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An electrode for an image forming apparatus, the electrode including: an elastically deformable spring portion that is formed in a cylindrical shape by spirally winding a wire; a ring portion that is an electrical contact portion having an annular shape and provided to one end side of the spring portion in an axial direction of the spring portion, the ring portion being formed by winding the wire around a center line, which intersects with the axial direction of the spring portion, at least twice; an inner portion that is formed by the wire forming the ring portion and is positioned at an inside of the ring portion; and an outer portion that is formed by the wire forming the ring portion and is positioned at an outside of the ring portion.

An end member for a gas spring assembly is dimensioned to receivingly engage an end of a flexible wall. The end member can be formed from polymeric material and can include a side wall receiving the end of the flexible wall. The end member can also include a base wall extending transverse to the side wall and dimensioned to abuttingly engage a jounce bumper of the gas spring assembly. The end member can include a mounting ridge or a mounting channel for engaging an associated structural component. A gas spring assembly including such an end member is also included.

An example mount assembly includes a first chamber, at least partially defined by a first elastomeric element and a second chamber, at least partially defined by a second elastomeric element. The assembly also includes an inertia track having a central opening defining an axis. The inertia track defines a serpentine passage in fluid communication with the first chamber and the second chamber. The inertia track is moveable along the axis relative to the first elastomeric element and the second elastomeric element.

A spring comprising a spring itself and end seat plates and a mount. In the spring seat plates are mechanically connected (constantly, variably, or actuable to connect) to each other and to the mount, so when a force or moment is applied to one of those seat plates its movement induce the movement of other seat plate as well, changing the total movement of the spring. Furthermore, there are provided mechanical means (a cams, a gears, a levers etc.) for changing the linkage between the end seat plates and the mount, which result in increasing, remaining the same (constant spring) or decreasing the spring constant. So, the spring constant of the spring can be controlled as to be adjustable.

A vibration isolator includes an inner tube (11), an outer tube (12) surrounding the inner tube (11) from a radial outer side of the inner tube, and an elastic body (13) coupling the inner tube (11) and the outer tube (12). Multiple pressure-absorbing fluid chambers (35, 36), whose walls are partly formed by the elastic body (13), are disposed inside the outer tube (12), and include a pair of first pressure-absorbing fluid chambers (35) interconnected through first restricting passages (37), and a second pressure-absorbing fluid chamber (36) connected to an auxiliary fluid chamber (28), in which a fluid is filled, through a second restricting passage. The pair of first pressure-absorbing fluid chambers (35) are disposed to sandwich the inner tube (11) therebetween. The second pressure-absorbing fluid chamber (36) is arranged in parallel to the inner tube (11) in an orthogonal direction (C) perpendicular to both an axial direction of the inner tube (11) and a sandwiching direction (B) in which the inner tube (11) is sandwiched between the pair of first pressure-absorbing fluid chambers (35). The inner tube (11) runs along overall lengths of the pair of first pressure-absorbing fluid chambers (35) and the second pressure-absorbing fluid chamber (36) in the axial direction.

An air spring for a vehicle suspension includes a resilient spring body that is partially surrounded by a protective cover. The protective cover protects the resilient spring body from rupturing when used in harsh vehicle conditions. The protective cover is comprised of a rigid or flexible armor material that is resistive to munitions, such as projectiles and razor wire, for example.

A strut including a housing, a plunger within a space in the housing and including a tapered outer circumferential surface, a primary spring engaged with the housing, a wedge element within the space and including a tapered inner circumferential surface engageable with the outer circumferential surface, and a secondary spring engaged with the wedge element and the plunger to urge the plunger in an axial direction. The primary spring urges the plunger in the axial direction with a first force. In a fully extended mode, the plunger is maximally displaced in the axial direction. In a contracted mode, the plunger is displaced in an opposite axial direction in response to application of a second force, sufficiently greater than the first force, on the plunger in the opposite axial direction. When the second force is sufficiently decreased, the plunger displaces with respect to the housing in the axial direction.

