Lumbee Recognition

On Wednesday, April 28, I had the opportunity to hear Arlinda Locklear speak at the Alumni Center at UNC-CH. Locklear, a Lumbee Indian and the first Native American woman to argue a case before the Supreme Court, addressed the issue of Lumbee recognition. I did not attend this lecture as a member of the press and thus will not quote Locklear in this entry or reference her presentation. However, I would like to address the issue of Lumbee recognition as it is a pressing issue here in North Carolina.

The Lumbee Tribe is located in Robeson County, North Carolina. Since 1885 the tribe has been recognized as an Indian tribe by the state of North Carolina. However, the government of the United States has repeatedly denied federal recognition to the Lumbee.

Why is federal recognition so important? There are a number of reasons, including

the establishment of a government-to-government relationship between a tribal government and the federal government

the extension of federal funds to the tribe, and

potentially the ability to take land into trust and create a reservation for that tribe (though Indian scholars out there will note that this is currently under fire, an issue for a later blog).

The Lumbee first requested federal help in 1888, in order to fund their separate school system, which had been established but not fully funded by North Carolina. Over the decades, the tribe repeatedly requested that the federal government recognize the tribe, only to be rebuffed time and time again.

Finally, in 1956, the tribe thought it had gained recognition with the passage of the 1956 Lumbee Act, which can be read here. However, language attached to the bill withheld the tribe access to federal services.

Since 1956 the tribe has fought in a variety of ways to achieve recognition.

One way is through the Bureau of Indian Affairs. To achieve federal recognition through the Bureau of Indian Affairs, a tribe must prove seven criteria, as stated in a BIA report:

1) The petitioner has been identified as an American Indian entity on a substantially continuous basis since 1900,

2) A predominant portion of the petitioning group comprises a distinct community and has existed as a community from historical times until the present,

3) The petitioner has maintained political influence or authority over its members as an autonomous entity from historical times until the present,

4) A copy of the group’s present governing document including its membership criteria. In the absence of a written document, the petitioner must provide a statement describing in full its membership criteria and current governing procedures,

5) The petitioner’s membership consists of individuals who descend from a historical Indian tribe or from historian Indian tribes which combined and functioned as a single autonomous political entity,

6) The membership of the petitioning group is composed principally of persons who are not members of any acknowledged North American Indian tribe,

7) Neither the petitioner nor its members are the subject of congressional legislation that has expressly terminated or forbidden the Federal relationship.

In an opinion issued to the tribe, the Bureau stated that the tribe would not be recognized through this process.

However, a bill is now before Congress that may have the best chance in recent memory of success to bring the Lumbee’s full federal recognition. The bill can be read here.

As the bill moves forward the Lumbee continue to call upon other Native American tribes and citizens of North Carolina to support their cause.

In the first federal census of 1790, the ancestors
of the Lumbee were among those
enumerated as “free persons of color,” a category
used to describe free Negroes and
Mullatos and meaning freed African slaves or
products of mixed race unions.[9] In subsequent
censuses, they were counted in “all
other free persons” or later “Mulatto.” In the
1870 census, the first in which “Indian” was a
separate category, almost all Robeson County
residents with characteristically Lumbee
names were classified not as “Indian” but as
“Mulatto.”
In 1885, Hamilton McMillan, a lawyer and
Democratic state representative from Robeson
County, seeking to drive a wedge
between the ancestors of the Lumbee and
emancipated slaves who had combined to
vote Republican, first put forward the theory
of Indian origin. McMillan theorized that the
Lumbee ancestors were not black or Mulatto
but in fact Indians, perhaps descended from
friendly Indians who some had speculated
may have absorbed the Lost Colony of Roanoke.
McMillan went so far as to give the Lumbee
ancestors an Indian name, calling them
Croatans. McMillan’s theory has largely been
discredited and the Lumbee no longer claim
Croatan origin.

Many full-blood Cherokee Indians living just across the border from the reservation in Georgia were also enumerated as “Free Persons of Color” and “Mulatto” on censuses. Indians living on a small reservation near Atmore, Alabama were also listed exactly the same “FPC” and “M” on early censuses, yet they are today a federally recognized tribe.
The rules and regs for census enumerators at the time were to record individuals ‘racially’ as they were considered for tax purposes. During that era “Indians of less than full-blood and living off of a known Indian reservation” were to be included under the “Free Persons of Color,” “Other Free Persons” and later “Mulatto” provisions of the tax codes.
If you did a full investigation of early census records and the laws accociated with it you would have a better understanding of this issue and observe that thousands of Indian, Middle Easterners, Mexicans, Asians…etc etc where recorded as FPC, OFP and M on early census and tax records from Virginia all the way to texas.

At the same time Robeson county had 126 slave mulattoes 5,329 slave blacks.Altogether the county contained 15,489 souls,

NEW YORK HERALD 1872,feb,26

It stood considerably above the average counties of the State in slaves and population,and out of the full-blooded Indians ascribed to North Carolina,“NONE“were set down either to Robeson or Halifax county or Scuffletown,this free negro settlement an immemorial free negro settlement–one of the two large aggregations of yellow men which has existed in North Carolina since the organization of society.

I conceive that these negroes might have been the slaves of tories driven from the State at the close of the Revolution,or of the emancipated slaves of the Quakers, and that they increased and multiplied by accessions from runaways of all neighboring free negroes with a homogenous settlement.

My guess is,Mulungeons and Lumbee they knew this all along that they had so much black and tried to replace it with portuguese or native American ancestry stories..but secretly hope it had vanished.

It just happen that the african DNA is the original one which means even when most of it has been replaced down the line,at least one marker remains and never disappears

This story wouldn’t have made worldwide news if those people didn’t have a monstruous hatred of the african DNA to a point where people would pass out when told , african blood in them. the story’s been picked up by various international news outlets.They could have just acknowledged it and keep it moving.mean while the Lumbee keep trying to pass for a real indian tribe despite no real indian history or culture,

I would be thrilled to see a core Lumbee DNA survey proffesionally done by non-lumbees to keep the biased out especially since they wanna be recognized federally as a Sovereign which comes out of our pockets.

what you have quoted is a direct quote from the Cherokee arguement before the congressional committe against fed recognition…the cherokee do not want to share federal funds with another tibe that outnumbers them…
this arguement was discredited by professional researchers, university professors, and historians who rebutted the cherokee testimony and showed it for waht it was…a vain attempt to keep hold of the casino market in North carolina

no Logical answer for your Lumbee lie to the house of reprentatives that supported your bid for recognition as a condition of “no Casino” but then secretly consulting and then hiring a casino firm to get Casino rights for the Lumbee.That is not a joke but a serious lie and deceit of the public trust and federal abuse of the recognition rights of Indians by lying to the public and US Congress,The whole idea of Lumbees as descendants of some extinct lost tribe is another false lie to get recognition for benefits and a Casino also,The New York Herald and Times circa 1872,list your county Robeson as “an Imemmorial Free Negro Community,a homogenous negro settlement” not any kinda of indian Tribal settlement,just a community with a few “individuals” living as “individuals”claiming to be a tiny fraction part Tuscorora,So stop deceiving the Public Lumbee let the truth be known!!give up the greed!vote no to state recognition which is used by groups as a stepping stone thru the federal process.

Pony is damn right, you guys shouldnt be using out of conyext quotes that slant what was going on then. The southerners was wrong then and they are wrong now. the lumbee can stand proudly toe to toe with any indian tribe east of the mississippi in its indian community identity. the fasct that good indians was kind enough to take in a few poor black peopole along the way isnt to be held against them but is to be commended. -In the Spirit of Henry Berry Lowery, Fight on Lumbee!-Chris- Hugh Oxendines greatnephew

Dear Sir,
Do you not know that wikipedia is an open source site and can be altered by anyone at anytime? Please do not take what you read there as literal. As Pony Hill stated other tribes where listed the same on the censuses because there was no designation for them and those who gathered the information did not know what else to call them. Maybe you should get to know some of the Lumbee Indians before you decide to call names and judge them. How would you feel if the government took the same view of your ancestry?

In October 1785 Virginia passed a law specifically “declaring what persons shall be deemed mulattoes”:

every person of whose grandfathers or grandmothers any one is, or shall have been a NEGRO, although all his other progenitors, except that descending from the negro, shall have been WHITE, shall be deemed a MULATTO, and so every person who shall have one-fourth or more of negro blood, shall, in like manner, be deemed a MULATTO [Hening, The Statutes at Large, XII:184].

But regardless of the legal definition, the word “Mulatto” was most commonly used by the colonial county courts of Virginia and Maryland when they prosecuted over one thousand cases in which WHITE women who had children by a slave of African descent were sold with their “Mulatto” children as servants.

We will never give up as a Tribe Looking for the proper recognition that we deserve. First of all if the aliens(white folks) hadn’t come over here taking everything & making every man of color (Indians & Blacks) slaves for their benefit we wouldn’t have to go through this mess… So sad … We didn’t go to England & take your land nor make your pale behinds slaves now did we???? No……… It’s not right for you to categorize someone because of their skin color… We were here before the pale people came & we will be here when their gone… Time is re-reaping itself… Mullatos are all over the world now… Because the white (pale) people tried so hard to make us distinct by not mixing races and making a Racial divide years ago as they call it but guess what mixing is in & theirs nothing you can do to stop it!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! NO ONE IS FULL BLOODED – PURE ANYMORE….. It’s sad that we have to go to court for the white man to tell us what race we are & if we’re pure or not….

At the same time Robeson county had 126 slave mulattoes 5,329 slave blacks.Altogether the county contained 15,489 souls,

NEW YORK HERALD 1872,feb,26

It stood considerably above the average counties of the State in slaves and population,and out of the full-blooded Indians ascribed to North Carolina,“NONE“were set down either to Robeson or Halifax county or Scuffletown,this free negro settlement an immemorial free negro settlement–one of the two large aggregations of yellow men which has existed in North Carolina since the organization of society.

I conceive that these negroes might have been the slaves of tories driven from the State at the close of the Revolution,or of the emancipated slaves of the Quakers, and that they increased and multiplied by accessions from runaways of all neighboring free negroes with a homogenous settlement.

