Anaerobic Respiration

When humans are exercising, they would benefit from aerobic respiration as they are releasing more energy. However, as the oxygen levels decrease, humans would then switch to anaerobic respiration.

Glucose → Lactic Acid + Water ( + Energy)

The formation of lactic acid __in the body causes the cramp that people feel when they’re doing exercise. There is not enough blood flowing through, therefore __anaerobic respiration has to take place. In order to get rid of the cramp, more oxygen is needed in the body so that the body can switch back to aerobic respiration.

Anaerobic respiration can also take place in yeast, where glucose is broken down to create ethanol, carbon dioxide and energy.

Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+ Energy)

Calculating Cardiac Output

Heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output can be calculated with the following equation:

cardiac output = stroke volume × heart rate

Cardiac output__ _is the amount of blood that can be pumped by the heart per minute_.

Heart rate__ _is _the most useful indicator of whether the heart is functioning normally. The more exercise you do, the higher the heart rate is so that more blood can be pumped around the body, so that the right molecules can be transported to the blood.