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5.
Nixon on Vietnam Nixon’s 1968 Campaign promised an end to the war: Peace with Honor  Appealed to the great “Silent Majority” Vietnamization Expansion of the conflict  The “Secret War”  Cambodia  Laos Agent Orange (chemical defoliant)

6.
“Pentagon Papers,” 1971 Former defense analyst Daniel Ellsberg leaked govt. docs. regarding war efforts during Johnson’s administration to the New York Times. Docs. Govt. misled Congress & Amer. People regarding its intentions in Vietnam during mid-1960s.  Primary reason for fighting not to eliminate communism, but to avoid humiliating defeat.  New York Times v. United States (1971) *

7.
The Ceasefire, 1973 Peace is at hand  Kissinger, 1972  North Vietnam attacks South  Most Massive U.S. bombing commences 1973: Ceasefire signed between  U.S., South Vietnam, & North Vietnam Peace with honor (President Nixon)

9.
The Ceasefire, 1973 Conditions: 1. U.S. to remove all troops 2. North Vietnam could leave troops already in S.V. 3. North Vietnam would resume war 4. No provision for POWs or MIAs Last American troops left South Vietnam on March 29, 1973 1975: North Vietnam defeats South Vietnam Saigon renamed Ho Chi Minh City

18.
And in the End…. Ho Chi Minh: If we have to fight, we will fight. You will kill ten of our men and we willkill one of yours, and in the end itwill be you who tires of it.

19.
Lessons for Future American Presidents1. Wars must be of short duration.2. Wars must yield few American casualties.3. Restrict media access to battlefields.4. Develop and maintain Congressional and public support.5. Set clear, winnable goals.6. Set deadline for troop withdrawals.