representation.
Comitiis Maj: Extraord. 19 Januarii 1725 habitis. The Represen-
tation of the College against the frequent use of strong Spirituous
Liquors was read and approved, and the College Seal was thereto
affixed, and Dr. Freind was desired by the College to take an oppor-
tunity of presenting it to the House of Commons, which he (being
a member) promised to do.
t Dr. Freind's colleagues in the College have celebrated his
praises in many of the Harveian Orations, but in none of them
with equal felicity and elegance as in that by a kindred spirit, Sir
54 ROLL OF THE [1716
buried at Hitcham, co. Berks, the manor of which had
been purchased by him in 1700. On a slab within the
communion rails is the following inscription :
H. J.
Johannes Freind M.D.
Serenissimee Reginse Carolines Archiatrus
et hujus Manerii Dominus
Obiit 26 Julii 1728 ret: 52.
Dr. Freind had married in 1709 Anne, the eldest
daughter of Thomas Morice, esq., then paymaster of
the forces in Portugal, by whom he had an only son,
John, who died unmarried in 1750. The doctor's
relict died in 1737, and was buried at Hitcham, near
her husband.
George Baker. " His," says he, " accensere licebit medicum ad-
prime eruditum, Oxonii sui delicias et decus, Joannem Freind.
Cujus quidem viri quoties inspicere lubet in indolem, et labores, et
studia, annon exemplnm, in illustri positum monumento, intuemur,
qualem oporteat esse medicum, qui aiFectet aliquod ultra mediocre
et quotidianum ? Fuit illi ingenium acre et excelsum ; multiplex,
versatile, varium. Tanti sub ipsa adolescentia, tarn admirabiles ab
eo in studiis progressus facti sunt ; infinita scientiarum pene om-
nium materies tarn avide et toto, quod ajunt, pectore devorata, ut
non ille discere sed reminisci, non excurrere videretur sed evolare ad
omnom literature excellentiam. Duram et asperam tactu Philoso-
phiam solus fere tractare potuit, nee tamen elegantiaa suss valedi-
cere ; et simul ei et diserto esse concessum est, et Musas severiores
colere. Ad rem vero medicinalem illustrandam non tarn alienis
institutis, quam propria natures vi ; non tarn rudimentis artium,
quam usu ; non tarn discendo, quam agendo atque experiundo, totus
abreptus est. Neque tamen in ultimis ejus laudibus ponendum
censeo, quod tarn ardenti flagraverit studio ea omnia versandi atque
ediscendi, quse antiqui literis mandarunt, viri et arte et facundia
insignes, quique miram in scriptis obtinent turn medendi turn
scribendi salubritatem. Etenim si apud medicos alicujus pretii
habeantur, quae habentur certe maximi, in observando acumen et
diligentia, in communicando fides ; si honestius sit ac fructudsius
scientiam ex ipsis fontibus potius haurire, quam earn in arescentes
rivalos dispertitam consectari, profecto aut apud veteres est, aut
nusquam est, quod quaeritur. Etsi enim diffitendum neutiquam
sit, plurima, a veteribus prave intellecta, diem castigasse ; etsi vel
praedicandem sit, plurima, ab iis prorsus ignorata, in lucem ususque
vestros diem protulisse ; ea tamen eorum merita sunt, ut raro vir
magnus quisquam extiterat, nisi quern haec studia oblectarint, haec
ornaverit sapientia, hi magistri docuerint ; " p. 20.
1716] KOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 55
A monument to Dr. Freind's memory, with the follow-
ing inscription, was erected in Westminster abbey :
JOHANNES FREIND, M.D.
Archiater
Serenissimae ReginaB Carolines ;
cujus perspicaci judicio cum se approbasset,
quanta prius apud omnes Medicine fama,
tanta apud Regiam Familiam gratia floruit.
Ingenio erat benevolo et admodum liberal!,
societatis et convictuum amans,
amicitiarum (etiam suo alicubi periculo) tenacissimus.
Nemo beneficia aut in alios alacrius contul,it,
aut in se collata libentius meminit.
Juvenis adliuc scriptis coepit inclarescere,
et assiduo turn Latini turn Patrii sermonis usu
orationem perpolivit ;
quam vero in umbraculis excoluerat facundiam,
earn in solem atque aciem Senator protulit.
Humanioribus literis domi peregreque operam dedit ;
omnes autem, ut decuit, nervos intendit
sua in arte ut esset versatissimus :
quo successu, Orbis Britannici cives et proceres,
quam multiplici scientia, viri omnium gentium eruditi ;
quam indefesso studio et industria,
id quidem, non sine lacrymis amici loquentur.
Miri quiddam fuit, quod in tarn continua occupatione,
inter tot circuitiones,
scribendo etiam vacare posset :
quod tanto oneri diutius sustinendo impar esset,
nih.il miri.
Obiit siquidem, vigente adhuc setate,
annum agens quinquagesimum secundum,
set. Christi 1728, Jul. 26;
Collegii Westmonasteriensis
et aedis Christi Oxoniensis Alumnus ;
Collegii Medicorum Londinensium
et Societatis Regiaa Socius.
A good portrait of Dr. Freind by Dahl is in the Col-
lege dining-room. It was bequeathed to the College
by Matthew Lee, M.D., to be mentioned hereafter, and
in the old college in Warwick-lane, had the following
inscription appended to it : " Joh. Freind, M.D., Oxon :
hujus Collegii quondam socii quam cernis imaginem
legavit moriens Matt. Lee, M.D., Oxon, et hujus
56 BOLL OF THE [1716
Collegii socius. A.D. 1755."* Another, and finer por-
trait of Dr. Freind than the one just mentioned, is in
the possession of George Owen Bees, M.D., of Albe-
marle-street.
There is, too, in the Censor's room, a spirited medal-
lion of Dr. Freind, carved in boxwood. It was pre-
sented to the College by Dr. Diamond, and had for-
merly belonged to Sir George L. Tuthill, M.D., a Fellow
of our College, which is all that is known concerning
it. Beside these, there is extant a finely executed
medal of Dr. Freind, with the doctor's bust on the ob-
verse, inscribed " JOANNES FREIND, Coll. Med. Lond. et
Beg. S.S," and on the neck the initial letters of the
artist's name, S. V. (Saint Urbain). Beverse, an ancient
and modern physician joining hands. " Medicina vetus
et nova. Exergue, Uiiam facimus utramque."
The doctor's valuable library was sold at auction by
Mr. Cock, in January, 1728-9.
THOMAS PELLETT, M.D., was born in Sussex, and
admitted a pensioner of Queen's college, Cambridge,
8th June, 1689, as a member of which he proceeded
bachelor of medicine in 1694. In the following year
he visited Italy, in company with Dr. Mead and Mr.
Thomas Polhill, studied for a time at Padua, and then
returned to England. He was created doctor of medi-
cine of Cambridge (Comitiis Begiis) in 1705 ; and, set-
tling in London, was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 22nd December, 1707 ; and a Fellow,
9th April, 1716. He was Censor in 1717, 1720, 1727 ;
Harveian Orator, 1719 ; Consiliarius, 1740, 1741 ; and
President, 1735, 1736, 1737, 1738, 1739. Dr. Pellett
and Mr. Martin Folkes were the joint-editors of the
edition of Sir Isaac Newton's " Chronology of Ancient
Kingdoms," which appeared in 1728. Dr. Pellett died
at his house in Henrietta-street, Covent-garden, 4th
July, 1744.t His portrait is on the staircase.
* Malcolm's Londinum Redivivum, vol. iii, p. 384.
t " Vir multis nominibus celebrandus, atque hoc uno (si nullum
1717] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 57
JOHN PLOMER. A native of Gloucestershire, in
which county he was then practising ; was admitted an
Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physicians, 12th
June, 1716.
WILLIAM HALLETT, M.D., was entered on the physic
line at Leyden, 23rd August, 1713, and graduated
doctor of medicine there in 1714 (D.M.I, de viribus
Argenti Vivi). He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 31st July, 1716. Dr. Hallett
practised at Exeter, was a Dissenter, and was implicitly
trusted by those of his own persuasion in and around
that city. He was one of the five physicians appointed
to the Devon and Exeter hospital on its establishment
in 1741. Dr. Hallett died in 1754.
THOMAS PONT, of Liverpool, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th April,
1717.
CHARLES TOURVILLE. A younger son of Sir
Tourville, of Ashton, co. Leicester, bart. ; was admitted
subesset aliud) minime hie tacendus, quod anmiam hanc dicendi
occasionem aliquandiu intermissam Ipse restituerit : cujus lauda-
bili proposito non modo consummatam Ipsius sed posterorum
quoque Oratorum omnium, debemus Eloquentiam. Singularis om-
nino fuit et eximia Pelletti indoles. Artibus et ingenio ad medici-
nam exolendam quo fuit instructior eo studiosius ejus exercendae
grave onus detrectavit. Quanto magis meritorum suorum fuit
conscius, tanto aegrius iniquam artis suae toleravit sortem, qui
egregiis animi dotibus plerosque homines superavit, eum profecto
coram Muliercularum tribunali ad quod quotidie citantur Medici
causam dicere piguit maxime : qui injuriarum suspicionum, inimi-
citiarum infamise, immo et famae omnino immeritae non valde fuit
patiens, is artem istiusmodi in qua exercenda haec omnia insunt
mala non aversari non potuit, qui otii literati et quotidianae litera-
torum consuetudinis fuit amantissimus, is ab iis ad diurnos noctur-
nosque artis aeerbissimae labores se divelli eagre passus est. Qui
denique lucri gratia facere nihil is arte humanitatis et amicitiae
potuit omnia. praeclarissimum Hominis Ingenium ! qui ita
sentire numquam destiterit. invidendam Medici fortunam quae
ita agere ei permiserit." Oratio Harveiana, 1755 habita, p. 35.
58 ROLL OF THE [1718
an Extra-Licentiate of the College 25th May, 1717.
He practised at Whitehaven.
His GRACE JOHN DUKE OF MONTAGUE was admitted,
at his own request, a Fellow of the College of Physi-
cians 23rd October, 1717.* He was often present at
the delivery of the Harveian Orations, and not unfre-
quently at the annual dinners. The duke died of a
violent fever in July, 1749, aged fifty-nine. He was
master-general of the ordnance, master of the great
wardrobe, colonel of the 2nd dragoon guards, knight of
the garter, grand master of the order of the Bath, a
privy councillor, and a fellow of the Hoyal Society.
Dying without issue the title became extinct.
WILLIAM CROSE, of Richmond, Surrey, was admitted
an Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physicians 8th
May, 1718.
MICHAEL LEE DICKER, M.D., was born in Exeter, and
on the 20th August, 1717, being then twenty-two years
of age, was entered on the physic line at Leyden, and
in that university took his degree of doctor of medi-
cine 30th May, 1718 (D.M.I, de Motibus Ordinatis
et Inordinatis Animalium, 4to.). He was admitted an
Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physicians 14th June,
1718, and then settled at Exeter, where he soon ac-
quired the confidence of a numerous party. Dr. Dicker
was a member of the society of Friends ; a man of in-
offensive manners and plain good sense, rather safe than
scientific, and more distinguished for mild attention
than officious interference in the operations of nature.
He was appointed one of the physicians to the Devon
* " His Grace the Duke of Montague having been admitted
doctor of physick at Cambridge, when king George was there : the
president proposed him to be chosen fellow of the College. His
Grace was ballotted for and elected n.c. Resolved that the fellows
of the College will meet in their gowns at the Treasurer's house
(which is near the Duke's), and go thence and admit his Grace at
his own house."
1718] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 59
and Exeter hospital on its establishment, and continued
to hold that office till his death, 3rd October, 1754, iii
the fifty-ninth year of his age. A portrait of Dr. Dicker,
by Thomas Hudson, is in the board room of the hospi-
tal at Exeter.
RICHARD TYSON, M.D., was born in Gloucestershire,
and was the son of Edward Tyson, M.D., a Fellow of
the College, who died in 1708. Dr. Richard Tyson was
educated at Pembroke college, Cambridge, of which
house he was a fellow. He proceeded M.B. 1710 ; M.D.
1715; was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 25th June, 1717 ; and a Fellow 25th June, 1718,
He was Censor in 1718, 1728, 1734, 1736, 1737; Regis-
trar from 1723 to 1735 inclusive ; was appointed Trea-
surer 16th April, 1739, in place of Dr. Wharton, de-
ceased, and held that office until October, 1746. He
delivered the Harveian Oration in 1725. Dr. Tyson
was named an Elect 18th August, 1735 ; and was ele-
vated to the Presidential chair in 1746. This distin-
guished office he continued to fill to the day of his death,
3rd January, 1749-50. Dr. Tyson was physician to St.
Bartholomew's hospital, to which office he was elected
7th May, 1725. In September, 1729, whilst in the
execution of his office there, he was violently assaulted
by one of the patients, supposed to be in a disordered
state of his senses. Help immediately coming, the fel-
low was secured, but in the scufHe Dr. Tyson fell
against the locker of a bed, by which the cap of his knee
was put out, and his arms very much bruised. *
THOMAS WEST, M.D., was born in Northamptonshire,
and was originally of Exeter college, Oxford, as a mem-
ber of which he took the degree of bachelor of arts 17th
October, 1687 ; but then removing to Merton college,
proceeded A.M. 13thNovember, 1691; M.B. 29th April,
1693 ; M.D. 25th June, 1696. He was admitted a Can-
didate of the College of Physicians 23rd December,
* British Medical Journal for October 23, 1875, p. 527.
60 ROLL OF THE [1718
1717 ; and a Fellow 22nd December, 1718. He was
Treasurer in 1721 and 1722 ; Censor, 1725, 1729 ; and
dying suddenly at his house in Red Lion-square, 17th
August, 1738, was buried in the chapel of Merton col-
leo-e, Oxford, where he is thus commemorated:
O ' '
Here,
near the remains of his first wife,
CATHERINE, daughter of Dr. Lydall,
who died Dec r y e 16, A.D. 1705,
lieth
the body of THOMAS WEST, M.D.
Fellow of the College of Physicians,
and formerly Fellow of this College,
who departed this life
the seventeenth day of August,
in the year of our Lord
1738, aged 70 years.
WILLIAM WAGSTAFFE, M.D., was descended from a
very ancient family long settled at Knightcote, in War-
wickshire ; but was actually born in Northamptonshire.
His father, who was rector of Cublington, co. Bucks,
took more than ordinary care of the education of this
his only son. He was placed at an excellent school in
Northampton, whence, at the age of sixteen, he was re-
moved to Lincoln college, Oxford. At the university
he was distinguished, not only for the soundness of his
learning, but as an agreeable and facetious companion,
which made his society much sought for by persons of
superior rank and standing. He took the degree of
A.B. 16th June, 1704 ; A.M. 5th May, 1707 ; and had
some thoughts of entering the Church ; but a visit to
London, to his relative the Rev. Thomas Wagstaffe, an
amateur practitioner of physic, diverted him from his
original intention, and induced him to apply to the
study of medicine. He proceeded doctor of medicine at
Oxford, accumulating his degrees, 8th July, 1714, and
settling in London, was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 23rd December, 1717, and a Fel-
low 22nd December, 1718. He was Censor in 1720.
Dr. Wagstaffe was a fellow of the Royal Society, reader
1718J ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 61
on anatomy at Surgeons' hall, and physician to St. Bar-
tholomew's hospital. His affairs becoming embarrassed,
his spirits and his health gave way. In March, 1724-5,
he took a journey to Bath, but had not been there
many weeks before he relapsed. Growing progressively
worse, he died in that city 5th May, 1725, in the for-
tieth year of his age. Dr. Wagstaffe was twice married,
first to the daughter of his relative, the Rev. Thomas
Wagstaffe, and secondly to a daughter of Charles Ber-
nard, esq., serjearit-surgeon to queen Anne. He edited
Dr. Drake's " Anthropologia Nova," and was the author
of a Letter to Dr. Andrew Tripe, at Bath, 8vo. Lond.
1719, and of a specious pamphlet against small-pox
inoculation, entitled
A Letter showing the danger and uncertainty of Inoculating the
Small-pox. 8vo. Lond. 1722.
All his other writings were satirical : they were col-
lected into one volume, and published in 1725, under
the title
Miscellaneous Works of Dr. William Wagstaffe, Physician to St.
Bartholomew's Hospital ; with an Account of his Life and Writings.
WILLIAM BAEROWBY, M.D., was born in London,
and educated at Trinity college, Oxford, as a member
of which house he proceeded A.B. 15th June, 1703,
A.M. 27th October, 1706, M.B. 13th April, 1709, and
M.D. 18th July, 1713. He was admitted a Candidate
of the College of Physicians 23rd December, 1717, a
Fellow 22nd December, 1718. Dr. Barrowby was ad-
mitted a fellow of the Royal Society 9th November,
1721. He was Censor in 1721, 1730, 1734. He was
elected physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital 28th
March, 1750, and died suddenly "of a dead palsy,"
30th December, 1751. Dr. Barrowby's portrait by
T. Jenkins, was engraved by J. S. Miller. He was the
author, conjointly, it is said, with Dr. Kirkpatrick and
one of the Schombergs, of
62 ROLL OF THE [1718
A Letter to the real and genuine Pierce Dod, exposing the Ab-
surdity of a Spurious Pamphlet, ascribed to him by Dod Pierce.
8vo. Lond. 1746 ; and of
Syllabus Anatomicus Prselectionibus annuatim habendis, adap-
tatus, 8vo. Lond. 1736.
SIR EDWARD HULSE, BART., M.D., was the eldest
son of Edward Hulse, M.D., a Fellow of the College of
Physicians, by his wife Dorothy, a daughter of Thomas
Westrow, esq. He was of Emmanuel college, Cam-
bridge, and as a member of that house proceeded M.B.
in 1704, M.D. 17th December, 1717. He was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 23rd Decem-
ber, 1717, and a Fellow 22nd December, 1718; was
Censor in 1720, 1721, 1735 ; Elect 5th June, 1736 ;
and Consiliarius in 1750, 1751, 1753. He was physi-
cian in ordinary to queen Anne and king George I, and
was created a baronet in 1739. Sir Edward, who had
married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Levett,
lord mayor of London in 1700, withdrew from practice
some years before his death, and retired to Baldwins,
on Dartford Heath, co. Kent. He died on the 10th
April, 1759, aged seventy-seven, and was buried at
Wilmington, Kent, in the churchyard of which parish
there is a vault of considerable dimensions, supposed to
have been built in 1746, when the remains of lady
Hulse were brought from Essex, where she had been
buried, and deposited in it. Over the vault is raised a
monument similar in its design to that erected in the
churchyard of Chelsea to the memory of Sir Hans
Sloane, there being a marble urn entwined by a ser-
pent. On a tablet of white marble fixed in the east
front of the pedestal is the following inscription :
Here lieth the body of
Sir Edward Hulse, Bart.,
First Physician to His Majesty George the Second.
He practised in London forty years with reputation and success,
and, retiring from business in the later part of life,
died April 10, 1759,
aged seventy-seven.
Here also lieth the body of
1718] ROYAL COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS. 63
Dame Elizabeth, his wife, one of the daughters of
Sir Richard Levet, knight, citizen of London.
She died January 15th, 1741, aged 47.
A few years before Sir Edward Hulse's death lie
became childish, and was impressed with the idea that
he should die in want. To obviate this feeling, his
family were in the habit of putting some guineas into
his pocket every day, which they made him believe he
had taken as fees. He was probably aware of his
approaching infirmities, for ten years before his death
he declined visiting any patient unless accompanied by
his intimate friend Dr. (afterwards Sir William) Wat-
son.
Sir Edward Hulse, although not the first medical
baronet, is the first of that order who left a son and
transmitted the title, which is now borne by his de-
scendant Sir Edward, the fifth baronet of Bream ore, in
Hampshire. The house and estate of Breamore was
purchased by Sir Edward Huise, M.D., in 1738. The
house was burnt down some years since, but has been
rebuilt in the same style. There is a print of the old
house in Prosser. All the family portraits were burnt.
They were fixed to the walls, and could not be removed.
Sir Edward Hulse's portrait was painted by F. Cotes,
and engraved by J. Watson.
THOMAS WADS WORTH, M.D., was born in Hertford-
shire, and educated at Leyden, where he took the
degree of doctor of medicine in 1699 (Theses Medico
Inaugurales de Secretionibus in Genere, 4to.). On the
7th December, 1717, he was created doctor of medicine
at Cambridge ; was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 23rd December, 1717; a Fellow
22nd December, 1718 ; and was Censor in 1721. Dr.
Wadsworth was one of the physicians to St. Thomas's
hospital, an office he resigned shortly before his death,
which occurred on the 23rd June, 1733.
THOMAS VINCENT was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
64 KOLL OF THE [1719
of the College 13th March, 1718-9. He practised at
Plymouth, and, dying there 23rd October, 1780, in the
89th year of his age, was buried in the south aisle of
St. Andrew's church, where a floor stone is inscribed to
his memory, and to that of several other members of
his family.
STEPHEN CHASE, M.D., was born in Buckingham-
shire. Admitted at Magdalen hall, Oxford, he pro-
ceeded A.B. 4th May, 1697 ; A.M. 8th February, 1699 ;
M.B. 27th April, 1703. On the 3rd December, 1713,
he took the degree of doctor of medicine as a member
of Merton college ; was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 24th April, 1718 ; and a Fellow
23rd March, 1718-9. He was Censor in 1722, and on
the 10th December, 1724, was admitted a fellow of the
Royal Society. Dr. Chase was twice married ; first to
Philippa Duncombe, who died 23rd July, 1721, in the
forty-third year of her age : secondly, to Elizabeth, the
daughter of Edmund Pye, of Farringdon, esq., who died
16th January, 1739, aged forty-seven years. Both are
buried in the church of Great Brickhill, in his native
county, to which place he retired, and where he him-
self was buried 13th January, 1742.
SIB, CONRAD JOACHIM SPRENGELL, M.D., a native
of Leipsic, and a doctor of medicine of Angiers, of 12th
March, 1710 ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 23rd March, 1718-9. He was admitted
a fellow of the Eoyal Society 23rd March, 1720-1.
He received the honour of knighthood from George I
1st May, 1725, and died, according to Dr. Thomson,"""
14th March, 1740. He published a translation of the
Aphorisms of Hippocrates and Sentences of Celsus.
8vo. Lond. 1735.
JAMES JURIN, M.D., was born in London, and edu-
cated at Christ's hospital, whence he proceeded to
* History of the Royal Society, p. xxxv.
1719] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 65
Trinity college, Cambridge, of which society he became
a fellow. He took the two degrees in arts, A.B. 1705,
A.M. 1709. On the 2nd November, 1709, he was [X
entered on the physic line at Leyden, and on the 23rd
January following was appointed master of the gram-
mar school of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. During the
period he was master there he published
Burnhardi Yarenii Greographia Generalis, in qua affectiones gene-
rales Telluris explicantur. Adjecta est Appendix, praecipna recen-
tiorum inventa ad geographiam spectantia continens. Cantab. 1712.
Dedicated to Dr. Bentley.
Jurin's early attachment to those philosophical studies
which he afterwards cultivated with so much success,
was evident during his residence at Newcastle, where,
according to Brand, he gave lectures on experimental
philosophy, and saved a thousand pounds, which enabled
huii to prosecute the plans he had formed, namely, to
resign his mastership which he did in 171 5 return to
Cambridge, and take the degree of doctor of medicine.
This he did in 1716, soon after which he settled in
London, was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1718 ; and a Fellow 25th June,
1719. He was soon elected a fellow of the Royal
Society, and was appointed secretary 30th November,
1721, resigning that office on St. Andrew's day, 1727.
In his capacity of secretary he edited the 31st and
three following volumes of the " Philosophical Trans-
actions." Dr. Jurin was appointed physician to Guy's
hospital 21st April, 1725, but resigned it, on account of
his steadily increasing professional engagements, 31st
March, 1732. He was one of the Censors of the Col-
lege in 1723, 1730, 1731, 1735, 1744; Elect, 17th
July, 1744 ; Consiliarius, 1748, 1749; and finally, on
the death of Dr. Tyson, was elected President 19th
January, 1750. Dr. Jurin survived this honour for a
few weeks only : he died at his house in Lincoln's-inn-
fields, 29th March, 1750, in the sixty-sixth year of his
age, and was buried at St. James's, Garlick-hill, on the
VOL. II. F
66 ROLL OP THE [1719
south wall of which is a monument of neat workman-
ship, bearing the following inscription :
In this corner of the church
are deposited the remains of
James Jurin, M.D.
Ob: 29 March 1750 set. 65.
Mary his wife ob: 5 July 1784.
James their only son, of the Hermitage in
Northumberland, esq., ob: s.p. July, 1782.
V Out of the ample fortune Dr. Jurin had acquired by
his profession, he bequeathed a considerable legacy to
Christ's hospital. A bust of this distinguished phy-
sician, placed there by his son, is in the library of that
noble foundation. *
Dr. Jurin's merits as a mathematician were of the
highest order, and his papers in the " Philosophical
Transactions " are, perhaps, the most satisfactory ex-
amples we possess of the application of mathematical
science to physiology. His paper " De Potentia Cor-
dis," in No. 358, and his essay in defence of it in No.
362, addressed to Dr. Mead, and written in very choice
* " Nee deerit inter laudes, Jurino etiam aliquod et loci et glorise ;
quern credo non poenituit, cseteris Academies disciplinis satis imbu-
tum, perfectam insuper geometric scientiam ex uberrimis ejus fon-
tibus affluentius hausisse et in rebus Physicis inclarescere potuisse,
vivente etiam atque regnante Physicorum Principe Newtono. Tali
instructus apparatu cum ad medicinam tractandam accessisset,
spinas eas et asperitates quibus omnis fere obstructa est cognitio
facile superavit victor; et, certiora figens vestigia festinavit im-
piger ad summam in re medica prsestantiam. Magna mihi est copia
memorandi plurima turn doctrines ejus multiplicis monumenta, turn
pietatis in hanc domum praeclara edita indicia. Sed ilia nota, dicta
pervolgata sunt omnia. Id vero quod ego UK palmariam depute
Insitivarum dico variolarum artificium ejus potissimum experi-
mentis et auctoritate confirmatum, iniquissimus essem si prseterirem.
Quod sane cum tarn felici exitu fortunaverit Deus ; cum, ejus ope
frequentissma mortis janua obstrui fere et obsignari videatur, num
dubitabimus adhuc mortales an hoc tantum boni quod divinitus
oblatum est et datum ad conservandos homines et amplificandam
Dei gloriam certatim conf eramus ? Crediderim equidem nullam fore
in terris regionem artium modo et humanitatis commercio aliquo
expolitam apud quam illius artificii usus non sit invaliturus." Ora-
tio ex Harvsei instituto habita 1761 auctore Greo. Baker p. 24.
1719] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 67
Latin, were in opposition to the views of Dr. Keil of
Northampton. His conduct towards that eminent man
was most polite and handsome ; and it has been well
observed that he preserved throughout the sermonum
honos et vivax gratia, so desirable in all literary con-
tests. Dr. Jurin also wrote, " On the Causes of Dis-
tinct and Indistinct Vision ; " " On the Momentum of
Running Waters ; " and " On Moving Bodies," which
respectively led him into controversy with Robins,
Michelotti, and some of the followers of Leibnitz. In
" The works of the Learned " for 1737, 1739, he car-
ried on a controversy with Dr. Pemberton, in defence
of Newton, signing himself there " Philalethes Canta-
brigiensis." By Voltaire in the Journal de Scavans he
was styled " the famous Jurin." His efforts in behalf
of inoculation were indefatigable, and in the highest
degree judicious* The perusal of his carefully- written
and cautiously-reasoned papers on this subject could
scarcely fail to carry conviction of the efficacy, safety,
and propriety of the practice to all not blinded by pre-
judice or obstinately set on not being convinced. His
only separate publication was on this subject, and is
entitled,
A Letter containing a comparison between the Mortality of the
Natural Small Pox and that given by Inoculation. 8vo. Lond.
1723.
And in 1752, there appeared,
An Abstract of the Case of James Jurin, M.D., written by him-
self, as relates to his Lixivium for the Stone and Gravel.. 8vo.
Lond.
JOHN MISATJBIN, M.D. A doctor of medicine of 7th
July, 1687, of the university " of Cahos, in France,"
was admitted a Licentiate of the College 25th June,
1719. He died 20th April, 1734.
CHARLES JERNEGHAM, M.D. His name is so spelt
in the Annals. He was the third son of Sir Francis
Jerningham, bart., of Costesey, who died 20th August,
F 2
68 ROLL OF THE [1719
1730, by his wife Anne, daughter of Sir George Blount,
bart., of Worcestershire. He was a doctor of medicine
of Montpelier, of 24th May, 1708, and was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1719.
He married Elizabeth, daughter of Philip Roper, lord
Teynham > who died 14th November, 1736. He married
secondly Frances, daughter of Rowland Belasyse,
brother of lord viscount Fauconberg. The doctor died
in 1760, aged seventy-two, and was buried at Cossey.*
GILBERT HEATHCOT, M.D. -A native of Derbyshire,
who studied at Leyden, was entered on the physic line
there 22nd February, 1686, being then twenty -two
years of age. He was a doctor of medicine of Padua,
of 13th June, 1688, and was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 29th June, 1719. This is
probably the " Dr. Heathcoat an eminent quaker and
physician," who was killed by the overturning of his
coach between Hampstead and London 14th August,
1719.t
PETER HARDISWAY. A Londoner, formerly a stu-
dent of Trinity hall, Cambridge ; was admitted an
Extra- Licentiate 3rd August, 1719.
CHARLES BALE, M.D., was born in London, and edu
cated at Jesus college, Cambridge. He proceeded M.B'
in 1716, and was created M.D. 6th October, 1717, on
the occasion of king George I paying a visit to the uni-
versity. He was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society
in 1719. Dr. Bale was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 30th September, 1718, and a Fel-
low 30th September, 1719. He was Censor in 1723,
and delivered the Harveian oration for 1729. He was
elected physician to the Charterhouse 13th July, 1725,
and died at his house in Charterhouse-square 17th Sep-
tember, 1730.
* Suckling's Suffolk, vol. ii, p. 46.
t Histor. Regist. 1719 Chron. Diary 35.
1720] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 69
VERNON MEAD, of Winchester, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 26th De-
cember, 1719.
GEORGE LEWIS TESSIER, M.D. A foreigner, and a
doctor of medicine of Leyden, of 3rd November, 1710
(D.M.I, de Substantia Corticosa ac Medullosa Cerebri,
4to.), who had obtained an act of naturalization ; and on
the 5th March, 1715-6, had been appointed physician
to the household of king George I ; was admitted a
Fellow of the College 17th April, 1720. He was ad-
mitted a fellow of the Royal Society 10th November,
1725. He was subsequently appointed physician in
ordinary to king George II, and died 22nd May, 1742.
Dr. Tessier was chosen physician to the Westminster
hospital in 1728, but withdrew from that institution in
1733 ; and was one of the six physicians appointed to
St. George's hospital at the first general board, held 19th
October, 1733. He also held the appointment of phy-
sician to Chelsea hospital.
GEORGE BAILEY, M.D., was born at Havant about
the year 1693, of parents distinguished for their virtuous
and religious character. Their situation in life enabled
them to bestow on their two sons, Edward and George,
a very liberal education at home and abroad. After a
course of study at Leyden under Boerhaave, they both
graduated atRheims, and, returning to their native town,
practised their profession in partnership ; but that place
not affording sufficient occupation for the two, a sepa-
ration became necessary. Edward Bailey continued at
Havant, where he passed the remainder of his life.
But George Bailey, a doctor of medicine of Rheims, of
21st October, 1716, who was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 18th July, 1720,
settled at Chich ester. In that city and in a wide cir-
cuit of country round it, he practised physic for nearly
half a century with great reputation and success. He
died 1st December, 1771, leaving behind him "a name
70 BOLL OF THE [1720
dear to his friends, to numerous objects of his skill and
bounty, and to all who knew him, and at the same time
possessed a proper sense of the value of great learning,
genuine piety, inflexible integrity, and diffusive bene-
volence."*
PEIRCE DOD, M.D., was born in Middlesex, and edu-
cated at Oxford. He was entered at Brasenose college,
and as a member of that house proceeded A.B. 14th
October, 1701 ; soon after which, removing to All Souls,
he proceeded A.M. 6th June, 1705 ; M.B. 22nd March,
1710 ; and M.D. 29th October, 1714. He was admitted
a fellow of the Eoyal Society 19th March, 1729-30.
Dr. Dod was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1719 ; a Fellow 30th Sep-
tember, 1720; and was Censor in 1724, 1732, 1736,
1739. He delivered the Gulstonian lectures in 1720,
and the Harveian oration in 1729. Dr. Dod was elected
physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital 22nd July, 1725,
and retained that office to his death, which occurred
18th August, 1754. His remains were interred in the
burial-ground of St. George the Martyr, Queen's-square,
where an altar-tomb was erected to his memory, and to
that of his three children.
Dr. Dod was one of the most determined opponents
of inoculation to be found among the members of the
medical profession. In 1746 he published a small work
entitled " Several cases in Physic, Small-pox, and
Fever," the main object of which was to throw discredit
on the new practice. It was at once answered in a
satirical pamphlet, under the title of "A Letter to the
real and genuine Peirce Dod, M.D., actual physician to
St. Bartholomew's hospital, &c., with a full answer to
the mistaken case of a natural small-pox, after taking
it by infection. By Dod Peirce." The authors of this
letter, which is said to have done considerable damage
to Dr. Dod's professional character and business, were
* A Tribute to the Memory of Dr. John Bailey.
1720] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 71
Dr. Kirkpatrick, author of " The Analysis of Inocula-
tion," Dr. Barrowby, and one of the Schombergs.
WILLIAM STUK.ELEY, M.D. This learned and inde-
fatigable antiquary was born 7th November, 1687, at
Holbech, in Lincolnshire. After a good preliminary edu-
cation at the free school of his native town, he was admit-
ted at Corpus Christi college, Cambridge, 7th November,
1703, and chosen a scholar of that house in the April fol-
lowing. He proceeded M.B. in 1709. He commenced
practice at Boston, in his native county, but in 1717 re-
moved to London, and having graduated M. D. in 1719,
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1719, and a Fellow 30th September,
1720. He delivered the Gulstonian Lectures in 1722.
These were published the following year, in folio, under
the title, " Of the Spleen : its Description and History,
Uses and Diseases, with Observations on the Dissec-
tion of an Elephant ;" against which Haller writes,*
"Valde paradoxus homo." He was Censor in 1725.
Dr. Stukeley, soon after his arrival in London, was
elected a fellow of the Royal Society, and ere long was
placed upon the council. He was one of the committee
appointed to examine into the condition of the astrono-
mical instruments at the Royal Observatory, Green-
wich. He was also a fellow, and for some years secre-
tary, of the Society of Antiquaries, and had been one of
the most active of that illustrious band who revived
the society in 1717 and 1718.
In 1726 Dr. Stukeley removed to Grantham, in Lin-
colnshire, where he practised for some years with the
highest reputation. The dukes of Ancaster and Rut-
land, the families of Tyrconnel, Cust, &c., &c., and most
of the principal families in the county, were glad to
avail themselves of his advice. During his residence
there he declined an invitation from the earl of Hert-
ford to settle at Marlborough, and another to succeed
* Boerhaave's Methodus Studii Medici, vol. i, p. 364.
72 ROLL OF THE [1720
Dr. Hunton at Newark. In 1728 he married Frances,
daughter of Mr. Robert Williamson, of Allington, near
Grantham, a lady of good family and fortune.
Dr. Stukeley had long ere this been a severe sufferer
from gout, which generally confined him during the
winter months. For the recovery of his health, he was
in the habit of travelling during the spring, and in these
excursions he indulged his innate love of antiquities by
tracing the footsteps of Caesar's expedition in this
island, his camps, stations, &c. The fruit of his more
distant travels was his " Itinerarium Curiosum ; or, an
Account of the Antiquities and Curiosities in Travels
through Great Britain," folio. Overpowered at length
with the fatigue of his profession and repeated attacks
of gout, he turned his thoughts to the Church ; and,
being encouraged in that pursuit by archbishop Wake,
was ordained at Croydon 20th July, 1729. In the
October following he was presented by lord chancellor
King to the living of All Saints, Stamford. At the
time of entering on his parochial cure (1730), Dr.
Rogers of that town had just invented his oleum arth-
riticum, which Dr. Stukeley, seeing others use with
advantage, was induced to try, and, as the result
proved, with equal success ; for it not only saved his
joints, but with the addition of a proper regimen, and
leaving off fermented liquors, he recovered his health
and the use of his limbs, and thenceforward enjoyed a
firm and active state of health to a good old age. This
induced him to publish an account of the success of the
external application of this oil in a letter to Sir Hans
Sloane in 1733 ; and the year after he published also
"A Treatise on the Cause and Cure of the Gout, with
a new Rationale," which passed through several editions.
His subsequent literary efforts were chiefly antiquarian,
and are too numerous to be here specified. In ]737
Dr. Stukeley lost his wife, and in the following year
married Elizabeth, the only daughter of Dr. Gale, dean
of York. From this time he often spent his winters in
London. In 1747 the duke of Montague prevailed on
1720] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 73
him to vacate his preferment in the country by giving
him the rectory of St. George's, Queen-square.
Dr. Stukeley's interest in his original profession and
in the College of Physicians continued to the last. He
not unfrequently attended the Comitia and took part
in the business of the College, as appears from the fol-
lowing notes in his own copy of the Pharmacopoeia of
1746.*
" After I was in orders, I assisted (September 30th,
1729) at the Michaelmas Comitia of the College, at
choice of President, Censors, and other officers.
"Oct. 18. I was present at the Oratio and Con-
vivium Harveianum. The duke of Montague there.
" 25 June, 1739. I assisted and dined at the Col-
lege of Physicians at the Quarterly Comitia.
"22 Dec., 1742. Assisted at the Comitia, was chap-
lain at dinner.
"15 Sep., 1750. Received a summons to attend the
Croonian Lecture and Sermon, which I preached."
The sermon here mentioned, " The Healing of Dis-
eases as a character of the Messiah, preached before
the College of Physicians 20th September, 1750," was
published by the doctor, and came to a second edition.
On Wednesday, 27th February, 1765, Dr. Stukeley
was seized with palsy, brought on, it was said, by at-
tending a full vestry, on a contested election for a lec-
turer. He died 3rd March, 1765, in his seventy-eighth
year, and was buried on the 9th in the churchyard of
East Ham, Essex, at a spot he had fixed upon during a
visit he had paid some time before to the vicar of that
parish. In compliance with his own special request,
no monument was placed over his grave, but it is stated
that he was buried in the north of the churchyard.
His character was thus drawn by Haller : " Medicus et
antiquitatum cultor, vir pius, non satis cautus."t
Dr. Stukeley's attainments as an antiquary were of
a high order. His proficiency in Druidical history was
* Gent. Mag., vol. Iviii, p. 120.
f Biblioth. Anatom., vol. ii, p. 124.
74 KOLL OF THE [1720
so great that his familiar friends used to call him " the
Archdruid of this age ;" and over the door of a house
he possessed at Kentish Town, to which he frequently
retired, was the following inscription :
Me dulcis satttret quies,
Obscuro positus loco,
Leni perfruar otio,
Chyndonax Druida.
Dr. Stukeley's portrait by Kneller was engraved by
J. Smith. In addition to the works mentioned above,
Dr. Stukeley was the author of
Stonehenge : a Temple restor'd to the British Druids. Folio,
Lond. 1740.
Abury: a Temple of the British Druids, with some others de-
scribed. Folio, Lond. 1743.
GEORGE WHARTON, M.D., was the son of Thomas
Wharton, M.D., of Old Park, co. Durham, by his first
wife, Mary, a daughter of John Hall, alderman of Dur-
ham, and was born on the family estate, 25th Decem-
ber, 1688. He was educated at Pembroke college,
Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded M.B.
1712 ; M.D. 7th July, 1719. Admitted a Candidate
of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1719;
and a Fellow 30th September, 1720 ; he was Censor in
1725, 1729, 1732, 1737 ; and Treasurer from 1727 to
his death, which occurred at his house in Fenchurch-
street from "mortification of the bowels," 21st March,
1739. He had married Anna Maria, daughter of
William Petty, esq., and having died sine prole, the
estate of Old Park came to his younger brother Robert,
an alderman and once mayor of Durham. To Dr. George
Wharton the College are indebted for the portrait of
his grandfather, Thomas Wharton, M.D., by Van Dyck,
which hangs in the Censors' room.
WILLIAM RUTTY, M.D., was born in London, and
educated at Christ college, Cambridge. He proceeded
KB. in 1712; M.D. 17th July, 1719; was admitted
1720] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 75
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1719 ; and a Fellow 30th September, 1720. He
delivered the Gulstonian Lectures in 1722, and was
Censor in 1726. Dr. Rutty was elected secretary of
the Royal Society 30th November, 1727, and died 10th
June, 1730. He was the author of
A Treatise on the Urinary Passages, containing their Description,
Powers, and Uses. 4to. Lond. 1726.
SIB RICHAKD MANNINGHAM was born in Hampshire,
and was the second son of Thomas Manningham, D.D.,
bishop of Chichester. He took the degree of LL.B. at
Cambridge (comitiis Regiis), 1717 ; and in the following
year built Park chapel, Cheltenham. Whether he was
ever in holy orders is uncertain ; we know, however,
that shortly after this he devoted himself to physic.
On the 24th March, 1719-20, he was admitted a fellow
of the Royal Society, and on the 30th September,
1720, a Licentiate of the College of Physicians. He
practised chiefly as an accoucheur, and attained to
great eminence in that department of the profession.
He was knighted by king George I., 18th February,
1721 ; and dying, after a very prosperous career, on the
llth May, 1759, was buried at Chelsea. Sir Richard
Manningham gained much credit by detecting and ex-
posing the imposture of Mary Toft, the rabbit-breeder
of Godalming, in Surrey, who had succeeded in deceiv-
ing not only her own medical attendant, Mr. Howard,
but also Mr. Ahlers and Mr. St. Andre, the former
domestic} and the latter serjeant-surgeon to George I.,
who had sent them to Godalming to inquire into the
circumstances. To queen Caroline, then princess of
Wales, is ascribed the merit of having been active in
promoting measures to detect the imposition. The
miraculous Mary Toft was therefore brought to town,
where she could be more closely watched than at Go-
dalming, and prevented from obtaining the means of
carrying on her imposture. Sir Richard Manningham
was among those who took a part on this occasion ; and
76 ROLL OF THE [1720
he had at length the satisfaction of detecting her. The
woman held out, till her courage was shaken by a threat
to perform a dangerous operation upon her, which
threat was backed by another from a magistrate, that
she should be sent to prison. She then confessed the
fraud, and the farce terminated by the Godalming
miracle-monger being committed to Tothill Fields
prison.* Sir Richard published in 1726 his
Exact Diary of what was observed during a close attendance
upon Mary Toft, the pretended Rabbit Breeder, from November
28th to December 7th following ; together with an Account of the
Confession of the Fraud.
He was the author also of
Artis Obstetricae Compendium, tarn theoriam quam praxin spec-
tans. 4to. Lond. 1739.
This was afterwards newly arranged and republished,
in 1756, under the title " Aphorismata Medica," 12mo.
An Abstract of Midwifery, for the use of the Lying-in Infirmary.
8vo. Lond. 1744.
The Plague no Contagions Disorder, published anonymously in
1744; but reprinted in 1758, with alterations and his name, under
the title of " A Discourse concerning the Plague and Pestilential
Fevers : plainly proving that the general productive causes of all
Plagues or Pestilence are from some fault in the Air, or from ill
and unwholesome Diet."
A Treatise on the Symptoms, Nature, Causes, and Cure of the
Febricula, or Little Fever. 8vo. Lond. 1750.
JOHN ARNOLD, M.D. A native of Devonshire, and
a doctor of medicine of Padua, of 17th January, 1715 ;
was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College 13th
December, 1720. He practised at Exeter.
HENRY BLAKEY, of Lancashire was admitted an Ex-
tra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th Janu-
ary, 1720-1.
SAMUEL TEAKE was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
* Sketches of Imposture, Deception, and Credulity. 2nd ed.
Lond. 1840. p. 142.
1721] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 77
the College of Physicians 21st February, 1720-1. He
practised in Sussex.
EDWARD STROTHER, M.D. A Northumbrian, and a
doctor of medicine of Utrecht of 8th May, 1720 (D.M.I,
de Yi Cordis Mo trice 4to. Traj. ad Rhenam, 1720) ; was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 3rd
April, 1721. He died 13th April, 1737, and was the
author of
An Essay on Fevers. 8vo. Lond. 1716.
Euodia; or a Discourse of Causes and Cures. 8vo. Lond. 1718.
Pharmacopoeia Practica, sive Praescriptorum Syndrome. 12mo.
Lond. 1719.
Experienced Measures how to manage the Small Pox, with the
proper method in the Plague. 8vo. Lond. 1721.
Upon the Engraftment of the Small Pox. 8vo. Lond. 1722.
An Essay on Sickness and Health. 8vo. Lond. 1725.
Materia Medica; or, a New Description of the Virtues and
Effects of Drugs and Simple Medicines now in use. Translated
from the Latin of P. Harman. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1727.
Practical Observations on the Epidemical Fever : added is a re-
markable History of a Spotted Fever. 8vo. Lond. 1729.
Praslectiones Pharmacomathicae et Medico-practicae ; or, Lectures
on the Rationale of Medicines. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1732.
JOHN PURCELL, M.D. A native of Shropshire, and
a doctor of medicine of Montpelier, of 29th May, 1699 ;
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
3rd April, 1721. He died 19th December, 1730, and
was the author of
A Treatise -of Vapours or Hysterick Fits. 8vo. Lond. 1707.
A Treatise of the Cholick. 8vo. Lond. 1714
GEORGE LOCK was the son of Mr. William Lock,
bailiff of the duke of Somerset, the then owner of
Alnwick Castle. He was born at Alnwick, and bap-
tised there 19th September, 1693. He was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 15th
May, 1721, and practised in his native town.
JAMES DOUGLAS, M.D. This excellent anatomist was
born in Scotland in 1675 ; but of his general or profes-
7S ROLL OF THE [1721
sional education little is known. He settled in London
in the early part of the 18th century, and speedily at-
tained to high reputation as an anatomist and obste-
trician. He obtained his degree of doctor of medicine
at the university of Rheims ; and was admitted an Hono-
rary Fellow of the College of Physicians 26th June, 1721.
He had been admitted a fellow of the Eoyal Society,
4th December, 1706, and contributed many important
papers to the " Philosophical Transactions." Cheselden,
in the preface to his " Anatomy of the Human Body,"
acknowledges his obligations to our physician ; and
HaUer, who visited him in London, speaks in praise of
his works and anatomical preparations. Dr. Douglas
was one of the first to demonstrate, from the anatomy
of the parts, that the high operation for stone might be
safely performed. He died at his house in Red Lion-
square in April, 1742, and was buried at St. Andrew's,
Holborn, on the 9th. "Vir eruditus et solers," writes
Haller,* " diligentissimus incisor, cujus benignum ani-
mum juvenis expertus, senex laudo." In addition to
his reputation as an anatomist, and his practical skill as
an accoucheur, he had the character of an accomplished
botanist, and of a man of great literary information.
Pope mentions him in the Dunciad thus :
" To prove me, Goddess ! clear of all design,
Sid me with Pollio sup, as well as dine :
There all the learn'd shall at the labour stand
And Douglas lend his soft obstetric hand."
In his note to this passage, Pope describes Dr. Douglas
as a physician of great learning and no less taste ; above
all, curious in what related to Horace, of whom he col-
lected every edition, translation, and comment, to the
number of several hundred volumes. Dr. Douglas
was, perhaps, unduly sensitive, and was certainly, in
some instances, a peevish and captious critic. The fol-
lowing is (I believe) a complete list of his published
works :
* Bibliotheca Anatomica, vol. ii, p. 31.
1721] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 79
Myographise Comparatse Specimen ; or a Comparative Descrip-
tion of all the Muscles in a Man and in a Quadruped ; added is an
Account of the Muscles peculiar to a Woman. 8vo. Lond. 1707.
This work, " egregius labor, etsi juventutis opus/' says
Haller, was translated into Latin by J. F. Schrieber,
and published at Leyden in 1729. A second edition of
the original appeared at Edinburgh in 1750, and a third
in 1763.
Bibliographise Anatomicae Specimen, sive Catalogus omnium pene
Auctorum qni ab Hippocrate ad Harveium, rem Anatomicam ex
professo vel obiter scriptis iJlustrarunt, Opera singulorum etlnventa
juxta temporum seriem complectens. 8vo. Lond. 1715.
The History of the Lateral Operation for the Stone. 4to. Lond.
1726. Reprinted in 1731, with an Appendix, containing Mr. Chesel-
den's present method.
An Advertisement occasioned by some passages in Sir R. Man-
ningham's Diary, lately published. 8vo. Lond. 1726.
A Description of the Peritoneum, and of the Membrana Cellularis,
which is on its outside. 4to. Lond. 1730.
Lilium Sarniense ; or a Description of the Guernsey Lily ; to
which is added the Botanical Dissection of the Coffee Berry. Folio.
Lond. 1725.
EGBERT TAYLOR, A.M. A master of arts of Glas-
gow, practising at Boroughbridge, in Yorkshire ; was
admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 26th June, 1721.
THOMAS LOVELL, of Plymouth, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College 25th September, 1721.
THOMAS DOVER, M.B. This extraordinary character
was a native of Warwickshire, and a bachelor of medi-
cine of Cambridge of 1687."* He was an acquaintance
and friend, probably a pupil, of the great Sydenham, in
whose house he resided. After taking his degree he
settled at Bristol, and, having made money there, joined
with some merchants of that city in fitting out two
* So I was informed by the late Mr. C. H. Cooper, the learned
author of the Athense Cantabrigienses. The degree is not given in
the Graduati Cantabrig.
80 ROLL OF THE
privateers for the South Seas, in one of which, the
"Duke," he himself sailed from Bristol 2nd August, 1708.
On the passage out they touched at the island of Juan
Fernandez, where Dover, on the 2nd February, 1708-9,
found Alexander Selkirk, who had been alone on the
island for four years and four months, and whom Dover
brought away in the " Duke." In the April following
Dover took Guiaquil, a city or town of Peru, by storm.
In December, 1709, the two privateers took a large
and valuable prize a ship of 20 guns and 190 men
into which Dover removed from the " Duke," taking
Alexander Selkirk with him as master, and finally reach-
ing England in October, 1711.* On Dover's return to
England he resumed practice at Bristol, and from the
number of patients he says he visited each day during an
epidemic fever, must have obtained the confidence of
the inhabitants of that city. Sometime about 1721 he
settled in London ; and on the 30th September of that
year was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians. He resided in Cecil-street, Strand, where he
continued for some years, but in the latter part of 1728
he returned to Gloucestershire (to what part is not
stated in his work), and there remained for four or five
years, when he finally settled in London, and fixed his
abode in Lombard-street, but attended regularly at the
Jerusalem coffee-house, to which he had his letters ad-
dressed, and where he would seem to have received most
of his patients. In 1 7 3 6 he moved westward, to Arundel-
street, Strand, where he probably died in the latter part
of 1741, or beginning of 1742, as his name disappears
from the College list of the last-named year. His
" Ancient Physician's Legacy to his Country" is well
known. It was a work very popular out of the pro-
fession, and in the course of a few years ran through a
large number of editions. To Dr. Dover we are indebted
* A Cruising Voyage round the World. First to the South Sea,
thence to the East Indies, and homewards by the Cape of Good
Hope; begun in 1708 and finished in 1711. By Captain Woodes
Rogers. 2nd Edition. 8vo. Lond. 1718.
1721] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 81
for the valuable powder of opium and ipecacuanha, <^
which is still known by his name.
EDWARD BROWNE, M.D. A native of Limerick, and
a doctor of medicine of the university of Caen in Nor-
mandy, of 1st April, 1712 ; was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 10th November, 1721. He
died in 1750.
MEYER Low SCHOMBERG, M.D. " A Jew of Fetz-
burg, a German," as he is described in the Annals, and
a doctor of medicine of Geisseii, of 21st December,
1710 ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 19th March, 1721-2. At that time he was in
very reduced circumstances ; his pecuniary resources
were insufficient to meet the fees due on his admission,
and the College considerately accepted his bond* for
payment at a subsequent period. Cultivating an in-
timacy with the Jews of Duke's-place, he, by their
means, got introduced to the acquaintance of some of
the leading men, merchants, and others of their religion,
who employed him, and by their interest recommended
him to a good practice. He had been librarian to some
person of distinction abroad, was a fluent talker, and a
man of insinuating address ; and as he understood man-
kind well, he soon found out a method of acquiring
popularity, which had never been practised by any of
his profession. He took a large house and kept a public
table, to which, on a certain day in the week, all the
young surgeons were invited and treated with an indis-
criminate civility, that had very much the appearance
of friendship, but in reality meant nothing more than
that they should recommend him to practice. The
scheme succeeded : in the year 1 740 Schomberg, it is
said, had distanced all the city physicians, and was in
the receipt of a professional income of four thousand
* His bond to the College, now before me, is signed Meyer Scham-
berg ; and so his name is always spelt by Sir William Browne in
his publications concerning him.
VOL. II. G
82 ROLL OF THE [1722
guineas a year. Dr. Schomberg died 4th March, 1761,
leaving two sons, who were bred physicians : Isaac,
memorable for his contest with the College of Physi-
cians, to be afterwards mentioned ; and Ralph, who
practised successively at Yarmouth and Bath. Dr. Ralph
Schomberg was a voluminous writer, the author of
" Aphorismi Practici," and of the " Abridgment of Van
Swieten's Commentaries on Boerhaave." His character
was damaged by some disgraceful literary thefts, and
by some money transactions of no reputable character.
Eventually he relinquished the practice of his profes-
sion, and retired first to Pangbourne, and afterwards to
Reading, where he died 29th June, 1792.
ISAAC DE SEQUEYRA SAMUDA, M.B. A Portuguese,
and a bachelor of medicine of the university of Coim-
bra, of 21st May, 1702 ; was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 19th March, 1721-2. He
was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society, 24th Octo-
ber, 1724. His name disappeared from the College list
in 1731.
EDWARD KYN ASTON was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 7th September, 1722.
He practised in Shropshire.
DANIEL WYNTER was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the College 24th November, 1722. He practised in
Brecknockshire.
MUSSHEY TEALE, M.B., was a native of Middlesex.
Admitted a pensioner of Queen's college, Cambridge,
llth October, 1715 ; he, in October, 1719, proceeded to
Leyden, and entered himself on the physic line there.
Returning to England, he graduated bachelor of medicine
at Cambridge in 1722. He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1722. Dr.
Teale practised during the greater portion of his life in
the country, latterly at Maidstone, and died the 6th
1723] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 83
June, 1760. He had married Mary, daughter of George
Poole, esq., of Charing, co. Kent, in the church of which
parish they were both buried. The memorial of them is
as follows :
Jfear this place lyeth
Mary, the wife of Musshey Teale, Doctor of Physic,
youngest daughter of George Poole, esq., of this place,
a person truly eminent for her great piety,
good understanding, and charitable disposition.
She died lamented October 30th, 1752.
Here lies likewise her husband,
Dr. Musshey Teale, of Maidstone,
who died the 6th of June, 1760.
Great names which in our rolls recorded stand,
Lend honors and protect the learned band ;
But here the grateful Muse, to merit due,
Has but one generous thought in view,
By the deceased's unblemished worth to prove,
As social virtue all the world approve ;
While truth and honour both conjoin their seal,
And center' d sense and virtue in the breast of Teale.
THOMAS BAINBRIGG, M.D. A native of Cambridge-
shire and a doctor of medicine of Cambridge (Comitiis
Regiis) 1717 ; was admitted a Candidate of the College
of Physicians 19th March, 1721-2, and a Fellow 8th
April, 1723. He was Censor in 1728, and died 26th
December, 1729, aged forty- two.
CHRISTOPHER PACKE, M.D., was born at St. Alban's
in 1682, and educated at Merchant Taylors' school.
He was created doctor of medicine at Cambridge
(Comitiis E-egiis) 1717. He was admitted a Candidate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1723 ; and,
settling at Canterbury, practised there with much
reputation for more than a quarter of a century. Dr.
Packe died 15th November, 1749, and was buried in
the church of St. Mary Magdalene, Canterbury, in the
south aisle of which is a floor stone engraved with his
name and the date of his death. His son, of both his
names, was also a physician, and practised at Canter-
bury. He was of Peterhouse, Cambridge, M.B. 1751,
G 2
84 ROLL OF THE [1723
and dying 21st October, 1800, aged seventy-two, was
buried in the same vault as his father, and is com-
memorated on the same slab. Dr. Packe the elder was
the author of
A Reply to Dr. Gray's Three Answers to Mr. Worger's Case.
4to. Canterbury, 1727.
MESSENUER MONSEY, A.B., was born in 1693, and
was the son of the Rev. Robert Monsey, one of the
non-juring clergy, by his wife Mary, a daughter of the
Rev. Roger Clopton, rector of Downham. After an
excellent education at home, he was sent to Pembroke
college, Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded
bachelor of arts in 1714, and then removed to Norwich,
where for some time he studied physic under Sir Ben-
jamin Wrench, M.D. He was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1723. He settled at Bury St. Edmund's, and whilst
there was called to the assistance of lord Godolphin,
the son of queen Anne's lord treasurer, and grandson of
the great duke of Maryborough, who had been seized
on his way to Newmarket with an attack of apoplexy.
The nearest medical aid was at Bury, and Mousey was
summoned. He was successful in the treatment of his
lordship, who was so fascinated with the conversational
powers of his Suffolk doctor, that he invited him to
London ; and eventually inducing him to relinquish his
country practice, and accompany him to town, obtained
for him, on the death of Dr. Smart, the appointment of
physician to Chelsea hospital. Lord Godolphin intro-
duced Monsey to many persons of great eminence and
rank, among others to sir Robert Walpole, who assidu-
ously cultivated his acquaintance ; and the earl of Ches-
terfield, who acknowledged with gratitude the benefit
he derived from Monsey's medical assistance. Dr. Mon-
sey continued in his office at Chelsea for half a century,
and died at his apartments in the hospital in 1788,
aged ninety-six.
Of this eccentric man Mr. Wadd writes thus : " A
.1723] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 85
medical oddity, with a considerable share of mental
acuteness and literary endowments. He began business
at Bury, where he experienced the common fate of
country practice constant fatigue, long journeys, and
short fees ; and in a rusty wig, dirty boots, and leather
breeches, might have degenerated into a hum-drum pro-
vincial doctor, his merits not diffused beyond a county
chronicle, and his medical errors concealed in the country
churchyard but for an accidental attendance on the
earl of Godolphin, in which nature, or Monsey, was suc-
cessful ; and the grateful earl procured for him the ap-
pointment at Chelsea, and ultimately left him a hand-
some legacy. From the narrow, unvaried rural circle
he was suddenly transplanted into a land of promise
and politeness, with the earls of Chesterfield and Bath,
sir Robert Walpole, and Garrick, as his companions and
friends. Even in such society Monsey maintained his
original plainness of manners, and with an unreserved
sincerity sometimes spoke truth in a manner that gave
offence ; and as old age approached, he acquired an
asperity of behaviour and a neglect of decorum that
subjected him to the odium of being considered as a
cynic and misanthropist. As a physician he adhered to
the tenets of theBoerhaavian school, and despised modern
improvements in theory and practice, uniformly pre-
scribing contrayerva and ptisan, and adhering to rules
and systems merely because they were sanctioned by
sixty years' experience. In his politics he was a Whig,
in his religion a latitudinarian. But unfortunately,
when he shook off the manacles of superstition, he fell
into the comfortless bigotry of scepticism, which, like
religious bigotry, narrows the intellect and hardens the
heart. He left his body for dissection ; and a few days
before he .died wrote to Mr. Cruikshanks, the anatomist,
begging to know whether it would suit his convenience
to do it, as he felt he could not live many hours, and
Mr. Forster, his surgeon, was then out of town. He
died as he predicted, and his wishes with respect to his
body were strictly attended to." A very fine portrait
86 BOLL OF THE [1724
of Monsey has been presented to the College within a
few weeks, by Mr. Frederick Walford, of Bolton-street,
Piccadilly. Monsey's portrait when over ninety years of
age, was engraved by Bromley, from a sketch by
Forster.
CALEB HTLL was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 4th November, 1723. He
practised at Ludlow.
JAMES ELDERTON was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 3rd Ma.rch, 1723-4. He
practised at Salisbury.
THOMAS LEIGH, of Farnham, Surrey, was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate 17th March, 1723-4.
WILLIAM HUSSEY, of Bourne, in Lincolnshire, was
admitted an Extra- Licentiate of the College 20th April,
1724.
JOHN BADCLIFFE, M.D., was born in Middlesex, and
educated at St. John's college, Oxford, as a member of
which house he proceeded A.B. 2nd June, 1711 ; A.M.
23rd April, 1714 ; when, accumulating his degrees in
physic, he proceeded M.D. 30th June, 1721. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1723 ; and a Fellow 25th June, 1724. He died
the 16th August, 1729. Dr. Eadcliffe was one of the
physicians to St. Bartholomew's hospital, and in the
records of that institution, on the occasion of his death,
he is described as " a gentleman of excellent parts and
sound learning, whose only crime was his singular mo-
desty, which hindered him from being an ornament to
his profession."*
JOHN DIODATI, M.D., was born in Middlesex ; and
as a member of Baliol college, Oxford, proceeded A.M.
* British Medical Journal, 23rd October, 1875, p. 527.
1724] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 87
16th June, 1715; M.B. 10th July, 1718; and M.D.
9th July, 1722. He was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 25th June, 1723; and a Fellow
25th June, 1724. Dr. Diodati was admitted a fellow
of the Royal Society 10th December, 1724. He was
Censor in 1726 ; but dying 23rd May, 1727, during his
year of office, was succeeded, on the 26th June, 1727,
by Dr. Bouchier.
RICHARD WRIGHT was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the College 25th September, 1724. He practised at
Sherbourne, co. Dorset.
WILLIAM CHAMBERS, M.D., was born at Hull, and
educated under Boerhaave at Leyden. He was entered
on the physic line there 24th September, 1721, being
then twenty-two years of age, and in due course took
his degree of doctor of medicine. He was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 8th Oc-
tober, 1724 ; and then settled in his native town, Hull,
where, having practised with the most distinguished
reputation and success for more than half a century, be
died on the 8th July, 1785, in the eighty-sixth year of
his age. " He had been brought up in infancy with all
the respectable part of the town of his own age, and had
attended in infancy almost all the juniors ; hence he
was long considered not only as the physician, but the
friend of all the best families in the town. He had out-
lived a variety of competitors, and was now yielding
from the influence of opinion to others, who saw him
failing from age and imbecility of body, though his
mind was as strong as ever. He did not live to see, or
rather did not adopt the nomenclature or nosology of
Dr. Cullen, just then coming into general vogue, and he
could not bear to hear of a Scotch diploma. Dr. Cham-
bers frequently returned one-half of the money which
his patients thought he had deserved, but which he
thought they were imprudent in giving. A gentleman
88 ROLL OF THE [1724
assured me* that he had often been obliged to take
back a part of what he had presented him withal ; and
on some occasions he had found it necessary to give him
a larger sum than usual, in order that he might accept
a portion back again." No wonder that under these
circumstances he died poor.
Dr. Chambers was buried in the church of the Holy
Trinity, Hull, where a monument to his memory bears
the following inscription :
" Within the adjacent vault
are deposited the remains of
WILLIAM CHAMBERS, M.D.,
who, after sixty years' extensive and disinterested practice,
concluded a beneficial life the 8th day of July, 1785,
in the 86th year of his age.
By his wife, Ellen, daughter of Richard Bagshaw,
of the Oakes, in the county of Derby, esquire,
he had eleven children,
nine of whom are interred in the same vault with their parents."
ISAAC GILLING was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
the College 8th October, 1724. He practised at Exeter,
and was the intimate friend of Dr. Musgrave, of that
city, the well-known antiquary, to whom he rendered
important assistance in the preparation of his great
work, the Antiquitates Britanno-BelgicaB.
JAMES CAMPBELL, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
St. Andrew's of 1712 (4 Calend. Februar.) He was
admitted a fellow of the Royal Society 1st December,
1718, and an Honorary Fellow of the College of Physi-
cians 9th November, 1724. On the 2nd May, 1727,
he was elected an honorary member of the College of
Physicians of Edinburgh. He died 21st January,
17323, being then physician in ordinary to the king
for Scotland.
* For these particulars I am indebted to Sir James Alderson,
who has obliged me with this and other extracts from a MS. by
his father, Dr. John Alderson, formerly of Hall, containing a series
of very interesting sketches of his contemporaries.
1724-5] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 89
WILLIAM WASEY, M.D., was born in Norfolk, and
educated at Cams college, Cambridge. As a member
of that house he proceeded A.B. 1712, A.M. 1716, and
then proceeding to Ley den was on the 1st October,
1716, entered on the physic line there. Returning to
England, he graduated M.D. at Cambridge in 1723 ;
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
23rd December, 1723 ; and a Fellow 22nd December,
1724. He was Censor in 1731, 1736, 1739, 1748 ; was
named an Elect 30th August, 1746 ; and was Con-
siliarius in 1749 and 1754. On the death of Dr. Jurin
he was elected President (2 April, 1750) ; and was re-
appointed in 1750, 1751, 1752, and 1753. Dr. Wasey
was chosen physician to the Westminster hospital, at
its establishment in 1719, but resigned his office there
in 1733, having been one of the six physicians appointed
to St. George's hospital at the first general board held
19th October, 1733. He died in April, 1757, aged
sixty-two ; and his library was sold by auction the
same year by Davis, Lockyer, and Reymers.
NOEL BROXOLME, M.D., was born in the county of
Rutland in 1686. He was admitted a King's scholar
at Westminster in 1700 ; and in 1705 was elected to
Christchurch, Oxford, as a member of which he pro-
ceeded A.B. 20th May, 1709 ; A.M. 18th April, 1711.
In 1715 he was elected to one of the first of the Rad-
cliffe travelling fellowships ; and accumulating his de-
grees in physic, proceeded M.D. 8th July, 1723. Dr.
Broxolme then settled in London ; was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 23rd December,
1723 ; and a Fellow 22nd March, 1724-5. He served
the office of Censor in 1726 ; and delivered the Har-
veian Oration in 1731. He was appointed one of the
physicians to St. George's hospital in 1733 ; and in the
following year physician to the prince of Wales, with
salary annexed. Dr. Broxolme died at Hampton
Court by his own hand, 8th July, 1748.'" By his will
* "Alamrmm alterum eumque dulcissimum paulo ante Freindi
90 ROLL OF THE [1724-5
he bequeathed a legacy of 5QOL for the benefit of four
of the King's scholars at Westminster, on their election
to the universities.
RALPH BOUCHIER, M.D., was born in Yorkshire, and
was the fourth son of sir Barrington Bouchier, knt., of
Benningborough, in that county, by his wife Margaret,
daughter of Thomas Hardwicke, esq. He was educated
at Trinity college, Cambridge; proceeded M.B. 1711;
M.D. 1717 ; was admitted a Candidate of the College
of Physicians 30th March, 1724, and a Fellow 22nd
March, 1724-5. He was Censor in 1727, 1737, 1740,
1748 ; and delivered the Harveian Oration in 1732.
Dr. Bouchier, in December, 1736, married Barbara,
daughter of sir Richard Musgrave, of Ashby, co. West-
obitum in Collegium nostrum miserat Oxonium : Medicum dum
vixifc, Medicis carum ; dum medicinam exercuit, eegrotis carissimum.
Broxholmio enim Ingenii benigna vena cum tanta morum suavitate
fuit conjuncta, ut jure dubitari possit utrum ingenio pra3stantior, an
urbanitate fuerit amabilior ? Humanitatis studiis ab ineunte setate
imbutus ; summorum familiaritate virorum quotidie usus ; mori-
busque variarum nationum penitus perspectis, omnium, post homi-
num memoriam, Medicorum pblitissimus evaserat. Ex iis qui Bad-
clivii stipendia meruere primus omnibus posterioribus et stipendio
ipse fuit ornamentum. In Broxholmii quidem inerat consuetudine
tain curiosa felicitas, ut plus gratice apud omnes sua veritas quam
aliorum obsequium inveniret. Etsi vero ab isto servili, Medicoque
prorsus indigno, quo nonnulli gratiam turpissime colligunt, abhor-
ruit obsequio, tamen in ilia honesta atque liberali ejus specie qua9
nunqnam deest ingenio, admirabile est quantum ceeteris excelluerit ?
qua sane eegrotorum animos leniter mulcendo corporibus eorum
facilius medebatur. Sed quemadmodum in corporibus nonnullis
formosissimis insigniores insunt maculse atque neevi, ita Broxholmio
ipsi sua erat infirmitas. Periclitantibus suis amicis (et quot curavit
eegrotos tot quidem habuit amicos) tanto plerumque dolore obrue-
batur, ut qui mederi anxius optabat propter id ipsum medendo non
sufficerit : ita de servando segroto supra modum erat sollicitus, ut
morbum propterea oppugnaret impotentius: ita denique Amici
muneri implendo erat intentus ut nonnunquam officio deesset
Medici. His agitatus mceroribus a morbis refugit curandis ut mor
borum ipse fieret praeda rapacium. miseram mortalitatis con-
ditionem ! quam Broxholmii ipsius nee Ingenium nee Fortuna
reddere potuerint tolerabilem." Oratio Harveiana anno MDCCLV
habita, auct. B. Taylor.
1724-5] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 91
moreland, and had by her a son, Musgrave, born 29th
July, 1742, who died before his father, and Margaret,
born 18th December, 1739, who married Giles Earle.
Having no issue and no cousins, she bequeathed Ben-
ningborough to the rev. William Henry Dawnay,
grandfather of lord viscount Downe. Dr. Bouchier
died in August, 1768.
WILLIAM WOOD, M.D., was born in Lancashire, and
educated at Trinity college, Dublin, where he took the
two degrees in arts. He removed to Oxford, was in-
corporated on his master's degree, 17th October, 1719 ;
and, as a member of Queen s college, proceeded M.B.
19th November, 1719 ; M.D. 5th July, 1721. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
March, 1724, and a Fellow, 22nd March, 1724-5. He
was Censor and Gulstonian lecturer in 1727, and Har-
veian orator in 1733. His name disappears from the
list of 1739. He was the author of
A Mechanical Essay on the Heart. 4to. Lond. 1729.
JOHN GASPAR SCHEUCHZER, M.D., was a native of
Switzerland, the son of John James Scheuchzer, M.D.,
professor of mathematics at Zurich, and was born in
1702. He graduated in philosophy at Zurich in 1722.
CJ L J. / *
and printed his inaugural essay on that occasion, " de
Diluvio," 4to. He was created doctor of medicine at
Cambridge during the visit of king George I. in 1728.
Dr. Scheuchzer was a good antiquary, and an accom-
plished medallist and natural historian. He was the
protege and librarian of sir Hans Sloane, and on the
14th May, 1724, was admitted a fellow of the Royal
Society, and was for some time foreign secretary of that
learned body. He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 22nd March, 1724-5 ; and dying
at the house of sir Hans Sloane, in Chelsea, in April,
1729, was buried in the churchyard there. He was the
author of
92 ROLL OF THE [1725
An Account of the Success of Inoculating the Small Pox, for the
years 1727-1728. 8vo. Lond. 1729.
Dr. Scheuchzer translated Kaempfer's History of
Japan into English ; and he has a good paper in the
Philosophical Transactions on " The Method of Mea-
suring the Heights of Mountains." His portrait, by
J. H. Heidegger, was engraved by T. Lant.
GEORGE HARRIS, of Haverfordwest, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 7th June,
1725.
RICHARD HOLLAND, M.D., was the son of John Hol-
land, " merchant of the Staple," by his wife Jane Fowke,
the only daughter by his second wife of Walter Fowke,
of Brewood and Little Wyrley, co. Stafford, M.D. He
was born in London, and educated at Catherine hall,
Cambridge. He proceeded A.B. 1708, A.M. 1712, and
M.D. 1723 ; was admitted a Candidate of the College
of Physicians 25th June, 1724 ; a Fellow, 25th June,
1725; and was Censor in 1728. Dr. Holland was a
fellow of the Royal Society, and died 29th October,
1730, aged forty-two. He was the author of
Observations on the Small Pox ; or, an Essay to discover a more
effectual Method of Cure. 8vo. Lond. 1728.
JACOB DE CASTRO SARMENTO, M.D. A Portuguese
and a doctor of medicine of the university of Coimbra
of the 21st May, 1717, was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 25th June, 1725. On the
7th September, 1739, he produced a diploma under the
seal of the university of Aberdeen, dated 2nd July, 1739,
that he had been created doctor of medicine in that
university. Dr. Sarmento was a Jew, deeply versed in
Hebrew and Jewish lore, and had come to this country
as rabbi of his Portuguese brethren. The study of medi-
cine and of the natural sciences was formerly a favourite
pursuit of the Jewish rabbis ; and from the time of
Maimonides to recent periods numerous doctors of
1725-6] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 93
Jewish law were also doctors of medicine and practising
physicians. So it was with Dr. Sarmento ; but he ab-
jured the faith of his ancestors, in a " Letter to the
Heads of the Synagogue," printed in 1758; and during
the later years of his life, does not appear to have held
any intercourse with his former co-religionists. He had
been admitted a fellow of the Royal Society 12th Fe-
bruary, 1729-30, and he died 14th September, 1762,
aged seventy. His portrait by Pine, was engraved by
Houston. He was the author of
Appendix ao que se acha escrito na Materia Medica. 8vo. Lond.
1757.
Materia Medica physico-historico-mechanica. 4to. Lond. 1758.
JOHN BIRCH, M.D. A native of Cheshire. On the
17th August, 1714, being then twenty years of age, he
was entered on the medical line at Leyden, and gradu-
ated doctor of medicine there 27th April, 1716. He was
admitted an Honorary Fellow of the College 19th Janu-
ary, 1725-6. He was " a noted man-midwife in Bow-
lane," and died 26th January, 1729-30.
RICHARD MIDDLETON MASSEY, M.D., was born in
Cheshire, and was the eldest son of Edward Massey,
esq , of Rostherne, in that county, by his wife Elizabeth
Bowles. He spent some terms at Brasenose college,
Oxford, but left the university without taking a degree.
He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College
23rd November, 1706, and settled at Wisbeach, in
Cambridgeshire, where he practised for some years with
great success. He was created doctor of medicine by
the university of Aberdeen, 7th March, 1720, when,
leaving Wisbeach, he fixed his abode at Stepney, and
was admitted an Honorary Fellow of the College of
Physicians 19th January, 1725-6. Dr. Massey was
elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1718,
and acted as secretary in 1725 and 1726. He was ad-
mitted a fellow of the Royal Society 19th February,
1712. He compiled and published "A Catalogue of
94 ROLL OF THE [1726
the Library at Wisbeach." 8vo. 1718. He also pre-
pared a catalogue of the library of the College of Phy-
sicians, and on the 30th September, 1727, was for his
trouble in so doing voted Wl. to buy a piece of plate.
Eventually he returned to his native county, and dying
at Rostherne 29th March, 1743, aged sixty-five, was
buried in the chancel of the church there. Over him
is a flagstone inscribed as follows :
Here lieth interred the body of
RICHARD MIDDLETON MASSET,
(son of Edward Massey, of Rostherne, Gent.)
M.D. Honorary Fellow of the College of
Physicians, and Fellow of the Royal Society of London.
Obiit. 29 mo Martii, A.D. 1743.
Dr. Massey's annotated copy of the Pharmacopeia
Londinensis is in the College, and has been of much
assistance to me.
JAMES FIGG, of Guildford, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 20th June, 1726.
JOHN HOLLINGS, M.D., was born in Shropshire, and
educated at Magdalen college, Cambridge, as a member
of which he proceeded M.B. 1705, M.D. 1710. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1725, and a Fellow 25th June, 1726. Dr. Hol-
lings was a fellow of the Royal Society, physician-
general to the army, and physician in ordinary to the
king. He died 10th May, 1739, leaving the character
of an able classical scholar, and a most accomplished
man. His only publication was the Harveian oration
for 1734, entitled " Status Humanae Naturae expositus
in Oratione coram Medicis Londinensibus habita." 4to.
Lond. 1734.
JONATHAN GOULDSMITH, M.D., was the only son of
John Gouldsmith, of Nantwich, co. Chester, gent, (and
of the Middle Temple), by his second wife Elizabeth,
172C] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 95
eldest daughter of Jonathan Cope, esq. He was bap-
tized at Nantwich 8th May, 1694, was matriculated at
Oxford 26th February, 1711-12, and, as a member of
Brasenose college, took the two degrees in arts, A.B.
13th October, 1715, A.M. 13th June, 1718 ; and then,
accumulating those in physic, proceeded M.D. llth
June, 1724. He was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 25th June, 1725, and a Fellow 25th
June, 1726. Dr. Gouldsmith delivered the Gulstonian
lectures in 1728, and was Censor in 1729. He was
admitted a fellow of the Royal Society 29th January,
1 729-30. He died in Norfolk-street, Strand, 1 2th April,
1732, and was buried on the 24th at St. Clement Danes.
His widow, Elizabeth, renounced administration to his
estate, and letters were granted llth May, 1732, to his
sister and next of kin, Judith, wife of Walter Stubbs,
esq., of Beckbury hall, co. Salop. Dr. Gouldsmith's
portrait is at Beckbury hall. It is a half length, and
the doctor has a volume of Hippocrates in his hand.*
GEORGE TURBERVILLE was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College 22nd July, 1726.
i
NICHOLAS BRINLEY, of Totnes, Devon, was admitted
an Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd
July, 1726.
SIR WILLIAM BROWNE, M.D. Abundant materials
exist for a lengthened sketch of this busy and pedantic
physician. His egotism and garrulity were so great as
to rivet the attention of his contemporaries, many of
whom have delighted in recording their reminiscences,
and holding up the worthy old knight to that good-
natured ridicule to which he might lay so fair a claim.
Sir William Browne was born in the county of Dur-
ham in 1692, and was the son of a physician. In 1707
he was entered at Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he
describes himself in 1711 as in his soph's year, and at-
* Colonel Chester's Collections.
96 ROLL OK THE [1726
tentively studying the Articles of the Church of Eng-
land. He proceeded A.B. 1710; A.M. 1714; and
having obtained a licence ad practicandum from the
university, settled about the year 1716 at Lynn, in
Norfolk, under the patronage of the Turner family. It
was about this time that our physician wrote the well-
known epigram on George the First's handsome present
to the university of Cambridge. The circumstances
were as follow. Dr. John Moore, successively bishop of
Norwich and Ely, one of the most learned men of his
time, had collected one of the best and most ample col-
lections of all sorts of good books in England. It com-
prised, according to Noble, 28,965 printed books and
1,790 manuscripts. The bishop died 31st July, 1714;
shortly after which the king purchased his library for
6,000^., and presented it to the university of Cambridge.
By a curious coincidence, a regiment of cavalry was
despatched to Oxford at the very time that the library
was removed to Cambridge. The event was com-
memorated by Dr. Trapp in the following lines :
The king, observing with judicious eyes,
The state of both his universities,
To one he sent a regiment, for why ?
That learned body wanted loyalty :
To th' other he sent books, as well discerning
How much that loyal body wanted learning.
Browne, stung by the reflection on his own Alma
Mater, replied thus :
The king to Oxford sent a troop of horse,
For Tories own no argument but force ;
With equal skill to Cambridge books he sent,
For Whigs admit no force but argument.
He took the degree of doctor of medicine at Cam-
bridge in 1721, and shortly afterwards, according to
his own statement, got incorporated at Oxford. On
the 1st March, 1738-y, he was admitted a fellow of the
Royal Society. He practised at Lynn for more than
thirty years, and acquired by his profession a com-
petent fortune, though even then he evinced no small
1726] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 97
amount of eccentricity. Upon one occasion, a pam-
phlet having been written against him, he nailed it to
his own house-door. In 1748, through the influence of
the duke of Montague, he was knighted by king George
II. A respectable bookseller at Lynn used to relate,
that the first time he had to make out his bill after
the doctor had been dubbed a knight, he wrote, " Sir
William Browne, debtor to Thomas Hollingbury ;" when
he delivered it into the knight's hand, he looked at it a
short time, and then turning to him said, " Mr. Hol-
lingbury, you might have said ' the honourable Sir Wil-
liam Browne/ ' "I beg your pardon, Sir William,"
replied the bookseller, " but upon my word I did not
know it was customary to prefix to the name of a
knight the word honourable." " As to that," rejoined
the knight, "if it be not customary, it would yet have
been pleasing." About the same period he distinguished
himself as a champion of the fair sex at Lynn, but
under what circumstances, and in what manner, are
now unknown. The incident led to the following
epigram, the product, it has always been thought, of
his own pen :
Domino Wilhelmo Browne, militi.
Sit, Miles, terror, castigatorque Grigantis,
Victima cui Virgo nocte dieque cadit.
Herculeo monstris purgata est Lerna labore,
Monstris purgetur Lenna labore tuo.
Be thou, knight, the giant's scourge and dread,
Who night and day preys on the victim maid.
Herculean labour Lerna's monsters slew,
Oh ! may thy labours those of Lynn subdue.
From an early period of his professional career, Sir
William Browne had contemplated an eventual removal
to the metropolis ; and with the view of securing his
due position, whenever that should be feasible, he pre-
sented himself before the College of Physicians for
examination, and was admitted a Candidate 30th Sep-
tember, 1725, and a Fellow 30th September, 1726. In
1749 Sir William removed to London. He was named
\ r OL. II. H
98 ROLL OF THE [l72(
one of the Elects of the College 9th April, 1750, and
delivered the Harveian oration in 1751. He served
the office of Censor in 1750, 1751, 1752, 1753, 1771
was elected Treasurer 3rd December, 1751, in place o1
Dr. Horseman deceased ; was Consiliarius in 1752
1755, 1762 ; and President in 1765 and 1766. This
was a period of great excitement in the College. The
dispute with the Licentiates was then at its height
and Sir William Browne, a man of strong feelings, ex-
traordinary garrulity, and utterly void of discretion
was wholly unfit at such a crisis to occupy the presi-
dential chair. He was an energetic defender of the
exclusive privileges of the English universities ; and
in the contest between the College and Dr. Schomberg
had unfortunately printed a pamphlet as ill-judged as
it must have been offensive to the Licentiates. These
circumstances brought him under the lash of Foote, ir
his " Devil on Two Sticks." Foote gave an inimitable
representation of the Esculapian knight on the stage
with the precise counterpart of his wig and coat and
odd figure, and glass stiffly applied to his eye. Si]
William sent Foote a card, complimenting him upor
having so happily represented him, but, as he had for-
gotten the muff, he sent him his own. Whilst he filleo
the office of President, the Licentiates in a body forced
their way into the College, and even into the room
where the Comitia was being held. Sir William main-
tained his composure, and at once dissolved the Co-
mitia ; but the affair left an abiding impression on him,
and, dreading a defeat or some indignity, he determined
to resign his office, not choosing as he was wont to say.
to stay to be beaten by the Licentiates. As another
opportunity may not occur, I may here state that a
second attempt was made the following year (1767) to
break into the College, but the precaution had been
taken of closing the iron gates which guarded the en-
trance from Warwick-lane. The assembled Licentiates
offered a smith ten guineas and an indemnification of
three hundred pounds to force the gate, but he refused.
1726] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 99
At this time the following lines vindicating Sir Wil-
liam against the abuse and anger of the Licentiates
became public. They were represented as having been
sent to him by an anonymous correspondent, but were
more probably written by himself :
AD PUSCUM, EQUITEM, PR^SIDEM.
HORACE, ODE XXII, BOOK 1.
Integer vitse, scelerisque purus,
Non timet Scoti obloquium neqne iram,
Nee venenatis gravidam sagittis,
FUSCE, pharetram.
Pone te Scotis ubi nulla campis,
Arbor sestiva recreatur aura,
Dulce ridentem comites te habebunt
Dulce loquentem.
TO BROWNE, KNIGHT, PRESIDENT.
He whose just life due honour bears,
Nor Scot's abuse nor anger fears,
Nor his full loaded quiver :
Browne ! let him try his treach'rous arts
To wound thee with his poison' d darts,
Thou shalt retort them ever.
Place thee in Edin's foulest air,
Which neither tree, nor nose can bear,
Nor lungs with pleasure take in ;
Ev'n there, such spirits flow in thee,
Thee sweetly laughing all shall see,
All hear thee sweetly speaking.
On quitting the chair, Sir William Browne delivered
an oration in Latin, in which he delineates his own
character and history, and reviews the prominent events
of his presidency. This valedictory address was forth-
with published in Latin and in English : from the latter
I extract the following :
" The manly age and inclination with conformable
studies I diligently applied to the practice of physic in
the country, where, as that age adviseth, I sought
riches and friendships ; but, afterwards, being satiated
H 2
100 ROLL OF THE [1726
with friends, whom truth, not flattery, had procured ;
satiated with riches which Galen, not fortune, had pre-
sented, I resorted immediately to this College, where,
in further obedience to the same adviser, I might to-
tally addict myself to the service of honour. Conducted
by your favour instead of my own merit, I have been
advanced through various degrees of honour a most
delightful climax indeed even to the very highest of
all which the whole profession of physic hath to confer.
In this chair, therefore, twice received from the Elects
(shewing their favour to himself, he confesses, much
more than to the College), your President
Acknowledges, that he has happy been,
And, now, content with acting this sweet scene,
Chases to make his exit, like a guest,
Retiring pamper'd from a plenteous feast,
in order to attach himself and the remainder of his life
no longer, as before, solely to the College, but by turns
also to the medicinal springs of his own country, al-
though as a physician never unmindful of his duty, yet,
after his own manner, with hilarity rather than gravity,
to enjoy liberty more valuable than silver or gold, as
in his own right, because that of mankind not without
pride, which ever ought to be its inseparable com-
panion,
Now the free foot shall dance its favourite round.
" Behold an instance of human ambition not to be
satiated but by the conquest of three, as it were, me-
dical worlds ; lucre in the country, honour in the Col-
lege ; pleasure at medicinal springs ! I would, if it
were possible, be delightful and useful to all : to myself
even totally and equal ; to old age, though old, diame-
trically opposite ; not a censor and chastiser, but a com
mender and encourager of youth. I would have mine,
such as in the satire
Crispus's hoary entertaining age,
Whose wit and manners mild alike engage.
1726] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 101
" The age of presiding, by the custom of our prede-
cessors, was generally a lustrum, five years ; although
our Sloane, now happy, like another Nestor, lived to see
three ages, both as President and as man. But two
years more than satisfy me ; for that each of the Elects
may in his turn hold the sceptre of prudence, far more
desirable than power, given by Caius, which the law of
justice and equity recommends,
No tenure pleases longer than a year.
" But, in truth, among such endearing friendships
with you, such delightful conversations, such useful
communications with which this amiable situation hath
blessed me, one or two things, as is usual, have hap-
pened not at all to my satisfaction. One, that, while
most studious of peace myself, I hoped to have pre-
served the peace of the College secure and entire ; I too
soon found that it was not otherwise to be sought for
o
than by war ; but, even after our first adversary, be-
cause inconsiderable, was instantly overthrown, and his
head completely cut off by the hand of the law, yet
from the same neck, as if Hydra had been our enemy,
so many other heads broke out, yea, and with inhuman
violence broke into this very senate, like monsters swim-
ming in our medical sea, whom [ beheld with unwilling,
indeed, but with dry or rather fixed eyes, because not
suspecting the least mischief from thence to the College,
and therefore laughing, so far from fearing. The other,
in reality, never enough to be lamented, that while I
flattered myself with having by my whole power of per-
suasion, in the room of Orphaean music, raised the
Croonian medical lecture as it were from the shades into
day, if there could be any faith in solemn promises, that
faith being to my very great wonder violated, this lec-
ture, like another Eurydice, perhaps looked after by me
too hastily, beloved by me too desperately, instantly
slipped back again, and fled indignant to the shades
below."
As soon as he was out of office, Sir William started
102 ROLL OF THE [1726
on his visit to the springs. Whilst at Bath he paid a
visit to bishop Warburton at Prior park. The learned
prelate has drawn the following inimitable portrait of
him in a letter to Dr. Hurd, dated 18th November,
1767: "When you see Dr. Heberden, pray commu-
nicate to him an unexpected honour I have lately re-
ceived. The other day, word was brought me from
below that one Sir William Browne sent up his name,
and would be glad to kiss my hand. I judged it to be
the famous physician, whom 1 had never seen, nor had
the honour to know. When I came down into the
drawing-room, I was accosted by a little well-fed gen-
tleman, with a large muff in one hand, a small "Horace"
open in the other, and a spying-glass dangling in a
black ribbon at his button. After the first salutation,
he informed me that his visit was indeed to me, but
principally and in the first place to Prior park, which
had so inviting a prospect from below ; and he did not
doubt but, on examination, it would sufficiently repay
the trouble he had given himself of coming up to it on
foot. We then took our chairs, and the first thing he
did or said, was to propound a doubt to me concerning
a passage in Horace, which all this time he had still
open in his hand. Before I could answer, he gave me
the solution of this long misunderstood passage, and in
support of his explanation had the charity to repeat his
own paraphrase of it in English verse, just come hot, as
he said, from the brain. When this and chocolate were
over, having seen all he wanted of me, he desired to
see more of the seat, and particularly what he called
the monument, by which 1 understood the Prior's
tower, with your inscription. Accordingly, I ordered a
servant to attend him thither, and when he had satis-
fied his curiosity, either to let him out from the park
above into the downs, or from the garden below into
the road ; which he chose I never asked, and so this
honourable visit ended. Hereby you will understand
that the design of all this was to be admired, and indeed
he had my admiration to the full, but for nothing so
3726] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 103
much as for his being able at past eighty to perform
this expedition on foot, in no good weather, and with
all the alacrity of a boy both in body and mind."
How long the knight continued on his travels I have
no means of discovering. Ere long, however, he re-
turned to Queen- square, and in a contest for some sub-
ordinate parochial office, carried on so warmly as to open
taverns for men, and coffee-house breakfasts for women,
he exerted himself greatly, wondering, however, as he
himself expressed it, that a man bred at two universities
should be so little regarded. A parishioner, in reply to
some such remark, answered, " That he had a calf that
sucked two cows, and a prodigious great one it was."
At the age of eighty, on 8t, Luke's day, 1771, he went
to Batson's cotfee-house, in his laced coat and band and
fringed white gloves, to show himself to Mr. Crosby,
then Lord Mayor. A gentleman present observing that
he looked very well, he replied, " he had neither wife
nor debts/'
Sir William Browne died at his house in Queen-
square, Bloomsbury, 10th March, 1774, aged eighty-
two. His lady died 25th July, 1763, in her sixty-
fourth year. His remains w r ere interred at Hillington,
co. Norfolk, and in the church is a handsome monument
to his memory, with the following inscription, admitted
in his will to have been the offspring of his own pen :
M. S.
D. Gulielmi Browne Militis
Medicorum Londini bis Prsesidis
S. R. S.
Studium opusque qui valde persequens
Medicinam hand sine Deo fecerat
Die nocteque nitens pro viribns
Salutem hilaris hominibus dare
Labor turn ipse sibi voluptas fuit
Eheu ! jam agendo haud spectator amplius
Beatum tamen vixisse se adserens
Probe contentus exacto tempore
Uti conviva cedit vita satur
Homo humani a se alienum nil putans
Die decimo Martii 1774 mortuus
Die Ciceronis natali 3 Jan" 1692 editus
104 ROLL OF THE [1726
Beatiorem bis preefatns adpetens
Patria O ! perpetua esto et libera
Sit anima mea cum Christosophis
Prope Newtonum, Boylium, Lockium
Procul insanis a sapientibus
Velim edicas, Lector, quanti est vivere
Licet qua terris noscere et agere.
Sir William Browne's will, drawn up by himself,
was a curiosity : it is singularly demonstrative of his
character and oddities, but is not wanting in philan-
thropy. In the preamble he lashes orthodox and hete-
rodox alike, and the Greek and Latin with which it
was interlarded puzzled the people at Doctors' Com-
mons. On his coffin, when in the grave, he desired
might be deposited, " in its leather case or coffin/' his
pocket Elzevir Horace, " comes viae vitseque dulcis et
utilis," he adds, " worn out with and by me." He dis-
posed of his property judiciously and equitably, and
left certain prize medals to be given yearly to Cam-
bridge undergraduates.
His publications are numerous, but unimportant.
They are curious and witty, but dreadfully burdened
with quotations. Their titles, even, are characteristic.
Dr. Gregory's Elements of Catoptrics and Dioptrics, translated
from the Latin original by William Browne, M.D., at Lynn Regis,
in Norfolk. By whom is added : I. A Method for finding the Foci
of all Specula, as well as Lenses universally ; as also Magnifying
or Lessening a given object by a given Speculum or Lens in any
assigned proportion. II. A Solution of those Problems which Dr.
Gregory has left undemonstrated. III. A particular account of
Microscopes and Telescopes from Huygens, with the Discoveries
made by Catoptrics and Dioptrics. 8vo. Lond. 1735.
Oratio Harveiana, Principibus Medicis parentans ; Medicinam,
Academias utrasque laudans ; Empiricos, eorum cultores perstrin-
gens ; Collegium usque a natalibus illustrans : in Theatre Collegii
Reg. Med. Lond. habita Festo Divi Lucae MDCCLI. a Gul. Browne
Equite Aurato, M.D. Cantab, et Oxon, hujusce Collegii Socio,
Electo, Censore, S.R.S. et a Consiliis. 4to. Lond. 1751.
This oration was embellished with Sir William's arms
in the title-page, and a head-piece representing the
theatre at Oxford, the Senate-house at Cambridge, and
the College of Physicians, with an emblematic initial
1726] EOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 105
letter. These ornaments accompanied all his future
publications.
A Letter from Sir William Browne, deputy-lieutenant of the
county of Norfolk, to his tenants and neighbours, seriously recom-
mended at this time to the perusal of all the people of England.
8vo. Lond. 1757.
Ode in imitation of Horace, Ode iii, 1. 3, addressed to the Right
Hon. Sir Robert Walpole, on ceasing to be Minister, February 6,
1741, designed as a just panegyric on a great Minister, the glorious
Revolution, Protestant succession, and principles of Liberty. To
which is added the original Ode, defended in Commentariolo. 4to.
Lond. 1765.
Opuscnla varia utriusque Linguae : Medicinam ; Medicorum Col-
legium; Literas, utrasque Academias ; Empiricos, eorum cultores ;
Solicitatorem, Praestigiatorem ; Poeticen, Criticen ; Patronum,
Patriam ; Religionem, Libertatem, spectantia. Cum Prasfatione
eorum editionem defendente. 4to. Lond. 1765.
Appendix Altera ad Opuscula ; Oratiuncula, Coll. Med. Lond.
cathedrae valedicens. In Comitiis, postridie Divi Michaelis,
MDCCLXVII ad Collegii administrationem renovandam designatis ;
Machinaque Incendiis extinguendis apta contra Permissos rebelles
munitis, &c. 4to. Lond. 1768.
A Farewell Oration, &c., a translation of the preceding. 4to.
Lond. 1768.
Fragmentum Isaaci Hawkins Browne Arm. sive Anti-Bolin-
brokius. Liber Primus, translated for a second Religio Medici.
4to. Lond. 1768.
Fragmentum Isaaci Hawkins Browne completum. 4to. Lond.
1769.
Appendix ad Opuscula. 4to. Lond. 1770.
Odes. 4to. Lond. 1771.
A Proposal on our Coin : to remedy all present and prevent all
future disorders. 4to. Lond. 1771.
A New Year's Grift : a problem and demonstration on the xxxix
Articles. 4to. Lond. 1772.
The Pill Plot. To Dr. Ward, a quack of merry memory, written
at Lynn, November 30, 1734. 4to. Lond. 1772.
Corrections in verse from the Father of the College, on Son Cado-
gan's Gout Dissertation, containing false physic, false logic, and
false philosophy. 4to. Lond. 1772.
Elogy and Address. 4to. Lond. 1773.*
A full-length portrait of Sir William Browne in his
gown as president, painted by Hudson, is at the Col-
lege. It was presented by himself 13th April, 1767, in
the second year of his presidency.
* See Nichols's Literary Anecdotes.
106 ROLL OF THE [1726
SIR EDWARD WILMOT, BART., M.D., was descended
from a family which was settled at Sutton-upon-Soar,
in the county of Nottingham, soon after the Norman
conquest, and removed thence into Derbyshire about
the year 1539. He was the second son of Robert
Wilmot, of Chaddesden, co. Derby, esquire, and was
born 29th October, 1693. He was educated at St.
