CODE OF ETHICS

EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2012

PREAMBLEThe Board of Directors of the American Association for Marriageand Family Therapy (AAMFT) hereby promulgates, pursuant toArticle 2, Section 2.01.3 of the Association's Bylaws, the RevisedAAMFT Code of Ethics, effective July 1, 2012.The AAMFT strives to honor the public trust in marriage andfamily therapists by setting standards for ethical practice as described in this Code. The ethical standards define professionalexpectations and are enforced by the AAMFT Ethics Committee.The absence of an explicit reference to a specific behavior orsituation in the Code does not mean that the behavior is ethical orunethical. The standards are not exhaustive. Marriage and familytherapists who are uncertain about the ethics of a particular courseof action are encouraged to seek counsel from consultants, attorneys, supervisors, colleagues, or other appropriate authorities.Both law and ethics govern the practice of marriage and familytherapy. When making decisions regarding professional behavior,marriage and family therapists must consider the AAMFT Code ofEthics and applicable laws and regulations. If the AAMFT Codeof Ethics prescribes a standard higher than that required by law,marriage and family therapists must meet the higher standard ofthe AAMFT Code of Ethics. Marriage and family therapists comply with the mandates of law, but make known their commitmentto the AAMFT Code of Ethics and take steps to resolve the conflict in a responsible manner. The AAMFT supports legal mandates for reporting of alleged unethical conduct.The AAMFT Code of Ethics is binding on members of AAMFT inall membership categories, all AAMFT Approved Supervisors andall applicants for membership or the Approved Supervisor designation. AAMFT members have an obligation to be familiar withthe AAMFT Code of Ethics and its application to their professional services. Lack of awareness or misunderstanding of an ethicalstandard is not a defense to a charge of unethical conduct.

tates that the client: (a) has the capacity to consent; (b) has beenadequately informed of significant information concerning treatment processes and procedures; (c) has been adequately informedof potential risks and benefits of treatments for which generallyrecognized standards do not yet exist; (d) has freely and withoutundue influence expressed consent; and (e) has provided consentthat is appropriately documented. When persons, due to age ormental status, are legally incapable of giving informed consent,marriage and family therapists obtain informed permission from alegally authorized person, if such substitute consent is legallypermissible.1.3 Multiple Relationships. Marriage and family therapists areaware of their influential positions with respect to clients, and theyavoid exploiting the trust and dependency of such persons. Therapists, therefore, make every effort to avoid conditions and multiplerelationships with clients that could impair professional judgmentor increase the risk of exploitation. Such relationships include, butare not limited to, business or close personal relationships with aclient or the clients immediate family. When the risk of impairment or exploitation exists due to conditions or multiple roles,therapists document the appropriate precautions taken.1.4 Sexual Intimacy with Current Clients and Others. Sexualintimacy with current clients, or their spouses or partners is prohibited. Engaging in sexual intimacy with individuals who areknown to be close relatives, guardians or significant others ofcurrent clients is prohibited.1.5 Sexual Intimacy with Former Clients and Others. Sexualintimacy with former clients, their spouses or partners, or individuals who are known to be close relatives, guardians or significantothers of clients is likely to be harmful and is therefore prohibitedfor two years following the termination of therapy or last professional contact. After the two years following the last professionalcontact or termination, in an effort to avoid exploiting the trust anddependency of clients, marriage and family therapists should notengage in sexual intimacy with former clients, or their spouses orpartners. If therapists engage in sexual intimacy with former clients, or their spouses or partners, more than two years after termination or last professional contact, the burden shifts to the therapist to demonstrate that there has been no exploitation or injury tothe former client, or their spouse or partner.

The process for filing, investigating, and resolving complaints of

unethical conduct is described in the current AAMFT Proceduresfor Handling Ethical Matters. Persons accused are consideredinnocent by the Ethics Committee until proven guilty, except asotherwise provided, and are entitled to due process. If an AAMFTmember resigns in anticipation of, or during the course of, anethics investigation, the Ethics Committee will complete its investigation. Any publication of action taken by the Association willinclude the fact that the member attempted to resign during theinvestigation.

1.6 Reports of Unethical Conduct. Marriage and family therapists comply with applicable laws regarding the reporting of alleged unethical conduct.

PRINCIPLE IRESPONSIBILITY TO CLIENTS

1.7 No Furthering of Own Interests. Marriage and family therapists do not use their professional relationships with clients tofurther their own interests.

