Athiests that makes Atheism look stupid. - Atheist Nexus2016-12-09T17:42:43Zhttp://atheistnexus.org/forum/topics/athiests-that-makes-atheism?commentId=2182797%3AComment%3A1144616&xg_source=activity&feed=yes&xn_auth=noIt simply means that there is…tag:atheistnexus.org,2011-03-05:2182797:Comment:11452132011-03-05T04:39:43.717ZWill-I Am S.http://atheistnexus.org/profile/WilliamSchoenecker
It simply means that there is no belief in the existence of a GOD :) Which is pretty much a natural consequence to me being a realist. :) I've seen quite a few people myself trying to blur the lines, or don't seem to understand what an Atheist is :/
It simply means that there is no belief in the existence of a GOD :) Which is pretty much a natural consequence to me being a realist. :) I've seen quite a few people myself trying to blur the lines, or don't seem to understand what an Atheist is :/ I don't know how to comment o…tag:atheistnexus.org,2011-03-04:2182797:Comment:11446162011-03-04T11:42:49.170ZDavid D Crutcherhttp://atheistnexus.org/profile/DavidDCrutcher
<p>I don't know how to comment on this one except to say that not everyone who claims to be atheist is a true atheist, in fact many people claiming atheism don't even fully understand what that means. I recently met a woman who claims she is an atheist but swears by her ouija board.. HONK.. FAIL !!! nuff said.</p>
<p> Cheers, Dave</p>
<p>I don't know how to comment on this one except to say that not everyone who claims to be atheist is a true atheist, in fact many people claiming atheism don't even fully understand what that means. I recently met a woman who claims she is an atheist but swears by her ouija board.. HONK.. FAIL !!! nuff said.</p>
<p> Cheers, Dave</p> Definition of LATENT : presen…tag:atheistnexus.org,2011-03-04:2182797:Comment:11448682011-03-04T04:52:13.365ZWill-I Am S.http://atheistnexus.org/profile/WilliamSchoenecker
<blockquote>Definition of LATENT : present and capable of emerging or developing but not now visible, obvious, active, or symptomatic</blockquote>
Perhaps not the best term to use in that sentence.. However morality is capable of emerging or developing within the laws of nature. As in, it can be an emerging property. And of course it is currently present in nature. So the argument is rather entirely moot. There is no need to discuss or argue the obvious :)<br/>
<blockquote>Definition of LATENT : present and capable of emerging or developing but not now visible, obvious, active, or symptomatic</blockquote>
Perhaps not the best term to use in that sentence.. However morality is capable of emerging or developing within the laws of nature. As in, it can be an emerging property. And of course it is currently present in nature. So the argument is rather entirely moot. There is no need to discuss or argue the obvious :)<br/> O.o ?? We don't have issues w…tag:atheistnexus.org,2011-03-04:2182797:Comment:11445122011-03-04T04:41:53.567ZWill-I Am S.http://atheistnexus.org/profile/WilliamSchoenecker
<p>O.o ?? We don't have issues with interchangeability at all. Never have. And this doesn't mean we can magically wave our hands and heal ourselves. And it would be irrelevant if some nut case thinks he can heal himself, or someone else by waving his hands. However, it does mean that we can find ways to live longer and healthier lives, or improve technological advances in things like nano-technology to perhaps clear arteries ect..</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Regardless, I am simply telling you facts here.…</p>
<p>O.o ?? We don't have issues with interchangeability at all. Never have. And this doesn't mean we can magically wave our hands and heal ourselves. And it would be irrelevant if some nut case thinks he can heal himself, or someone else by waving his hands. However, it does mean that we can find ways to live longer and healthier lives, or improve technological advances in things like nano-technology to perhaps clear arteries ect..</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Regardless, I am simply telling you facts here. :)</p> Johny it was a direct answer…tag:atheistnexus.org,2011-03-03:2182797:Comment:11434632011-03-03T15:47:53.459ZWill-I Am S.http://atheistnexus.org/profile/WilliamSchoenecker