John's college, Cambridge, of which house he was a
fellow, and he proceeded A.B. 1714 ; A.M. 1718 ; M.D.
1725.* He then settled in London; was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1725 ; and a Fellow 30th September, 1726. He was
Censor in 1729 and 1741 ; and delivered the Harveian
oration in 1735. He was admitted a fellow of the
Royal Society 29th January, 1729-30. He married
Sarah, the eldest daughter of Dr. Mead, and through
his influence was appointed physician to St. Thomas's
hospital. In April, 1731, he was appointed physician
extraordinary to the queen, and soon afterwards physi-
cian in ordinary to her Majesty, and to Frederick prince
of Wales. After the queen's death he was appointed
physician in ordinary to king George II, and in 1740
physician-general to the forces. He was created a baro-
net 17th February, 1759, and on the accession of king
George III was appointed one of his physicians in or-
dinary ; but about this time he retired from practice
and withdrew from London. He resided for some time
at Nottingham ; but finding it too cold for his age and
constitution, he removed to Heringston, in the neigh-
bourhood of Dorchester, co. Dorset, where he died 21st
November, 1787, when he had more than completed
his ninety- third year. He was buried in the parish
church of Monkton, and is commemorated by the fol-
lowing inscription :
Sacred to the Memory of
Sir Edward Wilmot, Bart., M.D.
He married Sarah Marsh,
* He graduated as George Edward Wilmot.
1726] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 107
daughter of Richard Mead, M.D.,
by whom he left one son,
Sir Robert Mead Wilmot, Baronet,
and two daughters, Ann and Jane.
He died at Heringston, in the county of Dorset,
the 21st day of November, 1787, aged 93,
and was interred by his own express directions
in the parish church of Monkton, in the said county,
near his beloved wife, who died
the llth day of September, 1785, aged 83.
JOHN B AMBER, M.D., a native of Kent, was bred a
surgeon, and practised as such for many years in the
city of London, and realised a large fortune. When of
mature age, he withdrew from that department of prac-
tice, devoted himself to physic, and, having produced
letters diinissory from the company of Barbers and Sur-
geons, dated 16th July, 1724, disfranchising him from
that company, he was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 5th October, 1724. On the 12th
April, 1725, he was created doctor of medicine at Cam-
bridge, per lit eras Regias, as a member of Emmanuel
college ; and coming again before the Censors for ex-
amination, was admitted a Candidate 18th October,
1725 ; and a Fellow 30th September, 1726. He was
Censor in 1730 and 1731 ; and dying 7th November,
1753, was buried in Barking church, Essex, where a
monument, ornamented with a fine bust of the doctor
in white marble, bears the following inscription :
Hie jacet JOHANNES BAMBEK, M.D.
Reg. Soc. Colleg. Medic. Lond. Socius,
qui per mnltos annos medicinam
cum multa laude feliciter exercuit.
Reipublic83 utilis suisque non inglorius vir;
maritus, parens optimus,
sociis charus, omnibus benevolus ;
egenis arte atque re sua liberalis.
Occidit eheu ! flebilis
occidit morte subita nee inopinata,
senectute gravi, non valetudine,
Novembris die septimo, anno salutis 1753,
set. suae 86.
Dr. Bamber acquired large estates in the county of
108 BOLL OF THE [1727
Essex. His two daughters and co-heiresses married
respectively Francis Walter Jones, surgeon, of Mincing-
lane, afterwards of Wyfields, Barking, in right of his
wife : and Margaret, Sir Crisp Gascoyne, knt., alder-
man of Vintry ward and lord mayor in 1752 (the first
lord mayor who lived in the present Mansion-house).
Sir Crisp Gascoyne died 28th December, 1761, and
was buried at Barking, leaving with other children
Bamber Gascoyne,. a well-known political character in
the last century. On his death in 1791 the Bamber
estates descended, under Dr. Bamber 's will, to a second
Bamber Gascoyne, who cut off the entail, pulled down
the house at Bifrons, and sold the site and the park.
His daughter and heiress married the marquis of Salis-
bury, who took the name of Gascoyne before that of
Cecil, and became possessed of the Bamber property,
worth, it is said, 12,OOOZ. a-year. There is a fine por-
trait of Dr. Bamber, by Verelst, at the top of the grand
staircase at Hatfield house.
NICHOLAS EOBINSON, M.D., a native of Wales, and a
doctor of medicine of Rheims, of 15th December, 1718,
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
27th March, 1727. He died at an advanced age, 13th
May, 1775, and was the author of
A compleat Treatise of the Stone and Gravel. Dissolution of the
Stone without bodily detriment, &c. 8vo. Lond. 1721.
Theory of Physick and Diseases, founded on the principles of the
Newtonian Philosophy. 8vo. Lond. 1725.
A new Method of treating Consumptions. 8vo. Lond. 1727.
A new System of the Spleen, Vapours, and Hypochondriack
Melancholy. 8vo. Lond. 1729.
Discourse upon the Nature and Cause of Sudden Deaths, and
upon Bleeding in Apoplexy. 8vo. Lond. 1732.
A new Treatise of the Venereal Disease. 8vo. Lond. 1736.
The Christian Philosopher; or, a Divine Essay on the Principles
of Man's Universal Redemption. 8vo. Lond. 1741.
An Essay on the Gout and all gouty affections incident to Man-
kind. 8vo. Lond. 1755.
A Treatise on the Virtues and Efficacy of a Crust of Bread, eat
early in a Morning, fasting. 8vo. Lond. 1756.
A general Scheme for a course of Medical Lectures intended for
the improvement of young physicians and gentlemen. 4to. Lond.
1728] ROYAL COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS. 109
SEBASTIAN LE FEVRE, of St. Alban's, Herts, was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College 5th May,
1727.
LAWRENCE MARTEL, M.D., was born at Twickenham,
and educated at Merchant Taylors' school, on leaving
which in 1715 he entered as a pensioner of Clare hall,
Cambridge, and, as a member of that house, proceeded
M.B. 1721 ; M.D. 5th July, 1726. Admitted a Can-
didate of the College of Physicians 22nd December,
1726, and a Fellow 22nd December, 1727, he was Censor
in 1730, 1731, 1733, 1737, 1743; and Eegistrar in 1737
and 1738. He died in 1746.
ALEXANDER STUART, M.D., a Scotchman, who, on
the 14th December, 1709, being then thirty-six years
of age, was entered on the physic line at Leyden and,
graduated doctor of medicine there 22nd June, 1711
(D.M.I, de Structura et Motu Musculari, 4to.), was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College 25th June, 1720. He
was created doctor of medicine at Cambridge (comitiis
Regiis) 1728, and was physician in ordinary to the
queen, in which capacity he was admitted a Fellow of
the College of Physicians 2nd September, 1728. He
was Censor in 1732 and 1741. Dr. Stuart was ap-
pointed physician to the Westminster hospital on its
establishment in 1719, and one of the six physicians to
St. George's hospital, appointed at the first general
board, held 19th October, 1733, when he resigned his
office at the Westminster. He held his office at St.
George's for a short period only, resigning it 9th July,
1736. He was a fellow of the Royal Society, and a
member of the Royal Academy of Sciences ; from the
former he received the Copley medal for his researches
into the structure and action of muscle. Dr. Stuart
died 15th September, 1742. His only published work,
an amplification of his inaugural essay, was his
Dissertatio de Structura et Motu Musculari. 4to. Lond. 1 738.
110 ROLL OP THE [1720
THOMAS KNIGHT, of Caernarvon, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College 23rd January, 1728-9.
One of his name, probably our Extra-Licentiate, was
the author of
An Essay on the Transmutation of Blood, 8vo. Lond. 1725.
A Vindication of an Essay on .the Transmutation of Blood. 8vo.
Lond. 1731.
A Dissertation on Chalybeats. 8vo. Lond. 1731.
Reflections upon Catholicons, or Universal Remedies. 8vo. Lond.
1749.
THOMAS HARWOOD was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 30th January, 1728-9.
He practised at Merrow, near Guildford.
JOHN BEAUFORD, M.D., was born in Cornwall, and
educated at Trinity college, Cambridge, as a member of
which house he proceeded A.B. in 1686. He was created
doctor of medicine at Cambridge (comitiis Regiis), 1728;
and was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1729. He died, at a very advanced
age, in October, 1750.
WILLIAM MARTIN, M.D., was born in Middlesex, and
educated at Trinity college, Cambridge, where he pro-
ceeded M.B. 1723. In the autumn of that year he was
entered on the physic line at Leyden, and graduated
doctor of medicine there in 1725 (D.M.I, de Fluxu
Menstruale et Morbis Virginum). He graduated M.D.
at Cambridge 7th July, 1728 ; was admitted a Candi-
date of the College of Physicians 2nd September, 1728,
and a Fellow 30th September, 1729.
JOHN MOUXTFORD, M.D., was born in London, and
educated at Trinity college, Oxford. He proceeded
A.B. 7th December, 1702 ; A.M. 5th July, 1705 ; M.B.
9th December, 1708; and M.D. 9th July, 1712. He
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1728 ; and a Fellow 30th September,
1729 ; and died at his house in Wine-office-court, Fleet-
street, 28th March, 1731.
1729] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. Ill
WILLIAM FULLERTOX, M.D., was born in Argyleshire,
and on the 8th September, 1717, being then twenty-
five years of age, was entered on the physic line at Ley-
den. As a member of Balliol college, he was created
bachelor and doctor of medicine at Oxford by diploma
12th April, 1728. On the 5th November, 1728, he was
elected an honorary member of the College of Physi-
cians of Edinburgh. Dr. Fullerton was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1728, and a Fellow 30th September, 1729. He was
physician to Christ's hospital ; on the 29th June, 1731,
was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society; and died
12th March, 1737.
CROMWELL MORTIMER, M.D., was born in Essex, and
was the second son of John Mortimer, esq., of Topping
hall, in that county. He was educated at Leyden, under
Boerhaave. He was admitted on the physic line there
7th September, 1719 ; went through the very complete
course of instruction given in that university, and took
his degree of doctor of medicine there 9th August,
1724 (Exercitatio Inaug. de Ingressu Humorum in
Corpus Humanum. 4 to.). He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1725 ; but,
having been created doctor of medicine at Cambridge
(comitiis Regiis), llth May, 1728, was admitted a
Candidate 30th September, 1728, and a Fellow 30th
September, 1729. Dr. Mortimer was a person of con-
siderable importance in his day. He was a fellow of
the Royal and of the Antiquarian Society ; of the
former he was secretary for more than twenty years,
and he was one of the most active of that illustrious
band, who laboured for the incorporation of the latter.
The Doctor's elder brother left him the family estate,
where he died 7th January, 1752. He edited Fran-
cisci Willughbeii de Historia Piscium libri quatuor, re-
cognovit Joh. Raius accessit Index Piscium, &c., cura
Cromwelli Mortimer, M.D. folio, 1743 ; and published
On the Volatile Spirit of Sulphur. 8vo. Lond. 1744.
112 BOLL OF THE [1729
An Address to the Public, containing Narratives of the Effects of
certain Chemical Remedies in most Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1745.
JOHN CONINGHAM, M.D., was a native of Cumber-
land. He, being then twenty-two years of age was, on
the 22nd August, 1718, entered on the physic line at
Leyden, and he graduated doctor of medicine at Rheims
21st July, 1719. He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 25th June, 1723 ; but, having
been created doctor of medicine at Cambridge, 26th
April, 1728, was admitted a Candidate 30th Septem-
ber, 1728, and a Fellow of the College 30th September,
1729. He was Censor in 1740, 1744, 1747; and was
named an Elect 16th December, 1746. Dr. Coning-
ham was appointed physician extraordinary to the Lon-
don Hospital 16th March, 1742, and died 23rd January,
1749.
EGBERT NESBITT, M.D., was the son of Mr. John
Nesbitt, a dissenting minister, and was born in London.
He received his medical education at Leyden, where he
was, on the 1st September, 1718, entered on the physic
line. He attended the lectures of Boerhaave and the
elder Albinus, and took his degree of doctor of medicine
there 25th April, 1721 (D.M.I, de Partu Difficili. 4to.).
He was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society 22nd April,
1725 ; a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1726 ; and having been created doctor of medi-
cine at Cambridge 15th June, 1728, was admitted a
Candidate 30th September, 1728, and a Fellow 30th
September, 1729, Dr. Nesbitt was Censor in 1733,
1738, 1742, 1745, 1748 ; on the 23rd March, 1740-1,
was appointed Lumleian lecturer for a period of five
years; an Elect 22nd August, 1748, and Consiliarius
1750, 1754, 1758. Haller says of him* " bonus in
universum auctor." He died 27th May, 1761 ; and
was the author of
Human Osteogony explained. 8vo. Lond. 1736.
* Bibliotheca Anatomica, vol. ii, p. 286.
1729] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 113
RICHARD WATTS, M.D., a native of Hampshire, then
practising at Lymington, was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College 26th June, 1703. A few years
afterwards, removing to London, he presented himself
at the Censors' board, and on the 30th September,
1710, after the usual examinations, was admitted a
Licentiate. He was created doctor of medicine at Cam-
bridge 15th June, 1728 ; on the 30th September follow-
ing, was admitted a Candidate of the College ; and on
the 30th September, 1729, a Fellow. Dr. Watts died
14th April, 1750, aged seventy-four.
PETER HOOKE, M.D., was born at Norwich, and on
the 28th May, 1718, was admitted a pensioner of Clare
hall, Cambridge, under Dr. Laughton, and as a member
of that house proceeded M.B. in 1723. On the 21st
October, 1726, being then twenty-six years of age, he
was entered on the physic line at Leyden, and he gra-
duated M.D. at Cambridge in 1728. He was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th v Septem-
ber, 1728 ; and a Fellow 30th September, 1729. Dr.
Hooke's name disappears from the annual list in 1736.
JAMES MONRO, M.D., was the only son of Alexander
Monro, D.D., principal of the university of Edinburgh,
who just before the Revolution of 1688 was nominated
by James II to the then vacant see of Argyle. The
alterations which took place in the church of Scot-
land at that period prevented his obtaining possession
of the bishopric ; and, Dr. Monro and the government
of William III not agreeing in their political opinions,
he was fetched to London by a messenger in September,
1691, and there remained until his death, which oc-
curred in or about the year 1700. Dr. Alexander
Monro (as we learn from the family pedigree) was de-
scended from the chiefs of the Highland clan of Monro,
whose ancestors fell at Bannockburn, Halidon-hill,
Pinkie, &c., fighting in the cause of their country, and
VOL. II. I
114 ROLL OP THE [1729
who are described as having been invested with the
barony of Fowlis, in Ross-shire, by Malcolm Canmore,
A.D. 1024. This ancient clan are said by Macaulay and
other writers to have adhered to the side of William of
Orange, and to have been hostile to the last of the
Stuarts ; but Dr. Alexander Monro seems to have in-
herited the more ancient royalist sentiments of the
family, who are described by Buchanan as coming to
the aid of Mary queen of Scots, with their followers,
when attacked by the reformers of those days.
Dr. James Monro was born in Scotland 2nd Septem-
ber, 1680, and accompanied his father to England in
1691. At a proper age he was entered at Balliol col-
lege, Oxford, and as a member of that house proceeded
A.B. 15th June, 1703; A.M. 3rd June, 1708; M.B.
25th May, 1709 ; and M.D. 9th July, 1722. He com-
menced practice in London, was admitted a Candidate
of the College of Physicians 23rd December, 1728,
and a Fellow 22nd December, 1729. Dr. Monro was
elected physician to Bethlem hospital 9th October,
1728 ; he delivered the Harveian oration in 1737 ; and,
dying at Sunning-hill, Berks, in the night of the 4th
November, 1752, aged seventy-two, was buried in the
church there. His son, Dr. John Monro, in his "Re-
marks on Dr. Battie's Treatise on Madness," 8vo. Lond.
1758, writes thus of this estimable physician : " He was
a man of admirable discernment, and treated this dis-
ease (insanity) with an address that will not soon be
equalled. He knew very well that the management re-
quisite for it was never to be learned but by observa-
tion ; he was honest and sincere ; and, though no man
was more communicative upon points of real use, he
never thought of reading lectures upon a subject that
can be understood no otherwise than by personal obser-
vation : physic he honoured as a profession, but he des-
pised it as a trade. However partial I may be to his
memory, his friends acknowledge this to be true, and
his enemies will not venture to deny it."
A good portrait of this physician has recently been
1729] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 115
presented to the College by his descendant, Henry
Monro, M.D., a Fellow of the College.
WILLIAM WOODFORD, M.D., was born in Hampshire,
and educated at Winchester, which he entered in 1701.
Elected thence to New college, Oxford, he proceeded
B.C.L. 22nd May, 1706 ; M.B. and M.D. 26th Novem-
ber, 1724. He was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 23rd December, 1728 ; a Fellow 22nd
December, 1729 ; and was Censor in 1733. Dr. Wood-
ford was appointed Regius professor of Physic at Ox-
ford 2nd April, 1730. On the 2nd August, 1734, he
announced to the College his intention of leaving
London and settling in Oxford. He retained the regius
professorship until his death, which occurred at Bath on
the 13th November, 1758. Dr. Woodford presented
to the College, in 1738, the portrait of Dr. Croone, now
in the Censors' room, and also the copy of " Scriptores
de Re Rustica, impressa Regii," 1496, which had once
belonged to our first president, Linacre.
FRANCIS CLIFTON, M.D., was a native of Norfolk, and
a doctor of medicine of Leyden, of 1724. His inaugural
essay on that occasion, " De distinctis et confluentibus
Variolis," 4to., was reprinted by Haller in his "Dis-
putationes ad Morborum Historiam et Curationem
facientes." Dr. Clifton was admitted a fellow of the
Royal Society 29th June, 1727. He was created doctor
of medicine at Cambridge (comitiis Regiis) 26th April,
1728 ; was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 23rd December, 1728 ; a Fellow, 22nd Decem-
ber, 1729 ; and delivered the Gulstonian lectures in
1732. He was physician to the prince of Wales, but
resigned that office and left London in 1734. His name
disappears from the list of the College in 1737. He was
the author of the following works :
Tabular Observations recommended as the surest way of im-
proving Physick. 8vo. Lond. 1731.
The State of Physick, ancient and modern, briefly considered.
8vo. Lond. 1732.
I 2
116 ROLL OF THE [1730
Proposals for Printing, by subscription, all the works of Hippo-
crates in Greek and Latin, digested in a new and regular manner.
The intended publication did not meet with sufficient
encouragement, and never appeared.
A Translation of Hippocrates upon Air, Water, and Situation,
Epidemicks, &c. 8vo. Lond. 1734.
His GRACE CHARLES DUKE OF EICHMOND was cre-
ated doctor of medicine at Cambridge (comitiis Regiis),
1728. He was elected a Fellow of the College of Phy-
sicians 25th June, 1728, but was not actually admitted
until December, 1729. The duke died 8th May, 1750.
THOMAS RUSSE was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
the College 23rd January, 1729-30. He practised at
Chelmsford.
JOHN OLDFIELD, M.D., was born in Surrey, and on
the 23rd September, 1717, being then twenty-seven
years of age, was entered on the physic line at Leyden.
He graduated doctor of medicine there in 1718 (D.M.I,
de Causis Motum Sanguinis circularem per vasa cor-
poris animalis promoventibus ac obstantibus). He was
created doctor of medicine at Cambridge (comitiis Regiis),
26th April, 1728. He was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 25th June, 1729 ; a Fellow 25th
June, 1730 ; and was Censor in 1735. Dr. Oldfield was
appointed physician to Guy's hospital 21st April, 1725.
He died 25th June, 1748.
THOMAS PARRATT, M.D., was born in Huntingdon-
shire, and was the son of Thomas Parratt, of Calworth,
in that county. He was educated at Huntingdon school
under Mr. Matthews, was admitted a pensioner of St.
John's college, Cambridge, 8th June, 1703, aged seven-
teen, his father being then dead. He proceeded M.B.
1710; M.D. 1722; was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 30th September, 1729 ; and a Fel-
1731] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 117
low 30th September, 1730. His name disappears from
the list in 1741.
JOSHUA YOUNG, of Cheshunt, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College 5th April, 1731. His library
was sold in 1757.
SAMUEL PYE, M.D. A native of London, and a doc-
tor of medicine of Glasgow, of 20th January, 1720 ; was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th
April, 1731. He died at Bromley, near Bow, 2nd
February, 1772 ; and was the author of
Some Observations on the several Methods of Lithotomy. 4to.
Lond. 1724.
An Enquiry into the Legal Constitution of the Royal College of
Physicians in London. 8vo. Lond. 1753.
JOHN NEWINGTON, M.D., was born in Surrey, and
educated at Queen's college, Oxford. He proceeded
A.B. 21st April, 1719; A.M. 28th April, 1722; M.B.
5th July, 1725 ; M.D. 6th July, 1728 ; was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th June,
1730 ; and a Fellow 25th June, 1731. Dr. Newing-
ton practised at Greenwich, and died there 22nd Janu-
ary, 1771. His only literary effort was the Harveian
oration for 1738.
SAMUEL DWIGHT, A.M., was a son of John Dwight,
gent., of Wigan, and was for a short time at St. Peter's,
Westminster, where he was admitted in 1686. Re-
moving thence, however, in 1687, to Oxford, he was
admitted a commoner of Christ church, and as a mem
ber of that house proceeded A.B. 23rd May, 1691 ;
A.M. 14th Februaiy, 1693. He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1731.
He practised at Fulham and died there 10th Novem-
ber, 1737. According to the "Gentleman's Maga-
zine," vol. vii, " he was the first that found out the
118 BOLL OF THE [1732
secret to colour earthenware like china." He was the
author of
De Vomitione et Purgatione, eorumque excessu curando, necnon
de Emeticis Medicamentis, de Catharticis, de Variolis et Morbillis.
8vo. Lond. 1722.
De Hydropibus. 8vo. Lond. 1725.
De Febribus Symptomaticis. 8vo. Lond. 1731.
ROBERT PORTER, M.D. A native of London, was on
the 16th September, 1726, being then twenty-three
years of age, entered on the physic line at Leyden,
where he graduated doctor of medicine 25th July, 1727
(D.M.I, de Natura Vasorum in corpore humario). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
25th June, 1731. He died in 1735 or 1736.
JONATHAN BROOKE, M.D. A native of Warwick-
shire ; admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 30th September, 1731. At that time he had no
degree in arts or medicine ; but on the 3rd August,
1733, he was created doctor of medicine by the univer-
sity of St. Andrew's. Dr. Brooke practised midwifery,
and died 12th March, 1735.
JAMES TAVERNER, M.B., was born at Maiden, in
Essex, and on the 17th March, 1725, was admitted a
pensioner of Clare hall, Cambridge, under Mr. Greene.
As an undergraduate of Clare hall, Cambridge, he was
admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 18th February, 1731-2. He practised for a time
at Sudbury, co. Suffolk, but after a few years removed
to Witham, in Essex, where a medicinal spring had
recently been discovered. To it high medicinal virtues
were for a time assigned, and much benefit to the town
was anticipated. The great hall of the mansion of New
hall, near Chelmsford, was bought and translated to
Witham for an assembly room ; but the whole project
soon came to nothing. Taverner proceeded bachelor of
medicine at Cambridge in 1733 ; and published "An
Essay on the Witham Spa," 8vo. Lond. 1737.
1732] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 119
JOHN BOBERTSON, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Aberdeen, practising at Wells, co. Somerset ; was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College 29th March,
1732.
SIMON BURTON, M.D., was born in Warwickshire,
and was the eldest son of Humphrey Burton, of Caresly,
near Coventry, by his wife, Judith, daughter of Abra-
ham Bohun, of Coundon, co. Warwick, clerk. He was
educated at Rugby, and at New college, Oxford, as a
member of which he proceeded A.B. 29th November,
1710; A.M. 26th May, 1714 ; M.B. 20th April, 1716 ;
M.D. 21st July, 1720. He practised for some years
at Warwick, but then settled in London ; was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 12th A.pril,
1731 ; a Fellow 3rd April, 1732 ; was Censor in 1738 ;
and delivered the Harveian oration in 1740. Dr.
Burton was appointed one of the physicians to St.
George's hospital 19th October, 1733. He died at his
house in Savile-row llth June, 1744. Dr. Burton
was one of the physicians who attended Pope in his last
illness.
MATTHEW LEE, M.D., was born in Northampton-
shire ; and in 1709, being then fourteen years of age,
was admitted a King's scholar at Westminster. Elected
thence, in 1713, to Christ church, Oxford, he, as a mem-
ber of that house, proceeded A.B. 17th May, 1717;
A.M. 23rd June, 1720; M.B. 26th October, 1722; and
M.D. 16th June, 1726. He practised for some years at
Oxford with marked success, but about the year 1730
removed to London ; was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 12th April, 1731 ; and a Fellow
3rd April, 1732. He was Censor in 1734 ; and Har-
veian orator in 1736. In 1739 he was appointed phy-
sician to Frederick, prince of Wales, in place of Dr.
Broxolme, deceased ; and himself dying 26th Septem-
ber, 1755, was buried in the church of Little Linford,
co. Bucks, where there is a monument with the follow-
ing inscription :
120 ROLL OF THE [1732
H.S.E.
Mattheeus Lee M:D.
qui natus Northamtoniee,
educatus in Schola Westmon 1
Alumnus Regis,
et cooptatus in ^Edem Christi Oxonias,
Literis atque Scientiis
uberrime instructus fuit et ornatus.
Artem Medicam Oxonise et Londini
tanta cum fama exercuit,
ut Frederici Wallire Principis,
et illustris Domus valetudini Regente
Medicus constitueretur Ordinarius.
Erat em'm in Morbis diagnoscendis sagax,
in iisdem curandis peritissimus ;
in consultando apertus, facilis, gravis.
Uxorem duxit Saram, Job. : Knapp arm :
filiam natu minimam.
Obiit Sept : xxvi A.D. MDCCLV.
set : LXI.
Moriens sine prole,
Conjugi dilectas,
quse hoc Monumentum posuit ;
et Conjugis Sorori,
amplas opes annuas legavit.
Et post illarum obitum,
Collegas suas ^Edis ex Xti ^dis alumnos
hseredes prope exasse constifcuit ;
ad ingenuas omnis literatures
reiq. physicae et anatomicse studia,
in perpetuum promovenda.
Dr. Lee* bequeathed to the College the portrait of
Dr. Freind, now in the dining room. He was a muni-
ficent benefactor to Christ church and to Westminster
school. In 1750 he had founded an anatomical lecture-
ship at Christ church, which he endowed with a stipend
of 140?. a-year; he also gave money for building an
* " In medendo acutus et eruditus, in loquendo apertus et facun-
dus, in agendo probus et sincerus : Qui modestis facilis et comis,
arrogantibus acer et intrepidus, panperibus misericors et liberalis,
divitibus Justus neque avidus fuit. Adulationis Ipse impatiens
adulatus est nemmi, plebeculaB sermunculos contempsit, optimatum
blanditias neglexit : quod denique de Pisone oratore scribit Cicero,
id quidem Leei nostri mores et valetudinem mirifice depingit. Is
(inquit Cicero) laborem forensem quasi cursum diutius non tulit,
quod corpore erat infirm o, et Hominum ineptias ac stultitias, qua3
devorandee nobis sunt, non ferebat, iracundiusqtm respuebat, non
1732] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 121
anatomy school, and for converting the old library into
rooms. His bequest to Westminster consisted of ex-
hibitions for the students, 35Z. to each of the West-
minster students of the first year, beginning in the
quarter in which they are elected to the Lady-day fol-
lowing. The residue is divided among the students
who reside seven calendar months, and are not above
eight years from their matriculation.
JOHN WIGAN, M.D., was born 31st January, 1694-5,
and was the son of the Rev. William Wigan, rector of
Kensington. When fifteen years of age he was ad-
mitted to Westminster school, and was elected thence
to Christ church, Oxford, in 1714. Some verses of his
occur among the academical lamentations on the death
of queen Anne in 1714, and of Dr. Radcliffe in 1715 ;
besides which, he wrote the lines on the death of dean
Aldrich, which are published in V. Bourne's edition of
the dean's poems, and four at least of the exercises in
the Carmina Quadrigesimalia are ascribed to him. As
a member of Christ church, he graduated A.B. 6th
February, 1718; A.M. 22nd March, 1720; and then,
accumulating his degrees in physic, proceeded M.D. 6th
July, 1727. On the 5th October, 1726, he was ad-
mitted principal of New Inn hall, Oxford, and about the
same time was appointed secretary to the earl of Arran,
the chancellor of the university. He was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians the 12th April,
1731, and a Fellow 3rd April, 1732, when he resigned
his office at New Inn hall, and settled in London. He
was elected physician to the Westminster hospital in
1733, and retained his office there until 1737. In 1738
Dr. Wigan accompanied his friend Mr. afterwards Sir
Edward, Trelawny (son of Sir Jonathan Trelawny,
one of the seven bishops committed to the tower by
morose ut putabatur, sed ingenio prorsus Hberoque fastidio.
Virum hunc egregium lugeant nostrse quas dilexit, Academise
lugeat nostrum quod ornavit Collegium ; lugeat denique, Ars ipsa
Medica, cujus dignitatem tueri semper studuit." Oratio Harveiana
A.D. 1755, nabita p. 34.
122 BOLL OF THE [1732
James II) to Jamaica, in the double capacity of physi-
cian and secretary. They there married two sisters,
daughters of John Douce, a planter in the island. Mary,
who was married to Dr. Wigan, was the widow of Philip
"Wheeler, of Jamaica. They had one daughter, Mary
Trelawny Wigan ; she married Hose Herring May, esq.,
one of H.M. counsel for Jamaica. Dr. Wigan died in
Jamaica 5th December, 1739, aged forty-three. His
memorial still exists in the cathedral church of St.
Catherine, Spanish town, Jamaica. It is a black marble
slab, simply inscribed
Doctr. John Wigan, obiit 5 Deer. 1739, a?tat. 43.
Dr. Wigan's name will always be held in respect
by the admirers of Aretseus, for his splendid edition
of that author in folio, which issued from the Claren-
don press in 1723. Maittaire compiled the index to
it at the request of Dr. Freind, who, it would seem
from Dr. Wigan's dedication of the book to him, de-
frayed great part of the expense ; for the editor says
that it was "tuo hortatu inchoatam, tua ope absolu-
tam." When Boerhaave published his handsome edition
of the same author in 1735, he availed himself of the
labours both of Wigan and Maittaire, and in his dedi-
cation made the following handsome acknowledgment
to the former : " Addidi dein ilia omnia, quse eximius
Wiganus summa diligentia, successu felicissimo, illus-
trando Aretaeo protulerat, pulcherrima ad literarum
studia, artemque medicam ; sola excepta version e, quam
elaboravit optimam : quia jamdudum fuerat absoluta
impressio textus nostrse edition is priusquam prodiret
Wiganiana."
Dr. Wigan had a share in editing Dr. Freind 's works ;
and besides writing the life of Freind in choice Latin,
he translated the " History of Physick " into Latin
and prefixed to the folio edition of 1732 a long alcaic
ode, dated 15th July, 1727, which he had composed on
Freind's appointment as physician to the queen/''" Dr.
Wigan's portrait, a three-quarter life size, by Hogarth,
* Vide Alumni Westmonasterienses, p. 262.
1732] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 123
is in the possession of the Rev. W. W. Harvey, rector
of Eweime, Oxfordshire, who is descended ex parte
materna from Dr. Wigan, and to whom T am indebted
for many of the facts stated above.
FRANK NICHOLLS, M.D., was descended from a re-
spectable family in Cornwall, but was born in 1699 in
London, where his father practised as a barrister. He
received his rudimentary education at a private school
in the country, whence he was removed to Westminster.
Entered a sojourner at Exeter college, Oxford, 4th
March, 1714, under Mr. John Haviland, he proceeded
A.B. 14th November, 1718 ; A.M. 12th June, 1721 ;
M.B. 16th February, 1724; and M.D. 16th March,
1729. From the commencement of his medical studies,
he devoted himself to dissections, and thus laid the
surest foundation for the fame he subsequently acquired
as an anatomist and physiologist. He was appointed y
reader in anatomy in the university, and in this capa- ^
city obtained much reputation at Oxford. His lectures
were commenced at an early period, probably soon
after he took his first degree in arts, and were conti-
nued for several successive years. During this period,
he did not permanently reside at Oxford ; but, when
his course of lectures was completed, repaired to Lon-
don, where he continued his anatomical and prac-
tical studies. He settled in the first instance in Corn-
wall, where he practised for a time with considerable
reputation, but the fatigue of a country business in-
duced him, ere long, to return to London. He visited
France arid Italy for the sake of improvement in his
favourite science, and on his return to England com- (
menced a course of lectures on anatomy and physiology )
in the metropolis. The novelty of his discoveries, the
gracefulness of his manner, and the charms of his
delivery attracted to him not only the medical people
in every line, but persons of all ranks and all profes-
sions who crowded upon him from every quarter. Dr.
Nicholls was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society
124 ROLL OF THE \_1732
in 1728 ; a Candidate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1730 ; and a Fellow 26th June, 1732.
He was Gulstonian lecturer in 1734, and again in
1736. On the former occasion he selected as his sub-
ject " the Structure of the Heart and the Circulation
of the Blood." On the latter, "the Urinary Organs,
with the Causes, Symptoms and Cure of Stone." He
was Censor in 1735 and 1746, and delivered the Har-
veian oration in 1739. Dr. Nicholls was nominated
Lumleian lecturer for a term of five years, 30th August,
1746, and commenced the duties of that office with
his elegant and weU-known dissertation " De Anima
Medica." On the death of Dr. John Coningham in the
early part of 1749, the Elects of the College ignored the
claims and well-founded reputation of Dr. Nicholls, and
elected Dr. Abraham Hall, his junior in age and stand-
ing {is a Fellow, into their body. For an act so disre-
spectful to Dr. Nicholls no adequate cause has ever been
assigned, and contemporary Fellows of the College were
unable to explain it. Dr. Nicholls resigned his Lumleian
lectureship, and thenceforward took little part in the
''affairs of the College. His wife's father, Dr. Mead,
seems to have resented the slight offered to Dr. Nicholls,
and on the 9th April, 1750, resigned his place as one of
the eight Elects of the College.
In 1743 Dr. Nicholls married Elizabeth, the youngest
daughter of Dr. Mead, through whose influence he ob-
tained considerable practice. On the death of Sir Hans
Sloane in 1753, he was appointed physician to George
II, and held that office until the king's death in 1760.
Tired at length of London, and wishing personally to
superintend the education of his son, he in 1762 re-
moved to Oxford ; but when the study of the law re-
called Mr. Nicholls to London, the doctor retired to
Epsom, where he resided several years, devoting him-
self to the study of botany and agriculture, and died
7th January, 1778, in the eightieth year of his age.
The life of Dr. Nicholls was written in choice Latin
by his pupil and intimate friend, Thomas Lawrence,
1732] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSIC CANS. 125
M.D., " Franci Nichollsii Vita," 4to. Lond. 1780. His
portrait, engraved by John Hall, from a model of Mr.
Isaac Gossets, is prefixed thereto. * Dr. Nicholls was
the inventor of corroded anatomical preparations. He
was one of the first to study and teach the minute
anatomy of tissues, in other words, general, as distin-
guished from regional and descriptive anatomy ; a sub-
ject which he made his own by the originality and
precision of his views, and to which he devoted many
of the lectures of his anatomy course. Dr. Nicholls was
also the first to give a correct description of the mode
* " Staturae fuit mediocris, corporis compact!, et, cum sevi integer
erat, agilis. Facies ei honesta et decora ; vultus benevolentiam et
dignitatem prae se ferens, ita ut primo aspectu reverentiam simul
et amorem astantium sibi conciliaret ; varius autem et mutabilis,
ut hominis naturae simplicis et aperti motus animi ex oris immuta-
tione facile cognosceres. Mira suavitate et perspicuitate orationis,
et in sermone f amiliari et in praelectionibus usus est ; in his autem
id praecipue laudis fuit, ut verbis propriis, ordine lucido extem-
pore prolatis, orationem aliorum meditatam et lepore et vi et
i>ap>yeia facile vinceret. In aegrotorum curatione nihil prius habuit,
quam ut signa morbi propria a communibus, quod optime potuit,
nempe qui physiologiam perspectam haberet, sejungeret, ut quid
oppugnandum esset cognosceret, ut motus, quibus ex naturae insti-
tute morbi causa vel vinceretur vel expelleretur, a motibus illis,
quibus homo patitur, nihil in malo amoliendo agit, secerneret :
ilium enim medicinam feliciter facturum putavit, non qui sympto-
matis supprimendis, sed, qui, ex naturae concilio, vim ejusdem fero-
cientis temperare, eamdem languentem excitare, errantem, in viam
reducere contendit. Quis enim prudens in Cholera materiam acrem
per alvum excituram cohiberet ? Quis malo arthritico cum dolore
et inflammatione pedem occupante, morbura in sanguine repelleret ?
ut aeger molliculus et doloris impatiens avaX^rjaia frueretur. Nihil
siquidem in morbis capitalius esse statuit, quam, morbi causa
minime expulsa vel subacta, symptomata evanescere; unde vix
aliud expectandum esse experientia docemur, quam ut segrotus
afiaj^-rl manus hosti det. Medicamentorum in curationibus quod
satis esset, parca manu adhibuit ; religio quippe illi fuit molestiis
illis, quas morbus secum ferebat, alias addere. Literis Grraecis et
Latinis satis doctus ; in multis libris legendis nonnulloram ob-
scuram diligentiam contempsit ; cum medicinas principia vera,
morborum facies varia, remediorum utendorum ratio paucis libris
sint tradita, sententiam vero cujusque vel inepti, vel absurdi, vel
delirantis, rogandi laborem stultum censuit." Franci Nichollsii
Vita ; Thoma Lawrence M.D., scriptore, p. 104.
126 ROLL OF THE [1732
of production of aneurism ; and he distinctly recog-
nised the existence and office of the vaso-motor
nerves.* He was the author of
Compendium Anafcomioum, ea omnia complectens, qiiae ad Humani
Corporis CEconomiam specbant. In usum Academies Oxoniensis con-
structum, 1732.
This ran to several editions, was much enlarged, and
eventually appeared under the title of " Compendium
Anatomico-CEconomicum. "
De Anima Medica Praelectio. 4to. Lond., 1750.
To the second edition of which, in 1775, he added a
dissertation " De Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Homine
nato et non nato."
The Petition of the Unborn Babes to the Censors of the Royal
College of Physicians. 4to. Lond. 1751.
PELHAM JOHNSTON, M.D., was born in York, and was
the son of Cud worth Johnston, M.D., a distinguished
physician of that city, who died in 1692, by his wife
Margaret, a daughter of John Pelham, of Hull. He
was educated at Sedburgh school, and on the 2nd May,
1700, being then nineteen years of age, was admitted a
sizar of St. John's college, Cambridge. He proceeded
M.B. 1711; M.D. 26th April, 1728; was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1731 ;
and a Fellow 30th September, 1732. He died at West-
minster, 10th August, 1765.
ABRAHAM HALL, M.D. was born in Yorkshire, and,
after a good preliminary education, was entered at Tri-
nity college, Cambridge, as a member of which he pro-
ceeded M.B. 1 725, M.D. 1728. He was admitted a Can-
didate of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1731,
* " At arterias nunquam non comitantur nervi, qui surculos suos
in earnndem tunicas irnmittiint, quorum sensu peculiari sanguinis
stimulus persentiscitur, pulsus moderamen fit, humorum in vasa,
justa fit distributio, succorum utilium confectioni et secretioni,
inutilium autem expulsioni prospicitur." Franci Nichollsii Vita
scriptore Tho. Lawrence, p. 18.
1732] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 127
and a Fellow 30th September, 1732 ; was Censor in 1734
and 1 745, and was named an Elect 2 7th February, 1 748-9.
Dr. Hall was physician to St. Thomas's hospital, and to
the Charterhouse : the former appointment he resigned
in 1749, but he continued to hold the latter until his
death, which took place at his official residence in Char-
terhouse-square, 5th February, 1751.
JAMES SHERAKD, M.D., was the son of George Sher-
ard, of Bushby, in Leicestershire, and was born in 1666.
He was educated at Merchant Taylors' school, and in
February, 1681-2, was apprenticed to Mr. Charles
Watts, an apothecary, who, shortly before, had been ap-
pointed to the care and management of the Botanical
garden at Chelsea, a circumstance which must have
given his apprentice the opportunity of cultivating a
taste for botany, and no doubt laid the foundation of his
future excellence in that science. He practised for many
years as an apothecary, in Mark-lane, and accumulated
an ample fortune. He was a man of extensive attain-
ments, an accomplished musician, and an excellent bo-
tanist ; and at his country house at Eltham, in Kent, he
had a good garden, richly stocked with exotic plants.
His brother, William Sherard, D.C.L., fellow of St.
John's college, Oxford, who had been English consul at
Smyrna, was scarcely less eminent as a botanist. He
cultivated an extensive garden at his country house near
Smyrna, which he enriched with the rarer products of
Natolia and Greece, and there began to form his cele-
brated herbarium, which eventually comprised 12,000
species. He died in 1728, and bequeathed to the uni-
versity of Oxford his library, herbarium, and 3,000?. for
the endowment of a professorship of botany, directing
that the nomination shou]d for ever be in the gift of the
College of Physicians of London. To James Sherard
devolved the office of carrying into effect his brother's
bequest ; on the completion of which, the university of
Oxford conferred upon him the degree of doctor of me-
dicine, by diploma, 2nd July, 1731. He had then for
128 ROLL OF THE [1733
several years retired from the business of an apothecary,
and had withdrawn to Eltham. The College of Physi-
cians, to mark their sense of the patronage vested in
them as the electors of the Oxford professorship, on the
recommendation of their President, Sir Hans Sloane,
agreed to admit him to the Fellowship without exami-
nation, and without the payment of fees. The propo-
sition was submitted to the College, 26th June, 1732,
and Dr. James Sherard was admitted a Fellow at the
nextComitia, 30th September, 1732. He continued to
reside at Eltham, where he pursued his favourite occu-
pation the cultivation of valuable and rare plants a
curious catalogue of which was published by Dillenius
in 1732, under the title, " Hortus Elthamensis, sive Plan-
tarum Rariarum quas in Horto suo Elthami in Cantio
colligit vir ornatissimus et praestantissimus Jac. Sherard,
M.D. Reg. Soc. et Coll. Med. Lond. Soc.," &c., &c.
Dr. Sherard died, sine prole, 12th February, 1737-8,
leaving behind him 150,000. He was buried in the
church of Evington, near Leicester, where he possessed
much property. A marble tablet, with the following
epitaph, was erected by his widow in the chancel
M.S.
JACOBI SHERARD, M.D.
Colleg. Medic. Lond. efc Soc. Beg. Soc.
Viri multifari doctrina cultissimi,
in Rerum naturalium, Botanices imprimis, scientia
pene singularis,
et ne quid ad oblectandos amicos deesset
Artis Musicae peritissimi.
Accesserant illi in laudis cumulum
mores Christiani, vitae integritas,
et erga omnes comitas et benevolentia.
Obiit prid. Id. Feb. A.D. MDCCXXXVII.
Annos natus LXXIT.
EDMUND WATSON, M.D., was a doctor of medicine,
but of what university is not recorded. He practised
at Stockport, Cheshire, and was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College 30th April, 1733. His library
was sold at auction, by Leacroft, in 1776.
1734] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 129
JOHN COLLET, M.D., was born in London, and on the
3rd September, 1729, being then twenty years of age,
was entered on the physic line at Leyden, where he
graduated doctor of medicine in 1731 (D.M.I, de Peste,
4to.). He was admitted an Extra- Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 6th July, 1733, and settling at
Newbury, practised there with distinguished reputation
for nearly half a century. He died, universally re-
gretted, on the 12th May, 1780. Dr. Collet was a dis-
senter, and his funeral sermon was preached in a Pres-
byterian chapel in Newbury.
THOMAS WHITE, of Manchester, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th July,
1733.
JOHN CKESSWELL, of Edmonton, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College on the 27th of Septem-
ber, 1733.
CHARLES ASHENDEN was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College 19th October, 1733. He practised
at Durham.
HUGH OWEN, M.D., was educated at Leyden, where
on the 26th September, 1730, in the rectorship of Boer-
haave, he was entered on the physic line, being then
twenty- three years of age. He graduated doctor of me-
dicine at Rheims 17th October, 1733, and was admitted
an Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physicians 27th
February, 1733-4. He practised in Merionethshire.
JOHN EATON, M.D., a native of Cheshire, and a doctor
of medicine of Aberdeen, of 12th June, 1727, was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 8th
April, 1734. Dr. Eaton was elected physician to the
Middlesex hospital 6th July, 1749, and resigned that
office 4th July, 1751. He died in 1770.
WILLIAM MUSHEL MAYNARD, of Wigan, was admitted
VOL. II. K
130 ROLL OF THE [1735
an Extra-Licentiate of the College 25th July, 1734. He
died in May, 1737.
BROWNE LANGRISH, M.D. Of the birthplace, pa-
rentage, or education of this excellent practical physi-
cian, 1 can recover no particulars. He was certainly
practising as a surgeon at Petersfield, in Hampshire, in
1733, when his Essay on Muscular Motion was pub-
lished. He was still there on the 25th July, 1734,
when he was admitted an Extra- Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians, and began to practise as a physician.
He subsequently removed from Petersfield to Winches-
ter or Basingstoke (I am not sure which), and died at
the last-named town 12th November, 1759. Dr. Lang-
rish was elected a fellow of the Koyal Society 16th
May, 1734. From his own original experiments de-
tailed in one of the works mentioned below, with the
Aqua Lauro-Cerasi he saw reason to infer that it might
be beneficial in the treatment of disease. He may,
therefore, be credited with having in reality suggested
the employment of prussic acid as a remedy. He was
the author of
A New Essay on Muscular Motion, founded on Experiments,
Observations, and the Newtonian Philosophy. 870. Lond. 1733.
The Modern Theory and Practice of Physick, wherein the ante-
cedent Causes of Diseases ; the rise of the most Usual Symptoms
incident to them ; and the true Methods of Cure are explained. 8vo.
Lond. 1735.
Physical Experiments upon Brutes to discover a Method of dis-
solving Stone in the Bladder by Injections ; to which is added a
Course of Experiments with the Lauro-Cerasus ; on Fumes of Sul-
phur, &c. 8vo. Lond. 1746.
Plain Directions in regard to the Small Pox. 4to. Lond. 1758.
FRANCIS DOUCE, M.D., was bred a surgeon. Having
been disfranchised of the company of Barber Surgeons,
he was, on the 31st March, 1735, admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians. He was created doctor of
medicine by the university of Aberdeen 15th May, 1750,
and died at Hackney 16th September, 1760, aged
eighty-four. His portrait, on horseback, set. seventy-
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 131
five, was painted by W. Keable, and engraved by
McArdell.
WILLIAM WHITAKER, M.D., a native of Yorkshire,
was on the 1 7th September, 1717, entered on the physic
line at Ley den, and there in the following year he gra-
duated doctor of medicine (D.M.I, de Cantharidibus).
He was created doctor of medicine at Cambridge (comi-
tiis Regiis), 26th April, 1728 ; was admitted a Candi-
date of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1734,
and a Fellow 30th September, 1735. He was Censor
in 1738, and his name disappears from the College lists
in 1744.
JOHN GLANVILL, of St. Michael's, Cornwall, was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians
13th July, 1736. ,
HENRY BANYER, of Wisbeach, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College 30th July, 1736. He
was the author of the
Pharmacopaeia Pauperum; or, the Hospital Dispensatory, con
taining the chief medicines now used in the Hospitals of London.
12mo. Lond. 1721.
A Methodical Introduction to the Art of Surgery. 4to. Lond.
1717.
MATTHEW CLARKE, M.D., was born in London, and on
the 5th September, 1721, being then twenty years of
age, was entered on the physic line at Leyden. He
was created doctor of medicine at Cambridge (comitiis
Regiis) in 1728. He was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 30th September, 1735 ; a Fellow
30th September, 1736, and was Censor in 1743. Dr.
Clarke was elected physician to Guy's hospital 31st
March, 1732, and resigned that office 23rd January,
1754; soon after which he retired from practice, and
removed to Tottenham, where he died in November,
1778.
K 2
132 BOLL OF THE [1736
WILLIAM CLARK, M.D., a native of Wiltshire, was
educated at Leyden. He was entered on the physic
line there 19th November, 1726,being then twenty-eight
years of age, and he graduated doctor of medicine in
that university on the 31st July, 1727 (D.M.I, de Viribus
Animi pathematum in Corpus Hurnanum, 4to.). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1736. He practised in London for
some years ; but a favourable opening for a physician
having presented itself at Bradford, co. Wilts, he re-
moved thither in 1747. Dr. Clark retired from practice
in 1772, when he withdrew to Colchester, and died
there in or about the year 1780.
He was the author of
A Medical Dissertation concerning the Effects of the Passions on
Human Bodies. 8vo. Lond. 1753.
The Province of Midwives in the Practice of their Art, instructing
them in the timely knowledge of such difficulties as require the
timely assistance of Men for the Preservation of Mother and Child.
8vo. Lond. 1751.
ROBERT HOPWOOD, M.D., was born in Lancashire,
and educated at Christchurch, Oxford. He took the
two degrees in arts, A.B. 19th October, 1716; A.M.
19th October, 1719; and then, accumulating those in
physic, proceeded M.D. 5th July, 1726. He was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 22nd
December, 1735 ; a Fellow, 29th December, 1736 ; was
Censor in 1740 ; and Harveian orator in 1741. In 1745
Dr. Hopwood left London and settled at Manchester,
where he died 19th July, 1762.
BENJAMIN HOADLEY, M.D., was the eldest son of
Benjamin Hoadley, D.D., who died bishop of Winches-
ter in 1761. Our physician was born in Broad-street,
City, 10 February, 1705-6, and was educated at a school
kept by Dr. Newcome, of Hackney. He was entered
at Corpus Christi college, Cambridge, in 1722, as a
member of which house he proceeded M.B. in 1727, and
in April, 1728, was created doctor of medicine, comitiis
1736] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 133
Regiis. He then settled in London, was elected a fel-
low of the Royal Society, and admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1735 ; and a
Fellow, 29th December, 1736. He was Gulstonian lec-
turer in 1737, Censor in 1739, and Harveian orator in
1742. On the 28th April, 1735, Dr. Hoadley was
elected physician to St. George's hospital, and in 1736 to
the Westminster hospital, both of which appointments
he continued to hold for some years. That at the West-
minster hospital he resigned in 1746, and that at St.
George's in 1751. He was appointed physician to the
king's household in June, 1742, and physician to the
household of the prince of Wales in January, 1745-6.
Dr. Hoadley died in August, 1757. He was the author
of " The Suspicious Husband," a comedy : and he pub-
lished his Harveian oration, and his Gulstonian lectures
the latter on the Organs of Respiration, to which he
added an appendix, containing " Remarks on some Ex-
periments of Dr. Houlston, published in the Philosophi-
cal Transactions." This appendix is said by Haller to be
a very ingenious defence of a bad cause. Its author
is described by Haller as " elegantis ingenii vir, poeta
etiam comicus."*
THOMAS REEVE, M.D., was born in Middlesex, and
educated at Emmanuel college, Cambridge, as a member
of which he proceeded M.B. 1727, and M.D. 1732. He
had studied physic for some time at Leyden under Boer-
haave and Albinus, and was entered there 18th October,
1725. He was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 22nd December, 1735; and a Fellow 29th
December, 1736. He was Registrar from 1739 to 1741
inclusive ; Censor in 1741 and 1749 ; Elect, 19th Janu-
ary, 1750; Consiliarius, 1751, 1752, 1753; and Presi-
dent from 1754 to 1763 included. Dr. Reeve was
elected physician to St. Thomas's hospital in 1740, and
resigned that appointment in 1760. Dr. Reeve died at
* Bibliotb. Anat. vol. ii., p. 326.
134 BOLL OF THE [1737
his house in Throgmorton-street, 3rd October, 1780,
aged eighty. He was probably the author of
A Cure for the Epidemical Madness of drinking Tar Water. By
T. R. 8vo. Lond. 1744.
ROBERT BANKES, M.D., was born in London, and
educated at Eton, whence he was elected, in 1720, to
King's college, Cambridge, of which society he was a
fellow. He proceeded A.B. 1724 ; A.M. 1728 ; M.D.
1735 ; and the same year was appointed professor of
anatomy in the university. He was admitted a Candi-
date of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1736 ;
and a Fellow 25th June, 1737 ; was Gulstonian lec-
turer in 1738 ; Censor in 1739 ; and Harveian orator
in 1743. Dr. Bankes was chosen physician to
Christ's hospital in April, 1737, and died in November,
1746.
AMBROSE DAWSON, M.D., was born in Yorkshire, and
was the son of William Dawson, of Langcliff, esq., by
his wife Jane, a daughter of the ancient family of Pud-
sey, of Bolton, in that county. He was educated at
Christ's college, Cambridge. He proceeded M.B. 1730 ;
M.D. 1735 ; was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1736; and a Fellow, 25th June,
1737. He was Censor in 1740, 1746, 1751, 1756 ;
Harveian orator in 1744 ; Elect, 9th April, 1750 ; and
Consiliarius, 1755, 1756, 1757, 1759. He was elected
physician to St. George's hospital, 27th April, 1745,
and retained that office until 1760. "He resided in
Grosvenor-street, where he practised in a very unosten-
tatious way, and was a most charitable man. Upon his
leaving London about 1776, to reside at Lancliif hall,
and when presents of plate were not quite so frequent
as they are now, he received from the parish of St.
George, Hanover-square, a magnificent tea-urn in the
fashion of the time, with an inscription which may be
considered a volume in a few words. ' The parish of
1737] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 135
St. George Hanover-square bo Ambrose Dawson esquire.
M.D. Infirmus et visitastis me.' "*
Lancliff hall not agreeing with him, Dr. Dawson
eventually removed to Liverpool, where he died after a
short illness, on the 23rd December, 1794, in his
eighty-eighth year, being then the senior fellow of our
college. He was buried at Bolton. We have from his
pen
Thoughts on the Hydrocephalus Interims. 8vo. Lond. 1778.
Observations on Hydatids in the Heads of Cattle. 8vo. Lond.
1778.
SAMUEL HORSMAN, M.D. A native of Middlesex,
was entered on the physic line at Leyden 7th Sep-
tember, 1719, aged twenty-one, and graduated doctor
of medicine there in 1721 (D.M.I, de Calculo Renum
et Vesicse, 4to.). He was created doctor of medicine
at Cambridge (comitiis Regiis) 25th June, 1728. Dr.
Horsman was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1736, and a Fellow 30th
September, 1737. He was Censor in 1741, 1748, 1751 ;
Treasurer from 1746 to 1751 inclusive ; and Elect 4th
March, 1751. He died 22nd November, 1751.
JOSEPH LETHERLAND, M.D., was born in Warwick-
shire, and received his medical education at Leyden.
He was inscribed on the books of that university
30th September, 1722, and attended the lectures of S
Boerhaave, Albinus, and Oosterdijk Schacht. He pro-
ceeded doctor of medicine there in 1724 (Spec. Inaug.
Veterum. Medicorum sententias de Phrenitide curanda
complectens, 4to.). He was created doctor of medicine
at Cambridge, by royal mandate, 9th April, 1736 ; was }
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1736 ; and a Fellow 30th September, 1737.
He was Censor 1742, 1749 ; Consiliarius, 1757 ; and
was named an Elect 28th April, 1757. Dr. Letherland
was a man of deep and very extensive learning, but of
* Gent. Mag.. June, 1841.
136 ROLL OF THE [1737
retired habits, and very little known even in his own
profession, although he contributed by his literary in-
formation to the popularity of more than one of his
colleagues. Much of the valuable matter in Dr. Fother-
gill's Account of the Putrid Sore Throat, Loncl., 1748,
is generally allowed to have been derived from Dr.
Letheiland. He was much esteemed by Dr. Heberden,
and in 1761, when that physician's extensive practice
made it inconvenient for him to accept the appointment
of physician to the queen, the king, who had always
shown towards Dr. Heberden the greatest esteem and
regard, readily adopted his disinterested recommenda-
tion of Dr. Letherland, who was thereupon appointed
to the situation. Dr. Letherland was elected physician
to St. Thomas's hospital in 1736, and resigned that
office in 1759. He died on the 31st of March, 1764,
and was buried in the church of St. Mary Alderman-
bury, where there is a plain tablet with the following
inscription :
In memory of
JOSEPH LETHERLAND, late of this parish, M.D.
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians,
One of the physicians to the Queen,
And some time one of the physicians to St. Thomas's Hospital.
He was born at Stratford-npon-Avon, A.D. 1699,
And departed this life March 31, 1764;
Not less eminent for the integrity of his heart,
And benevolence of his disposition,
Than for his knowledge in all parts of polite and useful literature.*
He was the author of
* " Inter erudites non praetereundus est Letberlandus, senio
defunctus post vitam literatam civibus suis utilissimam. Hnic
debemus, ni fallor, notas quasdam breves, quibus refelleret calum-
niam a viro doctissimo, iisque non indigno, medicis Bomanis illa-
tam. Sed quod majoris est momenti, ipse nostratium primus
faucium ulcera gangreenosa animadvertit, felicemque medendi ra-
tionem non casu, sed e libris, Hispaniornm preecipue, diligenter
perlectis et observationibus collatis investigatam, cum Collegis suis
communicavit." Oratio Harveiana anno MDCCLXV habita, auctore
Tbo. Healde.
1738] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 137
Notae breves in Diss : de Medicorum apud Romanes conditione a
C. Middleton editam. 8vo. Lond. 1726.
RENALD COMARQUE, M.D., was a native of Middle-
sex, educated at Corpus Christi college, Cambridge. He
studied physic at Leyden,andwas inscribed on the books
of that university, 2 6th October, 171 9, being then twenty-
one years of age. He proceeded M.B. at Cambridge in
1728, and was the same year created doctor of medi-
cine, comitiis Regiis. He was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 30th September, 1736, and a
Fellow 30th September, 1737. His name disappears
from the list in 1742.
CHARLES COTES, M.D., was the second son of John
Cotes, of Woodcote, Shropshire, esquire, by his wife,
lady Dorothy Shirley. He was entered at Magdalen
hall, Oxford, of which his uncle, Digby Cotes, D.D. was
then principal, and as a member of that house took
the degree of A.B. 27th June, 1723. Elected a fellow
of All Souls' college, he removed thither, and proceeded
B.C.L. 27th October, 1727; D.C.L. 1st July, 1732.
On the 24th November, 1736, he was created doctor of
medicine at Oxford by diploma ; was admitted a Candi-
date of the College of Physicians 4th April, 1737 ; and
a Fellow 27th March, 1738. Dr. Cotes delivered the
Gulstonian lectures in 1739, the Harveian oration in
1745, and was Censor in 1743. He was elected phy-
sician to the Westminster hospital in 1733, and re-
tained his office until 1739. Dr. Cotes married Wil-
liamina, the only daughter of Cheselden, the surgeon.
He was returned a member of parliament for the bo-
rough of Tamworth in 1734, and again in 1741 ; and he
died without issue 21st March, 1748.
HENRY EICHARDSON, M.D., was the son of John
Richardson of Alnwick, an Extra- Licentiate of the Col-
lege already mentioned, and was born there about 1713.
He was a doctor of medicine of Leyden, of 1735
138 BOLL OF THE [1738
(D.M.I, de efficaci& Exercitationum in sanitate tuenda,
4 to.), then practising at Alnwick,in Northumberland, and
was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College on the
28th of June, 1738. He survived just half a century,
dying on the 18th March, 1788, aged seventy-five. His
eldest son James, baptized at Alnwick 2nd August,
1745, was bred a physician: he graduated at Edin-
burgh in 1770, and settled at Wakefield.
ADDISON HUTTON, M.D., was the last heir male of
an ancient family in Cumberland, the Buttons of Gale
and of Hutton hall, Penrith, who trace back to Adam de
Hoton, in the reign of Edward I. He was of Queen's
college, Oxford, and proceeded A.B. 5th July, 1731 ;
A.M. 4th July, 1732 ; M.B. 8th July, 1734 ; M.D. 8th
July, 1737. He was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 30th September, 1737 ; and a Fel-
low 30th September, 1738. Dr. Hutton was one of the
physicians to St. George's hospital, to which office he
was elected 22nd October, 1736. He died 30th March,
1742.
WILLIAM BEDFORD, M.D., was the eldest son of Hil-
kiah Bedford, A.M., by his wife Alice, a daughter of
William Cooper, esq. He was educated at St. John's
college, Cambridge, and proceeded A.B. in 1721, A.M.
1725. He entered himself on the physic line at Ley den
10th September, 1727. In 1737 he was created doctor
of medicine at Cambridge by royal mandate, and then
settling in London was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 30th September, 1737, and a Fel-
low 30th September, 1738. He delivered the Gulsto-
nian lectures in 1740 ; was Censor in 1742 and 1745,
and Registrar in 1745 and 1746. Dr. Bedford was ap-
pointed physician to Christ's hospital in November 1746.
He died 10th July, 1747, and is commemorated by the
following inscription in the church of St. Nicholas, Cold
Abbey :
1738] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 139
GDLIELMO BEDFORD, M.D.
Coll. Med. Soc. et Registr., R.S.S.
et in Orphanotrophio .5M. Christi Med. ;
Viro probitate, prudentia, et modestissimis moribus conspicuo :
cui etiam id maxime tribuendum est laudis,
quod tanta esset mentis solertia,
Tit rebus gerandis natus, ingenio tarn amabili,
ut ad amicitiae et humanitatis officia ornanda
proprio quodam naturae munere factus videretur :
qui, cuin multa linguarum ac rerum scientia,
et assiduo virtutum socialium studio,
suam pariter artem nomenque cohonestasset,
Anno astatis 42, febre correptus,
uxori, consanguineis, amicis desideratissimus,
obiit die x. Julii, A.D. 1747.
Elizabetha conjux mcestissima P.
He was the intimate friend of Thomas Hearne, the anti-
quary, who, according to the " Gentleman's Magazine,"*
" left his MSS., which are very numerous, to Dr. William
Bedford, physician in London."
SAMUEL JOHNSON, A.M., was the son of Samuel John-
son, gent., and was born in Canterbury. He was edu-
cated at the grammar school there under Mr. Le Hunt ;
and on the 3rd July, 1727, when seventeen years of age,
was admitted a pensioner of St. John's college, Cam-
bridge, as a member of which he proceeded A.B. 1730 ;
A.M. 1738. He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 25th October, 1738. He prac-
tised at Canterbury, and, dying there 20th June, 1763,
was buried on the 24th at St. Mary's Northgate, in that
city.
WILLIAM BATTIE, M.D., was born at Modbury, in
the county of Devon, in 1704, and was the son of
the rev. Edward Battie, vicar of that place, formerly an
assistant master at Eton, whom he had the misfortune
to lose in September, 1714, when only ten years old.
He was educated at Eton, where his mother resided
after her husband's death, in order to assist her son
with those necessary accommodations which the narrow-
* Vol. v, p. 333.
140 ROLL OF THE [1738
ness of her finances would not permit her to provide in
any other way. He is said to have manifested much
industry and desire for advancement at Eton, and in
the year 1722 was transferred to King's college, Cam-
bridge, where he succeeded in obtaining a scholar-
ship, upon the nomination of the earl of Craven. His
inclination would have led him to the bar, but circum-
stances concurring to frustrate his wishes, he applied
himself to physic. He proceeded A.B. in 1726, and
A.M. in 1730, and then, obtaining a licence ad prac-
ticandum from the university, commenced practice at
Cambridge, and delivered lectures there on anatomy,
which were well attended, and among others, by Horace
Walpole. Shortly before this he had published " Iso-
cratis Orationes Septem et Epistolse : codicibus MSS.
nonnullis et impressis melioris notae exemplaribus col-
latis varias lectiones subjicit, versionem novam no-
tasque ex Hieronymo Wolfio notissimum desumptas
adjecit Gul : Battie Coll : Reg : Cantab : Socius." This
publication exposed him both then and subsequently to
some very satirical remarks.
A fair opening for a physician presenting itself at
Uxbridge, he left Cambridge and settled there. The
provost of Eton, Dr. Godolphin, held him in much es-
teem, and took a singular manner of evincing it. Upon
Battie's fixing in practice at Uxbridge, the provost sent
his carriage and four horses for him as a patient ; but
when the doctor sat down to write his prescription, the
provost, then ninety-four years of age, raising himself
up, said, " You need not trouble yourself to write ; I
only sent for you to give you credit in the neighbour-
hood." Battie's success at Uxbridge was considerable,
and he succeeded in laying by some money, to which
was added some time afterwards a bequest of 20,OOOZ.
from a relative. He took his degree of doctor of medi-
cine at Cambridge in 1 737, and the same year removed
to London. He was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 22nd December, 1737 ; arid a Fellow
22nd December, 1738 ; was Censor in 1743, 1747, 1749 ;
1738] ROYAL COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS. 141
Harveian orator in 1746 ; Elect, 22nd May, 1755; Con-
siliarius, 1758, 1760, 1763 ; and President in 1764. In
November, 1749, he was appointed Lumleian lecturer,
and held that office for five years, when he was suc-
ceeded by Dr. Lawrence. The substance of some of
these lectures he published under the title
De Principiis Animalibus Exercitationes in Collegio. Reg. Medi-
corum Loud, liabitae. 4to. Lond. 1757.
Dr. Battie was physician to St. Luke's hospital, and
was proprietor of a large private asylum. His practice
seems to have been limited almost exclusively to in-
sanity. In 1758 he published "A Treatise on Madness,"
4to. Lond., in which, having thrown out some censures
on the practice formerly pursued at Bethlem hospital,
he was answered and severely animadverted on by Dr.
John Monro, in a pamphlet entitled " Remarks on Dr.
Battie's Treatise on Madness." This reply contained a
defence of the writer's father, who had been lightly
spoken of in Battie's work. In 1762 he published
" Aphorismi de Cognoscendis et Curandis Morbis non-
nullis ad Principia Animalia accommodati ;" and in
the following year he was examined before the House
of Commons on the state of private madhouses in this
kingdom, and received in the printed report, testimony
highly honourable to his professional attainments. He
resigned his office at St. Luke's hospital in April, 1764,
and died, from the effects of a paralytic stroke, on the
13th June, 1776. The night he expired, conversing
with his servant, who attended on him as nurse, he
said, " Young man, you have heard, no doubt, how
great are the terrors of death. This night will pro-
bably afford you some experiment ; but may you learn
and may you profit by the example, that a conscien-
tious endeavour to perform his duty through life will
ever close a Christian's eyes with comfort and tranquil-
lity." He soon afterwards departed without a struggle
or a groan. He was buried by his own direction at
Kingston, in Surrey, " as near as possible to his wife "
142 BOLL OF THE [1738
(a daughter of Barnham Goode, of Kingston, for seve-
ral years under-master of Eton school,) " without any
monument or memorial whatever."
Dr. Battie, who is said by Horace Walpole in a
letter to lady Ossory, to have died worth 100, OOO/., had
during his life endowed a scholarship of 2,01. per annum
at King's college, Cambridge, now known as Dr. Battie's
foundation, and by his will gave 100/. to St. Luke's
hospital, and WOl. to the Corporation for the Relief of
the Widows and Children of Clergymen. Dr. Battie's
character was sketched in a few words as follows by
Judge Hardinge in his Latin life of his father ;
" Battius, faber fortunes suse, vir egregise fortitudinis et
perseverantiae, medicus perspicax, doctus, et eruditus,
integritatis castissimae, fideique in amicitiis perspectae."*
The doctor, at that time one of the Censors, took a
very active part against Dr. Schomberg, in the proceed-
ings between the College and that physician ; and the
commencement of the lengthened and expensive liti-
gation in which the College became involved, was appa-
rently essentially due to him. Battie's part became
generally known, and he was severely characterised in
" The Battiad," a satirical poem, said to have been
written by Moses Mendez, Paul Whitehead, and Dr.
Schomberg :
First Battus came, deep read in worldly art,
Whose tongue ne'er knew the secrets of his heart ;
In mischief mighty, tho' but mean of size,
And, like the Tempter, ever in disguise.
See him, with aspect grave and gentle tread,
By slow degrees approach the sickly bed ;
Then at his Club behold him alter'd soon
The solemn doctor turns a low Buffoon,
And he, who lately in a learned freak
Poach'd every Lexicon and publish' d Greek,
Still madly emulous of vulgar praise,
From Punch's forehead wrings the dirty bays.
Eccentricity was strongly marked throughout the
whole of Dr. Battie's career. Many strange and amus-
* N. Hardinge's Poems, p. 17.
1739] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 143
ing anecdotes concerning him are on record, but my
limited space compels me to pass them over. " He was
of eccentric habits, singular in his dress, sometimes
appearing like a labourer, and doing strange things.
Notwithstanding his peculiarities, he is to be looked
upon as a man of learning, of benevolent spirit, humour,
inclination to satire, and considerable skill in his pro-
fession."*
CHARLES PETERS, M.D., was of Christ church, Oxford,
as a member of which he proceeded A.B. 3rd December,
1713, and A.M. 15th June, 1724. Elected Kadcliffe
travelling fellow in July, 1725, he passed some years
upon the continent, arid, accumulating his degrees in
physic, proceeded M.D. as a member of University col-
lege, 8th November, 1732. He was admitted a Candi-
date of the College of Physicians 27th March, 1738,
and a Fellow 16th April, 1739. Dr. Peters in 1733
was appointed physician extraordinary to the king, and
in 1739 he succeeded Dr. Hollings as physician-general
to the army. He was elected physician to St. George's
hospital 28th April, 1735, and resigned his office there
(probably on account of ill-health) in February, 1746.
He was Censor in 1744 ; but indisposition obliging him
to go into the country, Dr. Reeve was nominated in his
place 8th April, 1745. His name disappears from the
list in 1746.
ANDREW LAVINGTON, M.D., was born in Exeter, and
on the 3rd September, 1736, being then twenty years of
age, was entered on the physic line at Leyden, where he
took the degree of doctor of medicine in 1739 (D.M.I,
de Ferro). He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 1st August, 1739, and then set-
tled at Tavistock, co. Devon, where he practised for
many years with considerable success. He died there
12th October, 1782.
* Nichol's Literary Anecdotes and Jesse's Memoirs of Celebrated
Etonians. Vol. i, p. 18, et seq.
144 KOLL OF THE [1739
RUSSELL PLUMTRE, M.D., " of Notts," was admitted
a pensioner of Queen's college, Cambridge, 12th June,
1728, and of that house he subsequently became a fel-
low. He proceeded M.B. 1733, M.D. 1738 ; was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1738 ; and a Fellow 1st October, 1739. He
was appointed Regius professor of physic at Cambridge
in 1741, and filled that chair for more than half a cen-
tury. Dr. Plumtre died 15th October, 1793, aged
eighty-four, having then been for many years father of
the university, and the longest resident that had then
been known.
JAMES HAWLEY, M.D., was descended from a family
which had been long settled in Somersetshire. He was
entered first at St. Mary's hall, Oxford, as a member of
which he took the degree of A.B. 23rd January, 1727 ;
but then removing to Oriel, proceeded A.M. 30th June,
1731 ; M.B. 26th June, 1733 ; M.D. 13th December,
1737. He was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 22nd December, 1738 ; a Fellow, 22nd De-
cember, 1739 ; was Gulstonian lecturer in 1741 ; Har-
veian orator in 1747 ; Censor, 1744, 1747, 1751, 1754 ;
Elect, 3rd December, 1751 ; and Consiliarius, 1756,
1759, 1764. Dr. Hawley was elected physician to the
Westminster hospital in 1739, and resigned his ap-
pointment there in 1750. He died 22nd December,
1777, and was buried in a vault he had built for him-
self and family in the church of Leyborne, co. Kent.
His monument bears the following inscription :
In a vault underneath,
are deposited the ^emains of
JAMES HAWLEY, Doctor of Physick,
who died at the Grange in. this parish,
on the 22nd day of December, 1777,
in the seventy-third year of his age.
And also ELIZABETH,
the wife of the said JAMES,
who was one of the daughters of Joseph Banks, Esq.,
of Revesby Abbey, in the county of Lincoln.
She died the 27th November, 1766,
1740] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 145
in the forty-seventh year of her age,
and was buried at Isleworth, in the county of Middlesex,
but was afterwards removed to this vault.
MATTHEW MORLEY, M.D. On the 13th November,
1724, being then twenty-three years of age, he was
entered on the physic line at Leyden, and graduated
doctor of medicine there in 1728 (U.M.I, de Pronuvio
Muliebri, 4to.). He was created doctor of medicine at
Cambridge, by royal mandate, in 1739; and was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians, 22nd
December, 1738 ; and a Fellow, 3 1st March, 1740. He
died at Kenuington 17th March, 1785.
MICHAEL CONNEL, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Rheims of 21st September, 1724 ; was admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1740.
He died in 1764, and was buried in old St. Pancras
churchyard.
CHARLES CHAUNCEY, M.D., was a grandson of Icha-
bod Chauncey, an Extra-Licentiate of the College be-
fore mentioned, and the eldest son of Mr. Charles
Chauncey, citizen of London, by his wife Martha, the
daughter of Philip Brown, esq,, of New Beckenham.
Educated at one of the public city schools, he proceeded
thence in 1727 to Corpus Christi college, Cambridge,
as a member of which he graduated M.B. in 1734, M.D.
in 1739. He was admitted a Candidate of the College
of Physicians 1st October, 1739, and a Fellow 30th Sep-
tember, 1740. He was Censor in 1746. He died s. p.
25th December, 1777, and was buried in St. Peter's
church, Cornhill. Dr. Chauncey was a fellow of the
Royal and Antiquarian societies. He left a very valua-
ble library, which devolved on his brother, Nathaniel
Chauncey, himself an ardent collector of books. The
united libraries of the two brothers, both " very able
scholars and able bibliomaniacs," was sold at auction, by
Leigh and Sotheby, in April, 1790. To Dr. Chauncey
the College are indebted for the fine paintings of Sir
VOL. II. L
146 ROLL OF THE [1740
Samuel Garth and Dr. Mead, the one in the Censors'
room, the other in the dining-room. For the former,
thanks were voted 30th September, 1763 ; for the latter,
25th June, 1759. Dr. Chauncey's portrait, by Cotes,
was engraved by C. Watson.
THEOPHILUS LOBB, M.D.,was descended from a highly
respectable family in Cornwall. His grandfather,
Richard Lobb, had served the office of high sheriff of
Cornwall, and in the year 1659 was returned member
of parliament for the borough of St. Michael's. Dr.
Lobb was born in London 17th August, 1678, and was
the son of Mr. Stephen Lobb, the pastor of a congrega-
tion of Independent dissenters in London. From his
childhood he had evinced a partiality for the study of
physic, but he was nevertheless educated for the minis-
try. In 1702 he settled as a dissenting minister at
Guildford, and there made the acquaintance and culti-
vated the friendship of an intelligent medical prac-
titioner, from whom he seems to have derived no small
amount of medical instruction. After a residence of
about four years at Guildford, he removed to Shaftes-
bury, where he remained about six years, and began ac-
tually to practise as a physician. In 1713 he removed
to Yeovil, his residence in which town was marked by
the prosperity of his worldly circumstances, and the
success and reputation which accrued to his practice as
a physician. He still continued in his ministerial du-
ties ; but it was even then predicted by some of his
flock, that the doctor would spoil the divine, the conse-
quence of which would be that he would eventually lay
down the ministry. Owing to dissensions in his congre-
gation at Yeovil, Mr. Lobb, in 1722, removed to Witham,
in Essex, and remained for about ten years in the con-
joint exercise of ministerial and medical functions. He
was admitted a fellow of the Ptoyal Society 13th March,
1728-9. In or about the year 1736, he resolved to de-
vote himself exclusively to physic. He had been created
doctor of medicine by the university of Glasgow as
1740] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 147
early as the 26th June, 1722 ; and on the 30th Sep-
tember, 1740, he was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians. He practised in London ; and dying
on the 19th May, 1763, in the eighty-fifth year of his
age, was buried in Bunhill-fields. Haller says of him :
" Vir pius et simplex, practica laude celebratus.""* His
portrait, by N. Brown, was engraved by I. Hulitt. Dr.
Lobb was a voluminous writer ; the following is, I be-
lieve, an accurate list of his medical publications :
A Treatise of the Small-pox. 8vo. Lond. 1731.
Rational Methods of Curing Fevers. 8vo. Lond. 1734.
Medical Practice in curing Fevers exemplified in many Cases.
8vo. Lond. 1735.
A Treatise on Dissolvents of the Stone, and on Curing the Stone
and Grout by Aliment. 8vo. Lond. 1739.
An Address to the Faculty on Miss Stephens's Medicaments.
8vo. Lond. 1739.
A Treatise on Painful Distempers, their Causes and Remedies.
8vo. Lond. 1739.
Letters concerning the Plague, showing the Means to Preserve
People from Infection, &c. 8vo. Lond. 1745.
A Compendium of the Practice of Physic. 8vo. Lond. 1747.
Medical Principles and Cautions. 8vo. Lond. 1753.
Letters on the Sacred Predictions. 8vo. Lond. 1761.
The Good Samaritan; or, Useful Family Physician. Selected
from his Publications. 8vo. Lond.
The Practice of Physic in general, as delivered in a Course of
Lectures on the Theory of Diseases, and the proper Method of Treat-
ing them. Published from his own MSS. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond.
1771.
EDWARD HODY, M.D., was descended from a Devon-
shire family, the Hodys of Netheway, in Brixham. He
was entered as a medical student at Leyden, 9th Sep-
tember, 1719, being then twenty-one years of age, and
went through a full course of medical study there ; but
he graduated doctor of medicine at Bheims 5th October,
1723. He was admitted a fellow of the Boyal Society
22nd March, 1732-3, and a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1740. Dr. Hody was one
of the physicians to St. George's hospital, and died at
his house in Hanover-square 1st November, 1759. He
* Biblioth. Anat., vol. ij, p. 271.
L 2
148 ROLL OF THE [1741
edited and revised " Cases in Midwifery," by Mr. Gif-
fard. 8vo. Lond. 1734 ; and was the author of
An Attempt to Reconcile all Differences between the present Fel-
lows and Licentiates of the Royal College of Physicians of London.
8vo. Lond. 1752.
THOMAS ADDAMS, M.D., was of Trinity college, Cam-
bridge, as a member of which he proceeded M.B. in
1734 ; M.D. 1739. He was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 30th September, 1740 ; a
Fellow, 30th September, 1741 ; and was Censor in
1745, 1750, 1752. Dr. Addams was elected physician
to St. Thomas's hospital in 1749, and resigned that
office in 1759, when he was succeeded by the poet
Akenside. He died 26th April, 1785, and was buried
in the church of St. Lawrence, Reading. His memorial
characterises him as " a most tender husband, an affec-
tionate father, and a sincere friend."
JOHN GREEN, of Eltham, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College llth November, 1741.
JOHN ANDREE,M.D. A doctor of medicine of Rheims
of 12th June, 1739; was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1741. He was
mainly instrumental in establishing the London hospital,
of which institution he was the senior, and for a time
only, physician. Nominated to that office 21st Oc-
tober, 1740, he resigned it 5th September, 1764, and
thenceforward declined practice. Dr. Andree died in
Hatton-garden 4th February, 1785, aged eighty-seven
years, being then the senior Licentiate of the College.
He was the author of
An Account of the Tilbury Water. 8vo. Lond. 1737.
Cases of Epilepsy, Hysteric Pits, and St. Vitus's Dance, with the
Process of Cure. 8vo. Lond. 1746. Republished in 1753, with
additional Cases of the Bite of a Mad Dog, and a successful Method
of Cure.
Observations upon a Treatise on the Virtues of Hemlock in the
Cure of Cancers. 8vo. Lond. 1761.
1742] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 149
GEORGE THOMSON, M.D., a doctor of medicine of
Aberdeen, was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 15th January, 1741-2. He prac-
tised at Maidstone, and was the author of
The Anatomy of the Human Bones, with an Account of Muscular
Motion, Circulation, Digestion, and Nutrition. 8vo. Lond. 1734.
A Short Method of Discovering the Virtues of Plants. 8vo.
Lond. 1734.
Of the Four Senses. 8vo. Lond. 1734.
The Art of Dissecting Human Bodies in a Plain, Easy, and Com-
pendious Method. Translated from the Latin of Lyserus. 8vo.
Lond. 1740.
BENJAMIN: BOSANQUET, A.M., was descended from a
family of Luiiel in Languedoc, some members of which
sought refuge in England on the revocation of the edict
of Nantes. He was the fourth son of David Bosanquet,
one of these refugees, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of
Claude Hayes, esq. He was educated at Trinity col-
lege, Cambridge, and became a fellow of that house.
He proceeded A.B. 1730; A.M. 1734. On the 2nd
October, 1737, being then twenty-eight years of age, he
was entered on the physic line at Ley den. He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th
April, 1742 ; and died 22nd December, 1755.
JAMES MACDONALD. Admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 25th June, 1742. He practised
midwifery, and died 8th October, 1747.
RICHARD EUSSELL, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Rheims of 7th January, 1738, then practising at Ware,
co. Herts ; was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College 23rd July, 1742. He subsequently removed to
Beading, and died there 5th July, 1771. He published
a letter to Dr. Addington on his refusal to join in
consultation with a physician licensed by the College in
London. 8vo. Lond. 1749.
JOHN SUTTON, M.D. A doctor of medicine, but of
150 BOLL OF THE [1744
what university is not stated ; was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College 10th December, 1742. He
practised at Leicester. His only literary production
was-
Memoirs of the Life and Writings of the late Rev. John Jackson,
&c. 8vo. Lond. 1764.
WILLIAM WOODHOUSE, M.D., was entered on the
physic line at Leyden 26th September, 1735, aged
twenty-five, and proceeded doctor of medicine there,
24th September, 1736 (D.M.I, de Fluore Albo Muliebri,
4to.). Dr. Woodhouse was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 24th December, 1742.
He practised at Leicester.
GEORGE PILE, M.D., was a doctor of medicine of St.
Andrew's, of llth November, 1741, and was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June,
1743. He died in 1753. His portrait is at Apothe-
caries' hall.
GEORGE KELLEY, of Tmibridge Wells, was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 27th
September, 1743.
KF.RVIN WRIGHT, M.D, A doctor of medicine of
Aberdeen, of 31st August, 1744 ; was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College 17th September, 1744.
He practised at Norwich.
THOMAS LAWRENCE, M.D., was the second son of
capt. Thomas Lawrence, R.N., by his wife Elizabeth,
daughter of Mr. Gabriel Soulden, merchant, of Kinsale,
in Ireland, and widow of colonel Piers, and was born in
the parish of St. Margaret's, Westminster, on the 25th
May, 1711.* His preliminary education, which was
" Dr. Lawrence is said to have been the grandson of another
Dr. Thomas Lawrence, who was first physician to queen Anne, and
physician-general to the army. He lived to a great age and held
1744] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 151
commenced in Dublin, was completed at the grammar
school of Southampton, under the Rev. Mr. Kingsman.
In October, 1727, he was admitted a commoner of
Trinity college, Oxford, and as a member of that house
proceeded A.B. 7th November, 1730 ; A.M. 25th May,
1733 ; when, devoting himself to physic, he removed to
London and attended the anatomical lectures of Dr.
Frank Nicholls, and the practice of St. Thomas's hos-
pital. He took the degree of M.B. 14th May, 1736 ;
M.D. 17th October, 1740 ; and on the resignation of
Dr. Nicholls was chosen anatomy reader in the univer-
sity of Oxford. He continued in this office for several
years, but resided in London, where he also delivered
lectures on anatomy. In 1750, Dr. Lawrence ceased
lecturing, and devoted himself entirely to practice. He
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1743; a Fellow, 1st October, 1744;
was Gulstonian Lecturer in 1744 ; Censor, 1746, 1752,
1753, 1757, 1759 ; and Registrar from 1747 to 1766
inclusive. He delivered the Harveian oration in 1748 ;
the Croonian lectures in 1751 ; and was appointed
Lumleian lecturer in December, 1755. Dr. Lawrence
was named an Elect 7th May, 1759 ; was Consiliarius
1760, 1761, 1763 ; and was elected President of the
College in 1767. To this office he was annually re-
elected for seven consecutive years.
Few men have been more respected by the College ;
none, probably, by their attainments were better quali-
fied for practice than Dr. Lawrence ; yet as a physician
he made but little progress. He was an elegant clas-
sical scholar, a good anatomist, and a sound prac-
titioner ; but in his endeavour to attain to eminence it
was his misfortune to fail. " He was a man/' says Sir
John Hawkins, " of whom in respect of his piety, learn-
ing, and skill in his profession, it may be almost said
appointments under four successive princes, beginning with Charles
II, by whom he was appointed physician to the garrison at Tangier,
part of the dowry of queen Catherine." Gent's. Mag., vol. Ivii,
part i, p. 191.
152 ROLL OF THE [1744
the world was not worthy, inasmuch as it suffered his
talents for the whole of his life to remain in a great mea-
sure unemployed, and himself to end his days in sorrow
and obscurity. He was above the art by which popu-
larity is acquired, and had besides some personal de-
fects and habits which stood in his way a vacuity of
countenance very unfavourable to an opinion of his
learning or sagacity, and certain convulsive motions of
the head and shoulders that gave pain to the beholder,
and drew off attention from all that he said."
Dr. Lawrence was the physician and intimate friend
of our great lexicographer, Johnson, and was never men-
tioned by him but in terms of the highest respect and
admiration. " Lawrence," said Johnson, " is one of the
best men whom I have known. He was a man of strict
piety and profound learning, but little skilled in the
knowledge of life or manners, and died without ever
having enjoyed the reputation he so justly deserved."
To console him under some family disappointment, John-
son addressed to him a fine Latin ode, which is inserted
in his works. In January, 1780, Dr. Lawrence lost his
wife, a bereavement from which he never recovered.
This sad event is memorable in our literary history, as
it gave occasion to one of the finest letters which John-
son ever wrote. Soon after this Dr. Lawrence lost his
hearing, and in the early part of 1782 was struck with
paralysis. He resigned his place of Elect 25th March
of that year, and in the June following withdrew with
his family to Canterbury. His mind eventually gave
way. He died honoured and lamented by all who knew
him, on the 6th June, 1783, aged seventy-two, and was
buried in the church of St. Margaret, Canterbury. A
tablet in Canterbury cathedral bears the following in-
scription :
M.S.
THOMAS LAURENCE, M.D.
Qui ad stndia, quaa virum liberaliter eductum medicinae
aptiorem faciunt, ipsa quae faciunt Medicum adjunxit.
Ilium adhuc juvenum ad se allexit optimum salutaris artis
f undamen, Anatomia :
1744] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 153
hanc aetate provectior toto pectore excepit :
hanc altius subtiliusque in Oxonio suo excoluit :
hanc denique in medium protulit,
atque ex cathedra illustravit.
Ad usum medendi vocatus, munere suo functus est
Diligenter et Honeste :
In morbis dignoscendis acutus, in curandis simplex :
Nihil interim sibi laudis arrogabat,
nee gloriolae appetens nee lucelli ;
In scriptis suis puritatem integram Latini sermonis attigit,
rem suam omneiu ornate explicans,
eamque nee impeditam verbis, nee brevitate obscuram :
In communi vita victusque consortio facilis, modestus, affabilis :
nunquam se aliis praeponens, neminem sibi adversum habuit.
In collegio Medicorum Londinensi onera qua3vis,
non secus ac honores, aequa mente sustinuit,
in Registrarium, in Praalectorem saapius,
in Praasidem per octennium electus.
Accedente senecta morbo tentatus est insanabili ac diuturno ;
nihilominus tamen beatus ille, etiam ante obitum,
vere dici potuit, cui nnicum mali solamen adfuit,
vitae bene acta3 conscientia.
Natus est Patre classis Britannicae Navarcho ;
Uxorem duxit Franciscam Caroli Chauncy Medici Derbiensis
filiam, ex qua novem liberos suscepit :
Quorum Grulielmus Chauncy in Indiis Orientalibus,
Carolus apud Lyme Regis in Comitatu Dorsetensi, decesserunt ;
FranciscaHarrietta et Johannes eodem quo pater tumulo clauduntur ;
Tres alii tenera aetate abrepti fuerunt.
Superstites Hoc monumentum posuere.
Obiit 6 Die Junii A.D. 1783
cum duos et septuaginta annos complevisset ;
et sepultus est in vicina aede Parochiali
Sanctae Margaretas.
Dr. Lawrence was the author of the " Life of Har-
vey," prefixed to the College edition, in quarto, of that
great man's works, and on the 3rd March, 1766, was
voted 100 for his services to the College in this re-
spect. He also wrote the life of his friend and patron,
Dr. Frank Nicholls ; and to him we owe the following
works, all of them in the choicest Latin :
De Hydrope Disputatio Medica. 12mo. Lond. 1756.
This is an interesting and amusing book, written in
very choice Latin. It purports to be a dialogue between
the great Harvey, Sir George Ent, and Dr. Hamey ;
154 ROLL OF THE [1744
the two latter seeking information from the matured
experience and cautious observation of the discoverer
of the circulation.
Prjelectiones Hedicae XII. de Calvaries et Capitis Morbis. 8vo.
Lond. 1757.
De Natura Musculorum. 8vo. Lond. 1759.
Fran. Nicolsii Vita. 4to. Lond.
EDMUND CRYNES, M.D., was the son of Jonas Crynes
of St. Lawrence Jury, in the city of London, gent., and
on the 15th September, 1727, being then sixteen years
of age was matriculated at St. John's college, Oxford.
He was elected a demy of Magdalen college in 1729, and
as a member of that house proceeded A.B. 25th June,
1731 ; A.M. 30th April, 1734 ; M.B. 13th May, 1737 ;
M.D. 8th July, 1742. He was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 30th September, 1743 ; and a
Fellow, 1st October, 1744. After practising for a few
years at Hackney, he removed to Nottingham, and
there continued until 1772, when he retired from prac-
tice, and withdrew to Kenilworth, where he died, and
was buried the 2nd July, 1787.
JOHN FOTHERGILL, M.D., was the second sou of John
Fothergill and Margaret Hough his wife, and was born
at Carr End in Yorkshire, on the 8th March, 1712. He
received his early education at Frodsham in Cheshire,
and at Jedberg in his native county. About the year
1728 he was placed with Mr. Benjamin Bartlett, an
apothecary at Bradfield in Yorkshire, and on the ex-
piration of his apprenticeship proceeded to Edinburgh,
then rising into notice as a medical school. He attended
the lectures of Monro (primus), Alston, Rutherford,
Sinclair, and Plummer, all students of the Boerhaavian
school, and whose merits have been recorded by Fother-
gill himself in an account which he published in after
life of Dr. Russell, his contemporary and associate. Dr.
Monro discovered the powers of his . pupil, and urged
him to reside sufficiently long to obtain the doctorate ;
for till then he had only intended to qualify himself as
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 1.35
an apothecary. He followed the advice of his preceptor ;
and took his degree of doctor of medicine at Edinburgh '
the 14th August, 1736 (D.M.I. de Emeticorum Usu fi
in variis Morbis tractandis). Dr. Fothergill then
visited London ; attended the physician's practice at St.
Thomas's hospital ; and having taken a short tour, in
company with some friends, through Flanders and Hol-
land, returned to England about the year 1740, and
commenced the practice of his profession in London.
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 1st October, 1744, and is the first graduate in
medicine of the university of Edinburgh who was ad-
mitted by the College. Dr. Fothergill was a member \^
of the Society of Friends, and through their influence
and exertions he was soon introduced into business.
His " Account of the Putrid Sore Throat attended with
Ulcers, 8vo. Lond. 1748," a disease which produced
a great mortality in and around London, and excited
much alarm, gave extended publicity to his name, and
at once established his reputation. His progress on-
wards towards the most extensive and lucrative prac-
tice in the city was most rapid, and he is represented
as having been for many successive years in the pos-
session of a professional income of nearly 7,0 00. To ^
chemistry and botany he devoted his hours of relaxation
and retirement. At Upton, near Stratford, Essex, he
purchased an extensive estate, and furnished a noble
garden, whose walls enclosed five acres, with a profusion
of exotics, which he spared no pains in collecting. At
an expense seldom undertaken by an individual, and
with an ardour that was visible in the whole of his con-
duct, he procured from all parts of the world a great
number of the rarest plants, and protected them in the
amplest buildings which this or any other country had
then seen. He liberally proposed rewards to those
whose circumstances and situations in life gave them
opportunities of bringing hither plants which might be
ornamental and probably useful to this country or her
colonies, and as liberally paid these rewards to all that
156 ROLL OF THE [1744
served him. That science might not suffer a loss when
a plant he had cultivated should die, he liberally paid
the best artist the country afforded to draw the new
ones as they came to perfection ; and so numerous were
they at last that he found it necessary to employ more
artists than one, in order to keep pace with their in-
crease. His garden was known all over Europe, and
foreigners of all ranks asked, when they came hither,
permission to see it. Dr. Fothergill's attention was
not confined to the vegetable kingdom. Da Costa was
indebted for many valuable remarks in his " History of
Shells," of which Fothergill possessed the best cabinet
in England, next to that of the duchess of Portland.
His collection of minerals was more rare than extensive,
and the gratitude of his numerous friends had supplied
liim with many curious specimens of the animal world.
His collection of natural history was purchased on his
decease by Dr. William Hunter, and is probably at this
moment to be found in part in the museum which that
distinguished physician bequeathed to the university
of Glasgow, after having vainly solicited the ministers
of the time to enable him to establish one in London.
In 1754 Dr. Fothergill was elected a fellow of the
College of Physicians of Edinburgh, and in 1763 a fel-
low of the Royal Society. His reputation soon extended
to other countries. He was one of the earliest members
of the American Philosophical society, instituted at
Philadelphia. Linnaeus distinguished by his name a
species of Polyandria Digynia. The Royal Society of
Medicine at Paris chose him an Associate in 1776 ; and
his letters of admission were the more honourable be-
cause they included a request that Fothergill would no-
minate any persons of his acquaintance whom he might
deem eligible to become corresponding members of the
society. Vicq. d'Azyr communicated this mark of con-
fidence in a Latin letter.
In December, 1780, Dr. Fothergill experienced a
second attack of suppression of urine ; two years pre-
viously it had been relieved, but no art could now re-
1744] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 157
_i
move it. The pain was very acute, the thirst insatiable,
but his mind was as serene as in its best days. He ex-
pressed to a friend his hope " that he had not lived in
vain, but in a degree to answer the end of his creation,
by sacrificing interested considerations and his own ease
to the good of his fellow creatures." He died at his
house in Harper-street, Red Lion-sqn.are, on the 26th
December, 1780, and was buried in the Quaker's burial
ground at Winchmore-hill . An exquisite full-length
cabinet portrait of Dr. Fothergill, by Hogarth, is on the
College staircase. It was presented by Mr. Cribb, of
Covent-garden. An engraved portrait of him, by Green,
after one by Stuart, is extant. " The person of Dr.
Fothergill," writes his affectionate biographer, Dr. Hird,
" was of a delicate, rather of an attenuated make ; his
features were all character ; his eye had a peculiar bril-
liancy of expression, yet it was not easy so to mark the
leading trait as to disengage it from the united whole.
He was remarkably active and alert, and, with few ex-
ceptions, enjoyed a general good state of health. He
had a peculiarity of address and manner, resulting from
person, education, and principle, but it was so perfectly
accompanied by the most engaging attentions that
he was the genuine, polite man, above all forms of
breeding. At his meals he was remarkably temperate ;
in the opinion of some rather too abstemious, eating
sparingly, but with a good relish, and rarely exceeding
two glasses of wine at dinner or supper ; yet by his
uniform and steady temperance he preserved his mind
vigorous and active, and his constitution equal to all
his engagements." Dr. Fothergill's library and paint-
ings were sold in 1781 in York-street, Covent-garden.
His house and choice botanical garden of rare plants at
Upton were sold in the same year. His collection of
shells was purchased by Dr. William Hunter.
Dr. Fothergill contributed many papers to the " Gen-
tleman's Magazine," the " Transactions of the London
Medical Society," &c. &c. These, with a Sketch of his
Life, a Selection from his Correspondence, his Inaugu-
158 ROLL OF THE [1745
ral Essay, and his Treatise on tlie Sore Throat, were
published by Dr. Lettsom in three volumes 8vo. in
178*.
PETER CANVANE, M.D., was born in America, and on
the 4th March, 1743, when twenty-two years of age,
was entered on the physic line at Leyden. He gradu-
ated doctor of medicine at Rheims ; and was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd Decem-
ber. 1744. After practising for many years in the island
of St. Christopher, he returned to England, and settled
as a physician at Bath. Leaving that city, he withdrew
to the continent, where he resided for several years
before his death, which occurred at Brussels in 1786.
