Important Terms, Events and People

Important Terms, Events and People

Important Terms, Events and People

Important Terms, Events and People

Terms

Galena -
· The Illinois town where Grant worked from 1859–1861,
the closest thing he ever had to a 'hometown.'

Georgetown -
· The Ohio town where Grant grew up and his family owned
a tannery.

Hardscrabble -
· The home that Grant built on his father-in-law's land
in Missouri after resigning from the Army in 1854. He unsuccessfully
tried to farm the land and eventually hard to sell firewood.

Thirteenth Amendment -
· This Constitutional amendment abolished slavery in
all of the United States.

Fourteenth Amendment -
· This Constitutional amendment granted the rights of
due process and equal protection to all United States citizens.

Fifteenth Amendment -
· This Constitutional amendment gave every American citizen
the right to vote regardless of "race, color, or previous condition
of servitude."

Reconstruction -
· The period under Presidents Andrew Johnson and Grant
where the South was readmitted to the Union.

People

Simon B. Buckner -
The commander of Fort Donelson and a former West
Point friend of Grant.

James Buchanan -
President
of the United States from 1857–1861. His weak leadership only delayed
the Civil War and under him South Carolina seceded.

Jim Fisk
and Jay Gould -
Two New York financiers
who tried, with Grant's unknowing assistance, to corner the market
on gold in 1869. They succeeded for a while but Grant caught on
and ordered the Treasury to release enough gold to break the market,
causing Black Friday, when small investors suffered from the drop
in gold prices.

Jesse
R. Grant -
Grant's father, owned a
tannery and supported his son's ambitions. He did not believe Grant
could be a businessman and urged him to stay in the military.

Julia Dent Grant -
Grant's wife and the daughter of a wealthy Missouri
slaveholder. Julia's brother was Grant's roommate at West Point.

Horace Greeley -
A
fiery New York abolitionist who ran unsuccessfully against Grant
for President in 1872.

Henry W. Halleck -
The commanding Union general of the western theater
and Grant's superior for the beginning of the war.

Rutherford B. Hayes -
Reform-minded Republican president who succeeded
Grant in 1877. Won the office after a disputed election where he
beat Samuel Tilden in the electoral college by a single vote and
lost the popular vote.

Andrew Johnson -
Vice
president of the U.S. for Lincoln's second term, who ascended to
the office upon Lincoln's assassination. Grant was always wary of
the former wartime governor of Tennessee, although Johnson did ask
Grant to fill in as interim Secretary of War. Johnson was saved
from impeachment by the House by a single vote.

Robert E. Lee -
The
West Point-educated Confederate commander, son of an aristocratic
Virginia family. Eventually surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia
to Grant at Appomattox.

Abraham Lincoln -
The Republican president throughout the Civil War.
His election prompted the southern states to secede over his abolitionist
sentiments.

James Longstreet -
One of Grant's closest friends, attended Grant's wedding,
served with him in Mexico, eventually rose to be second-in-command
of the Confederate Army.

George B. McClellan -
Repeated timid commander of the Union Army and Democratic
candidate for president against Lincoln in 1864.

George Meade -
The
commander at Gettysburg. Meade remained as commander of the Army
of the Potomac under Grant for the duration of the war.

Winfield Scott -
Much
revered commander of the U.S. Army at the outbreak of the Civil
War, but considered too old to retain the post. Grant served under
him in the Mexican War. Grant used Scott's tactics during his Vicksburg campaign.

Philip Sheridan -
The major cavalry leader of the Union Army.

William T. Sherman -
General under Grant in the western theater, eventually
became one of his closest friends in the Army. Sherman led the now
infamous "March to the Sea" across Georgia in 1864.

Hannah Simpson -
Grant's
mother.

Zachary Taylor -
Taylor
became president of the U.S. based on his fame in the Mexican War.
He was Grant's first commander, and under Taylor's command Grant fought
in his first battle.

Events

Appomattox -
The scene of the surrender of Robert E. Lee's Army of
Northern Virginia to Grant's Army of the Potomac–for all intents
and purposes the end of the Civil War.

Black Friday -
The day Grant finally broke the corner on the gold market
by James Fisk and Jay Gould. Many smaller investors were hurt by the
sudden drop in gold prices as Grant ordered the treasury to dump
millions of dollars of gold on the market.

Cold Harbor -
One of two battles Grant ever regretted. He lost six
thousand men in an hour during assaults on the Confederate Army
in May 1864.

Fort Donelson
and Fort Henry -
Two forts Grant captured during a campaign through Tennessee in
1862. Simon B. Buckner surrendered an army of about 12,000 men to
Grant. Grant declared he would only accept "unconditional surrender,"
helping to earn U.S. Grant the nickname "Unconditional Surrender
Grant."

Fort Sumter -
The site of the first battle of the Civil War, when Confederate batteries
opened fire on the federally-occupied fort in Charlestown harbor.

Gettysburg -
A critical three-day battle in southern Pennsylvania,
often called the "High Tide of the Confederacy." George Meade defeated
an invading Confederate Army in the last time the Confederates were
able to mount an invasion of the North.

Petersburg -
The site of a nearly year-long siege to the end the Civil
War. When the Confederates evacuated on April two, 1865, the Confederacy lasted
only about two weeks.

Richmond -
The Confederate capital. Retaken by Federal troops soon
after Petersburg fell. Confederate troops burned the city as they
left.

Shiloh -
A bloody battle in 1862 where Confederate troops surprised Grant's
army at breakfast.

Spotsylvania Court House -
The second battle in a nine-day string of battles that
broke the back of the Confederate Army. During the first two weeks
in May 1864, Grant's armies hammered away at the Confederates in The
Wilderness, Spotsylvania and Cold Harbor.

The Wilderness -
The name given an area where a multi-day battle was fought
in the beginning of May 1864. The Confederates surprised Grant's massive
Union army in thick underbrush, and hand-to-hand combat claimed
thousands. However, brush fires lit by explosions killed a nd injured
as many men as the bullets did.

Vicksburg -
A small Mississippi town on a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River
and the site of a long siege by the western armies under Grant's
command in 1863. The fall of Vicksburg on July 4, 1863, reopened
the River to Union naval forces for its entire length , splitting
the Confederacy in two. Grant, of course, asked for and got "unconditional
surrender."

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