An active mount structure may include an actuator coupled to an actuator plate coupled to an orifice plate within a housing, wherein the actuator includes a plunger coupled to the actuator plate, a first rod rotatably coupled to a bottom of the plunger and rotated by a first motor unit, wherein the first rod includes a rotating shaft rotatably coupled to the plunger, one side of the rotating shaft extending to form an extending portion, and a rotation retention portion formed at the extending portion, a swash plate defining a center hole therein and having shaft protrusions, wherein the first rod may be disposed in the center hole and the rotation retention portion may be engaged to the swash plate, and a second rod engaged at the swash plate and raised or lowered by a second motor unit, wherein the shaft protrusions may be rotatably coupled to the housing.

An anti-vibration rubber member includes: a rubber elastic body that is made of a self-lubricating rubber containing an elastomer and a bleeding lubricant; a coating film that covers at least a portion of a sliding inner surface that is among a surface of the rubber elastic body and disposed on an inner side of the sliding surface, contains a resin having a mercapto group, is deformable to follow up deformation of the rubber elastic body, and is formed with a plurality of minute holes capable of reserving the bleeding lubricant which has oozed out of the rubber elastic body; and a lubricating film that covers at least a portion of a surface of the coating film, is formed to include the bleeding lubricant penetrating the coating film from the rubber elastic body and oozing onto the surface of the coating film, and forms at least a portion of the sliding surface.

An electronic active mount capable of a bidirectional control includes a core positioned inside a housing and connected to an engine. A main rubber is configured to connect the core and the housing. An upper orifice is coupled to an end of the main rubber to form an upper fluid chamber. A membrane is coupled to be moved up and down is connected to a lower orifice. A lower housing is formed at a central portion of the lower orifice, and a diaphragm is spaced apart from the lower orifice at a predetermined distance, which may attenuate vibration by using two electromagnets provided in an electronic mount.

An engine mount assembly is provided for mounting an engine to a vehicle frame. The engine mount assembly includes an elastomeric material snubber element having a generally elongated configuration with axial end faces and a coaxial bolt passage defined therethrough. A tubular sleeve has an inner shape sized for sliding receipt of the snubber element therein. The tubular sleeve has a longitudinal cross-sectional profile such that a bottom longitudinal cross-sectional portion of the tubular sleeve extends axially beyond the end faces of the snubber element and defines an enlarged attachment footprint for the tubular sleeve to a vehicle frame flange.

A fuel cell stack and a compression system for providing compressive force to a fuel cell stack having first and second ends is provided. The compression system includes asymmetric leaf springs operatively connected to first and second ends of the fuel cell stack. Each leaf spring includes a slot having first and second connector positions. The compression system also includes tension members connected to the leaf springs. The tension members compress the leaf springs to provide a compressive load to the fuel cell stack.

A lift kit for the suspension strut of a Quad ATV cycle including an upstanding sleeve with an upper edge with a collar of reduced diameter defining an upwardly facing annular shoulder at a bottom of the collar, a shock absorber inserted in the sleeve, a washer sitting on the annular shoulder and a coil spring sitting on the washer where the lift kit includes a sleeve member having a bottom collar and an upstanding portion therefrom where the bottom collar has an exterior surface with a diameter greater than that of the upstanding portion and a nut engaged onto the male screw thread on the and being movable to different set portions of a top surface of the nut along the male screw thread on the upstanding portion, the nut having an upper face supporting a bottom of the spring.

A vibration damping device including: an inner shaft member; a main rubber elastic body fixed to an outer circumference surface of the inner shaft member; and an outer bracket attached to an outer circumference surface of the main rubber elastic body. At least one locking projection formed to an inner circumference surface on a bracket main unit provided to the outer bracket is inserted and locked in a circumference direction in at least one locking groove formed on the outer circumference surface of the main rubber elastic body. The main rubber elastic body is held between axially opposed surfaces of an abutting protruding part formed on one axial end of the bracket main unit and a retaining protruding part formed on a press fit metal fitting press fit and fixed to another axial end of the bracket main unit.

