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Summary

Praised by instructors and students alike for its readability and attention to everyday life, the twelfth edition of A History of Western Society includes many tools to engage today's students and save instructors time. This edition features a comprehensive primary source program, five chapters devoted to the lives of ordinary people that make the past real and relevant, and the best and latest scholarship throughout. Enhanced with a wealth of digital content in LaunchPad, the twelfth edition provides easily assignable options for instructors and novel ways for students to master the content. Integrated with LearningCurve, an adaptive online resource that helps students retain the material and come to class prepared.

Author Biography

John P. McKay (Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley) is professor emeritus at the University of Illinois. He has written or edited numerous works, including the Herbert Baxter Adams Prize-winning book Pioneers for Profit: Foreign Entrepreneurship and Russian Industrialization, 1885-1913.

Clare Haru Crowston (Ph.D., Cornell University) teaches at the University of Illinois, where she is currently associate professor of history. She is the author of Fabricating Women: The Seamstresses of Old Regime France, 1675-1791, which won the Berkshire and Hagley Prizes. She edited two special issues of the Journal of Women's History, has published numerous journal articles and reviews, and is a past president of the Society for French Historical Studies.

Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks (Ph.D., University of Wisconsin-Madison) taught first at Augustana College in Illinois, and since 1985 at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where she is currently UWM Distinguished Professor in the department of history. She is the coeditor of the Sixteenth Century Journal and the author or editor of more than twenty books, most recently The Marvelous Hairy Girls: The Gonzales Sisters and Their Worlds and Gender in History. She is the former Chief Reader for Advanced Placement World History.

Joe Perry (Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign) is Associate Professor of modern German and European history at Georgia State University. He has published numerous articles and is author of Christmas in Germany: A Cultural History (2010). His current research interests focus on issues of consumption, gender, and popular culture in West Germany and Western Europe after World War II.

Table of Contents

Please note: The Combined Volume includes all chapters. Volume 1 includes Chapters 1-16.Volume 2 includes Chapters 14-30.Volume A includes Chapters 1-12.Volume B includes Chapters 11-19.Volume C includes Chapters 19-30.Since 1300 includes Chapters 11-30.NOTE: LaunchPad material that does not appear in the print book – including guided reading exercises, author features, LearningCurve adaptive quizzes, and summative quizzes– has been indicated on this table of contents as shown. Each chapter in LaunchPad also comes with a wealth of additional documents, videos, key terms flashcards, map quizzes, timeline activities, and much more, all of which can be easily integrated and assigned.ContentsPrefaceVersions and SupplementsMaps, Figures, and TablesSpecial Features

1 ORIGINS to 1200 b.c.e.Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadUnderstanding Western HistoryDescribing the West What Is Civilization?The Earliest Human SocietiesFrom the First Hominids to the Paleolithic EraPlanting CropsImplications of AgricultureTrade and Cross-Cultural ConnectionsEvaluating the Evidence 1.1: Paleolithic Venus FiguresCivilization in MesopotamiaEnvironment and Mesopotamian DevelopmentThe Invention of Writing and the First SchoolsReligion in MesopotamiaSumerian Politics and SocietyEvaluating the Evidence 1.2: Gilgamesh’s Quest for ImmortalityEmpires in MesopotamiaThe Akkadians and the BabyloniansLife Under HammurabiCultural Exchange in the Fertile CrescentThe EgyptiansThe Nile and the God-KingEgyptian ReligionEgyptian Society and WorkEgyptian Family LifeThe Hyksos and New Kingdom RevivalConflict and Cooperation with the HittitesEvaluating the Evidence 1.3: Egyptian Home LifeLooking Back / Looking AheadReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadLiving in the Past: The IcemanThinking Like a Historian: Addressing the GodsMapping the Past: Empires and Migrations in the Eastern Mediterranean Individuals in Society: Hatshepsut and NefertitiSummative Quiz LaunchPad

1. Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 1 LaunchPadDocument 1-1: The Battle Between Marduk and Tiamat (ca. 2000–1000 B.C.E.)Document 1-2: The Epic of Gilgamesh (ca. 2750 B.C.E.)Document 1-3: The Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1780 B.C.E.)Document 1-4: The Egyptian Book of the Dead (ca. 2100–1800 B.C.E.)Document 1-5: Letters Between a Sumerian King and His Prime Minister (ca. 2000–1700 B.C.E.) Document 1-6: Akhenaten, The Hymn to Aton (ca. 1350 B.C.E.)Document 1-7: Lamentation Over the Destruction of Sumer and Ur (ca. 2000 - 1700 B.C.E.)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 12 Small Kingdoms and Mighty Empires in the Near East1200–510 b.c.e.Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadIron and the Emergence of New StatesIron TechnologyThe Decline of Egypt and the Emergence of KushThe Rise of PhoeniciaEvaluating the Evidence 2.1: The Report of WenamunThe HebrewsThe Hebrew StateThe Jewish ReligionHebrew Family and SocietyEvaluating the Evidence 2.2: A Jewish Family Contract Assyria, the Military MonarchyAssyria’s Long Road to PowerAssyrian Rule and CultureThe Neo-Babylonian EmpireEvaluating the Evidence 2.3: Assyrians Besiege a CityThe Empire of the Persian KingsConsolidation of the Persian EmpirePersian ReligionPersian Art and CultureReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadThinking Like a Historian: The Moral LifeMapping the Past: The Assyrian and Persian Empires, ca. 1000–500 b.c.e.Living in the Past: Assyrian Palace Life and PowerIndividuals in Society: Cyrus the GreatSummative Quiz LaunchPad2.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 2 LaunchPadDocument 2-1: Book of Genesis (ca. 950–450 B.C.E.)Document 2-2: Exodus and Deuteronomy (ca. 950–450 B.C.E.)Document 2-3: Assyrian Kings Proclaim Their Greatness (ca. 1220–1070 B.C.E.) Document 2-4: Cyrus and Persia, Ruling an Empire (ca. 550 B.C.E.)Document 2-5: Book of Isaiah: Blessings for Cyrus (ca. 550 B.C.E.)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 23 The Development of Greek Society and Cultureca. 3000–338 b.c.e.Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadGreece in the Bronze AgeGeography and SettlementThe MinoansThe MycenaeansHomer, Hesiod, and the EpicEvaluating the Evidence 3.1: Hesiod, Works and DaysThe Development of the Polis in the Archaic AgeOrganization of the PolisGoverning StructuresOverseas ExpansionThe Growth of SpartaThe Evolution of AthensWar and Turmoil in the Classical PeriodThe Persian WarsGrowth of the Athenian EmpireThe Peloponnesian WarThe Struggle for DominancePhilip II and Macedonian SupremacyClassical Greek Life and CultureAthenian Arts in the Age of PericlesHouseholds and WorkGender and SexualityPublic and Personal ReligionThe Flowering of PhilosophyEvaluating the Evidence 3.2: The Acropolis of AthensEvaluating the Evidence 3.3 Sophocles, AntigoneReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadLiving in the Past: Triremes and Their CrewsMapping the Past: The Peloponnesian War, 431–404 b.c.e.Thinking Like a Historian: Gender Roles in Classical AthensIndividuals in Society: Aristophanes00Summative Quiz LaunchPad3.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 3 LaunchPadDocument 3-1: Homer, The Odyssey: Odysseus and the Sirens (ca. 800 B.C.E.)Document 3-2: Hesiod, Works and Days (ca. 800 B.C.E.)Document 3-3: Sophocles, Antigone (441 B.C.E.)Document 3-4: Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War: Pericles’ Funeral Oration (ca. 400 B.C.E.)Document 3-5: Plato, The Republic: The Allegory of the Cave (ca. 360 B.C.E.)Document 3-6: Aristotle, Politics: Democracy (ca. 340 B.C.E.)