How Has Selective Breeding Helped Global Foot Distrubution

Selective breeding has allowed us to improve our global food production, because the food that we eat has been looked after and well cared for by farmers, but the real work is from the scientist when they have selectively breeded the best of the best cows and cattle, meat and wheat by changing the DNA of the animal and controlling the breeding of the animal by taking sperm from the bulls with the most desirable characteristics, and put it into an egg taken from the females with the most desirable characteristics. They do this by collecting the sperm and then taking the sperm to the Lab and they view it under a micro scope to make sure that all the sperm are healthy. They track there movement and how quickly they are moving. When they get the all clear that the sperm are healthy, they will inject the sperm into an egg. This will eventually create the calf, which is the best of the best. This process takes 100’s of years to complete. Only now have we been able to alter the genes and take out the genes so that certain things in a cow don’t work. In the Belgian blues, the scientists have taken the gene that controls muscle growth, and replaced it with one that doesn’t work. This makes a lot of muscle over time as the baby is born with muscle before and in its lifetime, it grows even more. This meat will usually be sold for quick cooking meat in takeaways, and brings the farmers/ scientists a healthy profit. McDonalds are one of the more know companies to buy meat like this. The Breeders also now are more conscious of fat, as people don’t want fat on their meat, so breeders have bred specifically to produce animals with less fat. Selective Breeding can not only just be done to meat, but also to plants. Over the years, Wheat heads are now much bigger than the wheat 200 years ago. The heads are fatter and the plant is shorter, because the taller the plant, the smaller the head of wheat. Farmers like to use the method of selective breeding, as it shows you that you don’t...

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...adapt to their environment as best they can and they pass their genetic characteristics to the next generation. With the knowledge that a desired trait of an organism can be passed on to the next generation, selectivebreeding was introduced. Selectivebreeding is the process by which organisms (plants, animals) with a desired trait are chosen and breed to produce offspring with the desired trait due to human intervention. Selectivebreeding is popular in areas of agriculture as it produces results much faster than natural selection. The breeder will attempt to isolate and propagate the genotype of the desired trait. [1]
Selectivebreeding can be seen as a way of breeding out unwanted alleles from a population, restricting genetic variation. Some people see this as an advantage as the unwanted allele is no longer present; however the disadvantage of this is the reduction of genetic diversity. Breeding animals and plants to have desired traits will benefit the plant/animal in their current environment. However breeding for their desired traits runs the risk of losing other genetic characteristics from the gene pool of the population which is an irreversible effect of selectivebreeding.
Another disadvantage/advantage of selectivebreeding is...

...Selectivebreeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits. Typically, strains that are selectively bred are domesticated, and the breeding is normally done by a professional breeder. Bred animals are known as breeds, while bred plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars. The cross of animals results in what is called a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids.
In animal breeding techniques such as inbreeding, linebreeding, and outcrossing are utilized. In plant breeding, similar methods are used. Charles Darwin discussed howselectivebreeding had been successful in producing change over time in his book, Origin of Species. The first chapter of the book discusses selectivebreeding and domestication of such animals as pigeons, cats, cattle, and dogs. Selectivebreeding was used by Darwin as a springboard to introduce the theory of natural selection, and to support it.[1]
The deliberate exploitation of selectivebreeding to produce desired results has become very common in agriculture and experimental biology.
Selectivebreeding can be unintentional, e.g. resulting from the process of human cultivation; and it may also produce...

...Diversity
Human activities affect the diversity of living things in ecosystems
Choose a recent newspaper article (within the past 3 years) that shows how humans impact the diversity of ecosystems. Summarize the article in 300 words and explain why you chose your article (be sure to include the original article as well).
#2: Plants
Evaluate the importance of the sustainable use of plants to Canadian society and other cultures
Answer one of the following questions, by conducting research. Your response should not be longer than 250 words and you should provide appropriate evidence (by citing credible references):
How does the local food movement contribute to community development?
How does the re-introduction of native plant species along river banks help to prevent land erosion?
What plant species are considered important in sustaining Canada’s growth in the agricultural sector?
How are plants being used to clean wastewater from fish farms so that the water can go back into local streams?
#3: Animals
The development and uses of technology to maintain human health, are based in part , in the changing needs of society
Choose a technology (advances in dietary products, advances in fitness equipment, advances in transplant technology, advances in diagnostic equipment, etc.). Create a timeline showing how that technology has advanced over the years, based on the changing needs of...

