WASHINGTON (CNS) – In this year’s election, voters went against nearly all of the ballot initiatives backed by Catholic leaders and advocates, except the referendums on minimum wage increases and gun control measures.

Voters passed an assisted-suicide measure in Colorado and voted in favor of the death penalty in three states and in favor of legalized recreational marijuana in four states and against it in one. They also voted for minimum wage increases and gun control measures in four states.

In Colorado, the only state with an initiative to legalize assisted suicide, voters passed the measure, making the state the sixth in the nation with a so-called “right-to-die law,” joining Washington, Oregon, California, Vermont and Montana.

Physician-Assisted Suicide

“The decision the voters of Colorado have made to legalize physician-assisted suicide via the passage of Proposition 106 is a great travesty of compassion and choice for the sick, the poor, the elderly and our most vulnerable residents,” said Jenny Kraska, executive director of the Colorado Catholic Conference.

“Killing, no matter what its motives, is never a private matter; it always impacts other people and has much wider implications,” she said in a Nov. 9 statement.

Kraska also said the state’s initiative will only “deepen divides along lines of race, ethnicity and income in our society and entrench us deeper into a culture that offers a false compassion by marginalizing the most vulnerable.”

The Death Penalty

The three death penalty referendums before voters this year all ended in favor of capital punishment. Bishops and Catholic conferences in these states had engaged in efforts to educate Catholics in particular on this issue and urge them to vote against it.

Oklahoma voters re-approved the use of the death penalty after the state’s attorney general had suspended executions last year. Nebraska voters also reinstated the death penalty, which had been banned by state lawmakers last year; the vote was 60.9 percent for the death penalty and 39.1 percent against it.

Nebraska’s Catholic bishops were among groups that had praised the Legislature for banning the death penalty. Gov. Pete Ricketts vetoed the repeal bill, lawmakers overrode his veto, then Ricketts and others led a campaign to let voters decide and gathered enough signatures to put it on the ballot.

“We express our disappointment that the death penalty will be reinstated in Nebraska,” said a postelection statement from Archbishop George J. Lucas of Omaha and Bishops James D. Conley of Lincoln and George J. Hanefeldt of Grand Island.

“We will continue to call for the repeal of the death penalty because it is not necessary to protect public safety. We hope that the emphasis on punishment in this election cycle won’t overshadow the authentic reforms needed in our criminal justice system.”

In California, voters defeated a ballot measure to repeal death penalty in the state and narrowly passed an initiative aiming to speed up executions of death row convictions.

Karen Clifton, executive director of the Catholic Mobilizing Network, the national Catholic organization working to end the death penalty, said in a Nov. 9 statement that “despite referendum losses” in the three states, she was hopeful “the country will continue to move away from the death penalty and toward a greater respect for life.” She also praised the work of Catholics on the state level to end the death penalty.

Clifton said the state ballots gave Catholics the chance to “prayerfully reflect on the dignity and worth of all life during this Jubilee Year of Mercy and to continue moving away from violence as the answer in our criminal justice system.”

The California Catholic Conference said it was “extremely disappointed” that the ballot to repeal the death penalty didn’t pass, stressing “it would have been the fitting culmination of a yearlong calling to live out the works of mercy.”

And the Catholic bishops of Nebraska expressed similar disappointment, saying in a statement they would “continue to call for the repeal of the death penalty when it is not absolutely necessary to protect the public safety.”

The Boston Archdiocese spent $850,000 in a last-minute effort to defeat the ballot measure, saying increased drug use was a threat those served by the Catholic Church’s health and social-service programs. A Boston Globe report on the campaign quoted an archdiocesan spokesman who said the money was from a discretionary, unrestricted central ministry fund.

In a statement opposing the ballot measure, the Massachusetts Catholic bishops referenced a report from the National Institute of Drug Abuse that said marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United States.

“Its widespread use and abuse, particularly by young people under the age of 18, is steadily increasing while scientific evidence clearly links its long-term damaging effects on brain development,” the bishops said.

In Arizona, Phoenix Bishop Thomas J. Olmsted said in a postelection statement: “I give thanks to God that Arizona voters rejected the measure to legalize recreational marijuana, thereby safeguarding many, especially children and young people, from the falsehood that drug use is socially and morally acceptable. Our state will be a safer place for kids and families because this measure was defeated.”

Minimum Wage

On minimum wage ballots, voters in Maine, Arizona and Colorado voted to increase the minimum wage to at least $12 an hour by 2020 and in Washington they voted to increase it to $13.50 an hour by 2020. Catholic Charities USA has long been a proponent of raising the minimum wage as have other groups that work to reduce poverty.

Gun Control Issues

Gun control measures passed in three states: California, Nevada and Washington, and lost in Maine. Although gun control has not been taken up by the U.S. bishops as a body, some bishops have spoken out in favor of gun control measures, including Cardinals-designate Blase J. Cupich of Chicago and Kevin J. Farrell, the former bishop of Dallas, who is prefect of the new Vatican office for laity, family and life.

Climate Change

Measures on climate change, an issue backed by the Catholic Climate Covenant, were rejected by voters. In Washington state, a ballot initiative called for the first carbon tax in the U.S., and a Florida measure would have restricted the ability of homeowners to sell electricity created through rooftop solar panels.

Joe Ruff in Omaha, Neb., and Tony Gutierrez in Phoenix, Ariz., contributed to this story.