Articles

CARIRI’s Centre for Enterprise Development (CED): A Central Node in the Innovation Ecosystem

Established in 1970 with technical and financial assistance from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the Caribbean Industrial Research Institute (CARIRI), which is a State-owned entity, has developed a reputation in the region as a multifaceted Institution providing services in the areas of Laboratory and Field Testing, Consulting, Research and Development, Training and Innovation.

Since its establishment, CARIRI has evolved over the years into a widely recognized Centre of Excellence, leading and serving, both the local and regional public and private sectors, through innovation and technology. In this regard, it is considered in many quarters as a valuable Caribbean asset.

Housing state-of-the-art equipment, complemented by experienced and knowledgeable staff, CARIRI is highly capable of serving a wide range of industries; which includes the petrochemical, biotechnology, environmental, manufacturing, agri-business, tourism and ICT sectors, among others.

The Centre for Enterprise Development (CED) is a flagship development of CARIRI aimed at facilitating Research, Development and Innovation capacity building and fostering business creation and expansion through the Incubation process. It is what can be deemed a central node in the Innovation Ecosystem since it provides the space, both virtual and physical, for thoughts, ideas and inventions to be transformed into products and services. It constitutes a unique environment in which hi-tech entrepreneurs, world-class business people, academics, researchers, venture capitalists and people with ideas can meet, network and grow.

The CED houses a Business Hatchery which hosts a series of workshops for budding and growing entrepreneurs over a duration of three (3) months. The Business Hatchery works with early stage entrepreneurs helping them to further develop their project initiatives, which entails, in a number of instances, advancing from proof of concept to proof of business over the three months. Cycle #8 is carded to commence on the 14th January, 2017.

After the Business Hatchery, graduates can choose to branch off on their own or go into the next phase of CARIRI’s support network in the form of a Business Incubator which caters for both in-house (providing a space for business owners to conduct their work from a set location) and virtual tenants. The Business Incubator takes place over a 12-month period and clients, referred to as “Incubatees”, have access to technical and business support supplied from a pool of highly qualified consultants and specialist mentors in relevant fields of expertise. Through a comprehensive support base, clients can access a network of national, regional and international experts and skilled human resources.

CARIRI also houses a mobile applications lab, referred to as mCentre. mCentre is the only mobile applications development and testing laboratory and accelerator in the region which incubates high potential mobile app projects. The lab provides world class business and technical training to individuals in mobile application development, and entrepreneurship, across all platforms, viz. Android, iOS, Blackberry and Windows. Always looking for new and exciting ways to promote app development, CARIRI’s mCentre is involved in the Caribbean Mobile Innovation Project (CMIP), which is a regional mobile app development programme designed to promote this sector within the Caribbean region. The CMIP provides hands-on training, skills-building and mentorship to developers from across the region, as well as access to investors. There are currently hubs in six Caribbean countries which ensure start-ups across the region benefit fully from the Programme.

Also housed in the CED compound is the Microsoft Innovation Centre (MIC). CARIRI and Microsoft Trinidad and Tobago have partnered to establish the MIC in Trinidad, with the potential to establish links throughout the Caribbean. This facility was established with the primary objective of contributing to the diversification of the country’s economy through the development of a local software industry, thereby fostering new business creation and strengthening existing SMEs in specific industry verticals.

CARIRI also has a 3D Printing Laboratory at the CED. The 3D Lab serves to promote, and facilitate access to, rapid prototyping technology and 3D modeling services. The Lab affords the opportunity to demonstrate the innovative capabilities of the machinery and software.

A Technology Incubator is also housed at the CED. This consists of partitioned bays that house food processing equipment for demonstration of different process lines. Each process line can be licensed to suitable investors under a Technology Package. The Technology Package includes, but is not limited to, product formulation, plant layout, equipment specifications, potential equipment suppliers, packaging specifications, profitability analysis, etc. At present, some of the lines catered for at the facility are: Oyster Mushrooms, Cassava based breakfast cereal (Cassola), Garlic and Soy.

