Abstract

In ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’, Alan Turing actually proposed not one, but two, practical tests for deciding the question ‘Can a machine think?’ He presented them as equivalent. I show here that the first test described in that much-discussed paper is in fact not equivalent to the second one, which has since become known as ‘the Turing Test’. Although the first, neglected, test uses a human’s linguistic performance in setting an empirical test of intelligence, it does not make behavioral similarity to that performance the criterion of intelligence. The two tests yield different results, and the first provides a more appropriate measure of intelligence. -----------------------------