This article analyzes the contradictions between the official discourses, wich legitimize the Brazilian Agroenergy Plan, and environmental problems caused by the expansion of sugarcane monoculture in family farming areas. The case study was conducted in Itapuranga, state of Goiás, combining desk research, literature review and interviews. The main conclusion is that the agro-energy policy has increased environmental problems in Itapuranga and has changed the relation between society and nature.