Title

Author

Date of Award

Document Type

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Mechanical Engineering

First Advisor

Yifu Ding

Second Advisor

Y. C. Lee

Third Advisor

Se-Hee Lee

Fourth Advisor

Ronggui Yang

Fifth Advisor

Mark Stoykovich

Abstract

In this dissertation, I examine the simultaneous capillary instability among periodic polymer lithographic structures. The first system is straight polymer stripes arranged in parallel with equal spacing and suspended atop an immiscible medium. Polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were used because of their immiscibility and well-characterized physical properties. When annealed at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of both component polymers, the stripes undulated and ruptured via capillary instability. We found that the PS-to-PMMA viscosity ratio and substrate confinement to be key factors that influenced the instability. The second system that I will show is suspended concentric PS rings. The rings ruptured upon annealing, with three possible types of phase correlation between neighboring rings. In the case of weak substrate confinement, the rings ruptured independently when they were sparsely distanced, but via an out-of-phase mode when packed closer. If the substrate confinement was strong, the rings would rupture via an in-phase mode, resulting in radially aligned droplets. The concentric ring geometry caused a competition between the phase correlation of neighboring rings and the kinetically favorable wavelength, yielding an intriguing, recursive surface pattern. This frustrated pattern formation behavior was accounted for by a scaling analysis. Our experiments can serve as a basis for correlated capillary instability among curved objects, which can be a powerful tool for creating unique surface patterns.