sugar-sack — (("a bag made of fine sacking for containing sugar; the sacking itself" – OED.)) The sacking was prized as material for home-made underwear and the like.

chaffing — ridicule, banter. ((OED.))

randled — ? rhymed. ((randle: "a set of nonsense verses, repeated in Ireland by schoolboys and young people, who have been guilty of breaking wind backwards" – Partridge HS.)) I think I think I smell a stink ... — traditional children's rhyme. ((Johnston, Around the Banks of Pimlico, 1985.))

vilipendence — ((vilipendency: "the expression of disparagement or contempt" obsolete, rare – OED.)) "Vilipendence" does not appear in any English dictionaries on the web. Br Polycarp (who has chosen Polycarp for his name in religion) has a penchant for unusual words: vilipendence, longanimity. If in nothing else, Jim is his pupil here.

The bold Sean O'Casey (Protestant, Irish speaker) approaches St Patrick's Cathedral (Protestant, in Dublin) to request a service in Irish: "After the Dean had recovered out of a bud swoon by swallowing a big dollop of warmed whiskey, he asked, Is there anything else you'd like? of the deputation that went to see him. Then he burst out laughing, shook his hide, and frowned with kind malignity, saying, Erse? What! have a service in Erse, and in St. Patrick's? Not in Erse, surely? Yes? No, no, gentlemen, it can't be did. It couldn't happen here. We don't want our church to be filled with Conn the Shaughrauns, like a Wicklow wedding" – O'Casey 3

chees and chaws — (("the Italianate pronunciation of ecclesiastical Latin" ca.1850-1900 – Partridge HS.)) For instance "Cicero", the famous Roman: in SE the name is pronounced "Sissero"; in university Latin (what Polycarp would seem to have learnt): "Kickero"; in continental Latin: "Cheetcherro". What Polycarp seems to bemoan is that the continental Latin is overtaking the university Latin in the Irish church. Nothing to be found on the web backs up this worry, beyond the Partridge entry above; and the Partridge entry refers almost certainly and solely to High Anglicanism.

break wind backwards — from St Augustine, City of God, 14.24 – "Some have such command of their bowels, that they can break wind continuously at pleasure, so as to produce the effect of singing." …

John Derricke, print "The Image of Irelande", 1581— note the braigetori to the right

On this subject, Wikipedia as always is enlightening:

"The professional farters of medieval Ireland were called braigetori. They are listed together with other performers and musicians in the 12th century Tech Midchúarda, a diagram of the banqueting hall of Tara. As entertainers, these braigetori ranked at the lower end of a scale headed by bards, fili and harpers." – Wikipedia: Flatulist.

supererogation — (("performance of more than duty or circumstances require" – OED.))

soutane

soutane — (("a long close-fitting garment, covering the body from the neck to the ankles. It is fastened in the front from the top to the bottom by means of buttons. A small aperture is made in the neck-band in order to expose the collar" – New Catholic Dictionary 1910.))

Rowland's Macassar Oil, 1895

Macassar — ((Macassar oil: "an unguent for the hair, grandiloquently advertised in the early part of the 19th century, and represented by the makers (Rowland and Son) to consist of ingredients obtained from Macassar" – OED.))

stumbling feet — feet here in the prosody sense, i.e. a division of verse or its underlying rhythm.

belcher — handkerchief. (("loosely, a handkerchief of any base with spots of another colour" colloquial, and from ca. 1875 Standard English "Ex the boxer Jim Belcher (d. 1811)" – Partridge HS.))

A Nation Once Again — popular Irish "rebel" song, for long an unofficial nationalist anthem. Nation Once Again

white as nip — (("very white, very clean" – EDD.))

con brio — (("spiritedly" – Oxford Music.))

rapparee — (("an Irish robber or outlaw; whence a vagabond" – Farmer 1904.)) (("an Irish pikeman or irregular soldier, of the kind prominent during the war of 1688-92" – OED.)) fifers — indicative of militancy over musicianship. ((fifes "used chiefly to accompany the drum in military music" – OED.))

mountain-men — people from the mountains, i.e. uncouth, wild, patriotic. Usually mountainy (("... he's one of those mountainy men that live up in the hill behind Aussolas. Oweneen the Sprat is the name he goes by, and he's the crossest little thief in the Barony" – Somerville & Ross, Further Experiences of an Irish R.M., 1908.)) musicianer — musician. ((now rare in educated use – OED.))

slips and slides — musical embellishments (? with perhaps the further sense of "moral failures")

pandy — (("a stroke upon the extended palm with a leather strap ... given as a punishment to schoolboys" – OED.))

for speaking Erse — 19th century schools in Ireland encouraged the adoption of English by punishing children who spoke in Irish. …

"A state system of primary education was introduced in 1831 and one of its main aims was the teaching of English. Children were strongly discouraged from speaking Irish. "The 'tally stick', or bata scoir in Irish, was introduced into classrooms. Children attending school had to wear a stick on a piece of string around their necks. Each time they used Irish, a notch was cut into the stick. At the end of the day, they would be punished according to how many notches they had on their stick." — Irish Language in the 19th Century.