100 Greatest Discovery Video Notes SummaryThe first discovery in chemistry, the discovery of oxygen by Joseph Priestley in the 1770s, started when scientists searched for “new air”” known as gas. Later, Antoine Lavoisier named it oxygen and described its role. The next discovery was the atomic theory by John Dalton, who at first called the atomic weights “the relative weights of ultimate particles”. His atomic theory was the revolutionary system that described the relationship between atoms and elements. Atoms combining into molecules was another discovery found when Gay Lussac saw that the gases produced twice the volume when combining equal volume of different gases. In 1811, Amedeo Avogadro realized that the assumptions that gases remain of single atoms to be wrong and that gases actually remain of multiple atoms, molecules. The next discovery was the synthesis of urea in the 19th century when Friedrich Woehler synthesized urea from inorganic materials, proving that substances made by living things can be reproduced with nonliving substances. The periodic table of elements is next discovery and is discovered by Dmitry Mendeleyev, who made cards and wrote the name of elements, atomic weight, typical properties and its similarities with other elements, and after arranging them around, he saw that they fall into seven vertical groupings. Humphry Davy discovered and proved the power of electricity to react with chemicals and transform, which later lead to rise in aluminum industry, solar panels, semi conductors and etc. Later, electrons where discovered by J.J Thomson and became known to be smaller than other atoms. John Hyatt discovered a way to exploit the long stringing molecules of cellulous and created the first plastic. About fifty years later, Leo Baekeland took the next step and with two chemicals from coal he discovered the first fully synthetic plastic. The next discovery was the idea that electrons form chemical bonds. Early in 1900’s, Gilbert Lewis...

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Latin Music USA, the Chicago Wave, which is talking about American music, such as Latin sounds with jazz, rock, country, rhythm and blues. From Ritchie Valens and Freddy Fender to Linda Ronstadt, Los Lobos, and Selena, a new generation of Mexican Americans raised.
In Los Angeles, the son of a factory work, Ritchie Valens into in the national spotlight, and became the first Mexican-American rock and roll star in 1958 when he was 17 years old. Valens had been unknown until a young record producer who is Bob Keane. He heard him sounds at a local movie house, and then invited him to his Hollywood studio. Gil Rocha is Valens’s band mate; he said that Valens was so excited when he got to record. After three months, Valens told Bob that he wants him to meet his mother. Valens took Bob to a house, which has only couple sleeping bags. Then he told to Bob that the one thing I want to do is I want to buy a house to my mother. Later in summer, La bamba made Valens became to the super star in Chicago. Once after a performance, a small plane carried him, but unfortunately, he met a snowstorm and died on February 3rd, 1959.
After six years, a handful of Mexican-American bands were popular. Mexican-Americans' music played an important role in the struggle for Chicano civil...

...Antibiotics
Antibiotics transformed medicine. The discovery of antibiotics began by accident. On the morning of September 3rd, 1928, Professor Alexander Fleming was having a clear up of his cluttered laboratory. Fleming was sorting through a number of glass plates which had previously been coated with staphyloccus bacteria as part of research Fleming was doing. One of the plates had mould on it. The mould was in the shape of a ring and the area around the ring seemed to be free of the bacteria staphyloccus. Further research on the mould found that it could kill other bacteria and that it could be given to small animals without any side-effects. However, within a year, Fleming had moved onto other medical issues and it was ten years later that Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, working at Oxford University, isolated the bacteria-killing substance found in the mould - penicillin.
Florey got an American drugs company to mass produce it and by D-Day, enough was available to treat all the bacterial infections that broke out among the troops. Penicillin got nicknamed "the wonder drug" and in 1945 Fleming, Chain and Florey were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine. Post-1945 was the era of the antibiotics.
Atomic power
Atomic power unleashed it full might on August 6th 1945 when the "Enola Gay" flew to its target Hiroshima. On board was one bomb - "Little Boy". It had enormous explosive power, more than anybody on board the ‘plane could ever have imagined....

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English 100, Section 51
Introduction:
In his introduction Todd Kliman states that although there are many important questions when it comes to food, the question of authenticity is his favorite. Kliman explains that secretly we all yearn for authenticity. A often “hopeless impracticality” states kliman since it is impossible for a society, such as ours, where machines do most of cooking to return to the simplicity of hand made food. However, it is this very fact that ignites a longing for authenticity.
With so many cultural dishes mixing and new ones being created, finding authenticity proves to be more difficult than finding a needle in a haystack. Kliman then addresses the puzzling questions of what defines a dish as authentic, where do you find it, and once you have found it how can you be sure it truly is authentic?
You Can't Legislate the Hands of A Cook:
Kliman touches upon defining authenticity by exploring a dish's authentic based upon not only how it is physically made ,but the ingredients used to make the dish, along with discussing whether or not authenticity destroys the original creativity that went into a dish.
The example is bagels. If bagels are made with the same basic ingredients that are always used to make a traditional bagel, does it matter that they are not handmade? Does the fact that they are machine manufactured take away from their authenticity. Although he doesn't directly ask , Kliman causes his fellow foodies to...

