that relatively small transfers from the richest quintile (of the order of 4 to 5% of income ... higher levels of income than for poor people. The negative impact of inequality ...ratio increased despite a rise in average consumption of 4.3% per year (the second

the incomeshare, by quintile, of the baseline distribution (based on cash income) with the distribution of income including the healthcare transfers in kind. The share of income ... Tab. 4: Relevance of health related transfers in kind. Year 2003. % INCREASE IN DISPOSABLE INCOME DUE TO TRASFERS TO PERSONS AGED 65+ INCOMESHARE MEAN TRASFER PER CAPITA DUE TO TRASFERS TO PERSONS AGED 65+ QUINTILE ALL ALL A B ALL Source:EU-SILC ... When we add the healthcare transfers to the cash-income of each individual

IncomeQuintile. Dependent Variable Absolute Income Level of Middle Quintile (2001-03) Cumulative Percentage Change in Income for the Middle Quintile (1980 to 2003) Middle QuintileShare of Total Income (1980 to 2003) 0.15*** (12.84) Independent Variables

In this scenario, growth in world exports is limited, and the share of intra-EU trade remains ... trade between China and EU-15 increases at a less dramatic rate (Table 4.4). Output growth in the EU-15 is less than in the recent past in contrast to growth ... Table 4.1 GDP growth, annual averages 2002-2040 Regional communities Global economy China EU-15 New EU members Candidate members Rest OECD Former Soviet Union India Rest of the World All regions Source: WorldScan calculations.

European countries have adopted a plethora of pension reform attempts, some more successful than others. In order to facilitate European reforms, the EU has established a socalled “open method of coordination” whereby member states share ... Table 1: Gross public pension expenditures as a share of GDP and effective retirement age, selected EU countries Public pension expenditures as % of GDP Austria ... United Kingdom EU-25 average Source: Economic Policy Committee (2006): Age-related public

US EU Russia China Total cost including permit purchases India Africa La n America (% of na onal income) Fig. 4. Total costs of compliance as percent of national income. EU, European Union. ... 4 shows the path of net costs as a percentage of income for seven major regions. Costs rise gradually over the coming decades and reach around 1% of national income for the high-income countries in the mid-21st century. There are many conclusions that can ... africa, china, eu, europe, india, russia, united states

– this time the conventional kind at the individual level – to look at the share of income ... of the last two decades. But it seems that global income distribution has been narrowing ... dramatic with them, it is likely that global income inequality will narrow even leaving