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 34 Life in the Hellenistic World 336–30 b.c.e.Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadAlexander’s Conquests and Their Political LegacyMilitary CampaignsThe Political LegacyEvaluating the Evidence 4.1: Arrian on Alexander the GreatBuilding a Hellenized SocietyUrban LifeGreeks in Hellenistic CitiesGreeks and Non-GreeksThe Economy of the Hellenistic WorldAgriculture and IndustryCommerceReligion and Philosophy in the Hellenistic WorldReligion and MagicHellenism and the JewsPhilosophy and the PeopleEvaluating the Evidence 4.2: A Hellenistic Spell of AttractionHellenistic Science and MedicineScienceMedicineEvaluating the Evidence 4.3: The Periplus of the Erythraean SeaReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadMapping the Past: The Hellenistic World, ca. 263 b.c.eLiving in the Past: Farming in the Hellenistic WorldThe Past Living Now: Container ShippingIndividuals in Society: Archimedes, Scientist and InventorThinking Like a Historian: Hellenistic MedicineSummative Quiz LaunchPad4.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 4 LaunchPadDocument 4-1: Ephippus of Olynthus, On the Burial of Alexander and Hephaestion: Ephippus of Olynthus Remembers Alexander the Great (ca. 323 B.C.E.)Document 4-2: Plutarch, Life of Cleomenes III (75 C.E.)Document 4-3: Diogenes Laertius, The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers: Diogenes of Sinope, the Cynic (ca. 300–200 B.C.E.)Document 4-4: Epicurus, The Principal Doctrines of Epicureanism (ca. 306 B.C.E.)Document 4-5: Epictetus, Encheiridion, or The Manual (ca. 100 C.E.)Document 4-6: Polybius, A Greek Historian Describes Byzantium’s Contribution to Regional Trade (ca. 170–118 B.C.E.)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 45 The Rise of Rome ca. 1000–27 b.c.e.Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadRome’s Rise to PowerThe Geography of ItalyThe EtruscansThe Founding of RomeThe Roman Conquest of ItalyEvaluating the Evidence 5.1: The Temple of Hercules VictorThe Roman RepublicThe Roman StateSocial Conflict in RomeRoman ExpansionThe Punic WarsRome Turns EastRoman SocietyRoman FamiliesGreek Influence on Roman CultureOpposing Views: Cato the Elder and Scipio AemilianusEvaluating the Evidence 5.2: A Woman’s Actions in the Turia InscriptionThe Late RepublicReforms for Poor and Landless CitizensPolitical ViolenceCivil WarEvaluating the Evidence 5.3: Cicero and the Plot to Kill CaesarReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadMapping the Past: Roman Expansion During the Republic, ca. 282–44 b.c.e.Living in the Past: Roman Table MannersThinking Like a Historian: Land Ownership and Social Conflict in the Late RepublicIndividuals in Society: Queen CleopatraSummative Quiz LaunchPad5.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 5 LaunchPadDocument 5-1: Livy, The Rape of Lucretia (ca. 27–25 B.C.E.)Document 5-2: A Roman Wedding (ca. 160 c.e.)Document 5-3: The Law of the Twelve Tables (449 b.c.e.)Document 5-4: Seneca, The Sounds of a Roman Bath (ca. 50 C.E.)Document 5-5: Appian of Alexandria, The Civil Wars (ca. 100 C.E.)Document 5-6: Plutarch, On Julius Caesar, a Man of Unlimited Ambition (ca. 44 B.C.E.)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 56 The Roman Empire 27 b.c.e.–284 c.e.Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadAugustus’s ReignThe PrincipateRoman ExpansionThe Flowering of Latin LiteratureMarriage and MoralityEvaluating the Evidence 6.1: Augustus, Res GestaeEvaluating the Evidence 6.2: Ovid, The Art of LoveEvaluating the Evidence 6.3: Ara PacisAugustus’s SuccessorsThe Julio-Claudians and the FlaviansThe Age of the "Five Good Emperors"Rome and the ProvincesLife in Imperial RomeApproaches to Urban ProblemsPopular EntertainmentProsperity in the Roman ProvincesTrade and CommerceThe Coming of ChristianityFactors Behind the Rise of ChristianityThe Life and Teachings of JesusThe Spread of ChristianityThe Growing Acceptance and Evolution of ChristianityThe Empire in DisarrayCivil Wars and Military CommandersTurmoil in Economic LifeReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadThinking Like a Historian: Army and EmpireIndividuals in Society: Pliny the ElderLiving in the Past: Roman Epitaphs: Death Remembers LifeMapping the Past: Production and Trade in the Pax Romana, ca. 27 b.c.e.–180 c.e.Summative Quiz LaunchPad6.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 6 LaunchPadDocument 6-1: Tacitus, Germania (ca. 100 C.E.)Document 6-2: Apuleius, The Golden Ass: The Veneration of Isis (ca. 170 C.E.)Document 6-3: The Gospel According to Matthew: The Sermon on the Mount (28 C.E.)Document 6-4: Paul of Tarsus, Epistle to the Galatians (ca. 50–60 C.E.)Document 6-5: The Alexamenos Graffito (ca. 100 C.E.)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 67 Late Antiquity 250–600Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadReconstruction Under Diocletian and ConstantinePolitical MeasuresEconomic IssuesThe Acceptance of ChristianityThe Growth of the Christian ChurchThe Church and Its LeadersThe Development of Christian MonasticismMonastery LifeChristianity and Classical CultureChristian Notions of Gender and SexualitySaint Augustine on Human Nature, Will, and SinBarbarian SocietyVillage and Family LifeTribes and HierarchiesCustomary and Written LawCeltic and Germanic ReligionEvaluating the Evidence 7.1: Tacitus on Germanic SocietyMigration, Assimilation, and ConflictCeltic and Germanic People in Gaul and BritainVisigoths and HunsGermanic Kingdoms and the End of the Roman EmpireEvaluating the Evidence 7.2: Battle Between Romans and GothsChristian Missionaries and ConversionMissionaries’ ActionsThe Process of ConversionEvaluating the Evidence 7.3: Gregory of Tours on the Veneration of RelicsThe Byzantine EmpireSources of Byzantine StrengthThe Law Code of JustinianByzantine Intellectual LifeThe Orthodox ChurchReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadThinking Like a Historian: Slavery in Roman and Germanic SocietyMapping the Past: The Barbarian Migrations, ca. 340–500Living in the Past: The Horses of SpainIndividuals in Society: Theodora of ConstantinopleSummative Quiz LaunchPad7.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 7 LaunchPadDocument 7-1: Saint Ambrose of Milan, Emperor Theodosius Brought to Heel (390)Document 7-2: Saint Benedict of Nursia, The Rule of Saint Benedict (529)Document 7-3: Saint Augustine, City of God: The Two Cities (413–426)Document 7-4: The Law of the Salian Franks (ca. 500–600)Document 7-5: Emperor Justinian, The Institutes of Justinian (529–533)Document 7-6: Procopius of Caesarea, The Secret History (ca. 550)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 78 Europe in the Early Middle Ages 600–1000Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadThe Spread of IslamThe ArabsThe Prophet MuhammadThe Teachings and Expansion of IslamSunni and Shi’a DivisionsLife in Muslim SpainMuslim-Christian RelationsCross-Cultural Influences in Science and MedicineEvaluating the Evidence 8.1: The Muslim Conquest of SpainFrankish Rulers and Their TerritoriesThe MerovingiansThe Rise of the CarolingiansThe Warrior-Ruler CharlemagneCarolingian Government and SocietyThe Imperial Coronation of CharlemagneEvaluating the Evidence 8.2: The Capitulary de VillisEarly Medieval CultureThe Carolingian RenaissanceNorthumbrian Learning and WritingEvaluating the Evidence 8.3: The Death of BeowulfInvasions and MigrationsVikings in Western EuropeSlavs and Vikings in Eastern EuropeMagyars and MuslimsPolitical and Economic DecentralizationDecentralization and the Origins of "Feudalism"Manorialism, Serfdom, and the Slave TradeReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadLiving in the Past: Muslim Technology: Advances in PapermakingIndividuals in Society: The Venerable BedeMapping the Past: Invasions and Migrations of the Ninth and Tenth CenturiesThinking Like a Historian: Vikings Tell Their Own StorySummative Quiz LaunchPad8.