Dr. Canvane was a fellow of the Royal Society, and the
author of
A Dissertation on the Oleum Palmse Christi, or Castor Oil. 8vo.
Lond. 1764.
WILLIAM PARRY, of Monmouthshire ; was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 9th
April, 1745.
CHARLES FEAKE, M.D., was of Caius college, Cam-
bridge, and as a member of that house proceeded M.B.
in 1738 ; M.D. 5th July, 1743. He was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1744 ;
and a Fellow 25th June, 1745 : was Censor in 1747,
1754, 1758; Harveian orator in 1749; Elect 25th
June, 1761, and Consiliarius 1761. He was physician
to Guy's hospital; and died 2nd August, 1762.
JOHN BARKER, M.D., was educated at Wadham col-
lege, Oxford, and proceeded A.B. 16th October, 1731 ;
A.M. 24th May, 1737; M.B. 25th November, 1737.
He then settled for a time at Salisbury, and whilst
there published " An Inquiry into the Nature, Cause,
and Cure of the Epidemic Fever of 1740, 1741, and
1742." On the 3rd November, 1743, he took his de-
1746] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 159
gree of doctor of medicine at Oxford ; was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 8th April, 1745 ;
and a Fellow, 24th March, 1746. About this time he
removed to London ; was chosen physician to the West-
minster hospital, in 1746, but resigned his office in
1748, when he was appointed one of the physicians to
the army. He did not long survive, and dying on the
31st January, 1748-9, was buried in the small church
of St. Stephen's, Ipswich, where there is a tablet with
the following inscription :
Here lieth the body of
John Barker, M.D.,
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians
And Physician to his Majesty's Forces in the Low Countries.
Born April 18, 1708.
Died January 31, 1748-9.
In addition to the work on fever above mentioned,
he was the author of
An Essay on the Agreement betwixt Ancient and Modern Phy-
sicians ; or, a Comparison between the Practice of Hippocrates,
Galen, Sydenham, and Boerhaave. 8vo. Lond. 1748.
WILLIAM HEBEKDEN, M.D. This distinguished or-
nament of the medical profession was born in London
in 1710, and educated at the grammar school in Saint
Saviour's churchyard, Southwark ; whence he was
transferred in December, 1724, at an unusually early
age, to St. John's college, Cambridge. Of that house
he was elected a fellow in 1730. He proceeded A.B.
1728; A.M. 1732: M.D. 1739. Dr. Heberden prac-
tised his profession for several years at Cambridge,
where for about ten years he delivered an annual course
of lectures on the Materia Medica. . Among his pupils
were some who afterwards greatly distinguished them-
selves, as Sir George Baker, Dr. Gisborne, and Dr.
Glynn, of Cambridge. The specimens he had collected
for the illustration of his lectures he presented to St.
John's college when he quitted Cambridge. Of his
method of lecturing a specimen is preserved in his Essay
on Mithridatium and Theriaca, published in 1745, three
160 ROLL OF THE
years before he quitted the university. Treating of this
famous medicine, Dr. Heberden proves that the only
poisons known to the ancients were hemlock, monk's-
hood, and those of venomous beasts ; and that to these
few they knew of no antidotes. That the farrago called
after the celebrated king of Pontus, which in the time of
Celsus consisted of thirty-eight simples, had changed its
composition every hundred years, and that therefore what
had been for so many ages called Mithridatium, was quite
different from the true medicine found in the cabinet of
that prince. This, he states, was a very trivial one, com-
posed of twenty leaves of rue, one grain of salt, two
nuts, and two dried figs ; and he infers that, even sup-
posing Mithri dates had ever used the compound (which
is doubtful), his not being able to despatch himself was
less owing to the strength of his antidote than to the
weakness of his poison. The first accounts of subtle
poisons that might be concealed under the stone of a
seal or ring, as well as the stories of poisons by vapours
arising from perfumed gloves and letters, he pronounces
to be evidently the idle inventions of ignorance and
superstition. The learning and good sense which cha-
racterise the whole of this little essay will enable the
reader to form a judgment of the manner in which he
conveyed instruction to his class, and of the loss which
the university must have suffered by his removal.
Dr. Heberden was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 25th June, 1745, and a Fellow 25th
June, 1746. He settled in London at the close of 1 748 ;
and was elected a fellow of the Royal Society 1st Febru-
ary, 1749. It was, however, long before his worth was
discovered and appreciated, so long, indeed, that he was
on the point of returning to end his days at Cambridge.
But happily for the world and for his own fame he
steadily persevered, and ultimately rose to a height in
professional and general esteem, of which there have
been but few instances. He was nominated Gulstonian
lecturer in 1749 ; Harveian orator in 1750 ; and Croo-
nian lecturer in 1760. He was Censor in 1749, 1755,
1746] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 161
1760 ; Consiliarius, 1762 ; and was constituted an Elect
llth August, 1762, an office which he resigned 28th
June, 1781. About this time, becoming sensible that
his age required indulgence, he passed the summer at
a house which he had purchased at Windsor, but he
continued his practice in town during the winter for
some years longer. Dr. Heberden died at his house in
Pall-mall, honoured, esteemed, and venerated by all
ranks in and out of the profession, on the 17th May,
1801, in the ninety-first year of his age.* He was buried
at Windsor, and on the south side of the parish church
is a monument to his memory, with the following in-
scription :
Near this place are deposited the remains of
William Heberden, M.D.,
who died the 17th May, 1801,
in the 91st year of his age.
He practised physic,
first at Cambridge, afterwards in London,
with great and unsullied reputation above 50 years.
His distinguished learning,
his sweetness of manners, and active benevolence
raised him to an uncommon height in public esteem :
above all, his deep sense of religion,
which he cultivated with unremitting attention,
regulated his conduct through a long and busy life,
and supported him to the last
with unabated cheerfulness and resignation.
His widow and three surviving children erected this tablet to his
memory.
* The second Dr. William Heberden's eulogy of his father in
the Harveian oration for 1809 is so delicately conceived and ex-
pressed, that I here insert it : " Et tu quoque quern sicut vivum
amplecti et audire semper fuit mihi jucundissimum, ifca mortuum
honorare nunquam desinam. Taceam, O Socii, an loquar ? Immo
vero a me petere unumquemque vestrum puto ut de optimo Parente
pauca saltern dicam. Nisi enim me fallat gratissima memoria et
amoris magnitudo, non alium cognoveritis aut integritate vitea ex-
cellentiorem, aut optimarum artium studiosiorem, aut exercitatione
medicinee humaniorem extitisse. Quo quidem animo medicinam ex-
coluerit testantur Acta hujns Collegii Medica ; cujus operis cum ipse
suasor et autor fuisset, turn illud multis et utilissimis tractatiouibus
amplificavit : testatur Commentariorum volumen quod post mortem
VOL. II. M
1(>2 ROLL OF THE [1740
By his wife Mary, the eldest daughter of William
Wollaston, esquire, to whom he was married 19th
January, 1760, he had five sons and three daughters.
His second son, who was bred a physician, practised
with great success in London, and fully maintained the
reputation of his distinguished name. He will have to
be mentioned in a subsequent page.
Dr. Heberden's character has been so admirably drawn
by Dr. Macinichael, that I have no hesitation in trans-
ferring his sketch to my own pages : " Dr. Heberden
was always exceedingly liberal and charitable ; there-
fore, as soon as he found he could support himself in
London, he voluntarily relinquished a fellowship which
he held in St. John's college, for the benefit of some
poorer scholar to whom it might be of use. He was
forward in encouraging all objects of science and lite-
rature, and promoting all useful institutions. There
was scarcely a public charity to which he did not sub-
scribe, or any work of merit to which he did not give
his support. He recommended to the College of Phy-
sicians the first design of their ' Medical Transactions/
was the author of several papers in them, also of some
in the ' Philosophical Transactions,' as well as of ' Com-
mentaries on the History and Cure of Diseases.'
" He was much esteemed by his majesty king George
the Third, and upon the queen's first coming to England
editum est, in quo non magis eruditionem judiciumque admiramur,
quam industriam ac laborem. Nihil ex opinione admisit, nihil ex
conjectura, nihil ex probabilitate : quicquid autem vel novum addi-
derit, vel receptum confirmaverit, ex usu et diuturna observatione,
qua maxime fide potuit, duxit : Quid mirum, si immensum sui desi-
derium nobis reliquit ? Non enim ille in luce modo, atque in oculis
civium magnus ; sed intus, domique praestantior. Qui sermo ?
Quae praecepta ? Quam multse literae ? Magno enim studio cum
omni literarum generi, turn philosophise deditus fuit ; nee vero
ineunte estate solum, sed et in omni vitse spatio ; in quo ita magna
fuit medendi occupatio, ut non multum, sub ipso tecto, otii relin-
queretur. Quid ego divinarum rerum contemplationem memorem ?
qua delectatione satiari nulla aetas potest. Pater dilectissime ? quid
non virtutes istse, tuusque in me animus mereantur ? Sed admi-
ratione te potius, quam temporalibus laudibus ; utinam quoque simi-
litudine possemus decorare." p. 19.
1746] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 163
in 1761 had been named as physician to her majesty
an honour which he thought fit to decline ; the real
reason of which was that he was apprehensive it might
interfere with those connections of life that he had now
formed. In 1796 he met with an accident which dis-
abled him for the last few years of his life ; till then he
had always been in the habit of walking, if he could,
some part of every day. It deserves to be mentioned
that when he was fast approaching to the age of ninety,
he observed that, though his occupations and pleasures
were certainly changed from what they had used to be,
yet he knew not if he had ever passed a year more com-
fortably than the last. He lived to his ninety-first year,
and there can hardly be a more striking memorial of
the perfect condition of his mind to the very last, than
that within forty-eight hours of his decease he repeated
a sentence from an ancient Roman author, signifying
that ' death is kinder to none than those to whom it
comes uninvoked.'
" His address was pleasing and unaffected, his obser-
vations cautious and profound, and he had a happy
manner of getting able men to exhibit their several
talents, which he directed and moderated with singular
attention and good humour. But though rendered emi-
nent by his skill as a physician, he conferred a more
valuable and permanent lustre on his profession by the
worth and excellence of his private character. From
his early youth Dr. William Heberden had entertained
a deep sense of religion, a consummate love of virtue,
an ardent thirst for knowledge, and an earnest desire
to promote the welfare and happiness of all mankind.
By these qualities, accompanied with great sweetness of
manners, he acquired the love and esteem of all good
men, in a degree which perhaps very few have expe-
rienced ; and after passing an active life with the uni-
form testimony of a good conscience, he became a dis-
tinguished example of its influence in the cheerfulness
and serenity of his latest age. In proof of these asser-
tions, I will mention an anecdote of him, which though
M 2
1G4 ROLL OF THE [1748
now perhaps almost forgotten, somehow or other trans-
pired at the time, and was duly appreciated by his con-
temporaries. After the death of Dr. Conyers Middleton,
his widow called upon Dr. Heberden with a MS. trea-
tise of her late husband, about the publication of which
she was desirous of consulting him. The religion of Dr.
Middleton had always been justly suspected, and it was
quite certain that his philosophy had never taught him
candour. Dr. Heberden having perused the MS., which
was on the inefficacy of prayer, told the lady that
though the work might be deemed worthy of the learn-
ing of her departed husband, its tendency was by no
means creditable to his principles, and would be inju-
rious to his memory ; but as the matter pressed, he
would ascertain what a publisher might be disposed to
give for the copyright. This he accordingly did ; and
having found that 150?. might be procured, he himself
paid the widow 200?. and consigned the MS. to the
Barnes.**
Dr. Heberden 's " Commentarii de Morborum Historic
et Curatione," a posthumous work, which will transmit
his name to the latest posterity, appeared both in Latin
and English in 1802. They were received with equal, if
not greater, applause on the continent than in England.
Soemmering considered them of such value that he re-
printed them in Germany with a preface, in which he
styles their author the " Medicus vere Hippocraticus."
Professor Friedlander, of Halle, published in 1831 a
neat edition at Leipsic, as a portion of the " Scriptorum
Classicorum de Praxi Medici nonnulloruui Opera Col-
lecta."
An admirable portrait of Dr. Heberden, in his eighty-
sixth year, by Sir William Beech ey, is in the College.
It was presented by his son, Dr. William Heberden, at
the opening of the present College in June, 1825, and
has been well engraved by W. Ward.
MOSES GRIFFITH, M.D., was the son of Edward
* The Gold-headed Cane. 2nd edition. Lond. 1828, p. 176.
1748] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 165
Griffith (" telionarii "), was born at Lapidon, co. Salop,
educated at Shrewsbury school under Mr. Hotchkiss,
and was admitted a sizar of St. John's college, Cam-
bridge, 2nd June, 1742, aged eighteen. He received
his medical education at Leyden, where he proceeded
doctor of medicine the 30th December, 1744 (D.M.I, de
Abortu prascavendo, 4to.). He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 13th April, 1747, and
practised for many years in London, but in 1768 with-
drew to Colchester, where (I believe) he died in March,
1785. He was the author of " Practical Observations
on the Cure of the Hectic and Slow Fevers, and the
Pulmonary Consumption ;" to which is added, " A
Method of treating several kinds of Internal Haemor-
rhages." 8vo. Lond. 1775. To Dr. Griffith we owe
the compound iron mixture of the Pharmacopoeia.
SAMUEL MIKLES, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Glasgow ; was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 30th April, 1747. We have from
his pen
Observations relating to the Practice of Physic and Surgery,
abridged from the Philosophical Transactions. 2 Vols. 8vo. Lond.
1745.
Elements of Surgery. 8vo. Lond. 1746.
JOHN DAVISON, M.D., was entered on the physic line
at Leyden 9th October, 1733, aged twenty-one, and
graduated doctor of medicine there in 1734 (D.M.I, de
Dia3ta in Febribus acutis). He was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the CoUege 19th July, 1748. He prac-
tised at Nottingham ; was physician to the hospital in
that town; and died on the 10th December, 1790, in
the seventy-eighth year of his age.
DAVID THOMSON, M.D., of Camberwell, and a doctor
of medicine of Aberdeen of 1739, was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd Sep-
tember, 1748,
1G6 BOLL OF THE [1748
EDWARD MILWARD, M.D., was educated at Leyden,
where he graduated doctor of medicine. On the 7th
July, 1741, as a member of Trinity college, he was cre-
ated M.D. at Cambridge by royal mandate, and on the
21st January, 1741-2, was admitted a fellow of the
Royal Society. He was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 30th September, 1747; and a Fel-
low 30th September, 1748. He was Censor in 1752,
1758 ; and delivered the Harveian oration in 1752. He
died 20th August, 1757, and was buried in the Kriigh-
ton chapel, Lindridge, co. Worcester, where he is thus
commemorated :
Here lieth interred the body of
Edward Milward, M.D.,
who departed this life
the 20th day of August Anno Domini 1757
aetatis suse 45.*
Dr. Milward was the author of
Trallianus Reviviscens ; or, an Account of Alexander Trallian, &c.,
in a Letter to Sir Hans Sloane, Bart. 8vo. Lond. 1734.
Letter to all Orders of Learned Men concerning a History of the
Lives of British Physical and Chirurgical Authors. 8vo. Lond.
1740.
WILLIAM COXE, M,D., of Corpus Christi college,
Cambridge; M.B. 1738; M.D. 4th July, 1743. He
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1747 ; a Fellow 30th September,
1748; and was Censor in 1750, 1755, and Harveian
orator in 1753. He was physician to the Westminster
hospital from 1750 to 1757. His portrait is in the
board room of that hospital. His son, William Coxe,
fellow of King's college, Cambridge, born 7th March,
1747, O.S., died 8th June, 1828, was well known as a
traveller, and the author of " Memoirs of Sir Robert
Walpole, earl of Orford," "Memoirs of Horatio lord
Walpole/' " Memoirs of John, duke of Marlborough,"
&c., &c.
* Nash's Worcestershire, vol. ii, p. 98.
1749] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 167
JOHN THOMAS BATT, M.D., was a son of William Batt,
esquire, of Down ton, in the county of Wilts, by his
wife Martha, daughter and heiress of Jonathan Clarke,
esquire, of Nun ton house, in the same county. He was
of Baliol college, Oxford, and proceeded A.B. 9th De-
cember, 1736; A.M. 7th July, 1739; M.B. 6th No-
vember, 1742 ; M.D. 12th July, 1746 ; was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1747 ; and a Fellow 30th September, 1748. He
was Censor in 1750, 1756, 1761 ; and Harveian orator
in 1754. Dr. Batt was elected physician to St. George's
hospital 7th February, 1746, and died 26th August,
1762.
EGBERT TAYLOR, M.D., was the son of John Taylor,
of Newark, twice mayor of that town, and was born
there in April, 1710. At an early age he was placed at
the Newark grammar school, on Dr. Magnus's founda-
tion, and in due course was entered at Trinity college,
Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded M.B.
1732; M.D. 7th July, 1737. Keturning to Newark
in 1732, immediately after taking his first degree in
physic, and where the vacancy left by the death of Dr.
Mordecai Hunton in 1728 was still unoccupied, he
conciliated the esteem of his fellow townsmen by his
polished manners, professional assiduity, and general
erudition. Whilst practising at Newark, a circum-
stance occurred which laid the foundation for his rapid
promotion, brought him prominently into notice, and
led to his advancement to the foremost rank of his pro-
fession in London. Lord Burlington and his lady were
on a visit to Belvoir castle, some twenty -five miles
from Newark, at that time the nearest place from
which any extraordinary medical assistance could be
procured. His lordship was taken dangerously ill, and
Dr. Taylor was summoned to his assistance. The symp-
toms were alarming, and the gravest apprehensions
were entertained as to their issue, but they yielded to
the doctor's unremitting attention and (it is said) to
1G8 ROLL OF THE [1749
the bold administration of opium. Dr. Taylor's skill
and bearing so won on the noble inmates of the castle,
that they prevailed upon him to remove to London,
where their united efforts soon established him in ex-
tensive business, and obtained for him the patronage
of Sir Edward Hulse, who was then gradually with-
drawing himself from practice. Lady Burlington's
exertions in his behalf were indefatigable. She took
him in her own carriage, as soon as he had established
himself in London, and introduced him to all her ac-
quaintance as a prodigy of medical skill, and she is said
to have employed herself for several weeks in driving
about and seeking out invalids, on all of whom she ab-
solutely forced her favourite physician.
Dr. Taylor was admitted a Candidate of the College
of Physicians 4th April, 1748, and a Fellow 20th
March, 1749. He was Gulstonian lecturer in 1750,
Censor 1751, and Harveian orator in 1755. His ora-
tion, which ranks among the most polished in style and
the most elaborated in matter of any that have been
published, is remarkable as being the medium for dis-
seminating, more especially to foreign countries, the
opinion of the College of Physicians with respect to
inoculation.* Dr. Taylor was admitted a fellow of the
* " The College having been informed that false reports concern-
ing the success of Inoculation in England have been published in
foreign countries, think proper to declare their sentiments in the
following manner, viz., that the arguments which at the commence-
ment of this practice were urged against it had been refuted by
experience ; that it is now held by the English in greater esteem,
and practised among them more extensively than ever it was before,
and that the College thinks it to be highly salutary to the human
race." " Quoniam Collegio nuntiatum fuit, falsos de Variolarum
Insititiarum in Anglia success a et existimatione apud exteras gentes
nuper exiisse rumores, eidem Collegio sententiam suam de rebus
hisce ad hanc modum declarare placuit : videlicet, argumenta, quee
contra hanc variolas inserendi consuetudinem in principio affere-
bantur, experientiam refellisse ; eamque hoc tempore majori in
honore apud Anglos haberi, magisque quam unquam antea inter eos
nunc invalescere ; atque humano generi valde salutarem esse se
existimare." Oratio Anniversaria ex Harveii institute habita A.D.
MDCCLV. a Roberto Taylor, M.D., p. 52.
1749] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 169
Royal Society 7th December, 1752. He held the ap-
pointment of physician to the king, and died 15th May,
1762. At the time of his decease he was erecting a
fine mansion at Winthorpe, near Newark, where he
had hoped to spend the evening of his days. But it
was unfinished at the time of his death, and was soon
afterwards sold. Dr. Taylor's body was to have been
brought to Winthorpe for interment, but he was really
buried in South Audley-street chapel, from which,
however, in 1778, his remains and those of an infant
son were removed to Winthorpe, where his widow had
constructed a small private vault for their reception as
well as for her own. He and his wife are commemo-
rated by a monument in Winthorpe church, which is
thus inscribed :
To the Memory of
Robert Taylor, M.D.,
Physician in Ordinary to his Majesty,
who died 15th May, 1762, aged 53.
Also
of Elizabeth Taylor, his wife,
who died 10th May, 1812, aged 86,
and of Robert Taylor, their infant son.
This monument is erected
by their only daughter
Elizabeth Chaplin.
Dr. Taylor was twice married, first to Anne, youngest
daughter of John Heron, esquire. She died in 1757,
and was buried at Newark. Secondly, on the 9th No-
vember, 1759, to Elizabeth Main waring, of Lincoln,
" with a fortune of ten thousand pounds." His only
surviving child, a daughter Elizabeth, became the
wife of Henry Chaplin, esquire, of Blankney hall, co.
Lincoln. Dr. Taylor's portrait is at Blankney.
He was the author of
Epistola Critica ad O.V.D. Edoardum Wilmot, Baronettum ;
in qua quatuor Qusestionibus ad Variolas Insitivas spectantibus
orbi medico denuo propositus ab Antonio De Haen in Univ. Vin-
dobonensi Professore primerio, directe responsum est. 4to. Lorid.
1761.
170 ROLL OF THE [1749
Sex Histories Medicee sive Morborum aliquot funestornm et rari-
oruui Commentarius. 4to. Lond. 1761.
These, with his Harveian oration, were published
together, under the title of
Miscellanea Medica. 4to. Lond. 1761.
WILLIAM MUSHET, M.D., was descended from a fa-
mily in Stirling, but was born in Dublin, whitber his
parents had fled on account of their participation in the
cause of the old Pretender. He is thought to have been
educated at Trinity college, Dublin. He was entered on the
physic line at Leyden 26th August, 1745, aged twenty-
nine, and as a member of King's college, Cambridge, he
proceeded M.D.in 1746. He was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 4th April, 1 746 ; and a Fellow,
20th March, 1749. He delivered the Gulstonian lec-
tures in 1751. Dr. Mushet was physician to the army ;
he served in Germany, and was present at the battle of
Minden in 1759, where he was pnysician-in-chief to the
forces. At the conclusion of the war he received the
thanks of both houses of Parliament for his services, and
was offered a baronetcy, which he declined. Dr. Mu-
shet was intimately connected with the duke of Rut-
land, and for eleven years had apartments in Belvoir
castle. * He died at York (to which city he had re-
tired) 1 1th December, 1792, aged seventy-six. A monu-
ment to his memory is in the church of St. Mary Castle-
gate, York. It bears the following inscription from the
pen of Sir Robert Sinclair, recorder of York :
To the Memory of
WILLIAM MUSHET, M.D.,
who,
by availing himself of the early advantage
of a polite and liberal education,
by an unremitting pursuit of every species
of useful and honourable learning,
by a prudent and judicious culture of a
cheerful disposition and lively imagination,
* Information from W. B. Mushet, M.B.
1749] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 171
and by an uncommon share of natural
acuteness and penetration,
attained to very great and deserved
estimation and eminence in his profession.
He died at York, llth December, A.D. 1792,
in the seventy-seventh year of his age.
This tribute of piety and affection was paid
by his daughter, MART MOSHET.
DAVID Ross, M.D. A doctor of medicine of Rheims,
of 27th August, 1726 ; was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 20th March, 1749. He was ap-
pointed physician to St. George's hospital 19th October,
1733, and retained that office until hi& death, about the
end of 1757 or beginning of 1758.
DANIEL Cox, M.D. A doctor of medicine of St. An-
drew's, of 8th November, 1742 ; was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 26th June, 1749. He
was elected physician to the Middlesex hospital 16th
October, 1746. and resigned that office 23rd May, 1749.
Dr. Cox died in January, 1750. We have from his
pen
Observations on the Epidemic Fever of 1741. 8vo. Lond. 1742.
An Appeal to the public in behalf of Elizabeth Canning. 8vo.
Lond. 1753.
A Letter to a Friend on Inoculation. 8vo. Lond. 1757.
Observations on the Intermitting Pulse. 8vo. Lond. 1758.
Family Medical Compendium. 8vo. Gloucester.
GEORGE RAITT, M.D. A doctor of medicine of Ley-
den ; was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 22nd September, 1749. He practised at
Huntingdon, and died on the 17th January, 1785. By
deed, bearing date 18th January, 1780, Dr. Raitt en-
dowed a charity at Huntingdon, which still bears his
name, with three yearly rent charges for the purchase
of bread and coals for the poor.
JOHN WALTON, of Lincoln, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College, 22nd June, 1750.
172 ROLL OF THE [1750
RICHARD CONYERS, M.D., was one of three Dr.
William Pitcairn and Dr. Kennedy being the others
upon whom the university of Oxford, at the opening of
the Radcliffe library in April, 1749, conferred the de-
gree of doctor of medicine by diploma. Admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians, 26th June, 1749 ;
and a Fellow, 25th June, 1750 ; he was Censor in 1753
and 1757, and Harveian orator in 1756. Dr. Conyers,
having been appointed in 1758, one of the physicians
to the forces, was obliged to leave England in pursu-
ance of the duties of that office. He therefore resigned
his office of Censor 25th July, 1758, and Dr. Addams
was appointed in his place. Dr. Conyers was physician
to the Foundling hospital, and died about the year
1759. He had received his medical education at Ley-
den. He was entered on the physic line there 3rd No-
vember, 1727, being then twenty years of age, and he
graduated doctor of medicine there in 1729 (D.M.I, de
Morbislnfantum 4to.). He republished this essay, with
additions and corrections, 8vo. Lond. 1748.
WILLIAM PITCAIRN, M.D., was descended from the
family of Dr. Archibald Pitcairn, celebrated as the
founder of the mechanical sect of medicine, who, having
followed the fortunes of the exiled James, was for a
short time professor of the practice of physic at Leyden.
Dr. William Pitcairn was born in 1711, and was the
eldest son of the Rev. David Pitcairn, minister of Dy-
sart, in Fifeshire, by his wife Catherine Hamilton, a re-
lative of the ducal family of that name. I can recover
but few particulars of his education, general or medical,
except that he studied for a time under Boerhaave at
Leyden, where he was entered on the physic line ] 5th
October, 1734, and graduated doctor of medicine at
Rlieims.* He was private tutor to James, the sixth
duke of Hamilton, whilst that nobleman was studying
at Oxford, and he accompanied him in 1742 in his tra-
vels on the continent. At the opening of the Radcliffe
* Russell's Letter to Dr. Addington on his Refusal, &c. &c.
1750] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 173
library in April, 1749, the university of Oxford, upon
the recommendation of the trustees, conferred upon him
the degree of doctor of medicine by diploma. Dr. Pit-
cairn then settled in London ; was admitted a Candi-
date of the College of Physicians 26th June, 1749 ; and
a Fellow, 25th June, 1750. He soon obtained the con-
fidence of the profession and of the public, and rapidly
rose to eminence and fortune. He delivered the Gul-
stonian lectures in 1752; was Censor in 1753, 1755,
1759, 1762; Elect, in place of Dr. Letherland, 16th
April, 1764 ; Consiliarius, 1764 ; and eventually Presi-
dent. To this office he was elected in 1775, and was
annually re-elected for ten years, resigning in 1785, and
then retiring from the practice of the profession. On the
30th September, 1785, a motion was made, seconded,
and passed unanimously in the College, "That the
thanks of the College be given to Dr. William Pitcairn
for his unremitting attention to the affairs of the Col-
lege, and for the great zeal which he showed for its
honour and prosperity during the ten years in which
he held the office of President." Dr. Pitcairn was
elected physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital 22nd
February, 1750, and resigned his office there 3rd Feb-
ruary, 1780. The governors of the hospital, to mark
their sense of the value of his services, elected him one
of the almoners on the 26th June, 1 782 ; and he was
appointed treasurer of the hospital 4th March, 1784.
This circumstance, probably, hastened his retirement
from practice, and he removed from his residence m
Warwick-court to the treasurer's house within the
hospital. Dr. Pitcairn was an accomplished botanist.
He had a house in the Upper-street, Islington, oppo-
site Cross-street, to which he frequently retired, and
where he had a botanical garden five acres in ex-
tent, laid out with great judgment, and so abundantly
stocked with the scarcest and most valuable plants
as to be second only in size and importance to Dr.
Fothergill's garden at Upton. At this, his suburban resi-
dence Dr. Pitcairn died on the 25th November, 1791.
174 ROLL OF THE [1751
He was buried on the 1st of December in the church
of St. Bartholomew- the-Less.* His garden was dis-
mantled, and it and its contents sold by auction in
May, 1792. Dr. Pitcairn was also physician to Christ's
hospital, and a fellow of the Royal Society. Dr. Pit-
cairn did not publish anything. But tradition hands
him down to us as an eminently sound and successful
physician. He introduced and taught in the wards of
St. Bartholomew's hospital a much freer employment of
opium in the treatment of disease, and especially of
fevers, than was customary with his contemporaries. Of
his practice in this respect his Currus triumphalis Opii,
as it was designated by some of his brethren he was
justifiably proud ; and the more so when (through the
medium of his nephew, the future Dr. David Pitcairn,
then a student of medicine at Edinburgh) it reached
the ear of Dr. Cullen, and was the means of saving the
life of the son of that great master of physic. The case
was thought desperate by Dr. Cullen, who, acting on
what he had heard from the nephew, of Dr. Pitcairn's
practice in London, administered to his son a larger
dose of laudanum than was usually prescribed, and with
complete success. t His portrait, by Sir Joshua Rey-
nolds, engraved by Jones, now in the Censors' room, was
bequeathed to the College by Elizabeth (Almack), the
widow of David Pitcairn, M.D.
JOHN BISHOP, of Crewkerne, was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College 14th September, 1750.
CHARLES MORTON, M.D., was born in Westmoreland
in 1716, and educated at Ley den. He was entered on
the physic line there 18th September, 1736 ; settled in
the first place at Kendal in his native county, and
* " Vir bonus et doctus in medicina exercenda peritus, et re her-
baria curiosus cujus Hortus Botanicus herbis et fructicibus rariori-
bns turgebat : sed pree omnibus Proculeius alter notus in fratres
animi paterni, in omnes benevoli." Oratio ex Harveiae institute ha-
bita 1792, auc. Gulielmo Cadogan, p. 19.
t Gold-Headed Cane. 2nd ed. Lond. 1828. P. 185.
1751] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 175
practised there for a short time with much reputation.
Returning to Leyden, he graduated doctor of medicine
there 30th August, 1748 (D.M.I, de Tussi,) and was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians
6th September, 1748. Shortly after this he removed
to London ; was elected physician to the Middlesex hos-
pital 19th April, 1750 ; and admitted a Licentiate of
the College 1st April, 1751. He was appointed phy-
sician to the Foundling hospital in 1754. On the esta-
blishment of the British Museum in 1756, Dr. Morton
was appointed under-librarian of the manuscript and
medal department ; and on the death of Dr. Maty, in
1776, he succeeded to the office of principal librarian.
He had been admitted a fellow of the Royal Society in
1752, and was elected secretary in 1759, an office he
continued to hold for fourteen years. Dr. Morton, who
is represented as a person of great uprightness and in-
tegrity, and was much admired as a scholar, died at his
apartments in the British Museum, 10th February, 1799,
aged eighty-three, and was buried at Twickenham on
the 18th, He was thrice married : 1. In 1744 to Miss
Mary Berkeley, a niece of lady Betty Germaine, by
whom he had an only daughter; 2. In 1772 to lady
Savile, who died 10th February, 1791 ; and lastly, to-
wards the close of 1791, to Elizabeth Pratt, a near re-
lative of his second wife. Dr. Morton's only medical
effort was a paper on muscular motion, in the " Philo-
sophical Transactions." In 1759 he published an im-
proved edition of Dr. Bernard's engraved Table of Alpha-
bets, and in 1772 Bulstrode Whitelock's "Account of
the Swedish Embassy in 1653 and 1654," 2 vols. 4to.
In 1768 he was appointed, jointly with Mr. Farley, to
superintend the publication of Domesday, but this task
he soon relinquished.
JAMES PARSONS, M.D., was born in March, 1705, at
Barnstaple, co. Devon, and received his early education
in Dublin, his father having removed to Ireland on re-
ceiving the appointment of barrack -master at Bolton.
17G ROLL OP THE [1751
When he had completed his general and classical edu-
cation, he became tutor to lord Kingston ; but ere long,
turning his thoughts to medicine, relinquished that
office, and proceeded to Paris, where he studied for
several years. On the llth June, 1736, he took the
degree of doctor of medicine at Rheims. In the follow-
ing month Dr. Parsons came to London, bringing with
him from Paris letters of introduction and recommen-
dation to Sir Hans'Sloane, Dr. Mead, and Dr. James
Douglas. He assisted the last-named physician in his
anatomical pursuits ; through his interest was appointed
physician to the public infirmary of St. Giles's, in 1738 ;
and was introduced by him into extensive obstetric
practice. He was admitted a fellow of the Royal So-
ciety in 1741, and was appointed its foreign secretary
in November, 1751. Dr. Parsons was admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 1st April, 1751.
" He resided for many years in Red Lion-square, where
he frequently enjoyed the company of Bishop Lyttleton,
Dr. Stukeley, Mr. Henry Baker, Dr. Knight, and many
other of the most distinguished members of the Royal
and Antiquarian societies. He enjoyed also the literary
correspondence of D'Argenville, Buffon, Le Cat, Beccaria,
Bertrand, Valltravers, Ascanius, Turberville, and others
of the most distinguished rank in science. As a prac-
titioner, he was judicious, careful, honest, and remark-
ably humane to the poor ; as a friend, obliging and
communicative, cheerful and decent in conversation,
severe and strict in his morals, and attentive to fulfil
with propriety all the various duties in life." In 1769,
finding his health impaired, he proposed to retire from
business and from London. With that view he dis-
posed of a considerable number of his books and fossils,
and went to Bristol. But he returned soon after to his
old house, and, dying in it, after a week's illness, on
the 4th April, 1770, in the sixty-sixth year of his age,
was buried at Hendon, and in obedience to his special
instructions, not until the 21st of that month. On his
tomb is the following inscription :
1751] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 177
Here,
taken from his sorrowful family and friends,
by the common lot of frail humanity, rests
JAMES PARSONS, M.D.,
Member of the College of Physicians,
and F.R.S. and S.A.
A man,
in whom the most dignifying virtues were united,
with talents the most numerous and rare.
Firm and erect in conscious conviction,
no consideration could induce him to desert Truth
or acquiesce to her opponents.
Physic, Anatomy, Natural History, Antiquities,
Languages, and the Fine Arts,
are largely indebted to his skill and industry in each,
for many important truths discovered in their support,
or errors detected in which they were obscured.
Yet, though happy beyond the general
race of mankind in mental endowments,
the sincere Christian, the affectionate Husband,
the generous and humane Friend,
were in him superior to the Sage, Scholar, and Philosopher.
He died April 4, 1770,
in the 66 th year of his age.
A portrait of Dr. Parsons, by Wilson, is in the British
Museum.
He was the author of
Elenchus Gynaicopathologicus et Obstetricarius. 8vo. Lond.
1741.
A Mechanical and Critical Inquiry into the nature of Herma-
phrodites. 8vo. Lond. 1741.
The Croonian Lecture on Muscular Motion. 4to. Lond. 1745.
Microscopical Theatre of Seeds. 4to. Lond. 1745.
A Description of the Human Urinary Bladder and Parts belong-
ing to it. 8vo. Lond. 1742.
Human Physiognomy explained in the Croonian Lectures on
Muscular Motion. 4to. Lond. 1747.
Philosophical Observations on the Analogy between the Propa-
gation of Animals and that of Vegetables, with Observations on the
Polypus. 8vo. Lond. 1752.
Remains of Japhet, being Historical Inquiries into the Affinity
and Origin of the European Languages.
HERMAN HEINEKEN, M.D., was born in London, and
on the 15th April, 1742, in his twenty-sixth year, was
entered on the physic line at Ley den, but he graduated
doctor of medicine at Franeker 5th June, 1744 (D.M.I.
VOL. II. N
178 ROLL OF THE [1751
de Diabete), and was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 1st April, 1751. He was elected
physician to the Middlesex hospital 29th August, 1749,
and, after a service of seven months only, resigned his
office there 3rd April, 1750. Dying in 1772, aged
fifty-seven, he was buried in the church of St. Mary
Aldermary.
SIR JOHN BAPTIST SILVESTER, M.D., was born in
Aquitaine, and educated at Leyden, where he graduated
doctor of medicine 9th October, 1738. He served as
physician to the army in the Low Countries, and was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1751. Appointed physician to the London hos-
pital 22nd February, 1748, he resigned his office 3rd
October, 1764, and in 1777 withdrew from practice,
and retired to Bath, where he died the 2nd November,
178i). He was interred in the Dutch church, Austin
Friars. He was knighted 21st July, 1774, but under
what circumstances I have been unable to discover.
GEORGE LAMONT, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Aberdeen, of llth July, 1727 ; was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1751.
FRANCIS PHILIP DUVAL, M.D. A doctor of medi-
cine of Leyden, of 25th October, 1726 (D.M.I, de
Emeticorum effectibus in Corpore Humano), was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1751. Dr. Duval was physician to the dowager
princess of Wales, and died 9th July, 1768.
PHILIP DE LA COUR, M.D., was born in London, and
on the 12th April, 1730, being then twenty years of
age, was entered on the physic line at Leyden, where
he took the degree of doctor of medicine 18th August,
1733 (D.M.I, de naturali Catameniorum fluxu, 4to.).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1751. In 1772 he retired to Bath,
and died there 2 1st November, 1780.
1751] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 179
SAMUEL JEBB, M.D. This accomplished scholar was
the second son of Samuel Jebb, a maltster of Mansfield,
co. Nottingham, and was born either in that town or at
Nottingham, but most probably the former. He was
destined for the church, and was sent to Peterhouse,
Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded bache-
lor of arts in 1712. Becoming attached, however, to
the non-jurors he left the university, and accepted the
office of librarian to the celebrated Jeremy Collier.
Shortly after this he married a relation of the wife of
Mr. Dillingham, a noted apothecary in Red Lion-square,
from whom, on the recommendation of Dr. Mead, he
took instruction in chemistry and pharmacy. He had
before this made for himself a reputation as an able
scholar, and for many years mainly supported himself
by his pen. The intervals from these labours he now
devoted to the study of physic ; and, proceeding to
Rheims, there took his degree of doctor of medicine
12th March, 1728. He was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 25th June, 1751 ; and settling
at Stratford, Essex, practised there with considerable
success for some years. Having accumulated a mode-
rate fortune, he retired to Chesterfield, co. Derby, where
he died 9th March, 1772, leaving several children, one
of whom, Sir Richard Jebb, bart., M.D., will have to be
mentioned hereafter. Dr. Jebb's publications were very
numerous. The following will, I believe, be found a
tolerably correct list of them :
Justini Martyris cum Tryphone Dialogus. 8vo. Lond. 1719.
Translation of the Rev. Daniel Martin's Two Critical Disserta-
tions I. Upon the 7th verse of the 1st chapter of St. John's First
Epistle. II. In Defence of the Testimony given to our Saviour by
Josephus. 8vo. Lond. 1719.
Proposals for publishing a new edition of the Works of Aristides
in Four Volumes. 8vo. Lond. 1720.
Bibliotheca Literaria.
This extended to ten numbers, the first of which ap-
peared in 1722, the last in 1724.
De Vita et Rebus gestis Marias Scotorum Regin, Francioa
Dotariee. 2 vols. Fol.
N 2
180 ROLL OF THE [1752
The History of the Life and Reign of Mary Queen of Scots and
Dowager of France ; extracted from original Records and Writers
of Credit. 8vo. Lond. 1725.
./Elii Aristidis Adrianensis Opera Omnia Greece et Latine. 2 torn.
Oxon. 4to. 1730.
Johannis Caii Britanni, de Canibus Britannicis, Liber unus de
Variorum Auimalium et Stirpium &c. Liber unus de Libris Pro-
priis, Liber unus de Pronunciatione Graecae et Latinae Linguae cum
Scriptione Nova, Libellus, ad optimorum exemplarium fidem recog-
niti. 8vo. Lond. 1729.
Friar Bacon's Opus Majus, from a MS. in the Public Library.-
Fol. Lond. 1733.
Humphr. Hodii de Graecis illustribus, Linguae Graecae, Litera-
rumque humaniorum Instauratoribus Praemittitur de Vita et
Scriptis ipsius Humphredi Hodii Dissertatio. 8vo. Lond. 1742.
Mr. Bridges' MSS. relating to the History of North-
amptonshire were confided to the editorial care of Dr.
Jebb, who published two parts in folio ; but circum-
stances then occurred to interfere with its completion,
and the papers were handed to Mr. Whalley.
ROBERT WATSON, M.D., was of Catherine hall, Cam-
bridge ; M.B. 1745; M.D. 3rd July, 1750. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 1st
October, 1750, and a Fellow 30th September, 1751.
He delivered the Gulstonian Lectures in 1753, and was
Censor the same year. Dr. Watson was for a short
time physician to the Westminster hospital. Elected
to that office in 1752, he resigned it in 1754, and died
2nd March, 1756. " In him," writes the " Gentleman's
Magazine," " the public has lost a real scholar, an excel-
lent physician, an admirable philosopher, and, in every
consideration, a most worthy person."
JOHN CLEPHANE, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
St. Andrew's, of 29th May, 1729, who had served as
physician to the army in the Low Countries, was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1752. He was appointed physician to St. George's
hospital, 8th May, 1751. He was admitted a fellow
of the Royal Society 4th May, 1749, and died llth
1752] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 181
October, 1758. Dr. Clephane is remembered as the
intimate friend and correspondent of David Hume the
historian.
GEORGE MACAULAY, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Padua, of 16th April, 1739 ; was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 24th September,
1746. In 1752 he removed to London, and on the 25th
June of that year was admitted a Licentiate. He was
physician and treasurer to the Lying-in hospital in
Brownlow-street. About the year 1756, as Dr. Denman
tells us, there was a consultation of the most eminent
obstetricians in London to consider the moral rectitude
of and advantages which might be expected from the
induction of premature labour in certain cases of con-
tracted pelvis ; when the plan received their general
approval, and it was decided to adopt it for the future.
The first case in which it was considered necessary was
undertaken with success by Dr. Macaulay in 1756. He
died the 16th September, 1766.
JAMES DARGENT was admitted a Licentiate of the
College 3rd July, 1752. He was physician to the West-
minster hospital from 1762 to 178 7.
DANIEL PETER LAYARD, M.D., was a doctor of medi-
cine of Rheims of 9th March, 1742. He was elected
physician-accoucheur to the Middlesex hospital in April,
1747; but, his health giving way shortly afterwards,
he retired for a time to the continent. On his return
to England he settled at Huntingdon, and practised
there for some years with eminent success. He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 3rd
July, 1752. About 1762 he quitted Huntingdon, and,
returning to London, soon got into extensive practice
as an accoucheur. Dr. Layard died at Greenwich in
February, 1802, in the eighty-second year of his age.
He was a fellow of the Royal societies of London and
Gottingen, and a vice-president of the British Lying-in
182 BOLL OF THE [1752
hospital, of which he had been one of the founders. He
was brother to Mary Anne duchess of Ancaster, and
father to the dean of Bristol. In 1792 he had the
honorary degree of D.C.L. conferred upon him by the
university of Oxford. Dr. Layard contributed some
papers to the " Philosophical Transactions," and pub-
lished
An Essay on the Contagions Distemper among the Horned Cattle
in these Kingdoms. 8vo. Lond. 1757.
Essay on the Bite of a Mad Dog. 8vo. Lond. 1762.
An Account of the Somersham. Water in the county of Hunting-
don. 8vo. Lond. 1767.
Pharmacopoeia in Usum Gravidarum Puerperarum, &c. 8vo.
Lond. 1776.
ROBERT PATE, M.D. A doctor of medicine of Aber-
deen, of 12th June, 1750 ; was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1752. He
was elected physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital
16th January, 1752 ; and died at his house in Hatton-
garden 13th January, 1762.
EDWARD ARCHER, M.D., was born in South wark,
and studied his profession first in Edinburgh, and
afterwards at Leyden, where he proceeded doctor of
medicine 26th August, 1746 (D.M.I, de Rheumatismo,
4to.). He was elected physician to the Small-pox hos-
pital in 1747 ; and was admitted a Licentiate of the
CoUege of Physicians 30th September, 1752. The great
object of Dr. Archer's life was the improvement of the
practice in small-pox, and the advancement of inocula-
tion. He was a humane, judicious, and learned physi-
cian ; and to the study of medicine he added that of
polite literature, which he patronised in most of its
branches. He was an accomplished classical scholar
and left behind him a valuable and well-chosen Jibrary.
Possessing a fortune adequate to his views in life, and
being fond of retirement and study, he was never soli-
citous about the emoluments of his profession, and for
some years before his death altogether declined private
1752] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 183
practice. His health at length giving way, and symp-
toms of hydrothorax manifesting themselves, he ex-
pressed a wish to be removed to the Small-pox hospital,
that he might die in an institution whose welfare he
had so much at heart, and with which he had been so
long and so honourably associated. Rooms were forth-
with prepared for his reception, and he died there on
the 28th March, 1789, in the seventy-second year of his
age. His remains were interred in a vault belonging
to his family at Woodford in Essex. The funeral, which
took place on the 4th April, was attended by the trea-
surer, house committee, and several governors of the
Small-pox hospital, who were anxious to testify their
regard for one who had served the institution so long
and so well. To the hospital, which owes so much to
his incessant and benevolent exertions during the long
period of forty-two years, Dr. Archer by his will be-
queathed 5001. In the board room of the hospital is an
excellent whole-length portrait of Dr. Archer, by Pine,
done in the year 1782, at the expense of the thirteen
governors who at that time composed the house com-
mittee. To each of those gentlemen who should be
alive at the time of his decease, the doctor bequeathed
the amount of their subscription on that occasion.
JOHN MONRO, M.D., was the eldest son of James
Monro, M.D., a fellow of the college before mentioned,
and was born at Greenwich 16th November, 1715. He
received his rudimentary education at Merchant Tay-
lors' school, and in 1733 was sent to St. John's college,
Oxford, of which society he became a fellow. He pro-
ceeded A.B. 13th May, 1737; A.M. llth July, 1740;
and in the April following was elected one of the Kad-
cliffe travelling fellows. He studied physic first at
Edinburgh and then at Leyden ; and was admitted
bachelor of medicine at Oxford, as a member of Univer-
sity college, IQth December, 1743. Returning to the
continent, he resided for some time in Paris, again
visited Holland, and after a short stay there proceeded
184 ROLL OF THE [1753
to Germany. He then visited Italy and returned
through France to England, which he reached in 1751,
when the term of his travelling fellowship had expired.
During his absence the university of Oxford had con-
ferred upon him (27th June, 1747), the degree of doc-
tor of medicine by diploma. His father's health begin-
ning to decline, he was, on the 24th July, 1751, shortly
after his arrival in England, appointed joint physician
with him to Bethlem hospital ; and on Dr. James
Monro's death, the following year, he was continued
so\f physician.
Dr. Monro was admitted a Candidate of the College
of Physicians 25th June, 1752 ; and a Fellow, 25th
June, 1753. He was Censor in 1754, 1759, 1763, 1768,
1772, 1778, 1785 ; and he delivered the Harveian ora-
tion in 1757, on which occasion he was honoured by the
presence of Don John de Braganza, brother to the king
of Portugal. Dr. Monro limited his practice almost ex-
clusively to insanity, and in the treatment of that disease
is said to have attained to greater eminence and success
than any of his contemporaries. In January, 1783,
while still in full business, he was attacked with para-
lysis. The strength of his constitution, however, en-
abled him to overcome the first effects of his disorder
and resume the exercise of his profession, but his
vigour, both of mind and body, began from that time to
decline. In 1787 his son Dr. Thomas Monro was ap-
pointed his assistant at Bethlem hospital, and he then
gradually withdrew from business. In the beginning
of 1791 he retired to Hadley, near Barnet, and there
continued until his death, which occurred, after a short
illness, on the 27th December, 1791, in the seventy-
seventh year of his age.
Dr. Monro possessed a correct and elegant taste for
the fine arts, and his collection of books and engravings
was very considerable. He was deeply versed in the
early history of engraving, and the specimens he had
collected of the works of the earlier engravers were
select and curious. From these, as well as from the
1753] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 185
communications of Dr. Monro, Mr. Strutt derived great
assistance in the preparation of his " Histoiy of En-
gravers." Horace and Shakspeare were Dr. Monro's
favourite authors, and his notes and remarks on the
latter were considerable. These he communicated to
Mr. Steevens previous to the publication by that gentle-
man of the works of our immortal bard. Dr. Monro's
fondness for reading was great, and proved a consider-
able resource to him in the evening of life fortunately
he was able to avail himself of this solace till within a
very few days of his death. His only published writ-
ings were his Harveian oration, and a small pamphlet
entitled " Remarks on Dr. Battle's Treatise on Mad-
ness." 8vo. Lond. 1758. This feeling tribute to a
father's memory, whose character he considered had
been unjustly assailed by Dr. Battie, has been already
alluded to. It perfectly effected its object, and, it is
said, covered Dr. Battie with well-merited ridicule. A
portrait of Dr. John Monro, presented by his great-
grandson Dr. Henry Monro, is in the College dining-
room. To Dr. John Monro the College is indebted for
two very fine manuscripts " of our ancient and great
benefactor Dr. Hamey." For these the thanks of the
College were voted 25th June, 1783.
ANTHONY ASKEW, M.D., was born at Kendal, in
Westmoreland, in 1722. He was the eldest son of
Adam Askew, M.B., of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, by his
wife Ann, daughter and co-heiress of Richard Cracken-
thorp, esq., of Newbiggin, co. Westmoreland. His
father was a physician in such estimation at Newcastle
that he was considered another Radcliffe, and was con-
sulted by all the families of consequence for many miles
around. Anthony Askew was educated at the gram-
mar school of Sedburgh, whence he proceeded to Emma-
nuel college, Cambridge, of which he was elected a
fellow, and where he remained until December, 1745,
when he took the degree of bachelor of medicine. He
then went to Leyden and remained there twelve months,
180 ROLL OF THE [1753
soon after which we find him in the suite of the English
ambassador at Constantinople. He remained abroad
for three years, visiting Athens and Hungary, and re-
turning home through Italy and Paris, where, in 1749,
he was elected a member of the Academy of Belles
Lettres. At Paris he had an opportunity of purchasing
several rare MSS., early editions of the classics, and
valuable books in various branches of science, and of
laying the foundation of that elegant and extensive
library which afterwards became so celebrated! Having
finished his travels, he returned to Cambridge, and
proceeded doctor of medicine in 1750. He settled in
London ; was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society
8th February, 1749 ; a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1752 ; and a Fellow, 25th June,
1753. On the 22nd August, 1754, he was elected
physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital. He delivered
the Harveian oration in 1758 ; was Censor in 1756,
1761, 1764, 1766, 1767; and Registrar from 1767 to
his death in 1774.
On Dr. Askew's settling in London he was visited by
all who were distinguished for learning or curious in
the fine arts. He soon acquired the warm friendship
of Dr. 'Mead, to whom he had, while studying physic
at the university of Leyden, dedicated his specimen of
an edition of ./Eschylus, and who, we are told by Dr.
Dibdin, " supported him with a sort of paternal zeal ;
nor did he find in his protege an ungrateful son. Few
minds were probably more congenial than were those
of Mead and Askew : the former had a magnificence of
sentiment which infused into the mind of the latter just
notions of a character aiming at solid intellectual fame,
without the petty arts and dirty tricks which we now
see too frequently pursued to obtain it. Dr. Askew,
with less pecuniary means of gratifying it, evinced an
equal ardour in the pursuit of books, MSS., and in-
scriptions. I have heard from a very worthy old gentle-
man who used to revel 'midst the luxury of Askew's
table, that few men exhibited their books and pictures,
1753] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 187
or, as he called it, showed the lions, better than did the
doctor. Of his attainments in Greek and Latin litera-
ture it becomes not me to speak, when such a scholar
as Dr. Parr has been eloquent in their praise." f Amongst
the other rich stores of Dr. Askew's library was a com-
plete collection of the editions of ^Eschylus, some illus-
trated with MS. notes, and likewise one or two, if not
more, MSS. of the same author, which were collected
purposely with the intention of publishing an edition
of ^Eschylus. So early as the year 1746 he had printed
a specimen of his intended edition, in a small quarto
pamphlet, under the title of" Novse Editionis Tragce-
diarum ^Eschyli Specimen, curante Antonio Askew,
M.B. Coll : Emman : apud Cantabrigienses haud ita
pridem Socio Commensali. Ludg : Bat: 1746." This
pamphlet, which has now become very scarce, consisted
only of 25 lines of the " Eumenides." It contained
various readings from his MSS. and books, and the
" Notae Variorum."
Dr. Askew resided in Queen 's-square. " His house
was crammed full of books, the passages were full, the
very garrets overflowed, and the wags of the day used
to say that the half of the square itself would have
done so before the book appetite of Dr. Askew would
have been satiated. He saw a good deal of company
attracted as well by the abundant luxuries with which
his table was furnished as by the classical conversations
and learned accounts of curiosities which he had brought
with him from Greece. Among the literary people who
were most frequently there, were Archbishop Markham,
Sir William Jones, Dr. Farmer, Demosthenes Taylor,
and Dr. Parr. By these distinguished persons Dr.
Askew was considered as a scholar of refined taste,
sound knowledge, and indefatigable research into every-
thing connected with Grecian and Roman learning. In-
deed, from his youth upwards, he had been distinguished
for his love of letters, and had received the early part
of his education under Richard Dawes the critic. His
father, on presenting him to the schoolmaster, marked
188 ROLL OF THE [1753
those parts of his back, which Dawes, who was cele-
brated for his unsparing use of the birch, might scourge
at his pleasure, excepting only his head from this disci-
pline ; and Dr. Askew was wont to relate with some
humour the terror with which he surveyed for the first
time this redoubted pedagogue. As a collector of books
Dr. Askew was the first who brought bibliomania into
fashion ; and no one exhibited his various treasures
better than himself. The eager delight with which he
produced his rare editions, his large paper copies, his
glistening gems and covetable tomes, would have raised
him high in the estimation of the Roxburgh club.
Some, indeed, were of such great rarity, that he would
not suffer them to be touched, but would show them to
his visitors through the glass cases of the cabinet of
his library, or, standing on a ladder, would himself read
aloud different portions of these inestimable volumes.
As no one had enjoyed greater opportunities, possessed
more sufficient means to gratify his taste, or had an
acuter discrimination, the Bibliotheca Askeviana was
well-known to all at home and abroad who were in the
least eminent for bibliographical research. And as he
had expressed a wish that his books might be unre-
servedly submitted to sale after his decease, the public
became ultimately benefited by his pursuits, and many
a collection was afterwards enriched by an Exemplar
Askevianum* Dr. Askew died at Hampstead 28th
February, 1774, aged fifty-two, and was buried there.
On a tablet near the organ in Hampstead church is the
following inscription :
Sacred to the memory of
ANTHONY ASKEW, M.D. F.R.S.,
who exchanged this life for a better,
the 28th day of February, 1774,
in the fifty-second year of his age.
Dr. Askew was twice married : 1st, to Margaret,
daughter of Cuthbert Swinburn, esq., of Long Witton,
* The Gold-Headed Cane. 2nd ed. Lend. p. 161, et seq.
1754] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 189
and the Westgate in Northumberland, but had no
issue by her ; 2ndly, to Elizabeth, daughter of Robert
Holford, esq., a master in chancery, by whom he had
six sons and six daughters.
The doctor's very valuable library was sold by Baker
and Leigh, on the 19th February, 1775, and nineteen
following days. The MSS. were sold separately in
1781, and produced a very considerable sum. The
Appendix to Scapula, published in 1789, was compiled
from one of these MSS. A fine portrait of Dr. Askew is
at Emmanuel college, Cambridge ; and the College of
Physicians possess a very curious model of him in un-
baked clay, the work of a Chinese, who had been his
patient ; and said to be an admirable likeness. This
was presented to the College by lady Pepys, the widow
of Sir Lucas Pepys, bart, M.D., and a daughter of Dr.
Askew. The splendid bust of Mead by Roubiliac, now
in the Censors' room, was presented by Dr. Askew 30th
September, 1756.*
RICHARD JONES was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 2 1st February, 1754. He
practised at Coventry, and died there 23rd January,
1762.
NATHAN ALCOCK, M.D., was born at Runcorn, in
Cheshire, in 1707, and, after studying his profession at
Edinburgh and Leyden, proceeded doctor of medicine
at the latter university in 1737 (D.M.I, de Peripneu-
monia Vera, sive de Pulmonum Inflammatione). On
the 22nd October, 1741, he was actually created master
of arts at Oxford by decree of Convocation. He pro-
* " So highly pleased was Dr. Askew with the execution of this
bust, that, though he had previously agreed with the sculptor for
50, he offered him 100 as the reward of his successful talent;
when, to his astonishment, the sordid Frenchman exclaimed it was
not enough, and actually sent in a bill for 108, 2s. ! The demand,
even to the odd shillings, was paid, and Dr. Askew inclosed the re-
ceipt to Hogarth, to produce at the next meeting of artists." The
Gold-Headed Cane. 2nd ed. 8vo. Lond. 1827. p. 159.
1SK) BOLL OF THE [1754
ceeded bachelor of medicine, as a member of Jesus
college, Oxford, 30th June, 1744 ; and doctor of medi-
cine 19th June, 1749. He was elected a fellow of the
Royal Society 25th January, 1749-50. He was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 16th
April, 1753 ; and a Fellow 8th April, 1754. Dr. Alcock
practised his profession for some years at Oxford, and
was for many years reader on anatomy and chemistry
in the university. He eventually removed to Run-
corn, where he died the 8th December, 1779. He was
buried in the parish church, and close to the chancel
screen is a marble monument thus inscribed :
Hie situs est
N. ALCOCK, fil. D. A. ex bona uxore sua M. Breck ;
in Academ: Oxon: et Lugdun: Batav: M.D., Coll: Med
Lond et B.S. Socius, necnon apud Oxonienses in Chymia
et Anatomia per multos annos celeberriinus Preelector.
Vitam iniit xxvii Sept: MDCCVII
finivit viii Dec: MDCCLXXIX.
Fratres superstites M. Alcock et Thomas Alcock
A.M. hujus ecclesiee vicarius hoc marmor posuerunt in
memoriam doctissimi et dignissimi vivi.
PETER SHAW, M.D. Of this eminent physician and
voluminous writer but few records remain. He is said
to have been descended from an old county family in
Berkshire, and was the son of Robert Shaw, A.M.,
master of the Grammar school at Lichfield, who died in
1704, and whose memorial is in St. Mary's church in
that city. Dr. Peter Shaw presumably was born at
Lichfield about 1694. Of his education, general or
medical, I fail to recover any particulars. Many of the
early years of his professional life were probably passed
in the country, and some of them certainly at Scar-
borough. But as early as 1726 he was already in
London, apparently without any degree, and practising
physic, without the licence of the College. * Where he
was residing for some years after this, is not known,
* "1726. July 1. Mr. Shaw appeared, said he was not deter-
mined to stay in town, nor to follow the practice of physic here."
1754] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 191
but he was " usefully employed in facilitating the study
of chemistry in England by his excellent translations of
the chemical works of Stahl and of Boerhaave, as well
as by his own writings and lectures on that subject/'*
On the 25th June, 1740, being then a doctor of medi-
cine, but of what university is not stated, he was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians, and
about that time must have settled in London, where
he soon attained popularity and an extensive busi-
ness. He was warmly patronised by Sir Edward Hulse,
bart., one of the court physicians then gradually with-
drawing himself from practice, who, writing in 1748
to Dr. Heberden, said that Dr. Shaw had even then
too much business, and more than he could possibly do.
In 1752 he was appointed physician extraordinary to
George II, and the same year was created doctor of me-
dicine at Cambridge, by royal mandate. After coming
again before the Censors' board for examination, he was
admitted a Candidate of the College 16th April, 1753,
and a Fellow 8th April, 1754. In the last named year
he was appointed physician in ordinary to the king, and
he was the usual medical attendant upon that monarch
in his journeys to Hanover. He was nominated to the
same office on the accession of George III, but did not
long survive, dying on the 15th March, 1763. He was
buried in the nave of Wimbledon church, where there
is the following inscription :
To the Memory of
PETER SHAW, M.D.
Physician in Ordinary to their
Majesties George the 2nd and George the 3d
who died March 15th, 1763.
Aged 69 Years.
Dr. Shaw had married Frances, the daughter of
John Hyde, esq., of Quorndon, co. Leicester. His
daughter Elizabeth, by this marriage, became the wife
* Thomson's Life, Lectures, and Writings of William Cullen, M.D.
8vo. Edinb. 1859. Vol. i, p. 39.
192 ROLL OF THE [1754
of Dr. Richard Warren. Dr. Shaw's portrait is in the
College. It was presented by Mrs. Pelham Warren,
19th April, 1836.
Dr. Shaw, who is now but little known, except by
his editions of Bacon and Boyle, was one of the most
active, industrious and favoured physicians of his time.
He wrote largely, and in some instances hastily, as he
was wont in his later years to confess, and as is admitted
by his son-in-law and eulogist, Dr. Richard Warren.
His character and services to literature and science are
so feelingly portrayed by Dr. Warren, in his Harveian.
oration for 1768, that I give the passage in a note.*
* Vir erat, si quis alius, ad societatem plane factus. Quid illo
aut fidelins amico ant sodali jucnndius ? Mira in sermone, mira
etiam in ore ipso vnltuqne snavitas. Ad hoc, ingenium dnlce, facile,
emditnm, semper infra aliorum aestimationes se metiens, nihil sibi
vindicans. Laboriosnm vitae curriculum, nt vobis vestrseque arti
quam maxime inserviret, institnit et peregit. Postquam Baconi
philosophiam illustrasset, et auctiorem reddidisset, ad artem chemi-
cam excolendam sese accinxit. Artem satis in se amplam invenit,
sed caligine involutam, iisque principiis fere innixam, quae vix in-
telligi, nednm explicari potuerunt. Hnic arti multum lucis attulit
insignis ille philosophise experimentalis instaurator Boyleus ; qui
tarn en non tarn nova chemiae extruxit fundamenta, quam dejecit
vetera : lautam satis supellectilem ab eo, rationes vero non accepi-
mus ; materiam unde erui possit vera rerum explicatio uberem satis
reliquit, explicationem vero non attigit. Hie igitur, cujus desiderio
omnes tenemur, farraginem Boyleanam apte, distincte, ordinate dis-
posuit, ex fumo lucem dedit, ea demum chemiae posuit principia, ut
artem vere philosophicam esse jam tandem agnoscamus, et quod
inter scientias jure reponi mereatur lubentissime illi acceptam refe-
ramus. Idem, juvenis admodum, literarnm et medicinae cultures
totum se tradidit ; quod satis testantur multa et erndita opera, non-
nulla quidem ab aliis scripta, sed ab eo edita et illustrata, nonnulla
proprio marte elaborata. Fatendum sane est, quod quaedam forsan
prsepropero et prsecoci ingenio, generosi tamen, etsi nondum subacti
saporis, inter prima studiorum rudimenta effudit : nee pudet hoc
fateri, cum hujusmodi scripta, quae aliorum famse, forsan satis essent,
ipse (nam saepe de iis pulchre disputantem audivi) ipse solitus est
minoris facere. " More scilicet magnorum virorum et magnarum
rerum fiduciam habentium ; nam levia ingenia, quia nihil habent,
nihil sibi detrahunt. Magno ingenio multaque nihilominus habituro,
convenit etiam simplex veri erroris confessio ; praecipueque in eo
ministerio, quod utilitatis causa posteris traditur." Oratio ex Har-
veii Institute habita MDCCLXVIII.
1754] KOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 193
Of the products of Dr. Shaw's prolific pen the follow-
ing is, I fear, but an imperfect list :
The Dispensatory of the Royal College of Physicians, London.
8vo. Lond. 1721.
A Treatise of Incurable Diseases. 4to. Lond. 1723.
The Philosophical Works of the Hon. Robert Boyle, abridged,
methodised, and disposed under the general heads of Physics,
Statics, Pneumatics, Natural History, Chemistry, and Medicine.
The whole illustrated with notes containing the improvements
made in the several parts of Natural and Experimental knowledge.
3 vols. 4to. Lond. 1725.
The Dispensatory of the Royal College of Physicians of Edin-
burgh. Translated from the Latin. 8vo. Lond. 1727.
A New Method of Chemistry, including the Theory and Prac-
tice of the Art, being a translation of Boerhaave's " Institutiones
Chemise." 4to. Lond. 1727.
A New Practice of Physic, wherein the various Diseases incident
to the Human Body are described, their Causes assigned, their
Diagnostics and Prognostics enumerated, and the Regimen proper
to each delivered ; with a competent number of Medicines for every
stage and symptom thereof, prescribed after the manner of the
most eminent physicians among the moderns, and particularly
those of London. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1726. The 7th edition of
which appeared in 1753.
Philosophical Principles of Universal Chemistry, from the Colle-
gium Jenense of Gr. E. Stahl. 8vo. Lond. 1730.
Three Essays in Artificial Philosophy, or Universal Chemistry.
8vo. Lond. 1731.
The Philosophical Works of Francis Bacon, Baron of Verulam,
&c., Methodised and made English from the Originals ; with occa-
sional notes to explain what is obscure and show how far the seve-
ral plans of the author for the advancement of all the parts of
knowledge have been executed to the present time. 3 vols. 4to.
Lond. 1733.
Chemical Lectures read in London in 1731 and 1732, and at
Scarborough in 1733, for the Improvement of Arts, Trades, and
Natural Philosophy. 8vo. Lond. 1734.
An Inquiry into the Contents and Virtues of the Scarborough
Spa. 8vo. Lond. 1734.
Examination of the Reasons for and against the Subscription for
a Medicament for the Stone. 8vo. Lond. 1738.
Inquiries on the Nature of Miss Stephens's Medicaments. 8vo.
Lond. 1738.
Essays for the Improvement of Arts, Manufactures, and Com-
merce, by means of Chemistry. 8vo. Lond. 1761.
Proposals for a Course of Chemical Experiments, with a view
to Practical Philosophy, Arts, Trade, and Business. 8vo. Lond.
1761.
VOL. II. O
194 ROLL OF THE [1754
New Experiments and Observations upon Mineral Waters, by
Dr. F. Hoffman, extracted from his Works, with Notes, &c. &c.
THOMAS WILBRAHAM, M.D., was at first of Brase-
nose college, Oxford, as a member of which he gradu-
ated A.B. 22nd April, 1721 ; but shortly afterwards,
removing to All Souls, he proceeded B.C.L. 14th June,
1727 ; and D.C.L. 7th July, 1732. On the llth No-
vember, 1738, he obtained from the university a licence
to practise medicine ; on the 25th March, 1741-2, was
admitted a fellow of the Royal Society ; and, removing
to London, was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians, 30th September, 1751. Dr. Wilbraham
was created doctor of medicine at Oxford, by diploma,
12th December, 1752 ; was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 16th April, 1753 ; and a
Fellow 8th April, 1754. He was Censor in 1754, 1760,
1765, 1769, 1773 ; and Treasurer from 1754 to 1761 in-
clusive. He died 29th March, 1782. Dr. Wilbraham
was physician to the Westminster hospital from 1739
to 1761.
WILLIAM SCHAW, M.D., was born in Scotland, and
educated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of
medicine 27th June, 1735 (D.M.I, de Morbis ex Animi
Passionibus orientibus). He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 23rd March, 1752 ;
and was created doctor of medicine at Cambridge, by
royal mandate, in 1753. Dr. Schaw was admitted a
Candidate of the College 16th April, 1753 ; and a Fel-
low 8th April, 1754. His name disappears from the
College list in 1757. He was the author of
A Dissertation on Stone in the Bladder. 4to. Lond. 1739.
A Scheme of Lectures on the Animal (Economy. 4to. Lond.
1739.
NICHOLAS MUNCKLEY, M.D., was educated in part at
Leyden, where, on the 25th August, 1745, being then
twenty-four years of age, he was entered on the physic
line. He was created doctor of medicine at Aberdeen
1754] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 195
10th March, 1747. On the 2nd July, 1748, he was
elected physician to Guy's hospital ; and on the 23rd
March, 1752, was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians. He was created doctor of medicine at
Cambridge, by royal mandate, in 1753 ; was admitted a
Candidate of the College 16th April, 1753 ; and a Fel-
low 8th April, 1754. He was Gulstonian Lecturer in
1756 ; Censor, 1756, 1762, 1766, 1767 ; and died 20th
February, 1770.
MARK AKENSIDE, M.D., was the son of Mark Aken-
side, a substantial butcher at Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
and was born in that town the 9th November, 1721.
He had the earliest part of his education at the gram-
mar school of Newcastle ; but his parents were dissen-
ters and they soon removed him from that school and
placed him at an academy in the town kept by Mr.
Wilson, a dissenting minister. The future poet and
physician was destined by his parents for the ministry,
and with this in view he was sent to Edinburgh in 1739 ;
but his inclination leading him to the study of medicine,
he returned a sum of money he had received from the
Dissenters' Society, and in his nineteenth year com-
menced attendance on the medical classes at Edinburgh.
He remained at Edinburgh two years, and applied him-
self with great diligence to the study of physic. On the
30th December, 1740, he was admitted a member of the
Medical Society of that city ; and in that capacity ac-
quired much reputation by his readiness and facility as
a speaker. He settled in his native town as a surgeon,
but after a short stay there proceeded to Leyden, where
he took the degree of doctor of medicine 16th May, 1744
(D.M.I, de Ortu et Incremento Foetus Humani. 4to.).
There he made the acquaintance of Mr. Dyson, a law
student, and being of congenial tempers, a friendship
was then commenced which lasted through their lives.
Returning to England, Dr. Akenside, in June, 1744,
settled as a physician at Northampton ; but remained
there for a year and a half only, the medical practice
o 2
196 ROLL OF THE [1754
and emoluments of that town and neighbourhood being
then engrossed by Dr. Stonehouse. Akenside then came
to London, under the patronage of Mr. Dyson, who had
then been called to the bar, and was possessed of a
handsome income, with a portion of which he supported
his friend, while he was endeavouring to make himself
known as a physician. On Mr. Dyson's becoming clerk
of the house of Commons, he purchased a house at
North End, Hampstead, where Akenside dwelt with
him during the summer season. Mr. Dyson, with a
generosity rarely witnessed, having assigned to Aken-
side an annual income of three hundred pounds to enable
him to make his way in the metropolis, he, in 1747,
removed to Bloomsbury-square, and became a candi-
date for town practice. He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1751 ; but hav-
ing, on the 4th January, 1753, been created doctor of
medicine at Cambridge, he was admitted a Candidate
16th April following: and a Fellow, 8th April, 1754.
He was Censor in 1755 and 1760 ; was Gulstonian
Lecturer in 1755 ; Croonian Lecturer in 1756 ;* and
Harveian orator in 1759. In 1759 he was elected
physician to St. Thomas's hospital, and assistant-phy-
sician to Christ's hospital ; and in 1761, through the
interest of his friend Mr. Dyson, was appointed physi-
cian in ordinary to the queen. Dr. Akenside died at
his house in Old Burlington-street, of a putrid sore
throat, the 23rd June, 1770, in the forty-ninth year of
his age, and was buried at St. James's, Piccadilly. " He
was much devoted to the study of ancient literature,
and was a great admirer of Plato, Cicero, and the best
philosophers of antiquity. His knowledge and taste
in this respect are conspicuous in his poems and in the
notes and illustrations which he annexed to them.
* "1755, May 28, 29, 30. Dr. Mark Akenside read the Gulsto-
nian Lecture." Annals.
"1756. September 7, 8, 9. Dr. Akenside read the Croonian
Lecture." Annals. There is certainly, therefore, no foundation
for the oft-repeated assertion that he did not finish this course of
lectures.
1754] ROYAL COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS. 197
That he had a sincere reverence for the great and fun-
damental principles of religion is apparent from several
passages in his writings, and he was warmly attached
to the cause of civil and religious liberty/' Dr. Aken-
side was never married, and left all his effects to his
warm and constant friend Mr. Dyson. The life of Aken-
side has been so often written, and is of such easy ac-
cess, that I have confined myself to a record of his pro-
fessional career. Dr. Akenside is the author of the
preface to the College edition of Harvey's works in
quarto, published in 1766,* and he it was who saw the
work through the press. His medical publications were
the following :
Oratio Harveiana. 4to. Lond. 1760.
De Dysenteria Commentarius. 8vo. Lond. 1764.
THOMAS WHARTON, M.D., was the eldest son of Mr.
Robert Wharton, alderman and sometime mayor of
Durham, by his wife Mary, daughter of Richard Mid-
dleton, of Offerton, esq. He was educated at Pem-
broke college, Cambridge, of which house he was a fel-
low. He proceeded A.B. 1737 ; A.M. 1741 ; M.D.
1752 ; was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 3 Oth September, 1752 ; and a Fellow 25th June,
1754. He practised in London fora few years only ;
was Censor in 1757 ; and in 1759 removed to Old Park,
Durham, the family estate ; and dying there, was buried
at Whit worth, in the county palatine, 22nd December,
1794, aged seventy-seven.
CHARLES MILNER, M.D.. was of Christ's college,
Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded A.B.
1720. On the 8th September, 1721, he was entered
on the physic line at Leyden. Returning to Cambridge
he proceeded A.M. 1725 ; and M.D. 1734. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1753 ; and a Fellow 25th June, 1754. In that,
* Annals, 3rd March, 17t>6.
198 ROLL OF THE [1755
year he settled at Aylesford hall, near Maidstone ; and
died there in 1771 or 1772.
ANDREW DIDIER, M.D., was a doctor of medicine
of Aberdeen, 10th December, 1753. He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 23rd Decem-
ber, 1754 ; and was elected physician to the Middlesex
hospital 2nd January, 1755. His health, however, at
once gave way. In May he went to Bristol to drink
the waters ; and he died in July, 1756.
HENRY HINCKLEY, M.D., was educated at Magdalen
college, Cambridge, as a member of which he took the
degree of A.B. in 1749 ; when, removing to King's col-
lege, he proceeded M.D. in 1754. He was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 23rd December,
1754 ; and a Fellow, 22nd December, 1755 ; was Cen-
sor in 1758, 1762, 1770, 1774, 1777; and Treasurer
from 1762 to his death on the 1st November, 1779.
Dr. Hinckley was elected physician to the Middlesex
hospital 23rd January, 1752. He was appointed phy-
sician to Guy's hospital 26th June, 1756; and a few
days after resigned his office at the Middlesex, in which
he was succeeded by Dr. Richard Warren.
HENRY MYDDELTON, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
St. Andrew's of 1st April, 1755 ; was admitted a Li-
centiate of the College 12th April, 1756,
ANTONY ADDINGTON, M.D., was the youngest son of
Henry Addington, gent., of Fringford, in Oxfordshire,
and received his preliminary education at Winchester,
whence he was elected to Trinity college, Oxford, as a
member of which he proceeded A.B. 14th July, 1739 ;
A.M. 13th May, 1740; M.B. 6th February, 1741 ; M.D.
24th January, 1744. His bodily powers, which had
never been very robust, gave way somewhat suddenly
about the year 1740, and serious apprehensions were
entertained by his friends as to the result. He was ad-
vised to return to the country, where, by close care of
1756] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 199
himself, continued uninterruptedly for several years, he
at length recovered sufficiently to enter on the practice
of his profession at Reading. He is known to have ob-
tained a good practical knowledge of the treatment of
insanity, and he is supposed to have been connected,
whilst at Heading, with a private asylum, in the capa-
city of physician, proprietor, or both. In 1754 he re-
moved to London, was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 24th March, 1755 ; and a Fellow,
25th June, 1756. He delivered the Gulstonian lectures
in 1757, and was Censor the same year. Dr. Addington
practised with distinguished reputation in London for a
period of more than twenty years. He was the confi-
dential friend and physician of the great lord Chatham,
and a friendship grew up between their respective fami-
lies which produced the happiest effects to both. The
doctor was an ardent politician, and was prominently
engaged in some political negotiations which created
much noise in their day, lengthened particulars of which
may be seen in Dodsley's Annual Register. About the
year 1780 he withdrew from practice, having realised by
his profession sufficient for the purchase of the valuable
reversionary estate of Upottery in Devonshire, which
is still possessed by his family. During his latter years
he resided again in Reading, where, on the 26th No-
vember, 1788, he received bis royal highness the prince
of Wales' commands " to proceed immediately to Wind-
sor to consult with his majesty's physicians on the cure
of his majesty." Dr. Addington remained at Windsor
four days, visiting the king twice each day. He was
afterwards examined, in conjunction with the king's
physicians Sir George Baker, Sir Lucas Pepys, Drs.
Warren, Gisborne, Reynolds, and Willis first on the
.3rd December by the privy council, and again on the
9th by the parliamentary committee. On both occa-
sions he expressed a very strong expectation of his
majesty's recovery, founded on the circumstance " that
this illness had not for its forerunner that melancholy
which usually precedes a serious attack of this nature."
200 ROLL OF THE [1756
The king's temporary recovery, shortly afterwards,
evinced the correctness of his prognosis. Dr. Adding-
ton died at Reading on the 22rid March, 1790,* and
was buried in Tringford church, where a marble tablet,
with the following simple inscription, denotes the place
of his repose :
Near this place are interred the remains of
ANTONY ADDINGTON, M.D.,
* Addingtonus noster, loco natus honesto, ab ingenio literis a
puero optime fuerat instructus. A Wiccamicis in Sacro-Sanctse
Trinitatis Oxonii Collegium translates ; ubi studiis operam tarn
felici successu navavifc ut primam lauream mature adeptus est.
Adversa autem valetudine nimium festinanter ab Oxonio, et in rus,
nt natalis soli et aeris frueretur oblectamentis, recipere se coactus :
ibi, victus regimine attente servato, annis pins minus quam decem
in hunc modum exactis, convaluit. Sed dum rusticus fait, ne
animi facultates in otio torpescerent, libros fere omnes de anatomia,
de physiologia, et de chemia ; multos etiam in re medica Gragcorum
scriptores, animo in ea studia intentiore, perlegit ; praecipue autem,
et prae aliis, Boerhaavii opera evolvebat ; cujus semper scholee se
amatorem professus est. Quare tandem in sanitatem restitutus,
ut prselectiones omnes, vitse institute quam maxime consentaneas,
exaudire potuerit, in Oxonium denuo et mox Londinum sese con-
tulit : deinde titulo doctoris medicines apud Oxonienses suos ador-
natus, sede et domicilio Readings constitutis, ad medendi scientiam
in praxin reducendam eadern industria, eodem, quo antea in acqui-
rendo, labore indefesso incubuit ; uxorem, benignam sociam, sibi
adjunxit, e qua paterfamilias factus f uit ; et e filiis ejus, natu maxi-
mus comitiorum in senatu fait Rogator illustris, et in hunc excelsum
honorem ob doctrinam summam cathedras illi sublimiori maxime
idoneam, et ob eloquentiam dilucidam publics, voce vocatus. Post
aliquot annos Addingtonus noster, sedibus in Londinum translatis,
eadem diligentia simul atque ingenio in urbe ut olim in rure mag-
nam sibi famam consecutus est. Quanto honore omnes medendi
rationes exercuit exquisitas, quam singulari unumquemque asgrotum
assiduitate observavit, base omnia vobis omnibus inclaruerunt, et me
dicere vetant hujusce orationis limites.
Fama indies digniore amplificatus, per viginti et plures annos
Londini artem nostram exercuit ; Spartam nactus est, et earn strenue
exornavit ; annos jam pene septuaginta natus, et in senectutem ver-
gens, Readingam denuo rediit, ubi prorsus medicinae usus deposue-
rat, paucorum nisi infelicium et miserorum gratia, quos rure apud
se humanius receperat, et quibus auxilium et operam usque ad octo-
gesimum et ultimum jam vitas annum benigne largitus est ; et subito
eublatus fuit. Oratio Harveiana, anno MDCCXC. habita, autore
Joanne Ash.
1756] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 201
who died March 22nd, 1790, aged 76 years ;
and of MART his wife,
who died November the 7th, 1778.
Dr. Addington had survived to witness his eldest
son's elevation to the chair of the house of Commons,
and, yet more, the handsome manner in which the
House voted in his behalf, and for the first time, a
fixed annual salary in place of the fluctuating and
objectionable manner, partly by fees, and partly from
sinecures conferred by the Crown, in which the speakers
had hitherto been remunerated. Dr. Addington's bust
is in the College library. It was taken after death, by
command of his distinguished son, lord Sidmouth, "to
preserve in marble those features which for so many
years he was accustomed to regard with delight and
reverence," and was presented to the College by lord
Chatham in 1827. Dr. Addington was the author of
two pamphlets, viz. :
An Essay on the Scurvy, with the Method of Preserving Water
Sweet at Sea. 8vo. Lond. 1753.
An Authentic Account of the Part taken by the late Earl of
Chatham in a Transaction which passed in the beginning of the
Year 1778, concerning a Negotiation between Lord Camden and
Lord Bute.
RICHARD BROCKLESBY, M.D., was the only son of
Richard Brocklesby, esq., of Cork, by his wife Mary
Alloway, of Minehead, co. Somerset, where, at the re-
sidence of his maternal grandfather, he was born on the
llth August, 1722. He received his preliminary edu-
cation at Ballytore, in the north of Ireland, at the same
school in which Edmund Burke was subsequently edu-
cated. He commenced the study of medicine at Edin-
burgh, and on the 3rd March, 1742, was admitted a
member of the Medical Society there. He was entered
on the physic line at Ley den 22nd November, 1743,
attended the lectures of Albinus, Gaubius, Oosterdijk
Schacht, and Van Royen, and proceeded doctor of me-
dicine there 28th June, 1745 (D.M.I. de Saliva Sana
202 ROLL OF THE [1756
et Morbos&. 4to.). Soon after this Dr. Brocklesby
settled in London, and was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 1st April, 1751. On the
28th September, 1754, he was created doctor of medi-
cine by the university of Dublin ; and having, in De-
cember of the same year, been incorporated at Cam-
bridge on that degree, he was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 25th June, 1755 ; and a Fel-
low, 25th June, 1756. He was Gulstonian lecturer in
1758; Censor, 1758, 1763, 1765; Harveian orator in
1760; Croonian lecturer in 1763; and finally was
named an Elect in 1778 in place of Dr. James Hawley,
deceased. On the 1st October, 1787, Dr. Brocklesby
presented to the College an elegant copy of Graevius
and Gronovius's Thesaurus Antiquitatum Romanarum et
Grsecarum,in 25 volumes folio, being the best edition ; for
which he received the unanimous thanks of the College.
In 1758, on the recommendation of Dr. Peter Shaw,
and through the patronage of lord Barrington, Dr.
Brocklesby was appointed physician to the army, and
in this capacity served for some time in Germany
during the seven years' war. He distinguished himself
there by his knowledge, zeal, and humanity, and at-
tracted to himself the notice of the duke of Eichmond,
lord Pembroke, and others. Jn October, 1760, he was
appointed physician to the hospitals for. the British
forces, and once more proceeded to the seat of war ; but,
finally, returned to England some time before the peace
of 1763. He then settled in Norfolk-street, Strand,
where he died somewhat suddenly on the llth Decem-
ber, 1797, aged seventy -five. At dinner he appeared to
be in his usual health and spirits, but he expired sud-
denly a few minutes after retiring to bed. He was
buried at St. Clement Danes.
Dr. Brocklesby bad early attained a considerable rank
in his profession, and from the time he settled in Nor-
folk-street, had lived on terms of intimacy and friend-
ship with the most distinguished men of his day, to
whom he was recommended by his medical skill, his be-
1756] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 203
nevolence, and his literary attainments. Dr. Brocklesby
was the physician and friend of Johnson, of Wilkes,
and of Edmund Burke, and was generally esteemed for
his acquirements, conversational and social qualities.
His income from private and professional sources was
more than adequate to his wants, and his table was fre-
quently filled with persons the most distinguished for
rank, learning, and abilities, in the kingdom. His
generous offer to Dr. Johnson of an annuity to enable him
to resort to a milder climate ; and also of apartments in
his own house in Norfolk-street when Johnson's confined
dwelling in Bolt-court was considered injurious to his
health, is well known ; as is also the circumstance that,
having bequeathed in his will a legacy of 1,000 to
Edmund Burke, he gave it to him in his life -time, be-
fore the grant of an ample pension had made such a
gift no longer necessary for his comfort. And it was
Dr. Brocklesby who suggested and aided by Sir Samp-
son Gideon raised a subscription for the support of cap-
tain Coram, the founder of the Foundling hospital, who
had impoverished himself and exhausted his means on
that noble institution.* Dr. Brocklesby bequeathed
his Irish estates, which were considerable, to his ne-
phew, Mr. Beeby ; and to another nephew, the very
celebrated Dr. Thomas Young, his house and furniture in
Norfolk-street, his library, his prints, a choice collection
of pictures, chiefly selected by his friend, Sir Joshua
Reynolds, and about 10,000 in money ; other legacies
were made to his servants and to other members of his
family. Dr. Brocklesby's portrait, by Copley, was en-
graved by Ridley. He contributed some papers to the
Philosophical Transactions, and to the " Medical Obser-
vations and Inquiries," and was the author of
* On Dr. Brocklesby's applying to Captain Coram to know
whether his setting on foot a subscription for his benefit would not
offend him, he received this noble answer : " I have not wasted the
little wealth of which I was formerly possessed in self -indulgence or
vain expenses, and am not ashamed to confess that in my old age I
am poor." Biographia Britannica, Art. Coram.
204 ROLL OF THE [1756
An Essay concerning the Mortality among Horned Cattle. 8vo.
Lond. 1746.
Economical and Medical Observations from 1758 to 1763, tending
to the Improvement of Military Hospitals. 8vo. Lond. 1764.
A Dissertation on the Music of the Ancients.
WILLIAM WATTS, M.D., was the son of John Watts,
junr., of Danett's hall, co. Leicester, a barrister, who sank
a considerable fortune in the South Sea scheme, and died
in 1728, aged thirty- two, by his wife Elizabeth, daugh-
ter of Nicholas Mosley, esq. As a doctor of medicine, of
King's college, Aberdeen, of 22nd March, 1753, he was
admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 8th September, 1756. He practised in Leices-
tershire, his native county, and was a man of philan-
thropic aims and persuasive eloquence. By his periodical
addresses to the affluent he laid the foundation of
the Leicester infirmary. When Dr. Vaughan, in 1771,
received the thanks of the first general meeting of the
subscribers for his great care in compiling and digesting
the rules and orders for the government of the infirm-
ary, Dr. Watts also received the thanks of the meeting
in language of the highest commendation as being the
first public projector of that charity. Dr. Watts died
17th December, 1786, aged sixty-one, and is commemo-
rated on a mural tablet in the chancel of Medbourne
church, co. Leicester, which bears the following inscrip-
tion :
In memory of
WILLIAM WATTS, M.D.,
who resided some years in this place,
where his charitable attention to the sick and needy
claims the tribute of a grateful remembrance.
In friendship few exceed him ;
in benevolence none ;
his name will be ever respected for the great exertions
he used to establish an infirmary at Leicester,
which he saw happily accomplished,
received the warmest acknowledgments,
and was voted a perpetual governor.
He died December 17th, 1786, aged sixty-one years.
JOHN CLERKE, M.D., was educated at Peterhouse,
1756] EOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 205
Cambridge, of which he was a fellow. He proceeded
A.B. 1738 ; A.M. 1742 ; M.D. 1753 ; was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1755 ; arid a Fellow 30th September, 1756. He
was Censor in 1758. Dr. Clerke settled at Epsom in
1763, and died about the year 1791, in which year his
name disappears from the college list.
WILLIAM HUNTER, M.D., was born on the 23rd
May, 1718, at Kilbride, in Lanarkshire. He was the
son of John Hunter, the owner of a small estate called
Long Calderwood, a man of excellent understand-
ing and of great integrity, but of an anxious temper,
by his wife Agnes (Paul), a woman of great worth, of
a handsome person and considerable talents. When
fourteen years of age he was sent to the university of
Glasgow, where he passed five years, and by his be-
haviour and diligence acquired the esteem of his pro-
fessors, and the reputation of a good scholar. At this
period he was intended for the church ; but some con-
scientious objections respecting subscription arose in
his mind, and while in doubt and uncertainty he met
with Dr. Cullen, who was then in practice at Hamilton.
Cullen's conversation soon determined him to lay aside
all thoughts of the church, and devote himself to the
profession of physic. His father's consent having been
obtained, Mr. Hunter, in 1737, went to reside with
Dr. Cullen, and remained there for nearly three years,
a period to which in after life he was accustomed to
look back with the utmost pleasure, and which he re-
garded as the happiest of his life. It was then agreed
that he should go and prosecute his medical studies at
Edinburgh and London, and afterwards settle at
Hamilton in partnership with Dr. Cullen. He passed
the winter session of 1740-1 at Edinburgh, and in the
summer of 1741 arrived in London and took up his
residence with Mr. afterwards Dr. Smellie, at that
time an apothecary in Pall-mall. He had brought
with him from Scotland a letter of recommendation to
206 ROLL OF THE [1756
Dr. James Douglas, the well-known anatomist and
obstetric physician, who was then engaged upon a work
on the bones, and was in search of a young man of
ability and industry whom he might employ as a dis-
sector. This circumstance fixed his attention on Hunter,
and finally induced him to invite him into his family, for
the double purpose of assisting in dissections and super-
intending the education of his son. Mr. Hunter, having
accepted Dr. Douglas's offer, was by his friendly
assistance entered as a surgeon's pupil of St. George's
hospital, and as a dissecting pupil of Dr. Frank
Nicholls, who was then teaching anatomy with great
reputation. He also attended a course of lectures by
Dr. Desaguliers, on experimental philosophy. Hunter
soon became expert in dissection, and Dr. Douglas was
at the expense of having some of his preparations en-
graved. But before many months had elapsed he had
the misfortune to lose his friend and patron, who died in
April, 1 742, leaving a widow and two children. The death
of Dr. Douglas made no change, however, in Hunter's
situation, for he continued to reside with the doctor's
family, and to pursue his studies with the same dili-
gence as before. To teach anatomy was now the object
of his ambition, and in 1746 an opportunity of doing
so occurred which he at once embraced. A society of
naval surgeons had an apartment in Covent-garden,
where they engaged Mr. Sharpe to deliver a course of
lectures on the operations of surgery. Mr. Sharpe con-
tinued to repeat this course, until, finding that it in-
terfered too much with his other engagements, he de-
clined it in favour of Hunter, who gave the society so
much satisfaction that they requested him to extend
his plan to anatomy, and, as an encouragement to do
so, allowed him the use of their room for that purpose.
In this new department he gave equal satisfaction to
his hearers, and thenceforward continued his lectures
with steadily increasing reputation for a long series of
years. In 1747 Mr. Hunter was admitted a member
of the Corporation of Surgeons, and in the spring
1756] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 207
of the following year accompanied his pupil, James
Douglas, on a tour through Holland to Paris. At Ley-
den he visited Albinus, whose admirable injections in-
spired him with a strong desire to excel in that de-
partment of anatomy. In the early part of his career,
Hunter practised both surgery and midwifery, but he
always entertained an aversion to the former, and
gradually confined himself to the latter line of practice,
for which he was singularly calculated by the delicacy
of his manners and a very quick perception of the
caprices of the world. Dr. Douglas had acquired a
high reputation in this branch, and Hunter's connec-
tion with him not unnaturally led him into the same
line of practice. He was appointed one of the surgeons-
accoucheur to the Middlesex hospital in 1748, and to
the British Lying-in hospital in 1749. Some favourable
circumstances conspired also to advance his prospects.
Dr. Smellie, although a man of merit, was unpleasing
in his exterior and manners, and was unable to make
way amongst the refined and fastidious. The abilities
of Hunter at least equalled those of Smellie, and his
person and deportment gave him a decided advantage.
Sir Richard Manningham, one of the most eminent
accoucheurs of the time, died about this period, and
Dr. Sandys, who divided with him the fashion of the
day, retired into the country a few years after the
commencement of Hunter's reputation. On the 24th
October, 1750, Hunter obtained the degree of doctor
of medicine from the university of Glasgow, and about
that time quitting the house of Mrs. Douglas, settled
in Jermyn-street, when he entirely relinquished his
practice as a surgeon, and began his career as a physi-
cian. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1756.
In 1762 Dr. Hunter was consulted by queen Char-
lotte, and two years afterwards was appointed physi-
cian extraordinary to her Majesty. By this time his
engagements had become so numerous that he was
compelled to seek an assistant in his lectures, and
208 ROLL OF THE [1756
Mr. Hewson, then one of his pupils, was engaged, first as
assistant and subsequently was admitted as a partner
in the lectures. This connection subsisted until 1770,
when a separation was occasioned by some disputes,
and Mr. Cruikshank succeeded to the office. In 1767
Dr. Hunter was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society,
and in the following year a fellow of the Society of
Antiquaries. In 1768 he was appointed by George
the Third professor of anatomy to the Royal Academy,
an office on which he conferred celebrity by the zeal and
ability with which he discharged its difficult and oner-
ous duties. On the death of Dr. Fothergill, Dr. Hun-
ter was unanimously elected president of the Medical
Society of London, and in 1780 the Royal Medical
Society of Paris created him one of its foreign asso-
ciates. He soon afterwards obtained a similar distinc-
tion from the Royal Academy of Sciences of that city.
About ten years before Dr. Hunter's end, his health
was so much impaired that, fearing he might soon become
unfit for the profession which he loved, he proposed to re-
cruit himself by a residence in Scotland, and was on the
point of purchasing a considerable estate when the pro-
ject was frustrated by a defect in the title-deeds. This
trifle banished his rural plans, and he remained in Lon-
don continually declining in health, but pursuing dis-
tinction with the same ardour with which he had
courted it in his earlier days. He rose from a bed of
sickness to deliver an introductory lecture to a course
on the operations of surgery, in opposition to the earnest
remonstrances of his friends. The lecture was accord-
ingly delivered, but it was his last ; towards the con-
clusion his strength was so much exhausted that he
fainted away, and was finally replaced in the chamber
which he had been so eager to quit. In a few days he
was no more. Turning to his friend Dr. Combe in his
latter moments, he observed, " If I had strength enough
to hold a pen, I would write how easy and pleasant a
thing it is to die." He expired on the 30th March,
1783, and was buried in the rector's vault of St. James's,
1756] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 209
Piccadilly. A mural monument on the south of the
church is thus inscribed :
Sacred
to the Memory of
William Hunter, M.D., F.R.S.,
celebrated as a physician
and physiologist.
Born at Kilbride in Lanarkshire, May 23rd, 1718.
Died in London March 30th, 1783.
When Dr. Hunter began to practise obstetrics his
ambition was fixed on the acquisition of a fortune suffi-
cient to place him in easy and independent circum-
stances. Before many years had elapsed, he found him-
self in possession of a sum adequate to his wishes in
this respect, and this he set apart as a resource of which
he might avail himself whenever age or infirmities
should oblige him to retire from business. After he
had obtained this competency, as his wealth continued
to accumulate, he formed a remarkable and praiseworthy
design of engaging in some scheme of public utility, and
at first had it in contemplation to found an anatomical
school in this metropolis. For this purpose, about the
year 1765, during the government of Mr. Grenville, he
presented a memorial to that minister, in which he
requested the grant of a piece of ground in the Mews
for the site of an anatomical theatre. Dr. Hunter un-
dertook to expend seven thousand pounds on the build-
ing, and to endow a professorship of anatomy in per-
petuity. This scheme did not meet with the reception
which it deserved. In a conversation on this subject,
soon afterwards, with the earl of Shelburne, his lordship
expressed a wish that the plan might be carried into exe-
cution by subscription, and very generously requested to
accompany his name with a thousand guineas. Dr.