Lumbee true proven origins not Indigenous!
In the late 20th century, genealogists Paul Heinegg and Dr. Virginia E. DeMarce performed extensive research of primary source documents, such as deeds, land records, wills and court records to develop genealogies of free people of color in the Chesapeake Bay area during the colonial years. They have been able to trace the migration of numerous primary Lumbee ancestral families from the Tidewater region of Virginia into northeastern North Carolina and then down into present-day Robeson County, North Carolina. They found that 80% of those identified as free people of color (or other) in the Federal censuses in North Carolina from 1790-1810 were descended from African Americans free in Virginia during the colonial period. From researching family histories through original documents, Heinegg and DeMarce have traced most Lumbee ancestors and have been able to construct genealogies that show the migration of people from Virginia to North Carolina. Most of those free African-American families in Virginia were descended from unions between white women (servant or free) and African men (servant, slave or free), reflecting the fluid nature of relationships among the working classes in early colonial years.The Lumbee are only using a Indian Identity to hide what they considered shameful long ago better to pass as Indian than Black and it worked.DNA results have backed this research up since Indian DNA is not found in your typical Lumbee,none.This explains why the Lumbee have no Indian language or customs or heritage.

one that would speak of a mans blood,does that mean we have a living god amoung us. how dare you,have you ever lived in any other place other than your moms boosem,if you have,then you would get it ,never clam something that you do not know one dame thing,come on to robeson county visit its people,then feel free to open thy mouth.

stan,if you know history as well as you think you do,then you might know,the indian removal act of 1830,througt all of us together on the trail of tears,my great grand mother was born on that trail,because you we insualted by our presence then and now.unless you feel proud of what you,ve done to my people,don,t tell us who we are.

Paul Heinng has bee totally destoyed in educated deabtes on his research. Paul attempted to use anyone listed as free person of color as black. As for the language. The Lumbee does have a language. their main language is Tuscarora. They also have plenty of customs and heritage. Also if you knew about DNA, I greaty ask you to contact any DNA company to verifiy this…that DNA does not show race, also If a indian woman married a white guy or black guy..which is what happens in 90 percent of the case on the East coast…they will not show a Indian Haplo group. DNA is not a race test. DNA also only tests for 1 surname on your family tree…. if you have 30 surnames on your family tree..then that dna only showed the haplo group of that one surname…..so out of 30 surnames only 1 is showed.

I’ve seen the results from core Lumbee, and they say far more at 7.5 times more Black than Indian at 23% Black and 3% Indian averaged. Those are just the 3 that I’ve seen though, but they are core families married to other core families

does that mean that because most african americans dont speak or practice african language or customs that they are not black. Lumbees are not the only tribe to have lost their culture or language from the early assimilation from the white settlers.

No not an idiot just revealing the truth ,this group known as Lumbee has no Indian language ,no indian culture or customs not copied at a powwow, the Dna results have no yielded Indian Dna form those tested and their are no historical records connecting Lumbees to any Tribe and the genealogy records of the Lumbee families when done by genealogist have led to Unions between free black males and white females only.Lumbees ancestors prior to 1895 when given the chance in civil records to identify as Indian not once identified as Indian nor courts,marriage,tax,land ,deeds, not once identified as Indian or native american but now with the advent of CASINOs everyboby wants that to get free money and a Casino ,I believe we have been fool by politicians seeking votes from the Lumbee group.

actually modern DNA testing of some of the core Lumbee families have shown an average of over 30% American Indian markers with a residual less than 1% West Coast African markers and the remainder are Scotch and English markers.

There are actually HUNDREDS of documents dating to BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR that reflect that these families were claiming to de the descendents of Native Americans. Mnay were taxed as “Indian” prior to the Civil War, many who temporarily moved beyond Robeson were censused as “Indian” in 1850, many showed up as “Indian” on their War of 1812 enlistements, and many were issued affidavits of Indian ancestry by county courts prior to the Civil War to ensure that they would not be subject to slave-cathers…

Why does the 1872,NEW YORK HERALD AND NEW YORK TIMES LIST THE ROBESON COUNTY AREA AS,

“THE MULATTO CAPITOL”(and goes on to further clear this up with a definition,not my words but news facts of local and national 1872 era papers)new york herald 1872,

“AN IMEMMORIAL FREE NEGRO SETTLEMENT” THE LARGEST IN THE USA AND NORTH CAROLINA, scuffleton “AN HOMOGENOUS “NEGRO COMMUNITY” AND THATS THE QUOTE NOT MY WORDS!! IT FURTHER STATE FREE SLAVES OF TORRIES AND QUAKERS HAVING MULTIPLIED WITH RUNAWAYS SINCE COLONIAL TIMES FORMED THIS COMMUNITY. IF IT WAS SUCH A LARGE TRIBE OF INDIANS THERE THEY WOULD OF STATED THAT, IT FUTHER GIVES POPULATION STATS AND SAYS OF THE FULL BLOODED INDIANS “NONE” WERE IN ROBESON COUNTY BUT ALL WERE FURTHER WEST NEAR THE MOUNTAINS.

not true. does that mean that because most african americans dont speak or practice african language or customs that they are not black. Lumbees are not the only tribe to have lost their culture or language from the early assimilation from the white settlers.

In 1853, the North Carolina Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the state’s restrictions on free people of color’s bearing arms without a license. Noel Locklear, in State v. Locklear, was convicted for the illegal possession of firearms.[38][39][40] In 1857, William Chavers from Robeson County, now considered a Lumbee/Tuscarora ancestor because of his surname, was arrested and charged as a “free person of color” for carrying a shotgun. Chavers, like Locklear, was convicted. Chavers promptly appealed, arguing that the law restricted only “free Negroes,” not “persons of color from Indian blood.” The appeals court reversed the lower court, finding that “free persons of color may be, then, for all we can see, persons colored by Indian blood”.

Come on Stan. You need to do more research. I have done my research and have concluded that I am descended from various tribes and I can prove that with documents. Yet, I have to live with people like you who get most of their information from Wikipedia and hung up on why census takers listed us as mulatto instead of Indian. That was not a choice for our people. That usually was up to the census taker and based on tax claims. If you would check you will see that some census records list some Indian families as white as well and then the same family later would be listed as mulatto. Really Stan, Wikipedia? Did you know that 21,000,000 European Americans in the United States have a blood line that leads back to those unions between Black men and White women in Virginia and yet they still identify White? Why have you not proclaimed that those people are not White? Our quest for recognition has been going on since well before the creation of Indian casinos in the 1970’s and people like you who know half truths and half lies use that and the idea of casinos to fight against us. You need to read some books, then read some more books, meet the people, and not take everything you read as the truth. You are entitled to your opinion but I’m just sorry you are wrong. I am a proud LUMBEE/Cheraw and you are hurting my kids and my students when you say things like this and convey your own ignorance.

what about the facial features of the lumbee people ive met alot of them and ive never seen one that looks indian but you can defenatly see the black in there facial feature im indian myself and ive seen lots of indians from other tribes and real indians look like indians not black people

whatever detractors say, our elders would want us to keep each persons humanity front and center. if someone is tearing down lumbee people (or white people) its because they most likely werent taught how to conduct themselves and if they were they are shaming their community. Anyone who knows lumbee people know they are as indian as any indians in the south. hold to what our old elders taught us about how to conduct ourselves so we can be a good example to the young people following. being a community is more important than being a indian, a whiteman, or any individual or thing. dozens of generations of struggle by lumbee have led to todays unity of spirit. outsiders poisons can only hurt that so all folks be careful and turn to elders and community leaders when in need. If you dont have a leader or elder then be one and befriend a young indian in need. god knows theys enough of them in need of adult guidance and elders wisdom. to much hatred goin on and it only hurts those who carry it. times is better for the lumbee than ever before. these detractors isnt gonna stop the national spirit of the lumbee, only make it stronger.

That’s true, we do! But we also have a Native American ancestors, but Lumbee Indians also have black blood, because you can look at us and see that by our features, as well as European. This is because of the slave trade! Many of the women were raped! It was complete genocide, small pox and experimented on. Most of cousins are Lumbee and as far as not liking black, I don’t know. Our families have a traditional of only mingling with the Indians communities. Like Apaches etc!

So how does anyone prove your heritage ??? because of your pale skin color and that a heritage?????? Wrong…………. Let us be…. It’s none of you people’s business anyway….WE ARE LUMBEE……….. Love it or Leave it…………. your opinion doesn’t matter & Isn’t IMPORTANT TO MY PEOPLE…………… CROATAN’S ARE OUT NATIVE HERITAGE,WE ARE DESCENDANTS FORM THESE PEOPLE………….. DO YOUR HOMEWORK BEFORE YOU COMMENT ON SOMETHING YOUR IGNORANT ABOUT!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Lumbee ancestors,”THEY were compelled to patronize schools provided for the NEGRO race.Owing to a “BITTER PREJUDICE AGAINST NEGROES”[quote], but few availed themselves of the privilege, the greater part preferring that their children should grow up in IGNORANCE, rather than that they should be forced to “ASSOCIATION WITH A RACE THEY HOLD IN UTTER CONTEMPT thank you it is the Lumbee that are haters and racist against full blacks

yea but first you gotta be native not fake ass lumbee,,
Stan
June 8, 2010 at 5:56 pm
Lumbee true proven origins not Indigenous!
In the late 20th century, genealogists Paul Heinegg and Dr. Virginia E. DeMarce performed extensive research of primary source documents, such as deeds, land records, wills and court records to develop genealogies of free people of color in the Chesapeake Bay area during the colonial years. They have been able to trace the migration of numerous primary Lumbee ancestral families from the Tidewater region of Virginia into northeastern North Carolina and then down into present-day Robeson County, North Carolina. They found that 80% of those identified as free people of color (or other) in the Federal censuses in North Carolina from 1790-1810 were descended from African Americans free in Virginia during the colonial period. From researching family histories through original documents, Heinegg and DeMarce have traced most Lumbee ancestors and have been able to construct genealogies that show the migration of people from Virginia to North Carolina. Most of those free African-American families in Virginia were descended from unions between white women (servant or free) and African men (servant, slave or free), reflecting the fluid nature of relationships among the working classes in early colonial years.The Lumbee are only using a Indian Identity to hide what they considered shameful long ago better to pass as Indian than Black and it worked.DNA results have backed this research up since Indian DNA is not found in your typical Lumbee,none.This explains why the Lumbee have no Indian language

when europeans are afraid they use all manner of lies and myth to try to demean others..perhaps it time to look in thr mirror and do the real research ..Stop using stats the colonizers used to deny people thier rights. while enslaving the orig peo[ple and raping thier women?.u are pathetic. The stats u quote were stats written by racists..When in fact most of the free Afrikans * (there are no blacks) were descendants of African men and women not europeans. Pick up the book..”They came before Columbus” and read

True, Edith Spaulding was the only true Native American that linked us back to the tribe who married Benjamin Spaulding, forefather of the Jacobs who considered Indian. The quantam may low, I think most of us have European blood! You may be right! These ae the kind of disccusion I love! My grandmother was a Spaulding which today they call Lumbees, but she looked Indian, but could have had more European blood! I don’t think DNA lies! I would be suprised to see if I had much native American blood at all, I know that rapper Snoop Dogg was about 40% native American, no lie results on Jay Leno!

