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Abstract

One hundred and twenty men (86 color-normal and 34 color-deficient) were tested with 5 pseudo-isochromatic tests of color vision: the American Optical Company, Ishihara, Meyrowitz, Boström, and Boström-Kugelberg tests. Each of the men was also examined with a Bausch and Lomb visual spectrophotometer to determine his limit of visibility in the long wave-length (red) end of the spectrum. Twelve of the color deficient subjects had reduced sensitivity to long wave-length radiation, 19 had normal sensitivity to long wave-length radiation, and 3 subjects could not be assigned to either group with certainty.

Diagnostic plates in three of the tests, the Boström, Meyrowitz, and Ishihara, were evaluated in terms of their ability to differentiate the two kinds of color deficient individuals. The Boström plates were found to be worthless for this purpose, the Meyrowitz plates somewhat better, and the Ishihara plates best. None of the plates in the other two tests was found to be diagnostic.

References

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Table I

Responses made to the diagnostic plates in the Boström test by 12 subjects who were classified protano (A–L), 19 subjects who were classified deuterano (M–AE), and 3 subjects who could not be classified with certainty (AF–AH).

Plate number

3

4

5

6

7

8

Normal response

2

5

3

6

62

95

Protano response

2

5

–

–

62

95

Deuterano response

–

–

3

6

—

—

D-scores

Subject

A

–

5

–

–

—

—

5

B

–

–

–

8

—

—

6

C

–

–

–

–

62

95

2

D

–

5

–

–

62

—

3

E

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

F

2

5

3

–

—

—

5

G

2

–

8

6

62

95

2

H

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

I

2

5

–

–

32

—

3

J

–

–

–

–

66

—

5

K

2

–

–

–

—

—

5

L

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

M

2

–

8

–

—

—

5

N

–

5

8

6

—

—

6

O

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

P

8

–

8

6

62

—

5

Q

9

5

3

6

6–

—

6

R

–

–

3

–

—

—

7

S

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

T

–

–

–

–

6–

—

5

U

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

V

–

–

8

6

—

99

6

W

–

–

–

6

—

—

7

X

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

Y

2

5

8

6

62

95

1

Z

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

AA

–

–

8

6

—

—

7

AB

–

–

–

6

—

—

7

AC

–

–

8

–

62

∃–

4

AD

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

AE

8

5

8

–

—

58

5

AF

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

AG

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

AH

2

3

–

–

—

—

5

Table II

Responses made to the diagnostic plates in the Meyrowitz test by 12 subjects who were classified protano (A–L), 19 subjects who were classified deuterano (M–AE), and 3 subjects who could not be classified with certainty (AF–AH).

Plate number

13

14

15

16

17

18

Normal response

8

65

5

6

34

RZ

Protano response

–

65

–

6

−4

R–

Deuterano response

8

—

5

–

3–

−Z

D-scores

Subject

A

8

—

–

6

8–

B–

5

B

8

—

5

6

84

SZ

6

C

8

—

–

6

—

—

5

D

8

—

5

6

24

87

5

E

8

—

–

6

—

—

5

F

8

—

–

6

34

B2

5

G

8

—

5

6

34

92

6

H

8

—

3

6

—

−Z

6

I

8

—

–

6

34

92

5

J

8

—

–

6

–4

57

4

K

8

—

–

6

84

RZ

4

L

8

—

–

6

34

82

5

M

8

—

5

6

3–

RZ

7

N

8

—

5

6

34

−Z

7

O

8

—

6

6

3–

−Z

7

P

8

—

5

6

8–

−Z

7

Q

8

—

5

6

34

RZ

6

R

8

—

5

6

3–

−Z

8

S

8

—

5

6

3–

2Z

8

T

8

—

5

–

84

2Z

7

U

8

—

5

6

3–

−Z

8

V

8

—

5

6

34

BZ

7

W

8

—

5

6

36

32

7

X

8

—

5

–

3–

−Z

9

Y

8

—

5

6

34

BZ

7

Z

8

—

5

6

3–

97

7

AA

8

—

5

–

3–

−Z

9

AB

8

—

5

–

84

−Z

7

AC

8

—

5

6

33

−Z

8

AD

8

—

5

–

34

RZ

7

AE

8

—

5

6

34

RZ

6

AF

8

—

–

6

—

−2

5

AG

8

—

5

6

34

−Z

7

AH

8

—

5

6

84

82

5

Table III

Responses made to the diagnostic plates in the Ishihara test by 12 subjects who were classified protano (A–L), 19 subjects who were classified deuterano (M–AE), and 3 subjects who could not be classified with certainty(AF–AH).

