STORMcan simulate a wide
variety of gases and liquids, as well as their thermal interactions with
many solids. These materials are distinguished from one another by several
parameters that characterize their distinctive properties. These include
(for fluids) the density, laminar viscosity, the specific heat, the thermal
conductivity (heat transfer option specified), and the thermal expansion
coefficient (incompressible fluid option specified). The methodologies
available in STORMfor modeling each of
these quantities
are discussed below.

Density

There are a number of
choices to model the density, which may either be specified as a
constant value, or prescribed as a function of temperature and
pressure, or determined through the use of a custom model. The
options available are: Constant Density, Ideal Gas Law,
Isentropic Gas Law, and customizable density models.

Viscosity

The
laminar viscosity coefficient controls the rate at which momentum is
redistributed within the fluid due to molecular (i.e., diffusive)
motions. It is an intrinsic fluid property whose value specifies the
correlation between the applied tangential stress on the fluid and the
resulting rate of shear (deformation). Both Newtonian and
non-Newtonian models are available. Non-Newtonian models
include: Power Law, Carreau, Bingham, Casson, and
customizable viscosity models.

Specific
Heat

The specific heat at constant
pressure Cp is an intrinsic material property (SI units: J/kg/deg K)
which must be specified whenever the heat transfer option is selected. The
options available are: Constant Value, Field Value (e.g., for
multi-species flows), and customizable specific heat models.

Thermal
Conductivity

The thermal conductivity k
is an intrinsic material property (SI units: w/m/deg K). There are
various options to define the thermal conductivity of a fluid or solid.
In many practical cases, the thermal conductivity is either a constant or a
function of temperature.

Thermal
Expansion Coefficient

STORM assigns fixed default
values for this parameter valid at 300 K for most fluids. The user may
specify a value for the thermal expansion coefficient or decide to use the
value for a particular fluid type from the Fluid Material Property Library.