“125 years is a long time to wait for justice.” The time is now. I encourage everyone to contact friends all across this great nation and ask them to contact their congressional representatives and ask for support of Lumbee Federal Recognition.

Regarding the post mentioning the wikipedia article, there are documents pre-dating 1885 that mention non-white Robeson county residents firmly self-identifying as “Indian”. So this is not something that McMillan just made up out of the blue.

“DNA results have backed this research up since Indian DNA is not found in your typical Lumbee,none.”

This statement is simply not true. DNA tests of Lumbee people shows that clearly Native American DNA is present. Besides, a “tribe” is a cultural organization, not simply a genetic classification.

I think that this is ridiculous considering the fact that DNA traces everyone back to Africa at some point. And how is it that most whites have a small percentage of Native blood according to DNA, but an entire race of people who have always known themselves to be Indian have NONE, NADA, ZIP….haha…come on now! Seriously, who are you kidding? The Lumbee people are (with or without a language of their own) a people rich in culture who shouldn’t have to prove who they have always known themselves to be.

the truth hurts sometimes, and yes the DNA tells the entire truth. the lumbees are not a tri-racial isolate group no,no they are not! THE LUMBEES ARE A BI-RACIAL GROUP OF MAROONS OR MULLATOES,THEY ARE NOT AMERICAN INDIANS,AND THEY SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED STATE RECOGNITION AS AMERICAN INDIANS,ALSO THE SAPONIES,OCONEECHEES ECT…. THE BIGGEST TRIBE OF TRUE AMERICAN INDIANS IN ALL OF NORTH CAROLINA ARE THE FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED CHEROKEES AND THEIR DESCENDANTS LIVING IN THE WESTERN MOUNTAINS. every american should read paul heineggs’ studies for the truth of the lumbee mystery genealogies. and the huxford lumbee DNA results. they have most of the lumbee family names and both y-dna lines and mtch lines. 96% of lumbees are mixed african and white no indian at all.of the last 4% small amounts of trace native is found,and it too is mixed with more african & european than indian. americans of all races learn the truth of the lumbee myth,they are not a tribe of indians, they are and always have been a false group of lies, vote no for lumbee federal recognition!!!!!!! spread this know to every fed tribe in usa,

Paul Heinegg is a haphazzard researcher with an agenda to “reveal the huge numbers of Free Negroes who before today have gone unnoticed in American history”…he is much like the ‘Alien Hunters’ who see Aliens in every document, every ancient building, every legend of fairies, ghosts, etc.

PH’s work is full of “possibly”, “could have Been” and other key words which serve as red flags to any serious researcher…using Heineggs method of historical research you could tie George Washington back to a ‘Free African” because his last name was Washington and there was a “Free Mulatoe Jimmy alias Washington” who was living near where George was born….rediculous

Are you serious truthhammer– have you looked at the population of the Cherokee, the Hispanic/Mexican and White/German races have encroached about the Cherokee for hundreds of years and yes as the Freedman now fight for their rights within the tribes of the Cherokee and members now provide the integration of the African bloodline can you truly use the name truth and hammer in one breath. History may show that during the ice age and Hispanic/Mexican hunting years that many natives of the southeastern region possibly obtain mixed bloodline of South America. this storm brewing in these dialog’s are surly to change many policies within the government and place everyone eventually into that melting pot of hot brewing. Let everyone remember the coastal tribes endured long before any other tribes in the United States did. Survival of tribes persisted and yes like the Cherokee adopted the Catawba, so did small bands on the coast gather. Your ignorance of history is miss place.

this is so true the Lumbee will go to untold lenghts to hide ,conceal and deny the real african and european heritage they have ,its no wonder they have no indian language,relegion, or any indian customs as they have none and never did.they have no indian names either only english and scottish ones and for a group that overstates its indian heritage one would expect more indian links but lumbee have none and are good at twisting and tenous links to indians even when they dont exist.get over it lumbee is a made up name and suits a made up group of wannabees.They do not wanna just be mulattos bi-racial they insist on being brave wariors ,but thats a typical american fantasy just stop trying to get the public to validate and pay for your fantasys,Lumbee,croatan,sioun,cherokee of robeson or what ever name u cling on to this year!!.

hey pony hill, seems like the truth hurts.one only has to go to roberson county,nc. to confirm this just look at the lumbee people.they are not indians, they should have their state recognition as american indians revoked. they have been proven to be african/caucasian mixed people,otherwise known as mulattoes or maroons,mustees,ect…now the lumbees are an interesting people no doubt,but it is certainly stretching the truth quite abit to say that they are really american indians and not mulattoes. the group trying to be a tribe called lumbee is in fact the biggest group of bi-racial mulattoes in the southeastern united states, and that’s a fact, there is no tri-racial isolates being the majority here, but bi-racial african/caucasian mixed people the majority. the same holds true for saponies,ocaneechees,ect… if you want to know where the real indians live in north carolina,you have to visit the cherokees.they are true bonfide indians not no phony lumpers,making up stories, if you think you can dispute DNA RESULTS,well,i’m not gonna call you stupid,but don’t try to play on my team anytime soon. and genealogy of paul heinegg we got the volumes and the B.I.A. knows all about this too. thank god,some fine researchers in these two distinct fields of study have stepped forward to shed the light of truth on this subject. i mean what kind of people think that they are the a tribe biggest of all other indians in the eastern states unbeknown to us all.i’ll tell you joker,thems tha lumbees. well,the truths out now and everyone will know the truth. just look at how this whole country usa is learning. see ya.

Indians dont have kinky hair , plain and simple I am cherokee and know my indian heritage. My grand mother was born on the reservation in cherokee ,her grand mother walked the trail of tears. my mother married a man of french hertiage ,and moved from sylva NC 12 miles from cherokee to the coastl plains of NC. My grandfather worked as a tenent farmer on another mans land ,and told my mother and her brothers and sisters of their proud cherolkee hertiage. I have visited lumberton, pembroke , and as a half cherokee indian ,I kinda chuckled when speaking with some locals there as they spoke of their proud chrokee hertiage. They can call themselves whatever they choose ,I could care less until they use the words cherokee hertiage , that riles me up ,as a cherokee i denounce these folks as cherokee do not have big lips and kinky hair .

stan, you keep up the good work exposing this junk. they will knock you, but god loves those who work from truth.what you are doing is good. it is wrong for people who are not indians to be taking funds that rightfully belongs to American Indians and pretending to a lie just to receive that which does not belong to them. federal recognition through the B.I.A is the only way to go about it. if the lums can’t make it,then that should tell us something. the government knows just like the lumbees do, who and what they really are. the biggest bi-racial group of mulattoes,maroons,mustees,east of louisiana,a community comprised of ancestry of african/caucasian bloodlines and not of american native indian lines,the truth is out finally,now join with us to spread it to the four corners of the world. LUMBEES, IT’S OKAY TO BE BLACK & WHITE, ACCEPT YOURSELVES, MAKE YOURSELVES USEFUL TO AMERICAN, BUT FIRST, PLEASE LEAVE AMERICAN INDIANS MONIES ALONE, AND GROW UP TO WHAT YOU REALLY ARE.

truthhammer — you really do not have any education do you, you really are as ignorant as you comments are showing. When did a true native person require the government to tell them they were native or indigenous to their own lands. Basically all about the mighty dollar. Let me see the Eastern Cherokee call the Western Cherokee traders, and not Cherokee as they sold them self out because the left the eastern region of GA and did not fight and die like the rest fighting and hiding to survive, and in 1932 on 1500 hundred “Cherokee” were in the mountain region. The Cherokee Nation had such a great division that the traditional’s left and became the Kituwah. Whitemankiller open the doors to the decedents with less bloodline of full, half and fourth, and the eastern Cherokee blood line is below this measure as well. Oh and lets not forget about all the five dollar Indians that take away from the “true” Cherokee. Now let’s talk about you growing up — before you spat off to information that has half truths to them look in your own back door or front or side door. The history of the Cherokee is not as pure as you would like it to be as if the enrollment was truly looked at a recount may need to be accomplished. As mentioned you may want to look into how many true Hispanic/Mexican blood lines as well the number of African and German life lines take funds away from the true Cherokee.

Go to Washingtonwatch.com HR 27 Lumbee Bill and you will see where they post exactly the same comments. The Cherokee are scared they will have some casino competition and these guys want to keep that money! If you read the post by True Native Lumbee/Cheraw and Pony Hill you will get the real history of the Lumbee!!!!

Funny that you mention this, and not the discredit Steven T that was shared over the news media of the Cherokee being in a 1billion dollar debt, and how the Cherokee’s monies are being miss used, how many years ago was that when the tribe miss used the children’s per- capita funding’s was that not in the news two or three years ago. Now this is kinda bad when tribal representatives steel from their children — hmm when was that in the news media?? Should the discredit of all the wrong doing of all tribes be mentioned… hmmm there is a lot of history out there of tribal miss use of funding sources. Would you like a list?

Sometimes the truth hurts! I might have to go back and reavaluate myslef, becuase I have been told all my life that my family had Native American ancestry, which could be true. My grandmother would be what would be considered today as being Lumbee. If DNA proves differently I wouldn’t be mad at all! If some of have it, it would be such a small percentage that I would be suprised to see if I have any at all. My cousins and most of my family are Lumbees! We are in for a rude awakening if DNA proves differently! It doesn’t matter, because I still proud to be me!

When North Carolina Governor Matthew Rowan dispatched surveying parties in 1753 to count Indians in the state, the report stated there are “no Indians in the county.Inhabitants of Bladen County with characteristically Lumbee names were classified as “Mullato.Genealogical researcher Paul Heinegg traced the 35 Mullato families listed on the 1768-1770 Bladen County tax rolls and 24 other free”families listed as Robeson County residents in the 1790-1800 censuses back to free persons referred to as”Negro” or Mulatto” in Virginia or North Carolina. http://www.freeafricanamericans.comPaul Heinegg,”Free African Americans of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,a colonial proclamation in 1773 listed the names of Robeson County inhabitants who took part in a “Mob Railously Assembled together,”The proclamation declared that ” he Above list of Rogus,” which included many characteristically Lumbee names, is all Free Negors and Mullatus living upon the Kings Land.”

