A report was published on Wednesday that heightened the economic implications of Brexit on various segments in the British economy. This report assessed an array of possible outcomes from the Brexit plan. Consequently, the main Bank in Britain published its own assessment of Brexit.

All assessments indicated a negative outcome of the Brexit plan. They show that the UK would fall into a far worse economic situation if it were to leave the European Union. Although no quantifiable impact has been placed on the deal between Theresa May, the Prime Minister and the European Union, preliminary studies show that even in the most optimistic situations, the United Kingdom stands disadvantaged compared to nations left in this bloc.

The UK Treasury Chief, Phillip Hammond told BBC confirmed that the economy will be a bit smaller, but doing the deal as the Prime Minister had suggested and negotiated, the outcome will be more manageable.

Despite Mr. Hammonds statement, official estimates show adverse economic effects on Brexit; Under any circumstance, Britain’s decision to exit the EU (European Union) would leave it poorer. Hammond continues to comment that, according to principles of economics, staying in a single market gives a country some economic advantage. This means that Brexit will shed off some economic advantage.

The Bank’s assessment points out that, Prime Minister May’s plans could raise trade barriers between the UK and the nation remaining in the European Union. This is set to hurt Britain’s economy. With only 4 months left until the deal is signed, we cannot ascertain if Prime Minister May will provide a sober exit from the European Union.

The final deal is predicted to give businesses some certainty in the coming two years. However, Prime Minister May still needs to seek approval from an adamant parliament. Consequently, a less tight agreement is still needed to manage the relationship between the UK and nations left in EU.

A group championing for another referendum on the Brexit decision has commissioned an analysis report that shows that the UK economy will be 4% worse off by 2030. On Monday, the NIESR (National Institute of Economic and Social Research) pointed out that additional trade barriers by the UK would hamper trade by discouraging investments.

In the event that May’s plans fail, alternative plans include exiting the EU minus a deal or another referendum or general elections in Britain. The most significant decision is to ensure trade consistently flows as stated by Hammond on Sky News.

Futuristic analyses indicate that May’s plan allows for a transition period in which most trade rules and guidelines will still be the same for many companies. This would also infer a close relationship between the European Union and the UK in terms of financial services, transport, and energy.

Estimates by the government are based on the assumption that during the transition period, Britain is free to sign trade agreements with other developed economies like the United States. However, this is not guaranteed. Economists forecast that the worst possible exit might be a messy exit that would drive UK’s economy into recession.

The government also points out that leaving the EU minus a deal could decrease UK’s economy by 7.7% in 15 years to come. This outcome is based on the assumption that there are no changes in trading arrangements and immigration. If these two factors change, the effects could be much worse.

The British Industries in unison highlights the government’s assertion that leaving the EU without a desired deal will be a bad outcome. This goes ahead to put off insane ideas that a crashing exit would do uncontrollable harm to UK’s economy.

For a long time, a great many people trusted that review is just connected with issues identified with cash. While it might be valid on a fundamental level, in any case, we will widen the idea of review by taking a similar guideline in an alternate application – quality framework review.

Auditing is a method for social occasion proof about consistency with specific prerequisites. These prerequisites can be in any way similar to pertinent systems, measures or understandings where an association buys in. Nonetheless, these necessities may likewise include laws and controls including prerequisites of other outside gatherings, who may have business relations and enthusiasm to the association. In this way, as a gathering who has enthusiasm for the association, they have to guarantee that each part of the association’s procedures fit in with its quality administration framework. What’s more, dealing with the arrangement of value is in this manner one of the association’s organizations.

Inward Quality Management System Audit

Each association must guarantee that their quality administration framework is executed all through that is the reason the need to guarantee such is by methods for a quality administration framework review. Reviews are completed by auditors chose inside the association (inner review) however who are autonomous of the territory or capacity being examined. Nonetheless, reviews are restricted to inside as well as be done remotely.

Three Types of Audit:

1. First Party Audit

2. Second Party Audit

3. Outsider Audit

First Party Audit is a review led by the auditors chose inside the association (inward review) however who are free of the region or capacity being examined. The Second Party Audit is completed by outer gatherings who have business relations enthusiasm with the association ordinarily, a client. Outsider Audit is done by offices autonomous of both association and client. This Third Party Audit can decrease or totally dispense with the requirement for a Second Party Audit (whenever picked up confirmation).

