Michael Peter Balzary was born on 16 October 1962 in the Melbourne suburb of Mount Waverley, Victoria. He is of Hungarian and Irish descent. His father, Mick Balzary, an avid fisherman, often took him fishing.[4] When Flea was seven, his family moved to Larchmont, New York for his father's career. In 1971, his parents divorced and his father returned to Australia. Flea and his siblings stayed with their mother Patricia, who soon remarried a jazz musician.[5] Decades later, Flea would receive American citizenship.[6] He was first called "Flea" as a child for his seeming inability to sit still, and the nickname stuck ever since.[7]

Flea's stepfather, Walter Abdul Urban (1941–2011), frequently invited musicians to his house, where jam sessions would often take place. The family moved again to Los Angeles, California, where Flea became fascinated with the trumpet.[8][9] He had no interest in rock music at the time; he idolized jazz musicians like Miles Davis, Louis Armstrong and Dizzy Gillespie.[8] His stepfather was an "aggressive alcoholic", who eventually became involved in shoot-outs with police. "I was raised in a very violent, alcoholic household", Flea later said, "I grew up being terrified of my parents, particularly my father figures. It caused [me] a lot of trouble later in life."[10] To cope, Flea began smoking cannabis at 13, and became a daily user.[11]

Flea, who was then nicknamed Mike B. the Flea, attended Fairfax High School, and was somewhat of an outcast due to his taste in music.[11] However, he soon met Anthony Kiedis, and after a brief confrontation, the two became best friends.[12] Kiedis recalled: "We were drawn to each other by the forces of mischief and love and we became virtually inseparable. We were both social outcasts. We found each other and it turned out to be the longest-lasting friendship of my life."[13] Flea was turned on to rock music by Hillel Slovak, and particularly punk rock by Anthony Kiedis. Originally a jazz trumpet player, Flea learned to play bass from Slovak, who shortly after asked him to be a bassist in his band, Anthym. Flea soon developed his own style and joined the group, but quit several months later in order to play for the punk rock outfit Fear. He then rejoined Slovak to form an intended one-off band: Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem along with Kiedis and Jack Irons, all of them at the time inspired by the free funk band Defunkt and the hip hop act Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five.[14]

The band's concert repertoire grew to nine songs as a result of months of playing at local nightclubs and bars.[15] The Red Hot Chili Peppers entered Bijou Studios to record a demo tape produced by the then-drummer of Fear and subsequently secured a record deal with EMI.[16] Irons and Slovak, however, decided to leave the Red Hot Chili Peppers in order to pursue a "more serious" future with rock band What Is This?[17] Flea ultimately respected the decision, but felt the band would be lost without them. He and Kiedis hired drummer Cliff Martinez and guitarist Jack Sherman to fill Irons's and Slovak's places, respectively.[17]Andy Gill, formerly of Gang of Four, agreed to produce their first album. Gill and Sherman clashed with Flea and Kiedis; they continuously argued over music style, sound, and the album's production.[18] Flea himself felt that the album was stiff and "a big mistake", but also admitted "we [he and Kiedis] were just disrespectful and obnoxious".[19] The band's eponymous debut album, The Red Hot Chili Peppers, was released on 10 August 1984 to largely poor critical and commercial review.[20] After a relatively unfruitful tour, Sherman was fired in early 1985. Slovak, who had been contemplating a return to the Chili Peppers, rejoined the group after being encouraged by Flea.[21]

Funk musician George Clinton was hired to produce the band's second album, Freaky Styley (1985). The strong chemistry between Clinton and the Chili Peppers was felt instantly. Flea later referred to Clinton as "the warmest, kindest man in the world".[22]Freaky Styley was released in August 1985. It received only a bit more attention than The Red Hot Chili Peppers with roughly 75,000 copies sold by year's end.[19] Flea was somewhat indifferent to the poor album sales as he had recently proposed to girlfriend Loesha Zeviar, who was pregnant with their child.[23] The band hired Michael Beinhorn, their last resort among potential producers, to work on their next album.[24] What Is This? had finally disbanded, and drummer Irons returned to the Chili Peppers in mid-1986 after Martinez was fired. Flea, Slovak and Kiedis especially were involved in heavy drug use and their relationships became strained. Flea recalled that "it began to seem ugly to me and not fun; our communication was not healthy".[24] Kiedis became dependent on heroin, leaving Flea and Slovak to work on much of the album's material by themselves.

Kiedis was briefly kicked out of the band, and given a month to rehabilitate. Kiedis completed the rehab and rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers in Los Angeles to record their third album The Uplift Mofo Party Plan (1987).[24] Flea has referred to the album as "the 'rockingest' record" the band has ever made.[24]The Uplift Mofo Party Plan proved to be far more successful, commercially and critically, than the Chili Peppers' preceding albums, registering at number 148 on the Billboard 200.[25] Following the Uplift tour, Slovak's drug use dramatically increased. Flea's relationship with Slovak faded, and Slovak became isolated and depressed.[19] On 28 June 1988, Slovak was found dead of a heroin overdose. Flea reflected: "I didn't really know how to deal with that sadness, and I don't think [Kiedis] knew how to deal with it either."[19] Irons, who was taking Slovak's death particularly hard, left the group.[16]

Flea and Kiedis took some time to collect themselves, but kept the band together. Guitarist DeWayne "Blackbyrd" McKnight and drummer D.H. Peligro were added, and the band entered the studio to record a new album. McKnight soon began to create tension within the group, as his style did not mesh with the rest of the band.[26] Peligro, the former drummer of the punk rock band Dead Kennedys, was a friend of John Frusciante, an eighteen-year-old guitarist and avid Red Hot Chili Peppers fan.[27] Peligro introduced Frusciante to Flea, and the three jammed together on several occasions.[28] Flea was impressed with Frusciante's skill, and astonished by his knowledge of the Chili Peppers' repertoire. Flea realized that Frusciante could provide the spark McKnight was lacking.[29] McKnight was fired, and Frusciante accepted an invitation to join the band.[26] Peligro was fired shortly thereafter; the Chili Peppers brought in drummer Chad Smith as his replacement.[30]

Flea and his wife Loesha started to grow apart, and he began trying to recreate the memories of his adolescence by smoking marijuana on a daily basis.[28] The Chili Peppers entered the studio, and completed recording of their fourth album, Mother's Milk, in early 1989. Upon release, the album was met with mixed reactions from critics, but received far more commercial attention, peaking at number fifty-two on the Billboard 200.[25] After this, Flea made appearances playing the trumpet on Jane's Addiction's 1988 album Nothing's Shocking,[31] and bass on the critically acclaimed 1989 Young MC album Stone Cold Rhymin'. He would also appear in the video for "Bust a Move", the hit single from the same album.[32]

The ensuing Mother's Milk Tour put even further strain on Flea's marriage. In order to make money, he needed to tour, and therefore spent time away from his family.[33] Furthermore, he and Smith were arrested on charges of battery and sexual harassment after a performance on MTV's coverage of spring break;[19] charges were eventually dropped.[33] The band was, however, attracting over three thousand people per show; Mother's Milk had been certified as a gold record in early 1990.[34][35] By the time Red Hot Chili Peppers returned to Los Angeles, Flea and Loesha agreed to a separation.[33] He tried to put the separation out of his mind by smoking marijuana and having sex with random groupies, when the band was on tour for Mother's Milk.[33]

When the successful Mother's Milk tour was over, the Red Hot Chili Peppers severed ties with EMI and signed with Warner Bros. Records.[36]Rick Rubin, who had rejected an opportunity to produce The Uplift Mofo Party Plan, agreed to produce their next album.[37] Flea had largely used the principal slap bass technique on the band's preceding four albums, and decided to downplay this style in favor of more conventional, melodic bass lines.[38] To record the album, Rubin suggested they use a mansion that once belonged to magician Harry Houdini. Flea felt it was "a creatively fertile situation", and decided to bring his daughter Clara with him.[37] He and the rest of the band, excluding Smith, remained inside the house for the entire recording process. When not writing or recording the album, Flea spent a large portion of his time with Frusciante smoking large quantities of marijuana.[37] The emotions Flea felt during the album's recording were like nothing he had ever experienced:[19]

“

When we [the band] made Blood Sugar Sex Magik we spent a lot of time jamming—every day, for hours and hours. I remember during that time Anthony went off and made a movie, and for a long time it was just me, John and Chad, and we'd just go in there and play. Me and John were hitting the bong and we just rocked and grooved forever. It was the first time we went in to make a record where there wasn't this feeling of being sort of intimidated by what was going to happen.

”

When Blood Sugar Sex Magik was released on 24 September 1991, it received an overwhelmingly positive critical response. The album peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 200, and went on to sell over seven million copies in the U.S. alone.[21][25] The album's ensuing tour was critically acclaimed – the Chili Peppers commonly performed shows with over twenty thousand in attendance.[39]Seattle-based grunge band Nirvana also toured with them during the West Coast leg of their United States tour.[39] The massive attention the Chili Peppers started receiving, however, caused Frusciante to feel extremely uncomfortable, and he abruptly quit the band during the Japanese leg of the album's tour.[40]

Following the tour in 1993, Flea was diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome and was ordered to rest for a year.[41] Flea and Kiedis felt it best to fire Marshall due to lack of chemistry and briefly replaced him with Jesse Tobias although his tenure was very short and he was quickly replaced by Jane's Addiction guitarist Dave Navarro, who was once recruited in 1992 to replace Frusciante. The band was ready now to record their next album although Kiedis was in the middle of a heroin relapse, which forced Flea to assume the role of lyricist, something he had not yet done. He wrote most of the song "Transcending", and the intro to "Deep Kick". Flea also wrote the lyrics to an entire song; "Pea", in which he both played bass and sang.[42] These three songs appeared on the Chili Peppers' sixth record One Hot Minute, which was released on 12 September 1995. The album received mixed reviews and was significantly less commercially successful than Blood Sugar Sex Magik.[21] The One Hot Minute Tour was ultimately cut short due to various injuries Kiedis and Smith received, and the Red Hot Chili Peppers decided to go on hiatus. Flea was so miserable that at one point during the tour discussed quitting the band.[43] Flea began to practice Transcendental Meditation[44][45] and yoga, and slowly decreased his marijuana consumption.[43] Due to the Chili Peppers' inactivity, Flea joined Navarro in a Jane's Addiction reunion tour in 1997, filling in for ex-Jane's Addiction bassist Eric Avery. Rumors spread, that the band was breaking up until Navarro stated otherwise: "I want to clarify that the Chili Peppers are not breaking up ... Flea and I are more than happy to do both projects, time permitting."[43]

Flea also had plans to record a solo album. He asked Chili Peppers manager Lindy Goetz to help him promote the record and his future solo career.[43] Flea eventually abandoned the idea in favor of offering his bass services to other artists. He performed on over forty records from 1995 to 1998, ranging from Alanis Morissette's Jagged Little Pill to former Minutemen bassist Mike Watt's debut solo album Ball-Hog or Tugboat?. He also worked with Tori Amos and Michael Stipe on a track for the soundtrack to the 1995 Johnny Depp film Don Juan DeMarco.[46] Navarro was fired from the Chili Peppers in 1998, and Flea questioned whether or not the Red Hot Chili Peppers would stay together: "... the only way I could imagine carrying on is if we got John [Frusciante] back in the band."[47] Frusciante had completed drug rehabilitation in 1997 after a severe addiction to heroin and crack cocaine left him on the brink of death.[48] Flea visited Frusciante in early 1998, inviting him back to the Chili Peppers; an emotional Frusciante readily accepted.[49]

The band, with Frusciante back on guitar, began writing new songs during the summer of 1998 in Flea's garage.[19] He and Kiedis were less confident in writing the album after the disappointing results of One Hot Minute.[19] Flea had also recently broken up with his girlfriend of two years, Marissa Pouw, causing him to enter a state of depression[50] which was only lifted when his daughter, Clara, comforted him after several weeks of crying.[19]

Flea was heavily influenced by electronica during the writing and recording of Californication (1999) and he attempted to emulate this when writing bass lines for the album.[50]Californication took less than two weeks to record; by contrast, One Hot Minute took over a year. When Californication was released on 8 June 1999 it received overwhelmingly positive critical reviews and sold fifteen million copies worldwide – more than Blood Sugar Sex Magik.[19] The Chili Peppers played Woodstock 1999, with Flea playing completely naked – something he would do again at the Reading and Leeds Festivals the same year as well as several other Californication tour concerts.[50]

Red Hot Chili Peppers spent most of 2001 writing their eighth studio album, By the Way (2002). The entire band began listening to more melodic, textured music, that would reflect heavily on the album.[19] Frusciante became the driving force behind By the Way, causing initial strife between him and Flea.[50] If he introduced a funk rhythm into his bass lines Frusciante would consequently disapprove to the point where Flea almost quit the band because he felt his role was no longer important.[50]By the Way was released on 9 July 2002 to positive critical reviews. By the Way would go on to sell over nine million copies worldwide.[51] The ensuing tour was extremely profitable; the Chili Peppers performed three concerts in London's Hyde Park to over 250,000 attendees and a total gross accumulation of US$17.1 million.[52] It became the highest-grossing concert at a single venue in history.[52]

After another two-year world tour, the Chili Peppers wrote their ninth studio album Stadium Arcadium (2006).[53] Unlike By the Way, both Flea and Frusciante were more musically conjoined, when writing the record. They found inspiration in Jimi Hendrix, Jimmy Page, and Eddie Van Halen among others.[54] The double album was ultimately released on 9 May 2006, to generally positive reviews, selling over seven million copies in less than two years.[55] In November 2007, Flea's $4.8 million Corral Canyon home in Malibu was burnt down by a wildfire.[56] The location was not, however, his primary residence[56] and at the time of its destruction was being rented to musician and producer Butch Walker.[57]

After the Chili Peppers announced a long hiatus due to exhaustion, Flea enrolled in music classes at the University of Southern California. Beginning in the fall of 2008, he studied music theory, composition and jazz trumpet. Flea attributed his interest in attending such courses to a newfound desire to widen his appreciation and understanding of music: "it's so much fun to learn this stuff because I never knew anything. I played trumpet in the school bands. I learned things I liked to play on my trumpet but I didn't learn why this note goes with this note and why it produces that sound. Or how to create tension in the composition [...] Knowing the structure is really fun."[58] Flea also revealed plans to release a mainly instrumental solo record, recorded in his home; guest musicians include Patti Smith and a choir from the Silverlake Conservatory.[58]

In 2009, Flea joined Atoms for Peace, a supergroup formed by Radiohead singer Thom Yorke to perform songs from his debut solo album, The Eraser (2006).[59] The band toured the United States in 2010.[60][61] After the tour, Atoms for Peace spent three days jamming and recording original material in Los Angeles. This became the band's debut album, Amok,[62] released on 25 February 2013, through XL Recordings.[63] The album was followed that year by a tour of Europe, the US, and Japan.[64]

The Chili Peppers ended their hiatus in October 2009 without Frusciante, who quit the band in order to pursue other musical interests. He was replaced by Josh Klinghoffer. The band began rehearsing and writing for their tenth studio album.[65][66]

In June 2011, Flea announced that he was giving away a personally customized bass guitar covered with graffiti and a one-on-one bass lesson as a prize in an eBay auction. The auction will benefit Style Wars, a 1983 documentary on early hip hop. The auction will raise money for restoring the film's negatives. Brad Pitt, James Franco, and Spike Jonze also took part in the auction, which ended on 11 June 2011.[68]

In a 23 June 2011 interview, Flea discussed the band's return and how he almost quit the Chili Peppers during their hiatus. Flea said, that he just felt like he wanted to take two years away just to really look and see if the band was "something we should still be doing". "Things had gotten dysfunctional and not fun, even though I thought we were making great records, doing great shows and were a really powerful, mighty thing as a band. I was proud of what we did." "For me, the biggest thing during the time off, and what really made me want to continue doing the band, specifically after decided he didn't want to continue in the band anymore, [was] I just realized, Anthony, man, he's my brother, I love him so much, and we started this band when we were kids. I wanted to keep that going, I never want to let that go. Playing with him is something, even though I can do other things that are exciting and beautiful and I always will do those things and I'll always want to grow and do music outside of the band, the thing that we have is special to us and something that is blood."[69]

The Red Hot Chili Peppers released their tenth studio album, I'm with You on 29 August 2011.