A vibration damping mechanism allows increase of an absorption amount of vibration energy, with less possibilities of increase in the manufacture cost of a vibration damping weight and of reduction in the strength of a shaft section. Within a cylindrical hollow portion formed inside the shaft section, there are accommodated a plurality of weight members divided from each other along the circumferential direction about the axis of the hollow portion. An urging member is provided for urging the weight members toward the axis such that dividing faces of adjacent weight members are brought into surface contact with each other.

A system is provided that includes a remote communication module, a control module, and a determination module. The remote communication module is configured to be disposed onboard a remote consist of a vehicle system, and is communicatively connected to at least one additional consist of the vehicle system. The control module is configured to be disposed onboard the remote consist and to provide control commands to at least one powered unit of the remote consist. The determination module is configured to be disposed onboard the remote consist and to determine capability information corresponding to the ability of the at least one powered unit of the remote consist to perform a first command received from one of the at least one additional consist. The determination module is also configured to determine a second command provided to the control module using the first command and the capability information.

A reverse coil head coil and innerspring has a generally cylindrical and helical wire form coil body and opposing coil ends which terminate on opposite sides of a reference plane that passes through the coil body. The reverse coil head coils are interconnected in a matrix to form an innerspring wherein only one terminal end of each coil is located at a perimeter of the innerspring. Variations in the number and pitch of helical turns of the coil body are also disclosed.

A switchable, hydraulic damping mount includes a work chamber filled with hydraulic fluid and a compensation chamber connected to the work chamber via a channel. A partition wall mutually separates the chambers. A ferromagnetic diaphragm is arranged in the partition wall and is deflectable. An electromagnetic switching actuator has a deenergized state and an energized state and controls the diaphragm. The switching actuator applies a magnetic holding force to the diaphragm and fixes the diaphragm in a rest position when the switching actuator is in the deenergized state and reduces the magnetic holding force to such an extent that the diaphragm is enabled for movement in the longitudinal direction of the mount when the switching actuator is in the energized state.

In a curved spring configured to generate, based on a relative approaching displacement of the one-side bearing section and the other-side bearing section in an approach/separation direction, an urging force in a separation direction in which a one-side bearing section and an other-side bearing section are separated from each other, a linear elastic body is provided to extend on a closed curve, which includes a one-side portion arranged along a circumferential direction of the one-side bearing section and an other-side portion arranged along a circumferential direction of the other-side bearing section, and to constitute elastic sections of two lines between the one-side portion and the other-side portion.

An elastic suspension hinge for an automobile, to be fastened to a fastening portion of a structure of the automobile via a clamping mechanism including a fastening element, the hinge being of type that includes an inner sleeve. At least one of the ends of the inner sleeve is configured to engage by conical fitting with the free end of a bushing rigidly connected to the fastening portion of the structure and having a longitudinal passage.

A suspension system for a heavy duty truck or trailer is disclosed as having a frame and including a first swing arm having a first elongated portion and a first mounting member having a central axis and coupled to the first elongated portion. The suspension assembly also includes a second swing arm including a second elongated portion and a second mounting member having a central axis and coupled to the second elongated portion. The second mounting member is coaxially aligned with the first mounting member to define an axis of rotation for the first swing arm and the second swing arm. The suspension assembly finally includes a connector coupled to at least one of the first mounting member and the second mounting member and a sway bar having a central axis, wherein the sway bar is coupled to the first swing arm and the second swing arm and positioned such that the central axis of the sway bar is coaxially aligned with the axis of rotation for the first swing arm and the second swing arm.

Disclosed herein is an active mount including a housing surrounding components within the active mount and providing and outer surface, and a core disposed at an inside upper portion of the housing inside having an upper portion protruding outward from the housing. Additionally, an insulator is connected to a lower portion of the core and extends radially outward. An actuating mechanism is disposed at a predetermined distance from a lower portion of the insulator and includes a vertically movable center. A driving unit is disposed horizontally outside of the actuating mechanism and is configured to apply a force for vertically moving the center of the actuating mechanism.

