BACKGROUND - Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is emerging as a robust, noninvasive method for detecting and characterizing prostate cancer (PCa), but limitations remain in its ability to distinguish cancerous from non-cancerous tissue.

We evaluated the performance of a novel MRI technique, restriction spectrum imaging (RSI-MRI), to quantitatively detect and grade PCa compared with current standard-of-care MRI.

METHODS - In a retrospective evaluation of 33 patients with biopsy-proven PCa who underwent RSI-MRI and standard MRI before radical prostatectomy, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed for RSI-MRI and each quantitative MRI term, with area under the ROC curve (AUC) used to compare each term's ability to differentiate between PCa and normal prostate. Spearman rank-order correlations were performed to assess each term's ability to predict PCa grade in the radical prostatectomy specimens.

Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Urology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Urology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Urology, University of Texas San Antonio School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA. , Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA. , Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.