On 27 October 2011, it was announced that Flea's side-project with Damon Albarn and afrobeat legend, Tony Allen would be called Rocket Juice & the Moon. According to Albarn, on where the band's name came from, someone in Lagos did the sleeve design and that's the name he gave it, which he said he is fine with, because trying to find a name for another band is always tricky. The band made their live debut on 29 October 2011, in London and their debut album was released in 2012.[71]

On 7 December 2011, the Red Hot Chili Peppers were announced as 2012 inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Flea commented on the induction by saying, "It's always been easy for me to pooh-pooh these awards – the [Rock] Hall of Fame too. But I inducted Metallica a couple of years ago, and it was really a beautiful thing to see as all these people were being inducted. It made me love it. I love halls of fame anyway – the Basketball Hall of Fame, the Baseball Hall of Fame. So I feel grateful for the recognition of what we have done and for the hope and potential of what we'll continue to do."[72]

The debut album by Rocketjuice and the Moon was released on 12 March 2012.[73]

Flea performing with the Red Hot Chili Peppers in 2012

On 19 July 2012, Flea released a solo EP, Helen Burns, composed mainly of instrumental tracks, except the title track (which Patti Smith sang on) and "Lovelovelove", which features the Silverlake Conservatory of Music's kids and adults choir. It is Flea's first solo release, who has only released solo songs previously on soundtracks and other projects. Flea said of the EP "I am putting it out to raise money for the Silverlake Conservatory of Music, a community based non-profit music school that I am an integral part of." The download of the EP is available at "a name your own price" on the Silverlake Conservatory website and will be made available through all major digital outlets 9 August 2012.[74]

On 16 October 2012, his 50th birthday, Flea gave an interview with CNN discussing the Chili Peppers and was asked if he plans to continue with them. Flea responded by saying "I love the Chili Peppers, and I would love to. If there's anything I know, it's every time you start making plans, you don't know what's going to come up next. Anything can happen. So I love being in the Chili Peppers and it's my home, and I've been doing it for more than half my life. Of course, during the course of doing it, there's been all kinds of ups and downs, and moments of extreme (positivity), floating on clouds of greatness, and times of just groveling, and misery, and uncertainty, and anger, and love and all those things. Like being in a family. I really can't predict. But I love being in it for now, and right now, about as far as I'm thinking is getting through this tour that we're doing, performing at the highest level possible, then hunkering down and writing another record."[75]

It was announced on 1 April 2014 that Flea was in the process of writing his own personal memoir which will be released through Grand Central Publishing. No release date has been set or a title for the book which according to the press release will detail Flea's younger years as a rebellious teenager on the streets of L.A. where he befriends fellow high school classmate, Anthony Kiedis, Hillel Slovak and Jack Irons and forms the Red Hot Chili Peppers. The book will detail his long and sometimes complex friendship and collaboration with Kiedis, his drug usage and the tumultuous creative journey of the band.[76]

On 9 April 2014, it was revealed that Flea was working on a new musical project titled Antemasque, with former Mars Volta members Cedric Bixler-Zavala, Omar Rodríguez-López, and Dave Elitch. Two songs were released in early April though Flea has confirmed that he is not a member of the band and just recorded a few songs with them.[77][78] Antemasque released their self-titled debut album on 15 July 2014.

Flea announced through his Twitter page in January 2015 that Danger Mouse would be producing the next Chili Peppers studio album which the band was getting ready to record. For unknown reasons, the post was quickly removed.

In February 2015, Flea posted photos to his Instagram page showing that he had broken his arm during a skiing trip. His injury delayed the recording of the Chili Peppers eleventh studio album for six months with production expected to resume in mid-August according to Flea, who said on 3 August, he was now healed enough to play bass again and continue recording.[80]

From 1988 to 1990, Flea was married to Loesha Zeviar (Loesha's name still remains tattooed on Flea's chest). Together they had one daughter, Clara Balzary, who was born in 1988. Clara has been featured in many Chili Peppers books and documentaries including the band's Funky Monks documentary. She also has appeared at many shows and as a child even provided artwork for the band's T-shirts and promotional material.[81] She has also documented the band's I'm With You tour through photographs and videos. As an adult, Clara was most recently in the short-lived band the Tints[82] and is also an aspiring artist and photographer, taking the promotional photographs for the new Red Hot Chili Peppers record.[83][84]

Flea married for the second time in 2005 to model Frankie Rayder who was once named GQ Magazine's sexiest woman in the world. They had their first child together, Sunny Bebop Balzary, who was born in 2005.[85][86] The song "Hard to Concentrate" on the Chili Peppers' 2006 album, Stadium Arcadium was written by Kiedis as a wedding proposal to Flea and Rayder.

Flea was close friends with actor River Phoenix and was with him on 31 October 1993, the night he died of a drug overdose, even riding in the ambulance to the hospital with him. The song "Transcending" on One Hot Minute was a tribute to Phoenix written by Flea.[87]

In the 2011 documentary The Other F Word, Flea discussed the joys of being a father by saying "It's funny how you always hear people saying that classic parent attitude of, 'I brought you into this world, I gave you life!' You know, it's just, I think, completely the opposite. My kids gave me life. They gave me a reason."[88]

Flea and the Chili Peppers appeared in 1990 PSA ads for Rock the Vote, a non-profit organization created to encourage 18- to 24-year-olds in the United States to vote in the upcoming presidential election.

In 2001, he founded the Silverlake Conservatory of Music, a school dedicated to help youth progress in music, because of this.[91][92] "I just wanted to fill the void that public education has cut from their curriculum. They've dropped the ball by cutting out music programs", Flea laments, "I grew up in LA public schools and was in the music department. It was really an important thing for my life, it gave me something to hold onto, and it was an important access for me. Without music I would've gotten into a lot of trouble and there are a lot of kids like me out there. I just wanted to try to provide something like what I got."[91] Flea felt the public school system was seriously lacking in exposing children to music by drastically reducing, and sometimes eliminating, art-related programs.[91]

In September 2005, the Chili Peppers performed "Under the Bridge" at the ReAct Now: Music & Relief benefit which was held to raise money for victims of Hurricane Katrina. $30 million was raised during the live event which was broadcast across the world on various television networks and online.

In October 2008, Flea (along with his daughter Sunny Bebop) appeared in a Vote for Change ad voicing his support for Barack Obama for president of the United States in the upcoming election.[93]

On 20 March 2011, Flea ran the LA Marathon to raise money for the Silverlake Conservatory of Music through Crowdrise.[94] Flea was also featured in Runner's World magazine discussing his preparation for the race.[95]

The Chili Peppers performed a free concert in downtown Cleveland, Ohio on 15 April 2012, in support of President Barack Obama's re-election campaign.

On 11 May 2013, the Chili Peppers performed a special concert in Portland, Oregon for the Dalai Lama as part of the Dalai Lama Environmental Summit. According to the press release, "The musical element of this event is intended to be a display of joyful celebration and an inspiration to future generations to care for our planet. The Red Hot Chili Peppers have been great supporters of the Tibetan cause, of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, and of the need to work to protect and preserve our environment."

On 19 August 2014, Flea posted a video to his Twitter page where he accepted the Ice Bucket Challenge. Chad Smith did the honors of pouring a trash can of ice water onto Flea.[96]

In May 2015, Flea reached out to fans to help donate to the Special Olympics. Two lucky fans will be selected to be flown out to meet Flea for private bass lessons. Other prizes such an exclusive T-shirts, personalized video from Flea, tickets to a Red Hot Chili Peppers concert and various autographed items by Flea are available.[97]

Flea took to his Facebook page in anger speaking out about 19 May Santa Barbara oil spill that pumped 100,000 gallons of crude oil into the Pacific Ocean. Flea was at the beach with his young daughter when she stepped in a tar ball. Flea wrote "Dear plains all American pipeline, my daughter just dared step on the beach for a few minutes where we live about 75 miles from the Santa Barbara oil spill you caused. She got your oil shit product all over her feet." Flea stated he can no longer surf there or take his daughter to the beach further saying "Some kid in the hood who made a mistake selling drugs will go to jail and have his life ruined but you, you evil lying scumbags will get away with a paltry fine that means nothing to you. You could have had a shut off valve but you saved cash there too. You are the worst kind of human beings, I am infuriated you disgust me."[98]

Flea has been very outspoken towards guns and gun violence, sometimes speaking about it during Chili Peppers shows. He often expresses his anger on his Twitter page. In 2013, he said "why anyone would ever want to own an automatic weapon I will never ever understand. it's a pathetic useless concept for sick people. Automatic, semi automatic, I don't care. I'm against em........ Melt em all down turn em into sculptures there is no need for them on earth. In many countries, the cops have no guns and they do perfectly fine. No civilians should be allowed to have guns. none. and I don't think the cops should have guns either. change the constitution".[99] Following the racially motivated Charleston church shooting in June 2015, Flea again voiced his anger towards gun violence saying "You are kidding me. This is too much. Humans are an over rated species. Sick. God help us." and "The USA land where any sick madman can easily get a gun. disgusting, deplorable, unbelievable."[100]

In August 2015, Flea added an apiary in his backyard which includes three beehives and over 200,000 bees in his backyard in efforts to restore the honeybee population. Flea commented on his new obsession with beekeeping by saying "Deep to the hive super organism. I love my bees. Flea’s bees."[101]

Flea took part in the Pathways to Paris concert in December 2015. The all-star event aimed to raise awareness about the urgency of climate action and coincides with the UN Climate Change Conference in Paris.

The Chili Peppers performed at a fundraiser on behalf the non-profit San Diego Foundation on 27 September 2015. All money was donated to ARTS — A Reason To Survive, Heartbeat Music Academy, San Diego Young Artists Music Academy, and the Silverlake Conservatory of Music

Flea along with bandmate Anthony Kiedis hosted an annual benefit for the Silverlake Conservatory of Music on 17 October 2015. The event, which cost $2,500 and was limited to 300 tickets also included dinner and a silent auction. The Chili Peppers performed a rare acoustic set and John Legend headlined the event.

In February 2016, the Chili Peppers performed at a "Feel the Bern" fundraiser in support of presidential candidate Bernie Sanders. Flea said, "Bernie Sanders is the only remotely reasonable candidate for President of the United States." [103]

In August 2016, Flea paid a visit to see Koko the gorilla and to also raise awareness for The Gorilla Foundation. The foundation said of Flea's visit "One of Koko's favorite musicians, Flea from the Red Hot Chili Peppers came to visit. Koko was thrilled by the mellow sounds and a jamming session followed with Koko strumming on Flea's bass!"[104][105]

In 2009 Flea founded The FleaBass company with the goal to create quality budget basses for beginners. Whilst Flea did not perform with his own FleaBass production model he did however use a custom model created by UK artist Damien Hirst.

“Damien actually made me a bass, a butterfly bass, it’s a beautiful thing. “It’s not just a piece of art to hang on a wall. The whole new album I play on it. This bass is kind of heavy for live — I don’t play Fenders that much live — but it’s beautiful”. [109]

From “The Getaway” world tour beginning June 2016. Flea was back on the road with three Custom Shop Fender Jazz basses.

Silver Jazz (Sticker of the Helmets on the body)

Road worn pink Jazz

Lakers Jazz (Purple with Lakers decal on the body)

These basses have a Jazz style body, Lane Poor Legacy pickup, 18 volt Aguliar OBP-1 preamp and a graphite reinforced neck created by Fenders Jason Smith. The Silver Jazz is Fleas' current #1 main tour bass, replacing his Modulus basses in the process.

Flea performing with the Red Hot Chili Peppers at the 2012 Rock in Rio festival in Madrid

Flea has displayed a wide variety of techniques throughout the years, ranging from his initial use of slapping and popping to the more traditional methods he has employed since Blood Sugar Sex Magik. Greg Prato of Allmusic has noted, that "by combining funk-style bass with psychedelic, punk, and hard rock, Flea created an original playing style that has been copied numerous times". Flea stated in an interview, that he was influenced greatly by Louis Armstrong.[9] Flea has been considered one of the greatest bassists of all time, with Greg Tate of Rolling Stone saying "if there were a Most Valuable Bass Player award given out in rock, Flea could have laid claim to that bitch ten years running".[113]Smashing Pumpkins front man Billy Corgan recalls, that when he first saw the Chili Peppers in 1984, "Flea was playing so aggressively that he had worn a hole in his thumb and he was literally screaming in pain in-between songs because it hurt so bad. Someone kept coming out and pouring crazy glue into the hole."[16] Flea's sound is also determined by what type of instrument he plays. Before Californication, he did not believe the actual bass held much significance: "what mattered was how you hit them [basses] and your emotional intent, and I still think that's the bottom line."[114] Flea owns a 1961 Fender Jazz Bass, treasuring it for its "old wood sound".[114]

Flea's bass playing has changed considerably throughout the years. When he joined Fear, his technique centered largely on punk rock bass lines;[116] however, he was to change this style when the Red Hot Chili Peppers formed. He began to incorporate a "slap" bass style that drew influence largely from Bootsy Collins.[17] However, this technique caused Flea to receive attention from the music world and was often copied, and he, therefore, felt it necessary to almost completely remove slap-bass styles from his repertoire following Mother's Milk (1989).[9] Consequently, Blood Sugar Sex Magik (1991) saw a notable shift in style as it featured less of his signature technique and more styles that focused on traditional and melodic roots.[117] His intellectual beliefs on how to play the instrument were also altered: "I was trying to play simply on Blood Sugar Sex Magik because I had been playing too much prior to that, so I thought, 'I've really got to chill out and play half as many notes'. When you play less, it's more exciting—there's more room for everything. If I do play something busy, it stands out, instead of the bass being a constant onslaught of notes. Space is good."[117]

During the writing and recording of One Hot Minute (1995), Flea integrated some use of slap-bass progressions, but continued to center his technique around the philosophy of "less is more" rather than complexity: "I can't even think of anything I played that was complex [on the record]; even the slapping stuff is simple. It's original-sounding, and I'm proud of that – but what I played was more a matter of aesthetic choice."[117] This led Flea to alter the way he wrote music by playing alone, instead of the jam sessions that would dictate how the band conceived songs: "[One Hot Minute] is the least jam-oriented record we've made. I mean, we definitely jammed on the ideas, but there's only one groove on the whole album that came from a jam, 'Deep Kick'. The rest of it came from my sitting down with a guitar or bass."[117]

Flea became interested in electronica during the Californication (1999) era and he attempted to emulate the same atmosphere given off by synthesizers into his bass playing: "I feel the most exciting music happening is electronica, without a doubt."[50] He ultimately decided against this, acknowledging that, aside from Frusciante, the band was not moving in the same direction.[50]

In By the Way (2002), many of the bass-lines were entirely stripped of funk. Flea felt the chords Frusciante had written were not supportive of his typical technique; furthermore, he does not feel the musical direction of the record was specifically melodic, but instead "... a result of each one of us being who we are. The way we [the band] compose music is a very communal thing."[118]

Flea has pursued a minor acting career since the mid-1980s. His first role was as young punk Razzle in the Penelope Spheeris film Suburbia (1984). Shortly thereafter he starred alongside the Chili Peppers, who played themselves, in the skate drama Thrashin' (1986). He played the ill-fated punker Milo in another Penelope Spheeris film, Dudes (1987). He also made an appearance in the Bruce Weber documentary film about the life and career of jazz trumpeter Chet Baker entitled Let's Get Lost (1988). He portrayed the character Douglas J Needles in Back to the Future Part II (1989) and Back to the Future Part III (1990), though in an interview he referred to Part II as "a multi-million dollar piece of trash", saying that he was happy neither with the film nor his performance in it.[120]

In 1991, the Red Hot Chili Peppers released a black and white film documenting the recording of Blood Sugar Sex Magik titled Funky Monks. They have released two video concerts, Off the Map in 2001 and Live at Slane Castle in 2003—the latter of which had over eighty thousand attendees.[122]

Flea has also appeared in television broadcasts with Red Hot Chili Peppers on several occasions. Several months before Frusciante's departure in 1992, the band performed two songs on Saturday Night Live – Kiedis felt the show was an embarrassment due to the guitarist; he believed, that Frusciante purposely played the song out of tune and incorrectly.[43][123] Later that year, the band appeared in the popular animated comedy The Simpsons on the episode "Krusty Gets Kancelled". At Woodstock 1994, Kiedis proposed the band perform the first few songs in metallic suits with giant light bulbs placed on their heads.[124] Flea was initially reluctant but eventually agreed: "... when we got to play, the energy of the whole thing took over."[125]

Flea had a cameo appearance in a 2017 episode of the FOX series Family Guy, titled " Peters Def Jam ". In a scene where Stewie said to his dog Brian that thanks to him, there's a recurring flea problem in Stewie's room, Flea enters and drops a bass line on his guitar. He asks Brian if he wants to hang out, but Stewie kicks Flea out of the room.