1. RESPONSIBILITY TO CLIENTSMarriage and family therapists advance the welfare of familiesand individuals. They respect the rights of those persons seekingtheir assistance, and make reasonable efforts to ensure that theirservices are used appropriately.1.1 Non-Discrimination. Marriage and family therapists provideprofessional assistance to persons without discrimination on thebasis of race, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disability,gender, health status, religion, national origin, sexual orientation,gender identity or relationship status.1.2 Informed Consent. Marriage and family therapists obtainappropriate informed consent to therapy or related procedures anduse language that is reasonably understandable to clients. Thecontent of informed consent may vary depending upon the clientand treatment plan; however, informed consent generally necessi-

1.8 Client Autonomy in Decision Making. Marriage and family

therapists respect the rights of clients to make decisions and helpthem to understand the consequences of these decisions. Therapists clearly advise clients that clients have the responsibility tomake decisions regarding relationships such as cohabitation, marriage, divorce, separation, reconciliation, custody, and visitation.1.9 Relationship Beneficial to Client. Marriage and family therapists continue therapeutic relationships only so long as it is reasonably clear that clients are benefiting from the relationship.1.10 Referrals. Marriage and family therapists assist persons inobtaining other therapeutic services if the therapist is unable orunwilling, for appropriate reasons, to provide professional help.

1.11 Non-Abandonment. Marriage and family therapists do not

abandon or neglect clients in treatment without making reasonablearrangements for the continuation of treatment.1.12 Written Consent to Record. Marriage and family therapistsobtain written informed consent from clients before videotaping,audio recording, or permitting third-party observation.1.13 Relationships with Third Parties. Marriage and familytherapists, upon agreeing to provide services to a person or entityat the request of a third party, clarify, to the extent feasible and atthe outset of the service, the nature of the relationship with eachparty and the limits of confidentiality.1.14 Electronic Therapy. Prior to commencing therapy servicesthrough electronic means (including but not limited to phone andInternet), marriage and family therapists ensure that they are compliant with all relevant laws for the delivery of such services.Additionally, marriage and family therapists must: (a) determinethat electronic therapy is appropriate for clients, taking into account the clients intellectual, emotional, and physical needs; (b)inform clients of the potential risks and benefits associated withelectronic therapy; (c) ensure the security of their communicationmedium; and (d) only commence electronic therapy after appropriate education, training, or supervised experience using therelevant technology.

PRINCIPLE IICONFIDENTIALITY2. CONFIDENTIALITYMarriage and family therapists have unique confidentiality concerns because the client in a therapeutic relationship may be morethan one person. Therapists respect and guard the confidences ofeach individual client.2.1 Disclosing Limits of Confidentiality. Marriage and familytherapists disclose to clients and other interested parties, as earlyas feasible in their professional contacts, the nature of confidentiality and possible limitations of the clients right to confidentiality.Therapists review with clients the circumstances where confidential information may be requested and where disclosure of confidential information may be legally required. Circumstances maynecessitate repeated disclosures.2.2 Written Authorization to Release Client Information.Marriage and family therapists do not disclose client confidencesexcept by written authorization or waiver, or where mandated orpermitted by law. Verbal authorization will not be sufficient except in emergency situations, unless prohibited by law. Whenproviding couple, family or group treatment, the therapist does notdisclose information outside the treatment context without a written authorization from each individual competent to execute awaiver. In the context of couple, family or group treatment, thetherapist may not reveal any individuals confidences to others inthe client unit without the prior written permission of that individual.2.3 Confidentiality in Non-Clinical Activities. Marriage andfamily therapists use client and/or clinical materials in teaching,writing, consulting, research, and public presentations only if awritten waiver has been obtained in accordance with Subprinciple2.2, or when appropriate steps have been taken to protect clientidentity and confidentiality.2.4 Protection of Records. Marriage and family therapists store,safeguard, and dispose of client records in ways that maintainconfidentiality and in accord with applicable laws and professionalstandards.2.5 Preparation for Practice Changes. In preparation for moving from the area, closing a practice, or death, marriage and familytherapists arrange for the storage, transfer, or disposal of clientrecords in conformance with applicable laws and in ways thatmaintain confidentiality and safeguard the welfare of clients.

