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Previous 2/822‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries [...] Vol XI containing the treaties, & c., relating to Aden and the south western coast of Arabia, the Arab principalities in the Persian Gulf, Muscat (Oman), Baluchistan and the North-West Frontier Province’ [‎211r] (430/822)

431/822 Next‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries [...] Vol XI containing the treaties, & c., relating to Aden and the south western coast of Arabia, the Arab principalities in the Persian Gulf, Muscat (Oman), Baluchistan and the North-West Frontier Province’ [‎212r] (432/822)

‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries [...] Vol XI containing the treaties, & c., relating to Aden and the south western coast of Arabia, the Arab principalities in the Persian Gulf, Muscat (Oman), Baluchistan and the North-West Frontier Province’ [‎211v] (431/822)

Transcription

388 NORTH-WEST FRONTIER PROVINCE— Introduction. Duraud Line which runs on the north and west sides of the tiibal territory. The border may he taken to start from the head of the Kaghan valley whence it runs south-west to the river Indus and thence down the left bank of the Indus to Torbela, where it crosses the river and follows the foot of the hills on the northern and north-western sides of the Peshawar valley to the Khyber Pass. From the Khyber Pass it runs along the foot of the Afridi hills in a southerly and south-westerly direc tion to the mouth of the Kohat Pass and thence nearly due east to the neighbourhood of Cherat, so as to exclude the Kohat Pass and all territory occupied by Afridis, and from its most easterly point turns south and west again to the neighbourhood of Ivohat. From Kohat it runs in a south-westerly direction and passes along the summit of the Samana ridge which separates the Miranzai valley of the Bangash from Orakzai country in Tirah, It touches the Kurram river in the neighbourhood of Thai and thence again runs sharply eastwards so as to exclude the country of the Kabul Khel and othei AA aziis. From, a point in the neighbourhood of Bahadur Khel it turns south west towards Bannu, crossing the Ivurram and Tochi rivers near where they emerge from the hills, and leaving the Bannuchis, Marwats and some of the settled Wazirs in the Bannu district and other Wazirs and the Bhitannis outside it to the west. From the south-west corner of the Bannu district the border crosses the Sheikh- buddin range in the neighbourhood of the Bain Pass and thence runs southwards past Tank in the Dera Ismail Khan district to the Gumal river and then south again to the neighbourhood of Draband where the Dera Ismail Khan district meets the Dera Ghazi Khan dis trict of the Punjab. The tribal country of the Shiranis to the west of the border of the Dera Ismail Khan district is divided between the North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan. The tribes from Hazara to Dera Ismail Khan and the northern limits of Baluchistan who live between the border of the districts and the Durand Line are, with a few insignificant exceptions, of Pathan origin. The population of this belt of tribal territory has never been enumerated, but the number of fighting men is estimated at nearly half a million men, of whom a varying but considerable proportion are well armed. The Treaty between Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Shah Shuja, con cluded in March 1834, {see Vol. I, Part I, pages 4-5), enumerates the frontier territories possessed by the Maharaja: " the Fort of Attoc<, Chach, Hazara, Kabel, Amb, with its dependencies, on the left bank of the Indus: and, on the right bank, Peshawar with the Yusufzai territory, Khattaks, Hashtnagar, Michni, Kohat, and all places depend ent on Peshawar as far as the Khaibar Pass; Bannu, the Wazin terri tory, Dawar, Tank, Girang, Kalabagh and Khushalgarh with their dependent districts; Dera Ismail Khan, and its dependency, together with Dera Ghazi Khan, Kot Mithan and their dependent territory,

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Content

The volume is a fifth edition of a collection of historic treaties, engagements and sanads (charters) signed between representatives of the British Government or East India Company, and foreign rulers, dignitories or government officials, in the regions of Aden, south west Arabia, the Arab coast of the
Persian Gulf
Historically used by the British to refer to the sea area between the Arabian Peninsula and Iran. Often referred to as The Gulf or the Arabian Gulf. , including Muscat and Oman, Baluchistan, and the north-west frontier province (present-day Pakistan). This volume, originally compiled by Charles Umpherston Aitchison, Under Secretary to the Government of India in the Foreign Department, was revised in 1930 and published in 1933 by the Manager of Publications in Dehli, under the authority of the Government of India.