1.
Rock am Ring and Rock im Park
–
The Rock am Ring and Rock im Park festivals are two simultaneous rock music festivals held annually. While Rock am Ring takes place at Mendig on an old airbase, Rock im Park takes place at the Zeppelinfeld in Nuremberg, both festivals are usually regarded as one event with a mostly identical lineup for both festivals. All artists perform one day at Mendig and another day in Nuremberg during the three-day event, there have been minor exceptions in the past years where an artist would be announced for one of the festivals only. However, after a dip in attendance for the 1988 event, in 1991, the festival returned with a new concept, as well as featuring well-known artists, event organizers present lesser known up-and-coming bands to the public. In 1993, Rock im Park took place for the first time in Vienna, for the 1994 event, Rock im Park moved to the disused Munich-Riem airport, and the following year to Munichs Olympiastadion, where it found a home for the 1995 and 1996 event. 1997 Rock im Park moved to Nurembergs Frankenstadion where it was held until the venue was unavailable in 2004 because the stadium was being renovated for the 2006 Football World Cup. Since 2004 the venue moved again to the current Zeppellinfeld, where Rock im Park was since held with the exception of the 2006 festival, the 2007 festival was used in a science experiment to test the effects of large bodies of people simultaneously jumping. The experiment data was used to calculate the result if the entire Chinese population were to jump in unison, the experiment concluded no significant results would come from the theoretical event. After 29 editions of Rock am Ring, the new owner of the Nürburgring decided that the contract wont be extended, the festival continued at another location in 2015. The 2008 festival took place on 6–8 June 2008,91 acts have been officially confirmed. Both festivals were sold out on 1 May, confirmed acts,3 Doors Down,36 Crazyfists, Against Me. Glory of Joanns MySpace profile lists them as performing at Rock am Ring, the headling acts for 2009 were Limp Bizkit, Slipknot, The Prodigy, KoЯn, Marilyn Manson, The Killers, Placebo and Billy Talent. Other bands included 2raumwohnung, Alexisonfire, All That Remains,1, Juliette Lewis, Kettcar, Kilians, Killswitch Engage, Kitty, Daisy & Lewis, Little Man Tate, Machine Head, Madina Lake, Madness, Mando Diao, M. I. A. The headliners for the 2011 festival were System of a Down, motörhead, The Offspring, Opeth, Periphery, Shinedown, Skrillex, Soundgarden, Tenacious D, The Subways, and Trivium. Headliners, Linkin Park, Metallica, Iron Maiden, Kings Of Leon. 1, John Newman, Karnivool, Klangkarussell Live, Kvelertak, Left Boy, Mando Diao, Marteria, Mastodon, Maximo Park, Milky Chance, Nine Inch Nails, Of Mice & Men, Opeth, Portugal. The Man, Queens Of The Stone Age, Rob Zombie, Rudimental, SDP, Sierra Kidd, Slayer, Suicide Silence, Teesy, Triggerfinger, headliners, Foo Fighters, Die Toten Hosen, Slipknot, Motionless in White. Official Rock am Ring site Official Rock im Park site Ringrocker. com Parkrocker. net Rockpalast – Rock am Ring 2007 Rock am Ring live sets audio files archive, Rockpalast broadcast

2.
Melbourne, Victoria
–
Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. It has a population of 4,641,636 as of 2016, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians. Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemens Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named Melbourne by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria, to whom Lord Melbourne was close, in 1847, during the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the worlds largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the interim seat of government until 1927. It is a financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a centre for street art, music. It was the host city of the 1956 Summer Olympics and the 2006 Commonwealth Games, the main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport, the second busiest in Australia. The Port of Melbourne is Australias busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo, Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropolitan train terminus is Flinders Street Station, and the regional train. Melbourne is also home to Australias most extensive network and has the worlds largest urban tram network. Before the arrival of settlers, humans had occupied the area for an estimated 31,000 to 40,000 years. At the time of European settlement, it was inhabited by under 2000 hunter-gatherers from three indigenous tribes, the Wurundjeri, Boonwurrung and Wathaurong. The area was an important meeting place for the clans of the Kulin nation alliance and it would be 30 years before another settlement was attempted. Batman selected a site on the bank of the Yarra River. Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania, in early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize

3.
Australia
–
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east, and New Zealand to the south-east. Australias capital is Canberra, and its largest urban area is Sydney, for about 50,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century, Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages classifiable into roughly 250 groups. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, and by the 1850s most of the continent had been explored, on 1 January 1901, the six colonies federated, forming the Commonwealth of Australia. Australia has since maintained a liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy comprising six states. The population of 24 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard, Australia has the worlds 13th-largest economy and ninth-highest per capita income. With the second-highest human development index globally, the country highly in quality of life, health, education, economic freedom. The name Australia is derived from the Latin Terra Australis a name used for putative lands in the southern hemisphere since ancient times, the Dutch adjectival form Australische was used in a Dutch book in Batavia in 1638, to refer to the newly discovered lands to the south. On 12 December 1817, Macquarie recommended to the Colonial Office that it be formally adopted, in 1824, the Admiralty agreed that the continent should be known officially as Australia. The first official published use of the term Australia came with the 1830 publication of The Australia Directory and these first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. The Torres Strait Islanders, ethnically Melanesian, were originally horticulturists, the northern coasts and waters of Australia were visited sporadically by fishermen from Maritime Southeast Asia. The first recorded European sighting of the Australian mainland, and the first recorded European landfall on the Australian continent, are attributed to the Dutch. The first ship and crew to chart the Australian coast and meet with Aboriginal people was the Duyfken captained by Dutch navigator, Willem Janszoon. He sighted the coast of Cape York Peninsula in early 1606, the Dutch charted the whole of the western and northern coastlines and named the island continent New Holland during the 17th century, but made no attempt at settlement. William Dampier, an English explorer and privateer, landed on the north-west coast of New Holland in 1688, in 1770, James Cook sailed along and mapped the east coast, which he named New South Wales and claimed for Great Britain. The first settlement led to the foundation of Sydney, and the exploration, a British settlement was established in Van Diemens Land, now known as Tasmania, in 1803, and it became a separate colony in 1825. The United Kingdom formally claimed the part of Western Australia in 1828. Separate colonies were carved from parts of New South Wales, South Australia in 1836, Victoria in 1851, the Northern Territory was founded in 1911 when it was excised from South Australia

4.
Funk rock
–
Funk rock is a fusion genre that mixes elements of funk and rock. Funk rock is a fusion of funk and rock, many instruments may be incorporated into the music, but the overall sound is defined by a definitive bass or drum beat and electric guitars. The bass and drum rhythms are influenced by funk music but with more intensity, while the guitar can be funk- or rock-influenced, usually with distortion. Jimi Hendrix was the first well-known recording artist to combine the rhythms, perhaps the earliest example is his song Little Miss Lover. His live album Band of Gypsys features funky riffs and rhythms throughout and his album also included a couple of funk rock songs such as Freedom, Izabella. George Clinton has been considered the godfather of this genre since 1970, Clinton created the name P-Funk for the innovative new concepts of funk that he culled from former members of James Browns band and new young players such as Eddie Hazel. His groups, Funkadelic and Parliament, practically defined funk since the release of the funk rock Funkadelic classic Maggot Brain. Later funk rock albums by the group include Cosmic Slop, Standing on the Verge of Getting It On, Hardcore Jollies and Lets Take It to the Stage. Later albums such as One Nation Under a Groove and Electric Spanking of War Babies had a bit more radio-friendly sound and this work served as the primary influence on an entire generation of funk and hip hop artists from the Red Hot Chili Peppers to Snoop Dogg. Other pioneers of funk rock evolved in the 1970s in the music of the British rock band Trapeze, Certain Racio and American artists Rick Derringer, Redbone, Shotgun, Mothers Finest and Black Nasty. Grand Funk Railroad pioneered the bass driven hard rock style in 1970 so well portrayed in their song Inside Looking Out. Also singer-model Betty Davis recorded important funk rock albums, the funk rock acts were not favoured by R&B recording companies. For example, guitarists of Chic wanted to be a funk rock band like Kiss. Despite its considerable influence on popular music, funk rock was not very visible phenomenon during the 1970s. Only a few rock acts could be seen on record charts. Also, when Glenn Hughes left Trapeze and joined Deep Purple along with David Coverdale, when Ritchie Blackmore left Deep Purple in 1975, the bands next album Come Taste the Band with Tommy Bolin was even more funky than its predecessor Stormbringer. However, Deep Purple broke up in 1976 and Tommy Bolin died from a drug overdose, One famous funk rock song of the period was Another One Bites the Dust by British rock icons Queen. This is often characterized by a driving bass-line which is played over a guitar track occasionally punctuated by metal-like riffs

5.
Alternative rock
–
Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years

6.
Funk metal
–
Funk metal is a subgenre of funk rock and alternative metal which infuses heavy metal music with elements of funk. It was prevalent in the mainstream during the late 1980s and early 1990s, the genre has been described as a brief but extremely media-hyped stylistic fad. According to AllMusic, funk metal takes the loud guitars and riffs of heavy metal and melds them to the bass lines. AllMusic has claimed that funk metal evolved in the mid-80s when alternative bands like the Red Hot Chili Peppers, the self-titled 1984 debut album from Red Hot Chili Peppers has been cited as the first funk metal release. Faith No More have been described as a metal band that dabbled in rap-metal. Rage Against the Machines mix of funk and metal not only included rap, certain bands not from a punk/alternative background, such as glam metal groups Bang Tango and Extreme, have also frequently incorporated funk into their musical style. Bands such as Primus and Mordred emerged from the metal underground. Primus, a band that many genres, has been widely described as funk metal. Claypool has stated Weve been lumped in with the funk metal thing just about everywhere, I guess people just have to categorise you. Living Colour have been cited by Rolling Stone as black funk metal pioneers, entertainment Weekly noted in a May 1991 article that Despite the rise of black rockers like Living Colour, the American funk-metal scene is predominantly white. The success of Faith No Mores 1989 single Epic helped heighten interest in the genre, mark Jenkins of The Washington Post claimed in an 1991 article that much of it sounds like art rock. By the latter part of the 90s, the genre was represented by a group of bands, including Incubus. During 2001, Alien Ant Farm released a hugely successful funk metal cover of Michael Jacksons Smooth Criminal, in 2016, Vice Magazine referred to funk metal as a mostly-forgotten and occasionally-maligned genre. Mr. Bungle guitarist Trey Spruance mentioned his fondness for the genre in a 2007 interview, when asked if he thought it would make a comeback, he stated Fuckin revisionists probably wont think its cool enough. Theyll go straight for the flannels and heroin, dimery, Robert, ed.1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die

7.
Jazz
–
Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements

8.
Experimental rock
–
Experimental rock is a subgenre of rock music which pushes the boundaries of common composition and performance technique or which experiments with the basic elements of the genre. From its inception, rock music was experimental, but it wasnt until the late 1960s that rock artists began creating extended, in 1967, the genre was as commercially viable as pop music, but by 1970, most of its leading players had incapacitated themselves in some form. In Germany, the krautrock subgenre merged elements of improvisation and psychedelic rock with avant-garde, later in the 1970s, significant musical crossbreeding took place in tandem with the developments of punk and new wave, DIY experimentation, and electronic music. Funk, jazz-rock, and fusion rhythms became integrated into experimental rock music. The first wave of 1980s experimental rock groups had few precedents for their sound. Later in the decade, avant-rock pursued a psychedelic aesthetic that differed from the self-consciousness, during the 1990s, a loose movement known as post-rock became the dominant form of experimental rock. As of the 2010s, the experimental rock has fallen to indiscriminate use, with virtually every modern rock band being categorized under prefixes such as post-, kraut-, psych-. Although experimentation had always existed in music, it wasnt until the late 1960s that new openings were created from the aesthetic intersecting with the social. In 1966, the boundaries between pop music and the avant-garde began to blur as rock albums were conceived and executed as distinct, self-taught rock musicians in the middle and late 1960s drew from the work of composers such as John Cage, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Luciano Berio. In addition, The Quietus Ben Graham described duos the Silver Apples, calling attention to the very recordedness of the album. This would also be reflected in contemporary experimental rock LPs, such as the Beach Boys Pet Sounds and Smile, the Whos The Who Sell Out and Tommy. The Velvet Underground were a group in experimental rock, according to Rosenberg. Peppers inspired a new consideration for experimental rock as commercially viable music, as progressive rock developed, experimental rock acquired notoriety alongside art rock. By 1970, most of the musicians which had been at the forefront of rock had incapacitated themselves. Groups such as Can, Faust, Neu, the ideas of minimalism and composers such as Stockhausen would be particularly influential. During this era, funk, jazz-rock, and fusion rhythms became integrated into experimental rock music, some groups who were categorized as post-punk considered themselves part of an experimental rock trajectory, with This Heat as one of the prominent players. Anderson claims that the no wave scene represented New York’s last stylistically cohesive avant-rock movement, steve Redhead noted the resuscitation of New Yorks avant-rock scene, including artists such as Sonic Youth and John Zorn, in the 1980s. In the late 1980s, avant-rock pursued a frazzled, psychedelia-tinged, blissed out aesthetic that differed from the self-consciousness, the UK shoegaze scene was seen by some as a continuation of an experimental rock tradition

9.
Punk rock
–
Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and often political, anti-establishment lyrics. Punk embraces a DIY ethic, many bands self-produce recordings and distribute them through informal channels, the term punk was first used in relation to rock music by some American critics in the early 1970s, to describe garage bands and their devotees. The following year saw punk rock spreading around the world, for the most part, punk took root in local scenes that tended to reject association with the mainstream. An associated punk subculture emerged, expressing youthful rebellion and characterized by distinctive styles of clothing and adornment, by the beginning of the 1980s, faster, more aggressive styles such as hardcore and street punk had become the predominant mode of punk rock. Musicians identifying with or inspired by punk also pursued a range of other variations, giving rise to post-punk. At the end of the 20th century, punk rock had been adopted by the mainstream, as pop punk and punk bands such as Green Day. The first wave of rock was aggressively modern, distancing itself from the bombast. According to Ramones drummer Tommy Ramone, In its initial form, unfortunately, what happens is that people who could not hold a candle to the likes of Hendrix started noodling away. Soon you had endless solos that went nowhere, by 1973, I knew that what was needed was some pure, stripped down, no bullshit rock n roll. In critic Robert Christgaus description, It was also a subculture that rejected the political idealism. Technical accessibility and a DIY spirit are prized in punk rock, in the early days of punk rock, this ethic stood in marked contrast to what those in the scene regarded as the ostentatious musical effects and technological demands of many mainstream rock bands. Musical virtuosity was often looked on with suspicion, according to Holmstrom, punk rock was rock and roll by people who didnt have very many skills as musicians but still felt the need to express themselves through music. In December 1976, the English fanzine Sideburns published an illustration of three chords, captioned This is a chord, this is another, this is a third. The title of a 1980 single by the New York punk band Stimulators, inscribed a catchphrase for punks basic musical approach. The previous year, when the rock revolution began in Great Britain, was to be both a musical and a cultural Year Zero. As a Clash associate describes singer Joe Strummers outlook, Punk rock is meant to be our freedom, were meant to be able to do what we want to do. Scholar Daniel S. Traber argues that attaining authenticity in the identity can be difficult, as the punk scene matured, he observes

10.
Jazz-funk
–
Jazz-funk is a subgenre of jazz music characterized by a strong back beat, electrified sounds and an early prevalence of analog synthesizers. Jazz-funk is primarily an American genre, where it was throughout the 1970s and the early 1980s. Similar genres include soul jazz and jazz fusion, but neither entirely overlap with jazz-funk, notably jazz-funk is less vocal, more arranged and featured more improvisation than soul jazz, and retains a strong feel of groove and R&B versus some of the jazz fusion production. An extension of the field, jazz-funk exhibits several distinctive characteristics. A first is the departure from ternary rhythm, i. e. the swing, to the more danceable and unfamiliar binary rhythm, known as the groove. Hence this new jazz types association with funk, a genre that created this groove rhythm, the ARP Odyssey, ARP String Ensemble and Hohner D6 Clavinet also became popular at the time. A third feature is the shift of proportions between composition and improvisation, arrangements, melody, and overall writing were heavily emphasised. In a nutshell this is a departure from post bop and free or modal jazz back to a more structured music, at its conception, the jazz-funk genre was occasionally looked down upon by jazz hard-liners as a sell-out, or jazz for the dancehalls. It was unsubstantially presumed by these to be not intellectual or elite enough, which led to controversy about the crossing over. The jazz-funk community absorbed the sound of the funk rhythm. From a jazz perspective, the ambivalence towards the jazz-funk genre arose – despite commercial success – because it was too jazzy, disdained by a part of the jazz community and its inability to top the pop charts, jazz-funk had a long hard time to establish itself. Eddie Henderson, Donald Byrd and Herbie Hancock are seldom challenged as major influences on jazz, the Mizell Brothers have received official accolades from the industry and are being listened to widely. Their work has also sampled in more modern music. It is also worth noting that the famous acid jazz movement is often seen as a rediscovery of 1970s jazz-funk. One of the most blatant examples is the band US3, who were signed to Acid Jazz Records founded by Peterson and Eddie Piller. US3 covered Cantaloupe Island, originally recorded by Herbie Hancock, and reissue of rare grooves from the era, led by DJ Peterson, contemporary jazz artists have also contributed to the rediscovery, most notably Nathan Haines and Courtney Pine. Examples of artists that explored jazz-funk, soul jazz, or jazz rock are Miles Davis, Jimmy Smith, Herbie Mann, The Headhunters, Herbie Hancock, Funk Inc. Lalo Schifrin, Quincy Jones, Michael Henderson, Monk Higgins, David Axelrod, Sun Ra, Roy Ayers, Azymuth, Gary Bartz NTU Troop, George Benson, The Brecker Bros

11.
Hardcore punk
–
Hardcore punk is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock, New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor. Hardcore punk generally disavows commercialism, the music industry and anything similar to the characteristics of mainstream rock. Hardcore sprouted underground scenes across the United States in the early 1980s, particularly in Washington, New York, New Jersey, and Boston—as well as in Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom. Hardcore has spawned the straight movement and its associated submovements, hardline. Hardcore was heavily involved with the rise of the independent record labels in the 1980s and it has also influenced various music genres that have experienced widespread commercial success, including alternative rock, thrash metal, emo and metalcore. While traditional hardcore has never experienced mainstream success, some of its early pioneers have garnered appreciation over time. In 2011, Rolling Stone writer David Fricke placed Greg Ginn of Black Flag 99th place in his 100 Greatest Guitarists list, although the music genre started in English-speaking western countries, notable hardcore scenes have existed in Italy, Brazil, Japan, Europe and the Middle East. The origin of the hardcore punk is uncertain. The Vancouver-based band D. O. A. may have helped to popularize the term with the title of their 1981 album, Hardcore 81. C. Hardcore historian Steven Blush said that the term hardcore is also a reference to the sense of being fed up with the existing punk, Blush also states that the term refers to an extreme, the absolute most Punk. One definition of the genre is a form of exceptionally harsh punk rock, like the Oi. subgenre of the UK, hardcore punk can be considered an internal music reaction. According to one writer, distressed by the artificiality of much post-punk, lacking the art-school grace of post-punk, hardcore punk favor low key visual aesthetic over extravagance and breaking with original punk rock song patterns. One of the important philosophies in the scene is authenticity. The pejorative term poseur is applied to those who associate with punk and adopt its stylistic attributes but are deemed not to share or understand the underlying values and philosophy. Joe Keithley, the vocalist of D. O. A. said in an interview, in the vein of earlier punk rock, most hardcore punk bands have followed the traditional singer/guitar/bass/drum format. The songwriting has more emphasis on rather than melody. Critic Steven Blush writes The Sex Pistols were still rocknroll. like the craziest version of Chuck Berry, Hardcore was a radical departure from that

