Toph is commonly identified as an extremely talented and masterful earthbender. She has the elemental ability to geokinetically/terrakinetically manipulate, reshape and control rocks and dirt, and later, metallic substances and fine sand. In the show, she is the only child of the wealthy Beifong family, whose symbol is a winged boar. Toph has been blind since birth, but due to her extensive earthbending skills, she can locate objects and their movements around her by sensing their vibrations (mechanoreceptor). She travels along with Aang and his friends as his earthbending teacher.

Toph was initially conceived as a sixteen-year-old boy that was athletic and muscular, designed to be a foil to Sokka.[1] As the series progressed and the time came closer to the introduction of an Earthbender that would join the main characters, head writer Aaron Ehasz introduced the idea of a little girl being able to defeat strong and muscular adult Earthbenders, which though found humorous by some of the staff, was initially rejected by Avatar co-creator Bryan Konietzko. Following several long discussions, Konietzko stopped fighting the idea and warmed up to it, after which Toph was made female and introduced into the series, becoming one of Konietzko's favorite characters. The character's original design was recycled into the appearances of minor characters The Boulder and Sud.[2] Her original design greatly influenced the appearance of Bolin in The Legend of Korra. Her Earth Rumble outfit, the clothing she wears for the majority of Avatar: The Last Airbender, was inspired by European fashion styles.[3]

Toph was favored by the creators to return in The Legend of Korra after the appearances of both Katara and Zuko, DiMartino writing that it "never quite made sense" for there to be a trip to the swamp, where she was located, during the third season. In the following season, she was meant to serve as a foil to Korra with her "gruff mentoring style" contrasting the reserved Korra. Her design became a subject of difficulty for the staff, who wanted her to return to the size of her twelve-year-old self from the original series despite flashbacks in the earlier part of The Legend of Korra showing her as having grown in height. Konietzko was content with the staff's wishes but wanted her shortened height to come from her having become hunched since then. Artists had issues carrying out this design, resulting in multiple takes.[4]

Toph is fiercely independent, direct, belligerent, and practiced in taunting and insulting her opponents[5] and on occasion her friends, particularly Sokka.[6] On several occasions Toph appears picking her nose, spitting, and belching loudly. As she explained to Aang and his companions, she does this intentionally as a rebellion against the principles of refined culture that her aristocratic parents attempted to make her conform to. If the situation absolutely requires it, she actually knows how to behave in upper-class Earth Kingdom culture much better than Aang's companions do. She is usually covered in dirt, or as she calls it, "a healthy coating of earth".[7]

Despite still retaining much of her strength as an Earthbender even in her advanced age, Toph refuses to take part in prolonged conflicts, admitting that she is too old and lacks the energy for such endeavors. She was, however, roused into action against Kuvira, the main antagonist of Book Four: Balance, when she poised a direct threat to her family.

In "The Serpent's Pass", Toph's passport reads 土國頭等護照北方拓芙 (tǔ guó tóu děng hù zhào běi fāng tuò fú), which translates as "Earth Kingdom First Class Passport: Beifong Toph". Here, her name means "supported lotus", which matches her parents' view of their daughter as a flower in need of protection. In "Tales of Ba Sing Se", her name is written as 托夫 (Tuō Fū), which is the phonetic transcription based on the official guide for foreign names. In "The Earth King", her name is reverted to 拓芙. Her last name Beifong (北方) is close to the Mandarin pronunciation of the word "North" (běi fāng). The word 托 (Tuō) also means "to support in one's palm" and is the word used for child care.[8]

Toph's parents view her blindness as a disability and therefore kept her concealed.[5] Despite her handicap, Toph developed special skills by keeping company with the blind 'Badgermoles' that inhabited nearby caves.[9] By imitating their movements, Toph became a master of the martial art known as 'Earthbending'; but kept her ability secret from her family. Toph fought frequently in Earth Rumble, an earthbending lei tai tournament resembling professional wrestling, under the alias "Blind Bandit". By the time Aang and his friends discover Toph at the tournament, she had become champion, holding a 42-0 win-loss record.[5] When her parents learn about this and confine her further, Toph accompanies Aang and his friends as Aang's earthbending instructor. Toph nearly leaves the group after feuding with Katara over not contributing to the group's teamwork, though rejoins them following a meeting with Iroh and encountering Azula for the first time.[10] Toph successfully begins Aang's training of earthbending and slows the descent of Wan Shi Tong's Library, where the group learns the date of the next Day of Black Sun and inadvertently gains an advantage over the Fire Nation, as it sinks, though fails to prevent Appa from being kidnapped by sandbenders.[11] Due to Appa being the group's transportation, they are forced to travel on foot, journeying through Serpent's Pass and preventing a drill from entering Ba Sing Se. Now in the city, she infiltrates the Earth Kingdom Royal Palace, meeting Dai Li,[12] bonds with Katara,[13] encounters Jet and reunites with Appa.[14]

