Nazis close the Berlin Bauhaus, the revolutionary school of art and architecture. Faculty include Walter Gropius, Josef Albers, Lazlo Moholy-Nagy and Mies van der Rohe, all of whom emigrate to the U.S. As teachers at Black Mountain College, Yale, Harvard and the New School for Social Research, they widely disseminate the tenets of Modernism. Sixty thousand artists, including writers, painters and musicians, emigrate to the U.S. during the 1930s.

1934

Upon the expiration of his visa, Hofmann travels to Bermuda to return with a permanent visa. He opens a summer school in Provincetown, Massachusetts. The Hans Hofmann School of Fine Arts opens at 137 East 57th Street in New York. Lee Krasner studies with Hofmann.

1935

Works Progress Administration (WPA) established in the U.S. provides work for artists including Philip Guston, Moses Soyer, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Jacob Lawrence, Mark Tobey and hundreds of other writers and musicians.