One of the newest additions to the CED's activity base is the Idea Advisory Service (IAS). The IAS is a Programme implemented by CARIRI with technical support from the Danish Technological Institute (DTI). It is modeled along the lines of the DTI's Inventor Advisory Service (IAS). DTI has been providing this service in Denmark in excess of forty years. Many great ideas are not commercialized because of a disconnect between the idea, what the market wants and how the product or service is evaluated by the market. The Idea Advisory Service seeks to close this gap by working with ideators/inventors to establish novelty and market validation, as well as proof of business. Once proof of business has been established, there are two available pathways to commercialization, i.e. via business start-up or licensing. Under the IAS, CARIRI is committed to assisting the potential entrepreneurs in pursuing either of the pathways.

CARIRI has been able to establish the link with DTI through its membership in the World Association of Industrial and Technological Research Organizations (WAITRO) which is headquartered in Malaysia. CARIRI is a founding member of WAITRO and its Chief Executive Officer currently holds the position of Second Vice President of the Association. Membership in WAITRO affords CARIRI access to the technical know-how, experience and breakthrough research of over 160 Research and Technology Organisations (RTOs) from over 70 countries.

As a follow up to the establishment of the IAS, CARIRI, recognizing the critical need to contribute to fostering Innovation capacity building in the private sector, as an integral part of its Innovation Facilitation thrust, is in the process of implementing an Innovation Gap Analysis Programme (IGAP). The Programme, which entails reaching out to companies to assist them in developing/implementing innovative project initiatives, is being effected with additional support from the DTI. In this regard, select members of CARIRI's staff are being trained to go out into companies; ascertain the status of innovation activity; undertake gap analyses; identify and shortlist interventions, in collaboration with the company's senior management personnel; and assist the companies in implementing the identified innovation interventions in their organizations. Thus far, research conducted has shown that a sizeable number of companies are interested in accessing the service, with some of them having plans to implement innovative project activity. This notwithstanding, a number of companies are constrained in so doing, in terms of resource accessibility and mobilization; and this is where CARIRI is seeking to bridge the gap.

Overall, CARIRI has been affording priority to enhancing its contribution to economic diversification and, through its close involvement with the private sector, can be a model for public-private partnership. By focusing its efforts on Innovation Facilitation, CARIRI is leading the way in effecting technological advancement and economic transformation and thus fulfilling the role of a central node in the Innovation Ecosystem; a role that will redound to the benefit of the citizens and businesses of Trinidad and Tobago and, by extension, the entire Caribbean region.

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Managing Wastewater in Trinidad and Tobago

It is a growing challenge to meet human needs by providing a source of clean and affordable water. This has become quite evident over the last few years and is a problem that needs to be solved as soon as possible. The increasing demand for clean water, population growth, climate change and water quality deterioration are some of the factors that contribute to the pressures for improved wastewater management.

Wastewater can often mean different things to different people. It generally comprises of a mixture of domestic wastewater from baths, sinks, washing machines, toilets and from industry. Additionally it will often contain rainwater runoff (storm water) from roads, roofs and other impermeable surfaces. Generally it is water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic or human influence and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and concentrations.

As concerned citizens, we cannot allow wastewater to be disposed of in any precarious manner that may be dangerous to human health or pose potentially damaging effects on the environment. Despite the fact that the environment is amazing in its ability to heal itself, there is still a limit to what it can do and how much it can tolerate and transform.

As Trinbagonians, we often enjoy bathing in clean beaches and pristine rivers with our family. It brings a feeling of family togetherness and happiness. In order for this to happen, it is important to have our wastewater treated before being released into the environment. This includes a combination of proper collection, treatment, discharge of wastewater and proper disposal of the resulting sludge. This will provide the possibility of clean water to be returned to the environment and so allow water to be used for various purposes including fisheries and family outings to the rivers and beaches. To assist with this, The Water and Sewerage Authority (WASA) is responsible for the collection, transmission and disposal of wastewater in Trinidad and Tobago. It achieves this objective mainly through the Public Sewerage Systems in Port of Spain, San Fernando, Arima, Point Fortin and Scarborough Tobago.

It may often be questioned by many citizens why a lot of emphasis must be placed on treatment. We don’t like to encounter the scent of raw sewage as we enter our beautiful beaches or even the sight of oil spills covering our beautiful shores. Without proper treatment, the untreated wastewater can create many problems for public health, water resources, wildlife and ecosystem. Besides, being an eye-sore, it can also negatively impact the social and economic well-being of societies.

