Save the ADI Site Party

The Save the ADI Site Party was a minor Australian political party that was registered with the AEC on 4 October 2001.[1] The party fielded several candidates in both the 2001 and the 2004 federal elections. Its main platform was the protection of bushland in western Sydney owned by Australian Defence Industries (well known locally as the ADI site). It directed preferences to the Australian Greens, but to the Liberal Party ahead of the Labor Party, owing to the significant part a number of Penrith City Labor councillors had played in the proposed development. The party was voluntarily deregistered on 26 August 2005.[1]

1.
Politics of Australia
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The politics of Australia takes place within the framework of a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy. Australia largely operates as a two-party system in which voting is compulsory, the Parliament of Australia, also known as the Commonwealth Parliament or Federal Parliament, is the legislative branch of the government of Australia. It is bicameral, and has influenced both by the Westminster system and United States federalism. Under Section 1 of the Constitution of Australia, Parliament consists of three components, the Monarch, the Senate, and the House of Representatives, the Australian Parliament is the worlds sixth oldest continuous democracy. Voting within each electorate utilises the instant-runoff system of preferential voting, the party or coalition of parties which commands the confidence of a majority of members of the House of Representatives forms government. The Australian Senate has 76 members, the six states return twelve senators each, and the two mainland territories return two senators each, elected through the single transferable voting system. Senators are elected for flexible terms not exceeding six years, with half of the senators contesting at each federal election, as such, the Senate has the power to bring down the government, as occurred during the 1975 Australian constitutional crisis. Such deadlocks are resolved under section 57 of the Constitution, under a procedure called a double dissolution election. Such elections are rare, not because the conditions for holding them are seldom met, of the six double dissolution elections that have been held since federation, half have resulted in the fall of a government. The most recent double dissolution election was in July 2016, with the government holding a slim majority, arguably, the trigger bills did not have much prominence throughout the campaign. The role of head of state in Australia is divided between two people, the monarch of Australia and the Governor-General of Australia. The functions and roles of the Governor-General include appointing ambassadors, ministers, the Governor-General is the President of the Federal Executive Council and Commander-in-Chief of the Australian Defence Force. These posts are held under the authority of the Australian Constitution, in practice, barring exceptional circumstances, the Governor-General exercises these powers only on the advice of the Prime-Minister. As such, the role of Governor-General is often described as a ceremonial position. The Prime Minister of Australia is Malcolm Turnbull, leader of the Cabinet and head of government, the office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful political office in Australia. Despite being at the apex of executive government in the country, barring exceptional circumstances, the prime minister is always the leader of the political party or coalition with majority support in the House of Representatives. The only case where a senator was appointed minister was that of John Gorton. The Cabinet of Australia is the council of ministers responsible to Parliament

2.
Elections in Australia
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Elections in Australia take place periodically to elect the legislature of the Commonwealth of Australia, as well as for each Australian state and territory. Elections in all jurisdictions follow similar principles, though there are variations between them. Part IV of Chapter 1 of the Australian Constitution briefly deals with eligibility for voting and it does not prescribe how elections should be conducted. Election campaigns and associated political advertisements have some regulation, Public funding of political parties and party registration was introduced in 1983. Voting is almost entirely conducted by paper ballot and is compulsory for adults, the informal vote is not usually significant, but a donkey vote is more common. They may, however, have an impact in marginal seats. The Parliament of Australia consists of two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House of Representatives has 150 members, elected for a maximum term of three years in single-member constituencies. Elections are conducted by a system of preferential voting, electors in the two territories elect senators for non-fixed terms that are defined by the term of the House of Representatives. State senators serve fixed terms, except in the case of a double dissolution. In the event of a dissolution, the terms of all the members of the Senate. Although elections for the House of Representatives have usually corresponded to half-elections of the Senate, under the Constitution, the House of Representatives lasts no more than three years after it first meets, but may be dissolved earlier. After the House is dissolved or expires, writs for election must be issued within 10 days, the next House must meet within 140 days of the writs being issued. The terms of representing the states are of fixed duration. The terms of representing the territories are not fixed, and are tied to the dates of elections for the House of Representatives. Where a House is dissolved early, House and Senate elections may be asynchronous until either the House is again dissolved sufficiently early or a double dissolution occurs. The Australian Constitution requires that in half-Senate elections the election of State senators must take place one year before the places become vacant. As the terms of half the senators end on 30 June, there is no constitutional requirement for simultaneous elections for the Senate and the House of Representatives, and elections for half the Senate only have taken place in the past. There is a government and electorate preference for Senate elections to take place simultaneously with those of the House of Representatives