<p>Johny it was a direct answer to your question.. Evolution gets to a point where the brain has developed a means to process more information in abstract ect. It will obviously include further behavioral evolutionary processes that can lead to morality. Thus things with a brain is a given that GOALS can become self-directed, or self-organized.. What answer were you looking for? stating the obvious isn't helping the discussion :/ We are all apart of the evolutionary process and that includes…</p>
<p>Johny it was a direct answer to your question.. Evolution gets to a point where the brain has developed a means to process more information in abstract ect. It will obviously include further behavioral evolutionary processes that can lead to morality. Thus things with a brain is a given that GOALS can become self-directed, or self-organized.. What answer were you looking for? stating the obvious isn't helping the discussion :/ We are all apart of the evolutionary process and that includes the functionality of our behaviors and brains.</p>
<p>When evolution brings forth things with a brains, it can achieve having self-directed GOALS. Just like how enzymes exhibit self-directed cognitive dynamics.. Typically evolution does things unconsciously without any specific goals. That becomes a different story when you have things with brains, or things with Neural Networks. It becomes more complex in behavior, and thus things like morality evolve. Thus we can make our own behavioral rules, and laws. Evolution as I said isn't just restricted to the concept of changes in biochemistry.. It includes behavioral evolution.</p> Information is a concept John…tag:atheistnexus.org,2011-03-03:2182797:Comment:11435522011-03-03T15:40:35.973ZWill-I Am S.http://atheistnexus.org/profile/WilliamSchoenecker
<p>Information is a concept John D. The definition of it depends on the context in which you use it.. Technically all information is made of energy. Thus you break up information into different types.. Like data, physical, written, mathematical, philosophical, genetic, ect... It's all information. Your definition of information is the common associated definition, and that is because most people have never really explored information theory in order to know what it means in different fields.…</p>
<p>Information is a concept John D. The definition of it depends on the context in which you use it.. Technically all information is made of energy. Thus you break up information into different types.. Like data, physical, written, mathematical, philosophical, genetic, ect... It's all information. Your definition of information is the common associated definition, and that is because most people have never really explored information theory in order to know what it means in different fields. Retained information just means that information is never destroyed even if it changes in purpose, function, meaning ect.. And that is because all information is made of the same stuff everything else is.</p>
<p>E=MC2 means matter can convert to energy, and energy can convert to matter. So if you understand the 4 stages of matter you can understand how information is regarded into something like physics, biology, physiology, and literally anything and everything.</p>
<p>These are not my definitions of information. It's that of the scientific community, philosophers, information theorists, biologists, engineers, and even by the justice system that governs our laws. Information theory is entirely a solid and well established field in all fields of study.. And it's something they need to start teaching kids in high school instead of just teaching them the basic grade school concept of it :/</p>
<p> </p>
<p>When I went to college for advertising, we had to take a course in information theory because those who know it well, are more able to manipulate people into buying their products. Religious organizations for example know this well, and I will demonstrate how it works in religion when I get home from work :)</p> I have an old hi school frien…tag:atheistnexus.org,2011-03-03:2182797:Comment:11434432011-03-03T12:57:46.912Zpaul babcockhttp://atheistnexus.org/profile/paulbabcock
I have an old hi school friend, Kevin Moore, who is very big w/in control theory circles. I understand precise little about it. But, I think, it is closely related to info theory. It also relates to feedback loops. And, I think, what is being controlled is info..<br />
<br />
From what I can gather from yall's exchange, yall are characterizing each others posts in a straw man fashion and talking past one another. It is a fairly common occurence, not to be upset over overly.