12.
Musician
–
A musician is a person who plays a musical instrument or is musically talented. Anyone who composes, conducts, or performs music may also be referred to as a musician, Musicians can specialize in any musical style, and some musicians play in a variety of different styles. Examples of a musicians possible skills include performing, conducting, singing, composing, arranging, in the Middle Ages, instrumental musicians performed with soft ensembles inside and loud instruments outdoors. Many European musicians of this time catered to the Roman Catholic Church, providing arrangements structured around Gregorian chant structure, vocal pieces were in Latin—the language of church texts of the time—and typically were Church-polyphonic or made up of several simultaneous melodies. Giovanni Palestrina Giovanni Gabrieli Thomas Tallis Claudio Monteverdi Leonardo da Vinci The Baroque period introduced heavy use of counterpoint, vocal and instrumental “color” became more important compared to the Renaissance style of music, and emphasized much of the volume, texture and pace of each piece. George Frideric Handel Johann Sebastian Bach Antonio Vivaldi Classical music was created by musicians who lived during a time of a middle class. Many middle-class inhabitants of France at the time lived under long-time absolute monarchies, because of this, much of the music was performed in environments that were more constrained compared to the flourishing times of the Renaissance and Baroque eras. This age included the initial transformations of the Industrial Revolution, a revolutionary energy was also at the core of Romanticism, which quite consciously set out to transform not only the theory and practice of poetry and art, but the common perception of the world. Some major Romantic Period precepts survive, and still affect modern culture, in 20th-century music, composers and musicians rejected the emotion-dominated Romantic period, and strove to represent the world the way they perceived it. Musicians wrote to be. objective, while objects existed on their own terms, while past eras concentrated on spirituality, this new period placed emphasis on physicality and things that were concrete. The advent of recording and mass media in the 20th century caused a boom of all kinds of music—popular music, rock music, electronic music, folk music. Singer Composer Music artist Tour Manager Media related to Musicians at Wikimedia Commons

13.
Actor
–
Anyone who meets the eligibility requirements may apply for aid, which could vary from medical assistance, paying rent, or finding employment. Heros benefits are not meant to be a permanent crutch for needy creators, any granted aid is kept confidential. The Hero Initiative has two boards of directors, the Executive Board and the Fund Disbursement Board, former board members include founders Pat McCallum, editor-in-chief of Wizard Magazine, and Mike Richardson, publisher and founder of Dark Horse Comics. They are George Pérez, Roy Thomas, Charlie Novinskie, Dennis ONeil, John Romita Sr. the charity is currently supported by Dark Horse Comics, Dynamic Forces, Image Comics, Marvel Entertainment, Top Cow Productions, and Wizard Entertainment. The Hero Initiative utilizes many methods of fundraising, foremost is their annual art auction, auctioning donated original comics art-work at fan conventions. Year-long, they sell donated art and special edition comics at conventions, artists, writers, and publishers are invited to donate work, and fans are invited to donate money directly to the fund. ACTOR also sells a green Excelsior, wrist-band similar in design to the Livestrong wristband. The Hero Initiative was formerly known as A Commitment to Our Roots, or ACTOR, while the original name of the organization reflected the charitys goal, the acronym that resulted, ACTOR, more often confused people unfamiliar with the organization. 2006, George Pérez, John Romita, Sr.2007, Joe Kubert 2008, Nick Cardy 2009, Neal Adams 2010, Walt Simonson 2011, Stan Lee 2012, John Romita, Jr. The award recognizes one person in each year who demonstrates particular generosity and integrity in support of the overall comic book community. It debuted at the 2010 Harvey Awards ceremony held at the Baltimore Comic-Con

14.
Bass guitar
–
The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance

15.
Vocals
–
Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds

16.
Trumpet
–
A trumpet is a musical instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group contains the instruments with the highest register in the brass family, trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands, and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music. They are played by blowing air through almost-closed lips, producing a sound that starts a standing wave vibration in the air column inside the instrument. Since the late 15th century they have primarily been constructed of brass tubing, there are many distinct types of trumpet, with the most common being pitched in B♭, having a tubing length of about 1.48 m. Early trumpets did not provide means to change the length of tubing, most trumpets have valves of the piston type, while some have the rotary type. The use of rotary-valved trumpets is more common in orchestral settings, each valve, when engaged, increases the length of tubing, lowering the pitch of the instrument. A musician who plays the trumpet is called a trumpet player or trumpeter, the earliest trumpets date back to 1500 BC and earlier. The bronze and silver trumpets from Tutankhamuns grave in Egypt, bronze lurs from Scandinavia, trumpets from the Oxus civilization of Central Asia have decorated swellings in the middle, yet are made out of one sheet of metal, which is considered a technical wonder. The Shofar, made from a ram horn and the Hatzotzeroth and they were played in Solomons Temple around 3000 years ago. They were said to be used to blow down the walls of Jericho and they are still used on certain religious days. The Salpinx was a straight trumpet 62 inches long, made of bone or bronze, Salpinx contests were a part of the original Olympic Games. The Moche people of ancient Peru depicted trumpets in their art going back to AD300, the earliest trumpets were signaling instruments used for military or religious purposes, rather than music in the modern sense, and the modern bugle continues this signaling tradition. Improvements to instrument design and metal making in the late Middle Ages, the natural trumpets of this era consisted of a single coiled tube without valves and therefore could only produce the notes of a single overtone series. Changing keys required the player to change crooks of the instrument, the development of the upper, clarino register by specialist trumpeters—notably Cesare Bendinelli—would lend itself well to the Baroque era, also known as the Golden Age of the natural trumpet. During this period, a vast body of music was written for virtuoso trumpeters, the art was revived in the mid-20th century and natural trumpet playing is again a thriving art around the world. The melody-dominated homophony of the classical and romantic periods relegated the trumpet to a role by most major composers owing to the limitations of the natural trumpet. Berlioz wrote in 1844, Notwithstanding the real loftiness and distinguished nature of its quality of tone, there are few instruments that have been more degraded. The attempt to give the trumpet more chromatic freedom in its range saw the development of the keyed trumpet, the symphonies of Mozart, Beethoven, and as late as Brahms, were still played on natural trumpets

17.
Piano
–
The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented around the year 1700, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a form of pianoforte, the Italian term for the early 1700s versions of the instrument. The first fortepianos in the 1700s had a sound and smaller dynamic range. An acoustic piano usually has a wooden case surrounding the soundboard and metal strings. Pressing one or more keys on the keyboard causes a padded hammer to strike the strings. The hammer rebounds from the strings, and the continue to vibrate at their resonant frequency. These vibrations are transmitted through a bridge to a soundboard that amplifies by more efficiently coupling the acoustic energy to the air, when the key is released, a damper stops the strings vibration, ending the sound. Notes can be sustained, even when the keys are released by the fingers and thumbs and this means that the piano can play 88 different pitches, going from the deepest bass range to the highest treble. The black keys are for the accidentals, which are needed to play in all twelve keys, more rarely, some pianos have additional keys. Most notes have three strings, except for the bass that graduates from one to two, the strings are sounded when keys are pressed or struck, and silenced by dampers when the hands are lifted from the keyboard. There are two types of piano, the grand piano and the upright piano. The grand piano is used for Classical solos, chamber music and art song and it is used in jazz. The upright piano, which is compact, is the most popular type, as they are a better size for use in private homes for domestic music-making. During the nineteenth century, music publishers produced many works in arrangements for piano, so that music lovers could play. The piano is widely employed in classical, jazz, traditional and popular music for solo and ensemble performances, accompaniment, with technological advances, amplified electric pianos, electronic pianos, and digital pianos have also been developed. The electric piano became an instrument in the 1960s and 1970s genres of jazz fusion, funk music. The piano was founded on earlier technological innovations in keyboard instruments, pipe organs have been used since Antiquity, and as such, the development of pipe organs enabled instrument builders to learn about creating keyboard mechanisms for sounding pitches

18.
Keyboards
–
A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument played using a keyboard. The most common of these are the piano, organ, and various keyboards, including synthesizers. Other keyboard instruments include celestas, which are struck idiophones operated by a keyboard, and carillons, today, the term keyboard often refers to keyboard-style synthesizers. Another important use of the keyboard is in historical musicology. Particularly in the 18th century, the harpsichord, the clavichord, and the piano were in competition. Hence in a phrase like Mozart excelled as a player the word keyboard is usefully noncommittal. The earliest known keyboard instrument was the Ancient Greek hydraulis, a type of pipe organ, the keys were likely balanced and could be played with a light touch, as is clear from the reference in a Latin poem by Claudian, who says magna levi detrudens murmura tactu. Intent, that is “let him thunder forth as he presses out mighty roarings with a light touch”, from its invention until the fourteenth century, the organ remained the only keyboard instrument. Often, the organ did not feature a keyboard at all, almost every keyboard until the fifteenth century had seven naturals to each octave. The clavichord and the harpsichord appeared during the 14th century—the clavichord probably being earlier, the harpsichord and clavichord were both common until widespread adoption of the piano in the 18th century, after which their popularity decreased. The piano was revolutionary, because a pianist could vary the volume of the sound by varying the vigor with which each key was struck. The pianos full name is gravicèmbalo con piano e forte meaning harpsichord with soft and loud but can be shortened to piano-forte, which means soft-loud in Italian. In its current form, the piano is a product of the late 19th century, in fact, the modern piano is significantly different from even the 19th-century pianos used by Liszt, Chopin, and Brahms. See Piano history and musical performance, keyboard instruments were further developed in the early twentieth century. Early electromechanical instruments, such as the Ondes Martenot, appeared early in the century and this was a very important contribution to the keyboards history. Much effort has gone into creating an instrument that sounds like the piano but lacks its size, the electric piano and electronic piano were early efforts that, while useful instruments in their own right, did not convincingly reproduce the timbre of the piano. Electric and electronic organs were developed during the same period, more recent electronic keyboard designs strive to emulate the sound of specific make and model pianos using digital samples and computer models. Concerns celebrated keyboard players and the various instruments used over the centuries

19.
Warner Bros. Records
–
Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate mergers. Over this period, Warner Bros. Records grew from a minor player in the music industry to become one of the top recording labels in the world. In 2003, these assets were divested by their then owner Time Warner. This independent company traded as the Warner Music Group before being bought by Access Industries in 2011, WMG is the smallest of the three major international music conglomerates and the worlds last publicly traded major music company. Cameron Strang serves as CEO of the company, artists currently signed to Warner Bros. At the end of the silent movie period, Warner Bros, pictures decided to expand into publishing and recording so that it could access low-cost music content for its films. This new group controlled valuable copyrights on standards by George and Ira Gershwin and Jerome Kern, the label signed rising radio and recording stars Bing Crosby, Mills Brothers, and Boswell Sisters. In December 1931, Warner Bros. offloaded Brunswick to the American Record Corporation for a fraction of its former value, in a lease arrangement which did not include Brunswicks pressing plants. Warner Bros. sold Brunswick a second time, this time along with the old Brunswick pressing plants Warner owned, to Decca Records in exchange for a financial interest in Decca. The studio stayed out of the business for more than 25 years. Warner Bros. reëntered the record business in 1958 with the establishment of its own recording division, by this time, the established Hollywood studios were reeling from multiple challenges to their former dominance - the most notable being the introduction of television in the late 1940s. Legal changes also had a impact on their business—lawsuits brought by major stars had effectively overthrown the old studio contract system by the late 1940s. Pictures sold off much of its library in 1948 and, beginning in 1949. Semenenko in particular had a professional interest in the entertainment business. With the record business booming - sales had topped US$500 million by 1958 - Semnenko argued that it was foolish for Warner Bros, another impetus for the labels creation was the brief music career of Warner Bros. actor Tab Hunter. In 1958, the studio signed Hunter as its first artist to its newly formed record division, to establish the label, the company hired former Columbia Records president James B

20.
Red Hot Chili Peppers
–
Red Hot Chili Peppers, also sometimes shortened to The Chili Peppers or abbreviated as RHCP, are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983. The groups musical style consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock. When played live, their music elements of jam band due to the improvised nature of much of their performances. Currently, the band consists of founding members vocalist Anthony Kiedis and bassist Flea, longtime drummer Chad Smith, in 2012, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The bands original line-up, originally named Tony Flow and the Miraculously Majestic Masters of Mayhem, featured guitarist Hillel Slovak and drummer Jack Irons, alongside Kiedis, because of commitments to other bands, Slovak and Irons did not play on the bands self-titled debut album. Slovak performed on the second and third albums, Freaky Styley and The Uplift Mofo Party Plan, as a result of his friends death, Irons chose to depart from the group. After short-lived replacements at guitar and drums, John Frusciante and Chad Smith joined in 1988, the line-up of Flea, Kiedis, Frusciante, and Smith was the longest-lasting and recorded five studio albums beginning with Mothers Milk. In 1990, the signed with Warner Bros. Records. This album became the bands first commercial success, but Frusciante grew uncomfortable with it, after two temporary guitarists, Dave Navarro joined the group in 1993 and played on their subsequent album, One Hot Minute. Although commercially successful, the failed to match the critical or popular acclaim of Blood Sugar Sex Magik. Navarro was fired from the band in 1998, Frusciante, fresh out of drug rehabilitation, rejoined the band that same year at Fleas request. The reunited quartet returned to the studio to record Californication, which became the bands biggest commercial success with 16 million copies worldwide. That album was followed three years later by By the Way, and then four years later by the double album Stadium Arcadium, after a world tour, the group went on an extended hiatus. Frusciante announced he was leaving the band in 2009 to focus on his solo career. Klinghoffer, who had worked both as a sideman for the band on their Stadium Arcadium tour and on Frusciantes solo projects, the bands tenth studio album, Im with You, was released in 2011 and topped the charts in 18 different countries. The band released their studio album, The Getaway, in 2016. The album was produced by Danger Mouse, marking the first time since 1989s Mothers Milk that the Red Hot Chili Peppers had not worked with Rubin, and topped the charts in ten different countries. Red Hot Chili Peppers were formed in Los Angeles by singer Anthony Kiedis, guitarist Hillel Slovak, bassist Flea, and drummer Jack Irons, all of whom were classmates from Fairfax High School

21.
Atoms for Peace (band)
–
Yorke formed the band in 2009 to perform songs from his debut solo album, The Eraser. They released an album of material, Amok, on February 25,2013. In 2006, Radiohead singer Thom Yorke released his first solo album, The Eraser and he said, It’s like opening a big Pandoras Box, and I don’t know what direction it’s going to go in. We’ve got these bonkers rhythms made by machines, and musicians who can keep up with them – no problem –, the band went unnamed for early performances, listed as Thom Yorke or. In February 2010, they announced an American tour and a name, the band shares the name with a 1953 speech by American President Dwight D. Eisenhower and a song from The Eraser. After the tour ended in 2010, Atoms for Peace spent three days jamming and recording material in Los Angeles. The album was followed by a tour of Europe, the US, answering a fan question on Reddit in 2013, Yorke wrote that determining whether new songs were for Radiohead or Atoms for Peace was a grey area. Obviously depends on who is being sampled

22.
Rocket Juice & the Moon
–
Rocket Juice & the Moon is the eponymously titled album by the supergroup of the same name, formed in 2008. The group consists Damon Albarn of Blur and Gorillaz, Flea of Red Hot Chili Peppers and Tony Allen, longtime drummer, the project was announced in mid-2008, however due to various other projects by the band members recording was repeatedly delayed. Allen had previously worked with Albarn as a drummer on the album, The Good, the Bad, on 27 October 2011, Albarn released a statement announcing the bands name. He said that he had nothing to do with naming the band, Albarn said he is fine with the name because trying to find a name for another band is always tricky. The bands debut album contains 18 tracks and was released on 26 March 2012, the album contains guest appearances by Erykah Badu, Hypnotic Brass Ensemble, M. anifest and many others. The band performed together for the first time on 28 October 2011 in Cork, Ireland, as part of the annual Cork Jazz Festival, under the moniker Another Honest Jons Chop Up

23.
What Is This?
–
What Is This was a rock band that originated in Fairfax High School in California and would play numerous shows along the coast of California. It was formed by guitarist Hillel Slovak, drummer Jack Irons, vocalist Alain Johannes, and bassist Todd Strassman. During their tenure as Anthym, guitarist Hillel Slovak became acquainted with a member at one of their shows, Anthony Kiedis. After a while, the band began to find bassist Todd Strassmans musical abilities unsatisfactory, Slovak decided to teach a friend of his at Fairfax, trumpet player Michael Flea Balzary, how to play bass, and soon after he replaced Strassman as What Is This. s bassist. After graduating high school, the band began to play gigs in the Los Angeles area, Flea eventually left the band to play in the punk band Fear, and was replaced by Chris Hutchinson. Around this time, Hillel Slovak and Jack Irons decided to play a show with Anthony Kiedis and Flea under the name Tony Flow and it consisted of the musicians improvising a punk funk jam while Kiedis rapped a poem he wrote titled Out in L. A. It was intended to be a performance, but the show was received so well that they were asked to return again the following week. A few months later, What Is This received a deal with MCA Records. Hillel Slovak and Jack Irons decided to leave the Red Hot Chili Peppers, what Is This released their debut EP Squeezed in 1984. Around this time, Hillel Slovak had become uncertain of his role in the band and he left What Is This in 1985, and later that year the band would release its only full-length studio album What Is This. and its final EP3 Out of 5 Live. After this, the broke up. Alain Johannes later met Natasha Shneider and the duo formed Walk The Moon, whose sole album featured Jack Irons. Jack Irons later rejoined the Red Hot Chili Peppers in 1987, Alain Johannes, Natasha Shneider, and Jack Irons later formed the band Eleven. Jack Irons would later leave Eleven midway through the recording of their album to join Pearl Jam only to later rejoin Eleven in time for their fifth album. Eleven disbanded after the death of Natasha Schneider, both Johannes and Irons are now a part of Spinnerette. What Is Thiss song, Mind My Have Still I from their Squeezed, was featured on the soundtrack to the movie The Wild Life. Their second album, which featured a cover of the Spinners hit Ill Be Around, was produced by Todd Rundgren, Ill Be Around was released as a single and video, it peaked at No.62 on the Billboard Hot 100