A colonial military survey described, “50 families a mixt crew a lawless People possess the Lands without Patent or paying quit Rents.” [ [http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/lhr/25.3/gross.html Ariela Gross | “Of Portuguese Origin”: Litigating Identity and Citizenship among the “Little Races” in Nineteenth-Century America | Law and History Review, 25.3 | The History Cooperative ] ]

In the first federal census of 1790, the ancestors of the Lumbee were among those enumerated as “free persons of color,” a category used to describe free Negroes and Mullatos and meaning freed African slaves or products of mixed race unions. [U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1790] In subsequent censuses, they were counted in “all other free persons” or later “Mulatto.” In the 1870 census, the first in which “Indian” was a separate category, almost all Robeson County residents with characteristically Lumbee names were classified as “Mulatto

The full-blood Cherokee in Alabama were listed the same way as the Lumbee in the same time period but Steve is not interested in disproving Cherokee blood BECAUSE HE IS CHEROKEE! I have census records, birth certificates, death certificates, all Indian school records, and marriage certificates from this time period that record these people as Indian as the term was used then.

STEVE!

In 1705 the Virginia Legislature passed into law that “the offspring of an Indian and a White is a Mulatto.” This law went on to state that if the half-Indian ‘mulatto’ was to marry a white person then that ‘mulatto’ and his or her offspring were to be legally regarded as ‘white’ (this is undoubtedly where the notion that a person should be of at least ¼ blood to be considered an Indian arose). The Virginians were using the word ‘mulatto’ in its historical usage, from the root word ‘mule’, meaning any crossbreed. With the independent formation of the lower southern states, each state adopted racial classifications roughly equivalent to that of Virginia. Florida’s official race laws stipulated that any mixed-blood person, whether of white/Negro, white/Indian, Indian/Negro, white/Hispanic, or whatever, were to be legally and socially classified as ‘mulatto’. Here is my source!!!! (http://nativeamericansofdelawarestate.com/Mulatto%20Classification%20of%20Indian%20Families%20&%20Laws.htm)

Get real— Anyone darker that the European were given a name outside of there traditional callings. as at the time the Indonesian were the Indians and not the tribes in North America. I am sitting here trying to understand why I am even engaging in such ignorance to the practices of what occurred hundreds of years ago. Should we go into the Mooney stories, and how natives just told stories to humor the European– my gracious.

Stan and Steve…… I see that your copy and paste buttons still work!!! You have stated on this page word for word the same exact lies you posted on the Washingtonwatch.com HR 27 Lumbee Bill page!!! You both have shown that neither of you have the common sense to form your own opinions on this subject!!! This really boils down to pure greed and hatred. I as a Native American have always wanted to see other Natives prosper no matter the tribe. It is very clear that the two of you are scared that another tribe means a smaller piece of the pie for you!! As a member of the Lumbee tribe I could care less about one red cent, it’s all about the recognition that our people deserve and YES there are some in our tribe that could use the grants for education, and care for our elderly…see these are true needs, neither of you would know anything about because you can’t find that on Wikipedia!!! Furthermore you could care less because the bottom line is greed for you!!! The two of you should feel very ashamed of yourselves….I don’t even know how you can call yourselves men!!! Our ancestors who fought shoulder to shoulder as one against the very evil you posses would be so disappointed!!!! Y’all keep copying and pasting the same idiotic lies and we will keep fighting for the recognition that we will get because WE deserve it!!! The both of you are a disgrace to All Native Americans !!!

Lumbee ancestors,”THEY were compelled to patronize schools provided for the NEGRO race.Owing to a “BITTER PREJUDICE AGAINST NEGROES”[quote], but few availed themselves of the privilege, the greater part preferring that their children should grow up in IGNORANCE, rather than that they should be forced to “ASSOCIATION WITH A RACE THEY HOLD IN UTTER CONTEMPT the lumbee are not indians they are posers

And their Spirit . Sell your Soul….Sell Your heritage. Steal others Heritage. THeives and Predators…… Seems if you aint got nuttin good to say…. Shut the Heck Up….. Get a life hating real killers , Killers, killing is their Game….. Go to War… War with A People Broken and searching for recognition is Soooooo Predatorily Acceptable. Just know WE FIGHT BACK…….I say We because I stand fAgainst injustice in this Time of Victims and Predators. Who would I be if I did not Defend what I believed was and Is Right….. You Predators act like the money or assets are yours…… Silly Man thinks he is of The People… NOT None of us are……..Wea re not of Pure Blood none of US are. if so YOU PROVE IT……..Show me, Show us \. I wanna see you accomplish this feat….

The majority of the Lumbee males are group R1b. R1b has been shown to be a defining marker for the eastern woodland Indian paternal lines, and the Indo-Europeans. The paternal marker for the Viking lines, group Il, shows up with notable frequency. So far the Q line shows up in the Cummings, Scott, Woodell, and Morgan families. The A-D + Q line is most likely a central American Indian line. Admixture with Scots-Irish immigrants (Scotland county) has also introduced fiery red hair in some Lumbee families. Admixture with half-black half-white migrants from Virginia during the late 1800’s has introduced African features in some Lumbee people, and the E1b marker.

This data would seem to suggest that during the last ice age there were two possibilities for migration across land bridges. Some admixture with the Lost Colonists, if true, may have been the source for (hazel, green, blue) eyes, (blond, brown) hair, and pale skin which quickly turns into a reddish brown color when exposed to sunlight, along with male pattern baldness and excess body hair. These European features could have resulted from Viking contact that far predated Columbus.

The Lumbee people of Prospect, Red Hill, Pembroke, Union Elementary (710 dragstrip area), Union Chapel, Saddletree, and Evans Crossroad are more than 75% American Indian, and tend to take Indian mating partners. Some of these people are blatantly racist and condemn mixing with other races. Fairmont Lumbee have more African DNA and show little or no racism and bigotry toward black people. Lumberton Lumbee are more white in appearance due to admixture with the high percentage of white people that live in the area.

Why does the 1872,NEW YORK HERALD AND NEW YORK TIMES LIST THE ROBESON COUNTY AREA AS,

“THE MULATTO CAPITOL”(and goes on to further clear this up with a definition, news facts of local and national 1872 era papers)new york herald 1872,

“AN IMEMMORIAL FREE NEGRO SETTLEMENT” THE LARGEST IN THE USA AND NORTH CAROLINA, scuffleton “AN HOMOGENOUS “NEGRO COMMUNITY” AND THATS THE QUOTE NOT MY WORDS!! IT FURTHER STATE FREE SLAVES OF TORRIES AND QUAKERS HAVING MULTIPLIED WITH RUNAWAYS SINCE COLONIAL TIMES FORMED THIS COMMUNITY. IF IT WAS SUCH A LARGE TRIBE OF INDIANS THERE THEY WOULD OF STATED THAT, IT FUTHER GIVES POPULATION STATS AND SAYS OF THE FULL BLOODED INDIANS “NONE” WERE IN ROBESON COUNTY BUT ALL WERE FURTHER WEST NEAR THE MOUNTAINS.

This dialog has been very interesting and true appreciation to the intelligence of great communication is prevalent, and the other was truly just rhetoric and ignorance. I can only hope that when the government opens the door once again the passing of full federal funding and recognition to my people now called “Lumbee” or “Lumbee/Cheraw” shall occur. Our contribution to the Indigenous population towards democracy practice, for better education has been seen through out all states for the Indigenous population, and even Washington can not deny. Our concern for all nations not just our own has been viewed and changed America. There will always be a handful who will fight and deny the truth as it is impossible to please all people. Until all Indigenous Nations stop pulling and pushing against each other a division will tare into the heart of our lands of North American and is more prevalent now than ever. I find that President Obama’s tribal representatives put in place have also widened or created more problems than what should be stirring. I find that until those who deny us as an Indigenous population that these lands will continue to persist in turmoil. An awaken was created that many do not or can not adhere to as many medicine people has shared profound information that has not been shared. Be careful of your words when speaking. My people are no different than any other tribe that walks this earth the Lumbee deserves equal respect like any other Indigenous group.

Lumbee ancestors,”THEY were compelled to patronize schools provided for the NEGRO race.Owing to a “BITTER PREJUDICE AGAINST NEGROES”[quote], but few availed themselves of the privilege, the greater part preferring that their children should grow up in IGNORANCE, rather than that they should be forced to “ASSOCIATION WITH A RACE THEY HOLD IN UTTER CONTEMPT

proud Lumbee from Saddletree I have been many places round the world and all the indians I see have similar traits to my Lumbee people, was even at a Cherokee pow wow where Lumbee dancers and singers was present and performing and the only way you could tell they was from a diffrent tribe was the proud Lumbee colors being presented,

Sam, Steve Truth, Truth hammer,
or Stan. These are all one in the same and these people are spreading the same political propaganda. These people are paid by theCherokee to fight the Lumbee Bill and they will misinterpret the truth and flat out lie to do it.

Why does the 1872,NEW YORK HERALD AND NEW YORK TIMES LIST THE ROBESON COUNTY AREA AS,
Robeson County not Indian capitol but free african american!!!
“THE MULATTO CAPITOL”(and goes on to further clear this up with a definition,not my words but news facts of local and national 1872 era papers)new york herald 1872,

“AN IMEMMORIAL FREE NEGRO SETTLEMENT” THE LARGEST IN THE USA AND NORTH CAROLINA, scuffleton “AN HOMOGENOUS “NEGRO COMMUNITY” AND THATS THE QUOTE NOT MY WORDS!! IT FURTHER STATE FREE SLAVES OF TORRIES AND QUAKERS HAVING MULTIPLIED WITH RUNAWAYS SINCE COLONIAL TIMES FORMED THIS COMMUNITY. IF IT WAS SUCH A LARGE TRIBE OF INDIANS THERE THEY WOULD OF STATED THAT, IT FUTHER GIVES POPULATION STATS AND SAYS OF THE FULL BLOODED INDIANS “NONE” WERE IN ROBESON COUNTY BUT ALL WERE FURTHER WEST NEAR THE MOUNTAINS.

