The Umayyad Caliphate بنو أمية (c. 661-750 CE/41-132 AH) was the second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Rasulallah.
Although the Umayyad family originally came from the city of Makkah, their capital was Damascus. At its greatest extent, it covered more than five million square miles (13,000,000 km2), making it one of the largest empires the world had yet seen, and the seventh largest contiguous empire ever to exist.
Al-Bidayah wan Nihayah (The Beginning and The End) by the renowned scholar Abu Al-Fida 'Imad ad-Deen Isma'eel bin 'Umar ibn Katheer is considered one of the most authoritative sources on Islamic history.