Building Energy Code Modeling and Its application

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1 Building Energy Code Modeling and Its application3/28/2017Building Energy Code Modeling and Its applicationCases from China, India, and the United StatesSha Yu, Mereydd Evans, and Bing LiuBuildings under UNFCCC Flexible Mechanisms WorkshopMarch

4 Traditional Building Energy Codes3/28/2017Traditional Building Energy CodesVerification of building designInspection of actual constructionCompliance stagesIncentives and penaltiesThird-party inspectorsTraditional code enforcement does not consider:Process loads and plug loadsEven with modeled loads, theoretical and actual performance can differ substantially.

5 Simulated Performance3/28/2017Design & ConstructionOperationsTraditional CodesPrescriptiveSimple Trade-OffSimulated PerformanceOutcome-BasedCompliance PathSpecifies minimum or maximum values for discrete components or features of a buildingCompliance of envelope with the code is demonstrated using calculation or simulation softwareCompliance of whole building with the code is demonstrated using energy simulation softwareStandard for energy performance index or other performance indicator (post- occupancy)Comparison of actual to benchmark dataComparison of actual data to modeled buildingAuditEnforcement SystemGovernment inspectorsThird-party inspectorsChecks of design and actual construction to get permitsGovernment or third party reviewer to confirm building benchmarkGovernment, utility or third-party inspector to review cases of non- compliance with energy performance benchmarkCompliance incentives: utility rates (preferential or penalty tariffs); posting rating to inform buyers and potential leases; financial liability for poor construction/ design

6 3/28/2017Energy BenchmarkingCompare a particular building to similar set of buildings to establish a benchmark and then scoring the particular building’s actual energy performance against the benchmarkUse simulated performance of the building as the benchmarkESCOs and performance contractorsControl companies and utilities

7 Verification process Periodic audits at set moment post-occupancy3/28/2017Verification processPeriodic audits at set moment post-occupancyComparison of energy consumption to benchmark could trigger penaltiesComparing a benchmark that could trigger an audit

8 China Building Energy Codes Modeling3/28/2017China Building Energy Codes ModelingInvestigate the “long-term” effect of China’s building codes/standards on its energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, consideringSocioeconomic development (income, urbanization, etc.)Expansion of building floorspace and energy servicesBuilding retirement and code complianceRegional heterogeneity in building codeRegional heterogeneity in the effect of climate change

11 Methodological Framework3/28/2017Methodological FrameworkGCAM assumptions about population/ income for China+Income path for urban/rural for each sub-regionUrbanization assumptions for each sub-regionHeating/Cooling Degree Days by Sub-RegionHistorical info.: ConstructionBuilding typesCodes/standardsU valueFSR valueComplianceBuilding Stock Model: U & FSRGCAM Detailed Building ModelResultsPolicy ComplianceBase-year building energy consumption by fuel and service