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Global Information Distribution Networks
Two major technologies underpins the global information network distribution and they are as follows;

Long Distance Networks – Fiber Optics
Long distance connectivity is available via cable (coax or fiber) owned by long distance or inter- exchange carriers (IXCs). Experience suggests that fiber optics for international transmission is likely to grow as they provide impressive economic advantage for selected routes where the growth in demand for communications capacity is high.
The current large scale capacity of fiber optic connections between the US and Europe is enhanced to operate at gigabit rate.
The major long distance carriers have focused their attention on wireless technologies and made plans to work with or acquire companies in the wireless market. This would enable them to provide long-distance services to cellular users and possibly to develop a more economical local access network to reach their own subscribers

Satellite Networks
The role of satellites in the communications industry has changed substantially during the past two decades. Initially satellites were used to transport long distance telecommunications and one way video broadcasts. The advent of fiber optics in the early 80s changed the role of satellites in the global communication industry. Fiber optics has emerged as the technology of choice, not only because it is capable of providing higher bandwidth than satellites but also because it is immune to EMI. Hence, it is being deployed for long distance communication and even underseas to carry international traffic.
Satellite networks do have accessibility from any spot on the globe, can provide digital broadband service including voice, data and video without the cost of acquiring wire installation. Today about 150 communication satellites in geosynchronous orbit (GEO) are providing a wide range of services, including broadcast video and overseas telephone links. In 1980s, a new class of satellites using a narrow beam to focus the transmitted energy on a small geographical area known as VSAT.