Care for Additional Babies to Remove More Workers; Boost in Consumption to Offset Some Pain to Economy

BEIJING—China's easing of its notorious one-child policy may help toy makers and tutors. But it won't boost China's overall economy for the next 15 years, economists say—and in some ways will deepen economic problems as care for the additional babies will remove more people from the workforce.

That complication comes at a time when China faces a steep, irreversible shift in demographics: Its working-age population is set to start...