..Using this approach, we demonstrate multicolor imaging of DNA model samples and mammalian cells with 20- to 30-nanometer resolution. This technique will facilitate direct visualization of molecular interactions at the nanometer scale...

..Mouse studies revealed that CTX:Cy5.5 has favorable biodistribution and toxicity profiles. These studies show that CTX:Cy5.5 has the potential to fundamentally improve intraoperative detection and resection of malignancies...

Evaluation of a proposed in vitro test strategy using neuronal and non-neuronal cell systems for detecting neurotoxicity

..Mass spectrometry suggests that the photoconversion product is a thiol-cyanine adduct in which covalent attachment of the thiol to the polymethine bridge disrupts the original conjugated pi-electron system of the dye...

..We hypothesize that these DeltaPsi(m) fluctuations are dependent on the proper functioning of the mitochondria and reflect mitochondria alternating between the active and inactive states of oxidative phosphorylation...

..This enables the switch to act as a ruler with the capability to probe distances difficult to access by other spectroscopic methods, thus presenting a new tool for the study of biomolecules at the single-molecule level...

..Our results support the view that specific regulation of the global state of the ribosome is a fundamental characteristic of all translation factors and a unifying theme throughout protein synthesis...

Lack of neurotrophin 3 causes losses of both classes of spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea in a region-specific fashion

..Despite these impressive innervation deficiencies, the morphology of the organ of Corti and the development of inner and outer hair cells appeared comparatively normal...

Determination of high mitochondrial membrane potential in spermatozoa loaded with the mitochondrial probe 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolyl-carbocyanine iodide (JC-1) by using fluorescence-activated flow cytometry

..Technical variance was shown to encompass both experimental and analytical noise and thus is dependent on the analytical software utilised. Data is provided as a resource to the community to assess alternative software and upgrades...

..Using these approaches, it is possible to perform more rapid and accurate comparative analyses and proteomic, post-gel characterization of proteins of interest than using comparative image analysis of multiple gels...

..Overall, this study demonstrated the quantitative measurement of 2P properties of NIR dyes and established the foundation for designing molecular probes for 2P imaging applications in the NIR region...

..We demonstrate the novel use of spectral deconvolution to negate the interfering contributing fluorescence by SB216763, thus allowing an unfettered analysis of the JC-1 dye to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential...

..Thus, the ATMS/diazotization chemistry facilitated covalent binding of unmodified DNA, and the reusable microarrays that were produced showed enhanced levels of hybridization and very low background fluorescence...

Heptamethine cyanine dyes with a robust C-C bond at the central position of the chromophore

..Tumors from cell lines that showed low internalized signal in vitro responded best to treatment with cetuximab. This preclinical model may aid in determining which cancer patients are best suited for cetuximab therapy...

Neurotrophic effects of a cyanine dye via the PI3K-Akt pathway: attenuation of motor discoordination and neurodegeneration in an ataxic animal model

..In the screening of biologically active molecules for neurotrophic potency, we found that a photosensitizing cyanine dye, NK-4, had remarkable neurotrophic activities and was a potent radical scavenger...

..Binding to HSA gives rise to dye CD signals and in many cases is accompanied by aggregation of the dyes. These aggregates often exhibit biphasic CD spectra. The aggregates formed by the dyes alone are decomposed in the presence of HSA...

..They were suggested to be a new paradigm for excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The configuration change of the bridgehead amine accompanying ICT was investigated in different viscosity and pH media...

Three color cDNA microarrays: quantitative assessment through the use of fluorescein-labeled probes

Verification of specific G-quadruplex structure by using a novel cyanine dye supramolecular assembly: II. The binding characterization with specific intramolecular G-quadruplex and the recognizing mechanism

..clearly demonstrate the synergistic effects of Cypate and GRD peptide for molecular recognition of integrin expression and suggest the potential of using carbocyanines as optical scaffolds for designing biologically active molecules.

..Multiple filter sets increase the signal-to-noise ratio by substantially reducing the background signal, and may allow more optical dyes to be resolved within the narrow limits of the near-infrared spectrum...

