You will get general anesthesia before your surgery. This will make you sleep and keep you pain-free. The surgery can be performed laparoscopically or with open surgery.

Depending on what type of procedure you have, your surgeon will make one or more cuts in your belly.

With laparoscopic colectomy, the surgeon uses a tiny camera to see inside your belly and small instruments to remove part of your large bowel. You will have three to five small cuts in your lower belly. The surgeon passes the medical instruments through these cuts.

You may also have a cut of about 2 to 3 inches if your surgeon needs to put a hand inside your belly to feel or remove the diseased bowel.

During laparoscopy, your belly will be filled with gas to expand it. This makes the area easier to see and work in.

Your surgeon will remove the diseased part of your large bowel.

The surgeon will then sew the healthy ends of the bowel back together. This is called anastomosis.

Then the cuts on the skin will be closed with stitches.

For open colectomy, your surgeon will make a 6- to 8-inch cut in your lower belly.

The surgeon will find the part of your colon that is diseased.

The surgeon will put clamps on both ends of this part to close it off.

Then the surgeon will remove the diseased part.

If there is enough healthy large intestine left, your surgeon will sew or staple the healthy ends back together. Most patients have this done.

If you do not have enough healthy large intestine to reconnect, you may have a colostomy.

In most cases, the colostomy is short-term. It can be closed with another operation later. But, if a large part of your bowel is removed, the colostomy may be permanent.

Your surgeon may also look at lymph nodes and other organs, and may remove some of them.

Scar tissue that forms in the belly and causes a blockage of the intestines

The edges of your intestines that are sewn together come open (anastomotic leak -- this may be life-threatening)

Wound breaks open (dehiscence)

Wound infections

Before the Procedure:

Always tell your doctor or nurse what drugs you are taking, even drugs, supplements, or herbs you bought without a prescription.

Talk with your doctor or nurse about these things before you have surgery:

Intimacy and sexuality

Pregnancy

Sports

Work

During the 2 weeks before your surgery:

Two weeks before surgery you may be asked to stop taking drugs that make it harder for your blood to clot. These include aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), Naprosyn (Aleve, Naproxen), and others.

Ask your doctor which drugs you should still take on the day of your surgery.

If you smoke, try to stop. Ask your doctor for help.

Always let your doctor know about any cold, flu, fever, herpes breakout, or other illness you may have before your surgery.

Eat high fiber foods and drink 6 to 8 glasses of water every day.

The day before your surgery:

A few days before surgery, you will be given a bowel prep that includes drinking fluids and taking laxatives and enemas. This is done to make sure that the colon is free of any stool.

You may be asked to drink only clear liquids such as broth, clear juice, and water after noon.

Do not drink anything after midnight, including water. Sometimes you will not be able to drink anything for up to 12 hours before surgery.

On the day of your surgery:

Take the drugs your doctor told you to take with a small sip of water.

Your doctor or nurse will tell you when to arrive at the hospital.

After the Procedure:

You will be in the hospital for 3 to 7 days. You may have to stay longer if your colectomy was an emergency operation.

You may also need to stay longer if a large amount of your small intestine was removed or you develop any complications. By the second or third day, you will probably be able to drink clear liquids. Your doctor or nurse will slowly add thicker fluids and then soft foods as your bowel begins to work again.

Outlook (Prognosis):

Most people who have a large bowel resection recover fully. Even with a colostomy, most people are able to do most activities they were doing before their surgery. This includes most sports, travel, gardening, hiking, and other outdoor activities, and most types of work.

If you have a long-term (chronic) condition, such as cancer, Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis, you may need ongoing medical treatment.

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