8 The idea of reflexives in English:In Spanish, we use reflexive verbs when we want to say someone does something to, at, or for oneself. The reflexive verbs in Spanish require a reflexive pronoun that will refer to the person doing the action.The idea of reflexives in English:I do to, at, for me/myselfWe do to, at, for ourselvesYou do to, at, for you / yourselfxHe she you (f) does to, at, for himself/herself/yourself (f)They do/all of you do to, at, for themselves/all of yourselves

9 The reflexive pronouns:menostexseNote: LE and LES are not reflexive! Those are used when you are doing /giving something to someone ELSE

10 Andrés se lastimó. = Andrés hurt himself.Me desperté a las siete y media. = I woke up at seven thirty.*With reflexive verbs, there are two things that always match: What is the rule?*The ________________ and the verb _____________ always match.

11 Put the reflexive pronoun BEFORE the conjugated verb:¿Cuándo se levantó Marcos? = When did Marcos get up?Put the reflexive pronoun AFTER the infinitive (attached).No debes preocuparte. = You shouldn’t worry.

12 IF you have 2 verbs, you have 2 ways to say a sentence using a reflexive pronoun!Before the conjugated verb ORAttached to the infinitive

13 -If you want to sound more like a native speaker, you can put the reflexive pronoun before the conjugated verb if there is an infinitive later in the sentence:Por ejemplo:No te debes preocupar. =You shouldn’t worry (yourself).¿Cuándo se va a bañar? =When is she going to bathe (herself)?

15 4. Sara dedicated herself to her studies _____________________________ 5. I am excited at the start of class ________________________________ 6. You want to apologize to your best friend _______________________________________

19 12. The students had opposed the idea12. The students had opposed the idea. ___________________________________ 13. We had washed our hair at our grandparents’ house. ______________________________________________________________________

20 Reflexives for “each other / one another”In Spanish, we can also use reflexive verbs to express the idea of “each other” or “one another.”*English fact:“each other” can only refer to two people =You and I help each other.“one another” refers to three or more = The students in the class share with one another.

21 Kike y yo nos conocemos muy bien. =Kike and I know each other very well.Mis hermanitos se pelean mucho. =My little brothers fight with each other a lot.Los amigos deben ayudarse =Friends should help one another.

22 *With reflexive verbs used reciprocally, you will always have a plural ending, because you are referring to more than one person. (each other/ one another).

23 Examples: SaludarseMauricio y Mariana se saludaron. =Mauricio and Mariana said hello.(The “to each other” is implied but not stated)Mauricio y Mariana se saludaron el uno a la otra (Mauricio and Mariana said hello to each other. Directly, “el uno a la otra” means “he to her,” or “the one to the other”

25 5. The friends forgave each other at the end of the movie5. The friends forgave each other at the end of the movie. ______________________________________________________________________ 6. Manuel and Pedro secretly hate each other (en secreto). 7. Melía and Carmía greet each other. ________________________________________________________________________

26 8. A happy family supports (one another)8. A happy family supports (one another). _______________________________________________________________ 9. Liliana and Pedro phone each other often / frequently. _________________________________________________________________ 10. Lola and Sarita tell one another gossip every day. ______________________________________________________

27 11. Karlita and Selena get along well11. Karlita and Selena get along well. _______________________________________________________ 12. Sofía and Eva help each other. _________________________________________________________

29 4. You wash your hands with soap before eating4. You wash your hands with soap before eating. __________________________________________________________________ 5. We wake up at the same time! Have you stretched yet? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 6. Ismael washes the dog. ____________________________________________________________

30 7. The student got bored from being at school. He left. (irse)__________________________________________________________8.I wake up the baby in order to play with her._________________________________________________________________9.The students and I wanted to relax today. ______________________________________________ OR ______________________________________________________

32 Se impersonal:In Spanish, we can use the pronoun “se” in order to avoid specifying the person who is doing the action of the verb.For example:Se vende casa = House for sale.Se aquila apartamento = Apartment for rent.

33 In these expressions, you are indicating that SOMEONE is selling a house or renting an apartment, but that you either don’t know who the person is or you are choosing not to identify him or her.

34 The Spanish reflexives can be used for both of these cases.When you use se, the verb is always in the third person. It could be either the he/she form or the they form.

35 ~If the noun that follows the verb is singular, the verb is in the él/ella/usted form:Aquí se habla español = Spanish is spoken here.A. How would you say, Guitar for sale = ___________________________How do you (does one) turn off the vacuum cleaner? = _____________________________________________

36 ~If the noun that follows the verb is plural, you use the ellos/ellas/ustedes form of the verb.Aquí se reparan carros = Cars are repaired here.B. How would you say, Books for sale = ___________________________

37 You can use this construction with se in all tenses.For example:Se hizo mucho = A lot was done. (a type of passive voice)Se había hecho mucho = A lot has been done.Se hará mucho = A lot will be done.How would you say, “Strange things (cosas raras) were said = _________________________________

38 The taxes (los impuestos) are paid on MondaysHow does one say “ice cream?” in English? _________________________________________________________________They serve spicy food at this Mexican restaurant. (Spicy food is served)__________________________________________________________4.Credit cards (tarjetas de crédito) are not accepted here.__________________________________________

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