It has been documented that poor disposal practices can result in high Coliform counts in the coastal environment which can lead to health problems such as dysentery and typhoid fever. It can also affect the livelihood of the community, cause eutrophication (algal blooms) in bays and harbors that may result in death of many fish and aquatic organisms and even damage our coral reefs. In fact, untreated wastewater may cause significant damage to coral reefs which may strongly affect the employment opportunities for many individuals particularly related to coral reef fishing and tourism. This in turn may heavily impact the economy, especially in Tobago since it is highly reliant on tourism as it main form of economic gain. The coral reef is highly valuable and offers many services related to fisheries, tourism and shoreline protection. It was valued to contribute about $100 - $130 million to the national economy in Tobago (WRI 2006). Coral reef associated fisheries as a livelihood has also been estimated to contribute between US$18-$33 million per year. It must be noted that these were estimated as significant economic contributions to Tobago’s GDP which was $286 million in 2006. Hence this deterioration of the aquatic environment together with indiscriminate release of untreated wastewater has indeed become a serious issue.

At present, only 20% of domestic wastewater produced in Trinidad and Tobago is collected and from that only 5% of total domestic wastewater is treated and disposed of (WRI 2014). It was noted that in the Caribbean (although Trinidad and Tobago had the highest population access to centralized wastewater systems) only 30% of the population is sewered and serviced by the wastewater authority while 70% of the population is serviced by septic tanks, soakaways and pit latrines.

Based on the recent findings, many people have often questioned whether wastewater treatment is sufficient in Trinidad and Tobago. In 2004, the results of a survey (GIWA Regional Assessment for the Caribbean Small Island subsystem) indicated that wastewater treatment is often absent or insufficient in many Caribbean countries, including Trinidad and Tobago. Despite the fact that numerous efforts were made to reduce problems associated with wastewater, they have continued to escalate over the past few years.

Factors such as population growth, growth of the industrial sector and the inability of the Caribbean Governments to secure the expansion of sanitary sewerage system are most probably to blame for these problems. Inadequate funding seems to be a major hurdle for most Governments as they are unable to improve and expand the existing sanitary sewerage system. Despite the high cost, the great Mahatma Gandhi once stated that “Sanitation is more important that political independence and there is a need for champions of sanitation”. One of his major goals was always to suggest strategies to improve wastewater management in India and try to reduce the volume of untreated waste entering the rivers courses and coastal waters.

Over the years, the degradation of the aquatic environment as well as the discharge of untreated water has indeed become a serious concern nationally, regionally and internationally. While water is a valuable resource and brings several benefits, untreated wastewater can have serious impacts on public health, water resources, wild life and ecosystems in general. These factors can negatively impact both the social and economic aspect of society.

Globally treated wastewater offers many golden opportunities. While inadequate treatment and lack of recycling and resource approaches can also lead to lost opportunities, reuse and recycling of treated wastewater have proven to be beneficial. These include many applications such as irrigation of areas including public parks, playgrounds, ornamental landscape and golf courses. It can also be used for fire protection, air conditioning and even as boiler feed water or for toilet and urinal flushing in commercial and industrial buildings.

To address the challenges of wastewater, Trinidad and Tobago has developed policies, legislative tools and regulatory linkages to ensure that wastewater management is undertaken in a sustainable manner. Among them include the Water Pollution Rules 2001, Trade Effluent Standard, Water and Sewerage Act, National Environmental Policy, Specification for the Effluent from Industrial Processes Discharged into the Environment TTS 547:1998, Specification for the Liquid Effluent from Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants into the Environment TTS 417: 1993 and Waterworks and Water Conservation Act Chapter 54:41 and Pesticides and Toxic Chemical Act: Act No. 4/1986. These rules in Trinidad and Tobago are enforced by a regulatory body namely the Environmental Management Authority.

As part of the regulatory requirements, companies in Trinidad and Tobago have been asked to voluntarily agree to discharge effluent in conformance with the Permissible Levels of the Water Pollution Rules. It can be quite an expensive, tedious, and sometimes a frustrating task to accomplish at times. Luckily there are providers such as the Caribbean Industrial Research Institute (CARIRI) that can assist easily with these tasks and make the quality of life better.

