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The medieval background. The medieval origin of the Eucharistic dogma ; The Eucharistic sacrifice ; The real presence as conversion ; The real presence as transubstantiation and concomitance ; Medieval criticism of transubstantiation ; Eucharistic piety, devotion, and practice ; The great struggle of the Late Middle Ages --
Luther in his early period (1517-1524). The source of Luther's doctrine on the Lord's Supper ; Criticism of the Roman mass : opus operatum and sacrifice ; Communio sub una and sub utraque ; The real presence ; The fruits of the sacrament --
Zwingli. The background of Zwingli's theology ; Zwingli's understanding of the sacraments ; The new liturgy --
The great controversy. Doctrinal controversies in the church ; The first years (1524-1526) ; The controversy between Zwingli and Luther (1527-1528) --
The Marburg Colloquy. Preparation ; The colloquy ; The result --
The aftermath. The continuation of the controversy ; Martin Bucer and the Wittenburg Concord ; Melanchthon's defection from Lutheran doctrine ; Calvin's attempt to solve the problem of the sacrament ; The decision of the Formula of the concord --
The sacrament and the Lutheran church today. The question ; The answer.