supply chain management

Supply Chain Management

The act or process of ensuring that one's business has the proper supplies in order to continue operations. Supply management involves ensuring that supplies are procured as cheaply as possible. For example, a construction company must procure cement, wood, and nails efficiently and inexpensively; equally, a consulting firm must make sure that research materials are easily available. Large companies often devote whole divisions to supply chain management, giving them budgets of millions of dollars to help the company save money.

There are two basic types of supply chain management: just in time and just in case. A just in time supply chain management strategy involves keeping only enough inventory to meet immediate business needs. This requires constant monitoring but can save a significant amount money. A just in case strategy, on the other hand, keeps a larger inventory to meet unexpected increases in demand. This saves less money (depending on the nature of the business and matters like carrying costs) but can be easier to manage.

Using high-tech dummies at its Vehicle Research Center in Virginia, IIHS found a significant decrease in the whiplash effect on the dummies when the head restraints were adjusted to the proper height -- no lower than the dummies' ears.

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