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Extract Data and Text From Multiple XML

Problem: In a Scala application, you want to extract information from XML you receive, so you can use the data in your application.

Solution

Use the methods of the Scala Elem and NodeSeq classes to extract the data. The most commonly used methods of the Elem class are shown here:

Commonly used methods of the Elem class Method Description ------ ----------- x \ "div" Searches the XML literal x for elements of type <div>. Only searches immediate child nodes (no grandchild or “descendant” nodes). x \ "div" Searches the XML literal x for elements of type <div>. Returns matching elements from child nodes at any depth of the XML tree. x.attribute("class") Returns the value of the given attribute in the current node. <a x="10" y="20">foo</a>.attribute("x") // returns Some(10). x.attributes Returns all attributes of the current node, prefixed and unprefixed, in no particular order. scala> <a x="10" y="20">foo</a>.attributes res0: scala.xml.MetaData = x="10" y="20" x.child Returns the children of the current node. <a><b>foo</b></a>.child // returns <b>foo</b>. x.copy(...) Returns a copy of the element, letting you replace data during the copy process. x.label The name of the current element. <a><b>foo</b></a>.label // returns a. x.text Returns a concatenation of text(n) for each child n. x.toString Emits the XML literal as a String. Use scala.xml.PrettyPrinter to format the output, if desired.

Examples

The following examples demonstrate most of the methods just shown. Given this XML literal:

There are more ways to tackle these problems using XPath methods, which will be shown in subsequent chapters.

As a word of caution, be careful with the text method. It returns different results depending on how the XML is formatted, which can be a particular problem when extracting XHTML data. To demonstrate this, the following examples show the output when there is a space before the <br> tag, and when there is no space:

If you need to extract text in this manner, a workaround is to extract the text components individually into a sequence, and then re-combine the sequence as desired. The following example demonstrates how to accomplish this with the child, label, and text methods. Given this XML literal:

To get around this problem, you can allocate more heap space when starting the REPL with this command:

$ scala -J-Xms256m -J-Xmx512m

or this command:

$ env JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx512m" scala

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