6 The Communists Mao Zedong -leader of the Chinese Communist Party1. Communists had a stronghold in Northwestern China2. They mobilized peasants for guerilla warfare against the Japanese.3. Due to the efforts to improve food production, the Communists won support in NW China by 1945

9 The Nationalists Jiang Jieshi –leader of Nationalist ChinaDominated southwest China and protected from the rugged mountain ranges.With an army of 2.5 million and aided by the U.S. to fight Japan, they did little WWII.Instead, the saved up their strength to fight Mao’s Red Army after WWII ended

12 The Chinese Civil War The renewed Civil War lasted from 1946-1949Nationalist Army outnumbered the Communists and they were supported by the U.S.But Nationalists could not win popular supportAs China’s economy collapsed as a result of WWII, thousands of soldiers and civilians switched to the Communist Party

13 The Chinese Civil WarBy 1949, China’s major cities fell to the Red ArmyJiang’s army and government fled south to TaiwanMao’s PromisesGive land back to the peasantsChina became the People’s Republic of ChinaSigned Treaty of Friendship with Russia

15 Two Chinas 1. Taiwan or Nationalist China13,000 square milesAka Republic of ChinaSupported by the U.S.Militarily weak and corruptWeak public supportCommunist or People’s Republic of China3.5 million square milesSupported by the SovietsSoviet-Chinese Alliance to support each other if attacked by the WestExperienced motivated guerilla armyStrong Public Support

17 Communist China ExpandsThe Chinese Red Army expanded into Tibet, India, and Mongolia, brutally took control of Tibet and the Dalai Lama fled to IndiaIndia harbored Tibetan refugees which increased tension between China and India

24 Communist Transformation in China1. Set up two political organizations, both headed by Mao until 1959.The Communist PartyNational Government2. Agrarian Reform Law of Mao seized land of owners and returned it to peasants. He killed over a million people in the process.3. Established a 5 Year Economic Plan to boost industry and business and increased output in steel, concrete, coal, and electricity

26 Communist Transformation in ChinaThe Great Leap Forward (1958)- called for larger collective farms, communes, where peasants worked, lived, dined, and slept together and they owned nothing. Was considered a failure after crop famines killed 20 million people.China and USSR began to compete to lead the worldwide Communist Movement by the late 1950’s.

28 The Cultural RevolutionLed by the Red Guards, militias of Communist supporters.Goal: To establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal.Anything intellectual and artistic were considered uselessRed guards shut down colleges and schools.Intellectuals had to “purify” themselves by doing hard laborThousands were executed and imprisoned.The chaos threatened farm production and industry.The Communist National Army was told to suppress the Red Guards and end the revolution