Hunter's delicacy would not allow him to adopt this pro-
posal. He chose rather to execute the plan at his own
expense, and accordingly purchased a spot of ground in
Great Windmill-street, where he erected a spacious house,
to which he removed from Jermyn-street in 1770. In this
VOL. ir. p
210 ROLL or THE [1756
building, besides a handsome amphitheatre and other
convenient apartments for his lectures and dissections,
one magnificent room was fitted up with great elegance
and propriety as a museum, only second in extent and im-
portance to that subsequently formed by his distinguished
brother and pupil, John Hunter. Of the magnitude and
value of Dr. Hunter's collection some idea may be formed
when we consider the great length of years which he em-
ployed in making anatomical preparations, and in the
dissection of morbid bodies, added to the eagerness
with which he procured additions from the museums of
Sandys, Falconer, Blackall, and others which were at
different times offered for sale in the metropolis. Friends
and pupils were constantly augmenting his store with
new specimens. On removing to Windmill -street, he
began to extend his views to the embellishment of his
collection by a magnificent library of Greek and Latin
classics, and he formed also a very rare cabinet of ancient
medals, which was at the time considered as only infe-
rior to that belonging to the king of France. The coins
alone had been purchased at an expense of twenty
thousand pounds. Minerals, shells, and other objects
of natural history were gradually added to this museum,
which became an object of curiosity throughout Europe.
It now enriches the university of Glasgow, to which it,
with eight thousand pounds as a fund for the support
and augmentation of the whole, was bequeathed by its
liberal owner.*
Dr. Baillie has said of Dr. Hunter, that " no one ever
possessed more enthusiasm for his art, more persevering
industry, more acuteness of investigation, more per-
spicuity of expression, or, indeed, a greater share of
natural eloquence. He excelled very much any lecturer
whom I have ever heard in the clearness of his arrange-
ment, the aptness of his illustrations, and the elegance
of his diction. He was perhaps the best teacher of ana-
tomy that ever lived.
* Lives of British Physicians. 2nd edition. Lond. 1857. p.
224, et seq.
1756] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 211
" Of the person of Dr. Hunter it may be observed
that he was regularly shaped, but of a slender make,
and rather below a middle stature. His manner of
living was extremely simple and frugal, and the quan-
tity of his food was small, as well as plain. He was an
early riser, and when business was over, was constantly
engaged in his anatomical pursuits, or in his museum.
There was something very engaging in his manner and
address, and he had such an appearance of attention to
his patients when he was making his inquiries' as could
scarcely fail to conciliate their confidence and esteem.
In consultation with his medical brethren he delivered
his opinion with diffidence and candour. In familiar
conversation he was cheerful and unassuming. All
who knew him allow that he possessed an excellent
understanding, great readiness of perception, a good
memory, and a sound judgment. With these intel-
lectual powers he united uncommon assiduity and pre-
cision, so that he was admirably fitted for anatomical
investigation." Dr. Hunter's portrait, by Zoffani, is at
the College. It was presented by Mr. Bransby Cooper,
13th April, 1829.
Dr. Hunter contributed several papers to the " Philo-
sophical Transactions " and the " Medical Observations
and Inquiries," and published
Medical Commentaries. Part I. Containing a plain and direct
Answer to Professor Monro, jun., with Remarks on the Structure,
Functions, and Diseases of several Parts of the Human Body. 4to.
Lond. 1762.
Supplement to the First Part of Medical Commentaries. 4to.
Lond. 1764.
Anatomy of the Human Gravid Uterus exhibited in Figures. Fol.
Birm. 1744.
After his death appeared
Two Introductory Lectures to his Course of Anatomical Lectures.
4to. Lond. 1784.
Anatomical Description of the Human Gravid Uterus and its
Contents. 4to. Lond. 1794.
SIR WILLIAM DUNCAN, Bart., M.D., was a doctor of
medicine of the university of St. Andrew's of 4th May,
p 2
212 ROLL OF THE [1757
1751 ; and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1756. He was appointed
physician in ordinary to George the Third shortly after
his accession to the throne, and was created a baronet
in 1764, the year preceding which he had married lady
Mary, daughter of Sackville, earl of Thanet. Sir William
Duncan died at Naples in 1774. His body was brought
to England, and buried at Hampstead.
SAMUEL WATHEN, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Aberdeen of 28th September, 1752 ; was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1756. He died at Dorking in 1787.
JOHN FORDYCE, M.D., was born in the north of
Scotland, and received his medical education at Leyden,
where, on the 1st December, 1737, when twenty-one
years of age, he was inscribed on the physic line. He
left Leyden without taking a degree, and settling at
Uppingham, practised for several years as a surgeon
apothecary. Having realised a competency he disposed
of his business there to Dr. Garthshore ; was created
doctor of medicine by Marischal college, Aberdeen, 7th
March, 1756, and settling in London, was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 4th April, 1757.
His name disappears from the list of 1760. He was
the author of
Historia Febris Miliaris et de Hemicrania. 8vo. Lond. 1758.
From the last-named disease, hemicrania, Dr. For-
dyce had himself suffered long and most severely. He
cured himself by drachm doses of the valeriana sylves-
tris in powder taken three or four times a- day.
JOHN MANNING, M.D. On the 21st September,
1753, being then twenty-three years of age, he was in-
scribed on the physic line at Leyden. He graduated
doctor of medicine there in 1756 (D.M.I, de Cachexia
Virginea, 4to.) ; and was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the-College of Physicians llth April, 1757. He
1757] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 213
settled at Norwich ; was appointed one of the physicians
to the Norfolk and Norwich hospital on its establish-
ment in 1772, and continued in that office until 1805.
Dr. Manning died at Norwich 16th March, 1806, aged
seventy-six, and was buried at St. Gregory's in that city,
where there is a monument with the following inscrip-
tion :
In a vault in the middle aisle of this church
are deposited the remains of
JOHN MANNING, M.D.,
who died the 16th March, 1806,
in the seventy-sixth year of his age.
His practice as a physician in this city and county
was highly honourable to himself and beneficial to the public.
His exertions in favour of the Norwich and Norfolk hospital
were unremitting and exemplary.
The excellencies and virtues of his private character
not less endeared him to all who knew him,
and who did not know him in the wide circle in which he moved ?
His understanding was of the first form and enriched by extensive
reading.
He was a scholar without pride,
a Christian without bigotry,
and devout without ostentation.
His penetration into character was keen,
but tempered with the manners of a gentleman ;
he was severe only to hypocrisy and open vice.
He selected his intimate friends with judgment,
but was steady and unaltered in his attachments to them.
His beneficence was great ;
it was not so much the sacrifice to duty
as the offspring of a feeling heart,
which extended to the whole animal creation.
In fine, his Creator had been liberal to him,
and, as far as man can judge,
he did not misuse the Creator's bounty.
This testimony to his memory is not the tribute of relatives
alone, but also of a stranger to his blood, whom from an
intimate acquaintance of many years had known indeed
to love, but never knew to flatter.
In the same vault are also interred the remains of
ANN MANNING, his wife,
who died the 17th February, 1812, aged eighty-two years.
SIR GEORGE BAKER, BART., M.D. This profound
scholar and accomplished physician was born in Devon-
214 ROLL OF THE [1757
shire in 1722. He was the son of the Rev. George
Baker, vicar of Modbury, and archdeacon and registrar
of Totnes, by his wife, a daughter of Dr. Stephen
Weston, bishop of Exeter. He was educated at Eton,
and was transferred thence in July, 1742, to King's col-
lege, Cambridge, of which society he was elected a
fellow. He proceeded A.B. 1745; A.M. 1749; M.D.
1756 ; was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 30th September, 1756 ; and a Fellow, 30th Sep-
tember, 1757. He commenced his professional career
at Stamford in Lincolnshire, to which place he had been
invited by a large circle of friends whom he had known
in early life ; but this was a situation too limited for
the exertion of his talents, and about the year 1761 he
removed to London, where he rapidly rose to the fore-
most rank in his profession. He filled in succession the
most important offices in our College ; was Censor in
1761, 1764, 1774, 1780 ; Harveian orator in 1761 ;
Elect in 1780; and President, 1785, 1786, 1787, 1788,
1789, 1790, 1792, 1793, 1795. He was successively
appointed physician to the queen's household, physician
in ordinary to the queen, and physician in ordinary to
the king (George the Third). He was created a baronet
26th August, 1776. Sir George Baker was a fellow of
the Royal Society and of the Society of Antiquaries,
and an honorary fellow of the College of Physicians of
Edinburgh, and one of the foreign fellows of the Royal
Society of Medicine of Paris. He resigned his office of
elect in July, 1798, and died 15th June, 1809, in the
eighty- seventh year of his age. He passed through a
long life, singularly free from the ordinary diseases of
man, or the infirmities of age. His death was con-
sonant with his life, for he departed so easily, and ap-
parently so free from pain, that the words of his favourite
Cicero are said to have had in his death their nearest ap-
plication : " Non illi fuit vita erepta, sed mors donata."
He was buried at St. James's, Piccadilly, and on a plain
mural tablet to the north of the Communion table is
the following simple memorial :
1757] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 215
Near this spot
are deposited the remains of
SIR GEORGE BAKER, BART.,
who departed this life June the 15th, 1809,
in the eighty-seventh year of his age.
No man ever followed the career of physic and the
elegant paths of the Greek and Roman muses with
more success than Sir George Baker. As a scholar he
had few equals, and no superior. His " Dissertatio de
Affectionibus Aiiimi et Morbis inde oriundis," published
as an exercise at Cambridge, in 1755, has been charac-
terised by a kindred spirit and very competent judge,
the late Sir Henry Halford, as one of the most elegant
exercises of modern times. His Essays on the Cause
of the Colic of Devonshire and Poitou are no less de-
monstrative of his attainments as a philosophical phy-
sician. They evince a rare union of acute but patient
observation, extended inquiry, a just appreciation of the
value of individual facts, and the most rigorous logical
deduction. They present one of the best examples
modern times have afforded of the method to be pur-
sued in medical inquiries, and they constitute a model
for all who are labouring to extend the boundaries of
medical science. As a practitioner he was no less emi-
nent. " The soundness of his judgment," writes Dr.
Macmichael, " was acknowledged by all. To him the
whole medical world looked up with respect, and in the
treatment of any disease in the least degree unusual, if
it was desired to know all that had ever been said or
written on the subject from the most remote antiquity
down to the case in question, a consultation was pro-
posed with Sir George Baker. From his erudition
everything was expected. Sir George Baker was par-
ticularly kind to the rising members of his profession,
whom he encouraged and informed with great condes-
cension and apparent interest. With studious habits
and unassuming manners he combined great playful-
ness of imagination, as will appear from the two follow-
ing specimens of Latin pleasantry :
216 BOLL OF THE [1757
EPIGRAM ON TWO BROTHERS WHO APPLIED TO SIR GEORGE BAKER FOR
ADVICE NEARLY AT THE SAME TIME.
Hos inter fratres quantum disconvenit ! alter
Corpus ali prohibet, se nimis alter alit ;
Hinc ambo segrotant ; sed non est causa timoris ;
Nam penes est ipsos certa utriusque salus.
Cautus uterque suam mutet, me judice, vitam ;
Huic cibus, ast illi sit medicina fames.
Which may be thus rendered in English
Behold two brothers, how unlike their state !
One's too indulgent, one too temperate ;
Hence both are sick ; but let not this alarm them,
The cure is in themselves, and will not harm them.
Let me prescribe, with caution, to each brother,
Food for the one, and fasting for the other.
On Mrs. Vanbutchel, who was preserved as a mummy
at the request of her husband, Sir George wrote the
following inscription. Under the superintendence of Dr.
Hunter, Mr. Cruikshank injected into the arteries spirits
of turpentine, coloured by vermilion. She died at the
age of forty, and her body, thus preserved, was kept by
her husband in his own house during his lifetime ; at
his death, his son presented it to the College of Surgeons
where it is now to be seen in a mahogany case.
IN RELIQUIAS MARLE VANBUTCHEL, NOVO MIRACULO CONSERVATAS, ET A
MAKITO SUO SUPERSTITE, CULTU QUOTIDIANO ADORATAS.
Hie, expers tumuli, jacet
Uxor Joannis Vanbutchel,
Integra omnino et incorrupta,
Viri sui amantissimi
Desiderium simul et deliciee ;
Hanc gravi morbo vitiatam
Consumtamque tandem longa morte
In hunc, quern cernis, nitorem,
, In hanc speciem et colorem viventis
Ab indecora putredine vindicavit
Invita et repugnante natura
Vir egregius, Gulielmus Hunterus,
Artificii prius intentati
Inventor idem, et perfector.
O fortunatum maritum
Cui datur
1757] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 217
TJxorem multum ataatam
Retinere una in unis aedibus,
AfEari, tangere, complecti,
Propter dormire, si lubeb,
Non fatis modo superstitem
Sed (quod pluris sestimandum
Nam, non est vivere, sed placere, vita)
Edam suaviorem
Venustiorem
Habitiorem
Solidam magis, et magis succi plenam
Qaam cum ipsa in viris fuerit !
O ! forfcunatum hominem et invidendum
Cui peculiars hoc, et proprium contingit
Apud se habere faaminam
Non variam, non mutabilem
Et egregie taciturnam ! *
Sir George Baker's merits t as a writer are to be esti-
mated rather by the value than the extent of his works.
He was the author of the elegant and classical preface
to the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis of 1788. His Es-
says on the Devonshire Colic, &c., were published in
* Gold-Headed Cane. 2nd edit. 8vo. Lond. p. 227.
f " Atque hie loci, pro more mihi liceret Orationi hodiernaa finem
facere ; quando vero unde initia cseperim in memoriam revoco ;
quando non modo honestam illam mecum reputo, sed necessariam
fere medicinae cum literis et philosophia conjunctionem, nequeo
Illustrissimum Yirum (Georgium Baker, Baronetum) preetermittere
qui vivo exemplari suo ad majora nos provocat atque incendit.
Vidistis eum nuperrime summum apud vos magistratum summa
cum laude tenentem ; et dum eo munere f ungebatur, novistis Phar-
macopceiae renovanda3 quam totum se dederit. Audivistis earn, hac
ipsa ex cathedra, incorrupta Bomanee dictionis sanitate, et eloquen-
tia Ciceronianaa setatis non indigna, nostrorum Medicorum asterna
statuere monumenta. Scripta ejus in manibus atque in deliciis
habetis, quee sive rei propositee explicationem, et, quaa vera dicitur,
Philosophiam spectes, sive verborum pond era et venustates, inter
pulcherrima collocanda sunt, ne dicam medicinaa solum sed universaa
eruditionis ornamenta. Inter alia testari licet libellum. egregie
scriptum de Catarrho et Dysenteria, morbis ejusdem anni epidemicis
et etiam Dissertationes illas de Colica Pictonica in quibus sin-
gularis morbi historia ab omni fere antiquitate ad hsec usque tem-
pora deducitur, et ejus causa non nisi simplex et una esse monstra-
tur. At mitto plura, et mori Antiquorum obsequor qui non nisi
solis occasu Heroibus suis sacra faciebant." Oratio ex Harveii in-
stitute auct. Henrico (Vaughan) Halford. MDCCC, p. 13.
218 ROLL OF THE [1757
the Medical Transactions of the College, but were col-
lected into an octavo volume in 1767.
His other writings were
Thesis de Affectibus Animi, &c.
Oratio Harveiana. 4to. Lond. 1761.
De Catarrho et de Dysenteria Londinensi Epidemicis, 1762. 4to.
Lond. 1764.
Inquiry into the merits of a Method of Inoculating the Small-pox
which is now practised in several counties of England. 8vo. Lond.
1766.
A fine portrait of this ornament of our College, by
Ozias Humphrey, R.A., is in the College, and has been
engraved by J. Singleton. It was presented by Sir
Frederic Baker, bart., on the opening of the present
College.
JOSEPH NICOLL SCOTT, M.D. A doctor of medicine
of Edinburgh of 1744 (D.M.I, de quibusdam Capitis
Nervorumque Affectionibus) ; was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 17th October,
1757. He was originally a dissenting minister. He
seems to have practised physic at Ipswich, and he died
about 1773. He was the editor of Bailey's English
Dictionary, and the author of two volumes of sermons,
and of an essay towards a translation of Homer's works
into blank verse.
SIB NOAH THOMAS, M.D., was educated at St. John's
college, Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded
A.B. 1742 ; A.M. 1746 ; M.D. 1753. Admitted a Can-
didate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1756 ; and a Fellow, 22nd December, 1757 ; he was
Gulstonian lecturer in 1759 ; and Censor in 1761,
1766, 1767, 1781. He was appointed physician extra-
ordinary to George the Third in 1763, and physician in
ordinary in 1775, when he received the honour of
knighthood. He was for many years physician to the
Lock hospital, and died at Bath on the 17th May, 1792.""
A remarkably fine portrait of Sir Noah Thomas by Sir
* " Vir bonus et eruditus, amicus certus, ingenio acuto et suavitate
1758] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 219
Joshua Reynolds is in the combination room of St.
John's college, Cambridge.
JAMES GBAINGER, M.D., was born about the year
1721, of, as he himself said,* a gentleman's family in
Cumberland, and, according to most accounts, at Dunse,
a small town in Scotland. He received his medical
education at Edinburgh. Entering the army as a sur-
geon, he served in that capacity during the rebellion of
1745, and in a similar capacity in Pulteney's regiment
of foot in Holland in 1746, 1747, and 1748. He then
quitted the army, made the tour of Europe, and, re-
turning to his native country, graduated doctor of
medicine at Edinburgh 13th March, 1753 (D.M.I, de
Modo excitandi Ptyalismum et Morbis inde penden-
tibus). He then came to London and established him-
self in Bond-court, Walbrook. Imbued with a taste
for literature, his pen found employment in adding to
the income derived from professional labours. In 1755
appeared his Ode on Solitude in Dodsley's Collection,
which possessed merit enough to obtain from Dr. John-
son, whose friendship he had the good fortune to acquire,
the term "noble." In May, 1756, he commenced writ-
ing in the Monthly Review with a criticism of Mason's
Odes, and during this and the two following years
contributed a variety of articles, chiefly on poetry and
the drama, to that journal, relinquishing his connection
with it 1758. Not wholly neglectful of physic he pub-
lished in 1757 his
Historia Febris Intermittentis Anomalse Batavse Annorum. 1746,
1747,1748: Accedunt Monita Syphilitica. 8vo. Edinb.
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 20th March, 1758. In the autumn of that year
he engaged to travel for four years with a Mr. Bourryan,
a young man of large West India property, whose studies
morum beatus." Oratio Harveiana, anno MDCCXCII. habita, auctore
Gul. Cadogan.
* Prior's Life of Goldsmith, vol. i, p. 237.
2'2Q ROLL OF THE [1758
from an early period had been in part committed to his
charge. The resolution to quit London, he writes to
Bishop Percy, was not adopted in a hurry, for though
" his practice was not exceeded by that of any young
physician in London/' the proposed leave of absence he
believed would not interfere materially with his views,
while it promised to add to the number and respecta-
bility of his friends. In the spring of 1759 he em-
barked for the island of St. Christopher in the West
Indies ; quarrelled soon after reaching it, as is said, with
his patron ; commenced practising as a physician in the
island ; and married a lady of good family but small
fortune, some of whose friends fancied the union not to
her advantage. In the autumn of 1763, he returned
to England. His poem the " Sugar Cane," written
during his abode in the West Indies, had been pre-
viously transmitted home, but, owing to some uncer-
tainty as to the mode of publication, did not appear
until after he had sailed in May, 1764, on his return
to St. Christopher. His affairs there had become in-
volved during his absence in England, but some pro-
perty he acquired at this time from the death of a
brother in Scotland enabled him in part to meet the
difficulties in which he found himself. Unsettled in his
plans at this period ; speculating on the advantages to
be derived from removing to other islands less populous
and more open to the enterprise of new settlers ; antici-
pating wealth as well from planting as his profession ;
and the enjoyment, as he says, of many happy days in
England, when that good should be attained : projects
conceived with all the warmth of poetry and overthrown
with the usual speed and sternness of matter of fact,
he was taken ill and died on the 16th December, 1766,
in the forty-sixth year of his age.*
Dr. Grainger's claims to the character of a poet were
acknowledged by Johnson, who, we are told by Bos-
well, would repeat with great energy the exordium to
his " Ode on Solitude," and add liberal praises of the
* Prior's Life of Goldsmith, vol. i, p. 237, et seq.
1758] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 221
whole. His " Bryan arid Pareene " was printed in his
friend Bishop Percy's "Beliques." Dr. Grainger is
best known by the " Sugar Cane," a poem of consider-
able merit, and by a translation, with copious explana-
tory notes, of the Elegies of Tibullus. " Grainger,"
writes Bishop Percy, " was not only a man of genius
and learning, but had many excellent virtues ; being
one of the most generous, friendly, and benevolent men
I ever knew." In 1764 there appeared from his pen
An Essay on the more common West Indian Diseases, and the
Remedies which that country itself produces, with Hints for the
Management of Negroes. 8vo. Lond.
WILLIAM CADOGAN, M.D., was born in London and
educated at Oriel college, Oxford, where he took the
degree of bachelor of arts 18th June, 1731. He then
proceeded to the continent, was inscribed on the phy-
sic line at Ley den, 6th October, 1732, and graduated
doctor of medicine there in 1737 (D.M.I, de Nutritione,
Incremento et Decremento Corporis, 4 to.), shortly after
which he was appointed physician to the army. He
settled in London about the year 1750, and was ap-
pointed physician to the Foundling hospital in 1754.
With the view of securing his admission to the fellow-
ship of our College, he returned to Oxford ; proceeded
A.M. 20th June, 1755 ; and on that day week, 27th
June, 1755, bachelor and doctor of medicine. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 4th
April, 1757 ; and a Fellow, 26th June, 1758 ; was Cen-
sor in 1759, 1770, 1775, 1781 ; was named an Elect in
1781 ; and was twice called upon to deliver the Har-
veian oration, viz., in 1764 and 1792. He died at his
house in George -street, Hanover-square, the 26th Feb-
ruary, 1797, aged eighty-six, and was buried at Fulham,
where he had a house, to which, in the latter years of
his life, he was in the habit of retiring during the
summer months. His monument in Fulham churchyard
bears the following inscription :
222 ROLL OF THE [1758
M. S.
GULIELMI CADOGAN,
Oxoniee et Lugduni Batavorum
Alumni et M.D.
Coll. Beg. Med. Lond. Socii.
Ob. 26 die Feb. A.D. 1797,
set. snae. 86.
Dr. Cadogan was a fellow of the Royal Society, a
man of pleasing manners and strong good sense, who
by his writings drew much attention to himself and
paved the way to a lucrative business. His " Essay
on the Nursing and Management of Children/' 8vo.
Lond. 1750, attracted the notice of the governors of
the Foundling hospital, who adopted the rules he
therein inculcated, and, as we have seen, soon after-
wards appointed him physician to that institution.
His " Dissertation on the Gout and all Chronic Dis-
eases, jointly considered as proceeding from the same
Causes," 8vo. Lond., became a most popular work. It
ran to eleven editions, and called forth a large number
of replies from persons of acknowledged standing in
the profession, as Sir William Browne, Dr. Carter of
Canterbury, and Dr. Falconar of Bath, besides others of
lesser note. To none of these did he deign a reply. He
refers the gout to indolence, vexation, and intempe-
rance, and his plan of treatment is generally judicious.*
A portrait of Dr. Cadogan is on the staircase. It was
painted by R. E. Pine in 1769, has been engraved by
"W. Dickinson, and was presented by Whitlock Nicholl,
M.D., 8th March, 1828.
CHRISTOPHER KELLY, M.D. A doctor of medicine
of Aberdeen, of 22nd November, 1756 ; was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians, 30th Septem-
* " Pectore erat hie aperto, virili, omnia sine fuco et praestigiis
agens. Imaginem viri in tractatu, quern de Podagra in lucem
edidit, depictam licet aspicere. In quo, nullius vestigiis inhasrens,
sed de seipso omnia depromens, sensus suos audacter in medium
profert, de aliorum opinione securus, sibi cam animi sinceri esset
conscius." Oratio Harveiana, Anno MDCCXCVII. habita Bob. Bourne.
1759] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 223
her, 1758. He was physician to the British Lying-in
hospital, and the author of
A Course of Lectures on Midwifery. 8vo. Lond. 1757.
DAVID D'ESCHERNY, M.D., was a doctor of medicine
of Marischal college, Aberdeen, of 25th July, 1758 ;
and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 9th April, 1759. We have from his pen
A Treatise on the Causes and Symptoms of the Stone, and on the
Remedies. 8vo. Lond. 1755.
An Essay on the Small-pox, -with Reflections on Patents. 8vo.
Lond. 1760.
An Essay on the Causes and Effects of the Gout. 8vo. Lond.
1760.
An Essay on Fevers. 8vo. Lond. 1760.
A Defence of Mrs. Stephen's Medicine for the Stone. 8vo. Lond.
CEARLES LUCAS, M.D., was better known as an Irish
politician than as a physician. His ancestors were
farmers in the county of Clare, and it is supposed that
by misfortune or mismanagement the property of his
family had been lost. Dr. Lucas was born in the sister
isle on the 26th September, 1713. He was bred an
apothecary, and practised in that capacity for several
years in Dublin. In 1741 he published his first work,
" Pharmacomastix ; or the Office, Use, and Abuse of
Apothecaries explained," 8vo., Dublin ; and on the 6th
June, 1748, was sworn one of two assistant-apotheca-
ries, nominated by the Corporation of Apothecaries in
Dublin to assist the inspector appointed by the King
and Queen's College of Physicians in the visitation and
examination of apothecaries' and druggists' shops in
Dublin. But long before this, Lucas had committed
himself to politics. It was, to use his own words, his
" fro ward fate to have too much of a political knight-
errantry interwoven with his frame."'"" He had become
a member of the corporation of Dublin, and had ingra-
tiated himself with the large number of his fellow-
* Essay on Waters. Part iii, p. ccxiii. Dedication to Lord
Chesterfield.
224 ROLL OF THE [1759
citizens who, like himself, were opposed to the court
pnrty in the corporation and in the Irish senate. If he
did not actually establish " The Freeman's Journal "in
support of the principles he was advocating, which, by
many, he is represented to have done, he certainly
edited it for several years, as he did also " The Censor,
or the Citizen's Journal." As he made warm friends
on the one side, so he made bitter enemies on the other,
and the latter were then in the ascendant. Party-
feeling at that time ran rancorously high in Dublin,
and when Lucas, in 1749, was an unsuccessful candi-
date for the representation of that city in the Irish par-
liament, the house of Commons, at the instance, it is
said, of the Government, and by an unanimous vote,
pronounced his writings seditious, and himself an enemy
to his country. The house desired the attorney-gene-
ral to issue an order for Lucas's apprehension, and to
escape this he sought an asylum in England. He then
applied himself to the further study of physic, proceeded
to Paris where he was a pupil under Petit, and then
visiting Rheims and Leyden, at the last-named univer-
sity graduated doctor of medicine 20th December, 1752
(D.M.I, de Gangrsena et Spacelo). Returning to Eng-
land he settled as a physician at Bath. On the 25th
June, 1759, he was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians of London.
Dr. Lucas's popularity in Ireland was not diminished
by his long and enforced absence, which, as is not un-
usual in such cases, had blunted the edge of hostility
against him, and given occasion to the gradual develop-
ment of a reaction in his favour, of which he was now to
reap the benefit. On the 6th May, 1761, he was elected
by the city of Dublin a member of the Irish house of
Commons ; in the course of the same month was restored
to the freedom of the city of Dublin, of which he had
been disfranchised in 1749 ; and on the last day of May,
1761, was presented with the freedom of the city of
Cork in a silver box. He probably intended, on his re-
turn to Dublin, to resume the exercise of his profession
1759] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 225
as a physician, for we find that on the ]2th June, 1761,
he presented himself to the King and Queen's College
of Physicians for examination for a licence, and was
approved of, for the first time. But when his second
examination became due, he requested its postpone-
ment, on the ground " that, through his attendance in.
Parliament, he could not be duly prepared." He never
presented himself for this second examination, and con-
sequently was never admitted by the Dublin college.
His time was now fully occupied with his senatorial
duties, but any detailed account of his parliamentary
career would be out of place in a work like the present.
Suffice it to say that Lucas, a man of popular assemblies,
and trained amidst civic broils, was not a very effective
speaker in the house of Commons, an assembly of
lawyers and disciplined orators. "As a politician,"
writes Mr. Hardy,* " Dr. Lucas was, (as the due de
Beaufort was called during the time of the Fronde at
Paris, un Hoi des halles) a sovereign of the corpora-
tions. In the house of Commons, his importance was
withered and comparatively shrunk to nothing. Lucas
had, in truth, little or no knowledge as a leader in
parliament, and his efforts there were too often dis-
played in a sort of tempestuous alacrity to combat men
whose lofty disregard of him left them at full liberty to
pursue their argument as if nothing had disturbed them.
Self-command, whether constitutional or arising from
occasional contempt, is a most potent auxiliary. His
opponents were, sometimes indeed, rendered indignant ;
but, whether calm or angry, the battle always left him
worse than before. Yet, with all his precipitancy, and
too frequent want of knowledge, he annexed a species
of dignity to himself in the house of Commons that was
not without its effect/' He succeeded in passing
through the Irish parliament in 1761, an act, commonly
known as Lucas's Act, by which, inter alia, the King
and Queen's College of Physicians were empowered " to
* Life of James, earl of Charlemont. 2nd edit. 2 vols. 8vo.
1812.
VOL. II. Q
22G ROLL OF THE
enlarge the number of their body," which, by the charter
of William and Mary, was limited to fourteen fellows :
and in 1768 another act, limiting the duration of parlia-
ment to eight years. For this last-named act, and in
recognition of his efforts to remedy great and obvious
evils, his statue in white marble, by Edward Smyth, of
Dublin (a very fine work of art), was placed in the
Royal Exchange, now the City Hall, at the public ex-
pense. The doctor is represented in his senatorial robe,
and as if energetically addressing the house of Com-
mons ; and in his right hand he holds a copy of Magna
Charta.
Dr. Lucas suffered long and seriously from gout, and
this, with the excitement, anxieties, and labours he had
undergone, had the effect of ageing him at an unusually
early period. When but little more than fifty years
of age (and he died when he was fifty-eight), he had
already the bodily infirmities and characteristics of
the old man, and was generally thought to be much
older than he was. " In his old age," writes Mr. Wills,
" Dr. Lucas was an object of general respect, which
his appearance and venerable deportment in society
contributed to increase. During the latter years of his
life, he was reduced to the lowest state of infirmity by
repeated attacks of gout, so that he was always carried
to the house of Commons where he could scarcely stand
for a moment. In this situation he is thus described :
' The gravity and uncommon neatness of his dress ; his
grey, venerable locks, blending with a pale but inte-
resting countenance, in which an air of beauty was still
visible, altogether excited attention, and I never knew
a stranger come into the house without asking who he
was.'"*
Dr. Lucas died in Henry-street, Dublin, the 4th
November, 1771. His popularity in Ireland had been
like and fully equal to that of Wilkes in England, and
his funeral was honoured by the attendance of the lord
* Wills, James, Lives of Distinguished Irishmen. 5 vols. 8vo.
Dublin. Vol. v, p. 153.
1759] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 227
mayor and principal members of the corporation of
Dublin in their robes, of many members of both houses
of Parliament, and of a vast assemblage of other persons.
He was buried in the churchyard of St. Michan, Dublin,
where there is a monument with the following inscrip-
tion :
To the Memory of
Charles Lucas, M.D.,
formerly one of the Representatives in Parliament
for the city of Dublin ;
whose incorrupt integrity,
uneonquered spirit,
just judgment
and glorious perseverance,
in the great cause of
Liberty, Virtue, and his Country,
endeared him to his grateful constituents.
This tomb is placed over his much-respected remains,
as a small yet sincere tribute of Remembrance
by one of his fellow- citizens and constituents,
Sir Edward Newenham, knight.
Lucas ! Hibernia's friend, her joy and pride,
Her powerful bulwark and her skilful guide,
Firm in the Senate, steady to his trust,
Unmoved by fear and obstinately just.*
Lucas's portrait was often engraved. By far the best
and most characteristic is a mezzotinto by J. M'Arditt,
from a half-length by Sir Joshua Reynolds, Passing
by without notice Dr. Lucas's political writings arid
pamphlets, which were numerous, I confine myself to
an enumeration of his medical works. In addition to
the " Pharmacornastix " above-mentioned, he was the
author of
An Essay on Waters. In three parts. 8vo. Lond. 1756.
An Analysis of Dr. Rutty's Methodical Synopsis of Mineral
Waters. 8vo. Lond. 1757.
On a Physical Confederacy at Bath. 8vo. Lond. 1757.
Cursory Remarks on the Method of Investigating the Principles
and Properties of the Bath and Bristol Waters. 8vo. Bath. 1764.
THOMAS GISBORNE, M.D., was the son of the Rev.
James Gisborne, rector of Staveley and prebendary of
* This inscription was written by R. Lewis, author of the Post
Chaise Companion through Ireland.
228 ROLL OF THE [17GO
Durham. He was educated at St. John's college, Cam-
bridge, of which house he was a fellow. He proceeded
A.B. 1747; A.M. 1751 ; M.D. 1758 ; was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1758 ; and a Fellow 1st October, 1759. He delivered
the Gulstonian lectures in 1760 ; was Censor in 1760,
1768, 1771, 1775, 1780, and 1783; Elect 28th June,
1781 ; and President 1791, 1794, 1796, 1797, 1798,
1799, 1800, 1801, 1802, 1803. Dr. Gisborne was phy-
sician to St. George's hospital. To this office he was
elected 24th January, 1757 ; and he resigned it in 1781.
He was also physician in ordinary to the king ; and at
the time of bis death, which occurred at Romeley, co.
Derby, 24th February, 1806, was the senior fellow of
St. John's college.*
WILLIAM FARE, M.D., was educated under Dr.
Doddridge, of Northampton ; and having selected me-
dicine as his profession, spent two years in its study
at Aberdeen before visiting Edinburgh, where he took
the degree of doctor of medicine in 1755 (D.M.I, de
Usu Mathematicis et Philosophise Naturalis in Medicinae
Studio). Dr. Farr entered the navy ; was admitted
an Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physicians 10th
March, 1760 ; and about that time was appointed phy-
sician to Haslar hospital. He was promoted thence to
the royal naval hospital at Plymouth, an appointment
which he retained for a long series of years. After a
service of forty years to the two hospitals, he withdrew
from active life ; and, retiring to Bath, died at his house
in Pulteney-street the 23rd August, 1809. Dr. Farr
was a fellow of the Royal Society. He contributed some
papers to the " Philosophical Transactions," and to the
" Medical Observations and Inquiries."
* " Praefuit huic Societati per multos annos, egregia sibi laude, et
integritatis suse opinione ; postremo, ut earn, qua hanc Societatem
coluit, benevolentiam ostenderet, testamento multos libros precio
carissimos nobis legavit." Oratio Harveiana, die Oct. 18, Anno
1806, habita a Christ Eoberto Pemberton.
1760] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 229
CHARLTON WOLL ASTON, M.D., was the son of Francis
Wollaston, esq., F.R.S., of Charterhouse-square, by his
wife Mary, daughter of Dr. Fauquire. He was born
23rd May, 1733, and educated at Sidney Sussex col-
lege, Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded
bachelor of medicine in 1753. On the 3rd March, 1757,
he was elected physician to the Middlesex hospital, but
retained that office for a few months only, resigning it
in January, 1758, and removing to Bury St. Edmunds,
where he remained for about four years. He took his
degree of M.D. at Cambridge in 1758 ; was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1759 ;
arid a Fellow, 9th July, 1760. DBF Wollaston returned
to London in 1762 ; and on the 26th August in that year
was elected physician to Guy's hospital. He was Censor
in 1762, and delivered the Harveian oration in 1763.
He was a fellow of the Eoyal Society, and physician
to the queen's household, but was prematurely arrested
in his course towards fame and fortune by an attack
of fever, which terminated fatally on the 26th July,
1764.*
THOMAS MILNER, M.D., was the son of Dr. John
Milner, the pastor of a congregation of Presbyterian
dissenters at Peckharn, where he for many years con-
ducted a seminary with distinguished success and repu-
tation. Our physician was a doctor of medicine of St.
Andrew's of 20th June, 1740 ; and was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1760. He was appointed physician to St. Thomas's
hospital in 1759 ; but he resigned his office there in
1762, and then removed to Maidstone. In that town
and neighbourhood he enjoyed a high reputation, and
for many years was in the possession of a large and lu-
crative business. Notwithstanding his parentage and
* " Ille, scientiam et eruditionem quibus polluit, insigni ornavit
verecundia, et mansuetudine singular! cunctos sibi devinxit animos.
Quanti fuit, qnanti fuisset, si diutius vitse ejus pepercisset fatum,
epistola Bakero nostro data manifesto ostendit." Oratio Harveiaua,
Anno MDCCLXV habita, auctore Tho. Healde.
230 ROLL OP THE [1760
education Dr. Milner was a steady churchman, and was in
the habit of marching to the parish church of Maidstone,
gold headed cane in hand, with his three maiden sisters
in single file behind him. He died at Maidstone, 13th
September, 1797, in the seventy-ninth year of his age,
and was buried in the church of All Saints, in that
town, on the 20th. Dr. Milner was the author of
Experiments and Observations on Electricity. 8vo. Lond. 1783.
It was at his father's school at Peckham that Oliver
Goldsmith for some time acted as usher.
ALEXANDER RUS^JLL, M.D., was born in Edinburgh,
and was the son of a lawyer of eminence in that city.
He was educated at the High school of Edinburgh, and
then passed two years in attendance on the general
classes of the university. He began the study of medi-
cine under his uncle, one of the most eminent practi-
tioners in Edinburgh, and in 1732 began to attend the
lectures of the medical professors. Having finished
his studies at Edinburgh, though without applying for
a degree, he in 1735 came to London, and erelong em-
barked for Turkey, and about the year 1740 settled at
Aleppo, to the English factory at which place he was
for several years physician. On arriving in Turkey,
Dr. Russell immediately applied himself to the study of
the language, and, soon overcoming every difficulty,
commenced practice at Aleppo with greater advantages
than had ever before fallen to the lot of any Christian
physician. He was consulted by all ranks and pro-
fessions Franks, Greeks, Armenians, Jews, and Turks.
In this instance they forgot that he was an unbeliever,
remitted of their usual contempt for strangers, and not
only beheld him with respect, but courted his friendship,
and placed unlimited confidence in his opinion. The
pasha of Aleppo particularly distinguished him, and
this intimacy enabled the doctor to render important
services to the factory. Dr. Russell returned to England
in February, 1755, and in that year published his
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 231
" Natural History of Aleppo," 4to. 3 a work of standard
authority and acknowledged merit, to the preparation
of which he was mainly incited by his friend and corre-
spondent, Dr. Fothergill. His character was at once
established by this work, and he determined on settling
in the metropolis. In 1757, when the government was
alarmed with the report that plague had broken out at
Lisbon, and was solicitous to take every precaution to
prevent its importation into this country, Dr. Russell
received orders to attend the Privy Council. To the
questions proposed to him he gave such pertinent and
satisfactory answers, that he was desired to communi-
cate in writing his information, and the method he pro-
posed to prevent the spreading of that disease. Some
time before this he had graduated doctor of medicine
at Glasgow ; he was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 30th September, 1760, and in that
year was elected physician to St. Thomas's hospital.
He continued in this office to the time of his death,
" an example of diligence and humanity to the sick, of
great medical abilities as a physician, and, as a gentle-
man, irreproachable." His death, which occurred at
his house in Walbrook, on the 28th November, 1768,
was caused by a putrid fever, which, notwithstanding
the utmost endeavours of Dr. Pitcairn and his attached
friend Dr. Fothergill, carried him off on the ninth day.
" In respect of stature, Dr. Russell was rather tall than
middling, well made, of a fresh, sanguine complexion,
grave in his deportment, cheerful in conversation, active
in the business of his profession, and sagacious ; an at-
tentive and diligent observer, clear in his intentions,
manly in his prescriptions, and in his conduct to the
sick benevolent and discreet."* His portrait by Dance
was engraved by Trotter.
THOMAS HEALDE, M.D., was of Trinity college, Cam-
bridge, and as a member of that house proceeded M.B.
* An Essay on the Character of Alexander Russell, M.D., by J.
Fothergill, M.D.
232 ROLL OF THE [1761
1749 ; M.D. 1754. He settled first in the small town
of Witham, in Essex ; was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1759 ; and a
Fellow, 22nd December, 1760. He delivered the Gul-
stonian lectures, in 1763, and the Harveian oration in
1765. In 1767 Dr. Healde left Witham, and removed
to London ; he was Censor 1769, 1771 ; Croonian lec-
turer, 1770, 1784, 1785, and 1786 ; and was appointed
Lumleian lecturer 22nd December, 1786, an office he
continued to hold till his death. He was elected phy-
sician to the London hospital 20th June, 1770 ; a fel-
low of the Royal Society 28th June, 1770 ; and about
the same time was appointed Gresham professor of
physic. He died the 26th March, 1789, in very reduced
circumstances, leaving his widow and family in the
greatest destitution. At the Comitia Majora of 25th
June, 1789, 100Z. was voted as " a bounty granted by
the College to the widow and family of Dr. Healde."
Mrs. Healde became a pensioner on the Society for the
relief of the widows and orphans of medical men, and
thenceforward for many years acted in the capacity of
midwife. Dr. Healde was the author of two papers on
"The Use of Oleum Asphalti," 8vo. Lond. 1769 ; and
of the " New Pharmacopoeia of the Royal College of
Physicians, translated, &c." 8vo. Lond. 1788.
MICHAEL MORRIS, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Rheims of 23rd July, 1750 ; was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 1 6th March, 1761. He was
elected physician to the Westminster hospital in 1761,
and retained his office for thirty years a longer period
than any of his predecessors. He died 29th May, 1791.
He was also physician to the army, a fellow of the Royal
Society, and the author of some papers in the " Medical
Observations and Inquiries."
THOMAS DIMSDALE, M.D., was the son of John
Dimsdale, by his wife Sarah, daughter of Thomas Bow-
yer, of Albury hall, near Hertford, and was born at
1761] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 233
Theydon Gernon, co. Essex, where his father practised
as a surgeon. His family were Quakers, and his grand-
father Robert Dimsdale/ had been the companion of
Penn in America. After studying at St. Thomas's hos-
pital he settled at Hertford, which he quitted in 1745,
when he engaged himself as surgeon to the army, and
went through the whole of the Scotch campaign. On
the taking of Carlisle, he determined to return to Hert-
ford and practise as a physician. He obtained a diplo-
ma from King's college, Aberdeen, dated 3rd July, 1761 ,
creating him doctor of medicine; and on the 28th of
August following was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
the CoUege of Physicians of London. He devoted much
of his attention to small-pox inoculation, and in 1767
published " The Present Method of Inoculating for the
Small-pox, to which are added some experiments insti-
tuted with a view to discover the effects of a similar
treatment in the Natural Small-pox." 8vo. Lond. ; a
work which became very popular, and in the course of
three years ran through at least seven large editions.
The reputation which he attained in this department
recommended him to the notice of the empress Cathe-
rine of Russia, at whose request he visited St. Peters-
burgh in 1768. His successful inoculation of the
empress herself, and of her son the grand duke, was
rewarded with the rank of baron of the empire, coun-
sellor of state, and physician to the empress, besides a
pension of 500Z. per annum and a present of J 2,000/.
He had also permission to add to his arms a wing of
the Russian eagle, in a gold shield, with the customary
helmet, adorned with a baron's coronet over the shield.
His son, who had accompanied him, shared his honours,
and was presented by the empress with a gold snuff-
box set with diamonds. He returned to England, and
for some time continued to practise at Hertford. He
was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society llth May,
1769. In 1776 he published " Thoughts on General
and Partial Inoculation;" and, two years after, "Ob-
servations on the Introduction to the Plan of the DLs-
234 ROLL OF THE [1761
pensary for General Inoculation." This involved him
in a controversy with Dr. Lettsom, into the particulars
of which it is not necessary to enter. Dr. or Baron
Dimsdale, as he was now called, some time after this
opened a banking house in Cornhill, in partnership
with his sons and the Barnards, which still flourishes.
In 1780 he was elected member of parliament for the
borough of Hertford, and then declined all practice
except for the relief of the poor. He went once more,
however, to Russia in 1781, when he inoculated the
emperor and his brother Constantine, and, as he passed
through Brussels, the emperor Joseph received him
with great consideration. In 1790 he resigned his
seat in parliament, and passed some winters at Bath ;
but at length returned to Hertford, where he died,
30th December, 1800,'* aged eighty-nine. He was
buried in the Quakers' burial ground at Bishops Stort-
ford. An engraved portrait of him by Ridley is ex-
tant.
CHARLES BROWN, M.D., was educated at Edinburgh,
where he took the degree of doctor of medicine in
1755 (D.M.I, de Morbillis). He was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians llth
September, 1761, and practised at Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, to the infirmary in which town he was for many
years physician.
RICHARD TYSON, M.D., was of Oriel college, Oxford,
A.B. 13th October, 1750 ; A.M. 5th July, 1753; M.B.
30th April, 1756 ; and M.D. 15th January, 1760. He
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1760 ; and a Fellow, 3 Oth September,
1761 ; was Censor in 1763, 1768, 1773, 1776 ; Regis-
trar from 1774 to 1780 inclusive; and Elect, 25th
March, 1782. On the 9th August, 1784, he fell down
in a fit, and as two of his servants were carrying him
up stairs to put him to bed he expired in their arms.
* Rose's Biographical Dictionary.
1762] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 235
Dr. Tyson was physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital,
to which office he was elected 5th February, 1762. His
portrait is in the College. To him the College are in-
debted for the portrait of his great-uncle, Dr. Edward
Tyson, which he presented 25th June, 1764.
WILLIAM NORFORD was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 26th November, 1761.
He practised successively at Halesworth in Suffolk, and
at Bury St. Edmunds, and died in 1793, aged seventy-
five. His portrait, by G. Ralph, was engraved in 1788
by J. Singleton. He was the author of
An Essay on the Treatment of Cancerous Tumours. 8vo. Lond.
1753.
Concisas et Practices Observationes de Intermittentibus Febribus
Curandis. 4to. Bartas. 1780.
JAMES VAUGHAN, M.D. This estimable man and
sound practical physician (the father of four sons of
distinguished eminence in their respective professions,
the elder of whom was Sir Henry Halford, the Pre-
sident of the College of Physicians), was the son of
Henry Vaughan, a surgeon at Leominster, where he
was born and baptised in 1740. He began the study
of medicine at Worcester under Dr. John Wall, and
then went to Edinburgh, where he took the degree
of doctor of medicine in June, 1762 (D.M.I, de Polypo
Cordis) ; and was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 8th September, 1762. Dr. Vau-
ghan then settled at Leicester, where he practised with
great success and reputation for nearly forty years. He
was physician to the Leicester infirmary, and, as I was
informed by one who was his contemporary at Leicester,
and knew him well, the late Dr. Robert Bree, was a
practitioner of no ordinary attainments. Acute percep-
tion, accurate observation, and a just appreciation of
the practically important circumstances of disease, were
his medical characteristics, to which were added a well-
founded reliance in the efficacy of medicine, and no or-
236 ROLL OF THE [1702
dinary skill in its adaptation to the special requirements
of the case before him. His doses of medicine are said
to have been large, but they were administered with a
confidence and success which afforded ample proof of his
sagacity and their correctness. Dr. Vaughan married
Hester, the second daughter of William Smalley, esq.,
alderman of Leicester, by Elizabeth, daughter of sir
Richard Halford, bart., of Wistow, co. Leicester. He
had six sons, viz. :
1. James, who died 29th May, 1788, in the twenty-
third year of his age.
2. Sir Henry Halford, bart.,G.C.H. M.D., President
of the College of Physicians, to be mentioned in a sub-
sequent page.
3. The Right Honourable Sir John Vaughan, knt.,
one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas, a privy
councillor, D.C.L., &c., &c.
4. The Very Reverend Peter Vaughan, D.D., dean
of Chester, and warden of Merton college, Oxford.
5. The Right Honourable Sir Charles Richard
Vaughan, G.C.H., formerly envoy extraordinary to the
United States of America, and a privy councillor.
6. The Reverend Edward Vaughan, vicar of St. Mar-
tin's, Leicester, and the author of several valuable pub-
lications on religious subjects.
To each of these Dr. Vaughan gave a most liberal
education. When his sons attained the age at which
their education should commence, Dr. Vaughan had al-
ready acquired a moderate competency, and he deter-
mined for the future to apply the whole of his annual
professional receipts to their education, trusting that
they would reap the harvest by success in their re-
spective professions. All his sons were educated at
Rugby, and five of them received a complete university
education the four elder at Oxford, and the youngest
at Cambridge. The gratitude of his sons for this act
of self-denial and confidence in their exertions was un-
bounded ; and Sir Henry Halford, in a biographical sketch
of his brother, Mr. Justice Vaughan, thus feelingly
1762 j ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 237
expressed himself : " All the sons of the late Dr. Vau-
ghan, of Leicester, acknowledge with deep and sincere
gratitude their father's generosity, as well as his pru-
dence in resolving as he did to lay out the annual pro-
duce of his profession in affording them the advantage
of a liberal education, whereby they might be enabled
to make their own fortunes, rather than to accumulate
resources not to be made available for any purposes of
theirs until his death. He sent four of them therefore
to Oxford when they had left Rugby school, and the
youngest subsequently to Cambridge and not one of
them asked or received further pecuniary assistance
from him after he had finished his education, and com-
menced his own efforts to provide for himself. The
success of these brothers in their several callings, with
the distinctions acquired by each of them, has abund-
antly justified their parent's sagacity and his liberality,
and we record the anecdote with pleasure, as furnish-
ing a good and useful example of the result of so much
prudence and so generous a self-denial." I may add, that
Dr. Vaughan survived not only to be a witness of the
success and eminence of Sir Henry Halford, but to re-
ceive from him for several years an annuity of 300Z. in
augmentation of his own pecuniary resources. Dr.
Vaughan died at Leicester on the 19th August, 1813,
in the seventy-fifth year of his age. He was buried at
Wistow, where a tablet, erected by Sir Henry Halford,
commemorates him thus :
Sacred to the memory of
JAMBS VAUGHAN, M.D. and of Hester his wife,
who are interred beneath this Tablet.
James Vaughan was descended from a respectable family in
Herefordshire,
and practised physic in Leicester about forty years,
with that facility and success which a quick perception, a sound
judgment,
and a perfect knowledge of the resources of his art were calculated
to command.
He died Aug. the 19th, 1813, in the 75th year of his age.
HESTER VAUGHAN was the second daughter of William Smalley, esq.
of Leicester,
ROLL OF THE [1702
by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Sir Richard Halford, bart.
of this place,
and was one of the gentlest and most amiable of women.
She died April the 2nd, 1791, in the 51st year of her age.
By this connection with the house of Wistow, and by the
kind distinction
of Sir Charles Halford, bart. the last male heir of the Halfords,
Henry, eldest surviving son of James and Hester Vaughan,
succeeded to
the possessions of that ancient and loyal family.
A portrait of Dr. Vaughan is in the great hall of
the mansion at Wistow. The doctor was the author
of
Cases and Observations on the Hydrophobia, with an account of
the Caesarian Section, &c. 8yo. Leicester. 1778.
SIR EDWARD BARRY, BART., M.D., was admitted a
scholar of Trinity college, Dublin, in 1716, proceeded
A.B. in 1717, and on the 25th April, 1718, being then
twenty-two years of age, was entered on the physic
line at Leyden, where he graduated doctor of medicine
in 1719 (D.M.I. de Nutritione). He proceeded M.B.
at Trinity college, Dublin, in the spring of 1740 ; M. D.
8th July, 1740. He practised for some time in Dublin.
He was admitted a fellow of the King and Queen's
College of Physicians 26th July, 1740, was Censor of
that body in 1740, 1741, 1750, 1751, President 1749,
and Treasurer 1750. On the 18th May, 1761, he re-
quested permission to resign his fellowship, when he
was placed on the list of honorary fellows. He was
incorporated at Oxford on his Dublin degree 30th June,
1761, and the same day received from the university a
licence to practise. He was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians of London 30th September, 1761 ;
a Fellow,30th September, 1762, and was Censor in 1763.
He was created a baronet about the year 1775, and
died on the 27th March, 1776. Sir Edward Barry was
a fellow of the Royal Society, physician-general to the
forces in Ireland, and professor of physic in the uni-
versity of Dublin. His eldest son, Sir Nathaniel
1762] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 2;i9
Barry, bart., M.D., was a distinguished physician in
Dublin. A fine portrait of him by Sir Joshua Reynolds
is in the King and Queen's College of Physicians. Sir
Edward Barry was the author of
A Treatise on the three different Digestions and Discharges of
the Human Body, and the Diseases of their principal organs. 8vo.
Lond. 1759.
Observations, Historical, Critical, and Medical, on the Wines of
the Ancients, and the Analogy between them and the Modern
"Wines. 4to. Lond. 1775.
SIR JOHN ELLIOT, BART., M.D., was of obscure parent-
age, and was born at Peebles, in Scotland. After a
tolerable education, he became the assistant to an apo-
thecary in London,, and then went to sea as surgeon of
a privateer. Being fortunate in obtaining prize-money,
he determined on practising in London as a physician.
He obtained a degree of doctor of medicine from the
university of St. Andrew's 6th November, 1759; and
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1762. Assisted by the patronage of
Sir William Duncan, M.D., he soon got into good
business, and is said to have acquired a professional
income of 5,000/. a year. He was knighted in 1776,
an honour which is supposed to have been due to the
influence of lord Sackville and Madam Schwellenberg.
He was intimate with persons of rank as well as with
many of the first literary characters of the metropolis,
and was countenanced by the heir-apparent to the crown,
who appointed him one of his physicians in ordinary.
He was subsequently created a baronet. * He died 7th
November, 1786, and was the author of
Philosophical Observations on the Senses of Vision and Hearing.
8vo. Lond. 1780.
* It is of Sir John Elliot that the following anecdote is recorded :
" When lord G. Germain requested George III. to confer the title
of baronet on Elliot who had never been a favourite of the king,
his Majesty manifested much unwillingness, saying at length, ' But
if I do he shall not be my physician.' ' No, sire,' replied his lord-
ship, ' he shall be your Majesty's baronet and my physician.' This
excited the royal smile, and the title was conferred."
240 ROLL OF THE [1762
Essays on Physiological Subjects. 8vo. Lond. 1780.
Address to the Public on a subject of the utmost importance to
Health. 8vo. Lond. 1780.
A complete Collection of the Medical and Philosophical Works
of John Fothergill, M.D., with an Account of his Life and Occa-
sional Notes. 8vo. Lond. 1781.
The Medical Pocket Bonk. 18mo. Lond. 1781.
An Account of the Principal Mineral Waters of Great Britain
and Ireland. 8vo. Lond. 1781.
Elements of the Branches of Natural Philosophy connected with
Medicine. 8vo. Lond. 1782.
WILKINSON BLANSHARD, M.D., was the son of Wil-
kinson Blanshard, of York, attorney-atJaw, and was
baptized at St. Mary's, Castlegate, in that city, 1st
February, 1733-4. He was admitted a pensioner of
Queen's college, Cambridge, 4th July, 1751, and as a
member of that house proceeded M.B. 1756 ; M.D. 30th
July, 1761. Admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1761 ; and a Fellow 22nd
December, 1762; he was Censor in 1765, and Harveian
orator in 1766. He was elected physician to St.
George's hospital 27th May, 1766, and retained that
office until his death, which occurred on the 5th
January, 1770.
THOMAS DAWSON, M.D., was the son of Eli Dawson,
who was the youngest son of the Rev. Joseph Daw-
son, of Thornton, co. York, ejected under the Act of
Uniformity in 1662. He was educated as a dissent-
ing minister, and for some time performed the duties of
that office at a meeting-house in the Gravel Pit at
Hackney. Devoting himself, however, to the study of
physic, he graduated doctor of medicine at Glasgow 8th
June, 1753 (D.M.I, de Aquis Mineralibus Medicatis);
and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 22nd December, 1762. In his new capacity of
physician, he was called to attend Miss Corbett, of
Hackney. He found the lady one day sitting alone,
piously and pensively musing upon the Bible, when
by some strange accident his eyes were directed to the
1762] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 241
passage where Nathan says to David, "Thou art the
man." The doctor profited by the kind hint, and after
a proper time allowed for drawing up articles of capitu-
lation, the lady surrendered, and they were married
29th May, 1758.* Dr. Dawson was elected physician
to the Middlesex hospital 1st February, 1759, but re-
signed his office there 3rd February, 1761. He was
elected physician to the London hospital 3rd October,
1764, and resigned that appointment 5th September,
1770. Dr. Dawson, who died 29th April, 1782, was
the author of
Cases in the Acute Rheumatism and the Gout. 8vo. Lond. 1774.
An Account of a safe and efficient Remedy for Sore Eyes and Eye-
lids. 8vo. Lond. 1782.
HUGH SMITH, M.D. A doctor of medicine of Edin-
burgh, of 22nd April, 1755 (D.M.I de Sanguinis Mis-
sion e) ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 22nd December, 1762. He was elected phy-
sician to the Middlesex hospital 5th August, 1756, and
resigned that office 9th August, 1764. To him belongs
the credit of having first delivered clinical lectures in
that hospital. The permission to do so was sought from
the governors on the 28th June, 1757, and was conceded
on the 4th of August following. At the time of Dr.
Smith's death, which occurred at Stratford, Essex, 26th
December, 1790, he was alderman of Tower ward. He
was buried in the church of West Ham, in the north
aisle of which a monument was erected to his memory.
He published
Essays Physiological and Practical, on the Nature and Circulation
of the Blood, and on the Effects and Use of Blood-letting. 12mo.
Lond. 1761.
Formulae Medicamentorum in varias Medendi Intentiones concin-
natee. 12mo. Lond. 1763.
Medicamentorum Formulae, or a Compendium of the Modern
Practice of Physic. 12mo. Lond. 1768.
JOHN BEICKENDEN, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
* Nichol's Literary Anecdotes, vol. ix, p. 694.
VOL. II. R
242 ROLL OF THE [1762
Edinburgh, of 16th May, 1759 (D.M.I, de Radice Scil-
\se), was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 22nd December, 1762. He practised for a short
time at Leicester, but in 1765 removed to London, and
in that year was elected physician to the Westminster
hospital, an appointment which he continued to hold
until his death in 1774 or 1775.
RICHARD WARREN, M.D. was born on the 13th De-
cember, 1731, and was the third son of the Rev. Dr.
Richard Warren, archdeacon of Suffolk, and rector of
Cavendish in that county, a divine of great eminence
and an accomplished scholar, one of the antagonists of
bishop Hoadley in the controversy respecting the eu-
charist, and the editor of the Greek commentary of
Hierocles upon the Golden Verses of Pythagoras. The
younger Warren was educated at the grammar school
of Bury St. Edmund's, whence, in the year 1748, im-
mediately after his father's death, he removed to Jesus
college, Cambridge. Warren was one of those rare cha-
racters which distinguish themselves equally during the
period of education and in the more trying scenes of
mature life. At this moment his means of support
were scanty, and the prejudices which then prevailed
among certain members of the university were not cal-
culated to encourage or smooth the progress of the son
of an able Tory. Young Warren, however, overcame
every difficulty of his position, and his name was fourth
on the list of wranglers in the year of his degree 1752.
He was elected to a fellowship of his college he ob-
tained the prize to middle bachelors for Latin prose
composition, and the following year that for senior ba-
chelors. On obtaining his fellowship at Jesus college
the church naturally offered itself as his profession, but
his inclination was for the law. Whilst in this state of
doubt, the son of Dr. Peter Shaw, an eminent London
physician, was entered at Jesus college, and placed
under his tuition. The acquaintance thus formed de-
termined his lot in life, for the talents of the tutor were
17G3] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 243
not lost on Dr. Shaw, who soon took a warm interest
in his pursuits, strongly recommended him to pursue
the study of medicine, and predicted that should he
do so he would rank with the first physicians of his
country. Finally, in proof of his esteem and affection,
Dr. Shaw gave him the hand of his daughter Elizabeth
in 1759. He proceeded A.M. 1755; M.D. 3rd July,
1 762 ; was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 30th September, 1762 ; and, having produced
the warrant by which he was made physician in ordinary
to the king, a Fellow, 3rd March, 1763. He delivered
the Gulstonian lectures in 1764, and the Harveian
oration in 1768; was Censor in 1764, 1776, 1782;
and was named an Elect 9th August, 1784. On the
5th August, 1 756, having at that time a licence adprac-
ticandum from the university of Cambridge, he was
elected physician to the Middlesex hospital, and on the
21st January, 1760, physician to St. George's hospital ;
the former appointment he resigned in November, 1758,
the latter in May, 1766.
Dr. Warren's progress as a physician was unusually
rapid. Not only had he the influence and recommenda-
tion of his father-in-law Dr. Shaw to advance his in-
terests, but those also of Sir Edward Wilmot. Shortly
after he commenced practice, Sir Edward, then physi-
cian to the court and much employed among the nobility,
was in attendance on the princess Amelia, daughter of
George the Second. Sir Edward, then advanced in
years and looking to retirement, proposed Dr. Warren
as an assistant, to attend to the more minute and ardu-
ous duties required by the princess, who was subject to
sudden seizures that created alarm. At the commence-
ment of his professional career, Dr. Warren, during
three summers, went to Tunbridge Wells, and on two
of these occasions her royal highness visited that water-
ing place under his care. On the retirement of Sir
Edward Wilmot, Dr. Warren continued physician to
the princess, and one of the rewards bestowed upon
him was the appointment of physician to George III,
R 2
244 ROLL OF THE
which was procured for him by her royal highness' in-
fluence on the resignation of his father-in-law, Dr. Shaw.
" Dr. Warren's eminence is not to be ascribed, however,
to mere patronage, nor to singularity of doctrine, nor
to the arts of a showy address, nor to any capricious
revolution of Fortune's wheel ; it was the just and
natural attainment of great talents. These talents,
indeed, cannot be subjected to the scrutiny of literary
criticism, because he was too eagerly engrossed by
pressing occupations to find leisure sufficient to commit
many of his observations to paper ; but the accuracy of
his prognosis, and his fine sagacity, survive in the recol-
lection of a few. His ready memory presented to him
on every emergency the extensive stores of his know-
ledge ; and that solidity of judgment which regulated
their application to the case before him would have
equally enabled him to outstrip competition in any de-
partment of science and art. He was one among the
first of his professional brethren who departed from the
formalities which had long rendered medicine a favourite
theme of ridicule with the wits who happened to enjoy
health. He was one of the few great characters of his
time whose popularity was not the fruit of party favour.
Without any sacrifice of independence he gained the
suffrages of men of every class, as well as the more diffi-
cult applause of his own fraternity. He enjoyed the
friendship of many distinguished men, and among others
of lord North ; his conversation, indeed, was peculiarly
fitted to conciliate every variety of age and of tempera-
ment. The cheerfulness of his own nature, and the
power which he possessed of infusing it into others,
enabled him to exercise over his patients an authority
very beneficial to themselves ; and in this respect, as in
some others, he has left an instructive example to future
professors of medicine, who perhaps do not always suffi-
ciently seek to inspire the objects of their care with a
train of animating thoughts. Warren arrived early at
the highest practice in this great metropolis, and main-
tained his supremacy to the last with unfading facul-
1763] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 245
ties. The amount of revenue sometimes enters into the
computation of a medical character, and such anecdotes
perhaps form a link in the domestic history of the pro-
fession. He is said to have realised 9,0001. a year from
the time of the regency, and to have bequeathed to his
family above 150,000."* If posterity should ask what
works Dr. Warren left behind him worthy of the great
reputation he enjoyed during his lifetime, it must be
answered that such was his constant occupation in prac-
tice among all classes of people, from the highest to the
lowest, that he had no leisure for writing, with the ex-
ception of a very few papers published in the College
Transactions. But the unanimous respect in which he
was held by all his medical brethren, which no man ever
obtains without deserving it, fully justifies the popular
estimate of his character. To a sound judgment and
deep observation of men and things he added various
literary and scientific attainments, which were most
advantageously displayed by a talent for conversation
that was at once elegant, easy, and natural. Of all
men in the world, he had the greatest flexibility of
temper, instantaneously accommodating himself to the
tone of feeling of the young, the old, the gay, and the
sorrowful. But he was himself of a very cheerful dis-
position, and his manner being peculiarly pleasing to
others, he possessed over the minds of his patients the
most absolute control ; and it was said with truth, that
no one ever had recourse to his advice as a physician,
who did not remain desirous of gaming his friendship
and enjoying his society as a companion. In interro-
gating the patient he was apt and adroit ; in the re-
sources of his art, quick and inexhaustible ; and when
the malady was beyond the reach of his skill, the minds
of the sick were consoled by his conversation, and their
cares, anxieties, and fears soothed by his presence. And
it may be mentioned among the minor qualities which
distinguished Dr. Warren, that no one more readily
* Dr. Bissett Hawkins' Memoir of Dr. Warren, in Lives of British
Physicians, p. 232.
246 ROLL OF THE [17G3
gained the confidence, or satisfied the scruples of the
subordinate attendants upon the sick by the dexterous
employment of the various arguments of encouragement,
reproof, and friendly advice.* The height Dr. Warren
had rapidly attained in his profession he maintained
with unabated spirit till his death, which took place at
his house in Dover-street on the 22nd June, 1797t ; his
disease was erysipelas of the head, which destroyed him
in his sixty-sixth year, at the very tune when the most
sanguine hopes were entertained of his recovery by sir
George Baker and Dr. Pitcairn. His widow, two
daughters, and eight sons survived him. He was buried
* The Gold Headed Cane. 2nd Edn. 8vo. Lond. 1728, p. 205,
et seq.
t " Ecquis erat unquam scientia morborum locupletatus magis,
vel magis curatione exercitatus; ecquis erat unquam qui suavi ilia
sermonis et morum humanitate, quee in ipso remediorum loco haberi
potest, ecquis erat unquam qui Warrenum superabat ? Erat illi
ingenii vis maxuma, perceptio et comprehensio celerrima, judicium
acre, memoria perceptorum tenacissima. Meministis, Socii, quam
subtiliter et uno quasi intuitu res omnes segrotantium perspiceret
penitus et intelligeret ! in interrogando quam aptus esset et oppor-
tnnus, quam promptus in expediendo ! Omnia etenim artis subsidia
statim illi in mentem veniebant, et nihil ei novum, nihil inauditum
videbatur. In ea autem facultate qua corsolamur afflictos et de-
ducimus perterritos a timore, qua languidos incitamus, et erigimus
depresses, omnium Medicorum facile princeps fuit : et si qui medi-
camentis non cessissent dolores, permulcebat eos, et consopiebat hor-
tationibus et alloquio.
stetit urna paulum
Sicca, dum grato Danai puellas
Carmine mulcet.
" Verum ea est quodammodo artis nostrse conditio, ut Medicus,
quamvis sit eruditus, quamvis sit acer et acutus in cogitando, quam-
vis sit ad prsecipiendum expeditus, si fuerit idem in moribus ac
voluntatibus civium suornm nospes, parum ei proderit oleum operam-
que inter calamos et scrinia consumpsisse. Warrenus autem in
omni vitae et studiorum decursu, si quis unquam alius, Pallade
dextra usus est. atque omnium quibuscum rem agebat mentes sen-
susque gustavit ; et quid sentirent, quid vellent, quid opinarentnr,
quid expectarent arripuit, percepit, novit. Tantam denique morum
comitatem et facilitatem habuit, ut nemo eo semel usus esset
medico, quin socium voluerit et amicum." Oratio Harveiana,
Anno MDCCC. habita, auctore Henrico Halford, p. 12.
1763] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 247
at Kensington church, where a tablet to his memory is
thus inscribed :
RICHARDO WARREN,
apud Cavendish in agro Suffolciensi nato,
Collegii Jesn Cantab, quondam socio,
Regis Georgii Tertii medico,
Viro ingenio prudentiaque acuto,
Optimarum artinm disciplinis erudito,
Comitatis et beneficentiae laude bonis omnibus commendatissimo ^
qui medicinam feliciterque Londini factitavit.
Decessit x Kalend. Jul.
Anno Christi MDCCXCVII.
-<Etat. suae LXVII.
Elizabetha uxor et liberi decem superstites
H.M. faciendum curaverunt.
Two papers from Dr. Warren's pen are to be seen in
the " Medical Transactions." His portrait, by Gains-
borough, is in the College. It has been engraved by
I. Jones. It was presented by his son, Pelham Warren,
M.D., on the opening of the College in Pall Mall East
in June, 1825.
EGBERT GLYNN CLOBERY, M.D. " This great, distin-
guished, virtuous, and consummate scholar and physi-
cian/' of one of his eulogists ;"* the " dilectus lapis
" The loved lapis on the banks of Cam ; "
of another,t was born on the 5th August, 1719, at
Kelland, near Bodmin, co. Cornwall, of an ancient and
very respectable family, and was educated at Eton,
upon the foundation. He was admitted a scholar of
King's college, Cambridge in 1737 ; subsequently be-
came a fellow of that society ; and proceeded A.B.
1741 ; A.M. 1745, and M.D. 1758. He was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 5th April,
1762, and a Fellow 28th March, 1763. Dr. Glynn
commenced practice at Richmond, but soon returned
to Cambridge, where he continued to reside and per-
* Pursuits of Literature, vol. iv, p. 444.
t Jesse's Memoirs of Celebrated Etonians, vol. ii, p. 86.
248 ROLL OF THE [1763
form the active duties of his profession until his death
in 1800. He changed his name from Glynn to Clo-
bery, in pursuance of the will of a relative who left
him some property, but he was usually addressed and
known by his paternal name. His life was one uniform
course of integrity and benevolence. Though his
practice for a long series of years was very extensive,
and his establishment confined within the walls of a
college, on a plan of most temperate and strict economy,
his effects scarcely exceeded 10,000^., including the
bequest of his relative. In what manner he applied
the principal part of his professional emoluments was
known to those who were supported or assisted by his
beneficence. His faculties were clear and vigorous
Avithin a very short time of his decease. During his
illness, sensible of his gradual decay, he expressed
nothing but resignation and kindness, and expired
without a struggle or a groan on the 8th of February,
1800, in the eighty-first year of his age. Agreeably
to Dr. Glynn's repeated directions, he was interred in
the vault of Bang's college chapel in a private manner,
between ten and eleven o'clock at night. On this occa-
sion, in compliance with his wishes, the members of the
college only attended. But public feeling demanded
that some more eminent mark of respect should be paid
to his memory. The vice-chancellor, Dr. Mansel, of
Trinity college, subsequently bishop of Bristol, commu-
nicated, therefore, to the gentlemen of the university
his intention to accompany the friends of Dr. Glynn, in
mourning, from Trinity college to St. Mary's church, on
the following Sunday. The procession consisted of the
heads of houses, the noblemen, and a numerous body
of masters of arts. The sermon on this occasion was
preached by the Kev. John Henry Mich ell, fellow of
King's college. Dr. Glynn bequeathed the bulk of his
property to King's college, the larger portion towards
the improvement of the college (on buildings then in
progress) ; and a sum to be annually divided between
such two scholars of the college as in the course of the
1763] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 249
year have been most distinguished for learning and re-
gularity of conduct. To mark their sense of such muni-
ficence, the fellows of King's college erected an elegant
tablet on the south side of their chapel, with the follow-
ing inscription :
M. S.
ROBERT: GLTNN CLOBERY, M.D.
et veteri in agro Cornubiensi prosapia oriundi,
hujus Collegii LXIII. annos Socii,
Morum anti quorum et literarum bonarum
Cultoris, Patroni, Vindicis;
qui Collegio
amplissimam pecuniae summam
ad studia juventutis promovenda,
ad naves sedes astruendas
legavit.
Obiit vin. Id. Feb. MDCCC. set. LXXXI.
Hanc tabulam
in pietatis et desiderii testimonium
P. C.
ex publico decreto
Collegium.
The materials for composing the story of Dr. Glynn's
life are confined to little more than brief records of his
goodness, his integrity, his benevolence, and the saga-
city and humanity displayed by him in the exercise of
his professional calling. Of long and distinguished
celebrity in the university of Cambridge, eminent on
account of his abilities, but still more eminent on ac-
count of his virtues, this venerable philanthropist con-
tinued to enjoy to the end of his days the heartfelt
reverence and affection, not only of the middle-aged
and advanced in years, but also of the young. For
many years his tea table was frequented by young men
of the highest rank and character, who subsequently
attained to the highest offices in church and state.
The suggestions of his experience were so tempered by
the urbanity of his manners, that his society had a
very visible influence upon the direction of their studies
and conduct. * Dr. Glynn's eccentricities were long re-
* Nichol's Literary Anecdotes of the 18th Century, vol. viii,
p. 215.
250 ROLL OF THE [1703
membered at Cambridge. He is said to have been
eminently successful as a practitioner, and was impli-
citly trusted in and for a wide circuit around Cam-
bridge. In his practice he relied much on counter
irritation and a " vesicatorium amplum et acre " (the
phraseology is his own), was a part of the prescription
from which few of his patients suffering under acute
disease escaped at one or other period of its course.
He seldom employed either opium or mercury, and
was convinced that syphilis might be cured without
the last-named medicament. Being taken seriously
ill, when at some distance from home, he sent for a
neighbouring physician, to whom he said, " I am going
to be very ill, and commit myself to your care, but on
no account give me any of that vile drug, opium, or
any preparation of it." On his recovery he said he
hoped his friend had complied with his request, but
begged he would inform him whether he had given
him any opium or not. "If I had not," said his
friend, " you would not have been here to ask the
question."*
There is a fine and scarce portrait of Dr. Glynn en-
graved by J. G. and G. S. Facius, after a drawing by
the Rev. Thomas Kerrick, to whom, as his friend and
executor, he bequeathed a handsome legacy.
Sm CLIFTON WINTRINGHAM, BART., M.D., was born
at York in 1710, and was the son of Clifton Wintring-
ham, an eminent physician of that city, by his first wife
Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Nettleton, of East
Heaton, co. York. He was educated at Trinity col-
lege, Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded
M.B. in 1734, and then entered the medical service of
the army. He was admitted a fellow of the Royal
Society 13th January, 1742-3, proceeded doctor of me-
dicine at Cambridge in 1749 ; and was appointed phy-
sician to the duke of Cumberland, and physician-general
to the army. In 1762 he was gazetted physician in
* Jesse's Memoirs, ut supra.
1763] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 251
ordinary to George the ^Third. He was knighted the
same year ; and on the 25th of June, 1763, in sequel to
being physician in ordinary to the king, was admitted a
Fellow of the College of Physicians. He served the
office of Censor in 1770 ; and was created a baronet in
1774. In 1773 he published in two volumes a hand-
some edition of Mead's " Monita et Prsecepta Medica
permultis annotationibus et observationibus illustrata,"
a really valuable practical work, embodying the ripe
experience of two of our soundest practical physicians.
His object, and to it he had devoted much time and
attention, was to illustrate, confirm, and render more
precise and useful Mead's latest and most matured
work. Sir Clifton Wintringham died, after a lingering
illness, at his house in the Upper Mall, Hammersmith, on
the 10th January, 1794, at the advanced age of eighty-
three. A monument to his memory was erected in
Westminster abbey, with the following inscription :
Memoriae sacrum
CLIFTON: WINTRINGHAM, Baronetti, M.D.
Qui domi, militiaeque,
tarn in re medica insignis,
quam ob vitas innocentiam morumque suavitatem
percharus, flebilis omnibus.
Obiit 10 Jan. A.D. 1794, set. suae 83.
Monumentum hoc,
amoris quo vivum coluerat maritum,
desiderii quo mortuum prosecuta est,
indicium ut esset diuturnum extrui curavit
Anna Wintringham.
Sir Clifton Wintringham was a foreign fellow of the
Royal Society of Medicine of Paris. " He was a man of
liberal education, of extensive classical attainments,
and of great skill and judgment in his profession. In
domestic life he was affable and endearing ; in conver-
sation polite, lively, and entertaining ; and in his
friendship steady and affectionate." Haller * says of
him " Vir acuti ingenii, iatro-mathematicus et experi-
mentis feliciter ususatque ratiocinio." He published
* Biblioth. Anat. ii, 324.
J.VJ ROLL OF THE [17G3
An Experimental Inquiry concerning some parts of the Animal
Structure. 8vo. Lond. 1740.
An Inquiry into the Exility of the Vessels of the Human Body.
8vo. Lond. 1743.
The Works of the late Clifton Wintringham, physician at York ;
now 6rst collated and published entire, with large Additions from
the Original Documents. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1752.
De Morbis quibusdam Commentarii. 8vo. Lond. 1782.
SIR JOHN PRTNGLE, BART., M.D., was the youngest
son of Sir John Pringle, of Stichel house, Boxburgh-
shire, by his wife, a sister of Sir Gilbert Elliot, of Stobs,
and was born the 10th April, 1707. He received his
rudimentary education at home under a private tutor,
and was next sent to the university of St. Andrew's,
where he continued his studies under the direction of
his uncle, Dr. Francis Pringle, the professor of Greek
in that university, and a physician practising there.
He then studied for a year in Edinburgh; at the ter-
mination of which, being intended for commerce, he pro-
ceeded to Amsterdam. During a casual visit to Ley-
den he heard a lecture by Boerhaave, which made so
strong an impression on his mind that he determined to
devote himself to physic. He fixed himself at Leyden,
and on the 30th September, 1728, was entered on the
physic line there ; attended the lectures of Boerhaave,
and of the other distinguished persons who then occu-
pied the medical chairs in that celebrated university,
and proceeded doctor of medicine 20th July, 1730
(D.M.I, de Marcore Senili. 4to.). At Leyden, he con-
tracted an intimate friendship with van Sweiten, the
commentator on Boerhaave, afterwards so celebrated
both as professor and practitioner at Vienna. Having
completed his medical education by a visit to Paris,
Pringle returned to Edinburgh, and commenced the prac-
tice of his profession. On the 28th March, 1734, he
was appointed by the patrons of the university joint
professor of moral philosophy, with the right of suc-
cession on the death of his senior, Mr. Scott. In 1742,
Dr. Pringle became physician to the earl of Stair, then
in command of the British army in Flanders. Thither
1763J ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 253
he proceeded, and on the 24th August, 1742, was ap-
pointed to the charge of the military hospital. Dr.
Pringle remained in Flanders, during the campaign of
1744, and by his conduct attracted the favourable notice
of the duke of Cumberland who, on the llth March,
] 744, gave him a commission, by which he was appointed
physician-general to his Majesty's forces in the Low
Countries and other parts beyond the seas ; and another
creating him physician to the royal hospitals in the
same countries. He then resigned his professorship of
moral philosophy, the duties of which had been per-
formed by deputy during his absence. He next accom-
panied the army to Scotland, and remained there until
August, 1746 ; but during the two following years was
again with the troops abroad, and did not finally return
to England until after the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.
He then took up his abode in London, and commenced
private practice. In 1749 he was appointed physician
in ordinary to the duke of Cumberland ; in 1761, through
his royal highness's influence, was made physician to
the queen's household ; and in 1763, physician in ordi-
nary to the queen. Yet higher honours were in store.
He was created a baronet in 1766, and was gazetted
physician in ordinary to the king in 1774. He was
also physician to the princess dowager of Wales. Sir
John Pringle was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 26th June, 1758 ; and a Fellow, speciali
gratia, 25th June, 1763. He was appointed Censor in
1770, but declined to act, and paid the fine enjoined by
the bye-laws under such circumstances. Few members
of our profession have obtained a wider reputation than
did Sir John Pringle. * He was a fellow of the Col-
* " Neque equidem inter hos Pringleium praetermitteudum arbi-
tror ; qui cum universam remm cognitionem animo complexus est,
turn medicinam amore singular! coluit et prosecutus est. Ingenii
fuit perspicacis, virilis, quod omnis scientiee fundamenta ad expe-
rientiam revocabat ; praeterea pietate insigni, morumque integritate
et maxima benevolentia, omnibus bonis carus factus est. Itaque
doctissimorum hominum familiaritatibas domus ejus semper flore-
bat ; multaeque ab eo scriptae epistolse externos etiam in societatem
254 ROLL OF THE [1763
lege of Physicians of Edinburgh, to which he was ad-
mitted 4th February, 1735, and one of the foreign fel-
lows of the Royal Society of Medicine of Paris ; a mem-
ber of the Royal Society of Gottingen, and of the
Academy of Sciences at Haarlem, and Madrid. Of
the Royal Society of London, the scene of his highest
honours, he was admitted a fellow in 1745. He was
chosen one of the council of that Society in 1753, and
was elevated to the office of president in 1772. "The
period of his election was a fortunate epoch of natural
knowledge : a taste for experimental investigation was
diffusing itself through every part of the civilised world,
and the genius of Pringle found a happy occupation in
cherishing this spirit. An universality of knowledge,
and a singular liberality of spirit, united to very con-
siderable experience, both of active and studious life,
seem to have peculiarly fitted him for his difficult post.
Sir Godfrey Copley had originally bequeathed five
guineas to be given at each anniversary meeting of the
Royal Society, by the determination of the president
and council, to the author of the best experimental ob-
servations made during the preceding year. This pecu-
niary offering was at length converted, with greater
propriety, into a gold medal ; and Pringle ably carved
a new road to personal distinction and utility, by the
excellent discourses which he took occasion to deliver
studiorum trahebant. Qubs vero edidifc libros quis non legit ?
Quis, qui legit, non admiratur ? In quibus morborum historias suc-
cinte, absolute tamen, exposuit ; inque causas eonim, non tanquam
plerique nescio quid somniantes, sed ubi veri aliquid subluceret,
ipsaeque res rationes suggererent, ut decet prudentem, inquisivit.
In ea vero parte, quse ad curationem attinet, omnes, meo quidem,
judicio, superiores vicit. Dysenteriam, febremque castrensem,
geminam militum perniciem, persequi et tollere imprimis conatus
est : et validissimus nobis autor fuit, ut aer purus, et mundities, et
laxius habitare, quanti sint, intelligeremus. Unde etiam maximum
illud malorum gravissimumqne, Pestem, his saltern regionibus, Deo
juvante, extinctam esse speramus. Neque vero de corporis, tan-
tummodo affectibus quam plumiris accurate diligenterque scripsit ;
verum etiam pmdentiae militaris documenta tradidit nunquam ob-
liviscenda," &c., &c. Oratio Harveiana, Anno MDCCCIX. habita,
anctore Gul. Heberden fil. p. 18.
1763] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 255
on the presentation of this annual tribute. Six of these
have been edited by Dr. Kippis, and display an inti-
mate acquaintance with the history of philosophy, a
noble zeal for its advancement, and a style unaffected,
elegant, and perspicuous. The subject of the fourth
discourse was particularly suited to his disposition and
pursuits ; it accompanied the award of the medal to
Captain Cook, and discussed the means employed by
that sagacious commander towards preserving the health
of seamen. The intimate friendship which subsisted
between them renders it probable that Pringle had com-
municated some valuable suggestions on the subject to
his intelligent friend ; and no pupil in the schools of
Hygiene has ever existed more capable of reducing its
rules to practice, since, with a crew of one hundred and
eighteen men, Cook performed a voyage of three years
and eighteen days, throughout all the climates between
52 N. and 71 S., and only lost one companion of his
wanderings. The use of sweet wort, a rigid attention
to cleanliness, and the careful preservation of his com-
pany from wet and other injuries of weather, formed
the chief part of his dietetic code. His example has
not been lost upon our navy, which now maintains in
the confinement of a ship a degree of health equal to, if
not often exceeding, the average observed at home."
The pressure of advancing years, increased by an in-
jury from a fall, induced Sir John Pringle, in 1778, to
resign the presidency of the Royal Society, although
earnestly solicited to retain it. In 1780 he paid a visit
to Edinburgh and purchased a house, to which he re-
tired the following year. Neither his health nor his
spirits were so much improved by the change as he had
anticipated ; the climate proved too sharp for his en-
feebled frame, and his contemporaries had disappeared.
He therefore returned to London, but before leaving
Edinburgh he presented to the College of Physicians
of that city ten folio volumes of MS. medical and phy-
sical observations. He did not long survive his return,
and died the 18th January, 1782, in the seventy-fifth
256 ROLL OF THE [17G3
year of his age. He was buried in the church of St.
James, Westminster, and a monument by Nollekens
was erected to his memory in Westminster abbey. His
portrait, by Sir Joshua Reynolds, is in the possession of
the Royal Society. Sir John Pringle contributed seve-
ral papers to the " Philosophical Transactions," and was
the author of
Observations on the Nature and Cure of Hospital or Jayl Fevers.
8vo. Lond. 1750.
Observations on the Diseases of the Army. 8vo. Lond. 1752.
Six Discourses at the Royal Society, on Occasion of the Assign-
ment of the Copley Medal. Edited, with Life, by A. Kippis. 8vo.
Lond. 1783.
SWITHEN ADEE, M.D., was of Corpus Christi college,
Oxford; A.B. 14th June, 1721; A.M. 22nd February,
1724 ; M.D. 4th July, 1733. He practised for several
years at Guildford and at Oxford, but in 1762 removed
to London ; and was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 30th September, 1762 ; and a Fellow
30th September, 1763. He was Censor in 1764 and
1770; he delivered the Gulstonian lectures in 1767,
and the Harveian oration in 1769. In 1770 Dr. Adee
retired from business and returned to Oxford, and spent
the remainder of his life amongst his old college friends,
with whom he lived respected and esteemed. He died
at Oxford the 12th August, 1786, aged eighty-one. He
was a fellow of the Royal Society and of the Society of
Antiquaries, and obtained no small amount of reputation
for a very happy explanation of the Greek inscription on
the Corbridge altar of Astarte.* We owe to Dr. Adee's
pen : " Meadus : Poema, grati animi testimonium :" edi-
tum A.D. MDCCLV ; a pleasing encomium on Mead.
WILLIAM GRANT, M.D. A native of Scotland, and
a doctor of medicine of Marischal college, Aberdeen, of
22nd September, 1755 ; was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 30th September, 1763. He
practised for several years with considerable and well-
* Archeeologia, vol. ii, p. 98.
1764] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 257
deserved reputation in the city, and was physician to
the Misericordia hospital, an institution for the cure of
the venereal disease, situated in Great Alie-street,
Goodman's-fields. Dr. Grant died at Edinburgh 30th
December, 1786. He was the author of
An Inquiry into the Nature, Rise, and Progress of the Fevers
most common in London. 8vo. Lond. 1771.
Observations on the Nature and Cures of Fevers. 8vo. Lond.
1772.
An Essay on the Pestilential Fever of Sydenham, commonly
called the Jail, Hospital, Ship, and Camp Fever. 8vo. Lond. 1775.
A Short Account of the Epidemic Cough and Fever, in a Letter
to Dr. de la Cour. 8vo. Lond. 1776.
Account of a Fever and Sorethroat in London in September,
1776. 8vo. Lond. 1777.
Observations on the Atrabilious Temperament and Gout. 8vo.
Lond. 1779.
Observations on the Influenza of 1775 and 1782 the Febris
Catarrhalis Epidemica of Hippocrates. 8vo. Lond. 1782.
JAMES FORD, M.D., of Marischal college, Aberdeen,
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1763. Dr. Ford enjoyed for several
years a very lucrative obstetric practice at the west-
end of London. He was physician extraordinary to
queen Charlotte, physician extraordinary to the West-
minster Lying-in hospital, and consulting man-midwife
to the Westminster General dispensary. Having accu-
mulated a handsome fortune, he retired from practice
and withdrew to Wales. He died at Langattock, near
Crickhowell, December 18th, 1795, aged seventy-seven.
ANTHONY RELHAN, M.D., was educated at Trinity
college, Dublin. He was entered a scholar there in
1734; proceeded A.B. in the spring of 1735, and on
the 15th October, 1740, being then twenty-five years
old, entered himself on the physic line at Leyden. Re-
turning to Dublin, he graduated doctor of medicine
there, 12th July, 1743 ; and in October, 1747, was ad-
mitted a fellow of the King and Queen's College of Phy-
sicians of Ireland, of which learned body he was pre-
VOL. II. S
258 ROLL OF THE [1764
sident in 1755. He held the office of physician to
Mercers' hospital, and would seem to have occupied a
distinguished position among the physicians of the Irish
capital. Having however about the year 1758 pre-
scribed James's powder, the members of the college
over which he had so recently presided, resented this
encouragement given to a quack medicine and refused
to join with Dr. Relhan in consultation. He then
opened a correspondence with Dr. James, and by his
advice was induced to leave Dublin for England. The
death of Dr. Russell in December, 1759, leaving an
opening for a physician at Brighton, Dr. Relhan pro-
ceeded to fill it, and by his exertions and abilities main-
tained and augmented the reputation which Brighton
was then attaining for invalids. In 1762 or 1763 he
removed to London, and having, according to our Annals,
been incorporated at Cambridge on his doctor's degree,
he was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 25th June, 1763 ; and a Fellow 25th June, 1764 ;
was Censor in 1765 and 1771 ; Gulstonian lecturer in
1765 ; and Harveian orator in 1770. Dr. Relhan died
in October, 1776, and was interred in the burial ground
in Paddington-street, Marylebone. Dr. Relhan was
twice married. By his first wife he had a son, Richard,
who graduated A.B. at Cambridge in 1776, as a mem-
ber of Trinity college, and entered into holy orders ;
and a daughter. His second wife was the widow of
Sir William Hart, a banker, in London. This lady had
built herself a house in East-street, Brighton, for her
summer residence, and there Dr ; Relhan and she annually
passed some months of the bathing season until his
death. The doctor's widow continued her occasional
residence there until 1786, when she disposed of the
property. Dr. Relhan published
A Short History of Brighthelmston, its Air and its "Waters. 8vo.
Lond. 1761.
Refutation of the Reflections against Inoculation. 4to. Lond.
1764.
THOMAS BROOKE, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
3764] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 259
Trinity college, Dublin, of 10th June, 1753 ; incorpo-
rated, it is said in our Annals, at Oxford ; was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th June,
1763 ; and a Fellow 25th June, 1764. He was Censor
in 1766, 1767, 1772. Dr. Brooke was elected physi-
cian to the Westminster hospital in 1757, but retired
from that office in 1764. He was also physician to St.
Luke's hospital, and died in August, 1781.
JOHN HADLEY, M.D., was born in London and edu-
cated at Queen's college, Cambridge, of which house he
was a fellow. He took the two degrees in arts A.B.
1753; A.M. 1756; and in the last-named year was ap-
pointed professor of chemistry in the university. Pro-
ceeding doctor of medicine at Cambridge 5th July, 1763,
he was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physi-
cians 30th September, 1763 ; and a Fellow 1st October,
1764. Dr. Hadley was physician to St. Thomas's hos-
pital and to the Charterhouse : to the former he was
elected in 1762 ; to the latter in 1763. He was pre-
maturely arrested in his career, and died on the 5th
November, 1764, aged thirty-three. His portrait was
painted by B. Wilson in 1759, and engraved by E.
Fisher. His only publication was
Plan of a Course of Chemical Lectures. 8vo. Cambridge. 1758.
MAXWELL GARTHSHORE, M.D., was born in 1732 at
Kirkcudbright, of which place his father was the minis-
ter. At the age of fourteen he was placed with a sur-
geon at Edinburgh, and during his apprenticeship at-
tended the medical lectures at the university. He then
entered the medical service of the army, and served in
lord Charles Hay's regiment as mate to Mr. Huck,
afterwards well-known as Dr. Huck Saunders, but soon
quitted it ; and in 1756 settled at Uppingham, succeed-
ing to a lucrative business just relinquished by Dr. John
Fordyce, where he made the acquaintance and obtained
the warm friendship of Dr. (subsequently Sir George)
Baker, then practising at Stamford, by whom he was at
s 2
260 ROLL OP THE [1765
a subsequent period encouraged to settle in London.
Preparatory thereto, he returned to Edinburgh ; took
his degree of doctor of medicine there 8th May, 1764
(D.M.I, de Papaveris Usu tarn noxio quam salutari in
Parturientibus ac Puerperis. 8vo.), and was admitted a
fellow of the College of Physicians of that city. Proceed-
ing to London, he was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 1 st October, 1764. He practised chiefly
as an accoucheur, and attained to considerable eminence
in that department. " He was extremely patient as long
as patience was a virtue, and in cases of difficulty or of
extreme danger he decided with quickness and great
judgment, and he had always a mind sufficiently firm to
enable his hands to execute that which his head had dic-
tated." He was a fellow of the Royal and of the Anti-
quarian Societies, and physician to the British Lying-in
hospital. Dying on the 1st March, 1812, aged eighty,
he was buried in Bunh ill-fields. Dr. Garthshore was
thought strikingly like the first earl of Chatham in
person, and was sometimes mistaken for him. This
likeness on one occasion produced a considerable sen-
sation in the house of Commons lord Chatham was
pointed to as in the gallery, and all present believed
him to be there. The person really in the gallery was
Dr. Garthshore.' 55 ' Dr. Garthshore's portrait, by Slater,
was engraved by Collyer. He was the author of
On Extra Uteriue Cases and Rupture of the Tubes and Uterus.
8vo. Lond. 1787.
On a Case of Numerous Births. 4to. Lond. 1787.
THOMAS DICKSON, M.D., was born at Dumfries, and
took his degree of doctor of medicine at Leyden 8th
April, 1746 (D.M.I. de Sanguinis Missione). He was
elected physician to the London hospital 1st May, 1759 ;
and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 9th February, 1765. He was admitted a fellow of
the Eoyal Society 17th May, 1770. Dr. Dickson was
a man of considerable attainments, a good Greek scho-
* Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxxii, p. 391.
1765] EOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 261
lar, and well read in his profession. " He was," says a
contemporary account, " a man of singular humanity
and generosity ; he had a warm heart and an open hand ;
he was a man of strict probity, and died a Christian
believer." His death, which occurred at his house in
Broad-street buildings, 1st June, 1784, was caused by
pulmonary consumption. He was buried by his own
directions in the church of St. Mary, Whitechapel,
where there was a monument with the following in-
scription :
In memory of
THOMAS DICKSON, M.D., F.R.S.,
born at Dumfries, educated at Edinburgh and Leyden,
25 years physician to the London Hospital.
A man of singular probity, loyalty, and humanity ;
kind to his relations, beloved by all who knew him ;
learned and skilful in his profession,
unfe'ed by the poor,
he lived to do good,
and died a Christian believer,
June 1, 1784, aged 58 years.
Dr. Dickson communicated several papers to the
" Medical Observations and Inquiries," and was the
author of
A Treatise on Blood-letting. 8vo. Lond. 1763.
JOHN MORGAN, M.D., was born in Philadelphia in
1736, and educated at the college in that city, from
which institution he received the degree of A.B. in
1757, that being the first occasion on which degrees of
any kind were conferred there. He commenced the
study of medicine under Dr. Redman, of Philadelphia,
and having made some progress in it, joined the pro-
vincial troops in the capacity of surgeon. In 1760 he
visited Europe to complete his professional education.
After attending the lectures of Dr. William Hunter and
Mr. Hewson in London, he proceeded to Edinburgh,
carrying with him, among other letters of introduction,
one from Benjamin Franklin, commending him in no
ordinary terms to the advice and countenance of Dr.
Cullen, whose good opinion and friendship he soon sup-
262 ROLL OF THE
ceeded in securing to himself. He passed two years in
Edinburgh, and graduated doctor of medicine there 18th
July, 1763. In his inaugural essay on this occasion,
" Tentamen Medicum de Puris Confectione," he main-
tained that pus is a secretion from the vessels, and in
this view anticipated John Hunter. * Dr. Morgan next
visited France and Italy. He had, while in England,
become a proficient in the art of injecting organs with
wax, and preparing them by subsequent corrosion.
While in Paris and attending the anatomical lectures of
M. Sue, he prepared a kidney by this process and ac-
quired by it, and some similar specimens he had brought
with him from England, such a reputation as led to his
election as a corresponding member of the Royal Aca-
demy of Surgery of Paris, In the course of his tour
into and from Italy, he visited Morgagni at Padua and
Voltaire at Geneva. Returning to London, he was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 9th
February, 1765. About the same time he was elected
a fellow of the Royal Society and a fellow of the Col-
lege of Physicians of Edinburgh, and soon afterwards
returned to America. During his residence in Europe
he had concerted with Dr. Shippen the plan of a me-
dical school in his native city, which he proceeded to
carry out on his arrival at Philadelphia, and was nomi-
nated to the chair of the theory and practice of physic.
In 1769 he witnessed the first fruits of his labours in
this direction, for in that year five gentlemen received
at Philadelphia the first academic honours in medicine
that were conferred in America. Dr. Morgan was the
first physician in America who declined the practice of
pharmacy, and restricted himself to prescribing medi-
* Dr. James Curry, physician to Guy's hospital and lecturer on
medicine there, after careful examination awards the credit of
priority in this view, to Dr. Morgan, and says : " I could not avoid
giving that merit to Dr. Morgan, who discussed the question with
great ingenuity in his Inaugural Dissertation on taking his degree
at Edinburgh in 1763 ; whilst I could find no proof that Mr. Hunter
had taught or even adopted such an opinion until a considerably
later period." London Medical and Physical Journal, 1817.