With population explosion and growing industrial expansion, wastewater continues to enter our coastal and near shore environments untreated causing catastrophic and sometimes irreversible damage to our beautiful and fragile ecosystems. As concerned citizens, we need to ask ourselves if we are doing enough to protect our beautiful environment. After all “we do not inherit the earth from our ancestors, we borrow it from our children.”

Over the past seven years handling the Water Pollution Permit (WPP) and concerns with pollutant concentration, CARIRI found that there was a need for interpretation of results and recommendations/solutions requested by clients. And this need prompted CARIRI to expand its services in the field of Effluent with the establishment of the Effluent Management Solutions (EMS) Unit.

Stimulating Innovative Ideas

Tiffany Krumins had difficulty giving medicine to a child with special needs. She decided that night to create a special medicine dropper that would make the administering of medicine to children easier. She used the recording device of a greeting card and constructed an elephant head in which she hid the dropper. Ava the Elephant was created. This idea has been converted into a million dollar business.

David Segal was only 28 years old when he began David´s Tea in Canada. His tea shop focusses on making tea more appealing to a larger number of people. He works with expert blenders to create new and unique flavours of tea. His flavours are based on trends in the restaurant and baking industry. Within 8 years of opening the first store, the company has been able to expand to 156 stores in Canada and 37 stores in United States.

In both cases above, the persons identified a need in the market and were able to develop a product to match that need. These products were simple and innovative. Innovative ideas can lead to million dollar businesses and ideas can come from any one of us. The capacity to innovate lies within all of us, yet most of us do not tap into this potential. This article seeks to provide some tips on how to generate great ideas.

1. Seek new ways of doing things

Successful ideas always meet customers´ needs. Hence the question then begs how do I identify the market needs that are not being currently served? Being able to identify these needs requires developing a new mindset. Innovative ideas come from persons who have cultivated a desire to always look for better ways to do things. Innovators do not accept the status quo but instead challenge it. Amazon´s founder decided that there was a better way to sell books. Uber was borne out of a desire to make public transportation faster and easier. Building our innovative capability requires each of us to train our minds to consistently seek new or better ways of doing things.

2. Combine unrelated ideas together

A good way to develop innovative ideas is to combine seemingly unrelated ideas or processes. Jorge Odon, an Argentinean car mechanic developed a new device to assist in the delivery of babies. Odon was inspired by looking at a YouTube video showing how to extract a loose cork from a wine bottle. He used this principle in building a device that could be used to remove a baby from the passageway during birth. These were two unrelated ideas that were used to develop an innovative solution. The Internet, social media and increased networking possibilities provide us with the capability to link unrelated ideas together in a way that has not been possible before. The ability to link unrelated ideas together is a skill that can only be developed through practice.

3. Develop a hunger for knowledge

Knowledge is power. This statement is becoming more and more relevant in the world we live in. You must be aware of trends in the market, new and emerging technologies, potential growth opportunities innovative developments and challenges. Developing a hunger for knowledge will help stimulate your innovative capability. Attending conferences or seminars in areas that are unrelated to your expertise or reading magazines or books in areas that are least familiar to you will help you see opportunities for innovation. Socializing outside your normal circles can stimulate exciting conversations and refreshing perspectives.

4. Do something that is fun and relaxing

Most experts agree that it is far easier to be creative when you are doing something that is fun and relaxing. Walt Disney's employees generated some of their best ideas by going for walks in the Disney World parks. Great ideas do not happen in a vaccuum. Step out of your comfort zone, explore and have fun while doing it!

5. Brainstorming exercises

On a specific problem or topic, take 10 minutes to brainstorm with a group of persons as many ideas as possible. Maybe at the end of the exercise, there are one or two of those ideas in the list that are worth pursuing. It is important to record or document the ideas and set up a plan for execution.

6. Sketch your ideas

It may be worthwhile to give yourself the opportunity to sketch your idea on paper or use easily accessible materials, for example, scotch tape, paper clips to demonstrate the idea in operation. After all, the shell of the first computer server ever made at Google by founders, Larry Page and Sergey Brin was actually built from toy Lego blocks.