Plate number

22

23

24

25

Normal response

26

42

35

96

Protano response

−6

−2

−5

−6

Deuterano response

2–

4–

3–

9–

D-scores

Subject

A

−8

−2

−5

−6

1

B

26

42

35

36

3

C

−8

−2

−5

−6

1

D

−8

−2

−5

−6

1

E

—

—

—

—

4

F

26

42

45

−6

2

G

26

42

85

96

3

H

−6

−2

−5

−6

0

I

−6

−2

−5

−5

1

J

−8

−9

−3

−5

4

K

66

42

−5

−6

1

L

−8

−2

−5

−6

1

M

2–

4–

9–

9–

7

N

2–

4–

3–

9–

8

O

2–

4–

8–

9–

7

P

2–

4–

8–

8–

6

Q

2–

4–

3–

9–

8

R

2–

4–

5–

9–

7

S

2–

4–

8–

9–

7

T

2–

4–

5–

8–

6

U

2–

4–

5–

9–

7

V

9–

4–

33

9–

7

W

2–

4–

5–

3–

6

X

2–

4–

3–

8–

7

Y

26

42

39

96

5

Z

2–

4–

9–

3–

6

AA

8–

4–

8–

9–

6

AB

2–

4–

3–

—

7

AC

2–

4–

3–

9–

8

AD

2–

4–

3–

9–

8

AE

2–

4–

5–

9–

7

AF

2–

4–

—

—

6

AG

2–

4–

9–

3–

6

AH

−8

−2

−5

−6

1

Tables (3)

Table I

Responses made to the diagnostic plates in the Boström test by 12 subjects who were classified protano (A–L), 19 subjects who were classified deuterano (M–AE), and 3 subjects who could not be classified with certainty (AF–AH).

Plate number

3

4

5

6

7

8

Normal response

2

5

3

6

62

95

Protano response

2

5

–

–

62

95

Deuterano response

–

–

3

6

—

—

D-scores

Subject

A

–

5

–

–

—

—

5

B

–

–

–

8

—

—

6

C

–

–

–

–

62

95

2

D

–

5

–

–

62

—

3

E

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

F

2

5

3

–

—

—

5

G

2

–

8

6

62

95

2

H

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

I

2

5

–

–

32

—

3

J

–

–

–

–

66

—

5

K

2

–

–

–

—

—

5

L

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

M

2

–

8

–

—

—

5

N

–

5

8

6

—

—

6

O

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

P

8

–

8

6

62

—

5

Q

9

5

3

6

6–

—

6

R

–

–

3

–

—

—

7

S

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

T

–

–

–

–

6–

—

5

U

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

V

–

–

8

6

—

99

6

W

–

–

–

6

—

—

7

X

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

Y

2

5

8

6

62

95

1

Z

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

AA

–

–

8

6

—

—

7

AB

–

–

–

6

—

—

7

AC

–

–

8

–

62

∃–

4

AD

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

AE

8

5

8

–

—

58

5

AF

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

AG

–

–

–

–

—

—

6

AH

2

3

–

–

—

—

5

Table II

Responses made to the diagnostic plates in the Meyrowitz test by 12 subjects who were classified protano (A–L), 19 subjects who were classified deuterano (M–AE), and 3 subjects who could not be classified with certainty (AF–AH).

Plate number

13

14

15

16

17

18

Normal response

8

65

5

6

34

RZ

Protano response

–

65

–

6

−4

R–

Deuterano response

8

—

5

–

3–

−Z

D-scores

Subject

A

8

—

–

6

8–

B–

5

B

8

—

5

6

84

SZ

6

C

8

—

–

6

—

—

5

D

8

—

5

6

24

87

5

E

8

—

–

6

—

—

5

F

8

—

–

6

34

B2

5

G

8

—

5

6

34

92

6

H

8

—

3

6

—

−Z

6

I

8

—

–

6

34

92

5

J

8

—

–

6

–4

57

4

K

8

—

–

6

84

RZ

4

L

8

—

–

6

34

82

5

M

8

—

5

6

3–

RZ

7

N

8

—

5

6

34

−Z

7

O

8

—

6

6

3–

−Z

7

P

8

—

5

6

8–

−Z

7

Q

8

—

5

6

34

RZ

6

R

8

—

5

6

3–

−Z

8

S

8

—

5

6

3–

2Z

8

T

8

—

5

–

84

2Z

7

U

8

—

5

6

3–

−Z

8

V

8

—

5

6

34

BZ

7

W

8

—

5

6

36

32

7

X

8

—

5

–

3–

−Z

9

Y

8

—

5

6

34

BZ

7

Z

8

—

5

6

3–

97

7

AA

8

—

5

–

3–

−Z

9

AB

8

—

5

–

84

−Z

7

AC

8

—

5

6

33

−Z

8

AD

8

—

5

–

34

RZ

7

AE

8

—

5

6

34

RZ

6

AF

8

—

–

6

—

−2

5

AG

8

—

5

6

34

−Z

7

AH

8

—

5

6

84

82

5

Table III

Responses made to the diagnostic plates in the Ishihara test by 12 subjects who were classified protano (A–L), 19 subjects who were classified deuterano (M–AE), and 3 subjects who could not be classified with certainty(AF–AH).