@inproceedings{9a33324ae8bc402997de1e3d9f08c1dc, title = "160W single-frequency laser based on active tapered double-clad fiber amplifier", author = "Trikshev, {A. I.} and Kurkov, {A. S.} and Tsvetkov, {V. B.} and Filatova, {S. A.} and J. Kertulla and V. Filippov and Chamorovskiy, {Y. K.} and Okhotnikov, {O. G.}", year = "2013", language = "English", isbn = "9781479905942", booktitle = "Optics InfoBase Conference Papers", }
@article{d0f80a119c924caeb4aab5f0b1499e65, title = "Acquiring respiration rate from photoplethysmographic signal by recursive bayesian tracking of intrinsic modes in time-frequency spectra", abstract = "Respiration rate (RR) provides useful information for assessing the status of a patient. We propose RR estimation based on photoplethysmography (PPG) because the blood perfusion dynamics are known to carry information on breathing, as respiration-induced modulations in the PPG signal. We studied the use of amplitude variability of transmittance mode finger PPG signal in RR estimation by comparing four time-frequency (TF) representation methods of the signal cascaded with a particle filter. The TF methods compared were short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and three types of synchrosqueezing methods. The public VORTAL database was used in this study. The results indicate that the advanced frequency reallocation methods based on synchrosqueezing approach may present improvement over linear methods, such as STFT. The best results were achieved using wavelet synchrosqueezing transform, having a mean absolute error and median error of 2.33 and 1.15 breaths per minute, respectively. Synchrosqueezing methods were generally more accurate than STFT on most of the subjects when particle filtering was applied. While TF analysis combined with particle filtering is a promising alternative for real-time estimation of RR, artefacts and non-respiration-related frequency components remain problematic and impose requirements for further studies in the areas of signal processing algorithms an PPG instrumentation.", keywords = "Particle filters, Photoplethysmography, Respiration, Synchrosqueezing, Time-frequency analysis", author = "Mikko Pirhonen and Mikko Peltokangas and Antti Vehkaoja", note = "int=TUT-BMT,{"}Pirhonen, Mikko{"}", year = "2018", month = "6", day = "1", doi = "10.3390/s18061693", language = "English", volume = "18", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "6", }
@article{a8bfa56bc38e4a3092f6bb7b9f5d832e, title = "Adaptive and nonlinear control of discharge pressure for variable displacement axial piston pumps", abstract = "This paper proposes, for the first time without using any linearization or order reduction, an adaptive and model-based discharge pressure control design for the variable displacement axial piston pumps (VDAPPs), whose dynamical behaviors are highly nonlinear and can be described by a fourth-order differential equation. The rigorous stability proof, with an asymptotic convergence, is given for the entire system. In the proposed novel controller design method, the specifically designed stabilizing terms constitute an essential core to cancel out all the stability-preventing terms. The experimental results reveal that rapid parameter adaptation significantly improves the feedback signal tracking precision compared to a known-parameter controller design. In the comparative experiments, the adaptive controller design demonstrates the state-of-the-art discharge pressure control performance, enabling a possibility for energy consumption reductions in hydraulic systems driven with VDAPP.", author = "Janne Koivum{\"a}ki and Jouni Mattila", year = "2017", month = "10", day = "1", doi = "10.1115/1.4036537", language = "English", volume = "139", journal = "Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control: Transactions of the ASME", issn = "0022-0434", publisher = "American Society of Mechanical Engineers", number = "10", }
@article{4385cf73c6bf49838aa42f2fd8f33086, title = "Adaptive multiresolution method for MAP reconstruction in electron tomography", abstract = "3D image reconstruction with electron tomography holds problems due to the severely limited range of projection angles and low signal to noise ratio of the acquired projection images. The maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstruction methods have been successful in compensating for the missing information and suppressing noise with their intrinsic regularization techniques. There are two major problems in MAP reconstruction methods: (1) selection of the regularization parameter that controls the balance between the data fidelity and the prior information, and (2) long computation time. One aim of this study is to provide an adaptive solution to the regularization parameter selection problem without having additional knowledge about the imaging environment and the sample. The other aim is to realize the reconstruction using sequences of resolution levels to shorten the computation time. The reconstructions were analyzed in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency using a simulated biological phantom and publically available experimental datasets of electron tomography. The numerical and visual evaluations of the experiments show that the adaptive multiresolution method can provide more accurate results than the weighted back projection (WBP), simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT), and sequential MAP expectation maximization (sMAPEM) method. The method is superior to sMAPEM also in terms of computation time and usability since it can reconstruct 3D images significantly faster without requiring any parameter to be set by the user.", keywords = "Adaptive reconstruction, Electron tomography (ET), Maximum a posteriori (MAP) reconstruction, Missing wedge, Multiresolution reconstruction, Regularization parameter", author = "Erman Acar and Sari Peltonen and Ulla Ruotsalainen", year = "2016", month = "11", day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.08.002", language = "English", volume = "170", pages = "24--34", journal = "Ultramicroscopy", issn = "0304-3991", publisher = "Elsevier", }
@inproceedings{7ba878079ffd41b290c4055f7a553061, title = "Advancements in Solution Processable Devices using Metal Oxides For Printed Internet-of-Things Objects", abstract = "Internet-of-things (IoT) objects are expected to exceed 75 billion objects by 2020, and a large part of the expansion is expected to be at a finer granularity than existing silicon-based IoT objects (i.e. tablets and cell phones) can deliver [1]. Currently, placing a room light or a thermostat on the internet for remote control is considered progressive. However, if printed electronics can achieve performance increases, then IoT objects could be affixed to almost anything, such as coffee creamer cartons, cereal boxes, or that missing sock. Each of these IoT objects could be driving a sensor, perhaps position, temperature or pressure, essentially a multitude of applications. In order for IoT objects to emulate a simple postage stamp, with self-powering from energy scavenging and local energy storage, all housed in a non-toxic flexible form factor, advances in solution processable devices need to occur.", keywords = "ALD, CMOS and SOI, energy scavenging, IoT, low-power electronics, Manufacturing, NDR, tunnel diodes", author = "Berger, {Paul R.} and Miao Li and Mattei, {Ryan M.} and Niang, {Maimouna A.} and Noah Talisa and Michael Tripepi and Brandon Harris and Bhalerao, {Sagar R.} and Chowdhury, {Enam A.} and Winter, {Charles H.} and Donald Lupo", year = "2019", month = "3", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/EDTM.2019.8731322", language = "English", pages = "160--162", booktitle = "2019 Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference, EDTM 2019", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{94a53e27ac1d4373bf9b7f6e4fd9564c, title = "A Framework for Using Radar Measurements of Unknown Targets in Hierarchical Classification", abstract = "Real-life target recognition often requires appropriate processing of unknown targets. Such targets are the ones that the automatic target recognition system has not been trained to identify. These targets may, however, be interesting whereupon they should be further analyzed. In this paper, we propose a novel framework for analyzing radar measurements of unknown targets in order to incorporate them into a hierarchical target class taxonomy for the target recognition. Besides the preliminary information, a vital part in the analysis of the radar measurement is the comparison between the measured signature and the signatures of the known target types and categories. We use the results of such analysis to indicate potential spots in the class taxonomy where to add the unknown target. The framework allows identification of unknown target types that have been previously observed, when they are encountered again. We demonstrate the proposed framework through an experiment using the real data of a multi-radar system. In the experiments, we show the feasibility of our approach by examining target recognition in two cases: using our framework and without it. We find that the proposed framework enables enhanced processing of unknown targets in radar target recognition.", author = "Marja Ruotsalainen and Henna Perala and Minna Vaila and Juha Jylha and Mikko Kauhanen", note = "INT=comp,{"}Kauhanen, Mikko{"}", year = "2019", language = "English", isbn = "978-1-7281-1840-6", booktitle = "FUSION 2019 - 22nd International Conference on Information Fusion", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{7e9a6c2d1af4455fbdecf3dba5ec9f05, title = "Alpha radiation-induced luminescence by am-241 in aqueous nitric acid solution", abstract = "When exposed to air, alpha particles cause the production of light by exciting the molecules surrounding them. This light, the radioluminescence, is indicative of the presence of alpha radiation, thus allowing for the optical sensing of alpha radiation from distances larger than the few centimeters an alpha particle can travel in air. While the mechanics of radioluminescence in air and other gas compositions is relatively well understood, the same cannot be said about the radioluminescence properties of liquids. Better understanding of the radioluminescence properties of liquids is essential to design methods for the detection of radioactively contaminated liquids by optical means. In this article, we provide radioluminescence images of Am-241 dissolved in aqueous nitric acid (HNO 3 ) solution and present the recorded radioluminescence spectrum with a maximum between and, and a steep decrease at the short wavelength side of the maximum. The shape of the spectrum resembles a luminescence process rather than Cerenkov light, bremsstrahlung, or other mechanisms with broadband emission. We show that the amount of light produced is about 150 times smaller compared to that of the same amount of Am-241 in air. The light production in the liquid is evenly distributed throughout the sample volume with a slight increase on the surface of the liquid. The radioluminescence intensity is shown to scale linearly with the Am-241 concentration and not be affected by the HNO 3 concentration.", keywords = "Alpha radiation, Americium, Liquid phase luminescence, Radioluminescence", author = "Thomas Kerst and Rikard Malmbeck and {lal Banik}, {Nidhu L.} and Juha Toivonen", year = "2019", month = "4", day = "1", doi = "10.3390/s19071602", language = "English", volume = "19", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "7", }
@article{9e96f84eb8004df6aadbbf1bfd304f9e, title = "Ambient rf energy harvesting sensor device with capacitor-leakage-aware duty cycle control", abstract = "In this paper, we present a software control method that maximizes the sensing rate of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that are solely powered by ambient RF power. Unlike all other energy harvesting WSN systems, RF-powered systems present new challenges for energy management. A WSN node repeatedly charges and discharges at short intervals, depending on the energy intake. Typically in energy harvesting systems, a capacitor is used for energy storage because of its efficient charge and discharge performance and infinite recharge cycles. When the charging time is too short, a node is more likely to experience an energy shortage. On the contrary, if it is too long, more energy is lost because of leakage in the capacitor. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive duty cycle control scheme optimized for RF energy harvesting. This method maximizes the sensing rate by taking into account the leakage problem, a factor that has never been previously studied in this context. Our control scheme improves the efficiency by aggregate evaluation of operation reliability and leakage reduction.", keywords = "Ambient RF energy harvesting, capacitor, digital TV, duty cycle control, wireless sensor networks", author = "Ryo Shigeta and Tatsuya Sasaki and Quan, {Duong Minh} and Yoshihiro Kawahara and Vyas, {Rushi J.} and Tentzeris, {Manos M.} and Tohru Asami", year = "2013", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2013.2264931", language = "English", volume = "13", pages = "2973--2983", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "8", }
@article{602e8fac842a4fa9b8cba1d295a02f95, title = "Amplifier similariton laser with extra-broad bandwidth output pulse", abstract = "We propose an advanced scheme of amplifier similariton laser providing an output pulse spectrum much wider than the gain bandwidth. The upgrade is an additional dispersive element introduced into the cavity to locally increase the peak pulse power. The proposed scheme demonstrates a drastic increase in the output pulse spectrum width, reduction of the pulse duration, and an increase in the output peak pulse power after compression.", keywords = "amplifier similariton laser, gain bandwidth, parabolic pulses", author = "Korobko, {D. A.} and Okhotnikov, {O. G.} and Zolotovskii, {I. O.}", year = "2016", month = "3", day = "1", doi = "10.1088/1612-2011/13/3/035106", language = "English", volume = "13", journal = "Laser Physics Letters", issn = "1612-2011", publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.", number = "3", }
@article{9fb5ff59fbd24a8d896a99d9a57257d0, title = "An activity recognition framework deploying the random forest classifier and a single optical heart rate monitoring and triaxial accelerometer wrist-band", abstract = "Wrist-worn sensors have better compliance for activity monitoring compared to hip, waist, ankle or chest positions. However, wrist-worn activity monitoring is challenging due to the wide degree of freedom for the hand movements, as well as similarity of hand movements in different activities such as varying intensities of cycling. To strengthen the ability of wrist-worn sensors in detecting human activities more accurately, motion signals can be complemented by physiological signals such as optical heart rate (HR) based on photoplethysmography. In this paper, an activity monitoring framework using an optical HR sensor and a triaxial wrist-worn accelerometer is presented. We investigated a range of daily life activities including sitting, standing, household activities and stationary cycling with two intensities. A random forest (RF) classifier was exploited to detect these activities based on the wrist motions and optical HR. The highest overall accuracy of 89.6 ± 3.9{\%} was achieved with a forest of a size of 64 trees and 13-s signal segments with 90{\%} overlap. Removing the HR-derived features decreased the classification accuracy of high-intensity cycling by almost 7{\%}, but did not affect the classification accuracies of other activities. A feature reduction utilizing the feature importance scores of RF was also carried out and resulted in a shrunken feature set of only 21 features. The overall accuracy of the classification utilizing the shrunken feature set was 89.4 ± 4.2{\%}, which is almost equivalent to the above-mentioned peak overall accuracy.", keywords = "Accelerometer, Activity recognition, Context awareness, Machine learning, Photoplethysmography, Random forest, Wrist-worn sensors", author = "Saeed Mehrang and Julia Pietil{\"a} and Ilkka Korhonen", year = "2018", month = "2", day = "22", doi = "10.3390/s18020613", language = "English", volume = "18", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "2", }
@inproceedings{70379ddf79714770be6496ff5066cbc8, title = "A novel technique for analysis of postural information with wearable devices", abstract = "These days, as many jobs involve sitting behind desks and working with computers for extended periods, more and more people are suffering from back problems. Maintenance of an appropriate posture may prevent future back problems. There are various medical methods for studying postures abnormalities of the back but most of these methods are limited to be utilized in diagnostics and follow-up of treatment and not used in a continuous or in a preventive manner. Therefore, designing and developing methods for measuring, analyzing and reporting of posture information, aimed for prevention of future back problems is of fundamental interest. In this work, a proof-of-concept system, including five accelerometer sensor units is presented. Additionally, an index, which we call spine inclination index (SII), is introduced and used for converting the raw data to meaningful presentable information. Initial evaluation includes measurements with six subjects. Subjects were asked to mimic accentuated kyphotic, straight and accentuated lordotic postures while sitting. Our results show that the designed device and SII index are able to distinguish between different postures very well. In addition, since this device measures the inclination angle of different spinal postures, its output can be directly compared with other widely used methods.", author = "Vala Jeyhani and Shadi Mahdiani and Jari Viik and Niku Oksala and Antti Vehkaoja", year = "2018", month = "4", day = "2", doi = "10.1109/BSN.2018.8329651", language = "English", pages = "30--33", booktitle = "2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on Wearable and Implantable Body Sensor Networks, BSN 2018", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{a2d6ce7469e54c97b6e29124a673201a, title = "Automatic detection of water inside concrete slabs using ground penetrating radar", abstract = "Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is generally used as a non-destructive method of inspection for structures and for finding defects in concrete slabs. In this paper, GPR is used in the detection of water inside the cavities of concrete hollow core slabs. We propose an algorithm that determines the water level inside the concrete slab by analyzing the time delays of the reflections originating from inside the cavity. The algorithm is based on utilizing prior knowledge about the geometry of the hollow core slab. The presence of water was successfully detected and an estimate for the height of the water surface was obtained with a GPR system operating with a central frequency of 2.7 GHz. Based on the experiments, the proposed method holds promise in providing a robust and accurate method for the detection of water inside the concrete slabs. Results, possible future research and analysis of the feasibility of GPR systems in water detection are presented and discussed.", author = "Khan, {Muhammad Adnan} and Risto Vehmas and Ari Visa", note = "jufoid=57477", year = "2019", month = "4", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/RADAR.2019.8835797", language = "English", publisher = "IEEE", booktitle = "2019 IEEE Radar Conference, RadarConf 2019", }
@inproceedings{4213cf539b2b4aa692ae8fae7a48c3ba, title = "Automatic numerical differentiation by maximum likelihood estimation of a linear Gaussian state space model", abstract = "A linear Gaussian state-space smoothing algorithm is presented for off-line estimation of derivatives from a sequence of noisy measurements. The algorithm uses numerically stable square-root formulas, can handle simultaneous independent measurements and non-equally spaced abscissas, and can compute state estimates at points between the data abscissas. The state space model's parameters, including driving noise intensity, measurement variance, and initial state, are determined from the given data sequence using maximum likelihood estimation computed using an expectation maximisation iteration. In tests with synthetic biomechanics data, the algorithm is found to be more accurate compared to a widely used open source automatic numerical differentiation algorithm, especially for acceleration estimation.", author = "Robert Piche", year = "2019", month = "6", day = "1", doi = "10.23919/ECC.2019.8795960", language = "English", pages = "1861--1865", booktitle = "2019 18th European Control Conference, ECC 2019", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{5cdccd163a4b4c0a8570c434ee84af14, title = "Binary Non-Negative Matrix Deconvolution for Audio Dictionary Learning", abstract = "In this study, we propose an unsupervised method for dictionary learning in audio signals. The new method, called binary nonnegative matrix deconvolution (BNMD), is developed and used to discover patterns from magnitude-scale spectrograms. The BNMD models an audio spectrogram as a sum of delayed patterns having binary gains (activations). Only small subsets of patterns can be active for a given spectrogram excerpt. The proposed method was applied to speaker identification and separation tasks. The experimental results show that dictionaries obtained by the BNMD bring much higher speaker identification accuracies averaged over a range of SNRs from -6 dB to 9 dB (91.3{\%}) than the NMD-based dictionaries (37.8-75.4{\%}). The BNMD also gives a benefit over dictionaries obtained using vector quantization (87.8{\%}). For bigger dictionaries the difference between the BNMD and the vector quantization (VQ) is getting smaller. For the speech separation task the BNMD dictionary gave a slight improvement over the VQ.", keywords = "Sparse coding, speaker recognition, speech separation", author = "Szymon Drgas and Tuomas Virtanen and J{\"o}rg L{\"u}cke and Antti Hurmalainen", note = "EXT={"}Hurmalainen, Antti{"}", year = "2017", month = "8", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/TASLP.2017.2709909", language = "English", volume = "25", pages = "1644--1656", journal = "Ieee-Acm transactions on audio speech and language processing", issn = "2329-9290", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "8", }
@article{5a0559a9dc96481cb5aa88dc98180bc4, title = "Bioimpedance Sensor Array for Long-Term Monitoring of Wound Healing from Beneath the Primary Dressings and Controlled Formation of H2O2 Using Low-Intensity Direct Current", abstract = "Chronic wounds impose a significant financial burden for the healthcare system. Currently, assessment and monitoring of hard-to-heal wounds are often based on visual means and measuring the size of the wound. The primary wound dressings must be removed before assessment can be done. We have developed a quasi-monopolar bioimpedance-measurement-based method and a measurement system to determine the status of wound healing. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that with an appropriate setup, long-term monitoring of wound healing from beneath the primary dressings is feasible. The developed multielectrode sensor array was applied on the wound area and left under the primary dressings for 142 h. The impedance of the wounds and the surrounding intact skin area was measured regularly during the study at 150 Hz, 300 Hz, 1 kHz, and 5 kHz frequencies. At the end of the follow-up period, the wound impedance had reached the impedance of the intact skin at the higher frequencies and increased significantly at the lowest frequencies. The measurement frequency affected the measurement sensitivity in wound monitoring. The skin impedance remained stable over the measurement period. The sensor array also enabled the administration of periodical low-intensity direct current (LIDC) stimulation in order to create an antimicrobial environment across the wound area via the controlled formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).", keywords = "beneath the dressings, bioimpedance, hydrogen peroxide, long-term monitoring, low-intensity direct current, multielectrode, quasi-monopolar, sensor array, wound dressing, wound monitoring, wound stimulation", author = "Atte Kekonen and Mikael Bergelin and Max Johansson and {Kumar Joon}, Narender and Johan Bobacka and Jari Viik", year = "2019", month = "5", day = "31", doi = "10.3390/s19112505", language = "English", volume = "19", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "11", }
