Basic Features of Chicago
• Page number starts with the first page, not the title page.
• The title of the paper is in CAPS.
• There is no title on the first page as a rule.
• Chicago presupposes the use of footnotes or endnotes. Note numbers should be placed at the end of the clause or sentence to which they refer. Footnotes should be added at the end of the page on which the source is referenced.
• The list of sources is labelled ‘Bibliography’.
• The formatting of footnotes and entries in the Bibliography differ: author’s name is not inverted in the footnotes but is inverted in the Bibliography.
• In the Bibliography, all major elements are separated by periods whereas in notes, all major elements are usually separated by commas.
• Headings of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd level are formatted using the title case. Headings of the 4th and 5th level are formatted using the sentence case.
• All titles in Chicago are formatted using the title case.
• Longer works (books, journals, movies) are italicized and parts of works (book chapters, articles) are in quotation marks in the text, in the notes and in the Bibliography in Chicago.

Bibliography
1. The list of sources used in the paper should appear at the end of the paper.
2. It should begin on a new page separate from the text of the essay.
3. In Chicago Citation Style, we name the list of sources ‘Bibliography’.
4. The word ‘Bibliography’ should be centered at the top of the page (NOT bolded, not underlined, not italicized, not in quotation marks).
5. The first line of each entry should be flush left. All lines after the first line of each entry in the list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin (hanging indentation).
6. There should be two blank lines between “Bibliography” and the first entry.
7. There should be one blank line between remaining entries.
8. Lines within the bibliography entries should be singled-spaced internally; however, you should leave an extra line space between the bibliographic entries.
9. Entries should be arranged in the alphabetical order according to the first word in each entry. As a rule, it is the author’s last name. If no author or editor is listed, the title or keyword by which the reader would search for the source may be used instead.
10. The author’s name is inverted in the bibliography. Place the last name first and separate the last name and first name with a comma.
11. Use “and,” not an ampersand, “&,” for multi-author entries.
12. The 3-em dash (—) should be used to replace authors or editors’ names who hold multiple, successive entries in a bibliography.
13. As a rule, the year of publication is mentioned at the end of the entry.
14. In the Bibliography, all major elements are separated by periods (whereas in notes, all major elements are usually separated by commas).
15. In Bibliography, in the text of the paper and in the notes, titles of books and journals are italicized. Titles of articles, poems, chapters, poems, etc. are placed in quotation marks.
16. The title case is used for all the titles in the Bibliography.

Tables and Figures
1. Place tables and figures after the paragraph where they’re described.
2. Cite the source of the table and figure information with a “source line” at the bottom of the table or figure. Source lines are introduced by the word Source(s), followed by a colon, author’s last name and year of publication, followed by a comma, and the page number, ended with a period.
3. But the full information about the source should be included into the corresponding entry in Bibliography.
4. Every table should have a number and (a short and descriptive) title flush left on the line above the table.
5. Every figure should have a number and a caption flush left on the line below the figure.
6. Number tables and figures separately in the order you mention them in the text.
7. In the text, identify tables and figures by number (“in figure 3”) rather than by location (“below”).
8. Table titles, and figure captions, which should be single-spaced. Use the title case capitalization.

Endnotes
• Chicago also allows for a system of “endnotes.”
• Endnotes may become useful when footnotes consume a lot of space and/or extend beyond the page to which they refer.
• Endnotes appear at the end of a paper, article, or chapter (after the text before the bibliography) with a page title of “Notes.”
• Using endnotes, put note numbers at the end of the clause or sentence to which they refer and add a corresponding note to the Notes page.
• Endnotes are formatted in the same way as the footnotes.

Long quotations
• A prose quotation of five or more lines should be “blocked.”
• The block quotation is single spaced and takes no quotation marks.
• You should leave an extra line space immediately before and after.
• Indent the entire quotation 0.5” (the same as you would the start of a new paragraph).
Example:
In the article A Long Way to Sobriety Ella Jameson states:
Young adults are more susceptible to addiction than ever before. Many illicit substances such as alcohol and prescription medication are far more easily accessible than previously, and possession of these substances is also more socially acceptable. Many teens and young adults who begin experimenting with illicit substances don’t intend to develop an addiction, but experimentation can quickly lead users down a dangerous road.

Footnotes
1. Chicago requires using notes to cite sources and/or providing relevant commentary.
2. You should include a footnote each time you use a source, no matter whether you quote the author directly or just paraphrase.
3. Footnotes should be added at the end of the page on which the source is referenced, and endnotes are to be listed at the end of each chapter or at the end of the entire document.
4. Note numbers should be placed at the end of the clause or sentence to which they refer and should be placed after any punctuation mark except the dash.
5. Note numbers should begin with “1” and follow consecutively throughout a given paper, article, or chapter.
6. In the text, note numbers are superscripted. To make the number superscript, select it and on the Home tab, in the Font group, click Superscript. Or press CTRL+SHIFT+=.

Chicago Formatting Style
The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date. This presentation is dedicated to the first system since it is more often used in our company.
First Page
1. Arabic page numbers begin in the header of the first page of text, flush right.
2. If there is a title page, do not duplicate the title of the paper on the first page.
3. Just begin the text of the paper with a new line, indented 0.5”.

Chicago Formatting Style
The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date. This presentation is dedicated to the first system since it is more often used in our company.
Title Page
1. There is no page number on the title page.
2. The title should be centered a third of the way down the page. Divide your page into three parts and type in the title below the upper one-third of the paper.
3. The title should be in CAPS.
4. If there is a subtitle, end the title line with a colon and place the subtitle on the line below the title. Subtitle should also be in CAPS.
5. Type in the student’s name, class information and the date of the paper below the middle one-third of the paper. Do not include any other information unless it is required by the customer.

The Chicago Manual of Style presents two basic documentation systems: (1) notes and bibliography and (2) author-date. This presentation is dedicated to the first system since it is more often used in our company.

Harvard Formatting Style
The Harvard style does not have a manual and there are various versions that are followed. That is why we have worked out our own guide that we will all stick to in our company.

Harvard Formatting Style
The Harvard style does not have a manual and there are various versions that are followed. That is why we have worked out our own guide that we will all stick to in our company.