2.6 Confidentiality in Consultations. Marriage and family therapists, when consulting with colleagues or referral sources, do notshare confidential information that could reasonably lead to theidentification of a client, research participant, supervisee, or otherperson with whom they have a confidential relationship unlessthey have obtained the prior written consent of the client, researchparticipant, supervisee, or other person with whom they have aconfidential relationship. Information may be shared only to theextent necessary to achieve the purposes of the consultation.2.7 Protection of Electronic Information. When using electronic methods for communication, billing, recordkeeping, or otherelements of client care, marriage and family therapists ensure thattheir electronic data storage and communications are privacyprotected consistent with all applicable law.

PRINCIPLE IIIPROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE ANDINTEGRITY3. PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE AND INTEGRITYMarriage and family therapists maintain high standards of professional competence and integrity.3.1 Maintenance of Competency. Marriage and family therapistspursue knowledge of new developments and maintain their competence in marriage and family therapy through education, training, or supervised experience.3.2 Knowledge of Regulatory Standards. Marriage and familytherapists maintain adequate knowledge of and adhere to applicable laws, ethics, and professional standards.3.3 Seek Assistance. Marriage and family therapists seek appropriate professional assistance for their personal problems or conflicts that may impair work performance or clinical judgment.3.4 Conflicts of Interest. Marriage and family therapists do notprovide services that create a conflict of interest that may impairwork performance or clinical judgment.3.5 Veracity of Scholarship. Marriage and family therapists, aspresenters, teachers, supervisors, consultants and researchers, arededicated to high standards of scholarship, present accurate information, and disclose potential conflicts of interest.3.6 Maintenance of Records. Marriage and family therapistsmaintain accurate and adequate clinical and financial records inaccordance with applicable law.3.7 Development of New Skills. While developing new skills inspecialty areas, marriage and family therapists take steps to ensurethe competence of their work and to protect clients from possibleharm. Marriage and family therapists practice in specialty areasnew to them only after appropriate education, training, or supervised experience.3.8 Harassment. Marriage and family therapists do not engage insexual or other forms of harassment of clients, students, trainees,supervisees, employees, colleagues, or research subjects.3.9 Exploitation. Marriage and family therapists do not engage inthe exploitation of clients, students, trainees, supervisees, employees, colleagues, or research subjects.3.10 Gifts. Marriage and family therapists do not give to or receive from clients (a) gifts of substantial value or (b) gifts thatimpair the integrity or efficacy of the therapeutic relationship.3.11 Scope of Competence. Marriage and family therapists donot diagnose, treat, or advise on problems outside the recognizedboundaries of their competencies.

3.12 Accurate Presentation of Findings. Marriage and family

therapists make efforts to prevent the distortion or misuse of theirclinical and research findings.3.13 Public Statements. Marriage and family therapists, becauseof their ability to influence and alter the lives of others, exercisespecial care when making public their professional recommendations and opinions through testimony or other public statements.3.14 Separation of Custody Evaluation from Therapy. Toavoid a conflict of interest, marriage and family therapists whotreat minors or adults involved in custody or visitation actions maynot also perform forensic evaluations for custody, residence, orvisitation of the minor. Marriage and family therapists who treatminors may provide the court or mental health professional performing the evaluation with information about the minor from themarriage and family therapists perspective as a treating marriageand family therapist, so long as the marriage and family therapistdoes not violate confidentiality.3.15 Professional Misconduct. Marriage and family therapistsare in violation of this Code and subject to termination of membership or other appropriate action if they: (a) are convicted of anyfelony; (b) are convicted of a misdemeanor related to their qualifications or functions; (c) engage in conduct which could lead toconviction of a felony, or a misdemeanor related to their qualifications or functions; (d) are expelled from or disciplined by otherprofessional organizations; (e) have their licenses or certificatessuspended or revoked or are otherwise disciplined by regulatorybodies; (f) continue to practice marriage and family therapy whileno longer competent to do so because they are impaired by physical or mental causes or the abuse of alcohol or other substances; or(g) fail to cooperate with the Association at any point from theinception of an ethical complaint through the completion of allproceedings regarding that complaint.

