Edward III, King of England was born on 13 November 1312 at Windsor Castle, Windsor, Berkshire, England.3 He was the son of Edward II, King of England and IsabelledeFrance.4 He married Philipped'Avesnes, daughter of Guillaume V (III)d'Avesnes, Comte de Hainaut et Graaf van Holland en Zeeland and JeannedeValois, on 24 January 1328 at York Minster, York, Yorkshire, England.5 He died on 21 June 1377 at age 64 at Sheen Palace, Surrey, England, from a stroke.6 He was buried at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England.6 He was created 1st Earl of Chester [England] on 24 November 1312.7 He gained the title of Comte de Ponthieu et Montreuil [France] on 2 September 1325.5 He was created Duc d'Aquitaine [France] on 10 September 1325.8 He gained the title of King Edward III of England on 25 January 1327.9 He was crowned King of England on 1 February 1328 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England, and styled 'Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae et Dux Aquitaniae.9' On 20 October 1330 he assumed personal rule over England, after overthrowing the Regents, his mother and Roger Mortimer.5 In January 1340 he claimed the title of King of France, which started the Hundred Years War.5 Edward's reign lasted 50 years. He was only 14 on his accession to the throne and the country was ruled by his mother Isabella and her lover Robert Mortimer. When he was 17 Edward took control and had Mortimer hanged and his mother imprisoned. He organised a professional army including trained long bow archers. In 1340 the English Navy beat the French thus winning control of the Channel and in 1346 he sailed with his son the Black Prince to start the 100 Years War in France. On Monday evening on 26 August 1346 he fought a French army three times the size of his at Crecy and the battle raged through the night into the next day. The French were annihilated and Edward followed this by laying siege to Calais and taking the town within 12 months. Gunpowder was used for the first time in this campaign but the real winner was the English long bow. At home, the Black Death raged and about 500,000 to 800,000 people died in England. On 19 Sept 1356 the Black Prince and his brother John of Gaunt slaughtered a French army twice their size at Poitiers. Under Edward, the House of Commons was developed as a means of raising taxes. Among institutions, justices of the peace were so titled in 1360, and Edward founded the Order of the Garter (1348). His parliaments were first divided into Lords and Commons (1332) and became fixed at Westminster, using English from 1362. He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography.10

[S2] Peter W. Hammond, editor, The Complete Peerage or a History of the House of Lords and All its Members From the Earliest Times, Volume XIV: Addenda & Corrigenda (Stroud, Gloucestershire, U.K.: Sutton Publishing, 1998), page 79. Hereinafter cited as The Complete Peerage, Volume XIV.

EdmundofLangley, 1st Duke of York was born on 5 June 1341 at King's Langley, Hertfordshire, England.1,2 He was the son of Edward III, King of England and Philipped'Avesnes. He married IsabelladeCastilla, daughter of Pedro I, Rey de Castilla y León and MariadePadilla, between 1 March 1372 and 30 April 1372 at Hertford Castle, Hertford, Hertfordshire, England.1 He married JoandeHoland, daughter of ThomasdeHoland, 2nd/5th Earl of Kent and LadyAliceFitzAlan, circa 4 November 1393.3 He died on 1 August 1402 at age 61 at King's Langley, Hertfordshire, England.3 He was buried at Church of the Dominicans, King's Langley, Hertfordshire, England.3 On 6 August 1347 he was granted all the lands beyond Trent late of his godfather, the Earl of Surrey.1 He fought in the campaign in France in 1359/60.4 He was invested as a Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) circa April 1361.4 He was created 1st Earl of Cambridge [England] on 13 November 1362.4 He fought in the campaign in France between 1369 and 1371.4 He fought in the campaign in France between August 1372 and September 1375.4 He held the office of Warden of the Cinque Ports between 12 June 1376 and 1 February 1381.1 He held the office of Constable of Dover Castle between 12 June 1376 and 1 February 1381.1 He was Chief Commissioner for the defense of the Kentish coast against the French on 30 June 1377.4 He fought in the expedition against St. Malo in 1378.5 He was Chief Commissioner to treat with the ambassador of Bohemia concerning the King's marriage on 29 March 1381.5 He fought in the expedition in Portugal against the Spaniards in 1381/82, which he commanded without much success.5 In 1385 1st DUKE OF YORK of the created and 5th.6 He was created 1st Duke of York [England] on 6 August 1385.5 He held the office of Justice of Chester and county Flint on 28 September 1385.5 He was a member of the Council of Regency on 19 November 1386.5 He held the office of Keeper of the Bailiwick of the Forests of Rutland and Leighfield on 4 May 1388.5 He was Commissioner to treat for peace with France on 10 March 1393/94, along with Lancaster.5 He was Surveyor of the temporalities of the Archbishop of Canterbury on 5 August 1396.5 He held the office of Keeper of Mortagne-sur-la-Gironde on 24 February 1396/97.5 He held the office of Keeper of Freemantle Park, Hampshire on 12 May 1397.5 He held the office of Steward of England between 20 March 1399 and August 1399.7 On 27 July 1399 at Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England, he made his peace with the new King Henry IV, instead of opposing his landing.7 He was invested as a Privy Counsellor (P.C.) in 1399.7