3.
Australian Greens
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The Australian Greens is an Australian green political party. The party was formed in 1992 and is today a confederation of eight state, in addition to environmentalism the party cites four core values, ecological sustainability, social justice, grassroots democracy and peace and non-violence. Co-ordination between environmentalist groups occurred in the 1980s with various significant protests, the Australian Greens are part of the global green politics movement. The charter of the Australian Greens identifies the following as the four pillars of the policy, social justice, sustainability, grassroots democracy. Major policy initiatives of recent years have also included reform, review of the American alliance. The Greens oppose the importation of animals for zoos in Australia and they also seek to ban and phase out respectively the display of wild or domesticated animals in circuses in Australia. The party also opposes the opening of new mines, and has campaigned against the Adani coal mine. The party calls for the out, closure, and rehabilitation of currently operating coal mines. The party is opposed to coal-seam gas mining and regularly participate and have even organised community demonstrations against the practice. The Greens are strongly in favour of expanding public transport, the Greens support the construction of the national broadband network, as initially invisioned by the Rudd Government, which would increase fibre optic home connections. Abolition of the World Trade Organisation, International Monetary Fund and World Bank unless they can be democratised, ending Australias Defence Treaty with the United States unless it can be changed to operate within the Greens view on Australias national interest. In 1991, opposition to the Gulf War, and in 2003, the Iraq War, support for independence movements around the world, including in Palestine, Tibet and West Papua In 1999, support for armed intervention in East Timor. Support for human rights in such as China and Myanmar. Support for the 2011 military intervention in Libya, the Greens are in support of voluntary euthanasia for those who are terminally ill. The Greens also support same-sex marriage, and often use the slogan every vote, the party also supports reproductive rights and expanding abortion services and making access to them easier. Estate duties were removed from the Australian Greens policy platform in November 2012,1998 federal election, opposition to the introduction of a Goods & Services Tax. Support the abolition of the 30% private health care rebate, so as to increase funding for health care. The Greens favour establishing a migrant program that prioritises family reunion, review relationship between the exclusive ownership of property and exclusive use of its resources

4.
Liberal Party of Australia
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The Liberal Party of Australia is a major political party in Australia. Founded in 1945 to replace the United Australia Party, the Liberal Party is one of the two parties in Australian politics, along with the Australian Labor Party. Except for a few periods, the Liberal Party and its predecessors have operated in similar coalitions since the 1920s. Internationally, the Liberal Party is affiliated to the International Democrat Union, the partys leader is Malcolm Turnbull and its deputy leader is Julie Bishop. Now the Turnbull Government, the party had been elected at the 2013 federal election as the Abbott Government which took office on 18 September 2013. At state and territory level, the Liberal Party is in office in two states, Will Hodgman Premier of Tasmania since 2014 and Gladys Berejiklian Premier of New South Wales since 2017. The party is in opposition in the states of Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, the partys ideology has been referred to as liberal, conservative, liberal-conservative, and classically liberal. The Liberal Party tends to promote economic liberalism and cultural liberalism, two past leaders of the party, Sir Robert Menzies and John Howard, are Australias two longest-serving Prime Ministers. The Liberal Party has spent more time in government than any other federal Australian political party, the contemporary Liberal Party generally advocates economic liberalism. Historically, the party has supported a higher degree of protectionism and interventionism than it has in recent decades. However, from its foundation the party has identified itself as an anti-socialist grouping of liberals, strong opposition to socialism and communism in Australia and abroad was one of its founding principles. The partys founder and longest-serving leader Robert Menzies envisaged that Australias middle class would form its main constituency, in the 1970s a left-wing middle class emerged that no longer voted Liberal. In country areas they either compete with or have a truce with the Nationals, Menzies was an ardent constitutional monarchist, who supported the Monarchy in Australia and links to the Commonwealth of Nations. Today the party is divided on the question of republicanism, with some being republicans, the Menzies Government formalised Australias alliance with America in 1951, and the party has remained a strong supporter of the mutual defence treaty. Liberal leaders from Menzies to Malcolm Fraser generally maintained Australias high tariff levels, at that time the Liberals coalition partner, the Country Party, the older of the two in the coalition, had considerable influence over the governments economic policies. Socially, while liberty and freedom of form the basis of its beliefs. A West Australian Liberal, Ken Wyatt, became the first Indigenous Australian elected to the House of Representatives in 2010, the party has two factions, the conservative right and the moderate left. Both factions support the market and differ mainly over their level of social conservatism

