robots.net blog for Chuck McM.http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./
robots.net blog for Chuck McM.en-usmod_virguleFri, 27 Oct 2017 20:34:15 GMTFri, 12 Sep 2003 18:56:36 GMT12 Sep 2003http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=7
http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=7Sometimes life sucks.
<p> So a friend of mine was hosting my web server in his
garage because he had a T1 for business reasons. I and a
couple of friends were sharing some of that bandwidth.
Then one Sunday morning something in the garage caught
fire and the whole garage, web servers and all, were
totalled. (And I mean <i>melted</i> kind of totaled!)
<p> Well I've been a number of hours re-constructing my web
site, putting together another machine, and arguing with
SBCGlobal about DSL service (not T-1 but its better than
dialup!) So what does this have to do with robots? Exactly
this:
<p> I want a robot I can put near my machine that "watches"
for fire and then sprays halon (or non-CFC equivalent) at
the fire and screams at the top of its little sonalert
lungs. This is because the probable cause of the fire was
one of those ubiquitous "wall wart" things catching on
fire. I've got a ton of those in my lab at home and I
don't want to suffer the same fate as my buddies garage.
<p> Why a robot? Because it has to be portable, and I'd like
it to be able to move back and forth across a constrained
area looking for "problems." If it had a web cam and could
send pictures when it was alerting that would be good too.
I don't want to retrofit my house with sprinklers and I
surely don't want to rain on my lab (although that is
preferable to melting!)
<p> Other than that my robotics activities have been focussed
on some interesting balancing stuff (a balancing robot
really draws a crowd where ever it goes) and more casting
work. Sun, 27 Oct 2002 05:26:48 GMT27 Oct 2002http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=6
http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=6Sigh, I feel like I'm getting old. I just found out that
the LM567 has been end-of-lifed by National some time ago.
Others still carry it but next thing you know the 555 and
301 op amps will be just so many memories.
<p> My latest effort has been the <a href="Http://www.mcmanis.com/chuck/robotics/projects/ServoG
izmo/" >Servo Gizmo</a> which is a PIC based board for
implementing action at a distance. It started life as a
means to control the pneumatics on two of our team's
BattleBots, but has since evolved into something much more
useful than that.
Fri, 30 Aug 2002 07:43:02 GMT30 Aug 2002http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=5
http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=5Ok, I went and did it. I created a logo for robotics. Not
just any logo, the one I've been working on in my head for
8 years. Check it out at <a href="http://www.mcmanis.com/chuck/robotics/" >my
notebook</a>. You can click on it (top right on the page)
for the story and a higher rez version. Now to get a stitch
tape made...Fri, 9 Aug 2002 02:20:35 GMT9 Aug 2002http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=4
http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=4So here is something fun. Making your own small plastic
parts without a machine shop. There is a company named
Alumilite (www.alumilite.com)that sells a plastic casting
kit.
<p> I've been using it to make wheels that have an integrated
Servo horn for use on servo based robots.
<p> Check it out at:
<a href="http://www.mcmanis.com/chuck/robotics/projects/casting
/" >www.mcmanis.com/chuck/robotics/projects/casting/</a>
Mon, 22 Jul 2002 00:41:39 GMT22 Jul 2002http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=3
http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=3Whew. Haven't done an entry for a while so figured I'd
update here and the web site later. BattleBots 6.0 has come
and gone, and my new speed controller aquitted itself
nicely altough there was one casualty. However, unlike
previous events KillerB was moving the entire match.
<p> I have learned a remarkable amount about higher power
switching than I thought I ever would. This is what makes
robots so fun, you can go as deep as you'd like in any of
mechanics, software, or electronics and just keep going
deeper and deeper and deeper.
<p> Things I learned about first hand were ripple current and
source impedences.
<p> Ripple current is that A/C current component that a
capacitor across a PWM switching circuit "sees" when the
PWM circuit is operating. An engineer from Agilent started
me down the right path (he designs servo controllers) and
it opened an interesting door for me.
<p> When you're running PWM you expect that the inductance of
the motor and its coil resistance will create a low pass
filter such that the motor "sees" a voltage that is
proportionally smaller than the full switching voltage.
That's pretty basic, but the A/C voltage is there too and
its amplitude is proportional to the width of the pulse as
well, except that it peaks at 50% duty cycle and goes down
if you are greater or less than 50%.
