Wijk et al. (1959) listed 31 species of Aongstroemia from the entire world, and six of them were from China. Of these six names, five have been synonymized or placed elsewhere. Aongstroemia bicolor C. Müll. and A. curvicaulis C. Müll. are synonymous with Oncophorus virens (Hedw.) Brid., A. liliputana C. Müll. with Dicranella liliputana (C. Müll.) Par., A. micro-divaricata C. Müll. with Dicranella micro-divaricata (C. Müll.) Par., and A. uncinifolia (Broth.) Broth. with A. orientalis Mitt., which is the only species currently recognized in China.