In The Promise trilogy, Toph is revealed to have established the Beifong Metalbending Academy, an instructional institution to help earthbenders learn metalbending, shortly after the end of the television series. She choose her three students (Penga, The Dark One, and Ho Tun) on the basis of her meteorite bracelet shivering in their presence.[15] Though claiming her motives behind founding the school were due to her love of metalbending, in actuality she enjoys bossing people around. Initially worried her students are not capable of being metalbenders, they surprise her with their victory over Kunyo and his firebending students, renewing her confidence in them[16] and she participates in the battle for Yu Dao.[17]

In The Rift trilogy, Toph encounters her father for the first time since the series,[18] though he refuses to acknowledge her as his daughter. Toph prevents others from being killed by debris falling from the mine collapsing,[19] including her father, who reconciles with her as she saves everyone. Following this, she passes out and has her students assist Aang in his battle against the spirit of Old Iron.[20]

In The Legend of Korra, Toph is revealed to have founded Republic City's police force and taught the art of metalbending to her students. Two of her students were her daughters Lin and Suyin.[21] Her daughters mention in passing to Korra that they are actually half-sisters by two different fathers, but their identities were not revealed, and due to as-yet-unexplained reasons neither of Toph's daughters ever knew their fathers.[22] Due to her own strict upbringing, Toph raised the pair as a single parent with essentially no restrictions. But it caused both of them to feel that she was ignoring them as their mutual need for her attention caused them to react in different ways: the older and strict Lin following in her mother's footsteps as a Republic City police officer while the free-spirited Suyin rebelled against Toph by hanging with the wrong crowd. Eventually, Lin caught Suyin driving the getaway car for her criminal friends after a jewel theft, during which Suyin accidentally scarred the right side of Lin's face. Toph was forced to look the other way and tear up the police report because of controversy it would cause before sending Suyin away to live with her grandparents. Toph, feeling guilt over her questionable actions, retired the following year with Lin eventually succeeding her as Republic City's Chief of Police by the time of the first season.

In the third-season episodes, "The Metal Clan" and "Old Wounds", it is revealed that Toph made her peace with a repentant Suyin and spent some years living with Suyin's family in Zaofu, a city of creative metalbenders founded by Suyin. Some years prior to the events of the series Toph left Zaofu and to travel the world in search of enlightenment and had not been seen or heard from since.

Toph appears in the fourth-season episode "Korra Alone", having made a home in the sacred spirit wilds of the Foggy Swamp where Aang's reincarnation, Korra, encounters her. In the episodes "The Coronation" and "The Calling", she assists Korra by removing the remnant liquid-metal poison placed in her body by the Red Lotus through helping her overcome her fears brought about by her past adversaries. Toph returns in the tenth episode, "Operation: Beifong", to aid Lin, her granddaughter Opal, and Bolin, in freeing Suyin and her family from Kuvira's Earth Empire forces. She reveals that Lin's father was named Kanto, a nice man whose relationship with Toph didn't work out.[23]

An illustration of Toph's mechanoreceptor ability to feel minute seismic vibrations through the ground, similar to sonar.

Being blind, Toph's mechanoreceptors and other senses are hyper-sensitive. By grounding herself barefoot, Toph can "see" and "feel" even the most minute seismic vibrations in the earth, be it the presence of trees or the march of ants several meters away, an Earthbending technique dubbed the "Seismic Sense." Toph has acquired an acute sense of hearing, enabling her to recognize people by their voices, discern a person's physical appearance by sound, and overhear distant conversations;[24] and sense falsehood via the individual's subtle breathing patterns, heartbeat, and physical reactions.[25] After taking residence in the Foggy Swamp, Toph claimed her Heightened senses has expanded to point of being fine tuned via the spirit vines with events around the world.

