The consequences of increasing the forest ecosystems nitrogen status (eutrophication) due to aerotechnogenic growth of nitrogen compounds are discussed. Dynamic ecologycal changes are especially possible in urban forests. For modern large urban agglomerations with their highly-developed transport system NOx is a main air pollutant. At the same time, urban forests almost always border highways and are often fragmented by road sections. The increased concentrations zone of nitrogen dioxide was detected in the urban forest by using passive dosimetry. This forest site is characterized by a strong recreational transformation. It should be assumed that the inputs of technogenic nitrogen under the canopy of the recreational forest «edit» the soil nitrogen cycle in the direction of increasing return NOx as intermediate products of denitrification. As a result, in the urban forest ecosystem due to road transport pollution the conditions for eutrophication are formed and proper sanitary and hygienic functions are reduced. Eutrophication is accompanied by an increase in the abundance of the stenobiont species that require nitrogen constituents. Reference tables have been compiled for assesment the nitrogen status of the urban forest ecosystems based on geobotanical descriptions.

[20] Park K.T., Han S.S. Seven species of Gracillariidae and Lyonetiidae (Lepidoptera) new to Korea and a list of the known host plants for the families // Korean Journal of Plant Protection, 1986, vol. 25, pp. 121-128.

[154] Navickaite A., Diškus A., Stonis J.R. What is new and most interesting about the Nepticulidae of the Crimea and Lithuania // Selected abstracts and papers of the First Baltic International Conference on Field Entomology and Faunistics (Stonis J.R., Hill S.R., Dišku A., Auškalnis T., eds). Vilnius: Edukologija Publishers, 2014, pp. 96-117.

[181] Robbins J. The leaf miners of Warwickshire with notes on other occurring in the Midlands. London, 1991, 182 p.

[182] Rociene A., Stonis J.R. Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) of East Asia (2). Study of a collection sample deposited at the Russian Academy of Sciences, with descriptions of new species and a checklist // Zootaxa, 2013, vol. 3652, i. 1, pp. 75-116.

About twenty species of maples are known on the territory of the Russian Federation. Another 45 species of maple are introduced in some regions of the Russian Federation. These plants are appreciated in ornamental gardening, park building and urban gardening. Almost all types of maples are used in landscape design as ornamental trees as solitaires, or in compositions with other plant species. Decorative crowns of maples can be significantly reduced when their leaves are filled with insect miners. The features of damage to the leaf plate by miners are such that they keep all the features of the life of the mining insect until the end of vegetation, which in most cases allows them to identify the type of insect according to the damage inflicted, without a long process of waiting for the appearance of the adult. Until now, in the special literature on the definition of insects on damage caused by plant parts to the Russian Federation, only 6 species of insect miners developing on the leaves of maple trees of different species were clearly classified. With a high degree of probability, we can expect a significant increase in the complex of insect miners in the next decade in connection with the expansion of the range of plants used and the expansion of the range of many types of mining insects that can gain a foothold in new areas for them. Based on bibliographic sources, a new key figure has been compiled reflecting the above trends.

[20] Park K.T., Han S.S. Seven species of Gracillariidae and Lyonetiidae (Lepidoptera) new to Korea and a list of the known host plants for the families Korean Journal of Plant Protection, 1986, vol. 25, pp. 121-128.

[154] Navickaitе A., Diškus A., Stonis J.R. What is new and most interesting about the Nepticulidae of the Crimea and Lithuania. Selected abstracts and papers of the First Baltic International Conference on Field Entomology and Faunistics (Stonis J.R., Hill S.R., Dišku A., Auškalnis T. eds). Vilnius: Edukologija Publishers, 2014a, pp. 96-117.

[165] Nowakowski J.T. Mining insects of the isle of Wolin and the Dziwnуw Peninsula. Publications of the Section of Biology, the Poznan Society of Friends of Sciece, Department of mathematical and natural Sciences, 1954, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-119.

[181] Robbins J. The leaf miners of Warwickshire with notes on other occurring in the Midlands. London, 1991, 182 p.

[182] Rociene A., Stonis J.R. Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) of East Asia (2). Study of a collection sample deposited at the Russian Academy of Sciences, with descriptions of new species and a checklist. Zootaxa, 2013, vol. 3652, I. 1, pp. 75-116.

In the territory of Syktyvkar 50 species of arthropods of classes Arachnida (20) and Insecta (30) are discovered. Mites belong to the squad Acariformes. The studied assemblage includes units Homoptera, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera. Dendrophyllia (33 species), trophically associated with 13 trees and shrubs dominate everywhere. Comparative characteristics of the parts of the city is given from the standpoint of species diversity of gall forming insects and the formation of their complexes. A bio-indicator of the ability of the group and the prospects of their use in describing the level of anthropogenic impact on vegetation and zoning are shown. Most arthropods were registered at various representatives of willow (Salix). The needles and buds of gymnosperms damage woolly conifer aphids (Aphrastasia pectinata and Adelges laricis), weevils (Brachonyx pineti) and midge (Thecodiplosis brachyntera). Many identified species are monophges. Only mites Aceria varia and A. dispar are narrow oligophages plants of the genus Populus. The blackcurrant gall mite (Cecidophyopsis ribis) was registered in the territories of urban horticultural systems. The pine resin-gall moth (Petrova resinella) attended only forested land included in the regional protected areas. Species of gall, which are associated with plants introduced into the urban environment, are present only in the residential zone. Examples are linden mites Eriophyes leiosoma, E. tiliae, pear mites Eriophyes pyri and hawthorn aphid Dysaphis crataegi. The mass reproduction of the hawthorn-carrot Aphid (Dysaphis crataegi) on hawthorn and Pontania proxima on different species of willow were identified at a high level of anthropogenic impact in urban areas. The greatest number in the residential part of the city has five species of gall invertebrates: Acalitus longisetosus, Eriophyes laevis, E. tiliae, Aceria varia, Harmandiola tremulae.

