Next Generation Science Standards:
4-ESS1 Earth’s Place in the Universe
4-ESS1-1. Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time.

ESS1.C: The History of Planet Earth
- Local, regional, and global patterns of rock formations reveal changes over time due to earth forces, such as earthquakes. The presence and location of certain fossil types indicate the order in which rock layers were formed. (4-ESS1-1)

4-ESS2 Earth’s Systems
4-ESS2-1. Make observations and/or measurements to provide evidence of the effects of weathering or the rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, or vegetation.

4-ESS2-2. Analyze and interpret data from maps to describe patterns of Earth’s features.

ESS2.A: Earth Materials and Systems
- Rainfall helps to shape the land and affects the types of living things found in a region. Water, ice, wind, living organisms, and gravity break rocks, soils, and sediments into smaller particles and move them around. (4-ESS2-1)

ESS2.B: Plate Tectonics and Large-Scale System Interactions
- The locations of mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, ocean floor structures, earthquakes, and volcanoes occur in patterns. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in bands that are often along the boundaries between continents and oceans. Major mountain chains from inside continents or near their edges. Maps can help locate the different land and water features areas of Earth. (4-ESS2-2).

ESS3.B: Natural Hazards
- A variety of hazards result from natural processes (e.g., earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions). Humans cannot eliminate the hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts. (4-ESS3-2)

ETS1.B: Designing Solutions to Engineering Problems
- Testing a solution involves investigating how well it performs under a range of likely conditions. (secondary to 4-ESS3-2)

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