THE NORTH CARLINA BANDITS
Being a Complete History of
THE MODERN ROB ROYS AND ROBIN HOODS
by George Alfred Townsend
New York: Robert M. De Witt , Publisher
1872
The Lowerys had once been slave-holders, and Henry Berry always referred to the full blacks as “neggers.”
Lowery gang shot dead a negro belonging to one Joe Thompson, who lived at Ashpole Swamp,[p.39] THE MULATTO CAPITAL
Origin of the Free Negro Settlement
Lumberton, N.C., Feb. 26, 1872
At the same time Robeson county had 126 slave mulattoes and 5,329 slave [p.45] blacks. Altogether the county contained 15,489 souls, the free population making almost two-thirds.
NEW YORK HERALD 1872,feb,26
It stood considerably above the average counties of the State in slaves and population, and out of the full-blooded Indians (1,158 in number) ascribed to North Carolina, “NONE “were set down either to Robeson or Halifax county or Scuffletown,”over whose name and etymology there seems to be debate, Nobody in the whole region could account for this free negro settlement an immemorial free negro settlement–one of the two large aggregations of yellow men which has existed in North Carolina since the organization of society.
I conceive that these negroes might have been the slaves of tories driven from the State at the close of the Revolution, or of the emancipated slaves of the Quakers, and that they increased and multiplied by accessions from runaways of all neighboring free negroes with a homogenous settlement.

THE LUMBEE BILL IN CONGRESS DOES NOTHING TO FURTHER PROMOTE ANY INDIAN HERITAGE AS LUMBEE HAVE NONE AT ALL,ANYONE CAN COPY OTHERS AND BRINGS NOTHING AUTHENTIC OR ORIGINAL TO THE TABLE AND IN NO WAY OFFERS ANY BENEFIT TO THE AMERICAN PUBLIC(AT A COST OF $800 MILLION DOLLARS EVERY 4 YEARS FOR ETERNITY IF PASSED)AND GROWING AS LUMBEE ENROLLMENT INCREASES.AND DOES NOT OFFER FEDERAL TRIBES ANY BENEFIT BY THEIR FULL FEDERAL RECOGNITION EXCEPT TO DESTROY THE INTEGRITY AND AUTHENTICITY OF FEDERAL TRIBES THAT HAVE MAINTAINED THEIR HERITAGE OR BEEN ENROLLED THROUGH TREATYS OR LAND BASE AUTHENTICITY.THE HISTORY OF ABORIGINAL PEOPLES IS BEING FALSELY ALTERED BY A GROUP OF MULATTOS,CREOLE,BI-RACIALS ATTEMPTING TO SELF-IDENTIFY AS ABORIGINAL EVEN THOUGH THEY HAVE NO LAND BASE,NO INDIAN LANGUAGE,NO RELEGION,NO INDIAN CUSTOMS OR INDIAN HERITAGE AT ALL.AND MOST OF ALL NOT REALLY CERTAIN OF THEIR INDIAN ORIGINS(NO INDIAN DNA MARKERS HAVE BEEN ATTRIBUTED TO LUMBEES ONLY EURO AND AFRICAN DNA MARKERS

I conceive that these negroes might have been the slaves of tories driven from the State at the close of the Revolution, or of the emancipated slaves of the Quakers, and that they increased and multiplied by accessions from runaways, by the birth rate of force exerted on them an by the necessity of union or the sympathy of all neighboring free negroes with a homogenous settlement.

The yellow woman commonly has a baby at the breast, and from half a dozen to a dozen playing outside on the edges of the swamp.It stood considerably above the average counties of the State in slaves and population, and out of the full-blooded Indians (1,158 in number) ascribed to North Carolina, none were set down either to Robeson or Halifax county.scuffleton

The records show the lumbee core familys to be accurate just as Heinegg and Demarce genealogy states they are not an Indian tribe but a strata of free negro and Mulatto mixes that were Free Negroes and came to rest in the same area of Robeson County then claimed to be the lost Indian colony Dna has verified the white /black mix only,with political backing and without a drop of Indian culture,customs or language they were able to”PASS” self-identify as Indian mixes instead of”Negro”mixes despite all accurate historical records as Negro and Mulatto,the lumbee have been mistakenly included as Indian due to political early 20th century lobbying efforts to seperate themselves from full blooded Negroes, they were never tribal or part of any tribal government,lumbee have live only as”Individuals”the exact same as any other colonist and purchased land in Robeson county in the same manner.These lumbee do not qualify as an historic tribe only as a strata of FREE “NEGROES and MULATTOS

Home of the Lumbees you see no “Indian settlement” no Indian tribe here,just a black and white mix,”Mulatto” local Indians long gone and extinct replaced by the scottish welsh and african free and slave. Scuffletown known known as “Pembroke,NC” the lumbee capitol or the Mulatto capitol.Not an Indian settlement but an Imemmorial FREE Negro community,a homogenous negro community as quoted,New York herald 1872,and that statement sums it all up!!Not Indians but Blacks and black white mixed.what you wannabee little one is not always what you are,the facts speak aloud,Scuffletown(Pembroke)” An Imemmorial Free negro Community”,”a Homogenous negro community”,NewYork Herald 1872.NewYork Times

Your DNA against mine anyday!!!! You people said put up or shut up! Here it is STEVE T!!!! What? You don’t trust DNA now or what? You don’t want to make a deal because you already know you’ll lose!!! I’m looking for you to slip STEVIE !!!

Lieutenant Birney of the Freedman’s Bureau, a federal agency created to deal with the newly emancipated slaves, was placed in charge of a multiple murder investigation focused on the outlawed Lowrie gang. Two suspects wrote a letter intended to cloud the Bureau’s jurisdiction over the Lowries, referring to them as follows: “They are said to be descended from the Tuscarora Indians. They have always claimed to be Indian & disdained the idea that they are in any way connected with the African race.” 1862

1872, George Alfred Townsend published The Swamp Outlaws, a book about the Lowrie Gang. Townsend expounds on the Indian theory of origin, describing Henry Berry Lowrie, the leader of the gang, as being of mixed Tuscarora and white blood and then went on to say of Pop Oxendine, “Like the rest, he had the Tuscarora Indian blood in him”

A colonial proclamation in 1773 listed the names of Robeson County inhabitants who took part in a “Mob Railously Assembled together,” apparently defying the efforts of colonial officials to collect taxes. The proclamation declared the “Above list of Rogus” [sic], which included many names of those since defined as traditionally Lumbee/Tuscarora families, “is all Free Negors [sic, Negroes] and Mullatus [mulattoes] living upon the Kings Land.” Later a colonial military survey described, “50 families a mixt crew a lawless People possess the Lands without Patent or paying quit Rents.”

Mulattos may also be an admixture of Native American, South American native and African Americans according to Henings Statutes of Virginia 1705, which reads as follows: “And for clearing all manner of doubts which hereafter may happen to arise upon the construction of this act, or any other act, who shall be accounted a mulatto, Be it enacted and declared, and it is hereby enacted and declared, That the child of an Indian and the child, grand child, or great grand child, of a negro shall be deemed, accounted, held and taken to be a mulatto.”

Colonial tax records from 1768 to 1770 identified Thomas Britt as the only Indian in Bladen County. Britt is not a surname traditionally associated with Lumbee families. Inhabitants of Bladen County with surnames that have been traditionally associated with Lumbee families were classified as “Mullato,” or non-White, or simply Other in the tax records.

The Lumbee Constitution refers to these census lists as the“Source Documents.”Yet the individuals on these lists cannot be specifically identified and verified as”Cheraw Indians” on any source.*In fact, these individuals cannot be identified as belonging to any tribe whatsoever”.

These are simply lists of people who self-identified themselves with the census as“Indian

Scuffletown(pembroke,NC)the Lumbee/Croatan Capitol,got its name from the long scuffle of the whites and the slaves and make freedom under the condition of color,contemptible among the “mulattoes”.I conceive that these “negroes” have been the slaves of Tories driven from the State at the close of the Revolution,and of the emancipated slaves of the Quakers,that they increased and multiplied by accessions from runaways,by the birth rate of force exerted on them an by the necessity of union or the sympathy of all neighboring free negroes with a homogenous Negro settlement.”NEW YORK TIMES 1872″note*negro not Indian*

Why do you change your name from Steve Truth to Steve T. to S. Truth to S. Duyukdv to Steve Duyukdv? It all means the same thing between English and Cherokee. Are you trying to hide or what? Steve Truth: IP: 209.184.113.251

Tribal leaders then seized upon the idea of claiming “Cherokee” heritage. In 1913, over the objections of the existing recognized Cherokee tribes, North Carolina legislators added “Cherokee” to the name of the Robeson County tribe, renaming them

“Cherokee Indians of Robeson County.” This change was followed by a new round of petitions 4 SEPERATE PETITIONS OVER 40 YEARS TO BE RECOGNIZED AS CHEROKEE,seeking federal recognition as “Cherokee” Indians. All were denied.

In 1924,the future Lumbee petitioned for federal recognition as “Siouan” Indians. This petition, was rejected, in part because”Siouan”is a language, not a tribe.

In 1934, the future Lumbee revived their claim to Cherokee identity, joining the National Congress of American Indians under the name, “Cherokee Indians of Robeson County

registered himself, again as a BLACKMAN in mecklenburg as FREE and NEGRO at the age of 67 in 1803 and 6 feet tall. HE DIDNT EVEN STATE “MULATTO” HE SAID CLEARLY

“I AM A BLACK MAN”

CALLING HIM ANYTHING OTHER THAN THAT IS A “DISHONOR TO A PROUD BLACKMAN” !!!! YOU DISHONOR HIM A SUCESSFUL BLACKMAN ! I GUESS YOU BELEIVE BECAUSE HE WAS BLACK HE WAS NOT CAPABLE OF HIS ACCOMPLISHMENTS! YOU DISHONOR HIM AND HIS STATEMENT,

“I AM A BLACK MAN”

HE NEVER SAID “I AM AN INDIAN, SO DONT FABRICATE OR TWIST THE FACTS JUST GO WITH THEM.THIS IS WHAT A LUMBEE DOES

“YOU ARE SHOWING THE PUBLIC HOW YOU TWIST” TANGABLE CLEAR FACTS TO SUIT YOUR WISHES AND WANTS,NOT WHAT IT CLEARLY IS!

Failure seems to be the only strategy for the Lumbee leadership these days.

