The efficiency of Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) can be seriously harmed as investors and hosts of JI/CDM investments are trying to maximise emission reduction credits. The easiest way to invoke gaming in emission reductions is the selection of an overestimated baseline and credit 'non-real' emission reductions. The baseline which is inherently a counterfactual situation that will never be realised incorporates uncertainty in emission reductions. In order to explore the environmental integrity and the uncertainty associated with the baseline choice, this paper applies a computerised tool to construct, store and compare different types of baselines and benchmarks for projects in Indonesia and the Russian Federation. It analyses the effects of the selection of different benchmarks for the preservation of the effectiveness of the two Kyoto mechanisms and on the range of baseline uncertainty that is calculated for each case study project.

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Location: 20+ Sites across the USProject Start Date: 2008Element Markets manages emissions compliance for one of the largest private equity firms in the United States. Our client controls several projects that require an array of compliance services, and they rely on our expertise to centrally manage every aspect and to optimize value across their portfolio. Element Markets handles procurement and sales of environmental credits, and provides the client with contract services, optimization strategies, regulatory...

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