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SAN SALVADOR, El Salvador — On a weekday morning in late August, an American plane arrived at the airport outside of El Salvador’s capital, bringing back deportees from the United States. Among them were nine children and their mothers who had been held in a family detention facility in the remote town of Artesia, N.M

Relatives of the deportees gathered outside the terminal. An orange awning shielded them from the bright morning sun as birds chirped loudly from nearby trees.

So far this summer, 288 women and children border crossers have been deported from the facility in Artesia. This flight was the third to land in El Salvador.

Jose Angel waited with his mother-in-law to pick up his 23-year-old wife Sonia and 5-year-old son. The two were detained in Artesia for the last month and a half. They left El Salvador on July 4.

“More than anything she went to ask for asylum,” Jose Angel said in Spanish. “Because she was being threatened.”

Sonia had a small chicken farm here that her family said made her a target for extortion by local gang members.

Sonia’s mother, Judith, said it is common for gangs to charge business owners “rent.” She said her family had already fled this situation once before. They used to run a tortilla business in a different area but left because of those threats, only to find the same problems in their new town.

Judith said she knows several people who have been killed for not cooperating with gang demands for money.

Kate Sheehy

Families gather at the airport outside of San Salvador to pick up women and children deported from the U.S.

It’s risky to talk about, which is why the family didn’t want their last names used in this report. Still, Sonia’s story didn’t impress the asylum officer who interviewed her in Artesia.

“They said in an interview there that her case wasn’t credible,” Judith said in Spanish.

Arriving border crossers who are held in detention and placed in expedited removal proceedings — as Sonia was — must prove they have a credible fear of persecution back home in order to pursue an asylum claim in the U.S.

“There were a lot of people who had good luck,” Judith said. “Where we live a lot of women with kids went [to the US] and they made it through. Sadly, she was not one of them.”

An immigration detention facility in Karnes City, Texas, outside of San Antonio, also started holding arriving families this summer.

Back at the airport, a government official told Sonia's relatives that she and her son would be released next. The family allowed me to join them in their car to pick them up in a secured parking lot in front of the terminal.

Courtesy Immigration and Customs Enforcement

Immigrant women and children are being housed at a newly opened detention facility in Artesia, New Mexico.

On our way in, an official spotted me in the back of the vehicle. He ordered me out of the car, saying only family members were allowed in. I lost my chance to meet Sonia that day. But we connected later by cell phone.

Sonia said she left Artesia voluntarily once she was told she wasn’t likely to win her asylum case. A Salvadoran migration official said the other women returned from Artesia had also agreed to voluntary departure.

In Sonia's case, she could have waited to see an immigration judge to ask for a second credible fear ruling, but she felt it was hopeless and was anxious to leave.

“I left because my son wasn’t eating,” Sonia said. “The chicken was raw, it was even bloody.”

She said her son had a fever for eight days and she couldn’t get him medicine at first. Other detainees have made similar claims.

Sonia also said she wasn’t able to talk to an attorney until after she had already had her interview with an asylum officer. Allegations like that, along with several others, have been compiled into a recent federal lawsuit claiming a lack of due process for women and children in Artesia.

A coalition of organizations, including the American Civil Liberties Union and the National Immigration Law Center, are behind the suit. They filed it in federal court in Washington, D.C. on Aug. 22, the day after the plane carrying Sonia and other women and children landed in El Salvador.

“The fundamental issue at the facility is that it is not giving those women and their kids a fair day in court,” said Karen Tumlin, an attorney with the National Immigration Law Center.

It’s not clear if Sonia had a winning asylum case or not, but Tumlin said many women and kids held in Artesia do, and would face grave danger if they are returned home.

But detainees in Artesia may be held to a stricter standard.

According to data from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, fewer than 38 percent of Artesia detainees were found to have credible fear, versus an average national rate of about 72 percent this spring.

The lawsuit alleges that Artesia detainees do not have adequate access to legal help, and volunteer lawyers who come to the facility have trouble visiting clients and gaining access to proceedings. It also alleges that women must recount stories of abuse to asylum officers and judges in front of their children since there are no childcare services at the facility.

At the same time, other recent developments in immigration law could allow more Central American women to prevail in their asylum claims. In a precedent-setting decision last week, the Board of Immigration Appeals ruled that Guatemalan women who flee life-threatening domestic abuse can be eligible for asylum.

That decision could have implications for recent female border crossers from Central America, including women held in Artesia.

But Tumlin said the immigration court system in Artesia is speeding up proceedings to the point that there is not sufficient time for attorneys to prepare their client’s cases.

Instead, she said there is a “rush to judgment to deport as many these women and kids as quickly as possible.”

Immigration and Customs Enforcement, which oversees the Artesia center, maintains it is facilitating volunteer attorneys to provide free legal services in Artesia.

"The inter-agency response to this unprecedented surge has been both humane and lawful," ICE spokeswoman Amber Cargile wrote in an emailed statement. "As a matter of policy, we do not specifically comment on pending litigation."

In a separate email, ICE spokeswoman Leticia Zamarripa, said the food served at the Artesia Family Residential Center is the same food served to students and staff at the adjoining law enforcement academy and is not used as punishment or a reward.

Meanwhile, Sonia and her family are back living in the same house in El Salvador where she was threatened.

“I haven’t left the house except to go to the store just now,” Sonia said by phone a few days after she was deported. “Because it’s scary.”

She’s also broke.

She said the gang had told her to pay $7,000. She only paid part of it before she left for the U.S. and still owes the rest. Plus she paid $6,000 trying to get to the US. That’s all gone.

Sonia said if she’s threatened again, she’ll likely move.

She said they might try another Latin American country, since now it’s clear there’s no future for her family in the United States.

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