The Turning of the Wheel of Dharma

The history of Hinduism and Buddhism bought many new aspects in their religious life and knowledge. With the diversity and divisions their culture survived over two thousand years of culture heritage, social organization and religious worldviews. In this essay you will read about the knowledge of the Hindu and Buddha and how it came about.

We start with the Upanishadic Worldview which bought two emphases which is knowledge over ritual and on immortality in terms of escape from existence itself. "From the unreal lead me to the real From death lead me to immortality" This was a sentence from a prayer of an Upanishadic thinker which points out about the nature of things and the quest for ultimate truth. Knowledge has become the ultimate source of power. Immortality after death reflects a new concern of life escaping from existence in any form.

As the quest for knowledge continues the Upanishadic focused on the nature of individual self and its relationship to ultimate reality, known as atman-braham. The gods are now part of the scheme of things and subject to this existence. Atman-braham is recognizing as a principle of reality itself which includes the unborn, unmade, and unchanging infinite. It is also focused on the nature of normal existence, which causes changes i.e. the physical world, our bodies, and personalities. Brahman is the only eternal and unchanging. This already is showing us a marked tendency toward the Buddhist emphasis on impermanence and suffering as facts of existence.

Life after death a new understanding of immortality relates to the Upanishadic perception about self and the world of existence. They believe that life is a cycle, a never ending alternation between life and death. This idea became the basic assumption of all Indian thought and religious life. Samsara as this is called. They believe that the action of the mind or body has continuous effects in existence. That good...

...those is the term Dharma. When examining Dharma in both Hinduism and Buddhism, people may notice that they are somewhat similar, but they will also see that there even more differences within this term. To better understand this term, we must first define it within the religion and then see what they have in common with one another, if anything at all, and finally notice where the big differences are between them.
Dharma is a powerful word, but some may see it differently then others depending on their religion, or their understanding of the religion at hand. So to better understand this term we must first define the term specific to each religion. First we look at Hinduism, here Dharma is defined as, “the most basic concept of Hinduism. It is a wide-ranging term for righteousness, law, duty, moral teachings, religion itself, or the order in the universe.”(Voorst, 72). It goes on to say that, “Dharma is also the god who embodies and promotes right order and living”(Voorst, 72). This in itself is not especially self-explanatory, but we will go into further detail after learning the meaning of the word in the Buddhist religion. The meaning for Dharma for Buddhists is quite different, “this world view the dharma, “law, teaching” about the universe and the release from it.”(Voorst, 119), so just looking at the definitions we can see that they can relate but we need to look...

...﻿ Sanatana Dharma
Sanatana Dharma, also known as Hinduism, is a complex and age old religion. The textbook describes it as “made up of many sects with a variety of belief systems”. From teachings and social systems to sacred texts, Sanatana Dharma (SD) has many different views and concepts.
One of the many beliefs of Hinduism is karma, the belief that all actions produce effects. Another belief is that of samsara, or reincarnation. It is believed that karma keeps you bound in the cycle of reincarnation. Moksha is the liberation from the bonds of samsara. Another aspect of these beliefs is that of Brahmin or the one. Brahmin is characterized as existence, consciousness, and bliss. Brahmin is connected to atman.
Atman is your true self. It is eternal and keeps track of your karma. Atman’s one goal is moksha, or liberation from samsara. Atman faces avidya, or ignorance of atman, and maya, or illusion of atman which could also mean ego. There are several ways that atman can escape the bonds of samsara including meditation and rituals.
Hinduism contains several sacred texts. The Vedas (1500 – 600 B.C.E) are the earliest of these texts. The Vedas contain four text hymns. There are the Upanishads (900 – 600 B.C.E), which are a group of philosophical texts which are meant to explain the hidden meanings of rituals. Hindu beliefs and practices are passed on by traditions and narrative texts, such as epics. The most famous of these...

...Hindu follower, doing one’s own dharma poorly is better than doing another person’s dharma well.
I agree that to a Hindu, it’s better to do their own dharma poorly than to do another person’s dharma well. A person’s dharma is their way of righteous living and rules or regulations of human behavior. This is a path in which to interact with others and worldly surroundings. Hinduism refers to dharma as the natural laws of the universe that will keep a person from suffering eternally in the reincarnated life ahead of them. Dharma is a moral and spiritual code that each Hindu lives by to guide themselves throughout their lives. The Holy Scriptures written by ancient Indians refer the religious ethics of dharma. These scriptures were defined by Hindu gurus and the meaning was compassion. Dharma is truth and everything harmony that each individual must follow in order to obtain good karma. Humans must have compassion for others as well as participating in life according to their dharma. (Das, Subhamoy, np.)
“To believers, dharma is not just law, or harmony, it is pure reality. In the Brihadaranyaka's own words: Verily, that which is Dharma is truth. Therefore they say of a man who speaks truth, "He speaks the Dharma," or of a man who speaks the Dharma, "He speaks the Truth."...