PRINCIPLE IVRESPONSIBILITY TO STUDENTS ANDSUPERVISEES4. RESPONSIBILITY TO STUDENTS AND SUPERVISEESMarriage and family therapists do not exploit the trust and dependency of students and supervisees.4.1 Exploitation. Marriage and family therapists who are in asupervisory role are aware of their influential positions with respect to students and supervisees, and they avoid exploiting thetrust and dependency of such persons. Therapists, therefore, makeevery effort to avoid conditions and multiple relationships thatcould impair professional objectivity or increase the risk of exploitation. When the risk of impairment or exploitation exists due toconditions or multiple roles, therapists take appropriate precautions.4.2 Therapy with Students or Supervisees. Marriage and familytherapists do not provide therapy to current students or supervisees.4.3 Sexual Intimacy with Students or Supervisees. Marriageand family therapists do not engage in sexual intimacy with students or supervisees during the evaluative or training relationshipbetween the therapist and student or supervisee. If a supervisorengages in sexual activity with a former supervisee, the burden ofproof shifts to the supervisor to demonstrate that there has been noexploitation or injury to the supervisee.4.4 Oversight of Supervisee Competence. Marriage and familytherapists do not permit students or supervisees to perform or tohold themselves out as competent to perform professional servicesbeyond their training, level of experience, and competence.4.5 Oversight of Supervisee Professionalism. Marriage andfamily therapists take reasonable measures to ensure that servicesprovided by supervisees are professional.

4.6 Existing Relationship with Students or Supervisees. Marriage and family therapists avoid accepting as supervisees or students those individuals with whom a prior or existing relationshipcould compromise the therapists objectivity. When such situations cannot be avoided, therapists take appropriate precautions tomaintain objectivity. Examples of such relationships include, butare not limited to, those individuals with whom the therapist has acurrent or prior sexual, close personal, immediate familial, ortherapeutic relationship.4.7 Confidentiality with Supervisees. Marriage and familytherapists do not disclose supervisee confidences except by writtenauthorization or waiver, or when mandated or permitted by law. Ineducational or training settings where there are multiple supervisors, disclosures are permitted only to other professional colleagues, administrators, or employers who share responsibility fortraining of the supervisee. Verbal authorization will not be sufficient except in emergency situations, unless prohibited by law.

PRINCIPLE VRESPONSIBILITY TO RESEARCHPARTICIPANTS5. RESPONSIBILITY TO RESEARCH PARTICIPANTSInvestigators respect the dignity and protect the welfare of research participants, and are aware of applicable laws, regulations, and professional standards governing the conduct of research.5. 1 Protection of Research Participants. Investigators areresponsible for making careful examinations of ethical acceptability in planning studies. To the extent that services to researchparticipants may be compromised by participation in research,investigators seek the ethical advice of qualified professionals notdirectly involved in the investigation and observe safeguards toprotect the rights of research participants.5. 2 Informed Consent. Investigators requesting participantinvolvement in research inform participants of the aspects of theresearch that might reasonably be expected to influence willingness to participate. Investigators are especially sensitive to thepossibility of diminished consent when participants are also receiving clinical services, or have impairments which limit understanding and/or communication, or when participants are children.5.3 Right to Decline or Withdraw Participation. Investigatorsrespect each participants freedom to decline participation in or towithdraw from a research study at any time. This obligation requires special thought and consideration when investigators orother members of the research team are in positions of authority orinfluence over participants. Marriage and family therapists, therefore, make every effort to avoid multiple relationships with research participants that could impair professional judgment orincrease the risk of exploitation.5.4 Confidentiality of Research Data. Information obtainedabout a research participant during the course of an investigationis confidential unless there is a waiver previously obtained inwriting. When the possibility exists that others, including familymembers, may obtain access to such information, this possibility,together with the plan for protecting confidentiality, is explainedas part of the procedure for obtaining informed consent.

PRINCIPLE VIRESPONSIBILITY TO THE PROFESSION6. RESPONSIBILITY TO THE PROFESSIONMarriage and family therapists respect the rights and responsibilities of professional colleagues and participate in activities thatadvance the goals of the profession.6.1 Conflicts Between Code and Organizational Policies. Marriage and family therapists remain accountable to the AAMFTCode of Ethics when acting as members or employees of organizations. If the mandates of an organization with which a marriage