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 8 LaunchPadDocument 8-1: Ibn Abd-El-Hakem, The Conquest of Spain (ca. 870)Document 8-2: Willibald, Saint Boniface Destroys the Oak of Thor (ca. 750)Document 8-3: Charlemagne, Capitulary for Saxony (ca. 775–790)Document 8-4: Charlemagne, General Capitulary for the MissiDocument 8-5: The Song of Roland (ca. 1100–1300)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 89 State and Church in the High Middle Ages 1000–1300 Guided Reading ExerciseLaunchPadPolitical Revival and the Origins of the Modern StateEnglandFranceCentral EuropeItalyThe Iberian PeninsulaEvaluating the Evidence 9.1: Marriage and Wardship in the Norman ExchequerLaw and JusticeLocal Laws and Royal CourtsThe Magna CartaLaw in Everyday LifeNoblesOrigins and Status of the NobilityTraining, Marriage, and InheritancePower and ResponsibilityThe PapacyThe Gregorian ReformsEmperor Versus PopeCriticism and HeresyThe Popes and Church LawEvaluating the Evidence 9.2: Pope Boniface VIII, Unam SanctamMonks, Nuns, and FriarsMonastic RevivalLife in Convents and MonasteriesThe FriarsEvaluating the Evidence 9.3: Brother Henry as Composer and SingerThe Crusades and the Expansion of ChristianityBackground and Motives of the CrusadesThe Course of the CrusadesConsequences of the CrusadesThe Expansion of ChristianityChristendomReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadLiving in the Past: Life in an English CastleIndividuals in Society: Hildegard of BingenMapping the Past: The CrusadesThinking Like a Historian: Christian and Muslim Views of the CrusadesSummative Quiz LaunchPad9.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 9 LaunchPadDocument 9-1: Duke William of Aquitaine, On the Foundation of Cluny (909)Document 9-2: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: William the Conqueror and the Domesday Book (1086)Document 9-3: King John of England, From Magna Carta: The Great Charter of Liberties (1215)Document 9-4: Pope Gregory VII and Emperor Henry IV, Mutual Recriminations: The Investiture Controversy Begins (1076)Document 9-5: Robert the Monk of Rheims, Urban II at the Council of Clermont (ca. 1120)Document 9-6: Guibert of Nogent/Anna Comnena, Peter the Hermit and the "People’s Crusade" (ca. 1108–1148)Document 9-7: Anonymous of Mainz, The Slaughter of the Jews (ca. 1096)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 910 Life in Villages and Cities of the High Middle Ages 1000–1300Village LifeGuided Reading Exercise LaunchPadSlavery, Serfdom, and Upward MobilityThe ManorWorkHome LifeChildbirth and Child AbandonmentPopular ReligionChristian Life in Medieval VillagesSaints and SacramentsMuslims and JewsRituals of Marriage and BirthDeath and the AfterlifeEvaluating the Evidence 10.1: The Pilgrim’s Guide to Santiago de CompostelaTowns and Economic RevivalThe Rise of TownsMerchant and Craft GuildsThe Revival of Long-Distance TradeBusiness ProceduresThe Commercial RevolutionUrban LifeCity LifeServants and the PoorPopular EntertainmentMedieval UniversitiesOriginsLegal and Medical TrainingTheology and PhilosophyUniversity StudentsEvaluating the Evidence 10.2: Healthy LivingLiterature and ArchitectureVernacular Literature and DramaChurches and CathedralsEvaluating the Evidence 10.3: Courtly Love PoetryReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadThinking Like a Historian: Social and Economic Relations in Medieval English VillagesLiving in the Past: Child’s PlayMapping the Past: European Population Density, ca. 1300Individuals in Society: Francesco DatiniThe Past Living Now: University LifeSummative Quiz LaunchPad10.