ED3629 Catering for Special Needs

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Transcript of ED3629 Catering for Special Needs

Jaimee Anderson, Jessica Arthur and Olivia PalermoHow common are reading difficulties?Problems with fluency in reading - slow and staggered reading

Problems identifying letter to sound relationships

Continually sounds out the same word when it appears in reading

Often guesses at unknown words rather than employing other strategies e.g. sounding out

Has trouble understanding the meaning of texts

Avoids reading and writing tasksSigns of Reading DifficultiesDiagnosisWhat can we do to help?STRATEGIESThank you!Exploring StrategiesActivity TimeLet's DiscussRemediation for Reading DifficultiesWhat can we do?Strategies chosen to assist students experiencing reading difficulties should be based on the type of difficulty the child is experiencing, i.e.:

DecodingComprehendingReading is the main method by which new information is acquired.

People with good literacy skills are more able to participate in society and achieve success in life beyond school.

An inability to read will place students at risk in all areas of the curriculum, inhibiting achievement in school and life beyond school.

Early intervention for students experiencing reading difficulties is as such essential.Why is reading important?Affects approximately 30% of children within a school.

Is the main reason for referrals to school psychologists.

Is not limited to students who have other identified disabilities or special needs, but can also affect gifted and talented students.Oral Reading Assessment e.g. Running RecordsWaddington Diagnostic Reading AssessmentComprehension activitiesReading interviewsReferral to school PsychologistIn the classroom we can use:E-booksMicrosoft ReaderText to SpeechiPads/iPodsAudiobooksRead Please SoftwareInteractive Whiteboard Activities

Teachers can also encourage parents to use these resources in the home environmentHow can we incorporate ICT to assist struggling readers?ICTGamesAs such reading difficulties may be related to problems in:

Decoding written language - being able to read the words within a text.

Comprehending written language - being able to make meaning from a text.Types of reading difficultiesThe simple view of reading suggests that the reading process is based upon the complementary processes of decoding, and comprehending the language of a written text.This is a severe difficulty in learning to read and spell despite conventional instruction, adequate intelligence and appropriate opportunity.DyslexiaReading RecoverySuccess For AllQuickSmartMULTILITReading RescueProgrammesThese intervention programmes are generally adopted as a whole school approach.Explicit Teaching

Daily reading instruction - 30 minutes

Selecting Texts

Incorporate writing in order to strengthen concepts about print and spellingi.e. phonic knowledge, word analysis and blending

Work with parents to provide additional support for the student. i.e. providing appropriate books for students to practice reading at home.

Adapt the regular class program to allow both weaker and stronger readers to achieve successGeneral Principles for Reading InterventionIndependent Reading Level: Text that is easy and can be read without assistance

Instructional Reading Level: Text that can be read with some assistance from the teacher or more expert peer

Frustration Reading Level: Text that cannot be read or comprehended by the reader, even with assistance.Selecting TextsA variety of text types should be provided which engages the student through realistic and interest based content.Visual, Auditory, Kinaesthetic and Tactile (VAKT)Multisensory ApproachThe Fernald VAK Approach includes:1. Learner chooses a word they wish to learn2. Teacher writes this word on an index card3. Learner finger traces the word, whilst saying each syllablethis is repeated until the learner feels confident of writing the word from memory4. When new words have been mastered index cards are then filed for revision"What I know about, I can talk about.What I say can be written down by someone.I can read what has been written."Language Experience ApproachReading, vocabulary and comprehension are developed through the recognition of unfamiliar words using context.Cloze ProceduresDesigned to increase fluency, accuracy, expression and confidence in reading.Repeated Reading"Dictated story" approach - Uses the child's own thoughts and language to produce personalised reading material.

The child's 'stories' are scribed, or written by the student with assistance.

Students practice reading their own material to develop confidence and fluency.

The teacher controls the vocabulary added to the child's repertoire.

This activity can later be developed into sentence building activities with word cards from stories from previous lessons.

Additional activities can be introduced to further enhance this approach.Certain words within a paragraph are removed and the reader supplies possible words to complete a meaningful sentence.

This activity can be used on an individual basis or as a small group task.

Variations can cater for different ability levels.Readers repeat a passage aloud until their accuracy rate is above 95% and fluency is attained.Teacher models the reading and the student follows the text.The student practices the material aloud, receiving corrective feedback.This process is repeated until nearly perfect.Lastly the student's reading is recorded on audiotape.The recording is played back and the student is giving the chance to hear themselves as a fluent reader, providing added confidence.A variation of the Repeated Reading strategyImpress MethodSessions are 5-10 minutes in length.