5. The Library of Congress loses more than $30 million, just when it needs money to acquire more shelf space for its collection. Other functions of the legislative branch take hits, too.

SpaceX DragonAP Photo/NASA

6.NASA loses roughly $900 million, meaning it will have less to spend on private contractors, like SpaceX, and other initiatives.

7. The U.S. prison system loses more than $330 million. And because the Bureau of Prisons can't do much to reduce its population, it's looking at workforce reductions. The Department of Justice says it's worried about inmate and staff safety.

8. The FDA loses more than $200 million. According to one estimate, the cuts will mean more than 2,000 fewer food-safety inspections this year.

9. The Smithsonian loses $40 million, which will mean shorter hours at some of its facilities. The Smithsonian will also freeze hiring and cut back on maintenance and construction.

10. Cuts at the TSA and FAA mean longer lines and longer waits at airports. Janet Napolitano, Homeland Security secretary, estimates that it may take travelers twice as long to clear security: