Utilitarianism on extra marital sex

﻿"Utilitarianism is the best approach to extra marital sex" Extramarital sex occurs when a married person engages in sexual activity with someone other than their marriage partner, this would also be known as infidelity or audltary which had the consequence of being stonned to death in the times of Jesus " If a man commits adultery with another man's wife-with the wife of his neighbour-both the adulterer and the adulteress must be put to death. (Leviticus 20:10). The negative association with sex outside of marriage arises due to the many consequences it could have; such as the 'broken trust' that follows due to the violation of the vows taken infront of God. With infidelity that has been committed by the women brings uncertanity on who the father is of any offsprings this is frowned upon as men do not want to spend money and time on children that are not theirs. Also sex outside of marriage can also spread disease to the innocent which could cause physical and emotional pain. Utilitarianism only asks whether sexual behaviour will cause harm or give pleasure: if, on balance, it produces more pleasure than harm, then it's good. This isn't an excuse for wholesale rape and promiscuity; you have to think of your own pleasure, but also your partner's and everybody else who would be affected. This is known as the harm principle and it rules out rape, adultery in most cases and other harmful, coercive or deceitful sexual behaviours. Jeremy Bentham's writings on the law of marriage are firmly based on the principle of utility, the ‘greatest happiness principle’, which asserts that all human actions are motivated by a wish to avoid pain and gain pleasure. Bentham placed sexual love, which he described as physical desire, in the category of ‘self-regarding’ motives for human behaviour, along with ‘pecuniary interest’, love of power, and self preservation. Therefore in the course of drafting a utilitarian law of marriage Bentham set out an explanation of the pleasures and...

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...that pull them toward affairs AND
Forces within the individual that push them toward affairs Societal factors
Forces within the individual that pull them toward affairs:
Attraction: sex, companionship, admiration, power, Novelty, Excitement, risk, or challenge ,Curiosity Enhanced self-image, Falling in love,
Forces within the individual that push them toward affairs:
Desire to escape or find relief from a painful relationship, Boredom, Desire to fill gaps in an existing relationship, Desire to punish one's partner, Need to prove one's attractiveness or worth, Desire for attention
Societal factors
Affairs are glamorized in movies, soap operas, romance novels, and TV shows of all kinds. Public disclosure of public figures having affairs is headline news because we are fascinated and titillated by hearing of others' affairs.
People are bombarded with images of women as sex objects in advertising and marketing campaigns. Over and over, the message to men is that the good life includes a parade of sexy women in their lives. Women inadvertently buy into this image and strive to achieve it.
The lack of good sex education and the existence of sexual taboos combine to make it difficult for most partners to talk honestly about sex.
As teenagers we get conditioned in deception when it comes to sex—engaging in sexual activity while hiding it from our parents.
The code of secrecy is a major factor in...

...CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the study
Premarital sex (also called Fornication) is sexual intercourse engaged in by persons who are unmarried. It is generally used in reference to individuals who are presumed not yet of marriageable, or between adults who will presumably marry eventually, but who are engaging in sexual activity prior to marriage. It is considered a serious sin in fundamentalist Christianity. In many Asian cultures, premarital sex is banned to prevent unwanted pregnancy in women. The term is not generally applied to a couple which is in a committed long-term relationship such as cohabitation.
The origin of the word derives from Latin. The word fornix means "an archway" or "vault" and it became a common euphemism for a brothel as prostitutes could be solicited in the vaults beneath Rome. More directly, fornicatio means "done in the archway"; thus it originally referred to prostitution. The first recorded use of the noun in its modern meaning was in 1303 AD, with the verb fornicate first recorded around 250 years later.
Most world religions have sought to address the moral issues that arise from people's sexuality in society and in human interactions. Each major religion has developed codes covering issues of sexuality, morality, ethics etc. Though these moral codes do not address issues of sexuality directly, they seek to regulate the situations which can give rise to sexual interest and to influence people's sexual...

...Pre-MaritalSex/Fornication
Since almost everything in today’s times can be achieved in an instant, the advancements which helped in achieving an easy life promoted a no more sweat to catch lifestyle and so people’s way in dealing with daily life and relationships also come in just a snap and some things, even the most delicate, sacred and intimate like achieving pleasure is the same as cooking instant noodles. Some of us might wonder why such things, even forbidden in our society is in reality existing and is rapidly becomes the core issue especially with teenagers. The truth is how much we deny ‘sex’, it is still one of the controversial and mostly undeniable topics and it’s all because, even teenagers are actively engaged on it. We call it as “Pre-maritalsex” because it is done outside marriage and we know that this is not morally right but how come in a recent survey conducted by Jeremy and his colleges,” The last one hundred years have witnessed a revolution in sexual behaviour. In 1900, only 6% of US women would have engaged in premarital sex by the age of 19, compared to 75% today. Public acceptance of premarital sex has reacted with a lag; in 1968 only 15% of women had a permissive attitude towards the act, despite the fact that about 40% of 19 year-old females had had premarital sex. The number with a permissive attitude had jumped to 45% by 1983, a...

