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Harriet “Moses” Tubman Daniel Hale Williams Dr. Charles Richard Drew Martin Luther King Barack Obama Thurgood Marshall Black History Time Line African-American Biographies Black History Month reflects on, celebrates and honors the African- American experience from the times of slavery through the present day. Everywhere you look, black culture, talent, and expression have played an enormous role in shaping America’s past and present.

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Harriet Tubman Click on the correct answer! 1.What was the Underground Railroad? 1. A train that passed through a 20 mile tunnel 2. A secret system of people that helped slaves escape to the North 3. The railroad for the underground people who never come to the surfaceA train that passed through a 20 mile tunnelA secret system of people that helped slaves escape to the NorthThe railroad for the underground people who never come to the surface 2.How many Underground Railroad trips did Harriet Tubman make in 10 years? 1. 42. 193. 121419121 3.How many slaves did Harriet Tubman help lead to freedom? 1. 3002. 10003. 5,00030010005,000 4.What jobs did Harriet Tubman do during the Civil War? 1. cook, soldier and waitress 2. railroad worker, teacher and hunter 3. nurse, scout and spycook, soldier and waitressrailroad worker, teacher and hunternurse, scout and spy Click here FIRST to read about Harriet Tubman, then take the quizClick here FIRST to read about Harriet Tubman, then take the quiz! Click here to travel the Underground Railroad Back to menu

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Click on the correct answer 1.What did Dr. Drew invent? 1. Open heart surgery 2. Blood bank 3. Plastic surgeryOpen heart surgeryBlood bankPlastic surgery 2.What did Dr. Drew discover that was so important? 1. That blood is red 2. That people can live a long time without blood 3. That plasma will store longer than whole bloodThat blood is redThat people can live a long time without bloodThat plasma will store longer than whole blood 3.What organization copied Dr. Drew’s methods and procedures? 1. The Red Cross 2. Kaiser Hospital 3. Children’s HospitalThe Red CrossKaiser HospitalChildren’s Hospital 4.Why did Dr. Drew resign from his position as Director of the Red Cross? 1. He couldn’t get enough blood 2. The blood kept turning green 3. The Army didn’t want to mix the blood of black people with the blood of white people.He couldn’t get enough bloodThe blood kept turning greenThe Army didn’t want to mix the blood of black people with the blood of white people. Click here FIRST to read about Dr. Drew, then take the quiz! Back to menu

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Daniel Hale Williams Click on the correct answer! 1.What did Daniel Hale Williams do for the first time? 1. crossed Niagra Falls in a wheelbarrow on a tightrope 2. took a color photograph 3. performed open heart surgerycrossed Niagra Falls in a wheelbarrow on a tightropetook a color photographperformed open heart surgery 2.Who helped Daniel Hale Williams? 1. six cowboys 2. six doctors 3. six clownssix cowboyssix doctorssix clowns 3.What year did this happen? 1. 19432. 17763. 1893194317761893 4.Why did Daniel Hale Williams do what he did? 1. A man had been stabbed in the heart 2. To get to the other side 3. his girlfriend wanted a picture of herselfA man had been stabbed in the heartTo get to the other sidehis girlfriend wanted a picture of herself Click here FIRST to read about Daniel Hale Williams, then take the quiz! Back to menu

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Martin Luther King Click here to read about Martin Luther King’s life PLEASE READ DR. KING’S BIOGRAPHY BEFORE GOING TO HIS SPEECH “I Have a Dream” (complete speech) This is the actual speech given by Dr. King. It is 17 minutes long.

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Martin Luther King Dr. King was born in Atlanta, Georgia in 1929. As a child he enjoyed reading, singing, riding a bicycle and playing football and baseball. He was an excellent student and entered Morehouse College at the age of 15. After he graduating from college, he married, became a minister and moved to Alabama. Dr. King experienced racism while growing up and decided that he would do something about it. During the 1950’s, he became active in the movement for civil rights and racial equality. He participated in a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama and other peaceful demonstrations. racismcivil rights racial equalityboycott Martin Luther King was an exceptional orator. In 1963, he gave his most famous speech, “I Have a Dream.” He gave this speech in front of the Lincoln Memorial to a crowd of 200,000. orator He won the Nobel Peace prize in 1964. Dr. King was assassinated on April 4, 1968 in Memphis Tennessee by James Earl Ray.James Earl Ray

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racism The belief that some people are better than others simply because of the color of their skin. Example: In the 1900’s in some cities in the United States, black people could not use the same restaurants, drinking fountains or bathrooms as white people.

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boycott When a group of people refuse to buy or use certain goods or services in order to make a government or a business to make changes. Example: After Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat to a white passenger, black people stopped using (boycotted) the bus system in Montgomery, Alabama for over a year. It was reported that the bus system lost $3,00 a day due to the boycott.

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civil rights These are the rights that every citizen should have. Example: Every citizen should expect the same protection from the police. Every citizen should expect access to a good education. Citizens should not be denied the opportunity to make a better life for themselves.

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racial equality All races (white, black, brown, red, etc.) are considered equal and no race is superior to the other. Example: No one would be kept from doing something simply because they belong to a certain race.

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orator A person who gives a speech. (A good orator is a person who understands their language, has a good vocabulary and can explain things in a way that people want to listen.)

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African American Biographies Click here and scroll through the list of these famous African-Americans.here Find out what B.K. Bruce, Guion Buford, Sarah Goode, Mae Jemison, Barbara Jordan, Jackie Robinson and Maggie Lena Walker had in common!!! Click here to read stories of former slaves (slave narratives).Click here to read stories of former slaves (slave narratives Click the button to read the words of Louis Armstrong’s song, “What a Wonderful World” Back to menu

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Song: “What a Wonderful World” Artist: Louis Armstrong Title: What A Wonderful World I see trees of green, red roses too I see 'em bloom for me and you And I think to myself, what a wonderful world I see skies of blue, clouds of white The bright blessed days, and dark sacred nights And I think to myself, what a wonderful world The colors of the rainbow Are so pretty in the sky It's also on the faces Of people goin' by I see friends shakin' hands Sayin', "How do you do?" Fairies sayin', "I love you." I hear babies cry, and I watch 'em grow They'll learn much more than I'll ever know And I think to myself, what a wonderful world I think to myself, what a wonderful world

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Thurgood Marshall Click here to read about Thurgood Marshall, then take the quiz. Click here to read about Thurgood Marshall 1.Thurgood Marshall’s was the first African-American to serve on ______. 1.a school boarda school board 2.the Supreme Courtthe Supreme Court 3.a tennis courta tennis court 2.His first name was originally ____________. 1.ToogoodToogood 2.ThoroughgoodThoroughgood 3.ThorougbredThorougbred 3.Thurgood Marshall was a lawyer on the historic Brown vs. Board of Education case, which argued against _________. 1.selling alcoholselling alcohol 2.segregationsegregation 3.giving homeworkgiving homework 4.Thurgood Marshall served for 24 years on the ______________. 1.Supreme CourtSupreme Court 2.California Board of EducationCalifornia Board of Education 3.F.B.I.F.B.I.

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Thurgood Marshall Thurgood Marshall was born on July 2, 1908. He was raised in Baltimore, Maryland. His first name was originally Thoroughgood, but he shortened it to Thurgood in elementary school. He graduated from college in 1930 and then went to law school. Upon graduating from Howard University in 1933, he started a law practice and joined the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People). He served as the legal director for the NAACP for 21 years and was on the team of lawyers that fought against segregation in public education in the Brown versus Board of Education case in 1954. He helped win the case.segregation Brown versus Board of Education case In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Marshall the chief legal, officer in the United States. In 1967, Johnson appointed Marshall to the Supreme Court. Marshall was the first African-American on the Supreme Court. He served on the Supreme Court for 24 years. Marshall died in 1993 at the age of 84. He is remembered as a fighter for human rights. On January 7, 2003, the US Post Office issued a stamp honoring Marshall.

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segregation Segregation was the practice of having white students go to “white” schools and black students go to “black schools”. Example: Linda Brown had to go five miles to school even though she lived four blocks from a public school. The school near her house was for white students only.

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Brown vs. Board of Education The most famous court case of the civil rights movement began in 1950 when 7-year-old Linda Brown of Topeka, Kansas, was denied access to a school that was just four blocks from her home because she was black. Linda's father went to court and on May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation (or separating races) in public schools violates the Constitution. Linda Brown in an integrated class shortly after the Brown vs. Board of Education decision to stop segregating students in public schools.

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Barack Obama Barack Obama was elected President of the United States of America in November 2008. He will begin serving his term of office on January 20, 2009. To read his biography (Wikipedia) click here click here To view a video series of his life click here click here