Heart failure (HF) is typically a chronic disease, with progressive deterioration occurring over a period of years or even decades. HF poses an especially large public health burden. It represents a new epidemic of cardiovascular disease, affecting nearly 5.8 million people in the United States, and over 23 million worldwide. In the present article, our goal is to describe the most up-to-date epidemiology of HF in the United States and worldwide, and challenges facing HF prevention and treatment.