Modern
World represents the conglomerate of political, economical, military
and scientific character’s conflicts, where the main reason, in
the worldwide for acquisition the dominant role represents strategic
interests of their fighting states and their union. One of the main
instrument to implement the interests is an intelligence activity,
but the only way of eradication is a counterintelligence activity.
Exactly the previous article allows us to conclude, that in the
modern stage, similar to the period of BC, an intelligence and
counterintelligence activity represents the main guarantee of the
state security.

Historical
analyses of an intelligence activity reveals, that world empires to
their own interests helpful, are constantly working for expansion of
territorial control, which is the base of the financial and military
strength.

From
the ancient period to the present day, the organization’s
activity of an intelligence and counterintelligence is granted with
an important role; because of successful events in this direction are
the main bases of territorial control or its enlargement insurance.

In
this regard, before our BC period, one of the important and
interesting subject represents the Roman Empire, where an
intelligence and counterintelligence’s ways of activity and
method were featured and also their supporting legislation.

Before
our BC period, social-political development processes of Roman Empire
were progressing in the background of constant political-economical
tension and hostilities. Exactly the high level of intelligence and
counterintelligence coordination was providing the high level of
development. But the disruption of this coordination was the main
cause of Empire’s decomposition.

In
old Rome during the activity of an intelligence and
counterintelligence, there was functioning the strategic importance
bridge’s building service. Also collection the information of
living rules of the people who were living in the territory which was
controlled by the Empire.

In
391 [1]
year
before our era, during the hostilities with Galleys, it is
significant such an intelligence and counterintelligence activities
as they are:

Romanian
error in the direction of counterintelligence; during the process of
study of strategic territories and disinformation which was used by
the adversary to siege the military force.

In
the direction of intelligence, a successful recruitment in the
implementing siege of military force, from which in the first stage
of captured sub-unit informational insurance, and in the following
stage it was possible to raise the siege.

For
the purpose of removing informational vacuum, in 105 year before our
era, as a result of diplomatic negotiations, the Roman Empire was
able to collect such intelligence information, as they are: Spread of
houses of Numidiel soldiers (during hostilities, exactly theses
houses were the main target of damage), construction, quantity of
armed soldiers and the type of equipment.

Before
the planned war, in 55 year of BC, diplomatic mission had been sent
in Britain for the intelligence purposes made it possible to mobilize
public opinion about the obedience of Rome with Britain’s own
will.

In
100-14[2-3]year
before our era, it is signified active counterintelligence
organization, when in the Roman Empire there was constant political
tension, which was supporting the slave’s constant rebellions
and increased the dangers in Roman Empire.

In
this period for the Imperial government most unacceptable political
figure was the Senator Tsitseroni,[4-5]
who simply could mobilize desired public’s opinion.

For
suppression of Tsitseroni’s activity, Roman Empire has received
proper law, according to this law, he did not have right to approach
500 miles from Rome, also granting Asylum from the population, even
he did not have the right to use water and fire. In addition, one
portion of the property of Tsisteroni was burnt and other was sold
out.

Except
the discussed intelligence and counterintelligence directions,
information under the secret services of Roman Empire was
subordinated to: Empyrean residents and officials sentiments,
dependence of political events and conquered nation’s morals
and manners.

Counterintelligence
organization should be regarded as a result of private insurance of
Imperator and high-ranking imperial officials, also functioning of
Pretorianels guard, which had been fulfilling also the police
functions. “Special privileges were used by Kohits, they were
accepting high salaries and were serving longer, than common
legionnaires, especially Kohits were providing police services”.
[6]

Intelligence and
counterintelligence activity’s one of the contributing factor
in the Roman Empire against the Imperial door, was the classification
of treason, according to which such treasons were: treachery, reveal
of military secret, disobedience of order, help of enemy, spread of
rumors and superstitious, destruction of buildings, bribery,
falsification of document, break an oath, non-fulfillment the law,
bad performance of soldier’s duty. In this regard, an important
role also was the legislative insurance. This period also covers the
creation of laws, which were aimed for rising the weakened Roman
morals and manners, also for improving demographic and moral
condition and for prohibition of Emperors movement inside the Empire
without special permission etc.

In
an intelligence and counterintelligence organization punishment was
also very important role. With above mentioned crimes most remarkable
were: death penalty, exile, expropriation and other.

In
that way, in the period before our era of Rome we have:

Insurance
of Intelligence and counterintelligence’s activity in the
structural unit of strategic facilities and its adjacent areas of
Imperial.

Maintenance
of informational insurance and recruitment by the Imperial
intelligence, in the siege conditions of their own military force.

Insurance
the study of rules and manners of the population by the organization
of intelligence and counterintelligence.

Before
starting hostilities by the Empire, in the organized vacuum
conditions by the enemy, with organization of diplomatic
negotiations intelligence-informational insurance.

The
conquered object by the Empire, with the organization of diplomatic
mission in the country to the conqueror, obedience with their own
and mobilization of desirable public opinion in the population.

Counterintelligence
study to the attitude of political processes of Empire’s
officials and population.

For
the intelligence penetration and counterintelligence activity’s
contributing factors, classification of crimes, legislative
insurance and types of sentences against the Imperial door must be
considered.