24.
Fear (band)
–
Fear is a hardcore punk band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1977. The band is credited for helping to shape the sound and style of Californian hardcore punk, the group started out as part of the early California punk rock scene, and gained national prominence after an infamous 1981 performance on Saturday Night Live. Frontman Lee Ving has been the only constant member. Since its formation, the band has gone through various lineup changes, Fear was formed in 1977 by vocalist/guitarist Lee Ving and bassist Derf Scratch. They recruited guitarist Burt Good and drummer Johnny Backbeat to fill out the original lineup, in 1978, Fear released the single I Love Livin in the City. Shortly after this, Good and Backbeat left the band and were replaced by Philo Cramer, film director Penelope Spheeris met Ving and Stix while they were hanging handbills on telephone poles in Los Angeles on Laurel Canyon. After a brief discussion, she asked if they wanted to be in a documentary about the Los Angeles punk scene, at the time, Spheeris was married to Slash Records president Bob Biggs who, later that year, signed a recording deal with Fear. Fear appeared in the 1981 rotoscope animated film American Pop, directed by Ralph Bakshi, Ving performed under the name Lee James Jude. Belushi had originally offered Fear the soundtrack for his motion picture Neighbors. The films producers eventually forced Fear off the project, and Belushi got them the infamous SNL gig as compensation, the shows director originally wanted to prevent the dancers from participating, so Belushi offered to be in the episode if the dancers were allowed to stay. The end result was the shortening of Fears appearance on TV and they started their second song by saying, Its great to be in New Jersey, drawing boos from SNLs New York live audience. Fear played I Dont Care About You, Beef Bologna, New Yorks Alright If You Like Saxophones, the slamdancers left ripe pumpkin remains on the set. Cameras, a piano and other property were damaged, after their SNL appearance, which resulted in $20,000 in damage, some clubs chose not to hire the band. A New York Post article later reported the figure to be $500,000 and he admitted to the host that he had obviously inflated the figure but to his amazement, The Post printed that as being the actual figure. In 1982, Fear released their debut album The Record, after touring in support of the album, Ving fired Scratch. Eric Feldman briefly filled in on bass before he was replaced by Flea, Flea left the band and was replaced by Lorenzo Buhne. On July 3,1983, Fear performed at the Rock Against Reagan protest concert at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC along with the Dead Kennedys, MDC, Toxic Reasons, the Crucifucks and others. In the summer of 1983 through early 1984, while Stix was touring Europe with Nina Hagen, Chuck Biscuits was supposed to replace him, with Ving producing, the band recorded their second album More Beer in 1985 in just two days, supposedly

25.
Jane's Addiction
–
Janes Addiction is an American rock band from Los Angeles, formed in 1985. The band consists of Perry Farrell, Dave Navarro, Stephen Perkins, Janes Addiction launched with a live self-titled debut album in 1987 and quickly caught the attention of Warner Bros. The bands following first two studio albums, Nothings Shocking and Ritual de lo habitual, were released to widespread critical acclaim. As a result, Janes Addiction became icons of what Farrell dubbed the Alternative Nation, the bands initial farewell tour, in 1991, launched the first Lollapalooza, which has since become a perennial alternative rock festival. The band briefly reunited in 1997, with Flea, of the Red Hot Chili Peppers, in 2001, a second reunion took place, with Martyn LeNoble—and later Chris Chaney—occupying the role of bass guitarist. In 2003, the band released its third studio album, Strays. In 2008, the bands original line-up reunited and embarked on a world tour, Eric Avery, however, subsequently left the band in early 2010 as the group began work on new material. The band released its fourth studio album The Great Escape Artist in 2011, with Chaney returning to the band for its recording, Janes Addiction formed out of the remains of frontman Perry Farrells previous band, Psi Com. In mid-1985, Farrell was searching for a new player for the faltering Psi-com when he was introduced to Eric Avery. The new band was dubbed Janes Addiction in honor of Farrells housemate, Jane Bainter, in its early incarnation, Janes Addiction went through four guitarists and featured Matt Chaikin, formerly of Kommunity FK, on drums. After Chaikin failed to show up for rehearsals, Farrell began seeking a new drummer. Averys younger sister Rebecca suggested her boyfriend Stephen Perkins, Avery was uncertain because of their differing tastes in music, but eventually relented. After Perkins was hired, the drummer and Rebecca Avery promised to get their friend Dave Navarro into the group, based on Perkins recommendation, the band auditioned Navarro and subsequently hired him. Janes Addiction became a sensation on the Los Angeles club scene, the band soon gained interest from a variety of record labels. While the group had decided to sign with Warner Bros, Records, Janes Addiction insisted on releasing its debut on independent record label Triple X Records first. The bands manager negotiated the largest advance up to that point, in January 1987, the band recorded its debut record Janes Addiction during a live performance at the Roxy Theatre at a cost of $4,000. Before the album was released, Janes Addiction supported British band Love, also in late 1987, the band opened for former Bauhaus vocalist Peter Murphy at the now demolished Fenders Ballroom in Long Beach. In January 1988, Janes Addiction went into the studio to record its major debut and follow-up to Janes Addiction

26.
The Mars Volta
–
The Mars Volta was an American rock band from El Paso, Texas, formed in 2001. The bands final lineup consisted of Omar Rodríguez-López, Cedric Bixler-Zavala, Juan Alderete, Marcel Rodríguez-López, the band formed following the break-up of Rodríguez-López and Bixler-Zavalas previous band, At the Drive-In. They are known for their live shows and their concept albums. In 2009, the band won a Grammy Award in the Best Hard Rock Performance category for the song Wax Simulacra, in 2008, they were named Best Prog-Rock Band by Rolling Stone magazine. In September 2012 it was announced that the Mars Volta had entered a hiatus, with Rodríguez-López and Parks forming a new project, four months later, the band announced their breakup. Bixler-Zavala and Alderete subsequently formed a new band, Zavalaz, Rodríguez-López and Bixler-Zavala eventually reunited in 2014 for a new project, Antemasque. Yknow, changing of time and the changeover, and Mars, were just fascinated by science fiction so and its something that ultimately looked as in anything I write, its meaning is always up to the listener. The roots of the Mars Volta are found in the band At the Drive-In, ATDI imploded on the verge of breakthrough, partly due to boredom, partly to musical differences. Due to creative differences and discomfort with mainstream success and drug abuse, Rodríguez-López, the remaining members of the band formed Sparta. During 2001 Eva Gardner joined the members of De Facto on bass, the lineup for their first public show at Chain Reaction in Anaheim, California was Rodríguez-López, Bixler-Zavala, Owens, Gardner, Ward, and drummer Jon Theodore. This lineup recorded three tracks with Alex Newport, which became the EP Tremulant, released in early 2002 by Gold Standard Laboratories. After the demise of At the Drive-In, Rodríguez-López and Bixler-Zavala found themselves once again starting from the ground up, in their early years the Mars Volta were characterized by chaotic live shows and heavy drug use. Whereas Tremulant had no general theme De-Loused was a work of speculative fiction telling the first-person story of someone in a drug-induced coma. He died jumping from the Mesa Street overpass onto Interstate-10 in El Paso during afternoon rush-hour traffic, hes got this thing about representing the common mans ears—Id rather jab the common mans ears. If we dont, well never get to a place where future music exists, the Mars Volta had no official bassist during the recording session, but Flea played bass on nine of the albums ten songs, with Justin Meldal-Johnsen playing double bass on Televators. Fleas bandmate John Frusciante also contributed guitar, synthesizer and backing vocals to Cicatriz ESP. After several temporary replacements, a permanent bassist for the band was found in Juan Alderete, despite limited promotion, De-Loused earned strong reviews, and appeared on several year-end best-of lists. The album remains the Mars Voltas best-seller, with over 500,000 copies sold, Rolling Stone ranked a track from De-Loused, Drunkship of Lanterns, the 91st Best Guitar Song Ever

27.
Tom Waits
–
Thomas Alan Tom Waits is an American singer-songwriter, composer, and actor. He has worked as a composer for movies and musicals and has acted in supporting roles in films, including Paradise Alley and he also starred in Jim Jarmuschs 1986 film Down by Law. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his work on One from the Heart. Waits lyrics frequently present atmospheric portraits of grotesque, often seedy characters and places and he has a cult following and has influenced subsequent songwriters despite having little radio or music video support. His songs are best-known through cover versions by more artists, Jersey Girl, performed by Bruce Springsteen, Ol 55, by the Eagles. Although Waits albums have met with mixed success in his native United States. He has been nominated for a number of music awards and has won Grammy Awards for two albums, Bone Machine and Mule Variations. In 2011, Waits was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and he is also included among the 2010 list of Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Singers, as well as the 2015 list of Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time. Waits lives in Sonoma County, California, with his wife Kathleen Brennan, Waits was born at Park Avenue Hospital in Pomona, the son of schoolteachers Alma Fern McMurray and Jesse Frank Waits. After his parents divorced in 1960, he lived with his mother in Whittier, Waits, who taught himself how to play the piano on a neighbors instrument, often took trips to Mexico with his father, who taught Spanish. He would later say that he found his love of music during these trips through a Mexican ballad that was probably a Ranchera, you know, on the car radio with my dad. By 1965, while attending at Hilltop High School in Chula Vista and he later admitted that he was not a fan of the 1960s music scene, stating, I wasnt thrilled by Blue Cheer, so I found an alternative, even if it was Bing Crosby. Five years later, he was working as a doorman at the Heritage nightclub in San Diego, where artists of every genre performed, when he did his first paid gig for $6. A fan of Bob Dylan, Lord Buckley, Jack Kerouac, Louis Armstrong, Howlin Wolf, in 1971, Waits moved to the Echo Park neighborhood of L. A. and signed with Herb Cohen at the age of 21. From August to December 1971, Waits made a series of recordings for Zappa and Cohens Bizarre/Straight label. These early tracks were released 20 years later on The Early Years, Volume One, Waits signed to Asylum Records in 1972, and after numerous abortive recording sessions, his first record—the jazzy, folk-tinged Closing Time—was released in 1973. Lee Hazlewood became one of the first major artists to cover a Tom Waits song, using the title variation Those Were Days Of Roses on his album for Capitol, Poet, Fool, or Bum. Also in 1973, Tim Buckley released the album Sefronia, which contained another version of Waits song Martha from Closing Time

28.
Alanis Morissette
–
Alanis Nadine Morissette is a Canadian-American alternative rock singer-songwriter, musician, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actress. Morissette began her career in Canada in the early 1990s, with two commercially successful dance-pop albums and her following album, Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie, was released in 1998. Morissette took up producing duties for her subsequent albums, which include Under Rug Swept, So-Called Chaos and her eighth studio album, Havoc and Bright Lights, was released in 2012. Morissette has sold more than 60 million albums worldwide, Morissette is also known for her powerful and emotive mezzo-soprano voice. She has been dubbed the Queen of alt-rock angst by Rolling Stone, Morissette was born June 1,1974, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, to teacher Georgia Mary Ann and high-school principal Alan Richard Morissette. She has two siblings, older brother Chad is an entrepreneur, and twin brother Wade is a musician. Her father was of French and Irish descent and her mother had Hungarian ancestry and her parents were teachers in a military school and due to their work often had to move. From 1977 to 1980 Morissette spent three years of her childhood in Germany, when she was six years old, she returned to Ottawa and started to play the piano. In 1981, when she was seven years old, she began dance lessons and she attended Holy Family Catholic School for elementary school and Immaculata High School for Grades 7 and 8 before completing the rest of her high school at Glebe Collegiate Institute. She appeared on the television show You Cant Do That on Television for five episodes when she was in elementary school. Morissette recorded her first demo called Fate Stay with Me, produced by Lindsay Thomas Morgan at Marigold Studios in Toronto, in 1991 MCA Records Canada released Morissettes debut album, Alanis, in Canada only. Morissette co-wrote every track on the album with its producer, Leslie Howe, the dance-pop album went platinum, and its first single, Too Hot, reached the top twenty on the RPM singles chart. Subsequent singles Walk Away and Feel Your Love reached the top 40, Morissettes popularity, style of music and appearance, particularly that of her hair, led her to become known as the Debbie Gibson of Canada, comparisons to Tiffany were also common. During the same period, she was an opening act for rapper Vanilla Ice. Morissette was nominated for three 1992 Juno Awards, Most Promising Female Vocalist of the Year, Single of the Year, in 1992, she released her second album, Now Is the Time, a ballad-driven record that featured less glitzy production than Alanis and contained more thoughtful lyrics. Morissette wrote the songs with the producer, Leslie Howe. She said of the album, people could go, Boo, hiss, hiss, but the way I look at it. People will like your next album if its a suck-ass one, as with Alanis, Now Is the Time was released only in Canada and produced three top 40 singles—An Emotion Away, the minor adult contemporary hit No Apologies and Never a Waste of Time

29.
Young MC
–
Marvin Young, better known by his stage name Young M. C. is an English-born American singer, rapper and actor. He is best known for his 1989 hit Bust a Move and his debut album Stone Cold Rhymin found international acclaim, however, subsequent albums have not reached the same level of success. Young has also appeared in film in acting roles and cameo appearances and has appeared in television programs. Young was born in London to Jamaican immigrants and he left England at the age of three and moved to Queens, New York, when he was eight years old. Young attended Hunter College High School in the Upper East Side of Manhattan and he went on to earn a degree in economics from the University of Southern California. At USC he met Michael Ross and Matt Dike from the record company Delicious Vinyl, Young rapped over the phone for Ross and Dike, who ended up delivering a record contract to his USC dorm room. In 1989, Young collaborated with Tone Lōc on the songs Wild Thing, Young gained fame with the release of his single Bust a Move, which reached No.7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and won a Grammy for Best Rap Performance. The single helped Youngs debut album, Stone Cold Rhymin, to reach No.9 on the Billboard 200, the follow-up single, Principals Office, reached No.33 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for Best Rap Video at the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards. Following Youngs success, he left Delicious Vinyl, citing restrictions on his work, the label sued him for breach of contract and the two parties eventually settled out of court. Young signed with Capitol Records and released his album, Brainstorm. It reached No.66 on the Billboard 200, despite the absence of any strong single, the album achieved gold status in the US. However his third album, Whats the Flavor, released in 1993, was a commercial failure, with both the album and its singles failing to chart. It was his second and final album on Capitol Records, in 1997 Young released his fourth album, Return of the 1 Hit Wonder, on the independent label Overall Records. The album produced two singles, Madame Buttafly and On & Poppin which charted at No.25 and No.23 respectively on the Hot Rap Songs chart. In 2000, Young released his album, Aint Goin Out Like That. The album was Youngs first to chart since Brainstorm, peaking at No.85 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, in 2002, he released his sixth album, Engage the Enzyme. In 2001, Young contributed a song Deck the Halls he co-wrote with Kevin Irving to Disneys TV Movie Twas the Night In 2002 and he was joined by Run of Run-D. M. C. DJ Quik, Jermaine Dupri, Da Brat, B-Real of Cypress Hill, Xzibit, Young went on to win the celebrity contest, outlasting Xzibit in the finals

30.
Pigface
–
Pigface is an industrial music supergroup formed in 1990 by Martin Atkins and William Rieflin. Pigface was formed from Ministrys The Mind is a Terrible Thing to Taste tour, for the tour, Al Jourgensen brought Atkins, Nivek Ogre and Chris Connelly. Also on the tour was Rieflin, regular Ministry drummer at the time, while Atkins enjoyed the dynamic of playing with a second drummer, he felt that the lineup was capable of doing much more than being, what he has frequently called, a Ministry cover band. Once the tour was over, Atkins and Rieflin decided to continue working together, trent Reznor was also an early partner, before Nine Inch Nails became a household name. Suck, co-written and sung by Reznor, was something of an underground hit, Rieflin eventually left Pigface, leaving Atkins in charge. The hundreds of collaborators to record and perform with Pigface have ensured that each album, tour. However, this practice has led to negative criticism due to a perceived lack of continuity. In 2009, Full Effect Records, a Detroit-based label, announced the signing of Pigface, the Pigface album,6, followed shortly after. After a seven-year hiatus, Pigface returned for two Chicago performances in November 2016, the first was a rehearsal show held at Reggies on November 24. On November 25, the performed at House of Blues. Both shows saw the band performing with members as well as the return of members like Lesley Rankine, En Esch, Mary Byker, Curse Mackey, Dirk Flannigan. Several offshoot bands of Pigface, all smaller sized all-star groups featuring Martin Atkins as a member, have released albums during the time Pigface was active. The Damage Manual, Ritalin, Martin Atkins And The Chicago Industrial League, Spasm, Pigface concerts are characterized by high-energy performances. It is not unusual to see upwards of ten musicians on stage at any time during a show. In addition, members of the audience have occasionally been invited on stage during the encore, gub Fook Notes From Thee Underground A New High in Low Easy Listening

