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(1900–73).
German director Robert Siodmak was known for his bleak film noirs. His notable works included Phantom Lady (1944), The Killers (1946), and Criss Cross (1949).

Siodmak was born on August 8, 1900, in Dresden, Germany. He worked as a film editor before codirecting his first feature, a pseudodocumentary titled Menschen am Sonntag (People on Sunday), in 1930; writers of the film included his brother Curt, who penned several of his later movies, and Billy Wilder. Siodmak made a number of films at German motion-picture production company UFA, but with the rise of the Nazi movement, he fled Germany in 1933 and settled in Paris, France, where he continued to direct. In 1940, however, when France was about to become occupied, Siodmak departed for the United States.

Siodmak’s
early Hollywood projects were B-films in a variety of genres. For example, he directed the drama West Point Widow in 1941 and then the spy thriller Fly by Night and the romantic comedies The Night Before the Divorce and My Heart Belongs to Daddy in 1942. The next year Siodmak directed the stylish horror film Son of Dracula, which starred Lon Chaney, Jr.

Siodmak’s first major triumph came in 1944 with the film noir Phantom Lady, starring Alan Curtis as a man accused of killing his wife. That same year he directed Cobra Woman, featuring Maria Montez as good and evil twins, and the film noir Christmas Holiday. The latter was notable for its unusual casting; Gene Kelly and Deanna Durbin, both known for lighthearted musicals, played a wealthy psychopath and his wife. Siodmak had more success with The Suspect (1944), a thriller set in the early 1900s in London, England. Charles Laughton starred as an unhappily married man who falls in love with a stenographer and later kills his demanding wife. The Strange Affair of Uncle Harry (1945) was a psychological thriller with George Sanders as a designer whose relationship with a young woman is threatened by his possessive sister.

In the mid-1940s Siodmak made a trio of films widely regarded as classics. The Gothic thriller The Spiral Staircase (1945) starred Dorothy McGuire as a woman hunted by a serial killer. The Killers (1946) took the original Ernest Hemingway short story as its opening point and developed it in an elaborate series of flashbacks. That film noir earned Siodmak his only Academy Award nomination for best direction, and it helped launch the careers of Burt Lancaster and Ava Gardner. Also a classic was Siodmak’s The Dark Mirror (1946), which offered Olivia de Havilland as twin sisters, one of whom is a murderer.

After
the little-seen period drama Time out of Mind (1947), Siodmak returned to film noirs with Cry of the City (1948), which featured notable performances by Victor Mature and Richard Conte as childhood pals who grow up on opposite sides of the law. In 1949 Siodmak directed Criss Cross, starring Lancaster as a bitter armored-car driver whose attempts to reunite with his ex-wife (Yvonne De Carlo)—who is now married to a gangster (Dan Duryea)—result in his becoming involved in a bank robbery. That same year Siodmak helmed the drama The Great Sinner, which was loosely based on Fyodor Dostoyevsky’s The Gambler. It starred Gregory Peck as a Russian writer who becomes a compulsive gambler.

In 1950 Siodmak directed the film-noirish movie The File on Thelma Jordan, with Barbara Stanwyck as a murder suspect, and the crime yarn Deported, which was inspired in part by gangster Lucky Luciano’s deportation to Italy in 1946. Siodmak then helmed The Whistle at Eaton Falls (1951), a drama about factory layoffs in New Hampshire, filmed in semidocumentary fashion. Siodmak’s next movie was The Crimson Pirate (1952), a spoof of swashbucklers that owed much of its popularity to Lancaster’s charismatic athletic performance. Despite its success, The Crimson Pirate was essentially Siodmak’s farewell to Hollywood.

In 1953 Siodmak moved to Europe, and although he continued to direct, none of his subsequent films matched the success of his earlier work. Over the next 16 years, he made dozens of movies, though just three were in English. Portrait of a Sinner (1959; also known as The Rough and the Smooth) was a tale of a seductress, and Escape from East Berlin (1962) was the fact-based Cold War saga of an East German who tunnels under the Berlin Wall to help his family and girlfriend escape to the West. Custer of the West (1968), a portrait of the legendary U.S. cavalry officer (played by Robert Shaw), was the only western that Siodmak made. After directing the adventure drama Kampf un Rom II–Der Verrat (Fight for Rome II) in 1969, Siodmak retired from directing. He died on March 10, 1973, in Locarno, Switzerland.

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