1765] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 263
cine for the sick. He was active in establishing the
American Philosophical Society in 1769, and he under-
took a journey to Jamaica in 1773 to solicit benefactions
for the advancement of general literature in the college
of Philadelphia. In October, 1775, he was appointed
director-general and physician-in-chief to the general
hospital of the American army, when he repaired to
Cambridge. The dissensions between the surgeons of
the hospital and of the regiments rendered Dr. Morgan's
position a very difficult one, and calumnious statements
against him having gained credence, he was removed
from his office in 1 7 77 without being allowed an oppor-
tunity of vindicating himself. After his removal, how-
ever, he presented himself before a Committee of Con-
gress appointed at his request, and was honourably ac-
quitted. Dr. Morgan, who had for some years retired
very much from active life, chagrined, it is said, at his
treatment by congress in removing him from the post
of director-general upon charges from which he had
been exonerated, died 15th October, 1789, aged fifty-
three. His successor in the professor's chair was Dr.
Hush. Dr. Morgan was the author of
A Discourse on the Institution of Medical Schools in America,
with a Preface, containing, among other things, the Author's
Apology for attempting to introduce the regular mode of practising
physic at Philadelphia. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1765.
Four Dissertations on the Reciprocal Advantages of a perpetual
Union between Great Britain and her American Colonies. 1766.
A Recommendation of Inoculation. 8vo. 1766.
A Vindication of his Public Character in the Station of Director-
General. 8vo. 1777.*
SAMUEL CHAPMAN, M.D., was a native of Oxford,
and a doctor of medicine of Aberdeen of 20th February,
1763. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 1st April, 1765.
* History of the Medical Department of the University of Penn-
sylvania from its foundation in 1765, by Joseph Carson, M.D. 8vo.
Phil., 1869. Life, Lectures and Writings of William Cullen, M.D.,
by John Thomson, M.D. 2 vols. 8vo. Edinb. 1859 ; Vol. 1, pp.
140, 633. Allen's American Biographical and Historical Dic-
tionary. 8vo. Boston, 1832, p. 593.
264 ROLL OF THE [1765
JOHN LAWSON. A native of Middlesex, but not a
graduate in arts or medicine ; was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 1st April, 1765.
RICHARD PULTENEY, M.D., was the son of Samuel
Pulteney, by his wife Mary Tomlinson, and was born at
Loughborough, co. Leicester, on the 17th February, 1730.
He was educated in an ordinary elementary school in
that county ; after which he served a seven years' ap-
prenticeship to an apothecary, and then commenced
practice at Leicester. His progress there was slow, and
wholly inadequate to his deserts ; but he devoted the
abundant leisure he possessed to self-improvement, and
especially to the study of his favourite sciences, botany
and natural history. At a very early period he became
a contributor to the " Gentleman's Magazine," and some
years later to the " Philosophical Transactions." His
papers to the Royal Society introduced him to the no-
tice of Sir William Watson, M.D., and through him to
the earl of Macclesfield, then president of the society,
and several other eminent literary characters. Through
their recommendation he was induced to leave Leicester,
and take the necessary steps to qualify himself as a phy-
sician. With this object he proceeded to Edinburgh,
and there, by a special act of favour, was admitted to
examination without residence or attendance upon lec-
tures, and proceeded doctor of medicine in 1764 (D.M.I.
de Cinchon& Officinali). Dr. Pulteney then came to
London, and was appointed domestic physician to the
earl of Bath. The death of that nobleman within a
year gave a different direction to his views ; and, a good
opening for a physician presenting itself at Blandford,
Dr. Pulteney determined on removing thither. Pre-
liminary to this he presented himself before the College
of Physicians, and was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
18th April, 1765. He soon got into extensive practice
at Blandford, and accumulated a handsome fortune. He
died, generally esteemed and respected, 13th October,
1801, aged seventy-one ; and was buried at the village of
1765] ROYAL COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS. 265
Langton, about a mile from Blandford. A tablet with
the following inscription was placed in Blandford
church :
This tablet
is erected in memory of
RICHARD PULTENEY, M.D., F.R.S.,
who, after 36 years' residence in this town,
died on the 13th October, 1801, aged 71.
That modesty for which he was
remarkable through life, forbad any
vain eulogium on his tomb ; but he will
long be remembered with gratitude and
affection, both as a physician and as a
friend ; and with the truest reverence
and sorrow by Elizabeth, his afflicted
widow, daughter of John and
Elizabeth Gatton, of Shapwick, Dorset.
Dr. Pulteney's portrait by J. Beach was engraved by
T. Roberts. He was a fellow of the Royal Societies of
London and Edinburgh, a fellow of the Linnaean So-
ciety, and an honorary member of the Royal Medical So-
ciety of Edinburgh. Besides his contributions to the
" Philosophical Transactions," the " Gentleman's Maga-
zine," and the " Transactions of the Linnsean Society,"
he was the author of
A General View of the Writings of Linnaeus. 4to. Lond.
Historical and Biographical Sketches of the Progress of Botany
in England, from its origin to the introduction of the Linneean
System. 8vo. 2 vols. Lond. 1790.
WILLIAM WILLIAMS was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 23rd May, 1765.
SIDNEY EVELIN was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
the CoUege 23rd May, 1765.
JOSIAH COLE, M.D. A native of London, and a doc-
tor of medicine of Glasgow of 17th December, 1742;
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
25th June, 1765.
MATTHEW MATY, M.D., was the son of a Dutch Lu-
266 ROLL OF THE [1765
theran clergyman; and was born, in 1718, at Mont-
fort, near Utrecht. Originally intended for the Church,
in whose communion he was born, he was induced, in
consequence of some heterodox opinions entertained by
his father, to turn his attention to physic. He studied
at Ley den, and on the 31st March, 1732, when fourteen
years of age, was entered on the philosophy line there.
He graduated doctor of medicine at Leyden llth Febru-
ary, 1740 (D.M.I, de Consuetudinis Efficacia in Corpus
Humanum) ; immediately after which he quitted Hol-
land and settled in England. In 1750 he commenced
the publication in French of the " Journal Britannique,"
printed at the Hague, and giving an account of the pro-
ductions of the English press, " This humble, though
useful labour," to use the words of the historian Gibbon,
" which had once been dignified by the genius of Bayle
and the learning of Le Clerc, was not disgraced by the
taste, the knowledge, and the judgment of Maty. His
style is pure and eloquent, and in his virtues, or even
in his defects, he may be reckoned as one of the last
disciples of the school of Fontanelle." The Journal,
which was continued for five years, was held in high
estimation in England, and served to introduce him to
some of the most eminent literary men in this his
adopted country. It was to their active and uninter-
rupted friendship, no less than to his own merits, that
he owed the important situations which he subsequently
filled. On the establishment of the British Museum,
in 1753, he was appointed one of the under-librarians ;
and on the death of the principal librarian, Dr. Knight,
was nominated to that office. Dr. Maty was admitted
a fellow of the Royal Society in 1752 ; and a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765. He was
elected foreign secretary of the Royal Society the 4th
March, 1762 ; and secretary, 30th November, 1765, an
office he continued to hold for eleven years. He died
in the latter part of 1776. A portrait of Dr. Maty was
by his own order engraved after his death by Barto-
lozzi, to be given to his friends. Of these one hundred
1765] ROYAL COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS. 267
copies only were struck off, and the plate then destroyed.
The doctor at the time of his death had nearly finished
the " Memoirs of the Earl of Chesterfield," which were
completed by his son-in-law, Mr. Justamond, and pre-
fixed to the earl's " Miscellaneous Works/' published
in 1777, in two volumes quarto. He was the author
also of
Essai surl' Usage. Ultr. 1741.
Ode sur la Rebellion en Ecosse. 8vo. Amst. 1746.
Essai sur le Caractere du Grand Medicin, ou Eloge Critique de
Boerhaave. 8vo. Col, 1747.
Authentic Memoirs of the Life of Richard Mead, M.D. 12mo.
Lond. 1755.
Translation of a Discourse on Inoculation by M. de la Conda-
mine. 8vo. Lond. 1765.
New Observations on Inoculation, by Dr. Garth, Professor of
Medicine in the University of Paris. From the French. 8vo. Lond.
1768.
DAVID ORME, M.D. A native of Scotland, and a
doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 29th June, 1749
(D.M.I, de Angina Inflammatori) ; was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765.
He held the office of man-midwife extraordinary to the
City of London Lying-in hospital, and died at Lamienby,
in the parish of Bexley, Kent, on the 4th April, 1812,
in his eighty-fifth year.
THOMAS MANNINGHAM, M.D., was the second son of
Sir Richard Manningham, an obstetric physician, who
has been already mentioned in this volume. He was a
doctor of medicine of the university of St. Andrew's, of
24th May, 1765 ; and was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 25th June following. He resided
for some years in Jermyn-street, but in 1780 removed
to Bath, where he died 3rd February, 1794.
JOHN HILL, M.D. A native of Somersetshire, and a
doctor of medicine, but of what university is not re-
corded ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1765. He died at Canonbury
the 9th February, 1789.
268 ROLL OF THE [1765
HUGH ALEXANDER KENNEDY, M.D. An Irishman,
and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of llth June,
1754 (D.M.I, de Rhabarbaro) ; was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765. He was
elected physician to the Middlesex hospital 1st Febru-
ary, 1759, and held that office for more than twenty-
three years. He was also physician to the army ; and
at the time of his death, which occurred on the 28th
April, 1795, was physician extraordinary to the prince
of Wales, and director-general of British hospitals on
the continent.
CHRISTOPHER NUGENT, M.D. An Irishman, and a
doctor of medicine, but of what university is not stated,
had practised for several years with success at Bath,
but then settled in London and on the 25th June, 1765,
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians.
He was one of the Johnsonian clique, and one of the ori-
ginal nine members of the Literary club formed by
Johnson and Sir Joshua Reynolds, which met at the
Turk's Head in Gerard-street every Monday evening.
" Dr. Nugent," writes Sir John Hawkins, " was a physi-
cian of the Romish communion, and rising into practice
with persons of that persuasion. He was an ingenious,
sensible, and learned man of easy conversation and ele-
gant manners. Johnson had a high opinion of him and
always spoke of him in terms of respect." * He was a
fellow of the Royal Society and died in Suffolk-street,
Strand, 12th October, 1775. His daughter, Jane Mary,
became the wife of Edmund Burke. We have from his
pen
An Essay on Hydrophobia. 8vo. Lond. 1753.
LUKE WAYMAN, M.D. A native of Huntingdon-
shire, was bred an apothecary, in which capacity he
practised for several years at Royston. He was created
a doctor of medicine of Marischal college, Aberdeen,
17th December, 1760 ; and was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765.
* Life of Samuel Johnson, LL.D. 2nd edition, p. 415.
1765] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 269
JAMES FRANCIS DE LA FONTAINE, M.D. A Swiss,
and a doctor of medicine, but of what university is not
stated ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 25fch June, 1765.
JOHN NAPIER, M.D. A native of Scotland, was en-
tered on the physic line at Ley den 29th September,
1734, being then twenty years of age, and graduated
doctor of medicine at Rheims 10th October, 1735. He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
25th June, 1765.
ROBERT JAMES, M.D., was born, in 1703, at Kin-
vaston, in Staffordshire. His father was a major in
the army ; his mother a sister of Sir Robert CJarke. He
had his preliminary education at the grammar school of
Lichfield, where he was contemporary with the great
lexicographer Johnson. He went thence to St. John's
college, Oxford, and as a member of that house pro-
ceeded A.B. 5th July, 1726. He was admitted an Ex-
tra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 12th January,
1727-8, and the 8th May of the same year was created
doctor of medicine at Cambridge, by royal mandate.
He practised successively at Sheffield, Lichfield, and
Birmingham, but eventually removed to London ; and
was admitted a Licentiate of the College 25th June,
1765. Dr. James was the inventor of the celebrated
" fever powders," which bear his name. He was a per-
son of very considerable attainments, and was highly
esteemed by Dr. Johnson, who is reported to have said
of him, that " no man brought more mind to his pro-
fession ;" but he tarnished the fair fame he might other-
wise have obtained, by patenting his powders, and falsi-
fying their specification. Dr. James died 23rd March,
1776, aged seventy- three. He was a voluminous writer,
and published the following works :
A Medical Dictionary, with a History of Drags. 3 vols. Fol.
Lond. 1743.
A Treatise on the Gout and Rheumatism. 8vo. Lond. 1745.
270 ROLL OF THE [17G5
A Translation of Bammazini de Morbis Artificum, &c. 8vo.
Lond. 1746.
The Presages of Life and Death in Diseases, translated from the
Latin of Prosper Alpinus. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 17-46.
A Dissertation on Fevers and Inflammatory Distempers. 8vo.
Lond. 1748.
This ran to eight editions, to the last of which, a posthu-
mous publication, was appended
A Vindication of the Fever Powder, and a short Treatise on the
Disorders of Children. 8vo. Lond. 1778.
Pharmacopoeia Universalis ; or, a New Universal English Dis-
pensatory. 8vo. Lond. 1752.
The Practice of Physick. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1760.
A Treatise on Canine Madness. 8vo. Lond. 1760.
BENJAMIN ALEXANDER, M.D., was an Irishman. On
the 28th November, 1761, being then twenty-five years
of age, he was inscribed on the physic line at Leyden,
preparatory to taking his degree of doctor of medicine,
which he did 1st December, 1761 (D.M.I, de Motu
Musculorum). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 25th June, 1765. He was elected
physician to the London hospital 5th June, 1765 ; and
died 27th April, 1768, about the thirty- third year of
his age. Dr. Alexander is still remembered by his
translation into English of Morgagni's great work " De
Sedibus et Causis Morborum," which issued from the
London press, in three volumes quarto, the year after
his death. "Dr. Alexander," says Mr. Wadd, "was a
short, corpulent man, and so great a devotee of the
Brunonian system, that he drank thirteen pints of por-
ter the day of his death. He was not in much business,
and was chiefly supported by two bachelors of the name
of Cook, opulent silk mercers at Aldgate, by whose in-
terest he was introduced into the London hospital. He
used to say he undertook the translation of Morgagni's
work in consequence of a taunt from Sir George Baker,
but the guinea per sheet from the bookseller was a more
probable cause. He was a clever man, but vain of his
talents."
1765] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 271
JOHN MATHER, M.D., was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 18th September, 1765.
WILLIAM BAYLIES, M.D., was born in Worcester-
shire, and bred an apothecary, in which capacity he
practised for some years in the country. By a marriage
with the daughter of Mr. Thomas Cookes, a wealthy
and influential attorney at Evesham, he acquired an in-
dependency, and thereupon determined to practise as a
physician. He obtained a degree of doctor of medicine
from the university of Aberdeen 18th December, 1748,
and on the 7th August, 1759, was admitted a fellow of
the College of Physicians of Edinburgh. He settled at
Bath, and shortly afterwards published a small treatise,
entitled "Reflections on the Use and Abuse of Bath
Waters/' which involved him in an acrimonious dispute
with Dr. Lucas and Dr. Oliver, the two leading physi-
cians in that city. He next printed " A Narrative of
Facts, demonstrating the Existence and Cause of a Phy-
sical Confederacy, made known in the printed letters of
Dr. Lucas and Dr. Oliver ;" and, in consequence of this
Publication, was excluded from all consultations at Bath,
n 1761 Dr. Baylies was a candidate for the represen-
tation of Evesham in Parliament ; and in November of
that year presented a petition against the return of one
of the members, alleging that he himself had received
a majority of votes, and ought to have been returned.
The petition was ordered to be heard the 15th of De-
cember ; but before the day arrived it was allowed to
be withdrawn. Having lost all chance of success at
Bath, he removed to London ; and on the 8th Novem-
ber, 1764, was elected physician to the Middlesex hos-
pital. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1765 ; and about that time
" took a magnificent house in Great George-street,
Westminster, where he kept an excellent table and tine
carriages, gave splendid entertainments and wines, and
was remarkable for an enormous tie-wig. He lived there
about six months, put off notes, and then was obliged
272 ROLL OF THE [1765
to abscond, on account of some disgraceful money trans-
actions." He retreated to Germany, and practised first
at Dresden, and then at Berlin, where he succeeded in
gaining the confidence and patronage of Frederick the
Great. The doctor died at Berlin, apparently a rich
man, the 2nd March, 1787, aged sixty-three. A por-
trait of him, by H. Schmid, engraved by D. Berger, was
published at Berlin. Dr. Baylies, in addition to the
two pamphlets above mentioned, was the author of
Remarks on Perry's Analysis of the Stratford Mineral Water.
8vo. Stratford-upon-Avon. 1745.
A History of the General Hospital or Infirmary at Bath. 8vo.
Lond. 1758.
Facts and Observations relative to Inoculation at Berlin. 8vo.
Edinb. 1781.
JOHN FORD, M.D. A native of London, and a doc-
tor of medicine of the university of St. Andrew's ; was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1765. He practised as an accoucheur, and
was for many years physician to the Charity for Deli-
vering Poor Married Women at their own Houses. Dr.
Ford died at his house in Highbury-place 27th May,
1806, aged seventy. "About twenty years before his
death he retired from practice ; and having married a
rich widow, had since resided in Highbury-place. He
was a man of learning and much respected, a Methodist,
and for many years had been in the habit of occasionally
preaching at the principal chapels of that sect."*
JOSEPH ALLEN, M.D., was born in Ireland, and bred
a surgeon, in which capacity he accompanied lord
Anson in his celebrated voyage round the globe. On
his return to England he was chosen master of Dulwich
college. He obtained the degree of doctor of medicine
from the university of St. Andrew's 23rd April, 1754 ;
and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 30th September, 1765. Dr. Allen retained his
mastership of Dulwich college for thirty years, and then
* Gentleman's Magazine.
1765] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 273
vacated it by marriage. He died, after a few days' ill-
ness, on the 10th January, 1796, being then in his
eighty-third year, and, as was believed, the last survivor
of those who accompanied Lord Anson. " His conduct
in public and private life was most exemplary ; he was
charitable, just and liberal, full of information, friend-
ship, and benevolence ; and by his will, dated 12th No-
vember, 1793, bequeathed 500Z. to the Asylum; 500/.
to the Lying-in hospital, and 200?. to the vicar and
churchwardens of Camberwell, the interest on which
was to be laid out in coals and distributed annually
among the poor housekeepers of Dulwich for ever."
Dr. Allen's portrait, by G. Bomney, was engraved by
C. Townley.
JAMES WALKER, M.D. A doctor of medicine of St.
Andrew's, and a fellow of the College of Physicians of
Edinburgh ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians of London 23rd December, 1765. He
practised in Jamaica, and his name continues on our
list until 1804.
FRANCIS DE YALINGEN, M.D., was born at Berne
in Switzerland, and received his general and medical
education at Leyden. Though educated in physic, it
was not originally his intention to pursue it as a pro-
fession, his connections having led him to look for
advancement in a department of public life. Towards
the end of the reign of George the Second, he kissed
hands on receiving some diplomatic appointment to the
court of Madrid ; but on the retreat of his patron from
power almost immediately afterwards, he declined the
honour, and then devoted himself to physic. He was
created doctor of medicine by the university of St.
Andrew's 9th July, 1763 ; and was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 23rd December,
1765. He resided in Fore-street, Cripplegate; but about
1772 purchased some ground near White Conduit-fields
where he erected a house, extensive in conveniences
VOL. II. T
274 ROLL OF THE [17G6
but fanciful in construction, being built on a plan laid
down by himself. At this suburban house, Hermes-
hill, Pentonville, he thenceforward resided, but he con-
tinued his practice in Fore-street. He died, after a
short illness, 1st March, 1805, aged eighty, at Hermes-
hill, and was buried in Cripplegate church. Dr. de
Valingen was a person of refined taste and an ardent
lover of music and painting in the former art he was
a good performer, and he left behind him in manuscript
some remarks on the theory of musical composition.*
He was the author of "A Treatise on Diet." 8vo. Lond.
1768 ; and was the first to suggest the employment of
the chloride of arsenic in practice. A large quantity
of this compound he prepared with his own hands, and
presented it to the Apothecaries' Company, under the
name of " solvent mineral," a solution of which was
thenceforward kept on sale at the Hall, and was ex-
tensively prescribed by some of the leading physicians
in the city. It was supposed to be safer and more effi-
cacious than Fowler's solution, and on these grounds
was admitted into the last London Pharmacopoeia, under
the name of Liquor Arsenici Chloridi. Dr. de Valin-
gen's portrait, by Abbot, was engraved by J. Collyer
in 1794.
WILLIAM VAUGHAN, M.D., was born in London, and
received his medical education at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 19th July, 1756 (D.M.I,
de Kheumatismo). He was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 23rd December, 1765 ; and
died at his house in Union-court, Old Broad-street,
from the effects of a violent cold, 7th August, 1790,
aged fifty-nine. He is represented as a good practi-
tioner, a passionate lover of music and poetry, an ac-
complished classical scholar, and an enthusiastic admirer
of Virgil and Homer.
JOHN BRISBANE, M.D. A Scotchman, and a doctor
* Wadd's Nugee Chimrgicse, p. 26o.
1766] ROYAL COLLEGE OP PHYSICIANS. 275
of medicine of Edinburgh of 1750 (D.M.I. de iis quse
Medico ad artem bene exercendam adesae debent), was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 24th
March, 1766. He was elected physician to the Mid-
dlesex hospital 4th May, 1758. In February, 1772,
he obtained leave of absence from the hospital lor three
months this in April was extended to a further period
of six months, and in November to the 1st June, 1773.
Failing then to return, the office of physician was de-
clared vacant. Dr. Brisbane's name disappears from
the College list in 1776. He was the author of
Select Cases in the Practice of Medicine. 8vo. Lond. 1762.
Anatomy of Painting ; or, a Short aud Easy Introduction to
Anatomy, &c., &c. To which are added, the Anatomy of Celsus,
with notes, and the Physiology of Cicero. Folio. Lond*. 1769.
JOHN GREEN, M.D., was born in Middlesex, and edu-
cated at St. John's college, Oxford, as a member of
which he proceeded A.B. 10th October, 1744; A.M.
8th July, 1745 ; M.B. 28th April, 1748 ; and M.D. 4th
February, 1752. He was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 25th June, 1765 ; and a Fellow,
25th June, 1766. Dr. Green delivered the Harveian
oration in 1771. He resided at Greenwich, and was
Censor in 1777, but did not live through his year of
office. He died 1st January, 1778.
JOHN LEAKE, M.D., was born the 8th June, 1729, at
Ainstable, in Cumberland, of which place his father,
the Rev. William Leake, was then curate. He was a
doctor of medicine of Rheims of the 9th August, 1763,
and was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 25th June, 1766. He devoted himself to mid-
wifery, delivered lectures on that subject, and was the
first physician appointed to the Westminster Lying-in
hospital, of which institution he is regarded as the
founder. He died at his house in Parliament-street,
8th August, 1792, and was buried on the 16th in the
north cloister of Westminster Abbey. Dr. Leake's
T 2
276 BOLL OF THE [1706
portrait was painted by D. Gardiner, and engraved by
Bartolozzi. His published works are
A Syllabus of Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery.
4to. Lond. 1767.
Practical Observations on Childbed Fever ; also on the Nature
and Treatment of Uterine Hemorrhage, Convulsions, &c. 8vo.
Lond. 1772.
A Lecture introductory to the Theory and Practice of Midwifery.
4to. Lond. 1773.
Practical Observations on the Acute Diseases incident to Women.
8vo. Lond. 1774.
The Description and Use of a New Forceps. 4to. Lond. 1773.
Vindication of his Forceps against the remarks of T. Denman,
M.D. 4to. Lond. 1774.
Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Midwifery. 8vo.
Lond. 1777.
Medical Instructions towards the Prevention and Cure of Chronic
or Slow Diseases peculiar to Women. 8vo. Lond. 1777.
A Dissertation on the Properties and Efficacy of the Lisbon Diet
Drink in the Venereal, Scurvy, Gout, &c. 8vo. Lond.
A Practical Essay on Diseases of the Viscera, particularly of the
Stomach and Bowels, the Liver, Spleen, and Urinary Bladder. 8vo.
Lond. 1792.
ROBERT BROMFIELD, M.D. A native of Hampton,
and a doctor of medicine of Marischal college, Aber-
deen of 25th May, 1766 ; was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1766. Dr.
Bromfield was physician to the British Lying-in hos-
pital. He was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society
22nd April, 1779 ; and he died 24th March, 1786.
ROWLAND JACKSON, M.D., was born in Ireland, and
graduated doctor of medicine at Rheims 16th August,
1746. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1766 ; and then went to Cal-
cutta, where he probably died in 1787 or 1788. He
was the author of
De Vera Phlebotomise Theoria Sanguinis Circulationis Legibus
innixa Tentamen. 8vo. Lond. 1747.
A Physical Dissertation on Drowning, in which submersion is
shewn to be a long time consistent with the continuance of life.
8vo. Lond. 1747.
1766] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 277
A New Theory of the Oblate Spheroidical Figure of the Earth.
8vo. Lond. 1748.
DANIEL BRIDGES was bred as an apothecary ; but,
ambitious of a higher position, he presented himself
before the Elects of the College of Physicians, and on
the 4th October, 1766, was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate. He practised at Hull, and was the first appointed
physician (1782) to the infirmary in that town. " With
his more regular practice as a physician he combined
that of an accoucheur, much against the wishes of the
surgeons and contemporary apothecaries, so that he
was obliged to connect himself with a dispensing drug-
gist, then quite a new character ; and thus, though
well respected by a particular set of acquaintances, he
never attained any eminence in the opinion of the
faculty, or of the higher ranks in the town or country.
He was a man of genius and a scholar, though rough
in his manner. He it was who first discovered a
method of converting spermaceti into a composition
well adapted for burning as wax ; and the Hull sper-
maceti candles, which he manufactured, were burned
in almost every drawing-room in the kingdom. Had
he had common prudence, and kept the invention
secret, he might have died rich from this manufacture
alone ; but, being fond of company and shooting, he
entrusted his secret to his workman, who soon found
occasion to leave him and set up for himself, and thus
to draw away most industriously the advantages of the
invention. His family came to poverty, whilst his ser-
vant left a fortune behind him."* He died about the
year 1792.
PETER SWINTON, M.D., was born in Cheshire, and
obtained his degree of doctor of medicine from Marischal
college, Aberdeen, 3rd October, 1764. He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd Decem-
* MS. Sketches of some of his Contemporaries, by John Alder-
son, M.D. of Hull. Penes Jac. Alderson, M.D.
278 BOLL OF THE [1767
ber, 1766 ; and dying in 1785, aged fifty-seven, was
buried at St. Sepulchre's, Snow-hill.
WILLIAM FALCONER, M.D., was born at Chester, in
February, 1744, and was the son of William Falconer,
esq., recorder of that city, by his wife Elizabeth, a
daughter of R. Wilbraham, esq., of Townsend, near
Nantwich. He received his medical education at Edin-
burgh, where he took the degree of doctor of medicine
in 1766 (D.M.I, de Nephritide Vera). He then pro-
ceeded to Leyden, and attended the lectures of Gaubius
and Albinus. He was admitted an Extra- Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 12th March, 1767 ; and,
settling in practice at Chester, was the same year
elected physician to the Chester infirmary, and on the
18th March, 1773, was admitted a fellow of the Royal
Society. After a successful career in Chester, Dr. Fal-
coner removed to Bath. His scientific reputation had
preceded him, and at once introduced him into good
practice. He was appointed physician to the Bath
general hospital the 12th May, 1784, an office which
he retained until the 10th February, 1819. He died
at his house in the Circus, Bath, 31st August, 1824,
aged eighty, and was buried at Weston, where he is
thus commemorated :
Beneath are deposited the remains of
WM. FALCONER, M.D., F.R.S., son of Wm. Falconer,
Recorder of Chester, and Elizth. Wilbraham, dau.
of Randle Wilbraham, of Nantwich, Cheshire.
Born Feb. 23 (N.S.), 1744, died Aug. 31, 1824.
HENRIETTA, his wife, dau. of Thomas Edmunds of Wosboro' Hall,
York.
Born March 22, 1739; died Sept. 10, 1803.
Dr. Falconer was a fellow of the Royal Society, and
a man of varied attainments, general as well as pro-
fessional. He occupied a prominent position among
his contemporaries ; and his writings, which were very
numerous, are still deservedly esteemed. They are
An Essay on Bath Waters. 8vo. Lond. 1772.
1767] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 279
Observations on Dr. Cadogan's Dissertation on the Gout and
all Chronic Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1772.
An Essay on the Bath Waters : on their External Use. In Two
Parts. I. On Warm Bathing in General. II. On the External
Use of the Bath Waters. 8vo. 1774.
Observations and Experiments on the Poison of Copper. 12mo.
Lond. 1774.
An Essay on the Water used in Diet at Bath. 12mo. Lond.
1776.
Experiments and Observations. In Three Parts. 8vo. Lond.
1776.
Observations on some of the Articles of Diet and Regimen
usually recommended to Valetudinarians. 12mo. Lond. 1778.
Remarks on the Influence of Climate, Situation, Country, Popu-
lation, Food, and Way of Life. 4to. Lond. 1781.
Account of the Epidemic Catarrhal Fever called the Influenza.
8vo. Lond. 1782.
On the Influence of the Passions upon tbe Disorders of the Body.
8vo. Lond. 1788.
Essay on the Preservation of the Health of Persons Employed in
Agriculture, and on the Cure of Diseases incident to that Way of
Life. 8vo. Bath. 1789.
A Brief Account of the newly-discovered Water at Middle Hill,
near Box, in Wiltshire. 8vo. 1789.
Practical Dissertation on the Medicinal Effects of the Bath
Waters. 8vo. Bath. 1790.
An Account of the Efficacy of the Aqua Mephitica Alkalina in
Calculous Disorders and other Complaints of the Urinary Passages.
8vo. Lond. 1792.
Miscellaneous Tracts and Collections relating to Natural History,
selected from the Principal Writers of Antiquity on that subject.
4to. Camb. 1793.
An Account of the Use, Application, and Success of the Bath
Waters in Rheumatic Cases. 8vo. Lond. 1795.
Observations respecting the Pulse. 12mo. Lond. 1796.
An Essay on the Plague ; also, a Sketch of a Plan of Internal
Police. 8vo. Lond. 1801.
An Examination of Dr. Heberden's Observations on the Increase
and Decrease of Different Diseases, and particularly the Plague.
8vo. Bath. 1802.
An Account of the Epidemic Catarrhal Fever, commonly called
the Influenza, as it appeared at Bath in the Winter and Spring of
1803. 8vo. Bath. 1803.
A Remonstrance addressed to the Rev. Richard Warner on the
subject of his Fast Sermon. 8vo. Bath. 1804.
A Dissertation on the Ischias ; or, the Disease of the Hip- joint,
commonly called a Hip Case. 8vo. Lond. 1805.
Arrian's Voyage round the Enxine Sea, with a Geographical De-
scription ; and three Discourses. 4to. Oxford. 1805.
280 ROLL OF THE [1767
Observations on the Words which the Centurion uttered at the
Crucifixion of our Lord. 8vo. Oxford. 1805.
Dissertation on St. Paul's Voyage from Ceesarea to Puteoli ; on
the Wind Euroclydon ; and on the Apostle's Shipwreck on the
Island of Melite. 8vo. Oxford. 1817.
Dr. Falconer's portrait, by Daniel, was engraved by
J. Fittler.
ALEXANDER HAY, M.D. A native of Edinburgh,
and a doctor of medicine of Leyden, of 14th December,
1765 (D.M.I. de Affectionibus Hystericis et Hypochon-
driacis) ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 13th April, 1767. He was admitted a fel-
low of the Eoyal Society 25th June, 1778.
ROBERT THOMLINSON, M.D., was born in London, and
educated at Trinity college, Cambridge. He proceeded
M.B. 1740 ; M.D. 1766 ; was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 30th September, 1766 ; and
a Fellow 30th September, 1767. He was Censor in
1769, 1773, 1779, 1784; Treasurer from 1780 to 1787
inclusive ; and was named an Elect 30th September,
1784. Dr. Thomlinson was physician to Guy's hospital,
to which he was elected 10th August, 1764. He died
of gout in the stomach 5th June, 1788.
JOHN LEWIS PETIT, M.D., was descended from a re-
spectable French family that fled to this country on the
revocation of the edict of Nantes. He was the son of
John Petit, esq., of Little Aston, in the parish of Shen-
stone, Staffordshire, by his wife Sarah, daughter of John
Hayes, of Wolverhampton, esq. ; and was educated at
Queen's college, Cambridge, as a member of which house
he proceeded A.B. 1756, A.M. 1759, M.D. 1766. He
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1766 ; and a Fellow 30th September,
1767. He delivered the Gulstonian lectures in 1768 ;
and was Censor 1768, 1774, 1777. Dr. Petit was elected
physician to St. George's hospital 2nd February, 1770 ;
1767] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 281
but resigned that office in 1774, having, on the 17th
March in that year, been elected physician to St. Bar-
tholomew's hospital. He died in the prime of life, on
the 27th May, 1780.
JOHN CAVERHILL. A Scotchman ; admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1767. He died at Old Melrose, Roxburghshire, 1st
September, 1781. He was a fellow of the Royal So-
ciety, and the author of
A Treatise on the Cause and Cure of Gout. 8vo. Lond. 1769.
Experiments on the Causes of Heat in Living Animals. 8vo.
Lond. 1770.
A Dissertation on Nervous Ganglions and Nervous Plexus. 8vo.
Lond. 1772.
Explanation of the Seventy Weeks of Daniel, and of the several
Sections of the Seventy Weeks. To which is added, An Exposition
of the Chronology of the Jewish Judges. With Tables illustrating
both Subjects. 8vo. Lond. 1777.
EDWARD SPRY, M.D., was born at Plymouth. Des-
tined by his father for the church, he received an ex-
cellent classical education, and was matriculated at
Oxford. His own predilection being for physic rather
than theology, he soon left the university, and return-
ing to Plymouth, was apprenticed for five years to Mr.
George Woollcombe, an eminent practitioner in that
town. On the completion of his articles, Mr. Spry pro-
ceeded to London, where he attended lectures and the
medical and surgical practice of the two borough hospi-
tals. He then travelled on the continent for a some-
what lengthened period ; and having visited the most
celebrated universities and medical schools of Scotland,
Ireland, France, Holland, and Italy, he returned to De-
vonshire and commenced practice as a surgeon at Ply-
mouth. In 1756 Mr. Spry's name was brought promi-
nently before the scientific world. At the fire of the
Eddystone lighthouse, on the 4th December, 1754, a
man ninety-four years of age was seriously injured by
the fall of a quantity of molten lead upon him, a por-
tion of which, to use the old man's reiterated assertion,
282 ROLL OF THE [1767
" ran down his throat into his body." With much diffi-
culty the aged sufferer was brought on shore, when
Mr. Spry was sent for. His treatment of the case was
eminently judicious, and the man survived the accident
for twelve days. On examination after death, a lump
of lead, 3f inches in length by Ij in breadth, and
weighing 7 oz. 5 drs. 1 8 grs. was extracted from the sto-
mach. Mr. Spry immediately drew up an account of
the case, and on the 19th December, 1755, forwarded it
to the Royal Society. The circumstances were so ex-
traordinary as to raise some doubts of the writer's vera-
city ; the reading of the paper was, therefore, post-
poned, confirmatory evidence was demanded, and Sir
William (then Mr.) Watson, an influential fellow of the
society, wrote to Dr. Huxham requesting him to inquire
into the case. Unfortunately Mr. Spry had been alone
at the post-mortem examination of the body, and no
eye-witness of the actual removal of the lead from the
stomach could be produced. Mr. Spry, therefore, in-
stituted a series of experiments upon the lower animals,
which proved so conclusive that he drew up a report of
them in a letter addressed directly to the president of
the society the earl of Macclesfield. Dr. Huxham,
too, who would seem in the first instance to have been
incredulous, expressed himself perfectly satisfied, and
in his reply to Sir William Watson testified to his own
belief in Mr. Spry's veracity. The original report of
the case, Mr. Spry's letter to the president, and Dr.
Huxhain's communication, were read to the society on
the 5th February, 1756, and published in the "Philoso-
phical Transactions/' vol. xlix, p. 477.
On the 4th January, 1759, Mr. Spry was created
doctor of medicine by the university of Aberdeen. He
continued, however, in general practice until 1762,
when he retired from that laborious branch of the pro-
fession. Intending to practise thenceforward as a phy-
sician, he devoted himself for a time to further study,
and with this view proceeded to the continent, where
he once more visited the principal medical schools of
1768] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 283
Europe. He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 9th November, 1767 ; and then,
passing over to Holland, proceeded master of arts and
doctor of medicine at Leyden 20th January, 1768
(D.M.I, de Variolis ac Morbillis iisque Inoculandis,
4to.). Dr. Spry commenced his career as a physician
at Totnes, where he practised for three or four years
with considerable success. Desirous, however, of a
wider field for his exertions, he determined on removing
to his native town. Prior thereto, he passed a session
at Edinburgh ; and on the 3rd May, 1774, was ad-
mitted a fellow of the College of Physicians there.
.Returning to Devonshire, he proceeded direct to Ply-
mouth, where he arrived but a few months before Dr.
Remmett, with whom he shared for some years the
practice and professional emoluments of the town and
neighbourhood. Dr. Spry was a good linguist. He
wrote Latin with great facility and elegance ; his
knowledge of Greek was considerable, and he read
Hebrew and Arabic. To these he added an acquaint-
ance with French and German. In his exercise at
Leyden for his doctor's degree, are numerous quota-
tions in all these languages. Those in Hebrew and
Arabic occur, indeed, with a frequency that savours
somewhat of ostentatious display. I have not recovered
the precise date of Dr. Spry's death. It must have
occurred before October, 1796, for his name has disap-
peared from the College list then published.
JOHN KEAY, of Newmarket, in the county of Flint,
was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 15th December, 1767.
JOHN TAPRELL, of the county of Derby, was ad-
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College 19th Feb-
ruary, 1768.
NICHOLSON DOUBLEDAY, M.D., was the seventh son
of Humphrey Doubleday, of Butterby and Old Elvet,
284 ROLL OF THE [1768
co. Durham (who died in 1727, aged sixty-two), by his
wife Elizabeth, daughter of Martin Nicholson, of Dur-
ham, merchant. He was a doctor of medicine of the
university of Rheims, and was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 29th March,
1768. He practised first at Hexham, and then at
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and died 12th April, 1802.
JOHN TURTON, M.D., was born in Staffordshire, and
educated at Queen's college, Oxford, as a member of
which he proceeded A.B. 16th June, 1756 ; A.M. 31st
May, 1759. He was elected Radcliffe travelling fellow
in May, 1761, and in September of that year was en-
tered on the physic line at Leyden. As a member of
University college he proceeded M.B. llth December,
1762, and M.D. 27th February, 1767. He was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 24th
September, 1767; and a Fellow, 30th September, 1768 ;
was Censor in 1769, 1775, 1782, 1788 ; and was named
an Elect 25th June, 1788. Dr. Turton's progress
as a physician was unusually rapid, and he accumu-
lated a very ample fortune. In 1771 he was appointed
physician to the queen's household ; in 1782, physician
in ordinary to the queen, and physician extraordinary
to the king ; and in 1797, physician in ordinary to the
king, and to the prince of Wales. Dr. Turton was a
fellow of the Royal Society, and of the Royal Society
of Medicine of Paris. He resigned his place of Elect
26th December, 1800, and died the 14th of April, 1806,
aged seventy, leaving to his widow a life interest in
the whole of his fortune, a few legacies only excepted,
namely, nine thousand a year in landed estates, most
of which were in Yorkshire, and sixty thousand pounds
in the funds. Having no family, Dr. Turton adopted
as his heir his kinsman, Mr. Edmund Peters, who as-
sumed the name of Turton on succeeding to the pro-
perty. Dr. Turton purchased Brasted-place, co. Kent,
of lord Frederick Campbell, and made it his country
house. He pulled down the old mansion, " venerable
1769] EOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 285
enough for its antiquity," said Philipott, and built the
original portion of the present imposing mansion. To
his new house Dr. Turton transferred some interesting
mementoes of royal favour. The clock which now tells
the time to the inhabitants of Brasted was a present
from George III, and had once a more exalted position
and the more public duty of striking the hours, as the
time oracle of all London from the turret at the Horse
Guards. And on the wall of the billiard-room is still
preserved the document which the emperor of China
had forwarded to the king illustrating the different arts
and manufactures of the Celestial empire. This was a
present from queen Caroline to her physician, *
Dr. Turton is commemorated in Brasted church by a
massive white marble monument a sarcophagus on
which are placed a bible and prayer-book, and a snake
coiled round a staff. The monument bears the follow-
ing inscription :
Mary the wife of John Turton, M.D.,
caused this monument to be erected
to the memory of her beloved husband.
Eminently skilled in the medical art,
He saved or lengthened the lives of others.
His own alas ! this marble tells us no art could save.
With full hope in Christ, of life to come immortal,
He died April 14th, 1806, aged 70.
His widow survived until 28th January, 1810, and
is also commemorated in Brasted church.
WILLIAM COOPER, M.D., was born in Worcestershire.
On the 24th November, 1766, being then twenty-five
years of age, he was entered on the physic line at
Leyden, where he graduated doctor of medicine 3rd
February, 1767 (D.M.I, de Abortionibus). He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 20th
March, 1769. Dr. Cooper was chiefly engaged in the
practice of midwifery, and was one of the physicians to
* History of Brasted, its manor, parish and church, by J. Cave
Brown, A.M. 8vo. Westerham. 1874.
28 G ROLL OF THE [".770
the charity for delivering poor married women at their
own houses. He died in May, 1779.
PETER HOOKE, A.M., was of Catherine hall, Cam-
bridge, and proceeded A.B. 1753 ; A.M. 1756. He
was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 23rd May, 1769. He settled at Norwich,
was appointed physician to the Norfolk and Norwich
hospital on its establishment in 1772, and dying at his
house in that city in September 1804, was buried the 3rd
October at St. Stephen's church.
JOHN BOSTOCK, M.D., was educated at Edinburgh,
under Dr. Cullen, whose esteem and affection he soon
succeeded in obtaining. His assiduity in the study of
practical medicine in the wards of the Royal infirmary
attracted the marked notice of Dr. Cullen, and called
forth from him the following handsome encomium on
the occasion of Dr. Bostock's graduation : " Quantum
in studio practice operam posuit, norunt condiscipuli
ejus omnes qui viderunt quot et quantos labores in No-
socomio exantlaverit, dum collegse amicissimo et mihi
assiduus comes et adjutor egregius, ipse praxin medicam
penitus ediscere voluit, nee ex dictatis nostris, sed noctu
diuque ad lectos segrotantium assidens a natura ipsa
quip! faciat aut ferat noscere voluit." He graduated
doctor of medicine at Edinburgh in 1769 (D.M.I, de
Arthritide), and was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of
the College of Physicians of London 13th March, 1770.
Dr. Bostock settled at Liverpool in that year, and was
at once appointed physician to the Royal infirmary
there. Dr. Cullen predicted that his talents would se-
cure for him a brilliant future, but the hopes of his
friends were doomed to be disappointed. " He had
scarcely settled in Liverpool, married advantageously,
and become possessed of a son",* than he sank beneath
an incurable disease, himself predicting the fatal termi-
* The future John Bostock, M.D., V.P.R.S., the physiologist.
1770] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 287
nation, calmly resigning the sweetest blandishments of
life, and in his last moments emulating the exit of a
Socrates or a Seneca."* Dr. Bostock died 10th March,
1774, at the age of thirty.
JAMES MADDOCKS, M.D., was born in Herefordshire,
and studied his profession at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine in 1762 (D.M.I, de Lava-
tione Frigida). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 9th April, 1770 ; was elected
physician to the London hospital 19th September, 1770 ;
and died in October, 1786. His portrait, painted by
Caldwell, was engraved by Trotter.
GEORGE HICKS, M.D. A native of Kent, educated
at Edinburgh, where he took the degree of doctor of
medicine 13th June, 1768 (D.M.I, de Enteritide) ; was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 9th
April, 1770. He held the appointment of physician to
the Westminster hospital from 1775 to his death, which
occurred at Rochester in December, 1792.
JOHN COAKLEY LETTSOM, M.D., was born in the
small island of Little Vandyke, near Tortola, in Decem-
ber, 1744, and when only six years of age was sent to
England for his education. Fortuitous circumstances
threw him on landing in the way of Mr. Fothergill, a
well-known preacher among the Society of Friends, and
brother to the celebrated London physician. By his
advice young Lettsom was sent to a school near War-
rington, where Mr. Fothergill resided, then kept by
Mr. Thompson, where he remained for several years.
Selecting medicine as his profession, he was placed by
Mr. Fothergill, who, in consequence of the death of
Lettsom's father, had become his guardian, with Mr.
Sutcliff, of Settle, in Yorkshire. On the termination of
his apprenticeship Lettsom came to London, where he
* Thomson's Life, Lectures, and Writings of William Cullen,
M.D., vol. i, p. 645, et seq.
288 ROLL OF THE [1770
remained two years attending medical lectures and the
practice of St. Thomas's hospital. He then returned to
Vandyke to take possession of a property which de-
volved upon him by the death of his father and elder
brother, the latter of whom, having contrived to run
through an ample fortune in a few years, left but little
of the estate, except a number of slaves, to be inherited
by his successor. Lettsom's first act on landing was to
emancipate the whole of his slaves, a noble piece of
conduct, which, while it did honour to his heart, left
him worse than penniless, and with nothing to depend
upon but his profession. He settled at Tortola, com-
menced practice, and became so extensively employed,
that in a short space of time he accumulated sufficient
means to return to England, and by further study
qualify himself for the office of physician. He visited
Edinburgh, and attended the lectures of Dr. Cullen, of
whose views on the causes, nature, and treatment of
fever, he very freely availed himself in his earliest pub-
lication, "Reflections on the General Treatment and
Cure of Fevers," and, as he made no reference to the
source from which he derived them, in a way to create
an unfavourable idea of his candour. From Edinburgh
he went to Paris and Leyden, and at the last-named
university proceeded doctor of medicine 29th June,
1769. He then settled in London, with the undevia-
ting friendship and good wishes of his guardian, Mr.
Fothergill, and, through his efforts, with the warm
patronage of Dr. Fothergill, then in very full business
in the city. Dr. Lettsom was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 25th June, 1770, a fellow of
the Society of Antiquaries the same year, and a fellow
of the Royal Society in 1773.
The recommendation of Dr. Fothergil], who about
this time withdrew from the city to Harpur-street, Red
Lion-square, soon introduced Dr. Lettsom into practice ;
his interests were warmly cared for by the Society of
Friends, his co-religionists ; and his marriage shortly
after, with a lady of good means, placed him in a posi-
1770] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 289
tion to command success. For many years he enjoyed
the largest medical business in the city. Of his real
merits as a practitioner we know but little, but of his
character as a philanthropist it is impossible to speak
too highly. The name of Lettsom was to be found asso-
ciated with every project for the public good ; he was
on terms of friendship with most of the distinguished
characters of his day ; and from all parts of the king-
dom, from the colonies, and America, he received the
most flattering proofs of the estimation he had excited.
His life has been written by Mr. Pettigrew, and to it
I may refer for ample details of his career. The doctor
died at his house in Sambrook-court, Basin ghall-street,
on the 1st November, 1815, and was buried in the
Friends' burial-ground, Little Coleman-street, Bunhill-
row.
Dr. Lettsom was a fellow "of the College of Physi-
cians of Edinburgh, and of the Royal Society of that
city ; fellow of the Linnsean Society, and of the Medical
Society of London ; physician extraordinary to the City
of London Lying-in hospital, and to the General dis-
pensary, Aldersgate-street ; honorary member of the
Literary and Philosophical societies of Manchester and
Philadelphia ; of the Agricultural society of Bath, and
of the Academy of Sciences of Montpellier. His por-
trait was painted and engraved by W. Skelton.
Dr. Lettsom's writings are very numerous, but I can
find space only to enumerate those which have a direct
bearing on his profession.
Reflections on the General Treatment and Cure of Fevers. 8vo.
Lond. 1772.
The Natural History of the Tea Tree, with Observations on the
Medical Qualities of Tea, and the Effects of Tea-drinking. 4to.
Lond. 1772.
This was a translation, with much new matter, of his
inaugural essay at Ley den, " De Viribus These."
Observations on the Plan proposed for Establishing a Dispensary
and Medical Society, with Formulae Medicamentorum, Pauperibus
preecipue accommodatae. 8vo. Lond. 1772.
VOL. II. U
290 ROLL OF THE [1770
Medical Memoirs of the General Dispensary in London. 8vo.
Lond. 1774.
Improvement of Medicine in London on the basis of Public
Good. 8vo. Lond. 1775.
Observations preparatory to the use of Dr. Mayersbach's Medi-
cines. 8vo. Lond. 1776.
History of the Origin of Medicine. 4to. Lond. 1778.
A Letter upon General Inoculation. 4to. Lond. 1779.
Observations on Human Dissections. 8vo. Lond. 1788.
The Life and Works of John Fothergill, M.D. 3 vols. 8vo. Lond.
1784,
GILBERT THOMPSON, M.D., was born in Lancashire,
and for many years kept a well-frequented school in the
neighbourhood of Lancaster, on retiring from which he
went to Edinburgh, applied himself to the study of me-
dicine, and proceeded M.D. 8th June, 1753 (D.M.I, de
Exercitatione). He then came to London, but meeting
with little encouragement as a practitioner, he for a
time attended a boarding-school at Tottenham, in the
capacity of writing master, and subsequently became a
dispensing assistant to Mr. Be van, the druggist. About
the year 1765 his uncle, Gilbert Thompson, of Penketh,
died and left him four thousand pounds. He then com-
menced practice as a physician in the city, and event-
ually attained to a fair proportion of business. He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1770 ; and died at his house in Salter's-court,
Cannon-street, 1st January, 1803, aged seventy-four.
Dr. Thompson was a Quaker, and is represented as a
man of great integrity, of mild and unassuming man-
ners, and possessed of considerable learning and pro-
fessional skill. He was the intimate friend of Dr.
Fothergill, and the author of a biographical memoir of
that physician. Dr. Thompson published shortly before
his death, " Select Translations from Homer and Horace,
with Original Poems." 8vo. Lond. 1802.
WILLIAM GROSVENOR, of Bewdley, Worcestershire,
was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College 8th
August, 1770.
1771} ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 291
The Annals are wanting from 7th July, 1771, to 25th
June, 1781 ; but for this interval the book of sub-
scriptions, the treasurer's books, and the annual lists of
the College supply the necessary information.
ISAAC HENRIQUE SEQUIRA, M.D., was born at Lis-
bon, of an Esculapian family his grandfather, father,
and two uncles having been all physicians. He was in-
structed in general literature and philosophy by the
Fathers of the Oratory, a body of learned men then
highly popular in Portugal. Having chosen medicine
as his profession, he was sent to the university of Bor-
deaux in France, where he remained for two years. He
then removed to Leyden ; and having completed the
three years' residence which the statutes of that uni-
versity required, he proceeded doctor of medicine 31st
August, 1758 (D.M.I, de Polypo Cordis). Eventually
he settled in London ; was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 25th March, 1771 ; and was in-
troduced into practice by his uncle, Dr. De la Cour,
who soon after withdrew to Bath. Dr. Sequira attained
to great reputation among his countrymen resident in
England. He held the honorary appointment of phy-
sician extraordinary to the prince regent of Portugal ;
and was physician to the Portuguese embassy at the
court of St. James. He lived to old age ; and at the
time of his death, which occurred in Mark -lane in No-
vember, 1816, aged seventy-eight, was the oldest Licen-
tiate of the College.
SIR RICHARD JEBB, M.D., was born at Stratford,
Essex, and baptized there 30th October, 1729. He was
the son of Samuel Jebb, M.D., of that place, a Licen-
tiate of the College, who has been mentioned in a former
page. He was matriculated at Oxford as of St. Mary's
hall 8th April, 1747, but did not take a degree there.
He is said, but, I believe incorrectly, to have graduated
at Leyden. He was a doctor of medicine of Marischal
college, Aberdeen, of 23rd September, 1751, and was
u 2
292 ROLL OF THE [1771
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 24th
March, 1755. He was chosen physician to the West-
minster hospital in 1754 ; and on the llth December,
1760, was appointed to do duty as physician to St.
George's hospital, in place of Dr. Donald Monro, then
ordered abroad on his majesty's service ; and at the
vacancy which occurred shortly afterwards in the medi-
cal staff of the hospital by the resignation of Dr. Batt,
he was (7th May, 1762) definitively elected one of the
physicians, when he resigned his office at the West-
minster hospital. His private engagements increasing,
he was obliged to resign the appointment in 1768. Sir
Richard Jebb was admitted a Fellow of the College of
Physicians, speciali gratia, 30th September, 1771. He
was Censor in 1772, 1776, 1781 ; and delivered the
Harveian oration in 1774. He was a fellow of the
Royal and Antiquarian societies, physician extra-
ordinary to George the Third, and physician in ordinary
to the prince of Wales. When Enfield chase was dis-
forested, Sir Richard Jebb purchased about two hundred
acres, which he converted into a park, and built thereon
a convenient residence, to which he gave the name of
Trent-place, in commemoration of his successful treat-
ment of the duke of Gloucester, when seriously ill at
Trent some years previously. At the death of Sir
Richard, the property was purchased by the earl of
Cholmondeley. Sir Richard died unmarried at his house
in Great George-street, Westminster, 4th July, 1787,
and was buried in the west cloister of Westminster
abbey. A monument to his memory in Westminster
abbey bears the following inscription :
RICHAKDI JEBB, equitis aurati,
Societ. Reg. Socii,
serenissimo Regi Georgio III,
necnon Georgio Walliae principi,
medici primarii,
in memoriam posuit R. J.
Obiit 4to die Julii, A.D. 1787, eetatis 58.
Sir Richard Jebb's eccentricities are matters of tradi-
1771] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 293
tion in our profession, and many extraordinary anec-
dotes are related of him. His character was probably
misunderstood. Dr. Lettsom, who knew him well,
writes thus : "I loved that man with all his eccen-
tricity. He had the bluntness, but not the rudeness,
of Radcliffe. He had the medical perception, but not
the perseverance and temporizing politeness, of Warren.
In every respect, but fortune, superior to Turton ; or to
Baker, but in classical learning ; and yet he was the
unhappy slave of unhappy passions. His own sister is,
and has long been, in a madhouse ; the same fate at-
tends his cousin, and a little adversity would have
placed poor Sir Richard there also. There was an im-
petuosity in his manner, a wildness in his look, and
sometimes a strange confusion in his head, which often
made me tremble for his sensorium. He had a noble,
generous heart, and a pleasing frankness among his
friends ; communicative of experience among the faculty,
and earnest for the recovery of his patients, which he
sometimes manifested by the most impetuous solicitude.
Those who did not well know him, he alarmed ; those
who did, saw the unguarded and rude ebullition of
earnestness for success." A good portrait of Sir Richard
Jebb, by Zoffani, is in the College. It was presented
in 1827 by the Rev. Robert Fitzwilliam Hallifax, of
Batchcott, near Ludlow.
DONALD MONRO, M.D., was the son of Alexander
Monro, M.D., the first of that name, professor of ana-
tomy and surgery in the university of Edinburgh. Dr.
Donald Monro was educated at Edinburgh, under the
eye of his father, and there took his degree of doctor of
medicine 8th June, 1753 (D.M.I, de Hydrope). Soon
after this he was appointed physician to the army. He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
liith April, 1756 ; and on the 3rd November, 1758, was
elected physician to St. George's hospital. His military
duties, however, soon called him abroad ; and on the
llth December, 1760, Dr. Richard Jebb was appointed
294 ROLL OF THE [1771
to perform his duties during his absence. On Dr.
Monro's return to London he published " An Account
of the Diseases of the British Military Hospitals in
Germany, from January, 1761, to March, 1863." 8vo.
Lond. 1764. Dr. Monro was a man of varied attain-
ments, of considerable skill in his profession, and was
highly esteemed by his contemporaries. He was ad-
mitted a fellow of the Royal Society 1st May, 1766.
Dr. Monro was admitted a Fellow of the College of
Physicians, speciali gratia, 30th September, 1771 ; was
Censor in 1772, 1781, 1785, 1789; and was named an
Elect 10th July, 1788. He delivered the Croonian lec-
tures in 1774 and 1775 ; and the Harveian oration in
1775. These he published in 1776, in one volume 8vo.
with the title, " Prselectiones Medicse ex Croonii insti-
tute Annis 1774 et 1775 ; et Oratio Anniversaria ex
Harveii institute, die Oct. 18, 1775, habita in Theatre
Coll. Reg. Med. Lond." He resigned his office at St.
George's hospital in 1786. He had long been in ill-
health, and he withdrew himself altogether from pro-
fessional business and in great measure from society.
He died in Argyle-street 9th June, 1792, aged seventy-
five.* In addition to the works already mentioned,
Dr. Monro was the author of
An Essay on Dropsy, and its different Species. 8vo. Lond.
1756.
A Treatise on Mineral Waters. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1770.
Observations on the Means of preserving the Health of Soldiers,
and of conducting Military Hospitals, and on the Diseases incident
to Soldiers. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1780.
A Treatise on Medical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, and the
Materia Medica. 3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1788.
He contributed various articles to the " Essays,
Physical and Literary," and was the author of the
biographical memoir of his father, Dr. Alexander Monro,
* " In ilia cui incubuit medicinae parte gnarus fuit et expertus :
valetudine infirma diu conflictato, nescio sane an ea lugenda esset
mors quae illi fuit serurnnarum requies." Oratio Harveiana auct.
Gulielmo Cadogan, Anno 1792, p. 20.
1771] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 295
prefixed to the quarto edition of that distinguished phy-
sician's collected works, published in 1781.
ISAAC SCHOMBERG, M.D., is now remembered only
for his lengthened contest with the College of Physi-
cians. He was the eldest son of Meyer Low Schom-
berg, M.D., a Licentiate of the College, and received
his early education at Merchant Taylors' school, but his
medical studies were pursued at Leyden, where he took
his degree of doctor of medicine. E/eturning to Eng-
land, he commenced practice in London under the aus-
pices of his father, and in February, 1745-6, was sum-
moned by the Censors' board to present himself for ex-
amination as a Licentiate. This he declined to do ; and
in place of appearing, sent a letter of excuse, which (to
quote the words of the Annals) was judged improbable
and indecent. There can be little doubt that he was
incited to this course by his father, who at that period
was under the heavy displeasure of the College, having
recently been convicted by the Censors of some very
disreputable conduct to a professional brother, for which
he had been fined and censured. My space will not
allow me to give a full account of all the circumstances
which ensued : suffice it to say, that in the early part
of 1747, Dr. Isaac Schomberg was entered at Trinity
college, Cambridge ; and on the 3rd April in that year
he appeared before the Censors to notify the fact, and
at the same time request that he might be permitted to
practise until he should have taken his degree at Cam-
bridge. This, under the circumstances, was, not unna-
turally, refused ; and the College, to whom the matter
had been referred by the Comitia Minora of 25th June,
1747, ordered that he should be formally interdicted
practice " till he shall have given proper satisfaction to
the President and Censors." On the 21st July, 1749,
Dr. Schomberg was created doctor of medicine at Cam-
bridge by royal mandate, and shortly afterwards apply-
ing for leave to be examined, it was resolved by the
College " that the Censors be desired not to examine
29G BOLL OF THE [1771
him until such time as his prohibition from practice be
taken off, upon making proper satisfaction to the Pre-
sident and Censors." On the 1st December, 1749, he
came before the Censors' board and proffered an expla-
nation of his former conduct, with an apology, which, al-
though deemed sufficient by some of the board, was not
so regarded by all. He again attended on the 2nd
February, 1749-50, and on this occasion demanded his
examination for admission into the order of Candidates
as a right derived from his Cambridge degree. The
examinations were allowed the Censors, however, re-
serving their opinion as to the right and he was found
fully competent for practice. At the Comitia Majora
next ensuing, the College negatived his admission as a
Candidate by a very large majority. The interdict on
his practice still continued. He made repeated appli-
cations for admission as a Candidate, but was as fre-
quently refused ; he was told, however, that if he re-
quired a licence to practise, he was at liberty to apply
to the College for that purpose. This he declined to
do ; whereupon he preferred his appeal to the Visitors
appointed under the charter of Charles II, which they
at first entertained, but afterwards dismissed, on the
ground that they had in reality no jurisdiction. The
doctor, thus foiled in his endeavours to enforce admis-
sion as a right, then expressed himself ready to solicit
it as a favour, on the terms which the College had pre-
viously offered ; but they, having incurred the expense
of a protracted litigation, now refused to concede it.
On the 23rd December, 1765, he was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College. It was not until after the lapse of
many years that the feeling engendered by these occur-
rences was removed. In the meantime, the elder
Schomberg had died ; many of the fellows who had
been most concerned had also departed ; and Dr. Isaac
Schomberg's conduct had, it would seem, been correct
and conciliatory; and with the view, doubtless, of mark-
ing their approval, the College eventually determined
to admit him to the much-coveted Fellowship. He was
1773] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 297
admitted a Fellow 30th September, 1771 ; was Censor
in 1773 and 1778 ; and died at his house, in Conduit-
street, on the 4th May, 1780. His portrait, by Hudson,
was engraved by Sherlock.
JAMES GREIVE, M.D., was educated at Edinburgh,
where he took the degree of doctor of medicine 31st
April, 1752 (D.M.I, de Calculo Vesicae). He was admit-
ted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th Sep-
tember, 1762. Dr. Greive was physician to St. Thomas's
hospital, and to the Charterhouse ; to the former he
was elected in 1764, to the latter in 1765. He was
admitted a fellow of the Royal Society 2nd March, 1769,
and a Fellow of the College of Physicians, special i
gratia, 30th September, 1771, but did not long survive ;
and died at his official residence in Charterhouse-square,
9th July, 1773. Dr. Lettsom, who knew Dr. Greive
well, and as a pupil attended his practice at St. Thomas's
hospital, describes him as an amiable man and unassu-
ming scholar. He is still remembered as the translator
O
of " Celsus, with Notes critical and explanatory." 8vo.
Lond. 1756.
JONATHAN BINNS, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Edinburgh, of 12th September, 1772 (D.M.I. de Exer-
citation e) ; was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 21st October, 1772. He practised
at Liverpool, but after a time withdrew from the exer-
cise of his profession, and superintended a school be-
longing to the society of Friends (of which body he was
himself a member) in Yorkshire. He subsequently re-
moved to Lancaster, where he resumed practice as a
physician, and died in the early part of 1812.*
EDWARD WALLIS, M.D., was admitted an Extra-Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 14th July, 1773.
He practised at York, where he was held in high esti-
mation. He filled the office of sheriff of York in 1758,
* Liverpool Medico-Chirurgical Journal, vol. i, p. 151.
298 BOLL OF THE [1774
was elected an alderman of that city 29th August, 1770,
and was lord mayor of York in 1771. He died in that
city 13th October, 1782, aged seventy-three. He was
the author of " Remarks on Henry's Magnesia." 8vo.
1777.
EDWARD WHITAKEU GRAY, M.D., a well-known phi-
losopher and naturalist, was born in 1748. He was
librarian of the College of Physicians ; and while yet
holding that office was admitted an Extra-Licentiate,
namely, on the 6th August, 1773. He was subsequently
appointed keeper of the departments of natural history
and antiquities of the British Museum. Dr. Gray was
a fellow of the Royal Society, and was appointed secre-
tary to that learned body on St. Andrew's day, 1797.
He died in 1807, aged fifty-nine. His portrait, by
Callcott, is at the Royal Society.
NATHANIEL HULME, M.D., was born in Yorkshire in
1732, and educated at Edinburgh, where he took the
degree of doctor of medicine in 1765 (D.M.I. de Scor-
buto). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 28th March, 1774, and in the same month
was appointed physician to the Charterhouse. He was
also physician to the London Lying-in hospital. Dr.
Hulme was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society 10th
July, 1794. He fell from the top of his staircase to the
basement, and surviving the accident a few days only,
died on the 28th March, 1807, aged seventy-five. Con-
ceiving that the church is adapted for the living and
the churchyard for the dead, he was interred at his own
request in the pensioners' burial-ground of the Charter-
house, where a gravestone presents the following in-
scription :
Here lie the remains of
NATHANIEL HULME, M.D.,
who was born on the 17th June, 1732,
and died on the 28th March, 1807.
He was elected physician to the Charterhouse
on the 17th of March, 1774,
1774] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 299
and continued so to the time of his death.
He practised medicine during a long course of years
with advantage to his patients, and with honour to himself.
Dr. Hulme's portrait, by Medley, was engraved by
Bran white. He was the author of
Libellus de Natura, Causa, Curationeque Scorbuti : with a Pro-
posal for preventing the Scurvy in the British Navy. 8vo. Lond.
1768.
A Treatise on the Puerperal Fever. 8vo. Lond. 1772.
Oratio de Re Medica Cognoscenda et Promovenda, habita apud
Societatem Medicam Londinensem die xviii. Jan. 1777. Cui accessit
Via tuta et jucunda Calculum solvendi in Vesica Urinaria inhseren-
tem, ab Historia Calculosi Hominis confirmata. 8vo. Lond. 1777.
A Safe and Efficacious Remedy, proposed for the Relief of the
Stone and Gravel, the Scurvy, Gout, &c., and for the Destruction
of Worms in the Human Body. 4to. Lond. 1778.
RICHARD WILLIAM STACK, M.D., was born at Cork,
and educated at Leyden, where he proceeded doctor of
medicine 12th July, 1764 (D.M.I, de Ventriculi Imbe-
cillitate. Accedunt Observationes practices de usu
Balnei Tepidi in Variolis). He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 28th March, 1774,
and practised for some years in London ; bub then re-
moved to Bath, where he died 24th October, 1787. He
published a small treatise, entitled " Medical Cases,
with Remarks." 8vo. Bath. 1784.
JAMES WELSH, M.D. A native of Dumfries, was
entered on the physic line at Leyden 10th October,
1748, aged twenty-five, and graduated doctor of medi-
cine there the same year (D.M.I, de Generatione). He
was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society 4th March,
1773, and a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1774.
HENRY REVELL REYNOLDS, M.D., was a posthumous
child, and was born in Nottinghamshire on the 26th
September, 1745, a few weeks only after the death of
his father. Committed to the charge of his maternal
great uncle and godfather, Mr. Henry Revell, of Gains-
300 ROLL OF THE [1774
borough, he was sent hy him at an early age to the
grammar school of Beverley, then in high repute, under
the government of Mr. Ward. At eighteen years of
age, Mr. Reynolds was entered as a commoner of Lin-
coln college, Oxford ; but before he could take a degree
he had the misfortune to lose his godfather and bene-
factor, who left him a small estate in Lincolnshire, suf-
ficient to meet the expenses of his education. With the
view of shortening his curriculum he moved to Trinity
college, Cambridge, and kept one term, when he re-
paired to Edinburgh, where he spent two winter ses-
sions, and on the 5th December, 1767, was admitted a
member of the Medical Society of that city. Returning
to Cambridge, he proceeded bachelor of medicine in
1768, immediately after which he came to London, and
entered himself as a physician's pupil at the Middlesex
hospital. In 1769 he settled at Guildford and married ;
but was soon induced, by the advice of Dr. Huck Saun-
ders, to remove to London. This he did in the summer
of 1772. The following year he proceeded doctor of
medicine at Cambridge, and was admitted a Candidate
of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1773 ; and
a Fellow, 30th September, 1774. Dr. Reynolds was
elected physician to the Middlesex hospital 13th July,
1773, and held that office for four years, resigning it in
1777, when he had been elected to succeed his friend,
Dr. Huck Saunders, as physician to St. Thomas's hos-
pital. Dr. Reynolds was Censor in 1774, 1778, 1782,
1784, 1787, 1792; Registrar, 1781, 1782, 1783; and
Elect in December, 1791. He delivered the Gulstonian
lectures of 1775 and theHarveian oration for 1776, but
declined to print it.
Dr. Reynolds's progress as a physician was rapid. In
1783 his engagements had become so numerous that he
was compelled to resign his office at St. Thomas's hos-
pital. In 1788 he was called into attendance on George
the Third, and so highly were his services regarded,
that in every subsequent illness of that monarch his
assistance was required. He received the appointment
1774] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 301
of physician extraordinary to the king in 1797, and
that of physician in ordinary in the year 1806. Dr.
Reynolds's death was in great measure owing to his
attendance on his sovereign. When called into at-
tendance at Windsor, in the early part of 1811, he was
suffering from rheumatism, which was aggravated by
the bodily exertion and mental anxiety inseparable
from his position. The first day on which he seriously
felt the fatigues of body and mind, was after an ex-
amination before the House of Lords. The etiquette
of the Upper House not allowing a witness to sit
down, Dr. Reynolds, who, in consequence of having
attended his Majesty in all his previous similar illnesses,
was examined at greater length than any of his medical
brethren, was kept standing for two hours. The whole
of the next day he was compelled to keep his bed, but
on the following he returned to Windsor. From this
time his appetite began to fail, and his strength and
flesh visibly to diminish. In the month of March these
symptoms had so much increased that his friends be-
sought him to retire from his attendance on the king
to spare his body and mind, and devote himself en-
tirely to the re-establishment of his own health. Despite
these solicitations he determined to remain at his post,
and did so till the 4th of May, when he returned to
London extremely ill. After a confinement to his room
of nearly three weeks he was prevailed upon by Dr.
John Latham and Dr. Ainslie to go to Brighton. He
remained there about two months, and at times during
this period seemed to rally, but the improvement was
not sustained. At the end of July he returned to his
house in Bedford-square, never again to leave it alive.
He died the 22nd October, 1811, aged sixty-six, and
was buried in the cemetery behind St. James's church,
in the Hampstead-road.
Dr. Reynolds's private character was worthy of all
praise, and probably few members of our profession
have been more extensively, none certainly more sin-
cerely lamented. His intellectual attainments and pro-
302 ROLL OF THE fl775
fessional qualifications were, too, of the highest order.
" In the investigation of diseases he was acute yet
cautious ; in the application of remedies, fertile in re-
source, yet not rash in experiment; decided though
gentle ; gaining entire ascendancy over the minds of
his patients by the rare fascination of his manners, and
the confidence with which he inspired them in his skill,
and in his zeal to relieve them. Among his peculiar
excellencies may be mentioned, perhaps, an unequalled
felicity of combination in his prescriptions : there was
something introduced for every symptom or even incon-
venience, yet the whole harmonized and had immediate
reference to the principal complaint." Dr. Reynolds's
portrait, by Abbot, was engraved by V. Green in 1798.
HENRY KROHN, M.D., was born at Hamburgh, and
received his medical education at Utrecht, where he
proceeded doctor of medicine 20th October, 1762
(D.M.I, de Usu Opii in Puerperis). He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1774, and was physician-accoucheur to the Mid-
dlesex hospital, an office which he held for nearly thirty
years, resigning it the 6th February, 1798, about which
time he left London and retired to St. Neot's, Hunting-
donshire. He died in May, 1816, aged eighty, and was
buried on the 18th of that month in the churchyard of
Eynesbury. He published " Foetus extra Uterum His-
toria." Fol. Lond. 1791.
JAMES CHESTON, of Abingdon, Berks, was admitted
an Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physicians 14th
December, 1774.
KICHAUD WRIGHT, M.D., was born in Derbyshire and
educated at Emmanuel college, Cambridge, of which
house he was a fellow. He proceeded A.B. 1762, A.M.
1765, M.D. 1773; was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 28th March, 1774, and a Fellow
10th April, 1775. He was Censor in 1775, 1779, 1783.
1775] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 303
Dr. Wright was a fellow of the Royal Society, and phy-
sician to St. George's hospital from 6th January, 1769
to 1785. He died at Knightsbridge of a " deep decline,"
14th October, 1786. His select and curious library,
" the strength of which lay chiefly in publications rela-
ting to the drama and romances," was sold by T. and J.
Egerton, 23rd April, 1787.
MICHAEL TEIGHE, M.D., an Irishman, and a doctor
of medicine of Rheims, was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 10th April, 1775. He was ad-
mitted a fellow of the Royal Society 17th March, 1774,
and died 30th August, 1784.
JOHN KOOYSTRA, M.D. A native of Holland, and a
doctor of medicine of Groningen, of 1770 (D.M.I, de
Dysenteria,), was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 10th April, 1775. He died at his residence
in Union-court, Broad-street, City, 19th January, 1781,
aged thirty-three years.
JOHN PARSONS, M.D., was born in Yorkshire in 1742,
and educated at Westminster school, of which he was
admitted a king's scholar in 1756. Elected thence in
1759 to Christ church, Oxford, he proceeded A.B. 27th
April, 1763, and A.M. 6th June, 1766. Selecting medi-
cine as his profession, he pursued the study of it, not
only at Oxford, but also in London and Edinburgh. In
the last-named city he evinced a particular predilection
for natural history and botany, and obtained the prize
medal given by Dr. Hope for the best hortus siccus.
His reputation and influence at Oxford must have been
considerable, for in 1766, before he had taken a degree
in medicine, he was nominated to the then newly-esta-
blished office of Lee's reader in anatomy at Christ
church. He proceeded M.B. 12th April, 1769 ; M.D.
22nd June, 1772. Dr. Parsons was elected reader of
anatomy in the university in 1769, physician to the
Radcliffe infirmary 6th May, 1772, and clinical professor,
304 ROLL OF THE [1775
on lord Lichfield's foundation, 1780. He was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1774, a Fellow 30th September, 1775, and he de-
livered the Harveian oration in 1784. Dying of fever
the 9th April, 1785, aged forty- three, he was buried in
Oxford cathedral.*
Sm LUCAS PEPYS, BART., M.D., was a younger son
of William Pepys, esq., of London, banker, and of Ridley
hall, Cheshire, by Hannah, daughter of Richard Russell,
M.D., of Brighton, and widow of Alexander Weller,
esq. He was born in London, 26th May, 1742, and
educated at Eton, whence he removed to Christ church,
Oxford, and as a member of that house graduated A.B.
9th May, 1764, when, applying himself to medicine, he
proceeded to Edinburgh, and on the 22nd February,
1765, was admitted a member of the Medical Society of
that city. Returning to Oxford, he graduated A.M.
13th May, 1767, M.B. 30th April, 1770, and M.D. 14th
June, 1774. Shortly after taking his second degree in
arts, he obtained a licence ad practicandum from the
university, and settling in London, was on the 10th
February, 1769, elected physician to the Middlesex hos-
pital. He was, as we have seen, a grandson ex parte
* " In numero antem horum piaculum esset non commorasse unum
(cujus quis desiderio sit pudor aut modus), qui professorium nmnus
quod artem anatomicam, chymicam et clinicam, snrnma dignitate
implevit, Parson ; cui nimia forsan in visendis et curandis segro-
tantibus assiduitas offieiosaque sedulitas adduxit febrem, nulla
omnino arte medendi superabilem. Omnibus quidem ille flebilis
occidit, quibus inter prima ducuntur cura, anirui cogitatio vigilantia
cum summa virtute conjuncta. Occidit etiam, nos probe moniturus
ne, inter prasentis horae gaudia, Lethaeo quasi rore madentes quam
breves humanas spes quam caduci honores obliviscamur. Meministis
omnes qua dulcedine, quali eloquio capti eum superioris anni orato-
rem his e rostris disserentem audivistis. Meminerunt Oxonienses
et in eeternum meminerint quali diligentia saluti invigilaret pub-
lics. In Tyronum animis infixa manent praacepta quibus paucis !
paucissimis ! abhinc mensibus corporis humani compagem dilucide
explicavit, quam scienter, veterum thesauris e propiis scriniis nova
quamplurima adjecerit." Oratio ex Harvaei instituto auctore Jac.
Hervey, 1785.
1775] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 305
materna of Dr. Kussell, of Brighton, the author of a
well-known work on the use of sea water in glandular
diseases ; and on commencing practice, was in the habit
of residing during the summer months at Brighton.
This he did for many years, and on the death of Dr.
Relhan, in 1776, had the whole of the medical business
there without any competitor. Dr. Pepys was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1774, a Fellow 30th September, 1775 ; he was
Censor in 1777, 1782, 1786, 1796 ; Treasurer from 1788
to 1798 inclusive; Elect 21st March, 1797 ; and Pre-
sident from 1804 to 1810. He was appointed physi-
cian extraordinary to the king in 1777 ; was created
a baronet 22nd January, 1784 ; and was called into
attendance on George the Third in his severe illness of
1788 and 1789. As an acknowledgment of his services
on this occasion, Sir Lucas Pepys was appointed in
1792 physician in ordinary to the king, and on the
death of Sir Clifton Wintringham, in 1794, physician-
general to the army. This appointment gave him
much patronage and authority. An army medical board
was appointed in 1794, consisting of the physician -
general to the army, the surgeon-general, and the in-
spector-general, the president of which was the physi-
cian-general, Sir Lucas Pepys. In this capacity he had
the appointment of all the physicians in the army, as
had the surgeon-general of all the surgeons. Sir Lucas
made his appointments, we are told by Sir James
M'Grigor, from the ranks of civil life, without regard
to previous service in the army, and proceeding on the
principle that the army physician should possess the
most extensive acquirements and the most complete
education, he made it a rule that all candidates for ap-
pointment should be fellows or licentiates of the Col-
lege of Physicians of London, of which body he was
himself, during many of the years he was at the head
of the army board, the President. This army medical
board, with Sir Lucas Pepys at its head, directed the
whole medical affairs of the army for above fifteen years,
VOL. II. X
30G ROLL OF THE [1775
when it was found expedient by Government to super-
sede it and establish a new board, consisting of medical
officers of long service in the army, of practical expe-
rience, and who had served abroad and in various
climates. This change was necessitated by the over-
whelming sickness and mortality of the troops at Wal-
cheren, to investigate and report on which to Govern-
ment, the physician-general, Sir Lucas Pepys, was
ordered to proceed thither. But he in an evil hour
declined, assigning as his reason that he was not ac-
quainted with the diseases of soldiers in camp or in
quarters. Unfortunately neither of the other two
members of the Board volunteered their services. The
army medical board on retiring, as they had to do
shortly after this episode, received from Government
handsome remuneration for their past services, each of
its members being assigned a liberal pension for life.
Sir Lucas Pepys took an active part in establish-
ing the National Vaccine institution, which was formed
during his presidency, and its direction vested, mainly
through his influence, in the College of Physicians and
the College of Surgeons. The Pharmacopoeia Londi-
nensis of 1809 appeared during Sir Lucas Pepys' pre-
sidency, and the preface to it is from his pen.
Sir Lucas Pepys was a person of great firmness and
determination, somewhat dictatorial in his bearing, and
formed to command. He lived singularly free from
suffering or disease, survived to a ripe old age, and
died at his house in Park-street, Grosvenor-square,
17th June, 1830, aged eighty-eight. He was twice
married first, on the 30th October, 1772, to the right
honorable Jane Elizabeth, countess of Rothes, a peeress
of Scotland in her own right, by whom he had two
sons and one daughter ; and secondly, on the 29th June,
1813, to Deborah, daughter of Anthony Askew, M.D.,
who survived him. His portrait by Edridge was en-
graved by J. Godby.
JOHN BUKGES, M.D., was born in London in 1745,
1775] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 307
and was educated at Westminster. He was entered
at Christ church, Oxford ; and, as a member of that
house, proceeded A.B. 27th October, 1764 ; A.M. 25th
June, 1767 ; M.B. 30th April, 1770; M.D. 14th June,
1774. He was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1774 ; and a Fellow 30th
September, 1775 ; was Censor in 1776, 1780, 1785,
1790, 1794, 1797; and was named an Elect, 26th
June, 1797, in place of Dr. Richard Warren, deceased.
Dr. Burges was elected physician to St. George's hos-
pital, 8th April, 1774, and resigned that office 23rd
February, 1787, when he was succeeded by Dr. Mat-
thew Baillie. He died at his house in Mortimer-
street, Cavendish-square, 2nd April, 1807.
" Dr. Burges was a man of strict principle, acknow-
ledged erudition, and classical attainments, and devoted
to his profession ; but, as his health did not allow him
to enter into general practice, he lived very quietly
with his two maiden sisters upon his patrimonial pro-
perty. He had made the study, and his collection, of
the materia medica, his occupation and amusement,
and his zealous perseverance in this pursuit was con-
tinued as long as his health permitted. Taking ad-
vantage of opportunities fortunately afforded by the
assistance of a near relative, Sir James Bland Burges,
for some time under-secretary of state in the Foreign
Office, his collection thus became remarkable for its
extent and authenticity ; and he frequently gave gra-
tuitous lectures upon particular subjects, sometimes
public, more frequently private, and always had plea-
sure in imparting information to others."""" The nature
and extent of Dr. Burges' collection had become so
well known that various applications were made to him
respecting its disposal. Particular feelings which he
had upon the subject of its possession and care induced
him to leave it by will to Mr. E. A. Brande, a former
pupil of his, and a son of one of his oldest friends, by
* See a MS. Memoir of Dr. Burges, by E. A. Brande, csq., iu
the College Library.
X 2
308 ROLL OF THE [1770
whom it was presented in 1809 to the College of Phy-
sicians, upon the sole condition that they would engage
to take all necessary steps for its preservation, and for
its being made of use to the public. This trust the
College have faithfully fulfilled. By the purchase of
Dr. Combe's collection, and by subsequent donations,
among which must be mentioned one of Cinchona barks,
by Mr. Howard of Stratford, the original cabinet of
Dr. Burges has been considerably extended, and ren-
dered one of the most complete, as it is, probably, the
most curious now existing in the United Kingdom.
JOHN RAWLINSON, M.D., was born in London and
on the 19th February, 1760, was admitted a pensioner
of Queen's college, Cambridge, as a member of which
he proceeded M.B. 1767, M.D. 1774. He was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1774 ; a Fellow, 30th September, 1775 ; and was
Censor in 1778. Dr. Rawlinson was elected physician
to St. Thomas's hospital in 1773, and resigned his office
there in 1780. He left London in 1783, and retired to
Coombe in Hampshire.
ROBERT ROBERTSON, M.D., a native of Scotland, and
a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 1765 (D.M.I, de
Scorbuto), was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1775.
ANDREW DOUGLAS, M.D., was born in Teviotdale,
and received his medical education at Edinburgh. In
1756 he was appointed a surgeon in the navy, and
served for some years with reputation in that capacity.
He settled afterwards as a surgeon at Deal, but left it
and returned to Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor
of medicine in 1775 (D.M.I, de Variolae Insitione). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1776 ; and then, settling in London,
devoted himself to the practice of midwifery, and was
for several years physician to the Charity for Delivering
1777] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 309
Poor Married Women at their own Houses. Having ac-
quired a considerable fortune by marriage, Dr. Douglas
relinquished practice, and in 1792 visited the continent.
There he was detained, and it was not until 1796 that
he obtained permission from the Directory to return
home. In 1800 he removed to Ednam-house, Kelso,
which he had recently purchased, and was on his way
thence to London when he was taken seriously ill at
Buxton, and died there 10th June, 1806, aged seventy.
He was the author of
Observations on an Extraordinary Case of Ruptured Uterus. 8vo.
Lond. 1785.
Observations on the Rupture of the Gravid Uterus : with the
Sequel of Mrs. Manning's Case. 8vo. Lond. 1789.
SAMUEL DANIEL, M.D., was the son of Mr. John
Daniel, a surgeon in extensive practice at Beaminster,
co. Dorset. He received his medical education at
Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine
12th September, 1776 (D.M.I. de Ictero) ; and was
admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 29th March, 1777. He practised at Crewkerne,
co. Somerset.
JOHN JEBB, M.D., was the eldest son of Dr. John
Jebb, dean of Cashel, and was born in London 16th
February, 1736. He received his preliminary educa-
tion in Ireland, whence he was transferred to Cam-
bridge, and entered at Peterhouse, of which society he
subsequently became a fellow. He proceeded A.B.
1757, A.M. 1760, received orders in the Church of
England, and obtained some Church preferment. He
had early adopted the plan of giving theological lec-
tures at Cambridge, which were attended by numerous
pupils, until his peculiar opinions became generally
known, when (in 1770) a prohibition was published in
the university. How soon he had begun to deviate
from the opinions he held at the time of his ordination
is uncertain, but in a letter dated 21st October, 1775,
310 ROLL OF THE [1777
he says, " I have for seven years past in my lectures
steadily maintained the proper unity of God, and that
He alone should be the object of worship." He adds,
that he warned his hearers that this was not the re-
ceived opinion, but that his own was settled, and ex-
horted them to inquire diligently. He had vacated
his fellowship at Peterhouse by his marriage, on the
29th December, 1764, to Miss Torkington, and in 1775
he came to the resolution of resigning his ecclesiastical
preferments, viz., the rectory of Homersfield, and the
vicarage of Flitton, in Suffolk. By the advice of his
friends he then applied himself to the study of medi-
cine. For this new object he studied indefatigably,
and was created doctor of medicine by the university
of St. Andrew's in the early part of 1777. He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1777, when he settled in Craven-street, Strand,
and commenced practice as a physician. He was ad-
mitted a fellow of the Royal Society 25th February,
1779.
Dr. Jebb was highly esteemed among the violent par-
tisans of unbounded liberty, religious and political, and
was undoubtedly a persoji of learning and talents,
though they were both so much absorbed in controversy
as to leave little among his writings of general or per-
manent use. Amidst the cares of his new profession he
did not withdraw his attention from theological study,
nor from whab he considered as the cause of true liberty.
He was still, as he had been for many years, zealous for
the abolition of subscription, a warm friend to the cause
of America against England, an incessant advocate for
annual parliaments and universal suffrage, a writer in
newspapers, and a speaker at public meetings. So many
eager pursuits seem to have exhausted his constitution,
and he died, apparently of a decline, in March, 1786.
His portrait, by Hoppner, was engraved by J. Young.
Dr. J ebb's learning was varied and extensive. He was
master of many languages, among which were Hebrew
and Arabic, and during his last illness he studied Saxon
1777] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 311
and the Anglo-Saxon laws and antiquities. He had
twice been a candidate for the professorship of Arabic
at Cambridge. He had, too, some knowledge of the
law, which he once thought of making his profession,
even after he had applied himself to medicine. He was
a good mathematician, and was concerned with two
friends in publishing at Cambridge a small quarto volume
entitled " Excerpta qusedam e Newtonii Principiis Phi-
losophic Naturalis, cum Notis Variorum," which was
received as a standard book of instruction at the uni-
versity. Dr. Jebb's only medical publication was " Se-
lect Cases of the Disorders commonly called Paralysis
of the Lower Extremities. 8vo. Lond. 1782." This,
with his other writings, were collected into three volumes
8vo. by Dr. Disney, and published in 1787."""
RICHARD BUDD, M.D., was descended from a family
long settled in Hampshire; but was born, in 1746, at
Newbury, in Berkshire, where his father was a man of
influence as a banker. He was educated at Jesus col-
lege,t Cambridge, as a member of which he proceeded
M.B. 1770, M.D. 1775. He commenced practice at
Newbury, but in 1780 removed to London. Admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1776, and a Fellow, 30th September, 1777; he
was Censor in 1780, 1783, 1786, 1789, 1791, 1798 ;
Gulstonian lecturer andHarveian orator in 1781 ; Trea-
surer from 18th March, 1799, to 4th April, 1814 ; and
Elect, 22nd December, 1797, an office which he resigned
14th July, 1818. Dr. Budd was elected physician to
St. Bartholomew's hospital 23rd June, 1780, and re-
tired from that office in 1801. He was also physician
to Christ's hospital, and in this capacity was the means
of introducing potatoes as a part of the diet of the in-
mates of that school. Dr. Budd had rendered himself
* Nichols' Literary Anecdotes, vol. i, p. 571.
t At Jesus college, Cambridge, is a scholarship, founded in 1630,
by his great great grandfather, Richard Budd, esq., king's auditor
for the counties of Hants, Wilts, and Dorset.
312 ROLL OF THE [1777
independent by marriage with the only child of a
wealthy city merchant of the name of Stubler, and he
was not solicitous of much laborious professional exer-
tion. He died at Battersea-rise on the 2nd September,
1821, aged seventy-five, was buried at Speen, near
Newbury, co. Berks, and is commemorated on the same
gravestone with bis sister who had preceded him to
the grave. Dr. Budd's portrait was painted by Dance,
and engraved by W. Daniels.
SAMUEL MUSGRAVE, M.D. This accomplished scho-
lar was born at Washfield, in the county of Devon, on
the 29th September, 1732; and was educated at the
grammar school of Barnstaple during the mastership of
Mr. Wright. He was entered a scholar of Corpus
Christi college, Oxford, 27th February, 1749 ; and pro-
ceeded A.B. 27th February, 1753 ; A.M. 5th March,
1756. Soon afterwards he was elected one of the Rad-
cliffe travelling fellows, and, in pursuance of the condi-
tions of that appointment, spent several years upon the
continent. He divided his time between Holland and
France. In 1760 he sent to the press " Some Remarks
on Dr. Boerhaave's Theory of the Attrition of the Blood
in the Lungs/' 8vo. Lond. ; and in 1762 published at
Leyden " Exercitationes duee in Euripidem," 8vo. In.
1763 he took the degree of M.D. at Leyden, and printed
as his academical exercise a learned essay in defence of
empirical medicine (" Dissertatio Inauguralis de Medi-
cina Empirica"). He then revisited Paris, and was
elected a corresponding member of the Royal Academy
of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres. The term of his
Radcliffe fellowship having expired, Dr. Musgrave re-
turned to England, and settled at Exeter ; and on the
24th July, 1766, was elected physician to the Devon
and Exeter hospital. His success in Exeter not proving
commensurate with his expectations, he resigned his
office at the hospital, and in the latter part of 1768 re-
moved to Plymouth.
In the following year (12th August, 1769), Dr. Mus-
1777] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 313
grave astonished the county, and indeed the whole king-
dom, by the publication of " An Address to the Gentle-
men, Clergy, and Freeholders of the County of Devon."
This Address, ostensibly called forth by the circum-
stance that the sheriff of the county had then summoned
a meeting to consider the propriety of petitioning both
Houses of Parliament for the redress of grievances, was
altogether of so extraordinary a nature, and proved so
damaging to the doctor's character, that some account
of its contents becomes necessary in elucidation of Dr.
Musgrave's subsequent career, and of the lamentable
circumstances under which he died. In the Address
Dr. Musgrave tells us that, during his residence at Paris
in 1764, he had received trustworthy information that
an overture had, in that year, been made to certain in-
fluential members of Parliament, in the name of the
chevalier d'Eon, importing that he, the chevalier, was
ready to impeach three persons, two of whom were peers
of the realm and privy councillors, of selling the then
recent peace to the French Government. On Dr. Mus-
grave's return to England in 1765, he obtained an in-
terview with lord Halifax, then Secretary of Sta,te, and
communicated the information he had received, at the
same time urging his lordship to send for the chevalier,
question him, and examine his papers. Lord Halifax,
who the doctor admits was polite though evasive, at
first objected to any public step that might excite alarm,
and naturally asked for confirmatory or documentary
evidence in support of so grave a charge. Dr. Mus-
grave thereupon submitted copies of four letters to and
from lord Hertford, purporting to bear upon the sub-
ject. These were apparently unsatisfactory as evidence ;
and lord Halifax, considering the charge groundless,
peremptorily refused to take any steps whatever in the
affair. Nothing daunted, Dr. Musgrave then applied
to the Speaker of the House of Commons, but with no
better result. Here for a time the matter rested as re-
gards the doctor, who, however, tells us he had been
informed by Mr. Fitzherbert, that, subsequently to his
,'U4 ROLL OF THE [1777
interview with lord Halifax, an overture had been made
to the chevalier d'Eon, the object of which was to get
the papers out of his hands for a stipulated sum of
money.
It is difficult to assign a reason for Dr. Musgrave's
untimely publication. Although he had not succeeded
as a physician in Exeter, where the ground was already
occupied by Dr. Andrew and Dr. Glass, his prospects
at Plymouth were most encouraging, and nothing was
wanting but patience and abstinence from public and
party strife, to place him at the head of the profession
in that town and neighbourhood. All Dr. Masgrave's
hopes of professional success were however blighted by
the publication of the Address. In it he claims credit
for pure patriotism, and a desire to visit with befitting
punishment those who, high in the councils of this
country, had proved traitors to its interests. He ad-
mits he was himself unable to support the charge of
corruption against those he accused ; and his immediate
complaint to the freeholders of Devon was of a different
nature, and against a different person the refusal of
lord Halifax to proceed on his information, he regarded
as a wilful obstruction of national justice, for which he
wished to see his lordship undergo a suitable punish-
ment. The Address led to a host of pamphlets. It was
at once answered by the chevalier d'Eon, who repu-
diated all knowledge of Dr. Musgrave, and emphatically
denied everything that had been advanced concerning
himself; the statements in the Address were also
minutely examined, and discredited in an anonymous
pamphlet ; and finally, after a full hearing in the House
of Commons, the doctor's assertions were voted in the
highest degree frivolous and unworthy of credit.
Devonshire no longer offered Dr. Musgrave a chance
of success, and after a time he determined on trying
his fortune in London. Preparatory thereto, aud as a
necessary preliminary to his admission to the Fellow-
ship of the College of Physicians, he, on the 8th of De-
cember, 1775, took his degree of doctor of medicine at
1777] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 315
Oxford. He fixed himself in Hart-street, Bloomsbury;
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
on 30th September, 1776 ; and a Fellow, 30th Septem-
ber, 1777. He was Gulstonian Lecturer and Censor
in 1779. Dr. Musgrave's life in town was a constant
struggle with difficulties. Though active and energetic,
a good practitioner, and a most accomplished scholar,
he did not succeed as a physician. His sole resource
thenceforward was his pen, which, indeed, was rarely idle.
In 1776 he published a pamphlet, entitled, " Specula-
tions and Conjectures on the Qualities of the Nerves "
in 1777 his relative Dr. William Musgrave's treatise,
" De Arthritide Primigeniil, et Regulari;" in 1779 his
Gulstonian lectures before the College of Physicians,
embracing dyspnoea, pleurisy, periprieumony and pul-
monary consumption ; and lastly, a thin pamphlet, "On
the Nature and Cure of the Worm Fever." These, Dr.
Musgrave's medical works, are now well. nigh forgotten.
They were evidently written as a last and desperate
effort to obtain notice and practice. They did not
effect their object ; the doctor's circumstances became
more and more embarrassed, and he died at his lodg-
ings, in Hart-street, in great poverty, on the 5th of
July, 1780, in the forty-eighth year of his age. In
the burial ground of St. George's, Bloomsbury, where
he was interred, is a stone with the following short
inscription :
Here lies the body of SAMUEL MUSGBAVE, M.D., who departed this
life July 5, 1780, in his 48th year.
In 1781 a posthumous work was published, by sub-
scription, for the benefit of the doctor's family. It
comprised, " Two Dissertations. 1. On the Grecian
Mythology. 2. An Examination of Sir Isaac Newton's
Objections to the Chronology of the Olympiads." 8vo.
Lond.
As a Greek scholar Dr. Musgrave had few superiors.
He was passionately fond of Euripides, with whose
works his name will descend to the latest posterity.
316 ROLL OF THE [1778
He had, as we have seen, already published at Leyden
two valuable dissertations on this author, and his MS.
notes and collections were known to be so valuable,
that the university of Oxford purchased them for 200.
They are incorporated in the excellent edition, in four
volumes 4to. which issued from the Oxford press in
1778. This edition, besides the Greek text and Latin
version, contains the author's life, by Moscopulus,
Thomas Magister, and Aulus Gellius ; a chronology
of events relative to the Grecian stage, various read-
ings and annotations, the fragments of the lost trage-
dies, with the Greek scholia of seven tragedies, and an
index to the notes.
JOHN LEE, M.D. A native of Kerry, and a doctor
of medicine of Rheirns, was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 13th April, 1778. He was
admitted a fellow of the Royal Society 7th February,
1782. Dr. Lee practised at Bath, where he died at an
advanced age on the 6th July, 1822. He published
"A Narrative of a singular Gouty Case, with Observa-
tions." 8vo. Lond. 1782.