...ousted only toward the end of war (in March 1945), when the Japanese begun to fear that the French force might turn against them as defeat approached. After the French had been disarmed, Bao Dai, the last French appointed emperor of Vietnam, was allowed to proclaim the independence of his country and to appoint a Vietnamese national government. However, all real power remained in the hands of the Japanese military commanders.
Meanwhile, in May 1941, at Ho Chi Minh’s urging, the Communist Party formed a broad nationalist alliance under its leadership called the League for Independence of Vietnam, which subsequently became known as the Viet Minh. As President Roosevelt has quoted in 1944 when he stated “France has milked it (Indochina) for 100 years. The people of Indochina are entitled to something better than that”.
The Viet Minh was recognised as the legitimate representative of Vietnamese nationalist aspirations. When the Japanese surrounded in August 1945, the communist-led Viet Minh ordered a general uprising, and, with no one organized to oppose them, they were able to seize power. Bao Dai declared a few days later his resembling to the newly proclaimed Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
Vietnam fought for many years in order to gain back their independence. Gaining back their independence wasn’t as an easy task. Vietnam not only had to gain their independence from the French but also the Japanese by using a variety of different ways. Even though it...

...There can be no doubt that the twentieth century is one of the most remarkable in human history for its previously unparalleled rate of scientific discoveries.
In fact, there were so many new gadgets invented and discoveries made in the last century that it’s difficult to write the list down. However, I think I can say ten innovations or technologies that have had the greatest influence on humanity—both positively and the negatively.
First of all, I want to remember penicillin: this drug (eventually group of drugs) was discovered in 1928, it opened the door to the discovery of antibiotics. Penicillin remains the most widely used antibiotic, despite the fact that many diseases it was once used to treat have now become resistant to it. Nevertheless, this discovery had a far reaching impact in the medical world.
It’s difficult to imagine our world today without computers too. Today, of course, they are everywhere and we have become so dependent upon them that many people almost feel naked without one. For some, they even provide the very means of maintaining a livelihood: we use them to keep track of our finances, write books, design logos and sell real estate. Plus, they are rapidly replacing the stereo and television in their ability to entertain us with music, movies, and games.
Also today, we will hardly find a home without a television set. Watching TV is a favorite leisure activity for...

...﻿Ports and Connectors
Serial: Male, 1 bit at a time and contain 9 or 25 pins.
Parallel: Female, transfer 8 bits at a time and contains 25 pins.
Game port: Female, 15 pins in 2 rows. (Been replaced by USB)
Mouse: PS/2 6 pin or USB
Network Interface Card (NIC): Connects computer to local network or internet. It converts parallel to serial and uses RJ-45 connector.
Dial up Modem: Slowest internet connection. Standard speed is 56 Kbps. Converts analog signal to digital and does the opposite when sending info.
Modern CPU's come with 2 type of video output ports.
VGA: D-Type, has 15 pins in 3 rows
Other is DVI visual port
USB: Universal Serial Busses are replacing ports and the are hot swappable, which means you can plug in while the computer is running and they will work without a reboot needed.
USB 1.0: transmits at 12Mbps and cord is 3 meters.
USB 2.0: transmits at 480 Mbps and cord is 5 meters.
SCSI: Small Computer System Interface.
Narrow has 50 pins and is type A
Wide has 68 pins and is type P
IEEE 1394 (Also known as firewire): Uses serial communication, is fast, and hot swappable. Used for streaming media. (Expected to replace SCSI
Monitors
Two types of computer monitors are on the market today and the are:
CRT: Older and uses Cathode Ray Tube similar to tv's
LCD: Newer and Liquid Crystal Display uses TFT (Thin Film Transistor) or known as active matrix. Display is from use of backlighting to project through polarized panels.
Screen...

...portrait the concept of “discovery”?
Discovery can have a different impact on different individuals. The composer ”Oodgeroo Noonuccal” reflects on her discovery of the” old native burial ground” as a spiritual journey, rather than an intellectual journey experienced by the scientists and the modern world.
Discovery can offer us a positive or negative experience. Oodgeroo Noonuccal felt strongly reverential towards the old one and the past, but she was more disdainful towards the scientist and the modern world. And the discovery leads her to realise that her duty was to motivate other Aborigines to stand up and protect their cultural heritage. The emotive language “desecration, reverence, love, tears and wailing” conveys the composer’s strong emotions about this discovery. The metaphor of “stone gunyas” and the imagery of “swarms of cars”, both demonstrate us her disapproving attitudes (disapproval) towards the modern technology and the modern lifestyle.
In the line”at towering stone gunyas high in air”, skyscrapers are metaphoric as “stone gunyas” to highlight…
In the “Your duty to your race”, the composer through the use of 2nd person pronoun intensively appeals to aboriginal people to preserve their cultural values and remind their cultural identity. The appealing further emphasizes with the time reference in the”……”
Oodgeroo Noonuccal felt more attached to her cultural heritage...