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 10 LaunchPadDocument 10-1: Manorial Records of Bernehorne (1307)Document 10-2: On Laborers: A Dialogue Between Teacher and Student (ca. 1000)Document 10-3: The Charter of the Laon Commune (ca. 1100–1120)Document 10-4: The Ordinances of London’s Leatherworkers (1346)Document 10-5: The Commune of Florence, A Sumptuary Law: Restrictions on Dress (1373)Document 10-6: Saint Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica: Proof of the Existence of God (1268)Document 10-7: Jacques de Vitry, The Virgin Mary Saves a Monk and His Lover (ca. 1200)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 1011 The Later Middle Ages 1300–1450Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadPrelude to DisasterClimate Change and FamineSocial ConsequencesThe Black DeathPathologySpread of the DiseaseCare of the SickEconomic, Religious, and Cultural EffectsEvaluating the Evidence 11.1: Dance of DeathThe Hundred Years’ WarCausesEnglish SuccessesJoan of Arc and France’s VictoryAftermathEvaluating the Evidence 11.2: The Trial of Joan of ArcChallenges to the ChurchThe Babylonian Captivity and Great SchismCritiques, Divisions, and CouncilsLay Piety and MysticismSocial Unrest in a Changing SocietyPeasant RevoltsUrban ConflictsSex in the CityFur-Collar CrimeEthnic Tensions and RestrictionsLiteracy and Vernacular LiteratureEvaluating the Evidence 11.3: Christine de Pizan, Advice to the Wives of ArtisansReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadMapping the Past: The Course of the Black Death in Fourteenth-Century EuropeLiving in the Past: Treating the PlagueIndividuals in Society: Meister EckhartThinking Like a Historian: Popular Revolts in the Late Middle AgesSummative Quiz LaunchPad11.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 11 LaunchPadDocument 11-1:Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron: The Plague Hits Florence (ca. 1350)Document 11-2: Angelo di Tura, Sienese Chronicle (1348–1351)Document 11-3: The Anonimalle Chronicle: The English Peasants’ Revolt (1381)Document 11-4: Petrarca-Meister, The Social Order (ca. 1515)Document 11-5: Catherine of Siena, Letter to Gregory XI (1372)Document 11-6: The Debate Over Joan of Arc’s Clothes (1429)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 1112 European Society in the Age of the Renaissance 1350–1550Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadWealth and Power in Renaissance ItalyTrade and ProsperityCommunes and Republics of Northern ItalyCity-States and the Balance of PowerEvaluating the Evidence 12.1: A Sermon of SavonarolaIntellectual ChangeHumanismEducationPolitical ThoughtChristian HumanismThe Printed WordEvaluating the Evidence 12.2: Thomas More, UtopiaArt and the ArtistPatronage and PowerChanging Artistic StyleThe Renaissance ArtistSocial HierarchiesRace and SlaveryWealth and the NobilityGender RolesPolitics and the State in Western EuropeFranceEnglandSpainEvaluating the Evidence 12.3: A Gold Coin of Ferdinand and IsabellaReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadThinking Like a Historian: Humanist LearningMapping the Past: The Growth of Printing in Europe, 1448–1552Individuals in Society: Leonardo da VinciLiving in the Past: Male Clothing and MasculinitySummative Quiz LaunchPad12.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 12 LaunchPadDocument 12-1:Petrarch, Letter to Livy (1350)Document 12-2: Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince (1513)Document 12-3:Baldassare Castiglione, The Book of the Courtier (1528)Document 12-4: Desiderius Erasmus, The Education of a Christian Prince (1404)Document 12-5: Christine de Pizan, The Book of the City of Ladies: Against Those Men Who Claim It Is Not Good for Women to Be Educated (1404)Document 12-6: Artemisia Gentileschi, Susannah and the Elders (1610)Document 12-7: Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith and Holofernes (1610)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 1213 Reformations and Religious Wars 1500–1600Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadThe Early ReformationThe Christian Church in the Early Sixteenth CenturyMartin LutherProtestant ThoughtThe Appeal of Protestant IdeasThe Radical Reformation