Calling it a “model for promoting fraternity between nations,” a group of international academics has nominated the Arctic Council for the Nobel Peace Prize.

“In a time when facts have been challenged, diversity has been viewed with suspicion, and the value of international cooperation has been questioned, the Arctic Council has persevered in its work unabated,” said the sixty signatories from over 20 different countries in their nomination letter submitted to the Norwegian Nobel Committee on Sunday.

“The Arctic region has always been a place where cooperation between and amongst groups was not only desirable, but in many cases necessary for survival. This philosophy has continued into the 21st century, where climate change, globalization, mass-scale utilization of resources, and narrow interpretations of geopolitics impose new challenges to the region.

“The Arctic Council is a model for promoting fraternity between nations, and a deserving recipient of Alfred Nobel’s Peace Prize.”

Bridging East-West tensions

Lassi Heininen, a professor of Arctic politics at Finland’s University of Lapland and chair of the University of the Arctic Thematic Network on Geopolitics and Security – the group whose members signed the nomination letter- said the council’s work flies under the radar when it comes to international diplomacy.

But as geopolitical tensions increase around the world due to diplomatic conflict between Russia and the West, tensions on the Korean Peninsula, international terrorism and wars in the Middle East, it’s time for people to take notice, he said.

“In times like these, it’s so important to remind the international community about the kind of cooperation that takes place in the Arctic Council,” said Heininen in a telephone interview with Eye on the Arctic.

“(This cooperation) is not sensational, it’s not the kind of thing that will dominate headlines, but it is so very, very important that people know about it, and that this kind of work is taking place. It’s a success story for international cooperation.”

Canadian roots

The Arctic Council is a consensus based forum made up of the world’s eight circumpolar nations and six Arctic Indigenous groups.

It was established in Canada in 1996, with the Ottawa Declaration, as a way to foster cooperation in the North. From the beginning, military issues have been excluded from the council’s mandate to allow members to focus on sustainable development and environmental protection in the Arctic.

The nomination signatories says the forum’s unique structure, as well as the Indigenous organizations being full, not token, partners is one of the reasons Russia and the West have been able to work together on everything from climate change to Arctic search and rescue even, during times when tensions elsewhere have been high.

Much of the work coming out of what the Arctic Council calls ‘working groups,’ – assemblies of experts put together to tackle specific themes or issues affecting the North, has helped inform international climate policy, including the Paris climate accord.

“Knowledge creation has become such an important part of the Arctic Council’s work,” Heininen said. “And not just knowledge from western science, but also Indigenous or traditional knowledge as well, which is so valuable.

“(The six Indigenous groups) also bring new perspectives and points of view. Their participation also makes it easier for the state representatives at the Arctic Council because we are no longer just talking about ‘power’ in terms of the state, you are also talking about power in terms of influence and what you know. And this exposure to Indigenous politics is exactly what the world needs. It’s not based on hegemony or competition. It’s knowledge that matters.”

Other achievements highlighted by the signatories are the Arctic Council’s 2011 Agreement on Cooperation on Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue in the Arctic.

The legally binding accord outlines the responsibilities of the Arctic states in case of a disaster in their regions, something that led to further cooperation, including the 2015 Arctic Coast Guard Forum whose mandate is to work together and “to foster safe, secure, and environmentally responsible maritime activity in the Arctic.”

At a time when relations between Russia and the West are strained elsewhere over Russia’s annexation of Crimea and ensuing tit-for-tat sanctions, the nominators described these examples of cooperation as “remarkable”, bringing “Arctic states together to address emergency maritime response and combined operations in the Arctic at a time when all other military and defense cooperation was suspended.”

The nuts and bolts of the international award

The Norwegian Nobel Committee does not reveal the final nominee list publicly, or its shortlist, for a 50-year period after the announcement of each year’s winners.

The committee receives more than 200 different nominations on average for the award, with 376 candidates put forward in 2016 and 318 put forward in 2017.

