Muscle DNA Damage Initiates Physical Aging - Science Daily, 4/12/05 -
"Mitochondrial DNA is critical for the production of
a form of chemical energy known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is
needed by all cells for all bodily functions. When ATP is reduced, so is
muscle endurance -- and thus begins the slide toward age-related muscle
weakness, loss of muscle mass and onset of many diseases of old age"

Muscle DNA Damage Initiates Physical Aging - Science Daily, 4/12/05 -
"Mitochondrial DNA is critical for the production of
a form of chemical energy known as ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is
needed by all cells for all bodily functions. When ATP is reduced, so is
muscle endurance -- and thus begins the slide toward age-related muscle
weakness, loss of muscle mass and onset of many diseases of old age"

Ribose Recovery - Nutrition Science News, 3/01 - "ribose,
is the sugar that begins the metabolic process for ATP production. ATP is a
nucleotide made of adenosine coupled to three phosphate molecules. Adenosine
is made up of adenine and ribose ... On average, increased power output was
9 to 9.9 percent higher with ribose administration ...By the end of four
weeks, the ribose group experienced a significant increase (+29.8 percent
ribose vs. +7.4 percent placebo) in the number of total repetitions
performed for the 10 sets to muscular failure ... ribose must be used during
and immediately after exercise. Ingesting it more than one-half to one hour
from the time of exercise is expected to have little effect. Manufacturers
and scientific consensus indicate using 3­5 g at the start of exercise and
3­5 g right after exercise. During long-term, high-intensity exercise, such
as competitive sports and those activities indicated in the previous
studies, 3­5 g can be taken every hour with a sports drink ... the exercise
needs to be intense and long—as befitting multiple reps—and have anaerobic
bouts in order to expect ribose to have a significant effect. If a person is
doing exercise that is at a training rather than intense level, one would
not expect them to see a benefit"