An excellent liquid-filled vibration damping device is provided, which is capable of effectively suppressing cavitation, which may otherwise cause abnormal noises, without impairing a vibration damping effect. The inventive liquid-filled vibration damping device includes a liquid-filled space partitioned into a primary liquid chamber and a secondary liquid chamber communicating with each other through an orifice, a molded vulcanized rubber member which defines at least a part of the liquid-filled space, and a first retention member and a second retention member retaining the molded vulcanized rubber member. Liquid (P) to be sealingly contained in the liquid-filled space comprises a polar organic solvent as a major component, and not less than 0.2 cm3 of a gas per 1 cm3 of the liquid as measured at an ordinary temperature at an atmospheric pressure is dissolved in the liquid.

The present invention concerns a handheld working tool comprising a motor part (10), a handle part (20) comprising a handle grip (21), and at least one first type antivibration element (30) arranged between said motor part (10) and said handle part (20), and which element (30) is adapted to isolate the handle part (20) from vibrations in the motor part (10). The working tool (1) is characterized in that it further comprises at least one second type antivibration element (40) arranged adjacent to the first type antivibration element (30). The at least one second type antivibration element (40) is adapted to, when in an active state, prevent vibrations in the motor part (10) from being transferred to the handle grip (21). The second antivibration element (40) is in the active state when the handle grip (21) is loaded during operation of the working tool (1). The working tool is further characterized in that a longitudinal axis (L1) of the second type antivibration element (40) is separated from a longitudinal axis (L2) of the first type antivibration element (30).

The suspension bump stop device comprises a rolling bearing (44) that forms an axial bump stop, equipped with an upper ring (46), with a lower ring (48) and with a plurality of rolling elements positioned between the rings, the upper and lower rings being supported respectively by an upper cup (40) and a lower cup (42), the lower cup forming a bearing means for a suspension spring (18), at least one sealing lip being provided on one of the cups so that it bears against a bearing surface portion of the other cup. The bearing surface portion is substantially cylindrical, the sealing lip being directed downwards away from the rolling bearing and bearing with radial interference against the said surface portion, the said substantially cylindrical surface portion being connected towards the top to a shoulder against which the lip can bear if the two cups become radially eccentric relative to one another.

Coil, tube, and other structures configured with a plurality of individual coils, internal structures, legs or extensions with each having multiple cants per coil, internal structure, leg or extension, and wherein the cants formed therein allow for a load-deflection force when each is compressed. In addition, any horizontal or moment forces are substantially reduced and/or eliminated when a downward vertical force is applied, as minimal or no torsion is created in the individual coils, legs or extensions.

Provided is a vibration isolation device such that weight reduction can be achieved and it is possible to simplify the structure of a resin molding die for molding the bracket member. Engagement in a direction where the external member (60) slips out of the bracket member (30) occurs in a structure achieved in such a way that a pair of first wall section parts (62) of the external member (60) are installed inside the bracket member (30). As a result, it is possible to curb a situation where, as in the case of conventional vibration damping devices, undercut shapes are formed. Consequently, it is possible to simplify the structure of the resin molding die for molding the bracket member (30). Furthermore, as regards the external member (60), a portion between the leg sections (50), which form a pair, is omitted, and therefore, weight can be reduced correspondingly.

A post-formation filling type fluid filled vibration damping device wherein a first communication groove, which interconnects a plurality of through holes, is formed in a partition member that separates a pressure receiving chamber and an equilibrium chamber, the groove being formed in a surface of the partition member that opposes a flexible membrane. In addition, a second communication groove, which connects an orifice passage and at least one of the plurality of through holes, is formed in the surface of the partition member that opposes the flexible membrane.