There are methods for leading a review. This is either by Vertical Approach or Horizontal. A vertical review is one methodology of review where one office or capacity is inspected against all components of guidelines or technique. A flat review is another review approach, where all divisions are inspected against one component of the standard or technique.

Inward Quality Audit Structure

A commonplace Internal Quality Audit Structure (as required by ISO 9001) is made out of:

The structure needs the help of restorative activity framework with the end goal to be compelling.

Administration Representative

The Management Representative (otherwise called MR), is named by the association’s best administration with the obligation of the everyday running of the quality administration framework. The MR is likewise in charge of choosing, preparing and overseeing auditors, booking and checking inside reviews. He is the connection between the working quality framework and the organization administration through administration audit work. The MR Bring to the consideration of the administration repeating issues and those constant issues or those can’t be managed at any level and may hold other, however not clashing jobs.

Audit Cycle

Auditor

As much as would be prudent, auditors must be chosen from the capacity secured by the quality administration framework. This is to keep up a certain level of auditor’s advantage and responsibility for auditing process. The auditor must be free of the capacity evaluated to stay away from one-sided judgment.

What is the base number of IT network audit that an association must have?

The Review Body is made out of Top Management, Management Representative and head of different divisions. The Body has an obligation to examine inner review results amid administration survey. They should likewise survey routinely the execution and proceeding with the importance of the quality administration framework. Without audit at this level, quality framework ends up insignificant to the business, unbendable and bureaucratic.

The industrial revolution has transformed people’s patterns of work, lifestyles and living standards to a whole new level by shaping the basic way of life of societies. Although industrialization led to stronger economies, it also changed people’s lives. It was the basis of many drastic changes. The process of urbanization is a critical element to explore. People left the country to move to the city to work because more jobs were available in the cities as factories grew. The family structure also had significant changes. People would move more often. Women and children would also work and cause problems at home.

The industrialization also caused great health concerns. Safety was the problem of noise, pollution, dangerous machinery and unreasonable bosses. The idea of job alienation changed traditional work tools. Hard work, nature and pride did not exist anymore as thoughtless robotic work gained the upper hand. Workers were wage slaves who were paid very poorly for long hours. The days with the seasons that dictated working hours were over. Industrialization was a new era of time that changed society so much that a culture of change was pressing for the individual.

However, the fourth industrial revolution will have a big impact on the business world. Development and prosperity rest on four platforms: customer expectations, product improvements, collaborative innovations and organizational forms with help of global IT providers. Customers will be the epicenter of the business. The increasing digital transparency in the business world will lead to a big change in the world of customer experiences, data-driven services, and asset performance. The rise of new global niches and business models will definitely require a revision and replacement of existing talents, culture, and organizational forms. Business leaders need to understand their changing environment, challenge the assumptions of their operational teams, and tirelessly and continuously innovate to be in the changing league.

The recent development in blockchain has encouraged the people and organizations that are related to various financial activities, directly or indirectly. You should also feel the pleasure by the recent report of World Economic Forum that claims that 10 percent of the world’s GDP would be stored on various block chains or the blockchain technology. This claim is not a joke, and that is why everyone involved in such a business must consider this claim seriously. However, people all around the world are still not fully aware of the terms, and they still require some idea as to what this technology does.

Electric vehicles (EVs) have become one of the most popular vehicles that people are buying nowadays. It is just perfectly a good substitute of a cycle, auto-rickshaw or any kind of automotive food – chain. EVs are not only become popular in urban areas but it has also gained the same importance in the rural areas. EVs on each passing days are grabbing more attention not only the buyers but also the manufacturers are introducing new functions which can be associated with the EVs for better performance. It’s not only about the battery operated cars but also battery operated rickshaw is much hype. The reason is simply that not only it is a cost-effective business for the manufacturers but also it is eco- friendly.

The concept behind the smart home is that an automation system is capable of operating systems around the house. The variety of possible options is considerable and includes environmental systems (lighting, heating, air conditioning, etc.), entertainment systems, individual appliances and home security systems. If you want to have a truly energy-efficient home in the 21st century, you should at least think about making it a smart home. An intelligent home uses advanced technology to monitor and reduce energy consumption at home. Although there are some people who purposely build smart homes, the majority of Americans still do not make that investment. Nonetheless, even the average American begins to implement smart energy-saving technology, and eventually, the whole house will take over and become a way of life. In other words, smart homes are gradually sneaking in on the average homeowner.

found in various industries such as energy, water, manufacturing, advanced materials, and transportation. The most common example of cleantech would be the use of solar energy, water filtration, industrial process control and hybrid electric vehicles. Cleantech is also a second-generation improvement over the green technologies, as it not only protects the environment but is also cost-effective, driven by the market and attracts venture capital funds. The commercial point of view is an integral part of this benign technology, which is a sure factor in its growth.

