S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, in full Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike
(born Jan. 8, 1899, Colombo, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]—died Sept. 26, 1959, Colombo), statesman and prime minister of Ceylon (1956–59), whose election marked a significant change in the political history of modern Ceylon.

Educated at the University of Oxford, he was called to the bar in 1925. After returning to Ceylon, he entered politics and, in 1931, was elected to the newly formed legislative assembly, the State Council. In 1947, as a prominent member of the governing United National Party (UNP), he was elected to the new House of Representatives and appointed minister of health and local government. He resigned from the government and the Western-oriented UNP in 1951 and was re-elected in 1952 as the founder of the nationalist Sri Lanka (Blessed Ceylon) Freedom Party, becoming leader of the opposition in the legislature. Four years later he formed the Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (MEP; People’s United Front), a political alliance of four nationalist-socialist parties, which swept the election; he became prime minister on April 12, 1956.

The MEP advocated a neutralist foreign policy and strong nationalist policies at home. Sinhalese, the language spoken by the majority community, replaced English as the official language of the country, and Buddhism, the majority religion, was given a prominent place in the affairs of state. By amicable agreement the British relinquished their military bases on the island, and Ceylon established diplomatic relations with communist states.

A disgruntled Buddhist monk, Talduwe Somarama, shot Bandaranaike on Sept. 25, 1959, and he died the following day. After the 1960 elections, his widow, Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike, became prime minister.

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