31.
Johnny Cash
–
Johnny Cash was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and author. He is widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century and one of the music artists of all time. Although primarily remembered as an music icon, his genre-spanning songs and sound embraced rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk. This crossover appeal won Cash the rare honor of multiple inductions in the Country Music, Rock and Roll and he traditionally began his concerts with the simple Hello, Im Johnny Cash, followed by his signature Folsom Prison Blues. Much of Cashs music contained themes of sorrow, moral tribulation and redemption and his signature songs include I Walk the Line, Folsom Prison Blues, Ring of Fire, Get Rhythm, and Man in Black. During the last stage of his career, Cash covered songs by several late 20th-century rock artists, notably Hurt by Nine Inch Nails, Cash was born on February 26,1932, in Kingsland, Arkansas, one of seven children born to Ray Cash and Carrie Cloveree. He was mostly of Scottish and English ancestry, and as an adult traced his surname to 11th-century Fife, Scotland, after meeting with the then-laird of Falkland, Fife, Cash Loch and other locations in Fife bear the name of his family. At birth, Cash was named J. R. Cash, when Cash enlisted in the United States Air Force, he was not permitted to use initials as a first name, so he changed his name to John R. Cash. In 1955, when signing with Sun Records, he took Johnny Cash as his stage name, the Cash children were, Roy, Margaret Louise, Jack, J. R. Reba, Joanne, and Tommy. Tommy Cash also became a country artist. In March 1935, when Cash was three years old, the family settled in Dyess, Arkansas and he started working in cotton fields at age five, singing along with his family while working. The family farm was flooded on at least two occasions, which inspired him to write the song Five Feet High and Rising. His familys economic and personal struggles during the Great Depression inspired many of his songs, Cash was very close to his older brother, Jack. In May 1944, Jack was pulled into a head saw in the mill where he worked and was almost cut in two. He suffered for over a week before he died on May 20,1944, Cash often spoke of the horrible guilt he felt over this incident. Jack insisted on working, as the family needed the money, on his deathbed, Jack said he had visions of Heaven and angels. Decades later, Cash spoke of looking forward to meeting his brother in Heaven, Cashs early memories were dominated by gospel music and radio. Taught guitar by his mother and a friend, Cash began playing and writing songs at the age of twelve

32.
Rolling Stone
–
Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors. In recent years, it has resumed its traditional mix of content, Rolling Stone magazine was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner and Ralph Gleason. To get it off the ground, Wenner borrowed $7,500 from his own family and from the parents of his soon-to-be wife, Jane Schindelheim. The first issue carried a date of November 9,1967. Some authors have attributed the name solely to Dylans hit single, At Gleasons suggestion, Rolling Stone initially identified with and reported the hippie counterculture of the era. In the very first edition, Wenner wrote that Rolling Stone is not just about the music, in the 1970s, Rolling Stone began to make a mark with its political coverage, with the likes of gonzo journalist Hunter S. Thompson writing for the magazines political section. Thompson first published his most famous work Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas within the pages of Rolling Stone, where he remained a contributing editor until his death in 2005. In the 1970s, the magazine also helped launch the careers of prominent authors, including Cameron Crowe, Lester Bangs, Joe Klein, Joe Eszterhas, Patti Smith. It was at point that the magazine ran some of its most famous stories. One interviewer, speaking for a number of his peers, said that he bought his first copy of the magazine upon initial arrival on his college campus. In 1977, the magazine moved its headquarters from San Francisco to New York City, editor Jann Wenner said San Francisco had become a cultural backwater. During the 1980s, the magazine began to shift towards being an entertainment magazine. Music was still a dominant topic, but there was increasing coverage of celebrities in television, films, the magazine also initiated its annual Hot Issue during this time. Rolling Stone was initially known for its coverage and for Thompsons political reporting. In the 1990s, the changed its format to appeal to a younger readership interested in youth-oriented television shows, film actors

33.
John Entwistle
–
John Alec Entwistle was an English singer, songwriter, composer, musician, film and music producer. In a music career spanned more than 40 years, Entwistle was best known as the original bass guitarist for the English rock band the Who. He was the member of the band to have formal musical training. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Who in 1990, Entwistles instrumental approach used pentatonic lead lines, and a then-unusual treble-rich sound created by roundwound RotoSound steel bass strings. He was nicknamed The Ox and Thunderfingers, the latter because his digits became a blur across the four-string fretboard, in 2011, he was voted as the greatest bass guitarist of all time in a Rolling Stone magazine readers poll. John Alec Entwistle was born on 9 October 1944 in Chiswick and his father, Herbert, played the trumpet and his mother, Maud, played the piano. His parents marriage failed soon after he was born, and he was raised by his mother at his grandparents house in South Acton. Divorce was uncommon in the 1940s, and this contributed to Entwistle becoming reserved and his musical career began aged 7, when he started taking piano lessons. He did not enjoy the experience and after joining Acton County Grammar School aged 11, switched to the trumpet and he met Pete Townshend in the second year of school, and the two formed a trad jazz band, the Confederates. The group only played one gig together, before decided that rock n roll was a more attractive prospect. He made his own instrument at home, and soon attracted the attention of Roger Daltrey, who had been the year above Entwistle at Acton County, Daltrey was aware of Entwistle from school, and asked him to join as a bass guitarist for his band, the Detours. After joining the Detours, Entwistle played a role in encouraging Pete Townshends budding talent on the guitar. Eventually, Roger Daltrey fired all the members of his band with the exception of Entwistle, Townshend and the drummer, Doug Sandom, Roger Daltrey relinquished the role of guitarist to Pete Townshend in 1963, instead becoming frontman and lead singer. The band considered several changes of name, and finally settling on the name the Who while Entwistle was still working as a tax clerk. When the band decided that the blond Roger Daltrey needed to stand out more from the others, Entwistle dyed his naturally brown hair black. Around 1963, Entwistle played in a London band called the Initials for a short while and it also housed one of the largest guitar collections belonging to any rock musician. Entwistle picked up two nicknames during his career as a musician and he was nicknamed The Ox because of his strong constitution and seeming ability to Eat, drink or do more than the rest of them. He was also later nicknamed Thunderfingers, bill Wyman, bass guitarist for the Rolling Stones, described him as the quietest man in private but the loudest man on stage

34.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
–
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fames permanent home.8 billion, the Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered several cities, including Philadelphia, Memphis, Detroit, Cincinnati, New York City, Cleveland was also one of the premier tour stops for most rock bands. Civic leaders in Cleveland pledged $65 million in money to fund the construction. A petition drive was signed by 600,000 fans favoring Cleveland over Memphis, on May 5,1986, the Hall of Fame Foundation chose Cleveland as the permanent home of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum. Sam Phillips of Sun Studios fame and many others were stunned and disappointed that it ended up in Cleveland, the hall of fame shouldve been in Memphis, certainly, wrote Peter Guralnick, author of an acclaimed two-volume Elvis Presley biography. Cleveland may also have chosen as the organizations site because the city offered the best financial package. As The Plain Dealer music critic Michael Norman noted, It was $65 million, Cleveland wanted it here and put up the money. During early discussions on where to build the Hall of Fame and Museum, ultimately, the chosen location was along East Ninth Street in downtown Cleveland by Lake Erie, east of Cleveland Stadium. Initial CEO Dr. Larry R. Thompson facilitated I. M. Pei in designs for the site, Pei came up with the idea of a tower with a glass pyramid protruding from it. The museum tower was planned to stand 200 ft high. The buildings base is approximately 150,000 square feet, the groundbreaking ceremony took place on June 7,1993. Pete Townshend, Chuck Berry, Billy Joel, Sam Phillips, Ruth Brown, Sam Moore of Sam and Dave, Carl Gardner of the Coasters and Dave Pirner of Soul Asylum all appeared at the groundbreaking. The museum was dedicated on September 1,1995, with the ribbon being cut by an ensemble that included Yoko Ono and Little Richard, among others, the following night an all-star concert was held at the stadium. It featured Chuck Berry, Bob Dylan, Al Green, Jerry Lee Lewis, Aretha Franklin, Bruce Springsteen, Iggy Pop, John Fogerty, John Mellencamp, and many others. In addition to the Hall of Fame inductees, the documents the entire history of rock and roll. Hall of Fame inductees are honored in an exhibit located in a wing that juts out over Lake Erie. Since 1986, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has selected new inductees, the formal induction ceremony has been held in New York City 25 times, twice in Los Angeles, and four times in the Hall of Fames home in Cleveland

35.
Suburbia (film)
–
SubUrbia is a 1996 American comedy-drama film written by Eric Bogosian, based on his play of the same name, and directed by Richard Linklater. It follows the relationships between a few young adults as they spend their time standing on the corner outside a convenience store. Bogosian based the story on his own growing up in Woburn, Massachusetts. The films main character, Jeff, is an aimless soul unsure of his future, Jeff is dating Sooze, who has expressed the desire to leave Burnfield and become an artist. Jeffs best friends are Buff, and Tim, a troubled young honorably discharged military man who drinks too much and has a knack for shooting his mouth off, soozes friend Bee Bee is a recovering alcoholic who is invited to join the group. One evening, an old friend of theirs, Pony, now a rock star, most of the group is glad to see him, although some of them are bitter and jealous of his recent success. Through actions and conversations they all contemplate what they want to do with the rest of their lives. N. K. L. E, im Not Like Everybody Else - Boss Hog Cult - Skinny Puppy Does Your Hometown Care. Roger Ebert gave the film a review giving the film 3 1⁄2 stars out of 4, calling it dark, intense. Ajay Naidu was nominated for Best Supporting Male at the 1998 Independent Spirit Awards, SubUrbia at the Internet Movie Database SubUrbia at Box Office Mojo SubUrbia at Rotten Tomatoes

36.
Back to the Future Part II
–
Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science-fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future, the film stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Thomas F. Wilson, and Lea Thompson and continues immediately following the original film. However, their presence allows Biff Tannen to steal Docs DeLorean time machine and travel to 1955, the film was produced on a $40-million budget and was filmed back-to-back with its sequel, Part III. Filming began in February 1989 after two years were spent building the sets and writing the scripts, two actors from the first film, Crispin Glover and Claudia Wells, did not return for the final two. While Elisabeth Shue was recast in the role of Wells character, Jennifer, Glovers character, George McFly, was not only minimized in the plot, Glover successfully sued both Zemeckis and Gale, changing how producers can deal with the departure and replacement of actors in a role. Back to the Future Part II was released by Universal Pictures on November 22,1989, the film received mixed reviews from critics and grossed over $331 million worldwide, making it the third-highest-grossing film of 1989. They arrive on October 21,2015, where Doc electronically knocks out Jennifer and leaves her asleep in an alley, explaining that she should not have too much knowledge of future events. He has Marty pose as his own son and lookalike Marty Jr. to refuse an offer to participate in a robbery with Biffs grandson Griff, Marty switches places with Marty Jr. and refuses Griffs offer, but Griff goads Marty into a fight. Griff and his gang are arrested, saving Martys future children, before rejoining Doc, Marty purchases an almanac containing the results of major sporting events from 1950 to 2000. They pursue, as does Biff, who has overheard their conversation, Jennifer wakes up in her 2015 home and hides from the McFly family. She overhears that her future life with Marty is not what she expected. She witnesses Marty being goaded by his co-worker Douglas J. Needles into a business deal. Attempting to escape the house, Jennifer encounters her 2015 self, while Marty and Doc attend to her, Biff steals the time machine and uses it to travel back to 1955 and give the almanac to his younger self to get rich betting, then returns to 2015. Marty, Doc, and an unconscious Jennifer return to 1985, the 1985 to which they return has changed drastically, Biff has become wealthy and corrupt, and has changed Hill Valley into a chaotic dystopia. Martys father, George, was killed in 1973, and Biff has forced Martys mother, Lorraine, Doc has been committed to an insane asylum. Marty and Doc determine that 2015 Biff took the machine to change 1985. Biff attempts to kill Marty, but Marty flees and returns to 1955 with Doc, Marty secretly follows the 1955 Biff and watches him receive the almanac from his 2015 self. Marty then follows him to the schools dance, being careful to avoid interrupting the events from his previous visit

37.
Back to the Future Part III
–
Back to the Future Part III is a 1990 American Science fiction Western comedy film and the third and final installment of the Back to the Future trilogy. The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis, and starred Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Mary Steenburgen, Thomas F. Wilson, the film continues immediately following Back to the Future Part II. While stranded in 1955 during his time travel adventures, Marty McFly discovers that his friend Dr. Emmett Doc Brown, Marty decides to travel to 1885 to rescue Doc. Back to the Future Part III was filmed in California and Arizona, Part III was released in the United States on May 25,1990, six months after the previous installment. Part III earned $244.5 million worldwide, making it the film of 1990. On November 12,1955, Marty McFly discovers that his friend, Marty and Docs 1955 self use the information in Docs 1885 letter to locate and repair the DeLorean. Marty spots a tombstone with Docs name, dated six days after the letter, learning that Doc was killed by Biff Tannens great-grandfather, Buford Mad Dog Tannen, Marty travels back to 1885 to save Doc. Marty arrives on September 2,1885, in the middle of a United States Cavalry pursuit of Indians, when the fuel line is torn, Marty hides the car in a cave and walks to Hill Valley. He meets his Irish-born great-great-grandparents, Seamus and Maggie McFly, and runs afoul of Buford, Buford tries to hang Marty, but Doc saves him. Doc agrees to leave 1885, but because commercial gasoline is not yet available, Doc devises a plan to use a locomotive to push the DeLorean up to the required speed. While he and Marty explore a rail spur they intend to use, Doc saves the passenger, Clara Clayton, and the two fall in love. Marty thwarts Bufords attempt to kill Doc at a town festival, Docs name disappears from the photograph of his tombstone, but the date remains unchanged, Doc warns Marty that he might be the one killed by Buford. The night before their departure, Marty and Doc place the DeLorean onto the rail spur, at Claras house, Doc tells her he is from the future, but she believes it is an excuse to end their relationship and angrily dismisses him. Distraught, Doc returns to the saloon for a binge. Doc drinks a shot of whiskey and passes out instantly. Buford arrives early and calls out Marty, but Marty refuses to duel, Doc revives after drinking the bartenders special Wake-Up Juice and tries fleeing with Marty, but Bufords gang captures Doc, forcing Marty to duel. During a fistfight, Buford destroys the tombstone, is knocked unconscious into a full of manure. Marty and Doc depart to steal the locomotive, as Clara is leaving on the train, she overhears a salesman discussing how heartbroken Doc was at the saloon

38.
My Own Private Idaho
–
The story follows two friends, Mike and Scott, as they embark on a journey of personal discovery that takes them to Mikes hometown in Idaho and then to Italy in search of Mikes mother. Over the years, Van Sant rewrote the script, which comprised two stories, that of Mike and the search for his mother, and Scotts story as an update of the Henry IV plays. Van Sant had difficulty getting Hollywood financing, and at one point considered making the film on a budget with a cast of actual street kids. After Van Sant sent copies of his script to Reeves and then Reeves showed it to Phoenix, the film was a moderate financial success, grossing over $6.4 million in North America, which was above its estimated budget of $2.5 million. Mike, a hustler, is standing alone on a deserted stretch of highway. He starts talking to himself and notices that the road looks “like someone’s face, like a fucked-up face. ”He experiences a narcoleptic episode, later, after being fellated by a client in Seattle, Mike returns to his favorite spots to pick up potential clients. He is picked up by an older woman who takes him to her mansion where he meets two fellow hustlers also hired by the woman. One of them is Scott Favor, Mike’s best friend, while preparing to have sex with the woman, Mike experiences another narcoleptic fit and awakens the next day with Scott in Portland, Oregon. Mike and Scott are soon reunited with Bob Pigeon, a mentor to a gang of street kids. Scott, the son of the mayor of Portland, admits to Bob in private that when he turns 21, he will inherit his father’s fortune and retire from street hustling. Mike yearns to find his mother, and he and Scott leave Portland for Idaho to visit Mike’s older brother Richard, along this journey Mike confesses that he is in love with Scott. Richard tries to tell Mike who his father is. Richard tells Mike that their works as a hotel maid. Mike and Scott travel to Italy where they find the farmhouse where Mike’s mother worked, as a maid. The young woman, Carmela, who lives there tells Mike that his mother returned to the United States months ago, Carmela and Scott fall in love and return to the U. S. leaving Mike to return home on his own, brokenhearted. Scotts father dies, and Scott inherits his fortune, back in Portland, Bob and his gang confront a newly reformed Scott at a fashionable restaurant, but he rejects them. That night Bob has a heart attack. The next day the hustlers hold a funeral for Bob, while in the same cemetery

39.
The Chase (1994 film)
–
Jack Hammond stops at a gas station in Newport Beach, California, where he encounters two police officers and a young woman. Fleeing in her car, Jack soon learns that his hostage is Natalie Voss and they are pursued by two police officers who have a television crew in their squad car filming a Cops-style reality show. The car chase moves onto southbound Interstate 5 as Jack decides to flee to Mexico, the chase intensifies, leading to several chaotic events including a medical truck spilling cadavers onto the freeway and Jack accidentally shooting a police cars tire, causing it to flip and crash. Two bystanders attempt to run Jack off the road in their truck, but lose control and roll the truck onto its side. The news media further dramatize the car chase, covering it under such headlines as Terror on the Freeway, and Kidnapped at 100 Miles per Hour and going to such lengths as having a reporter hang out the side of a van alongside the speeding car. Although a blood test proved Jacks innocence, it was deemed inadmissible in court because the blood was collected improperly from one of the crime scenes. Jack was wrongfully convicted and sentenced to 25 years incarceration the prior day, Jacks lawyer explains Jacks predicament to the media and tries to convince him to surrender to the police, but Jack believes escape is his only option. Natalie sympathizes with Jack, and is impressed when he berates her overbearing father and she shares that she hates her stepmother and seeks escape from her dysfunctional family. As the chase goes on, she begins to fall in love with Jack, and she suggests that she remain his hostage so they can flee to Mexico together. They reach the San Ysidro Port of Entry but find it heavily blockaded, Jack continues to evade the police but eventually stops, telling Natalie that he cant let her ruin her life because of him, and releases her reluctantly to her father. After considering going out in a blaze of glory, Jack decides to surrender, as he is being arrested, Natalie takes a television producer hostage at gunpoint and releases Jack. The two steal a helicopter and escape to Mexico, where they relax in freedom on a beach. The film earned negative reviews from critics, holding a 33% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 18 reviews. Ebert gave the film two-and-a-half stars, critic James Berardinelli, who also gave the movie two-and-a-half stars out of four, said, As an example of modern cinematic art, The Chase is an utter failure. As a character study, it cant get past the book stage. As a tightly-plotted thriller, its missing about half the storyline, but, as a piece of unfettered, unpretentious entertainment, it hits the bullseye