<p> Why that is, is related to the circuit configuration, but
the interesting bit is that this A/C voltage is generating
a current in your filter capacitors (the ones that are
trying to keep the motor surges from destroying your
switching elements) and that current can be substantial
when you are flinging 100 - 200 amps around. So substantial
that the first time we fired up the speed controller on the
robot the 10uF capacitors on the speed controllers exploded!
<p> After replacing them with higher voltage rated capacitors
(I hadn't clued in yet) they exploded again. Then I
switched to a higher value capacitor (100uF @ 63V) and the
steel leads vaporized! [The capacitor actually survived]
Finally in desparation at 3AM of the day of our first fight
I swapped in some 10,000 uF capacitors that I had from Digi-
key. These were configured as "RCD" (Resistor-Cap-Diode)
snubbers. I had some 5 ohm 5 watt resistors for the
resistors. On the initial tests it worked great! But the
resistor was getting so hot it was bubbling. Never a good
sign! So on my second snubber I used a 10 ohm 10 watt
resistor (big mistake!). At the end of our match on
Saturday one controller was dead, the other was fine (yes
we had tested it but nothing stresses things like the
battlebox). The difference? One resistor.
<p> The resistor is there to "burn off" the surge and convert
it into heat. However if it doesn't burn it off fast enough
(ie with a low enough resistance) then when the next surge
hits the previous one is still lingering in the capacitor.
Uh-oh, there goes your FETs if you're right at the edge as
I was in terms of margin. (40V FETs on a 24V controller) By
swapping the FETs for 55V ones (that gave more margin) and
with 4.7ohm 10 Watt snubber resistors. The world is a much
happier place! While I dislike learning this stuff under
duress, at least it will stay with me for a while! Tue, 16 Apr 2002 08:20:29 GMT16 Apr 2002http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=2
http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=2Progress and none too soon. Firmware development on the PIC
is fun and sometimes slow. Pictures are up at
<a href="http://www.mcmanis.com/chuck/robotics/projects/speed2c
.html" >my site</a> with pictures of the official speed
controller board.<p>
Some folks who have built OSMC boards have done some
testing and have run them at 160 amps. I hope they knew
what they were doing, because if they did then my board
should stay at nearly room temperature doing 200A. <p>
Sat, 30 Mar 2002 09:00:59 GMT30 Mar 2002http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=1
http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=1Another month. Wow.
<p> So how do you build a truly competition grade high current
speed controller? Answer: Carefully :-). I've got what I
believe is the final layout of my speed controller and its
off to the PCB house for a prototype run. Things that I've
learned are:
2 oz copper means holes get smaller.
4 layer boards have weird layout requirements
The strangest was theiving.
<p> Theiving is a technique where small squares of copper are
added to a layer (away from other features) to create a
better copper/substrate ratio so that plating is more even.
Strange! The PCB house guys added it for me so I didn't
have to worry about it but it was news to me.
<p> The second thing I've learned is that FETs are cheaper than
copper. My original design used 16 FETs (4 per leg) and
that meant dissipating 240 watts of heat when fully loaded.
Not impossible, but it was a challenge. So taking a cue
from Victor and others, I ran the thermal analysis with 32
FETs, dissipation drops to 60 watts. A
<strong>whole</strong> lot better. Now I need only a fan
and my water cooling system is surplus. (not that I looked
forward to having a radiator hose blow in my battlebot!)
<p> Building them up next Friday, and then its off to melt
steel (crowbars make a great dummy load for a 200Amp speed
controller :-)Fri, 15 Feb 2002 04:23:21 GMT15 Feb 2002http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=0
http://robots.net/person/Chuck McM./diary.html?start=0Whoa, this is a very cool site and I am extremely honored
to have be certified at Master status. Lately I've been
building a 200 amp speed controller for very large motors.
<p>
The current design is going to use two 16F628 PICs as the
basic control mechanism (servo code reception and PWM
generation). I could use a PIC16F87x but its actually
easier to do the multiprocessing thing. The guys at
Microchip really make it easy.
<p>
So projects on the way to this goal include:<br>
<a href="http://www.mcmanis.com/chuck/robotics/projects/pulse_m
easure.html" >Pulse Measurement</a> -- This uses the PIC's
input capture to measure pulses in the "servo" range.
<p>
And a project for generating the PWM. Now since the PIC
only has one bit of PWM my circuit has the PWM output pin
driving four AND gates whose other inputs are being fed by
four GPIO pins. The four GPIO pins hold the "command" for
the bridge and the PWM pin pulses it.