@article{e8d6449c27874804bcd20d5b041f9422, title = "Blind Separation of Audio Mixtures Through Nonnegative Tensor Factorization of Modulation Spectrograms", abstract = "This paper presents an algorithm for unsupervised single-channel source separation of audio mixtures. The approach specifically addresses the challenging case of separation where no training data are available. By representing mixtures in the modulation spectrogram (MS) domain, we exploit underlying similarities in patterns present across frequency. A three-dimensional tensor factorization is able to take advantage of these redundant patterns, and is used to separate a mixture into an approximated sum of components by minimizing a divergence cost. Furthermore, we show that the basic tensor factorization can be extended with convolution in time being used to improve separation results and provide update rules to learn components in such a manner. Following factorization, sources are reconstructed in the audio domain from estimated components using a novel approach based on reconstruction masks that are learned using MS activations, and then applied to a mixture spectrogram. We demonstrate that the proposed method produces superior separation performance to a spectrally based nonnegative matrix factorization approach, in terms of source-to-distortion ratio. We also compare separation with the perceptually motivated interference-related perceptual score metric and identify cases with higher performance.", keywords = "Factorization, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), source separation, speech enhancement", author = "Tom Barker and Tuomas Virtanen", year = "2016", month = "12", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/TASLP.2016.2602546", language = "English", volume = "24", pages = "2377--2389", journal = "Ieee-Acm transactions on audio speech and language processing", issn = "2329-9290", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "12", }
@inproceedings{92ec1c67837a4716b86afad88b68517a, title = "Charge Storage Level Sensor RFID Tag: Impedance Matching and Experimental Characterisation", abstract = "We present an RF energy harvesting system where two distinct passive UHF RFID microchips provide different tag IDs to detect low and high states of the harvester's charge storage. This enables the backend system to acknowledge when the harvesting system is ready for advanced power consuming operations. Overall, we were able to read the separate IDs of the tag at the distance of 3 m from an RFID reader that is emitting the regulated EIRP of 3.28 W and charging harvester's storage capacitor to 0.625 V through 8.7 dBi harvesting antenna.", keywords = "Far-field RF energy harvesting, impedance matching, PIN diode, RF rectifier, RF switch, RFID", author = "Nikta Pournoori and Leena Ukkonen and Lauri Syd{\"a}nheimo and Toni Bj{\"o}rninen", year = "2019", month = "3", day = "1", language = "English", booktitle = "13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2019", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{bcf09e6171854449bdb5d2139ac71841, title = "Chipless graphene tag and dual-CP reader for Internet of Things", abstract = "This paper proposes a printable chipless tag that encodes more bits than a conventional tag, and also a dual circularly polarized (CP) reader that achieves high isolation as well as insensitive orientation. To demonstrate this concept, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag with a compact size of 12mm × 12mm is designed to encode 8 bits covering 6-9 GHz, and is investigated with dual-CP backscattering characteristics. Using conductive ink such as graphene, it is possible to directly print this kind of chipless tag on A4 papers, clothes, plastics, etc. This flexible low-cost tag and dual-CP reader are promising to significantly benefit the Internet of Things (IoT).", keywords = "Chipless tag, dual circular polarization, Internet of Things (IoT), radar cross section (RCS), radio-frequency identification (RFID)", author = "Guoqing Dong and Yizhu Shen and Han He and Johanna Virkki and Sanming Hu", year = "2017", month = "9", day = "26", language = "English", booktitle = "2017 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium in China, ACES-China 2017", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{02fd65f0e2fc438e846e526002b647f0, title = "Circularly polarized shorted ring slot rectenna with a mesh design for optimized inkjet printing on paper substrate", abstract = "The design of a 2.45 GHz circularly polarized rectenna inkjet printed on paper is presented. The proposed antenna structure is a shorted ring slot with a modified ground plane where a mesh design is employed in order to reduce the required amount of silver nanoparticle ink that needs to be inkjet-printed. A meshed ground plane with 29 {\%} conducting surface relative to a solid ground was demonstrated with a simulated gain of 2.2 dB, axial ratio of 0.6 dB at 2.45 GHz and a peak rectifier efficiency of 45 {\%} for -15 dBm input received power at the antenna terminals.", keywords = "circularly polarized rectenna, Inkjet printing, paper substrate, slot antenna", author = "R. Martinez and John Kimionis and A. Georgiadis and A. Collado and M. Tentzeris and G. Goussetis and Tornero, {J. L.}", year = "2015", month = "8", day = "27", language = "English", booktitle = "2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2015", publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", address = "United States", }
@inproceedings{71a0535753174dc58640fb7324db3b82, title = "Circularly Polarized Textile Tag Antenna for Wearable Passive UHF RFID Systems", abstract = "We present a circularly polarized tag antenna using textile materials for wearable passive ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) system. A corner-truncated square patch with a shorting pin and an inductive feed network are used to achieve circularly polarization and conjugate impedance matching. The antenna has similar best axial ratio values of 2.1 dB and 2.2 dB for both in air and on-body conditions, and desirable corresponding read range of 9.1 m and 8.4 m.", keywords = "Circularly polarized antenna, Radio frequency identification, Wearable antenna", author = "Ye Kuang and Shubin Ma and Leena Ukkonen and Johanna Virkki and Toni Bj{\"o}rninen", year = "2019", month = "3", day = "18", doi = "10.23919/ACESS.2018.8669314", language = "English", booktitle = "2018 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium in China, ACES-China 2018", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{c92a73ba85c842fe80bdc8abbcc6b313, title = "Comparison of Human Head Phantoms with Different Complexities for Implantable Antenna Development", abstract = "Human body phantom with electrical properties is widely used in electromagnetics solvers to model the lossy human tissue environment. The selection of the phantoms affects the computational efficiency and results accuracy. In this work, we evaluated four human head phantoms with an intracranial implantable antenna. Results of phantom complexity and antenna parameters are compared to provide the reference in phantom selection for implantable antenna development.", keywords = "anatomical head phantom, implantable antenna, multilayer head phantom", author = "Shubin Ma and Leena Ukkonen and Lauri Syd{\"a}nheimo and Toni Bj{\"o}rninen", year = "2019", month = "3", day = "18", doi = "10.23919/ACESS.2018.8669363", language = "English", isbn = "978-1-5386-7187-0", booktitle = "2018 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society (ACES) Symposium", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{ace887ea7c3d4cdebd6e274985bd8d60, title = "Composite nonlinear feedback control of a JIB trolley of a tower cranebehaviors", abstract = "Cranes are required to lift and carry loads swiftly to desired positions without causing excessive swaying motion of the load. These are conflicting requirements, which make feedback control of crane systems challenging. Furthermore, variations in rope length and load mass complicate controller design, since they significantly influence swaying dynamics. This paper considers automatic control of Quanser 3DOF tower crane system using composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) methodology. To be more specific, a CNF controller is designed for the jib trolley position of the crane using partial state measurements. The performance of the CNF controller is compared with Quanser's built-in linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller both in simulation and experimental setups. The results show that the CNF controller provides better load handling capability in terms of fast positioning of the jib trolley and damping of load swaying.", author = "Veli-Pekka Pyrh{\"o}nen and Vilkko, {Matti K.}", year = "2019", month = "6", day = "1", doi = "10.23919/ECC.2019.8796229", language = "English", pages = "1124--1129", booktitle = "2019 18th European Control Conference, ECC 2019", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{14c5d324b1c145a2a0d704783f5178dc, title = "Coupled dictionaries for exemplar-based speech enhancement and automatic speech recognition", abstract = "Exemplar-based speech enhancement systems work by decomposing the noisy speech as a weighted sum of speech and noise exemplars stored in a dictionary and use the resulting speech and noise estimates to obtain a time-varying filter in the full-resolution frequency domain to enhance the noisy speech. To obtain the decomposition, exemplars sampled in lower dimensional spaces are preferred over the full-resolution frequency domain for their reduced computational complexity and the ability to better generalize to unseen cases. But the resulting filter may be sub-optimal as the mapping of the obtained speech and noise estimates to the full-resolution frequency domain yields a low-rank approximation. This paper proposes an efficient way to directly compute the full-resolution frequency estimates of speech and noise using coupled dictionaries: an input dictionary containing atoms from the desired exemplar space to obtain the decomposition and a coupled output dictionary containing exemplars from the full-resolution frequency domain. We also introduce modulation spectrogram features for the exemplar-based tasks using this approach. The proposed system was evaluated for various choices of input exemplars and yielded improved speech enhancement performances on the AURORA-2 and AURORA-4 databases. We further show that the proposed approach also results in improved word error rates (WERs) for the speech recognition tasks using HMM-GMM and deep-neural network (DNN) based systems.", keywords = "Exemplar-based, Modulation envelope, Noise robust automatic speech recognition, Non-negative sparse coding", author = "Deepak Baby and Tuomas Virtanen and Gemmeke, {Jort F.} and {Van hamme}, Hugo", year = "2015", month = "11", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/TASLP.2015.2450491", language = "English", volume = "23", pages = "1788--1799", journal = "Ieee-Acm transactions on audio speech and language processing", issn = "2329-9290", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "11", }
@article{e687000694f34a8798909481499265eb, title = "Cysteine-tagged chimeric avidin forms high binding capacity layers directly on gold", abstract = "Cysteine-tagged, genetically engineered avidin named ChiAvd-Cys and wild-type avidin form monolayers or bilayer structures when immobilised directly on gold. Non-specific binding can be reduced by a post-treatment of the avidin layers with a N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]-acrylamide (pTHMMAA) polymer. ChiAvd-Cys showed excellent activity when immobilised on gold. About 70{\%} of the ChiAvd-Cys molecules were able to bind two biotinylated green fluorescent proteins (per avidin tetramer). Amino-biotinylated antibody F(ab′) 2 fragments could be bound to every 4th and 8th ChiAvd-Cys and wild-type avidin molecule, respectively, whereas on average one thiol-biotinylated antibody Fab′-fragment was bound to every ChiAvd-Cys. Antigen binding to the thiol-biotinylated Fab′-fragment bound to the ChiAvd-Cys/pTHMMAA layer was almost twice compared to that of the amino-biotinylated F(ab′) 2-fragments. The high antigen binding was due to a site-directed orientation of the thiol-biotinylated fragments. The ChiAvd-Cys/pTHMMAA layers offer high capacity that may be used to couple biotinylated compounds on biosensor surfaces.", keywords = "Avidin, Biotin, Cysteine tagged, Non-specific binding, Self-assembled monolayer", author = "Inger Vikholm-Lundin and Sanna Auer and Maija Paakkunainen and M{\"a}{\"a}tt{\"a}, {Juha A E} and Tony Munter and Jenni Leppiniemi and Hyt{\"o}nen, {Vesa P.} and Kirsi Tappura", year = "2012", month = "8", doi = "10.1016/j.snb.2012.05.008", language = "English", volume = "171-172", pages = "440--448", journal = "Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical", issn = "0925-4005", publisher = "Elsevier Science", }
@inproceedings{0545bea0593f45b9bcc09de7b3bf0f1a, title = "Dark solitons in nematic liquid crystals", abstract = "We demonstrate the formation of dark spatial solitons in nematic liquid crystals, with an azo-dye dopant providing the self-defocusing response. A collinear copolarized beam is used to probe the guiding properties of the soliton. NLO/ISOM/ODS", author = "A. Piccardi and A. Alberucci and G. Assanto and N. Tabiryan", year = "2011", doi = "10.1364/NLO.2011.NWE4", language = "English", isbn = "9781557529152", booktitle = "Optics InfoBase Conference Papers", }
@article{c2b9f32bee3b418c9ce9ba0994ef20e2, title = "Design and development of a novel passive wireless ultrasensitive RF temperature transducer for remote sensing", abstract = "A wireless, passive, and ultrasensitive temperature transducer is presented in this paper. The transducer consists of split ring resonators loaded with micro-bimorph cantilevers, which can potentially operate up to millimeter-wave frequencies (above 30 GHz). As the temperature changes, the bimorph cantilevers deflect and result in a shift of the resonant frequency of the split rings. A design is proposed, that has a maximum sensitivity of 2.62 GHz/μ m, in terms of frequency shift per deflection unit, corresponding to a sensitivity of 498 MHz/°C for an operating frequency around 30 GHz, i.e., a frequency shift of 1.6{\%} per °C. Theoretically, it's about two orders of magnitude higher than the existing sensors observed in the same class. This sensor design also offers a high Q factor and is ultra-compact, enabling easy fabrication and integration in micro-electromechanical systems technology. Depending on the choice of materials, the proposed designs can also be utilized in harsh environments. As a proof of concept, a prototype is implemented around 4.7 GHz which exhibits a frequency shift of 0.05{\%}/°C, i.e., 17 times more sensitive than the existing sensors.", keywords = "Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) cantilevers, passive remote sensing, radar cross section (RCS), radio frequency transducer, split ring resonators (SRRs), temperature sensor, wireless sensor", author = "Thai, {Trang T.} and Mehdi, {Jatlaoui M.} and Franck Chebila and Herv{\'e} Aubert and Patrick Pons and Dejean, {Gerald R.} and Tentzeris, {Manos M.} and Robert Plana", year = "2012", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2012.2201463", language = "English", volume = "12", pages = "2756--2766", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "9", }
@article{941c3131cb6b44b0af5196bae9d89e44, title = "Designing, Manufacturing and Testing of a Piezoelectric Polymer Film In-Sole Sensor for Plantar Pressure Distribution Measurements", abstract = "We have designed, manufactured, and tested a prototype of an in-sole plantar pressure sensor. The sensor is made of a piezoelectric polymer film (polyvinylidenefluoride, PVDF) with evaporated copper electrodes. The size and the location of measuring sites are carefully considered to produce a light-weighted, practical, and inexpensive matrix sensor for measurement of plantar pressure distribution. The sensor consists of eight measurement locations: hallux, first metatarsal head (under both sesamoid bones), metatarsal heads 2-5 and heel. The developed in-sole sensor was evaluated through piezoelectric sensitivity measurements and test measurements with subjects (used as a platform sensor). Average peak-to-peak pressures from 58 to 486 kPa were obtained in plantar pressure measurements. The in-sole sensor can be used to prevent pressure ulcers. Also other application areas for the sensor are available, e.g., rehabilitation and sports. The developed sensor enables unobtrusive and long-term plantar pressure measurements. In future, an option for manufacturing the PVDF in-soles may be printing of desired electrode pattern on PVDF material, that would allow fast production, and if needed, the production of even individual in-soles.", keywords = "diabetes, in-sole sensor, piezoelectric polymer PVDF, Plantar pressure", author = "Satu Rajala and Raisa Mattila and Ilkka Kaartinen and Jukka Lekkala", note = "INT=aut,{"}Mattila, Raisa{"}", year = "2017", month = "10", day = "15", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2017.2750241", language = "English", volume = "17", pages = "6798--6805", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "20", }
@article{3e6626f55c3a43c6a7be5d90a08562f3, title = "Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events: Outcome of the DCASE 2016 Challenge", abstract = "Public evaluation campaigns and datasets promote active development in target research areas, allowing direct comparison of algorithms. The second edition of the challenge on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE 2016) has offered such an opportunity for development of state-of-the-art methods, and succeeded in drawing together a large number of participants from academic and industrial backgrounds. In this paper, we report on the tasks and outcomes of the DCASE 2016 challenge. The challenge comprised four tasks: acoustic scene classification, sound event detection in synthetic audio, sound event detection in real-life audio, and domestic audio tagging. We present in detail each task and analyse the submitted systems in terms of design and performance. We observe the emergence of deep learning as the most popular classification method, replacing the traditional approaches based on Gaussian mixture models and support vector machines. By contrast, feature representations have not changed substantially throughout the years, as mel frequency-based representations predominate in all tasks. The datasets created for and used in DCASE 2016 are publicly available and are a valuable resource for further research.", keywords = "Acoustic scene classification, Acoustics, audio datasets, Event detection, Hidden Markov models, pattern recognition, sound event detection, Speech, Speech processing, Tagging", author = "Annamaria Mesaros and Toni Heittola and Emmanouil Benetos and Peter Foster and Mathieu Lagrange and Tuomas Virtanen and Plumbley, {Mark D.}", year = "2018", month = "2", doi = "10.1109/TASLP.2017.2778423", language = "English", volume = "26", pages = "379--393", journal = "Ieee-Acm transactions on audio speech and language processing", issn = "2329-9290", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "2", }
@article{f633cc82887b45bcb983913821b69dbd, title = "Detection of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) by displacement of antibodies", abstract = "A molecular layer with low non-specific binding enabling determination of low concentrations of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) by the displacement of antibodies has been developed. Antibody Fab′-fragments at various concentrations have been site-directly immobilised on gold and intercalated with a hydrophilic non-ionic polymer that reduces non-specific binding. Bovine serum albumin conjugated with MDMA and various concentrations of anti-MDMA antibodies were bound to the layer. The amount of conjugates and antibodies bound was dependent on the amount of Fab′-fragments in the layer. Antibodies were also bound to the conjugates physisorbed directly onto the gold surface and in mixtures with the polymer or with a lipoamide. A high displacement of antibodies was observed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) on interaction of MDMA with the different layers in buffer solution. No displacement could, however, be observed in saliva with the pure conjugate layer because of a high non-specific binding of proteins. When the conjugates were coupled to the surface through the antibody Fab-fragment/polymer layer, MDMA concentrations as low as 0.02 ng mL-1 (0.14 nM) could easily be detected in buffer. In diluted saliva the lowest limit of detection was 0.4 ng mL-1 enabling determination of drugs from saliva with a cut-off concentration of 2 ng mL-1. The molecular layer of antibody Fab′-fragments and polymer thus shows great potential for binding conjugates and antibodies that can be displaced on the interaction with very low concentrations of small-sized molecules. A low non-specific binding is guaranteed by the presence of the hydrophilic polymer.", keywords = "Antibody displacement, Drugs of abuse, Ecstasy, Immobilisation, MDMA, Surface plasmon resonance", author = "Inger Vikholm-Lundin and Sanna Auer and Hellgren, {Ann Charlotte}", year = "2011", month = "8", day = "10", doi = "10.1016/j.snb.2011.03.069", language = "English", volume = "156", pages = "28--34", journal = "Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical", issn = "0925-4005", publisher = "Elsevier Science", number = "1", }
@inproceedings{9e88a6ceccb74fa7897921500e356fc7, title = "Detection of KC1 and KOH using collinear photofragmentation and atomic absorption spectroscopy", author = "T. Sorvajarvi and J. Rossi and J. Toivonen", year = "2013", language = "English", isbn = "9781479905942", booktitle = "The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO_Europe 2013", }