5.
Australian Labor Party
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The Australian Labor Party is a political party in Australia. The party has been in opposition at federal level since the 2013 election, Bill Shorten has been the partys federal parliamentary leader since 13 October 2013. The party is a party with branches in each state. Labor is in government in the states of Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, the party competes against the Liberal/National Coalition for political office at the federal and state levels. Labors current National Platform describes the party as a social democratic party, the party of opportunity and security for working people. The ALP was not founded as a party until after the first sitting of the Australian Parliament in 1901. Nevertheless, it is regarded as descended from labour parties founded in the various Australian colonies by the labour movement in Australia. Labor is thus the countrys oldest political party, colonial labour parties contested seats from 1891, and federal seats following Federation at the 1901 federal election. Labor was the first party in Australia to win a majority in either house of the Australian Parliament, internationally, the ALP is a member of the Progressive Alliance network of social-democratic parties, having previously been a member of the Socialist International. The Australian Labor Party has its origins in the Labour parties founded in the 1890s in the Australian colonies prior to federation, Labor tradition ascribes the founding of Queensland Labour to a meeting of striking pastoral workers under a ghost gum tree in Barcaldine, Queensland in 1891. The Balmain, New South Wales branch of the party claims to be the oldest in Australia, Labour as a parliamentary party dates from 1891 in New South Wales and South Australia,1893 in Queensland, and later in the other colonies. The first election contested by Labour candidates was the 1891 New South Wales election, the major parties were the Protectionist and Free Trade parties and Labour held the balance of power. It offered parliamentary support in exchange for policy concessions, the United Labor Party of South Australia was founded in 1891, and three candidates were that year elected to the South Australian Legislative Council. The first successful South Australian House of Assembly candidate was John McPherson at the 1892 East Adelaide by-election, at the 1893 South Australian elections the ULP was immediately elevated to balance of power status with 10 of 54 lower house seats. The liberal government of Charles Kingston was formed with the support of the ULP, so successful, less than a decade later at the 1905 election, Thomas Price would form the worlds first stable Labor government. John Verran led Labor to form the states first of many majority governments at the 1910 election, in 1899, Anderson Dawson formed a minority Labour government in Queensland, the first in the world, which lasted one week while the conservatives regrouped after a split. The colonial Labour parties and the unions were mixed in their support for the Federation of Australia. They feared that federation would further entrench the power of the conservative forces, the first Labour leader and Prime Minister, Chris Watson, however, was a supporter of federation

