“There is no new strain of HIV which has been found in the Philippines. The variants of the virus found in the Philippines have not changed and are similar to the strains of the virus found in many parts of Asia and in other parts of the world,” UNAIDS has stated.

“In addition, there is no conclusive evidence that the strains of the virus found in the country are more infectious than other virus variants, nor is there evidence that they are resistant to the current treatmentregimens available."

The statement was released in response to news stories by two international media outlets that were later picked up by numerous local media.

On 9 March, a headline on the website of the German publisher Deutsche Welle (DW) read: "New virus strain behind HIV explosion in the Philippines", with a sub-heading that referred to the AE subtype of the virus as "drug-resistant”. The article has since been revised in response to the statements.

“There is no new strain of HIV which has been found in the Philippines.”

UNAIDS

And on 10 March, the London-based The Independent, ran a news story with the headline: "Drug-resistant HIV strain discovered in Philippines could trigger new epidemic, scientists warn." This story was also subsequently amended.

The UNAIDS statement added that “as with all strains of HIV, prevention measures such as consistent condom use, pre-exposure prophylaxis and universal treatment which achieves viral suppression are effective in reducing transmission”.

It was followed by a joint UNAIDS-WHO release on 23 March which said: “All HIV-1 subtypes can be expected to respond to currently recommended ART regimens”.

Edsel Salvana, director of the Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at the University of the Philippines, explains that the AE strain of HIV that is prevalent in the Philippines “may develop drug resistance to current antiretroviral (ARV) regimens faster or differently than subtype B, which used to be the predominant HIV strain in the Philippines”.

But Meg Doherty, coordinator of treatment and care with WHO's HIV and Global Hepatitis Programme, tells SciDev.Net that the WHO believes there is ample evidence that all HIV-1 subtypes that are treated with standard first-line antiretroviral (ARV) drugs will respond equally well. This, she says, is backed by evidence of suppressed viral load and improved clinical outcomes across countries and populations.

"If a person takes ARV drugs daily, as indicated, the virus should be suppressed and emergence of HIV drug resistance mutations should not occur," says Doherty. "Once a person fails a first-line treatment with evidence of an elevated viral load, ARV drug mutations that may have developed may vary by the drugs initiated and possibly by the HIV-1 subtype."