Magnetic forces at the center of the galaxy have twisted a nebula
into the shape of DNA, a new study reveals.

The double helix shape is commonly seen inside living organisms,
but this is the first time it has been observed in the cosmos.

“Nobody has ever seen anything like that before in the cosmic
realm,” said the study’s lead author Mark Morris of UCLA. “Most
nebulae are either spiral galaxies full of stars or formless
amorphous conglomerations of dust and gasâ€”space weather. What we
see indicates a high degree of order.”

These observations, made with NASA’s Spitzer Space
Telescope, are detailed in the March 16 issue of the journal
Nature.

Disk-driven shape

The DNA nebula is about 80 light-years long. It’s about 300
light-years from the supermassive black hole at the center of the
Milky Way. The nebula is nearly perpendicular to the black hole,
moving out of the galaxy at a quick clipâ€”about 620 miles per
second (1,000 kilometers per second).

Magnetic field lines at the galactic center are about 1,000 times
stronger than on Earth. They run perpendicular to the black hole,
but parallel through the nebula. Scientists think that twisting of
these lines is what causes the double helix shape.

While the black hole might be the first culprit to come to mind,
it’s more likely that the magnetic field lines are anchored to a
giant gas disk that orbits the black hole several light-years away,
researchers say.

It’s like having two strands of rope connected to a fixed point,
Morris said. As you spin the strands, they braid around each other
in a double helix fashion. In this case the gas and dust of the
nebula makes up the strands.

“It’s as if there’s a bar across the middle [of the black hole],
or a dumbbell shape, where the strands are anchored, and as it spins
around, it twists the strands together,” Morris told SPACE.com.

This process takes a long time, though, since the disk completes
one orbit around the black hole roughly every 10,000 years. But
that’s an important number. “Once every 10,000 years is exactly what
we need to explain the twisting of the magnetic field lines that we
see in the double helix nebula,” Morris said.

The recipe

The recipe for a DNA nebula is strict but simple. It requires a
strong magnetic field, a rotating body, and a nebulous cloud of
material positioned just right.

Massive central black holes are the best sources for both the
strong magnetic field and rotating body, and since most large
galaxies have them, Morris expects DNA-like nebula may be common
through out the universe.

“I absolutely expect to see [this configuration] in gas-rich
galaxies with all these elements in place,” Morris said.

However, these nebulas are tough to spot, and current technology
limits scientists’ observations to our galaxy.