7. Seek constructive feedback

Innovative products or processes challenge the way we do things. Many of us did not imagine that we would become attached to our mobile phones and the many uses we have found for this device. In 1876, the chief engineer of the British Post Office stated ¨The Americans have need of the telephone but we do not. We have plenty of messenger boys.¨ This technology has transformed the way we communicate. Hence, innovators may be hesitant to seek feedback since there may be many who will not see the potential in their idea. However, because innovative ideas are new and untested, there is need for feedback. Feedback can help to craft the idea for greater acceptance in the market. Google, one of the leading innovative companies, uses feedback to iterate its products. When the company launched Chrome in 2008, it released an updated version every six weeks based on user feedback.

Innovation does not happen easily. It requires conscious effort to consistently seek new ways for improvement.

At CARIRI, our Idea Advisory Service (IAS) platform, which was adapted from the Danish Technological Institute Inventor Advisory service (IAS) provides persons with an opportunity to take their idea to market. The IAS team works with the applicant in assessing the novelty of the idea and advising on which intellectual property tool can be used to secure the idea, identifying and strengthening the benefits of the idea and evaluating market demand for the idea. Once proof of business has been established, we can assist in the development of a demonstration model (pretotype/minimum viable product) where necessary. There are two pathways to commercialization once proof of business has been achieved, the first being via licensing where the expertise of an existing company (market experience, distribution channels and manufacturing resources) can be exploited to commercialize the idea. The IAS Team can identify and network with potential licensees (local, regional or international companies) and negotiate licensing agreements. The inventor receives royalty payments or a percentage of the sales of the product generated by the company. The second pathway to commercialization is via business start-up. CARIRI offers a Business Hatchery Programme which is a three month programme that offers a full suite of workshop sessions, hands-on research and one-on-one business coaching sessions designed to train entrepreneurs on the fundamentals associated with running a business. There is no cost attached to the submission of your idea for screening and all ideas remain confidential as Non Disclosure Agreements are signed with all applicants.

To learn more about the IAS and to submit an idea for assessment, visit our website www.cariri.com or contact us at 299-0209 ext 2208-2212.

WHAT’S LURKING IN YOUR BED?

Ever have an uncomfortable night’s rest, woken up feeling congested, achy or itchy? At first, you might try to recall what you did the day before or start scanning your room looking for probable sources. All this, without realizing that the bed you’re lying in may just be the culprit.

Mattresses, pillows, beddings, upholstery and carpet, by virtue of their design are made up of layers capable of trapping dust, mold spores, bacteria, dust mites, perspiration, skin cells and moisture. Inadequate cleaning practices can put you and your loved ones at risk.

A typical mattress can contain tens of thousands of dust mites and about 100,000 dust mites can live in one square yard of carpet. Let’s focus on dust mites and the potential health effects associated with exposure.

What are Dust Mites?

Dust mites (also called bed mites) are close relatives of ticks and spiders. They are too small to be seen with the naked eye and this contributes to why they often go unnoticed until there is an infestation. Not be confused with bed bugs that are blood sucking, dust mites are not parasites, they do not bite, sting or penetrate our skin.

Where are Dust Mites found and under what conditions?

Dust mites live and multiply easily in warm (21oC or higher) and humid (75% to 80%) places. In the U.S.A, it has been reported that dust mite allergies peak in July and August, when dust mite populations are high because of warm weather. Since Trinidad and Tobago has predominantly warm and humid weather conditions, our local environment provides an excellent breeding ground for dust mites.

Food is rarely a problem for dust mites. They feed mainly on the tiny flakes of human skin that people shed each day. The average adult person may shed up to 1.5 grams of skin in a day, which is sufficient to feed up to one million dust mites. Cats and dogs shed dander at a much higher rate. Rather than drinking water, they absorb water from humidity in the atmosphere (e.g. sources include perspiration and moist breath from a sleeping person).

What are the symptoms of dust mite allergies?

Dust mites themselves are not harmful. The allergenic proteins responsible for causing symptoms are contained within their bodies (alive or dead), the skin they shed, and especially in their feces.

The protein substances in the dust mite feces trigger allergic reactions in susceptible individuals when they are inhaled or when there is skin contact. These allergens cause the release of histamines in the body, which causes nasal congestion, swelling and irritation of the upper respiratory passages.

