Hagan was born Janet Kay Ruthven[3] in Shelby, North Carolina, the daughter of Jeanette (née Chiles), a homemaker, and Josie Perry "Joe" Ruthven, a tire salesman. Both her father and her older brother served in the U.S. Navy.[4] She spent most of her childhood in Lakeland, Florida. Leaving the tire business, her father branched out into real estate development, primarily focused on industrial warehouses and warehouse-centered business parks in the Lakeland and Polk County, Florida area. With business success came political engagement, in this case with the Democratic Party, with her father later becoming mayor of Lakeland.[5][6][not in citation given] To this day, the multigenerational Ruthven family remains one of the wealthiest and most politically influential families in Lakeland and Southwest Central Florida.

Prior to beginning her political career, Hagan worked in the financial industry. During this time she became a vice president of North Carolina's largest bank, NCNB (North Carolina National Bank), which is now a part of Bank of America.[1] Hagan became a county campaign manager for Governor Jim Hunt's gubernatorial campaign.[1]

After Hagan first decided not to run against Elizabeth Dole,[8] the Swing State Project announced on October 26, 2007, that two independent sources had reported that Hagan would, in fact, run.[9] Hagan made her candidacy official on October 30, 2007.[10][11] She defeated investment banker Jim Neal of Chapel Hill, podiatrist Howard Staley of Chatham County, Lexington truck driver Duskin Lassiter, and Lumberton attorney Marcus Williams in the May 2008 Democratic primary.

Hagan was initially given little chance against Dole, and she was recruited to the race only after more prominent North Carolina Democrats such as Governor Mike Easley, former Governor Jim Hunt and Congressman Brad Miller all declined to compete against Dole.[12] However, most polling from September onward showed Hagan slightly ahead of Dole, although Hagan had previously fallen behind by as many as 17 points at one point.[13] Hagan was helped by Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama's aggressive push for North Carolina's 15 electoral votes[14][15] and by 527 groups lobbying on her behalf.[12] The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee expended more money in North Carolina than in any other state during the 2008 election season.[12]

In late October, the Dole campaign released a television ad that stated the leader of the Godless Americans PAC had held "a secret fundraiser in Kay Hagan's honor." The ad showed sound bites of group members espousing their views, then stated Kay Hagan "hid from cameras, took Godless money... what did Hagan promise in return?" It ended with a photo of Hagan and a female voice saying, "There is no God."[16][17] The ad aired across North Carolina.[16] Hagan, a member of First Presbyterian Church of Greensboro and a former Sunday school teacher,[17] condemned the ad as "fabricated and pathetic,"[18] and filed a lawsuit in Wake County Superior Court accusing Dole of defamation and libel.[19][20] Following Hagan's victory, the lawsuit was dropped.[21] The ad was roundly criticized in local and several national media outlets, including by CNN's Campbell Brown, who said about the ad: "[A]mid all the attack ads on the airwaves competing to out-ugly one another, we think we've found a winner."[17]

In the November election, Hagan won with 53 percent of the vote to Dole's 44 percent.[22] The Miami Herald reported that campaign ads on both sides were negative. Hagan's victory was partially attributed to anger over the "Godless" ad.[23]

Hagan lost her bid for re-election in 2014. The Washington Post considered her seat vulnerable.[24][25] The Fiscal Times reported that Hagan benefitted from a presidential election in 2008 for higher voter turnout, and that without one this year the race is a toss-up.[26] Hagan declined to attend ceremonies for President Barack Obama's January 2014 visit to North Carolina, deciding instead to remain in Washington for Senate votes. Pundits questioned whether Hagan was attempting to distance herself from the President, whose popularity in North Carolina waned significantly after he won the state in his 2008 presidential bid.[27]

Hagan had been the target of numerous negative ads paid for by Americans for Prosperity, which had spent over $7 million on the race by the end of March 2014.[28][29] As part of a $3 million offensive effort against those efforts in early 2014, the Senate Majority PAC released ads supporting Hagan.[30] In July 2014, Hagan had the largest cash-on-hand advantage of any other vulnerable Democratic senator and their GOP challengers.[31] She was endorsed by Vice President Joe Biden.[32] In September 2014, Bill Clinton announced plans to campaign for Hagan.[33] Hagan faced Republican Thom Tillis and Libertarian Sean Haugh in the general election on Tuesday, November 4.[34] Hagan declined to participate in a scheduled October 21 debate.[35] She was a speaker at the state AFL-CIO convention.[36] After a close race, Kay Hagan lost her bid for re-election.

In December 2010, Hagan voted against a bill extending both the Bush tax cuts and unemployment benefits. The bill passed the Senate 81-19, with conservatives and progressives from both sides of the aisle opposing it.[38][39]

On March 23, 2013, Hagan was one of only four Democratic Senators to vote against the Senate’s first approved budget in four years.[40]

On April 17, 2013, Hagan voted to expand background checks for gun purchasers.[44][45] She also voted not to reinstate the Feinstein ban on "assault weapons",[46][47] nor to ban "large capacity ammunition feeding devices".[48]

On September 27, 2013, Hagan voted to restore funding for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as part of an amendment to legislation funding government operations for 45 days, and which also omitted House-passed language prioritizing debt payments if Congress fails to increase the nation’s borrowing limits.[53][54][55] The Washington Post's Dana Milbank argued that Senator Hagan destabilizes her own Senate lead because she has difficulty communicating her support of Obamacare to her own constituents.[56]

On December 18, 2010, Hagan was one of only five Democrats to vote against the DREAM Act. The bill failed in the Senate.[59]

In June 2013, Hagan voted against an amendment to require the completion of 350 miles of fence described in the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 before registered provisional immigrant status may be granted. It would also require 700 miles of fence be completed before the status of registered provisional immigrants may be changed to permanent resident status.[60]

Hagan co-sponsored PROTECT IP Act (PIPA), a proposed law with the stated goal of giving the US government and copyright holders additional tools to curb access to "rogue websites dedicated to the sale of infringing or counterfeit goods," especially those registered outside the U.S." In the wake of online protests, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid tabled the bill in January 2012.[61]

Hagan supports abortion rights for women[62] and voted against a congressional plan to defund Planned Parenthood.[49] Planned Parenthood quotes Hagan as saying "I am a strong supporter of a woman's right to choose...I would like to see abortions be safe, legal, and rare. These decisions are best made privately by a woman in consultation with her doctor."[63] Hagan also voted against a congressional plan to defund Planned Parenthood, who according to the ‘’News Observer’’ plans to spend 3.3 million dollars on her reelection campaign.[49] Hagan was endorsed by EMILY's List, an organization dedicated to electing pro-choice Democratic women to office.[64]

Hagan opposes the Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act, which would ban abortions after 20 weeks. In August 2014, a protest occurred outside her offices in support of the bill.[65]

Hagan opposed North Carolina's Amendment 1, a measure that defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman in North Carolina's Constitution.[68] On March 27, 2013, Hagan announced her support of gay marriage.[69]

^Pianin, Eric (Feb 15, 2013). "7 Senate Seats Most at Risk—Hint: They’re All Blue". Fiscal Times. Retrieved 12 August 2014. The ‘’Fiscal Times’’ reported that Hagan benefitted from a presidential election in 2008 for higher voter turnout, and that without one this year the race is a toss-up.