SIR FRANCIS MILMAN, BART., M.D., was the son of
a clergyman, and was born in Devonshire in 1746. He
was seat to Exeter college, Oxford, and as a member of
that house proceeded A.B. 9th May, 1764 ; A.M. 14th
January, 1767 ; M.B. 7th July, 1770 ; and M.D. 23rd
November, 1776. In May, 1771, he was elected one of
the RadclifFe travelling fellows ; and whilst abroad, in
compliance with the conditions of his fellowship, was
called into attendance on the duke of Gloucester at
Rome. Dr. Milman was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 30th September, 1777 ; and a
Fellow 30th September, 1778. He would seem about
this period to have had some idea of quitting the
medical profession and entering the church, for in
September, 1779, he resigned his office of physician
to the Middlesex hospital, to which he had been elected
1778] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 317
in 1777; and on the 10th November, 1778, took the
degree of bachelor of divinity at Oxford. The inten-
tion, however, if seriously entertained, was speedily
given up, and by the patronage of the duke of Glou-
cester he was soon introduced into good practice. Tn
1785 he was appointed physician extraordinary to the
king's household; and in 1796 joint physician to the
household. He was created a baronet in 1800, and
about the same time physician extraordinary to the
king, shortly afterwards physician in ordinary to the
queen, and in 1806 physician in ordinary to the king.
Sir Francis Milman was Censor in 1779, 1784, 1788,
1794, 1799; Croonian lecturer in 1781 ; and Harveian
orator in 1782. He was named an Elect 30th July,
1798, in place of his fellow countryman, Sir George
Baker, resigned; and was elected President in 1811,
an office which he filled for two years, resigning it on
the 6th October, 1813. Sir Francis Milman died at his
seat, Pinner grove, Middlesex, 24th June, 1821, in the
seventy-fifth year of his age, and was buried in the old
church at Chelsea. He was the author of
Animadversiones de Natura Hydropis ejusque Curatione. 8vo.
Lond. 1799.
On the Source of the Scurvy and Putrid Fever. 8vo. Lond.
1782,
JAMES SIMS, M.D., \vas the son of a dissenting
minister, born in the county of Down in 1741, and
after a good preliminary education was sent to Leyden,
where he proceeded doctor of medicine in 1764 (D.M.I,
de Temperie Fceminea et Morbis inde Oriundis). Re-
turning to Ireland, he settled at Tyrone, where he
practised for nine or ten years with distinguished re-
putation, and then removed to London. He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1778. In 1810, after a successful career in
town, whereby he had accumulated an easy competency,
Dr. Sims removed to Bath, where he died in 1820, in
the eightieth year of his age. Dr. Sims was physician
318 ROLL OF THE [1773
to the General dispensary, and one of the founders of
the London Medical Society, of which he was for many
years president. " He was," says Mr. Wadd, " a
good-humoured, pleasant man, full of anecdote, an
ample reservoir of good things, and for figures and
facts a perfect chronicle of other times. He had a most
retentive memory, but when that failed in any parti-
cular he referred to a book of knowledge in the shape
of a pocket-book, from which he quoted with oracular
authority." Dr. Sims' portrait was painted by Medley,
and engraved by Bran white. He was the author of
Observations on Epidemic Diseases, with Remarks on Nervous
and Malignant Fevers. 8vo. Lond. 1773.
A Discourse on the best method of prosecuting Medical Inquiries.
8vo. Lond. 1774.
The Principles and Practice of Midwifery, by G. Foster, M.D.,
completed by James Sims, M.D. 8vo. Lond. 1781.
SAMUEL FOABT SIMMONS, M.D., was born at Sand-
wich, co. Kent, 17th March, 1750, and educated at a
seminary in France, where he obtained not only a com-
petent knowledge of the classics, but a minute and
critical knowledge of the French language, which he
wrote and spoke with the same ease and correctness as
his own. His medical studies were commenced at
Edinburgh, where he continued three years. He then
passed over to Holland, and at Leyden proceeded doc-
tor of medicine in 1776 (D.M.I, de Bubeola). Dr.
Simmons then visited Groningen, where he made the
acquaintance of the celebrated Camper, and proceeded
thence to Aix-la-Chapelle, visiting different parts of
Germany, and stopping for a time at each of the prin-
cipal universities in that country. At Berne he became
known to Haller, who afterwards ranked him among
his friends and correspondents. On his way from Berne
to Geneva he paid his respects to Voltaire, at Ferney,
and after spending a few weeks at Montpelier pro-
ceeded homewards through Bordeaux to Paris. His
intention was to have practised in his native county,
Kent, and with this view he came before the College of
1778] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 319
Physicians, and on the 1st July, 1777, was admitted
an Extra-Licentiate. Within a few months, however,
he determined on settling in London, and was admitted
a Licentiate of the College 30th September, 1778. Dr.
Simmons was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in
1779, and of the Society of Antiquaries in 1791, as he
had before been of the different academies of Nantes,
Montpelier, and Madrid. He was an honorary fellow
of the College of Physicians of Lorraine, a foreign fellow
of the Royal Society of Medicine of Paris, an honorary
member of the Medical Society of Edinburgh, and of
the Philosophical Society of Manchester. In 1780 he
was appointed physician to the Westminster dispen-
. sary, and in 1781 physician to St. Luke's hospital. From
this time to the period of his death he devoted himself
almost exclusively to the treatment of insanity, in
which department he attained a high reputation, and
from it accumulated an ample fortune. In 1803 Dr.
Simmons was called into attendance on the king, and
in May, 1804, was appointed one of his Majesty's phy-
sicians extraordinary. He resigned his office at St.
Luke's hospital in February, 1811 ; when the governors,
as a mark of their esteem and respect, appointed him
consulting physician, an office created expressly for
him and allowed to lapse on his decease. Dr. Simmons
died at his house in Poland-street, 23rd April, 1813,
aged sixty-three, and was buried in the churchyard of
St. Clement's, Sandwich, Kent. His tomb bears the
following inscription :
Within this tomb lieth
SAMUEL FOART SIMMONS, M.D.,
Physician Extraordinary to his Majesty,
Fellow of the Royal Society,
and Physician to the hospital of St. Luke's, in London.
He was a native of this town and port,
and after a life zealously devoted to his profession,
and the pursuits of science,
died on the 23rd day of April, 1813, aged sixty-three years.
His widow and son have caused this monument
to be erected in grateful affection for his memory.
Here are also deposited the remains of
320 ROLL OF THE [1779
SUSANNA, wife of Samuel Foart Simmons, M.D.,
who died on the 20th of June, 1820.
He left one son, Richard Simmons, M.D., a Fellow of
the College.
Dr. Simmons was a voluminous writer. He was for
many years the sole editor of the "London Medical
Journal," and of the " Medical Facts and Observations."
He was also the originator and compiler of the "Medical
Register " the prototype of the Medical Directories of
the present day. Papers from his pen are to be found
in the " Philosophical Transactions," the " Medical
Commentaries," and in other periodical publications.
Of his separate works, the following is, I believe, a com-
plete list :
Elements of Anatomy and the Animal Economy. Translated
from the French of M. Person, with Notes. 8vo. Lond. 1775.
Observations on the Cure of the Gonorrhoea. 8vo. Lond. 1780.
An Account of the Tenia, and the Method of treating it, as prac-
tised at Morat, in Switzerland. 8vo. Lond. 1778.
Practical Observations on the Treatment of Consumption. 8vo.
Lond. 1780.
An Account of the Life and Writings of Dr. William Hunter.
8vo. Lond. 1783.
Sm ISAAC PENNINGTON, M.D., was born in Lanca-
shire, and received his early education at the grammar
school of Sedbergh. He was entered at St. John's col-
lege, Cambridge, in 1763, and was elected a fellow of
that house in 1768. He proceeded A.B. 1767 ; A.M.
1770; M.D. 1777; was appointed professor of chemis-
try in the university of Cambridge in 1773 ; and regius
professor of medicine in 1793, when he resigned the
chair of chemistry. He was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 13th April, 1778 ; a Fellow
29th March, 1779 ; and was Harveian orator in 1783.
He was elected physician to Addenbrooke hospital in
1785, and continued in that office until his death. He
received the honour of knighthood in 1796. Sir Isaac
Pennington's professional attainments were consider-
able, and his amiable disposition and social qualities
1779] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 321
endeared him to a numerous circle of friends. He was
never married ; and at the time of his death, which oc-
curred 3rd February, 1817, in the seventy-second year
of his age, he was the senior fellow of St. John's col-
lege. The bulk of his fortune, which was considerable,
he gave to St. John's college, to augment the master-
ship and establish exhibitions of poor scholars. To mark
their gratitude and their estimation of his virtues, the
master and fellows of St. John's caused a tablet, with
the following inscription, to be placed on the north wall
of the ante-chapel of their college :
H. S. E.
ISAACUS PENNINGTON,
Eques Auratus, M.D.
Coll. Medicorum Regal, apud Lcradinum
Socius,
in Acad. Cantab, primo Chemise
deinde Regis Mandate Medicinse
Professor,
hujus Collegii plus XLVIII. annos
Socius.
In curandis morbo laborantibus
diligens, benevolens, prudens, felix,
erga omnes comis et humanus,
suorum amantissimus :
Collegium quod virtutibus vivus
ornabat,
Moriens suis omnibus fere bonis auxit.
Decessit annorum LXXII.
in Non. Feb. MDCCCXVII.
Magister et Socii
L. L. M. ponendum curaverunt.
SEGUIN HENRY JACKSON, M.D., was born in London,
and was the son of Ralph Jackson, a medical practi-
tioner. He was educated at Edinburgh, where he gra-
duated doctor of medicine in 1778 (D.M.I, de Physio-
logia et Pathologia Dentium). He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 29th March,
1779 ; and died at his house in Hanover-street, Han-
over-square, 14th October, 1816, aged sixty-four. We
have from his pen
A Treatise on Medical Sympathy, and on the Balance and Con-
VOL. II. Y
322 ROLL OF THE [1779
nection of the Extreme Vessels of the Human Body. 8vo. Lond.
1787.
Dermato-Pathologia, or Practical Observations on the Pathology
and proximate Cause of Diseases of the true Skin and its ema-
nations, the Rete Mucosum and Cuticle. 8vo. Lond. 1792.
Cautions to Women respecting the State of Pregnancy. 12mo.
Lond. 1798.
Observations on the Epidemic Disease which lately prevailed at
Gibraltar, intended to illustrate the Nature of Contagious Fevers in
general. 8vo. Lond. 1806.
JOHN SIMS, M.D., was born in Canterbury. After a
good private education at a school at Burford in Oxford-
shire, and afterwards under his father, a good classical
scholar, at home, he was sent to Edinburgh. He passed
the session of 1773-74 at Ley den, and then returned to
Edinburgh, where he took the degree of doctor of medi-
cine 12th September, 1774 (D.M.L de Usu Aquse Fri-
gid se Interne). He settled in London ; was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1779 ;
and was appointed physician to the Surrey dispensary,
and to the Charity for Delivering Married Women at
their own Houses. Dr. Sims died at Dorking 26th
February, 1831, aged eighty- two. He was an accom-
plished botanist, and for many years edited the " Bota-
nical Magazine." He was the author of
A Letter on the Pregnancy of the pretended Prophetess Joanna
Southcott.
ANTHONY FOTHERGILL, M.D., was born at Sedbergh,
and obtained his medical education at Edinburgh, Ley-
den, and Paris. He graduated doctor of medicine at
Edinburgh in October, 1763 (D.M.I, de Febre Inter-
mittente) ; and soon after, at the recommendation of
his namesake, though no relation, Dr. John Fothergill,
settled at Northampton. There he met with more dif-
ficulties and had greater opposition to encounter than
either he or his patron had been led to expect. Ulti-
mately, however, they were overcome, and his position
in that town and neighbourhood seems to have come up
to his desires. He continued at Northampton many
1779] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 323
years, and in 1774 was appointed physician to the hos-
pital in that town. Dr. Fothergill was admitted a
fellow of the Royal Society 12th November, 1778 ; a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1779 ; and in 1781, on the death of Dr. John
Fothergill, he removed to London and settled in Harpur-
street, the residence of his deceased friend. But his suc-
cess in town not proving equal to his expectations, he
removed to Bath in the latter part of 1784, where he
soon acquired an extensive business, and realised a good
fortune. In 1803 Dr. Fothergill relinquished practice,
and set out on a visit to the western hemisphere. He
remained in America several years, but returned to this
country in 1812, and died at St. George's-place, Surrey,
llth May, 1813, aged seventy- eight. He left consider-
able wealth, most of which was bequeathed to chari-
table institutions. He was a frequent contributor to
the Transactions of the Medical Society of London,
and the following separate publications were from his
pen :
Hints for Restoring Animation, and for Preserving Mankind
against Noxious Vapours. 8vo. Lond. 1783.
A New Inquiry into the Suspension of Vital Action in cases of
Drowning and Suffocation. 8vo. Lond. 1795.
A New Experimental Inquiry into the Nature and Qualities of
the Cheltenham Waters. 8vo. Bath. 1788.
Cautions to the Heads of Families on the Poison of Lead and
Copper. 8vo. Bath. 1790.
An Essay on the Abuse of Spirituous Liquors. 8vo. Bath. 1797.
An Essay on the Nature of the Disease occasioned by the Bite of
a Mad Dog. 8vo. Lond. 1798.
An Essay on the Preservation of Shipwrecked Mariners, in
Answer to the Prize Questions proposed by the Royal Humane So-
ciety. 8vo. Lond. 1799.
JAMES FORD, JUNR., M.D., was the son of James
Ford, M.D., physician extraordinary to the queen, and
a Licentiate of the College already mentioned. He re-
ceived his preliminary education at Westminster, and
was then sent to Edinburgh, where he took his degree
of doctor of medicine in 1777 (D.M.I, de Fermenta-
Y 2
324 ROLL OF THE [1781
tione). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1779 ; and was elected phy-
sician to St. George's hospital 23rd June, 1786, but re-
signed that office in the latter part of 1793. He died
at Exmouth, co. Devon, after a short illness, 18th
March, 1799, aged forty -five.
STEPHEN PELLET, M.D., was born in London. His
education was commenced at Lausanne ; afterwards he
went to Geneva, and for two years was a pupil of De
Saussure. He returned to England, and was matri-
culated at Hertford college, Oxford, as a member of
which house he proceeded A.B. 14th May, 1773. He
then removed to Edinburgh, where, after a four years'
course of study, he graduated doctor of medicine 24th
June, 1779 (D.M.I, de Palustrium Locorum Insalubri-
tate a Miasmate Oriunda). He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 20th March, 1780 ;
and practised first at Reading, but afterwards removed
to St. Alban's, where, besides his usual practice as a
physician, he had a house for the reception of lunatics
of the upper class. He was for more than a quarter of
a century an acting magistrate for the liberty of St.
Alban's. Dr. Pellet eventually retired from practice,
and removed to London. He died at Westbourn-green,
November 28, 1824, aged seventy-eight.
CHARLES ELSDEN BAGGE, M.D., was born in Norfolk,
and educated at Caius college, Cambridge, of which he
was a fellow. He proceeded M.B. 1774 ; M.D. 1779 ;
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1779 ; and a Fellow, 30th September,
1780. He practised for a short period in London, but
then settled at Lynn Re^is, where he remained some
years, but eventually removed to East Dereham ; and,
as I conceive, died there in 1798 or 1799.
THOMAS BOWDLER, M.D., was born at Ashley, near
Bath, 4th January, 1754, and received his medical edu-
1781] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 325
cation at Edinburgh, where he graduated M.D. in 1776
(D.M.I, de Febrium [ntermittentium Natura et Indole).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 9th April, 1781 ; a fellow of the Boyal Society in
1781 ; and a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in
1784. In 1788 he published an interesting volume of
" Letters written in Holland in 1787 ;" and in 1818 a
well-known and useful work, "The Family Shake-
speare." Dr. Bowdler closed a long and useful life at
Bhyddings, near Swansea, on the 24th February, 1825.
THOMAS CLERK, M.D., a native of Edinburgh, and a
doctor of medicine of the university of that city of 12th
September, 1776 (D.M.I, de Hydrocephalo) ; was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 15th
May, 1781.
Here, namely from 25th June, 1781, we have again
the Annals for our guidance.
WILLIAM KEIR, M.D., was born in Perthshire, and
educated at Edinburgh, where he took the degree of
doctor of medicine 12th September, 1778 (D.M.I, de
Attractione Chemica). He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1781. Dr. Keir
was elected physician to St. Thomas's hospital in 1780 ;
and died of fever 6th June, 1783, aged thirty.
WILLIAM PAYNE, M.D., was born at Worcester, New
England, and had resided and studied for two years at
Harvard college, in that country. He was created
doctor of medicine by the university of Aberdeen 1st
November, 1775 ; was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 1st October, 1781, and held the
appointment of physician to the army.
SIR GILBERT BLANE, BART., M.D., was the son of
326 ROLL OF THE [1781
Gilbert Blane, esq., of Blanefield, co. Ayr, and was
born 29th August, 1747. He was intended for the
church, and received a good preliminary education ;
but, his original views having undergone a change, he
devoted himself to medicine, and spent five years in
its study at Edinburgh. He took his degree of doctor
of medicine at Glasgow, 28th August, 1778. Whilst
at Edinburgh, Dr. Blane had obtained the notice and
friendship of Dr. Robertson, Dr. Blair, and Dr. Cullen,
by the last of whom he was introduced to Dr. William
Hunter, then at the zenith of his reputation in Lon-
don. To the kindness of lord Holdernesse and the
warm recommendation of Dr. Hunter, Dr. Blane was
indebted for an introduction to lord Rodney, with
whom he sailed in the capacity of private physician,
but without any public appointment. He was soon
however, appointed by lord Rodney physician to the
fleet, and performed the duties of that office with so
much ability and satisfaction to all concerned, that,
although the mode of his appointment precluded him
from enjoying half-pay, yet, in consequence of the
unanimous application to the Admiralty of all the prin-
cipal officers who had been on the station, he was re-
warded by a pension from the Crown, which pension at
a later period was doubled by the recommendation of
the Lords of the Admiralty. Returning to England,
Dr. Blane settled in London ; was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 3rd December, 1781 ; arid
in 1783, through the warm recommendation of lord
Rodney and the friendly assistance of his countrymen
Sir Walter Farquhar, M.D., and Dr. Saunders, was
elected physician to St. Thomas's hospital. In 1785,
on the application of the duke of Clarence, Dr. Blane
was appointed physician extraordinary to the prince of
Wales, and in the following year physician to his royal
highness's household. He was at a later period se-
lected by the Prince to proceed to Spa, to attend the
duke of Cumberland, then dangerously ill at that
watering place. So highly to the satisfaction of the
1781] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 327
Prince was this mission executed, that he had next, as
a mark of royal favour, the higher appointment of phy-
sician in ordinary. He was admitted a fellow of the
Royal Society 13th January, 1785.
The Government during a series of years had recourse
to Sir Gilbert Blane on many important occasions.
When the Admiralty was under lord Spencer, he was
appointed one of the commissioners for the sick and
wounded. His arrangements for the provisioning of
fleets on foreign stations were of a very superior de-
scription, particularly in supplying them with abun-
dance of lemon-juice, and making it a regular ingredient
of diet ; in consequence of which scurvy was soon
banished from the fleet. He was consulted on the sub-
ject of quarantine, on the arrangement of the huJks,
and of some of the prisons on shore, and also with
respect to the transportation of convicts on all of
which his advice was conspicuously beneficial. The
most remarkable occasion, however, on which his opinion
was sought, was during the alarming mortality which
took place among the troops at Walcheren. The report
which he then made was concurred in by the medical
officers of the army, and led to the abandonment of the
island. As an acknowledgment of these important
services, he was created a baronet by the Prince Regent
26th December, 1812. On the accession of George IV,
Sir Gilbert Blane was appointed one of the physicians
in ordinary to the king, and he was continued in the
same office on the accession of William IV. Sir Gil-
bert Blane's health began to fail in 1821. He was
attacked with prurigo senilis in its most inveterate
form, which nothing but opium in large doses would
alleviate. This palliative he continued to use in gra-
dually increasing doses to his death. In January, 1834,
he was seized with diarrhoea, followed by anasarca and
ulceration of the legs, which proved fatal on the 27th
June, 1834, in the eighty-seventh year of his age. He
was a fellow of the Royal Societies of London and Edin-
burgh, and a member of the French Institute. He read
ROLL OF THE [1782
the Croonian lecture on Muscular Action to the Eoyal
Society in 1788, contributed many important papers
to the Transactions of various societies, scientific and
medical, and was the author of
Observations on the Diseases incident to Seamen. 8vo. Lond.
1785.
The Croonian Lecture on Muscular Motion. 4to. Lond. 1790.
Address on the Practice of Vaccination. 8vo. Lond. 1811.
Elements of Medical Logiek ; or, Philosophical Principles of the
Practice of Physic. 8vo. Lond. ]819.
Select Dissertations on Medical Science. 8vo. Lond. 1822.
Statement of the Progressive Improvement in the Health of the
Royal Navy at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th
century. 8vo. Lond. 1830.
Warning to the Public on the Cholera of India. 8vo. Lond.
1832.
An unfinished portrait of Sir Gilbert Blane, by Sir
Martin Archer Shee, presented by his family, is in the
College.
JOHN WHITEHEAD, M.D., was born in Lancashire of
humble parents, about the year 1740. Early in life he
became connected with the Wesleys, and under their
auspices preached at Bristol and elsewhere. He soon
however left them, and started as a linen draper at
Bristol ; but failed in business, when he came to London
and joined the society of Friends. By some leading
members of that body he was established in a school at
Wandsworth, where many of their children were edu-
cated. Some time after this Mr. Barclay, wishing his
son to travel on the continent, proposed to Whitehead
to become his companion, offering him an annuity of
one hundred pounds for life, and paying all the ex-
penses of the tour. He accepted the offer, and in
course of travel they reached Leyden, where White-
head, then thirty-nine years of age, was on the 16th
September, 1779, inscribed on the physic line. He
graduated doctor of medicine at Leyden 4th February,
1780 (D.M.I, de Causa Reciprocarum Contractionum
Cordis et Arteriarum). He was admitted a Licentiate
1782] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 329
of the College of Physicians 25th March, 1782. Dr.
Whitehead on the death of Dr. Kooystra in 1781 be-
came physician to the London dispensary, and in 1784
the Friends made a vigorous effort to secure his elec-
tion as physician to the London hospital. On the 28th
July in that year he was returned as elected, but
almost immediately afterwards the election was de-
clared not valid, and Dr. John Cooke was appointed to
the vacant office. Soon after this Dr. Whitehead
seceded from the society of Friends, and united him-
self again to the Wesley s. Thenceforward he preached
often in their connection, and was highly esteemed
therein, both as physician and preacher, so much so
indeed, that he attended Wesley in his last illness as
his physician, and preached his funeral sermon. Dr.
Whitehead died in London 7th March, 1804, aged
sixty -four. He was the author of
A Report of a New, Easy, and Successful Method of treating the
Childbed or Puerperal Fever, made use of by M. Doulcet. From
the French. 8vo. Lond. 1783.
Letter on the difference between the Medical Society of Crane
court and Dr. Whitehead. 8vx>. Lond. 1784.
The Life of the Rev. John Wesley, A.M., sometime fellow of
Lincoln College, Oxford, collected from his Private Papers and
printed Works, and written at the request of his Executors. 2 vols.
8vo. Lond. 1793-96.
WILLIAM LISTER, M.D., was born in Hertfordshire,
and educated at Edinburgh, where he took the degree
of doctor of medicine 12th September, 1781 (D.M.I,
de Fermentatione). He then settled in London, and
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
25th March, 1782. Dr. Lister was appointed physician
to the Small-pox hospital 16th April, 1789, but resigned
that office in February, 1791. On the death of Dr.
Crawford, in 1795, he was elected physician to St.
Thomas's hospital, which appointment he retained
until 1817. He died at his house in Lincoln's-inn-
fields, from disease of the heart, the 3rd February,
1830, aged seventy -three. Dr. Lister was much es-
330 ROLL OF THE [1783
teemed by his contemporaries. " He possessed an
acute and vigorous understanding, which had received
the culture of a liberal and extended education. He
was a good classical scholar, and until within a short
time of his death was in the daily habit of devoting
some intervals of leisure to the poets or historians of
Greece and Rome. He was a painstaking, judicious,
and successful practitioner, had a just conception of
what belonged to the character of a physician, and
always maintained by example as well as by precept
the dignity and value of his profession." His bust is
in the entrance hall of the new St. Thomas's hospital.
JAMES HERVEY, M.D., was born in London, and re-
ceived his preliminary education, first at a school at
Northampton, and subsequently at home under a private
tutor. He was then sent to Oxford, and entered at
Queen's college, as a member of which he proceeded A.B.
30th May, 1771; A.M. 9th June, 1774; M.B. 15th
January, 1777 ; M.D. 7th July, 1781. Dr. Hervey was
elected physician to Guy's hospital in 1779 ; was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 1st Oc-
tober, 1781 ; and a Fellow, 30th September, 1782. Pos-
sessed of a comfortable independence, Dr. Hervey was
little solicitous for business. He regularly attended for
some years at Tunbridge Wells during the summer, but
more for the sake of his own health and recreation than
for professional employment. His practice there was
select rather than extensive ; but he acquired the repu-
tation of an able physician. He was Gulstonian lec-
turer in 1783 ; Censor in 1783, 1787, 1789, 1795, 1802,
1809 ; Registrar from 1784 to 1814; Harveian orator
in 1785; Lumleian lecturer from 1789 to 1811; and
Elect, 4th May, 1809. Dr. Hervey was the first ap-
pointed registrar of the National Vaccine Establishment.
He died at the commencement of 1824.
CHRISTOPHER MANN TORRE, A.M. Of Trinity col-
lege, Cambridge, A.B. 1779 ; A.M. 1782. He was ad-
1783] KOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 331
mitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians
15th March, 1783, and then settled at Pontefract, where
he practised for many years ; and, dying on the 23rd
October, 1824, was buried in All Saints church in that
town, where there is a tablet thus inscribed :
To Christopher Mann Torre, Esq ,
son of Nicholas Torre, Esq., and Mary his wife, of Pontefract,
who departed this life October 23, 1824,
in the 68th year of his age.
That he possessed the best feelings of the heart,
was manifested by his piety to God,
and his unwearied benevolence to those who required his assistance.
That he was beloved and esteemed,
was evidenced in the grief of his sorrowful relations,
in the unfeigned regret of many who cherish the remembrance of
his worth,
and in the heartfelt tribute of him whose gratitude and affection
dedicates this tablet to the memory of his virtues.
JOHN Fox, M.D. A doctor of medicine, of what uni-
versity is not recorded ; was admitted an Extra- Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 29th April, 1783. He
practised at Falmouth.
BENJAMIN CHANDLER, M.D., was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College 31st October, 1783. He prac-
tised at Canterbury ; and, dying there on the 10th May,
1786, aged forty-nine, was buried in the church of St.
Mary Magdalene, in that city. In the south aisle is a
flagstone thus inscribed :
Here lie the remains of
Benjamin Chandler, Junr., M.D.,
a man of great erudition
and singularly eminent in his profession.
He died on the 10th of May, 1786,
deeply lamented by his relatives and friends.
He was the author of-
An Essay on the present Method of Inoculation. 8vo. Lond.
1767.
An Enquiry into the various Theories and Methods of Care in
Apoplexies and Palsies. 8vo. Canterbury. 1785.
332 ROLL OF THE [1783
ROBERT FREER, M.D. A native of Perthshire, and
a doctor of medicine of Aberdeen, of 23rd February,
1779 ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 25th June, 1783. He died in Scotland, where
he had long practised, about the year 1827.
DEVEREUX MYTTON, M.D., was born in Montgomery-
shire, and educated at Pembroke college, Oxford. He
proceeded A.B. 2nd December, 1773; A.M. 5th July,
1776 ; M.B. 6th January, 1781 ; M.D. 13th December,
1781 ; was admitted a Candidate of the College of Phy-
sicians 30th September, 1782 ; and a Fellow, 30th Sep-
tember, 1783. He practised for a few years at Wind-
sor, but at the age of fifty withdrew to his native county
and took to farming, in which he was very successful.
He died at Varchoel, Montgomeryshire, on the 30th
September, 1841, aged eighty-seven, and was buried in
the parish church of Garth, in that county. His memo-
rial is as follows :
Sacred to the Memory of
Devereux Mytton, Esq., M.D.,
of Varchoel, in this parish,
third son of Devereux Mytton, Esq.,
of Garth, and Anne his wife,
and grandson of Richard Mytton, Esq.,
of Pontyscowryd,
and Dorothy his wife, only child of
Brochwell Wynn, of Garth.
He departed this life Sept. 30th, 1841,
in the 87th year of his age.
JOHN MATTHEWS, M.D., was born in Herefordshire,
and educated at Merton college, Oxford, as a member
of which he proceeded A.B. 3rd March, 1778 ; A.M. 2nd
June, 1779; M.B. 31st May, 1781; M.D. 6th July,
1782. He was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1782 ; and a Fellow, 30th
September, 1783. He delivered the Gulstonian lec-
tures in 1784. Dr. Matthews was elected physician to
St. George's hospital 20th April, 1781, but resigned that
office in 1783, when he relinquished the practice of his
1783] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 333
profession, and withdrew to his native county. He
there became alderman and one of the magist rates of
O
Hereford, chairman of the quarter sessions, and colonel
of the first regiment of Herefordshire militia. He died
at his seat, Belmont, Hereford, after a protracted illness
of intense suffering, on the 15th January, 1826, aged
seventy.
THOMAS DENMAN, M.D., was born at Bakewell, co.
Derby, 27th June, 1733, and was educated at the gram-
mar-school of that town. He was the second sou of
Mr. John Denman, a respectable apothecary, who died
in 1752, when our future physician for some time as-
sisted his elder brother, who succeeded to the business.
In his twenty-first year he came to London, and attended
two courses of lectures on anatomy, and the practice of
St. George's hospital. He then procured the appoint-
ment of surgeon's mate in the navy. In 1757 he
was made surgeon through the interest of the dowager
duchess of Devonshire, and, after a cruise of seventeen
months off the coast of Africa, was appointed to the
Edgar, a new ship of sixty guns, commanded by captain
(afterwards admiral) Drake, with whom he continued
until the conclusion of peace in 1763, when he left the
service. Repairing to London, he renewed his studies,
and attended Dr. Smellie's lectures on midwifery. He
was created doctor of medicine by the university of
Aberdeen 13th July, 1764, and then endeavoured to
establish himself as a physician at Winchester. This
attempt proving unsuccessful, he returned to London,
but his prospects were so little flattering, that he ac-
tually made an attempt to resume his situation as sur-
geon in the navy. Fortunately for his future career he
was unable to procure a warrant. Under these cir-
cumstances, the surgeoncy to one of the royal yachts,
which he obtained through the influence of lord George
Cavendish, and the friendly recommendation of his for-
mer commander, captain Drake, bringing him a salary of
seventy pounds per annum, without materially affecting
334 ROLL OF THE [1783
his London practice, afforded him an important addition
to his small income. About this period he commenced
lecturing on midwifery, in conjunction with Dr. Osborne.
These lectures, which were continued for fifteen years,
gave him a high reputation; and on the 5th October,
1769, he was appointed physician-accoucheur to the
Middlesex hospital. Dr. Denman's progress as a prac-
titioner was at first, however, slow. Dr. William Hun-
ter then occupied the first place as accoucheur at the
west end of the town, and Dr. Ford was in the enjoy-
ment of an extensive and lucrative practice. On their
removal Dr. Denman made rapid progress ; he soon
attained to the summit of his department of the pro-
fession, and maintained his position with a firmness of
which there have been but few examples. In 1783 his
private engagements had become so numerous that he
was compelled to resign his office at the Middlesex hos-
pital. He was admitted by the College of Physicians
a Licentiate in Midwifery 22nd December, 1783.* In
1791 Dr. Denman purchased a house at Feltham, near
Hounslow, and withdrew from the more harassing and
laborious part of his practice, but he never quitted it
entirely. He limited himself to consultations, and in
that capacity was much esteemed and much resorted
to. He died at his house in Mount-street, Grosvenor-
square, 26th November, 1815, aged eighty-two, and
was buried at St. James's, Piccadilly, where there is the
following simple inscription :
Thomas Denman, M.D.,
born June 27, 1733, died Nov r . 26, 1815.
Elizabeth his wife
born Jan*. 23, 1746, died Jan y . 19, 1833.
"To a well-cultivated mind and sound judgment,
aided by experience and enriched by reading the best
authors, Dr. Denman added the more pleasing qualities
of mildness, amenity of manners, patience, and unre-
* "1783, Oct r . 6. The College having taken into consideration
the Practice of Midwifery resolved that Licences be granted to
Practitioners in Midwifery." Annals, vol. xv, p. 35.
1783] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 335
mitting attention to his profession. He was of a cheer-
ful disposition and peculiar simplicity of manners, re-
markably temperate and regular in his habits of life,
humble and unassuming in his deportment. To the poor
he was ever attentive and a kind benefactor ; not only
privately relieving them and giving them advice, but
also an active promoter of public charities, In the pri-
vate circles of domestic life and the bosom of his family,
he was always amiable and entertaining, and from his
reading, experience, and having been much in the high-
est circles he was full of anecdote. But the best trait
in the character of this excellent man was his religious
principle ; he not only had a firm belief in religion, but
he adorned it by his practice, uniformly showing it by
his life."* By his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Mr.
Alexander Brodie, he left one son, Thomas, who became
lord chief justice of England, and a peer of the realm ;
and two daughters, one married to Matthew Baillie,
M.D., and the other to Sir Richard Croft, M.D. Dr.
Denman's portrait by L. F. Abbot was engraved by
Skelton in 1792. From Dr. Denman's pen we have
A Letter on the Construction and Use of Vapour Baths. 8vo.
Lond. 1768.
Essays on the Puerperal Fever, and on Puerperal Convulsions.
8vo. Lond. 1768.
Aphorisms on the Application and Use of the Forceps and Yectis
in Preternatural Labours, or Labours attended with Hemorrhage or
Convulsions. 18mo. Lond. 1783.
An Essay on Uterine Hemorrhages depending on Pregnancy and
Parturition. 8vo. Lond. 1786.
An Essay on Preternatural Labours. 8vo. Lond. 1786.
An Essay on Natural Labours. 8vo. Lond. 1786.
A Collection of Engravings tending to illustrate the Generation
and Parturition of Animals, and of the Human Species. 4to. Lond.
1787.
An Introduction to the Practice of Midwifery. 8vo. Lond.
Plates of Polypi of the Uterus. 4to. Lond. 1800.
Observations on Rupture of the Uterus, on the Snuffles in Infants,
and on Mania Lactea. 8vo. Lond. 1810.
Observations on the Cure of Cancers. 8vo. Lond. 1810.
* Gent. Mag. for 1815, vol. Uxxv, part ii, p. 567.
336 ROLL OF THE [1784
WILLIAM OSBORNE, M.D. A native of London, and
a doctor of medicine of St. Andrew's of 10th October,
1777; was admitted by the College of Physicians a
Licentiate in Midwifery 22nd December, 1783. He
was physician to the General Lying-in hospital in
Store-street, and for many years delivered lectures on
midwifery in conjunction with Dr. Deiiman. He died
at his residence, Old Park, near Dover, 15th August,
1808, aged seventy-two. His portrait by J. Hardy,
was engraved by J. Jones. Dr. Osborne was the author
of
An Essay on Laborious Parturition, in which the Division of the
S jraphy sis Pubis is considered. 8vo. Lond. 1783.
Essays on the Practice of Midwifery. 8vo. Lond. 1792.
BOBERT HALLIFAX, M.D., was born in 1735, and
was the son of Robert Hallifax an apothecary at Mans-
field, by his wife Hannah, a sister of Samuel Jebb,
M.D. Of his education, general or medical, I can re-
cover no particulars. He had been apothecary to the
king's household and to the prince of Wales ; and hav-
ing, on the 24th January, 1783, been created doctor of
medicine by the archbishop of Canterbury, was, on the
5th April, 1784, admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians. In the following year he was appointed
physician extraordinary to the prince of Wales, and
physician to H.RH/s household ; and in 1787, physi-
cian in ordinary to the Prince, an appointment which
he retained to the time of his death, which occurred
at Bath, 17th September, 1810. His brother was
bishop of Gloucester.
MICHAEL UNDERWOOD, M.D., was born in Surrey,
and educated as a surgeon-apothecary, in which capa-
city he practised for several years. Eventually, how-
ever, he limited his practice to midwifery and the
diseases of women and children, and was admitted by
the College of Physicians a Licentiate in Midwifery
5th April, 1784. Shortly after this he obtained a
1784] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 337
degree of doctor of medicine from one of the Scotch
universities. Dr. Underwood was physician to the
British Lying-in hospital, and physician to the princess
of Wales, whom he attended at the birth of the prin-
cess Charlotte. He died at Knightsbridge March 14,
1820, aged eighty-four, being the last surviving Licen-
tiate in Midwifery of the College. Dr. Underwood was
the author of
A Treatise upon Ulcers of the Legs, Scrophulous Sores, and
Mammary Abscesses. 8vo. Lond. 1783.
Surgical Tracts on Ulcers of the Legs. 8vo. Lond. 1788.
A Treatise on the Diseases of Children, with General Directions
for the Management of Infants. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1795.
CHARLES COMBE, M.D. This accomplished scholar
and estimable man was the son of a respectable apothe-
cary, and was born in Southampton-street, Bloomsbury-
square, 23rd September, 1743. He was educated at
Harrow under Dr. Thackeray ; and, having risen to the
sixth form, left the school when between sixteen and
seventeen years of age, with the intention of proceeding
forthwith to Queen's college, Oxford. His elder bro-
ther, who was then assisting his father in the business,
being in a bad state of health, and soon afterwards
dying, Dr. Combe remained at home ; and, having gone
through the usual education at -the London hospitals,
in 1768 succeeded to his father's business. His taste
for antiquities, more especially numismatics, was early
manifested, and introduced him to the notice of Dr.
William Hunter, whose esteem and friendship he soon
succeeded in obtaining. At his death in 1783, Dr.
Hunter left him, jointly with Dr. George Fordyce and
Dr. David Pitcairn, executor and trustee to his museum.
Dr. Combe's attainments as a scholar and antiquary
were by this time generally known and appreciated. He
had been elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries
in 1771 ; and a fellow of the Royal Society in 1770 ;
and in 1784 the university of Glasgow conferred on him
the degree of doctor of medicine. Dr. Combe then com-
menced practice as an obstetric physician, and on the
VOL. II. Z
338 ROLL OF THE [1734
5th of April, 1784, was admitted by the College of Phy-
sicians a Licentiate in Midwifery. He was elected phy-
sician to the British Lying-in hospital in 1789 ; and, on
resigning that office in 1810, was, at a special general
court convened for that purpose, unanimously appointed
consulting physician. Dr. Combe died at his house in
Vernon-place, Bloomsbury-square, 18th March, 1817,
in the seventy-fourth year of his age, and was buried in
Bloomsbury cemetery, Brunswick-square. His portrait
was painted by Medley, and engraved by N. Bran-
white. Dr. Combe had made a very valuable collection
in Materia Medica, and this the College purchased
shortly after his death. He contributed various papers
to the periodical publications of the time, but the works
by which he is best known, and on which his reputation
now rests, are the following :
Index Nummorum omnium Imperatorum Augustorum et Cassa-
rum, a Julio Caesare ad Postumum, qui tarn in Roma et Coloniis,
quam in Graecia, Egypto, et aliis locis ex ^Ere magni moduli sig-
nabantur. 4to. Lond. 1773.
Nummorum veterum Populorum et Urbium qui in Museo Grulielmi
Hunter asservantur Descriptio, figuris illustrata. 4to. Lond. 1782.
In 1793 Dr. Conibe brought out, conjointly with
Mr. Homer, fellow of Emmanuel college, Cambridge, a
splendid edition of Horace in two volumes, quarto, a
magnificent specimen of typography, enriched with a
judicious selection of notes, and the best index to the
works of Horace which had ever appeared. This led to
the publication of a pamphlet entitled
A Statement of Facts relative to the Behaviour of Dr. Parr to
the late Mr. H. Homer and Dr. Combe. 8vo. Lond. 1793.
A Catalogue of a Collection of Prints, formed with a view fco elu-
cidate and improve the History of Engraving from ths earliest
period of the Art till the year 1700. 8vo. Lond. 1803.
JOHN GIDEON CAULET, M.D., was the son of John
Caulet, late of Oporto, wine merchant, and Elizabeth
(Page) his wife. Born in London and educated at St.
Paul's school, he was admitted a pensioner of St. John's
1784] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 339
college, Cambridge, 17th May, 1770, aged seventeen,
and as a member of that house proceeded M.B. 1777 ;
M.D. 1782. He was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 25th June, 1783 ; a Fellow, 25th
June, 1784 ; was Censor in 1784 ; and Gulstonian lec-
turer in 1785. He was elected physician to St. Bar-
tholomew's hospital 26th August, 1784; and died of
fever 24th July, 1786, in the thirty-sixth year of his
age.
AD AIR CRAWFORD, M.D., was born at Antrim, in
Ireland, and took his degree of doctor of medicine at
Glasgow 24th January, 1780. He then settled in Lon-
don, was appointed physician to the General dispen-
sary ; and on the resignation of Dr. H. R. Reynolds,
was elected physician to St. Thomas's hospital. He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
25th June, 1784; and a fellow of the Royal Society
18th May, 1786. Dr. Crawford was an accomplished
chemist, and will long be remembered as the author of
an ingenious theory on the origin of animal heat. He
held the professorship of chemistry at Woolwich, and
died at the marquis of Lansdowne's seat, near Lyming-
ton, Hants, whither he had gone for the benefit of his
health, on the 29th July, 1795. His epitaph was writ-
ten by Mr. Gilbert Wakefield for a monument which
lord Lansdowne had purposed erecting to the memory
of his friend. The monument was not completed, in
consequence of the death of the marquis, which occurred
shortly after he had given orders for its erection. Mr.
Wakefield's inscription was as follows :
To the Memory of
ADAIK CRAWFORD, M.D. F.R.S.,
who departed this life on the 29th of
July, 1795, in the forty-seventh year of his age.
In the practice of his profession
intelligent, liberal, and humane ;
in his manner
gentle, diffident, and unassuming :
his unaffected deference to the wants of
others,
z 2
340 ROLL OF THE [1784
his modest estimation of himself,
the infant simplicity of his demeanour,
the pure emanation
of kind affection, and a blameless heart,
rendered him universally beloved !
To these virtues of the man,
his contemporaries alone can testify.
As a votary of science,
and Author of a treatise on Animal Heat,
posterity will repeat his praise.
The most noble the Marquis of Lansdowne,
to whose house the Doctor had retired
from London, for a respite from the
duties of his profession, and who
respected him while living,
erected this Monument to his Memory.
Dr. Crawford was the author of
Experiments and Observations on Animal Heat, and the Inflam-
mation of Combustible Bodies. 8vo. Lond. 1779.
An Experimental Enquiry into the Effects of Tonics and other
Medicinal Substances on the cohesion of the Animal Fibre. Edited
by Ad. Crawford. 8vo. Lond. 1816.
WILLIAM ROWLEY, M.D., was of Irish extraction,
but was born in London on the 18th November, 1743.
He was bred a surgeon ; and in that capacity was in the
king's service from 1760 to 1765 ; and was present at
the siege of Belleisle, and the taking of Havannah. He
commenced practice in London as a surgeon and ac-
coucheur, but after a few years, viz., on the 23rd April,
1774, obtained a degree of doctor of medicine from the
university of St. Andrew's ; and was admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1784.
He had some time previous to this entered himself at
St. Alban's hall, Oxford, with the view of qualifying
himself for admission to the Fellowship of the College
of Physicians ; and as a member of that house he pro-
ceeded A.B. 9th June, 1784; A.M. 24th May, 1787;
M.B. 17th July, 1788. Some objections on account of
non-residence, or some deviation from the statutes of
the university, were opposed to his further progress ;
1784] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 341
and he was not allowed to complete his doctor's degree.
Dr. Rowley was physician to the Marylebone infirmary,
and consulting physician to the Queen's Lying-in hos-
pital. He died at his house in Savile-row 1 7th March,
1806, and was buried with much pomp in St. James's
chapel. Hampstead-road.
Dr. Rowley was a determined opponent of vaccina-
tion, and obtained an unenviable notoriety by his asso-
ciation with Dr. Moseley in opposing every conceivable
obstacle to the reception and progress of that invaluable
discovery. His writings, which were numerous, are
most of them popular in style, addressed to the public
rather than to the profes'sion ; and were calculated to
promote his own private interests rather than to ad-
vance the science and art which it was his province to
cultivate and practise. They have long fallen into com-
plete and deserved oblivion. Neither his character nor
career were of a kind we delight to dwell on. I hasten,
therefore, to the following list of his writings :
A Treatise on the Causes and Cure of Swelled Legs, on Dropsies,
and on the Modes of retarding the Decay of the Constitution in the
Decline of Life. 8vo. Lond. 1770.
Essay on Ophthalmia, or Inflammation of the Eyes and the Dis-
eases of the Transparent Cornea. 8vo. Lond. 1771.
Essay on the Cure of Gonorrhoea, or fresh contracted Venereal
Disease, without the use of internal medicines. 8vo. Lond. 1771.
Practical Essay on the Disease of the Breasts of Women. 8vo.
Lond. 1772.
A Course of Lectures on the Theory and Practice of Midwifery.
8vo. Lond. 1773.
A Letter to Dr. William Hunter, occasioned by the Death of the
late Lady Holland. 8vo. Lond. 1774.
A Second Letter to Dr. Hunter. 8vo. Lond. 1775.
Medical Advice for the Army and Navy in the present American
Expedition. 8vo. Lond. 1776.
Seventy-four Select Cases, with the Manner of Cure, and the
proportion of the Remedies. 8vo. Lond. 1778.
An Essay on the Malignant Ulcerated Sore Throat. 8vo. Lond.
1778.
The Gout and Rheumatism cured or alleviated. 8vo. Lond. 1780.
A Treatise on Female, Nervous, Hysterical, Hypochondriacal,
Bilious, Convulsive Diseases, Apoplexy, and Palsy. 8vo. Lond.
1789.
342 ROLL OF THE [1784
A. Treatise on Regular, Irregular, Atonic, and Flying Gout. 8vo.
Lond. 1792.
Observations on the Causes of the great number of Deaths in
Putrid Scarlet Fevers and Ulcerated Sore Throats. 8vo. Lond.
1793.
Schola Medicinse Universalis Nova, historian!, anatomiam, phy-
siologiam atque pathologiam specialem continens, cum 68 tabulis
seneis. 2 torn. 4to. 1793.
The New Universal History and School of Medicine, translated
into English from the original Greek and Latin edition. 4to.
Lond. 1793.
The Rational and Improved Practice of Physic, &c. 4 yols. 8vo.
Lond. 1793.
The most Cogent Reasons why Astringent Injections, Caustic,
Bougies, and violent Salivations in Venereal Affections should be
banished for ever from practice. 8vo. Lond.
A Treatise on the Hydrocephalus, or Watery Head of Children.
8vo. Lond.
Truth Vindicated ; or, the Specific Differences of Mental Dis-
eases ascertained. 8vo. Lond. 1 790.
A Treatise on the Plague, Putrid, Malignant, Infectious Fevers
of Spain, Gibraltar, Hot Climates, &c. 8vo. Lond.
Cow-pox Inoculation no Security against Small-pox Infection.
8vo. Lond.
JOHN MEYER, M.D., was the son of a banker at
Vienna, and was born at Lindau, on the lake of Con-
stance, 27th December, 1749. He entered the univer-
sity of Strasburg in 1764 ; and after an extended clas-
sical and medical education, proceeded doctor of medi-
cine in 1771 (D.M.L de Fistula Ani. 4to.). He then
studied for three years under Quarin at Vienna ; and
after visiting Dresden, Leipsic, and Berlin, came to Lon-
don and attended the medical practice of Guy's hos-
pital. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1784. He practised for some
years in London, and died at Brighton, after a lingering
illness, on the 30th July, 1825, aged seventy-five.
THOMAS KSOWLES, M.D. A native of Yorkshire,
who was entered on the physic line at Leyden 18th
June, 1771, being then thirty-five years of age, and
graduated doctor of medicine there in 1772 (D.M.L de
Vita Sedentaria), was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
1784] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 343
lege of Physicians 25th June, 1784. He died at his
house in Lombard-street, 16th November, 1786. His
widow, a Quaker, was eminent for her skill in needle-
work.*
GEORGE PEARSON, M.D., was born in 1751, at Ro-
therham in Yorkshire ; and after a good preliminary
education was sent to Edinburgh, between which, Ley-
den and London, he pursued his medical studies. He
took the degree of doctor of medicine at Edinburgh in
1774 (D.M.I, de Putredine Animalibus post Mortem
superveniente). Dr. Pearson settled in the first in-
stance at Doncaster, but subsequently removed to Lon -
don ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 25th June, 1784 ; and elected physician to St.
George's hospital 23rd February, 1787. He was ad-
mitted a fellow of the Royal Society 30th June, 1791.
For a long series of years he lectured on chemistry,
materia medica, and the practice of physic. As a lec-
turer he was plain, distinct, comprehensive, and im-
pressively energetic, and on many occasions he was
argumentative, often witty, and even eloquent when a
favourite subject was the object of display. His lec-
tures were always popular, and to the last he com-
manded a numerous class. As a practitioner he was
judicious and safe rather than strikingly acute or origi-
nal. He was a sound Latin scholar, a disinterested
friend, a good-humoured and jocose companion ; he
abounded in anecdotes, which in his lectures, equally as
in society, he told with excellent effect. He was a
passionate admirer of Shakespeare, was in the constant
habit of quoting him, and left in manuscript some
clever commentaries on the great dramatic bard. He
and Kemble knew each other at Doncaster, and their
intimacy continued long after. Dr. Pearson continued
in practice to the last. He died at his house in Hano-
ver-square, from a fall down stairs, on the 9th Novem-
ber, 1828, aged seventy-seven. He was a frequent con-
* Public Characters, 17901800, p. 545.
344 ROLL OF THE [1784
tributor to the " Philosophical Transactions," and the
author of the following works :
Observations and Experiments for Investigating the Chemical
History of the Tepid Springs of Buxton. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1783.
Directions for Impregnating the Buxton Waters with its own
and other Gases, and for composing Artificial Buxton Waters. Bvo.
Lond. 1785.
Translation of the Table of Chemical Nomenclature proposed by
De Gayton, &c. 4to. Lond. 1795.
An Inquiry concerning the History of the Cow-pock, principally
with a view to supersede and extinguish the Small-pox. 8vo. Lond.
1798.
Experiments and Observations on the Constituent Parts of the
Potatoe Root. 4to. Lond.
The Substance of a Lecture on the Inoculation of the Cow-pock.
8vo. Lond. 1798.
Arranged Catalogue of the Articles of Food, Seasoning, and Me-
dicine, for the use of Lectures on Therapeutics and Materia Medica.
8vo. Lond. 1801.
An Examination of the Report of the Committee of the House
of Commons on the Claims of Remuneration for the Vaccine Pock
Inoculation. 8vo. Lond. 1802.
Report on the Cow-pock Inoculation during the years 1800, 1801,
and 1802. 8vo. Lond. 1803.
A Statement of Evidence from Trials of Yariolous and Vaccine
Matter in Inoculation, to judge whether or no a person can un-
dergo the Small-pox after being affected with the Cow-pock. 8vo.
Lond. 1804.
A Communication to the Board of Agriculture on the use of
Green Vitriol or Sulphate of Iron as a Manure. 4to. Lond. 1805.
A Syllabus of Lectures on the Practice of Medicine. 8vo. Lond.
An Address to the Heads of Families, by one of the Physicians
to the Vaccine Pock Institution.
A Paper containing the Results of Eleven Years' Practice at the
Original Vaccine Pock Institution. 8vo. Lond. 1811.
THOMAS WATSON, M.D. A native of London, and a
doctor of medicine, of what university is not recorded,
but probably of Leyden, as his name was entered on
the physic line there 14th July, 1782, he being then
thirty-six years of age. He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 9th August, 1784. He
practised for some years in Chan eery -lane, but then
removed to Burwash in Sussex, and finally to Tun-
bridge.
1784] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 345
WILLIAM WOODVILLE, M.D., was born at Cocker-
mouth, co. Cumberland, and educated at Edinburgh,
where he became a favourite pupil of Dr. Cullen, and
took the degree of doctor of medicine 12th September,
1775 (D.M.I, de Causis Irritabilitatem Fibrarum Motri-
cium augentibus). He began practice at Papcastle in
his native county, but shortly removed to Denbigh,
North Wales, where he remained a few years only. In
1782 Dr. Woodville settled in London, and was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 9th
August, 1784. He was elected physician to the Small-
pox and Inoculation hospitals 17th March, 1791 ; and
died of a chronic pulmonary complaint at the hospital,
whither he had been removed at his own particular re-
quest, on the 26th March, 1805, in the fifty-eighth
year of his age. His portrait by Abbot is at the
Small- pox hospital. It was engraved by Bond. Dr.
Woodville was an accomplished botanist, and his office
of physician to the Small-pox hospital afforded him the
opportunity of cultivating that science. Some two
acres of the ground belonging to the institution, then
situated at King's Cross, was appropriated by him as
a botanical garden, which he maintained at his own
expense. He was the author of
Medical Botany : Systematic and General Descriptions, with
Plates of all the Medicinal Plants, indigenous and exotic, compre-
hended in the catalogues of the Materia Medica, as published by the
Royal College of Physicians of London and Edinburgh. 3 vols.
4to. Lond. 1790.
Supplementary Volume. 4to. Lond. 1794.
The History of the Inoculation of the Small-pox in Great Bri-
tain. 8vo. Loud. 1796.
Reports of a Series of Inoculations for the Variolas Vaccinaa or
Cow-pox. With Remarks and Observations on the Disease con-
sidered as a Substitute for Small-pox. 8vo. Lond. 1799.
Observations on the Cow-pox. 8vo. Lond. 1800.
JOHN RELPH, M.D., a native of Cumberland, was
entered on the physic line at Leyden 20th March, 1778.
He graduated doctor of medicine there the same year
(D.M.I, de Kubeola), and was admitted a Licentiate of
346 EOLL OF THE [1784
the College of Physicians 9th August, 1784. He was
elected physician to Guy's hospital in 1789 ; and died
in Mark-lane 24th March, 1804. His portrait by
Medley was engraved by N. Branwhite. He was the
author of--
An Inquiiy into the Medical Efficacy of the Yellow Peruvian
Bark. 8vo. Lond. 1794.
CHARLES BROWN, M.D., was admitted an Extra
Licentiate of the College 2nd September, 1784. He
practised for some years at Caermarthen, but ultimately
removed to Berlin. His name disappears from the
College List in 1830.
RICHARD HUCK SATJNDERS, M.D., was born in West-
moreland in 1720 ; and had the misfortune to lose his
father (Mr. Huck) when he was but a few months old.
His education was directed by his maternal uncle,
Mr. Harrison, who sent him to the grammar school of
Croughland in Cumberland. There he received the ru-
diments of a classical education, and acquired a compe-
tent knowledge of Latin. He was then apprenticed for
five years to Mr. Neal, a surgeon-apothecary, at Penrith,
after which he proceeded to London, and entered him-
self at St. Thomas's hospital as a pupil of Mr. John
Girle. In 1745 he was appointed surgeon to lord
Semple's regiment, and continued in the service until
the peace of 1748. He then settled at Penrith; and
on the 13th October, 1749, received the degree of
doctor of medicine from Marischal college, Aberdeen.
In 1750 he was appointed surgeon to the 33rd Regi-
ment, then at Minorca, whither he at once proceeded,
and remained for three years. Returning in 1753, the
regiment was quartered at Edinburgh, and there re-
mained for two years, when Dr. Huck availed himself
of the opportunity to attend the medical lectures in
that university. He next went out to America under
the earl of Loudoun, was by that nobleman promoted
to the rank of physician to the army, and in this capa-
city served during the whole of the war, much to his
1784] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 347
own credit, and greatly to the benefit of the troops
under his care. After the successful expedition against
Havannah he returned to England, but with his health
much impaired, and was in consequence advised to
spend some time upon the continent. He made the
tour of Germany, Italy, and France; when, returning
to England with his health much improved, he settled
in London, and commenced practice as a physician. He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
1st April, 1765 ; was elected physician to the Middle-
sex hospital in September, 1766 ; a.nd physician to St.
Thomas's hospital in 1768, when he resigned his office
at the former institution. In 1777 Dr. Huck married
the niece and heiress of Sir Charles Saundejrs. By this
union he acquired a large fortune, both in land and
money, and assumed the name and arms of Saunders.
He now resigned his appointment at St. Thomas's hos-
pital, and introduced as his successor Dr. H. R. Rey-
nolds, who had been induced, mainly on his recommen-
dation, to leave Guildford and settle in London. In
1780 Mrs. Saunders, after a protracted illness, died;
and the doctor, who for many previous winters had suf-
fered severely from a chronic pulmonary complaint, now
became much worse his spirits drooped, and never
recovered their former buoyancy. Although his prac-
tice was often interrupted by illness, he never relin-
quished it entirely. His reputation with the public
and with the profession continued to increase ; and on
the 18th September, 1784, he was admitted, speciali
gratid, a Fellow of the College. Dr. Huck Saunders
died 24th July, 1785, esteemed and lamented by all
who knew him."* He left two daughters : the elder of
whom became viscountess Melville ; the younger, coun-
tess of Westmoreland.f
* " Neque profecto fas erit incelebratum praeterire Saundersium,
limati siraul judicii, benignitatis singular-is atque eximiae, qui, eo
ipso, quo in societatem nostram ascriptus erat, anno e vita excessit :
cui neque incorrupta fides, nee humanitas summa, raorara indomitaa
morti afferret." Oratio ex Harvsei institute auctore Jac. Hervey.
t Duncan's Medical Commentaries, vol. x, p. 325.
348 BOLL OF THE [1784
SIR WILLIAM WATSON, M.D., was the son of a re-
spectable tradesman in St. John-street, Smithfield, and
was born in 1 7 1 5. He was educated at Merchant Taylors'
school, and in 1730 was apprenticed to Mr. Richardson,
an apothecary in the city. In 1738 he commenced
business for himself. His skill, activity, and diligence
in his profession, soon distinguished him among his
acquaintance, as did his taste for natural history and
his knowledge of natural philosophy among the members
of the Royal Society, of which he was elected a fellow in
1741. He devoted much attention to botany and elec-
tricity, and his writings on these subjects are numerous,
original, and valuable. His researches in electricity
were of so interesting a nature that they gave him the
undisputed lead in this branch of philosophy, and were
the means not only of raising him to a high degree of
estimation at home, but of extending his fame through-
out Europe. At that time it was no small achievement
in electricity to be able to fire spirits of wine. He was
the first in England who effected this, and he after-
wards fired inflammable air, gunpowder, and inflammable
oils by the same means. He was the first to note the
different colour of the spark as drawn from different
bodies, and to prove that electricity suffered no refrac-
tion in passing through glass ; that the power of elec-
tricity was not affected by the presence or absence of
fire, since the sparks were equally strong from a freez-
ing mixture as from red-hot iron ; that flame and smoke
were conductors of electricity, and that the stroke was
as the points of contact of the non-electrics on the out-
side of the glass. This last investigation led to the
coating of phials, in order to increase the power of accu-
mulation, and eminently qualified him to be the prin-
cipal actor in the celebrated experiments made on the
T names and at Shooter's-hill in 1747 and 1748, in one
of which the electric circuit was extended to four miles
in order to prove the velocity of its transmission. He
received the Copley Medal in 1745 for his " surprising
discoveries in electricity exhibited in his late experi-
1784] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 349
ments." Mr. Watson's house in Aldersgate-street be-
came the resort of the most ingenious and illustrious
experimental philosophers, that Europe could boast.
Several of the nobility attended to witness his experi-
ments ; there it was that amongst a large concourse of
people the duke of Cumberland, recently returned from
Scotland, took the shock with the point of the sword
with which he had fought the battle of Culloden ; and
on one occasion George the Third, when prince of Wales,
honoured him with his presence. The university of
Halle, to mark its sense of his merits, created him doctor
of medicine by diploma, bearing date 6th September,
1757 ; and the university of Wittemberg, about the
same time, conferred on him a similar honour. He now
removed from Aldersgate-street to Lincoln's-inn-fields.
Having been disfranchised from the Apothecaries' com-
pany, he commenced practice as a physician ; and after
the usual examinations was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1759. In
October, 1762, Dr. Watson was elected physician to
the Foundling hospital, which office he retained during
the remainder of his life. As Dr. Watson lived in in-
timacy with the most illustrious and learned members
of the Royal Society, so he was himself one of its most
active members, and ever zealous in promoting the ends
of that institution. For many years he was a frequent
member of the council, and during the presidentship of
Sir John Pringle was elected one of the vice-presidents.
On the 30th September, 1784, on the recommendation
of the President, he was elected, and on the 18th Octo-
ber next ensuing actually admitted a Fellow of our
College. He was Censor in 1785 and 1786. He was
knighted in 1786, but did not long survive that honour,
dying on the 10th May, 1787.
Sir William Watson's character was affectionately
and accurately drawn by his warm and constant friend,
Dr. Garthshore. "As a physician," writes he, "his
humanity, assiduity, and caution were eminently con-
spicuous ; and his exact observance of the duties of
350 ROLL OF THE [1785
social politeness must ever be remembered with plea-
sure by all those who enjoyed the happiness of his ac-
quaintance. The smile of benignity was always dis-
played on his countenance ; he invariably continued
the general, the ready, and the obliging friend of man-
kind ; he was respectful to the elder and superior, en-
couraging to the younger, and pleasant and easy to all
with whom he had any intercourse. The same affability
and good humour which adorned his character in public
life was preserved also in the bosom of his family, and
endeared him to all those who were more immediately
around him."' 55 ' Sir William Watson's portrait by Abbot
is at the Royal Society. It was engraved by Ryder.
He was the author of
Experiments and Observations on Electricity. 8vo. Lond. 1745.
Account of a Series of Experiments instituted with a view of
ascertaining the most successful Method of inoculating the Small-
pox. 8vo. Lond. 1768.
THOMAS KAKR, M.D., was admitted an Extra Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 24th January,
1785. He practised at Huntingdon, and died about
the year 1789.
ROBERT WILLAN, M.D., the founder of English der-
matology, was born on the 12th November, 1757, at
Hill, near Sedburgh, in Yorkshire, where his father,
Robert Willan, M.D., one of the society of Friends, and
the author of a sensible Essay on the King's Evil, 8vo.
Lond. 1746, was in the enjoyment of a wide reputation
and an extensive business. He received his general
education at Sedburgh ; his classical education at the
grammar school of that town under the Rev. Dr. Bate-
man, and his mathematical under Mr. Dawson. In both
of these departments he distinguished himself beyond
his fellows, and by the time he left school was deemed
* See Pulteney's Biographical Sketches.
1785] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 351
to excel his master, confessedly a good scholar, in a
critical knowledge of Greek. He commenced his me-
dical studies at Edinburgh in 1777, and graduated doc-
tor of medicine there 24th June, 1780 (D.M.I, de
Jecinoris Inflammatione). Dr. Willan then visited Lon-
don, and for one season attended lectures with great
assiduity. In 1781 he settled at Darlington, where he
published a small tract, entitled, " Observations on the
Sulphur Waters of Croft." But he soon removed to
London, and was appointed physician to the Public dis-
pensary on its establishment in the early part of 1783.
Dr. Willan was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 21st March, 1785.
The Public dispensar}', in the course of Dr. Willan's
tenure of office there, became a favourite school with
young physicians for instruction in the practical part of
their profession. His practice there was very nume-
rously attended, and many (it was said more than forty)
physicians who subsequently attained to a foremost place
in reputation and business in London and elsewhere,
were among his pupils. In 1796 Dr. Willan commenced
a series of monthly reports containing a brief account
of the weather and of the prevalent diseases in the me-
tropolis. These reports were published in the Monthly
Magazine, and were continued to the year 1800, when
he collected them into a small volume, and published
them under the title of " Reports on the Diseases of
London." The work is pregnant with original and im-
portant observations, especially on points of diagnosis.
In December, 1803, finding his increasing engagements
incompatible with the time and care he had always
given to the duties of the dispensary, he resigned his
office there. The governors of the charity, to mark
their gratitude for his services and their esteem for his
character, named him consulting physician, made him a
life governor, and presented him with a handsome piece
of plate.
Dr. Willan was an accomplished classical scholar, a
good antiquary, and a sound practical physician. He
352 ROLL OF THE [1785
was the first in this country to arrange diseases of the
skin in a clear and intelligible manner, and to fix their
nomenclature on a satisfactory and classical basis. He
thus facilitated the comprehension of a difficult depart-
ment of pathology, and invested the study of cutaneous
disease with an interest and popularity which have gone
on increasing to the present time. What were the cir-
cumstances which directed Dr. Willan's attention in an
especial manner to diseases of the skin is not known.
As early as 1784 and 1785, he had begun to attend to
the elementary forms of eruption. He saw that upon
that, or some such basis, could a definite nomenclature
alone be founded, and upon it at a later period he
erected the system developed in his great work. He
sought out, with untiring zeal, the original acceptation
of all the Greek, Roman, and Arabian terms applied to
eruptive diseases, and he finally founded his nomen-
clature on this basis. His arrangement and nomen-
clature were probably decided about the year 1789, as
in the following year his classification was laid before
the Medical Society of London, and honoured by the
award of the Fothergillian gold medal of 1790. The
practical utility of Willan's simple classification is re-
markably evidenced in the fact, that notwithstanding
the great advances made of late years in cutaneous me-
dicine, it is still used by the bulk of English practi-
tioners for all diagnostic purposes, as at once the most
simple and satisfactory mode of classing diseases of the
skin.
Dr. Willan's opus magnum, the Description and
Treatment of Cutaneous Diseases, 4to. Lond., was issued
in parts. The first part appeared in the beginning of
1798 ; the others at long and varying intervals ; the
last, which Dr. Willan lived to see through the press,
in 1808. A remaining part on Porrigo and Impetigo
was published separately after his death by his relative,
Dr. Ashby Smith, in 1814. The appearance of the first
part of this work established Dr. Willan's reputation,
and the emoluments he derived from his practice were
1785] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 353
thenceforward ample. . He was generally consulted by
persons labouring under cutaneous disease, and was, as
generally deferred to by his medical brethren, as the
ultimate appeal on these subjects. In 1810 Dr.Willan's
health began to give way, and after a time symptoms
of pulmonary consumption were developed. He went
to Madeira, and died there on the 12th April, 1812,
aged fifty-four. Dr. Willan " was one of the most amia-
ble of men, a sincere friend, a good husband, and an
affectionate father. He was, in truth, a model of the
perfect human character, a benevolent and skilful phy-
sician, a correct and sound philosopher, and a truly vir-
tuous man."*
Dr. Willan was elected a fellow of the Society of An-
tiquaries in 1791, and a fellow of the Royal Society in
1809. In addition to the works mentioned above, Dr.
Willan was the author of a valuable treatise " On Vac-
cine Inoculation." 4 to. Lond. 1806; and in 1821 there
appeared in one volume his " Miscellaneous Works ;
comprising an Inquiry into the Antiquity of Small-pox,
Measles, and Scarlet Fever ; Reports on the Diseases
of London, and detached papers on Medical Subjects.
Edited by Ashby Smith, M.D." 8vo. Lond.
DAVID PITCAIRN, M.D., was born the 1st May, 1749,
in Fifeshire, and was the eldest son of Major Pitcairn,
who was killed at the battle of Bunker's-hill, where he
commanded a corps of marines. He received his pre-
liminary education at the High school of Edinburgh,
when he was removed to the college of Glasgow, where
he continued some years in attendance on the general
classes. He next revisited Edinburgh, attended lec-
tures in the college there, and in 1773 was sent by his
uncle, Dr. William Pitcairn, president of the College of
Physicians, to Corpus Christi college, Cambridge, as a
member of which house he proceeded M.B. 1779 ; M.D,
1784. He settled in London as soon as he had taken
his bachelor's degree ; and on the 10th February, 1780,
* Gent. Mag., vol. Ixxxii, pfc. i, p. 595.
VOL. II. 2 A
354 KOLL OF THE [1785
was elected physician to St. Bartholomew's hospital.
Dr. David Pitcairn was admitted a Candidate of the
College of Physicians 9th August, 1784 ; and a Fellow,
15th August, 1785. He was Censor in 1785, 1786,
1791, 1796, 1806; Gulstonian lecturer and Harveian
orator in 1786; and Elect, llth March, 1806. "The
success of Dr. Pitcairn in practice (writes Dr. Mac-
michael) was great ; and though one or two other phy-
sicians might possibly derive more pecuniary emolument
than himself, certainly no one was so frequently re-
quested by his brethren to afford his aid in cases of dif-
ficulty. He was perfectly candid in his opinions, and
very frank in acknowledging the extent of his confidence
in the efficacy of medicine. To a young friend who had
very recently graduated, and who had accompanied him
from London to visit a lady ill of consumption in the
country, and who, on their return, was expressing his
surprise at the apparent inertness of the prescription,
which had been left behind (which was nothing more
than infusion of roses with a little additional mineral
acid), he made this reply : ' The last thing a physician
learns, in the course of his experience, is to know when
to do nothing, but quietly to wait and allow nature and
time to have fair play in checking the progress of dis-
ease and gradually restoring the strength and health of
the patient.' His manner was simple, gentle, and dig-
nified ; from his kindness of heart he was frequently
led to give more attention to his patients than could
well be demanded from a physician ; and as this evi-
dently sprung from no interested motive, he often ac-
quired considerable influence over those whom he had
attended during sickness. No medical man, indeed, of
his eminence in London, perhaps, ever exercised his
profession to such a degree gratuitously. Besides, few
persons ever gained so extensive an acquaintance with
the various orders of society. He associated much with
gentlemen of the law, had a taste for the fine arts, and
his employment as a physician to the largest hospital in
the kingdom made known to him a very great number
1785] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 355
of persons of every rank and description in life. His
person was tall and erect ; his countenance during youth
was a model of manly beauty ; and even in advanced
life he was accounted remarkably handsome. But the
prosperous views that all these combined advantages
might reasonably open to him were not of long en-
durance.
Ill health obliged him to give up his profession, and
quit his native country. He embarked for Lisbon in
the summer of 1798, where a stay of eighteen months
in the mild climate of Portugal, during which period
there was no recurrence of the spitting of blood with
which he had been affected, emboldened him to return
to England, and for a few years more resume the prac-
tice of his profession. But his health continued delicate
and precarious ; arid in the spring of the year 1809 he
fell a victim to a disease that had hitherto escaped the
observation of medical men. Pitcairn, though he had
acquired great practical knowledge, and had made many
original observations upon the history and treatment of
diseases, never published anything himself; but the
peculiar and melancholy privilege was reserved for him.
to enlighten his profession in the very act of dying.
On the 13th of April he complained of a soreness in
his throat ; which, however, he thought so lightly of
that he continued his professional visits during that
and the two following days. In the night of the 1 5th
his throat became worse, in consequence of which he
was copiously bled at his own desire, and had a large
blister applied over his throat. On the evening of the
16th Dr. Baillie called upon him accidentally, not
having been apprised of his illness ; and, indeed, even
then observed no symptom that indicated danger. But
the disease advanced in the course of that night, and a
number of leeches were applied to the throat early in
the morning. At eleven o'clock in the forenoon Dr.
Baillie again saw him. His countenance was now sunk,
his pulse feeble and unequal, his breathing laborious,
and his voice nearly gone. In this lamentable state he
2 A 2
356 ROLL OF THE [1785
wrote upon a piece of paper that he conceived his wind-
pipe to be the principal seat of his complaint, and that
this was the croup. The tonsils were punctured, some
blood obtained, and a little relief appeared to have been
derived from the operation. Between four and five
o'clock in the afternoon, his situation seemed consider-
ably improved, but soon afterwards a slight drowsiness
came on. At eight, the patient's breatliing became
suddenly more difficult, and in a few minutes he was
dead. This was the first case of this peculiar affection
of the throat that has been distinctly recognised and
described. It was an inflammation of the larynx, or
upper part of the windpipe, of so insidious a nature as
hitherto to have passed unnoticed."* Dying on the
17th of April, 1809, in Craig's-court, Charing-cross, he
was buried at St. Bartholomew's-the-less, in the same
vault with his father, Major Pitcairn, whose remains
had been brought from Bunker's-hill, and his uncle,
William Pitcairn, M.D. Dr. Pitcairnt is commemorated
by a mural tablet in the church of Hadham Magna,
co. Herts, which bears the following brief inscription :
* The Gold-Headed Cane. 2nd ed. 8vo. Lond. 1828, p. 230.
f Pitcairnus de patria bene meritus est, qui valetudinario sancti
BartholomaBi plures annos singular! laude pra3fuit : in quo pauperes
pene innumerabiles cura sublevavit, multosque discipulos, praeceptis
ex re natis, ad medicinam faciendam optime institnit. Nam fuit in
illo gravitas et autoritas, quanta magistrum decet ; simul gratia et
probitas, quibus discentium animos mire ad se allexit. Postea, re-
lictis publicis muneribus, cum ad privata totum se converterat,
inter summi ordinis segros occupatissimus vixit, donee ad versa
valetndo, ut sibi caveret, monuisset. Tune sine mora Ulyssipponem
se subduxit, ubi otium perinde ac salutem reciperet. Inde ut rediit,
paucos modo curare constituit, neque, ut ante, mediis negotiorum
fluctibus si implicari sivit. Medicinam tamen adhuc exercebat,
crescente etiam eetate vegetior factus, cum hominem temperantem,
summum medicum, tantus improvise morbus oppresserit, ut prse-
clusis inflammatione et tumore faucibus, vix diem unum atque
alterum superesset. Lugeamus, amici, sortem humanum ! lugea-
mus socios amissos ! vel potius eorum sic meminerimus, ut quoties
cunque de clarissmis et beatissimis viris cogitemus, nosmetipsos ad
virtutem accendere, et ad omnem fortunam paratiores praestare
videamur. Oratio Harveiana habita die Octobris xviii, A.D. MDCCCIX,
a Gulielmo Heberden. P. 23.
1785] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 357
To the memory of DAVID PITCAIKN, M.D., F.R.S., S.A., who de-
parted this life April 17th, 1809, aged fifty- nine years.
An excellent portrait of Dr. Pitcairn, by Hoppner, is
in the College.""" It was engraved by Bragg.
FKANCIS BIOLLAY, M.D., was born in Brittany, and
at a fitting age was entered at Trinity college, Dublin,
where he took the degree of bachelor of arts ; when,
removing to Oxford, he was incorporated on that de-
gree as a member of Hertford college ; and proceeded
A.M. 29th April, 1780; M.B. 23rd March, 1782;
M.D. 13th July, 1785. He was admitted a Candidate
of the College of Physicians, 9th August, 1784 ; and a
Fellow, loth August, 1785 ; was Gulstonian lecturer
and Harveian orator in 1787 ; and Croonian lecturer in
1788, 1789, 1790. In 1791 he left London and settled
at Margate. Dr. Biollay died, probably, in 1797. He
was the author of
A Letter to Dr. Hardy on the Hints he has given concerning the
Origin of Gout in his late publication on the Devonshire Colic. 8vo.
Lond. 1778.
The Doctrines and Practice of Hippocrates in Surgery and Physic.
8vo. Lond. 1783.
* The portrait was bequeathed to the College by Elizabeth, the
widow of Dr. David Pitcairn, and only daughter of William Al-
mack, esq., by her will, dated llth August, 1837 : " I give and
bequeath to the Royal College of Physicians in London the portrait
of my beloved husband, Dr. David Pitcairn, painted by Hoppner ;
and also the portrait of Dr. William Pitcairn, painted by Sir Joshua
Reynolds, and also the portrait of Dr. Matthew Baillie, painted by
Sir Thomas Lawrence. I give and bequeath to Sir Ralph An-
struther, bart., my picture of his great-grandfather, Dr. Archibald
Pitcairn, painted by Sir John Medina. I give to his brother,
Hamilton Lloyd Anstruther, esq., my little silver cup with the
Greek motto, that was his great-grandfather's, Dr. Archibald Pit-
cairn." In 1844 a request was made by Sir John Campbell that
the portraits above-mentioned might be allowed to remain in tho
possession of the relatives and legal representatives of the deceased,
but the College resolved that an answer should be returned to the
effect that " The President and Fellows do not feel themselves
entitled to alienate from the College the portraits of three of its
most highly-esteemed fellows, which had been bequeathed in so
kind a manner to the College."
358 ROLL OF THE [1785
A Critical Introduction to the Study of Fevers. 8vo. Lond.
1788.
WILLIAM MACKINEN FEASER, M.D., was born in the
island of Antigua, and received his medical education
at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine
12th June, 1775 (D.M.T. de Sanguinis Detractione).
He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 30th September, 1785. In 179 9, after practising
successively at Southampton and Bath, he removed to
London ; and a short time before his death, which oc-
curred at Shornbrook, near Bedford, on the 22nd Sep-
tember, 1807, had been honoured with the appoint-
ment of physician extraordinary to the prince of Wales.
WILLIAM ROBERTSON, M.D. A doctor of medicine
of St. Andrew's of 24th April, 1779 ; was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1785. He died at Bath 19th January, 1837.
JOHN POTTER, M.D., was born in Oxfordshire, and
educated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of
medicine 24th June, 1784 (D.M.I, de Sedentarise Vitse
Malis). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 30th September, 1785.
SAMUEL FERRIS, M.D., was born in Wiltshire, and
began the study of medicine by an apprenticeship to a
surgeon -apothecary in Hertfordshire; after which he
came to London, and attended the lectures of Dr. Wil-
liam Hunter. He completed his studies at Edinburgh,
where 'he obtained a prize medal in 1784, for an ex-
perimental examination of the properties of milk. He
took his degree of doctor of medicine 13th September,
1784 (D.M.I, de Sanguinis per Corpus Vivum circulan-
tis Putredine) ; was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 30th September, 1785, and then
went to reside at Missenden in Buckinghamshire, but
soon removed to London, where he remained for some
years. He was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society
1786] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 359
in April, 1797. In the beginning of 1800 he was com-
pelled by an increasing asthma to leave town. Re-
turning to Buckinghamshire, he took up his residence
at Beaconsfield, where he practised with great success,
and was appointed a magistrate of the county. Dr.
Ferris died at Exmouth, Devon, 18th September, 1831.
He was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and the
author of
A Dissertation on Milk, in which an attempt is made to ascertain
its Natural Use, and explain its Effects in the Cure of Various
Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1785.
A General View of the establishment of Physic as a Science in
England by the incorporation of the College of Physicians of Lon-
don. 8vo. Lond. 1795.
WILLIAM LANSDALE was admitted an Extra-Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 14th February, 1786.
He settled in Maryland, and his name is continued on
the College list until 1833.
JOHN ATKINSON was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the College 24th February, 1786. He practised at
Leicester, and died about the year 1788.
SIR WILLIAM FORDYCE, M.D., was the brother of
Dr. John Fordyce before mentioned (Roll, vol. ii, p. 212),
was born at Aberdeen in 1724, and educated at Maris-
chal college. His medical knowledge was probably
acquired at Edinburgh, as I see he was admitted a
member of the Medical Society of that city 22nd De-
cember, 1744. He joined the army as a volunteer, and
afterwards served as surgeon on the coast of France and
in the wars of Germany. Upon the establishment of
peace he settled as a surgeon in London, and attained
to considerable business. In 1770 he was created doc-
tor of medicine at Cambridge by royal mandate, and
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
10th April, 1786. He was knighted by George the
Third in 1787, and died at his house in Brook-street,
Grosvenor-square, after a long and severe illness, 4th
360 ROLL OF THE [1736
December, 1792, aged sixty-eight. He was the author
of
A Review of the Venereal Disease and its Remedies. 8vo. Lond.
1767.
A new Inquiry into the Causes, Symptoms, and Cure of Putrid
and Inflammatory Fevers, with an Appendix on the Hectic Fever
and on the Ulcerated Sore Throat. 8vo. Lond. 1773.
The great Importance and proper Method of cultivating and
curing Rhubarb in Britain for Medical Uses. 8vo. Lond. 1784.
Fragmenta Chirurgica et Medica. 8vo. Lond. 1784.
A Letter to Sir John Sinclair on the Virtues of Muriatic Acid in
curing Putrid Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1790.
JOHN GRIEVE, M.D. A native of Peebles-shire and a
doctor of medicine of Glasgow of 2nd October, 1777 ;
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
10th April, 1786. He was admitted a fellow of the
Royal Society 5th June, 1794. Dr. Grieve settled in
Russia ; and his name disappears from the College List
in 1807.
JOSEPH PHELAN, M.D. A native of King's county,
Ireland, and a doctor of medicine of Glasgow of 25th
July, 1785 ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 10th April, 1786.
GEORGE BUXTON, M.D.,was born in Middlesex, 14th
December, 1730, and was the son of Charles Buxton of
Braxtead, co. Essex, by his wife Hannah, daughter of
George Read of London, esq. He was educated at Edin-
burgh, where he took his degree of doctor of medicine
9th July, 1756 (D.M.I, de Amaurosi). He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 26th
June, 1786. Dr. Buxton was a fellow of the Royal
Society, and practised for some time at Chelmsford,
whence he removed to Greenwich, where he died, 1st
January, 1805, in his seventy-fifth year.
WILLIAM BUTTER, M.D., was born in the Orkneys
in 1726, and educated at Edinburgh, where he gradu-
1786] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 361
ated doctor of medicine 16th September, 1761 (D.M.I.
de Arteriotomia). He was admitted a fellow of the
College of Physicians of Edinburgh 1st November,
1763 ; and about that time settled at Derby, where he
practised for several years, and acquired a moderate
fortune. He removed to London in 1782 ; was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 26th
June, 1786 ; and died at his house in Lower Grosvenor-
street, 23rd March, 1805. We have from his pen
A method of Cure for the Stone, chiefly by Injections; -with De-
scriptions and Delineations of the Instruments contrived for those
purposes. 12mo. Edinb. 1754.
Dissertatio de Frigore quatenus Morborum Causa. 8vo. Edinb.
1757.
A Treatise on the Kink Cough, with an Account of Hemlock
and its Preparations. 8vo. Lond. 1773.
An Account of Puerperal Fevers as they appear in Derbyshire.
8vo. Lond. 1775.
A Treatise on the Infantile Remittent Fever. 8vo. Lond. 1782.
An Improved Method of Opening the Temporal Artery, and a
New Proposal for Extracting the Cataract. 8vo. Lond. 1783.
A Treatise on the Disease commonly called Angina Pectoris.
8vo. Lond. 1791.
A Treatise on the Venereal Rose. 8vo. Lond. 1799.
THEODORE FORBES LEITH, M.D., was the second son
of John Forbes, esq. (who assumed as heir to his
mother the additional surname of Leith), by his wife
Jean, eldest daughter of Theodore Morrison of Bogny,
and was born in the county of Aberdeen. He gradu-
ated doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1 2th September,
1768 (D.M.I, de Delirio Febrili) ; and was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 26th June, 1786.
He was a fellow of the Royal Society, and is represented
as a person of extensive scientific attainments. After
practising for many years at Greenwich he retired to
Scotland. He succeeded on the death of his elder
brother in 1806, to the family estate of Whitehaugh,
in his native county, where he died 6th September,
1819, in the seventy -fourth year of his age, from lock-
jaw, consequent on fracture of the collar-bone. He had
362 ROLL OF THE [1786
married in 1776 Mario d'Arboine, a French lady of
ancient family, and had by her three sons and three
daughters.*
GEORGE SANDEMAN, M.D., was born in Perthshire,
and received his medical education at Edinburgh, where
he graduated doctor of medicine 12th September, 1769
(D.M.I, de Rheo Palmato). He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 26th June, 1786 ; and
died at his house in Red Lion-square 13th November,
1818, in the seventy-second year of his age. He was
buried in Bunhill-fields.
WILLIAM LOWDER, M.D., was born at Southampton,
and graduated doctor of medicine at Aberdeen 6th
March, 1775. He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 26th June, 1786. Dr. Lowder
practised midwifery, arid was a well-known lecturer on
that subject in St. Saviour's churchyard, Southwark.
He died at his house in Upper East Hayes, 24th
October, 1801.
THOMAS DALE, M.D., was the son of an American
physician, who was not only a member of the Upper
House of Assembly, but also a judge and justice of the
peace at Charlestown, in South Carolina. Dr. Dale
left America at an early age, and received his preli-
minary education at St. Paul's school ; whence he pro-
ceeded to Edinburgh, where, after a residence of five
years, he took his degree of doctor of medicine 12th
June, 1775 (D.M.I, de Erysipelate). He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 26th June,
1786, and for along series of years maintained a highly
respectable position in the city of London. He died
at his house in Devonshire-square, Bishopsgate, 21st
February, 1816, aged sixty-seven, and was buried in
Bunhill-fields. Dr. Dale was a good classical scholar,
and was well acquainted with most of the European
* Bnrke's Landed Gentry, sub nomine, Forbes of Tolquhon.
1786] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 363
languages. He was one of the eight persons who in-
stituted the Literary Fund. In 1790 he accepted the
honorary office of registrar of the society, the duties of
which he performed with great zeal for many years.
PHILIP PITT WALSH, M.D. A native of Ireland, and
a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 12th September,
1780 (D.M.I, de Luis Venereae Stadio confirmato) ; was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 26th
June, 1786. He practised chiefly as an accoucheur, de-
livered lectures on midwifery, and was physician to the
British Lying-in hospital. He was the author of
"Practical Observations on Puerperal Fever," 8vo.
Lond. 1787 ; and died at his house in Ely-place 25th
December, 1787.
WILLIAM BLACKBUHNE, M.D., was born at Rich-
mond in Yorkshire, and was the son of the Rev.
Francis Blackburne, rector of that town, and arch-
deacon of Cleveland. He was educated at Edinburgh,
o *
where he took the degree of doctor of medicine 24th
June, 1781 (D.M.I, de Sale). He practised for a short
time at Durham, but soon removed to London ; and was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 26th
June, 1786. He was elected physician to the West-
minster hospital in 1791, but resigned that office in
1794. He died at Eastcot-house, near Wells, co. So-
merset, on the 9th April, 1835, in the eightieth year of
his age. He was buried at Wookey, and in the north
aisle of the church there is a mural tablet bearing the
following inscription :
Sacred to the memory of
WILLIAM BLACKBURNE, M.D.,
who was of an ancient family of Yorkshire,
the last surviving son of FRANCIS BLACKBURNE,
Archdeacon of Cleveland and rector of Richmond, in the county of
York.
He was born in that town on the 25th of October, 1 755.
After the successful practice of his profession in London for
many years, he retired to this village, in which he dedicated his
364 ROLL OF THE [1786
skill and experience chiefly to the relief of his poorer neighbours ;
and where he died on the 9th of April, 1835.
SIR JOHN MACNAMARA HAYES, BART, M.D. A na-
tive of Limerick, and a doctor of medicine of Rheims of
20th March, 1784 ; was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 26th June, 1786. He had served
with distinction as a surgeon in the army, but at the
time of his admission by the College was one of the
physicians to the forces. He was appointed physician
extraordinary to the prince of Wales in 1791 ; and was
elected physician to the Westminster hospital in 1792,
but resigned his office there in 1794. He was created
a baronet in 1797 ; and at the time of his death, which
occurred 19th July, 1809, from acute laryngitis, was
inspector-general of the military department at Wool-
wich. Sir John Macnamara Hayes was buried at St.
James's, Piccadilly. A small mural monument, on the
north side of the church under the gallery, bears the
following inscription :
Sacred to the Memory of
SIR JOHN MACNAMARA HAYES, Baronet,
Inspector- General of the Medical Department in the Ordnance.
Sir John was raised to the Baronetage
in 1797, as a reward for his services, and
died in 1809, aged fifty-nine, beloved and respected
by all who knew him.
His portrait, by Medley, was engraved by N. Bran-
white.
THOMAS SAVAGE, M.D. A native of Staffordshire,
and a doctor of medicine of Rheims, of 5th June, 1753 ;
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
26th June, 1786. He enjoyed a large obstetric practice,
and died at his house in Conduit-street, 14th March,
1804, in the eightieth year of his age.
JOHN COOPER, M.D. A native of Kidderminster,
and a doctor of medicine of St. Andrew's, of 21st June,
178G] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 365
1779 ; was admitted by the College a Licentiate in Mid-
wifery 26th June, 1786.
EGBERT KNOX, M.D., was a native of Edinburgh,
and a doctor of medicine of St. Andrew's, of 5th March,
1750. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 1st April, 1765, and was then physician to
the army. Dr. Knox was elected physician to the
Middlesex hospital 10th February, 1769. In 1779 he
was ordered, to America, and obtained leave of absence
from the governors of the hospital. He resigned his
hospital appointment in October, 1782. On the 26th
June, 1786, he was admitted a Fellow of the College,
speciali gratia ; and was Censor in 1790. He died at
his house in Mortimer-street, Cavendish-square, 22nd
May, 1792.
JULIAN GARTNER HALL was admitted an Extra-Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 27th June, 1786.
He practised at Ludlow.
ROBERT BLAND, M.D., was born at Lynn Regis, and
was the son of Mr. David Bland, an attorney in that
town. He was educated in London for a surgeon, in
which capacity he practised for some years. He was
created doctor of medicine by the university of St.
Andrew's 4th December, 1778 ; and was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1786. Dr. Bland practised chiefly as an accoucheur,
and contributed to Rees' Cyclopaedia all the articles
relating to midwifery. He died at his house in Lei-
cester-square, 29th June, 1816, aged seventy-six. He
was the author of
Some Calculations of the Number of Accidents or Deaths which
happen from Parturition. 4to. Lond. 1781.
Observations on Human and Comparative Parturition. 8vo.
Lond. 1794.
Proverbs, chiefly taken from the Adagia of Erasmus, with ex-
planations ; and illustrated by Examples from the Spanish, Italian,
French, and English languages. 2 vols 12mo. Lond. 1814.
366 ROLL OF THE [1786
WILLIAM HAMILTON, M.D., was born at Strabane, co.
Tyrone, in 1758, and educated at Glasgow, where he
passed through the curriculum of arts, and then pro-
ceeded to Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of
medicine 24th June, 1779 (D.M.I, de Sanguine Hu-
mano). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 30th September, 1786 ; was elected phy-
sician to the London hospital 5th December, 1787,
and died at his house in Old Broad-street 5th May,
1807.
JOHN H AMMAN, M.D., was born in Kent, and gra-
duated doctor of medicine at Leyden, 22nd September,
1785. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1786; was elected physician
to the Middlesex hospital 15th October, 1789 ; and died
23rd July, 1793.
f
JOHN SQUIRE,. M.D., was born in Suffolk, and edu-
cated at the grammar school of Lavenham, of which
parish his father was for many years rector. He studied
medicine at the London hospitals ; was appointed sur-
geon to the army ; and was present at the three impor-
tant sieges of Louisburgh, Quebec, and the Havannah.
He was created doctor of medicine by the university of
Aberdeen 6th September, 1765 ; and, eventually set-
tling in London, and devoting himself to the practice of
midwifery, was elected physician to the Maternity
Charity; and on the 30th September, 1786, was ad-
mitted by the College of Physicians a Licentiate in Mid-
wifery. He died very suddenly on the 28th August,
1816, aged eighty-four. At the instant of his death
he was engaged in the exercise of his profession, assist-
ing a medical friend at the delivery of a patient, whose
labour was attended with circumstances of much diffi-
culty and danger, and whilst so occupied expired in an
instant without a sigh or a struggle. He was buried in
a vault at St. Andrew's, Holborn. Dr. Squire, in con-
junction with his friend Mr. Chamberlaine, was the
1787] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 367
founder of the Society for the Relief of the Widows and
Orphans of Medical Men in London and its vicinity.*
THOMAS GALLEY, M.D., was born in Lancashire.
Educated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of
medicine 24th June, 178 5 (D.M.I, de Tussi Convulsiva),
he was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians 22nd December, 1786. Dr. Galley must have
died within a few months of his admission, as his name
does not appear in the College list for 1787.
WILLIAM BLACK, M.D., was born in Ireland, and re-
ceived his medical education at Leyden, where he pro-
ceeded doctor of medicine 20th March, 1772 (D.M.I. de
Diagnosi, Prognosi, et Causis Mortis in Febribus). He
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
2nd April, 1787, and died at Hammersmith in Decem-
ber, 1829, in the eightieth year of his age. He was
the author of
Observations Medical and Political on the Small-pox, the Advan-
tages and Disadvantages of general Inoculation, and on the Morta-
lity of Mankind at every Age. 8vo. Lond. 1781.
An Historical Sketch of Medicine and Surgery from their Origin
to the Present time. 8vo. Lond. 1782.
A Comparative View of the Mortality of the Human Species at
all Ages. 8vo. Lond. 1788.
Reasons for Preventing the French, under the Mask of Liberty,
from Trampling on Europe. 8vo. Lond. 1792.
A new edition of General Monk's Observations on Military and
Political Affairs. 8vo. Lond. 1796.
A Dissertation on Insanity, extracted from between Two and
Three Thousand Cases in Bedlam. 8vo. Lond. 1810.
ANDREW THYNNE, M.D. A native of Ireland, and
a doctor of medicine of Rheims of 22nd August, 1775 ;
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
2nd April, 1787. He was in much esteem as an ac-
coucheur, was lecturer on midwifery at St. Bartholo-
mew's hospital, and physician to the Westminster Ly-
* Gent. Mag. for 1816, vol. Ixxxvi, part ii, p. 285.
3G8 ROLL OF THE [1787
ing-iii hospital. He died in St. George's-fields towards
the end of 1813, aged sixty-four.
DAVID BAYFORD, M.D., was born in Hertfordshire,
and educated as a surgeon. He became a member of
the Corporation of Surgeons, and practised in that ca-
pacity for some years at Lewes. He was admitted a
fellow of the Eoyal Society 10th May, 1770 ; was
created doctor of medicine by the archbishop of Canter-
bury, Dr. Cornwallis, 12th April, 1782 ; and, having
been disfranchised as a surgeon, was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 2nd April, 1787.
BENJAMIN MOSELEY, M.D., was descended from an
ancient family in Lancashire, but was born in Essex.
He received his professional education in London and
Paris. On its completion he embarked for Jamaica, and
soon after his arrival was appointed surgeon-general of
the island. He remained there some years, attained a
high reputation, and accumulated a considerable for-
tune. .Returning to England, he obtained the degree
of doctor of medicine from the university of St.
Andrew's 12th May, 1784. In the following year he
settled in London as a physician, and was admitted a
Licentiate of the College 2nd April, 1787. On the
death of Dr. Mousey, 1788, he was appointed, through
the influence of lord Mulgrave, physician to Chelsea
hospital, an office which he filled with the highest eclat
for more than thirty years. Dr. Moseley died at South-
end 25th September, 1819. His remains were interred
at Chelsea. Though a shrewd practitioner, and undeni-
ably a man of extensive mental capacity and very con-
siderable attainments, Dr. Moseley was a violent oppo-
nent of vaccination. His communications on this sub-
ject to the periodical press were incessant. They did
little credit to his medical penetration or his qualifica-
tions as a dispassionate searcher after truth, and, hap-
pily for his reputation, are now well-nigh forgotten.
His published works are
1787] EOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 369
Observations on the Properties and Effects of Coffee. 8vo. Lond
1775.
A Treatise on Tropical Diseases ; on Military Operations ; and on
the Climate of the West Indies. 8vo. Lond. 1785.
A Treatise on Sugar. 8vo. Lond. 1799.
A Treatise on the Lues Bovilla, or Cow-pox. 8vo. Lond. 1801.
On Hydrophobia, its Prevention and Cure. 8vo. Lond. 1808.
A Review of the Report of the Royal College of Physicians of
London on Vaccination. 8vo. Lond. 1808.
THOMAS SKEETE, M.D., was born in Barbadoes.
After studying for six years with Mr. Farre, an eminent
surgeon in the island, the father of Dr. John Richard
Farre, a well-known London physician, to be subse-
quently mentioned, he was sent to England, and en-
tered as a pupil at Guy's hospital. He then proceeded
to Edinburgh, and after a two years' course of study in
that university removed to Glasgow, and graduated
doctor of medicine there on the 8th February, 1785.
Dr. Skeete settled in London ; was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 2nd April, 1787;
and was elected physician to Guy's hospital in 1788.
He died from disease of the liver 29th May, 1789, aged
thirty -two. He was the author of
A Treatise on Peruvian Bark. 8vo. Lond. 1786.
A Representation of the Uncandid and Extraordinary Conduct of
John Coakley Lettsom at the Election for Physician to the Finsbury
Dispensary. 8vo. Lond. 1786.
WILLIAM JAMES MACNEVEN, M.D. An Irishman,
and a doctor of medicine of Vienna of 2nd June, 1785 ;
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
2nd April, 1787. He practised in Dublin, and was the
author of
An Essay on the Use and Construction of the Mine Auger, from
the German of Mr. G-eise. 8vo. Lond. 1788.
