Theme

theme, Greek Thema,
in the Byzantine Empire, originally, a military unit stationed in a provincial area; in the 7th century the name was applied to large military districts formed as buffer territories against Muslim encroachments in Anatolia.

The organization of territory into themes began under Emperor Heraclius (reigned 610–641), who stationed troops in three large districts under the command of military governors (stratēgoi). Soldiers were settled in the themes as farmers, helping to build a permanent citizen army.

In the 7th century there were four themes: Armeniakon (northeast Anatolia), Anatolikon (central Anatolia), Opsikion (northwest Anatolia), and Carabisiani (southwest Anatolia ... (100 of 209 words)