Abstract

Rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT) creates extensive opportunities for efficient and cost effective public service delivery. Even though most developed countries have had established electronic services for several years, the vast majority of developing countries have started only recently. In 2007, Bangladesh has also started to prioritise eService development in the national agenda e.g. dissemination of service information through websites, availability of official forms online, utility bill payment through mobile phone SMS and so on. There is as yet a lack of studies capturing the overall picture of such initiatives and progress in this country. Hence, the aim of this study is to examine various public eService development initiatives in Bangladesh, assess eService maturity level, and thereby assist the government to expedite implementation of those services. The study is based on both survey and interview approaches. A survey of 44 public officials, working on eGovernment implementation in different ministries and central public authorities, was conducted using a structured questionnaire. In addition, nine top‑level officials involved in ICT related government policy intervention were interviewed. A literature review covers theoretical tools on measuring and implementing eGovernment applications such as stage models to categorise eService maturity level. The survey and interview results aligned with a well‑known stage model are used to provided an overall picture of public eService initiatives in Bangladesh. The study has identified existing major eServices and assessed the overall maturity level of the services. The study also contributes by identifying prospects for public eService delivery in Bangladesh, including growing use of mobile phones and public private partnerships (PPP); while inadequate legal regulations, scarcity of power supply, insufficient initiatives by top‑level managements, service integrity and interoperability etc. are identified as challenges for the growth of public eService development and sustainability. Finally, the study also puts forward some recommendations to deal with major challenges.

Editorial

Ships that Pass in the Night?

For some years now I have been involved in the PhD symposium at the European Group for Public Administration’s (EGPA’s) annual conference. The majority of the PhD students attending these symposia are doing their research in public administration rather than e‑government, but sometimes ICT raises its head in unexpected situations.

This happened a few weeks ago at this year’s conference in Bucharest when a student was presenting some of the ongoing results from the COCOPS project. Don’t worry about the acronym (www.eur.nl/cocops/ if you want to know more), COCOPS is an EU funded project which, inter alia is trying to evaluate the impact of various public sector reforms. In the presentation in question, the student discussed and analysed various attempts to evaluate the impact of New Public Management (NPM) on public administration and citizens over the period from about the early 1990s to the present.

This coincides, give or take a year or two, with the period of the Internet and the Web in government. So in the discussion afterwards I could not resist asking the obvious question: how are you (or COCOPS) going to differentiate the effect of NPM (or any other reform over this period) from the impact of technology? This led to a lively discussion at the end of which there was no clear answer – possibly because distilling out such impacts is next to impossible.

The question of evaluating the impact of e‑government is one for another day. My observation here is that the student, and one assumes that COCOPS team (and a very distinguished bunch they are), did not seem to have given this matter much, if any, thought. Given that Eric Brynjolfsson is on record as claiming that almost all of the productivity gains in the US economy over the past 20 plus years are attributable to information technology, it seems a bit well, quixotic, to ignore the impact of the same technology in the public sector. Quixotic maybe, but surprising no. The world of public administration, or at least the academic end of it, is still, seemingly, largely oblivious of IT. In fact the previous week at the eGov conference in Delft when I remarked at an IFIP meeting that the Oxford Handbook of Public Management had only two chapters which considered IT at all (and one of those was on IT in government by Helen Margretts) a leading American academic (whose identity I will protect though he has tenure) snorted on contemptuously that that was because public administration academics were still 30 years behind in their thinking.

A bit over the top maybe, but there a germ of truth in this accusation as there is in the sometimes heard counter accusation that too many people working in e‑government do not know enough about mainstream public administration, its concepts, theories and ideas. A small number academics bridge this divide and many of them are to be found at EGPA each year, but it is a gap that really needs to be addressed by both sides. Both public administration and e‑government worlds have much to learn from each other and if they could, there world would be the richer for it.