|quote=Canoeing or kayaking through whitewater rapids can be a thrilling experience. Safe whitewater fun requires each participant to understand the the equipment and techniques and to have a firm respect for the power of nature's waterways.

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{{National Outdoor Badge|Aquatics| an option}}

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== Merit badge requirements ==

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== Notes ==

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{{Merit Badge Notes}}

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:1. Do the following:

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::a. Review with your counselor the first aid for injuries or illnesses that could occur while working on the Whitewater merit badge, including hypothermia, heat reactions, dehydration, insect stings, blisters, bruises, cuts, and shoulder dislocation.

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::b. Identify the conditions that must exist before performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a person. Explain how such conditions are recognized.

::a. Review and compare [http://usscouts.org/usscouts/safety/SafetyAfloat.pdf BSA Safety Afloat] and the [http://www.inaraft.com/pdf/aw_safety_code.pdf American Whitewater safety guidelines] and demonstrate your understanding of these principles by answering questions from your counselor.

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::b. Identify and explain the use and importance of safety equipment on moving water. Include in your explanation a discussion about throw ropes, whistles, and how to choose and properly fit PFDs (personal flotation devices) and helmets.

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:3. Before doing requirements 4 through 13 earn the Canoeing merit badge if you will be using a canoe to earn this merit badge. If you will be using a kayak, earn the Kayaking BSA Award.

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:4. Do ONE of the following:

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::a. If you are completing these requirements as a tandem canoeist, demonstrate basic canoe-handling skills by completing the Scout gate test within 160 seconds while paddling tandem with a buddy. Then demonstrate the following strokes: cross forward, cross draw, bow pry, Duffek, high brace, and low brace,

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::b. If you are completing these requirements as a solo canoeist, demonstrate basic solo canoe-handling skills by completing the Scout gate test within 160 seconds. Then demonstrate the following strokes: cross forward, cross draw, stern pry, Duffek, high brace, and low brace.

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::c. If you are using a kayak to complete these requirements, demonstrate basic kayak-handling skills by completing the Scout gate test within 160 seconds. Demonstrate the following strokes: Duffek, high brace, low brace, and sculling draw. Then do the following:

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:::1. Move the kayak forward in a reasonably straight line for 10 yards.

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:::2. Move the kayak sideways to the right and to the left.

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:::3. Pivot 360 degrees to the right and left.

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:::4. Stop the kayak.

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:5. Do the following:

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::a. Explain the importance of scouting before committing to running a rapid, and discuss good judgment when evaluating a stretch of river or a particular rapid.

::c. Explain how to scout and read a river while ashore and while afloat, and discuss the importance of hazard recognition.

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::d. Demonstrate your ability to read the river where you are practicing and demonstrating your whitewater skills.

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:6. Explain the International Scale of River Difficulty and apply the scale to the stretch of river where you are practicing and demonstrating your whitewater skills. Identify the specific characteristics of the river that are factors in your classification according to the International Scale.

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:7. Explain the importance of communication during every whitewater outing. Explain and then demonstrate using the following river signals: "Run right," "Run left," "Run down the center," "Stop," "Are you OK?" and "Help!"

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:8. Do the following:

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::a. Explain the differences between flatwater and whitewater canoes; identify the advantages and special uses for kayaks and decked canoes in running water. Identify the different materials used in modern whitewater canoe construction and the advantages and disadvantages of each.

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::b. Describe the various types of kayaks and how they differ in design, materials, and purpose.

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::c. Identify the advantages and special uses for kayaks and decked canoes in moving water.

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::d. Discuss the construction, safety, and functional features of paddles used in whitewater activities.

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:9. Discuss the personal and group equipment necessary for a safe whitewater outing and how and why it is used. Explain how to pack and protect these items.

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:10. Wearing the proper personal flotation device (PFD) and being appropriately dressed for the weather and water conditions, perform the following skills in moving water in a properly equipped whitewater craft of your choice (tandem canoe, solo canoe, or solo kayak). If a tandem canoe is used, the skills must be demonstrated from both the bow and stern positions.

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::a. Launch and land.

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::b. Paddle forward in a straight line.

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::c. Backpaddle.

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::d. Sideslip, both sides.

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::e. Ferry upstream and downstream.

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::f. Eddy turn.

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::g. Peel out.

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:11. Explain and demonstrate:

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::a. Self-rescue and procedures when capsized in moving water, including a wet exit if necessary

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::b. Safe rescue of others in various whitewater situations situations using a throw rope.

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::c. Portaging - when and how to do it.

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::d. The whitewater buddy system using at least three persons and three craft.

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:12. Discuss the use of inflatable boats on moving water. Discuss the use of inflatable rafts on moving water. In your discussion, explain the special safety precautions that should be taken when using an inflatable raft and the risks of "tubing" on moving water.

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:13. Participate in a whitewater trip using either a canoe or kayak on a Class I or Class II river. Help to prepare a written plan specifying the route, schedule, equipment, safety precautions, and emergency procedures. Determine local rules and obtain permission from landowners and land managers in advance. Explain what steps you have taken to comply with BSA Safety Afloat and the American Whitewater safety guidelines. Execute the plan with others.

Check out outfitters to be sure that they have proper supervision, training and safety gear prior to using them! You should also be prepared by spending quality troop time preparing for your trip.