Rather than respond to the legitimate concerns of its members, the Tribal government has increased its threats against those who seek to hold them accountable. Mr. Swett has said, “people are going to get hurt.” Implying that Lewin will target anyone voicing opposition to his contract. Others have threatened our enrollment status – a strategy used by other tribes’ officials who were seeking to protect their portion of future casino profits.

Their fear tactics will not discourage us. We will not abandon the fight for accountability.

what about the facial features of the lumbee people that should stand for something seeings how that is as identifiable as youre dna ive met alot of lumbees and not one single one even resemble indian features im also indian myself and i have met lots of other indians from different tribes and they look indian real indians look like indians thats the true facts and thats just the way it is facial features dont lie no matter what a piece of paper says or what you wish you were you look black because youre asses are black not indian you ought to be ashamed weve been through enough with all other peoples we dont youre asses aho comayatey

wow! I lived in Robeson county (saint Pauls) for over 10 yrs and I saw a lot of liscense plates that stated native pride on them..Shouldnt this apply to all indigenous tribes? I would think that all indians would want to help each other. as for the whole black white indian thing..Arent most races mixed now?

Understandably, the Lumbees of today have been brought up believing that their indian, so naturally they are gonna get pissed off if you tell them otherwise, and I’m not gonna debate it. However I do have one question: Lets say that you are indians, okay? With all of the intermixing that’s going on betwen Lumbees, blacks and whites today, at what point would you consider your selves no longer “Indians”? For example, I personally know a guy and his three sisters whom are Mixed: Lumbee and White. The guy has children with a white girl and all of his sisters have children with black men! Are their heavily mixed children still “Lumbee” indians? If yes, then how so? What percentage of indian blood do you believe makes a person a Lumbee? I’m not trying to cause problems, I’m really curious about this, as I’ve noticed that –in some areas–a good number of Lumbee females are having black children and there’s a whole lot of white females having Lumbee children. There’s gotta be a cut-off point for determining who’s a Lumbee. I also know some black guys who are black as charcoal whom also claim that they are Lumbees. Your thoughts?

Prior to the birth of her kids, she was listed as white in 1860. My grandfather said mixed race people found a haven in Scuffletown. That’s why they flocked there. It wasn’t until then I realized that it was all a facade. It has all been coming to light since census records have become easily accessible online. My mother says that the heritage issue is of conversation every time she is at Dr. Brooks office or at the fish market – now, that folks can search for themselves. With that said, I can say the Lumbee Recognition is for identity – for a large segment of people who don’t identify as black or white. It is hard to turn back the clock when you have identified your yourself as a native foneemo5@hotmail.comr so long.

dont cut me off loweA Robesonianry we have black ancestry

In 1956, they could not have foreseen the Internet and DNA to tell the story. It’s just an interesting dynamic.

I’m from Robeson County. My grandfather use to debate the Lost Colony theory with Adolph Dial. I wasn’t sure what the big deal was until I was assigned a family tree project by my teacher, James Earl Lowery. When all the students began to share,

we all stopped our trees about the same time period. The kid behind me said that where the Black ancestors begin.

It wasn’t until that time my grandparents began to open up. My grandmother began to tell me about the story of her great grandmother who was white and bore two children by a former Black slave. Her last name was Freeman in Marion, SC. I found her in 1870 census listed as mulatto

Skin color is not a strong indicator aof admixture, There are some very dark skinned African Americans who are more admixed than some of the high yellows. This was not thought to be the case before dna, but there are many threads on 23andme discussing this surprising revelation. This very dark-skinned Black guy claims Lumbee, and his results show more Native(at least se Asian) blood than ANY Lumbee than I’ve seen, but his last name is Oxendine………………………………..

The Lumbee Constitution refers to these census lists as the“Source Documents.”Yet the individuals on these lists cannot be specifically identified and verified as”Cheraw Indians” on any source.*In fact, these individuals cannot be identified as belonging to any tribe whatsoever”.

These are simply lists of people who self-identified themselves with the census as“Indian

Scuffletown(pembroke,NC)the Lumbee/Croatan Capitol,got its name from the long scuffle of the whites and the slaves and make freedom under the condition of color,contemptible among the “mulattoes”.I conceive that these “negroes” have been the slaves of Tories driven from the State at the close of the Revolution,and of the emancipated slaves of the Quakers,that they increased and multiplied by accessions from runaways,by the birth rate of force exerted on them an by the necessity of union or the sympathy of all neighboring free negroes with a homogenous Negro settlement.”NEW YORK TIMES 1872″note*negro not Indian*

I want to comment on Tony’s suggestion that our facial features aren’t Indian. First of all, I have been on practically all of the federally recognized websites and I can assure you there are dark blacks without straight hair in everyone. Secondly, the color of skin is without a doubt all over the place in everyone! Thirdly, the only thing I see different is the hearts and yours is very dark, my brother…..very very dark.

How do you expect us have true language we lost it through slavery, it was stripped of us. This is when they started dividing the lighter ones with the darker ones. The Cape Fear Indians retreated but were not defeated! Some left the area by 1725, but most stayed and lived among the European and black communities.

One didn’t the original “tribe” transplant from Maryland, or at least that is the myth. So no they do not live on ancestral lands. Second, they don’t truely have a culture, all of the Sir Names are Names that belonged to French and English settlers of the region and the native language of the tribe is english, both of these facts could only be true if the original members of the tribe were white settlers or escaped black slaves who took thier names and a few transplanted indians all of whom to to the swamps to hide from authorities, as local history of the folks living near the “tribe” details.

Just because some researchers at Pembroke got together over a few 40s and dreamed up a connection to the lost colony and snake oil peddlers in the 50s sold “do gooders” a story in Washington/Raleigh before we had the technology to know better doesn’t make it true.

Although are descendants may have mixed blood, our common acestry is still Native American. My grandma who was a Lumbee(croatan) from the Spaulding family. She was from Lake Waccamaw, affiliated with Pembroke, also the Grahams, Brown’s, Freeman’s, Moore’s, Blank’s, Campbells and many others! Yes we do have negroe, black blood, but that is besides the point. It is still Native American! The small percentage DNA ration is just another way to stop success! I hope our family does it get recognition! They said 18%, 20% was not enough! Does it matter, we are and will always BE THE CAPE FEAR INDIANS! Fierce Warriors and aint going no where!

In 1911, at the request of the Croatans,(yes at the request of the lumbee nobody forced them)

Tribal leaders then SEIZED upon the idea of claiming“Cherokee” heritage.In 1913,over the objections of the existing recognized Cherokee tribes,

North Carolina legislators at the request of the lumbee delegation added“Cherokee”to the name of the Robeson County tribe,renaming them

“Cherokee Indians of Robeson County.” This was followed by a new round of petitions 4 SEPERATE PETITIONS OVER 40 YEARS TO BE RECOGNIZED AS CHEROKEE,seeking federal recognition as “Cherokee” Indians. All were denied.

In 1924,the future Lumbee petitioned for federal recognition as “Siouan” Indians. This petition, was rejected, ”In 1934, the future Lumbee revived their claim to Cherokee identity,Nowadays its Saura

joining the National Congress of American Indians under the name, “Cherokee Indians of Robeson County,

s.duyukdvOctober 18, 2012, 12:37am (report abuse)
1.PETITION OF CROATAN INDIANS.To the honorable the Congress of the United States,December 1887.

“The undersigned,your petitioners,a part of the Croatan Indians.Swear Descent from the Lost Colony of Roanoke”1887

BEFORE CONGRESS 4 TIMES

2.1910(January 24)Introduction of a Federal bill in the U.S.House of Representatives to change the tribes name from”Croatan to”Cherokee”at the request of the Croatans(lumbee)

THE BILL DID NOT PASS

3. 1913(July 10)Introduction of another federal bill in the U.S. Senate to”change the tribes name from Indians of Robeson County to”Cherokee Indians”of Robeson County”by the Lumbee

THE BILL DID NOT PASS

4. 1924 (March 20)Introduction of a bill again in the U.S. House to change the tribal name to”Cherokee”by the lumbee

THE BILL DID NOT PASS

5. 1932(May 9).A federal bill was introduced in the U.S.Senate to”RECOGNIZE AND ENROLL the tribe as”Cherokee Indians”at the request of the lumbee(croatan)council.

THE BILL DID NOT PASS

DUYUKDVOctober 18, 2012, 12:40am (report abuseHE LUMBEES WILL NEVER AGAIN BE ALLOWED TO ATTEMPT TO STEAL A FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED TRIBES IDENTITY AGAIN LIKE THE CHEROKEE BILLS FILED AT THE LUMBEE DELEGATIONS OWN REQUEST FOR OVER 40 YEARS TIME PERIOD OVER THE OBJECTIONS OF THE ALREADY EXISTING CHEROKEE NATIONS,

FACT THIS DID ACTUALLY HAPPEN!!!

,NOT WHILE WE THE PUBLIC TAXPAYERS KEEP AN EYE ON THEIR BILLS FOR RECOGNITION !!

Don’t get carried away here, we’re not just “black”—we’re African AND European , and in some cases a touch of Native American. We’re still Lumbees, we’re a distinct people racially and culturally, sorta like Puerto Ricans (whom are black, white, indian, and have their own culture).

The Lumbee Constitution refers to these census lists as the“Source Documents.”Yet the individuals on these lists cannot be specifically identified and verified as”Cheraw Indians” on any source.*In fact, these individuals cannot be identified as belonging to any tribe whatsoever”.

These are simply lists of people who self-identified themselves with the census as“Indian

Scuffletown(pembroke,NC)the Lumbee/Croatan Capitol,got its name from the long scuffle of the whites and the slaves and make freedom under the condition of color,contemptible among the “mulattoes”.I conceive that these “negroes” have been the slaves of Tories driven from the State at the close of the Revolution,and of the emancipated slaves of the Quakers,that they increased and multiplied by accessions from runaways,by the birth rate of force exerted on them an by the necessity of union or the sympathy of all neighboring free negroes with a homogenous Negro settlement.”NEW YORK TIMES 1872″note*negro not Indian*

are not affiliated with the Eastern Band, have reached a conclusions concerning Lumbee identity that should not

ignore.

Paul Heinegg, whose work has been recognized by The American

Society of Genealogists, concludes that the Lumbee are an invented

North Carolina Indian tribe, and that many of the

persons who first self-identified as Indian in Robeson County, North

Carolina, are not of Indian ancestry.

