Answers are offered below

Did you write out ‘answers’ for Lesson 1. Add your new ones to them now. Has writing things out paid any dividends? Writing is another medium besides listening and talking. It is also visual. You see what you have written, which will help later. You have just seen how Esperanto nouns and adjectives ‘match’ their endings. Did you notice their sounds ‘harmonised’ too. Some other languages do this too. You will meet instances, where this harmony also helps Esperanto gain in clarity.

Please attempt the exercises before consulting the material below. There is a lot of new stuff in the lesson. It would pay to study it a few times.

Ili komprenas ke la ŝafoj estas en la alia kampo : They understand the sheep are in the other field.

Notes

‘ke’ [‘that’ – introducing a statement] must not be omitted in Esperanto as it ensures clarity at all times.

‘sidas’ – Esperanto prefers to use the simple form. It can translate ‘is sitting’ literally but prefers to use an adverb, if it needs to emphasise that an action is continuing over time. Similarly it expresses ‘does sit’ by ‘prefers to sit’ or by an adverb if the nuance is essential. Note that in negative statements English cannot use the simple form but must resort to using a participle or auxillary verb like ‘do’.

‘opinias’ – as always, stress the second last syllable – o-pi-NI-as

paĝo 14

Ni ne povas danci : We can’t dance

Ĉu vi povas flugi : Can you fly?

Tre plaĉus al mi labori en la vespero : I would like very much working / to work in the evening

Ne eblas dormi en la tago : It’s not possible to sleep in the day. OR Sleeping is not possible in the day.

Helena deziras sidi sub arbo : Helena wants to sit under a tree.

Petro rifuzas kanti : Peter refuses to sing

La idiotoj komencas labori en la vespero : The idiots started to work / working in the evening