Because she depends on vibrations in the earth, this sense provides Toph a distinct advantage when facing other Earthbenders in combat, who require contact with the ground in any fight.[5] Toph is disadvantaged against airbending opponents who require minimal contact with the ground, and vulnerable to any attacks initiated in mid-air.[5] Terrain that impairs Toph's ability to sense vibrations also hinders her abilities; she has some difficulty with sand, which constantly lacks solidity, preventing her from accurately "feeling" her surroundings.[26] Because Toph relies on sensation in her feet to perform Earthbending, she becomes truly "blind" if the soles of her feet are damaged, as shown when Zuko accidentally burns her feet. Her affinity with the earth is further illustrated in that Toph does not know how to swim and expresses an aversion to flying.[27]

"Earthbending is the element of substance. The key to Earthbending is your stance - you've gotta be steady and strong. Rock is a stubborn element. Unyielding. If you're going to move it, you've gotta be like a rock yourself."

— Toph Beifong (Avatar: The Last Airbender)

Toph is highly skilled in Earthbending which utilizes chinese martial arts techniques of Hóng Quán and Chu Gar Nán Pài Tángláng.[28][29][30][31][32] Earthbending represents the element of substance.[33] It is categorized as the most diverse and enduring of the "four bending arts".[34] Earthbending is the geokinetic ability to manipulate earth, rock, sand, lava, and metals in all their various forms. Earthbending utilizes neutral jing, which involves waiting and listening for the right moment to act decisively. Earthbending involves enduring attacks until the right opportunity to counterattack reveals itself, emphasizes "heavily rooted stances and strong blows that evoke the mass and power of earth", and demands precise stepping footwork to maintain constant contact with the ground. Earthbending parallels Five Animals movements (such as the tiger's hard blows and the crane's affinity to landing gracefully). Earthbending is at its strongest when the feet or hand are in direct contact with the ground, enabling earthbenders to transfer their kinetic energies into their bending for fast and powerful moves. This reliance on direct contact with the earth is a literal Achilles' heel; separating earthbenders from any contact with the earth renders them ineffective.

The series' creators consulted a professional martial artist in the design of the show's fighting style.[35] The primary concepts in Earthbending (i.e. listening, reacting, balancing attacks and defense) and drawing power from a stable lower body are referred to in the practice of neutral jing. The concept of neutral jing relates to the philosophy of "sticky hands". The purpose of sticky hands is to enable the practitioner to predict their opponent's next move. Similar to Toph detecting the movements of others through her connection with earth, a practitioner learns to detect their opponent's upcoming move by maintaining constant contact between their own arms, hands or wrists, and their foe's arm. By practicing with a partner in this manner, a practitioner learns to "read" the slight movements of their opponent's arms to detect their next attack and subsequently move accordingly to neutralize it.

Throughout Avatar: The Last Airbender, Toph is the first Earthbender known to bend metal. When Toph is imprisoned in iron, the sadhu Guru Pathik explains to Aang in a parallel scene that metal is refined earth; whereupon Toph locates the iron's impurities and manipulates them to "bend" the metal portion.[36] She practices and hones her initially unique skill throughout the rest of the series, later teaching it to other Earthbenders prior to the events of the Legend of Korra. However, while revealing Korra to still have traces of a metal-based poison in her body, Toph explained her daughters did not fully master her metal bending styles well enough to sense even small traces of metal inside one's own body.

Toph becomes proficient in sandbending, a more common earthbending technique, to the point where she can swiftly produce a detailed sand sculpture of Ba Sing Se. At the beginning she finds it hard to bend sand as it's loose and light. In the second season, it's revealed that she is unable to navigate effectively on sand as it makes everything look fuzzy and blurry to her.[26] But after practicing, she eventually achieves mastery over it.[37]

Reviewer Michael Mammano loved that while Toph "never loses her rough edge, she’s always been deftly humanized", feeling her relationships with her daughters would matter to her and thought it was "incredibly refreshing and feminist" that she had two children with different men because nowhere in the narrative was Toph "questioned or shamed for having children out of wedlock", adding: "She has been canonically confirmed as a woman who had a sex life that was on her terms." Mammano braced for her to die in The Legend of Korra episode "Operation: Beifong", though she survived and felt that as her finale appearance in the series, "it was a great send-off, especially given her parting words."[38] Toph's character was viewed as being "ruined" due to her poor parenting in the eyes of her daughter Lin, along with that of Aang, whose children Bumi and Kya made similar claims of him in The Legend of Korra. Mammano refuted this by reasoning that she was no longer around to defend herself, with the story being told from the perspective of her children and that grown children would never be able to fully understand the rationale of their parents for raising them the way they did.[39]