@inproceedings{b1ad07978ae9437080b27d58805f4174, title = "Developing curiosity and multimedia skills with programming experiments", abstract = "Browsers have become the most common communication channel. We spend hours using them to get news and communicate with friends, far more time than communicating face-to face. WWW-based communication and content-creation for www will be the most common job in future work life for students specializing in software engineering. We expect our screens to be colorful and animated, thus students should understand technologies, which are used for e.g. for painting jumping Mario to screen. But massive flow of new software engineering ideas, technologies and frameworks which appear in all-increasing temp tend to make students passive receivers of descriptions of new menus and commands without giving them any possibility to investigate and understand, what is behind these menus and commands, killing their natural curiosity. There should be time to experiment, compare formats, technologies and investigate their relations. In the presentation are described experiments used for investigating, how different formats for describing animation in HTML5 document influence animation rendering speed.", author = "J. Henno and H. Jaakkola and J. M{\"a}kel{\"a}", year = "2017", month = "7", day = "10", doi = "10.23919/MIPRO.2017.7973512", language = "English", pages = "694--699", booktitle = "2017 40th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics, MIPRO 2017 - Proceedings", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{28027982ce594314b1b48e90323b3557, title = "Development of a constant dilution sampling system for particulate and gaseous pollutant measurements", abstract = "This paper presents a new concept of a partial flow sampling system (PFSS), involving a two-stage diluter which operates on the principle of underpressure, while exhaust is sampled through a capillary. Due to the low flowrate through the capillary, the diluter may be sampling from a freely exhausting tailpipe and is not prone to pressure variations in the exhaust line. In addition, the PFSS operates at constant pressure conditions even upstream of diesel particle filters that increase the backpressure in the tailpipe. As a result, the PFSS offers a constant dilution ratio (DR) over any engine or vehicle operation condition. This study presents the diluter concept and a straightforward model developed to calculate the DR, depending on the dilution air flowrate and the diluter underpressure. The model is validated using CO2 as a trace gas, and very good agreement is demonstrated between the calculated and the measured DR values. Following validation, the PFSS is combined with aerosol measurement instruments to measure the exhaust particle concentration of a diesel engine operating at different steady-state modes. For demonstrating the stability of the DR and applicability of the PFSS, measurements are conducted with both heavy duty and light duty diesel exhaust gases. Future applications of this device include gas and particle exhaust measurements both in laboratory environments and on-board vehicles.", author = "T. Tzamkiozis and L. Ntziachristos and S. Amanatidis and V. Niemel{\"a} and A. Ukkonen and Z. Samaras", year = "2013", month = "8", doi = "10.1088/0957-0233/24/8/085801", language = "English", volume = "24", journal = "Measurement Science and Technology", issn = "0957-0233", publisher = "IOP Publishing", number = "8", }
@article{0a78cb68489c4bd388545aa96ea4d9bb, title = "Development of Low Cost, Wireless, Inkjet Printed Microfluidic RF Systems and Devices for Sensing or Tunable Electronics", abstract = "In this paper, a review of recent improvements on inkjet-printed microfluidic-based tunable/sensing RF systems is reported. The devices, such as Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) passive wireless tags, coplanar patch antennas, bandstop filters, and loop antennas, are all fabricated by combining the inkjet printing technology on photographic paper for metallization and bonding layers, and laser etching for cavities and channels manufacturing. A novelty is also introduced for the loop antennas where the photographic paper is replaced with a polymer based substrate [i.e., (Poly(methyl-methacrylate))], to reduce the substrate losses for the RF part and solve the issue of paper hydrophylia. Along this paper an evolution toward higher working frequencies and higher detecting performance is shown, demonstrating a sensitivity up to 0.5{\%}/εr with at most 6 μL of liquid in the channel.", keywords = "Inkjet Printing, Microfluidics, RFID, Sensors, Tag, Tunable Electronics", author = "Chiara Mariotti and Wenjing Su and Cook, {Benjamin S.} and Luca Roselli and Tentzeris, {Manos M.}", year = "2015", month = "6", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2014.2374874", language = "English", volume = "15", pages = "3156--3163", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "6", }
@inproceedings{1838302a3e954764b76af2a0d6220f9b, title = "Dilute nitride SOAs for high-speed data processing in variable temperature conditions", abstract = "We present the first experimental study of a Dilute Nitride SOA with high-speed gain dynamics and attractive thermal characteristics as a data processing element at 10Gb/s and at different operating temperatures.", author = "G. Giannoulis and Korpij{\"a}rvi, {V. M.} and N. Iliadis and J. M{\"a}kel{\"a} and J. Viheri{\"a}l{\"a} and D. Apostolopoulos and M. Guina and H. Avramopoulos", year = "2015", month = "3", day = "13", language = "English", isbn = "9781557529374", booktitle = "Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OFC 2015", publisher = "OSA - The Optical Society", }
@inproceedings{db116cbd570d4c0199efc99ff9629cd2, title = "Directional selectivity through the subwavelength slit in metallic gratings", abstract = "An approach for obtaining strong directional selectivity through a single subwavelength slit in non-symmetric metallic gratings is shown theoretically and experimentally. Directionality effect originates from the different resonance frequencies of two interfaces.", author = "Semih Cakmakyapan and Humeyra Caglayan and Andriy Serebryannikov and Ekmel Ozbay", year = "2011", doi = "10.1364/CLEO_AT.2011.JTuI67", language = "English", isbn = "9781557529107", booktitle = "CLEO: Applications and Technology", }
@inproceedings{ec31e06d5efc4588a8432b65d8b4cebd, title = "Directional selectivity through the subwavelength slit in metallic gratings", abstract = "An approach for obtaining strong directional selectivity through a single subwavelength slit in non-symmetric metallic gratings is shown theoretically and experimentally. Directionality effect originates from the different resonance frequencies of two interfaces.", author = "Semih Cakmakyapan and Humeyra Caglayan and Andriy Serebryannikov and Ekmel Ozbay", note = "EXT={"}Caglayan, Humeyra{"}", year = "2011", doi = "10.1364/CLEO_AT.2011.JTuI67", language = "English", isbn = "9781557529107", booktitle = "CLEO: Science and Innovations 2011", }
@inproceedings{f34a62d278e6497e95888ccc53edac63, title = "Directional selectivity through the subwavelength slit in metallic gratings", abstract = "An approach for obtaining strong directional selectivity through a single subwavelength slit in non-symmetric metallic gratings is shown theoretically and experimentally. Directionality effect originates from the different resonance frequencies of two interfaces.", author = "Semih Cakmakyapan and Humeyra Caglayan and Andriy Serebryannikov and Ekmel Ozbay", note = "EXT={"}Caglayan, Humeyra{"}", year = "2011", doi = "10.1364/CLEO_AT.2011.JTuI67", language = "English", isbn = "9781557529107", booktitle = "Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, QELS 2011", }
@inproceedings{791fa546dd974105a8edac0bc8473af3, title = "Double-side pumped membrane external-cavity surface-emitting laser (MECSEL) with increased efficiency emitting > 3 W in the 780 nm region", abstract = "We demonstrate a double-side pumped MECSEL emitting more than 3 W of output power in the 780 nm wavelength region. The laser exhibits an efficiency as high as 34.4 {\%}.", author = "Hermann Kahle and Hoy-My Phung and Jussi-Pekka Penttinen and Patrik Rajala and Antti Tukiainen and Sanna Ranta and Mircea Guina", note = "INT=phys,{"}Rajala, Patrik{"}", year = "2019", month = "5", day = "1", doi = "10.23919/CLEO.2019.8749958", language = "English", booktitle = "2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2019 - Proceedings", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{b8d71843b657420fa84cc053a84505a2, title = "Electromagnetism and cross-disciplinary problems", abstract = "Electromagnetic theory is a model of the electromagnetic phenomenon. As is well known, the model can be expressed in many different ways. All the formulations are, however, concretizations of the same so-called 'abstract general' of electromagnetism. In this paper we consider the Maxwell house as this abstract general. The motivation for this is, an increasing amount of progress in engineering science takes place on the interfaces between different fields. Cross-disciplinary results are best achieved by formalizing first the logical reasoning behind electromagnetism, as this then results in an unambiguous basis for cross-disciplinary communication.", author = "Lauri Kettunen and Tuomas Kovanen", year = "2016", month = "9", day = "19", doi = "10.1109/URSI-EMTS.2016.7571436", language = "English", pages = "500--501", booktitle = "2016 URSI International Symposium on Electromagnetic Theory, EMTS 2016", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{2834e825a2434f67ab2b32849cd53aab, title = "Energy Detection-Based Spectrum Sensing over Fisher-Snedecor F Fading Channels", abstract = "This paper investigates the performance of energy detection-based spectrum sensing over Fisher-Snedecor F fading channels. To this end, an analytical expression for the corre- sponding average detection probability is firstly derived and then this is extended to account for collaborative spectrum sensing. The complementary receiver operating characteristics (ROC) are analyzed for different conditions of the average signal-to- noise ratio (SNR), time-bandwidth product, multipath fading, shadowing and number of collaborating users. It is shown that the energy detection performance is strongly linked to the severity of the multipath fading and amount of shadowing, whereby even small variations in either of these physical phenomena significantly impact the detection probability. Also, the versatile modeling capability of the Fisher-Snedecor F distribution is veridfied in the context of energy detection based spectrum sensing as it provides considerably more accurate characterization than the conventional Rayleigh fading model. To confirm the validity of the analytical results presented in this paper, we compare them with the results of some simulations.", author = "Yoo, {Seong Ki} and Cotton, {Simon L.} and Sofotasios, {Paschalis C.} and Sami Muhaidat and Badarneh, {Osamah S.} and Karagiannidis, {George K.}", year = "2019", month = "2", day = "20", doi = "10.1109/GLOCOM.2018.8647778", language = "English", booktitle = "2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{8db1e571356c48a09c84b77ce29b8d3e, title = "Environmental monitoring with distributed mesh networks: An overview and practical implementation perspective for urban scenario", abstract = "Almost inevitable climate change and increasing pollution levels around the world are the most significant drivers for the environmental monitoring evolution. Recent activities in the field of wireless sensor networks have made tremendous progress concerning conventional centralized sensor networks known for decades. However, most systems developed today still face challenges while estimating the trade-off between their flexibility and security. In this work, we provide an overview of the environmental monitoring strategies and applications. We conclude that wireless sensor networks of tomorrow would mostly have a distributed nature. Furthermore, we present the results of the developed secure distributed monitoring framework from both hardware and software perspectives. The developed mechanisms provide an ability for sensors to communicate in both infrastructure and mesh modes. The system allows each sensor node to act as a relay, which increases the system failure resistance and improves the scalability. Moreover, we employ an authentication mechanism to ensure the transparent migration of the nodes between different network segments while maintaining a high level of system security. Finally, we report on the real-life deployment results.", keywords = "Authentication mechanism, Distributed systems, Environmental monitoring, Security, Wireless sensor network", author = "Aleksandr Ometov and Sergey Bezzateev and Natalia Voloshina and Pavel Masek and Mikhail Komarov", note = "EXT={"}Komarov, Mikhail{"}", year = "2019", month = "12", day = "2", doi = "10.3390/s19245548", language = "English", volume = "19", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "24", }
@inproceedings{68d063ea35704239a4c3d52c99e1ac33, title = "Error analysis of NOMA-based user cooperation with SWIPT", abstract = "The present contribution analyzes the performance of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-based user cooperation with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). In particular, we consider a two-user NOMA-based cooperative SWIPT scenario, in which the near user acts as a SWIPT-enabled relay that assists the farthest user. In this context, we derive analytic expressions for the pairwise error probability (PEP) of both users assuming the both amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relay protocols. The derived expressions are expressed in closed-form and have a tractable algebraic representation which renders them convenient to handle both analytically and numerically. In addition to this, we derive a simple asymptotic closed-form expression for the PEP in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime which provide useful insights on the impact of the involved parameters on the overall system performance. Capitalizing on this, we subsequently quantify the maximum achievable diversity order of both users. It is shown that numerical and simulation results corroborate the derived analytic expressions. Furthermore, the offered results provide interesting insights into the error rate performance of each user, which are expected to be useful in future designs and deployments of NOMA based SWIPT systems.", keywords = "NOMA, Wireless Power Transfer", author = "Suyue Li and Lina Bariah and Sami Muhaidat and Paschalis Sofotasios and Jie Liang and Anhong Wang", year = "2019", month = "5", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/DCOSS.2019.00098", language = "English", pages = "507--513", booktitle = "Proceedings - 15th Annual International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, DCOSS 2019", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{06e867e38d0d4e18b0b2b7c4349c8548, title = "Evaluating transparent liquid screen overlay as a haptic conductor: Method of enhancing touchscreen based user interaction by a transparent deformable liquid screen overlay", abstract = "In line with our previous work, this research focuses on a method for attenuating acoustic components (noise) while providing enhanced vibrotactile feedback signals on mobile devices using, deformable touchscreen overlays. Traditional mechanism of providing tactile feedback to the fingertip via a flat rigid touchscreen is limited due to the dampening of the mechanoreceptors which are sensitive to static deformation and lie at the tips of the intermediate ridges in the epidermal-dermal junction. This tactile mechanism becomes useless when the fingertip acts against a ridged surface (chemically strengthened alkali-aluminosilicate glass). Furthermore, the actuation provided by most devices is indirect with little or no mediation mechanism, which results in filtering various signal frequencies, loss of signal intensity as well as creating acoustic noise. The resulting haptic signal is considerably inefficient and incongruent to the applied signal, which was designed to stimulate user skin contact. To resolve these issues we developed a unique transparent screen overlay conductor which contains an oil based composition (a low viscosity inert nonconductive liquid), that acts as a soft deformable interaction point, enhancing the ratio between tactile signals and the acoustic components, provided by haptic actuators. Using surface mounted and embedded actuators to the overlay, while being attached to an ExoPC Slate, we measured haptic signal to noise correlation, as well as signal efficiency and strength over multiple frequencies and concluded that the haptic conductor was able to limit auditory noise and mediate tactile signals more efficiently than traditional rigid glass based surfaces.", keywords = "haptic signal mediation, haptics user interface, Liquid transparent screen overlay, piezoelectric and voice coil actuators, vibrotactile mechano-transduction", author = "A. Farooq and G. Evreinov and R. Raisamo and D. Takahata", year = "2015", month = "12", day = "31", doi = "10.1109/ICSENS.2015.7370186", language = "English", booktitle = "2015 IEEE SENSORS - Proceedings", publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", address = "United States", }
@article{4d196f34504545b0a48183aff4da653a, title = "Evaluation of dry electrodes in canine heart rate monitoring", abstract = "The functionality of three dry electrocardiogram electrode constructions was evaluated by measuring canine heart rate during four different behaviors: Standing, sitting, lying and walking. The testing was repeated (n = 9) in each of the 36 scenarios with three dogs. Two of the electrodes were constructed with spring-loaded test pins while the third electrode was a molded polymer electrode with Ag/AgCl coating. During the measurement, a specifically designed harness was used to attach the electrodes to the dogs. The performance of the electrodes was evaluated and compared in terms of heartbeat detection coverage. The effect on the respective heart rate coverage was studied by computing the heart rate coverage from the measured electrocardiogram signal using a pattern-matching algorithm to extract the R-peaks and further the beat-to-beat heart rate. The results show that the overall coverage ratios regarding the electrodes varied between 45-95{\%} in four different activity modes. The lowest coverage was for lying and walking and the highest was for standing and sitting.", keywords = "Dry electrode, Heart rate canine", author = "Juhani Virtanen and Sanni Somppi and Heini T{\"o}rnqvist and Vala Jeyhani and Patrique Fiedler and Yulia Gizatdinova and P{\"a}ivi Majaranta and Heli V{\"a}{\"a}t{\"a}j{\"a} and Card{\'o}, {Anna Valldeoriola} and Jukka Lekkala and Sampo Tuukkanen and Veikko Surakka and Outi Vainio and Antti Vehkaoja", year = "2018", month = "6", day = "1", doi = "10.3390/s18061757", language = "English", volume = "18", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "6", }
@inproceedings{55be2b58117b41989bfd24515bc3be3f, title = "Exploiting the Momentary Dependence of Radar Observations for Non-Cooperative Target Recognition", abstract = "Multiple radar sensors can be used in collaboration to detect targets in an area of surveillance. In this paper, we consider a case, in which a target is detected by a network of radars producing multiple observations of the radar signature of the target during a short time window. Given that this time window is sufficiently narrow, the observations have a dependence between them momentarily related to the change in the orientation of the target. We propose the fusion of these interdependent observations to aid target identification by forming a joint multi-dimensional histogram of the radar cross section (RCS). In addition, we investigate the criteria for windowing the observations to ensure adequate interdependence. We present a case study to demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to distinguish between different targets using the measured RCS collected by a multi-radar surveillance system. Based on the experiment, we analyze the criteria for the dynamic windowing and discuss the computational requirements of the proposed concept.", author = "Minna V{\"a}il{\"a} and Juha Jylh{\"a} and Marja Ruotsalainen and Henna Per{\"a}l{\"a}", year = "2019", month = "7", day = "1", language = "English", booktitle = "FUSION 2019 - 22nd International Conference on Information Fusion", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{e45b15aec7c24603bc8a06d0bdca5d25, title = "Fabrication and reliability evaluation of passive UHF RFID T-shirts", abstract = "In this paper, we present textile antennas fabricated for T-shirt RFID applications by cutting from commercially available electro-textile, by sewing with conductive thread, and by 3D printing with stretchable silver ink on a 100 {\%} cotton fabric. The ready tags with attached ICs are coated with a protective stretchable encapsulant. The wireless performance of the T-shirt tags is evaluated initially as well as after seven washing cycles, followed by nine washing-drying cycles in a household washing and drying machines. The initial read ranges of all kinds of tags, when measured on-body, are around 3.5 meters. Based on the reliability testing results, the coating effectively protects the components from cyclic washing and drying.", keywords = "3D Printing, electro-textiles, embroidery, passive UHF RFID, T-shirts, textiles, washing, wearable electronics", author = "X. Chen and H. He and L. Ukkonen and J. Virkki and Y. Lu and H. Lam", note = "jufoid=79362", year = "2018", month = "6", day = "8", doi = "10.1109/IWAT.2018.8379146", language = "English", pages = "1--4", booktitle = "2018 IEEE International Workshop on Antenna Technology, iWAT2018 - Proceedings", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{01393727416f4129bb3849a6f7de90b1, title = "Fluid Transmission Line Modeling Using a Variational Method", abstract = "A variational method is used to derive numerical models for transient flow simulation in fluid transmission lines. These are generalizations of models derived using the more traditional modal method. Three different transient compressible laminar pipe flow models are considered (inviscous, one-dimensional linear viscous, and two-dimensional dissipative viscous flow), and a model for transient turbulent pipe flow is given. The (model) equations in the laminar case are given in the form of a set of constant coefficient ordinary differential equations, and for the turbulent case (model) in the form of a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Explicit equations are given for various end conditions. Attenuation factors, similar to the window functions used in spectral analysis, are used to attenuate Gibbs phenomenon oscillations.", author = "Jari M{\"a}kinen and Robert Pich{\'e} and Asko Ellman", note = "Contribution: organisation=mat,FACT1=1", year = "2000", month = "3", language = "English", volume = "122", pages = "153--162", journal = "Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement and Control: Transactions of the ASME", issn = "0022-0434", publisher = "American Society of Mechanical Engineers", number = "1", }
@article{a99069b0fd1945e59bcf0b0c6630a633, title = "Fluorimetric oxygen sensor with an efficient optical read-out for in vitro cell models", abstract = "This paper presents a phase fluorimetric sensor for the monitoring of the oxygen concentration in in vitro cell models. The sensing surface of the sensor consists of oxygen sensitive fluorescent dyes (platinum(II) octaethylporphyrinketone) embedded in a thin polystyrene film. In order to optimize the optical read-out scheme of the sensor, we carried out electromagnetic simulations of a fluorescently doped polystyrene film deposited on a glass-water interface. The simulation results showed highly anisotropic angular emission distribution with the maximum irradiance being at super critical angles, which attracts tailored optical designs to maximize the fluorescence collection efficiency. For this purpose, we applied an efficient optical read-out scheme based on an in-contact parabolic lens. The use of parabolic lens also facilitates confocal total internal reflection excitation from the substrate side. This makes the excitation effective and insensitive to biofouling or other optical changes in the sensing surface and, more importantly, greatly reduces the amount of excitation power radiated into the cell culture chamber. Experimental results show that when applied together with phase fluorimetric lifetime sensing, this optical scheme allows one to use thin films (", keywords = "Cardiac cells, Enhanced optical read-out, Fluorimetric oxygen sensor, in vitro cell models, PtOEPK, Thin film fluorescence", author = "Hannu V{\"a}lim{\"a}ki and Jarmo Verho and Joose Kreutzer and {Kattipparambil Rajan}, Dhanesh and Tomi Ryyn{\"a}nen and Mari Pekkanen-Mattila and Antti Ahola and Kirsi Tappura and Pasi Kallio and Jukka Lekkala", year = "2017", month = "10", day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.snb.2017.04.182", language = "English", volume = "249", pages = "738--746", journal = "Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical", issn = "0925-4005", publisher = "Elsevier Science", }
