Comprehensive physical rehabilitation of patients with dysplastic deformities of the knee joint

B.A. Pustovoit, K.B. Pustovoit, M.O. Tohtamishev, O.D. Karpinska

Abstract

The questions of postoperative rehabilitation of patients with dysplastic deformities of the knee joint (ligament plasty, transposition of the tibia, corrective bone plasty of the femoral bone block, patellar plasty, etc.) are considered. Comprehensive use of physical rehabilitation, massage and physiotherapy is one of the most important principles in the rehabilitation of such patients. Physical rehabilitation (therapeutic exercises) impacts various systems of the body, including directly the muscles surrounding the knee joint, the ligament apparatus of the kneecap, allows to restore strength, speed, endurance. Physical exercises influence the human body through the neuroreflex and neurohumoral mechanism of action. A well-timed and well-grounded exercise therapy complex eliminates postoperative complications and restores full performance. Therapeutic massage is an important link in restorative treatment after reconstructive surgery of the knee joint, at all stages of rehabilitation. In the mechanism of action of therapeutic massage on the body of a patient, a leading role belongs to three factors: neuroreflex, neurohumoral and mechanical. When administering a massage, you should be guided by the physical condition of the patient and the overall course of recovery, taking into account the indications and contraindications for these or other massage procedures. Physiotherapy is given a significant role in the comprehensive treatment of patients after surgery on the knee joint. Physiotherapeutic procedures affect the restoration of reparative processes in the cartilage tissue of the knee joint, influences the blood and lymph circulation, vascular tone, microcirculation processes in the tissues, have anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, desensitizing, regenerative effects. Comprehensive use of physical rehabilitation (medical physical therapy, therapeutic massage, physiotherapy, hydrocolonotherapy and mechanotherapy) allows to restore the support and motor function, as well as professional suitability, in full volume.