1. A company uses a predetermined overhead recovery rate based on machine hours. Budgeted factory overhead for a year amounted to £720 000, but actual factory overhead incurred was £738 000. During the year, the company absorbed £714 000 of factory overhead on 119 000 actual machine hours.

What was the company's budgeted level of machine hours for the year?

A 116098 B 119000 C 120000

D 123 000

2. A company absorbs overheads on machine hours which were budgeted at 11 250 with overheads of £258 750. Actual results were 10 980 hours with overheads of £254 692. Overheads were:

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...Absorption Spectroscopy
Abstract:
Absorption spectroscopy validated Beer-Lambert’s Law, confirming Beer-Lambert’s Law was a successful method in determining the molar concentration of a sample within a composition that is unidentified. Absorption spectroscopy is used in order to determine the ε value; ε was calculated to be .0566.
Introduction:
The purpose of the Absorption Spectroscopy experiment is to evaluate the reliability and accuracy when using Beer-Lambert Law to determine the concentration of a specific sample within a mixture solution.
The number of electrons being absorbed as well as the correlating photons emitted as the electron returns back down to ground state can be measured using Absorption spectroscopy. The amount of light absorption can ultimately be determined by the specific amounts of light that enter as well as the specific amounts of light that exit. Absorbance relies on the amount of molecules; the amount of molecules will increase when the number of particles also increases. The increasing of number of particles will then result in an increase in concentration.
Absorption can be calculated using the Beer-Lambert Law (A = εbC; A = Absorbance, b = Path Length, and C = Concentration), the morality as well as the concentration calculations are also important parts in determining...

...Introduction
At any particular wavelength the absorption of light when visible light passes through a solution depends on two factors:
* The length of the light path
* The concentration of the colored path
The connection of these two variables is known as the Beer-Lambert Law:
Absorbance (A) = ε c l
Where ε is the absorption coefficient
C is the concentration of the compound
And l is the length of light usually 1cm
When I is constant, this proves a linear relationship between absorbance and concentration. This means it can be rearranged to find the find the optimum concentration for maximum absorbance.
C = A/ ε
Methods:
The two reagents used are Bromophenol blue and Methyly orange.
Experiment 1:
1 Set up the colorimeter at 400nm, measure the absorbance of both reagents against distilled water, this will be used as a blank
(make sure to zero the colorimeter after each interval)
2 Repeat this procedure at 20nm from 420nm to 700nm
3 After getting a range of results make further readings in smaller intervals to precisely locate the wavelength for λmax
Experiment 2:
1 Using the protocol provided prepare a series of dilutions in testubes for each compound for the range of concentrations from 1 to 10mg/l.
2 Using the λmax for each reagent from Experiement 1 set the colorimeter against distilled water and measure the absorption
3 Repeat for other dilution series
Results:...

...Practical 3
Absorption Spectra and the Beer-Lambert Law
INTRODUCTION
Electromagnetic radiation can be described in terms of frequency (V) and wavelength (λ). Absorbance is the capacity of a substance to absorb radiation and transmittance (the fraction radiation at a specified wavelength that passes through a sample) is physical properties that all molecules have.
The purpose of experiment one was to find the maximum absorbance (λmax) occurred for both bromophenol blue and methyl orange by using spectrophotometer. Spectrophotometer is a device that measures the absorption of radiation at a particular wavelength. In experiment two, the purpose was to investigate the relation between concentration of the solution and its absorbance at the (λmax) obtained from experiment one for each dye.
Beer's Law states that concentration of a substance is directly proportional to its amount of light absorption (Department of Biology, 2008). The number of molecules of the solute is related exponentially to the amount of light that is absorbed while passing through the solute, called the solute concentration. Using Beer's Law with known absorptivity at the absorption maximum a substance's concentration within a solute can be measured. Since spectrophotometers are constructed to give absorbance, concentration can be figured out through their relationship to each other (Jones, A, et al, 2007).
Methods
All the steps were...

