Folic acid and natural folates are B group vitamins obtained exclusively from the diet. Biochemically, folate derivatives participate in the transfer of single carbon units, acting as methyl group donors for numerous ...

Messenger RNA plays a central role in gene expression. Regulation of gene expression is critical to determining phenotype. Disruption of this regulation is a causal or contributory factor in many diseases. Gene expression ...

Gout is associated with various co-morbidities including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Gout and type 2 diabetes are strongly linked to the individual components of metabolic syndrome. There may be shared pathogenic ...

Paternally Expressed Gene 10 (PEG10) is an imprinted, retrotransposon-derived gene found in mammals. Although many of the retrotransposon domains have become degenerated in PEG10, a predicted retroviral-type aspartyl ...

Photosystem II is a large, multi-subunit pigment-protein super-complex capable of splitting water to generate protons and electrons ultimately for the reduction of carbon dioxide into sugars: and as a by-product of this ...

The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is an attractive target for engineering novel metabolic pathways for the synthesis of useful compounds directly from CO2 as it is a naturally transformable, oxygenic photoautotroph ...

Sea urchins are studied as model organisms for developmental and systems biology, and the sequencing of one species’ genome revealed many avenues for further studies. Sea urchins’ highly expanded innate immune system is a ...

One of the major problems facing the world in the 21st century is feeding a growing population on ever-decreasing arable land. The majority of the world’s calorific intake comes from seeds, primarily those of wheat, rice ...

Alzheimer’s disease is characterised by progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions. The symptoms extend to severe dementia and, in extreme cases, death. The neurological damage arises from the accumulation of a ...