6.
Penrith, New South Wales
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Penrith is a suburb and major centre in the metropolitan area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It is located in Greater Western Sydney 50 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district on the banks of the Nepean River, Penrith is the administrative seat of the local government area of the City of Penrith. It is also acknowledged on the register of the Geographical Names Board of New South Wales as one of four cities within the Sydney metropolitan area. Penrith was named after the town of Penrith in Cumbria, England, the name is of Cumbric origin, a Celtic language of northern Britain related to Welsh. Pen is Cumbric and Welsh for Head or Chief and the Cumbric Rid means Ford giving the name Chief Ford or Hill Ford, how it got the name is unclear. One theory is that in the days, development in Penrith was entirely on one road, like the English Penrith. The earliest known reference to the name Penrith dates back to 1819. Prior to the arrival of the Europeans, the Penrith area was home to the Mulgoa tribe of the Darug people. They lived in huts called gunyahs, hunted native animals such as kangaroos, fished in the Nepean River. They lived under a system of Law which had its origins in the Dreamtime. Most of the Mulgoa were killed by smallpox or galgala shortly after the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, early British explorers such as Watkin Tench described them as friendly, saying, they bade us adieu, in unabated friendship and good humour. Watkin Tench was the first British explorer to visit the area in 1789 and named the Nepean River after Lord Evan Nepean, under-secretary to the home department. Governor King began granting land in the area to settlers in 1804 with Captain Daniel Woodriffs 1,000 acres on the banks of the river the first land grant in the area. In 1814, William Cox constructed a road across the Blue Mountains which passed through Woodriffs land at Penrith, initial settlement in the area was unplanned but substantial enough for a courthouse to be established in 1817. The post office was established in 1828, the Anglican church, St Stephens, was opened and consecrated 16 July 1839 followed by the Catholic Church, St Nicholas of Myra, in 1850. In 1824, Sir John erected the colonys finest Georgian mansion, Regentville House, near Penrith, Sir John established an impressive agricultural estate at Regentville and became a Member of the New South Wales Legislative Council. His grave can be seen in St Stephens graveyard, Regentville House burned down in 1868 but most of its stonework was salvaged and used for building projects in and around Penrith. Another well-known early settler was Thomas Frost who arrived from Buckinghamshire in 1810 and his wife Sarah had been baptised by Samuel Marsden and her brother, Robert Rope, was reputed to be the first European born in Australia

7.
United Australia Party
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The United Australia Party was an Australian political party that was founded in 1931 and dissolved in 1945. It was the successor to the Nationalist Party of Australia and was succeeded by the Liberal Party of Australia as the main anti-Labor party. Joseph Lyons began his career as an Australian Labor Party politician. Lyons was elected to the Australian Federal Parliament in 1929 and served in Prime Minister James Scullins Labor Cabinet, Lyons became acting Treasurer in 1930 and helped negotiate the governments strategies for dealing with the Great Depression. While Health Minister Frank Anstey supported Premier of New South Wales Jack Langs bid to default on debt repayments, when Labor reinstated the more radical Ted Theodore as Treasurer in 1931, Lyons and Fenton resigned from Cabinet. The UAP was formed in 1931 by Labor dissidents and a coalition as a response to the more radical economic proposals of Labor Party members to deal with the Great Depression in Australia. In parliament on 13 March 1931, though still a member of the ALP, soon afterward, Lyons, Fenton and four other right-wing Labor MPs--Moses Gabb, Allan Guy, Charles McGrath and John Price—resigned from the ALP in protest of the Scullin governments economic policies. On 7 May, the Nationalist opposition, the six Labor dissidents, although the new party was dominated by former Nationalists, Lyons was chosen as the new partys leader, and thus became Leader of the Opposition. Former Nationalist leader John Latham became the UAPs deputy leader, claiming that the Scullin government was incapable of managing the economy, it offered traditional deflationary economic policies in response to Australias economic crisis. This was especially true of the party leader, Lyons and its slogan was All for Australia and the Empire. A further split, this time of left-wing NSW Labor MPs who supported the economic policies of NSW Premier Jack Lang. In November 1931, Lang Labor dissidents broke with the Scullin government and joined with the UAP opposition to pass a no-confidence motion, the UAP fought the election as part of the traditional non-Labor Coalition with the Country Party of Earle Page. However, the UAP came up four seats short of a majority in its own right. In 1934, the UAP lost six seats, forcing Lyons to take the Country Party into his government in a full-fledged Coalition. The Lyons government followed the economic policies it had promised in opposition. Lyons favoured the tough economic measures of the Premiers Plan, pursued an orthodox fiscal policy, a dramatic episode in Australian history followed Lyons first electoral victory when NSW Premier Jack Lang refused to pay interest on overseas State debts. The Lyons government stepped in and paid the debts and then passed the Financial Agreement Enforcement Act to recover the money it had paid, in an effort to frustrate this move, Lang ordered State departments to pay all receipts directly to the Treasury instead of into Government bank accounts. Australia entered the Depression with a crisis and a credit crisis

