Mortality among adolescents (10-19 yrs. of age), resident in 9 states of Brazil in 1977, 1980 and 1985, was analysed according to age (10-14 and 15-19 yrs. of age), sex (male, female) and underlying cause of death. The mortality was greater among males aged 15-19. External causes were responsible for the great mortality in all strata, mainly in the metropolitan regions of the urban southeast, rising throughout the period in these regions. The chronic diseases (cancer and cardiovascular diseases) were also frequent as the underlying cause of death in adolescents; though in much lesser proportion than the non-natural causes.