Labeled, known, short stretches of DNA used to detect a specific sequence of nucleotides in a mixture are

A technique that separates a readable pattern of DNA fragments is

Analysis of DNA fragments in gel electrophoresis involves

All of the choices are correct (larger fragments move slowly and remain closer to the wells, DNA has an overall negative charge and moves to the positive pole, DNA fragments are stained to see them, an electric current through the gel causes DNA fragments to migrate)

The movement of substances from lower to higher concentration across a semipermeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier and use energy is called

Which of the following microorganisms would find hypotonic conditions most detrimental?

Which of the following require the cell to use ATP?

Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab benchtop, on the shelf of a 37 C incubator and on the shelf of a 50 C incubator. After incubation, there was no growth at 37 C and 50 C, slight growth out on the benchtop, and abundant growth at refrigeration. What term could be used for this species?

Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated out on the incubator shelf, in an anaerobic jar and in a candle jar. After incubation there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture on the incubator shelf. This species is a/an

Filamentous fungi are called

All of the following pertain to monkeypox except

Herpes simplex-2 (HSV-2) causes

All of the choices are correct (genital lesions; intensely sensitive vesicles on or near the genitals; symptoms that include urethritis, cervicitis, and itching; infection in neonates that have contact with lesions in the birth canal)

An occasional serious complication of herpes simplex-1 is

Which of the following antivirals is not used for treatment of HSV-1 and HSV-2?

Chickenpox

All of the choices are correct (is transmitted by inhalation of respiratory secretions, is transmitted by skin lesion contact or airborne spread of lesion material, has an incubation of 10 to 20 days, has fever, and vesicular rash that occurs in successive crops)

Symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include

The patients at greatest risk for severe cytomegalovirus infection include all the following except

Cytomegalovirus

All of the choices are correct (is among the most common of human infections; is transmitted by saliva, respiratory mucus, milk, urine, semen, and cervical secretions; can be sexually transmitted; is commonly carried in the latent state)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) has the following characteristics except

Inflammation of the liver with necrosis of the hepatocytes and swelling due to a mononuclear response is a disease called

Hepatitis B virus

All of the choices are correct (is principally transmitted by blood; transmission risks include shared needles, anal intercourse, and heterosexual intercourse; is transmitted to the newborn from chronic carrier mothers; has many chronic carriers)

Hepatitis B infection

Adenoviruses are

All of the choices are correct (nonenveloped, double-stranded, DNA viruses; transmitted by respiratory and ocular secretions; causes of conjunctivitis, common cold, and an acute hemorrhagic cystitis in children; causes of outbreaks among military recruits)

Documented transmission of HIV involves

The worldwide, primary viral cause of morbidity and mortality from diarrhea is

Spongiform encephalopathies are

All of the choices are correct (associated with abnormal, transmissible, protein in the brain; chronic, fatal infections of the nervous system; caused by prions; Creutzfeld-Jacob disease, kuru, and Gertsmann-Strussler-Scheinker syndrome)