A seat height adjusting apparatus for a vehicle includes an air spring configured to raise or lower a seat of the vehicle, a control valve connected to the air spring and configured to selectively supply air to the air spring, a push rod configured to selectively press an air injection pin or an air discharge pin of the control valve, an arm rod fastened to the push rod and configured to rotate the push rod, a height adjusting cable fastened to one side of the arm rod and configured to rotate the arm rod, and a height adjusting lever configured to move the height adjusting cable in one direction.

A technique provides a component actuation system in a space efficient form. A movable actuator member may be positioned within a corresponding housing in a manner which forms an annulus between the movable actuator member and the surrounding wall of the housing. A spring is located in the annulus and is designed such that the spring extends part way along a circumference of the actuator member to create an open annular region between circumferential ends of the spring. The open annular region provides space for a system related component without requiring additional longitudinal or radial space.

In a damper for spin-drying washing machines, it is provided, with a view to amplitude-dependent damping behaviour being obtained accompanied with manufacture at a low cost, that a frictional damping unit, which is disposed inside a casing, comprises an at least sectionally bare and elastic frictional damping lining for producing a given frictional damping effect, and at least one stop element which is stationary in relation to the casing and turned towards the at least one frictional damping lining, with the at least one stop element being designed for direct cooperation with the at least one frictional damping lining.

A vehicle is disclosed. The vehicle may include a base portion and a modular portion. The base portion may be a four wheel vehicle having an operator area with seating for at least two occupants in a side-by-side arrangement. The modular portion may be coupled to the base portion resulting in a six wheel vehicle. The wheels of the modular portion may be powered by an engine of the base portion.

A shock absorber includes an elastomeric jounce bumper which engages a jounce bumper cap during relatively large compression movements of the shock absorber. The jounce bumper cap includes a jounce bumper nose retaining feature which engages the nose of the jounce bumper during the compression movements. The jounce bumper nose retaining feature restricts sliding movement of the elastomeric jounce bumper with respect to the jounce bumper cap to eliminate noises associated with the relative movement.

A device used for providing dynamic isolation and damping of dynamic vibrations, in a passive way, originated in the launch vehicle of a space shuttle and reaching the payload or satellite. The device comprises a plurality of identical elementary unit elements, such that the device is designed in a modular way, allowing the individual modularity of each of the elementary unit elements. Each of the elementary unit elements is tailored and designed individually, and the complete device can be designed for each particular application and payload needed as a function of each of the elementary unit elements allowing an easy design and lower costs, for a wide range of payload applications. Each elementary unit element comprises a spring component and a damping component, such that the functionalities provided for each component are separated and can be individually tailored, thus providing a device having a wider range of adaptation capabilities.

It is an object of the present invention to ensure that a torque rod breaks downward when a predetermined load or greater is input thereto. A torque rod has a first annular portion (21), a second annular portion (22), a connecting stay portion (24) that interconnects the first annular portion (21) and the second annular portion (22), a first attachment member (31) that is connected via a first rubber elastic body (41) inside the first annular portion (21), and a second attachment member (32) that is connected via a second rubber elastic body (42) inside the second annular portion (22). The connecting stay portion (24) has an upper fork portion (24U) and a lower fork portion (24L), and the bending strength of the lower fork portion (24L) is less than that of the upper fork portion (24U). A cavity portion (30) to which part of the first annular portion (21) is exposed is formed between the upper fork portion (24U) and the lower fork portion (24L). A thin-walled portion (21A) having a projecting portion (21B) is disposed in a region of the first annular portion (21) exposed to the cavity portion (30). A sloping surface (24A) whose lower side slopes toward the second annular portion (22) is formed in a region of the cavity portion (30) opposing the first annular portion (21).

A partition member for partitioning a primary liquid chamber and a secondary liquid chamber is provided with a damping orifice and an elastic partition member. A leg portion integrally projects from a lower surface of the movable diaphragm so as to be pressed vertically against a stopper surface formed on an upper surface of the bottom portion of a frame member. A third liquid chamber is defined between an outer circumferential portion of the leg portion and the support wall. When a bottom surface of the leg portion is pressed against the stopper surface, the third liquid chamber is sealed to confine a hydraulic fluid thereby increasing the internal pressure. When the leg portion is brought out of contact with the stopper surface, the third liquid chamber is opened to the secondary liquid chamber, thereby allowing the hydraulic fluid to flow out of the third liquid chamber.

