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Advanced search is divided into two main parts, and one or more groups in each of the main parts. The main parts are the "Search for" (including) and the "Remove from search" (excluding) part. (The excluding part might not be visible until you hit "NOT" for the first time.) You can add new groups to both the including and the excluding part by using the buttons "OR" or "NOT" respectively, and you can add more search options to all groups through the drop down menu on the last row (in each group).

For a result to be included in the search result, is it required to fit all added including parameters (in at least one group) and not fit all parameters in one of the excluding groups. This system with the two main parts and their groups makes it possible to combine two (or more) distinct searches into one search result, while being flexible in removing results from the final list.

There are a lot of reasons reported for why organisations start a sourcing decision. This paper discusses this theme based on two questions: Does the need and/or wish to increase e-Government services influence the start of a sourcing decision process aiming at reorganising hosting of software applications and if it does, how does it influence the start of such a decision-making process? The point of departure, besides a literature review, is a sourcing decision-making process in a Swedish municipality. When analysing the sourcing decision, five suggested propositions developed from the factors: control, core competence, capability, cost, and strategy, are used. It is concluded that municipalities in Sweden has to prepare for being more of an e-Government organisation, which means that more of the services the mu-nicipalities- employees has done before citizens will do by themselves. This demands that to be able to offer future e-Government services municipalities need to have control over soft-ware applications. From this study it is suggested that centralisation of hosting can be seen as decentralisation of work tasks from an e-Government perspective.

9.

Braf, Ewa

Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

The paper explores the notion of ‘organisational capability’. We argue that an organisation’s competitiveness does not only depend on knowledge; communication and technology are other important features. Thus, when developing the organisational capability it is not enough to only focus on knowledge and its management. We also need to encompass improvement of communication and artefact functionality. These parts of the capability – knowledge, communication, and technology – should not be handled separately but as mutually dependent, as expansion of one part often affect the other two.

This paper analyses the character of usability criteria found in lists, which are used for interface design and evaluation. In order to understand usability criteria and relations between different criteria, a categorization of six usability criteria lists has been performed. The analysis has shown that the formulations of criteria reside on different abstraction levels. The results consist of two knowledge contribution. The first contribution is a hierarchical categorization model. The role of this multilevel abstraction hierarchy is to support practical problem solving processes by enabling and supporting the explicit articulation of criteria for a given context. The second contribution is a categorization of usability criteria. The aim of this categorization is to support the understanding of how different usability criteria relate (e.g. overlap or complement) to each other and highlight possible gaps.

The aim of this paper is to contribute to the decision of how to perform evaluation depending on the evaluation context. Three general strategies of how to perform evaluation together with two general strategies of what to evaluate are identified. From the three "how-strategies" and the two "what-strategies" we derive a matrix consisting of six generic types of evalua-tion. Each one of the six types are categorised on a ideal typical level.

24.

Cronholm, Stefan

et al.

Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.

Goldkuhl, Göran

Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.

Interaction between Information technology and business process has initiated the development of Language action perspective (LAP). The general Idea is to get a business model of how people, through conversion, coordinate their work. Action Workflows and DEMO are general business modeling methods based on Language - action perspective (LAP), can be used for modeling coordination within one organization (intraorganizational coordination). Each phase of action workflow loop consists of communicative action workflow loop consists of communicative actions and not only information transfer. The passage of a business transaction continuously changes the business relation between the business parties, interactions create obligations, authorizations, fulfillment's of obligations and business interAction and Transaction (BAT) model helps to direct attention to these issues.

The paper addresses the problems of scientific conceptualisation in order to avoid diffuse abstractedness. It proposes the use of an ontology consisting of the following categories: 1) humans, 2) human inner worlds which consist of 2a) intrasubjective parts and 2b) intersubjective parts (shared knowledge and social institutions), 3) human actions, 4) symbolic objects (signs), 5) artefacts (artificially made material objects) and 6) natural environment. This approach also includes a reflective way of using language. Words and corresponding language games are investigated in order to clarify the scientific concepts.

28.

Goldkuhl, Göran

Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context.

The paper examines one of the corner-stones of the language/action (LAP) approaches: communication loop modelling. This kind of modelling is used in approaches like Action Workflow and DEMO and it includes the modelling of two fundamental roles; customer and performer. The paper extends earlier critical analysis of two-role models. It introduces the principle of multi-responsiveness, meaning that one organisational action can be a response to several different communication acts. The difference between a present triggering initiative and trans-situational background initiatives are described. The paper uses a reference case, the pizza shop case, well-known in the LAP community through earlier use in many papers.

29.

Goldkuhl, Göran

Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context.

