ORIGIN. Italo-Celt. dē, Ir. dí. In accented position
also dĕ. The latter possibly includes the particle dis-,
Lat. dis-. Compare especially the distinction made between
dí-chor a putting away and de-chor a disagreement,
a difference, diversity, and that between dí-taa stands apart
and de-buith difference of opinion, dissent. De- from dis-
possibly also in dedail. De- was either developed before
broad consonants or possibly like Gk. δία it goes back to
dis-a (modelled on μητά, κατά = Ir. ceta-). As dĕ- in the
great majority of cases has the same functions as dí-, this
explanation presupposes a blending of dē and dis in Irish.
The original sense of dis- seems preserved only in nominal
cpds. in Irish (de-chor, de-buith, de-dail).

vIWith intransitive verbs of motion, denoting departure,
separation or movingaway from a place or object indicated
by the subst., pron., &c., governed by di. Lat. cedere,
decedere, discedere, migrare de. Often with verbs containing di- or ass- (as in Lat.).

XXXVI GENETIVUS GENERIS: after a collective, quantitative or numeral word, di indicates the constituent units
or substance. Competing with the genitive and sometimes
not distinguishable from the gen. materiae (XXIX above)
and partitivus.

XLV DI OF CAUSE, REASON OR MOTIVE—This sense
was developed partly from the sense of `means' and partly
from that of starting-point or origin (XXII above). Cf. such
a phrase as: is de tháinic a thiugbás originated fromi.e.was caused byAcall. 2584
.

XLVII DI IN THE SENSE OF GEN. or ABL. QUALIT.:
in
corp do rogili ┐ in folt do roáilli ┐ in agaid do chumtachta
┐ in tṡúil do roglaissi,
ZCP iv 40. 13
sq. issiat ubla is millsi
amuigh do chubra innsi Áduim of the fragrance of Adam's
IsleÉriu iv 114. 4
.

d'áis with the consent of, of free will: go mbendaís an
tiarla as d'áis no d'éiccen until they should rescue the Earl
by consent or violenceAFM vi 2172. 25
. tré chloinn Eogain
'sní dá nais but not with their consent R.I.A. 23 G 24 p. 250
.

di breith, do b. according to the judgment: do b. rechta
PH 2810
.
do b. a anmcharat,
ib. 7615
. See breth.

cadéin, céin, etc.adj. and pron.; fad— (later
fod—, bad—, bod—, bud—) is taken by
Pedersen Vgl. Gr.(i 271
,
ii 153
)
to be an element of the verb to be. For cad— see below.
The stress falls on the second syllable in the forms beginning
with fad— (fod—, bod— etc.), cad—; in fan—, can— the position
of the stress is undetermined. In feis— it falls on the first
syllable.

The following forms are found in the Glosses. The absence
of the mark of length may be accidental in some cases.
The following rimes have been noted:
fadessin: sessir
ZCP iii 43 § 11
.
fodessin: dessid (perf. of saidid)
SR 1388
.
fessin (with masc. poss.):
—dessid,
Metr. Dinds. ii 4.38
.
féssin (fem.) :
dēiscin,
SR 2138
.

There is no certain instance in the Glosses of 1s. fade(i)s(s)in.
In
Ml. 66d13
the edd. of Thes. say that `fadesin'
seems meant for `mea', but it is more likely that it belongs
to `exercitui.' Cf.iudicio .i. fadesin,
51b16
. In later
documents we have noted:
ni fliuchaim fadesin ...,
TBC-LL¹
1307
.
missi fodessin,
1005
.
corbom gaeth fodeissin,
BDD 15
.
See also II (f) below.

The forms fadisin (3s.f. and 2pl.) and fanisin (1pl.)
are early lost; fadéin (fo—, ba—, bo—, bu—), fadesin and
fes(s)in or fesne continue in use throughout Mid. Ir., but
lose their specific characters, being employed indifferently
in all persons and both numbers and genders. In
Auraic.
650
the form faden is given for sing., fadesin for pl., in
combination with a pers. pron.: me faden, etc., sinni
fadesin, etc. During the Mid.-Ir. period féin comes more
and more into use in all persons, genders and numbers and
finally survives alone in the mod. language. In PH fadéin
(—dén, fodéin, —dén) occurs 37 times and fadessin (fo—)
14 times, besides corresponding forms in bo—, bu—; fes(s)in
37 times; while féin (fén) is very frequent. LB favours
the spelling fén instead of the more usual féin (LU, LL);
dom péin
occurs
LB 134b30
. Other Mid. Ir. forms are
fodéne (bo—, ba—, bu—) and féine.

II As emphasizing pron. or adj. (my, thy, etc.) —self.
The exx. below are arranged in each section under persons
(1s., 2s. etc.) and under each person instances of the longer
forms are given first. For A, B see above under I.

(f) Following a subst. preceded by poss. pron. (exx. are
arranged according to person and number of pron., but the
adj. occasionally seems rather to agree with the noun, e.g.Wb. 33c5
(a doenacht fesine), and at least for some of the
forms this may be the original usage. See Pedersen,
Asp. i Irsk 93z
).

The forms cadéin, cade(i)s(s)in, césin, céin, etc., are
explained by
Pedersen Vgl. Gr. (ii 153
) as containing cia or cid with
pron. and demons. They disappear early. In tabulating
the forms according to usage the arrangement of the f—
forms above is followed. The rendering even, also suits
several of the exx.