Authors:

Daniel P. Giovenco and Torra E. Spillane are with the Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Daniel P. Giovenco is also a Guest Editor for this supplement issue.

Authors:

Kate Guastaferro is with the Methodology Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park. Linda M. Collins is with the Methodology Center and the Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University.

Authors:

Gina M. Wingood is with the Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Danielle Lambert and Tiffaney Renfro are with the Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health Education, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Mohammed Ali is with the Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health and the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University. Ralph Joseph DiClemente is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Global Public Health, New York University, New York. Gina M. Wingood is also a Guest Editor for this supplement issue.

We describe a multilevel intervention to enhance adoption of point-of-care HIV and diabetes testing at church health fairs in Atlanta, Georgia. Church leaders viewed a leadership video and subsequently conducted social activities that support testing. After the multilevel intervention, a third of churches hosted HIV and diabetes health fairs, and church leaders engaged in more social activities. Read More

Authors:

Meredith Minkler, is with the School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley. Jessica Estrada is with and Susana Hennessey-Lavery was with the San Francisco Department of Public Health, Community Health Equity and Promotion Branch, San Francisco, CA. Shelley Dyer is with the Tenderloin Neighborhood Development Corporation, Tenderloin Healthy Corner Store Coalition, San Francisco. Patricia Wakimoto is with the Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, Davis. Jennifer Falbe is with the Human Development and Family Studies Unit, Department of Human Ecology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis.

In low-income neighborhoods without supermarkets, lack of healthy food access often is exacerbated by the saturation of small corner stores with tobacco and unhealthy foods and beverages. We describe a municipal healthy retail program in San Francisco, California, focusing on the role of a local coalition in program implementation and outcomes in the city's low income Tenderloin neighborhood. By incentivizing selected corner stores to become healthy retailers, and through community engagement and cross-sector partnerships, the program is seeing promising outcomes, including a "ripple effect" of improvement across nonparticipating neighborhood stores. Read More

Authors:

Ralph DiClemente is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, NY. Azure Nowara, Rachel Shelton, and Gina Wingood are with the Lerner Center for Public Health Promotion and the Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. Azure Nowara, Rachel Shelton, and Gina Wingood are also Guest Editors for this supplement issue.

The recent conference Turning the Tide: A New Generation of Public Health Interventions highlighted the need to utilize innovative and emergent methodologies to confront increasingly complex public health challenges. In this commentary, we discuss three dominant themes from the conference: addressing multiple levels of causality in reducing health problems; technology-based methodologies to enhance health promotion; and improving translation and sustainment of effective health promotion programs. The subsequent articles, included in this supplement issue of AJPH, provide compelling examples and arguments supporting these progressive approaches to public health promotion. Read More

Authors:

Jelani Kerr is with the Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY. Melissa Atlas is with the School of Social Work, University of Louisville. Wayne Crabtree, Yu-Ting Chen, and Sarah Moyer are with the Louisville Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness, Louisville, KY.

Amid an opioid epidemic and increasing HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) concerns, the Louisville Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness developed syringe exchange programming (SEP) to reduce HIV and HCV transmission, increase linkage to health care, and provide health education to clients in Louisville, Kentucky. We describe organizational, community, and policy factors contributing to SEP development. Approximately 8000 clients received SEP services from June 2015 to December 2016. Read More

Authors:

Art Van Zee is with the St. Charles Clinic, Stone Mountain Health Services, St. Charles, VA. David Fiellin is with the Departments of Medicine and Emergency Medicine and the Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, and the Department of Health Policy and Management and the Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT.

Authors:

Itai Bavli is with the Interdisciplinary Studies Graduate Program and the W. Maurice Young Centre of Applied Ethics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Shifra Shvarts is with the Moshe Prywes Center for Medical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, and The Israel National Institute for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Tel Hashomer, Israel.

In July 1973, a study at the University of Chicago linked radiation treatment during childhood to a variety of diseases, including thyroid cancer. A few months later, a worker at Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago, Illinois found a registry of 5266 former patients who had been treated with radiation during the 1950s and 1960s. Hospital officials decided to contact these patients and arrange for follow-up medical examinations. Read More

Authors:

At the time this editorial was written, Pauline Lubens was with the Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine. Roxane Cohen Silver is with the Department of Psychological Science, the Program in Public Health, and the Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine.

Authors:

Hilary K. Seligman is with the Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and with Feeding America, Chicago, IL. Morgan Smith is with the Community Health and Nutrition Team at Feeding America. Ilya Golovaty and Sophie Rosenmoss are with the Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco. Elaine Waxman is with the Income and Benefits Policy Center, Urban Institute, Washington, DC.

Authors:

Mike Swain is with the Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, and the Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville.

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Authors:

Donna Spiegelman is with the Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, and professor emerita in the Departments of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Nutrition and Global Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Xin Zhou is with the Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health.

Authors:

Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez is with the Department of Noncommunicable Disease and Cancer Epidemiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain, and the Department of Noncommunicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England. Daniel Redondo-Sanchez is with Department of Noncommunicable Disease and Cancer Epidemiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. Michael Schomaker is with the Center for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Research, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.

Authors:

Teresa Cutts is with the Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC. Gary Gunderson is with the FaithHealth Division, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem.

