Glycols - 55 entries found

Your search criteria are

Glycols

2008

CIS 08-1143
Mégarbane B., Baud F.J.Poisoning from alcohols (other than ethanol) and glycolsIntoxication par les alcools (autres que l'éthanol) et les glycols[in French]
Poisonings from toxic alcohols or glycols are rare but potentially serious. The main clinical outcome is the occurrence of a metabolic acidosis, giving rise to Küssmaul's dyspnoea. Other more specific complications can also arise during more severe poisonings; ethylene glycol can cause acute renal insufficiency, while methanol can cause vision disorders leading to irreversible blindness. Treatment is based on the administration of an antidote such as fomepizol for blocking the metabolic transformation of alcohol into toxic products by alcohol dehydrogenase, along with symptomatic resuscitation measures and intravenous perfusions of sodium bicarbonate. In the most serious cases, haemodialysis should be systematically performed together with the antidote treatment.Encyclopédie médico-chirurgicale, Toxicologie-Pathologie professionnelle, 2nd Quarter 2008, No.159, 9p. Illus. 81 ref.

2005

CIS 06-384
Teschke K., Chow Y., van Netten C., Varughese S., Kennedy S.M., Brauer M.Exposures to atmospheric effects in the entertainment industry
Theatrical fogs are commonly used in the entertainment industry to create special atmospheric effects during filming and live productions. This study examined exposures to mineral oil and glycol-based theatrical fogs to determine what fluids were commonly used, to measure the size distributions of the aerosols and to identify factors associated with personal exposure levels to these substances. Airborne concentrations of inhalable aerosol, aldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured in a range of production types (television, film, live theatre and concerts), and observations about the sites and tasks performed were collected. Findings are discussed. It is important to consider these exposures in light of any health effects observed, since existing occupational exposure limits were developed in other industries where the aerosol composition differs from that of theatrical fogs.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, May 2005, Vol.2, No.5, p.277-284. 9 ref.

2002

CIS 03-538
Gomes R., Liteplo R., Meek M.E.Inter-Organization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)Ethylene glycol: Human health aspects
Conclusions of this criteria document: data available from acute poisoning indicate that the kidney is a critical organ for the toxicity of ethylene glycol; neurological and neurobehavioural disorders have been reported but available data are inadequate to assess potential neurological and immunological effects associated with ethylene glycol. Data from animal studies indicate that ethylene glycol has nephrotoxic and teratogenic effects; there is evidence of reproductive toxicity in mice (at very high doses) but not in rats.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2002. iv, 38p. Illus. 134 ref.http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad45.pdf[in English]

CIS 00-1260
Dobson S.International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS)Ethylene glycol: Environmental aspects
Two-thirds of the word production of ethylene glycol is used as a chemical intermediate and one-fourth as an antifreeze in engine coolants. It is also used as a runway de-icer in airports; in this case the local release is important. Tests show that ethylene glycol is readily biodegradable. Pure ethylene glycol has generally low toxicity in organisms; ethylene glycol-based de-icers however show greater toxicity. Studies in the vicinity of an airport have reported toxic signs in aquatic organisms, fish kills and reduced biodiversity, but these effects cannot be attributed with certainty to ethylene glycol. Terrestrial organisms are less exposed and show low sensitivity. The appropriate International Chemical Safety Card (ICSC) is given. Summaries in French and in Spanish.
World Health Organization, Distribution and Sales Service, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 2000. iii, 24p. Illus. 88 ref. Price: CHF 13.00 (CHF 9.10 in developing countries).http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/cicad/en/cicad22.pdf[in English]

1999

CIS 00-454
Pendergrass S.M.Determination of glycols in air: Development of sampling and analytical methodology and application to theatrical smokes
Glycol-based fluids are used in the production of theatrical smokes in theatres, concerts and other stage productions. The fluids are heated and dispersed in aerosol form to create the effect of a smoke, mist or fog. There have been reports of adverse health effects such as respiratory irritation, chest tightness, shortness of breath, asthma and skin rashes. In order to assess workplace exposures, an Occupational Safety and Health Administration versatile sampler tube was selected for the collection of various glycol aerosols. Limits of detection of the glycol analytes ranged from 7 to 16µg/sample. Desorption efficiencies for all glycol compounds were determined over the range of study and averaged greater than 90%. Storage stability results were acceptable after 28 days for all analytes except ethylene glycol, which was stable at ambient temperature for 14 days. Based on the results of this study, the new glycol method was published in the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods.American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, July-Aug. 1999, Vol.60, No.4, p.452-457. Illus. 23 ref.

1996

CIS 97-388Ethylene glycol
Data sheet. May enter the body when breathed in and through the skin. It is a teratogen and should be handled with extreme caution. Irritates the eyes and respiratory tract. May cause neurotoxic effects and damage the kidneys and the brain.
New Jersey Department of Health, Right to Know Program, CN 368, Trenton, NJ 08625-68, USA, 1996. 6p.