...﻿Pre-MaritalSex and Extramarital Relations
Introduction
Sexuality is an instinct imprinted into the genes of each living creature. Attraction to the opposite sex has been the key factor behind reproduction and survival of each species. Most of the species are born with only seasonal sexual necessities. They mate and reproduce only at limited times a year.
Human beings, on the other hand, have active sexual instincts throughout his/her life; right from the very day he/she discovers his/her sexuality in pre-adulthood. This instinct has found overpowering the cultural advancement we have gained over the past.
Sexuality is only sexuality for all other animals, but human beings have restricted forms of sexuality like pre-marital sexuality and extra-marital sexuality. The main reason behind introducing this restriction is that unlike all other animals we live in a civilized society with strict norms of morality and cultural obligations. The society always long for mature relationships and mutual respect between each member of this society. The main goal behind bringing in the sexual restrictions is that each member of this society should be treated with dignity and not as instruments of fulfilling lust.
The word infidelity actually comes from the word infidel, which means someone who has betrayed or been unfaithful to their religion. It can also simply mean someone who generally...

...Pre-maritalsex tends to be quite a disturbing issue these days especially among teenagers. The education ministry believes that having sex education to be taught in schools would be a good awakening for students especially teenagers.
In my opinion, having sex education being taught in school would not play a very big role in the students’ lives. It all depends on the individual itself. An individual or in this case teenagers should know and be able to analyze whether having sex before marriage is good or bad and is it morally right or wrong.
Is pre-maritalsex morally acceptable? Having asked myself the question, I tried to think of it in the aspect of morality. To me pre-maritalsex is not “morally” acceptable as marriage and morals are more towards religious concepts and from a religious perspective, pre-maritalsex is definitely wrong.
Marriage is a religious concept, although in many industrialized nations we have woven it into the fabric of our society and culture. Whether something is "morally" wrong is also a religious and/or cultural concept. Therefore, when I asked myself the question on whether "is premarital sex morally wrong?" I first asked myself whether "my" religion says it is right or wrong and, second, whether our society condones that particular action. Most religions say that...

...﻿ Utilitarianists are often persecuted for holding a morality in which the end always justifies the means, no matter how repulsive it may be to intuitional moral standards. Hare attempts to quiet controversy by combining act and rule utilitarianism in daily life in such a way that internal moral standards are satisfied and overall good is promoted. Kymlicka stays firm in his opposition to Hare’s theories and shuns the idea of consequentialism having intrinsic value greater than that of intuitive moral standards. Hare’s process of critical thinking combined with intuitionism leads to a flawless conclusion based on systematic procedure that will benefit the most people in the long term even against Kymlicka’s well thought out arguments.
Kymlicka thinks that utilitarianism bypasses immediate obligations that should be fulfilled. He believes that utilitarianists’ foresight actually hinders their ability to do what is “right” or “just” in the present. He also believes that utilitarianism gives too much weight to illegitimate preferences, meaning that utilitarianists can often choose to do the worse option in consideration in order to satiate a desire for immoral happiness. In the specific case that he puts forward, Kymlicka uses the simple example of an everyday action in which a loan is given to him and he faces the moral dilemma of whether or not he should repay it. He believes that the utilitarianist might keep the money or give it...

...﻿
UtilitarianismUtilitarianism is an ethical theory that assesses an action as morally right and just if it produces the most amount of net happiness. There are two forms of utilitarianism: act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism is the standard form, which considers all paths of the action that lead to immediate and long-term happiness, as well has the magnitude and how long the happiness will last. Furthermore, if all paths lead to the same amount of net happiness, each path would be just as morally right as the other. It also does not take into account the number of people it affects – it only considers the amount of happiness. To English philosopher Jeremy Bentham, the founder of utilitarianism, happiness is pleasure and the absence of pain. He believed that all types of pleasure, if the in same amount, were also equal in quality. However, it is difficult to calculate an amount of happiness. Is the amount of happiness one receives from getting a promotion at McDonald’s the same as happiness one gets from graduating law school? So, John Stuart Mill, fellow philosopher and follower of Bentham’s utilitarian theory, believed that different pleasures have different values. To Mill, physical pleasures are valued less than pleasure that invigorate the mind. Thus, in the McDonald’s promotion and law school degree scenarios, Bentham would argue...

...Utilitarianism:
“Actions are right in the proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness.” John Stuart Mill utilitarianism, 1863
Utilitarians founder Jeremy Bentham has a famous formulation that is know as the “greatest-happiness principle”. The definition of this is “the ethical principle that an action is right in so far as it promotes the greatest happiness of the greatest number of those affected”.
Central Beliefs:
There are seven thoughts guiding them.
These are
1. They want to think about the future
2. They want to leave the part of land they live on the same or even better than before
3. They want a better world where everyone is happy and think if themselves on how to make themselves happy and also how to make other people happy
4. They want right and wrong to be a bit easier. They do not want list to rule their lives. They say that if the Ten Commandments should only be obeyed if it increases their happiness and if they don’t they will not obey them
5. They do not want to talk to much about whether certain prefences are better than others eg. Opera vs. mud wrestling, or homosexuality vs. heterosexuality.
6. They will think of their own happiness, but other people’s happiness counts greatly. They would sacrifice their own happiness if they have to make someone else happy.
7. Do not limit their thinking to human ‘people’. Seek for a happier world where the...