Dr. Hugh Calkins from Johns Hopkins School of Medicine moderated the topic "When is Ablation, Defibrillation or Medical Treatment Indicated in Atrial Fibrillation?" with Drs. David Callans from the University of Pennsylvania, and John Hummel from Ohio State University participating.

The discussion focused primarily on:

(1) efficacy of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, including success and complication rates, and techniques,

(2) complicated candidates for AF ablation and different treatment strategies,

(3) recommendations regarding first or second line approaches for ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drugs,