40.
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (film)
–
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas is a 1998 American black comedy road film adapted from Hunter S. Thompsons novel of the same name. It was co-written and directed by Terry Gilliam, starring Johnny Depp as Raoul Duke, the two embark on an initially assigned journey with journalistic purpose which turns out to be an exploration of the Las Vegas setting under the effect of psychoactive substances. The movie grossed $10.6 million at the North American box office and it has since become a cult film due in large part to its release on DVD, including a Special Edition released by The Criterion Collection. In 1971, Raoul Duke and Dr. Gonzo speed across the Nevada desert, Duke, under the influence of mescaline, complains of a swarm of giant bats, before going through the pairs inventory of psychoactive drugs. Shortly afterward, the duo stop to pick up a young hitchhiker, Duke has been assigned by an unnamed magazine to travel to Las Vegas and cover the Mint 400 motorcycle race. However, they have decided to take advantage of the trip by purchasing a large number of drugs. The young man soon becomes terrified of the antics of the duo, the next day, Duke arrives at the race, and heads out with his photographer, a man by the name of Lacerda. During the coverage, Duke becomes irrational and believes that they are in the middle of a battlefield, so he fires Lacerda and returns to the hotel. After consuming more mescaline, as well as huffing diethyl ether, Duke and Gonzo arrive at the Bazooko Circus casino, but leave shortly afterwards, back in the hotel room, Duke leaves Gonzo unattended, and tries his luck at a quick round of Big Six. He pleads with Duke to throw the machine into the water when the song White Rabbit peaks, Duke agrees, but instead throws a grapefruit at Gonzos head before running outside. The next morning, Duke awakens to an exorbitant room service bill, and no sign of Gonzo, as he nears Baker, California, a highway patrolman pulls him over for speeding, and advises him to sleep at a nearby rest stop. Duke instead heads to a payphone and calls Gonzo, learning that he has a suite in his name at the Flamingo Las Vegas so he can cover a district attorneys convention on narcotics. Duke checks into his suite, only to be met by an LSD-tripping Gonzo, Gonzo explains that Lucy has come to Las Vegas to meet Barbra Streisand, and that he gave her LSD on the plane not realizing she had never taken it before. Sensing the trouble this could get them into, Duke convinces Gonzo to ditch Lucy in another hotel before her trip wears off. Gonzo accompanies Duke to the D. A. s convention, unable to take it, Duke and Gonzo flee back to their room, only to discover that Lucy has called. Their trips mostly over, Gonzo deals with Lucy over the phone, however, the trip spirals out of control, and Duke is reduced to an incoherent mess before he blacks out. After an unspecified amount of passes, Duke wakes up to a complete ruin of the once pristine suite. After discovering his tape recorder, he attempts to remember what has happened

41.
Thrashin'
–
Thrashin, also known as Skate Gang, is a 1986 American skater drama film directed by David Winters, and stars Josh Brolin, Robert Rusler, and featuring Pamela Gidley. The film features appearances from many famous skaters such as Tony Alva, Tony Hawk, Christian Hosoi, the film also stars Sherilyn Fenn, who was cast by the director, together with her boyfriend at the time Johnny Depp, who was later rejected by the producer. Cory Webster is a skateboarder from out of town staying in Los Angeles with friends in hopes of competing and winning a downhill competition for which he has been training. Chrissy is not a Dagger herself but has come from her home in Indiana to stay with her brother in L. A. for the summer. Cory and his crew The Ramp Locals often have confrontations throughout the film because of Corys disobedience to Hook when asked not to come around or call Chrissy again, Chrissy, however, can choose her own relationships and has the opposite interest. Cory disobeys and is chased on skateboard through city streets and a garage by The Daggers. He barely escapes by boarding a bus and exiting through the back door, through all of that memorable scene, the Circle Jerks song Wild in the Streets is played, showcasing the connection between 80s hardcore punk rock and skateboarding culture. Upset at Cory, The Daggers find The Ramp Locals half-pipe and burn it to the ground, Cory and Hook later meet up that night, after an earlier confrontation, at the Dagger house. The rivals joust in the Bronson Canyon ditch until Cory is injured, as Chrissy is driving away, Cory runs outside to try to make up with her, but she doesnt hear him behind her. An emotionally upset Chrissy arrives back at the Daggers house, tells her brother she is going back to Indiana and these are all lies, Chrissy is still upstairs packing. Later that night, Chrissy and her brother have a heart to heart about his protectiveness of her as he drives her to the bus station and he starts to miss Chrissy and begins to practice downhill skateboarding. With a broken arm he has to be cautious and proves to not be able to perform as well. Chrissy, having second thoughts, exits her bus on the highway and hitch-hikes back to Los Angeles just in time to see Cory and Hook battle it out in the last turn of the downhill race. Hook flies over the side of the road and Cory speeds through the line at 63 mph off a ramp. He is awarded a contract with Smash Skates and enough money to rebuild the destroyed ramp burnt by the Daggers. Hook tells Cory that he respects his skill and approves Corys relationship with Chrissy, seeing Cory as worthy and respectful, in respecting Cory, Hook, for the first time, is looked at as respectable as well. A. No Country for Old Men, Milk and Wall Street, Money Never Sleeps, ironically, Brolin was first offered, and turned down, the role of Tom Hansen on 21 Jump Street - which ultimately went to Depp. Sixteen years after release, the MTV series Jackass, in a February 2002 episode, played homage to the jousting scene with maces

42.
Dudes (film)
–
Dudes is a 1987 American adventure comedy film directed by Penelope Spheeris and written by Randall Jahnson. Two punks, or dudes, from the big city are traveling across the country in a Volkswagen bug and they try to embrace the western way when they are forced to take revenge against a gang of lowly rednecks for killing their friend. Along the way, they get help from a woman who runs a wrecking service. Rhatigan – Ancel Cook Watts – Wycliffe Young Laughing Bear – Red Wing Rock, amazing Grace – Steve Vai Dudes at the Internet Movie Database

43.
Son in Law
–
Son in Law is a 1993 American comedy film starring Pauly Shore, Carla Gugino, Lane Smith, Cindy Pickett, Tiffani Thiessen, Patrick Renna, Dan Gauthier and Dennis Burkley. This film has a plot to 1989 Indian film Maine Pyar Kiya. Rebecca Warner moves from her small town in South Dakota to attend college in Los Angeles at California State University. On her first day, she and her parents Walter and Connie meet Crawl, when Thanksgiving break approaches, Becca realizes that Crawl has nowhere to go, and she invites him to visit her family. At dinner, Becca realizes that Travis wants to marriage to her. Unable to come up with anything off the cuff, Crawl tells them that he has already proposed and this upsets Beccas family who develops a disdain for Crawl, and Travis who becomes so jealous he punches Crawl in the face. Crawl rebounds though, and begins to prove himself an avid farmer and he also begins to endear himself to the rest of the family, he impresses Beccas little brother Zack with his computer skills, and Zack begins to see him as a big brother. He compliments Connies appearance and helps to bring her out of her shell for Walter, and when Walters father Walter Sr. has heart problems, Crawl tries to help by performing CPR. Walter Senior quickly recovers when he see Crawl atop him, while shopping for clothes, Crawl meets Tracy, a friend of Beccas from school. Rebecca furiously calls off the wedding, but Crawl and Tracy cant defend themselves as they remember the night before. Crawl leaves to head back to L. A. while Travis--who had been seeing Tracy on the side--berates her on her behavior the night before. When she gets in her car though, she finds the seat suspiciously left all the way back, picking up Crawl attempting to hitchhike, they return to the house and confront Travis and Theo while the Warners are sitting down to Thanksgiving dinner. Hoping to get out of trouble, Theo confesses that they drugged them, Becca stands up to Travis, who is immediately knocked down by Crawl who reveals he majored in karate for two semesters at school. After kicking Travis and Theo out, Tracy is invited to sit with the Warners while Walter offers his son-in-law a chance to cut the turkey, the promotional poster for the film is a parody of the painting American Gothic. The opening title sequence and graduation ceremony scene were filmed at Wasco High School, located in Wasco, to promote the film, MTV ran a contest to marry Pauly Shore in Las Vegas. Tanya Cinotti of Salisbury, Massachusetts, won the honor and the wedding was set for July 2,1993, though there was a ceremony, no marriage certificates were signed. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 21% based on reviews from 19 critics, the Los Angeles Times suggests the film is trying to be a comedy version of Guess Whos Coming to Dinner although the lead character is genuinely a destructive jerk. The film is given some praise for its bright surface, brisk direction and even a few funny performances but the reviewer bemoans laborious innuendoes

44.
The Big Lebowski
–
The Big Lebowski is a 1998 American crime comedy film written, produced, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. It stars Jeff Bridges as Jeffrey The Dude Lebowski, a Los Angeles slacker and he is assaulted as a result of mistaken identity, after which The Dude learns that a millionaire also named Jeffrey Lebowski was the intended victim. Julianne Moore and Steve Buscemi also star, with David Huddleston, John Turturro, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Sam Elliott, Tara Reid, David Thewlis, the film is loosely inspired by the work of Raymond Chandler. The original score was composed by Carter Burwell, a collaborator of the Coen brothers. The Big Lebowski was a disappointment at the U. S. box office, in 2014, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress, being deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. A spin-off based on Turturros character, titled Going Places, is filming, with Turturro also acting as writer. The two soon realize they have attacked the wrong Jeffrey Lebowski and leave, but not before one of them urinates on the Dudes rug, the Dude meets his bowling friends, the timid Donny and the temperamental Vietnam War veteran Walter Sobchak. Encouraged by Walter, the Dude approaches the other Jeffrey Lebowski, the eponymous Big Lebowski, the Dude subsequently meets Bunny, Lebowskis young trophy wife. Days later, Lebowski contacts the Dude stating that Bunny has been kidnapped, Lebowski wants the Dude to deliver a briefcase containing a million-dollar ransom and see if he can recognize the culprits. Later, a different pair of thugs appear in the Dudes apartment, knock him unconscious, when Bunnys kidnappers call to arrange delivery of the ransom, Walter suggests they give the kidnappers a fake ransom instead, namely a briefcase filled with dirty underwear. The kidnappers grab the fake ransom and leave, later that night, the Dudes car is stolen, with the real ransom money briefcase still inside. Jeffrey Lebowskis adult daughter Maude contacts the Dude and reveals she took the rug and she reckons that Bunny kidnapped herself and asks the Dude to recover the ransom which her father illegally withdrew from the familys foundation. Lebowski is angry that the Dude failed to deliver the money and shows him a severed green-painted toe, allegedly belonging to Bunny. Later, a gang of German nihilist musicians invade the Dudes apartment and threaten him, Maude says the German nihilists are actually Bunnys friends. The Dudes car is found by the police without the ransom money, later, while cruising around in the car, The Dude finds the homework assignment of a high school student named Larry inside. Taking this to mean that Larry was the one who stole the car, Walter and The Dude go to his house, when Larry refuses to respond to Walter and the Dudes threats, Walter wrecks a new sports car parked outside which they assume Larry bought with the money. However, a neighbor rushes outside, reveals himself as having just bought the car and angrily wrecks The Dudes car in revenge, the Dude is forcibly brought before Treehorn, who asks about the whereabouts of Bunny and says he wants the money she owes him. He drugs the Dudes White Russian cocktail, causing The Dude to have a sequence involving Maude

45.
Baby Driver
–
Baby Driver is a 2017 action-comedy-crime film written and directed by Edgar Wright and starring Ansel Elgort, Kevin Spacey, Lily James, Jon Bernthal, Eiza González, Jon Hamm and Jamie Foxx. It follows a young driver who is forced to work for a crime boss. The film had its premiere at South by Southwest on March 11,2017 and is scheduled to be released in the United States on June 28,2017. A talented, young getaway driver Baby relies on the beat of his soundtrack to be the best in the game. When he meets the girl of his dreams, Baby sees a chance to ditch his criminal life, but after being coerced into working for a crime boss, he must face the music when a doomed heist threatens his life, love and freedom. Ansel Elgort as Baby, a music-obsessed, quiet man who works as the getaway driver for a rotating group of bank robbers. Kevin Spacey as Doc, a boss of the crew. Lily James as Deborah, a waitress and Baby’s innocent girlfriend, Jon Bernthal as Griff, one of the bank robbers. Jon Hamm as Buddy, the party animal and one of the villains, part of the bank robbers gang. Eiza González as Darling, one of the robbers, Buddy’s lawless and scandalous girlfriend. Jamie Foxx as Bats, the impulsive gun-slinging cohort, flea as Eddie No-Nose, one of the bank robbers. Sky Ferreira as Babys mom and the angel of his guard. He later kicked himself when the video became unexpectedly popular, on July 22,2014, it was announced that Edgar Wright, who left the project Ant-Man, would next direct Baby Driver for Working Title Films. Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner and Nira Park would produce the film, on January 13,2015, it was reported that Ansel Elgort was in early talks to join the film, which Sony Pictures Entertainment would release through TriStar Pictures. Emma Stone and Michael Douglas were also being eyed to be cast in the film, on May 7,2015, Lily James was in talks to join the film for female lead to play a waitress and love interest of Elgorts character. Media Rights Capital and TriStar would be co-financing the film together, on September 8,2015, Jamie Foxx was reportedly in talks to join the film. On October 20,2015, Jon Hamm signed on to star in the film to one of the villains, part of the bank robbers gang. On November 3,2015, Kevin Spacey was cast in the film to play the role of the boss of the crew, on December 16,2015, Eiza González joined the film to play one of the bank robbers and Hamms characters girlfriend

46.
Donnie Thornberry
–
The Wild Thornberrys is an American animated television series that aired on Nickelodeon from 1998 to 2004, with reruns until 2007. The show returned to The 90s Are All That for one night, the show aired on Nicktoonsters in the United Kingdom. Factorys acquisition of the title in February 2011, all 5 seasons have been released on DVD, the series focuses around a nomadic family of documentary filmmakers known as the Thornberrys, famous for their televised wildlife studies. The gift enabled her to talk to the Thornberrys pet chimpanzee Darwin, the Wild Thornberrys was produced by Klasky Csupo for Nickelodeon. It premiered in September 1998, and was the first Nicktoon to exclusively use 22-minute stories, characters were designed to appeal to various demographics, the sarcastic teen for older girls and the jungle boy for younger boys. Chicago Sun-Times noted the series was at the forefront of a new trend that saw parents being at the forefront of childrens TV shows, multichannel News thought the series was one of the best for children on TV. Knight Ridder called the series sympathetic, the Native Voice complimented the series on its commitment to fun, adventure, detail, accuracy, and honesty. By November 1998, the show had been averaging a 6.2 rating, in December 1998, the show was the most-watched new cartoon on television. In December 2000, the series was Nickelodeons #2 show after Rugrats, Nickelodeon released all five seasons on DVD in Region 1 via Amazon. com through its CreateSpace Manufacture-on-demand program in 2010. Season 1 was released on June 24,2010, Seasons 2 through 5 were released on December 1,2010 All of these releases are now discontinued, on February 16,2011, it was announced that Shout. Factory had acquired the rights to the series and would be releasing season 1 on DVD on May 17,2011, Season 1 was released on May 17,2011 followed by Season 2, Part 1 on November 8,2011. Season 2, Part 2 was released on April 24,2012, Season 2, Part 3 was released on January 15,2013, as a Shout Select title. Season 3 was released on June 11,2013 as a Shout Select title, Seasons 4 and 5 were released in a box set on September 10,2013 as a Shout Select title. Factory released The Wild Thornberrys, The Complete Series on DVD in Region 1, in Australia, all 5 seasons have been released via Beyond Home Entertainment. A 13-disc set titled The Wild Thornberrys, The Essential Episodes was released on June 3,2015, factory select title, sold exclusively through Shouts online store. The Wild Thornberrys Movie, This theatrical earned an Academy Award nomination, Rugrats Go Wild, This theatrical film was the final Rugrats film, and a crossover between Rugrats and The Wild Thornberrys. The Wild Thornberrys, Rambler The Wild Thornberrys, Animal Adventures The Wild Thornberrys Movie Rugrats Go Wild, the Wild Thornberrys at the Internet Movie Database

Rock am Ring and Rock im Park
–
The Rock am Ring and Rock im Park festivals are two simultaneous rock music festivals held annually. While Rock am Ring takes place at Mendig on an old airbase, Rock im Park takes place at the Zeppelinfeld in Nuremberg, both festivals are usually regarded as one event with a mostly identical lineup for both festivals. All artists perform one day at

1.
The Prodigy performing at Rock am Ring in 2009

2.
Center Stage 2013, the German rapper Cro performing

3.
Rock am Ring 2006 stage, Dir en grey shown

4.
Rock am Ring 2007 main stage, 30 Seconds to Mars

Melbourne, Victoria
–
Melbourne is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria, and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name Melbourne refers to an urban agglomeration spanning 9,900 km2, the metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon

3.
"Canvas Town", South Melbourne in the 1850s depicting temporary accommodation for the thousands who poured into Melbourne each week during the gold rush.

4.
Lithograph of the Royal Exhibition Building, built to host the Melbourne International Exhibition of 1880

Australia
–
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the worlds sixth-largest country by total area, the neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to t

1.
Aboriginal rock art in the Kimberley region of Western Australia

3.
Portrait of Captain James Cook, the first European to map the eastern coastline of Australia in 1770

4.
Tasmania's Port Arthur penal settlement is one of eleven UNESCO World Heritage-listed Australian Convict Sites.

Funk rock
–
Funk rock is a fusion genre that mixes elements of funk and rock. Funk rock is a fusion of funk and rock, many instruments may be incorporated into the music, but the overall sound is defined by a definitive bass or drum beat and electric guitars. The bass and drum rhythms are influenced by funk music but with more intensity, while the guitar can b

Alternative rock
–
Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to e

1.
One of the first popular alternative rock bands, R.E.M. relied on college-radio airplay, constant touring, and a grassroots fanbase to break into the musical mainstream.