and the German Peasants’ WarMarriage, Sexuality, and the Role of WomenEvaluating the Evidence 13.1: Martin Luther, On Christian LibertyEvaluating the Evidence 13.2: Domestic SceneThe Reformation and German PoliticsThe Rise of the Habsburg DynastyReligious Wars in Switzerland and GermanyThe Spread of Protestant IdeasScandinaviaHenry VIII and the Reformation in EnglandUpholding Protestantism in EnglandCalvinismThe Reformation in Eastern EuropeEvaluating the Evidence 13.3: Elizabethan Injunctions About ReligionThe Catholic ReformationPapal Reform and the Council of TrentNew and Reformed Religious OrdersReligious ViolenceFrench Religious WarsThe Netherlands Under Charles VThe Great European Witch-HuntReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadLiving in the Past: Uses of Art in the ReformationIndividuals in Society: Anna Jansz of RotterdamThinking Like a Historian: Social Discipline in the ReformationMapping the Past: Religious Divisions in Europe, ca. 1555Summative Quiz LaunchPad13.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 13 LaunchPadDocument 13-1:Martin Luther, Ninety-five Theses on the Power of Indulgences (1517)Document 13-2: Hans Holbein the Younger, Luther as the German Hercules (ca. 1519)Document 13-3:Jean Bodin, On the Demon-Mania of Witches (1580)Document 13-4: Elizabeth Fox Confesses to Witchcraft (1566)Document 13-5: John Calvin, The Institutes of Christian Religion (1559)Document 13-6: Ignatius of Loyola, Rules for Right Thinking (1548)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 1314 European Exploration and Conquest 1450–1650Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadWorld Contacts Before ColumbusThe Trade World of the Indian OceanThe Trading States of AfricaThe Ottoman and Persian EmpiresGenoese and Venetian MiddlemenThe European Voyages of DiscoveryCauses of European ExpansionTechnology and the Rise of ExplorationThe Portuguese Overseas EmpireSpain’s Voyages to the AmericasSpain "Discovers" the PacificEarly Exploration by Northern European PowersEvaluating the Evidence 14.1: Columbus Describes His First VoyageConquest and SettlementSpanish Conquest of the Aztec and Inca EmpiresPortuguese BrazilColonial Empires of England and FranceColonial AdministrationThe Era of Global ContactIndigenous Population Loss and Economic ExploitationLife in the ColoniesThe Columbian ExchangeSugar and SlaverySpanish Silver and Its Economic EffectsThe Birth of the Global EconomyEvaluating the Evidence 14.2: Interpreting the Spread of Disease Among NativesChanging Attitudes and BeliefsReligious ConversionEuropean Debates About Indigenous PeoplesNew Ideas About RaceMichel de Montaigne and Cultural CuriosityWilliam Shakespeare and His InfluenceEvaluating the Evidence 14.3: Tenochtitlan Leaders Respond to Spanish MissionariesReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadMapping the Past: Overseas Exploration and Conquest in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth CenturiesThinking Like a Historian: Who Was Doña MarinaLiving in the Past: Foods of the Columbian ExchangeIndividuals in Society: Juan de ParejaSummative Quiz LaunchPad14.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 14 LaunchPadDocument 14-1:Christopher Columbus, Diario (1492)Document 14-2: Hernando Cortés, Two Letters to Charles V: On the Conquest of the Aztecs (1521)Document 14-3:Alvise da Ca' da Mosto, Description of Capo Bianco and the Islands Nearest to It: Fifteenth-Century Slave Trade in West Africa (1455–1456)Document 14-4: King Nzinga Mbemba Affonso of Congo, Letters on the Slave Trade (1526)Document 14-5: Saint Francis Xavier, Missionaries in Japan (1552)Document 14-6: Michel de Montaigne, Of Cannibals (1580)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 1415 Absolutism and Constitutionalism ca. 1589–1725Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadSeventeenth-Century Crisis and RebuildingThe Social Order and Peasant LifeFamine and Economic CrisisThe Thirty Years’ WarAchievements in State-BuildingWarfare