Environmental pollution has reached an alarming level and the environment has suffered an irreparable damage. Solid, liquid and gas wastes from the industries; run off fertilizers and pesticides from the agricultural land; am domestic sewage from urban areas has reached a limit beyond disposal. According to Atlantic Wire, Food waste adds up to 40% in improper waste disposal that contributes in the pollution in our environment. Banana peels, egg shells, rice grains, spoiled meals are examples of food waste and this includes the raw material that will be used in the study, oyster shells. Oysters are commonly consumed, cooked or raw, by humans as a delicacy but the shells of it are usually thrown away and that’s the reason why oyster shells are one of the most common household garbage. Oyster shells are abundant in tropical countries especially in the Philippines where we have lots of coastlines that are rich in natural resources. Massive cultivation and harvesting of Oysters means large amount of waste that will take time to decompose that’s why we, the researchers, conducted this study to lessen the contribution of waste even in the smallest percent through recycling. Today, recycling, maintaining our sustainability and taking care of our environment is a big thing. While the best method is to reuse our wastes, this often cannot be done. Therefore, the only way to go seems to be to recycle, to use the same materials to make that same product again and again. Setting aside the environmental reasons, we are also aware that there are so many sectors that are in the bottom of the social ladder. These sectors, like poor school institutions, don’t have any funds to buy even the most basic needs. To support this, we need some facilities and materials for us to make it easier and clearer. Of course, we know that we already have some modernized equipments, but still, for those hopeless countries and...

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...Tobin Bushart
CULF 3331
The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell
Report by Tobin Bushart
General Themes:
While reading The Big Oyster I was able to gather a general theme of what Kurlansky was trying to do, and before I give a brief summary of the book I would like to give a short layout of what I think the author was trying to accomplish when writing this book. First off I think the idea was to give a history of Oysters in New York City, but while doing do Kurlansky seemed to try and give a history of the City and its people as well. He also wanted to give a general history on oysters themselves not just New York’s Oysters. He also wanted to talk about the relationship of those Oysters to the people and economy of New York as time passed. He also does a good job of showing of time specific methods of cooking and eating oysters which is always fun as well. Lastly I think he wanted to include some history of the general New England area as well to help contrast New York a bit better.
Mark Kurlansky: Who is this guy?
From what I was able to gather online before starting to read the book, Kurlansky is an ex-journalist turned writer. He was born in 1948 and attended Butler University where he studied Theater. Interestingly enough, once he graduated he no longer felt the love for theater anymore and decided that he wanted to move on to journalist. He...

...pounding, which is very tiring on the part of the person doing the job; and (2) they spread the chalk dust in the air, causing many problems, one of which is the unwillingness of the students to do this particular job, because it causes premature cramping of the hand. Another is that the chalk dust can cause skin irritation and may lead to skin disorders. Chalk dust can also trigger asthma when inhaled and is a definite nuisance to the environment since it returns excess carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Further clarification of the procedures and results should be directed to the researchers and adviser.
|Potential Use of OysterShells in Ceramic Production |
|This study focused on the possibility of replacing silica in ceramic production with oyster |
|shells. Powdered oystershells were used instead of silica in the production of ceramics. The |
|texture, color and durability of the ceramics were compared to those made with silica. Six |
|kilograms of Vigan clay and 2.5 kg of ball clay were mixed and soaked in water overnight. The |
|following day, the mixture was kneaded again and filtered. The mixture was placed over Plaster |
|of Paris for the water to be absorbed. |
|The solidified mixture was then rolled and compressed to let the air escape from the spaces...

...CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Mortar Adhesive is a very expensive construction material commonly used in building houses, parts of the house and other infrastructures like buildings, etc. Mortar is a very expensive ingredient that bonds bricks, stones, tiles, and concrete blocks into a structure. On the other hand Mollusk Shells specifically Mussel Shells and OysterShells are commonly consumed as food or used in pearl production. But once the meat of the shell is eaten or the pearl is removed, these shells become a non-usable waste products that adds up to our rapidly increasing pile of garbage, that is becoming a very huge problem for us. Nowadays, even landfills where we throw our garbage is becoming very crowded and too occupied with all of our garbage. These shells serves no useful purpose once their meat is eaten, and yet they require so much effort on removal as garbage. (http://www.investigatoryprojectexample.com/science/mollusk-shell-based-adhesive-as-mortar.html 6/28/12)
Adhesive is essential in joining two different materials together. It is important in industrial and housing construction. It bonds two materials together by initiating a chemical reaction that causes the two materials to connect such as a tile and the concrete of the structure. There are several types of Adhesive Mortar used in bonding which also depends on the location of the...