As a way to help customers, the Transport for London has been recommended to assist them in repossessing their share of cash modeled by dormant Oyster cards as the system marks its 15th anniversary.

In summation, balances and deposits amounts to 321M. This is a result of cards that have not been utilized for more than a year as shown by prescribed statistics. Subsequently after its foundation, the Oyster always granted people the opportunity to move freely through London’s transport network. To accomplish this, Oyster uses radio-frequency identification technology (RFID) technology.

The card is made using integrated circuit comprising two principal components, a petite microchip that stores data and an antenna that is capable of transmitting and receiving relevant data. The RFID tubes which are disks in bright yellow color are found on every station gate. They also possess a two-way receiver. A pulse of radio waves are sent by the reader immediately the card is brought near the reader. By this, the chip is activated, this propels enough power for the reader to ascertain the cards serial number and the bearing of a slate or pay-as-you-go balance.

The amount left on Dormant Oyster cards is gliding as people alternate to contactless payment. Using advertisements and information campaigns TfL has continued casting us but remain improbably quiet about the cash mountain which is the main issue. TfL should commit their time by assuring the general public of how they could get back their money.Since the launch of Oyster cards back on 30 June 2003, it is estimated that more than 100 million individuals have used it. Public transport payment has been revolutionalised by the system.

This has been seen in areas like Tube, rail, bus, boat and cable cars. By capping fares individuals would never pay more or less as compared to those using paper tickets for their days travel. Users are capable of recovering the 5 initial deposits that they paid for their card and a also 10 pay-as-you-go credit. Nevertheless, not all users are willing to do this and this has led to the TfL remaining on an increasing fund of cash piling up on dormant cards. The figure has amounted to nearly 100m in the two yesteryears, from 223m in August 2016.

Due to all the changes that have happened in the system the transport authority is designing a good plan amounting to 1 billion shortfalls the coming year after a decline in passengers. Work patterns and rise of internet shopping has led to the decline in these sectors revenues. Upgrading programs of the several Tubes has been remitted after much loss of a government grant amounting to 700m a year.

This also comes in connection with due cutting of substantial bus services. Shashi Verma. TfL`s Chief technology officer said that the Oyster card is an essential part of London and we1re delighted with how popular this innovation has become in the last 15 years. The system has also changed the public transport in London and has made it become a recognized system in the world and aided in the providence of not only more but affordable and comfortable travel for everyone.

If you have been to San Francisco, then you know that the public transportation system in the city is woefully inadequate. The city has some old trams and only one subway line. These fail to meet the transportation requirements during rush hour. You can see commuters riding electric unicycles, skateboarding or even running to work. All these methods are preferable to using the public transportation. This is the main reason companies like Uber and Lyft have their headquarters here. San Francisco is the ultimate market for carpool companies like Uber and Lyft. Rush hour traffic is a major issue in many big cities worldwide and this is not limited to San Francisco. But compared to cities like London, Beijing and Hong Kong, public transportation in San Francisco is the worst.

Uber and Lyft have thrived in the city with their popularity and customer base increasing steadily. As these companies continue to grow, something weird is happening. They are becoming similar to public transport systems. Lyft has recently launched a new service called Shuttle. Shuttle is a shared car that runs on a fixed route at a fixed fare. So it is basically a car functioning like a bus. In Manila, Uber launched a similar service called UberHop. With services like these, the companies are maximising their profits, but are they hurting the public transport system? Or are they helping the system? In many cities in the US, the prices offered by carpooling services are very competitive and sometimes cost only a dollar more than traveling by bus. And since buses have to stop along the way at designated stops to pick up and drop passengers, they take double the time compared to a carpooling service. This situation is unique to the US. In other global big cities, the subway system is much cheaper and faster than carpooling.