1995

CIS 95-2184Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) - Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)Melamine. Diisopropanolamine. 1,6-Hexanediol. Tri/Dibutyl phosphate
Conclusions of these criteria documents, translation of reports finalized in June-Dec. 1992: no data are available on the acute or chronic effects of melamine in man; tests for irritating or sensitizing properties proved negative. Animal studies indicate that diisopropanolamine (1,1'-iminodi-2-propanol) is of low acute toxicity; tests on humans reveal that it does not induce allergic or photoallergic reactions. No data are available on the effects of 1,6-hexanediol in man; animal studies indicate a slight acute toxicity. Tributyl phosphate is strongly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes in man; exposure by inhalation leads to nausea and headache. The toxicological action of dibutyl phosphate is assumed to be comparable to that of tributyl phosphate.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1995. xxvii, 197p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 96.00.

CIS 95-1012
Skogstad M., Levy F.Occupational irritant contact dermatitis and fungal infection in construction workers
A study was made of six construction workers who developed chronic skin diseases on their hands over a period of 15 years. Four developed Trichophyton rubrum infection, and the other two an irritant contact dermatitis. All of them carried out jobs which caused traumatization of the skin due to the presence of ethylene glycol and mineral oils during operation of pneumatic hammers in winter. Construction workers may be at risk of developing an occupational skin disease involving fungal infection.Contact Dermatitis, July 1994. Vol.31, No.1, p.28-30. 6 ref.

CIS 95-1033Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker (GDCh) Advisory Committee on Existing Chemicals of Environmental Relevance (BUA)Ethylene glycol
There are numerous reports of ethylene glycol poisoning in humans in which the kidneys proved to be the target organ; neurotoxic and cardiopulmonary effects have also been observed following poisoning. The substance has a strong irritative effect. Animal studies indicate that ethylene glycol has a low acute toxicity; general symptoms are depression of the central nervous system and kidney damage; no mutagenic or carcinogenic effects have been observed; embryotoxic and teratogenic effects have been demonstrated at very high doses.
S. Hirzel Verlag, P.O. Box 10 10 61, 70009 Stuttgart, Germany, 1994. xvii, 139p. Bibl.ref. Price: DEM 88.00.

CIS 94-4661,6-Hexanediol
International chemical safety card. Short term exposure effects: irritation of eyes and respiratory tract.
Official Publications of the European Communities, 2985 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), World Health Organization, 1211 Genève 27, Switzerland, 1993. 2p.

CIS 94-295
Lin C.K., Chen R.Y.Survey of glycol ether use in Taiwan, 1991
Recently, E-series glycol ethers have been found to show reproductive and teratogenic toxicity, and throughout much of the world they are being replaced by the so-called P-series glycol ethers. In responding to the impact of the worldwide transition from E- to P-series glycol ethers, the current status of glycol ether use in Taiwan was studied. This study found that large quantities of E-series glycol ethers were imported and used in Taiwan. The best estimates are: 2-ME, 2,500 tons; 2-EE, 1,200 tons; 2-EEA, 5,000-8,000 tons; 2-BE, 8,000 tons annually in 1991. For P-series glycol ethers, only about 2,500 tons are being used. Lack of knowledge about the potential toxic effects of the E-series glycol ethers is very common among users, regulatory agencies, academic institutes, and the general public. It is hoped that the results of this study, along with educational efforts, government regulations, and provision of technical services, will help prevent Taiwan becoming a dumping site for these toxic chemicals.American Journal of Industrial Medicine, July 1993, Vol.24, No.1, p.101-108. 9 ref.

1992

CIS 93-229
Cicolella A.Glycol ethers - State of the art and research prospectsLes éthers de glycol - Etat actuel des connaissances - Perspective de recherche[in French]
Glycol ethers are a family of products, the use of which, as solvents, has increased sharply during the last few years: paints, inks, varnishes, cosmetics, cleaning products, etc. Two million people are thought to be exposed at work and many more at home. Experimental data are consistent as far as testicular and developmental effects are concerned, but rather scarce for the haematological ones and non-existent for carcinogenicity. No chronic toxicity study has been published. Human data are scarce: a few cases of malformations and haematological effects as well as some epidemiological studies on morbidity (with poor exposure evaluation), and no mortality or case-control studies. The INRS has therefore launched a research programme consisting of epidemiological, clinical, toxicological and monitoring studies on exposure to glycol ethers.Cahiers de notes documentaires - Sécurité et hygiène du travail, 3rd Quarter 1992, No.148, Note No.1890-148-92, p.359-378. Illus. 132 ref.

CIS 86-1912Ethylene glycol
Contents of this data sheet: properties; occupational exposure limits (8-h TWA: 100ppm, 10-min short-term TWA: 125ppm, both as recommended for the United Kingdom for vapours; no limits for particulates); industrial uses; fire hazards and extinguishants to be used; hazardous reactions; toxicity and biological hazards (minor if absorbed orally or affecting the eye, but can be absorbed through the skin in toxic amounts); carcinogenicity (none); handling and storage; safety precautions; first aid.Safety Practitioner, Nov. 1985, Vol.3, No.11, p.32-33. 9 ref.

