Harvey County is located in south central Kansas, along the Little Arkansas River. The County encompasses 540 square miles, is 18 miles wide in its north-south dimension and 30 miles long in its east-west dimension.

The County is located approximately 130 miles south-southeast of the geographic center of the continental United States, 1,517 miles west of New York City and 1,498 miles east of Los Angeles. Harvey County is located approximately 370 miles west of the geodesic center of the United States' population. Within 500 miles of Kansas is more than 40 percent of the nations' population; retail sales over $480 billion and some 48,000 manufacturing plants.