Only a fraction of synthetic fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium placed in soils are utilized by plants.

Some of the applied nutrients are volatized into the air.

Much of the applied fertilizers travel past the root zone of the target plants , through the soil profile, and into groundwater, streams, lakes, and oceans.

The leached nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients to aquatic plant growth such as algae. When aquatic plants absorb an abundance of these nutrients, they grow out of control. This process can lead to the biological death of a body of water due to depleted oxygen.

A rapid growth of phytoplankton, or algae create dense populations, or blooms that ultimately sink and are decomposed by bacteria, depleting the bottom waters of oxygen.

BioRestore® Micorrhizae Inoculants and BioRestore® Bio-Stimulant humic soil amendments capture, store, and augment these very valuable nutrients, making them available to plants, trees, and microorganisms.

Humic substances are present in soil organic matter and are a major component of soil fertility.

Soil organic matter is composed of living and dead plant and animal matter, and humus.

Humus is the part of organic matter that has been decomposed to the point which resists further decomposition, and that its parent material can no longer be identified.

Humus can be divided into soluble humic matter and insoluble non-humic matter.

BioRestore® Bio-Stimulants humic soil amendments and foliar products utilizes the soluble portion of humus to improve soil fertility, increase plant yield and plant quality, and lower operating costs. It is composed of a family of organic compounds that includes elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, with small amounts of sulfur and phosphorous, and many other trace metals.

The aromatic backbone and various ether linkages of the organic compound structure causes the molecules to be biologically activity. The oxygen containing function groups are negatively charge and impart the increase in Cation Exchange Capacity, and the Amines (NH2) are positively charged and impart the increase in Anion Exchange Capacity in the soil.

BioRestore® Bio-Stimulants humic soil amendments capability of binding with water molecules, and other essential nutrients improves the microorganism habitat, and leads to an increase in biomass concentrations.

This increase in biomass results in an increase in soil organic matter, and an improvement in soil fertility.

An increase in bacteria, molds, fungi, earthworms, and sow bugs, which is a food source for springtails, mold mites, roundworms, beetle mites, and protozoa, and that themselves are a food source for centipedes, rove beetles, ants, and predatory mites all contribute to providing more areas in the soil for water, molecular oxygen, plant roots, and mycorrhizae to occupy.

This increased biomass concentration generates more heat, water, and humus through biodegradation activities, and is especially important in the early phase of the growing season.

A healthier microorganism habitat will increase yields, and act as a store house for essential nutrients required by plants.
•Higher yields result in a higher concentration of soil humus, which then result in even higher yields.

BioRestore® Bio-Stimulants Humic Soil Amendments: Research

It is through Cation Exchange that humus
molecules make nutrients available to plant roots
that otherwise would not be readily available.

It is the increased nutrient availability to the plant
roots that reduce the amount of fertilizers
required.

It is the negatively charged functional groups that
help retain water and positively charged ions, and
make them available to the plant.

It is the increased nutrient and water availability
that increases yield and plant quality, reduces
operating costs, and increases profitability.

Cornell University Research Study

The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of a soil is
expressed in centimol positive charge per kg of soil (cmolc/kg).

High Cation Exchange Capacity soils have a greater water and nutrient (cations) holding capacity and are less susceptible to leaching than low CEC soils.

A higher CEC soil will use less water and store
more nutrients compared to lower CEC soils.

BioRestore® Bio-Stimulants Humic Soil Amendments: Research

A two year seed treatment trial on rice conducted at a University in the Philippines showed increased yields with a seed soaked treatment application. Optimum results were achieved using 1.3 litres per 20 litres of water and soaking the seeds for 12 hours. The rice seeds were then incubated for 24 hours, and germinated before planting.

Comparative yield performance of rice plants with BioRestore® Bio-Stimulants humic,
and yield performance without Bio-Stimulants, applied with the same rate of fertilizer treatment

Treatments of Recommended Rate of Granular Fertilizers

BioRestore® Bio-Stimulants Humic Soil Amendments: Research

Other studies have shown similar success with wheat, corn, soybeans, , alfalfa, beans, tomatoes, potatoes, and a wide variety of other crop types.

A three year trial on canola showed increase yields and profitability, even while reducing P fertilizer inputs. The application rates were 7, 15, 30, and 45 litres per acre. Although yields generally increase as the application rate increases, the higher rates may not always be the most cost effective.

Several other studies using humic substances have demonstrated increased yields, with lower fertilizer inputs. A three year study by Hopkins and Stark at the University of Idaho concluded:

the addition of humic to the fertilizer band tended to increase yields at both high and low P levels,

that increased availability of P due to its increased solubility with humic was partially responsible for yield increases, and

that humic increased P uptake as measured by petiole P concentrations, and that this could also account for the increased yields and plant quality.

BioRestore® Endo and Ecto Mycorrhizae

Under circumstances where the removal of top soil, erosion, compaction, fumigation, or tillage and fallow practices have left the soil with less than sufficient beneficial organisms, BioRestore® Endo and Ecto Mycorrhizae can improve plant performance and quality with less fertilizers and water usage.