...A Spectrophotometric Analysis of the Absorption of Green Light Versus Red Light Absorption in Spinach Leaves
The goal of the experiment was to determine if green light had less ability to absorb than red light in spinach leaves. This was done by separating the photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and xanthophylls) from one another using paper chromatography. The separated pigments were then analyzed for theirabsorption spectrum using a spectrographometer. When the data was graphed it clearly showed the higher rate of red light absorption over green light. These results along with previous research indicate the importance of red light in photosynthesis and the minor role green light plays.
The majority of life on Earth depends on photosynthesis for food and oxygen. Photosynthesis is the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen using the sun's light energy (Campbell, 1996). This process consists of two parts the light reactions and the Calvin cycle (Campbell, 1996). During the light reactions is when the sun's energy is converted into ATP and NADPH, which is chemical energy (Campbell, 1996). This process occurs in the chloroplasts of plants cell. Within the chloroplasts are multiple photosynthetic pigments that absorb light from the sun (Campbell, 1996).
Photosynthetic pigments work by absorbing different wavelengths of light and reflecting...

...LS1120 Practical 3
ABSORPTION SPECTRA AND THE BEER-LAMBERT LAW
The purpose of this practical was to measure the amount of a chemical substance present in a sample. Primarily, the aim of Experiment 1 was to measure the absorption spectrum of a particular coloured substance (in this case Bromophenol Blue and Methyl Orange) at varying wavelengths of light. For Experiment 2, the process of the experiment focuses on the substance and records itsabsorption levels at different concentrations.
The absorption levels (A) that are obtained when samples of any given substance exposed to a source of visible light are measured by: The length (l) of the light path (i.e. the distance over which the light had to travel), and the concentration (c) of that substance. This, essentially, is the Beer-Lambert law. Therefore, a molecule can only absorb a specific amount of visible light because of the size of its container (the length from one side to the other) and the concentration.
Absorption levels vary across compounds. To measure the absorbance, a reference sample has to be used along with the actual dye sample being tested. The intensity of the light passing through the reference cell is measured for each wavelength of light used. (Chemguide, 2007)
Method
Experiments 1 and 2 were carried out as specified in the LS1120 Practical Schedules booklet.
In doing so, a problem was encountered. While measuring the...

...Absorption Spectroscopy
Author: Cesar M. Lemas
Lab Partners: Jahnnan Jayesh Patel, Myong Ho Lee & Salem Alsaif
Instructor: Jordan Andrew Mudery
Chem 151, Section 7D
Date Work Performed: October 18th 2012
Date Report submitted: October 25th 2012
Abstract
Absorption spectroscopy is a practical way to find what the light absorption of a substance is, and whit this data combining the Beer’s law equation you can determine the concentration of different things in a solution, in this case using a orange Gatorade looking the concentration of its dye which is yellow dye #6 and what amount of this Gatorade sample is needed to kill someone. The outcomes in this experiment were that the yellow dye #6 concentration is 5.36 x10-6 M and that the LD50 (lethal dose) is 22,515 L / KG.
Introduction
In this experiment, we are going to use the Absorption Spectroscopies to determine the level of risk posed to the consumer by the amount of dye present in a commercial food product and how much is needed to get a LD50 of this dye. The determination will be accomplished using a Beer’s Law analysis. In this case using an Orange Gatorade with the yellow dye #6
Absorption Spectrometry is the study light absorbed by molecules. In it white light is cause to pass through a sample and then through a device that breaks the light up into a spectrum. When such light is passed through a sample,...

...OFFICE MACHINE – REPORT – OVERHEAD PROJECTOR
An overhead projector is a very basic but reliable form of projector. The overhead projector displays images onto a screen or wall. It consists of a large box containing a cooling fan and an extremely bright light, with a long arm extended above it. At the end of the arm is a mirror that catches and redirects the light towards the screen.
An overhead projector can be used to enlarge images onto the screen or wall for audiences to view. Transparencies can be placed onto the projector to be viewed by both the audience and the speaker. The overhead projector was once a common feature in both classrooms and business meetings. Recently, it has seen a decline in use, as more sophisticated computer based projectors are favored.
The overhead projector was first seen during World War II. It was used as a tool to train large numbers of servicemen. In the 1950s and 60s, it crossed over into the classroom as an educational tool, and then into the business world as a training tool. The overhead projector reached its sales peak in the 1990s, when almost every classroom and business place in America had one installed.
Brief History of Overhead Projector
Overhead projectors continue to be used for presentation purposes in both school and business settings despite the advancements in presentation technology. Read...