Communication modelling approaches within the Language Action Perspective (LAP) are based on two important theoretical cornerstones: 1) considering language use as action and 2) organisation of communication in accordance with pre-defined patterns. The basis for the first cornerstone can be found in speech act theory, but the basis for other must be searched for elsewhere. The paper investigates the origin for many LAP approaches, the Conversation-for-action schema of Winograd & Flores. It tries to detect an influence from the sociological approach of conversational analysis. Could conversational analysis be a basis for the study of communicative patterns within LAP? A discussion is pursued concerning differences between and possibilities to combine speech act theory and conversational analysis within LAP. This discussion, which is supported by the use of a simple example of business interaction, concludes with a contestation - in a spirit of conversational analysis - of a too heavy use of pre-defined patterns incommunication modelling.

31.

Goldkuhl, Göran

Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context.

A need for pragmatic conceptualisation and theorizing in the information systems field is acknowledged. Instead of -importing- completed action theories from reference disciplines an alternative approach is preferred. In order to arrive at seamless theorizing in IS, a theoretical synthesis of different action aspects is developed well adapted to the IS field. The theoretical roots and some essentials of this adapted theoretical synthesis - socio-instrumental pragmatism - are described in the paper.

35.

Goldkuhl, Göran

Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context.

Development and usage of information systems (IS) involve communication. There is a need for theories and frameworks on communication for IS research studies. This paper presents a socio-pragmatic framework on communication intended to be used for different kinds of IS research; e.g. for human communication during IS development and for usage of IS. The framework builds upon the principle of communicative multi-functionality and it consists of nine communication functions: Messages should at the same time be trans-situationally compliant, situationally responsive, expressive, referential, accountable, directed, relational, projected and mediational. The theoretical grounds of the framework are briefly described. The paper includes examples of using the framework on some IT-mediated messages.

37.

Goldkuhl, Göran

Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context.

This is an introduction to the panel -Workpractice Theory as Foundation for IS Research- on the ALOIS*2005 conference. It is also a position statement concerning workpractice theory. It describes the needs for a workpractice theory in information systems research. It describes briefly also the workpractice theory developed by Goldkuhl & Röstlinger. This is an example of a workpractice theory to be used in information systems research.

40.

Goldkuhl, Göran

et al.

Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.

Braf, Ewa

Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, The Institute of Technology.

During recent years there has been an upsurge of interest in knowledge management and organisational learning. But why focus on a subject that, at some level, has been around since the pre-Socratic philosophers? The answer to the question is manifold. One explanation is that knowledge and improvement of knowledge is considered to be crucial for the performance and development of organisations. It is also argued that in our contemporary society knowledge is an important asset in order to reach sustainable competitive advantage (see for example Drucker, 1993; Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995; Quintas, Lefrere and Jones, 1997; Davenport and Prusak, 1998). One question of concern is what are the implications of seeing knowledge as an organisational asset? When comparing intangible assets, such as knowledge, with tangible assets, such as machines or land, they can hardly be treated as having the same properties. Another question is: how should we relate knowledge to the organisation’s total ability to perform actions and deliver value to its customers? Is knowledge the only constituent of organisational ability or are there other inherent parts? The purpose of this chapter is to investigate these questions and thereby develop the notion of organisational ability In order to do this the chapter begins by looking at some theories around the area of interest.

The issue of the paper is how to characterize public e-services mediated through the web. One common kind of characterization is made through stage models (e-ladders). Such models are frequently used for pol-icy-planning, evaluation and bench-marking of public e-services. E-ladder models have been criticized and as an alternative the e-diamond model has been formulated, which consists of twelve categories in three polarities (in-formative vs performative; general vs individualized; separate vs coordi-nated). The differences between e-ladder and e-diamond models are de-scribed in the paper. Empirical investigations of some public e-services based on the e-diamond model are pursued. A theoretical analysis of the e-diamond model based on the language-action perspective is performed. This follows the view that public e-services are seen as government – citizen communication. The empirical and theoretical investigations give further support to the e-diamond model.

47.

Goldkuhl, Göran

et al.

Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

Persson, Anders

Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context. Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences.

There is rapid growth in the development and launching of new public e-services to citizens. In doing this, government agencies base their work on national and international programs for e-government development. Many such programs include a stage model for public e-services. Many such models comprise stages of 1) information, 2) interaction, 3) transaction and 4) interaction. The wide spread use of such stage models (e-ladders) give rise to several questions. Are the categories of a stage model well chosen? Do e-services evolve through such a series of stages? Is there a real advancement between the different stages? Should one always strive for higher stages? Are higher stages inherently better than lower stages? Is a stage model a proper yardstick for evaluation and benchmarking? The paper pursues a critical examination of such stage models (called e-ladder). A conceptual analysis of stage models is performed based on a socio-pragmatic foundation. Empirical examples are given that show weaknesses in the assumptions and conceptualisations of stage models. An alternative model -the e-diamond - is presented consisting of three polarities (informative vs performative; standardized vs individualized; separate vs coordinated).

48.

Goldkuhl, Göran

et al.

Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context.

Röstlinger, Annie

Linköping University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences. Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, VITS - Development of Informations Systems and Work Context.