1.
Legislative Assembly of Ontario
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The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is one of two components of the Legislature of Ontario, the other being the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. The Legislative Assembly is the second largest Canadian provincial deliberative assembly by number of members after the National Assembly of Quebec, the Assembly meets at the Ontario Legislative Building at Queens Park in the provincial capital of Toronto. The premier is Ontarios head of government, while the Lieutenant Governor, as representative of the Queen, the largest party not forming the government is known as the Official Opposition, its leader being recognized as Leader of the Opposition by the Speaker. The Ontario Legislature is sometimes referred to as the Ontario Provincial Parliament, Members of the assembly refer to themselves as Members of the Provincial Parliament as opposed to Members of the Legislative Assembly as in many other provinces. Ontario is the province to do so, in accordance with a resolution passed in the Assembly on April 7,1938. However, the Legislative Assembly Act refers only to members of the Assembly, the current assembly was elected on June 12,2014 as part of the 41st Parliament of Ontario. The first session of the 41st Parliament opened on July 2,2014, on Friday May 2,2014, the 40th Parliament of Ontario was dissolved by Lieutenant Governor David C. Onley on the advice of Premier Kathleen Wynne after the NDP, the election was held on June 12,2014, as a result of which Kathleen Wynnes Liberal Party formed a majority government. Queens Park is a metonym for the Legislative Assembly, in accordance with the traditions of the Westminster System, most laws originate with the cabinet, and are passed by the legislature after stages of debate and decision-making. Ordinary Members of the Legislature may introduce privately, play an role in scrutinizing bills in debate and committee. Members are expected to be loyal to both their parliamentary party and to the interests of their constituents, in the Ontario legislature this confrontation provides much of the material for Oral Questions and Members Statements. Legislative scrutiny of the executive is also at the heart of much of the carried out by the Legislatures Standing Committees. Finally, it is the task of the legislature to provide the personnel of the executive, as already noted, under responsible government, ministers of the Crown are expected to be Members of the Assembly. The Legislative Assembly of Ontario is the first and the legislature in Canada to have a Coat of Arms separate from the provincial coat of arms. Green and gold are the colours in the shield of arms of the province. The Mace is the symbol of the authority of the Speaker. Shown on the left is the current Mace, on the right is the original Mace from the time of the first parliament in 1792. The crossed Maces are joined by the shield of arms of Ontario, the crown on the wreath represents national and provincial loyalties, its rim is studded with the provincial gemstone, the amethyst

2.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions

3.
Canada
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Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day

4.
Canadian Confederation
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Canadian Confederation was the process by which the British colonies of Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick were united into one Dominion of Canada on July 1,1867. Upon confederation, the old province of Canada was divided into Ontario and Quebec, along with Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, over the years since Confederation, Canada has seen numerous territorial changes and expansions, resulting in the current configuration of ten provinces and three territories. Canada is a federation and not an association of sovereign states. It is nevertheless considered to be among the worlds more decentralized federations. To contemporaries of Confederation the con- prefix indicated a strengthening of the centrist principle compared to the American federation, the term is now often used to describe Canada in an abstract way, such as in the Fathers of Confederation. Provinces and territories became part of Canada after 1867 are also said to have joined, or entered into. The term is used to divide Canadian history into pre-Confederation and post-Confederation periods. All the former colonies and territories that became involved in the Canadian Confederation on July 1,1867, were part of New France. Nova Scotia was granted in 1621 to Sir William Alexander under charter by James VI, the British acquired present-day mainland Nova Scotia by the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 and the Acadian population was expelled by the British in 1755. They called Acadia Nova Scotia, which included present-day New Brunswick, the rest of New France was acquired by the British by the Treaty of Paris, which ended the Seven Years War. From 1763 to 1791, most of New France became the Province of Quebec, however, in 1769 the present-day Prince Edward Island, which had been part of Acadia, was renamed St Johns Island and organized as a separate colony. It was renamed Prince Edward Island in 1798 in honour of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, the first English attempt at settlement had been in Newfoundland, which would not join the Confederation until 1949. The Society of Merchant Venturers of Bristol began to settle Newfoundland and Labrador at Cupers Cove as far back as 1610, in the wake of the American Revolution, an estimated 50,000 United Empire Loyalists fled to British North America. The British created the colony of New Brunswick in 1784 for the Loyalists who settled in the western part of Nova Scotia. The War of 1812 and Treaty of 1818 established the 49th parallel as the border with the United States from the Great Lakes to the Rocky Mountains in Western Canada. As a result of Durhams report, the British Parliament passed the Act of Union 1840, the new province was divided into two parts, Canada West and Canada East. Governor General Lord Elgin granted ministerial responsibility in 1848, first to Nova Scotia, in the following years, the British would extend responsible government to Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, and Newfoundland. The area which constitutes modern-day British Columbia is the remnants of the Hudsons Bay Companys Columbia District and New Caledonia District following the Oregon Treaty