...﻿High School Department
Effect of Crab Shells and Acacia Seeds
In Purifying Water
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
BIOLOGY
1st Quarter
Submitted by:
Submitted to:
I. STATEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES
To determine if the purified water is safe to drink and not cause complications when drinking the purified water.
To establish if crab shells and acacia seeds can purify water
To identify what specie of crab can purify the water better
To know if the amount of acacia seeds can purify the water faster or better
To know which part of the crab has more effect on purifying water
II. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of the study is that we should know how to purify water in simple ways.
In the future our resources of fresh drinking water are going to deplete to a minimum unless we think of an alternative way to purify water. We can also reuse the used and dirty water and just use this method to purify them. This study can help many people that are poor and have fewer resources to do this experiment. This study can also be more organic and eco-friendly compared to the others. This cannot just only help the people but also our environment. With this experiment we can use less of factories and other non eco-friendly ways on purifying water. I chose this study because I want to have a basic knowledge on purifying water so in the future when I only have only a few resources I can use...

...Abstract
Our study is entitled “The Feasibility of Aspartic Acid found in OysterShells as an additive ingredient in improving the absorbency of commercialized sanitary napkins.” The objective of the study was to extract a protein from the oystershells to produce aspartic acid which can replace the manufactured polymer found in commercialized sanitary napkins.
The significance of our study is that the product is an alternative in producing polymers. It is also environmental friendly; biodegradable and is easy and affordable to produce.
The researchers produced the aspartic acid in a few simple steps. The oysters were submerged in a 10% Hydrochloric Acid Solution overnight then washed in running water (for neutralizing) the next day. They were then heated in an oven with a temperature of 110 Celsius and pounded until they reached a powdered form. After checking the presence of aspartic acid, a series of tests were performed to determine the efficiency of our powdered aspartic acid.
The researchers observed that if the amount of the aspartic acid was increased, the weight of the sanitary napkin and the amount of liquid absorbed also increased. The scale was directly proportional. As for the rate of absorbency, the results varied from 35 seconds to 50 seconds.
The study proved to be effective and can be improved to advance the production of polymers used in sanitary napkins. It can also...

...the English troops. Millions of soldiers died in the trenches. Others suffered from severe psychologically traumas. The majority of the soldiers, who suffered from psychologically traumas, were never able to return to the battle field. Experts were desperate to find a cure, but the regeneration hospitals remained unsuccessful during the war. Many of the soldiers, who suffered from shell shock, were haunted by the cruel memories for a lifetime.
The text, “Shell Shock during World War One” is an article published by BBC-history in 2011. The author of the text is Professor Joana Bourke. The intended audience is perhaps those, who are generally interested in history and also those, whose specific focus is World War One. The medium, in which the text occurs, is an online website founded by BBC.
The general purpose of the text is to enlighten and expository the reader. There’s no sign of use of persuasion in the article.
As the headliner emphasises the article is about shell shock during World War One. During the text we follow one of the British soldiers called Arthur Hubbard, who suffered from shell shock. The article focus on the mental traumas, which many soldier experienced during World War. The article deals with medical symptoms, how to define trauma and furthermore how the traumas may be cured.
The argumentation plays a minor role in the article. As mentioned before the articles intention is neither to...

...Business CASE STUDY
KILN SHELL REPLACEMENT
Nikhil Trikha Contract Business 16-Aug-10
Customer Plant Capacity Kiln Capaciy Job done
: J.K.White Cement , Gotan (Rj.) : .35 MTPA : 1100 TPD : Cowl Shell replacement (discharge end.)
SHELL TO BE REPLACED
WHY? Shell replacement
The old cowl shell was conical shaped and the same shell replaced with straight shell. Because of conical shape, customer was facing sealing problem at the end, which results in lots of cement spillage at the platform and nearby kiln area.
Steps involved in shell replacement
1. V-Groove preparation of New Shell. 2. Assembly of New Shell. 3. Run-out measurement of Old shell. 4. Obstruction while shell removal. 5. Marking and cutting of Old shell. 6. V-Groove preparation of old shell. 7. Positioning of new shell. 8. Alignment of New shell using aligning blocks and Clits. 9. Piano wire reading. 10. Welding of shells. 11. Non-destructive testing.
NEW SHELL
V – GROOVE CUTTING
V-Groove was made manually on new shell with the help of Gas cutter and grinding was done using Hand grinder. In most of the cases shell supplier does it only before delivery.
Assembly of New Shell
Assembly was...

...project will have a great impact to those who are in fishing industry. They will have
another way of putting up business than can be an alternative resource of income without spending much, at the same time solves the disposing problem involved.Prior to the increasing demand of bricks, we decided to pursue this project to produce an affordable bricks. With regards to this, entrepreneurs will have a higher profit though the use of powder oystershells as an alternative ingredient in making bricks.Another thing, during our natural calamity such as red tide season, oysters are not edible because they are poisonous. Its shells are still valuable and useful.
In this study to evaluate the possibility of recycling this waste for use as a construction material, the mechanical characteristics of pulverized oystershell were investigated in terms of its potential utilization as a substitute for the aggregates used in mortar. The unconfined compressive strengths of various soil mortar specimens, with varying blending ratios of cement, water and oystershell, were evaluated by performing unconfined compression tests, and the results were compared with the strengths of normal cement mortar made with sand. In addition, the effect of organic chemicals on the hardening of concrete was evaluated by preparing ethyl-benzene-mixed mortar specimens. The long-term strength...