We investigate phase imaging of supported graphene using amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy (AFM), so called, tapping mode. The phase contrast between graphene and neighbouring substrate grows at hard tapping conditions and the contrast is enhanced compared to the topographic one. Therefore, the phase measurements could enable a high contrast imaging of graphene and related two dimensional materials and heterostructures, not achievable with conventional AFM based topographic measurements. Obtained phase maps are then transformed into energy dissipation maps which are important for graphene applications in various mechanical systems. From fundamental point of view, the energy dissipation gives further insights into mechanical properties. Reliable measurements, obtained in the repulsive regime, show that the energy dissipation on graphene covered substrate is lower than on bare one, so graphene provides a certain shielding in tip-substrate interaction. According to obtained phase curves and their derivatives, as well as according to correlation measurements based on AFM nanoindentation and force modulation microscopy, we conclude that the main dissipation channels in graphene-substrate systems are short range hysteresis and long range interfacial forces.

We investigate the phase imaging of supported graphene using amplitude modulation atomic force microscopy (AFM), the so-called tapping mode. The phase contrast between graphene and the neighboring sub...

Graphene is considered as a promising candidate material to replace silicon for the next generation nanoelectronics due to its superb carrier mobility. To evaluate its thermal dissipation capability a...

Classical nucleation theory predicts that a binary system which is non-miscible in the bulk should become miscible at the nanoscale when lowering its size below a critical size. Here we tackle the pro...

The purpose of this study is to map the energy dissipation of Jurkat cells using a single 60 nanosecond pulse electric field (NsPEF), primarily through atomic force microscopy (AFM). The phase shift i...

A helical type edge state, which is generally supported only on graphene with zigzag boundaries, is found to also appear in armchair graphene nanoribbons in the presence of intrinsic spin-orbit coupli...

Medical and Biotech [MESH] Definitions

Rate of energy dissipation along the path of charged particles. In radiobiology and health physics, exposure is measured in kiloelectron volts per micrometer of tissue (keV/micrometer T).

Chromatography, Gas

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

Interphase

The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs).