The subject of this study is the role of insurance in protecting road traffic victims. The first part covers the overview of concepts that are the subject of the study and sources used in it. After that, it is written in general about insurance and terms such as insurance companies, insured and insurer, generally about the terms and types of damage and similar topics. The next chapter explains the concept of compulsory insurance in traffic as well as other concepts related to this topic. The reader will also get acquainted with the essential concepts related to this study. The study continues with the chapter about passenger insurance in public transport in case of accident where the terms of insurance company's obligation, insured sum, and compensation were discussed. Also, vehicle liability insurance for damage caused to third parties was explained in detail and this represents the main topic of this study. Following that, the topic of non-contractual liability for damage was discussed as a type of accountability specific to situations related to this study. Along with mentioned above, concepts such as compensation for damage in the form of rent and medical documentation were covered together with the examples of case law. After the final chapter there is a list of the literature used in creating this study.