and family therapist is affiliated, through employment, contract or

otherwise, conflict with the AAMFT Code of Ethics, marriage andfamily therapists make known to the organization their commitment to the AAMFT Code of Ethics and attempt to resolve theconflict in a way that allows the fullest adherence to the Code ofEthics.6.2 Publication Authorship. Marriage and family therapistsassign publication credit to those who have contributed to a publication in proportion to their contributions and in accordance withcustomary professional publication practices.6.3 Authorship of Student Work. Marriage and family therapists do not accept or require authorship credit for a publicationbased on research from a students program, unless the therapistmade a substantial contribution beyond being a faculty advisor orresearch committee member. Co-authorship on a student thesis,dissertation, or project should be determined in accordance withprinciples of fairness and justice.6.4 Plagiarism. Marriage and family therapists who are the authors of books or other materials that are published or distributeddo not plagiarize or fail to cite persons to whom credit for originalideas or work is due.6.5 Accuracy in Publication and Advertising. Marriage andfamily therapists who are the authors of books or other materialspublished or distributed by an organization take reasonable precautions to ensure that the organization promotes and advertisesthe materials accurately and factually.6.6 Pro Bono. Marriage and family therapists participate in activities that contribute to a better community and society, includingdevoting a portion of their professional activity to services forwhich there is little or no financial return.6.7 Advocacy. Marriage and family therapists are concerned withdeveloping laws and regulations pertaining to marriage and familytherapy that serve the public interest, and with altering such lawsand regulations that are not in the public interest.6.8 Public Participation. Marriage and family therapists encourage public participation in the design and delivery of professionalservices and in the regulation of practitioners.

PRINCIPLE VIIFINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS7. FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTSMarriage and family therapists make financial arrangements withclients, third-party payors, and supervisees that are reasonablyunderstandable and conform to accepted professional practices.7.1 Financial Integrity. Marriage and family therapists do notoffer or accept kickbacks, rebates, bonuses, or other remunerationfor referrals; fee-for-service arrangements are not prohibited.7.2 Disclosure of Financial Policies. Prior to entering into thetherapeutic or supervisory relationship, marriage and family therapists clearly disclose and explain to clients and supervisees: (a) allfinancial arrangements and fees related to professional services,including charges for canceled or missed appointments; (b) the useof collection agencies or legal measures for nonpayment; and (c)the procedure for obtaining payment from the client, to the extentallowed by law, if payment is denied by the third-party payor.Once services have begun, therapists provide reasonable notice ofany changes in fees or other charges.7.3 Notice of Payment Recovery Procedures. Marriage andfamily therapists give reasonable notice to clients with unpaidbalances of their intent to seek collection by agency or legal recourse. When such action is taken, therapists will not discloseclinical information.

7.4 Truthful Representation of Services. Marriage and family

therapists represent facts truthfully to clients, third-party payors,and supervisees regarding services rendered.7.5 Bartering. Marriage and family therapists ordinarily refrainfrom accepting goods and services from clients in return for services rendered. Bartering for professional services may be conducted only if: (a) the supervisee or client requests it; (b) the relationship is not exploitative; (c) the professional relationship is notdistorted; and (d) a clear written contract is established.7.6 Withholding Records for Non-Payment. Marriage andfamily therapists may not withhold records under their immediatecontrol that are requested and needed for a clients treatment solely because payment has not been received for past services, exceptas otherwise provided by law.

PRINCIPLE VIIIADVERTISING8. ADVERTISINGMarriage and family therapists engage in appropriate informational activities, including those that enable the public, referralsources, or others to choose professional services on an informedbasis.8.1 Accurate Professional Representation. Marriage and familytherapists accurately represent their competencies, education,training, and experience relevant to their practice of marriage andfamily therapy.8.2 Promotional Materials. Marriage and family therapists ensure that advertisements and publications in any media (such asdirectories, announcements, business cards, newspapers, radio,television, Internet, and facsimiles) convey information that isnecessary for the public to make an appropriate selection of professional services and consistent with applicable law.8.3 Professional Affiliations. Marriage and family therapists donot use names that could mislead the public concerning the identity, responsibility, source, and status of those practicing under thatname, and do not hold themselves out as being partners or associates of a firm if they are not.8.4 Professional Identification. Marriage and family therapistsdo not use any professional identification (such as a business card,office sign, letterhead, Internet, or telephone or association directory listing) if it includes a statement or claim that is false, fraudulent, misleading, or deceptive.8.5 Educational Credentials. In representing their educationalqualifications, marriage and family therapists list and claim asevidence only those earned degrees: (a) from institutions accredited by regional accreditation sources; (b) from institutions recognized by states or provinces that license or certify marriage andfamily therapists; or (c) from equivalent foreign institutions.8.6 Correction of Misinformation. Marriage and family therapists correct, wherever possible, false, misleading, or inaccurateinformation and representations made by others concerning thetherapist's qualifications, services, or products.8.7 Employee or Supervisee Qualifications. Marriage and family therapists make certain that the qualifications of their employees or supervisees are represented in a manner that is not false,misleading, or deceptive.8.8 Specialization. Marriage and family therapists do not represent themselves as providing specialized services unless they havethe appropriate education, training, or supervised experience.