In San Francisco, the introduction of Shuttle by Lyft has led to a lot of people questioning whether companies like Uber and Lyft are harming the public transportation. Lyft’s co-founder, Logan Green, has been a lifelong advocate of using buses for transportation. While in college, Green served on the transportation board of Santa Barbara. Also, he doesn’t own a car. While serving on the transportation board he lobbied to raise funds to improve the bus system by increasing the taxes. But voters rejected the idea and Green was very disappointed by the result.

Companies like Uber and Lyft want a future were fewer people actually own cars. Instead, they use a combination of trains and cabs to commute. To encourage more people to adopt this behavior, companies are offering special promotions. Uber offered commuters in Seattle, subsidized rides to certain light-rail stations and the subsidy was provided by the company itself. Although this is a smart move towards the future they envision, it has its pitfalls as well. If Uber becomes equivalent to a public transport system, it may need to be regulated. Right now, Uber sets its price as per an algorithm which changed the fares dynamically based on a number of factors. The company already faces issues with its pricing. If Lyft or Uber is the only transportaion option available in a city, then their prices will come under scrutiny.

Other cities have also tried to experiment with ride-hailing services to improve their public transport. Earlier this year, Austin has started their own carpool van app. Nashville is also trying something similar. Maybe the future of bus system is not so grim after all and it can be salvaged with the help of ride-hailing services.

Transportation systems in the world are now undergoing major transformations. The rise in modern technologies has enabled the system to go a mile ahead in inventions. Innovations which aim at enhancing the transportation are now being used thus better transport.

Transportation technology is a systematic use of automation by people which advances in making the technology used in the system way better. We can all attest to this because the use of the technology system has made it easy for one to access for example a bus ticket without any hustles.

The metro workshops, on the other hand, play a significant role which brings out the relevance of this technology system. Their aim is to enable people to get the broader use of this mode, hence analyzing salient features of it. The (ITS) Intelligent Transportation Systems is making driving and traffic management

Increase in the traffic due to high population is one factor that propels this idea. The Network Support Company in Surrey Head of Marketing, Vicki Watson says “Insufficient funds for more infrastructure has made this system be successful”. Here are various ways in which the new transportation technologies will deal with the key challenges we undergo.

• Autonomous and Connected Vehicles
The most anticipated element of ITS is the connected vehicle. Its imminent arrival is one reason for the new visions of transportation within a metro area. The focus on wireless communication between the vehicle to another is the main target of this technology. Having a decrease in the number of car accidents is one of the pros to this mode. Nonetheless, the roads will also de-congest once people embrace these cars.

• Accessibility to all.
Not everyone has a car since we all are from different backgrounds thus pedestrians and also the bikers should be able to get access to these roads which is through the creation of a road that is more accommodating. The number of people that it can carry can also hold up to goods that are being moved.
Technology advances often come to low-income communities last. While the private market makes new business decisions, they should also get to consider the other communities. However, new technology should be made with communities for communities. Examples include having a Bike Town.

• Share driving data.
The ITS generates data that aid civic leadership make better decisions. Traffic analysis, for example, can be determined by the connected vehicles and the connected infrastructure. This can easily inform the traveler how much traffic there is and which route is better for fast arrival to one’s destination. Through this system, the traffic is easily managed hence having more traffic flow.
Creating ways to have more centralized data, that is, shareable gives partner’s tools of being more efficient, good in transportation decision making and financial budgets, achieving the community expectations.

• Electrical vehicles.
Having non-fuel cars are one of the biggest advantages in that they help to promote a non-polluted environment. Apart from it saving the environment the reduction in the cost of buying fuel will help in controlling the economy. Therefore, having more charging stations in lieu to petrol stations is so economical since its affordable among all classes in the society.

• Increase in the number of partnerships
Networking among various industries is one way one can get support from investors. Engaging them in the various projects in mind will make them fund it. Consequently, having economical support is significant in promoting better infrastructure.
Partnering with the private sector is a good option not only for the cost but also the efficiency standpoint. With the increase in the population, having quite a number of good roads is one of the ways of implementing these transportation technologies.

Conclusion.
As traffic grows in volumes in the coming decades, the public sector needs to embrace every opportunity in order to manage all transportation systems and infrastructure. This is one of the challenges that may arise and could be faced as time goes by.
The government has created these metro workshops to see pertinence in the use of new technologies in managing the transport.
Investing in a secure infrastructure is more secure than dealing with the rampant cost of building more roads or increase the number of cars crashes not forgetting the traffic system.This type of technology will be the key to all the mother of innovations as it will make the cities to be a bigger place to be and a hub of development.