...SelectiveBreeding essay
Eugene Ng
F3G6
SelectiveBreeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans breed other animals and plants for particular traits. Typically, strains that are selectively bred are domesticated, and the breeding is normally done by a professional breeder. Bred animals are known as breeds, while bred plants are known as varieties, cultigens, or cultivars. The cross of animals results in what is called a crossbreed, and crossbred plants are called hybrids.
Plant breedinghas been used for thousands of years, and began with the domestication of wild plants into uniform and predictable agricultural cultigens. High-yielding varieties have been particularly important in agriculture.
Selective plant breeding is also used in research to produce transgenic animals that breed "true" (i.e., are homozygous) for artificially inserted or deleted genes.
Over time, selectivebreeding modifies teosinte's few fruitcases into modern tomato's rows of exposed kernels.
In any given reason, reporting tomato could be lost to 10-15%. There was a bacteria that makes the tomato rotten. One day, a farmer received a phone call from a scientist, that had a way to prevent this things happen.
Bacterial Spot causes yield loss in tomato through reduced photosynthetic capacity and...

...﻿The Ethics behind selectivebreedingSelectivebreeding, or artificial selection, is a process whereby evolution is overridden so that only organisms with required traits are selected by humans to reproduce over many generations; often resulting in highly productive crops or farm animals, or desirable pet breeds (see figure 1). As evolution, or natural selection, most commonly only allows the fittest, strongest and healthiest to survive, by-passing this progression can risk adverse organism development and survival, and the possibility of health concerns in animals due to a lack of genetic diversity. As a result there are ongoing ethical debates as to whether humans have the right to deliberately breed animals with the knowledge that they will endure suffering as a result, and indeed whether this process is going against ‘God’s design’.
The impact of selectivebreeding on animal welfare is not a newly documented phenomenon (Fox, 1970 for example), where understanding of the negative connotations goes back many years. In the agricultural world the chicken (Gallus gallus) is perhaps the clearest example where breedinghas resulted in poor health and development. Selectivebreedinghas meant that over 60 years the chicken has undergone a 300% increase in growth rate (Knowles et al. 2008) so that chickens now...

...TYPES OF BREEDINGSelectiveBreeding Terms
* When you breed plants, the results are known as cultigens, cultivars or varieties. When there is a cross of animals, the results are referred to as crossbreeds, while a cross of plants results in hybrids. Similar methods are used in animal and plant breeding. When animals with desirable traits are selected, they are bred through the process of culling for particular for traits. Culling is the process of selecting livestock based on desired criteria, and destroying the others. This is how purebreds are produced. Purebreds with a recognizable lineage are known as pedigreed, while a mix of two separate purebreds will produce crossbreeds. The three methods of selectivebreeding are outcrossing, inbreeding and line breeding.
Line Breeding
* Line breeding is the process of breeding animals or plants that are closely related so as to "fix" or "set" desirable traits. For example, if a horse has some qualities that the breeder likes, the breeder could breed that horse with another relative so as to reinforce the desirable traits through a "pooling" of the genes. The idea is that if one animal has desirable qualities, mating it with a genetically related animal will increase those desirable traits. In human terms, linebreeding is like mating two...

...﻿Introduction
The relation between humans and genetic manipulation is older than we think. Humans have been manipulating the transfer of genetic information between organisms for over 10.000 years. The first experiences were with cultivation of grains and domestication of animals. The facilities that these methods bring in order to keep having the necessary stuff for our survival make the humans improve their techniques. Now, with the advances of science, we have some sophisticated ways to make easier get the most wanted kinds of livestock and plants. Selectivebreeding and transgenesis are examples of popular (and successful) processes involving genetic manipulation in the current context.
Transgenic cows
Nowadays, with the many abilities of the science, techniques are improving livestock. One of them is the ability to engineer and altered DNA from organisms. These organisms are termed Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) and may be modified one of 3 ways: by alteration of existing gene, by deletion of existing gene or by addition of foreign genetic material. The last one enables the GMO to express the trait coded by the new gene. These organisms are referred to as transgenic.
The aims of transgenesis can be for specific economic traits or for disease models (animals genetically manipulated to exhibit disease symptoms so that effective treatment can be studied).
The transgenic cows are an example of transgenic animals. As a...