@inproceedings{154acf7d70094a69aaeac58264dc05f8, title = "Frequency Comb Generation in a Continuous-Wave Pumped Second-Order Nonlinear Waveguide Resonator", abstract = "Optical frequency comb generation has been experimentally studied using an integrated system based on a lithium niobate waveguide resonator featuring a strong quadratic nonlinearity. Our theoretical model shows good agreement with the experimental results.", author = "Zeina Abdallah and Michael Stefszky and Ville Ulvila and Christine Silberhorn and Markku Vainio", year = "2019", month = "5", day = "1", doi = "10.23919/CLEO.2019.8750403", language = "English", booktitle = "2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2019 - Proceedings", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{e3d2d2b3bca24cfe80a7b9857383a120, title = "Frequency domain penetration loss in the terahertz band", abstract = "Results on penetration loss measurements in the THz frequencies between 0.1-2 THz are reported. The measurements were conducted with time domain spectroscopy using the TeraView TeraPulse 4000 measurement equipment. We concentrate on the frequency-dependent penetration characteristics of various materials typical for indoor environments, providing both qualitative and quantitative assessment. The results show that the lower end of the THz band (<0.5 THz) suffers only modest loss in comparison to the higher frequencies. For the materials considered in this paper, plastic, glass and hard-board, the exact penetration properties are both frequency- and material-dependent. The incident angle to the material increases the penetration loss through increased path length inside the material. The exact values of these losses are provided.", author = "Joonas Kokkoniemi and Janne Lehtom{\"a}ki and Vitaly Petrov and Dmitri Moltchanov and Markku Juntti", year = "2016", month = "6", day = "27", doi = "10.1109/GSMM.2016.7500309", language = "English", booktitle = "2016 Global Symposium on Millimeter Waves (GSMM) & ESA Workshop on Millimetre-Wave Technology and Applications", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{b2e94d5dac924eefb675b1d0cbec8f43, title = "Highly directive radiation and negative refraction using photonic crystals", abstract = "In this article, we present an experimental and numerical study of certain optical properties of two-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals (PCs). By modifying the band structure of a two-dimensional photonic crystal through its crystal parameters, we show how it is possible to confine the angular distribution of radiation from an embedded omnidirectional source. We then demonstrate that the anomalous band dispersions of PCs give rise to completely novel optical phenomena, in particular, the negative refraction of electromagnetic waves at the interface of a PC. We investigate the spectral negative refraction, which utilizes a transverse magnetic (TM)-polarized upper band of a PC, in detail and show that a high degree of isotropy can be achieved for the corresponding effective index of refraction. The presence of nearly a isotropic negative refractive index leads to focusing of omnidirectional sources by a PC slab lens, which can surpass certain limitations of conventional (positive refractive) lenses. These examples indicate the potential of PCs for photonics applications utilizing the band structure.", author = "E. Ozbay and I. Bulu and K. Aydin and H. Caglayan and Alici, {K. B.} and K. Guven", note = "EXT={"}Caglayan, H.{"}", year = "2005", month = "2", language = "English", volume = "15", pages = "217--224", journal = "Laser Physics", issn = "1054-660X", publisher = "MAIK Nauka/Interperiodica", number = "2", }
@article{6a5b5b31d9664a1cafc0cc418c989064, title = "High performance corrosion resistant coatings by novel coaxial cold- and hot-wire laser cladding methods", abstract = "In the last few years, coaxial laser heads have been developed with centric wire feeding equipment, which enables the laser processing of complex-shaped objects in various applications. These newly developed laser heads are being used particularly in laser brazing experiments in the automotive industry. This study presents experimental results of using a coaxial laser head for cold- and hot-wire cladding application. The coaxial wire cladding method has significant improvements compared with the off-axis wire cladding method such as independence of the travel direction, alignment of the wire to the laser beam, and a reduced number of controlling parameters. These features are important to achieve high quality coatings. Cladding tests were conducted on mild steel with a coaxial laser wire welding head using Ni-based Inconel 625 and Thermanit 2509 super duplex stainless steel solid wires in order to determine the properties of the cladding process and the coatings deposited. The corrosion resistance of the obtained coatings was examined by long-term acetic acid salt spray (AASS) and electrochemical critical pitting temperature tests. The test results showed that by using the coaxial wire cladding method, defect-free high quality and corrosion resistant Inconel 625 and super duplex stainless steel coatings with low dilution were achieved. The average pitting temperature for Thermanit 2509 duplex coating was 75 °C in 1M NaCl solution, which was comparable to wrought 2507 duplex stainless steel. Low diluted Inconel 625 coating survived the AASS test for 2000 h without signs of corrosion.", keywords = "coaxial wire feed, hot-wire laser cladding, Inconel 625, super duplex stainless steel", author = "H. Pajukoski and J. N{\"a}kki and S. Thieme and J. Tuominen and S. Nowotny and P. Vuoristo", note = "AUX=mol,{"}Pajukoski, H.{"}", year = "2016", doi = "10.2351/1.4936988", language = "English", volume = "28", journal = "Journal of Laser Applications", issn = "1042-346X", publisher = "Laser Institute of America", number = "1", }
@inproceedings{b6447f014177440e886aa150ebbda79d, title = "High power fiber lasers", abstract = "Over 1 kW of output power has now been reached with nearly diffraction-limited ytterbium-doped fiber lasers. Amplifiers can reach comparable powers, even with single-frequency beams. We review these and other recent results and discuss the possibilities for further progress.", author = "J. Nilsson and Sahu, {J. K.} and Y. Jeong and Filippov, {V. N.} and Soh, {D. B S} and Codemard, {C. A.} and P. Dupriez and J. Kim and Richardson, {D. J.} and A. Malinowski and Piper, {A. N.} and Price, {J. H V} and K. Furusawa and Clarkson, {W. A.} and Payne, {D. N.}", year = "2006", language = "English", isbn = "1557528020", booktitle = "Optics InfoBase Conference Papers", publisher = "Optical Society of America", }
@inproceedings{554a670b0268477095321a16844e2d65, title = "High-Q resonance train in a plasmonic metasurface", abstract = "We experimentally demonstrate a plasmonic surface that supports a series of high-quality-factor (Q ≈ 100) surface lattice resonances. These resonances are enabled by tuning the thickness of the top-cladding layer to confine higher order diffraction-orders.", author = "Md Saad-Bin-Alam and Orad Reshef and Huttunen, {Mikko J.} and Graham Carlow and Brian Sullivan and Menard, {Jean Michel} and Ksenia Dolgaleva and Boyd, {Robert W.}", year = "2019", month = "5", day = "1", doi = "10.23919/CLEO.2019.8750206", language = "English", booktitle = "2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2019 - Proceedings", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{4c6635bdea564925b96b4b0fc0d7036c, title = "Humidity passive sensors based on UHF RFID using cork dielectric slabs", abstract = "In this paper we show the design of passive UHF RFID tag antenna on cork substrate. Due to the cork sensitivity to humidity changes, we can use the developed sensor to sense changes in the relative humidity of the environment, without the need for batteries. The antenna is built using inkjet printing technology, which allows a good accuracy of the design manufacturing. The sensor proved usable for humidity changes detection with a variation of threshold power from 11 to 15 dB between 60 and near 100{\%} humidity levels. Presenting, therefore, reading ranges between 3 to 5 meters.", keywords = "cork substrate, humidity sensor, RFID", author = "Ricardo Goncalves and Pedro Pinho and Carvalho, {Nuno Borges} and Tentzeris, {Manos M.}", year = "2015", month = "8", day = "27", language = "English", booktitle = "2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2015", publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", address = "United States", }
@inproceedings{16011f5d593b4952b4d753b7ea524c30, title = "Impact of Different Concrete Types on Radio Propagation: Fundamentals and Practical RF Measurements", abstract = "By the 1960's, European countries faced a massive housing shortage due to changes in social structure and migration from rural areas to towns. This led to a rapid growth of suburban areas in the 1960's and 1970's. Concrete, as a building material became popular as the prefabrication techniques of precast concrete structures developed rapidly during this era, and these trends continue even today. In the near future, the number of frequency bands used by mobile wireless communication systems will increase and, in general, the trend is towards higher frequencies. This paper presents the results of measurements in which the RF attenuations of several different concrete types were determined on the basis of the permittivity of the material samples. The frequency ranges used in the measurements were 4.5 to 19 GHz and 26 to 40 GHz. In particular, at higher frequencies, the attenuation of various concrete grades is very different, and the level of RF attenuation of the outer wall cannot be predicted without knowing the age of the building and the concrete quality used in the element.", keywords = "energy-efficient buildings, outdoor-To-indoor propagation, penetration loss, plastering net, Radiowave propagation, RF measurements", author = "Ari Asp and Tuomo Hentil{\"a} and Mikko Valkama and Jussa Pikkuvirta and Arto Hujanen and Ismo Huhtinen", note = "INT=ceng,{"}Pikkuvirta, Jussa{"}", year = "2019", month = "6", day = "1", doi = "10.23919/SpliTech.2019.8783022", language = "English", editor = "Rodrigues, {Joel J.P.C.} and Petar Solic and Toni Perkovic and Katarina Vukojevic and Rodrigues, {Joel J.P.C.} and Luigi Patrono and Sandro Nizetic", booktitle = "2019 4th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies, SpliTech 2019", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{6ba37d3b63bd4165a39c5666328b808a, title = "Improved Session Continuity in 5G NR with Joint Use of Multi-Connectivity and Guard Bandwidth", abstract = "The intermittent millimeter-wave radio links as a result of human-body blockage are an inherent feature of the 5G New Radio (NR) technology by 3GPP. To improve session continuity in these emerging systems, two mechanisms have recently been proposed, namely, multi-connectivity and guard bandwidth. The former allows to establish multiple spatially-diverse connections and switch between them dynamically, while the latter reserves a fraction of system bandwidth for sessions changing their state from non-blocked to blocked, which ensures that the ongoing sessions have priority over the new ones. In this paper, we assess the joint performance of these two schemes for the user- and system-centric metrics of interest. Our numerical results reveal that the multi-connectivity operation alone may not suffice to increase the ongoing session drop probability considerably. On the other hand, the use of guard bandwidth significantly improves session continuity by somewhat compromising new session drop probability and system resource utilization. Surprisingly, the 5G NR system implementing both these techniques inherits their drawbacks. However, complementing it with an initial AP selection procedure effectively alleviates these limitations by maximizing the system resource utilization, while still providing sufficient flexibility to enable the desired trade-off between new and ongoing session drop probabilities.", author = "Roman Kovalchukov and Dmitri Moltchanov and Vyacheslav Begishev and Andrey Samuylov and Sergey Andreev and Yevgeni Koucheryavy and Konstantin Samouylov", year = "2019", month = "2", day = "20", doi = "10.1109/GLOCOM.2018.8647608", language = "English", booktitle = "2018 IEEE Global Communications Conference, GLOBECOM 2018", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{ee792ff6389842419aac21e935c23b71, title = "Improving reliability for classification of metallic objects using a WTMD portal", abstract = "In this paper, a walk-through metal detection (WTMD) portal is used for classification of metallic objects. The classification is based on the inversion of the magnetic polarisability tensor (tensor) of the object. The nature of bias and noise components in the tensor are examined by using real walk-through data, and consequently, a novel classifier is introduced. Furthermore, a novel method for detecting poorly inverted tensors is presented, enabling self-diagnostics for the WTMD portal. Based on the results, the novel methods increase the accuracy of metal object classification and have the potential to improve the reliability of a WTMD system.", keywords = "bias, classification, eigenvalues, electromagnetic polarisability, noise, tensor, WTMD", author = "J. Makkonen and Marsh, {L. A.} and J. Vihonen and A. J{\"a}rvi and Armitage, {D. W.} and A. Visa and Peyton, {A. J.}", year = "2015", month = "8", day = "26", doi = "10.1088/0957-0233/26/10/105103", language = "English", volume = "26", journal = "Measurement Science and Technology", issn = "0957-0233", publisher = "IOP Publishing", number = "10", }
@inproceedings{4cca3475041d412eaac5265637376b65, title = "Incorporating Aircraft Kinematics and Radar Cross Section into the Performance Prediction of Air Surveillance", abstract = "The evolution of modern radar is heading toward a networked, multifunctional, adaptive, and cognitive system. The network of software-controllable fast-adapting radars follows a highly complex control and operation logic. It is not straightforward to assess its instantaneous capability to detect, track, and recognize targets. To be able to predict or optimize the system performance, one has to understand its behavior not only on a general level, but also in various operating conditions and considering the target behavior and properties accurately. In this paper, we propose the fusion of radar and tracker recordings with an extensive database of cooperative aircraft navigation recordings and radar cross section data to assess and learn the performance measures for the air surveillance. The main contribution of this paper is the incorporation of the aircraft kinematics, orientation, and radar cross section into an automated measurement-based analysis. We consider the employment of the measurement-based metrics and machine learning in the performance prediction. Simulations and experiments with real-life data demonstrate the feasibility and potential of the proposed concept.", keywords = "artificial intelligence, machine learning, radar, radar cross sections, system analysis and design, systems modeling", author = "Juha Jylh{\"a} and Marja Ruotsalainen and Minna V{\"a}il{\"a} and Henna Per{\"a}l{\"a}", year = "2019", month = "7", day = "1", language = "English", booktitle = "FUSION 2019 - 22nd International Conference on Information Fusion", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{e5f7a58663a448c18c16efe6ed5e33af, title = "Inertial Odometry on Handheld Smartphones", abstract = "Building a complete inertial navigation system using the limited quality data provided by current smartphones has been regarded challenging, if not impossible. This paper shows that by careful crafting and accounting for the weak information in the sensor samples, smartphones are capable of pure inertial navigation. We present a probabilistic approach for orientation and use-case free inertial odometry, which is based on double-integrating rotated accelerations. The strength of the model is in learning additive and multiplicative IMU biases online. We are able to track the phone position, velocity, and pose in realtime and in a computationally lightweight fashion by solving the inference with an extended Kalman filter. The information fusion is completed with zero-velocity updates (if the phone remains stationary), altitude correction from barometric pressure readings (if available), and pseudo-updates constraining the momentary speed. We demonstrate our approach using an iPad and iPhone in several indoor dead-reckoning applications and in a measurement tool setup.", author = "Arno Solin and Santiago Cortes and Esa Rahtu and Juho Kannala", year = "2018", month = "9", day = "5", doi = "10.23919/ICIF.2018.8455482", language = "English", isbn = "9780996452762", pages = "1361--1368", booktitle = "2018 21st International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2018", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{0d688c1237214951917087a9f7c863f3, title = "Inertial Sensor-Based State Estimation of Flexible Links Subject to Bending and Torsion", abstract = "In this study, we propose an observer design based on inertial sensors and the finite element (FE) method to estimate the flexural states of a long-reach and highly flexible manipulator in a 3D plane of motion. Vertical and lateral dynamic bendings are considered, along with deformation due to torsion. The aim is to achieve accurate end-point positioning by using the estimated flexural degrees-of-freedom, which are formulated using an FE model. The states are reconstructed based on angular velocity measurements, which are obtained from strap-on inertial sensors placed along the flexible link. For validation, a motion-capture setup consisting of three OptiTrack cameras is used. The experiments are conducted on a hydraulic manipulator that has a single 4.5-m long flexible link with a tip mass. The validation is carried out by comparing the estimates to the OptiTrack reference measurements. The results demonstrate that this method provides satisfactory end-point positioning, while also being convenient for use in heavy-duty mobile manipulators.", keywords = "finite element method, inertial sensors, state estimation", author = "Petri M{\"a}kinen and Teemu Mononen and Jouni Mattila", year = "2018", month = "8", day = "27", doi = "10.1109/MESA.2018.8449188", language = "English", isbn = "9781538646434", booktitle = "2018 14th IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications, MESA 2018", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{a14be563ba3e4b61ae014607b13245ec, title = "In-flightwind field identification and prediction of parafoil systems", abstract = "The wind field is an essential factor that affects accurate homing and flare landing of parafoil systems. In order to obtain the ambient wind field during the descent of a parafoil system, a combination method of in-flight wind field identification and prediction is proposed. First, a wind identification method only using global position system information is derived based on the flight dynamics of parafoil systems. Then a wind field prediction model is constructed using the atmospheric dynamics, and the low-altitude wind field is predicted based on the identified wind field of high-altitude. Finally, simulations of wind field identification and prediction are conducted. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can identify the wind fields precisely and also predict the wind fields reasonably. This method can potentially be applied in practical parafoil systems to provide wind field information for homing tasks.", keywords = "Autonomous homing, Identification, Parafoil system, Prediction, Wind field", author = "Haitao Gao and Jin Tao and Matthias Dehmer and Frank Emmert-Streib and Qinglin Sun and Zengqiang Chen and Guangming Xie and Quan Zhou", year = "2020", month = "3", day = "1", doi = "10.3390/app10061958", language = "English", volume = "10", journal = "Applied Sciences", issn = "2076-3417", publisher = "MDPI", number = "6", }
@inproceedings{3faf8fb3d1e8478ab5d0ac32d10639df, title = "Inkjet-printed dual microfluidic-based sensor integrated system", abstract = "Demonstrated is a novel method to the fabrication of microfluidic devices utilizing a dual-sensor approach. The fabrication incorporates the use of poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PMMA) and inkjet-printing techniques. PMMA, a low-cost, robust material with low dielectric loss, is ideal for sensor fabrication. In addition, inkjet-printing polymer (SU-8) as a bonding layer dramatically improves the bonding strength and pressure handling. Furthermore, this system integrates two independent sensors in the same circuit, enabling concurrent calibration of two fluids. Based on the reaction in one sensor, response in another sensor for the same fluid can be predicted. The two sensors both have a sensitivity over 21 {\%}/log(r) and a good independence in calibrating fluids. The sensor system works at microwave frequency, enabling applications in wireless sensing including various chemical analysis.", keywords = "additive manufacturing, inkjet printing, microfluidics", author = "W. Su and Cooper, {J. R.} and Cook, {B. S.} and Tentzeris, {M. M.} and C. Mariotti and L. Roselli", year = "2015", month = "12", day = "31", doi = "10.1109/ICSENS.2015.7370300", language = "English", booktitle = "2015 IEEE SENSORS - Proceedings", publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", address = "United States", }
@article{3fab39701d7946ada74368eabb5caa1a, title = "Inkjet printed, self powered, wireless sensors for environmental, gas, and authentication-based sensing", abstract = "In this paper, inkjet-printed flexible sensors fabricated on paper substrates are introduced as a system-level solution for ultra-low-cost mass production of UHF Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags and wireless sensor nodes in a green approach that could be easily extended to other microwave and wireless applications. The authors briefly touch up the state-of-the-art area of fully integrated wireless sensor modules on paper and show several active and power scavenging platforms to power on wireless sensors that could potentially set the foundation for the truly convergent wireless sensor ad hoc networks of the future. Plus, the authors address the integration of carbon-nanotubes on paper substrates for the realization of ultra sensitive (parts per billion) gas sensors and present benchmarking results for various scavenging approaches involving solar and charge transfer-based mechanisms. Various challenges of packaging, passives, antennas, sensors and power sources integration are investigated in terms of ruggedness, reliability and flexibility performance for space, automotive, {"}smart-skin{"} and wearable applications.", keywords = "Antennas, battery-less, carbon nanotube, green electronics, inkjet-printed electronics, low-power, passives, radio frequency (RF), radio frequency identification (RFID), sensor, solar, system-on-paper, system-onpackage (SOP), wireless", author = "Rushi Vyas and Vasileios Lakafosis and Hoseon Lee and George Shaker and Li Yang and Giulia Orecchini and Anya Traille and Tentzeris, {Manos M.} and Luca Roselli", year = "2011", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2011.2166996", language = "English", volume = "11", pages = "3139--3152", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "12", }
@article{5bd3bd6572b34acb85a5fe3eea3c7d26, title = "Introduction to the Special Section on Sound Scene and Event Analysis", abstract = "The papers in this special section are devoted to the growing field of acoustic scene classification and acoustic event recognition. Machine listening systems still have difficulties to reach the ability of human listeners in the analysis of realistic acoustic scenes. If sustained research efforts have been made for decades in speech recognition, speaker identification and to a lesser extent in music information retrieval, the analysis of other types of sounds, such as environmental sounds, is the subject of growing interest from the community and is targeting an ever increasing set of audio categories. This problem appears to be particularly challenging due to the large variety of potential sound sources in the scene, which may in addition have highly different acoustic characteristics, especially in bioacoustics. Furthermore, in realistic environments, multiple sources are often present simultaneously, and in reverberant conditions.", author = "G. Richard and T. Virtanen and Bello, {J. P.} and N. Ono and H. Glotin", year = "2017", month = "6", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/TASLP.2017.2699334", language = "English", volume = "25", pages = "1169--1171", journal = "Ieee-Acm transactions on audio speech and language processing", issn = "2329-9290", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "6", }
