Greek influences

Ptolemy

Ptolemic model, This model in summary said that
the earth was in the center and
other objects orbit it -a
geocentric model

Improvements or alternatives, Muslim schools of thoughts
revolted against the Ptolemic
model, came up with the idea of a HELIOCENTRIC
MODEL meaning the sun being in the
center and the planets revolving around it.

Aristotle

Hipparchus

developed
TRIGONOMETRY to
calculate and
solved many
problems of
spherical trig., he used trigonometry to form
accurate models of the sun and
moon's motions, DISCOVERED PRECESSION, predicted eclipses
and possibly invented
the astrolabe., Possibly developed astrolabe

Lived in the desert

Therefore no particular landmarks and
the Muslims needed to navigate. But
why?

Religious purposes, Qibla-They needed to pray
towards Mecca where the Kaba
is, Salah-They must pray five
times a day and certain times a
day, Although they had sundials and
waterclocks they wanted something more
accurate

Muslims are eclectic

Muslims preserved Greek
Manuscripts

The mistake of Ptolemic model, The model according to Averreos
was against nature it was just not
right., After trial and error and many schools
revolting (revolutionizing) the idea of the
Ptolemic model by improving it or finding
alternatives to it., Concluded and suggested
a HELIOCENTRIC MODEL, Meaning the sun was in the center and
the earth as well as other planets orbited
the sun., later on in 1543 Copernican took credit for
this work the idea of the sun being in the
center

Observational influence of Aristotle, The Muslims observed the stars and many
astronomers were the first observers of the
Magallenic Cloud and the Andromeda
Galaxy, Also with this idea of observing many other astronomers
like al-Sufi named 480 stars and published the book of
Book of Fixed Stars using Ptolemy's book of stars and
al-Sufi correcting the book of Ptolemy.

The Astronomical and
Mathematical Tools from
Hipparchus, Obviously they used the astrolabe
and the spherical astrolabe as well
in improving it, With this the Muslims answered their
questions and with the astrolabe they were
able to use it for many uses., al-Sufi found a thousand
uses for the astrolabe., The main uses are for:, Timekeeping, Able to tell what it is and
predict time, Navigating, Tells you what position the sun
and moon are as well as the
stars, Surveying, Qibla, Helped point out the
direction of Mecca, Salah, The Five Prayers helped tell
what it is and what it will be, Astrology, Horoscopes, Geography, They used Trig. Tables,
Geometry, Algebra., (extra fact) used sine and
tangent formulas

Extra acheivemants

One astronomer helped answer
a question of a Greek
astronomer

Took the idea that the tilt of
the earth causes seasons, But the Greek astronomer didn't
know what degree of the tilt was, The Muslim astronomer then used the highest elevation of
the sun and the lowest elevation of the sun in midwinter.
Take the degree between the two elevations and divide it
by two. The answer was =23 degress