2.
Kim Gordon and Thurston Moore of Sonic Youth

3.
Robert Smith of The Cure rejects the genre labels like alternative, gothic rock, and college rock applied to his band. He has said, "Every time we went to America we had a different tag... I can't remember when we officially became 'alt-rock'".

4.
Kurt Cobain (foreground) and Krist Novoselic with Nirvana live at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards.

Funk metal
–
Funk metal is a subgenre of funk rock and alternative metal which infuses heavy metal music with elements of funk. It was prevalent in the mainstream during the late 1980s and early 1990s, the genre has been described as a brief but extremely media-hyped stylistic fad. According to AllMusic, funk metal takes the loud guitars and riffs of heavy meta

1.
Faith No More mixed funk metal with alternative music and experimental music.

2.
Les Claypool, frontman of the funk metal band Primus.

Jazz
–
Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrh

1.
Louis Armstrong (1901–1971) is considered one of the pivotal musicians in jazz for his contributions as a trumpet player, composer and singer.

4.
In the late 18th-century painting The Old Plantation, African-Americans dance to banjo and percussion.

Experimental rock
–
Experimental rock is a subgenre of rock music which pushes the boundaries of common composition and performance technique or which experiments with the basic elements of the genre. From its inception, rock music was experimental, but it wasnt until the late 1960s that rock artists began creating extended, in 1967, the genre was as commercially viab

1.
Einstürzende Neubauten

2.
Sonic Youth

3.
Animal Collective performing live in Prague on October 14, 2008

4.
Prepared guitar

Punk rock
–
Punk rock is a rock music genre that developed in the early to mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia. Rooted in 1960s garage rock and other forms of what is now known as proto-punk music, Punk bands typically produced short or fast-paced songs, with hard-edged melodies and singing styles, stripped-down instrumentation, and o

1.
The Ramones ' 1976 debut album laid down the musical "blueprint for punk", while its cover image had a similarly formative influence on punk visual style.

2.
Johnny Rotten and Steve Jones of the Sex Pistols

3.
The Clash, performing in 1980

4.
British punks, circa 1986

Jazz-funk
–
Jazz-funk is a subgenre of jazz music characterized by a strong back beat, electrified sounds and an early prevalence of analog synthesizers. Jazz-funk is primarily an American genre, where it was throughout the 1970s and the early 1980s. Similar genres include soul jazz and jazz fusion, but neither entirely overlap with jazz-funk, notably jazz-fun

1.
The latter period of trumpeter Miles Davis ' career was controversial for its incorporation of non-jazz idioms

Hardcore punk
–
Hardcore punk is a punk rock music genre and subculture that originated in the late 1970s. It is generally faster, harder, and more aggressive than other forms of punk rock, New York punk had a harder-edged sound than its San Francisco counterpart, featuring anti-art expressions of masculine anger, energy and subversive humor. Hardcore punk general

1.
Punk fans burning a United States flag in the 1980s.

2.
Mike Watt, formerly the bassist for the Minutemen

3.
UK and US zines

4.
Black Flag performing live in 1984

Musician
–
A musician is a person who plays a musical instrument or is musically talented. Anyone who composes, conducts, or performs music may also be referred to as a musician, Musicians can specialize in any musical style, and some musicians play in a variety of different styles. Examples of a musicians possible skills include performing, conducting, singi

1.
Guy Pratt, a professional session musician, playing bass guitar.

Actor
–
Anyone who meets the eligibility requirements may apply for aid, which could vary from medical assistance, paying rent, or finding employment. Heros benefits are not meant to be a permanent crutch for needy creators, any granted aid is kept confidential. The Hero Initiative has two boards of directors, the Executive Board and the Fund Disbursement

1.
The Hero Initiative

Bass guitar
–
The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most co

Vocals
–
Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble o

1.
American jazz singer and songwriter Billie Holiday in New York City in 1947

Trumpet
–
A trumpet is a musical instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group contains the instruments with the highest register in the brass family, trumpets are used in art music styles, for instance in orchestras, concert bands, and jazz ensembles, as well as in popular music. They are played by blowing air through almost-cl

1.
B ♭ trumpet

2.
Written range:

3.
Ceramic trumpet. 300 AD Larco Museum Collection Lima, Peru.

4.
Reproduction baroque trumpet by Michael Laird

Piano
–
The piano is an acoustic, stringed musical instrument invented around the year 1700, in which the strings are struck by hammers. It is played using a keyboard, which is a row of keys that the performer presses down or strikes with the fingers and thumbs of both hands to cause the hammers to strike the strings. The word piano is a form of pianoforte

1.
A grand piano (left) and an upright piano (right)

2.
Grand piano by Louis Bas of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon, France, 1781. Earliest French grand piano known to survive; includes an inverted wrestplank and action derived from the work of Bartolomeo Cristofori (ca. 1700) with ornately decorated soundboard.

3.
Early piano replica by the modern builder Paul McNulty, after Walter & Sohn, 1805

Keyboards
–
A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument played using a keyboard. The most common of these are the piano, organ, and various keyboards, including synthesizers. Other keyboard instruments include celestas, which are struck idiophones operated by a keyboard, and carillons, today, the term keyboard often refers to keyboard-style synthesizers. Ano

1.
The piano, a common keyboard instrument

2.
Bandoneon

3.
Most common

Warner Bros. Records
–
Warner Bros. Records was established on March 19,1958, as the recorded-music division of the American film studio Warner Bros. For most of its existence it was one of a group of labels owned and operated by larger parent corporations. The sequence of companies that controlled Warner Bros. and its allied labels evolved through a series of corporate

1.
The gold, black and red label design used for Warner Bros. stereo albums from 1958 to 1968 and mono albums from 1964 to 1968.

2.
The grey, black, white and yellow label design used for Warner Bros. mono albums from 1958 to 1964 when it switched to the same gold label as the stereo version.

3.
"Cream Puff War" (1967), the first Warner Bros. single by The Grateful Dead, showing the orange label with chevron border used on WBR's American 45s for much of the 1960s.

4.
Beginning in 1968, Warner LP and single label designs became identical. From 1968 to 1970, the label was called Warner Bros.-Seven Arts Records. The basic design and colour scheme of the W7 label were retained after the company name reverted to Warner Bros. Records and the "WB" shield in 1970 and remained in use until 1973.

Red Hot Chili Peppers
–
Red Hot Chili Peppers, also sometimes shortened to The Chili Peppers or abbreviated as RHCP, are an American funk rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1983. The groups musical style consists of rock with an emphasis on funk, as well as elements from other genres such as punk rock. When played live, their music elements of jam band due to the improvis

3.
Chad Smith became the band's drummer through open auditions in November 1988 replacing D.H. Peligro.

4.
Chili Peppers in Amsterdam (Aug. 1989)

Atoms for Peace (band)
–
Yorke formed the band in 2009 to perform songs from his debut solo album, The Eraser. They released an album of material, Amok, on February 25,2013. In 2006, Radiohead singer Thom Yorke released his first solo album, The Eraser and he said, It’s like opening a big Pandoras Box, and I don’t know what direction it’s going to go in. We’ve got these bo

1.
Atoms for Peace performing in 2010

2.
Flea with Atoms for Peace at Fuji Rock Festival 2010

3.
Thom Yorke (front) and Nigel Godrich (back)

Rocket Juice & the Moon
–
Rocket Juice & the Moon is the eponymously titled album by the supergroup of the same name, formed in 2008. The group consists Damon Albarn of Blur and Gorillaz, Flea of Red Hot Chili Peppers and Tony Allen, longtime drummer, the project was announced in mid-2008, however due to various other projects by the band members recording was repeatedly de

1.
Rocket Juice & the Moon

What Is This?
–
What Is This was a rock band that originated in Fairfax High School in California and would play numerous shows along the coast of California. It was formed by guitarist Hillel Slovak, drummer Jack Irons, vocalist Alain Johannes, and bassist Todd Strassman. During their tenure as Anthym, guitarist Hillel Slovak became acquainted with a member at on

1.
What Is This

Fear (band)
–
Fear is a hardcore punk band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1977. The band is credited for helping to shape the sound and style of Californian hardcore punk, the group started out as part of the early California punk rock scene, and gained national prominence after an infamous 1981 performance on Saturday Night Live. Frontman Lee Ving has

1.
Fear performing on the 2010 Warped Tour

Jane's Addiction
–
Janes Addiction is an American rock band from Los Angeles, formed in 1985. The band consists of Perry Farrell, Dave Navarro, Stephen Perkins, Janes Addiction launched with a live self-titled debut album in 1987 and quickly caught the attention of Warner Bros. The bands following first two studio albums, Nothings Shocking and Ritual de lo habitual,

The Mars Volta
–
The Mars Volta was an American rock band from El Paso, Texas, formed in 2001. The bands final lineup consisted of Omar Rodríguez-López, Cedric Bixler-Zavala, Juan Alderete, Marcel Rodríguez-López, the band formed following the break-up of Rodríguez-López and Bixler-Zavalas previous band, At the Drive-In. They are known for their live shows and thei

1.
The Mars Volta on stage at the Vegoose Festival.

2.
Live at Paradiso – Amsterdam October 16, 2005.

3.
Live at Birmingham Academy November 30, 2005 with drummer Jon Theodore.

4.
The Mars Volta playing with John Frusciante in Toronto on September 25, 2006.

Tom Waits
–
Thomas Alan Tom Waits is an American singer-songwriter, composer, and actor. He has worked as a composer for movies and musicals and has acted in supporting roles in films, including Paradise Alley and he also starred in Jim Jarmuschs 1986 film Down by Law. He was nominated for an Academy Award for his work on One from the Heart. Waits lyrics frequ

1.
Waits during an interview in Buenos Aires, Argentina, April 2007

2.
Tom Waits in Prague in 2008

Alanis Morissette
–
Alanis Nadine Morissette is a Canadian-American alternative rock singer-songwriter, musician, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actress. Morissette began her career in Canada in the early 1990s, with two commercially successful dance-pop albums and her following album, Supposed Former Infatuation Junkie, was released in 1998. Morissette t

Young MC
–
Marvin Young, better known by his stage name Young M. C. is an English-born American singer, rapper and actor. He is best known for his 1989 hit Bust a Move and his debut album Stone Cold Rhymin found international acclaim, however, subsequent albums have not reached the same level of success. Young has also appeared in film in acting roles and cam

1.
Young MC at the 1990 Grammy Awards.

Pigface
–
Pigface is an industrial music supergroup formed in 1990 by Martin Atkins and William Rieflin. Pigface was formed from Ministrys The Mind is a Terrible Thing to Taste tour, for the tour, Al Jourgensen brought Atkins, Nivek Ogre and Chris Connelly. Also on the tour was Rieflin, regular Ministry drummer at the time, while Atkins enjoyed the dynamic o

1.
Members of Pigface in 1991 in Palo Alto, California; left to right: Chris Connelly, Nivek Ogre, Martin Atkins

Johnny Cash
–
Johnny Cash was an American singer-songwriter, guitarist, actor, and author. He is widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century and one of the music artists of all time. Although primarily remembered as an music icon, his genre-spanning songs and sound embraced rock and roll, rockabilly, blues, folk. This crossover ap

1.
Cash in 1969

2.
Publicity photo for Sun Records

3.
The Tennessee Three with Cash in 1963.

4.
Johnny Cash and his second wife, June Carter

Rolling Stone
–
Rolling Stone is an American biweekly magazine that focuses on popular culture. It was founded in San Francisco in 1967 by Jann Wenner, who is still the publisher. It was first known for its coverage and for political reporting by Hunter S. Thompson. In the 1990s, the magazine shifted focus to a readership interested in youth-oriented television sh

1.
Cee Lo Green, Adam Levine, Christina Aguilera, and Blake Shelton, on the cover of the February 1, 2012, issue of Rolling Stone

John Entwistle
–
John Alec Entwistle was an English singer, songwriter, composer, musician, film and music producer. In a music career spanned more than 40 years, Entwistle was best known as the original bass guitarist for the English rock band the Who. He was the member of the band to have formal musical training. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fam

1.
John Entwistle in 1976

2.
Entwistle backstage with The Who, 1967

3.
Entwistle playing at Maple Leaf Gardens, Toronto 1976

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
–
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum is a hall of fame and museum located on the shore of Lake Erie in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, United States. In 1986, Cleveland was chosen as the hall of fames permanent home.8 billion, the Foundation began inducting artists in 1986, but the Hall of Fame still had no home. The search committee considered seve

1.
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum

2.
The former Annex in Soho in New York City (now closed)

3.
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (left) sits on the Lake Erie shore next to the Great Lakes Science Center (right) in Cleveland's North Coast Harbor.

4.
The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, showing Lake Erie in the foreground

Suburbia (film)
–
SubUrbia is a 1996 American comedy-drama film written by Eric Bogosian, based on his play of the same name, and directed by Richard Linklater. It follows the relationships between a few young adults as they spend their time standing on the corner outside a convenience store. Bogosian based the story on his own growing up in Woburn, Massachusetts. T

1.
Theatrical release poster

Back to the Future Part II
–
Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 American science-fiction adventure comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Bob Gale. It is the sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future, the film stars Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Thomas F. Wilson, and Lea Thompson and continues immediately following the original film. However, their pres

1.
Original theatrical poster by Drew Struzan

Back to the Future Part III
–
Back to the Future Part III is a 1990 American Science fiction Western comedy film and the third and final installment of the Back to the Future trilogy. The film was directed by Robert Zemeckis, and starred Michael J. Fox, Christopher Lloyd, Mary Steenburgen, Thomas F. Wilson, the film continues immediately following Back to the Future Part II. Wh

1.
Original theatrical poster by Drew Struzan

2.
One of the DeLorean vehicles used in the film

My Own Private Idaho
–
The story follows two friends, Mike and Scott, as they embark on a journey of personal discovery that takes them to Mikes hometown in Idaho and then to Italy in search of Mikes mother. Over the years, Van Sant rewrote the script, which comprised two stories, that of Mike and the search for his mother, and Scotts story as an update of the Henry IV p

1.
Theatrical poster

The Chase (1994 film)
–
Jack Hammond stops at a gas station in Newport Beach, California, where he encounters two police officers and a young woman. Fleeing in her car, Jack soon learns that his hostage is Natalie Voss and they are pursued by two police officers who have a television crew in their squad car filming a Cops-style reality show. The car chase moves onto south

1.
The movie cover for The Chase.

Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (film)
–
Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas is a 1998 American black comedy road film adapted from Hunter S. Thompsons novel of the same name. It was co-written and directed by Terry Gilliam, starring Johnny Depp as Raoul Duke, the two embark on an initially assigned journey with journalistic purpose which turns out to be an exploration of the Las Vegas setting

1.
Theatrical release poster

Thrashin'
–
Thrashin, also known as Skate Gang, is a 1986 American skater drama film directed by David Winters, and stars Josh Brolin, Robert Rusler, and featuring Pamela Gidley. The film features appearances from many famous skaters such as Tony Alva, Tony Hawk, Christian Hosoi, the film also stars Sherilyn Fenn, who was cast by the director, together with he

1.
Theatrical release poster

Dudes (film)
–
Dudes is a 1987 American adventure comedy film directed by Penelope Spheeris and written by Randall Jahnson. Two punks, or dudes, from the big city are traveling across the country in a Volkswagen bug and they try to embrace the western way when they are forced to take revenge against a gang of lowly rednecks for killing their friend. Along the way

1.
Dudes

Son in Law
–
Son in Law is a 1993 American comedy film starring Pauly Shore, Carla Gugino, Lane Smith, Cindy Pickett, Tiffani Thiessen, Patrick Renna, Dan Gauthier and Dennis Burkley. This film has a plot to 1989 Indian film Maine Pyar Kiya. Rebecca Warner moves from her small town in South Dakota to attend college in Los Angeles at California State University.

1.
Theatrical release poster

The Big Lebowski
–
The Big Lebowski is a 1998 American crime comedy film written, produced, and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen. It stars Jeff Bridges as Jeffrey The Dude Lebowski, a Los Angeles slacker and he is assaulted as a result of mistaken identity, after which The Dude learns that a millionaire also named Jeffrey Lebowski was the intended victim. Julianne Moo

1.
Theatrical release poster

2.
Stars Julianne Moore and Jeff Bridges at the 2011 Lebowski Fest

Baby Driver
–
Baby Driver is a 2017 action-comedy-crime film written and directed by Edgar Wright and starring Ansel Elgort, Kevin Spacey, Lily James, Jon Bernthal, Eiza González, Jon Hamm and Jamie Foxx. It follows a young driver who is forced to work for a crime boss. The film had its premiere at South by Southwest on March 11,2017 and is scheduled to be relea

1.
Jan Kerouac in Eugene, Oregon (1983)

Donnie Thornberry
–
The Wild Thornberrys is an American animated television series that aired on Nickelodeon from 1998 to 2004, with reruns until 2007. The show returned to The 90s Are All That for one night, the show aired on Nicktoonsters in the United Kingdom. Factorys acquisition of the title in February 2011, all 5 seasons have been released on DVD, the series fo

2.
Prince Árpád crossing the Carpathians. A detail from the Arrival of the Hungarians, Árpád Feszty 's and his assistants' vast cyclorama (over 1800 m²), painted to celebrate the 1000th anniversary of the Hungarians conquest of Hungary, now displayed at the Ópusztaszer National Heritage Park in Hungary.

3.
Hungarian Conquest of the Carpathian Basin, from the Chronicon Pictum, 1360.