Anisotropic mechanical properties of single fibers, that is, the mechanical property along the fiber axis, the property transverse to the fiber axis and shear property, which fundamentally influence the performance of clothing material, are surveyed and the results obtained are as follows. Polyester, nylon, acrylic, wool, cotton and linen were used for measurements of anisotropic elastic moduli of apparel fiber and high performance fibers were measured for reference samples. As a results of that, a sphere of anisotropic elastic moduli of clothing fibers and the relation between anisotropic elastic moduli and molecular orientation were obtained. For the survey of the practical use of the above fibers, failure anisotropy of these fibers and the effect of water on the anisotropic mechanical properties were clarified. Then the changes of the anisotropic elastic moduli during worsted, spinning, weaving and finishing processes of wool fibers were surveyed. The results showed that a remarkabl
… Moree decrease of the shear modulus occurred and that the transverse modulus' rate of decrease changed, so these performances seemed to be a phenomena of fatigue. Then, the effect of anisotropic mechanical properties of single fibers on the fiber-fiber friction of fibrous materials was studied. Specifically, anisotropic mechanical properties of single fibers affected by the shear torque property for changing the intersecting angle between warp and weft yarns and transverse compression property of yarn, particularly, that affected by hysteresis performance of yarn mechanical property. Then fibrous materials consisted of the fibers which have higher oriented molecular and lower transverse modulus showed increasing of fiber-fiber friction. Primary mechanical properties of yarn were led theoretically by yarn construction and anisotropic mechanical properties of single fibers, and the effect of these yarn properties on basic mechanical properties of fabric, that is shear, tensile, bending and compressional properties of fabric, were calculated using leaded previously developed theory, as a results, the transverse and shear property of fiber are most important to the performance of clothing materials. Above results showed the possibility of total designing of high performance clothing material from single fiber properties. Measurements of anisotropy of thermal conductivity of single fibers were not precise and any reliable results were not obtained for the present.衣料用繊維として、従来からの天然繊維ならびに合成繊維をとりあげ、比較試料として近年開発されたアラミド繊維などの高性能繊維についても、異方性力学定数を明らかにし、衣料用繊維のもつ異方性力学定数の範囲とその特長ならびに繊維の分子配向度との関係を見出した。また、被服の実用的立場から、繊維の破壊特性における異方性、異方性力学定数におよぼす水分の影響についても明らかにした。さらに、羊毛繊維については、紡織工程中における異方性力学定数の変化について追跡調査を行ない、せん断弾性率の低下と横圧縮弾性率の低下傾向を捉え、これらは繊維の疲労現象と対応づけられた。次いで、単繊維の異方性力学特性が繊維集合体の繊維間摩擦に及ぼす影響についても考察した。特に、単繊維の異方性力学特性が交差糸の交差角変化に伴なう抵抗トルク特性、糸の横圧縮特性、なかでもそれらのヒステリシス特性に関係することを見出した。そして、高配向した繊維ほど繊維集合構造をとらせたときの横圧縮による圧縮弾性率の低下、繊維間摩擦の増大することを実験的に明らかにした。他方、糸の構造と単繊維の異方性力学特性から、糸の基本変形特性を半理論的に誘導し、糸のこれらの力学特性が布のせん断変形、引張り変形等の基本変形におけるヒステリシス挙動に及ぼす影響についても、従来開発された理論を適用して予測計算し、単繊維の横圧縮特性、ねじり特性が被服材料の性能に大きく関わることを明らかにした。これらの成果は単繊維の性質から高品質な被服材料の性能設計の可能性を示唆するものである。衣料用単繊維の熱伝達特性の異方性に関しては現段階で精度のよい測定結果を得ることができなかった。 Less