A system and method to change a spring rate of a damper in real time. The damper includes a housing having an inner surface that forms a cavity. An elastomeric material is disposed within the cavity and fixedly attached to the inner surface of the housing. A first chamber is formed by a first end of the elastomeric material and the inner surface of the housing. The method includes restricting movement of the elastomeric material by regulating the pressure within the first chamber, which in turn changes the spring rate of the damper.

A helical compression spring, preferably of steel, in particular CrSi steel or CrNi steel, comprises a coating which has at least one a-C: H: Me coating or a plurality of layers of CrN (16) and a-C: H: Me coatings (14) alternately. In a method for coating a helical compression spring, preferably of steel, a plurality of layers of CrN and a-C: H: Me coatings are applied alternately.

A curved spring includes one and another end parts configured to approach and separate relative to each other in an approaching/separating direction and plural beam parts that bend between the one end part and the other end part and extend in an extending direction. The plural beam parts are arranged in a width direction orthogonal to the approaching/separating direction. At least one combination of adjacent beam parts among combinations of the plural beam parts includes an outer side beam part having a width greater than a width of an inner side beam part in the width direction. The outer side beam part has a length less than a length of the inner side beam part in the approaching/separating direction. The one and the other end parts and at least one beam part of the plural beam parts are integrally molded on a shared plane by a synthetic resin.

Apparatus for absorbing shock, particularly repetitive shocks, comprises a frame and a shock-absorbing component comprising a shape memory alloy (SMA). In one type of apparatus, one or more SMA rings (65) are mounted on brackets (64) on a frame (62, 63) so that shock received by the frame from one direction changes the shape of the rings into ellipses with major chords in a first direction, and shock received by the frame from the opposite direction changes the shape of the rings into ellipses with major chords in a second direction which is at right angles to the first direction. In other types of apparatus, SMA shock-absorbing components (16, 27, 37, 46, 89) are mounted in a frame (11, 12,13,14,15,17, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 31, 32, 34, 35, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47) so that the way in which the shock-absorbing component is deformed is independent of the direction of the shock received by the frame. The shock-absorbing components preferably include a superelastic SMA, optionally in combination with a martensitic SMA. The apparatus is useful for a wide variety of purposes, including the protection from shock of medical devices, electronic assemblies, vehicles, bridges and buildings.

A support for supporting a structure on a surface, comprising at least one support element, each support element comprising a piston, a cylinder in which the piston is moveable, and a brake for maintaining the piston in a position that is stable relative to the cylinder, wherein the piston and the cylinder are arranged so that a loading associated with the structure effects an adjustment of the support element, and wherein an increase in hydraulic pressure within the cylinder, effected by the loading associated with the structure, activates the brake.

A control device of a motor vehicle, which control device receives, from at least one body-side sensor, a vibration actual value of at least one corresponding body-side reference point and receives, from at least one chassis-side sensor, a vibration actual value of at least one corresponding chassis-side reference point, the control device making a decision on the reference point or points for which actuating signals for the actuators of the active assembly bearings are generated, and on which vibration desired value is used, in such a manner that the respective vibration actual value follows the respective vibration desired value.

A bicycle suspension system of the invention generally includes at least two bicycle suspensions and a hydraulic control assembly. The hydraulic control assembly includes a pair of fluid pumps, and a fluid responder and a fluid path for each of the bicycle suspensions. The fluid pumps are mountable to a bicycle handlebar and form part of the hydraulic control assembly. A fluid responder is mountable each of the bicycle suspensions. The fluid paths link the fluid pump to a respective fluid responder. Each fluid responder is operatively connected to one of the bicycle suspensions to operate the bicycle suspension system between first and second suspension settings in response to fluid displacement between each fluid pump and each of the fluid responders.