@article{0eb232a811084c0c88092a32b0a2b0ee, title = "Joint-Space Kinematic Model for Gravity-Referenced Joint Angle Estimation of Heavy-Duty Manipulators", abstract = "A gravity-referenced joint angle estimation, which acts in joint space, is proposed for multiple-degree-of-freedom hydraulic manipulators. As a novelty, the estimation pairs up inertial units across a section of an open kinematic chain. In this way, the three-axis linear accelerometers and the three-axis rate gyros provide a drift-free solution for observing the motion state of a rotary joint connecting two links without relying on the full forward kinematics. For a low-noise, low-delay estimate, the linear accelerations acting on the paired inertial units are modeled and robustly combined with the principles of complementary and Kalman filtering. In pick-and-place experiments with a serial-link manipulator on a multiton, off-road forestry vehicle, joint angle sensing error of less than ±1° was achieved in spite of the dynamic interaction between the vehicle base and the terrain. Furthermore, the kinematic modeling's ability to compensate for the nonplanar, coupled 3-D linkage motion is studied for one- and two-axis rate measurements along with Cartesian path tracking. This gives new insights from the typical planar kinematic models and heavy-duty control viewpoints.", keywords = "Acceleration, Accelerometers, Couplings, Estimation, gyroscopes, Kinematics, kinematics, Manipulators, manipulators, microelectromechanical devices., Robot sensing systems", author = "Juho Vihonen and Jouni Mattila and Ari Visa", year = "2017", doi = "10.1109/TIM.2017.2749918", language = "English", volume = "66", pages = "3280--3288", journal = "IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement", issn = "0018-9456", publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers", number = "12", }
@inproceedings{103d6303779b4620a1e11c8d5c819b78, title = "Light beam hysteresis in liquid crystals", abstract = "We investigate optical bistability with light beams propagating in reorientational nematic liquid crystals. In a given interval of input powers, light beams can propagate in either diffracting or soliton states, depending on the 'history' of the system. We use biased planar samples exhibiting an abrupt self-focusing response with threshold.", keywords = "Hysteresis, Nematic liquid crystal, Obtical bistability, Spatial soliton", author = "Armando Piccardi and Alessandro Alberucci and Nina Kravets and Gaetano Assanto and Oleksandr Buchnev and Malgosia Kaczmarek", year = "2014", doi = "10.1109/Fotonica.2014.6843888", language = "English", isbn = "9788887237177", booktitle = "2014 Fotonica AEIT Italian Conference on Photonics Technologies, Fotonica AEIT 2014", publisher = "IEEE COMPUTER SOCIETY PRESS", }
@inproceedings{31ab7c37205b4421950ea5a2ee887c71, title = "Location-based beamforming architecture for efficient farming applications with drones", abstract = "This paper proposes a drone-based architecture with location-based beamforming (LBBF)and edge computing support for efficient crop harvesting and management in order to reduce the food waste in the food chain in farming applications. Monitoring the crop is a crucial part in the food chain. In this work, for monitoring purpose we consider synthetic aperture radar (SAR)mounted on the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In order to provide the edge computing information with good reliability, small latency and good throughput, we introduce a LBBF technique for the uplink connectivity. Firstly, the LBBF algorithm is proposed for the scenario where a single user is connected to the base station under analog beamforming scheme. Secondly, in the context of LBBF, we apply an optimization of the antenna size under the uniform rectangular array (URA)assumption. Thirdly, we implement a numerical analysis to compare LBBF with the traditional channel state information (CSI)-based beamforming. We show that the LBBF outperforms the CSI-based beamforming in the noisy environments according to the investigated performance metrics, namely the reliability of the connectivity and the capacity. In addition, the LBBF also has smaller latency than CSI-based beamforming.", keywords = "Farming, Location-based beamforming (LBBF), Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)", author = "Wenbo Wang and Niloofar Okati and Islam Tanash and Taneli Riihonen and Elena-Simona Lohan", year = "2019", month = "7", day = "4", doi = "10.1109/ICL-GNSS.2019.8752698", language = "English", editor = "Elena-Simona Lohan and Alexander Rugamer and Jari Nurmi and Wolfgang Koch and Albert Heuberger", booktitle = "2019 International Conference on Localization and GNSS, ICL-GNSS 2019", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{a3414483c4354688a135655b98555f63, title = "Low-cost inkjet-printed fully passive RFID tags for calibration-free capacitive/haptic sensor applications", abstract = "A fully passive, compact, and low-cost capacitive wireless radio frequency identification (RFID)-enabled sensing system for capacitive sensing and other Internet of Things applications is proposed. This calibration-free sensor utilizes a dual-tag topology, which consists of two closely spaced RFID tags with dipole antennas and printed capacitive sensor component connected to one of the tags. A series LC resonator is used to both reduce the antenna size and improve the isolation between the two antennas and the design/optimization steps are discussed in detail. All components except for the RFID chips are inkjet printed on an off-the-shelf photopaper using a silver nanoparticle ink. The complete sensor dimension is 84mm × 95mm and the sensor is compatible with EPC Class 1 Gen 2 (UHF) standard reader technology at 915 MHz.", keywords = "Capacitive sensing, cross-talk suppression, differential sensing, haptic sensors, inkjet-printing technology, Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensing, RFID, RFID-enabled sensor, wireless sensors", author = "Sangkil Kim and Yoshihiro Kawahara and Apostolos Georgiadis and Ana Collado and Tentzeris, {Manos M.}", year = "2015", month = "6", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2014.2366915", language = "English", volume = "15", pages = "3135--3145", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "6", }
@inproceedings{199f2c1a96f047ccbb2e8e1810ef0315, title = "Low-cost microfluidics-enabled tunable loop antenna using inkjet-printing technologies", abstract = "A low-cost and disposable loop antenna is proposed, which consists of a microfluidics-enabled tunable square loop and a microfluidics-enabled tunable balun to guarantee a similar radiation pattern over a reconfigurable 'liquid-controlled' frequency range. By inserting different fluids over partial sections of the loop and the balun, the proposed antenna can achieve a frequency range of 2.28 GHz for water filled channel to 2.45 GHz for empty channel. The proposed antenna is fabricated in a low-cost and non-cleanroom process by integrating inkjet-printing with laser-etching techniques. This antenna can be used as a fluid sensor for biomedical or chemical assay, as well as a tunable antenna for communication applications. The microfluidics-enabled tunable embedded balun can be applied independently as a wideband balun for various communication, sensing and biomonitoring applications.", keywords = "additive manufacturing, inkjet printing, loop antenna, microfluidics, tunable antenna, tunable balun", author = "Wenjing Su and Cook, {Benjamin S.} and Tentzeris, {Manos M.}", year = "2015", month = "8", day = "27", language = "English", booktitle = "2015 9th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2015", publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", address = "United States", }
@article{eadafc592d5e4403bc554a08535b1de0, title = "M2M Communication Assessment in Energy-Harvesting and Wake-Up Radio Assisted Scenarios Using Practical Components", abstract = "Techniques for wireless energy harvesting (WEH) are emerging as a fascinating set of solutions to extend the lifetime of energy-constrained wireless networks, and are commonly regarded as a key functional technique for almost perpetual communications. For example, with WEH technology, wireless devices are able to harvest energy from different light sources or Radio Frequency (RF) signals broadcast by ambient or dedicated wireless transmitters to support their operation and communications capabilities. WEH technology will have increasingly wider range of use in upcoming applications such as wireless sensor networks, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications, and the Internet of Things. In this paper, the usability and fundamental limits of joint RF and solar cell or photovoltaic harvesting based M2M communication systems are studied and presented. The derived theoretical bounds are in essence based on the Shannon capacity theorem, combined with selected propagation loss models, assumed additional link nonidealities, diversity processing, as well as the given energy harvesting and storage capabilities. Fundamental performance limits and available capacity of the communicating link are derived and analyzed, together with extensive numerical results evaluated in different practical scenarios, including realistic implementation losses and state-of-the-art printed supercapacitor performance figures with voltage doubler-based voltage regulator. In particular, low power sensor type communication applications using passive and semi-passive wake-up radio (WuR) are addressed in the study. The presented analysis principles and results establish clear feasibility regions and performance bounds for wireless energy harvesting based low rate M2M communications in the future IoT networks.", keywords = "diversity system, M2M communications, perpetual communications, propagation loss, Shannon limit, supercapacitor, wake-up radio, wireless energy harvesting", author = "Jukka Rinne and Jari Keskinen and Berger, {Paul R.} and Donald Lupo and Mikko Valkama", year = "2018", month = "11", day = "16", doi = "10.3390/s18113992", language = "English", volume = "18", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "11", }
@article{16a24e0579984fa7ac538d3d1bb8876d, title = "Measurement of sensitivity distribution map of a ferroelectret polymer film", abstract = "ElectroMechanical Film (EMFi) is an electroactive ferroelectret polymer film with a special cellular structure. Sensitivity distribution maps of EMFi sensors were measured in this study. Seven EMFi sensors with evaporated gold electrodes, size 55 mm x 55 mm, were measured with a measurement grid spacing of 5 mm. The sensitivity is defined here as the charge generated by the EMFi sensor divided by the force applied to excite the sensor, and this is closely related to piezoelectric d33 coefficient. The sensitivity of EMFi was found to vary in different places of the sensors and between the measured sensors. This is presumably due to the relatively large gas voids and local corona breakdowns. The maximum and minimum sensitivities were found to vary around 30 {\%} from the measured average sensitivity value. Thermally stimulated current (TSC) analysis confirmed the results obtained in the sensitivity distribution map measurements.", keywords = "Electromechanical sensors, measurement, polymer films", author = "Satu Rajala and Mika Paajanen and Jukka Lekkala", year = "2016", month = "9", day = "27", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2016.2613876", language = "English", volume = "16", pages = "8517--8522", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "23", }
@article{5390906bb9234003bfb86edfbb461500, title = "Measurement of the refractive index dispersion of As2Se 3 bulk glass and thin films prior to and after laser irradiation and annealing using prism coupling in the near- and mid-infrared spectral range", abstract = "The prism coupling technique has been utilized to measure the refractive index in the near- and mid-IR spectral region of chalcogenide glasses in bulk and thin film form. A commercial system (Metricon model 2010) has been modified with additional laser sources, detectors, and a new GaP prism to allow the measurement of refractive index dispersion over the 1.5-10.6m range. The instrumental error was found to be 0.001 refractive index units across the entire wavelength region examined. Measurements on thermally evaporated AMTIR2 thin films confirmed that (i) the film deposition process provides thin films with reduced index compared to that of the bulk glass used as a target, (ii) annealing of the films increases the refractive index of the film to the level of the bulk glass used as a target to create it, and (iii) it is possible to locally increase the refractive index of the chalcogenide glass using laser exposure at 632.8 nm.", author = "N. Carlie and Anheier, {N. C.} and Qiao, {H. A.} and B. Bernacki and Phillips, {M. C.} and L. Petit and Musgraves, {J. D.} and K. Richardson", year = "2011", month = "5", doi = "10.1063/1.3587616", language = "English", volume = "82", journal = "Review of Scientific Instruments", issn = "0034-6748", publisher = "American Institute of Physics", number = "5", }
@inproceedings{3cd6911efab84154867472dabd997e72, title = "Methods for long-term GNSS clock offset prediction", abstract = "Clock offset predictions along with satellite orbit predictions are used in self-assisted GNSS to reduce the Time-to-First-Fix of a satellite positioning device. This paper compares three methods for predicting GNSS satellite clock offsets: polynomial regression, Kalman filtering and support vector machines (SVM). The regression polynomial and support vector machine model are trained from past offsets. The Kalman filter uses past offsets to estimate the clock offset coefficients. In tests with GPS and GLONASS data, it is found that all three methods significantly improve the clock predictions relative to extrapolation with the basic clock model of the last obtained broadcast ephemeris (BE). In particular, the 68{\%} quantile of 7 day clock offset errors of GPS satellites was reduced by 66{\%} with polynomial regression, 69{\%} with Kalman filtering and 56{\%} with SVM on average.", author = "Jaakko Pihlajasalo and Helena Lepp{\"a}koski and Saara Kuismanen and Simo Ali-L{\"o}ytty and Robert Piche", note = "int=comp,{"}Kuismanen, Saara{"}", year = "2019", month = "6", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/ICL-GNSS.2019.8752725", language = "English", isbn = "978-1-7281-2446-9", series = "International Conference on Localization and GNSS", publisher = "IEEE", editor = "Jari Nurmi and Elena-Simona Lohan and Alexander Rugamer and Albert Heuberger and Wolfgang Koch", booktitle = "2019 International Conference on Localization and GNSS, ICL-GNSS 2019", }
@article{125f30d8a8c946ec964f23d29653f338, title = "Methods for simultaneous robot-world-hand–eye calibration: A comparative study", abstract = "In this paper, we propose two novel methods for robot-world-hand-eye calibration and provide a comparative analysis against six state-of-the-art methods. We examine the calibration problem from two alternative geometrical interpretations, called 'hand-eye' and 'robot-world-hand-eye', respectively. The study analyses the effects of specifying the objective function as pose error or reprojection error minimization problem. We provide three real and three simulated datasets with rendered images as part of the study. In addition, we propose a robotic arm error modeling approach to be used along with the simulated datasets for generating a realistic response. The tests on simulated data are performed in both ideal cases and with pseudo-realistic robotic arm pose and visual noise. Our methods show significant improvement and robustness on many metrics in various scenarios compared to state-of-the-art methods.", keywords = "Hand-eye calibration, Optimization, Robot-world-hand-eye calibration", author = "Ihtisham Ali and Olli Suominen and Atanas Gotchev and Morales, {Emilio Ruiz}", year = "2019", month = "6", day = "2", doi = "10.3390/s19122837", language = "English", volume = "19", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "12", }
@article{6a13d4fa99f54f3fb088908ea1af9ef8, title = "Metrics for polyphonic sound event detection", abstract = "This paper presents and discusses various metrics proposed for evaluation of polyphonic sound event detection systems used in realistic situations where there are typically multiple sound sources active simultaneously. The system output in this case contains overlapping events, marked as multiple sounds detected as being active at the same time. The polyphonic system output requires a suitable procedure for evaluation against a reference. Metrics from neighboring fields such as speech recognition and speaker diarization can be used, but they need to be partially redefined to deal with the overlapping events. We present a review of the most common metrics in the field and the way they are adapted and interpreted in the polyphonic case. We discuss segment-based and event-based definitions of each metric and explain the consequences of instance-based and class-based averaging using a case study. In parallel, we provide a toolbox containing implementations of presented metrics.", keywords = "Audio content analysis, Audio signal processing, Computational auditory scene analysis, Evaluation of sound event detection, Everyday sounds, Pattern recognition, Polyphonic sound event detection, Sound events", author = "Annamaria Mesaros and Toni Heittola and Tuomas Virtanen", year = "2016", doi = "10.3390/app6060162", language = "English", volume = "6", journal = "Applied Sciences", issn = "2076-3417", publisher = "MDPI", number = "6", }
@article{57df5ad22e054fee97a677caa3e8c2fb, title = "Microwave assisted laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy at ambient conditions", abstract = "Signal enhancements in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) using external microwave power are demonstrated in ambient air. Pulsed microwave at 2.45 GHz and of 1 millisecond duration was delivered via a simple near field applicator (NFA), with which an external electric field is generated and coupled into laser induced plasma. The external microwave power can significantly increase the signal lifetime from a few microseconds to hundreds of microseconds, resulting in a great enhancement on LIBS signals with the use of a long integration time. The dependence of signal enhancement on laser energy and microwave power is experimentally assessed. With the assistance of microwave source, a significant enhancement of ∼ 100 was achieved at relatively low laser energy that is only slightly above the ablation threshold. A limit of detection (LOD) of 8.1 ppm was estimated for copper detection in Cu/Al2O3 solid samples. This LOD corresponds to a 93-fold improvement compared with conventional single-pulse LIBS. Additionally, in the microwave assisted LIBS, the self-reversal effect was greatly reduced, which is beneficial in measuring elements of high concentration. Temporal measurements have been performed and the results revealed the evolution of the emission process in microwave-enhanced LIBS. The optimal position of the NFA related to the ablation point has also been investigated.", keywords = "Copper Detection, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Microwave signal enhancement", author = "Jan Viljanen and Zhiwei Sun and Alwahabi, {Zeyad T.}", year = "2016", month = "4", day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.sab.2016.02.002", language = "English", volume = "118", pages = "29--36", journal = "Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy", issn = "0584-8547", publisher = "Elsevier", }
@article{f240268c022c4b2d9086b62cdfcf0362, title = "Molecular dynamics simulation of the damage production in Al (110) surface with slow argon ions", abstract = "We have developed a molecular dynamics simulation program to gain more insight into the sputtering process, especially the damage produced by it. We have studied the sputtering of aluminium (110) surface with argon ions. The Morse pair potentail was used for Al-Al interaction, the Lennard-Jones potential for Ar-Ar interaction and both the Moli{\`e}re potential and the universal potential of Ziegler et al. for Ar-Al interaction. An electronic friction term proportional to the particle velocities was also used. The studied incident argon ion energies and angles were 200 and 400 eV and 0° (normal), 25°, 45° and 75°, respectively. The calculated sputtering yield and the overall shape and the mean depth of the vacancy profiles agree with the experimental results. The obtained profiles contain a narrow peak within the topmost atomic layers, followed by a weak tail deeper in the material. The intersitial and argon ion distributions are much more spread out at larger depths. The total number of vacancies per incident Ar+ ion varies from 0 to 7, increasing as function of Ar+ ion energy.", author = "S. Valkealahti and Nieminen, {R. M.}", year = "1986", month = "1", day = "1", doi = "10.1016/S0168-583X(86)80060-X", language = "English", volume = "18", pages = "365--369", journal = "NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B: BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS", issn = "0168-583X", publisher = "Elsevier", number = "1-6", }
@inproceedings{663ddfbf5faf467993897c3240315033, title = "Monitoring pH, temperature and humidity in long-term stem cell culture in CO2 incubator", abstract = "Cell culture in stem cell research is on the rise, not only for basic research but also for its potential medical and therapeutic applications. Monitoring culture process using sensors throughout the culture helps to optimize culture conditions for optimal growth and maximize yield from the cells. Further, the sensor data gives insight into developing better cell culture systems. Typical stem cell culture platforms, e.g. well plates or flasks, cannot be easily equipped with sensors and impose many challenges in periodic process measurements in a CO2 incubator. We present an incubator compatible modular measurement system with three sensors, to monitor pH, temperature and humidity continuously throughout the culture. Sensors are assembled around a flow through cuvette for highly sterile non-contact measurements. No sample preparation or sample extraction from the incubator is needed and the measurements are carried out in a closed flow loop without wasting any medium. The modular assembly is novel, reusable and feasible for humid incubator environments. The system has been tested, validated and used in mesenchymal stem cell expansion and differentiation, for periods ranging from two to three weeks. Once the measurement has commenced at the beginning of culture, continuous measurements without sensor recalibration or special manual attention are carried out till the end of the culture. Measurement data clearly show the interplay between measured parameters, indicating a few stress sources present all through the culture. Additionally, it gives an overall picture of behavior of critical control parameters in an incubator and points out the need for bioprocess systems with automatic process monitoring and smart control for maximum yield, optimal growth and maintenance of the cells.", keywords = "cell culture incubator environmental monitoring, incubator compatible sensors, long-term cell culture measurements, long-term optical cell culture pH measurements, non-contact cell culture measurements", author = "Rajan, {Dhanesh Kattipparambil} and Jarmo Verho and Joose Kreutzer and Hannu Valimaki and Heimo Ihalainen and Jukka Lekkala and Mimmi Patrikoski and Susanna Miettinen", year = "2017", month = "7", day = "19", doi = "10.1109/MeMeA.2017.7985922", language = "English", pages = "470--474", booktitle = "2017 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA)", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{8f6db7c38f544830bbc3539f9b5f7e72, title = "Multimode waveguides in nematic liquid crystals", abstract = "We report on the first experimental observation of higher-order modes guided by soliton-induced waveguides in nematic liquid crystals, identifying the power domains where guided modes are supported.", author = "Izdebskaya, {Yana V.} and Desyatnikov, {Anton S.} and Gaetano Assanto and Kivshar, {Yuri S.}", year = "2011", language = "English", isbn = "9780977565771", pages = "1912--1913", booktitle = "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim, CLEOPR 2011", }
