[Footnote 7: These and other details which follow are taken from Dutch
official papers, giving a succinct account of the treatment of the
natives between 1649 and 1809. These papers were translated from the
Dutch by Lieut. Moodie (1838). See Moodie's "_Record_."]

[Footnote 8: Thunberg. "Travels in Europe, Africa, and Asia, between
1770 and 1779."]

DR. LIVINGSTONE'S EXPERIENCES IN THE TRANSVAAL AND IN SURROUNDING
NATIVE DISTRICTS. LETTER OF DR. MOFFAT IN 1877. LETTER OF HIS SON,
REV. J. MOFFAT, 1899. REPORT OF M. DIETERLEN TO THE COMMITTEE OF
THE MISSIONS' EVANGÉLIQUES OF PARIS.

The following is an extract from the "Missionary Travels and Researches
in South Africa," of the venerable pioneer, David Livingstone.[12]

"An adverse influence with which the mission had to contend was the
vicinity of the Boers of the Cashan Mountains,[13] otherwise named
'Magaliesberg.' These are not to be confounded with the Cape Colonists,
who sometimes pass by the name. The word 'Boer,' simply means 'farmer,'
and is not synonymous with our word boor. Indeed, to the Boers generally
the latter term would be quite inappropriate, for they are a sober,
industrious, and most hospitable body of peasantry. Those, however, who
have fled from English Law on various pretexts, and have been joined by
English deserters, and every other variety of bad character in their
distant localities, are unfortunately of a very different stamp. The
great objection many of the Boers had, and still have, to English law,
is that it makes no distinction between black men and white. They felt
aggrieved by their supposed losses in the emancipation of their
Hottentot slaves, and determined to erect themselves into a republic, in
which they might pursue, without molestation, the 'proper treatment' of
the blacks. It is almost needless to add, that the 'proper treatment'
has always contained in it the essential element of slavery, namely,
compulsory unpaid labour.

"One section of this body, under the late Mr. Hendrick Potgeiter,
penetrated the interior as far as the Cashan Mountains, whence a Zulu
chief, named Mosilikátze, had been expelled by the well known Kaffir
Dingaan, and a glad welcome was given these Boers by the Bechuana
tribes, who had just escaped the hard sway of that cruel chieftain. They
came with the prestige of white men and deliverers; but the Bechuanas
soon found, as they expressed it, 'that Mosilikátze was cruel to his
enemies, and kind to those he conquered; but that the Boers destroyed
their enemies, and made slaves of their friends." The tribes who still
retain the semblance of independence are forced to perform all the
labour of the fields, such as manuring the land, weeding, reaping,
building, making dams and canals, and at the same time to support
themselves. I have myself been an eye-witness of Boers coming to a
village, and according to their usual custom, demanding twenty or thirty
women to weed their gardens, and have seen these women proceed to the
scene of unrequited toil, carrying their own food on their heads, their
children on their backs, and instruments of labour on their shoulders.
Nor have the Boers any wish to conceal the meanness of thus employing
unpaid labour; on the contrary, every one of them, from Mr. Potgeiter
and Mr. Gert Kruger, the commandants, downwards, lauded his own humanity
and justice in making such an equitable regulation. 'We make the people
work for us, in consideration of allowing them to live in our country.'