Part 1 contains treaties and engagements relating to Aden and the southwest coast of Arabia:

An historical overview of British (and Turkish) involvement in the region, including descriptions of the treaties and engagements signed;

Treaties and conventions, agreed between the years 1802-1917, at Aden and with the Abdali tribe, the Subeihi, Fadhli, Aqrabi, Aulaqi, Irqa, Lower Haura, Beihan, Yafai, Audhali, Haushabi, Alawi, the Amirate of Dhala, the Wahidi, Kathiri, the Sultanate of Mukalla, Soqotra [Suquṭrā] and Qishn, Yemen, and the Idrisi. The treaties cover agreements of commerce, friendship and protection; agreements for the cession or purchase of land, for the abolition of the slave trade, storage of coal, protection of shipwrecked British sailors.

An historic overview of the agreements made between the British and the region’s rulers, organised by tribes and/or geographical locality;

Agreements and treaties signed with the Wahhābī tribe, including: an agreement between the Wahhābī and British Government over aggression towards the Arab tribes, dated 21 April 1866; a series of conventions and treaties agreed in the 1920s, establishing boundaries and relations between the Kingdom of Najd and its neighbours; the Treaty of Jeddah, dated 20 May 1927;

Agreements and treaties signed with the shaikhs of the Arab coast, relating to respect for British property (1806), piracy (1820), the slave trade (1838, 1873), the maintenance of maritime peace in perpetuity (1853), the Anglo-Qatar treaty (1916); oil exploitation (1922);

Part 3 contains treaties and engagements relating to Oman, chiefly Muscat but also Sohar:

An historical overview of the Sultanate of Muscat, and the agreements made between Britain and Muscat;

Treaties and conventions, agreed between the years 1798 and 1929, including: the exclusion of the French from the Sultan of Muscat’s territories (1798); suppression of the slave trade (1822, 1873); commerce (1839); cession of the Kuria Muria islands [Jazā'ir Khurīyā Murīyā] (1854); the independence of Zanzibar (1861, 1862); telegraphic communications (1864, 1865); jurisdiction of Indian subjects at Muscat (1873); friendship and commerce (1891); coalfields at Ṣūr (1902); arms traffic (1919); prolongation of the commercial treaty (1891); treaty of peace between the Sultan of Muscat and Chief of Sohar (1839).

The treaties and conventions listed for Kelat, agreed between the years 1839 and 1925, include: an engagement between the British Government and the Khan of Kelat (1839), the Khan of Kelat’s allegiance and submission to the British Government (1841); various agreements for the protection of the Indo-European telegraph line; cession of lands for the Kandahar Railway (1880), Mushkaf-Bolan Railway (1894) and Nushki Railway (1906); demarcation of the boundary between Persian Baluchistan and Kelat (1896);

The treaties and conventions listed for Sibi and British Baluchistan, agreed between the years 1884 and 1897, including: cession to the British Government of rights to petroleum and other mineral oils (1885); agreement on the Bargha and Largha boundary line (1895), grazing fees for animals and responsibility for good behaviour within the British border at Zhob, signed by the Suliman Khel Ghilzai (1897).

Part 5 contains treaties and engagements relating to the northwest frontier province:

An historic overview of British involvement and administration of the province;

The appendices contain a number of treaties signed between foreign rulers, including treaties agreed between Muscat and the United States, French and Dutch Governments, as well as British Parliament acts and memoranda related to the treaties and engagements in the volume.

Each part (or region) is further subdivided into a number of smaller units, and in some cases further subdivided into smaller units. These subdivisions can be tribal, geographical and administrative in nature. Within each part, the narrative treaties are numbered with Roman numerals, restarting at I at the beginning of each part.

There is a contents page at the front of the volume (ff.2-17) which lists the geographical regions, their subdivisions and treaties. The contents pages refers to the volume’s pagination system. There is a subject index, arranged alphabetically, at the end of the volume (ff.363-405) which also refers to the volume’s pagination system.

Physical characteristics

Foliation: The volume’s foliation sequence uses circled pencil numbers, located in the top-right corner of the
recto
The front of a sheet of paper or leaf, often abbreviated to 'r'. of each folio. It begins on the first folio with text, on number 1, and ends on the last folio with text, on number 405. Total number of folios: 405. Total number of folios including covers and flysheets: 409.

Pagination: The volume has a series of printed pagination sequences, expressed in Roman numerals for the contents, appendices and index pages, and in Arabic numerals for the volume’s main content matter. These numbers are located in the top-left corner of versos and the top-right corner of rectos.

Copyright: How to use this content

Reference

IOR/L/PS/20/G3/12

Title

‘A collection of treaties, engagements and sanads relating to India and neighbouring countries [...] Vol XI containing the treaties, & c., relating to Aden and the south western coast of Arabia, the Arab principalities in the Persian Gulf, Muscat (Oman), Baluchistan and the North-West Frontier Province’