The surface absorbing area of roots increase up to 1,000 times, thereby greatly improving the ability of the plant to access soil resources. The properly matched mycorrhizae not only increases the plants nutrient and water uptake by increasing the roots surface area, but also by releasing powerful enzymes into the soil that dissolve hard to capture nutrients such as organic nitrogen, phosphorous, iron, and other tightly bound soil nutrients.

BioRestore® Endo and Ecto Mycorrhizae

Research Studies - Mycorrhizae Inoculant for Crops and Grasses

A North Dakota study showed an increased in flax yields of 27%.

A wheat farm in Nebraska increased its yield of organic wheat by 42%.

An agronomists in California documented a 20% yield increase of sorghum-sudan grass.

Other studies have shown similar success with onions, alfalfa, melons, garlic, carrots, rice, strawberries,tomatoes, potatoes, almonds and a host of other crops where yield increases have ranged from 10% to 40%, often with reduced inputs and cost.

Studies have shown that grass species in the family Poaceae benefit greatly from mycorrhizal colonization in terms of growth and nutrient acquisition (Gemma and Koske 1989; Sylvia and Burks 1988; Hall et al 1984, Rider et al. 2007).

Ecto mycorrhizae are used with coniferous trees like pine, spruce, fir, etc., and Endo mycorrhizae are used with broad-leafed trees like maple, ash, walnut , etc.

Data collected from approximately 10 million forest seedlings planted with mycorrhizael inoculants, demonstrated an average increases in survival and/or growth of 25%.

A study of approximately one million nursery seedlings that were inoculated with mycorrhizal strains, were planted on a number of sites to compare field performance between inoculated and control plots. The first year field measurements showed statistical increases in growth from: 23% to 70% for Eucalyptus; 41% to 128% for Radiata Pine; and 113% to 125% for Quillay.

Commercial research to look at the effects of using Micorrhizae Inoculants and Humic Soil Amendments on Alfalfa Forage Acres

BioRestore® Micorrhizae inoculant applications can be applied before, during, or after planting

BioRestore® Bio-Stimulant Humic Soil Amendments Applications

BioRestore® Bio-Stimulants humic soil amendment applications are applied as an additive at the time fertilizers are being applied or separately as a soil amendment or seed treatment. BioRestore® Bio-Stimulants humic soil amendment products come in a liquid, dry, and granular format;

boost the effectiveness of the fertilizer utilization and soil inoculant applications,

Foliar: applications use 2 to 4 litres mixed with foliar applied materials. When spraying alone dilute 1:20 in water

Potted Plants: Use 4 to 6ml per litre of fertilizer solution

Hydroponic: 1 to 2 litres per 200 litres of nutrient solution

BioRestore® Endo and Ecto Micorrhizae Inoculant Applications:

Micorrhizae Inoculants: Registered under the Fertilizer Act

Mycorrhizae inoculants come in a powder, granular, gel, or liquid form, so as to accommodate a variety of equipment and application methods. The most effective way to BioRestore® their populations is to apply our inoculant to the seeds or roots. They can be mixed with plug flow systems, watered-in through injector systems or spray booms, or simply topically applied to existing plants in the field.

Powdered inoculants work well with hairy-textured seeds like many grass seeds, wheat, barley, and oats. Note: Excess powder falling off the seeds can accumulate in the seed box, possibly leading to mechanical problems with the auger and drill operation of the planting equipment.

Liquid inoculants are preferred for corn, beans, alfalfa, and similar smooth-surface seeds, because they adhere better than the powdered inoculants that would also require a tackifier product.

Note: Liquid inoculants can be applied to seed by mixing it with other seed treatments such as legume inoculants on beans, alfalfa and vetch.

Mycorrhizae Near-Seed Treatments

Liquid inoculants can be sprayed in furrow alone or with other liquids.

Granular inoculants can be mixed with the seeds in the furrow or be placed (banded) a few inches below and/or to the side of the furrow.

BioRestore® Endo and Ecto Micorrhizae Inoculant Applications:

Mycorrhizae Root Placement Treatments

In addition to seed treatment processes, granular inoculants may be shanked or knifed into the soil adjacent to the plant. The roots become colonized when they eventually enter the treated soil. The root placement application is used among

vegetable row crops grown from young transplants

perennial crops such as alfalfa, grasses, trees, shrubs, etc.

forage pastures

Liquid inoculants can be sprayed over the top of existing crops, if soils are porous and enough water is available to leach the mycorrhizal spores into the soil profile. This places the mycorrhizal propagule in the rooting zone where they will be effectively utilized.

Application rates are based upon placing sufficient numbers of spores on or near seeds or roots to ensure fast and effective colonization throughout the crop. A good time to apply the inoculum is when roots are most active such as spring and fall.

Mycorrhizae form a symbiotic relationship with the plant and through thousands of filaments that extend far beyond the plant roots, mine the soil nutrients, excrete antibiotics, and reduce drought and disease stresses. This symbiotic relationship produces:

Sod Operations: Inoculated grasses have increased sod strength, increased carbohydrate reserves, and greater survival upon transplanting. Rhizome or stolon development is the most important factor in sod strength and sod rooting capability.