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Modifies the definition of a procedure in a form module or class module to make the procedure callable from modules that are outside the class, but part of the project within which the class is defined. Friend procedures cannot be used in standard modules.

The required procedurename is the name of the procedure to be made visible throughout the project, but not visible to controllers of the class.

Remarks

Public procedures in a class can be called from anywhere, even by controllers of instances of the class. Declaring a procedure Private prevents controllers of the object from calling the procedure, but also prevents the procedure from being called from within the project in which the class itself is defined. Friend makes the procedure visible throughout the project, but not to a controller of an instance of the object. Friend can appear only in form modules and class modules, and can only modify procedure names, not variables or types. Procedures in a class can access the Friend procedures of all other classes in a project. Friend procedures don't appear in the type library of their class. A Friend procedure can't be late bound.

Static Statement

Used at procedure level to declare variables and allocate storage space. Variables declared with the Static statement retain their values as long as the code is running.

When not explicitly stated in lower, the lower bound of an array is controlled by the Option Base statement. The lower bound is zero if no Option Base statement is present.

New Optional. Keyword that enables implicit creation of an object. If you use New when declaring the object variable, a new instance of the object is created on first reference to it, so you don't have to use the Set statement to assign the object reference. The New keyword can't be used to declare variables of any intrinsic data type and can't be used to declare instances of dependent objects.
type Optional. Data type of the variable; may be Byte, Boolean, Integer, Long, Currency, Single, Double, Decimal (not currently supported), Date, String, (for variable-length strings), String * length (for fixed-length strings), Object, Variant, a user-defined type, or an object type. Use a separate As type clause for each variable being defined.

Remarks

Once module code is running, variables declared with the Static statement retain their value until the module is reset or restarted. In class modules, variables declared with the Static statement retain their value in each class instance until that instance is destroyed. In form modules, static variables retain their value until the form is closed. Use the Static statement in nonstatic procedures to explicitly declare variables that are visible only within the procedure, but whose lifetime is the same as the module in which the procedure is defined.

Use a Static statement within a procedure to declare the data type of a variable that retains its value between procedure calls. For example, the following statement declares a fixed-size array of integers:

Static EmployeeNumber(200) As Integer

The following statement declares a variable for a new instance of a worksheet:

Static X As New Worksheet

If the New keyword isn't used when declaring an object variable, the variable that refers to the object must be assigned an existing object using the Set statement before it can be used. Until it is assigned an object, the declared object variable has the special value Nothing, which indicates that it doesn't refer to any particular instance of an object. When you use the New keyword in the declaration, an instance of the object is created on the first reference to the object.

If you don't specify a data type or object type, and there is no Deftype statement in the module, the variable is Variant by default.

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Note The Static statement and the Static keyword are similar, but used for different effects. If you declare a procedure using the Static keyword (as in Static Sub CountSales ()), the storage space for all local variables within the procedure is allocated once, and the value of the variables is preserved for the entire time the program is running. For nonstatic procedures, storage space for variables is allocated each time the procedure is called and released when the procedure is exited. The Static statement is used to declare specific variables within nonstatic procedures to preserve their value for as long as the program is running.

When variables are initialized, a numeric variable is initialized to 0, a variable-length string is initialized to a zero-length string (""), and a fixed-length string is filled with zeros. Variant variables are initialized to Empty. Each element of a user-defined type variable is initialized as if it were a separate variable.

Note When you use Static statements within a procedure, put them at the beginning of the procedure with other declarative statements such as Dim.