The American Jewish community showed deep interest in the birth control movement of the first few decades of the twentieth century. Jewish women were “early adopters” of contraception and notable activists for the cause, as well as playing a significant role as doctors and nurses. Despite a healthy internal debate over the religious, ethical, and social, and medical ramifications, overall American Jewish culture supported the early birth control movement in ways that empowered Jewish women and influenced the shape of Jewish family life for generations to follow.