Theophilus is the name of a person or an honorary title to whom the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles are addressed. It is generally believed that these texts were originally written in Koine Greek, and that "Theophilos" means "friend of God" in Greek.

Theophilius North is the name of a character in Thornton Wilder's 1973 novel of the same name.

In Gottfried Leibniz's 1704 New Essays on Human Understanding (a chapter-by-chapter rebuttal of John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding), Theophilius is used as the name of the inscribed speaker who represents the views of Leibniz.