To Kill a MockingbirdHarper Lee

THE NOVEL

OTHER ELEMENTS

THEMES

END OF INNOCENCE

Another theme of the novel is the transition from innocence to experience.
At the beginning of the story Scout's world is limited to the boundaries
of her immediate neighborhood. She feels safe and secure, and totally
confident that the way things are done in her home is not just the right
way, but the only way. The arrival of Dill, who comes from a broken home
and has lived in another state, gives Scout her first hint of a variety
of experiences beyond her narrow horizons. Then, on her first day of school,
she begins to discover that not everyone agrees that the way things are
done in Maycomb, Alabama, is necessarily correct. She also learns that
sometimes it is necessary to compromise in order to get along. Even though
Scout's teacher's ideas about how to teach reading may be wrong, Scout
must respect the teacher's authority. Her own father advises her to ignore
the teacher's ban on reading at home, but to pretend to go along with
the teacher's methods while in the classroom. This kind of social hypocrisy
is new to Scout, and she is surprised to hear her very moral father advocating
it.

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As the story progresses, Scout encounters many more examples of the
complexity of human motivation. Sometimes characters who do evil things,
such as Mayella Ewell, are nevertheless more pitiful than hateful. On
the other hand, it is possible for some individuals to do the right thing
for quite unexpected reasons. Mr. Underwood does not like blacks and is
a mean-spirited person in general, yet he alone helps Atticus during his
vigil at the jail.

By the final chapters of the novel, Scout has learned that good and justice
do not necessarily triumph every time. Harmless individuals such as Tom Robinson
and Boo Radley can become victims through no fault of their own. And sometimes
"the system" can do nothing to defend them. In one of the final
scenes of the story, the sheriff puts compassion ahead of the letter of the
law so that Boo Radley will not have to face the ordeal of publicly proving
his innocence. This ending is hopeful because of the compassion shown by the
sheriff but it is also troubling by suggesting there sometimes may be a conflict
between the spirit of justice and the letter of the law.