Comparison of visible and near-infrared wavelength-excitable fluorescent dyes for molecular imaging of cancer

..5. Immunohistochemistry shows that EGF causes activation of the EGFr signaling pathway, suggesting that prior to use as a targeting, diagnostic agent, potential deleterious effects should be considered...

..5, were similar to Cy5. In conclusion the Cy dye series is divided into two groups: Antibodies with multiple Cy3 or Cy3.5 labels yield bright fluorescence while extensive quenching occurs in antibodies labeled with Cy5 and Cy7...

Visualisation of mitochondria in living neurons with single- and two-photon fluorescence laser microscopy

..The probes may provide the basis for a new class of so-called smart nanoparticles, capable of pinpointing their position through their magnetic properties, while providing information on their environment by optical imaging techniques...

Role reversal in a supramolecular assembly: a chiral cyanine dye controls the helicity of a peptide-nucleic acid duplex

..These results indicate that chirality is transferred from the dye to the PNA, as opposed to other examples of polymer-templated dye aggregation where chirality is transferred from the template to the dye...

..Of the five dyes examined, only one, N,N'-diethylthiacarbocyanine iodide (DTC), was found to bind to G4'-DNA. DTC was also the only dye found to inhibit human telomerase at 50 microM concentration...

..Cyanine 3 (Cy3) is much less affected by atmospheric ozone. Degradation of the Cy5 signal relative to the Cy3 signal in 2-color microarrays will adversely reduce the Cy5/Cy3 ratio resulting in unreliable microarray data...

Multiplex detection and quantitation of proteins on western blots using fluorescent probes

..A mechanism that accounts for this destabilization is proposed which is consistent with our data. It involves dye-dye and dye-nucleotide interactions which appear to stabilize a single-stranded conformation of the probe...

..This prototypical multimodal nanoparticle has unique properties that may allow radiologists and neurosurgeons to see the same probe in the same cells and may offer a new approach for obtaining tumor margins...

..This finding may shed light on previous reports of the existence of a proton potential across the disk membranes and on the mechanism of the adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) supply for phototransduction, which still requires investigation...

Olivary projection from the rostral part of the nucleus of Darkschewitsch in the postnatal rat as revealed through the use of a carbocyanine dye

..We observed increased stability of Cy3 and Alexa488 in the presence of the antioxidants ascorbic acid and n-propyl gallate. This new O(2)-scavenging system should have wide application for single-molecule fluorescence experiments...

..They also plan to send announcements to other P41 centers to encourage collaborations between centers. They are requesting funds adequate to provide 10 complete fee waivers in the first year, growing to 18 waivers in the fifth year. ..

..Understanding the relationship between mast cells, T effector, and TREG cells in autoimmunity and has the potential to establish a new paradigm for immune regulation and create new insights to human disease. ..

..It is also an excellent model to mimic dopamine imbalance in the CNS that can be produced by therapeutic drugs that intentionally or unintentionally target the dopaminergic system of the developing brain. ..

..If feasible, an R01 proposal would address separations of real mixtures of membrane proteins from cell lysates. The work could have enormous impact on drug discovery, allowing inexpensive screening that encompasses many receptors. ..

..The single-molecule approach will highlight relations between the mechanisms at successive steps, thus contributing to an integrated description of the enhancer-mediated initiation process in this model system. ..

..The final product produced by the Core will be tissue sections on microscope slides with appropriate coding to track each case. A database will be maintained in the Core to assure accuracy of data analyses. ..

..The solution structure is of particular relevance for the design of agents that act as inhibitors of oncogene function. Inhibitors of hTCL-1 and hMTCP-1 have potential for treatment of low-grade T-cell lymphomas and leukemias. ..

..Indeed, the long-term aim of these studies is to discover endogenous protective mechanisms that can be translated into effective rapid acting neuroprotective agents for stroke. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..The oral paclitaxel formulations are expected to have great therapeutic potential not only for cancer treatment as well as neurodegenerative diseases that can be potentially treated by paclitaxel. ..

..This study may lead to the development of more effective radio-conjugates for the therapy of cancer and other diseases. Also, it will provide basic information about the toxic effects of intracellular (really lysosomal) radionuclides. ..