CIS 86-1646
Koga M., Hori H., Tanaka I., Akiyama T., Inoue N.Quantitative analysis of urinary ethylene glycol in rats
Ethylene glycol in urine was separated by azeotropic distillation and esterified with n-butylboronic acid. The derivatised ethylene glycol was separated by gaz chromatography at 70° on a 2m by 3mm glass column of 2% OV-225 on 60-80 mesh Uniport HPS. A flame ionisation detector was used. Known amounts of z-methylcyclohexanone were included in the samples as internal standards. A linear calibration curve was obtained up to 500µg/mL of ethylene glycol. The detection limit was 10µg/mL and the relative standard deviation was 3.5% for 100µg/mL of ethylene glycol. This method was used to determine the urinary excretion of ethylene glycol in rats exposed to ethylene oxide at various concentrations (50-500ppm). The amounts of ethylene glycol excreted were sigmoidally dependent on the concentration of ethylene oxide to which the rats had been exposed.Journal of UOEH, Mar. 1985, Vol.7, No.1, p.45-49. Illus. 7 ref.

1983

CIS 84-1298
Swensson Å.Propylene glycolPropylenglykol[in Swedish]
Literature survey to serve as a basis for determination of exposure limits: metabolism, toxicity, organ effects, other effects. Propylene glycol has low toxicity; high doses have been given to animals in long-term experiments without negative effects. No studies that can be used to determine a hygienic standard are available. There is no evidence that inhalation of air saturated with propylene glycol has any deleterious effects.
Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen, Publikationsservice, 171 84 Solna, Sweden, 1983. 38p. 113 ref. Bibl.

1982

CIS 84-395
Filatova V.S., Smirnova E.S., Gronsberg E.Š., Russkih A.A., Klimova Ė.I., Kaštanova I.M., Gorjačeva L.A., Ždanova I.V.Data for the establishment of a MAC for ethylene glycol in workplace airMaterialy k gigieničeskomu normirovaniju ėtilenglikolja v vozduhe rabočej zony[in Russian]
Exposure of rats and mice to ethylene glycol at a concentration of 198mg/m3 produced morphological and functional alterations in the kidney and liver and morphological alterations in the heart, thyroid, adrenals and blood. Ethylene glycol concentrations of 19mg/m3 produced no effect. Because clinical studies of workers in ethylene glycol and antifreeze production showed no adverse response to prolonged exposure to 0.1-5.0mg/m3, 5mg/m3 appears to be a reasonable MAC.Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, June 1982, No.6, p.28-30. 7 ref.

CIS 81-120
Brenner Ė.S.Separate determination of ethylene glycol and methacrylic acid in air by thin-layer chromatographyRazdel'noe opredelenie ėtilenglikolja i metakrilovoj kisloty v vozduhe metodom tonkoslojnoj hromatografii[in Russian]
Studies with different solvents led to the use of a CHCl3-ethanol system (4:1) for separation of the substances sampled together, which is optimal for the mobile phase and can be used again. It is recommended to activate the plates at 105-110°C for 1h in advance and to protect them from humidity. Sensitivity of the assay is 1µg for each substance.Gigiena truda i professional'nye zabolevanija, Feb. 1980, No.2, p.54-55. 5 ref.

1978

CIS 78-1373
Koleva M.Changes in urinary excretion of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase on combined exposure to ethylene glycol and high temperaturePromeni v ekskrecijata na gama-glutamiltranspeptidazata, levcinaminopeptidazata i alkalnata fosfataza v urinata pri kombinirano dejstvie na etilenglikol i visoka temperatura[in Bulgarian]
Results of experiments with rats to determine these changes 2, 8, 15, 30 and 90 days after exposure, separately or simultaneously, to ethylene glycol (EG) (1/8 LD50) and 35°C ambient temperature. The effect of ambient heat alone caused an increase in enzyme excretion at the early stage of exposure, whereas exposure to EG alone caused a reduction in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTR) and leucine-aminopeptidase, and an increase in alkaline phosphatase excretion. The temperature factor attenuated the toxic effect of EG on these enzymes towards the end of the observation period. Changes in GTR excretion are the earliest and most sensitive sign of tubular lesions.Problemi na higienata, 1977, Vol.3, p.35-46. 26 ref.

1974

CIS 75-1368
Wills J.H., Coulston F., Harris E.S., McChesney E.W., Russell J.C., Serrone D.M.Inhalation of aerosolized ethylene glycol by man.
After a brief review of the literature and a description of the signs and symptoms observed after experimental ethylene glycol ingestion, the authors present their own experiments in humans, in which 19 male volunteers were exposed to aerosolized ethylene glycol in mean daily concentrations of 3-67mg/m3 almost continually for 4 weeks. Blood and urine examinations gave no evidence of the absorption of important quantities of ethylene glycol. There were no serious signs of toxicity but some complaints of irritation of the upper respiratory tract. Irritation became common with an ethylene glycol concentration of 140mg/m3, and more than 200mg/m3 was intolerable. It was concluded that an individual with normal sensory apparatus could not absorb a harmful quantity of ethylene glycol through the respiratory tract. Detailed results of laboratory and psychometric tests are given in tables.Clinical Toxicology, Oct. 1974, Vol.7, No.5, p.463-476. Illus. 27 ref.