5.
Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario
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The Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario, often shortened to Ontario PC Party or PC, is a right-of-centre political party in Ontario, Canada. It governed the province for 80 of the 149 years since Confederation and it is the Official Opposition in the current Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The first Conservative Party in Upper Canada was made up of United Empire Loyalists, once responsible government was granted in response to the 1837 Rebellions, the Tories emerged as moderate reformers who opposed the radical policies of the Reformers and then the Clear Grits. The modern Conservative Party originated in the Liberal-Conservative coalition founded by Sir John A. Macdonald and it is a variant of this coalition that formed the first government in Ontario with John Sandfield Macdonald as Premier. Sandfield Macdonald was actually a Liberal and sat concurrently as a Liberal Party of Canada MP in the Canadian House of Commons, after losing power in 1871, this Conservative coalition began to dissolve. The party became opposed to funding for schools, opposed to language rights for French-Canadians. Paradoxically, an element of the party gained a reputation for being pro-labour as a result of links between the Orange Order and the labour movement. After 33 years in Opposition, the Tories returned to power under James P. Whitney, the Whitney government initiated massive public works projects such as the creation of Ontario Hydro. It also enacted legislation against the French-Canadian population in Ontario. The Tories were in power for all but five years from 1905 to 1934, after the death of Whitney in 1914, however, they lacked vision and became complacent. The Tories lost power to the United Farmers of Ontario in the 1919 election but were able to regain office in 1923 election due to the UFOs disintegration and they were defeated by Mitch Hepburns Liberals in 1934 due to their inability to cope with the Great Depression. Late in the 1930s and early in the 1940s, the Conservatives re-organized and developed new policies, the Conservatives took advantage of Liberal infighting to win a minority government in the 1943 provincial election, reducing the Liberals to third-party status. Drew called another election in 1945, only two years into his mandate, to get a majority government, the party would dominate Ontario politics for the next four decades. In 1961, John Robarts became the 17th premier of Ontario and he was one of the most popular premiers in years. Under Robarts lead, the party epitomized power and he hosted the 1967 Confederation of Tomorrow conference in Toronto in an unsuccessful attempt to achieve an agreement for a new Constitution of Canada. Robarts opposed Canadian medicare when it was proposed, but later endorsed it fully, and he led the party towards a civil libertarian movement. As a strong believer in the promotion of official languages, he opened the door to French education in Ontario schools. In 1971, Bill Davis became party leader and the 18th premier, anti-Catholicism became an issue again in the 1971 election, when the Tories campaigned strenuously against a Liberal proposal to extend funding for Catholic separate schools until Grade 13

6.
Ontario general election, 1971
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The Ontario general election of 1971 was held on October 21,1971, to elect the 117 members of the 29th Legislative Assembly of Ontario of the Province of Ontario, Canada. The Ontario Liberal Party, led by Robert Nixon, lost seven seats, the social democratic Ontario New Democratic Party, led by Stephen Lewis, lost one seat. This election marked the first time that the election was held on a Thursday. Subsequently, every election has also been held on a Thursday, with the exception of the 2007 Ontario general election. 1 Includes T. Patrick Reid of Rainy River who was elected in 1967 as Liberal-Labour but was re-elected in 1971 as a Liberal, politics of Ontario List of Ontario political parties Premier of Ontario Leader of the Opposition