@inproceedings{6bd1533aac7d43ce84c2a881c2562d96, title = "Nematicon routing in liquid crystal light valve", abstract = "Using external beams on the photoconductive layer of a liquid crystal light valve we demonstrate all-optical control of soliton induced waveguides in nematics. Using this approach we implement a half-adder and a 3-bit demultiplexer.", author = "A. Piccardi and A. Alberucci and U. Bortolozzo and S. Residori and G. Assanto", year = "2010", language = "English", isbn = "9781557528964", booktitle = "Optics InfoBase Conference Papers", }
@article{1d658c5033984e2883c0c84173d6dfee, title = "New Evidence for the Mechanism of Action of a Type-2 Diabetes Drug Using a Magnetic Bead-Based Automated Biosensing Platform", abstract = "The mechanism of action (MOA) of the first line type-2 diabetes drug metformin remains unclear despite its widespread usage. However, recent evidence suggests that the mitochondrial copper (Cu)-binding action of metformin may contribute toward the drug's MOA. Here, we present a novel biosensing platform for investigating the MOA of metformin using a magnetic microbead-based agglutination assay which has allowed us to demonstrate for the first time the interaction between Cu and metformin at clinically relevant low micromolar concentrations of the drug, thus suggesting a potential pathway of metformin's blood-glucose lowering action. In this assay, cysteine-functionalized magnetic beadswere agglutinated in the presence of Cu due to cysteine's Cu-chelation property. Addition of clinically relevant doses of metformin resulted in disaggregation of Cu-bridged bead-clusters, whereas the effect of adding a closely related but blood-glucose neutral drug propanediimidamide (PDI) showed completely different responses to the clusters. The entire assay was integrated in an automated microfluidics platform with an advanced optical imaging unit by which we investigated these aggregation-disaggregation phenomena in a reliable, automated, and user-friendly fashion with total assay time of 17 min requiring a sample (metformin/PDI) volume of 30 μL. The marked difference of Cu-binding action between the blood-glucose lowering drug metformin and its inactive analogue PDI thus suggests that metformin's distinctive Cu-binding properties may be required for its effect on glucose homeostasis. The novel automated platform demonstrating this novel investigation thus holds the potential to be utilized for investigating significant and sensitive molecular interactions via magnetic bead-based agglutination assay.", keywords = "agglutination assay, biosensor, magnetic beads, metformin, molecular interactions, optical imaging, type-2 diabetes", author = "Rokon Uddin and N. Nur-E-Habiba and Graham Rena and Hwu, {En Te} and Anja Boisen", note = "INT=keb,{"}Nur-E-Habiba, N.{"}", year = "2017", month = "9", day = "22", doi = "10.1021/acssensors.7b00384", language = "English", volume = "2", pages = "1329--1336", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "9", }
@article{77ec63e1a1f44b8da0306a9c0fee1b80, title = "Noncontact Respiration Monitoring during Sleep with Microwave Doppler Radar", abstract = "This paper demonstrates the measurement of respiration waveform during sleep with a noncontact radar sensor. Instead of measuring only the respiration rate, the methods that allow monitoring the absolute respiration displacement were studied. Absolute respiration displacement can in theory be measured with a quadrature microwave Doppler radar sensor and using the nonlinear demodulation as the channel combining method. However, in this paper, relative respiration displacement measures were used as a reference. This is the first time that longer data sets have been analyzed successfully with the nonlinear demodulation method. This paper consists of whole-night recordings of three patients in an uncontrolled environment. The reference respiration data were obtained from a full polysomnography recorded simultaneously. The feasibility of the nonlinear demodulation in a real-life setting has been unclear. However, this paper shows that it is successful most of the time. The coverage of successfully demodulated radar data was ∼ 58 {\%}-78{\%}. The use of the nonlinear demodulation is not possible in the following cases: 1) if the chest wall displacement is too small compared with the wavelength of the radar; 2) if the radar data do not form an arc-like shape in the $IQ$ -plot; or 3) if there are large movement artifacts present in the data. Both in academic literature and in commercial radar devices, the data are processed based on the presumption that it forms either an arc or a line in the IQ -plot. Our measurements show that the presumption is not always valid.", keywords = "breathing patterns, Doppler radar, non-contact respiration measurement, radar measurements", author = "Mari Zakrzewski and Antti Vehkaoja and Joutsen, {Atte S.} and Palovuori, {Karri T.} and Vanhala, {Jukka J.}", note = "ORG=elt,0.75 ORG=ase,0.25", year = "2015", month = "10", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2015.2446616", language = "English", volume = "15", pages = "5683--5693", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "10", }
@article{135c5181a8e04b2297b12ca9867355ea, title = "Non-destructive and wireless monitoring of biodegradable polymers", abstract = "A method for monitoring changes in biodegradable polymers during hydrolysis is proposed. This wireless and non-destructive method is based on inductively coupled passive resonance sensors embedded in the polymer shell. In this study, we prepared specimens using two poly(lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers possessing different degradation profiles. The copolymer embedded sensors were immersed in buffer solution and their resonance features were compared with periodically performed conventional polymer characterization methods. A clear difference was noticed in the wirelessly measured signals between the two tested copolymer materials. Also the reference methods showed clear differences between the degradation profiles of the copolymers. The wirelessly measured signals are likely to correlate to the structural changes in the materials during the hydrolysis. In the future, this technique could be used in the laboratory to provide easy-to-access in situ information about the polymers. Even the state of biodegradable polymer implants could be wirelessly monitored.", keywords = "Biodegradable polymers, Passive resonance sensor, Poly(lactide-co-glycolide), Telemetry, Wireless monitoring", author = "Timo Salpavaara and Aleksi H{\"a}nninen and Anni Antniemi and Jukka Lekkala and Minna Kellom{\"a}ki", year = "2017", doi = "10.1016/j.snb.2017.05.116", language = "English", volume = "251", pages = "1018--1025", journal = "Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical", issn = "0925-4005", publisher = "Elsevier Science", }
@inproceedings{0b4e15f46f974f45bf0fcf6fe6aaf6c0, title = "Observation of defect formation in metamaterials", abstract = "We report subwavelength localization of electromagnetic fields within cavities based on metamaterials. Cavity resonances are observed in the transmission spectrum of a split ring resonator and composite metamaterials cavity structures. These cavity resonances are shown to exhibit high quality factors. Since the unit cells of metamaterials are much smaller than the operation wavelength, subwavelength localization is possible within these metamaterial cavity structures. In the present paper, we show that the electromagnetic field is localized into a region of λ/8, where λ is the cavity resonance wavelength.", author = "Humeyra Caglayan and Irfan Bulu and Marko Loncar and Ekmel Ozbay", note = "EXT={"}Caglayan, Humeyra{"}", year = "2008", doi = "10.1364/META_PLAS.2008.MMC7", language = "English", isbn = "9781557528612", booktitle = "Plasmonics and Metamaterials 2008", publisher = "Optical Society of America", }
@inproceedings{dd2a6ad17725409cb41650cd542b2e01, title = "On prediction of DCT-based denoising efficiency under spatially correlated noise conditions", abstract = "In this paper, results of image denoising efficiency prediction for filter based on discrete cosine transform (DCT) for the case of spatially correlated additive Gaussian Noise (SCGN) are given. The considered noise model is analyzed for different degrees of spatial correlation that produce varying non-homogeneous spectrum of the noise. PSNR metric is exploited to assess denoising efficiency. It is shown in this paper, that a prediction of denoising efficiency has high accuracy for data distorted by noise with different degrees of spatial correlation, and require low computational resources.", keywords = "Denoising, Efficiency Prediction, Fitting, Spatially Correlated Noise", author = "Oleksii Rubel and Vladimir Lukin and Karen Egiazarian", year = "2016", month = "4", day = "12", doi = "10.1109/TCSET.2016.7452171", language = "English", isbn = "9786176078067", pages = "750--754", booktitle = "2016 13th International Conference on Modern Problems of Radio Engineering, Telecommunications and Computer Science (TCSET)", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{aafe803599b949e08732245ee015b497, title = "Open data based value networks: Finnish examples of public events and agriculture", abstract = "In recent years, several countries have placed strong emphasis on openness, especially open data, which can be shared and further processed into various applications. Based on studies, the majority of open data providers are government organizations. This study presents two cases in which the data providers are companies. The cases are analyzed using a framework for open data based business models derived from the literature and several case studies. The analysis focuses on the beginning of the data value chain. As a result, the study highlights the role of data producers in the ecosystem, which has not been the focus in current frameworks.", author = "P. Linna and T. M{\"a}kinen and K. Yrj{\"o}nkoski", note = "INT=tie,{"}M{\"a}kinen, T.{"}", year = "2017", month = "7", day = "10", doi = "10.23919/MIPRO.2017.7973649", language = "English", pages = "1448--1453", booktitle = "2017 40th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics, MIPRO 2017 - Proceedings", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{bf14fc9c775b4aeea96879bcb3a10168, title = "Optical Frequency Comb Photoacoustic Spectroscopy", abstract = "We combine for the first time a mid-infrared optical frequency comb Fourier transform spectrometer with cantilever-enhanced photoacoustic detection and measure high-resolution broadband spectra of the fundamental band of methane in a few milliliter sample volume.", author = "Ibrahim Sadiek and Tommi Mikkonen and Markku Vainio and Juha Toivonen and Aleksandra Foltynowicz", year = "2019", month = "5", day = "1", doi = "10.23919/CLEO.2019.8749688", language = "English", booktitle = "2019 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO 2019 - Proceedings", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{a1a45a5ad7584493bf0d05b97ce7d83f, title = "Optimal emission enhancement in orthogonal double-pulse laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy", abstract = "Abstract Orthogonal double-pulse (DP) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was performed using reheating and pre-ablative configurations. The ablation pulse power density was varied by two orders of magnitude and the DP experiments were carried out for a wide range of interpulse delays. For both DP-LIBS schemes, the signal enhancement was evaluated with respect to the corresponding single-pulse (SP) LIBS as a function of the interpulse delay. The reheating scheme shows a sharp maximum signal enhancement of up to 200-fold for low ablative power densities (0.4 GW cm- 2); however, for power densities larger than 10 GW cm- 2 this configuration did not improve the SP outcome. On the other hand, a more uniform signal enhancement of about 4-6 was obtained for the pre-ablative scheme nearly independently of the used ablative power density. In terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) the pre-ablative scheme shows a monotonic increment with the ablative power density. Whereas the reheating configuration reaches a maximum at 2.2 GW cm- 2, its enhancement effect collapses markedly for fluencies above 10 GW cm- 2.", keywords = "Double-pulse, Emission enhancement, LIBS", author = "R. Sangin{\'e}s and V. Contreras and H. Sobral and A. Robledo-Martinez", year = "2015", month = "7", day = "6", doi = "10.1016/j.sab.2015.06.012", language = "English", volume = "110", pages = "139--145", journal = "Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy", issn = "0584-8547", publisher = "Elsevier", }
@inproceedings{1898ca5551bf42788699fa8edba8406c, title = "Optimization of RFID-Based Tunnel Access Monitoring System Antenna Reading Areas", abstract = "This work focuses on a nuclear waste storage facility's RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)-based access monitoring system and especially on antenna reading area mapping results. The objective of this research is to find out the effects of sprayed concrete bedrock caverns and height of reader antennas on RFID antenna reading areas. First, we will shortly introduce the access monitoring system, equipment, and program that have been developed for the tunnel system. Next, we describe the research area, the locations of the antennas, and the study protocol. Finally, we discuss the effects of sprayed concrete and antenna height on the antenna reading areas. Further, we introduce other noted factors that affect the reading area sizes, for example bedrock fractures and fillings. Based on the results, a sprayed concrete surface improves the reflectiveness of the radio signal and thus the reading capabilities of the ID (Identification)-cards. Another clear result was that the higher the antenna or ID-card was placed, the longer the MRRR (Maximum Reliable Read Range) range was.", keywords = "Antenna, Measurement, RFID, Tunnel system", author = "Kai Kordelin and Johanna Virkki and Jaana Kordelin and Joel Kuusman and Jussi Mattila and Markku Johansson and Leena Ukkonen and Lauri Syd{\"a}nheimo", year = "2019", month = "3", day = "1", language = "English", booktitle = "13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2019", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{a558919d13a64b58bc404bb10c76f55d, title = "Passive resonance sensor based method for monitoring particle suspensions", abstract = "Control of particle suspensions is needed in several modern industrial processes. A reason for the difficulty in this task has been the lack of a fast and reliable measurement. In this study, we tested the measurement of particle suspension by using a method based on a passive resonance sensor. The relative amounts of dispersing agent and aluminium oxide in the suspension were varied. The studied method yielded signals which depended on the complex permittivity of the suspension. The results indicated that we were able to measure information that can be used as feedback for the suspension preparation process. In addition, the tested instrumentation was simple and robust and thus this method may allow online measurements directly from the industrial processes.", keywords = "Complex permittivity, Inductive coupling, Passive resonance sensor, Slurry, Suspension", author = "Timo Salpavaara and Matti J{\"a}rvel{\"a}inen and Sari Sepp{\"a}l{\"a} and Teemu Yli-Hallila and Jarmo Verho and Matti Vilkko and Jukka Lekkala and Erkki Lev{\"a}nen", note = "ORG=ase,0.5 ORG=mol,0.5", year = "2015", month = "6", day = "8", doi = "10.1016/j.snb.2015.04.121", language = "English", volume = "219", pages = "324--330", journal = "Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical", issn = "0925-4005", publisher = "Elsevier Science", }
@inproceedings{6b911bf77a794c089a72991937159665, title = "Path Loss Characterization for Intra-Vehicle Wearable Deployments at 60 GHz", abstract = "In this work, we present the results of a wide-band measurement campaign at 60 GHz conducted inside a Linkker electric city bus. Targeting prospective millimeter-wave (mmWave) public transportation wearable scenarios, we mimic a typical deployment of mobile high-end consumer devices in a dense environment. Specifically, our intra-vehicle deployment includes one receiver and multiple transmitters corresponding to a mmWave access point and passengers' wearable and handheld devices. While the receiver is located in the front part of the bus, the transmitters repeat realistic locations of personal devices (i) at the seat level (e.g., a hand-held device) and (ii) at a height 70 cm above the seat (e.g., a wearable device: augmented reality glasses or a head-mounted display). Based on the measured received power, we construct a logarithmic model for the distance-dependent path loss. The parametrized models developed in the course of this study have the potential to become an attractive ground for the link budget estimation and interference footprint studies in crowded public transportation scenarios.", keywords = "60 GHz, intra-vehicle deployment, millimeter-wave, public transportation, wearable devices", author = "Vasilii Semkin and Aleksei Ponomarenko-Timofeev and Aki Karttunen and Olga Galinina and Sergey Andreev and Yevgeni Koucheryavy", year = "2019", month = "3", day = "1", language = "English", booktitle = "13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2019", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{50f2282fae7f4f539109f0ebabde492d, title = "Piezoresistive natural rubber-multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposite for sensor applications", abstract = "We explore, both experimentally and theoretically, the possibility to use a composite of natural rubber (NR) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as a piezoresistive tensile sensor. As an essentially new feature relative to the previous work, we have performed a systematic study of the mechanism of the piezoresistance at large deformations in a wide range of MWCNT concentrations and crosslinking degrees of the host rubber material. In qualitative agreement with the previous work, the conductivity of the unstrained NR/MWCNT nanocomposite is shown to be adequately described by the percolation theory with the critical exponent evaluated to ∼2.31. Varying tensile stress-induced strains in the composite has been shown to results in a non-linear electrical response that cannot be described by simple modifications of the percolation theory. In order to explain the observed non-linear dependence of the resistance R of the composite on the strain ε, we have developed a scaling theory that relates this resistance to the structural changes in the conducting MWCNT network caused by deforming the host NR. Based on the obtained results, we discuss the ways of using the highly stretchable conductive elastomer composites as an efficient piezoresistive tensile sensor.", keywords = "Sensor rubber filler strain nano-composite conductivity", author = "Selvan, {N. Tamil} and Eshwaran, {S. B.} and A. Das and St{\"o}ckelhuber, {K. W.} and S. Wie{\ss}ner and P. P{\"o}tschke and Nando, {G. B.} and Chervanyov, {A. I.} and G. Heinrich", year = "2016", month = "3", day = "1", doi = "10.1016/j.sna.2016.01.004", language = "English", volume = "239", pages = "102--113", journal = "Sensors and Actuators A: Physical", issn = "0924-4247", publisher = "Elsevier", }
@article{31f155a166464c18bc842b1a63614082, title = "Polarization control of the bound state of a vector soliton", abstract = "This article demonstrates that the number of pulses in a group of vector bound solitons can be accurately adjusted by polarization control. We could achieve states with up to seven pulses trapped in a group with equally firm pulse separation. The stable relative phase between pulses within the group is manifested as an interference pattern in the soliton spectrum. {\circledC} 2013 Astro Ltd.", author = "R. Gumenyuk and Okhotnikov, {O. G.}", note = "Contribution: organisation=orc,FACT1=1Portfolio EDEND: 2013-07-29Publisher name: Institute of Physics Publishing", year = "2013", month = "5", doi = "10.1088/1612-2011/10/5/055111", language = "English", volume = "10", pages = "1--3", journal = "Laser Physics Letters", issn = "1612-2011", publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.", number = "5", }
@article{b0298ab723c74171bcba0c37ab5fc13e, title = "Positioning information privacy in intelligent transportation systems: An overview and future perspective", abstract = "Today, the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are already in deep integration phase all over the world. One of the most significant enablers for ITS are vehicle positioning and tracking techniques. Worldwide integration of ITS employing Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) and European standard for vehicular communication, known as ETSI ITS-G5, brings a variety of options to improve the positioning in areas where GPS connectivity is lacking precision. Utilization of the ready infrastructure, next-generation cellular 5G networks, and surrounding electronic devices together with conventional positioning techniques could become the solution to improve the overall ITS operation in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication scenario. Nonetheless, effective and secure communication protocols between the vehicle and roadside units should be both analyzed and improved in terms of potential attacks on the transmitted positioning-related data. In particular, said information might be misused or stolen at the infrastructure side conventionally assumed to be trusted. In this paper, we first survey different methods of vehicle positioning, which is followed by an overview of potential attacks on ITS systems. Next, we propose potential improvements allowing mutual authentication between the vehicle and infrastructure aiming at improving positioning data privacy. Finally, we propose a vision on the development and standardization aspects of such systems.", keywords = "Authentication, Data privacy, GDPR, Intelligent transportation systems, Positioning", author = "Aleksandr Ometov and Sergey Bezzateev and Vadim Davydov and Anna Shchesniak and Pavel Masek and Lohan, {Elena Simona} and Yevgeni Koucheryavy", year = "2019", month = "4", day = "1", doi = "10.3390/s19071603", language = "English", volume = "19", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "7", }
@article{4a4b428ce46747dc88049e9726b7b62b, title = "Ranges and stopping power of KeV electrons in the solid hydrogens", abstract = "1-3 keV electron ranges and stopping power in the solid hydrogens have been investigated by the Monte Carlo simulation method on the basis of experimental thin film measurements. In the simulation, elastic scattering cross sections are calculated exactly using the single-atom crystalline potentials. Inelastic processes for gold are treated by modifying Gryziński's semiempirical expression for each core and valence electron excitation. For H2 the ionization cross section from Green and Sawada is applied together with the gas phase stopping power from Parks et al. Simulations of electron penetration in a layer of solid hydrogen on a gold substrate with normal incidence and reflection from bulk hydrogen with different angles of incidence are fitted to experimental measurements by adjusting the stopping power of electrons in solid hydrogen. It is found to be 0.75 times the stopping power for the gas phase. The mean path length and mean penetration depth of electrons in solid hydrogen are determined from the simulations with this modified stopping power. Also the full penetration depth distributions are presented as well as their Gaussian parametrizations. The previously determined measured projected range is almost equal to the calculated mean path length.", author = "S. Valkealahti and J. Schou and H. S{\o}rensen and Nieminen, {R. M.}", year = "1988", month = "1", day = "1", doi = "10.1016/0168-583X(88)90052-3", language = "English", volume = "34", pages = "321--331", journal = "NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B: BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS", issn = "0168-583X", publisher = "Elsevier", number = "3", }
