We now have an efficient transformation system and are able to routinely produce transgenic plants of several grape cultivars. We have performed numerous transformation experiments with marker genes carry regulatory sequences that might be expected to cause the gene products to be secreted from the cell. We have obtained a xylem-specific protein gene from a research group in Japan in order to use its xylem-specific regulatory sequences. We have introduced a PGIP gene that has previously been shown to have disease reducing effects in other plants.