Trichilia catigua is a small tree commonly called catuaba and catiguá in Portuguese, and it has yellow inflorescences, compound leaves and elliptic or oblong-lanceolate leaflets. Different parts of the vegetal are popularly used as purgative, inseticide, anti-rheumatic and tonic for treating stress, cognitive impairment and sexual impotence. In pharmacological essays, it has been demonstrated antidepressant, anti-inflammatory and muscle relaxant effects. This work has aimed to investigate the anatomical characters of the leaf and stem bark of this medicinal plant, for pharmacognostic purposes. Dehydrated vegetal samples were re-hydrated, free-hand sectioned and stained. Part of the material was dehydrated in a graded ethanolic series, embedded in glycol-methacrylate, sectioned by microtome and stained as well. Microchemical tests were applied with standard reagents. In the leaflet blade, the epidermal cells of both sides are straight or slightly wavy in surface view. Anomocytic stomata are confined to the abaxial side. Non-glandular trichomes, uni or multicellular and uniseriate, long and erect are present. The mesophyll is dorsiventral. The midrib is biconvex and traversed by one collateral vascular bundle, in centric arrangement and encircled by a complete sclerenchymatic sheath. Secretory cells, ovate in shape, and calcium oxalate druses are seen in the leaf. In the stem bark, it can be distinguished the periderm, consisting of suber, phellogen and various layers of phelloderm, the multiseriate cortex exhibiting druses, and the phloem. This comprehends sieve elements, stone cells, fibres and crushed cells, among several parenchymatic cells. The fibres form small bands and contain many calcium oxalate prisms.