@article{a27f7a972998405784706831b12cc4ad, title = "Rapid and sensitive detection of norovirus antibodies in human serum with a biolayer interferometry biosensor", abstract = "Here, we describe the use of a biolayer interferometry biosensor for the fast and sensitive detection of virus-specific antibodies from human serum samples. Norovirus-like particles and norovirus P-particles were used to functionalise the biosensor tip. The detection of antibodies directly from serum samples was challenging, but the addition of a metal chelator (DAB) combined with an anti-human horseradish peroxidase-tagged antibody enabled enhanced detection of virus-specific antibodies in serum dilutions up to 1:100,000. Biolayer interferometry provides results faster than an ELISA, with results in as little as 10-20 min when using pre-functionalised sensors. Therefore, biolayer interferometry combined with DAB enhancement offers an attractive method for quick and sensitive quantification of biomolecules from complicated sample matrices.", keywords = "Biolayer interferometry, Fast diagnostics, Non-labelled detection, Norovirus, P-particles, Virus-like particles (VLPs)", author = "Sanna Auer and Tiia Koho and Hanni Uusi-Kerttula and Timo Vesikari and Vesna Blazevic and Hyt{\"o}nen, {Vesa P.}", year = "2015", month = "12", day = "31", doi = "10.1016/j.snb.2015.06.088", language = "English", volume = "221", pages = "507--514", journal = "Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical", issn = "0925-4005", publisher = "Elsevier Science", }
@inproceedings{e9b55d0638ff4a8bb0517e2b2eb2e724, title = "Real-time and Robust Collaborative Robot Motion Control with Microsoft Kinect {\circledR} v2", abstract = "Recent development in depth sensing provide various opportunities for the development of new methods for Human Robot Interaction (HRI). Collaborative robots (co-bots) are redefining HRI across the manufacturing industry. However, little work has been done yet in the field of HRI with Kinect sensor in this industry. In this paper, we will present a HRI study using nearest-point approach with Microsoft Kinect v2 sensor's depth image (RGB-D). The approach is based on the Euclidean distance which has robust properties against different environments. The study aims to improve the motion performance of Universal Robot-5 (UR5) and interaction efficiency during the possible collaboration using the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework and its tools. After the depth data from the Kinect sensor has been processed, the nearest points differences are transmitted to the robot via ROS.", keywords = "collaborative robots, human-robot collaboration, Human-robot interaction, Microsoft Kinect v2, ROS, trajectory planning", author = "Burak Teke and Minna Lanz and Joni-Kristian K{\"a}m{\"a}r{\"a}inen and Antti Hietanen", note = "INT=mei,{"}Teke, Burak{"}", year = "2018", month = "8", day = "27", doi = "10.1109/MESA.2018.8449156", language = "English", isbn = "9781538646434", booktitle = "2018 14th IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications, MESA 2018", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{8f059089b4a643d48e9fe869d2062018, title = "Restoration of low-dose digital breast tomosynthesis", abstract = "In breast cancer screening, the radiation dose must be kept to the minimum necessary to achieve the desired diagnostic objective, thus minimizing risks associated with cancer induction. However, decreasing the radiation dose also degrades the image quality. In this work we restore digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) projections acquired at low radiation doses with the goal of achieving a quality comparable to that obtained from current standard full-dose imaging protocols. A multiframe denoising algorithm was applied to low-dose projections, which are filtered jointly. Furthermore, a weighted average was used to inject a varying portion of the noisy signal back into the denoised one, in order to attain a signal-to-noise ratio comparable to that of standard full-dose projections. The entire restoration framework leverages a signal-dependent noise model with quantum gain which varies both upon the projection angle and on the pixel position. A clinical DBT system and a 3D anthropomorphic breast phantom were used to validate the proposed method, both on DBT projections and slices from the 3D reconstructed volume. The framework is shown to attain the standard full-dose image quality from data acquired at 50{\%} lower radiation dose, whereas progressive loss of relevant details compromises the image quality if the dosage is further decreased.", keywords = "denoising, digital breast tomosynthesis, dose reduction, variance stabilization", author = "Borges, {Lucas R.} and Lucio Azzari and Bakic, {Predrag R.} and Maidment, {Andrew D.A.} and Vieira, {Marcelo A.C.} and Alessandro Foi", year = "2018", month = "4", day = "19", doi = "10.1088/1361-6501/aab2f6", language = "English", volume = "29", journal = "Measurement Science and Technology", issn = "0957-0233", publisher = "IOP Publishing", number = "6", }
@article{8b528589ff754e2883b5f9460684c748, title = "RFID-based sensors for zero-power autonomous wireless sensor networks", abstract = "Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has enabled a new class of low cost, wireless zero-power sensors, which open up applications in highly pervasive and distributed RFID-enabled sensing, which were previously not feasible with wired or battery powered wireless sensor nodes. This paper provides a review of RFID sensing techniques utilizing chip-based and chipless RFID principles, and presents a variety of implementations of RFID-based sensors, which can be used to detect strain, temperature, water quality, touch, and gas.", keywords = "inkjet printing, mmwave, RFID, Wireless sensors", author = "Cook, {Benjamin S.} and Rushi Vyas and Sangkil Kim and Trang Thai and Taoran Le and Anya Traille and Herve Aubert and Tentzeris, {Manos M.}", year = "2014", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2013.2297436", language = "English", volume = "14", pages = "2419--2431", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "8", }
@article{dd06c7564c6b491ba234f18b6574ed53, title = "RFID-Based Wireless Passive Sensors Utilizing Cork Materials", abstract = "This paper presents the design of low-cost, conformal UHF antennas and RFID tags on two types of cork substrates: 1) natural cork and 2) agglomerate cork. Such RFID tags find an application in wine bottle and barrel identification, and in addition, they are suitable for numerous antenna-based sensing applications. This paper includes the high-frequency characterization of the selected cork substrates considering the anisotropic behavior of such materials. In addition, the variation of their permittivity values as a function of the humidity is also verified. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, three conformal RFID tags have been implemented on cork, and their performance has been evaluated using both a commercial Alien ALR8800 reader and an in-house measurement setup. The reading of all tags has been checked, and a satisfactory performance has been verified, with reading ranges spanning from 0.3 to 6 m. In addition, this paper discusses how inkjet printing can be applied to cork surfaces, and an RFID tag printed on cork is used as a humidity sensor. Its performance is tested under different humidity conditions, and a good range in excess of 3 m has been achieved, allied to a good sensitivity obtained with a shift of >5 dB in threshold power of the tag for different humid conditions.", keywords = "cork characterization, humidity sensor, inkjet printing, passive sensor, UHF RFID, wireless sensor", author = "Ricardo Gon{\cc}alves and Sergi Rima and Roberto Magueta and Pedro Pinho and Ana Collado and Apostolos Georgiadis and Jimmy Hester and Carvalho, {Nuno Borges} and Tentzeris, {Manos M.}", year = "2015", month = "12", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2015.2472980", language = "English", volume = "15", pages = "7242--7251", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "12", }
@inproceedings{53e10b2bc4b54c6aaed7e2bfb6c32fac, title = "Role-based visualization of industrial IoT-based systems", abstract = "The competition among manufacturers in the global markets calls for the enhancement of the agility and performance of the production process and the quality of products. As a result, the production systems should be designed in such a way to provide decision makers with visibility and analytics. To fulfill these objectives, the development of information systems in manufacturing industries has intensified in the past few years. On the other hand, the volume of data which is being generated on the shop floor is rising. To improve the efficiency of manufacturing processes, this amount of data should be analyzed by decision makers. To cope with this challenge, advanced visualization is needed to assist users to gain insight into data and make effective decisions faster. This paper describes an approach for building a role-based visualization of industrial IoT. We propose an extendible architecture that anticipates the future growth of data. By using the IoT platform introduced in this paper, selected Key Performance Indicators(KPI) can be monitored by different levels of enterprise. The prototype IoT dashboard has been implemented for a pilot production line 'Festo didactic training line' located in Sein{\"a}joki University of Applied Sciences(SeAMK) and results have been validated.", keywords = "Data Collection, Information Visualization, Internet of Things (IoT)", author = "Mehdi Mahmoodpour and Andrei Lobov and Minna Lanz and Petteri M{\"a}kel{\"a} and Niko Rundas", year = "2018", month = "8", day = "27", doi = "10.1109/MESA.2018.8449183", language = "English", isbn = "9781538646434", booktitle = "2018 14th IEEE/ASME International Conference on Mechatronic and Embedded Systems and Applications, MESA 2018", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{71de51e33d67431d95d677b626a5da75, title = "Round Robin computer simulation of ejection probability in sputtering", abstract = "We have studied the ejection of a copper atom through a planar copper surface as a function of recoil velocity and depth of origin. Results were obtained from six molecular dynamics codes, four binary collision lattice simulation codes, and eight Monte Carlo codes. Most results were found with a Born-Mayer interaction potential between the atoms with Gibson 2 parameters and a planar surface barrier, but variations on this standard were allowed for, as well as differences in the adopted cutoff radius for the interaction potential, electronic stopping, and target temperature. Large differences were found between the predictions of the various codes, but the cause of these differences could be determined in most cases. A fairly clear picture emerges from all three types of codes for the depth range and the angular range for ejection at energies relevant to sputter ejection, although a quantitative discussion would have to include an analysis of replacement collision events which has been left out here.", author = "P. Sigmund and Robinson, {M. T.} and Baskes, {M. I.} and M. Hautala and Cui, {F. Z.} and W. Eckstein and Y. Yamamura and S. Hosaka and T. Ishitani and Shulga, {V. I.} and Harrison, {D. E.} and Chakarov, {I. R.} and Karpuzo, {D. S.} and E. Kawatoh and R. Shimizu and S. Valkealahti and Nieminen, {R. M.} and G. Betz and W. Husinsky and Shapiro, {M. H.} and M. Vicanek and Urbassek, {H. M.}", year = "1989", month = "2", day = "1", doi = "10.1016/0168-583X(89)90573-9", language = "English", volume = "36", pages = "110--123", journal = "NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B: BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS", issn = "0168-583X", publisher = "Elsevier", number = "2", }
@inproceedings{68f75a39a9b64f039ab9a8230e804a36, title = "Routing light with nematicons: Light localization and steering in liquid crystals", abstract = "Liquid crystals in the nematic phase support light self-confinement via reorientational nonlinearity and nonlocality, yielding robust spatial solitons which can trap, switch and route optical signals. We review the major achievements in the field.", author = "Gaetano Assanto and Marco Peccianti and Alessandro Alberucci and Armando Piccardi", year = "2009", doi = "10.1364/IQEC.2009.ITuG1", language = "English", isbn = "9781557528698", pages = "2281--2282", booktitle = "Optics InfoBase Conference Papers", publisher = "Optical Society of America", }
@article{56a9d76ceb1c4dfdbec26d47fb029f8d, title = "Screen-printed curvature sensors for soft robots", abstract = "Castable elastomers have been used to fabricate soft robotic devices and it has been shown that the technique scales well from prototyping to mass manufacturing. However, similarly scalable techniques for integrating strain or curvature sensors into such devices are still lacking. In this paper, we show that screenprinted silver conductors serve well as curvature sensors for soft robotic devices. The sensors are produced onto elastomer substrates in a single printing step and integrated into soft pneumatic actuators. We characterized the resistance-curvature relationship of the sensors, which allows the curvature of the actuators to be estimated from the sensor measurements. Hysteresis was observed, which does limit the absolute accuracy of the sensors. However, temperature characterizations showed that the sensor measurements are not significantly affected by temperature fluctuations during normal operation. Dynamic experiments showed that the bandwidth of the sensors is larger than the bandwidth of the actuators. We experimentally validated that these sensors can be used to detect whether the motion of an actuator has been blocked, clearing the way towards simple-tofabricate soft robots that react to their surroundings. Finally, we demonstrate a three-fingered soft robotic gripper with integrated sensors. We conclude that screen-printing is a promising way to integrate curvature sensors into soft robots.", keywords = "Actuators, Electrical resistance measurement, Flexible printed circuit, Mechanical Sensors, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Silver, Soft robotics, Strain measurement, Temperature measurement", author = "Anastasia Koivikko and Raei, {Ehsan Sadeghian} and Mahmoud Mosallaei and Matti M{\"a}ntysalo and Veikko Sariola", year = "2018", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2017.2765745", language = "English", volume = "18", pages = "223--230", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "1", }
@article{33579b12183345efa36dc804ae8a5627, title = "Secure and connected wearable intelligence for content delivery at a mass event: A case study", abstract = "Presently, smart and connected wearable systems, such as on-body sensors and head-mounted displays, as well as other small form factor but powerful personal computers are rapidly pervading all areas of our life. Motivated by the opportunities that next-generation wearable intelligence is expected to provide, the goal of this work is to build a comprehensive understanding around some of the user-centric security and trust aspects of the emerging wearable and close-to-body wireless systems operating in mass events and under heterogeneous conditions. The paper thus intends to bring the attention of the research community to this emerging paradigm and discuss the pressing security and connectivity challenges within a popular consumer context. Our selected target scenario is that of a sports match, where wearable-equipped users may receive their preferred data over various radio access protocols. We also propose an authentication framework that allows for delivery of the desired content securely within the considered ecosystem.", keywords = "Authentication, Challenges, Mass event, Security, Wearables, WiGig, Wireless", author = "Aleksandr Ometov and Dmitrii Solomitckii and Thomas Olsson and Sergey Bezzateev and Anna Shchesniak and Sergey Andreev and Jarmo Harju and Yevgeni Koucheryavy", year = "2017", month = "6", day = "1", doi = "10.3390/jsan6020005", language = "English", volume = "6", journal = "Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks", issn = "2224-2708", publisher = "MDPI", number = "2", }
@inproceedings{1660eb7f41ae43fc8ef33a2fa22762e3, title = "Secure environmental monitoring for industrial internet of things: From framework to live implementation", abstract = "Worldwide changes in climate and increasing pollution level are tremendously affecting the need for environmental monitoring solutions. Recent activities in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) together with Cloud computing paradigm brought an entirely new perspective on monitoring as part of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, most of the systems developed today are still facing lack of flexibility and security. This work presents the results of prototyping the IIoT wireless environmental monitoring system from both hardware and software sides. The developed mechanisms enable connectivity in infrastructure and mesh-like modes, where each sensor could act as relay allowing for improved node-failure resistance and scalability. Next, the authentication mechanism is proposed to enable transparent migration of any node between different network segments while keeping the overall operation secure. Finally, proof of the concept prototype deployment in real-life conditions shows the potential of metropolitan-scale utilization of the developed system.", keywords = "Authentication, Environmental monitoring, IIoT, Prototype, Security, Sensor network", author = "Sergey Bezzateev and Natalia Voloshina and Konstantin Zhidanov and Aleksandr Ometov", year = "2019", month = "6", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/ICL-GNSS.2019.8752764", language = "English", editor = "Elena-Simona Lohan and Alexander Rugamer and Jari Nurmi and Wolfgang Koch and Albert Heuberger", booktitle = "2019 International Conference on Localization and GNSS, ICL-GNSS 2019", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{d4ae2575e7454e19bd404d2b42dc129f, title = "Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of porphyrin deposited inside solid-core photonic crystal fibre (SCPCF)", abstract = "Photochemical and physical properties of solid-core photonic crystal fibre (SCPCF) modified inside with porphyrin films attached via self-assembled monolayer (SAM) technique are reported. Porphyrins can be utilized to develop different gas sensors.", author = "A. Veselov and A. Efimov and A. Chamorovskiy and O. Okhotnikov and A. Kosolapov and A. Levchenko and H. Lemmetyinen and N. Tkachenko", year = "2011", language = "English", isbn = "9781557529138", booktitle = "Access Networks and In-house Communications, ANIC 2011", }
@article{962880941f084440b25a25e71a7f5a4c, title = "Sensitivity modeling of an RFID-based strain-sensing antenna with dielectric constant change", abstract = "An radiofrequency identification (RFID)-based folded patch antenna has been developed as a novel passive wireless sensor to measure surface strain and crack, for the structural health monitoring of metallic structures. Up to 2.5 m of read range is achieved by a proof-of-concept prototype patch antenna sensor with a strain sensitivity around -760 Hz/μ ε, which is equivalent to a normalized strain sensitivity of -0.74 ppm/μ ε. In this paper, we propose to consider the change of the substrate dielectric constant due to strain when modeling the antenna sensor. An enhanced strain sensitivity model is introduced for more accurately estimating the strain sensing performance of the hereby introduced smart skin antenna sensor. Laboratory experiments are carried out to quantify the dielectric constant change under strain. The measurement results are incorporated into a mechanics-electromagnetics coupled simulation model. Accuracy of the multi-physics coupled simulation is improved by integrating dielectric constant change in the model.", keywords = "antenna sensor, dielectric constant change, Folded patch antenna, RFID sensor, smart skin, strain sensing, structural health monitoring, wireless sensor", author = "Xiaohua Yi and Terence Wu and Yang Wang and Tentzeris, {Manos M.}", year = "2015", month = "11", day = "1", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2015.2453947", language = "English", volume = "15", pages = "6147--6155", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "11", }
@article{413724e56545409ab6a379fa446cf2a0, title = "Sensor Fusion for Unobtrusive Respiratory Rate Estimation in Dogs", abstract = "Respiration is vital to land-dwelling mammals; besides, salient information is encoded in the respiratory rate. Objective assessment of the respiratory rate is difficult in dogs; in particular, if the unobtrusive measurement is desired. The goal of this work was to develop and evaluate a method for unobtrusive sensing of respiratory rate in dogs. For this, the 'FlexPock' multisensor system, originally developed for unobtrusive estimation of heart rate and respiratory rate in humans via magnetic impedance; accelerometry; and optical measurements, was used to assess canine respiratory rate. In a proof-of-concept study with 10 healthy dogs of different breeds and sizes, a total of 240 minutes of data was recorded in the phases standing, sitting, lying down, and walking. An algorithm was developed that estimates the respiratory rate by fusing the information from multiple sensors for increased accuracy and robustness. To discard unusable data, a simple yet effective signal quality metric was introduced. Impedance pneumography recorded using adhesive electrodes was used as a reference. Analysis of the raw FlexPock data revealed that the magnetic impedance and accelerometry were the best individual sensing modalities and fusion of these data further increased the accuracy. Using leave-one-dog-out cross-validation, the average estimation error was 9.5{\%} at a coverage of 50.1{\%}. However, strong variation between dogs and phases was observed. During the walking phase, neither reference nor unobtrusive sensor reported usable results, while the sitting phase exhibited the best performance. In conclusion, the fusion of magnetic impedance and accelerometry can be used for unobtrusive respiratory rate estimation in stationary dogs.", keywords = "animal health management, dogs, monitoring, respiratory rate, Sensor fusion, unobtrusive sensing", author = "Antink, {Christoph Hoog} and Mikko Pirhonen and Heli V{\"a}{\"a}t{\"a}j{\"a} and Sanni Somppi and Heini Tornqvist and Anna Cardo and Daniel Teichmann and Outi Vainio and Veikko Surakka and Antti Vehkaoja", note = "dupl=49134380", year = "2019", month = "8", day = "15", doi = "10.1109/JSEN.2019.2912002", language = "English", volume = "19", pages = "7072--7081", journal = "IEEE Sensors Journal", issn = "1530-437X", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "16", }