According to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, common dust mite allergy symptoms include:

Sneezing,

Runny nose,

Itchy, red or watery eyes,

Stuffy nose,

Itchy nose, mouth or throat,

Postnasal drip and

Cough.

Susceptible individuals with asthma may also experience:

Difficulty breathing,

Chest tightness or pain,

A whistling or wheezing sound when breathing out,

Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing.

How you can prevent dust mite infestations

Recommendations generally focus on dust control and humidity control. They include:

Covering mattresses and pillows in dust-proof covers – This has been said to be the most effective since most exposure occurs when individuals are in bed. These allergen-impermeable covers are made of a material with pores too small to let dust mites and their waste product through.

Using special vacuum cleaners with High Efficiency particulate Air (HEPA) filters – When vacuuming carpets and other upholstery, depending on the type of filter, most dust and particulates can escape and become re-distributed in the air. HEPA filters are designed to capture 99.97% of particles, thus reducing the amount of airborne allergens.

Reducing and controlling humidity – Dust mites do not survive well when relative humidity is below 50%. Improving ventilation, installing air conditioning and dehumidifiers can help to reduce populations indoors.

Frequent laundering at high temperatures – Cold water leaves up to 10% of mites behind. Washing with water that is at least 55oC or more can kill dust mites. Dry cleaning also kills all mites and is also good for removing dust from fabrics.

Dust control measures – Other simple dust suppressing methods include mopping as opposed to sweeping, dusting surfaces with a damp cloth and removing or modifying furnishings that accumulate dust and provide habitat for dust mites.

What you can do if you suspect a dust mite issue

Whether you are resting your head at home, a beach house for a long weekend or at a hotel for a business trip you should be mindful of cleaning standards and what may be lurking in your bed.

Reinforcing the concrete structures

Part III :Role of good quality rebars in improving the durability of civil constructions and their endurance to natural disasters

As stated in second Part of this series of report, ASTM A615/A615M has no provisions to control higher values of yield strength (YS), minimum tensile to yield strength ratio and upper limit of tensile strength (TS). These properties of rebars are of utmost importance and that’s why American Concrete Institute (ACI) code, ASTM A706/A706M and most other international codes related to reinforced concrete design for earthquake / huricane prone zones specify a minimum and maximum YS and TS and also a minimum value for TS/YS ratio for rebars which should be > 1.25. At first sight these stringent control of strength parameters seem very perplexing. Why should be a cap at strengths? Is stronger material bad for building structures ? To answer these points we have to understand the role of rebars in concrete structures.

Most of the Caribbean regions are prone to seismic and hurricane activities and their occurrence of high to moderate intensities are very common. The energies generated by these natural calamities are transferred to the structures on the earth. The maximum effect of these energies is on civil structures. If not properly dissipated through a man made system, these structures may have catastrophic collapse of buildings and other structures causing tremendous loss of human lives and properties. Concrete structures possess very high strength in compression but practically have zero endurance to tensile stresses. The natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes cause tensile stresses on structures where a simple concrete with cement, sand and gravels fail miserably. Steel reinforcement bars have good tensile as well as compressive strengths. This material when embedded in concrete substantially imparts tensile properties, namely yield strength, tensile strength and ductility to the erected structures. The yield strength of rebars which is defined as the maximum force per unit area before they start yielding due to the tensile force , is very important and useful in absorption and dissipation of forces caused by natural disasters. A major chunk of these forces transferred to the concrete structures is absorbed by steel rebars during its yielding. However, the yielding force needed to yield rebars should not be too high than the designed strength. The excess YS of rebars will prevent its yielding during the events of natural calamities and forces will be transferred to concrete causing their fragmentation in to big chunks and falling down. The tensile strength of rebars which is the maximum required force before it completely breaks in to pieces, is another very crucial and important parameter that safeguards the concrete structures in event of very high intensity of forces . A higher TS of rebars with their longer elongation properties is good mate for concrete. In view of these facts, ACI, ASTM and other standards prescribe a minimum TS/YS ratio of 1.25. If proper rebars are embedded in concrete structures the losses due to natural disasters can be minimized to a significant extent. Now most of the countries especially in Europe, Asia and North America are following building codes designed incorporating the rebars to withstand / minimize the impact of natural disasters.

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