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5.
 Potential problems- Hypotheria- Immature liver and kidneys- Hypoglycemia Recommendations- Heating pad used with caution- Dextrose in fluids ( 2.5% dextrose/LRS)- Avoid xylazine and barbituates- Recommend isoflurane- Nursing up to anesthesia and as soon after as they can swallow- Diazepam for sedation and premed

11.
 Considerations of IV maintenance- Intubation may be necessary to prevent regurgitation and aspiration- Drug overdose may cause apnea- Respiration may need to be assisted- Limited anesthetic plane- To be used following xylazine, ketamine induction if needed- Used in adults > 300 lbs

12.
- Not recommended for juveniles or small ruminants- Use only 5% guiafenesin, 10% causes RBC hemolysis- IV necessary as guiafenesin is very irritating if perivascular

26.
1. Acepromazine- Injectable, tables- Tranquilizers, NOTE: do not administer this medication to an already excited, agitated animal. It may create hyper exciteability

27.
2. Xlazine ( rompun)- Injectable- Potent sedative and analgesic which may be administered IV or IM- Ruminants highly sensitive, use 1/10 the horse dose- In horses, be aware that no matter how drunk the horse looks, it is capable of kicking violently and accurately. Never trust xylazine behind the navel

29.
 Due to complex bacterial ecosystem in the ruminant and horses GI tract, there are few antibiotics which may be safely and or effectively administered orally. In production animals always confirm withdrawal time before administration

30.
 Glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate ( cosequin)- Powder- Often requires 30-60 days administration before benefits are observed.- Many cheaper, copycat products are available over the counter but are less effective

34.
 Ifit is not labeled for use in production animals, don’t use it in production animals. There is more latitude in companion animals regarding off label use because the medication should not have the potential to enter the food chain.

35.
 Anesthesia- a state characterized by loss of sensation- General anesthesia is a loss of sensation associated with a loss of consciousness- Regional anesthesia/local anesthesia, loss of sensation while consciousness is retained Analgesia- state in which stimuli is not perceived as pain Tranquilization/sedation- chemically induced state of calm

41.
 Regurgitation and or bloat can be serious complications of general anesthesia Elective surgery withhold food for 36-48 hours, withhold water for 12 hours Emergency surgery use rumen lavage NOTE: most ruminant surgeries can be performed with regional anesthesiaEquine: elective surgery, withhold food 12hours, water 6 hours