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== See also ==

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{{Merit Badge See also}}

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Often, river companies (outfitters) will have guides that can sign off requirements for scouts while participating on foat trips. Make sure you ask well in advance to taking the trip so that they can be properly prepared for your scout merit badge needs (assuming that they can help you).

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== Help with these requirements ==

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[http://www.whitewater.org.nz/safety_river_signals.php River Signals]

== External links ==

== External links ==

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http://www.wilderness-voyageurs.com

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[http://www.noc.com NOC (Nantahala Outdoor Center), NC]

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http://www.youghrivertrail.com

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*[http://www.KernRafting.com Kern River]

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*[http://www.whitewater.org.nz/safety_river_signals.php River Signals]

*[http://www.eaglerafting.com/boyscouts.asp Eagle Rafting] Two day program on the Kern River. ''California''.

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[http://www.eaglerafting.com/boyscouts.asp Eagle Rafting] Two day program on the Kern River. ''California''.

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*[http://www.raftinfo.com/featured/California W.E.T. River Trips] Six day program combines Whitewater badge with 50-miler Award. Also offers the opportunity for Climbing, Kayak, and Bird Study. ''California''.

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*[http://www.raftecho.com/groupcorporate-rafting/boy-scouts/index.php Echo Canyon River Adventures] One day program on the Royal Gorge or Arkansas Rivers. ''Colorado''.

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[http://www.raftinfo.com/featured/California W.E.T. River Trips] Six day program combines Whitewater badge with 50-miler Award. Also offers the opportunity for Climbing, Kayak, and Bird Study. ''California''.

Contents

Canoeing or kayaking through whitewater rapids can be a thrilling experience. Safe whitewater fun requires each participant to understand the the equipment and techniques and to have a firm respect for the power of nature's waterways.

Whitewater merit badge requirements

Do the following:

a. Explain to your counselor the most likely hazards you may encounter while participating in whitewater activities and what you should do to anticipate, help prevent, mitigate, and respond to these hazards.

b. Review with your counselor the prevention, symptoms, and first aid treatment for the following injuries or illnesses that could occur while participating in whitewater activities including cold-water shock; hypothermia; head, neck, and back injuries; heat-related illnesses; sunburn; dehydration; blisters; bruises; cuts; sprains and strains; shoulder dislocation; and submersion injuries.

c. Discuss with your counselor the BSA Safety Afloat policy and the American Whitewater safety guidelines.

b. Explain when, why, and how you should scout a river while ashore and while on the river.

Before doing requirements 4 through 12, earn the Canoeing merit badge if you will be using a canoe to earn this merit badge. If you will be using a kayak, earn the Kayaking merit badge. Then do the following:

a. If you will be using a canoe to earn this merit badge, demonstrate strokes and maneuvers from the Canoeing merit badge to the satisfaction of your merit badge counselor.OR

b. If you will be using a kayak to earn this merit badge, demonstrate strokes and maneuvers from the Kayaking merit badge to the satisfaction of your merit badge counselor.

Do ONE of the following:

a. If you are completing these requirements as a tandem canoeist, perform the following on calm water:

a. Explain the International Scale of River Difficulty and apply the scale to the stretch of river approved by your counselor.

b. Identify the specific characteristics of the river that are factors in your classification according to the International Scale.

c. Discuss how the level of flow changes a river from one class to another and what effects different flow rates have on the features of a river and its hazards.

Explain the importance of communication during every whitewater outing. Demonstrate knowledge and ability to use the following American Whitewater Universal River Signals, both visual and auditory: "Stop," "Are you OK?," "Help/emergency," "Run river right," "Run river left," and "All clear-come ahead."

Do the following:

a. Demonstrate your ability to read a Class II section of river approved by your counselor. Describe the most desirable paths or lines of travel as well as alternative routes and options. Point out how to use the existing water features to your advantage, and explain how to best avoid the hazards present.

b. Wearing a proper life jacket and being appropriately dressed for the weather and water conditions, perform the following skills in moving water in a properly equipped whitewater craft of your choice (tandem canoe, solo canoe, or solo kayak). If a tandem canoe is used, the skills must be demonstrated from both the bow and stern positions.

1. Launch and land.

2. Paddle forward in a straight line.

3. Backpaddle.

4. Ferry upstream.

5. Ferry downstream.

6. Eddy turn.

7. Peel out.

Explain and demonstrate the following to your counselor:

a. Self-rescue and procedures when capsized in moving water, including a wet exit if necessary

b. Proper use of a throw rope to rescue a swimmer in whitewater

c. Proper technique for receiving a throw rope as a swimmer

d. Portaging - where portaging would be appropriate, and when and how to do it

e. The whitewater buddy system using at least three persons and three craft

Discuss the use of inflatable rafts on moving water. In your discussion, explain the special safety precautions that should be taken when using an inflatable raft and the risks of "tubing" on moving water.

Participate in a whitewater trip using either a canoe or kayak on a Class I or Class II river. Help to prepare a written plan, specifying the route, schedule, equipment, safety precautions, and emergency procedures. Determine local rules and obtain permission from landowners and land managers in advance. Explain what steps you have taken to comply with BSA Safety Afloat and the American Whitewater safety guidelines. Execute the plan with others.