[11] Kovalev O.V. K faune i ekologii galloobrazuyushchikh nasekomykh yuga Dal’nego vostoka SSSR, s opisaniem novykh vidov gallits (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) [To the fauna and ecology of gall-forming insects in the south of the Far East of the USSR, with a description of new species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae)]. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1967, pp. 41, 80-131.

To organize a successful quality control of a new dangerous pest it is necessary, in the first place, to possess as full as possible knowledge of its biology and ecology. For this purpose a laboratory culture of box-tree pyramid moth Cydalimaperspectalis Walker was created consisting of two lines (a Crimean jne and a Caucasian one). The pests were kept in a climatic chamber at a 16-hours day length (daylight) at a constant temperature of 23 oC and relative humidity of 80%, using natural food. In the course of work the basic biological characteristics of the laboratory culture were studied in 7 generations, the problem of the pest food specialization was investigated. The mean biomass of the larvae (caterpillars) passing to pupation was 280–330 mg. The mean lifetime of imago under the given conditions was 20–25 days, the fertility was 210–220 eggs. Duration developmental stages were: for eggs — 3-4 days; for larvae — 20–28 days; for pupae — 9–14 days. Duration of development of the generation of box-tree moth (without diapause) is 35–40 days. Experimentally determined thresholdtemperature for larvaldevelopment is +8 oC. In accordance with this, the sum of effective temperatures which is necessary for the development of a valuable generation of box-tree moth is 560–570 degree-days. The obtained results make it possible to appraise with good reasons the development of situation in case of penetration of the dangerous pest into new regions and more precisely to plan and to realize the necessary protective measures aimed at minimization of damage from box-tree moth in the south of European Russia.

Pheromones may be used in the integrated plant protection system as an effective means of early detection of insect pests, their massive capture or disorientation. Field tests of various synthetic pheromone mixtures of box-tree moth Cydalima perspectalis Walker, a dangerous invasion pest which has quickly settled in the territory of the Crimea and the Caucasus during the last five years, were carried out in three regions of the European part of Russia distant from one another (Sochi, Pyatigorsk and Simferopol). Several versions of synthetic pheromone mixtures based on two aldehydes (Z11-HDAL and E11-HDAL) were tested. Standard delta-shaped sticky traps were used during the tests. Box-tree moth was revealed when using pheromone traps in the greenery box tree plantations in all inspected points of these regions. In the Crimea and the Caucasus all six versions of synthetic pheromone mixture have demonstrated attractivityto some extent. The most attractive for the box tree moth males in the South of the European part of Russia was the synthetic pheromone mixture containing the main components in the ratio of 4 mg : 1 mg. The final result of the work being carried out should be an ecologically safepheromone stuff intended for detection, monitoring and signaling of treatments during integrated protection of boxwood moth against box-wood moth in Russia. The question is being raised whether it is necessary to carry out the monitoring of Cydalima perspectalis in the territory of all southern regions of Russia using pheromone traps for tracing the boundaries of the pest penetration.

The issue of introduction of the genus Paeonia L is very immortant. To research the introduction of peonies one needs to know not only the ecological and biological aspects, but also their physiological characteristics are to be taken into account. All physiological processes normally occur in the plant only at the optimum provision of water. Transpiration is one of the most important processes of the water regime occurring in plants. The article presents the transpiration rate data at different periods of seasonal development of the genus Paeonia L. (P. lactiflora Pall., P. suffruticosa Andr., P. mlokosevitschii Lomak., P. anomala L., P. tenuifolia L.) and some features functioning of stomata peony leaves. The studies were conducted in July and August 2016 in the Botanical Garden Lomonosov Moscow State University. It studied the dependence of the intensity of transpiration of plants on the climate conditions. Morphological and anatomical characteristics of plants are discussed in the article. Two types of diurnal course of transpiration were identified in species of the genus Paeonia L. The first type is P. tenuifolia L. (hydrostable species) which had an increase in the rate of transpiration in the morning decrease in daytime and rise in the evening. The second type of transpiration is hydrolabile species, in which the highest transpiration intensity was observed at noon and decrease in the evening (P. mlokosevitschii Lomak., P. lactiflora Pall., P. suffruticosa Andrews, P. anomala L.). The study has shown that the intensity of transpiration depends on the one hand on the relative humidity of air and temperature and on the other hand on ecology.