7.
United Farmers of Ontario
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The United Farmers of Ontario was a political party in Ontario, Canada. It was the Ontario provincial branch of the United Farmers movement of the part of the 20th century. The UFO was founded in 1914 by the union of various organizations that had been created over the previous fifteen years. James J. Morrison was the figure in the party. The organization grew rapidly and by 1917 it had 350 local clubs and 12,000 members, the UFO had a comprehensive farmers platform that called for the nationalization of railways, progressive taxation, and legislation that would facilitate the operation of co-operatives. In 1917, supporters of the UFO formed the Farmers Publishing Company, the UFO entered politics by contesting and winning a by-election in Manitoulin in 1918, in which Beniah Bowman was elected as the partys first Member of the Legislative Assembly. In the 1919 provincial election, with over 50,000 members and it co-operated with the Independent Labour Party with the two organizations not running candidates against each other - the UFO contested rural ridings and the ILP stood candidates in urban areas. In total there were 64 UFO candidates,20 ILP candidates and 10 Farmer-Labour candidates in the 1919 provincial election, the UFO also favoured prohibition and budgetary restraint, two platform planks that were at odds with the views of urban Labour supporters. To the shock of everyone, including itself, it won 45 seats, furthermore, he viewed the Independent Labour Party as inimical to farmers interests and opposed a coalition with them to form a majority government. Morrison was offered the position of UFO caucus leader and Premier of Ontario following the election but declined as did Sir Adam Beck, the position instead went Ernest C. Despite Morrisons objections, the UFO joined with 10 Independent Labour Party MLAs and one Independent to form a government, with Drury as Premier. Morrison remained outside of the legislature and government as the secretary of the UFO. The government was also an enforcer of temperance measures. Drury also arranged for a grant for unknown researchers Frederick Banting, the UFO grew quickly to 1,500 clubs and 60,000 members by 1920. The UFO government clashed with the UFO organization which eventually withdrew its support from the government, the partys base of farmer supporters began to turn away from the party, causing the Drury government to lose the election of 1923. Seventeen United Farmer and four Labour members returned to the Legislature, though the United Farmers of Ontario remained the second largest party in the legislature, they were denied Official Opposition status by Conservative premier Howard Ferguson. The position was given to the Liberals with W. E. N. Sinclair as Leader of the Opposition, despite the party having three fewer seats than the UFO, Morrison had announced that the UFO would be withdrawing from politics, which Ferguson had used as justification for the move

8.
Ontario Liberal Party
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The Ontario Liberal Party is a provincial political party in the province of Ontario, Canada. It has formed the Government of Ontario since the election of 2003. The party is aligned with the Liberal Party of Canada. The party is led by Kathleen Wynne, who was sworn in as Premier of Ontario on February 11,2013 after winning the Ontario Liberal leadership election on January 26,2013. The modern Liberals were founded by George Brown, who sought to rebuild the Reform Party after its collapse in 1854, the party adopted a position in favour of uniting Upper and Lower Canada into the United Province of Canada, a concept that eventually led to Canadian confederation. After 1867, Edward Blake became leader of the Ontario Liberal Party, the party sat in opposition to the Conservative government led by John Sandfield Macdonald. Blakes Liberals defeated the Tories in 1871, but Blake left Queens Park for Ottawa the next year, Mowat served as Premier of Ontario until 1896. The Liberals were defeated in 1905 after over thirty years in power, the party had grown tired and arrogant in government and became increasingly cautious. As well, a growing anti-Catholic sectarian sentiment hurt the Liberals, the party was so disorganized that it was led for seven years by an interim leader, W. E. N. Sinclair, as there was not enough money or a sufficient level of organization, by 1930, the Liberals were reduced to a small, rural and prohibitionist rump with a base in south western Ontario. After a series of leaders, the Liberals turned to Mitchell Hepburn. Hepburn was able to build a coalition with Liberal-Progressives and attract reformers. The Liberal-Progressives had previously supported the UFO and the Progressive Party of Canada, a wet, Hepburn was able to end the divisions in the party around the issue of temperance which had reduced it to a narrow sect. The revitalized party was able to win votes from farmers, particularly in southwestern Ontario, urban Ontario, Catholics. It also had the advantage of not being in power at the onset of the Great Depression, with the economy in crisis, Ontarians looked for a new government, and Hepburns populism was able to excite the province. In government, Hepburns Liberals warred with organized labour led by the Congress of Industrial Organizations, later, he battled with the federal Liberal Party of Canada government of William Lyon Mackenzie King, which, Hepburn argued, was insufficiently supportive of the war effort. The battle between Hepburn and King split the Ontario Liberal Party and led to Hepburns ouster as leader and it also contributed to the partys defeat in the 1943 election, which was followed by the partys long stint in opposition. The Liberals declined to a wing, rural rump

