Westerbork
(internment): 89,000 Jews and 500 Roma deported to concentration
and death camps in Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Poland.

Major Concentration and Labor Camps

Camp

Location

Jewish Deaths

Auschwitz I

Oswieçim,
Poland

1.6 million

Bergen-Belsen

Hanover, Germany

50,000

Buchenwald

Weimar, Germany

60,000 to 65,000

Dachau

Munich, Germany

35,000

Dora-Nordhausen

Harz Mountains,
Germany

8125

Mittelbau/Mittelwerk

20,000

Flossenbürg

Upper Palatine,
Bavaria

27,000

Gross-Rosen

Lower Silesia,
Germany

105,000

Janówska

Lvov, Ukraine

40,000

Jasenovac

Zagreb, Croatia

20,000

Kaiserwald

Riga, Latvia

10,000

Klooga

Tallinn, Estonia

2400

Mauthausen

Linz, Austria

120,000

Natzweiler-Struthof

Strasbourg,
France

17,000

Neuengamme

Hamburg, Germany

55,000

Ninth Fort

Kovno, Lithuania

10,000

Pawiak Prison

Warsaw, Poland

37,000

Plaszów

Kraków,
Poland

8000

Poniatowa

Lublin, Poland

15,000

Ravensbrück

Berlin, Germany

92,000

Sachsenhausen/Oranienburg

Berlin, Germany

105,000

Sajmiste/Semlin

Serbia

50,000

Sered

Slovakia

13,500 (deported
to Theresienstadt)

Stutthof

Poland

65,000 to 85,000

Theresienstadt

Prague, Czechoslovakia

33,430

Trawniki

Lublin, Poland

10,000

Major Jewish Ghettos

Ghetto

Country

Population

Amsterdam

Netherlands

100,000

Bedzin

Poland

27,000

Bialystok

Poland

35,000 to 50,000

Budapest

Hungary

70,000

Chernovtsy

Romania

50,000

Grodno

Poland

25,000

Kovno/Kaunas

Lithuania

40,000

Kraków

Poland

19,000

Lida

Belorussia

9000

Liepaja

Latvia

7400

Lódz

Poland

205,000

Lublin

Poland

34,000

Lvov

Ukraine

110,000

Minsk

Belorussia

100,000

Mir

Belorussia

2500

Novogrudok

Belorussia

6000

Radom

Poland

30,000

Riga

Latvia

43,000

Salonika

Greece

56,000

Shanghai*

China

10,000

Ternopol

Ukraine

12,500

Theresienstadt

Czechoslovakia

90,000

Vitebsk

Belorussia

16,000

Vilna

Lithuania

41,000

Warsaw

Poland

400,000 to 500,000

*The
ghetto was administered by the Japanese occupational government with
the assistance of the Jewish welfare organization.

Jews Killed During the Holocaust by Country

Country

Jews
Killed

Perc.
of Countrys Jews Killed

Albania



1

Austria

50,000

362

Belgium

25,000

603

Belorussia

245,000

65

Bohemia/Moravia

80,000

89

Bulgaria

11,400

144

Denmark

60

1.3

Estonia

1500

35

Finland

7

2.85

France

90,000

26

Germany

130,000

55

Great
Britain

130

6

Greece

65,000

807

Hungary

450,000

70

Italy

7500

208

Latvia

70,000

77

Lithuania

220,000

94

Luxembourg

1950

50

The
Netherlands

106,000

76

Norway

870

55

Poland

2,900,000

88

Russia

107,000

119

Romania

270,000

33

Slovakia

71,000

80

Spain





Sweden





Switzerland



10

Ukraine

900,000

60

Yugoslavia

60,000

8011

1Between
ten to 12 Jews were deported from Albania to Bergen-Belsen.

2When
the Nazis annexed Austria in March 1938, there were 185,000 Jews living
in the country. Thousands of Jews fled after the Anschluss
and subsequent Kristallnacht pogrom in November 1938.

3Only
10% of the victims were citizens of Belgium prior to the war.

4The
Jewish victims came exclusively from Thrace and Macedonia, territories
awarded to Bulgaria by Hitler.

5Out
of a Jewish population approaching 2000, a small number of Jewish
refugees were deported to labor camps in Estonia.

6From
1941 to 1945, the British interned 1500 Jews destined for Palestine
on Mauritius; 124 perished. In 1939, two Jews were killed by the British
Navy when their ship was sunk attempting to enter Palestine. At least
three Jews were deported to camps during the German occupation of
Britains Channel Islands.