@article{45afd50c53ef40cda25a7c4dee4b380e, title = "Separation of Moving Sound Sources Using Multichannel NMF and Acoustic Tracking", abstract = "In this paper we propose a method for separation of moving sound sources. The method is based on first tracking the sources and then estimation of source spectrograms using multichannel non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and extracting the sources from the mixture by single-channel Wiener filtering. We propose a novel multichannel NMF model with time-varying mixing of the sources denoted by spatial covariance matrices (SCM) and provide update equations for optimizing model parameters minimizing squared Frobenius norm. The SCMs of the model are obtained based on estimated directions of arrival of tracked sources at each time frame. The evaluation is based on established objective separation criteria and using real recordings of two and three simultaneous moving sound sources. The compared methods include conventional beamforming and ideal ratio mask separation. The proposed method is shown to exceed the separation quality of other evaluated blind approaches according to all measured quantities. Additionally, we evaluate the method's susceptibility towards tracking errors by comparing the separation quality achieved using annotated ground truth source trajectories.", keywords = "acoustic source tracking, Acoustics, Array signal processing, Direction-of-arrival estimation, Estimation, Mathematical model, microphone arrays, Microphones, moving sound sources, Sound source separation, Spectrogram, time-varying mixing model", author = "Joonas Nikunen and Aleksandr Diment and Tuomas Virtanen", year = "2018", doi = "10.1109/TASLP.2017.2774925", language = "English", volume = "26", pages = "281--295", journal = "Ieee-Acm transactions on audio speech and language processing", issn = "2329-9290", publisher = "IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC", number = "2", }
@article{89c605f94bde42cea79ad445b33786b0, title = "Sequential Collinear Photofragmentation and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Online Laser Monitoring of Triatomic Metal Species", abstract = "Industrial chemical processes are struggling with adverse effects, such as corrosion and deposition, caused by gaseous alkali and heavy metal species. Mitigation of these problems requires novel monitoring concepts that provide information on gas-phase chemistry. However, selective optical online monitoring of the most problematic diatomic and triatomic species is challenging due to overlapping spectral features. In this work, a selective, all-optical, in situ gas-phase monitoring technique for triatomic molecules containing metallic atoms was developed and demonstrated with detection of PbCl2. Sequential collinear photofragmentation and atomic absorption spectroscopy (CPFAAS) enables determination of the triatomic PbCl2 concentration through detection of released Pb atoms after two consecutive photofragmentation processes. Absorption cross-sections of PbCl2, PbCl, and Pb were determined experimentally in a laboratory-scale reactor to enable calibration-free quantitative determination of the precursor molecule concentration in an arbitrary environment. Limit of detection for PbCl2 in the laboratory reactor was determined to be 0.25 ppm. Furthermore, the method was introduced for in situ monitoring of PbCl2 concentration in a 120 MWth power plant using demolition wood as its main fuel. In addition to industrial applications, the method can provide information on chemical reaction kinetics of the intermediate species that can be utilized in reaction simulations.", keywords = "absorption, combustion, kinetics, lead, photofragmentation", author = "Jan Viljanen and Kim Kalmankoski and Victor Contreras and Sarin, {Jaakko K.} and Tapio Sorvaj{\"a}rvi and Hanna Kinnunen and Sonja Enestam and Juha Toivonen", note = "INT=phys,{"}Kalmankoski, Kim{"} INT=phys,{"}Sarin, Jaakko K.{"}", year = "2020", month = "1", day = "18", doi = "10.3390/s20020533", language = "English", volume = "20", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "2", }
@inproceedings{6c99106e0c19462c947bf82ae4ecdeb3, title = "Single KTiOPO4 nanocrystals for nonlinear probing of local optical fields and interaction with a metallic nanostructure", author = "{Le Xuan}, L. and A. Slablab and C. Zhou and D. Chauvat and {De Wilde}, Y. and S. Perruchas and C. Tard and T. Gacoin and P. Villeval and Roch, {J. F.}", year = "2009", language = "English", isbn = "9781424440801", booktitle = "Optics InfoBase Conference Papers", publisher = "Optical Society of America", }
@inproceedings{6c6cbf3abb36420098bd301af356a128, title = "Soliton self-deflection via power-dependent walk-off", abstract = "We demonstrate and model power-dependent self-bending of spatial solitons in nematic liquid crystals. The deflection is explained by nonlinear changes in walk-off, as induced by the rotation of the optic axis via reorientation.", author = "Armando Piccardi and Alessandro Alberucci and Gaetano Assanto", year = "2010", doi = "10.1364/NP.2010.NMD1", language = "English", isbn = "9781557528964", booktitle = "Optics InfoBase Conference Papers", }
@inproceedings{7b22612f3a7344659b985d3b465fd8f5, title = "Spatial solitons carrying phase singularities in nematic liquid crystals", abstract = "We demonstrate self-trapped laser beams carrying optical vortices in nematic liquid crystals. We experimentally observe astigmatic transformations of vortex beams into spiralling dipole azimuthons accompanied by a nontrivial power-dependent charge-flipping of on-axis phase dislocations.", author = "Izdebskaya, {Yana V.} and Desyatnikov, {Anton S.} and Gaetano Assanto and Yuri Kivshar", year = "2011", language = "English", isbn = "9780977565771", pages = "444--445", booktitle = "Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Pacific Rim, CLEOPR 2011", }
@inproceedings{e115df0ed47945538030b47685948b6f, title = "Spatial solitons in a self-focusing medium with tunable nonlinearity", abstract = "We employ a suitably designed planar cell with inter-digitated electrodes and nematic liquid crystals to investigate the role of nonlinearity in generation and propagation of spatial solitons.", author = "Armando Piccardi and Alessandro Alberucci and Gaetano Assanto and Malgosia Kaczmarek", year = "2011", doi = "10.1364/NLO.2011.NWE7", language = "English", isbn = "9781557529152", booktitle = "Optics InfoBase Conference Papers", }
@article{5d211405dd944f4aaaaef4aefd862b8d, title = "Spectral object recognition in hyperspectral holography with complex-domain denoising", abstract = "In this paper, we have applied a recently developed complex-domain hyperspectral denoiser for the object recognition task, which is performed by the correlation analysis of investigated objects’ spectra with the fingerprint spectra from the same object. Extensive experiments carried out on noisy data from digital hyperspectral holography demonstrate a significant enhancement of the recognition accuracy of signals masked by noise, when the advanced noise suppression is applied.", keywords = "Hyperspectral imaging, Noise filtering, Noise in imaging systems, Singular value decomposition, Sparse representation", author = "Igor Shevkunov and Vladimir Katkovnik and Daniel Claus and Giancarlo Pedrini and Petrov, {Nikolay V.} and Karen Egiazarian", year = "2019", month = "11", day = "26", doi = "10.3390/s19235188", language = "English", volume = "19", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "23", }
@article{d522c967a5ff4c4e9bf0c26431683d90, title = "Statistical evaluation of barkhausen noise testing (BNT) for ground samples", abstract = "Barkhausen noise testing (BNT) is a nondestructive method for investigating many properties of ferromagnetic materials. The most common application is the monitoring of grinding burns caused by introducing locally high temperatures while grinding. Other features, such as microstructure, residual stress changes, hardening depth, and so forth, can be monitored as well. Nevertheless, because BNT is a method based on a complex magnetoelectric phenomenon, it is not yet standardized. Therefore, there is a need to study the traceability and stability of the measurement method. This study aimed to carry out a statistical analysis of ferromagnetic samples after grinding processes by the use of BNT. The first part of the experiment was to grind samples in different facilities (Sweden and Finland) with similar grinding parameters, different grinding wheels, and different hardness values. The second part was to evaluate measured BNT parameters to determine significant factors affecting BNT signal value. The measurement data from the samples were divided into two different batches according to where they were manufactured. Both grinding batches contained measurement data from three different participants. The main feature for calculation was the root-mean-square (RMS) value. The first processing step was to normalize the RMS values for all the measurements. A standard analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for the normalized dataset. The ANOVA showed that the grinding parameters had a significant impact on the BNT signal value, while the other investigated factors (e.g., participant) were negligible. The reasons for this are discussed at the end of the paper.", keywords = "ANOVA, Barkhausen noise testing (BNT), Proficiency test, Uncertainty", author = "Robert Tomkowski and Aki Sorsa and Suvi Santa-Aho and Per Lundin and Minnamari Vippola", year = "2019", month = "11", day = "1", doi = "10.3390/s19214716", language = "English", volume = "19", journal = "Sensors", issn = "1424-8220", publisher = "MDPI", number = "21", }
@inproceedings{0890769c058048b2ba62c4b2fdca859d, title = "Strain Reliability of Embroidered Passive UHF RFID Tags on 3D-printed Substrates", abstract = "Flexible electronics is an emerging field where the electronic components, antennas, and interconnections can endure significant mechanical stresses. This paper presents the fabrication and strain reliability evaluation of embroidered passive UHF RFID tags on 3D-printed (NinjaFlex) substrates. Based on the achieved results, these wireless platforms can withstand increases up to 14 {\%} in length and remain functional. These preliminary results are promising, considering the current trend towards flexible and stretchable electronics structures.", keywords = "3D Printing, embroidery, flexible electronics, NinjaFlex, passive RFID, strain reliability, stretchable electronics", author = "Zahangir Khan and Muhammad Rizwan and Riku Rusanen and Leena Ukkonen and Johanna Virkki", year = "2019", month = "3", day = "1", language = "English", booktitle = "13th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2019", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{95fe91df0e0b4a7bb4838e01b8c6d244, title = "Structural characterization, spectroscopic, thermal, AC conductivity and dielectric properties and antimicrobial studies of (C8H12N)2[SnCl6]", abstract = "A new inorganic-organic hybrid material produced from 2,6-dimethylanilinium cations and tin halide (SnCl6)2− has been synthesized and structurally determined by X-ray diffraction method. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/m with a = 19.8772(4), b = 6.9879(1), c = 8.3001(2) {\AA}, β = 98.487(2)° and V = 1140.26(4) {\AA}3. The crystal structure is built up of sheets of (SnCl6)2− octahedral anions and 2,6-xylidinium cations. The optical band gap was calculated and found to be 4.11 eV. At high temperature this compound exhibits a structural phase transition at 338 K. This has been characterized by differential scanning calorimetric and dielectric studies. Measurements of AC conductivity as a function of frequency at different temperatures indicated the hopping conduction mechanism. The bioassay results showed that the structure exhibits significant antibacterial activity.", keywords = "antibacterial activity, Crystal structure, fluorescent properties, phase transition, spectroscopies", author = "Maha Mathlouthi and Arto Valkonen and Mohamed Rzaigui and Wajda Smirani", year = "2017", doi = "10.1080/01411594.2016.1212194", language = "English", volume = "90", pages = "399--414", journal = "PHASE TRANSITIONS", issn = "0141-1594", publisher = "Taylor & Francis", number = "4", }
@inproceedings{a6f4906858e84fbb83649504f94ea33a, title = "Texture region detection by trained neural network", abstract = "In this paper we consider an important practical aspect of texture region detection in remote sensing images. One specific feature of our study is that we assume a processed image noisy with a priori known type and parameters of the noise. Another specific feature is that we try to detect textural regions for a wide variety of textures without having a priori knowledge of their properties. The considered task is solved by means of trained neural networks. In the paper, we analyze the aspects of choosing input local parameters used in detection (recognition) and carrying out training. The verification results provide valuable conclusions for these aspects.", keywords = "image, noise, remote sensing, texture detection", author = "A. Naumenko and S. Krivenko and V. Lukin and Karen Egiazarian", note = "EXT={"}Lukin, V.{"}", year = "2016", month = "8", day = "9", doi = "10.1109/MSMW.2016.7538174", language = "English", booktitle = "9th International Kharkiv Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves, MSMW 2016", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{4f4dc58e193b4c72acbf90f762cf35c7, title = "The educators' telescope to the future of technology", abstract = "We live in a world of accelerating changes, where technology plays an important role as an enabler. Looking ahead means being prepared for these changes. Preparedness may be reactive - reacting to the situation at the moment something happens; proactive - being prepared in advance for a situation that may happen; or preactive - being able in advance to affect something that may happen in the future and how it happens. Forecasting the future helps us to be prepared for new situations. It is based on making predictions that are derived from understanding past and present data. Known data is organized in the form of trends and further extrapolated to cover the future. From the technical point of view, there are a variety of approaches for forecasting: algorithmic, simulation, statistical analysis etc. The methods used may be quantitative (future data is seen as a function of past data) or qualitative (subjective, based on the opinion or judgment of the target group used in the analysis). Technology is an essential part of education, both in supporting effective learning and as a content of teaching itself. As a result, every educator needs skills to analyze the future of relevant technologies. In this paper, we introduce a framework that can be used in analysis of the importance of technological changes in education and as a part of curricula. The approach is based on trend analysis and classification of the relevant technologies to take into account the time span of their effects in society. The question we answer in this paper is How can an educator analyze the consequences of technological changes in their work?.", author = "H. Jaakkola and J. Henno and B. Thalheim and J. M{\"a}kel{\"a}", year = "2017", month = "7", day = "10", doi = "10.23919/MIPRO.2017.7973506", language = "English", pages = "660--665", booktitle = "2017 40th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics, MIPRO 2017 - Proceedings", publisher = "IEEE", }
@inproceedings{0d4d100be96542639203c8f0cb32242b, title = "Theory of near-IR metatronic nanocircuits using transparent conducting oxides (TCO)", abstract = "We theoretically investigate TCO nanorods functioning as optical nanocircuits in NIR regimes. Using the circuit theory and FDTD simulations, we explore the nanoscale circuit element functionalities controlled by the polarization of incident E-field.", author = "Humeyra Caglayan and Nader Engheta", note = "EXT={"}Caglayan, Humeyra{"}", year = "2011", doi = "10.1364/FIO.2011.FTuG2", language = "English", isbn = "9781557529176", booktitle = "Frontiers in Optics 2011", publisher = "Optical Society of America", }
@inproceedings{ea995c9d69de4b699c7c3a735bee4daf, title = "The variation of air and surface temperatures in London within a 1km grid using vehicle-transect and ASTER data", abstract = "Urbanisation can modify the local climate, increasing the temperature of cities compared to rural areas. This phenomenon is known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI), and this paper introduces a methodology to investigate the spatial variability of air and surface temperatures across London. In particular, this study aims to investigate if a widely used spatial resolution (1 km) is appropriate for heat-related health risk studies. Data from vehicle-transect and ASTER thermal images were overlaid on a reference grid of 1 km, used by UHI simulation models. The results showed higher variability of air temperature within some specific modelled grid cells in the city centre, while surface temperatures presented higher variability in the London borders. This investigation suggests that LST has larger variation levels and more grid cells with sub-grid variation above 1°C compared to air temperature measurements.", author = "{Dos Santos}, {Rochelle Schneider} and Jonathon Taylor and Michael Davies and Anna Mavrogianni and James Milner", year = "2017", month = "5", day = "10", doi = "10.1109/JURSE.2017.7924613", language = "English", series = "2017 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event, JURSE 2017", publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.", booktitle = "2017 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event, JURSE 2017", address = "United States", }
@inproceedings{4cbb6d1c87014a4295fc82b8b56f2997, title = "Third harmonic generation enhancement in nematic liquid crystals via nonlocal solitons propagation", abstract = "We demonstrate type I third harmonic generation enhanced by the tight localization of fs laser light in nonlocal spatial solitons excited in nematic liquid crystals.", author = "M. Peccianti and A. Pasquazi and G. Assanto and R. Morandotti", year = "2011", language = "English", isbn = "9781557529107", booktitle = "CLEO: Science and Innovations, CLEO_SI 2011", }
@article{88a76899c9cd486fa886bda29301df9a, title = "Third order nonlinear optical response of TTF-based molecular corners", abstract = "Comparative study of the nonlinear optical response of pyrrolo- tetrathiafulvalene polygons has been carried out. These materials are of great importance for photonics, because they can be used as building blocks for more complicated molecular systems like rotaxanes, catenanes which are promising candidates for opto-electronic applications like optical computing, optical switching etc. During this work the third order nonlinear susceptibility (X (3)) has been determined by the Degenerate Four Wave Mixing experiment, while the imaginary part of the X (3), which is related with the nonlinear absorption was determined by {"}open-aperture{"} Z-scan measurements. Moreover measurements have been carried out in order to provide information about the optical limiting efficiency of the materials. High X (3) has been found reaching 2.30 × 10 -21 m 2/V 2, corresponding to second order hyperpolarizability γ values of about 6.5 × 10 -45 m 5/V 2.", keywords = "Degenerate four wave mixing (DFWM), Nonlinear optical response, TTF derivatives, Z-scan", author = "Konstantinos Iliopoulos and Robert Czaplicki and Ouazzani, {Hasnaa El} and Jean-Yves Balandier and Marcos Chas and S{\'e}bastien Goeb and Marc Sall{\'e} and Denis Gindre and Bouchta Sahraoui", year = "2012", language = "English", volume = "43", pages = "205--212", journal = "Nonlinear Optics, Quantum Optics", issn = "1543-0537", publisher = "Old City Publishing", number = "1-4", }
@inproceedings{9a358315056a4be48a59df4b16531add, title = "Today is the future of yesterday; What is the future of today?", abstract = "In the educational context, understanding the future is important for two reasons. First, we are educating people for future tasks, which need skills that are useful in the future. Secondly, educators have to be able to select the most promising tools and technologies to apply in their work. The problem is that there is no clear way to weigh the importance of the alternatives - what the real importance of a certain technology will be in the near future and especially in the long term. In our paper, we focus on analyzing selected technologies. Our approach applies the framework developed by the authors. The promising technologies are reviewed by a systematic literature study, focusing on and restricted to the information and communication technology (ICT) sector. The findings are classified according to their importance and the time span of their effectiveness. The question we answer is What should every educator know about changes in technology?", author = "H. Jaakkola and J. Henno and J. M{\"a}kel{\"a} and B. Thalheim", year = "2017", month = "7", day = "10", doi = "10.23919/MIPRO.2017.7973502", language = "English", pages = "635--643", booktitle = "2017 40th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics, MIPRO 2017 - Proceedings", publisher = "IEEE", }
@article{75f7320e845d4475a7e5a19ad3d2c58a, title = "Tuning plasmon induced reflectance with hybrid metasurfaces", abstract = "Electrically tunable metasurfaces with graphene offer design flexibility to efficiently manipulate and control light. These metasurfaces can be used to generate plasmon-induced reflectance (PIR), which can be tuned by electrostatic doping of the graphene layer. We numerically investigated two designs for tunable PIR devices using the finite difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The first design is based on two rectangular antennas of the same size and a disk; in the second design, two parallel rectangular antennas with different dimensions are used. The PIR-effect was achieved by weak hybridization of two bright modes in both devices and tuned by changing the Fermi level of graphene. A total shift of 362 nm was observed in the design with the modulation depth of 53{\%} and a spectral contrast ratio of 76{\%}. These tunable PIR devices can be used for tunable enhanced biosensing and switchable systems.", keywords = "Plasmonics, Surface plasmon, Tunable metasurfaces", author = "Mohsin Habib and Ekmel Ozbay and Humeyra Caglayan", year = "2019", doi = "10.3390/photonics6010029", language = "English", volume = "6", journal = "Photonics", issn = "2304-6732", publisher = "MDPI", number = "1", }
@inproceedings{df96684d50e74635b9a84b6201f50cea, title = "User Positioning in mmW 5G Networks Using Beam-RSRP Measurements and Kalman Filtering", abstract = "In this paper, we exploit the 3D-beamforming features of multiantenna equipment employed in fifth generation (5G) networks, operating in the millimeter wave (mmW) band, for accurate positioning and tracking of users. We consider sequential estimation of users' positions, and propose a two-stage extended Kalman filter (EKF) that is based on reference signal received power (RSRP) measurements. In particular, beamformed downlink (DL) reference signals (RSs) are transmitted by multiple base stations (BSs) and measured by user equipments (UEs) employing receive beamforming. The so-obtained beam-RSRP (BRSRP) measurements are reported to the BSs where the corresponding directions of departure (DoDs) are sequentially estimated by a novel EKF. Such angle estimates from multiple BSs are subsequently fused on a central entity into 3D position estimates of UEs by means of another (second-stage) EKF. The proposed positioning scheme is scalable since the computational burden is shared among different network entities, namely transmission/reception points (TRPs) and 5G-NR Node B (gNB), and may be accomplished with the signalling currently specified for 5G. We assess the performance of the proposed algorithm on a realistic outdoor 5G deployment with a detailed ray tracing propagation model based on the METIS Madrid map. Numerical results with a system operating at 39 GHz show that sub-meter 3D positioning accuracy is achievable in future mmW 5G networks.", keywords = "5G networks, beamforming, direction-of-departure, extended Kalman filter, line-of-sight, localization, location-awareness, positioning, RSRP, tracking", author = "Elizaveta Rastorgueva-Foi and M{\'a}rio Costa and Mike Koivisto and Kari Lepp{\"a}nen and Mikko Valkama", year = "2018", month = "9", day = "5", doi = "10.23919/ICIF.2018.8455289", language = "English", isbn = "978-1-5386-4330-3", pages = "1150--1156", booktitle = "2018 21st International Conference on Information Fusion, FUSION 2018", publisher = "IEEE", }