9.
United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry
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However, both Cornwall and Akwesasne form part of a larger census division named for the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. The municipalitys administrative office is located within Cornwall, the united counties border Quebec to the east and New York in the United States to the south. The sovereign Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne straddles both borders, thus including territory partly within the counties, Quebec and New York. The area along the Saint Lawrence River had been settled by indigenous peoples for thousands of years, about 2,000 years ago, the Point Peninsula Complex people built earthen mounds, such as those at Serpent Mounds Park and Camerons Point. They were gradually replaced about 1000–1300 CE by the Owasco people and they practiced a more settled form of agriculture. These people are believed to have developed into the Iroquoian-speaking people and they spoke Laurentian, practiced agriculture, and built fortified villages, such as those visited and described by explorer Jacques Cartier. They were a distinct from the Iroquois Five Nations based in present-day New York. Historians believe the Mohawk Iroquois pushed out or destroyed the St. Lawrence Iroquoians by 1600, in the 17th and early 18th century, some settled at Kahnawake, south of Montreal. Some 30 families of converted Mohawk who had lived at Kahnawake founded Akwesasne upriver in the late 1750s and it is now the largest Mohawk territory in Canada, with a population of about 12,000 people. The united counties comprises six of the original eight Royal Townships of Upper Canada, Lancaster, Charlottenburgh, Cornwall, Osnabruck, Williamsburgh and these six townships were divided into 12 a few years after their creation. The three counties were amalgamated to form the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry. Ten communities in Cornwall and Osnabruck, known collectively as The Lost Villages, were abandoned, one community each in Williamsburgh and Matilda were relocated to higher ground. The 12 townships were amalgamated back into six, although along different boundaries from the original Royal Townships, with a land area of 3,247.32 km2, it had a population density of 20. 0/km2 in 2011. As a census division, the counties had a population of 111,164 living in 46,015 of its 48,290 total dwellings in 2011. With a land area of 3,308.84 km2 and these population and dwelling figures exclude those from the portion of the Mohawk Nation of Akwesasne within the united counties as permission was not given to enumerate the Indian reserve in 2011. The head of Council is elected annually by election from Councils members. Eric Duncan, the Mayor of North Dundas, is the United Counties of Stormont, Dundas, most of the united counties, with the exception of North Glengarry, constitutes the federal and provincial electoral district of Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry. North Glengarry is part of the district of Glengarry—Prescott—Russell

10.
Ontario general election, 1867
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The Ontario general election,1867 was the first general election held in the newly created Province of Ontario, Canada. Previously, the territory was known as Canada West, a part of the Province of Canada, the election was held on September 3,1867, to elect the 82 members of the 1st Legislative Assembly. The dates of the election in 1867 varied from August 20 to September 26, the Conservative Party, led by John Sandfield Macdonald, and the Ontario Liberal Party, led by Archibald McKellar, each won 41 seats. A coalition government was formed under the leadership of Macdonald, voter eligibility was only 13% of the population. List of Ontario political parties Politics of Ontario List of elections in the Province of Canada ^ Ontarios 40th general election represents 100 years

11.
James Craig (Canadian politician)
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James Craig was an Ontario farmer and political figure. He represented Glengarry in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Conservative member from 1867 to 1874, the son of James Craig and Helen Frue, he was born in Charlottenburg Township in Upper Canada in 1823. He was a farmer and was involved in the timber trade. He served on the council, becoming reeve, and was elected county warden in 1862. He died at Summerstown in 1874, in 1851, he married Flora McLeod. His son James also served in the Ontario assembly

12.
David Murdoch MacPherson
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Macpherson was a Canadian dairyman, inventor, manufacturer and political figure. He represented Glengarry County in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal-Patrons of Industry member from 1894 to 1898 and his surname also appears as McPherson in some sources. He was born in Lancaster Township, Canada West, the son of John McPherson, a native of Kingussie, Scotland and he inherited the family dairy farm and in 1871 married Margaret McBean, daughter of Duncan McBean of Montreal and Lancaster, Ontario. He became a major producer, owning a large group of factories known as the Allan Grove Combination, with factories in Ontario, Quebec. He also manufactured cheese boxes at Lancaster and Alexandria, where he partnered with Jacob Thomas Schell, macpherson invented several mechanical devices for use in cheese making. In 1871, he married Margaret McBean, macpherson was commonly known as the Cheese King. He was a commissioner to the Indian and Colonial Exhibition of 1886 in London, macpherson served as president of the Dairymen’s Association of Eastern Ontario in 1887 and became the first president of the Dairymen’s Association of the Dominion of Canada in 1890. He was also president of the Dominion Cold Storage Company and he was defeated for the provincial seat in 1898 by Donald Robert McDonald. He died in Montreal in 1915 and is buried at the Presbyterian churchyard in South Lancaster, Ontario

Canadian Confederation (French: Confédération canadienne) was the process by which the British colonies of Canada, Nova …

1885 photo of Robert Harris' 1884 painting, Conference at Quebec in 1864, to settle the basics of a union of the British North American Provinces, also known as The Fathers of Confederation. The original painting was destroyed in the 1916 Parliament Buildings Centre Block fire. The scene is an amalgamation of the Charlottetown and Quebec City conference sites and attendees.