7Includes
Corfu (1800), Rhodes (1540), and Salonika (42,000).

8Jews
were deported during the Nazi occupation of Italy, which began in
1943.

9This
estimate of Jewish victims is likely to increase, possibly by as much
as 250,000, as scholars examine documents made available after the
collapse of the former Soviet Union.

10The
Swiss policy of refoulement, enforced from 1938 until July
7, 1944, curtailed the flow of Jewish refugees into Switzerland. Although
approximately 30,000 Jews found refuge in or passed through Switzerland,
at least 10,000 Jews were turned away. Although trains destined for
concentration and death camps in the East were allowed to be routed
through Switzerland, its prewar Jewish population of 12,000 was not
turned over to the Nazis.

11Includes
Jews from Bosnia, Croatia, Rab, and Serbia. Most Jews in the Italian
Zone of Occupation were not deported or released to the Nazi or Ustasa.

Jewish Resistance

Area of Activity

Organization

Leadership

Algeria

José
Aboulker Family

José
Aboulker

Auschwitz-Birkenau

Resistance,
Sonderkommando revolt

Battle
Group Auschwitz, Jewish Sonderkommandos

Balkans and
Austria

Jewish Parachutists

Yishuv Jews

Bedzin Ghetto

underground

Jewish
Youth Groups

Bialystok Ghetto

Jewish
Anti-Fascist Bloc

Mordechai
Tenenbaum

France

Armée
Juivee

Abraham Polonski & Lucien
Lublin

France

Jewish
Scout Movement

Robert
Gamzon

Germany

Baum
Group

Herbert
& Marianne Baum

Italy

Jewish
Brigades

Yishuv
Jews

Kovno/Kaunas
Ghetto

Jewish
Fighting Organization

Young
Zionists and Anti-Fascist Struggle Organization

Kraków

Resistance

Zionist
Youth Movements & Jewish Fighting Organization

Lida Ghetto

Bielski
partisans

Bielski
Brothers

Lvov Ghetto

Resistance/underground

Tadek
Drotorski

Minsk Ghetto

partisan

Hersh
Smolar

Minsk Ghetto

partisan

Kazinets
a.k.a. Slavek

Mir Ghetto

underground
& revolt

Shmuel
Rufeisin

Novogrudok Ghetto

Bielski
partisans

Bielski
brothers

Riga Ghetto

underground

Secret
Cells

Sobibór
death camp

Resistance
& revolt

Aleksandr
Pechersky & Leon Feldhandler

Treblinka death
camp

Resistance
& revolt

Dr.
Julian Chorazycki, Marceli Galewski, & Zelo Bloch

Vilna Ghetto

partisans

Yehiel Scheinbaum

Vilna Ghetto

underground/United
Partisan Organization

Josef
Glazman & Yitzhak Wittenberg

Warsaw Ghetto

Jewish
Fighting Organization

Mordecai
Anielewicz, Zivia Lubetkin, Yitzhak Zuckerman

Warsaw Ghetto

Jewish
Military Union (Zionist Revisionists)

Pawel
Frenkiel

Jewish
Immigration to Palestine, 19331948

Year

Aliya

Aliya Bet*

1933

30,327

467 (817)+

1934

42,359

NA

1935

61,854

NA

1936

29,727

NA

1937

10,536

69

1938

14,675

3041 (3079)1

1939

31,195

13,350 (15,217)2

World
War II

1939



2899 (4029)

1940

10,643

5806 (8306)

1941

4592

800

1942

4206

0 (889)

1943

10,063

0 (0)3,
4

1944

15,552

3944 (4283)5,
6

1945

15,259



Postwar

1945



989 (989)

1946

18,760

1197 (21,673)7

1947

22,098

2520 (25,191)

1948

17,165

189 (21,509)

*Aliya:
legal immigration. Aliya bet: illegal immigration.

+The
first number of the last column is the actual number of Jews who landed
in Palestine. The number inside the parentheses represents the total
number of Jews who attempted to enter Palestine.

1Evian
Conference held from July 6 to 15, 1938.

2British
White Paper implemented and enforced from May 17, 1939, until May
14, 1948.

3Bermuda
Conference held in April 1943.

4Thousands
of Jews were deported by the British to Athlit and Cyprus.

5War
Refugee Board established on January 22, 1944.

6Thousands
of Jews were shipped to British internment camps, and some were deported
to Germany.

7Data
includes immigration up to May 14, 1948; some Jews were detained on
Cyprus until that date, when the state of Israel was established.