8.
Australian Democrats
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The Australian Democrats was a centrist political party in Australia with a social-liberal ideology. The party was formed in 1977, a merger of the Australia Party, though never achieving a seat in the House of Representatives, the party had considerable influence in the Senate for the following thirty years. Its representation in the Parliament of Australia ended on 30 June 2008, as of October 2012, the party had effectively disintegrated and control of what remained was contested by two factions associated with two former parliamentarians. The party was deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission on 16 April 2015 due to the failure to demonstrate requisite 500 members to maintain registration. The party was founded on principles of honesty, tolerance, compassion and direct democracy through postal ballots of all members, by which a carefully engineered elite could make decisions for the members. Dispute resolution procedures were established, with recourse to a party ombudsman. The Australian Democrats were the first representatives of politics at the federal level in Australia. They played a key role in the cause célèbre of the Franklin River Dam, the partys centrist role made it subject to criticism from both the right and left of the political spectrum. In particular, Chipps former conservative affiliation was frequently recalled by opponents on the left, however, at the 2004 and 2007 federal elections, all seven of its Senate seats were lost. The last remaining State parliamentarian, David Winderlich, left the party and was defeated as an independent in 2010, the Centre-Line Party was the provisional title of the Australian Democrats party. On that occasion, Chipp declined to commit himself but did so at a public meeting in Melbourne on 9 May 1977. The new party was renamed the Australian Democrats by a ballot of its membership. After the ballot, the suggestion of the Steering Committee, Australian Democrats, was overwhelmingly accepted, the name Australian Democrats was already in informal currency before this decision. The first Australian Democrats federal parliamentarian was Senator Janine Haines who filled Steele Halls casual Senate vacancy for South Australia in 1977, surprisingly, she was not a candidate when the party contested the 1977 federal elections after Don Chipp had agreed to be leader and figurehead. Members and candidates were not lacking in experience, since the Australia Party had been contesting all federal elections since 1969. The partys broad aim was to achieve a balance of power in one or more parliaments, at that time, with five Senate seats being contested in each state, the required quota was a daunting 16.66 per cent. However, the first 6-year-term seats were won by Don Chipp, a party in which dictatorship from the top was replaced by consensus. A party not ordered about by big business and the rich, a party where a man could retain freedom of conscience and not thereby be faced with expulsion

9.
Liberal Movement (Australia)
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The Liberal Movement was a South Australian political party in the 1970s. A year later, when tensions heightened between the LCLs conservative wing and the LM, it was established in its own right as a liberal party. When still part of the league, it had eleven state parliamentarians, on its own, it was reduced to three parliamentarians − Hall and Robin Millhouse in the lower house and Martin Cameron in the upper house. At the 1974 federal election Hall won a Senate seat and was replaced by David Boundy, in the 1974 federal election, it succeeded in having Hall elected to the Australian Senate with a primary vote of 10 per cent in South Australia. It built upon this in the 1975 state election, gaining almost a fifth of the total vote, however, the non-Labor parties narrowly failed to dislodge the incumbent Dunstan Labor government. That result, together with internal weaknesses, led in 1976 to the LMs being re-absorbed into the LCL, the non-Labor forces again failed at the 1977 state election but succeeded in winning government for one term at the 1979 state election. A segment of the LM, led by former state attorney-general Robin Millhouse, did not rejoin the Liberals, the LM and its successor parties gave voice to what is termed small-l liberalism in Australia. With the advent of Labor, these combined to form anti-Labor parties. As a train of thought, Australian liberalism has been rooted in any defined ideology and more in pragmatism. Liberalism in Australia represents the centre-right of the spectrum, while Labor represents the centre-left. The first Labor party in South Australia was the United Labor Party in 1891, in response, the National Defence League was born two years later. In 1909, the NDL combined with the Liberal and Democratic Union, the ULP morphed into the Australian Labor Party in 1910, and has been known by this name ever since. The establishment influenced the party with its backing, while the yeoman proprietary was the most numerous. Only in 1956 did the middle class achieve parliamentary representation through Robin Millhouse. Millhouse was an advocate of his broader constituency, championing their case in a party dominated by rural conservatives. The LCL had governed, primarily under the stead of Sir Thomas Playford, for 32 years, a year and a half later, when Playford retired, Steele Hall was elected to replace him. However, when the LCL was returned to office in 1968 under his leadership, with the help of malapportionment, Hall was under pressure. Labor had led the LCL52.0 to 43. 8% on primary votes, large protests against the Playmander broke out, and there were strong calls for reform