...calibrate functions, acquire, stop, etc. When the eye positions is calculated, the eye gaze is obtained and represented in this windows in angles (figure 11).
LonWorks Bus (1)
Infrared Sensors
Navigation and sensor integration.
Ultrasonic Sensors
User-Machine Interface Central Proc. Unit Output devices: Parallel Bus Path generation & Dead Reckoning
! LED’s ! LCD displays ! Voice sintet.
Input devices: Low level control Power and motion Controllers
! ! ! ! Linear inputs Switches Breath & voice Eye movements
Fig 11.- Eye gaze. The EOG signal are procesed in the computer and send the control command to the wheelchair using a PLCTA. The Neuron-Chip receives the command and generates the command of linear speed for each wheel independently.
Encoder lines
LonWorks Bus (2)
Fig 9.- SIAMO project scheme.
5 Results
In this section, several results of guidance the wheelchair are shown.
requires about 15 minutes to learn to use this kind of systems. Figure 14 shows the wheelchair used in SIAMO project.
Fig 14.- Wheelchair used in SIAMO project.
Fig 12.- Wheelchair guidance I.
6 Conclusions
This research project is aimed towards developed a usable, low-cost assistive robotic wheelchair system for disabled people. In this work, we presented a system that can be used as a means of control allowing the handicapped, especially those with only eye-motor coordination, to live more independient lives. Eye movements require...

...Big World
Tim Winton’s ‘Big World’ contains several themes, with two key examples being the human desire for companionship, and how people cope with and adapt their lives to find a sense of worth or belonging, especially in the adolescent perspective.
The short story is written in first person, with a reflective persona describing what was his life immediately after school, with his best friend Biggie. Both of the boys left school devoid of any further opportunities as they both ‘bombed’ their School Certificates, a fact which seemed to become more and more of a concern to the persona as the story continues. Now that intellectual opportunity and fitting into greater society is out of the question, he”[dreams] of escaping, of pissing off North to find some blue sky”: he wishes to find what seems to be a more worthwhile way to waste his life, since he will never be anything successful. However, the two main characters, being adolescents, are immature in their outlook. In particular for the unnamed persona, broader responsibilities are ignored, such as loyalty to his parents. The use of the colloquial first person voice gives the reader further insights into his thought processes, and we can see his natural intelligence from the present perspective, but we can also see that intelligence being marred by the immaturity he has as a teenager, with a lack of exposure to the responsibilities all adults face. For example, the only consideration he gives to his mother was that...

...The importance of discovery is measured by the impact it has on people. Tim Winton’s “Big World” and “Aquifer”, short stories from his anthology, The Turning, and Lasse Hallstrom’s What’s Eating Gilbert Grape illustrate that individuals learn from their mistakes and personal discoveries over time. Through the use of various techniques and devices, Winton and Hallstrom’s craft relatable adolescent characters who their targeted audiences and able to empathise and sympathise with, whilst achieving revealing insights about the power of discovery.
Significant discoveries can be a slow realisation that changes the way we perceive ourselves and relationships. In “Big World”, the narrator hopes to discover excitement, girls and an escape from his boring life. During this journey he is forced to confront an uncomfortable truth about himself and his relationship with Biggies which was initiated by “a single decisive act or violence that joined me to Biggie forever”, but the fragility of the relationship is revealed when Biggie leaves the narrator in Broome for Meg. The unexpected way in which events unfold is reinforced by Meg not showing up for Biggie’s funeral. “Meg won’t show”, this short sentence conveys the way events arrive in an unexpected way. Another major discovery is the narrator’s vanity and how it cost him. He knew what he was doing was wrong but couldn’t stop it as it made him feel smarter and superior. “Out of loyalty but also seer vanity”. “And the...

...Erica Schlecht
Professor George Dorsty
English 223
2 April 2013
A True Dharma Bum
One of the most powerful quotes in the entire book that I feel sums up what it is to be a dharma bum, “ I felt free and therefore I was free”. This quote from Ray Smith shows that a dharma bum must always believe in oneself and take the journey to becoming a Dharma bum from within. Although one can learn from fellow dharma bums such as the Saint Teresa bum, Han Shan, and Japhy the ultimate truth of being Dharma bum comes from within.
Saint Teresa Bum is the “first genuine dharma bum” that Ray Smith, the main character is Dharma Bums has ever met. The book starts off with Smith jumping into a box car where he runs into the Saint Teresa bum. The bum found a prayer written by Saint Teresa that he cut out of a reading room magazine in Los Angeles a few years before. He reads this poem to himself every single day as he roams around staying out of everyone else’s way. When Smith asked the bum about his religion he was very modest about it. Smith also noticed that the bum was much more patient than he when it came to the boxcar being so cold. Although Smith never fully reveals why he thinks he is the first true dharma bum he has met, I believe it is because he humbles Smith and teaches him more about being a true dharma bum than he could have...