MAD – Mutually Assured Destruction is one of the most fundamental concepts relating to the nuclear weapons. If the two belligerent fully utilize their disposable supplies of the nuclear weapon, ultimately both the aggressor and the aggrieved party will be eventually annihilated completely.

Jus in Bello – this is the Latin denomination of the International Humanitarian Law. This is the combination of the laws and the relating principles which govern the treatment of the civilians and the imprisoned military personnel during military actions. The normative framework for this sphere of laws is formed by The Hague and the Geneva Conventions. This set of laws is spanned by the concept of jus cogens, i.e. the laws which are irrevocable and naturally inherent to all humankind.

SDI stands for the strategic defense initiative. The great aim of this program is to ensure that the nuclear missiles cannot reach the territory of the United States of America. However, actually there are three ways, which can be utilized by the prospective aggressor to defeat this system. First, massive bombing may be launched. Secondly, the missiles can be launched from the submarines within the water line of the United States of America. Thirdly, the nuclear bomb can be illegally trafficked to the territory of the USA and exploded inside the country, so that the missile cannot be intercepted.

The problem of nuclear proliferation is one of the hottest nowadays. Whilst the economies are booming, the natural environment can be ultimately destroyed by the use of the nuclear weapons or by the industrial collapse on the nuclear power stations.

Part 2

Jus Bellum Criteria

The following criterion shall be considered by the parties, before the resolution to engage in war is taken by the belligerent.

a) Just Cause – the reason to enter into the hostile actions must exist

b) Comparative Justice – the reasons to launch the hostilities and these reasons must be substantiated

c) Competent Authority – the war shall be declared by the party which is duly authorized to conduct these actions

d) Right Intention – the declaration of the war and the launch of the military activities must inherently meet the needs of the community, which demands the proclamation of the military actions.

e) Probability of Success – this constituent purports that before the war is launched, the party declaring the war shall fully estimate the chances of success. If the changes are insignificant, it is highly advisable not to enter the hostilities, because it is highly possible that the equilibrium will be broken and ultimately the war will be lost.

Part 3

Whereas both scholars have a convergent opinion that the utilization of the of the nuclear weapon will ultimately lead to the complete annihilation of the entire terrestrial and underwater living environment of the earth, professor Sagan assures that the proliferation of the nuclear weaponry and the relating nuclear industries is beneficial for the global economy as it pushed the military machines of the states.

As far as the nuclear endeavors of India and Pakistan are concerned, it shall be highlighted that these countries directly depend on the development of their nuclear programs, due to the fact that this is the only chance for them to achieve international recognition. However, it is highly advisable that both countries concentrate on the peaceful application of their nuclear endeavors, because heavy international sanctions can be applied by the USA Security Council, if the threat to the international security is detected.

Massive Retaliation Doctrine – this doctrine was initiated by the United Stated Department of Defense. The gist of the doctrine was the need to launch an immediate missile response if the USA itself is attacked by the aggressor. The scope of the nuclear response shall be equal to the one done to the USA itself.

Flexible Defense Program was initiated by the administration of John Kennedy. The essence of this company is the abstinence from the set of aggressive actions and the flexible and peaceful resolution of nay conflicting situation arising between the USA and the USSR. The hostilities were proposed to be resolved diplomatically and the recur to the nuclear weapons was allowed only in the cases the war could not be prevented by other means

Mutual Destruction Policy – the national nuclear security doctrine initiated by D.D. Eisenhower and his advisors. The Doctrine provided the accumulation of the abundant nuclear reserves and the realization by the strategic aggressor that if the attack is launch, both the attacker and the attacked party will be entirely eradicated.

Strategic Defense Initiative – the doctrine provides the missiles will be intercepted by the land and the sea anti-missile stations, hereby ensuring that the safety of the USA is not endangered.

Overall, the Strategic Defense Initiative truly seems to be the most effective scheme for the protection of the United States of America against the potential aggressor due to the fact that it helps to repel the missile blow and to prolong the existence of the USA at the same time.

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