JOHN CLARKE, M.D., was born in 1758 at Welling-
borough in Northamptonshire, and was the son of
Mr. John Clarke, a surgeon of that town. He was
educated at St. Paul's school, of which he rose to be
VOL. II. 2 B
370 ROLL OF THE [1787
" captain." His medical education was obtained at St.
George's hospital, and by attendance on the lectures of
the two Hunters, Dr. George Fordyce, Dr. Osborne,
and Dr. Denman, with the two latter of whom he was
afterwards associated as a lecturer on midwifery. He
became a member of the Corporation of Surgeons, and
then commenced business in Chancery-lane, where he
soon began to reap the fruits of his exertions both as
a teacher and practitioner. As a lecturer on midwifery,
he speedily gained a deservedly high reputation ; his
lectures contained a fund of information ; the principles
of the art were clearly and succinctly developed, and
his practical precepts were precise, well considered, and
in the highest degree judicious. He was chiefly soli-
citous to simplify the management of difficult cases and
improve the after treatment : and how well he suc-
ceeded, our best obstetrical writers bear ample testi-
mony. He was a good classical scholar, a man of in-
domitable industry and perseverance, and possessed of
all the other elements for success as a practitioner. To
great acuteness of perception was added a promptitude
in action and a fertility of resources vvhich obtained for
him the confidence of patients and the admiration of
the profession. His progress was rapid, and for many
years he was confessedly at the head of bis particular
department of practice. He was admitted by the Col-
lege of Physicians a Licentiate in Midwifery on the 2nd
April, 1787, and shortly afterwards removed from Chan-
cery-lane to the West-end. About the year 1791 he
obtained a degree of doctor of medicine from one of
the Scotch universities. Dr. Clarke eventually with-
drew from the practice of midwifery, resigning that
portion of his business to his brother Mr., subsequently
Sir Charles Mansfield Clarke, bart., M.D., and thence-
forward limited his attention to the diseases of women
and children. For some time before his death, which
occurred in August, 1815, from organic disease of the
stomach and ascites, Dr. Clarke had withdrawn in great
measure from practice, and resided during half the year
17S7J ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 371
in the country. He was physician to the Lying-in hos-
pital in Store-street, and to the Asylum for Female
Orphans, and was for some years lecturer on midwifery
at St. Bartholomew's hospital. He sent two papers to
the Royal Society, and was the author of
An Essay on the Epidemic Disease of Lying-in "Women in 1787-8.
4to. Lend. 1788.
Practical Essays on Pregnancy and Labour and the Diseases of
Lying-in Women. 8vo. Lond. 1793.
Commentaries on some of the most important Diseases of Children.
8vo. Lond. 1815.
" The London Practice of Midwifery" was an attempt
by an anonymous compiler to give the substance of Dr.
Clarke's lectures, one of the excellencies of which (as I
was informed by the late Sir Charles Clarke) consisted
in a successful attempt to illustrate his subject by fami-
liar analogies. Dr. Clarke's bust, by Chantry, is at-
Lockleys, Welwyn, co. Herts, the seat of George
Edward Dering, esq.
JAMES ROBERTSON BARCLAY, M.D., was born in Fife-
shire, and educated at Balliol college, Oxford, where he
took the two degrees in arts, A.B. 19th April, 1776 ;
A.M. 10th October, 1778; and in April, 1780, was
elected one of the RadclifFe travelling fellows. As a
member of University college he proceeded M.B. 10th
October, 1783 ; M.D, 20th October, 1783 ; was admit-
ted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 10th April;
1786 ; and a Fellow, 25th June, 1787. He was Censor
in 1787, 1792, 1800; Gulstonian lecturer, 1788; Har-
veian orator, 1789 ; Croonian lecturer, 1791 ; and was
named an Elect 29th December, 1800. He was elected
physician to St. George's hospital 27th May, 1785, and
continued in that office until 1800. He was admitted
a feUow of the Royal Society 18th November, 1790 ;
was appointed physician extraordinary to the princess
of Wales in 1799 ; and died, I believe, in 1827. He
changed his name from Robertson to Barclay in Octo-
ber, 1799.
2 B 2
372 ROLL OF THE [1787
MARTIN WALL, M.D., was born at Worcester, and
was the son of John Wall, M.D., a distinguished phy-
sician of that city. He was educated at Winchester,
whence he was elected to New college, Oxford ; and as
a member of that house proceeded A.B. 17th June,
1767; A.M. 2nd July, 1771; M.B. 9th June, 1773;
M.D. 9th April, 1777. He studied medicine also at
Edinburgh and at St. Bartholomew's hospital. In 1774
Dr. Wall commenced practice as a physician at Oxford ;
and on the 2nd November, 1775, was elected physician
to the Radcliffe infirmary. In 1781 he was appointed
reader in chemistry ; and on the death of Dr. Parsons,
in 1785, was, after a sharp contest, elected lord Lich-
field's professor of clinical medicine. He was admitted
a fellow of the Royal Society 5th June, 1788. Dr. Wall
was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
26th June, 1786 ; a Fellow, 25th June, 1787. He de-
livered the Harveian oration in 1788. Dr. Wall died
21st June, 1824, in his seventy-eighth year. He con-
tributed some curious papers to the " Transactions of
the Manchester Literary Society," and published the
following works :
The Medical Tracts of John Wall, M.D., collected, with the
Author's Life. 8vo. Oxford. 1780.
Dissertations on Select Subjects in Chemistry and Medicine.
8vo. Oxford. 1783.
Clinical Observations on the Use of Opium in Slow Fevers. 8vo.
Oxford. 1786.
Malvern Waters : being a republication of Cases formerly collected
by John Wall, M.D., and since illustrated by his Son. 8vo. 1806.
JOHN LITTLEHALES, M.D., was born in Shropshire,
and educated at Pembroke college, Oxford, as a mem-
ber of which he took the two degrees in arts, A.B. 15th
June, 1775; A.M. 30th April, 1778; when, coming
before the College of Physicians, he was, on the 25th
June, 1778, admitted an Extra-Licentiate. He then
settled at Winchester ; and, accumulating his degrees
in physic, proceeded M.D. at Oxford 9th July, 1782.
He was admitted a Candidate of the College of Physi-
1787] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 373
cians 26th June, 1786 ; and a Fellow, 25th June, 1787.
He was physician to the Winchester hospital ; and died
2nd January, ]810, aged fifty-seven years. A monu-
ment to his memory in Winchester cathedral bears the
folio whig inscription :
Near to this place are deposited the remains of
JOHN LITTLEHALES, M.D.,
Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians,
and formerly of Pembroke College, Oxford.
His eminent professional talents,
by the blessing of Divine Providence,
were successfully exerted with a generosity so distinguished,
and beneficence to the poor so diffusive and unwearied,
amidst a very extended practice,
that his decease was an event most deeply regretted and lamented.
The principal inhabitants of Winchester and its neighbourhood,
have erected this monument,
as a public record of their affectionate gratitude
to the memory of their friend and benefactor :
but from the Saviour of the world,
whose faith he adorned by a life devoted to Christian benevolence,
he will receive his final reward.
He departed this life the 2nd of January, 1810, aged 57 years.
GEORGE FORDYCE, M.D., was born at Aberdeen 18th
November, 1736. He was the posthumous and only
child of Mr. George Fordyce, the possessor of a small
landed estate called JBroadfbrd, in the neighbourhood of
that city. He received his school education at Fouran,
and was transferred thence to the university of Aber-
deen, where he was created master of arts when only
fourteen years of age. Having evinced a partiality for
the medical profession, he was sent, when fifteen years
of age, to his uncle Dr. John Fordyce, who was then
practising at Uppingham, in Rutlandshire. He re-
mained with him for some years, and then proceeded
to Edinburgh, where he was one of the earliest and
most favoured pupils of Dr. Cullen. He graduated doc-
tor of medicine there the 13th October, 1758 (D.M.I,
de Catarrho). Dr. Fordyce then came to London to
continue his studies in anatomy under Dr. William
Hunter, and in botany at the Chelsea gardens. In the
374 ROLL OF THE [1787
autumD (of 1759) he went over to Leyden for the ex-
press purpose of studying anatomy under Albinus, and
pathology under Gaubius. Returning to London, he at
once commenced a course of lectures on chemistry. This
was attended by nine pupils. In 1764 Dr. Fordyce
began to lecture also on materia medica and the prac-
tice of physic. These three subjects he continued to
teach with rapidly-increasing reputation for nearly
thirty years, giving for the most part three courses of
lectures on each subject in every year. A course lasted
nearly four months, and during it a lecture was delivered
six times in the week. His time of teaching commenced
about seven o'clock in the morning and ended at ten
o'clock, his lectures on the three subjects being given
one immediately after the other. He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1765 ;
and in 1770 was chosen physician to St. Thomas's hos-
pital, after a very sharp contest with Dr., subsequently
Sir William Watson, the number of votes in his favour
being 109, in that of his opponent 106. In 1774 Dr.
Fordyce became a member of the Literary Club ; and
in 1776 a fellow of the Royal Society. He was ad-
mitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians, speciali
gratia, 25th June, 1787, and rendered most important
aid in the preparation of the Pharmacopoeia Londinensis
of 1788, for which his knowledge of chemistry and ma-
teria medica peculiarly fitted him. He was Censor in
1787, 1792, 1800; Gulstonian Lecturer in 1789; and
Harveian orator in 1791. Dr. Fordyce was always fond
of society, and in the earlier years of his life to render
the enjoyment of its pleasures compatible with his pro-
fessional pursuits, he used to sleep but little. He was
often known to lecture for three consecutive hours in
the morning without having undressed himself the pre-
ceding night. He had satisfied himself that man eats
far oftener than nature requires, and for many years
he took but one meal in the twenty-four hours. He
dined every day for more than twenty years at Dolly's
chophouse, in Paternoster-row. At four o'clock the
1787] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 375
doctor regularly took his seat at a table always reserved
for him, on which were placed a silver tankard of strong
ale, a bottle of port wine, and a measure containing a
quarter of a pint of brandy. The moment the waiter
announced him, the cook put a pound and a half of
rump steak on the gridiron, and on the table some deli-
cate trifle as a bonne bouche, to serve until the steak
was ready. This was sometimes half a boiled chicken,
sometimes a plate of fish ; when he had eaten this he
took one glass of brandy and then proceeded to devour
his steak. When he had finished his meal he took the
remainder of his brandy, having during dinner drank
the tankard of ale and afterwards the bottle of port !
He thus spent an hour and a half of his time, and then
returned to his house in Essex-street. He made no
other meal until his return next day at four o'clock to
Dolly's.* The vigour of his constitution enabled him
to sustain for a time without apparent injury this mode
of life. But at length he was attacked with gout, which
afterwards became irregular, and for many years fre-
quently affected him with excruciating pains in the
stomach and bowels. He died at his house in Essex-
street, Strand, 25th May, 1802, and was buried at St.
Anne's Soho. His memory was singularly capacious
and retentive. He had read extensively, and, accord-
ing to his friend and colleague, Dr. Wells, was probably
more generally skilled in those sciences directly or re-
motely connected with medicine than any person of his
time. His manners were less refined, and his dress in
general less studied than is expected in this country in
the physician. From these causes and from his spending
no more time with his patients than was barely suffi-
cient for forming a just opinion of their ailments, he
had for many years but little private employment in
his profession, and never, even in the latter part of his
life when his reputation was at its height, enjoyed
nearly so much as many of his contemporaries. A good
memoir of this distinguished physician, from the pen of
Chirurgicee. 8vo. Lond. 1827, p. 8.
376 ROLL OF THE [1787
his friend and colleague Dr. Wells, is to be seen in the
" Gentleman's Magazine" for June, 1802. Dr. Fordyce's
portrait, by Phillips, is at St. Thomas's hospital, and
was engraved by Keating. He contributed several im-
portant papers to the " Philosophical Transactions," and
was the author of the following works :
Elements of Agriculture and Vegetation. 8vo. Edinb. 1765.
Elements of the Practice of Physic. 8vo. Lond. 1770.
A Treatise on the Digestion of Food. 8vo. Lond. ] 791.
Dissertations on Fever. 8vo. Lond. No. 1,1794; No. 2, 1795 ;
No. 3, in two parts, 1798, 1799 ; No. 4, 1802. The fifth was left by
the author in MS. and was published by Dr. Wells in 1803.
JOSEPH HART MYERS, M.D., was born of Jewish
parents at New York, where he received his preliminary
education. At a comparatively early age he was sent
to this country, when he commenced the study of his
future profession by attendance on the lectures of Dr.
William Hunter and Dr. George Fordyce. From Lon-
don he repaired to Edinburgh, and there, after a resi-
dence of four years, took the degree of doctor of medi-
cine 24th June, 1779 (D.M.I, de Diabete). Dr. Myers
then visited Leyden, Paris, Berlin, and Vienna, making
a considerable stay in each ; when he returned to Eng-
land and settled in London. He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1787; and
was soon afterwards appointed physician to the Portu-
guese hospital and to the General dispensary. He died
at his house in John -street, America-square, 1st June,
1823, aged sixty-five, from gout, a disease from which
he had long suffered, and which for some years had in-
capacitated him from the practice of his profession.
LAURENCE NIHELL, M.D. A native of Antigua, and
a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 12th September,
1780 (D.M.I, de Cerebro) ; was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1787.
EDWARD LONG Fox, M.D., was the second son of
Joseph Fox, a surgeon of Falmouth, by his wife Eliza-
beth, a daughter of Bichard Kingston, of Penryn, and
1787] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 377
was born in 1761. He was a doctor of medicine of
Edinburgh of 24th June, 1784 (D.M.I, de Voce Hu-
mana) ; and was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 26th June, 1787. He practised at
Bristol ; and after a very prosperous career there as a
general physician, devoted himself to the treatment of
insanity. In 1804 he opened Brislington house near
Bristol, as an asylum for the reception and cure of in-
sane persons. He died at this his residence in June,
1835, aged seventy -four.
WILLIAM AUSTIN, M.D., was born in Gloucestershire,
and educated at Wadham college, Oxford, as a member
of which he proceeded A.B. 9th November, 1776 ; A.M.
8th July, 1780 ; M.B. 12th February, 1782 ; M.D. 4th
February, 1783. He was elected physician to the Rad-
cliffe infirmary 9th April, 1783, and with unexampled
rapidity attained to extensive practice in Oxfordshire.
Ambitious of a wider sphere for his exertions, he in
1786 resigned his office at the infirmary and removed
to London, where a similar but more briUiant success
attended him than in his former situation, his profes-
sional receipts soon exceeding four thousand pounds a
year. He was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1786; a Fellow, 1st Oc-
tober, 1787 ; was Censor in 1788 ; and Gulstonian lec-
turer in 1790. Dr. Austin was elected physician to Sfc.
Bartholomew's hospital 10th August, 1786 ; but was
suddenly cut off by fever on the 21st January, 1793."""
His only published work was
A Treatise on the Stone, its Origin and Component Parts. 8vo.
Lond. 1791.
* Non possum quin nni, vobis fere omnibus familiari, cujus et
ego consuetndine usus sum, Austino, memoris animi testimonium
afferam. Conspiciebatis eum ingenio acutum, moribus suavem,
studio indefessum ; conspiciebatis, iter quod ad famam ducit arduum,
non, ut plerosque, aegre scandentem, sed quasi cursu conficieritem ;
conspiciebatis denique de tanta spe, subito, morte nimis acerba,
dejectum. Oratio Harveiana anno M.DCCXCYII. habita, auctore Rob.
Bourne.
378 ROLL OF THE [1787
SIR PAUL JODRELL, M.D., was the son of Paul Jod-
rell, esq., solicitor- general to Frederick prince of Wales,
by his wife Elizabeth, a daughter of Richard Warner,
esq., of North Elmham, co. Norfolk. He was born in
Middlesex, and educated at St. John's college, Cam-
bridge, of which house he was a fellow. He proceeded
A.B. 1769; A.M. 1772; M.D. 1786; was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1786 ; and a Fellow, 1st October, 1787. He was
elected physician to the London hospital 6th Decem-
ber, 1786, but resigned that office in November, 1787,
when he went out to India in the capacity of physician
to the nabob of Arcot. That potentate had applied to
George the Third to send him a physician. Sir George
Baker, then president of the College, being consulted,
recommended Dr. Jodrell, who was thereupon appointed.
He received the honour of knighthood, proceeded forth-
with to India, and died 6th August, 1803, at his house
on Choaltry-plain, Madras.
JOHN ASH, M.D., was born in Warwickshire in 1723,
and educated at Trinity college, Oxford, as a member
of which he proceeded A.B. 21st October, 1743 ; A.M.
17th October, 1746; M.B. 1st December, 1750; M.D.
3rd July, 1754. He settled at Birmingham, where he
soon got into extensive business, and was for many
years the oracle of the profession throughout a widely-
extended district around that town. He was the
founder and first physician of the General hospital
there. When at the height of his reputation, and
in the fullest business at Birmingham, Dr. Ash's health
gave way. He. became deranged in mind, and lived
miserably under a delusion that he had been reduced to
beggary. After a separation from his family of some
months, he was advised to resume the study of Euclid,
to which he had occasionally dropped hints of his par-
tiality. He did resume it, with great satisfaction to
himself and with the happiest effect, and recovered at*
length so entirely as to be able to recommence business
1787] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 379
in London, and to continue to practise physic until his
death. Dr. Ash was admitted a Candidate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 22nd December, 1786; in the fol-
lowing year resigned his office at the Birmingham hos-
pital ; and then, removing to London, was admitted a
Fellow of the College 22nd December, 1787. He was
Censor in 1789, 1793; Harveian orator, 1790; Guls-
tonian lecturer, 1791 ; and Croonian lecturer, 1793. Dr.
Ash died at Brompton-row, Knightsbridge, 18th June,
1798, aged seventy-five, and was buried in Kensington
church. A full-length portrait of him, by Sir Joshua
Reynolds, was engraved by Bartolozzi in 1791. Dr.
Ash was the founder of a social and literary club in
London, called in honour of him the Eumelian, from
the Greek Evfj,e\ia<;, though it was warmly contended
and put to the vote that it should have the more obvious
appellation of Fraxinean, from the Latin.'" He was a
fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian Societies, and the
author of
Experiments and Observations to investigate by Chemical Analysis
the Properties of the Mineral Waters of Spa, Aix, &c., &c. 12mo.
Lond. 1788.
WILLIAM CHARLES WELLS, M.D., was born at Charles-
town, South Carolina, in May, 1757 ; and was the se-
cond son of Robert Wells, a native of Scotland, who
had settled in Carolina in 1753, and at the time of his
son's birth carried on the business of a bookseller and
printer of a newspaper. Before the younger Wells was
eleven years of age he was sent to Scotland to a gram-
mar school at Dumfries, where he remained about two
years and a half, when, having finished the course of
studies pursued there, he, in 1770, went to Edinburgh,
and attended several of the lower classes of the univer-
sity. He returned to Charlestown in 1771, and was
placed as an apprentice with Dr. Alexander Garden,
the chief practitioner of physic in that place, and well
known to naturalists by his communications to the
* Boswell's Life of Johnson, by Croker. Lond. 1847, p. 798.
380 BOLL OF THE [1788
Royal Society. In 1775, soon after the commencement
of the American war, he left Charlestown suddenly and
came to London. He had been called upon to sign a
paper denominated " The Association," the object of
which was to unite the people in a resistance to the
claims of the British Government. This he positively
refused to do, and neither the authority of his master
nor the remonstrances of his friends were enough to
shake his determination. In the autumn of 1775 he
repaired to Edinburgh, and commenced attendance on
the medical lectures. He continued there three years,
and passed the usual examinations in the summer of
1778, but did not then graduate. In the autumn he re-
turned to London, attended lectures on anatomy and
midwifery, and entered himself as a surgeon's pupil at St.
Bartholomew's hospital. Early in 1779 he went to Hol-
land as surgeon to a Scotch regiment in the service of
the United Provinces. In this position he remained
about a year, when a quarrel with his commanding
officer induced him to throw up his commission in dis-
gust. He thereupon retired to Ley den, occupied him-
self in the composition of his inaugural thesis " De Fri-
gore ;" and then, proceeding to Edinburgh, took his
degree of doctor of medicine 24th June, 1780. In the
following year he returned to Carolina in order to ar-
range the affairs of his family ; and whilst there was, at
one and the same time, an officer in a company of volun-
teers, a printer, bookseller, merchant, and trustee for
some of his father's friends in England for the manage-
ment of affairs of considerable importance in Carolina.
There he remained for three years ; and of his career
during that period he has left an interesting account in
some memoranda of his own life which were published
shortly after his death. Dr. Wells came to London in
1784, and at that time made the acquaintance of Dr.
Baillie, who proved himself ever afterwards his steady,
warm, and affectionate friend. In the spring of 1785
Dr. Wells spent three months in Paris ; and in the
autumn of that year fixed himself in London as a phy-
1788] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 381
sician. He commenced practice without any pecuniary
resources ; and, notwithstanding the strictest economy,
straitened means were unfortunately his lot through
life. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 17th March, 1788; was appointed physician
to the Finsbury dispensary in 1790 ; assistant physician
to St. Thomas's hospital in 1798 ; and full physician to
that institution in 1800. He was elected a fellow of the
Royal Society in 1793 ; and a fellow of the Royal Society
of Edinburgh in 1814. In 1816 the Royal Society of
London awarded him the Romford medal for his ori-
ginal and scientific researches on Dew, a subject with
which his name must ever be inseparably connected.
Dr. Wells was one of the most active and energetic of
the Licentiates in their contest with the College ; and
was the author of a clever and spirited " Letter to lord
Keiiyon" on that subject. Though Dr. Wells did not
succeed in obtaining private business, he was a shrewd
and observing physician. As a careful observer and a
cautious reasoner, he had few equals among his con-
temporaries, and no superiors. His papers on Erysip-
elas, on Scarlatinal Dropsy, on Rheumatism of the Heart,
and on Albuminous Urine, in the Transactions of a
Society for the promotion of Medical and Chirurgical
Knowledge, are sufficient proofs of his qualifications in
these respects. His papers read before the Royal So-
ciety, and published in their " Transactions," are in like
manner evidences of his high attainments as a philo-
sopher. " He was," writes one who knew him well,
" laboriously diligent, eager and steady in his pursuits,
and less satisfied with any present success than cheered
by it in his attempts to obtain greater. He was frugal,
yet liberal ; high minded, and unwilling to be obliged,
perhaps uneasy under obligation, but most grateful for
kindness ; resentful but placable ; irascible, and in-
dulging his feeling when it arose from trifling causes,
but exercising the utmost self-command under very
great provocation, if the occasion was important and
propriety required it ; indignant at insolence and op-
382 ROLL OF THE [1788
pression, and regardless of all personal consequences in
the expression of his indignation ; but submissive to the
appointments of heaven, and calm and cheerful under
the sufferings which flowed from them ; a sense of duty
was the paramount feeling in his mind, to which hatred
and love, fear and desire gave way, and which danger
and difficulty served only to make more active and vigo-
rous." "Dr. Wells/' says Sir Benjamin Brodie, when
writing of his contemporaries at the end of his own pro-
fessional life, " was one of the most remarkable persons
with whom it has been my lot to be personally ac-
quainted. He is too well known by his writings, among
which his Essay on Dew deserves more especial notice,
for it to be worth while for me to speak of him as a
philosopher, but I may venture to give some account of
him otherwise. He was never married, but lived by
himself, with (I believe) only a single maid-servant in
a small house in Serjeants'-inn, Fleet-street. Although
he had paid great attention to his profession and had
ample opportunities of studying it as physician to St.
Thomas's hospital, he had never more than a very limited
practice. For this, indeed, he was in many respects
very unfit ; having dry, and, in general society, un-
gracious manners, and being apt to take offence where
no offence was intended. Yet he had great kindness
and warmth of heart, mixed up with these less amiable
qualities, and while he was greatly respected by those
who really knew him, he was even beloved by the very
few with whom he was intimate. His autobiogra-
phy, which is prefixed to the posthumous edition of
his works, is very characteristic, and, when I read it,
reminded me very much of that of David Hume, to
whom, indeed, as to the character of his intellect he
bore a considerable resemblance, however different he
may have been from him in some other respects." Dr.
Wells died at his lodgings in Serjeants'-inn, 18th Sep-
tember, 1817, and was buried in St. Bride's, Fleet-
street, where a tablet was soon afterwards erected by
one of his sisters to the joint memory of himself and of
1788] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 383
his father and mother. The inscription to Dr. Wells
is as follows :
Near this place are deposited
the remains of
WILLIA.M CHARLES WELLS, M.D., F.R.S., L. & E.
who was born May 24, 1757 ;
and who died September 18, 1817.
A skilful and learned physician,
an inventive philosopher,
a man of singular worth and honour.
He extended the boundaries of natural science ;
and exhibited in his conduct
an union of generosity and frugality,
of high-mindedness with prudence,
and a strict and scrupulous integrity
above the reach of suspicion as well as of reproach.
Dr. Wells's published works were
An Essay on Single Vision with Two Eyes, together with Expe-
riments and Observations on several other Subjects in Optics. 8vo.
Lond. 1792.
An Essay on Dew, with several appearances connected with it.
8vo. Lond. 1814.
WILLIAM MAY, M.D., was born at East Looe, in
Cornwall, and received his general education in his
native town. He served an apprenticeship to Mr. Bice,
a surgeon ; and then proceeded to Leyden, where he
took his degree of doctor of medicine 16th May, 1787
(D.M.I, complectens de Typho qusedam). Returning
to England, he determined on trying his fortune in
London, and was appointed physician to the Universal
dispensary. He held that office for a few months only ;
was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 5th June, 1788 ; and in the ensuing autumn
fixed himself as a physician at Truro. In 1792 he re-
moved to Plymouth, and the same year published his
short " Essay on Pulmonary Consumption," 8vo. Ply-
mouth, 1792.
JAMES CARMICHAEL SMYTH, M.D., was born in Perth-
shire in 1741, and educated at Edinburgh, where, after
384 EOLL OF THE [1788
a six years' course of study, he took the degree of doctor
of medicine 29th October, 1764 (D.M.I, de Paralysi).
In 1768 he settled as a physician in London ; the in-
termediate years having been devoted to hospital prac-
tice in town, and to attendance on lectures at different
medical schools in France, Italy, and Holland. Dr.
Smyth was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1770 ; and was elected physi-
cian to the Middlesex hospital 4th May, 1775. He was
admitted a fellow of the Eoyal Society 1 3th May, 1779.
In 1780 he was appointed by government to take charge
of the prison and hospital at Winchester, where a ma-
lignant typhus or pestilential fever was raging with ex-
treme violence, and causing a frightful mortality. To
obviate contagion he employed the fumes of nitrous acid,
the superior efficacy of which over the measures pre-
viously adopted was quickly apparent. The hospital
and prison were soon brought into a comparatively
healthy condition ; and subsequent experiments made
by order of government on board one of the prison
ships were deemed so conclusive, that parliament, as a
remuneration of his services, voted him 5,000?., and
shortly afterwards he received the appointment of phy-
sician extraordinary to the king. To the parliamentary
grant much opposition was raised. Dr. Johnstone, of
Kidderminster, set up a counter claim, on the ground
that his father had recommended the same acid as a
remedy against infection, many years before the appli-
cation of it by Dr. Smyth. The discovery was claimed
also for the French nation by M. Chaptal, who affirmed
that it had been used by Guyton Morveau in 1773. To
these claims Dr. Smyth gave a sufficient refutation.
The College of Physicians, who were probably the fittest
judges on such a question, seem to have admitted the
validity of Dr. Smyth's claim ; and on the 25th June,
1788, admitted him, speciali gratia, to the Fellowship.
He was Censor in 1788, 1793, 1801 ; he delivered the
Harveian oration in 1793 ; and was named an Elect
26th June, 1802. Shortly after this Dr. Smyth with-
1788] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 385
drew from active practice, and took up his abode first
at East Acton and then at Sunbury, where he died 18th
June, 1821, in the eightieth year of his age. His name
originally Carmichael, he had long changed to Smyth,
in compliance with the testamentary injunction of James
Smyth, of Atbenry, his grandfather, ex parte materna.
To Dr. Smyth we owe the following works :
An Account of the Effects of Swinging employed as a Remedy in
Pulmonary Consumption. 8vo. Lond. 1787.
The Works of the late Dr. William Stark. 4to. Lond. 1788.
A Description of the Jail Distemper, as it appeared among the
Spanish prisoners at Winchester, in the year 1780 ; with an Account
of the Means employed for Curing that Fever and for Destroying
the Contagion which gave rise to it. 8vo. Lond. 1795.
The Effects of the Nitrous Vapour in Preventing and Destroying
Contagion, ascertained from a variety of trials, &c., &c. 8vo. Lond.
1799.
Letter to William Wilberforce, Esquire, containing Remarks on a
Pamphlet entitled " An Account of the Discovery of the Power of
the Mineral Acid Vapours to destroy Contagion, by John Johnstone,
M.D." Lond. 1805.
Remarks on a " Report of M. Chaptal," with an Examination of
the Claim of M. Guyton de Morveau to the Discovery of the Power
of Mineral Acid Gases to destroy Contagion. 8vo. Lond. 1805.
A Treatise on Hydrencephalus, or Dropsy of the Brain. 8vo.
Lond. 1814.
CALEB HILLIEE, PAKRY, M.D., was born in Cirences-
ter 21st October, 1755, and was the eldest son of a dis-
senting minister distinguished for his knowledge, ta-
lents, and loyalty, the rev. Joshua Parry, by his wife,
a daughter of Caleb Hillier, of Upcote and Minety, in
the county of Gloucester. He received his school edu-
cation at Cirencester, under Mr. Washbourn, and sub-
sequently spent three years at the dissenters' academy
at Warrington. In J 773 he proceeded to Edinburgh
and commenced the study of medicine ; but in the sum-
mer of 1775 removed to London, and during two years
resided chiefly with Dr. Denman. He returned to
Edinburgh in 1777, and took his degree of doctor of
medicine there in 1778 (D.M.I, de Rabie Contagiosa,
vulgb Canina). In October of that year he married the
daughter of John E-igby, esq., of Lancaster, a lady no
VOL. II, 2 c
386 ROLL OF THE
less celebrated for her beauty than for her amiable dis-
position and engaging manners. Dr. Parry then visited
Holland, Belgium, and France ; and returning to Eng-
land settled at Bath, in November, 1779. He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1788. His progress at Bath was rapid,
and by the time he had been ten years there, his pro-
fessional receipts exceeded fifteen hundred pounds per
annum. From that time the amount rapidly increased;
and is said to have varied from three to over six hun-
dred a month. Of one day the receipts for separate
attendances were fifty guineas. His exertions as a
practitioner, pathologist, and writer were incessant. To
these were subsequently added those of a scientific
agriculturist. In 1787 he became possessed of a farm
in the neighbourhood of Bath, and within a walk of his
town residence. He there commenced those experi-
ments which established his reputation as one of the
most original and scientific agriculturists of his day,
and obtained for him a succession of prizes, the distinc-
tions of many societies, and the friendship of some of
the most eminent persons in the land. His " Essays "
on these subjects in the volumes of the Bath and West
of England Society of Agriculture, Arts, Manufactures,
and Commerce, are numerous and important.
As a physician, Dr. Parry was distinguished by a
clear insight into the nature of various maladies, by
promptness and decision in their treatment, and by
marked humanity and kindness to his patients. In his
professional connexions and relations he was eminently
liberal, and at the same time independent. While he
treated his medical brethren and his patients with can-
dour and deference, he would submit to no improper
dictation ; nor for the purpose of retaining a friend or
conciliating a foe, submit to any measure which was
inconsistent with the strictest integrity. In his opinion
the qualities of the gentleman and really honest man
were necessarily associated in the character of the phy-
sician, Dr. Parry's writings bear ample evidence of the
1788] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 387
extent of his pathological investigations, the acuteness
of his perception, and the originality of his views. They
exerted a wide and on the whole a beneficial influence
on pathology and practice, and deserve more attention
than is now accorded to them. Dr. Parry was for
many years physician to the Bath General hospital. He
was a fellow of the Royal Society, a vice-president of
the Bath and West of England Society of Agriculture,
a member of the Society of Natural History of Gottin-
gen, and an honorary member of the Farming society
of Ireland. On the 26th October, 1816, he was sud-
denly arrested in his career of usefulness and prosperity
by an attack of paralysis, which deprived him of the
use of his right side, and during the remainder of his
life rendered his speech imperfect and almost unintel-
ligible. Though his existence had become a state of
complicated bodily disease and suffering, his mental
activity never deserted him, and he was able to amuse
himself by reading during many hours of the day. Dr,
Parry died at Bath on the 9th March, 1822, aged sixty-
six, and was buried in the Abbey church, where a hand-
some monument to his memory presents the following
inscription :
H. S. E.
CALEB HILLIEE PARRY, M.D., R.S.S.
Vir probus,
Cultor Dei pius,
Medicus sagax.
Artem qua pollebat
in hac urbe per annos fere xr,.
ingenio, moribus,
multiplici literarum cognitione,
exornavit ;
gcientia, naturae indagatione perspicaci,
feliciter promovit.
N"e tanto nomini
ulla pars observantise
desideraretur,
Amici, eadem arte consociati,
hoc marmor
P. C.
Vixit annos LXVJ. Obt. ix. die mensis Mart.
A.S. 1822.
2 C 2
388 ROLL OF THE [1788
" In person, Dr. Parry was remarkably handsome.
With much dignity of manner he united a certain play-
fulness which, while through life it had invigorated and
charmed his domestic circle, scarcely deserted him under
the severest trials and amidst the heaviest afflictions.
His miscellaneous reading, extensive knowledge of men
and manners, and an excellent memory, supplied, in his
intercourse with society, a constant fund of amusing
anecdote and of appropriate allusion. From an in-
timate acquaintance with many celebrated military and
naval characters, he had become remarkably conversant
with the details and adventures of their profession ;
and scarcely a battle had occurred during the preceding
century, with the minute circumstances of which lie was
not acquainted. During a severe illness of nearly six
years' duration, he amused himself with dictating anec-
Jdotes of many distinguished friends and contempo-
raries." Dr. Parry had four sons and five daughters ;
of the former were Charles Henry Parry, M.D., F.R.S.,
to be noticed in the next volume, and the distinguished
Arctic navigator, captain Sir William Edward Parry,
31. N., who was the youngest.
Dr. Parry contributed papers to the " Philosophical
Transactions ;" to the Memoirs of the London Medical
Society ; and to several reviews, magazines, and news-
papers. His separate publications were
An Address to theMedical Society of Edinburgh. 8vo. Edinb. 1778.
An Inquiry into the Symptoms and Causes of the Syncope
Anginosa, commonly called Angina Pectoris, illustrated by Dissec-
tions. 8vo. Bath. 1799.
Facts and Observations tending to show the Practicability and
Advantage of producing, in the British Isles, Clothing Wool equal
to that of Spain ; together with some Hints towards the Manage-
ment of Fine-woolled Sheep. 4co. Lond. 1800.
Elements of Pathology and Therapeutics. 8vo. Bath. 1815.
Cases of Tetanus and Babies Contagiosa, or Canine Hydrophobia.
8vo. Bath. 1814.
An Experimental Inquiry into the Nature, Causes, and Varieties
of the Arterial Pulse, and into certain other properties of the large
Arteries in Animals with Warm Blood. 8vo. Bath. 1816.*
* Memoir by his son, Dr. Charles Henry Parry, in " Lives of
British Physicians," in Murray's Family Library.
1788] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 389
ANDREW MARSHALL, M.D., was born in 1742, at
Park-hill, near Newburgh, Fifeshire, and was destined
by his father to be a dissenting minister. With this
view he was sent when sixteen years of age to an insti-
tution at Abernethy, where he studied philosophy and
divinity. Whilst there he published in a periodical
work a short essay on composition, some remarks in
which gave offence to his co-religionists, and he was
summoned before the synod of his sect at Edinburgh,
by whom, on refusing to retract, he was excommu-
nicated. He was then nineteen years of age, and at
once proceeded to Glasgow, where he divided his time
between teaching Greek at a school, and attending lec-
tures in the university. At twenty-one years of age
he became tutor in a gentleman's family in the island
of Islay, and remained in that office four years, after
which he went to Edinburgh, where he gave private
lessons in Greek and Latin to students of the univer-
sity. Hitherto he had regarded himself as a student
of divinity, but his views about this time were directed
to medicine. In 1777 he was enabled by the assistance
of a friend to visit London for professional improvement,
when he attended the lectures of Dr. Hunter on ana-
tomy, and those of John Hunter on surgery. The fol-
lowing year he was appointed surgeon to the 83rd, or
Glasgow regiment, and continued to hold that office
until the corps was disbanded. He took his degree of
doctor of medicine at Edinburgh 1 2th September, 1782
(D.M.I, de Militum Salute Tuenda), and then, settling
in London, commenced lecturing on anatomy. These
lectures he continued with much reputation for nearly
thirty years. Dr. Marshall was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1788;
and died from disease of the bladder, at his house in
Bartlett's-buildings, Holborn, 2nd April, 1813, in the
severity-first year of his age. He was the author of
" An Essay on Ambition," and a translation of the
Three First Books of Sirnson's Conic Sections, and after
his death there appeared from his pen
390 ROLL OF THE [1788
The Morbid Anatomy of the Brain in Mania and Hydrophobia,
with the Pathology of these two Diseases ; and a Sketch of the
Author's Life, by S. Sawry. 8vo. Lond. 1815.
JOSEPH Fox, M.D., was born in Cornwall, and edu-
cated as an apothecary, in which capacity he practised
for some years at Falraouth. Having acquired by mar-
riage and his profession a small independence, be deter-
mined on trying his fortune in London as a physician.
He went therefore to Edinburgh, where he studied for
some time ; and on the 1st February, 1783, was created
doctor of medicine by the university of St. Andrew's.
Shortly after this Dr. Fox settled in London. He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30fch
September, 1788, and on the 30th April following was
elected physician to the London hospital. On the 6th
March, 1792, he was admitted a Fellow of the College
of Physicians of Edinburgh. In the spring of 1800 he
was compelled by his increasing private engagements to
resign his office at the London hospital ; and, having
by that time accumulated a fortune fully adequate to
the supply of all his wants, he soon afterwards relin-
quished his practice in favour of Dr. Frampton, and
quitted London. He retired first to Falmouth, and after-
wards to Plymouth, where he died on the 25th Febru-
ary, 1832, aged seventy-three.
JOHN STARK ROBERTSON, M.D., was born in Fife-
shire, and, as John Stark, graduated doctor of medicine
at Edinburgh 24th June, 1783 (D.M.I, de Malo Hypo-
chondriaco). Shortly afterwards, but under what cir-
cumstances I fail to discover, he took the name of Ro-
bertson, and as such was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 30th September, 1788.
Louis POIGNAND, M.D., a native of Poictou, in
France, was admitted by the College of Physicians a
Licentiate in Midwifery 30th September, 1788. He
was appointed physician-accoucheur to the Middlesex
hospital 22nd March, 1798 ; and died 17th June, 1809,
1788] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 391
aged sixty-three. His portrait was painted by Rigaud.
He was the author of
An Historical and Practical Inquiry on the Section of the Sym-
physis Pubis as a Substitute for the Caesarian Operation. 8vo.
Lond. 1778.
RICHARD PEARSON, M.D., was born at Birmingham
in 1765, and educated at the grammar school of Button
Coldfield during the mastership of Mr. Webb, an accom-
plished classical scholar ; and subsequently under Dr.
Rose, of Chiswick. His medical education was com-
menced under Mr. Tomlmson, a practitioner of good re-
pute in Birmingham. Whilst with him he obtained
the gold medal from the Royal Humane Society for the
best dissertation on the signs of death with reference to
its distinction from the state of suspended animation.
Proceeding to Edinburgh, he graduated doctor of medi-
cine 24th June, 1786 (D.M.I, de Scrophula). After
travelling for two years through Germany, France, and
Italy, in company with the honourable Mr. Knox, after-
wards lord Northland, he returned to England, and
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
22nd December, 1788. He settled in his native town,
Birmingham, and was elected physician to the General
hospital there in September, 1792. He resigned his
appointment at the hospital in 1801, when he removed
to London, where he remained some years, but then
withdrew to Reading, and from Reading to Sutton.
Eventually he returned to Birmingham, where, in con-
junction with Mr. Sands Cox, he took an active part in
the establishment of the medical school of that town.
Dr. Pearson died at Birmingham llth January, 1836,
in the seventy -first year of his age, and was interred in
the burial-ground of St. Paul's chapel in that town. Dr.
Pearson was a sound practical physician and a very
careful observer. His little treatise on the Influenza
was regarded by a very competent authority, Dr. E. A.
Parkes, as one of the best that has ever appeared on
that disease. Dr. Pearson was a fellow of the Society
392 BOLL OF THE [1789
of Antiquaries, and a very voluminous writer. At the
earnest desire of the editor, the venerable Archdeacon
Nares, he wrote the medical reviews in " The British
Critic." He contributed the articles on medicine in the
early part of Rees's Cyclopaedia, and was associated with
Dr. Hutton and Dr. Shaw in the Abridgement of the
Philosophical Transactions. He was also the author
of-
A Short Account of the Nature and Properties of different kinds
of Airs, so far as relates to their Medicinal Use, intended as an
Introduction to the Pneumatic Method of treating Diseases. 8vo.
Birmingham. 1795.
The Arguments in favour of an Inflammatory Diathesis in Hydro-
phobia considered. 8vo. Lond. 1798.
Observations on the Bilious Fever of 1797, 1798, and 1799. 8vo.
Birmingham. 1799.
Some Observations on the present Epidemic Catarrhal Fever or
Influenza, chiefly in relation to its Treatment. 8vo. Lond. 1803.
Outlines of a Plan calculated to Stop the Progress of the Malig-
nant Contagion which rages on the Shores of the Mediterranean, if
it should unfortunately make its way to this Country. 8 vo. Lond.
1804.
Thesaurus Medicaminum ; orj a New Collection of Medical Pre-
scriptions. 8vo. Lond.
A Practical Synopsis of the Materia Alimentaria and Materia
Medica. 8vo. Lond. 1807.
Account of a Particular Preparation of Salted Fish, to be used
with boiled Rice, boiled Potatoes, &c. 8vo: Lbnd. 1812.
A brief Description of the Plague. 8vo. 1813.
Observations on the Action of the Broom Seed in Dropsical Af-
fections. 8vo. Lond. 1835.
GEORGE KIRKALDIE, M.D. A native of Angusshire,
and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 12th Septem-
ber, 1786 (D.M.I, de duabus Aeris speciebus Aquam
giguentibus) ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 25th June, 1789.
JAMES CHICHESTER MACLAURIN, M.D., was the eldest
son of Robert Maclaurin, M.D., an obstetric physician
in large practice, residing in the city of London, by his
wife Jean, the eldest daughter of Sir James Kinlock, of
Kinlock castle. He was born in London 7th Decem-
1789] BOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 393
her, 1765, and passed the early years of his life with
his maternal aunts at Kinlock castle. At a fitting age
he was placed at St. Paul's school under Dr. Eoberts,
and from St. Paul's went to Edinburgh, where he gra-
duated doctor of medicine 12th September, 1788
(D.M.I, de Fluxlis Menstrui Indole Causisque). Dr.
Maclaurin was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 25th June, 1789, and was physician to the
British Embassy at Paris at the revolution in 1790. He
died at Exnaouth, whither he had gone for the benefit
of his health, 18th February, 1804.
JOHN LATHAM, M.D., was the eldest son of the Rev.
John Latham, A.B., of Oriel college, Oxford, minister
of Siddington in Cheshire, by his wife Sarah, daughter
of Richard Podmore, esq., of Sandbach, in the same
county, and was born on the 29th December, 1761, at
Gawsworth, co. Chester, in the house of his great-uncle
the Bev. William Hall, then rector of that parish. He
received his early education at the grammar school of
Manchester, and in 1778 was entered at Brasenose col-
lege, Oxford, as a member of which he proceeded A.B.
9th February, 1782; A.M. 15th October, 1784; M.B.
3rd May, 1786 ; M.D. 3rd April, 1788. He married
in 1784 ; and, having obtained from the university a
licence to practise, commenced business at Manchester.
He was elected physician to the infirmary of that town
in 1784, but resigned his office in 1786, when he re-
moved to Oxford; and on the llth July, 1787, was
appointed physician to the Radcliffe infirmary. In the
following year Dr. La/tham settled in London ; was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1788 ; and a Fellow 30th September, 1789.
He was elected physician to the Middlesex hospital
15th October, 1789, and about the same time physician
to the Magdalen hospital. On the 17th January, 1793,
he received the appointment of physician to St. Bartho-
lomew's hospital, when he resigned his office at the
Middlesex. Dr. Latham from the first was an active,
394 BOLL OF THE [1789
and soon became a very influential, fellow of the Col-
lege. In 1792 he undertook to arrange the library,
which had fallen into great disorder, and he accom-
plished the task in a manner so satisfactory to his
colJeagues that he was unanimously voted one hundred
pounds. He was Censor in 1790, 1794, 1801, 1803,
1807 ; Gulstonian lecturer, 1793 ; Harveian orator,
1794 ; Croonian lecturer, 1795 ; Elect, 4th July, 1806 ;
and President, 1813, 1814, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818,
1819. He resigned his office of Elect llth August,
1829. Dr. Latham's exertions on first settling in Lon-
don were excessive, and he soon obtained a large and
lucrative practice. In 1795 he was appointed physician
extraordinary to the prince of Wales, and was reap-
pointed to the same office on the accession of that
prince to the throne in 1820. "At the age of forty-six,"
says the writer of an interesting memoir of him (his son,
P. M. Latham, M.D.) in the "Medical Gazette," 5th May,
1843, "Dr. Latham was worn out by the hard labour of
his early success. He was believed to be consumptive,
and he retired into the country, it was thought, to die.
He had a few years previously purchased an estate at
Sandbach, Cheshire, whither he removed, and, under
the influence of country air and complete relaxation from
the cares and toils of professional business, eventually
recovered. He thereupon returned to London, and
resumed the exercise of his profession. He felt,
however, that if he was to keep the health he had
regained, he must never again put it to the same
hazard. Accordingly he now removed far away from
the sphere of his former business. He left Bedford-row
and settled in Harley-street. And here for twenty
years he enjoyed, with a more moderate practice, a
larger share of health than he had known during the
days of his greater labour and greater success. In
1829, having reached his sixty-eighth year, Dr. Latham
finally left London. Fourteen years of life yet remained
to him. For two-thirds of this period he enjoyed the
comforts which are still within the reach of a vigorous
1789] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 395
old age. For the last third was reserved the sharpest
of all bodily afflictions the formation and gradual in-
crease of stone in the bladder. Under this he sank,
and died at his seat, Brad wall-hall, Cheshire, on the
20th April, 1843, in the eighty-second year of his age,
having then been for some years the father of the Col-
lege. Those who knew Dr. Latham, both his patients
and brother physicians, speak of him with great esteem
and affection. His patients remember the confidence
and encouragement which accompanied his address, his
sincerity, his straightforwardness, and his liberality ;
and there are physicians now grey-headed who speak
of the kindness and countenance they received from
him in the days of their youth. But the highest vir-
tues of good men are unseen by the world while they
live, and are kept sacred for the solace and contempla-
tion of their families when they die. More, therefore,
need not be said of Dr. Latham, except that he was
singularly temperate, when temperance was hardly yet
thought to be a virtue ; he was most pure in life and
conversation when to have been otherwise would have
provoked no censure ; and he was not ashamed to be
religious when religion had yet no recommendation or
countenance from the world."
Dr. Latham's portrait, by Dance, in 1798, was en-
graved by W. Daniell ; and another at a later period of
his life, in his robes as President of the College of Phy-
sicians, was painted by Jackson, and engraved by
Sievier. He was a fellow of the Royal and Linnsean
Societies, contributed several papers to the " Medical
Transactions," and was the author of
On Rheumatism and Gout. 8vo. Lond. 1796.
A Plan of a Charitable Institution to be established on the Sea-
Coast. 8vo. Lond. 1791.
Facts and Opinions concerning Diabetes. 8vo. Lond. 1811.
JOHN MAYO. M.D., was born in Herefordshire, and
commenced his university education at Brasenose col-
lege, Oxford, as a member of which he took the degree
of A.B. 14th January, 1782 ; but then, removing to
390 ROLL OF THE [1789
Oriel, proceeded A.M. 2nd June, 1785 ; M.B. 31st
January, 1787; M.D. 15th July, 1788. Admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1788; and a Fellow, 30th September, 1789; he
was Censor in 1790, 1795, 1797, 1804, 1808 ; Har-
veian orator in 1795; and Elect, 10th April, 1807,
which last office he resigned 6th October, 1813. Dr.
Mayo was appointed physician to the Foundling hos-
pital in 1787, and physician to the Middlesex hospital
6th November, 1788. The latter office he resigned in
1803 ; the former in 1809. He was also physician in
ordinary to the princess of Wales. For many years
before his death it was Dr. Mayo's custom to divide his
time between London and Tunbriclge Wells, residing at
the latter place during the summer months. There he
enjoyed the implicit confidence of all ranks, and took
the undisputed lead in the medical business and emolu-
ments of that town and neighbourhood. Dr. Mayo
fixed his permanent abode there in 1817; and dying
in 1818, aged fifty-eight, was buried at Speldhurst.
Dr. Mayo published a small pamphlet, entitled " The
Information and Complaint made to the Court at the
Hospital for the Maintenance and Education of exposed
and deserted Children. 8vo. Lond. 1790."
CHRISTOPHER STANGER. M.D., was descended from a
family which for several centuries possessed estates in
the vale of Keswick. He was born at Whitehaven in
Cumberland, where his father was a considerable and
much respected merchant. He commenced his medical
education by an apprenticeship to a surgeon at New-
castle-upon-Tyne ; after which he proceeded to Edin-
burgh, where he took the degree of doctor of medicine
24th June, 1783 (D.M.I, de iis quse ad Sanitatem con-
servandam plurimum conferre videntur). He then
visited the more celebrated medical schools upon the
continent Paris, Montpellier, Vienna, Gottingen, and
Leyden ; and, after an absence of four years, returned
to England and settled in London. He was admitted
1789] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 307
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1789 ; was appointed Gresham professor of physic
in 1790; and physician to the Foundling hospital in
1792. He died 21st September, 1834, aged seventy-
five. Dr. Stanger was a person of extensive attain-
ments and great energy of character. He obtained
much notoriety in his day by his contest with the Col-
lege of Physicians. He was the author of
A Justification of the Right of every well-educated Physician of
fair character and mature age, residing within the jurisdiction of
the College of Physicians of London, to be admitted a Fellow of
that Corporation, if found competent. 8vo. Lond. 1798.
Remarks on the Necessity and means of suppressing Contagious
Fevers in the Metropolis. 12mo. Lond. 1802.
JOHN NOTT, M.D., was born at Worcester, 24th
December, 1751. Of his general education but little
is known ; at an early period he evinced a taste for
poetic composition, and is said to have made some
happy translations from the Latin classics. He com-
menced his medical studies under Mr. Hector of Bir-
mingham, and then removed to London, where he con-
tinued them under Sir Caesar Hawkins. After a resi-
dence of some time in Paris, he travelled for two years
on the continent, in medical charge of an invalid
gentleman. In 1783 he went out as surgeon on board
an East Indiaman, and was absent from England about
three years. It was at this period that he learned Per-
sian ; and of his proficiency in that language he after-
wards gave a convincing proof, in a beautiful and faith-
ful translation of some of the " Odes of Hafiz." On his
return to England, he attended his brother and family
to the continent, whither they were obliged to go on
account of health. He came back in 1788, when Dr.
Warren urged him to graduate in medicine. He did
so, but where is uncertain ; and on the 8th October,
1789, was admitted an Extra- Licentiate of the College
of Physicians ; about which time, on Dr. Warren's re-
commendation, he attended the duchess of Devonshire
and lady Duncannon, as their physician, to the con-
398 ROLL OF THE [1789
tinent. With that family he remained connected, more
or less, until 1793, when he settled at the Hotwells,
Bristol, where he practised with distinguished repu-
tation and success until disabled by hemiplegia. This
confined him almost wholly to the house for the last
eight years of his life. Dr. Nott died at Bristol in 1825,
aged seventy-four, and was interred in the old burial-
ground at Clifton. He was a voluminous writer, as the
following list of his published works will testify :
Alonzo ; or, the Youthful Solitair : a poetic tale. 4to. 1772.
Basia ; or, a poetic translation of the " Kisses of Johannes Secun-
dus." 8vo. 1775.
Leonora ; an Elegy on the Death of a Young Lady. 4to. 1775.
Sonnets and Odes from the Italian of Petrarch. 8vo. 1777.
Poems, consisting of Original Pieces and Translations. 8vo.
1780.
Heroic Epistle in Verse, from Mons. Yestris in London to Mdine.
Heimel in France. 4to. 1781.
Propertii Monobiblos ; or, the Book of the Elegies of Propertius,
entitled " Cynthia." 8vo. 1782.
Select Odes from the Persian of Hafiz. 4to. 1787.
The Poems of Caius Valerius Catullus, in English verse, with the
Latin Text versified, and Classical Notes. 2 vols. 8vo. 1794.
Belinda ; or, the Kisses of Bonefonius of Auvergne. 8vo. 1797.
The First Book of Titus Carus Lucretius on the Nature of
Things, with the Latin Text. 8vo. 1779.
The Lyrics of Horace, with the Latin Text revised. 2 vols. 8vo.
1803.
Sappho : after a Greek Romance. 12mo. 1802.
Petrarch : a selection from his Odes and Sonnets translated, with
Notes. 8vo. 1808.
Select Poems from the Hesperides, or Works both Human and
Divine of Robert Herrick.
His medical writings were
A Treatise on the Hotwell Waters, near Bristol. 8vo. Lond.
1793.
A Chemical Dissertation on the Thermal Waters of Pisa, and on
the neighbouring Acidulous Spring of Asciano, &c. To which are
added, Analytical Papers respecting the Sulphureous Water of Yver-
dnn. 8vo. Lond. 1792.
A Posologic Companion to the Pharmacopoeia. 12mo. Lond.
1793.
On the Influenza as it prevailed in Bristol and its vicinity during
1803. 8vo. Bristol. 1803.
1790] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIAXS. 399
THOMAS SUTTON, M.D., was born in Staffordshire.
His medical education was commenced in London, con-
tinued at Edinburgh, and completed at Leyden, where
he proceeded doctor of medicine 19th June, 1787 (D.M.T.
de Febre Intermittente), being then twenty years of
age. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 29th March, 1790 ; and soon afterwards was
appointed physician to the army. Dr. Button even-
tually settled at Greenwich, where he practised for
many years with great reputation, and died in 1835.
He was a man of much originality, a careful observer,
acute reasoner, and a very shrewd practitioner. He
was the first of modern British physicians who advo-
cated bleeding and a rigid antiphlogistic treatment of
fever,"' and to him we are indebted for the description
and discrimination of delirium tremens from the other
diseases with which it had been previously confounded.
We have from his pen
Considerations regarding Pulmonary Consumption. 8vo. Lond.
1799.
Practical Account of a Remittent Fever frequently occurring
among the Troops in this Climate. 8vo. Canterbury. 1806.
Tracts on Delirium Tremens, Peritonitis, and Gout. 8vo. Lond.
1813.
Letters addressed to the Duke of Tork on Consumption. 8vo.
Lond. 1814.
WILLIAM SATJNDERS, M.D., was the son of Dr. James
Saunders, an eminent physician at Banff, in the north
of Scotland, and was born in that town in 1743. He
received his medical education at Edinburgh, where he
obtained the notice and friendship of Dr. Cullen. He
took his degree of doctor of medicine in that university
28th October, 1765 (D.M.I, de Antiinonio), and then
settled in London. Dr. Saunders's inaugural exercise
gave ample proof of his attainments as a chemist, a cir-
cumstance which served probably to introduce him to
Sir George Baker, who was then investigating the
whole subject of Devonshire colic, and was assisted by
* British and Foreign Medical Review, vol. 1, p. 44.
400 ROLL OF THE [1790
Dr. Saimders in the chemical experiments necessary to
the inquiry. He was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 26th June, 1769 ; and on the 6th
May, 1770, was elected, chiefly through the influence
of Sir George Baker, physician to Guy's hospital. Dr.
Saunders's attainments in science were considerable ;
his industry and exertions indefatigable ; and what he
chiefly wanted to insure success was practical expe-
rience, which his hospital appointment now afforded him
the opportunity of obtaining. Dr. Saunders's progress
to eminence was rapid ; and in the course of a few years
he was in the enjoyment of a very lucrative city busi-
ness. He was early elected a fellow of the Royal and
Antiquarian Societies ; and on the nomination of his
friend Sir George Baker, then the President, was ad-
O*
mitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians, speciali
gratia,, 25th June, 1790. He served the office of Censor
in 3791, 1798, 1805, 1813; was Gulstonian lecturer in
1792 ; andHarveian orator in 1796. He was appointed
physician extraordinary to the prince Regent in 1807 ;
and died at Enfield (whither he had retired about three
years previously) on the 2 9th May, 1817, aged seventy-
three. His monument in Enfield church is thus in-
scribed :
M. S.,
Gulielmi Saunders, M.D.,
jColl : Regal : Med : Lond : et Reg : Societ : Soc. ;
viri probi, benefici, rerum sagacis,
artisq : suee (ut testantur scripta) periti,
in hac illustranda felicissimi,
ejusq cultoribus strenue et constanter faventis.
.Qui vixit Annos LXXIII. Ob : Mail xxix, MDOCCXVir,
Hoc M. Patri optimo Liberi posuemnt.
Dr. Saunders' portrait is at the College, to which it
was presented by his son, Mr. J. J. Saunders. He was
the author of
Syllabus of a Course of Lectures pn .Chemistry and Pharmacy.
8vo. Lond. 1766.
A Letter to Dr. Baker on the Endemial Colic of Devonshire.
8vo. Lond. 1767.
1790] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 401
A New and Easy Method of giving Mercury to those affected
with the Venereal Disease. Translated from> the Latin of J J
Plenck. 8vo. Lond. 1768.
An Answer to Greach and Alcock on the Endemial Colic of Devon-
shire. 8vo. Lond. 1768.
Observationes de Antimonio ejusque TJsu in Morbis Curandis
12mo. Lond. 1773.
Observations and Experiments on the Power of the Mephitic
Acid in dissolving Stones in the Bladder. 8vo. Lond. 1777.
Observations on the superior Efficacy of the Red Peruvian Bark
in the Cure of Agues and other Fevers. 8vo. Lond. 1782.
A Treatise on the Structure, (Economy and Diseases of the Liver,
with an Inquiry into the proportions and component parts of the
Bile and Biliary Concretions. 8vo. Lond. 1793.
A Treatise on the Chemical History and Medical Powers of some
of the most celebrated Mineral Waters ; with Practical Remarks on
the Aqueous Regimen. 8vo. Lond. 1800.
Observations on the Hepatitis of India, and on the prevalent Use
of Mercury in the Diseases of that Country. 12mo. Lond. 1809.
EGBERT BOURNE, M.D., was born at Shrawley, in
Worcestershire, in 1761, and educated at the grammar
school of Bromsgrove in that county, whence he was
elected to a scholarship, and eventually to a fellowship
in Worcester college, Oxford. He proceeded A.B. 26th
April, 1781; A.M. 1st April, 1784; M.B. 15th July,
1786 ; M.D. 6th June, 1787. He was elected physi-
cian to the Radcliffe infirmary llth July, 1787; was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1789 ; and a Fellow, 30th September, 1790.
He delivered the Harveian oration in 1797. Dr. Bourne
was appointed reader of chemistry in the university of
Oxford, on the resignation of Dr. Beddoes, in 1794 ;
Aldrichian professor of physic in 1803 ; and lord Lich-
field's professor of clinical medicine in 1824. He died
at Oxford, after a long illness, 23rd December, 1829,
aged sixty-nine, and is commemorated by the following
inscription in the chapel of Worcester college :
Robertus Bourne M.D.
apud Shrawley in agro Vigorniensi natus A.D. MDCCLXI.
in schola Bromsgroviensi eductus,
intra hasce eedes receptus est alumnus A.u. MDCCLXXVII ;
mox in Sociorum ordinem adscriptns,
VOL. II. ^ D
402 ROLL OF THE [1790
per aliquot annos literis quibus ipse baud leviter imbutus fuerat,
summa cum laude publice docebat.
Londinum profectus diligentissime medicinam excolluit,
adeo ut oculos principum turn temporis medicorum,
inter quos, Yir ille egregius Greorgius Baker praecipue numerandus est,
in se converterit.
Academiam reversus Artem Medendi
per quadraginta annos ita factitavit,
ut non modo apud familiares et vicinos,
sed apud plurimos Collegii Begalis Londinensis Socios
primarius judicatus fuerit.
Mortuus apud omnes desiderium sui reliquit ;
Quippe qni jam inde ab adolescentia fuerit
imprimis liberalis, simplex, modestus, fidus :
in arte exercenda, donatus indonatus,
sibi parcere nescius,
aliis impenso deditus,
ingenio sagacissimus, moribus admodum suavis ;
quibus dotibus, ilia longe optima dos accessit
pietas erga Deum.
Vitam utilissimam et recordatu dulcissimam,
mors placida consecuta est
xxiii die Decembris AD MDCCCXXIX.
Artis Chemicae Praelector A.D. MDCCXCIV
Professor Aldrichianus Medicinse Praxeos AD MDCCCIII
Professor Clinicus AD MDCCCXXIV.
He was the author of-
An Introductory Lecture to a Course of Chemistry. 8vo. Oxford.
1797.
Cases of Pulmonary Consumption treated with Uva TJrsi ; to
which are added some Practical Remarks. 8vo. Oxford. 1805.
MATTHEW BAILLIE, M,D., was born on the 27th Oc-
tober, 1761, at the manse of Shotts, in Lanarkshire.
He was the son of the Rev. James Baillie, D.D. (sub-
sequently professor of divinity in the university of Glas-
gow, a divine of excellent understanding, of polished
and dignified manners, and of a highly cultivated mind),
by his wife Dorothea, sister of the celebrated anatomists,
William and John Hunter. He received his early edu-
cation at the grammar-school at Hamilton, the master
of which, Mr. Whale, was a man of quick parts, of
various knowledge, and with a considerable turn for
humour. He was an excellent Latin scholar, but not
1790] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 403
very thoroughly acquainted with Greek, although he
had enough of that language for the creditable teach-
ing of the school. Before Dr. Baillie had completed his
thirteenth year he was sent to the college of Glasgow,
where he passed five sessions in the study of classics,
mathematics, and general philosophy. Having obtained
one of the Scotch exhibitions at Balliol college, Oxford,
he proceeded thither in 1779, and thenceforward spent
his vacations in London, under the roof of his uncle, Dr.
William Hunter. He graduated A.B. 14th January,
1783; A.M. 14th June, 1786; M.B. 15th July, 1786;
M.D. 7th July, 1789. In the intervals of his residence
at Oxford he applied himself diligently to the study of
anatomy in London, was engaged in making prepara-
tions for Dr. Hunter's lectures, in conducting: demon-
* O
strations, and superintending the dissections of the
students. On the death of Dr. Hunter, in 1783,
Baillie inherited a sum of 5,000. in money, the house
and premises in Great Windmill-street until the end
of thirty years from Dr. Hunter's death, and the use of
the museum for the same period ; as also a small estate
in Scotland, the latter of which he thought fit to hand
over to the celebrated John Hunter, as having, in his
opinion, the best right to it. He succeeded in addition
to a moiety of the lectures, Mr. Cruikshank being his
colleague, and gave his first course in the session of
1784-5. As a teacher he succeeded in the highest de-
gree ; his demonstrations were remarkable for their
clearness and precision ; abstruse and difficult points
under his hand became most simple and intelligible ;
he possessed a perfect conception of his subject, and
imparted it with the utmost plainness and perspicuity
to his hearers. He continued to lecture until 1799.
Dr. Baillie's practice as a physician may be dated from
the summer of 1786, when he took his first degree in
physic; and on the 23rd February, 1787, he was
elected physician to St. George's hospital. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians
30th September, 1789 ; and a Fellow 30th September,
2 D 2
404 ROLL OF THE [1790
1790. He delivered the Gulstonian lectures in 1794 ;
the Croonian lectures in 1796, 1797, 1798; and the
Harveian oration in 1798. He was Censor in 1791,
1796 ; and was named an Elect 27th July, 1809. On
the 13th November, 1809, he was elected an honorary
fellow of the College of Physicians of Edinburgh. Dr.
Baillie's relationship to the Hunters, and his marriage,
in 1791, to Sophia, daughter of Dr. Denman, tended
in some degree to advance him as a practitioner. The
temporary secession from practice of Dr. David Pit-
cairn, the early and intimate friend of Dr. Baillie, in
1798, to whom that estimable physician recommended
his patients during his absence at Lisbon, brought a
large accession of business to Dr. Baillie, whilst the
death of Dr. Warren contributed in no slight degree to
extend his practice. His private engagements then in-
creased BO rapidly that, in 1799, he resigned his office
at St. George's hospital, gave up his anatomical lectures,
and, removing to Grosvenor-street, devoted himself en-
tirely to practice. His professional receipts were very
large, and are said for many successive years to have
reached ten thousand pounds. In 1810 Dr. Baillie was
called into consultation, with Sir Henry Halford, on the
princess Amelia, and in the course of his attendance
was appointed physician extraordinary to George the
Third ; and, in 1814, physician in ordinary to the prin-
cess Charlotte. He attended the king in his last ill-
ness, and was offered a baronetcy, an honour which he
begged permission to decline. During many years Dr.
Baillie was in the habit of devoting sixteen hours of
each day to business. Under such exertions, his health,
as might have been expected, gave way, and compelled
him at length to lessen his fatigues. He withdrew
from all but consultation practice, and retired during
the summer months to an estate he had purchased in
Gloucestershire. In 1823 he was attacked with inflam-
mation of the mucous membrane of the trachea, to re-
lieve which he visited Tunbridge Wells, but without
experiencing much relief. He therefore retired to his
1790] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 405
seat, Duntisbourne-house, near Cirencester, where he
expired on the 23rd September, 1823, aged sixty-two.
He was interred in Duntisbourne church, and over the
vault is a tablet thus inscribed :
Sacred to the memory of
Matthew Baillie, M.D.,
who terminated his useful and honourable life
September 23rd, 1823, aged 62.
Also of
Sophia, his beloved wife,
who died August 5th, 1845, aged 74.
But the professional friends of Dr. Baillie erected a
monument to his memory in Westminster abbey at an
expense of eight hundred guineas. It consists of a fine
bust by Chantry, and below bears on the pedestal the
following inscription :
Matthaso Baillie, M.D.,
Coll: Beg: Medic : Lond : et Edin: Socio,
in agro Scotico Lanerkee nato,
Glasguee literis instituto,
Oxoniae expolito,
Praelectori anatomico apud Londinium insigni ;
qui ad certiorem rationis normam
eas anatomise partes, quae morbos
spectant, primus redegit :
Medico summo
viro probitatis integrse
animi perspicacis, sinceri,
simplicis, liberalis, pii :
Hunc effigiem
complures ejusdem setatis
Medici et Chirurgi
P. C.
Decessit nono kal Octob. A.S. Mocccxxiii
set: LXU.
Upon intelligence of the death of Dr. Baillie being
received by the College of Physicians, the following
record was directed to be inserted in the Annals'" : -
" That our posterity may know the extent of our ob-
ligation to the benefactor whose death we all deplore,
be it remembered that Dr. Baillie gave the whole of his
* 80th September, 1823.
406 ROLL OF THE [1790
most valuable collection of anatomical preparations to
the College, and six hundred pounds for the preserva-
tion of the same ; and this, too, after the example of
the illustrious Harvey, in his lifetime. His contempo-
raries need not an enumeration of his many virtues to
account for their respectful attachment to him whilst
he lived, or to justify the profound grief which they feel
at his death ; but to the rising generation of physicians
it may be useful to hold up for an example, his re-
markable simplicity of heart, his strict and clear integ-
rity, his generosity, and that religious principle by which
his conduct seemed always to be governed, as well
calculated to secure to them the respect and goodwill of
their colleagues and the profession at large, and the
high estimation and confidence of the public."
By his will Dr. Baillie bequeathed to the College of
Physicians a legacy of 30 OZ. together with all his medi-
cal, surgical, and anatomical books, and the copper-plates
of his illustrations of morbid anatomy ; and, in case of
his son dying without legitimate issue, a sum of 4,000?.*
His effects were sworn under 80,000?., and his will was
* 1823, December 22. It was resolved that the following ex-
tracts from the late Dr. Baillie's will, be inserted in the Book of
Annals of the College :
" I give to the President and Fellows for the time being of the
Royal College of Physicians in London, for the use of the said Col-
lege, all the copper-plates belonging to my work upon morbid ana-
tomy ; and all my medical, chemical, and anatomical books what-
soever. I also give to the same President and Fellows, for the use
of the said College, the sum of 300Z., to be paid out of my personal
estate ; and I do direct that the interest or annual produce of the
said 300Z. be applied to keeping the said medical, chemical, and
anatomical books in proper preservation and in augmenting the
library of the said College."
A codicil dated 2nd November, 1822, runs thus :
" In case my son, William Hunter Baillie, should die unmarried,
or a widower, or married without legitimate children, then I desire
that 4,OOOZ. sterling be paid out of my personal property, to the
President and Fellows for the time being of the Royal College of
Physicians in London, in order to form a permanent fund, the in-
terest of which may be expended for purposes that may be condu-
cive to the advantage of the said College, or for the promotion of
medical science at large in Great Britain."
1790] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 407
dated 2 1st May, 1819. Sir Henry Halford, on the 22nd
December, 1823, having announced to the College the
bequests contained in Dr. Baillie's will, read the follow-
ing observations on the medical character of his departed
friend and colleague :
" The same principles which guided Dr. Baillie in his
private and domestic life governed his public and pro-
fessional behaviour. He was kind, generous, and sin-
cere. His purse and his personal services were always
at the command of those who could prefer a proper
claim to them, and every branch of the profession met
with equal attention. Nay, such was his condescension,
that he often incurred great inconvenience to himself
by his punctual observance of appointments with the
humblest practitioners."
"In consultation he was candid and liberal in the
highest degree ; and so industriously gave credit to
the previous treatment of the patient (if he could ap-
prove it), that the physician who called him in never
failed to find himself in the same possession of the
good opinion of the family as he was before the cir-
cumstances of the case had made a consultation neces-
sary."
" His manner of explaining the disease, and the reme-
dies recommended, was peculiar to himself, and singu-
larly happy. It was a short compressed lecture, in
which the objects in view, and the means by which
they were to be obtained were developed with great
clearness of conception, and in such simple unadorned
language as was intelligible to his patient and satisfac-
tory to his colleague."
The following donations from Mrs. Baillie were announced :
A gold-headed cane, which originally belonged to Dr. Radcliffe,
and then to Dr. Mead, and afterwards to some of the most distin-
guished fellows of the College (in succession), whose arms are en-
graved on it.
Dr. Baillie's collection of articles of the Materia Medica ; and
A picture by Zoffani, which belonged to Dr. William Hunter, and
which exhibits portraits of himself (lecturing) and all the then mem-
bers of the Boyal Academy.
408 ROLL OF THE [1790
" Before his time it was not usual for the physician to
do much more than prescribe remedies for the malady,
and encourage the patient by such arguments of con-
solation as might present themselves to humane and
cultivated minds. But as the assumed gravity and
outward signs of the profession were now considered
obsolete customs, and were by general consent laid
aside by the physicians ; and as a more curious anxiety
began to be observed on the part of the patient to
learn everything connected with his complaint, arising
naturally from the improved state of general know-
ledge, a different conduct became necessary in the sick
room. The innovation required by the spirit of
modern times never could have been adopted by any
one more fitted by nature and inclination to carry it
into effect, than by Dr. Baillie. The attention which
he had paid to morbid anatomy, enabled him to make
a nice discrimination in symptoms, and to distinguish
between diseases which resemble each other. It gave
him a confidence also in propounding his opinions,
which our conjectural art does not readily admit ; and
the reputation which he enjoyed universally for open-
ness and sincerity, made his dicta be received with a
ready and unresisting faith/'
" He appeared to lay a great stress upon the informa-
tion which he might derive from the external examina-
tion of his patient, and to be much influenced in the
formation of his opinion of the nature of the complaint
by this practice. He had originally adopted this habit
from the peculiar turn of his early studies ; and as-
suredly such a method, not indiscriminately but judi-
ciously employed, as he employed it, is a valuable
auxiliary to the other ordinary means used by a physi-
cian of obtaining the knowledge of a disease submitted
to him. But it is equally true that, notwithstanding
its air of mechanical precision, such examination is not
to be depended upon beyond a certain point. Great
disordered action may prevail in a part without having
yet produced such disorganisation as may be sensibly
1790] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 409
felt ; and to doubt of the existence of a disease because
it is not discoverable to the touch, is not only unphilo-
sophical, but must surely, in many instances, lead to
unfounded and erroneous conclusions. One of the in-
evitable consequences of such a system is frequent
disappointment in foretelling the issue of the malady,
that most important of all points to the reputation of a
physician; and though such a mode of investigation
might prove eminently successful in the skilful hands
of Dr. Baillie, it must be allowed to be an example of
dangerous tendency to those who have not had his
means of acquiring knowledge, nor enjoyed the advan-
tages of his great experience, nor have learned by the
previous steps of education and good discipline to reason
and judge correctly. The quickness with which a phy-
sician of keen perception and great practice makes up
his mind on the nature of a disease, and the plan of
treatment to be adopted, differs as widely as possible
from the inconsiderate haste which marks the decisions
of the rash and uninformed."
" Dr. Baillie acquired business early by the credit of
his book on morbid anatomy. From the date of its
first publication in 1793, its materials must have been
furnished principally by a careful inspection of the dis-
eased preparations collected in the museum of his uncle,
Dr. Hunter. But it opened a new and most produc-
tive field of curious knowledge and interesting research
in physic ; and when he came to add, in the subsequent
editions which were required, an account of the symp-
toms which accompany the progressive alteration made
in the natural structure of parts by some diseases dur-
ing the life of the patient, from his own observation
and experience, he rendered his work highly valuable
and universally popular. Impressed as he was with
the great importance and value of such morbid prepa-
rations in assisting the physician to discriminate obscure
internal diseases, his generosity prompted him, after
the example of the immortal Harvey, to give, in his
lifetime, his own collection to the College of Physicians.
410 ROLL OF THE [1790
He has thus laid the foundation of a treasury of know-
ledge for which posterity will owe him a debt of grati-
tude to the latest period."
"He published from time to time several papers in
the Transactions of the College and in other periodical
works ; all written in a plain and simple style, and use-
ful as containing the observations of a physician of such
extensive experience."
" But justice cannot be done to Dr. Baillie's medical
character, unless that important feature in it, which
appeared in every part of his conduct and demeanour
his religious principle, be distinctly stated and. recog-
nised. His ample converse with one of the most won-
derful works of the Creator the formation of man
inspired in him an admiration of the Supreme Being
which nothing could exceed. He had, indeed, " looked
through Nature up to Nature's God ; " and the pro-
mises of the Gospel, on the conditions explained by our
Redeemer, were his humble but confident hope in life,
and his consolation in death."
" If one precept appeared to be more practically ap-
proved by him than another, it was that which directs
us to do unto others as we would have them to do unto
us ; and this was felt and acknowledged daily by all his
professional brethren in their intercourse with him.*"
* "Ne vero innimium crescat magnomm viromm commemoratio
qui inde longo ordine secuti sunt, praecipiti curs a ad aetatem nos-
tram feror ut adeam Matthesum Baillie, praeceptorem hujus artis
illustrem, talemque medicum, qualem non sine magno reipublicaa
raalo lagenms morte correptum : quo non digniorem video qui
compleat orbem eorum hominum, per quos a studiis ad humani
corporis naturam cognoscendam institutis maximse res ad meden-
dnm accesserunt. Erat ei ad docendum mens aptissima, enodata,
simplex ; quae memoria comprehenderat, distincte habuit omnia
et ordinate collocata ; quorum expositio perspicua fuit et dilucida ;
quae si ad eloquentiam verbis ipsis non attgit, eo usque pervenit,
ut ejus vice fungi videretur. Aperte loqui et breviter ei fuit mos,
nulla exornatione usus est, singula quaeque quasi ad vivum delineavit
plane, luculenter, nulla verborum aut rerum ambiguitate. Memini
ipse cum jam juvenis essem, et iis quae docuit me dedissem, quanta
solertia, quanta sedulitate res difficiles enucleabat, involutas aperi-
bat, ita quidem ut mirifice sibi placeret auditor, KG tanti negotii
1790] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 411
" On the whole, we may say of him, what Tacitus does
of Agricola : ' Bonum virum facile crederes ; magnum
libenfer.' "
opus tarn facile potuisse consequi. Quoties de ea parte in qua est
physiologia disseruit, ea fuit sermonis felicitas, is rerum ordo niti-
dus, ea narratio, ea argumenti distribatio, ut cum ipse summus
esset artifex, nihil posset artificii in eo reperiri. Inerant moribus
singularis simplicitas, candor, moderatio, bonitas, expressa quasi
signa probitatis et benevolentiae ; ad hsec sinceri quoddam atque
veri ; qo.se omnia sai fiduciam fecerunt maximam. Attentus erat,
acutus, diligens symptomatum investigator; interrogabat apte,
breviter, explicate, ut qui majores res quas morbis incidunt vellet
onines animo complecti, nee mentem suam sineret in minimis dif-
fundi, nee levioribus irretiri vet suspensam teneri. Gravia erant
quae ferebat judicia, brevia, prompta, et ad rem ; comprehensa
leni sententiarum ambitu, quas vestiebat facilis quaedam et pellu-
cens oratio, qua sic utebatur ut quae presse dicebat, carerent obscu-
ritate ; quae breviter ne curta essent ; simplicibusque verbis ita
disserebat, ut difficillimas res intelligerent audientes, vel saltern
se intelligere crederent. Quare scilicet viventem tantopere amavi-
mus, nonne quod ad eum delatus sit, non ab eo expetitus honor,
quern meruisse magni, tulisse minoris habuit, propter, innocentiam,
vitae et modestiam, universam in medicos mansuetudinem, qua
principatum gessit aequitatem, summum erga artem suam studium
et amorem, diligentiam qua coluit, qua ornavit munificentiam. Eas
igitur virtutes, nunc amotas nobis, nee jamdudum, nee adeo procul,
ut effugerent oculos, quarum et ortum aliqui nostrum et cursum
vidimus et occasum, nunc etiam, ut e longinquo respicimus ac uno
quasi mentis intuitu percipimus, earum admiratione tenemur et
desiderio. Cum igitur conjuncta sit iis tota ejus vitae ratio, ad
artem suam amplificandam accommodata, cumque ea repetamus
quae de anno in annum eidem contulit ac maguum illud opus de
laasionibas corpori a morbo allatis contemplemur, (quae res ab eo
non inchoata licet inde formam cepit et stabilitatem) ; necnon
Museum vobis quod exhibuit vivus, quasque opes ad id susten-
tandum suppeditavit, cujus custodes suaeque famse vos et heredes
reliquit, et ad expoliendum absolvendumque instituit, et a3re sculp-
tas iconas earum rerum, quae per aures vix attingunt mentem, sed
per oculos eo facillime feruntur, quas faciendas curavit perpe-
tueeque fidei vestree commisit moriens, quasque ideo legavit pecu-
nias, quos bibliothecae adjecit libros ; miremur ei monumentum
amicos, vos decrevisse statuam ? Quam ei esse fingendam erexit,
non solum apud suos verum etiam apud exteros fama, et id prae-
terea, quo aequi essemus erga nostros et nostratum memoriam.
At vereor ne diutius hie constiterit oratio. Duaa res mihi fuerunt
incommoditati ne non satisfecisse viderer magni viri famae, ne non
amicitise qua ilium complexus sum. Aliud etiam me in divorsum
traxit, ne nimius essem aut prolixior. Utcunque sint ea, si nimis
412 ROLL OF THE [1790
A portrait and bust of Dr. Baillie are in the College.
The portrait by Sir Thomas Lawrence was bequeathed
to the College by Elizabeth ( A] mack), the widow of Dr.
David Pitcairne ; the bust by Chantry was executed in
1824 at the expense of the College. Dr. Baillie edited
Dr. Hunter's great work " The Anatomy of the Human
Gravid Uterus."
His separate publications were
The Morbid Anatomy of some of the most Important Parts of
the Human Body. 8vo. Lond. 1793.
A Series of Engravings tending to illustrate the Morbid Anatomy
of some of the most Important Parts of the Human Body. 4to.
Lond. 1803.
Lectures and Observations on Medicine. 8vo. Lond. 1825.
The last, a posthumous work, of which 150 copies were
printed for private circulation only, in accordance with
the directions in Dr. Baillie's will.
EDWARD FRYER, M.D., was bom at Frome in So-
mersetshire in 1761, and educated at the grammar-
school of that town ; on leaving which he was placed
with a medical practitioner in Wiltshire. He then
spent some time at the London hospitals, and went
thence to Edinburgh, and eventually to Ley den, where
he proceeded doctor of medicine 29th January, 1785
(D.M.I, de Vit& Animantium et Vegetantium). After
travelling for some years upon the continent, he re-
turned to England, and settled in London. He was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1790. Dr. Fryer, who held the appoint-
ment of physician to the duke of Sussex, died in Upper
Charlotte-street, on the 9th January, 1826, in the sixty-
fourth year of his age. " Distinguished ability, various
dixerim, haud ingratam fore vobis arbitror hanc in eo commemo-
rationem ; si parcius, id condonabitis imperative ; etenim quee in
eo erant, cum eodem modo in alio homine nusquam congregata
viderim, fere singularia dicam, quee et erant sui generis et in suo
genere perfecta et absoluta." Oratio Harveiana prima in Novis
-<3Mibus Collegii, habita sext. kalend. Jul. an, MDCCCXXVI a Pelham
Warren, M.D., p. 20, et seq.
1790] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 413
and extensive knowledge, strict probity and unsullied
honour, united with the most prompt, ardent, indepen-
dent, and generous feelings, adorned by the most en-
gaging and gentlemanly manners, combined to render
him beloved and admired by all who knew him." Dr.
Fryer was the author of
A Life of Mr. Barry, B.A.
JOHN FORD, M.D. A native of Somersetshire, then
practising at Bristol, was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 4th September, 1787. He
was created doctor of medicine by the archbishop of
Canterbury 10th March, 1788 ; and then, settling in
London, was admitted a Licentiate of the College 30th
September, 1790. Dr. Ford soon, however, removed to
Liverpool, and eventually to Chester, where he died
9th October, 1807, aged seventy-six.
He published
Three Letters OB Medical Subjects: 1. An Account of the Effects
of an Aloetic Medicine in the Gout and other Chronical Complaints.
2. A pi-actice which has been successful in the Individual Prevention
of the late Epidemic. 3. An Account of the Sedative Properties
of the Granulated Preparations of Tin in some Affections of the
Mind. 8vo. Lond. 1803.
THOMAS TOMSON, M.D., was born in Kent, and gra-
duated doctor of medicine at Leyden 5th November,
1788. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1790.
BICHARD KENTISH, M.D., was born in Yorkshire, and
educated at Edinburgh, where he took the degree of
doctor of medicine 24th June, 1784 (D.M.I, de Phthisi
Pulmonali Idiopathic&). He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1 790. We
have from his pen
Experiments and Observations on a New Species of Bark. 8vo.
Lond. 1785.
Essay on Sea- water Bathing and the Internal Use of Sea- water.
8vo. Lond. 1786.
414 ROLL OF THE [1791
An Essay on the Method of Studying Natural History. 8vo.
Lond. 1787.
Advice to Grouty Persons. 8vo. Lond. 1789.
JEREMIAH WHITAKER NEWMAN was bred a surgeon,
and practised for several years in that capacity in Lon-
don. He was admitted an Extra-Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 9th December, 1790, when he settled
as a physician at Bingwood, in Hampshire, and died
there 27th July, 1839, aged eighty. He was the
author of
A Short Inquiry into the Merits of Solvents, so far as it may be
necessary to compare them with the Operation of Lithotomy. 8vo.
Lond. 1781.
An Essay on the Principles and Manners of the Medical Pro-
fession ; with some occasional Remarks on the Use and Abuse of
Medicines. 8vo. Lond. 1783 ; and of an agreeable work
The Lounger's Common-Place Book. 3 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1805.
THOMAS MONRO, M.D., was the youngest son of John
Monro, M.D., a fellow of the College, and was born in
London in 1759. He was educated under Dr. Parr, at
Stanmore, on leaving which he was sent to Oriel col-
lege, Oxford, and as a member of that house proceeded
A.B. 4th December, 1780 ; A.M. 15th July, 1783 ; M.B.
24th January, 1785 ; M.D. 24th May, 1787. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 29th
March, 1790 ; and a Fellow 18th April, 1791. He was
Censor in 1792, 1799, 1812 ; Harveian Orator in 1799 ;
and was named an Elect 28th November, 1811. Dr.
Monro was appointed assistant physician to Bethlem
hospital 19th July, 1787 ; and physician, 2nd February,
1792, an office which he continued to hold until June,
1816, when he was succeeded by his son Dr. Edward
Thomas Monro. He died 14th May, 1833, in the
seventy-fourth year of his age, and was buried at
Bushey, having many years previously retired from
the practice of his profession.* Dr. Monro was a lover,
* Licetne filio patris memoriam dilectissimi proferre ? anne
obstet virtutum recensioni quod ex lingua profluat nepotum genitoris
commendatio. Vereor certe ne tarn cari capitis nimium accen-
1791] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 415
and towards the close of his life, a great patron, of the
fine arts. His judgment was accurate, his taste cor-
rect ; he' was one of the first to recognise the talents of
the celebrated painter Turner, to whom he proved a
warm and constant friend. That great artist was a fre-
quent visitor at Dr. Monro's house at Bushey, and the
doctor possessed a large collection of the early works
of his protegG. A portrait of Dr. Monro, in chalk,
has been recently presented to the College by his grand-
son Dr. Henry Monro.
SAMUEL GURNEY EDMONDS, M.D. A doctor of me-
dantur laudes, ne mihi nee opinanti quidem, nedum de industrial,
amor, affectus, desiderium justae quicquid veritatis fines transeat,
ne luctus sibi praeteritas am felicioris imagines repetens, in meros
abeat questus, nee veram intimi cordis effigiem exprimat. Recor-
damini tamen, quaeso, quorum casus misereamur ipsos intueri licet
et nosse familiariter, ut ab imo pectore quaa dicta sunt hand dubie
proficiscantur, nee minus amicus vester, quod pater esset meus. A
me praesertim desideratum semperque desiderandum nomen, vobis,
uti credo, non indignum, quod in memoria teneatur, sed cupio, ut
satis dicam, nee nimis, pium quaa unice deceant filium, parentem
quae non dedeceant honoratissimum. Ecquis autem majori simpli-
citatis aut honestatis laude societatem hanc unquam exornavit ?
In arte sua candidus et apertus veritati unice consuluit, non orna-
mentis. Studiorum, qua3 naturae imitatione multiplici allectant ho-
minum animos et mores emolliunt, amantissimus. Tabularum etiam
signorumque pulchritudine, atque omni antiquitatis elegantia ex-
ercitatissimus, eorumque omnium quae pictoris ingenium calliditate
graphica depinxit mirave colorum varietate decoravit, opifex ipse
vaferrimus si quis alius, ut inter eos quibuscum inclaruit paucissi-
mos certe pares inveniatis. In tota vitae consuetudine gravitas,
sinceritas. Judicium sanum, verum et ab omni affectatione alienum.
Nilj.il unquam in vita illiberale, nihil in praxi sordidum, nihil sub-
dolum aut facere potuit aut pati. Quis intimos illos nexus cognovit
melius quibus ad parentes, ad amicos, conjugem, liberos obstricti
eumus ? Quis vitae inter rnris delicias actae (quantum inter negotia
licuerit) perteutavit acrius ? Has avide haurire solitus et ubi jam
consenuerit inter senectutis solamina vitaeque decedentis gaudia ju-
dicavit. Quinetiam affectus hosec moresque blandos, ut qai se ab
ineunte setate mitioribus studiis, dediderit usque ad extremum vitae
retinuit quo plures gravioresque nobis causas relinqueret et desiderii
et doloris. Sic "Genitorem omnis cura3 casusque levamen amitto."
Oratio Harveiana, habita sext. kal. Jul. an. MDCCCXXXiv, ab Edvardo
Tho. Monro, M.D., pp. 17 and et seq.
416 ROLL OF THE [1791
dicine, of Leyden, of 7th June, 1788, and then twenty-
three years of age, was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 21st June, 1791. He died
at Wendover, 23rd March, 1838.
SIR ALEXANDER CRICHTON, M.D., was the second
son of Mr. Alexander Crichton, of Woodhouselee and
Newington, in Mid Lothian, and was born in Edinburgh,
2nd December, 1763. He received his general educa-
tion in his native city, and was placed at an early age
with Mr. Alexander Wood, a surgeon of much eminence
in Edinburgh. At the termination of his apprentice-
ship in 1784, he came to London to continue his studies,
and in the summer of the following year, passing over
to Leyden, proceeded doctor of medicine there 29th
July, 1785. From Leyden he went to Paris, to perfect
himself in the French language, and improve his know-
ledge of medicine. Leaving Paris in 1786, he studied
successively at Stuttgard, Vienna, and Halle, and
during his stay in the last named university resided in
the house of professor Meckel. Having visited Berlin
and Gottingen he returned to London, and in May,
1789, became a member of the Corporation of Surgeons,
and commenced business as a surgeon in London ; but,
dish" king the operative part of that profession, he got
himself disfranchised of the Surgeons' company, and on
the 25th June, 1791, was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians. In 1794 he was elected physi-
cian to the Westminster hospital, and during his con-
nection with that institution lectured (as did his con-
temporary, Dr. George Fordyce) on the three subjects
of chemistry, materia medica, and the practice of physic.
In 1798 appeared his work on Mental Derangement,
which gained him reputation at home and abroad. He
was appointed physician to the duke of Cambridge, and
in 1804 was offered the appointment of physician in
ordinary to the emperor Alexander I of Russia. Dr.
Crichton was graciously received in St. Petersburgh,
1791] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 417
and soon gained the full confidence and esteem of the
emperor and of the several members of the imperial
family. Within a few years he was appointed to the
head of the whole Civil Medical Department ; and in
this capacity was much consulted by the dowager Em-
press, in the construction and regulation of many insti-
tutions which owe their origin to her active charity and
watchful superintendence.
Dr. Crichton's exertions to mitigate the horrors of
an epidemic, which was devastating the south-eastern
provinces of Russia in 1809, were most exemplary, and
were fully acknowledged by the emperor, who conferred
on him the knight grand cross of the order of St. Anne
and St. Vladimir, third class ; and in 1814 for his long
aud faithful services that of the second class.
Having obtained leave of absence on account of the
state of his health, Dr. Crichton returned to this country
in the spring of 1819; but in the following year was re-
called to Russia to take charge of the grand duchess
Alexandra, whom he accompanied on her convalescence
to Berlin, where he stayed for a short time, and then re-
turned to his family. On the 27th December, 1820,
Frederic William III of Prussia created him knight
grand cross of the Red Eagle, second class ; and in 1821
he was knighted by George IV, and obtained the royal
permission to wear his foreign orders.* Sir Alexander
Orichton died at Sevenoaks, Kent, 4th June, 1856, at
the patriarchal age of ninety-two, having been for many
years the senior licentiate of the College. He was
buried in the cemetery at Norwood. He was the
author of
An Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Mental Derangement,
comprehending a Concise System of the Physiology and Pathology
of the Human Mind ; and, A History of the Passions and their Effects.
2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1798.
A Synoptical Table of Diseases, exhibiting their Arrangement in
Classes, Orders, Genera, and Species, designed for the use of Stu-
dents. Lond. 1805.
* Proceedings of the Eoyal Society of London, vol. viii, p. 269.
VOL. II. 2 E
418 ROLL OF THE [1791
An Account of some Experiments with the Vapour of Tar in the
Cure of Pulmonary Consumption. 8vo. Edinb. 1817.
On the Treatment and Cure of Pulmonary Consumption. 8vo.
Lond. 1823.
Commentaries on some Doctrines of a Dangerous Tendency in
Medicine, and on the General Principles of Safe Practice. 8vo.
Lond. 1842.
JOHN ROGERSON, M.D. A native of Scotland, and a
doctor of medicine, of Edinburgh, of 24th June, 1786
(D.M.I, de Sanguinis Detractionis Usu et Abusu) ; was
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1791. He died (I believe) at Dumcrieff 21st
December, 1823.
JOSEPH SHAW, M.D. A native of Cheshire, and a
doctor of medicine of Aberdeen of the 21st May, 1787,
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
25th June, 1791.
SOLOMON DE LEON, M.D., was born in the island of
St. Christopher, and educated at Leyden, where he
proceeded doctor of medicine 17th September, 1790
(D.M.I, de Inflammatione). He was admitted a Licen-
tiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1791.
CHARLES SCOTT, M.D. A native of Yorkshire, and a
doctor of medicine, of Edinburgh, of 24th June, 1790
(D.M.I, de Podagra) ; was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 25th June, 1791.
JOHN HEMMING, M.D., was born at Kingston, in
Surrey, and was the son of Mr. Thomas Hemming, a
surgeon in that town. He received his medical educa-
tion at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medi-
cine 24th June, 1785 (D.M.I, de Somno). He was ad-
mitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1791 ; and, settling in London, was ap-
pointed physician to the Marylebone infirmary. Sub-
sequently he removed to Newbury, and thence to An-
dover, where he died on the 16th February, 1809.
1791] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 419
EDMOND SOMERS, M.D., was born in Dublin, and
educated at Trinity college, where he took- the degree
of bachelor of arts ; after which he removed to Edin-
burgh, and graduated doctor of medicine there 12th
September, 1 783 (D.M.I, de Sonis et Auditu). He then
visited the medical schools of Paris and Leyden ; and,
returning to Dublin, was elected a member of the Royal
Irish Academy. Dr. Somers was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 22nd December, 1791, and
then commenced practice in London ; but in 1795 was
appointed physician to the Forces. His first destina-
tion in that capacity was the Cape of Good Hope, where
he remained several years, and was placed at the head
of the medical staff as director of hospitals. Return-
ing to England, he was employed for a time upon the
home district ; but ere long proceeded as staff physician
to Jamaica. After two years' residence in that island
he was compelled by ill health to return to England.
His health improving, he joined the army in the Penin-
sula, and remained there, doing duty at the principal
dep6ts during the whole of the operations in Portugal
and Spain. Soon after the battle of Waterloo, Dr.
Somers retired from active service, and fixed his abode
in London, where he died (I believe) in 1828. He was
the author of " Commentariolum, quaedam de Dysen-
teria, Febribus Intermittentibus ac Remittentibus Me-
dendis complectens, Exercitus Castrenses per certas
AnniTempestates potissimum infestantibus," 8vo. Lond.
1816; an English version of which was published by
the author the same year.
THOMAS BRADLEY, M.D., was born in Worcester-
shire, in which county he for many years conducted a
school, where mathematics, in which he was a proficient,
was the prominent department of study. About the
year 1786 he withdrew from the business of education,
and. devoting himself to medicine, proceeded to Edin-
burgh, where he graduated doctor of medicine 24th
June, 'l791 (D.M.I. de Epispasticorum Usu). He then
2 E 2
420 ROLL OF THE [1792
settled in London, and was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1791. Dr. Brad-
ley edited the "Medical and Physical Journal" for
many years ; was physician to the Westminster hos-
pital from 1794 to 1811; and died in St. George's fields
in 1813, aged sixty-two. His retired habits in early
life had unfitted him for the metropolis, to which he
proved unequal, rather from diffidence than from want
of professional knowledge. He was more read in books
than in men ; and, as he always hesitated, like a genuine
mathematician, to draw conclusions from uncertain
premises, he appeared to little advantage in the sick
room. His portrait, by Medley, was engraved by N.
Branwhite. He published
A New Medical Dictionary, containing a Concise Explanation of
all the Terms used in Medicine, Surgery, Pharmacy, Botany,
Natural History, and Chemistry, compiled by the late J. Fox, M.D.
Revised and augmented. 12mo. Lond. 1803.
A Treatise on Worms and other Animals which infest the Human
Body. 12mo. Lond. 1813.
WILLIAM SCOT, M.D. A native of Edinburgh, and
a doctor of medicine of Glasgow, of 26th June, 1786 ;
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
2nd April, 1792.
