It was a continuation of the Middles Ages- for example “That king of yours (Henry VIII of England) may bring back the golden age, though I shall not live to enjoy, as my tale draws to an end” But I also agree that it was a period of distinct from the Middle Ages, there were so many changes- economic, religious, and art after the Middles Ages came to the Renaissance. Economic changes occurred where there were low prices, excess food, and all of this seems to lead to trade. Banking and credit cards were created. During the “Black death” there was a strained mainly because of the low food supply. Religious changes affected the church, which was a hug part of their lives during the middles ages and the Renaissance. Humanism focused on individual achievements. For example, DaVinic work was considered humanist. Science was focused on the Renaissance which challenged the church doctrine. Art changes differ between Middles ages and the Renaissance. Middle Ages, people didn’t make art because they were too focused on church. Renaissance art was similar to the Italian and French and felt more realistic. In the middle ages, Muslims influenced art, and so the Renaissance had more, influences than the middle ages. In conclusion, the Renaissance was a golden age, but middle Ages were too dark and completed, where as the Renaissance had a stronger economy. In other words, the Middles ages had no care, (Doc 2) “Man was conscious of himself only as member of a race, people, party, family, or corporation.”

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...FOCUS QUESTIONS
What are the roots of the modern European era?
There were countless political, social and economic events that unfolded in the MiddleAges that could be said to be the roots of the Modern European Era...; such as the Black Death, the Hundred Years' War, the Great Schism, the Reformation of the Church, peasant rebellions, so on and so forth. However, most all of these events were the seeds of broader effects. They brought on such values as Capitalism, Nationalism, Humanism, the rise of the middle class. The events early events in the MiddleAges such as the Black Plague and Great Schism also started to waver people's ideas of religion, causing doubt in the church, and a rather dogmatic system beliefs in religion, focusing on doing good purely to attain salvation. Eventually, through cause and effect reformations, began to take place, including Erasmus, Christian Humanists, Zwingli, Calvin, Martin Luther, etc. who all heavily impacted different branches of Christianity in the Modern Era. These new differences in religion also gave a sense of Nationalism. Roots of Modern Europe lie in the MiddleAges, as well as the Classical period of time. The Roman/Greek ideals were becoming popular once more in the Renaissance, ideas of Humanism were widespread, further lessening the power of the church.
3) How did these trends [in the papacy] and scholasticism...

...﻿MiddleAges
Dates: 450-1450
1. What was going historically during this era? What was life like? The MiddleAges was a time of migrations, upheavals, and wars. People were divided by three main social classes: nobility, peasantry, and clergy.
2. Who or what had the power? Nobility
3. Who were learned or literate? Clergy
4. Who were allowed to sing in church? Men and Nuns
5. Most of the music that was notated during themiddleages was sacred or secular? Sacred. But Secular music was prominent outside of the church.
6. Was most medieval music vocal? Yes, but instruments were used on special occasions.
7. What is Gregorian Chant? Discuss its origin, texture, melody, rhythm, text. How did it receive its name? What is its purpose? The Gregorian Chant was a melody set to sacred latin texts and sung without accompaniment. It had no rhythm and it conveyed a calm, otherworldly quality. The “rhythm’ was flexible, without meter, and had little sense of beat, precise time values were not notated. It seemed as if it was a floating, almost improvisational character. The melodies moved by step within narrow ranges of pitches. Some of the texts were simple and elaborate; some were more than recitations on a single tone. Others contained complex melodic curves.
8. When chant was notated, was the rhythm notated or just the melody? Just the Melody.
9. What are church modes? The...

...The High MiddleAges brought forth an era fill with Christian followers. When the northern tribes in Europe swept down and brought down the Roman empire, they settle in the Roman land and converted themselves to Christianity. These changes brought forth new cultures and artworks that puts more emphasis on religion. During this period, a lot of churches and great cathedral was build. Historian divided the High MiddleAges into two periods: the Romanesque Period and the Gothic Period. The Romanesque Period was fill with beautiful churches that contain reminiscent feelings of ancient Roman architecture. The Gothic Period began when church's architecture are designed with pointy arches, ribbed vaulting, flying buttresses and stained glass windows. The emphasis on religion in artworks continued into the Renaissance Era since Christianity is the dominant religion in Europe. Italy was the first country to transitioned from the MiddleAges Era to the Renaissance Era. We can see that the artworks being made have some sort of Christianity influence in it, be it either statues, paintings, buildings and etc...
One great example of artworks in the Renaissance that put emphasis on Christianity is the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel that was painted by Michelangelo from 1508 to 1512. Even though this is the Renaissance Era, there is still a lot of focus on religion, especially the church. Since...

