Without a doubt some, one of the subjects that always
they had stimulated
warm
quarrels,
theories and great concern was the population growth.

A famous known demographic theory as Malthusianism -
elaborated in the end of century XVIII for the Protestant
Shepherd Thomas Robert Malthus - defends that the great
population growth would be the cause of the poverty why it
passes good part of the world-wide population. In opposition,
the Reformist Theory based in the ideas of Karl Marx, defends
that the misery is the cause of the overpopulation. But after
all, who is with the reason?

The theoreticians affirm that "the ideal" tax of
fertility
is of 2,1 children for woman. The explanation is simple: 2,0
children to substitute its 2 parents who one day will go to
die e, 0.1 children for woman to cover the tax of infantile
mortality.

In Brazil, currently this index is of 2,3 children for woman
what already he is very next to provide population balance e,
sufficiently next to the tax of the United States that is of
2,0 children for woman. These numbers take our country to a
tax of annual vegetative growth of 1,3 % that already she is
next to being considered low.

However, if the simple reduction of the
fertility
taxes meant improvement of the conditions of life of the
population, Brazil already would be a country very next to
being classified as developed, what it is far of being
reality.

E which would be the causes of the reduction of the taxes of
fertility
in the great majority of the Brazilian regions?

One of the main ones is the intense process of urbanization
why it passed Brazil in the last decades. When
to immigrated
of the field for the cities, the people start to have access
the public services of health and education. Also she
contributed the diffusion of the access to the Social welfare
providing through the retirement, an income to the families
most devoid. This discourages the idea of that it stops
keeping the parents when they left to work would be necessary
to have a bigger number of children, therefore of them would
come the only familiar income.

It seems nonsense but studies carried through in the decade of
70 of the last century indicate that the soap operas had
helped in the shrinking of the homes, therefore the majority
of them showed families of two children, consisting in a
standard that finished influencing the couples.

However, the reduction of the rhythm of the Brazilian
population growth with this apparent proximity of the "ideal
tax", hides serious problems and deep territorial
inaqualities.

The first one of them is that in some poor and moved away
Brazilian regions as in the cities of Catfish, Pará,
the average arrives the 7,3 children for woman, although to
lose for the cities of Tartarugalzinho and Pracuuba, both in
the Amapá,
with superior indices. In that city, some women arrive to have
up to 20 children during its fertile life (about a son per
year).

Another aspect is that the slum quarters currently are true
population bombs give to blow up. The demographic growth of
the same ones is almost three times of the Brazilian average.
Studies indicate that the causes are diverse: increase of the
fecundidade, immigration, increase of the life expectancy,
arrived of people who had had its reduced standard of living
e, believe, sex as one of the main forms of leisure. This set
of factors can take the population that lives in slum quarters
to reach preoccupying 13,5 million people in the next years.

If after all the arguments above, some reader still will be in
doubt on who had reason (Thomas Malthus or Karl Marx),
suggests a visit to a maceioense quarter call
Clima Bom
that he is one of poor and violent of the city. He made much
time that I not by a so great amount of children for the
streets, good part of them still using diapers, beyond
pregnants
womans
for all the parts.