A wave washer is used for a shaft supporting device of an electric power steering system. The wave washer has an annular portion and six outward protrusions. The annular portion has first protrusions that protrude in a first axial direction and second protrusions that are formed so as to continuous with the first protrusions and that protrude in a second axial direction. Each outward protrusion protrudes from an outer periphery of the annular portion in a radially outward direction of the radial direction of the annular portion.

Elastomer components (104), which are to have an elastomer volume with a sufficiently large prestress, as is required, for example, for use in wind energy plants. The elastomer components (104) are substantially based on the incorporation and integration of separating elements (105) into the elastomer body of the component, the elements are disposed either individually or in structures. The body may be compressed by pressure supplied into the region, between the separating elements and the surrounding elastomer material, or directly into the separating elements, such that elastomer components are prestressed in a dynamically adjustable manner.

A two vacuum actuated switch mechanism is provided within an engine or hydromount. First and second ports are provided along a peripheral portion of an inertia track assembly. A decoupler or vacuum diaphragm is selectively exposed to vacuum through a first port. Under the influence of the vacuum, the decoupler can no longer oscillate. If vacuum is applied only to the decoupler, and not and idle diaphragm, the fluid is forced through a low frequency inertia track which creates high levels of damping and low frequencies. If vacuum is also applied to the decoupler and the idle diaphragm, the high frequency inertia track is opened and causes the fluid to flow therethrough. This creates a high frequency dynamic rate dip. Alternatively, if no vacuum is applied to either the decoupler or the idle diaphragm, the decoupler is allowed to freely oscillate creating a decoupled state for low input displacements. Higher input displacements results in fluids being forced through the low frequency inertia track. An integrated accumulator is disposed between the port and the decoupler to reduce or eliminate air resonance response, buffering the pumping effect of the decoupler in a decoupled state.

Disclosed herein is a hydraulic mount for a vehicle, wherein a serpentine wall that protrudes from a bottom surface of a membrane wherein the membrane operates as a bottom surface of the upper chamber, is bonded to an orifice lower plate and separates a central chamber and a serpentine inertia track. Furthermore, the serpentine inertia track is disposed along a circumference of the central chamber. The hydraulic mount additionally includes a plurality of orifice apertures that are formed in the orifice lower plate and configured to allow communication between the central chamber and the lower chamber.

A Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) for damping oscillations of a hanging vertical pump structure includes a removable mass symmetrically configured within the pump structure diameter and supported by a mechanism which provides damped mobility relative to the pump structure so as to absorb and dampen pump vibrations and oscillations. The TMD mass is easily removable before tipping of the pump between horizontal and vertical orientations during maintenance. In some embodiments, the TMD mass comprises fluid pumped by the pump to fully or partially fill a housing, the fluid being gravitationally drained therefrom when the pump is not operating. In other embodiments the TMD mass is supplied by removable solid weights. Damped mobility is provided by springs damped by mechanical or fluid friction, or by obstructed movement of fluid within a partially filled housing. In embodiments, the TMD mass is at least 5% of the total mass of the pump structure.

The invention relates to an air bellows for a pneumatic spring, in particular of a commercial vehicle, the air bellows including an axle-side region and a body-side region, wherein the axle-side region is arranged on a plunger and movable by a compression or extension movement between a first, compressed position and a second, extended position, and further including an interior space adapted to be filled with compressed air via a compressed air opening that is connectable to a compressed air line. The air bellows further comprises a valve connected to the atmosphere for ventilating the interior space, wherein by applying compressed air present in the interior space to the valve the valve is moved to a closed position.

A suspension apparatus 100 includes a leaf spring 110 in which a front end and a rear end are rotatably supported by a frame 2 of a car and an intermediate portion thereof in a longitudinal direction is attached to an axle 3; and a stay 160 having an engaging portion 161 for blocking rotation of a portion to a rear of a breaking point of the leaf spring 110 when the leaf spring 110 is broken at a portion to a rear of the intermediate portion thereof.