and the Growth of Army SizePopular Political ActionAbsolutism in France and SpainThe Foundations of French AbsolutismLouis XIV and AbsolutismLife at VersaillesThe French Economic Policy of MercantilismLouis XIV’s WarsThe Decline of Absolutist Spain in the Seventeenth CenturyEvaluating the Evidence 15.1: Letter from VersaillesAbsolutism in Austria and PrussiaThe Return of Serfdom in the EastThe Austrian HabsburgsPrussia in the Seventeenth CenturyThe Consolidation of Prussian AbsolutismThe Development of Russia and the Ottoman EmpireMongol Rule in Russia and the Rise of MoscowBuilding the Russian EmpireThe Reforms of Peter the GreatThe Ottoman EmpireEvaluating the Evidence 15.2: Peter the Great and Foreign ExpertsConstitutional Rule in England and the Dutch RepublicReligious Divides and Civil WarThe Puritan ProtectorateThe Restoration of the English MonarchyConstitutional MonarchyThe Dutch Republic in the Seventeenth CenturyBaroque Art and MusicEvaluating the Evidence 15.3: John Locke, Two Treatises of GovernmentReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadThinking Like a Historian: What Was Absolutism?Mapping the Past: Europe After the Peace of Utrecht, 1715Living in the Past: The Absolutist PalaceIndividuals in Society: HürremSummative Quiz LaunchPad15.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 15 LaunchPadDocument 15-1:Henry IV, Edict of Nantes (1598)Document 15-2: Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, Politics Drawn from the Very Words of Holy Scripture (1679)Document 15-3: The Bill of Rights (1689)Document 15-4: Peter the Great, Edicts and Decrees (1699–1723)Document 15-5: Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan (1651)Document 15-6: John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government: Vindication for the Glorious Revolution (1690)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 1516 Toward a New Worldview 1540–1789Guided Reading Exercise LaunchPadThe Scientific RevolutionWhy Europe?Scientific Thought to 1500The Copernican HypothesisBrahe, Kepler, and Galileo: Proving Copernicus RightNewton’s SynthesisNatural History and EmpireMagic and AlchemyEvaluating the Evidence 16.1: Galileo Galilei, The Sidereal MessengerImportant Changes in Scientific Thinking and PracticeThe Methods of Science: Bacon and DescartesMedicine, the Body, and ChemistryScience and ReligionScience and SocietyEvaluating the Evidence 16.2: "An Account of a Particular Species of Cocoon"The Rise and Spread of Enlightenment Thought The Early EnlightenmentThe Influence of the PhilosophesEnlightenment Movements Across EuropeThe Social Life of the EnlightenmentGlobal ContactsEnlightenment Debates About RaceWomen and the EnlightenmentUrban Culture and Life in the Public SphereEvaluating the Evidence 16.3: Denis Diderot, "Supplement to Bougainville’s Voyage"Enlightened AbsolutismFrederick the Great of PrussiaCatherine the Great of RussiaThe Austrian HabsburgsJewish Life and the Limits of Enlightened AbsolutismReview & ExploreLearningCurveLaunchPadThinking Like a Historian: The Enlightenment Debate on Religious ToleranceLiving in the Past: Coffeehouse CultureMapping the Past: The Partition of Poland, 1772–1795Individuals in Society: Moses Mendelssohn and the Jewish EnlightenmentSummative Quiz LaunchPad16.Documents from Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 16 LaunchPadDocument 16-1:Nicolaus Copernicus, On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1542)Document 16-2: Francis Bacon, On Superstition and the Virtue of Science (1620)Document 16-3: Frederick the Great, Essay on the Forms of Government (ca. 1740)Document 16-4: Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, From The Spirit of Laws: On the Separation of Governmental Powers (1748)Document 16-5: Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract: On Popular Sovereignty and the General Will (1762)Document 16-6: Voltaire, A Treatise on Toleration (1763)Quiz for Sources for A History of Western Society, Chapter 16