Heininen says he’s not sure about the Arctic Council’s chances of having its name read out in 2018, but he hopes the nomination will help make the forum’s work better known outside of the circumpolar world.

“There’s a big salmon river in the European Arctic and we have a saying: It’s worth trying to catch the salmon there even if you know you may not be successful ,” Heininen said.

“I’m not saying the Arctic Council’s structure can be instantly and successfully applied to other contexts or regions, but when it comes to international cooperation, the Arctic Council shows how, and what, is possible when inclusivity is put together with policy shaping, before you go to to policy making.

“That’s what the Arctic Council did and it was brilliant. It’s something more people should know.”

Eilís Quinn, Eye on the Arctic

Eilís Quinn is a journalist and manages Radio Canada International’s Eye on the Arctic circumpolar news project. At Eye on the Arctic, Eilís has produced documentary and multimedia series about climate change and the issues facing Indigenous peoples in the circumpolar world. Her documentary Bridging the Divide was a finalist at the 2012 Webby Awards.
Eilís began reporting on the North in 2001. Her work as a reporter in Canada and the United States, and as TV host for the Discovery/BBC Worldwide series "Best in China" has taken her to some of the world’s coldest regions including the Tibetan mountains, Greenland and Alaska; along with the Arctic regions of Canada, Russia, Norway and Iceland.

It is true that international, or preferably global, co-operation is the core of Nobel´s prize. But the purpose of the (great!) Barents project is not directed to free the world of weapons, warriors and war and thus is far from the purpose of what Nobel called “the prize for the champions of peace” and further specified as disarmament and the work of the “peace congresses” to build a world where the power of the law replaces the law of power – a fundamental reform of international relations – a “fraternity of nations”. On nobelwill.org – under Candidates 2017 – Nobel Peace Prize Watch has published all known and qualified nominations for 2017.

Much knowledge has been culturally appropriated without any form of respect shown to the indigenous cultures from which they were taken. This does need to change, but it is nice to see that recognition is starting to take place. Indigenous tribes are no longer being referenced as only a thing of the past but cultures that still live on to this day. The way in which indigenous cultures are stewards for the land is a more balanced way to live with nature. So, if this can affect how we implement policy in a beneficial way I’m a supporter. The article could be titled Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize The Artic council uses Indigenous Knowledge to counteract climate change and collaborate.
Everyone can see that climate change is the main driving force in the changes that are taking place in the Artic. Part of the Artic Councils declaration mentions “the need for global action to reduce both long-lived greenhouse gases and short-lived climate pollutants.” Indigenous tribes from the Artic played a role during the negotiations that resulted in the Stockholm Accord, banning certain organic pollutants that can cause cancer, infertility and brain damage among people and wildlife.
The “developed countries” have a far larger carbon footprint than the rest of the world. The lack of environmental advocacy when compared to lobbyist for the oil companies has affected the earth on a geological timescale. The lack of carbon sequestration and the amount of carbon that has been emitted has already started to show some of its affects on the environment. First nations people understood this. Okalik Eegeesiak, the international chair of the Inuit Circumpolar Conference stated, “his people have lived within the state that is now called Alaska for thousands of years”. They support the Artic council’s views with its focus on connectivity and the Paris Agreement. They left a last message that was “let’s have the courage to make it even better.” It can already be seen in the rhetoric used by the council that their views are starting to correlate with indigenous cultures. Mentions of thinking for the future, sustainable human activity, both benefit the local people and the land.
Yes, much knowledge has been cultural appropriated from indigenous cultures and this is not okay. There are Over 500,000 Indigenous Peoples live in the Arctic spanning three continents, eight countries and 30 million square kilometers. That is why it is so important to see indigenous representation have a greater influence. The six permanent participant, The Aleut International Association, the Arctic Athabaskan Council, the Gwich’in International Council, the Inuit Circumpolar Council, the Russian Association of Indigenous Peoples of the North and the Saami Council. are valued members with real influence on the council’s work and direction.