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DOCUMENT 1
The Book Before Gutenberg
The earliest books were written on scrolls. From the Second Century A.D. to the present time, however; most books have been produced in the familiar format – in other words, bound (attached) at one edge. During the MiddleAges, manuscript books were produced by monks who worked with pen and ink in a copying room known as a scriptorium. Even a small book could take months to complete, and a book the size of the Bible could take several years…
Source: www.hrc.utexas.edu/exhibitions/permanent/gutenberg/2a.html
1. How were books made before the development of the Gutenberg press?
DOCUMENT 2
…Gutenberg’s methods spread with stunning rapidity. By 1500 an estimated half million printed books were in circulation: religious works, Greek and Roman classics, scientific texts. Columbus’s report from the New World. The Gutenberg press was one reason for the quick advancements in art and science during the Renaissance….
Source: Robert Friedman, ed. The Life Millennium: The 100 Most Important Events and People of the Past 1,000 Years, Time, 1998
2. Based on this document: state one effects of Gutenberg’s invention:
DOCUMENT 3
. . . In the MiddleAges to praise man was to praise (think highly of) God, for man was a creation of God. But Renaissance writers praised man himself as a creator. They played down the sinfulness he was born with and focused on...

...revival of trade and commerce during the middleages impacted European Society in many ways but it is important to know how and what caused the revival of trade and commerce and then how it really changed the future European Society.
First the rise of Christianity start brought a new phase of history. The end of the ancient world which was the beginning of the Middleages. Three religions emerged from the fall of the ancient world, these were Latin Christendom, Byzantium, and Islam. The Byzantium civilization was by far the most advanced out of the three civilizations economically and culturally speaking compared to the Latin west. This was during the time were very few westerners could read and write, though Byzantine scholars studied the literature, philosophy, science, and the law of ancient Greece and Rome because that was their culture. Islam was the next civilization to come after the fall of Rome which was based on the religion of Islam which was founded by Muhammad. Neither of these two civilizations provided any major breakthrough in science, or technology, philosophy, art, or economics or political thoughts which would help bring the middleages to the modern world. It was the Latin Christendom who did this even though they were so far behind Islam and Byzantium culturally at first until after the twelfth century. Latin Christendom produced movements which brought the...

...From the MiddleAges to the Renaissance, Europe underwent a great deal of changes in culture, most notably art and religion. In the MiddleAges, people were more focused on the religion and spirituality, whereas during the Renaissance, the focus was more secular: right here and now as humans on Earth. Although these periods differ in many ways, three of the most notable changes were in architecture, art, and philosophy.
Architecture shifted from religious admiration to classic inspiration between the MiddleAges and the Renaissance. During the MiddleAges, architecture was built usually for making advancements in the church. Medieval cathedrals had distinctive features such as pointed arches, flying buttresses, and massive stained glass windows. Renaissance architecture was modeled after the classic Greek and Roman structures and was built with geometry, symmetry, and proportion in mind. Orderly arrangements of columns, pilasters, and lintels, as well as the use of semicircular arches and hemispherical domes replaced medieval buildings.
Art became very different between the two periods as well. Three important changes that occurred in art from the medieval period to the Renaissance were: the evolving role of the artist from craftsman to independent artist; the incorporation of more secular objects into works of art, particularly mythological objects; and...

...Was the end of the MiddleAges a sharp break with the past, or was it a gradual change? Discuss.
Breaking away from the past and forging a new future, a new way of life, is never an easy thing to do. It does not matter if it is on a personal level or civilization as a whole, rarely is it a clean break away from the normal routine. In the case of the MiddleAges (5th to 15th centuries) shifting into the Early ModernAge (15th to mid-18th centuries), sometimes classified as the Ages of Discovery and Revolution, is standardly marked by the Renaissance period. This a period in history between the 14th and 17th centuries marked by a re-awakening of sorts by Western Civilization, a movement from the feudalistic organization of Europe into the humanistic culture that balanced a revival of ancient scholarly pursuit with a more secular view of life and new focus on surpassing mankind’s intellectual and physical limits. The transition was prolonged when it experienced pushback by those in power across the rest of Europe and the Papacy. As stated, this period is usually accepted as spanning a few centuries; most would consider this a gradual break due to the narrow vision scope of man as he defaults to seeing his lifespan as an incremental time gauge. History though, sees the average lifespan of a man as a blink of an eye; a few hundred years is a relatively short amount of time. Knowing...

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The Dark Ages
Ancient Rome was the most feared, wealthiest, well designed empire of its era. Many people felt like Rome was everlasting and it could withstand any threat posed against Rome, but then the unthinkable happened. The mighty Roman Empire had fallen. Possibly the biggest threat to Rome was Rome itself. With Rome falling, this led to the Dark Ages, which influence has been imperative to the advancement of modern day society. Without the fall of Rome, medieval way of life would have prolonged which would have delayed the advancement in technology, science, literacy, culture, art and governmental advancements, but many of its values still live in society today. One of the most important lessons the fall of Rome taught us, was that even the biggest most feared empires aren’t indestructible. The Dark Ages and Renaissance era rebuilding process was significant to the development of future civilizations.
The Roman Empire was known for its extensive political system and strong military base. Augustus Caesar, the first Roman emperor, laid the building blocks of Ancient Rome with a strong political base and a fearsome military power which lead to Ancient Rome’s great success. Augustus Caesar was also able to reform Roman laws, build a defense to withstand enemy invasion, astonishing revenue reform, building the Ara Pacis, and he is also credited to building Rome’s first Pantheon. Although Augustus had such strong...