Binary numbers and mathematics.

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Binary Numbers

Whether it be from math class or computer science class, eventually we will need to learn about number systems, and the mathematics that is involved.

Binary numbers

, as with decimal, octal, and hexadecimal numbers, are organized into columns. To learn binary math, we first need to understand how number systems operate. Let's take a look at the decimal system first, since it is simple and easier to think about. We can consider the number "1234" as,

The decimal system, as with decimal math, operates in "base 10" (dec being the Latin prefix for ten) using the digits 0-9 to represent numbers, whereas the binary system, as well as its math, operates in "base 2" (bi being the Latin prefix for two) using the digits 0-1 to represent numbers. The base is also known as the radix. In other words, the table above can be represented as,

Thousands

Hundreds

Tens

Ones

Decimal

10^3

10^2

10^1

10^0

Binary

2^3

2^2

2^1

2^0

In base 10, we put the digits 0-9 in columns 10^0, 10^1, 10^2, and so on. To put a number that is greater than 9 into 10^n, we must add to 10^(n+1). For example, adding 10 to column 10^0 requires us to add 1 to the column 10^1.

In base 2, we put the digits 0-1 in columns 2^0, 2^1, 2^3, and so on. To put a number that is greater than 1 into 2^n, we must add to 2^(n+1). For example, adding 3 to column 2^0 requires us to add 1 to the column 2^1.