I have an old hi school friend, Kevin Moore, who is very big w/in control theory circles. I understand precise little about it. But, I think, it is closely related to info theory. It also relates to feedback loops. And, I think, what is being controlled is info..<br />
<br />
From what I can gather from yall's exchange, yall are characterizing each others posts in a straw man fashion and talking past one another. It is a fairly common occurence, not to be upset over overly. I will give you examples of h…tag:atheistnexus.org,2011-03-03:2182797:Comment:11432912011-03-03T05:39:18.457ZWill-I Am S.http://atheistnexus.org/profile/WilliamSchoenecker
<p>I will give you examples of how information theory works in biology and evolution. This falls under Physical information theory and information theory that deals with any pattern of information that influences the transformation of other patterns into new patterns of information. Here information is not lost, it just simply changes value, function, purpose, state, or behavior. So All of which is below are examples of physical information theory. This includes Chaos theory in regards to…</p>
<p>I will give you examples of how information theory works in biology and evolution. This falls under Physical information theory and information theory that deals with any pattern of information that influences the transformation of other patterns into new patterns of information. Here information is not lost, it just simply changes value, function, purpose, state, or behavior. So All of which is below are examples of physical information theory. This includes Chaos theory in regards to "sefl-organization"</p>
<p> </p>
<p><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lKpXlbeHwh4" target="_blank">Protein: Thermodynamics</a><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yPj4bUH-6C8&amp;NR=1" target="_blank">Photon Energy and Life</a><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U28YWjTAw_g&amp;feature=related" target="_blank">Photon is the energy evolution of everything</a><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nKZ-GjSaqgo" target="_blank">Synthetic Life 1</a><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHIocNOHd7A" target="_blank">Video: Synthetic Life 2</a><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.cmcrossroads.com/blogs-menu/featured-blogs/brad-appletons-acme-blog/12927-self-organization-and-complexity" target="_blank">Self Orgainization and Complexity</a><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/7n647v7412165jn7/" target="_blank">Self organizing algorithms through the study of RNA</a><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15603788" target="_blank">Gene self-organizing maps</a><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/97/23/12503.full" target="_blank">Self-Organizing Biochemical cycles</a><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://organprint.missouri.edu/www/fibr-pub/neagu05-178104.pdf" target="_blank">Physical Role in Biochemical Self Organization</a></p>
<p> </p>
<strong>Enzymes and self-organizing collective dynamics:</strong><br/>
<blockquote>Strong diffusional mixing and short delivery times typical for micrometer and sub-micrometer reaction volumes lead to a special situations of self oscillation where the turnover times of individual enzyme molecules become the largest characteristic time scale of the chemical kinetics. Under these conditions, populations of cross-regulating allosteric enzymes form molecular networks that exhibit various kinds of self-organized coherent collective dynamics.</blockquote>
<p><br/><strong>RNA:</strong><br/><br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100222162009.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/02/100222162009.htm</a> <br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/p0mp6w24211696h3/" target="_blank">http://www.springerlink.com/content/p0mp6w24211696h3/</a><br/><br/><strong>Further synthetic life links:</strong><br/><br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1208047/Life-order-Man-organisms-months-say-biologists.html" target="_blank">http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1208047/Life-order-M...</a><br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_life" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_life</a><br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://gizmodo.com/307958/craig-venter-claims-artificial-life-has-been-created" target="_blank">http://gizmodo.com/307958/craig-venter-claims-artificial-life-has-b...</a><br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/01/synthetic_genome?currentPage=2" target="_blank">http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2008/01/synthetic_gen...</a><br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/003908.html" target="_blank">http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/003908.html</a><br/><br/><strong>DNA Robots:</strong><br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33483705/ns/...nnovation/" target="_blank">http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/33483705/ns/...nnovation/</a><br/><br/><strong>DNA robots that can reproduce themselves:</strong><br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=8412.php" target="_blank">http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=8412.php</a><br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://lcsr.jhu.edu/wiki/images/e/e6/Chirikjian200711.pdf" target="_blank">http://lcsr.jhu.edu/wiki/images/e/e6/Chirikjian200711.pdf</a><br/><br/><strong>The Self-organized gene:</strong><br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://blog.peltarion.com/2007/04/10/the-self-organized-gene-part-1/" target="_blank">http://blog.peltarion.com/2007/04/10/the-self-organized-gene-part-1/</a><br/><br/><strong>The human Genome in relation to apes. Its the fusion of a chromosome 2:</strong><br/>* <a rel="nofollow" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_2_%28human%29" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_2_%28human%29</a><br/><br/><strong>Observed