Analgesia produced by the insertion of ACUPUNCTURE needles at certain ACUPUNCTURE POINTS on the body. This activates small myelinated nerve fibers in the muscle which transmit impulses to the spinal cord and then activate three centers – the spinal cord, midbrain and pituitary/hypothalamus – to produce analgesia.MSH

Human immunodeficiency virus. A non-taxonomic and historical term referring to any of two species, specifically HIV-1 and/or HIV-2. Prior to 1986, this was called human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV). From 1986-1990, it was an official species called HIV. Since 1991, HIV was no longer considered an official species name; the two species were designated HIV-1 and HIV-2.MSH

An abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base. (Dorland, 27th ed)MSH

Inherited myotonic disorders with early childhood onset MYOTONIA. Muscular hypertrophy is common and myotonia may impair ambulation and other movements. It is classified as Thomsen (autosomal dominant) or Becker (autosomal recessive) generalized myotonia mainly based on the inheritance pattern. Becker type is also clinically more severe. An autosomal dominant variant with milder symptoms and later onset is known as myotonia levior. Mutations in the voltage-dependent skeletal muscle chloride channel are associated with the disorders.MSH

A genetic congenital neuromuscular disorder affecting the skeletal muscles. It is caused by mutations in the chloride channel gene (CLCN1 gene). It is characterized by muscle stiffness, hypertrophy, pain, and cramping.NCI

Monounsaturated fatty acid with 22 carbons and the double bond in the trans formation at the 9th carbon from the methyl end.NCI

A monounsaturated very long-chain fatty acid with a 22-carbon backbone and a single double bond originating from the 9th position from the methyl end, with the double bond in the trans- configuration.NCI

A carbon-nitrogen ligase. During purine ribonucleotide biosynthesis, this enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of adenylosuccinate from GTP; IMP; and aspartate with the formation of orthophosphate and GDP. EC 6.3.4.4.MSH

Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.MSH

extravascular accumulation of fluid in the pulmonary tissue and air spaces.CSP

A disorder characterized by accumulation of fluid in the lung tissues that causes a disturbance of the gas exchange that may lead to respiratory failure.NCI

A buildup of fluid in the alveoli (air spaces) in the lungs. This keeps oxygen from getting into the blood. Pulmonary edema is usually caused by heart problems, but it can also be caused by high blood pressure, pneumonia, certain toxins and medicines, or living at a high altitude. Symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath, and trouble exercising.NCI

Accumulation of fluid in the lung tissues causing disturbance of the gas exchange that may lead to respiratory failure. It is caused by direct injury to the lung parenchyma or congestive heart failure. The symptoms may appear suddenly or gradually. Suddenly appearing symptoms include difficulty breathing, feeling of suffocation, and coughing associated with frothy sputum. Gradually appearing symptoms include difficulty breathing while lying in bed, shortness of breath during activity, and weight gain (in patients with congestive heart failure).NCI

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5`-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5`-phosphate adenosine 2`,5`-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)MSH

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; a coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5`-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5`-phosphate adenosine 2`,5`-bisphosphate; serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced ( NADPH).CSP

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate, an oxidation-reduction coenzyme, found in eukaryotic cells and is involved in many enzymatic reactions.NCI

pituitary hormone that stimulates the secretion of adrenal cortical steroids and induces growth of the adrenal cortex.CSP

An anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the ADRENAL CORTEX and its production of CORTICOSTEROIDS. ACTH is a 39-amino acid polypeptide of which the N-terminal 24-amino acid segment is identical in all species and contains the adrenocorticotrophic activity. Upon further tissue-specific processing, ACTH can yield ALPHA-MSH and corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP).MSH

A hormone made in the pituitary gland. ACTH acts on the outer part of the adrenal gland to control its release of corticosteroid hormones. More ACTH is made during times of stress.NCI

A hormone secreted by the anterior portion of the pituitary gland and regulates hormone, primarily cortisol, secreted by the adrenal gland.NCI

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)MSH

process by which electrons are transferred from a reduced substrate to molecular oxygen.CSP

A United States organization of distinguished scientists and engineers established for the purpose of investigating and reporting upon any subject of art or science as requested by any department of government. The National Research Council organized by NAS serves as the principal operating agency to stimulate and support research.MSH

A synthetic butylamino-sulfamoylbenzoic acid derivative, Bumetanide is a loop diuretic that inhibits sodium reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle; potassium excretion is increased in a dose-related fashion. Bumetanide is used for edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome. (NCI04)NCI