Land patents and deeds filed with the colonial administrations of Virginia, North and South Carolina during this period show that individuals now claimed as Lumbee ancestors migrated from Virginia, where they were born, into southern North Carolina in colonial times along the typical routes of migration with other pioneers from Virginia.[11] They obtained land deeds in the same manner as any other migrants.[11] Research in court, tax, indenture and other records in Virginia has shown that most of these mixed-race ancestors were free in the colonial years;

the large majority were descendants of free white women (and the children took their status under the Virginia law of partus sequitur ventrem) and African men, who were indentured servants, free or slaves.[11] In the first federal census of 1790, the ancestors of the Lumbee were enumerated as Free Persons of Color.[12]

I guess it would be politically incorrect to suggest that most of the psuedo-remnants of tribes are engaging in opprotunistic–sometimes predatory–

behavior,

knowing that most people are afraid to call them out !

And I say this as someone who is one-eighth Native, who would NEVER and has NEVER used this heritage to leverage any sort of advantage, because

I am socially Caucasion.

These slick-willy “Indians” need to get over themselves and find another way to advance, rather than hi-jacking land and building casinos which prey on vulnerable idiots and which create only low-paying, dead-end jobs.

“Invention, passes over recovered history and resorts to the “embellishment” of the past,” which “influences inscriptions and chronicles, monographs and textbooks,

and all the other media used to project an image and present a case” Invention the mother of all False histories…existance of Lumbee heritage the Big long held Lie

Historically there was never a Lumbee tribe ..or Croatan or Cherokee of Robeson County,

Does a historical “invention” contrast with historical fact?

media used to project an image and present a case!

after a while the inventors or those whom had it passed down to them …themselves cannot separate Lies from the truth or maybe they are ashamed to do so after holding a claim so long..

we the public have caught on to this long held Lie ,computer links genealogies and DNA dont lie..none of which lumbee have as Indians.

Chances are you dont know and will fabricate some romantic Indian story of black water but in reality….so i will help you out.

In the 1890’s a Scottish poet was writing a poem about the Scottish settlers in the area.(The first original language was Gaelic for those of you who doubt )even the blacks slaves of white households spoke it……

so In that poem the name “Lumber River” would not Rhyme for his poem so he dropped the R and added an E and there it is the word Lumbee was hatched.

So lets end the mystic indian stuff Croatan, whatever lie is popular for recognition attempt this year….cause i bet no lumbee could pass an Indian DNA test unless his mexican real daddy comes out….

The Lumbee think that their state recognition program gives them the same authority as a Sovereign nation like federal tribes are but it doesnt state actually have no constitutional authority to even create Indian tribes like they have be doing so these invvented tribes are now trying to slick their way into federal benefits by claiming to be real tribe and that includes casinos and take payer funded programs,they always cry indian when it doesnt work even though they are not prooven to even really be indian peoples thats why they are not federally recognized as Indians or an indian sovereign nation, so no feathers of endangered birds ,lets save the birds and ban these state and non recognized cluneemo5@hotmail.combs !

My Greatgrandma Prior to the birth of her kids,she was listed as white in 1860.My grandfather said mixed race Negro people found a haven in Scuffletown(Pembroke).

Thats why they flocked there.It wasn’t until then”I realized that it was all a FACADE”.It has all been coming to light since census records have become easily accessible online.

now,that folks can search for themselves.With that said,I can say the Lumbee Recognition is for identity for a large segment of people who dont identify as black or white,they confused.It is hard to turn back the clock when you have identified your yourself as a native for so long to hide the true African American origins of the lumbee people who really beleive they indian that lie was passed down and politicians helped us cover up NEGRO heritage to get our votes and stuff Lumbee we aint Indians really I admit were are Black not Indians really but old habits die hard it makes sense no indian customs or language either. 2+2=Black common sense

this locklear lady look like an Old white lady,all the whites wanna be minority these days and indian is typical,back in the day the lumbee wanted to pass no longer as black and made up indian name. they really mulato black and white

The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals on Tuesday set aside the convictions of two men because they are not “Indian” as defined by federal law
In the first case, Gordon Mann was convicted of aggravated sexual abuse of a minor. The incident occurred on the Blackfeet Nation, in Indian Country.
Mann is a member of the Little Shell Chippewa Tribe of Montana, which is not federally recognized. So the 9th Circuit said he can’t be convicted under the Major Crimes Act, which only applies to “Indian” defendants in Indian Country.
“To be considered an Indian under [the Major Crimes Act], the individual must have a sufficient connection to an Indian tribe that is recognized by the federal government,” the 9th Circuit said. “Affiliation with a tribe that does not have federal recognition does not suffice.”
In the second case, Shane Maggi was convicted of assault with a dangerous weapon and related firearms charges. The incident also occurred on the Blackfeet Nation, in Indian Country.
Maggi is not enrolled in any tribe although he qualifies for certain federal and tribal benefits because his mother is a member of the Blackfeet Nation. But the 9th Circuit said he has not been recognized by either the federal or tribal government as an “Indian.”
“When the record is boiled down, the evidence produced by the government to show tribal or government recognition of Maggi as an Indian consists of (a) status as a descendant member of the Blackfeet Tribe; (b) one instance of accessing Indian Health Services; (c) prosecutions in tribal court, without evidence regarding the result of those prosecutions or whether jurisdiction based on Indian status was determined by the court; and (d) testimony based on second-hand knowledge that Maggi participated in some tribal ceremonies,” the 9th Circuit said. “This sparse collection does not provide sufficient evidence of any of the factors set out in Bruce.”
US v. Bruce is a case from 2005 in which the 9th Circuit developed a two-prong framework to determine whether someone is an “Indian.” The first is the presence of some Indian blood indicating tribal ancestry and the second is tribal or government recognition as an Indian.
Both prongs must be satisfied in order for someone to be considered “Indian.” The Bruce framework was cited recently in US v. Cruz, in which a man who was 22 percent Indian was not considered “Indian” because he failed to meet both tests.

The Lumbee Constitution refers to these census lists as the“Source Documents.”Yet the individuals on these lists cannot be specifically identified and verified as”Cheraw Indians” on any source.*In fact, these individuals cannot be identified as belonging to any tribe whatsoever”.

These are simply lists of people who self-identified themselves with the census as“Indian

Scuffletown(pembroke,NC)the Lumbee/Croatan Capitol,got its name from the long scuffle of the whites and the slaves and make freedom under the condition of color,contemptible among the “mulattoes”.I conceive that these “negroes” have been the slaves of Tories driven from the State at the close of the Revolution,and of the emancipated slaves of the Quakers,that they increased and multiplied by accessions from runaways,by the birth rate of force exerted on them an by the necessity of union or the sympathy of all neighboring free negroes with a homogenous Negro settlement.”NEW YORK TIMES 1872″note*negro not Indian

An appeal to emotionalism and reliance on a mythology handed down by misinformed ancestors will not change the fact that the Lumbee are just another group of people with African/European ancestry trying to claim an Indian Identity. Being “Proud to be Lumbee (insert ten or twenty exclamation marks here), or challenging anyone else who knows the truth to “come and say that in Robeson County!” does not change the truth.
Scientific and historical documentation can not be superficially argued against. Apologist swho waste their time trying to come up with arguments of how Lumbees “could” be Indians do just that- waste their time.
It’s funny that people laying down rational, thoughtful arguments against an authentic Indian identity are being shouted down with nothing more than emotionalism. No matter how much you want to be Indian, you just aren’t. Accept the truth and move on.

The Lumbee threaten,shout down,yell,call them a racist,(any claim to tax dollars require the truth and analys) at anyone that questions their un-verfied identity and non-existant history as native american cheraws or whatever they claim this year ,but you know real natives dont change their tribal affiliations based on the politics like the mulattos or lumbee or croatan or cherokee or keyauwee or cherokee of robeson county or tuscorora or what ever they can phantom up an extinct group to claim i wonder how they ever got away with being called cherokee of robeson county as another wannabee cherokee group back in the 1940,s before computers and the internet to watch over these fraudulent claims by groups of which the lumbee are the biggest.

A comfortable relaxation in your bedroom or living room is all you get from Hunter fans.
Of course, given sufficient time, we get used to the switching arrangement.
You could take some pictures of the traditional ceiling fans you like
– most shops won’t mind so long as you ask permission first.

I’m not sure where you’re getting your info, but great
topic. I needs to spend some time learning much more or understanding more.
Thanks for great information I was looking
for this information for my mission.

This is the same group whose ancestors file 4 petitions before Congress to be recognized and re-named as Croatan then Cherokee Indians for over 40 years and 4 petitions between 1910 and 1940 their claims to heritage keep changing based on the political mood and none of their claims have any historic proof infact prominent Genealogist believe the Lumbee are an invented tribe and their claim is motivated by money and Casino deals such as their deal with Lewin LLC a Las Vegas gaming firm in 2010 to operate a Casino upon recognition. No verifiable historical proof of Native Ancestry has been presented ever only guesses ,theory’s and myths,they first gained state attention as Mulattos and then based on the myth as the” Lost Colony” which now has been abandoned, they did however around 1900 filed for federal recognition as the Lost colony “Croatan” another myth. They have never had a treaty or reservation have never spoken any Indian language and have no archaic Indian customs and have never been Sovereign or part of any historic tribe ,they lived as individual Colonist,farmers same as all other Americans not as an Indian Nation but just regular citizens who then claimed some unknown fraction ancestry as Indians fueled by political lobbying. The lumbee act designated them as Lumbee a naming courtesy which was lobbied and politically fueled not based on heritage but invented a name after the Lumber River in north Carolina. Very controversial group and claim

. this bill would cost the American Taxpayers over 800 million every four years for eternity if passed and could damage the authenticity and integrity of already recognized federal tribes.

A HUD audit says the Lumbee Tribal Council has misused $735,000 for travel stipends

e 21 members of the Lumbee Tribal Council have misappropriated $735,000 since 2006, according to documents from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.

The money was given to each tribal member in $550 monthly stipends for travel expenses to and from Tribal Council meetings, the documents show.

According to the documents, the tribal members continued to receive the money even after HUD officials told them in 2006 that the stipends were an unallowable expense. The monthly stipends totaled $250 back then.

I am a registered Lumbee and Cherokee. I am a 40 something male and I am going to say it like it is, like it was told to me.

My mother, and I am going to quote her, said Lumbee’s are nothing but a bunch of ” damn ni**ers ” .

Now I am not racist but keep in mind that this world we live in is NOT the world our parents grew up in. My mother, grandmother and grandfather would tell you to your face that they were Cherokee.