instances of speciation:</strong><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-speciation.html" target="_blank">http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-speciation.html</a><br/><br/><strong>Genotypic speciation of heterotrophic bacteria:</strong><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&amp;cpsidt=15524705" target="_blank">http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&amp;cpsidt=15524705</a><br/><br/><strong>Introduction: to species and speciation in micro-organisms:</strong><br/><a rel="nofollow" href="http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/361/1475/1897.full" target="_blank">http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/361/1475/1897.full</a><br/><br/><br/>Everything in existence has pattern from a chaotic system with feed back with order that comes from a system of chaos. All this states is that a pattern can lead to the change of another pattern should said pattern influence and exert pressure on the other as noted below:</p>
<blockquote><p><br/> * "Information is any type of pattern that influences the formation or transformation of other patterns. In this sense, there is no need for a conscious mind to perceive, much less appreciate the pattern</p>
<p> </p>
<p>* what is conveyed or represented by a particular arrangement or sequence of things, or things of representation and value. Example: genetic or, genetically transmitted information.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>* Computingdata as processed, stored, or transmitted by a computer.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>* a mathematical quantity expressing the probability of occurrence of a particular sequence of symbols, impulses, energy, matter., as contrasted with that of alternative sequences.</p>
</blockquote>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>So lets look at a direct example:</strong></p>
<p> </p>
<p>We can also go here under my evolution thread concerning Prions to understand more of what material-physical information is or means, and how it's related to evolution:<br/><br/><a href="http://thinkingaloudforum.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=32&amp;t=13429" target="_blank">http://thinkingaloudforum.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=32&amp;t=13429</a><br/><br/>We can prove physical information theory and evolution in non-living molecules as We can in living molecules. Prions are non-living molecules that can evolve and adapt to their environment. Ju­pi­ter, Fla discovered that these Prions can develop many different kinds of mutations that help prions develop defenses to withstand against threats. Even viruses that are considered non-living but active matter that can also evolve. However, viruses have a commonality with life known as DNA, and Prions do not. Prions consist of proteins that are composed of amino acids. The mutations are different folding arrangements of the protein molecules that achieve different material physical/informational characteristics much like that of DNA.. These fold­ing arrangements play an ev­o­lu­tion­ary role in pri­ons. This follows the same premise behind the driving force commonly found in cases of co-evolution and mutualism. Sorry creationists, but Darwin's theory of survival of the fittest isn't the only driving force behind evolution. The fact that non-life or non-living active matter evolves, also means that life evolves. Evolution is proven in by co-evolution, mutation, and simple observations of existing wild life. This shows the deeper communicative connection between living active matter, non-living active matter, and inactive matter.<br/><br/><a href="http://www.mad-cow.org/prion_evol.html" target="_blank">http://www.mad-cow.org/prion_evol.html</a><br/><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prion</a><br/><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coevolution" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coevolution</a><br/><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_%28biology%29" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutualism_%28biology%29</a><br/><br/>--<br/><br/>* Furthermore, we can get even deeper into information theory and evolution by linking plant and animal into one little critter known as the Green Sea Slug. Here we can observe an example of the deeper communicative process of evolution!. The Green Sea slug can actually steal photosynthesizing organelles and genes from algae. This little slug can produce it's own chlorophyll. Also, Elysia and its genetic kleptomania is yet another example of animals undergoing the sort of horizontal gene transfer that is so commonplace in bacteria to where we can see how the flow of information is a material physical process.<br/><br/><a href="http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/01/green-sea-slug/" target="_blank">http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/2010/01/green-sea-slug/</a><br/><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer" target="_blank">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer</a></p> It's simple. everything that…tag:atheistnexus.org,2011-03-03:2182797:Comment:11431782011-03-03T04:47:41.412ZWill-I Am S.http://atheistnexus.org/profile/WilliamSchoenecker
<p>It's simple. everything that made the tree a tree still exists. It doesn't vanish into nothing. It doesn't matter if it decomposes, or burns to ash and the ash gets blown away by the wind. The information isn't lost, it changes in function, form, state, or purpose. Hence, it's not literally "Lost". We don't need to track it down, or trace where it goes because that is not what we mean by information not being lost.</p>
<blockquote>A carbon atom that comes from a dead tree has no stored…</blockquote>
<p>It's simple. everything that made the tree a tree still exists. It doesn't vanish into nothing. It doesn't matter if it decomposes, or burns to ash and the ash gets blown away by the wind. The information isn't lost, it changes in function, form, state, or purpose. Hence, it's not literally "Lost". We don't need to track it down, or trace where it goes because that is not what we mean by information not being lost.</p>
<blockquote>A carbon atom that comes from a dead tree has no stored information.</blockquote>
<p><strong>Anything can be considered a piece of information.</strong> Everything has a function, or has a value. That includes the very atoms from which the tree was made from.. I posted several links in regards to information theory to which includes physical information theory.</p>
<p>The claim does make sense.. it's a well established science.. Especially in biochemistry, physics, and engineering. </p> Are you claiming that moralit…tag:atheistnexus.org,2011-03-03:2182797:Comment:11433482011-03-03T04:27:07.342ZWill-I Am S.http://atheistnexus.org/profile/WilliamSchoenecker
<blockquote>Are you claiming that morality is somehow the goal of the laws of nature? How is morality latent in the laws of nature. There is really nothing stored in the laws of nature that allow for morality to bubble up. Can you see why this looks like philosopical dingbattery? Really.</blockquote>
<p>Can you tell me anything that is not apart of nature? Consciousness can obvious achieve and make goals.. behavioral evolution is listed under the definition of…</p>
<blockquote>Are you claiming that morality is somehow the goal of the laws of nature? How is morality latent in the laws of nature. There is really nothing stored in the laws of nature that allow for morality to bubble up. Can you see why this looks like philosopical dingbattery? Really.</blockquote>
<p>Can you tell me anything that is not apart of nature? Consciousness can obvious achieve and make goals.. behavioral evolution is listed under the definition of evolution:</p>
<blockquote><p><b>Evolution</b> (also known as <b>biological</b> or <b>organic evolution</b>) is the change over time in one or more <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritability" title="Heritability">inherited</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trait_%28biology%29" title="Trait (biology)" class="mw-redirect">traits</a> found in inter-breeding <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populations" class="mw-redirect" title="Populations">populations</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisms">organisms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Futuyma_0-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution#cite_note-Futuyma-0"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> Inherited traits are particular distinguishing characteristics, including <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomical</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemical</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviour" title="Behaviour" class="mw-redirect">behavioural</a> characteristics, that result from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%E2%80%93environment_interactions" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene&#x2013;environment interactions">gene–environment interactions</a>. Evolution may occur when there is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_diversity" title="Genetic diversity">variation</a> of inherited traits within a population. The major sources of such variation are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation">mutation</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_recombination">genetic recombination</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_flow">gene flow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid10097118_1-0" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution#cite_note-pmid10097118-1"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> This process has produced all the diversity of living organisms.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>And there are many animals the exhibit moral dynamics or behaviors. One being self-preservation that leads to behavioral adaptations within a species to which will benefit it for the survival of the species. Other primates exhibit many traits of morality that we exhibit.</p>
<p><a href="http://pressblog.uchicago.edu/2009/01/27/do_animals_have_a_sense_of_mor.html" target="_blank">http://pressblog.uchicago.edu/2009/01/27/do_animals_have_a_sense_of_mor.html</a></p>
<p><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3014747.stm" target="_blank">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3014747.stm</a></p>
<p><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3116678.stm" target="_blank">http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3116678.stm</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/06/060630100140.htm" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/06/060630100140.htm</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/5373379/Animals-can-tell-right-from-wrong.html" target="_blank">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/wildlife/5373379/Animals-can-tell-right-from-wrong.html</a></p>
<p><a href="http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1105&amp;context=bts" target="_blank">http://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1105&amp;context=bts</a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~cushman/publications/Publications_files/PPP_1.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.wjh.harvard.edu/~cushman/publications/Publications_files/PPP_1.pdf</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Orca's have been found to have social groups or even separation of social cultures in their behaviors:</p>
<p><a href="http://137.110.142.7/uploadedFiles/2010_Rehn%20et%20al_Naturwissenscharften_KW%20Laughter.pdf" target="_blank">http://137.110.142.7/uploadedFiles/2010_Rehn%20et%20al_Naturwissenscharften_KW%20Laughter.pdf</a></p>
<p> </p>
<p>Pretty much anything with a brain can exhibit moral behaviors, or dynamics. Some are more primitive than others. But morality is seen as typically more applicable to things with a brain. :)</p>
<br/>