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51 Cards in this Set

A series of lays passed mainly in the Southern colies to defend the status of slaves and codify the denial of basic civil rights to them

slave codes

Uprising of slaves in southampton county, VA in the summer, led by Nat Turner, resulted in death of 55 white people

Nat Turner's Rebellion

laws passed by states and municipalities denying many rights of citizenship to free black people before the civil war

black codes

Dramatic improvements in trasnportation that stimulated economic growth by expanding the range of travel and reducing the time and cost of moving goods and people

Transportation Revolution

System of manufacturing in which merchants furnished households with raw materials for processing by family members.

Putting-out system

During the industrializatiin of the early nineteenth century, the recruitment of entire families for employment in a factory

Rhode Island System

During the industrialization of the early nineteenth century the recruitment of umnarried young women for employment in the factories

Waltham System

A technique of production [ionered in the US that relied on precision manufacturing with the use of interchangeable parts

American System of Manufacturing

Reform movement originating in 1820s but sought to eliminate consumption of alcohol

Temperence

Belief that women by, by virtue of their sex, should stay at home as the moral guardians of family life

Cult of domesticity

joined by American-born artisans which sought to curb mass immigration from Europe and limit the political rights of catholic immigrants

Nativist organizations

Network of reform associations affiliated with protestant churches in the early nineteenth century dedicated to their restorations of moral order

Benevolent empire

reform organization founded by congregationalist and presbyterian ministers that lobbied for an end to the delivery of mail on sundays and other sabbath violations

sabbatarian movement

national organization established by evangelical protestants that campaigned for total abstinence

American temperence society

organization founded by female reformers that established homes of refuge for prostitutes and petitioned for state laws that would criminalize adultery and the seduction of women

American Female Moral Reform Society

Church founded by joseph smith and based on the revelations in a sacred book he called the Book of Mormons

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Followers of Mother Ann Lee who preached a religion of strict celibacy and communal living

Shaker

A social structure based on the common ownership of property

Communisim

Utopian community established in upstate NY by John Humphrey Noyes and his followers

Oneida Community

Short lived utopian community established in Indiana based on socialist ideas of Robert Owen a wealthy Scottish manufacturer

New Harmony

Political and economic theory advocating that land natural resources, and the chief industries should be owned by the community as a whole

Socialism

organization founded by anti-slavery reformers that called for gradual emancipation and the removal of freed blacks to africa

American Colonization Society

First national organizaton of abolitionists

American Anti-Slavery Society

The first convention for women's equality in legal rights

Seneca Falls Convention

The resolutions passed at the Seneca Falls Convention calling for full female equality, including the right to vote

Declaration of Sentiments

Doctrine, that expansion of white Americans across the continent was inevitable and ordained by God

Manifest Destiny

Groups of local settlers on the nineteenth-century frontier who banded together to prevent the price of their land claims from being bid up by outsiders at public land auctions

Claims clubs

Overland trail of more than two thousand miles that dcarried American settlers from te MIdwest to new settlements in Oregon, California, and Utah

Oregon Trail

Agents who received a land grant from the Spanish or Mexican government in return for organizing settlements

Empresarios

Franciscan mission at San Antonio, Texas that was the site of a siege and massacre of Texans by Mexican Troops

Alamo

Californians of Spanish descent

Californios

The 900-mile trail opened by American merchants for trading purposes following Mexico's liberalization of the formerly restrictive trading policies of SPain

Sante Fe Trail

The addition of half a million square miles to the United States as a result of victory in the 1846 war between the US and Mexico

Mexican Session of 1848

Uprising of Pueblo Indians in New Mexico that broke out over the imposition of American rule during the Mexican War, the revolt was crushed within a few weeks

Taos Revolt

The amendment offered by Pennsylvania Democrat David Wilmot in 1846 which stipulated that "as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any territory from the Republic of Mexico...neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory."

Wilmot Proviso

A solution to the slavery crisis suggested by Michigan senator Lewis Cass by which territorial residents, not Congress, would decide slavery's fate

Popular Sovereignty

The four-step compromise which admitted California as a free state, allowed residents of New Mexico and Utah territories to decide the slavery issue for themselves, ended slave trade in District of Columbia, and passed new fugitive slave law to enforce constitutional provision stating that a slave escaping into a free state shall be delivered back to the owner

Compromise of 1850

Laws, part of the Compromise of 1850, that required the authorites in the North to assist Southern slave catchers and return runaway slaves to their owners

Fugitive Slave Act

Message sent by US envoys to President Pierce from Osteand, Belgium, in 1854, stating that the United States had a "divine right" ro wrest Cuba from Spain

Ostend Manifesto

Law passed creating the Kansas and Nebraska Territories leaving the question of slavery open to residents, thereby repealing the Missouri Compromise

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Violence between pro- and antislavery forces in Kansas Territory after the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act

"Bleeding Kansas"

Anti-immigrant party formed from the wreckage of the Whig party formed from the wreckage of the Whig Party and some disaffected Northern Democrats

Know-Nothing Party

Party that emerged in the 1950s in the aftermath of the bitter controversey over the Kansas-Nebraska Act consisting former Whigs, some Northern Democrats, and many KnowNothings

Republican Party

Supreme Court Ruling in a lawsuit brought by Dred Scott, demanding his freedom based on residence in a free state, that slaves could not by US citizens and the Congress had no jurisdiction over slavery in territories

Dred Scott Decision

Proslavery draft written by Kansas territorial delegates elected under questionable circumstances, it was rejected by two governors, supported by Presidant Buchanan and decisively defeated by Congress

Lecompton Constitution

Banking Crisis that caused a credit crunch in the North it was less severe in the South, where high cotton prices spurred a quick recovery

Panic of 1857

Series of debates in the 1858 Illinois senatorial campaign during which Douglas and Lincoln staked out their differing opinions on the issue of slavery

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

New England abolitionist John Brown's illfated attempt to free Virginia slaves with a raid on the federal arsenal at Harper's Ferry, Virginia

John Brown's Raid

National Party formed mainly by former Whigs that emphasized allegiance to the Union and strict enforcement of all national legislation

Constitutional Union Party

Nation proclaimed in Montgomery, Alabama, in February, after the seven states of the Lower South seceded from the United States

Confederate States of America

A fort located in Charleston, South Carolina, where President Lincoln attempted to provision federal troops, triggering a hostile response from on-shore Confederate forces, opening the Civil War