So… how did I end up registered as a Lumbee too? From what I am told I can thank all the WHITE people for that. Census is a bitch. At the time nobody really cared which is funny now when I see all these posts. Birth records trace us back to Cherokee but at some point my great aunt registered as a Lumbee. Free money maybe? That has been my thought. It is also my thought for all of this. Money. Always comes down to money.

I am well off and don’t care. I do however care about where I come from. So are Lumbee black? Sure. Are they Indian? Sure. We/Them/They are also American. Now good luck picking out the races and remember this. You say the wrong thing to me and I will bite your head off. Is that the Lumbee in me? WHO THE HELL KNOWS!

North Carolina and Virginia released her slaves into Scuffle-Town (Robeson) County.
Not Black enough to fit into that group or white enough to fit into that group,
they banded together as an Indian Tribe.
Searching for an identity and lost in the world this new breed of half slave half master sought many brands of recognition. After attempting to cling to any and every recognized group of Indians (who they most resembled) just to be rejected (lack of blood line connections) they finally were accepted by the U.S. as Lumbee Indians.
A fitting name after the Lumbe river from their motherland Africa. For a predominantly white government in the south, it is easier to use this group to oppress the actual Indians (who have the blood line and ancestry linking them to the first documented Indians) in order to help bury their families’ old slave secrets relatives. (Not All) but the elderly White in power, shutter to think of the day, their half white half black nieces and nephews show up to the family reunion to stake their claim to the family estate.

Fight your White ancestors who kicked you off their plantations to fend for yourself in a cruel and unforgiving South and stop calling yourselves Indian (as it is disrespectful to actual Indians) and release the Native American Histories and Genealogies which you have stolen and stop acting like the Lowery Bandits of old

The Lumbee people chose to identify as Cherokee in 4 congressional bill on our own, why because we believed ourselves to be Cherokee before congress

On March 9, A.B. Locklear wrote the Department requesting the status of the Cherokee bill. Finding that no action had been taken, Locklear headed a three-year effort to get a new bill introduced. To help with the drafting of the legislation, Locklear enlisted the pro bono services of a Washington attorney named Ellwood P. Morey.
Robeson County Indians reviewed a new draft bill for recognition as Cherokees, and he agreed to help them introduce it. Collier then contacted Senator Josiah W. Bailey, North Carolina’s senior Senator. B.G. Graham and the Cherokee Business Committee forwarded Senator Bailey a petition signed by more than six hundred Croatan Indians requesting introduction of a Cherokee recognition bill. This Cherokee bill proposed three types of assistance: to recognize the Indians formerly known as Croatans as Cherokees

. The reverend D.F. Lowry and Clifton Oxendine, who had worked since at least 1909 to secure recognition of the Tribe as Cherokee, were taken by surprise when their “Cherokee” bill of 1932 surfaced first as the “Cheraw” bill, and then as the “Siouan” bill. They immediately set out to defeat the “Siouan” bill.

The Lumbees chose the Cherokee name not the Government as posted at lumbee site and others

The reverend D.F. Lowry and Clifton Oxendine, who had worked since at least 1909 to secure recognition of the Tribe as Cherokee
On March 9, A.B. Locklear wrote the Department requesting the status of the Cherokee bill. Finding that no action had been taken, Locklear headed a three-year effort to get a new bill introduced. To help with the drafting of the legislation, Locklear enlisted the pro bono services of a Washington attorney named Ellwood

It makes sense…..The people now calling themselves Lumbee are a mixed race group who are mostly White-Black with an indeterminate tribal affiliation if any to date none has been found by scientist or genealogist. They downplay their African or mixed heritage and exigerate and overstate their “Native American” identity because of the intense racism in the past. They have been identified as mixed black/white ancestry from the 1700s and were speaking ENGLISH even in the earliest historical references. A considerable amount of genealogical research By Drs.Heinegg and Dr.Demarce who are Prominent Genealogist has shown the majority of the founding “Lumbee” families descend from free African-American males and European females that came down from early Virginia Colonial settlements not as any Indian Tribe but as ‘Individuals colonist.
They participated in colonial life as” Individuals” not as any Historic or recognized tribe. Paying taxes, buying property, mustering in colonial and American militias same as all other colonials.
Early colonial records list Lumbee core ancestors “as is all “free negroes “and mulattos” on kings land and that “no Indians “lived in Robeson County area.
They were “never identified as an intact tribe that entered into a treaty with the US.
They have never been a sovereign nation or had reservation lands.
typically the Lumbee lived as “Individuals or free colonist on farms.
Their ancestors initially put forward an origin story that they were the descendants of the “Lost Colony.” Then it was Croatan then a Cherokee origin with a signed petition by their own members for over 50 years as the Cherokee of Robeson county…origin story keeps changing based on the political mood it seems.. and then Sioux.now Cheraw?????

I gotta say that these comments seem to have a racist tone to them. I’m not a Lum, but I am related to many of their families as I am African American. My family were pretty much all FPOC in Goinstown and Prince George, Amherst, Amelia and Southampton Va. I don’t think my grammie had much African blood if any. She had a sister Lucy Lowery who still practiced some form of Native American future gazing religion for profit over in Walkertown NC. who looked very Native. I can’t say whether they were or were not, but I took a DNA test and it came back as follows

Keep in mind that she was 3 generations away from me, and that my father was a dark complected African American. I don't think I've seen a TRUE Native American(99% at least) ANYWHERE in the SE United States. Those Cherokee are as White as Bill Clinton and everybody knows about the the $5 Dawes Roll Indians whose descendants are still reaping because they still have a"paper(currency) trail". I'll let the Lums have their own argument now as I am aware of the disdain that many of the older ones have for persons such as myself. Not so true for the younger generations as I live right around a good many of them such as Danny Oxendine. Even as I speak I can see a Lumbee guy cutting my neighbor's yard(named Jo** Jones) across the street. They look pretty Indian to me.

.History answered the lumbee question clearly !! They aren’t Indians these Lumbees but masquerading as such out of Black shame of ancestry.Clarly they are African americans by genealogy ,Dna and ancestry its only the modern descendants that deny this..

Inthe1860censustheFreeNegroes (note.they are listed as Black,negro African americans) not Indians and never as Indian in any civil documents)inRobesonCountyowningpropertyvaluedatmorethan$2,500includedWileyLocklierwith$5,200,
NelsonSmithwith$2,500,
HardyBellwith$14,000,
Geo.Dialwith$4,900,and
Jas.Oxendinewith$9,825.Everyoneelsewaslistedasafarmer,exceptBellwhoseoccupationwasnotlisted.Therewere67holdersofrealpropertyand163ownersofpersonalpropertyinthecounty.

why would so called Indians or native American Migrate to Africa Liberia?? simple ,they were not indian but black also despite this modern claim to get free HUD and a Casino in Robeson county by these so called indian wanabees.

The proof that the Lumbee are not Native American is irrefutable. It seems to me that the only responses from Lumbee defenders on this site and elsewhere are either half baked and unsubstantiated claims of being everything from “Cheraw” to “Tuscarora” to “Croatan” or an invitation to people who say Lumbees they aren’t Indian “to say that to (their) face” (as if that proves anything). Unfortunately ignorance and wishful thinking have kept the Lumbee myth going, but I predict in 100 years Lumbee identity will be a thing of the past.

“Lumbee Culture?” It’s no different from poor/rural southern and Eastern NC culture. “Lumbee English?” No different from poor/rural Eastern NC and Southern English. I hear the same cadences and expressions from people “Down East” near where I grew up.

Nothing’s more annoying than seeing a few Lumbee “Indians” sitting around a drum copying what they see western tribes do. DNA research bears out what people have already known for more than 100 years- that Lumbee people are simply southerners of African and European ancestry.

It’s more romantic to be Indian. I get that. It’s more interesting to some people to be Native American than to just be of run -of -the- mill European or African ancestry. But just because you want to be Indian doesn’t mean you are. It’s time to stop pretending and just own up to your true roots.A group of Southerners wanted to distance themselves from their African heritage, so they self-identified as Indian. End of story.

Amen you hit it on the nail and these groups now claim HUD money ,educational benefits and a Casino dream of federal recognition ,,its about the money now not any heritage !!!!

the lumbee bill could get these guys $1.5 billion in tax dollars over 8 years the lumbee already getting $ 13 million from HUD every year as a state tribe for housing.theygonna keep the lie going to get that money and HUD jobs at the turtle complex they built in Pembroke !!!

Notice how many Lumbee defenders say “Well, he LOOKS native American,” or “She LOOKS PRETTY INDIAN TO ME.” Hardly a scientific way to prove someone’s ancestry. If someone is of African and European Ancestry, they could easily “LOOK” Indian if certain physical trait combinations came through/others didn’t. Let’s say someone had dark skin, dark eyes, and dark hair from their African ancestry but largely European-shaped features. They could pass for anything from Middle Eastern to Hispanic to….Native American.
Just because someone “looks” Indian hardly means they are.

Prominent award winning genealogists Paul Heinegg and Dr. Virginia E. DeMarce performed extensive research of primary source documents, such as deeds, land records, wills and court records to develop genealogies of free people of color in the Chesapeake Bay area. They have been able to trace the migration of numerous primary Lumbee ancestral families from the Tidewater region of Virginia into northeastern North Carolina and then down into present-day Robeson County,North Carolina.They found that those identified as free people of color in the Federal censuses in North Carolina from 1790-1810 were descended from African Americans free in Virginia during the colonial period. Heinegg and DeMarce havebeen able to construct genealogies that show the migration of people from Virginia to North Carolina. Most of those free Lumbee families in Virginia were descended from white women and African men DNA results have backed this research up since Indian DNA is not found in your typical Lumbee

the LUMBEE TRIBE ,SPEAK UP PUBLIC,ITS YOUR RIGHT AND TAX DOLLARS….EVERY YEAR THEY STEAL UNDER THE DISGUISE OF A LOST COLONY,STATE TRIBE,STATE TRIBES HAVE NO BUSINESS RECEIVING FEDERAL FUNDS MEANT FOR RESERVATION EFFECTED PEOPLES…THEY FOUND A LOOP HOLE INTO MONEY THESE FRAUDULENT INVENTED LOST TRIBES… $$$$$
THIS YEAR THEY GOT US FOR ANOTHER 750,000$$$
THEY KNOW THE RULES…WHERE ARE THE PROSECUTIONS FOR FRAUD AND WASTE ??