10.
Australian federal election, 2004
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Federal elections were held in Australia on 9 October 2004. All 150 seats in the House of Representatives and 40 seats in the 76-member Senate were up for election, independents, Peter Andren, Tony Windsor, Bob Katter The Nationals had candidates in 9 seats where three-cornered-contests existed, with 84. 70% of preferences favouring the Liberal Party. Labor won four seats from the Coalition, Adelaide, Hindmarsh, Parramatta, the Coalition thus had a net gain of four seats. Labor, meanwhile, received the new seat of Bonner and the redistributed Wakefield, the Labor Party regained the seat of Cunningham, which had been lost to the Greens in a by-election in 2002. *Con Sciacca was in fact the member for the seat of Bowman, martyn Evans was the member for the abolished seat of Bonython, he instead contested the seat of Wakefield. Julian McGauran later left the Nationals and joined the Liberals, the Coalition parties won 46. 7% of the primary vote, a gain of 3. 7% over the 2001 election. The opposition Australian Labor Party polled 37. 6%, a loss of 0.2 percentage points, the Australian Greens emerged as the most prominent minor party, polling 7. 2%, a gain of 2.2 points. Both the Australian Democrats and One Nation had their vote greatly reduced, after a notional distribution of preferences, the Australian Electoral Commission estimated that the Coalition had polled 52. 74% of the two-party-preferred vote, a gain of 1.7 points from 2001. The Liberal Party won 74 seats, the National Party 12 seats, the Coalition also won 39 seats in the 76-member Senate, making the Howard Government the first government to have a majority in the Senate since 1981. Even Howard had described that feat as a big ask, the results were a setback for the Labor leader, Mark Latham, and contributed to his resignation in January 2005 after assuming the leadership from Simon Crean in 2003. The defeat made Labors task more difficult, a pendulum for the House of Representatives. However, Kim Beazley said that the accession of Latham to the ALP leadership, Beazley stated that polling a year before the election indicated that the ALP would lose 25–30 seats in the House of Representatives. Instead the party lost a net four seats in the House, there was also a 1. 1-point swing to the ALP in the Senate. The Coalition gaining control of the Senate was enabled by a collapse in first preferences for the Australian Democrats, Liberal Senator John Tierney, who was dropped to number four on the Coalition Senate ticket, was also defeated. Celebrity candidates Peter Garrett and Malcolm Turnbull easily won their contests, prominent clergyman Fred Nile failed to win a Senate seat in New South Wales. The first Muslim candidate to be endorsed by a party in Australia, Ed Husic, failed to win the seat of Greenway, New South Wales. The former One Nation leader, Pauline Hanson, failed in her bid to win a Senate seat in Queensland as an independent, the Australian Democrats polled their lowest vote since their creation in 1977, and lost the three Senate seats they were defending. The Australian Greens won Senate seats in Western Australia and in Tasmania and they missed seats in Victoria, Queensland and South Australia, partly because of preference deals by other parties

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The Liberal Movement (LM) was a South Australian political party in the 1970s. Stemming from discontent within the …

Image: Hall LM

The rural conservatives, whose power was grounded in the Legislative Council (pictured), sought to retain their influence in both the party and the state through malapportionment in electoral districts and the LCL party organisation.

The House of Assembly (pictured) had seven LM members while still part of the LCL, reduced to two when it split from its parent.

Liberals blue, Labor red. Electoral districts for the 2006 election in metro Adelaide with 35 metro districts representing 1.1 million people, with 12 rural districts representing 0.4 million people. In the 1965 election, 13 metro districts represented 0.7 million people and 26 rural districts represented 0.4 million people. For other maps 1993 and onward, see Elections in South Australia.