EDWARD GOODMAN CLARKE, M.D. A native of
London, and a doctor of medicine of Aberdeen, of 24th
October, 1791 ; was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 2nd April, 1792. He held the office
of physician to the army, and was the author of the
following works
Medicines Praxeos Compendium, Symptomata, Causas, Diagnosin,
Prognosin, et Medendi rationem exhibens. 12mo. Lond. 1799.
The Modern Practice of Physic. 8vo. Lond. 1805.
Pharmacopceiarnm Collegiorum Regalium Londini, Edinburgi et
Eblanee Conspectus Medicus. 12mo. Lond. 1810.
Conspectus of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmaco-
poeias. 12mo. Lond. 1810.
The New London Practice of Physic. 8vo. Lond. 1812.
1792] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 421
JOHN MULLER, M.D. A doctor of medicine of the
university of Copenhagen, of 1st July, 1787 (D.M.I. de
Medicamentis Antimonialibus, 8vo.) ; was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1792.
He practised at Christiana, in Norway.
EICHARD TEMPLE, M.D., was born at Malton, in
Yorkshire, and received his medical education at Edin-
burgh and Leyden. He proceeded doctor of medicine
in the last-named university 8th October, 1791, being
then thirty-two years of age (D.M.I, de Synocha), and
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
25th June, 1792. Settling in London, he was in 1802,
elected physician to the Marylebone dispensary. Dr.
Temple died 14th May, 1826. He was the author
of
The Practice of Physic ; wherein is attempted a concise Exposi-
tion of the Characters, Causes, Symptoms of Diseases, and Method
of Cure, 8vo. Lond. 1792.
JOHN AIKEN, M.D., was the son of a dissenting
minister, and was born at Kibworth, in Leicestershire,
15th January, 1747. After a good preliminary educa.-
tion from his father, who kept a respectable and well
frequented boarding school, and then at the Dissenters'
academy at Warrington, to which his father had been
appointed theological tutor, he was apprenticed to Max-
well Garthshore, at that time practising as an apothe-
cary at Uppingham, who afterwards graduated in phy-
sic, settled in London as an accoucheur, and has been
mentioned in this volume. He studied medicine at
Edinburgh ; and in 1771 settled as a surgeon at Ches-
ter, but soon removed to Warrington, and was appointed
lecturer on physiology and chemistry to the Dissenters'
academy there. He proceeded doctor of medicine, at
Leyden, 19th July, 1784 (D.M.I, de Lactis Secretione
in Puerperis) ; and then settled as a physician at Yar-
mouth, where he continued with steadily^ increasing
professional reputation for a period of eight years.
Towards the end of that time he became involved in
422 ROLL OF THE [1792
the political agitation consequent on the attempt to
obtain a repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts ; he
took an active part with the Dissenters, and published
two pamphlets on the subject. The clergy of the
church of England, who had warmly supported him,
now took alarm, withdrew their countenance, and
encouraged Dr. Girdlestone to settle at Yarmouth. Dr.
Aiken, seeing his prospects in that town destroyed,
escaped from the impending bitterness of a personal
controversy by removing to London. He was admitted
a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June,
1792. Although his connexions in London by family
and acquaintance were considerable, he never obtained
much professional employment. He was little fitted by
temper or habit for the fatigue and struggle necessary
to success in town, and he willingly and wisely followed
the bent of his disposition, and devoted himself almost
exclusively to literary pursuits. Immediately after set-
tling in London he commenced, in conjunction with his
sister, Mrs. Barbauld, the well-known series entitled
" Evenings at Home," which was completed in June
1795, by the publication of the fifth and sixth volumes.
This work had a most extensive sale, is still popular,
and has been translated into almost every European
language. His next and probably most important work
was " Letters from a Father to a Son, on various Topics
relative to Literature and the Conduct of Life." In
1796 he became the editor of the "Monthly Magazine,"
and continued so for ten years ; and in 1807 started a
new magazine, " The Athenseum," which lasted for two
years and a half only. In the same year in which he
undertook the editorship of the " Monthly Magazine,"
he commenced, in conjunction with his friend Dr. En-
field, his " General Biographical Dictionary." This
work extended to ten quarto volumes, and his own por-
tion is said to have amounted to almost one-half. He
was engaged upon it twenty years, the tenth and con-
cluding volume being published in 1815. He undertook
the editorship of " Dodsley's Annual Register," in 1811 ;
1792] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 423
and his last publication, " Select Works of the British
Poets, with Biographical and Critical Prefaces," made
its appearance in 1820. Dr. Aiken died from paralysis
at Stoke Newington (where he had resided since 1797),
on the 7th December, 1822, in his seventy -fifth year.
His portrait, by J s Donaldson, was engraved by C.
Knight. He was the author of many other works than
those above mentioned, for a list and some particulars
of which I must refer to a memoir of his life and writ-
ings by his daughter, Lucy Aiken, published in 1823.
His medical writings were
An Essay 011 the Ligature of Arteries. 8vo. London. 1770.
Observations on the External Use of Preparations of Lead, with
Remarks on Topical Medicines. 8vo. Lond. 1771.
Thoughts on Hospitals. 8vo. Lond. 1771.
Specimen of the Medical Biography of Great Britain, with an
Address to the Public. 8vo. Lond. 1775.
Biographical Memoirs of Medicine in Great Britain, from the
Revival of Literature to the Time of Harvey. 8vo. Lond. 1780.
A Manual of Materia Medica. 8vo. Yarmouth. 1785.
SAYER WALKER, M.D., was born in London, and
educated as a dissenting minister. For some years he
presided over a congregation of presbyterian dissen-
ters at Enfield, but after a time his mind took a bias
towards medicine, the study of which he commenced in
London and completed at Edinburgh. He was created
doctor of medicine by the university of Aberdeen 31st
December, 1791 ; and was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians . 25th June, 1792. He devoted
himself to midwifery and the diseases of women and
children, and in June, 1794, was elected physician to
the city of London Lying-in hospital. Dr. Walker died
at Clifton, whither he had retired a few years previously,
on the 9th November, 1826, in the seventy-eighth year
of his age. He was the author of
A Treatise on Nervous Diseases, in which are introduced some
Observations on the Structure and Functions of the Nervous
System, &c. 8vo. Lond. 1796.
Observations on the Constitution of Women, and on some of the
Diseases to which they are more especially liable. 12mo. Lond.
1803.
424 BOLL OF THE
WALTER VAUGHAN, M.D., was born in 1766, at
Frome, in Somersetshire, and was the son of Walter
Hamilton Vaughan, M.D., a much respected physician
in that town. He received his preliminary education
under a relative of his mother, a clergyman of the
church of England, beneficed at Beverstone, in Glouces-
tershire. His medical education was commenced at
Winchester, by an apprenticeship to a surgeon ; after
which he entered at the united Borough hospitals, and
during the latter part of his abode in London resided
with Dr. Babington. He then proceeded to Ley den,
where he graduated doctor of medicine 18th July, 1786
(D.M.I, de Connubio Chemico). After travelling for
some time on the continent he returned to London, and
went from thence to Edinburgh, where he passed one
medical session. He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 1st October, 1792. Dr. Vaughan
then settled at Rochester, where he continued until his
death in 1828. He was the author of
An Exposition of the Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, con-
taining the Praelectiones Anatomicse of Ferd. Leber, translated from
the original Latin. 2 vols. 8vo. 1791.
An Essay, Philosophical and Medical, concerning Modern Cloth-
ing. 8vo. Rochester. 1792.
Evidence of the Superior Efficacy of the Yellow Bark, &c. 8vo.
Lond. 1795.
Some Account of an Appearance in the Flesh of a Sheep. 8vo.
1813.
An Essay on Headaches and their Cure. 8vo. Lond. 1825.
JOHN ROGER MURRAY, M.D. A native of London
and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 12th Sep-
tember, 1787 (D.M.I, de Abortu) ; was admitted a Li-
centiate of the College of Physicians 22nd December,
1792.
WILLIAM MOORE, M.D., was born in London, and
was the eldest son of Mr. William Moore, who, after
acquiring an ample fortune in the drug trade, in Lon-
don, retired to Missenden, co. Bucks. He received his
early education at Campden school, near Broadway,
1793] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 425
Worcestershire, whence he was transferred to Pembroke
college, Oxford, as a member of which he proceeded
A.B. 22nd October, 1784 ; A.M. 6th June, 1787 ; M.B.
17th June, 1788 ; M.D. 10th May, 1791. He was ad-
mitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 25th
June, 1792 ; a Fellow, 25th June, 1793 ; and was Cen-
sor in 1793. He was physician to the duke of York,
and to the army, and went through the greater part
of the campaign in Flanders. He was subsequently
sent with troops to Ireland ; and, after remaining there
some time, returned with the intention of settling in
London. In 1803, however, on the renewal of the war,
Dr. Moore was selected to fill the newly created office
of principal medical officer to the army depot in the
Isle of Wight. He therefore fixed his residence in that
island, and continued there till his death, which oc-
curred at Hyde in the spring of 1832, at the age of
sixty- six.
JOHN HUNTER, M.D., was born in Perthshire, and,
after a good preliminary education, proceeded to Edin-
burgh, and commenced the study of medicine. He took
the degree of doctor of medicine there 12th September,
1775 (D.M.I, de Hominum Varietatibus et harum
Causis) ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 24th March, 1777 ; and about that time was
appointed physician to the army. He was admitted a
Fellow of the College, speciali gratia, 25th June, 1793 ;
was Censor in 1793, 1799; Gulstonian Lecturer in 1796 ;
and Croonian Lecturer in 1797, 1799, 1800, 1801. Dr.
Hunter was a fellow of the Royal Society, and physi-
cian extraordinary to the prince of Wales. He would
seem to have been the first to recognise softening of the
brain as a distinct pathological condition, and he made
this subject the topic of his Gulstonian lectures in 1796.*
He died at his house, in Hill-street, Berkeley-square,
29th January, 1809.f He was the author of-
* Bright's Reports on Medical Cases, vol. ii, part i, p. 195.
t " Huntems cum in insulas occidentales cum exercitu profectus
426 ROLL OF THE [1793
Observations on the Diseases of the Army in Jamaica, and on the
best means of Preserving the Health in Hot Climates. 8vo. Lond.
1788.
ROBERT ROBERTSON, M.D., was born in Scotland
about 1742, and educated as a surgeon, in which capa-
city he entered the navy in 1768. He was created
doctor of medicine by the university of Aberdeen 1 2th
February, 1779 ; and was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 25th June, 1793, about which
time he was appointed physician to Greenwich hospital.
Dr. Robertson died at Greenwich in 1829, aged eighty-
seven. He was a fellow of the Royal and Antiquarian
Societies, and the author of
A Physical Journal kept on board H.M. Ship " Rainbow," daring
three voyages to the Coast of Africa and the West Indies ; with a
Particular Account of the Remitting Fever which happened on that
coast in 1769 in H.M. Sloop " Weasel." 4to. Lond. 1779.
Observations on Jail, Hospital, or Ship Fever, from 4th April,
1776, to 30th April, 1789, made in various parts of Europe and
America, and on the Intermediate Seas. 8vo. Lond. 1789.
An Essay on Fevers ; in which their theoretic genera, species,
and various denominations are, from experience and observation of
thirty years, reduced to their characteristic genus, febrile infection,
and the cure established on philosophic induction. 8vo. Lond.
1790.
Observations on the Diseases incident to Seamen. 4 vols. 8vo.
Lond. 1807.
Synopsis Morborum : a Summary View or Observation on the
Principal Diseases incident to Seamen or Soldiers. 2 vols. 8vo.
Lond. 1810.
EDWARD ROBERTS, M.D., was born in Surrey, and
educated at Trinity college, Cambridge. He proceeded
M.B. 1787 ; M.D. 1792 ; was admitted a Candidate of
esset, ita militum curam agebat, ut ejus operam et sedulitatem satis
laudare nonpossim. Nihil quidem, quod ad sanitatem tuendam ullo
modo pertinebat, videtur neglexisse ; sed et tempestates cceli accura-
tissime observavit ; et locorum opportunitates providentissime mons-
travit ; morborumque causas, et signa, curationemque sedulo in-
vestigavit ; postremo, quod nostra prsecipue interest, omnia, ut scitis,
libro perutili comprehensa edidit." Oratio Harveiana habita anno
MDCCCIX a Gulielmo Heberden. p. 23
1794] BOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 427
the College of Physicians 1st October, 1792 ; and a
Fellow 30th September, 1793. He was Censor in 1794,
1800, 1805, 1810, 1813; Gulstonian lecturer, 1795;
Harveian orator, 1801 ; Croonian lecturer, 1802,
1803, 1804 ; and Elect, 6th October, 1813. On taking
his bachelor's degree in physic, he commenced practice
at Lewes, but in 1793 removed to London ; and on the
13th February, 1794, was elected physician to St. Bar-
tholomew's hospital, an office the duties of which he
performed for forty years, resigning it in 1834, when
he retired from practice, and quitted London. Dr.
Roberts died at Croydon 21st November, 1846, aged
eighty-four.
ROBERT HENDERSON, M.D. A native of Scotland,
and a doctor of medicine of Aberdeen, of 20th May,
1786 ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 23rd December, 1793. He held the appoint-
ment of physician to the forces, and died at Brighton
3rd April, 1808.
THOMAS STORY, M.D., was born in Cumberland, and
received his medical education at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1791 (D.M.I,
de Hydrope Anasarca). He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 23rd December, 1793 ;
and would seem to have died about the year 1798.
SIR HENRY HALFORD, BART., M.D., G.C.H. This
distinguished member of the medical profession was
the second son (the eldest son having died at an early
period) of Dr. James Vaughan, an eminent physician at
Leicester, and was born in that town on the 2nd Octo-
ber, 1 766. He was educated at Rugby, and whilst
there evinced that love of classical literature for which
he was afterwards so distinguished. He went from
Rugby to Christchurch, Oxford, and, as a member of
that house, proceeded A.B. 31st January, 1788 ; A.M.
17th June, 1788; M.B. 14th January, 1790; M.D.
428 ROLL OF THE [1794
27th October, 1791. Previously to taking his degrees
in physic, he had spent some months in Edinburgh,
and he practised for a short time in conjunction with
his father at Leicester. Dr. Vaughan came to London
about 1792 ; and, consulting Sir George Baker on his
future prospects, was told that he stood little chance
in the metropolis for five years, during which time he
must continue to support himself from other sources at
the rate of about 300/. a year. Nothing daunted, and
doubtless confident in his own powers, he, with this in-
tention (and the alternative, in case of failure, of re-
turning to Leicester, to take his father's position),
borrowed 1,0001., and on that capital commenced his
career in London. He was elected physician to the
Middlesex hospital on the 20th of February, 1793 ; was
admitted a Candidate of the Royal College of Physi-
cians on the 25th of March, 1793 ; and a Fellow on
the 14th of April, 1794.
His Oxford connexions, elegant attainments, and
pleasing manners at once introduced him into good
society, and he secured a position among the aristocracy
by his marriage, on the 31st of March, 1795, to the
Hon. Elizabeth Barbara St. John, the third daughter
of John eleventh Lord St. John of Bletsoe. Dr.Vaugban's
success from the very first would seem to have been
certain ; and Dr. Richard Warren, then one of the lead-
ing physicians in London, and a man of shrewd obser-
vation and sound judgment, predicted, on his settling
in town, that he would rise to the head of his profession.
His progress to wards that position was rapid. In 1793,
within a year of his settlement in London, he was
appointed physician extraordinary to the king ; and by
the year 1800, his private engagements had become so
numerous, that he was compelled to relinquish his hos-
pital appointment. Other circumstances conspired to
advance his interests. After the death of lady Denbigh,
widow of his mother's cousin, Sir Charles Halford, he
became possessed of an ample fortune, and changed his
name in 1809, by act of Parliament, from Vaughan to
1794] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 429
Halford, and, as a mark of royal favour, was created a
baronet on the 27bh September, 1809.
About this time, when in attendance on the Princess
Amelia, George III desired him, in case of his Majesty's
experiencing a relapse of his mental derangement, to
take the care of him, adding that Sir Henry must pro-
mise not to leave him ; and, if he wanted further help,
he should call Dr. Heberden ; and in case of further
need, which would necessarily occur if Parliament took
up the matter, Dr. Baillie.
On the illness of the king, which occurred soon after-
wards, Sir Henry Halford, though physician extraor-
dinary only, was summoned to attend ; and his prompt
introduction of Dr. Heberden and Dr. Baillie, at once
insured the confidence of the queen and of the prince of
Wales, the latter of whom appointed Sir Henry one of
his physicians in ordinary, and secured for him in 1812
the appointment of physician in ordinary to the king.
The confidence then reposed in Sir Henry by the prince
was continued when the latter came to the throne,
he was appointed physician in ordinary to George IV,
and he held the same position in the medical establish-
ments of William IV and of her present Majesty Queen
Victoria. Sir Henry Halford was thus physician in
ordinary to four successive sovereigns. At the death-
bed of three of these it was his melancholy privilege to
minister. Almost every member of the royal family
from the time of George III had been under Sir Henry's
professional care. His attentions to the duke of York
during his last iDness were so unremitting, that, to
manifest the sense entertained of them, he received, by
royal warrant, a grant of armorial augmentations and
supporters. His arms were previously : Argent, a grey-
hound passant sable, on a chief azure three fleurs-de-
lis or. For the centre fleur-de-lis was substituted a
rose argent ; and, in further augmentation, was added,
on a canton ermine a staff entwined with a serpent
proper, and ensigned with a coronet composed of crosses
patee and fleurs-de-lis (being that of a prince of the
430 ROLL OF THE [1794
blood-royal). As a crest of augmentation, a staff en-
twined with a serpent or, as on the canton. As sup-
porters, two emews proper, each gorged with a coronet,
composed of crosses pate'e and fleurs-de-lis.
Upon the decease of George IV. Sir Henry received
another flattering proof of royal esteem and appre-
ciation a very splendid clock, surmounted by a bust
of his Majesty, was presented to him by the royal
family, in evidence, as the inscription states, " of
their esteem and regard, and in testimony of the high
sense they entertain of his professional abilities and un-
wearied attention to their late beloved sister the Princess
Amelia, her late Majesty queen Charlotte, his late
Majesty King George III, his late royal highness the
duke of York, and lastly, to his Majesty George IV."
Sir Henry Halford's progress and eminence among
his professional brethren, and in the College of Phy-
sicians, were no less rapid and distinguished than with
the public and the royal family. His attainments as a
practical physician were of the very highest order.
Though inferior, it is said, to Dr. Baillie in accuracy of
diagnosis, he was undoubtedly superior to him in that
which constitutes the real aim and office of the physi-
cian the cure and alleviation of disease. In this point
of view, Sir Henry Halford attained to consummate
skill. Endowed with quick perception, a sound judg-
ment, and an almost intuitive knowledge of the powers
of medicines, he wielded the resources of his art with a
confidence, precision, and success, which was unap-
proached by any of his contemporaries. For many
years he shared with Dr. Baillie the highest professional
honours, confidence, and emoluments of the metropolis ;
and on the death of that great anatomist, in 1823, he
was left without a rival. Thenceforward, until over-
taken by age and illness, he maintained an indisputable
. ,1 n
pre-eminence in tne protession.
No sketch of Sir Henry Halford's life would be com-
plete without especial reference to his long and distin-
guished connection with the Royal College of Physicians.
1794] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 431
Throughout the whole of his successful career, and even
when most oppressed by the arduous and harassing
duties of his extensive professional business, Sir Henry
was ever attentive to the highest interests of that
learned body, and ready and anxious to devote himself,
his energies, a,nd influence to the furtherance of its wel-
fare and the maintenance of its dignity. He served the
office of Censor in 1795, 1801, 1815; he delivered the
Harveian oration in 1800, and again in 1835 ; he was
named an Elect the 6th of February, 1815 ; and on the
30th of September, 1820, was elected President, an
office to which he was annually and unanimously re-
elected, and the duties of which he continued to per-
form with honour to the College and credit to himself
till his death, on the 9th of March, 1844, in the seventy-
eighth year of his age.
To Sir Henry Halford's energy and exertions the
College of Physicians mainly owe their removal from
Warwick-lane to Pall-mall East, The inconvenience
of the former situation, the rapidly increasing and
almost irremediable dilapidations of the buildings of the
old College, with the consequent deterioration of the
property, had long been seen and lamented. Various
attempts towards repair or removal had been made, but
each and all had proved abortive. On Sir Henry's elec-
tion to the office of President, he applied his energies
to the furtherance of an object which the Fellows had
much at heart, but had not dared to encounter. Mainly
through Sir Henry Halford's influence, a grant of the
ground on which the College now stands was obtained
from the Crown ; the Fellows lent their pecuniary aid
by donations, subscriptions, and loans ; the present Col-
lege was commenced ; and on the 25th of June, 1825,
was opened by Sir Henry Halford, with an eloquent Latin
oration, delivered to an audience of upwards of three
hundred persons, among whom were their royal high-
nesses the dukes of York, Sussex, Cambridge, Glou-
cester, the Prince Leopold, and a brilliant assemblage
of the most noble and learned of the land. The king,
432 BOLL OP THE [1794
on the moraing of the opening of the College, had been
graciously pleased to confer on the President the star
of a knight commander of the Guelphic order, and
William IV subsequently promoted him to be a grand
cross. Sir Henry, in testimony of his appreciation of
the " noble exertions " which the Fellows had made to
furnish the means of rebuilding the College, munificently
defrayed the expenses (amounting to 300/.) of the splen-
did collation provided on the occasion of the opening.
The debt of gratitude due from the College of Phy-
sicians to Sir Henry Halford, for his unwearied exer-
tions in its behalf, cannot be overrated. It has been
respectfully acknowledged in several of the Harveian
orations in none, however, with equal elegance, or
with so happy a sketch of the President's character, as in
the eloquent oration of 1848, by Dr. Francis Hawkins :
" Ecquis enim unquarn fuit, vel Medicus clarior vel lit-
teris perpolitior, vel Collegii amantior, vel omnibus fere
acceptior ? Sit mihi fas in hoc dilecto nomine paulisper
immorari. Erat, ut nostis, ad morbos dijudicandos sa-
gax, ad sublevandos pollens ; iogenii acumine, reme-
diorum copia, pariter insignia. Nolite autem existimare,
Auditores, eum ingenii vi aut acumine tantummodo
esse confisum. Vobis ego hoc confirrnare possum, vel
diligentissimk eum juvenilem setatem egisse. Tuto,
prius, et scienter, armis uti perdidicerat, quam celeriter
et venuste. Studio igitur et labore extitit Medicus,
plenus et perfectus, cui nihil neque a Natura denega-
tum, neque a Doctrina non delatum esse videretur.
" Mores hominum et vitse consuetudinem apprim
callebat ; atque is er'at qui, facillime citissimeque, rnentes
omnium sensusque degustaret. Ejus erat proprium
maxime, ' scire uti foro ;' et laus ea, uon ultima
' Principibus placuisse viris.'
Erga omnes erat benevolus, quippe, suapte natura,
suavis et benignus ; quippe, cum dolentibus optime me-
deri soleret, a dolore quovis animanti cuiquam incu-
tiendo refugiebat. Itaque, vir erat plurimis amicitiis,
inimicitiis perpaucis aut nullis : nam si forte dissensio
1794] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 433
aliqua incidisset, quamprimuin redire in gratiam ges-
tiebat animus.
" Ardebat, mihi credite, singular! quodam amore in
hoc Collegium, cui, tarn diu, omnium concessu, prsefuit.
Quid enim ? testabor has ipsas sedes ? quas maximis cu-
ris et laboribus suis, nobis adparavit ; quas dedicavit
oratione puni sic, ut Latine loqui poene solus videretur ;
quas igitur ei, quern prope dixerim Conditorern nos-
trum quintum, perpetuo fore monumento prorsus existi-
mo. Hie, hie inquam, si qugerat quispiam Halfordi
monumentum, circunaspiciat."
Sir Henry Halford was a fellow of the Royal and
Antiquarian societies, and a trustee of Rugby school ;
and, in virtue of his office as President of the College
of Physicians, was president of the National Vaccine
Establishment, and a trustee of the British Museum.
He died from the effects of natural decay, attended
with much neuralgic pain, at his house in Curzon-
street, May Fair, on the 9th March, 1844, and was
buried in the church of Wistow, Leicestershire, where
a monument to his memory bears the following inscrip-
tion :
HENEICO HALFORD, Baronetto, G.C.H.,
ex M&Q Christi apud Oxonienses M.D.
Jacobi Vaughan, Medici clari,
Filio clariori:
Qui Sobrini sui Caroli Halford, Baronetti,
(eidem ordini et ipse adscriptus),
Hsereditatem ex Testamento et Nomen suscepit.
Medicorum Coll. Beg. Londin.
cum plausu et favore omnium Annos xxiv. praefuit.
Begum Georgii III. Georgii IV. Gulielmi IV.
Medicus Ordinarius ;
Necnon a plerisque ejusdem stirpis principibus
in opem familiariter vocatus.
Ad morbos dijudicandos sagax, ad sublevandos pollens,
ingenii acumine, remediorum copia pariter insignia,
Artem quam moribus ornabat,
late et feliciter exercebat.
Literis humanioribus admodum imbutus,
Vixit omnibus acceptus, erga omnes benevolus.
Natus die Octobris ii, A.s, MDCCLXVI.
Obiit die Mart. ix. A.S. MDCCCXLIV.
VOL. II. 2 F
434 ROLL OF THE [1794
In solo Salutis Auctore Jesu Christo
spem vitse immortalis omnem collocavit.
Filius gratus pius
H. M. fac. cur.
Sir Henry Halford's portrait by Sir Thomas Law-
rence is at Wistow. It was engraved by C. Turner.
His bust by Chantry is in the Censor's room. It was
presented by certain of the fellows of the College at
the opening of the new building in Pall Mall East.*
* Some papers concerning it are now before me, and are as fol-
lows :
" At a meeting of the undersigned Fellows of the College held
at the house of Dr. Turner on Thursday, 27th May, 1824,
" Sir Lucas Pepys, bart., in the chair,
" Resolved. That in the opinion of this meeting the zeal and
ability with which Sir Henry Halford, bart., has conducted the
affairs of the College since he has been President, and the signal
success which has resulted from his indefatigable exertions, not
only in forwarding the great object of building a new edifice, but
in promoting the general welfare and dignity of the College, justly
entitle him to the gratitude of all the Fellows.
" That placing his bust among those of former eminent charac-
ters and benefactors at the period of opening the new edifice, would
be an appropriate and lasting memorial of the estimation in which
he is held by the College.
" That in order to obtain this object, the President be requested
to sit to Chantry for his bust, who has undertaken to finish it in
the course of a few months at the price of one hundred and fifty
guineas.
" That the sum of one hundred and fifty guineas be raised by a
subscription among such of the Fellows as are willing to con-
tribute.
" That the bust when completed be presented to the College, to
be placed at their discretion at the opening of the new edifice.
" That three guineas be paid forthwith by each subscriber,
which, from the number who have already signified their assent to
the measure, it is deemed will be sufficient.
" That Dr. Turner be requested to receive the subscriptions.
" Signed by the fellows present :
' Lucas Pepys, Edward T. Monro,
J. Latham, Geo. L. Tuthill,
G. P. Morris, W. Macmichael,
H. Ainslie, P. Mere Latham,
J. Franck, Francis H. Ramadge,
' Thomas Turner, H. H. Southey,
Thomas Hume, Robert Bree.
' John Bright,
1794] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 435
Sir Henry Halford's early success as a physician left
him but little leisure for composition. His two essays
in the " Medical Transactions " the one on the " Cli-
macteric Disease," the other on the " Necessity of
Caution in the Estimation of Symptoms in the last
steps of some Diseases " the only strictly medical
writings from his pen, are of a character to make us
regret that his contributions to our professional lite-
rature were not more numerous. His remaining essays
were read at the evening meetings of the College, be-
fore a mixed assemblage, and are, therefore, necessarily
of a somewhat popular character. They were admirably
adapted to the occasion, and they afford abundant
proof of Sir Henry's elegant taste and classical attain-
ments. His two Harveian orations, and his oration
on the opening of the new College, are models of Latin
composition ; while his " Nugae Metricse," written
chiefly in his carriage, and in the course of his profes-
sional rounds, testify to his ability in the composition
of Latin poetry.
THOMAS BLAIR, M.D., was born in Scotland, and
educated at Edinburgh, where he took his degree of
doctor of medicine 12th September, 1792 (D.M.I, de
Kespiratione). He then repaired to Leydenfor further
improvement ; returned to England, was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June,
1794 ; and, settling at Lewes, practised there for
several years. When the army returned after the
battle of Corunna, some detachments of the troops
(The names of thirty-three additional fellows were obtained
subsequent to the meeting,)
The bust was presented to the College on the 4th June, 1825,
under which date we read in the Annals : " Resolved that the
bust of the President, Sir Henry Halford, barb., which has been
executed by Chantry (in consequence of the Resolutions which
passed at a private meeting of the Fellows held on the 27th May,
1824), be accepted by the College, and placed at the opening of the
new edifice, among those of former eminent characters and bene-
factors already in the possession of the College."
2 F 2
436 ROLL OF THI: [1794
were quartered near Lewes, and among them typhus
fever prevailed to a great extent. Dr. Blair was ap-
pointed to the charge of these men, and for his skill
and attention on this occasion he received the thanks
of the duke of York. In 1814 Dr. Blair removed to
Brighton, where he continued to practise with consider-
able repute until within a few years of his death, which
occurred on the 15th April, 1853, at the advanced age
of eighty-nine. Dr. Blair took an active part in the
establishment of the Sussex county hospital, and was
for many years one of its physicians.
GEORGE PINCKARD, M.D., was the son of Henry
Pinckard, esq., of Handley hall, Northamptonshire, and
received his early education under a clergyman, the
friend and relative of his father. He commenced his
professional education at Guy's and St. Thomas's hos-
pitals, after which he proceeded to Edinburgh, and ulti-
mately to Leyden, where he proceeded doctor of medi-
cine 20th June, 1792. He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 30th September, 1794, and
then settled in London. Towards the end of 1795, Dr.
Pinckard was appointed physician to the forces, when he
accompanied Sir Ralph Abercromby in the expedition
to the West Indies. On his return to England, he was
placed in charge of troops, then suffering from a malig-
nant form of fever, at Ashford, Kent. He subsequently
went to Ireland with the Guards, on the staff of Gene-
ral Hulse, and served there during the rebellion. For
these services he was promoted to the rank of deputy
inspector-general of hospitals, and was appointed to the
joint direction of the medical department of the army
in the expedition to the Helder, under the command of
the duke of York. On his return to England, Dr.
Pinckard took up his permanent abode in London, and,
with untiring zeal and activity, established the Blooms-
bury dispensary, to which he was for more than thirty
years the sole physician. For some years prior to his
death Dr. Pinckard had suffered from symptoms of dis-
1795] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 437
eased heart, causing him much bodily suffering, and in-
capacitating him from much active exertion. He died
of angina pectoris in his consulting room, while in the
act of writing a prescription for a patient, 15th May,
1835, aged sixty-seven. Dr. Pinckard was the author
of
Notes on the "West Indies, written during the Expedition under
Sir Ralph Abercromby. 3 vols. 8vo. London. 1816.
Cases of Hydrophobia. 8vo. Lond. 1819.
Suggestions for Restoring the Moral Character and the Indus-
trious Habits of the Poor, for Establishing District Work-Farms, &c.
8vo. Lond. 1835.
GEORGE PAULET MORRIS, M.D., was born in West-
minster, and educated at Trinity hall, Cambridge,, as a
member of which he proceeded M.B. 1787 ; M.D. 1793.
Admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 14th
April, 1794 ; and a Fellow, 30th March, 1795 ; he was
Censor in 1802, 1809 ; and delivered the Harveian ora-
tion in 1803. Dr. Morris was physician to the Westmin-
ster hospital from 1787 to 1791. He died in Prince's-
court, St. James's-park, 17th September. 1837,. aged
seventy-eight.
HENRY AINSLIE, M.D. r was the son of James Ainslie,
M.D., a distinguished physician at Kendal, but was born
in Cumberland in 1760. After a sound preliminary edu-
cation at Kendal, he was sent to Pembroke college, Cam-
bridge, of which house he was a fellow. He graduated
A.B. 1781, and was senior wrangler of his year. He
proceeded A.M. 1784 ; had a licence ad practicandurn
from the university in 1787 ; and, commencing the prac-
tice of his profession at Cambridge, was elected one of
the physicians to Addenbrooke's hospital. He com-
menced M.D. 1793 ; and then, settling in London, was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 14th
April, 1794 ; and a Fellow, 30th March, 1795. He was
Censor in 1795, 1803, 1810, 1814, 1818; Harveian ora-
tor in 1802 ; and was named an Elect 14th July, 1818.
Dr. Ainslie was elected physician to St. Thomas's hos-
438 BOLL OF THE [1795
pital in 1795, but resigned his office there in 1800.
He resigned his office of Elect, on account of ill health,
30th September, 1 828 ; and died at Grizedale, near
Hawkshead, co. Northumberland, 26th October, 1834,
aged seventy-four. He is commemorated, with his
father and elder brother, on a tablet in the church of
Over Kellet, co. Lancaster. Dr. Ainslie's portrait, by
T. Stewardson, was engraved by W. Ward. R.A.*
WILLIAM HYDE WOLLASTON, M.D. This distin-
guished philosopher was descended from a family origi-
nally settled in Staffordshire. He was the third son of
the Rev. Francis Wollaston, F.R.S., rector of Chisel-
hurst, and St. Vedast, Foster-lane, and precentor of
St. David's, by his wife Althea Hyde, and was born in
Norfolk 6th August, 1766. He was one of fifteen chil-
dren, all of whom reached the age of manhood. His
constitution was naturally feeble, but by leading a life
of the strictest sobriety and abstemiousness he kept
himself in a state fit for the highest mental exertions.
Dr. Wollaston received his academical education at
Caius college, Cambridge, of which house he was a fel-
low ; and proceeded M.B. 1788; M.D. 1793. He
settled, in the first instance, at Bury St. Edmunds,
but before long removed to London ; was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 14th April,
1794 ; and a Fellow 30th March, 1795. He was Cen-
* "Is cum Cantabrigiee suae prima labra scientiee admovisset,
ibi tam pleno se proluit haustu, ut prsestantissimorum et summi
ingenii atque industries juvenum, actis examinationibus facile Prin-
ceps salutaretur, fratre suo majore natu proximum honoris locum
obtinente. Hisce sub auspiciis, cum ad medicinam exercendam se
accinxisset quis non ei pateret aditus ad opes, ad famam, ad amplitudi-
nem ? Omnes omnia bona dicere, et laudare fortunas medici, cui
visa sunt et fausta omnia ac felicia in procinctu stare. At ea est
tamen, quodammodo, artis nostraa conditio, ut Medicus, quamvis sit
eruditus, quamvis sit in omni scientia ad artem suam pertinente,
instructissimus, si fuerit idem in consuetudine vitae et in moribus ac
voluntatibus civium suornm hospes, parum ei proderit oleum
operamque inter calamos et scrinia consumpsisse." Oratio ex
Harvseii Institute habita 25 Junii, 1835, auct. Henr. Halford.
1795] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 439
sor in 1798, and became an Elect 13th February, 1824,
in place of Dr. Hervey, deceased. In 1800 Dr. Wol-
laston became a candidate for the office of physician to
St. George's hospital ; but, having been successfully
opposed by Dr. Pemberton, he took a dMike to the
profession, withdrew from its exercise, and thencefor-
ward devoted himself almost exclusively to chemistry.
His means, in consequence of the large family of his
father, were necessarily small, and he looked to che-
mistry as his means of livelihood. In this department
of science he attained to the highest eminence, and for
minuteness of apparatus, neatness of manipulation, and
accuracy of results, has never been surpassed. One of
his great discoveries, the malleability of platinum, pro-
duced him, it is said, as much as thirty thousand
pounds. He, with Sir Humphry Davy and Dr. Thomas
Young, ranked as the most eminent representatives of
English science of their age. He was secretary of the
Royal Society from 1804 to 1816, and on the 29th
June, 1820, was elected president of that society, an
office which he retained for a few months only, resigning
it on the 30th November following, when he was suc-
ceeded by Sir Humphry Davy. He received the Copley
medal in 1802, for various papers in the Philosophical
Transactions, and one of the Royal medals in 1828, for
his communication of a method of rendering platina mal-
leable. " Wollaston," writes Dr. Peacock, "is less known
by any striking discoveries than by the happy invention
of many processes in chemistry and the arts some of
which he made subservient during his lifetime to the in-
terests of his fortune as well as by various essays on
very different branches of philosophy, which are gene-
rally remarkable for great precision of thought and state-
ment, and by a command of the subject of which he is
treating so complete, that he was very rarely mistaken
in his conclusions. He was a good geometer, a good
optician, and a thorough master of mechanical princi-
ples, as far as his very limited knowledge of analysis
would enable him to apply them ; but he was wanting
440 ROLL OF THE [1795
in the courage of Young and the enthusiasm of Davy,
and would rather have sacrificed the credit of the
greatest discovery than expose himself to the danger
or the imputation of failure. And there is every reason
to conclude that much of the credit which Dalton and
Berzelius have gained from the proposition and esta-
blishment of the great principles of the atomic theory
would have been appropriated by Wollaston, if his
courage and enterprise had been equal to his know-
ledge and to the clearness of his views of the proper
import of definite chemical analyses and combinations.
His name is consequently not permanently connected
with any great real epochal advancement in the sciences,
and it is on this account that posterity is not likely to
maintain the same high estimate of his powers which
was made by his contemporaries." 4
Towards the latter part of 1828, Dr. Wollaston
became dangerously ill of the disorder of which he died.
His conduct under the heavy dispensation of his malady
(disease of the brain) may well be called ' divine,' if that
of Socrates merited such an epithet. In the midst of
disease and pain, and feeling that the duration of his
life was precarious, he devoted his numbered hours to
communicate by dictation, and thereby to preserve, all
the discoveries and improvements which he had made,
and the knowledge of which is calculated to be most
beneficial to his fellow creatures. A nobler example of
fortitude and virtue has never been witnessed in any
age or country. A short time before his death he gave
a fresh proof of his love of science, and of the interest
he felt for its advancement. He wrote a letter to the
secretary of the Royal Society, informing him that he
had that day invested in the funds, in the name of the
Royal Society, stock to the amount of 1,000?., the in-
terest of which he wished to be employed in the en-
couragement of experiment in natural philosophy.
* Life of Thomas Young, M.D., F.R.S., 8vo. Lond., 1855,
p. 469.
1795] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 441
When he was nearly at his last agony, a circumstance
occurred which shows that he still preserved his facul-
ties and gives an interesting proof of the power of his
mind over physical suffering. One of his friends having
observed, loud enough for him to hear, that he was not
at the time conscious of what was passing around him,
he immediately made a sign for a pencil and paper,
which were given him ; he then wrote dow r n some
figures, and, after casting up the sum, returned them.
The amount was right.
Dr. Wollaston died on the 22nd December, 1828, and
was buried in the family vault at Chiselhurst, Kent.
His portrait, by J. Jackson, II. A., is at the Royal
Society. It was engraved by Thomson.
" Wollaston," says Dr. Henry, " was endowed with
bodily senses of extraordinary acuteness and accuracy,
and with great general vigour of understanding. Trained
it^ the discipline of the exact sciences, he had acquired a
powerful command over his attention, and had habi-
tuated himself to the most rigid correctness both of
thought and of language. He was sufficiently provided
with the resources of the mathematics to be enabled to
pursue with success profound inquiries in mechanical
and optical philosophy, the results of which enabled him
to unfold the cause of phenomena not before understood,
and to enrich the arts connected with those sciences by
the invention of ingenious and valuable instruments.
In chemistry he was distinguished by the extreme nicety
and delica.cy of his observations, by the quickness and
precision with which he marked resemblances and dis-
criminated differences ; the sagacity with which he de-
vised experiments and anticipated their results ; and
the skill with which he executed the analysis of frag-
ments of new substances, often so minute as to be
scarcely perceptible by ordinary eyes. He was remark-
able, too, for the caution with which he advanced from
facts to general conclusions ; a caution which, if it some-
times prevented him from reaching at once to the most
sublime truths, yet rendered every step of his ascent a
442 ROLL OF THE [1795
secure station from which it was easy to rise to higher
and more enlarged inductions." " He had," writes Dr.
Thomson,^ " without exception the sharpest eye that I
have ever seen : he could write with a diamond upon
glass in a character so small that nothing could be dis-
tinguished by the naked eye but a ragged line ; yet,
when the letters were viewed through a microscope they
were beautifully regular and quite legible. "f
CHARLES WEBSTER, M.D. A native of Scotland, and
a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of the 12th Septein-
* History of Chemistry, in 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1831. Vol. ii, p.
249.
f Wollastono ea fuit indoles, ut exquisitiores illas philosophies
provincias, quas summo ardore excoluisset, neque steriles, neque ab
hodierno usu semotas esse vellet, sed ex umbraculis eruditorum de-
vocatas in solera et pulverem produceret. Novistis enim, Socii,
quanta solertia, quantoque animi acumine, chemia duce et facem
praeferente, vesicae renumque calculos investigaverit, diversa eorum
genera distinxerit, causas tarn atrocis morbi explicaverit et exinde
rationalem medendi normam desumpserit. Meministis etiam quam
curiose et sagaciter, prima veri initia, quando pullulare inceperant,
ab omni parte odoraretur atque vestigaret, et quam sedulo incre-
mentis ejus invigilaret. Sicut enim Freindio laudi tribuitur " quod
illam attractionis vim, quam in grandiori coelestium mole perspexe-
rat Newtonus, rebus chemicis accommodaverit," ita Wollastoni
famam auxit, quod in eruenda ilia nova de Atomorum conjugio doc-
trina, quae in suo saaculo primum innotuerat, ipse cum praeclaro illo
philosopho se consociaverit, qui, si non a3mulus sit Newtoni (quia
enim tanto nomini par sit aut secundus ?) at certe hominum qui
nunc sunt proximos illi honores in rebus physicis occupavit. Post-
quam enim Daltonus nova philosophise sues rudimenta exposuerat,
et quasi crudam ejus effigiem in lucem protulerat, noster primo
quasi intuitu veram esse et naturae accommodatam intellexit, neque
nnquam cessavit, quin aut experiments earn confirmaret, aut auc-
toritate sua aliis commendaret. Inerat enim Wollastono ea perspi-
cacitas, ut quae communi hominum sensui parum obvia essent, ea
statim animo arriperet atque complecteretur ; sicut enim ex repertis
ejus accepimus, esse quasdam. chordas, quas sonos edant, quibusdam
animalibus vocales, caeterorum vero auribus omnino non percipiendas,
ita ex ipsius exemplo docemur, inesse rebus notas quasdam, quas,
quamquam prae nimia sua tenuitate vulgi captum fugiant, discerni
tamen atque intelligi possunt, si modo philosophum scrutatorem sui
atque interpretem invenerint. Oratio ex Harveii Institute habita
25 die Junii, 1845, authore Carolo G. B. Daubeney, M.D. p. 10.
1795] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 443
ber, 1777 (D.M.I, de Vasorum Sanguiferorum Libra-
mine) ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of
Physicians 30th March, 1795. He died in the follow-
ing year. Dr. Webster was a fellow of the College of
Physicians of Edinburgh, and physician to the army.
We have from his pen
Medicinae Praxeos Systema, ex Academies Edinburgensis Disputa-
tionibus Inauguralibus preecipue depromptum. 3 torn. 8vo. Edin.
1781.
An Account of the Life and Writings of the celebrated Dr. A.
Pitcairne. 8vo. Edinb. 1781.
The Edinburgh New Dispensatory. 8vo. Edinb. 1786.
Facts tending to show the connection of the Stomach with Life,
Disease, and Remedy. 8vo. Edinb. 1793.
ROBERT HAMILTON, M.D., was descended from a
Scottish family of respectability, but was born at Cole-
raine, in Ireland, in 1748, and received his medical edu-
cation at Edinburgh, where he took his degree of doctor
of medicine 24th June, 1780 (D.M.I, de Nicotianse Vi-
ribus in Medicina, ut et de ejus malis effectibus in usu
communi et domes tico) ; immediately after which he
entered the army as a surgeon. He was admitted an
Extra-Licentiate of the College of Physicians 8th Janu-
ary, 1784; and a Licentiate, 30th March, 1795. Dr.
Hamilton practised first at Dorchester, and afterwards
at Ipswich, where he obtained a respectable share of
business. Ere long he became totally blind. He sur-
vived this affliction more than thirty years, and died at
Ipswich, 29th May, 1830, in the eighty-second year of
his age. He was the author of
Remarks on the Means of Obviating the Fatal Effects of the Bite
of a Mad Dog, or other Rabid Animals. 8vo. Ipswich. 1785.
The Duties of a Regimental Surgeon considered ; with Observa-
tions on his General Qualifications. 2 vols. 8vo. Lond. 1788.
Practical Hints on Opium considered as a Poison. 8vo. Ipswich.
1791.
Observations on Scrophulous Affections. 12mo. Lond. 1791.
Rules for Recovering Persons recently Drowned. 8vo. Lond.
1795.
Observations on the Marsh Remittent Fever, and on the Water
Canker and Leprosy : with Memoirs of his Life. 8vo. Lond. 1801'-
444 ROLL OF THE [1795
HUGH GILLAN, M.D. A native of Scotland, and a
doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 12th September,
1786 (D.M.I, de Igne) ; was admitted a Licentiate of
the College of Physicians 30th March, 1795. Dr. Gil-
Ian was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society 19th Feb-
ruary, 1795, and died 19th May, 1798.
PHILIP ELLIOT, M.D., was born in Wales, and re-
ceived his medical education at Edinburgh, where he
graduated doctor of medicine 24th June, 1791 (D.M.I,
de Dyspepsia). He was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 30th March, 1795, and practised
for some years at Reading ; but about the year 1800
settled in London, which he left for Swansea in 1807.
Ultimately he removed to Bath, after which I lose all
traces of him.
JAMES BARTON, M.D., was bred a surgeon, and in
that capacity served for some time in the army. He
was in Jamaica from 1780 to the end of 1782 in charge
of troops, which suffered severely from dysentery. He
graduated doctor of medicine at Ley den 24th Decem-
ber, 1788, and was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 25th June, 1795.
WILLIAM FOWLE, M.D., was born in Berkshire, and
on the 5th October, 1791, being then twenty-five years
of age, was entered on the physic line at Leyden pre-
paratory to graduating doctor of medicine there, which
he did on the 26th of the same month (D.M.I, de Febre
Erysipelatosa cum nonnullis indagationibus de ortu in-
flammationis localis). He was admitted a Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 25th June, 1795. Dr.
Fowle was in the army, and saw considerable service in
the West Indies. We owe to his pen
Experiments with Mercury in the Small Pox, translated from the
French of Van Woensel. 8vo. 1793.
Treatise on the Different Fevers of the "West Indies. 8vo. 1800.
1795] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 445
ARTHUR DANIEL STONE, M.D., was born the 14th
February, 1764, at "Worth, in Sussex, and educated at
the Charterhouse, whence he was sent to University
college, Oxford, and as a member of that house pro-
ceeded A. B. llth November, 1785 ; A.M. 12th July,
1788; M.B. 12th May, 1789; M.D. 15th July, 1794.
His medical knowledge was obtained at St. Bartholo-
mew's hospital and Edinburgh. He was admitted a
Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1794 ; and a Fellow, 30th September, 1795 ; was Cen-
sor in 1797, 1806, 1816, 1819; Harveian orator in
1804 ; and was named an Elect 21st July, 1818. Dr.
Stone commenced his professional career at Richmond
in Surrey, but in 1805 removed to London, and in
1807 was appointed physician to the Charterhouse.
He resigned his office of Elect 3rd April, 1823, and his
physicianship to the Charterhouse about the same time,
and dying on the 12th August, 1824, was buried in the
cloisters of the Charterhouse near to the chapel. We
have from his pen
A Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Stomach and of Digestion .
8vo. Lond. 1806*.
HENRY BOWLES, M.D., was born at Shaftesbury in
Dorsetshire, and educated at Edinburgh, where he
took the degree of doctor of medicine 24th June, 1790
(D.M.I, de Febre Typhoidea). He was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th September,
1795, and practised for a short time at Winchester;
but then entered the medical service of the army, and
died at Gibraltar, of fever caught in the discharge
of his duties, in 1804, aged thirty -nine. His brother,
the Rev. William Lisle Bowles, rector of Bremhill, co.
Wilts, erected in his grounds a funereal urn, the pede-
stal of which was thus inscribed
M.S.
HENRICI BOWLES, M.D.
Qui ad Calpen,
febre ibi exitiali grassante,
440 ROLL OF THE [1795
ufc opem miseris praestarefc,
publice missus
ipse miserrime periit,
Anno 1804, set. 39.
Fratri optimo moerens P. W. L. B.
COLUMBUS MACQUEEN, M.D., was the son of the
Rev. Donald Macqueen, of Skye, a gentleman men-
tioned by Dr. Johnson in terms of respect and esteem.
Our physician, after a sound general education at home
under his father, proceeded to Edinburgh ; and, after
the usual course of study, took his degree of doctor of
medicine 12th September, 1777 (D.M.I, de Mulierum
Sanitate tuenda). He then settled at Norwich, where
he practised with considerable success for some years.
About 1794 he removed to London, and was admitted
a* Licentiate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1795. By the death of his wife's father, Judge
Potter, he became possessed of an ample fortune ; and,
being fond of agriculture, he withdrew from practice in
1807, and retired to the neighbourhood of Woburn.
He died, at an advanced age, at Ridgemont house,
Bedfordshire, on the 24th July, 1829.
NICHOLAS ROMAYNE, M.D., was born in New York,
and received his medical education at New York and
Edinburgh ; in the latter he took the degree of doctor
of medicine 24th June, 1780 (D.M.T. de Puris gene-
ratione). He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 22nd December, 1795.
EDWARD THOMAS, M.D., was born in the island of
St. Christopher's, and took his degree of doctor of
medicine in the university of Copenhagen 13th June,
1789. He was admitted a Licentiate of the College
of Physicians 22nd December, 1795, and then settled
at Barbadoes.
JAMES BUCHAN, M.D. A native of Scotland, and a
doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 12th September,
1796] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 447
1792 (D.M.I, de Coeli Effectibus) ; was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 22nd December,
1795.
RICHARD DENNISON, M.D., was born in Norfolk, and,
after a good preliminary education, commenced the
study of medicine under Mr. William Donne, a distin-
guished practitioner at Norwich, and one of the sur-
geons to the Norfolk and Norwich hospital ; after which
he proceeded to Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor
of medicine 12th June, 1775 (D.M.I, de Vasorum Irri-
tabilitate). He then settled at Stafford, practised
there for several years, and was physician to the County
General infirmary. Removing to London, and being
admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians 9th
January, 1796, he devoted himself to midwifery, and
enjoyed for several years the best practice in that de-
partment in the city. The date of his death has thus
far escaped my research.
STEWART CRAWFORD, M.D. A native of Ireland,
and a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 24th June,
1795 (D.M.I, de Angina Pectoris) ; was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 1 6th February,
1796. He practised during many years at Bath, and
in 1807 was appointed physician to the Bath United
hospital, an office which he resigned in 1819. He died
in the Circus, Bath, 5th May, 1847.
RICHARD FOWLER, M.D. This venerable physician
who attained a greater age than has any other member
of the College from its foundation to the present time,
was born in London, 28th November, 1765. At an
early age he was so feeble in health that it was thought
necessary to send him to reside with a relation in Staf-
fordshire. His education, general and medical, was
obtained at Edinburgh, from which he went to Paris,
" at a time when Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, and
the Dauphine were yet to be seen in their regal state ;
448 ROLL OF THE [1706
and Dr. Fowler was fond of telling how he saw them
thus, and also of having exchanged greetings with Tal-
leyrand while yet the young and courtly bishop of
Autun. He remained long enough in Paris to witness
much of the strife of the first French revolution. He
was personally acquainted with Mirabeau, and often
listened to his eloquence in the National Assembly."
He returned to Edinburgh in 1790, applied himself to
the further study of science, particularly galvanism,
and of medicine, and on the 12th September, 1793,
graduated doctor of medicine there (D.M.I, de Inflam-
matione). He was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians of London 21st March, 1796, and
settling at Salisbury, was at once elected physician to
the infirmary of that city, which institution he served
in that capacity until 1841, a period of forty-five years,
and as consulting physician up to his death in 1863, a
further period of twenty-two years, making together
sixty-seven years of service to the infirmary. Dr.
Fowler was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society in
1802, and in 1805 married a daughter of William
Bowles, esq., of Heale house. " He had an extensive
medical practice during many years, and a still more
extensive acquaintance with the leading men of the
day, for which he was partly indebted to his early
friendship with the marquis of Lansdowne and lord
Holland, but also to his own social qualities and con-
versational powers, the latter being enlivened by anec-
dote, apt quotation, and varied knowledge, which en-
abled him to say something agreeably and well on
almost every subject ; at the same time his kindly
nature mellowed and improved everything he said and
did." Doctor Fowler enjoyed unwonted health of body
and mind to a very late period of his prolonged exist-
ence. Originally of feeble power, he braced himself by
the abundant use of cold water and by accustoming
himself habitually to degrees of cold in his sleeping and
dwelling rooms which the majority of persons could not
endure, and from which all would shrink in this age of
1796] BOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 449
luxury and effeminacy/"" In 1859, when in his ninety-
fourth year, Dr. Fowler made the journey from Salis-
bury to Aberdeen, to attend the meeting of the British
Association, in the Work of which he had long been
interested. During the later years of his life Dr. Fowler
was afflicted with loss of sight ; nevertheless his mental
activity was so great, that when he could no longer see
to read, he kept employed two men and two boys in
reading to him and writing down memoranda from his
dictation. One of his latest acts, in conjunction with
Mrs. Fowler, was to purchase and endow a suitable
home for the Salisbury and South Wiltshire museum,
in which he took a great interest, and bestowed on it a
large portion of his books and collections. He died at
his residence, Milford, near Salisbury, 13th April, 1863,
in the ninety-eighth year of his age. We have from
his pen
Experiments and Observations on Animal Electricity. 8vo.
Edinb. 1793.
Observations on the Mental State of the Blind, and Deaf and
Dumb. 12mo. Salisbury. 1843.
SIR CHRISTOPHER PEGGE, M.D., was descended from
an old family in Derbyshire, but was bom in London.
He was the son of Samuel Pegge, esq., F.S.A., a barris-
ter of the Middle Temple, one of the grooms of the
privy chamber, and well known to the literary world
by his "Curialia," "Anecdotes of the English Lan-
guage," and some other works. Sir Christopher Pegge
was admitted a commoner of Christchurch, Oxford, in
1782; and took his degree of A.B. 23rd February,
1786 ; when, having been elected a fellow of Oriel col-
lege, he removed thither, and, as a member of that
house* proceeded A.M. 10th June, 1789 ; M.B. 18th
July, 1789. In 1790 he resigned bis fellowship ; was
re-admitted at Christchurch ; and, by the favour of the
dean and chapter, was the same year appointed Lee's
* Carlyon's Precepts for the Preservation of Health, Life, and
Happiness. 8vo. Lond. 1859. p. 74.
VOL. II. 2 G
450 -ROLL OF THE [1796
reader in anatomy. He proceeded M.D. 27th April,
1792; and was elected physician to the Radcliffe in-
firmary 9th November, 1790. He was admitted a fel-
low of the Royal Society in 1795 ; was knighted by
George III in 1799 ; and was constituted Regius pro-
fessor of physic in 1801. Sir Christopher Pegge was
for many years the leading physician in Oxford, where
he shared with Dr. Bourne the medical emoluments of
the university and neighbourhood. In 1816, in conse-
quence of a severe asthmatic affection, from which he
had for some time suffered, and which about that
period became much worse, he resigned his readership
in anatomy, and, quitting Oxford as a permanent resi-
dence, removed to London. He had joined the Col-
lege of Physicians shortly after taking his doctor's de-
gree, having been admitted a Candidate 25th June,
1795, and a Fellow 25th June, 1796. He delivered
the Harveian oration in 1805 ; and now, on taking up
his abode in London, was in 1817 appointed Censor.
His asthmatic paroxysms becoming more and more se-
vere, he was again compelled to change his abode ; and
giving up his house in George-street, Hanover-square,
he removed to Hastings. He still, however, retained
his Regius professorship ; and, by occasional visits to
Oxford during term time, regularly performed the duties
of his office. On one of these occasions his malady at-
tacked him with unusual severity ; and he died at his
lodgings, in the High-street, Oxford, 3rd August, 1822,
in the fifty-eighth year of his age. Sir Christopher
Pegge was master of Ewelme hospital, and his remains
were interred in the south aisle of Ewelme church.
Over him is a small marble slab, inscribed with his
name, age, and the date of his death, but the inscrip-
tion is even now nearly obliterated, and portions of it
only are legible. His portrait, in the full dress of his
degree, by T. Nevins, has been engraved.
CHRISTOPHER ROBERT PEMBERTON, M.D., was a
grandson of the lord chief justice Pemberton, and
1796] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 451
was born in Cambridgeshire. He was educated at Bury
St. Edmund's, and at Caius college, Cambridge, of which,
society he was a fellow. He proceeded M.B. 1789;
M.D. 1794; was admitted a Candidate of the College
of Physicians 25th June, 1795 ; and a Fellow 25th
June, 1796. He was Censor in 1796, 1804, 1811;
Gulstonian lecturer in 1797; and Harveian orator in
1806. He was a fellow of the Royal Society, and phy-
sician extraordinary to the king. Dr. Pemberton was
elected physician to St. George's hospital 25th April,
1800, but resigned that office in 1803- He had long
suffered from tic douloureux in its most aggravated
form, and had submitted with great patience to a division
of several branches of the fifth pair of nerves under the
judicious operation of Sir Astley Cooper. But neither
the operations nor any assistance which the experience
of any of his colleagues could afford him gave him relief,
or controlled the violence of the attacks. * He with-
drew from practice and from London, and, after sus-
taining his tortures for some years with a constancy
which attracted the pity and esteem of all who knew
him, died of apoplexy at Fredville, Kent, the seat
of his brother-in-law, John Plumptre, esq., 31st July,
1822, aged fifty-seven. Dr. Pemberton t was the author
of an excellent practical work entitled
A Practical Treatise on Various Diseases of the Abdominal Vis-
cera. 8vo. Lond. 1806.
WILLIAM BABINGTON, M.D. This estimable man
and excellent physician was born 21st May, 1756, in
* Essays and Orations by Sir Henry Halford, Bart. 3rd edit.
p. 39.
f " Inter Collegii recentiores sodales, nobiscum suavissima ami-
citia conjnnctos, inemorare licet nostrum Christophorum Pem-
bertonum, qui cursum cum honore magno prosecutus est donee ille
morbo immani, pressus, absfcinere ab officio suo coactus est. Dolores
gravissimos sese potuisse ferre eonstanti et f orti animo plane probavit.
Turn demum omnino fractus neuralgia, magnamque sui desiderium
apud omnes cum suos, turn alios, relinquens ob comitatem erga
omnes, jucunditate ornatam decessit." Oratio Harveiana habita,
Junii xxv, MDCCCXXVI, a Roberto Bree M.D., p. 20.
2 a 2
452 ROLL OF THE [1796
the county of Antrim, and received his preliminary edu-
cation in Ireland. He was apprenticed to a practi-
tioner in Londonderry, but completed his professional
education at Guy's hospital. Through the influence of
kind friends he received, in 1777, an appointment from
government as an assistant-surgeon at Haslar hospital ;
and being, in the course of his duty, ordered thence to
attend the prisoners of war at Winchester, among whom
a malignant jail fever had broken out, he became him-
self the subject of it, and narrowly escaped with his life.
From Haslar he was, after four years' service, recalled
to London to undertake the office of apothecary to
Guy's hospital, to which he was appointed in the year
1781. He then commenced lecturing on chemistry at
the hospital school ; and, having obtained the coun-
tenance and friendship of Dr. Saunders, was induced, on
his recommendation, to take a degree in medicine, and
qualify himself as a physician. He was created doctor
of medicine by the university of Aberdeen, 1 3th March,
1795 ; in the course of the same year was elected phy-
sician to Guy's hospital ; and on the 25th June, 1796,
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians.
Dr. Babington's progress as a physician was rapid, and
in the course of a few years he was in the possession of
a large and lucrative city business. In 1811 his pri-
vate engagements had become so numerous that he was
compelled to resign his office at the hospital, and for
many subsequent years was the acknowledged head of
his profession in the city. History does not supply us
with a physician more loved or more respected than
was Dr. Babington. Dr. Gooch, writing in Dr. Babing-
ton's lifetime (and many still alive re-echo the senti-
ment), describes him as " a man who, to the cultivation
of modern sciences, adds the simplicity of ancient man-
ners ; whose eminent reputation and rare benevo-
lence of heart have long shed a graceful lustre over a
profession which looks up to him with a mingled feeling
of respect, confidence, and regard." Dr. Babington
was admitted a Fellow of the College of Physicians,
1796] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 453
special! gratia, 26th July, 1827; and about the year
1831 was presented with the honorary degree of M.D.
by the university of Dublin, which, as an irishman, and
yet wholly unconnected with that seat of learning, he
justly valued as the highest compliment which could be
paid him by his countrymen. Dr. Babington's last profes-
sional effort was in the service of our College. In common
with most physicians, he had been much harassed by
the epidemic of influenza which began in London, in
March, 1833, and was prevented by the demands made
upon him by others, from giving to his own case the re-
pose and care which it required. Though labouring
under cough attended with great debility, he yet con-
tinued to visit his patients on Wednesday, the 24th
April, till seven o'clock in the afternoon. He was then
much oppressed and extremely weak, but a committee
for preparing the new Pharmacopoeia having been ap-
pointed to sit at his house that evening, he insisted on
joining it, and up to eleven o'clock that night was occu-
pied at what proved the last of his professional labours.
He then went to bed exhausted, became delirious, and
was next morning in a hopeless state; the chest affection
rapidly assuming the character of peripneumonia notha ;
and the lungs becoming oppressed with mucus, which
he was unable to expectorate, he died (at his residence
in Devonshire-street, Portland-place) on the 29th April,
1833, in the seventy-seventh year of his age/* His
* " Ecce autem ejusdem sevi, scientia insigni, miraque morum
suavitate, anno vix preeterito, ex oculis aufert nostris incassum
lugentibns et
' durse rapit inclementia mortis '
provecta jam aetate Gulielmum Babington, virum sane cui fortius
acumen, ingenium mitius acriusque jadicium dedit natura quam
cuivis sa3pe contigit.
" Mihique indulgete, precor, Socii qui non mini copiosam ver-
boruni supellectilem compararim nee pari consequar gressu
' manet ' enim ' alta mente repostum
Judicium Paridis '
illnd, qui jam sub ipsum amici interitum tarn veris variisque
coloribtis, ingenium, virtutes, comitatem, sagacis hujus dilectique
senis tarn diserte dilucideque depinxit, ut nemo rectius aut fidelius
454 ROLL OF THE [1796
death elicited an universal feeling of regret from all ranks
of the profession : and the medical press, without an
exception, did itself honour by the eulogies that were
penned to his worth. " The character of Dr. Babing-
ton," writes one of them,* "was probably as nearly
without fault as is consistent with human nature. Be-
nevolence was most strikingly depicted on his coun-
tenance, and it was also the leading feature of his mind.
We allude not to mere sentiment or feeling, but to an
active principle of philanthropy, which led him to do all
the good he could to others ; thus we know that some
of the last visits he ever paid, and at a time when he was
himself suffering severely from the epidemic (influenza),
were to persons whose circumstances prevented him from
accepting any remuneration. No man in our profession
was more extensively known, no man was more univer-
sally respected, none will be more sincerely regretted."
Dr. Babington's remains were interred in the family
vault, at St. Mary-the- Virgin, Aldermanbury, and a
handsome monument by Behnes, with a full-length
figure of the doctor in the academic gown of his degree,
was erected by public subscription in St. Paul's cathe-
dral. The inscription, from the pen of Dr. J. A. Paris,
is as follows :
WILLIAM BABESTOTON, M.D., F.R.S.,
Fellow of the Eoyal College of Physicians,
Born May 21st, 1756. Died April 29th, 1833.
Eminently distinguished for science,
magisve luculente rem totam exprimat. Certe dulci quadam abun-
davit et nativa suavitate amici nostri ingenium solarique inopes,
segrisque auxilium ac levamen prsebere inter delicias habuit vitae
nee benignitate tantum affectibusque cordis mitioribus vigere vide-
batur, quicquid enim ingenii acumen investigare, quicquid usus et
exercitatio conservare potuit, id omne in communem efferre fructum
gaudebat. Sagacitasque admirabilis, quo pluribus stipata virtu-
tibus, eo sit amabilior, et sive hominis fidem spectetis singularem,
sive apud suos morum comitatem, sive denique apud omnes probi-
tateni, neque in ullo unquam gratior enituit neque pulchrior."
Oratio Harveiana habita sext. kalend. Juli An. MDCCCXXXIV, ab
Edvardo Tho. Monro, M.D., pp. 15, 16.
* Medical Gazette, May, 1833.
1796] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 455
Beloved for the simplicity of his manners
and the benevolence of his heart,
Respected for his inflexible integrity
and his pure and unaffected piety,
In all relations of his professional life
he was sagacious, candid, diligent, and humane.
Firm in purpose, gentle in execution,
justly confident in his own judgment,
yet generously open to the opinion of others ;
liberal and indulgent to his brethren,
but ever mindful of his duty to the public.
To record their admiration of so rare a union
of intellectual excellence and moral worth,
and to extend to future generations
the salutary influence which his living
example can no longer diffuse,
this monument has been erected
by the public subscription
of his contemporaries, A.D. 1837.
Dr. Babington was a fellow of the Royal Society, and
was one of the founders of the Geological and of the
Hunterian Societies. He was one of the best mineralo-
gists of his time, and was one of the referees appointed
by government to put a price upon the Greville collection
of minerals bought by the nation, and now in the Bri-
tish Museum. Dr. Babington's bust is in the library
of the College of Physicians. It was presented to
the College 25th March, 1839, through their chair-
man, Dr. Paris, by the committee for raising the monu-
ment to the memory of Dr. Babington in St. Paul's.
His portrait, by Medley, was engraved by N. Bran-
white.
Dr. Babington was the author of
A Syllabus of a Course of Lectures read at Guy's Hospital on
Chemistry. 8vo. Lond. 1789.
A Systematic Arrangement of Minerals. 4to. Lond. 1795.
A New System of Mineralogy, in the form of a Catalogue, &c.
4to. Lond. 1799.
PAGGEN WILLIAM MAYO, M.D., was the eldest son
of the Rev. Herbert Mayo, D.D., rector of St. George's-
in-the-East, Middlesex, by his wife Mary, the eldest
daughter of George Coldham, of St. Paul's, Covent
456 ROLL OF THE [1796
Garden, esq., and was born at the rectory house of
St. George' s-in -the -East llth January, 1766. He re-
ceived his preliminary education at Merchant Taylors'
school, whence he was elected to a fellowship at St.
John's college, Oxford, as a member of which he pro-
ceeded A.B. llth April, 1788; A.M. 27th January,
1792; M.B. 12th July, 1792; M.D. 20th January,
1795. He settled in London shortly after taking his
first degree in medicine, and on the 23rd August, 1793,
was appointed physician to the Middlesex hospital.
Admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1795 ; and a Fellow, 30th September, 1796;
he was Censor in 1797 ; he delivered the Gulstonian
lectures in 1798, and the Harveian oration in 1807.
Dr. Mayo resigned his hospital appointment in 1801,
and withdrew to Doncaster. He was in the habit for
many years during his residence at Doncaster, of spend-
ing the season at Buxton, where he succeeded in securing
a considerable proportion of practice among the visitors.
In 1819 he removed to Bridlington quay, where he
continued to the time of his death, which occurred 6th
July, 1836. He was buried in Bridlington churchyard.
RICHARD POWELL, M.D., was born in Oxford, and
educated at Winchester, on leaving which he was en-
tered at Merton college, Oxford, and proceeded A.B.
23rd October, 1788 ; A.M. 31st October, 1791 ; M.B.
12th July, 1792 ; M.D. 20th January, 1795. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1795 ; and a Fellow, 30th September,
1796; was Censor in 1798, 1807, 1820, 1823; Guls-
tonian lecturer, 1799 ; Harveian orator, 1808 ; Lum-
leian lecturer from 1811 to 1822 inclusive; and Elect,
3rd April, 1823. Dr. Powell was elected physician to
St. Bartholomew's hospital 14th August, 1801, and
continued in that office until 1824. He died at York-
terrace, Regent's-park, 18th August, 1834.* Dr. Powell
* " Nee ingratum fore censeo vobis, Socii, si in altero nomine
paulum immorer, et in tuos cineres, Ricarde Powell ' purpureos
1796] KOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 457
was esteemed a good chemist , and was an active mem-
ber of the committee for the revision of the " Pharma-
copoeia Londinensis " of 1809, a translation of which he
published. He was for many years secretary to the
Commissioners for regulating Madhouses, and from the
documents which came before him in that capacity he
deduced some valuable statistical results on the pre-
valence of insanity. Dr. Powell was the author of
several papers in the " Medical Transactions," and of
Heads of Lectures on Chemistry. 12mo. Lond. 1796.
Observations on the Bile and its Diseases, and on the Economy
of the Liver. 8vo. Lond. 1800.
A Case of Hydrophobia. 8vo. Lond. 1808.
The Pharmacopoeia of the Royal College of Physicians, translated
into English with Notes. 8vo. Lond. 1809.
Observations on some Cases of Paralytic Affection. 8vo. Lond,
1814.
Three Cases of Convulsive Affection. 8vo. Lond. 1815.
Some Cases illustrating the Pathology of the Brain. 8vo. Lond.
1815.
WILLIAM HEBERDEN, M.D., was the second but only
surviving son of William Heberden, M.D., the distin-
guished author of the " Commentarii de Morborum
Historia et Curatione," by his wife Mary, daughter of
Francis Wollaston, esq., F.R.S., and was bom in Cecil-
street, 23rd March, 1767. He was educated at the
Charterhouse, and at St. John's college, Cambridge, of
which house he was a fellow. He proceeded A.B.
1788 as first senior optime, and was the second Chan-
cellor's medallist for that year. In 1789 he obtained
one of the member's prizes for middle bachelors, an4
spargam flores.' Tu etenim de pathologia quaedam optime per r
pensa protulisti. Et in medieina administranda optimorum magis-
trorum vestigiis insistens naturam ducem semper secutus es, et
quosdam nervorum morbos proprio Marte debellasti. Heec Acta
nostra litteraria intuenti facile patent. Hec nosocomii S ctl Bartho-
olomei memorabilia testantur et confirmant. Tuus est honos igitur
in serarium nostrum, qnicquid potuisti, conjecisse ; tua laus, ali-
quantnlumde miseriis et doloribus human se conditionis dextraxisse.
Nee levis est ilia quidem, nam quorum ingeniis heec referuntur
accepta, ab iis, et Collegii nostri, et patriae fama adaucta est."
Oratio ex Harveii Institute auct. Henr. Halford, Bart.
458 ROLL OF THE [1796
in 1790 one of those for senior bachelors. He proceeded
A.M. 1791 ; was incorporated on that degree at Oxford,
as a member of Christchurch, 9th July, 1791 ; and
then took his degrees in physic M.B. 26th June,
1792; and M.D. 28th April, 1795. He was admitted
a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th Septem-
ber, 1795; a Fellow, 30th September, 1796; was
Censor 1799, 1808 ; Harveian orator, 1809 ; and Elect,
1st November, 1823, in place of Dr. Baillie, deceased.
Dr. William Heberden was elected physician to St.
George's hospital 15th November, 1793, and resigned
his office there in 1803. He was appointed physician
extraordinary to the queen in 1795, physician extra-
ordinary to the king in 1805, physician in ordinary to
the queen in 1806, and in 1809 physician in ordi-
nary to George III, "by whom he was more than
once offered a baronetcy with a pension in the most
gracious manner distinctions which his own feelings
induced him to decline. While thus in much prospe-
rity, having attained in all periods of his life the high-
est honours to which his studies or profession could lead
him, and being in the full enjoyment of the reputation
they carried with them, he was suddenly, in 1812, left
a widower with nine young children. Everything was
at once sacrificed to the sense of duty by which he felt
himself called upon to superintend the highest interests
of the children committed to his charge. The charms
of general society, the excitement of professional en-
gagements, each having strong claims upon an intel-
lectual and active mind, were abandoned cheerfully for
the wearisome and unostentatious duties of watching
over an infant family and administering to their com-
fort. His practice as a physician was now restricted to
his attendance at Windsor castle, and this alone inter-
rupted even for a day his devotion to his children.
Under the suspension of the more bustling engage-
ments of life, he retired to the little village of Datchet,
Bucks, where he lived for fourteen years, surrounded
by his books, and rather avoiding than courting society.
1796J EOYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 459
During this period he printed and dedicated to his
children a translation of Plutarch on ' Brotherly Love/
and he had previously written and published a little
treatise on general education, * which of themselves
sufficiently attest the anxious occupation of his mind.
As he obtained further leisure, he amused himself with
translating Cicero's ' Letters to Atticus,' which he pub-
lished in two vols. octavo. In 1826, having attained his
purpose in absenting himself from London, he returned
thither again, partly with the design of affording one
of his sons, then entering upon the preliminary studies
of a physician, that information and encouragement
which he had himself received with so much delight
from a parent's lips."t The death of this son in 1828
from a dissection wound ; of another son in 1829 ; and
subsequently of his eldest daughter, led him to devote
the years of life yet remaining to him to the study of
the Scriptures and the consolations of religion. In 1830
he published his " Reflections on the Gospel of St.
John;" in 1836 a translation of the " Catholic Epis-
tles," which was circulated among his friends : and in
1839, at their request, he published a translation and
commentary on the whole of the Apostolic Epistles and
the Book of Revelation.
Dr. Heberden died at his house in Cumberland-
street, on the 19th February, 1845, aged seventy-eight,
and was buried in the family vault at Windsor. He is
commemorated by the following inscription :
In memory of an excellent father,
William Heberden, M.D.,
for many years physician to his late Majesty
King George the Third.
He was an elegant and an accomplished scholar
graced by great suavity of manners,
and influenced in all his intercourse with the world
by practical and unaffected piety.
To his children he was endeared by every claim
* A Dialogue after the Manner of Cicero's Philosophical Disqui-
sitions. 12mo. Lond. 1818.
f Medical Gazette.
460 ROLI< OF THE [1796
that Iqve or care or self-denial
can make upon gratitude and affection.
He was born 23 March, 1767, and died 19 February, 1845.
In memory also of
Elizabeth Catherine, his amiable and beloved wife,
who died 21 May, 1812, in her 36 th year, leaving 9 children.
She was the only child of Charles, son of Sir John
Miller, Bart., formerly of Lavant, Sussex.
Dr. William Heberden was a fellow of the Royal Society
and the author of
Observations on the Increase and Decrease of different Diseases,
particularly of the Plague. 4to. Lond. 1801.
Commentaries on the History and Cure of Diseases. 8vo. Lond.
1802. A translation of his father's celebrated work.
Morboram Puerilium Epitome. 8vo. Lond. 1804.
SIR ALEXANDER DOUGLAS, B^RT., M.D., was the only
son of Sir Robert Douglas, bart., author of the Peerage
of Scotland, by his wife Margaret, eldest daughter of Sir
James Macdonald, bart. Of his history I can recover
but few particulars, He was entered on the physic line
at Leyden 17th September, 1759, being then twenty-one
years of age, and was created doctor of medicine at St.
Andrew's, llth July, 1760. On the 10th May, 1796,
he was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physi-
cians of Edinburgh, and one week later on the 18th
May, 1796, a fellow of that college. On the 30th
September, 1796, he was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians of London. He lived at Dundee
(whether he really practised physic I know not) ; and
died there 28th November, 1812, although his name is
retained on the College list until 1822."""
ROBERT GRAVES, M.D., was born in Lincolnshire,
15th September, 1763, and received his medical educa-
tion at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of medi-
cine 24th June, 1788 (D.M.I, de Strabismo). He was
admitted an Extra- Licentiate of the College of Physi-
* Anderson's Scottish Nation, vol. ij, pp. 49 59 ; Douglas and
Wood's Peerage of Scotland, vol. ij, p. 14.
1796] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 461
cians 5th August, 1788 ; and a Licentiate 30th Sep-
tember, 1796. Dr. Graves practised successively at
Northampton, Sherborne, Dorchester, Weyrnouth, Wor-
cester, and Reading ; but ultimately settled at Brid-
port, where he died at an advanced age, 9th September,
1849. He was the author of
An Experimental Inquiry into the Constituent Principles of the
Sulphureous Water at Nottington, near Weymouth; and Observa-
tions relative to its application in the Cure of Diseases. 8vo. 1792;
Conspectus of the New London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharma-
copoeias. 12mo. Lond. 1796.
EGBERT WIGHTMAN, M.D., was born in Ireland, and
educated at Edinburgh, where he took the degree of
doctor of medicine 24th June, 1789 (D.M.I, de Hypo-
choiidriasi). He was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 30th September, 1796. He practised
at Southampton, where he died on the 15th January,
1843.
RICHARD BROWN, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Edinburgh, of 24th June, 1795 (D.M.L de Peripneu-
monia Notha) ; was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 30th September, 1796. He practised
at Huntingdon, and died about the year 1800.
SIR WALTER FARQUHAR, BART., M.D., was the son
of a clergyman, and was born in the north of Scotland
about the year 1738. He received his education chiefly
in the university of Aberdeen, where he attended the
general classes, and took the degree of master of arts.
In 1757 he commenced the study of medicine at King's
college in that university, and continued there until
the end of 1759, when he repaired to Edinburgh ; and
on the 5th January, 1760, was admitted a member of
the Medical Society of that city. He was appointed
surgeon to the nineteenth or lord Howe's regiment, and
in that capacity was present at the siege of Belleisle,
after which he proceeded to Gibraltar, where the nine-
teenth were stationed for a lengthened period. Whilst
462 ROLL OF THE [1796
the regiment was at Gibraltar he obtained leave of ab-
sence ; and, availing himself of that opportunity to im-
prove his professional knowledge, proceeded to France,
where he remained for nearly a year and a half, visiting
the hospitals in Paris, and in the more important pro-
vincial towns. He made a lengthened stay at Rouen,
where he studied for several months under the cele-
brated anatomist and surgeon, Le Cat. On his return
to Gibraltar his health gave way, when, resigning his
appointment, he proceeded to England, and, taking up
his abode in London, commenced practice as an apothe-
cary. Even in this subordinate position his progress
towards eminence was rapid his great industry no less
than his talents acquired him friends wherever he ap-
peared, and he is said to have possessed, far beyond any
of his contemporaries, the enviable power of converting
his casual patients into fast friends. Superadded to
his skill as a professional man, was an intuitive sagacity
and knowledge of human nature a gift which, in him,
seems constantly to have been directed towards bene-
volent purposes. He was created doctor of medicine
by the university of Aberdeen 29th January, 1796;
was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians of
Edinburgh 3rd May, 1796; about the same time was
created a baronet ; and was admitted a Licentiate of
the CoUege of Physicians 30th September, 1796. Long
before this he had limited himself to prescribing prac-
tice, and had for some time been the confidential pro-
fessional adviser of Mr. Pitt and lord Melville. Now
that he had taken due rank as a physician, the influence
of these distinguished patients was brought to bear in
his behalf upon the highest personages in the realm,
and Sir Walter Farquhar was shortly afterwards ap-
pointed physician in ordinary to the prince of Wales.
Thenceforward his practice was most extensive, and
few of his contemporaries were in the receipt of larger
professional incomes. About 1810 Sir Walter Farquhar
began to suffer from a pulmonary complaint, which re-
peatedly compelled a temporary retirement from the
1797] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 463
active duties of his profession. In 1813 his health had
so far deteriorated that he withdrew almost wholly
from practice, and confined his exertions thenceforward
to attendance on the prince Regent, and a few distin-
guished families with whom he was on terms of inti-
macy and friendship. He died 30th March, 1819, at
the advanced age of eighty-one, and was buried in
the church of St. Martin-in-the-Fields. " Sir Walter
Farquhar was distinguished by his consummate skill
and ability in medical practice. He was, if possible,
still more distinguished for those domestic virtues
which marked through a long life, in an eminent de-
gree, his valuable character. As a son he was a pattern
of filial piety, a most affectionate brother, an exemplary
and tender husband, a warm and steady friend, scarce
to be equalled in his exertions of kindness, or to bring
forward merit wherever he found it. He was the pa-
tron of the friendless ; and distress, even accompanied
by error, was never disregarded by him. More free
from frailty himself than most men, he was charitable
and lenient in his judgment of others ; and, although
always doing some good, declining the praise attached
to it."* Sir Walter Farquhar's portrait by H. Rae-
burn, was engraved by W. Sharp in 1797.
HENRY LUXMORE, M.D. A native of Devonshire ;
educated at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor of
medicine, 12th September, 1787 (D.M.I, de Scorbuto) ;
was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Physicians
10th April, 1797.
JAMES HOLMAN, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Edinburgh, of 24th June, 1789 (D.M.I, de Frigoris
generalioribus in Corpora viva effectibus, ejusque usu
in morbis febrilibus fugandis) ; was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th September,
1797. He settled at Bath ; and on the 9th April, 1800,
was elected physician to the General hospital in that
* Gentleman's Magazine.
4G4 ROLL OF THE [1798
city, which office he resigned in 1804. Dr. Holman
eventually retired to Wellington, and died there on the
llth March, 1812.
ROBKRT DARLING WILLIS, M.D., was born in Lin-
colnshire, and was the son of the Rev. Dr. Willis, the
clerical physician to George the Third in his first ill-
ness, to whom the king took so great a dislike that he
could never afterwards hear his name mentioned with-
out a shudder. Dr. Bobert Willis was educated at
Caius college, Cambridge, of which house he was a
feUow. He proceeded M.B. 1783; M.D. 7th July,
1789 ; was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1797 ; and a Fellow, 1st
October, 1798. He was Censor in 1800 and 1809 ; and
died at his house in Tenterden-street 23rd May, 1821.
ALGERNON FRAMPTON, M.D., was the eldest son of
the Bev. Algernon Frampt on, incumbent of Tokenham,
in Wiltshire, and was born 7th January, 1766. He re-
ceived his early education at the grammar school of
Marlborough, and was then sent to St. John's college,
Cambridge. He proceeded A.B. 1787, and obtained
the second place in the Tripos ; was elected a fellow of
St. John's, and in due time filled the office of moderator
in the university. He graduated A.M. 1790; M.D.
1797. Dr. Frampton passed two years at Edinburgh in
the study of medicine, and subsequently entered himself
to the medical practice first of St. Bartholomew's, and
afterwards of the London hospital. He commenced
business in London, was admitted a Candidate of
the CoUege of Physicians 30th September, 1797 ; and
a Fellow, 1st October, 1798. He delivered the Gul-
stonian lectures in 1800; was Censor in 1801, 1811,
1821, 1825 ; and was named an Elect 28th May, 1825.
He was elected physician to the London hospital 3rd
April, 1800; and resigned his office there, after forty
years' service, in 1841. He died at Hackney, 21st
September, 1842, aged seventy-six.
1799] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 465
EDWARD ASH, M.D., was born in London, and re-
ceived his early education at Birmingham, under the
auspices of his uncle, Dr. John Ash, a fellow of our
College, and the leading physician in that town. He
was then entered at Chris tchurch, Oxford; and pro-
ceeded A.B. 23rd February, 1786 ; A.M. 4th November,
1788. He was elected to one of the Radcliffe travelling
fellowships in July, 1790 ; and in compliance with the
conditions of that endowment, passed some years upon
the continent. On his return, accumulating his degrees
in physic, he proceeded doctor of medicine 6th Decem-
ber, 1796, as a member of University college. Dr. Ash
then settled in London ; was admitted a Candidate of
the College of Physicians 2nd April, 1798 ; a Fellow,
18th March, 1799 ; was Gulstonian lecturer in 1801 ;
and Censor in 1802, 1811, 1822. He was a fellow of
the Royal Society, and physician extraordinary to the
king. Dr. Ash, by an early marriage with his cousin,
and the death of her father, Dr. John Ash, was placed
in competent circumstances, and rendered independent
of his profession. He was of retiring habits, and, " as
a public character, was little known beyond a select
circle of friends, chiefly of the literary and scientific
class, by whom he was highly and universally esteemed,
as well on account of his strict moral qualities as his ex-
tensive intellectual attainments. Endowed largely with
various stores of knowledge beyond what are usually
acquired in his profession, his habits were yet unobtru-
sive and unassuming ; and his disposition and manners
were not well calculated for contention with his brethren
in the pursuit of a large and first-rate metropolitan
practice, although none probably excelled him in sound
professional knowledge." *
Dr. Ash died at his house in Foley- place, 29th March,
1829, aged sixty-five. He was the author of " The
Speculator," 8vo. 1790, published in weekly numbers.
GASPARD CHARLES DE LA EIVE, M.D. A Swiss, and
* Medical Gazette.
VOL. II. 2 H
466 ROLL OP THE [1799
a doctor of medicine of Edinburgh of 24th June, 1797
(D.M. de Galore Animali) ; was admitted an Extra-
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 5th April, 1799.
He practised at Geneva, his native place, with distin-
guished success and reputation.
PINKSTAN JAMES, M.D., was born in London, and was
the third son of Dr. Robert James, the inventor of the
well-known " fever powders." He was educated at
Merchant Taylors' school, and commenced active life as
a midshipman in the royal navy. He was on board the
Invincible during the engagement in which the Spanish
admiral Langara was defeated and taken. From the
Invincible he was removed to the Pegasus frigate, cap-
tain Stanhope, and whilst with her saw much service
in the West Indies. On his return to England he
quitted the navy, and, proceeding to Edinburgh, com-
menced the study of physic. He graduated doctor of
medicine in that university 12th September, 1787
(D.M. I. de Ictero) ; and, eventually settling in Lon-
don, was admitted a Licentiate of the Royal College of
Physicians 25th June, 1799. Dr. James was physician
to the parochial infirmary of St. George's, Hanover-
square, and physician extraordinary to the Prince Re-
gent. He died of apoplexy, at the house of his son,
near Evreux, 14th July, 1830, aged sixty-four.
ALEXANDER JOHN GASPARD MARCET, M.D., was
born at Geneva in 1770, and received a good prelimi-
nary education in that city. He proceeded to Edin-
burgh in 1794, and graduated doctor of medicine in
that university 24th June, 1797 (D.M.I, de Diabete).
Dr. Marcet then settled in London ; was admitted a
Licentiate of the College of Physicians 25th June,
1799 ; and about the same time was appointed physi-
cian to the City dispensary. He was elected physician
to Guy's hospital 18th April, 1804. In 1809, having
volunteered his services on behalf of the troops then re-
turned from Walcheren, he was appointed to the charge
1799] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 467
of the temporary military hospital at Portsmouth, and
remained there some months. Returning to London,
he resumed his practice and his duties at Guy's hos-
pital. Some years after this, having come into posses-
sion of an ample fortune by the death of his wife's
father, Mr. Haldimand, a wealthy London merchant,
Dr. Marcet determined to withdraw from practice and
devote himself exclusively to the cultivation of science
and literature. He resigned his office at Guy's hospital
10th March, 1819, and returned to Geneva, where he
was appointed a member of the Representative Council,
and honorary professor of chemistry. In conjunction
with his friend Dr. de la Rive (an Extra-Licentiate of
our College), he gave a course of lectures on chemistry
in the spring of 1820. Dr. Marcet returned to England
in the autumn of 1821, to spend the ensuing winter
in London, but with the intention of finally removing
with his family to Geneva. He paid a visit to Scot-
land, and whilst on his way back, through London to
Switzerland, was attacked with gout in the stomach,
and died in Great Coram- street, 19th October, 1822,
aged fifty-two. Dr. Marcet was a very accomplished
chemist, and published many valuable papers in the
" Philosophical Transactions," and in various scientific
journals. He was a fellow of the Royal and Geological
Societies, and was one of the original promoters of the
Medico-Chirurgical Society. His portrait, by Raeburn,
was engraved by Meyer.
Dr. Marcet was the author of
A Chemical Account of the Brighton Chalybeate. 8vo. Lond.
1805.
An Essay on the Chemical History and. Medical Treatment of
Calculous Diseases. 8vo. Lond. 1817.
GEORGE WILLIAMS, M.D., was the son of an able
and excellent clergyman, and was born at Gathering-
ton, in Hampshire. He was educated at Winchester,
and when first admitted on the foundation, excited no
small surprise by his recitations of the Iliad, a subject
468 ROLL OF THE [1799
on which he had been well exercised by his father. He
was elected to a Hampshire scholarship at Corpus
Christi college, Oxford, of which he subsequently be-
came a fellow, and eventually vice-president. He pro-
ceeded A.B. 21st June, 1781 ; A.M. 14th January,
1785 ; M.B. 10th December, 1788 ; M.D. 17th Decem-
ber, 1788 ; was elected physician to the Radcliffe in-
firmary, 22nd January, 1789 ; and appointed Regius
professor of botany in 1796. Dr. Williams was admit-
ted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 1st Oc-
tober, 1798 ; and a Fellow 30th September, 1799. He
was appointed keeper of the Radcliffe library in 1811,
being the first graduate in physic ever elected to that
office. Dr. Williams died at his residence in the High-
street, Oxford, universally esteemed and lamented, on
the 17th January, 1834, aged seventy-one. To mark
their sense of his many virtues, the president and fel-
lows of Corpus Christi college erected in their chapel a
monument to his memory, with the following affec-
tionate inscription :
Scias qui haec tecum contempleris
mortalitatis documenta,
marmor quod spectas honorarium
G-EORGIO WILLIAMS, M.D.
Socio, Yicepresidenti, Benefactori,
in Academia Bei Botanicse Professori,
Bibliothecse Custodi Radclivianee,
Prsesidentem et Socios C.C.C.
ponendum censuisse,
ne intra hos parietes titulo careat
Sodalis memoria conjunctissimi,
ne testimonio
grati Collegii pietas, mcerentis desideria.
Inerant, Lector, in hoc viro,
Medico vere Christiano,
summa erga Deum religio,
stabilis in meritis Servatoris nostri fides,
illibata morum sanetitas, modestia plane singularis,
ingenium judicii quadam severitate subactum,
eruditio multiplex, litterae elegantiores,
ad Linacri normam,
penitiori medicines scientise
et philosophise disciplinis inservientes.
1800] ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 469
Interea elucebant
perspicax in expedendis remm momentis prudentia,
animus in quotidiana vitae consuetudine
erga omnes comis et benevolus,
suornm semper amantissimus.
In Coll. C. C. ascitus est Hantoniensis, A.D. MDCCLXXJ.
morbo confectus obdormivit die xvij. Jan. A.D. MDCCCXXXIV.
annum agens septuagesimum prirnum. In Csemeterio
Sancti Petri in Oriente ejusdem vici incola sepultus,
hie juxta cineres Avunculi cenotaphio donatus est.
DEVEY FEARON, M.D., was born in London, and
educated at Trinity college, Cambridge, where he took
the two degrees in arts A.B. 1791; A.M. 1794; and
wa.s then incorporated at Oxford, as a member of Pem-
broke college; and proceeded M.B. 12th June, 1795;
M.D. 28th April, 1798. He was admitted a Candidate
of the College of Physicians 1st October, 1798 ; a Fel-
low 30th September, 1799 ; and was Censor in 1802.
He was elected physician to the Middlesex hospital 8th
February, 1803 ; but he resigned his office there in
January, 1807, on account of ill health, and retired
from the exercise of his profession.
THOMAS NELSON, M.D., was born in Staffordshire.
He received a good classical education at Douay, and
then entered on the study of medicine in London. In
1787 he commenced business as a surgeon-accoucheur,
under the auspices of his maternal uncle, Dr. Savage,
of Conduit-street ; but after a time, becoming desirous
of qualifying himself for a higher department of prac-
tice, he proceeded to Edinburgh, where, after a resi-
dence of three years, he took the degree of doctor of
medicine 24th June, 1799 (D.M.I, de Frigoris Effectibus
in Morbis sanandis). Dr. Nelson then returned to Lon-
don ; was admitted a Licentiate of the College of Phy-
sicians 7th April, 1800 ; and through the introduction
of Dr. Savage, then an aged man, and retiring from
the profession, succeeded to much of his uncle's prac-
tice. Dr. Nelson was an early promoter of vaccination,
and was one of the physicians to the Vaccine Pock in-
470 ROLL OF THE [1800
stitution, in Warwick-street, Golden-square. He
eventually withdrew from practice, and retired to Tun-
bridge-wells, where he died, llth March, 1848, aged
eighty.
JOHN CHAPMAN was admitted an Extra-Licentiate
of the College of Physicians 8th July, 1800. He prac-
tised in Barbadoes.
CHARLES GOWER, M.D., was born at Chelmsford,
and was the son of Dr. Foote Gower, the historian of
the county of Chester. He was educated at the Char-
terhouse and at Oriel college, Oxford, as a member of
which he proceeded A.B. 8th May, 1787 ; A.M. 14th
January, 1790 ; and then, accumulating his degrees in
physic, graduated M.D. 13th February, 1799. He was
admitted a Candidate of the College of Physicians 30th
September, 1799 ; a Fellow, 30th September, 1800 ;
was Gulstonian lecturer in 1802 ; Censor, 1803, 1812 ;
and Harveian orator in 1814. Dr. Gower was elected
physician to the Middlesex hospital 12th February,
1801 ; and retained that office until his death, which
occurred in the early part of April, 1822. " Gower/'
writes Mr. Wadd, who knew him well, " had con-
siderable talents, but they were directed every way
but the right. He made medicine a plaything, never
being steady in professional pursuits. His unsteadi-
ness led him into difficulties, and he died in obscurity."
Dr. Gower was the author of a small treatise entitled
" Hints and Auxiliaries to Medicine." 8vo. Lond.
1819.
SAMUEL HOLLAND, M.D. A native of Kent, was
educated at Worcester college, Oxford, as a member of
which he proceeded A.B. 14th January, 1792; A.M.
14th July, 1795 ; M.B. 3rd May, 1796 ; M.D. 8th May,
1799. He was admitted a Candidate of the College of
Physicians 30th September, 1799 ; a Fellow, 30th Sep-
tember, 1800 ; and was Censor in 1803. Dr. Holland
ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. 471
was elected physician to the Middlesex hospital 15tli
January, 1801 ; but resigned that office in 1806, when
he quitted the profession of physic, and soon afterwards
received orders in the church of England. He had
married a daughter of lord Erskine, and at the time of
his death, which occurred at Brighton 16th April,
1857, aged eighty-five, he was rector of Beaudesert,
co. Warwick, and precentor and prebendary of Chi-
chester.
JOHN YELLOWLY, M.D., was born 30th April, 1774,
at Alnwick, in Northumberland, in which county he
received his early education. He commenced the study
of medicine at Edinburgh, where he graduated doctor
of medicine 12th September, 1796 (D.M.I, de Cynanche
Tracheali). He was admitted a Licentiate of the Col-
lege of Physicians 30th September, 1800, and about
that time was elected physician to the General dispen-
sary. In September, 1807, he was elected physician to
the London hospital, which office he resigned in June,
1818, when he left London and settled at Norwich;
and in 1820 was appointed physician to the Norfolk
and Norwich hospital. In 1832 Dr. Yellowly retired
from the practice of his profession, and withdrew to
Woodton-hall, Norfolk, and finally to Cavendish-hall,
where he died, 31st January, 1842, aged sixty-seven.
Dr. Yellowly was one of the most active among those
who established the Medico-Chirurgical Society, in the
welfare of which he continued to take a warm interest
to the last. He was a person of considerable scientific
attainments, an accomplished chemist, and a sound
practitioner. He was a fellow of the Royal and of the
Geological Societies, and the author of
Remarks on the Tendency to Calculous Diseases, with Observa-
tions on the Nature of Urinary Concretions ; and an Analysis of a
large part of the Collection belonging to the Norwich and Norfolk
Hospital. 4to. Lond. 1829.
" Sequel " to the above. 4to. Lond. 1830.
Observations on the Arrangements connected with the Relief
of the Sick Poor, in a Letter to Lord John Russell. 8vo. Lond.
1837.
472 ROLL OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS. [1800
THOMAS MOFFAT, M.D. A doctor of medicine of
Edinburgh of 24th June, 1800 (D.M.I, de Apoplexia
Hydrocephalica) ; was admitted a Licentiate of the
College of Physicians 22nd December, 1800.
END OF SECOND VOLUME.
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