Authors:

Julio C. Ramos is with the 2021 medical student class at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY. Wil Lieberman-Cribbin, Christina Gillezeau, Naomi Alpert, Maaike van Gerwen, Stephanie Tuminello, and Emanuela Taioli are with the Institute for Translational Epidemiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Raja Flores is with the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

Authors:

Ellen Idler is with the Department of Sociology and the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA. Jeff Levin is with the Institute for Studies of Religion, Baylor University, Waco, TX. Tyler J. VanderWeele is with the Department of Epidemiology, T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA. Anwar Khan is with Islamic Relief USA, Alexandria, VA.

Authors:

John S. Santelli is with the Department of Population and Family Health and the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY. Laura D. Lindberg is with the Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY. Stephanie A. Grilo is a PhD candidate in sociomedical sciences at Columbia University. Leslie M. Kantor is with the Department of Urban-Global Public Health, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway Township, NJ.

Authors:

David U. Himmelstein and Steffie Woolhandler are with Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. Robert M. Lawless is with the University of Illinois College of Law, Champaign. Deborah Thorne is with the Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Idaho, Moscow. Pamela Foohey is with the Maurer School of Law, Indiana University, Bloomington.

Authors:

LaPrincess C. Brewer is with the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN. David R. Williams is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and the Department of African and African American Studies and of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.

Authors:

Nancy Breen and Xinzhi Zhang are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. James S. Jackson is with the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Fred Wood is with the National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD. David W. S. Wong is with the Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Nancy Breen is also a Guest Editor for this supplement issue.

Authors:

Susan P. Bagby is with the Bob and Charlee Moore Institute for Nutrition and Wellness and the Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland. Damali Martin is with the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Stephanie T. Chung is with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH. Nishadi Rajapakse is with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH.

The ongoing epidemic of chronic diseases involves a spectrum of clinical entities now understood to represent late manifestations of progressive metabolic dysfunction initiated in early life. These diseases disproportionately affect disadvantaged populations, exacerbating health disparities that persist despite public health efforts. Excessive exposure to stressful psychosocial and environmental forces is 1 factor known to contribute to population-level disparities in at-risk settings. Read More

Authors:

Nancy L. Jones and Rina Das are with the Division of Extramural Scientific Programs, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), Bethesda, MD. Nancy Breen and Tilda Farhat are with the Office of Science Policy, Strategic Planning, Analysis, Reporting, and Data, NIMHD, Bethesda, MD. Richard Palmer is with the Office of Extramural Research Administration, NIMHD, Bethesda, MD. The authors are also Guest Editors for this supplement issue.

Authors:

Margarita Alegría is with the Disparities Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, and the Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston. Maria Rosario Araneta is with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla. Brian Rivers is with the Cancer Health Equity Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

Authors:

Tanya Agurs-Collins is with the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Rockville, MD. Susan Persky is with the Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD. Electra D. Paskett is with the Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Shari L. Barkin is with the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN. Helen I. Meissner is with the Office of Disease Prevention, NIH, Bethesda. Tonja R. Nansel is with the Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda. Sonia S. Arteaga is with the Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda. Xinzhi Zhang is with Clinical and Health Services Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), Bethesda. Rina Das is with the Division of Extramural Scientific Programs, NIMHD, Bethesda. Tilda Farhat is with the Office of Science Policy, Strategic Planning, Analysis, Reporting, and Data, NIMHD, Bethesda. Rina Das and Tilda Farhat are also Guest Editors for this supplement issue.

Multilevel interventions can be uniquely effective at addressing minority health and health disparities, but they pose substantial methodological, data analytic, and assessment challenges that must be considered when designing and applying interventions and assessment. To facilitate the adoption of multilevel interventions to reduce health disparities, we outline areas of need in filling existing operational challenges to the design and assessment of multilevel interventions. We discuss areas of development that address overarching constructs inherent in multilevel interventions, with a particular focus on their application to minority health and health disparities. Read More

Authors:

Richard C. Palmer and Deborah Ismond are with the Office of Extramural Research Administration, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Erik J. Rodriquez is with the Division of Intramural Research; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Bethesda. Jay S. Kaufman is with the Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec. Richard C. Palmer is also a Guest Editor for this supplement issue.

Authors:

Deborah Duran is with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Yukiko Asada is with Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Joseph Millum is with the Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, and Fogarty International Center, NIH, Bethesda. Misrak Gezmu is with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda.

Authors:

All of the authors are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.

We introduce the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) research framework, a product that emerged from the NIMHD science visioning process. The NIMHD research framework is a multilevel, multidomain model that depicts a wide array of health determinants relevant to understanding and addressing minority health and health disparities and promoting health equity. We describe the conceptual underpinnings of the framework and define its components. Read More

Authors:

Luisa N. Borrell is an Associate Editor of AJPH and with Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY. Roger Vaughan is an Associate Editor with AJPH and is with the Department of Biostatistics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY.

Jennifer Alvidrez, Anna María Nápoles, Rina Das, and Tilda Farhat are with the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD. Guillermo Bernal was with the Office of the President, Carlos Albizu University, San Juan, PR, during the time of essay preparation. Jacqueline Lloyd is with the National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH. Victoria Cargill is with the Office of Research on Women's Health, NIH. Dionne Godette is with the Office of Disease Prevention, NIH. Lisa Cooper is with the Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD. Maria Yellow Horse Brave Heart is with the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Rina Das and Tilda Farhat are also Guest Editors for this supplement issue.

Many evidence-based interventions (EBIs) have been developed to prevent or treat major health conditions. However, many EBIs have exhibited limited adoption, reach, and sustainability when implemented in diverse community settings. This limitation is especially pronounced in low-resource settings that serve health disparity populations. Read More

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