The unlikely pairing of Skylab and Miss Universe: http://amyshirateitel.com/2013/08/05/skylab-and-miss-universe-an-unlikely-pairing/
For more spaceflight history, visit my website: http://amyshirateitel.com/
Connect with me on Facebook, Google+, and Twitter as @astVintageSpace

Salyut 1 First Space Station Launch atop Proton rocket

Salyut 1 was the first DOS long duration orbital station. The 'civilian' DOS station was built on basis of the military Almaz stations with the mission of beating the American Skylab in the space station race and to determine the usefulness of manned observation of the earth by 1974. DOS-1 was launched as Salyut 1 on 19 April 1971. The triumph turned to tragedy when the Soyuz-11 crew died due to de-pressurization of their re-entry capsule during return to the earth.
DOS was started only when the Soviet moon project failed, in order to beat the American Skylab to orbit. It was created using spaceframes from the Almaz military station program.

Skylab Space Station 1 Part II

Vintage NASA documentary about Skylab. Interesting comments by the astronauts early in the film about the reasons why humans should explore space. Skylab was America's only space station. It's legacy serves as a reminder of America as a great space power.

Skylab: Space Station 1 pt1-2 1973 NASA 15min

video for embedding at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/space_station_news.html
The story of Skylab told by all members of the three Skylab crews. Reviews the repair operation of the first mission. Shows medical experiments looking at man as he reacted to long-term weightlessness. Includes observations of solar flares, Comet Kohoutek, and studies of the Sun looking toward future energy production. Covers Earth studies by means of the Earth Resources Experiments Package.
part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qp_oGAmymfI
Launch date of unmanned space station: May 14, 1973
Astronauts:
May 25, 1973 Charles Conrad, Jr., Paul J. Weitz, and Joseph P. Kerwin
July 28, 1973 Alan L. Bean, Owen K. Garriott, and Jack R. Lousma
November 16, 1973 Gerald P. Carr, William R. Pogue, and Edward G. Gibson
NASA film JSC-651
This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the aspect ratio corrected and mild noise reduction & comb filter applied.
below is from "Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab" 467 page .pdf
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19840017669_1984017669.pdf
online: http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/contents.htm
Douglas got into Apollo Applications, however, by a different route. When the S-IV was superseded by the S-IVB, Douglas won the contract for the new stage, but the S-IV became obsolete. In 1962, the chief engineer for Douglas's Saturn program was put in charge of a study group to see what might be done with the S-IV. The group suggested making it into a small orbiting laboratory.
Exactly how the spent-stage idea jumped the gap between Marshall and Douglas-if it did-is not clear. There were plenty of opportunities. Von Braun traced the origin of Skylab to this first S-IV study, believing it resulted from prodding by Marshall engineers who "were thinking along similar lines at the time." Heinz Koelle remembered discussing a spent-stage idea with von Braun in 1960 and thought von Braun discussed the idea with Douglas engineers, probably in 1961...
Initially the idea was a simple undertaking in which an Apollo spacecraft would dock with a spent S-IVB. The crew would go inside to experiment with extravehicular mobility techniques in a protected environment. This could be done without major change to the S-IVB and without pressurizing it; two suited astronauts with cameras and portable lights could gather the necessary data. There was interest in doing more, however: pressurizing the tank and using its 281 -cubic-meter volume for living quarters. Ideally a continuing program could be started, with later flights building on and adding to the results of earlier ones. Marshall saw considerable potential in spent stages and regarded them as logical candidates for Extended Apollo-candidates for which Marshall should logically have the responsibility...
Parallel to the efforts to define the workshop, the Office of Space Science and Applications (OSSA) was developing a fiajor scientific project that would cause a major change in Apollo Applications. Called the Apollo telescope mount, this would be the first astronomical facility to use man as an in-orbit observer. One of its major purposes, in fact, was to determine how useful a man could be at the controls of a sophisticated set of instruments in orbit...
It seemed that the only solution was to provide a way for the telescope module to dock with the workshop... With the addition of the multiple docking adapter to the workshop and airlock, the nature of Apollo Applications missions was fundamentally changed. Planners began to speak of the "orbital cluster" as a core that could sustain a variety of missions...
At NASA Headquarters, interest in a dry workshop revived briefly in the first weeks of 1969. With payload weight and stowage space becoming critical for the cluster missions, the weight-lifting capacity of the Saturn V was too tempting to ignore any Longer, and the success of Apollo 8 raised the hope that a Saturn V could be spared from the Apollo program. John Disher presented a plan to use a Saturn V in place of a IB to the Management Council on 5 February; the intent was to cut the cost of the cluster missions by launching all the modules at once...
The decision to drop the wet workshop had effectively been made by the end of June. Formalization soon followed. Paine signed the project approval document change on 18 July 1969...
NASA, Skylab, MSFC, space station, S-IVB, Saturn V, Saturn IB, EVA, astronaut, space, space program, Earth orbit, orbit, solar astronomy, Project Apollo, Apollo

The Skylab Legacy -- Long Duration Space Flight

Skylab's May 14, 1973 launch into low-Earth orbit was the nation's first foray into significant scientific research in microgravity. The three Skylab crews proved humans could live and work effectively for long durations in space. This NASA video recounts the history of the program and showcases Skylab's legacy as a major stepping stone to the successful construction and operation of the International Space Station and future long-duration human missions to asteroids, Mars and other destinations.

From Skylab to the Space Station - Science in Orbit | NASA HD Video

Visit my website at http://www.junglejoel.com - Skylab was America's first space station, setting the stage for the work conducted today on the ISS. Please rate and comment, thanks!
Credits: NASA

video for embedding at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/space_station_news.html
The story of Skylab told by all members of the three Skylab crews. Reviews the repair operation of the first mission. Shows medical experiments looking at man as he reacted to long-term weightlessness. Includes observations of solar flares, Comet Kohoutek, and studies of the Sun looking toward future energy production. Covers Earth studies by means of the Earth Resources Experiments Package.
part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hkIqGmb_t4Y
Launch date of unmanned space station: May 14, 1973
Astronauts:
May 25, 1973 Charles Conrad, Jr., Paul J. Weitz, and Joseph P. Kerwin
July 28, 1973 Alan L. Bean, Owen K. Garriott, and Jack R. Lousma
November 16, 1973 Gerald P. Carr, William R. Pogue, and Edward G. Gibson
NASA film JSC-651
This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the aspect ratio corrected and mild noise reduction & comb filter applied.
below is from "Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab" 467 page .pdf
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19840017669_1984017669.pdf
online: http://history.nasa.gov/SP-4208/contents.htm
Douglas got into Apollo Applications, however, by a different route. When the S-IV was superseded by the S-IVB, Douglas won the contract for the new stage, but the S-IV became obsolete. In 1962, the chief engineer for Douglas's Saturn program was put in charge of a study group to see what might be done with the S-IV. The group suggested making it into a small orbiting laboratory.
Exactly how the spent-stage idea jumped the gap between Marshall and Douglas-if it did-is not clear. There were plenty of opportunities. Von Braun traced the origin of Skylab to this first S-IV study, believing it resulted from prodding by Marshall engineers who "were thinking along similar lines at the time." Heinz Koelle remembered discussing a spent-stage idea with von Braun in 1960 and thought von Braun discussed the idea with Douglas engineers, probably in 1961...
Initially the idea was a simple undertaking in which an Apollo spacecraft would dock with a spent S-IVB. The crew would go inside to experiment with extravehicular mobility techniques in a protected environment. This could be done without major change to the S-IVB and without pressurizing it; two suited astronauts with cameras and portable lights could gather the necessary data. There was interest in doing more, however: pressurizing the tank and using its 281 -cubic-meter volume for living quarters. Ideally a continuing program could be started, with later flights building on and adding to the results of earlier ones. Marshall saw considerable potential in spent stages and regarded them as logical candidates for Extended Apollo-candidates for which Marshall should logically have the responsibility...
Parallel to the efforts to define the workshop, the Office of Space Science and Applications (OSSA) was developing a fiajor scientific project that would cause a major change in Apollo Applications. Called the Apollo telescope mount, this would be the first astronomical facility to use man as an in-orbit observer. One of its major purposes, in fact, was to determine how useful a man could be at the controls of a sophisticated set of instruments in orbit...
It seemed that the only solution was to provide a way for the telescope module to dock with the workshop... With the addition of the multiple docking adapter to the workshop and airlock, the nature of Apollo Applications missions was fundamentally changed. Planners began to speak of the "orbital cluster" as a core that could sustain a variety of missions...
At NASA Headquarters, interest in a dry workshop revived briefly in the first weeks of 1969. With payload weight and stowage space becoming critical for the cluster missions, the weight-lifting capacity of the Saturn V was too tempting to ignore any Longer, and the success of Apollo 8 raised the hope that a Saturn V could be spared from the Apollo program. John Disher presented a plan to use a Saturn V in place of a IB to the Management Council on 5 February; the intent was to cut the cost of the cluster missions by launching all the modules at once...
The decision to drop the wet workshop had effectively been made by the end of June. Formalization soon followed. Paine signed the project approval document change on 18 July 1969...
NASA, Skylab, MSFC, space station, S-IVB, Saturn V, Saturn IB, EVA, astronaut, space, space program, Earth orbit, orbit, solar astronomy, Project Apollo, Apollo

NASA's Launch of Saturn V Skylab Space Station May 1973 from NASA TV

From the NASA broadcast of the launch, this is video of the launch of Saturn V Skylab 1 Space Station May 1973

Skylab Space Station 1 Part I

Vintage NASA documentary about Skylab. Interesting comments by the astronauts early in the film about the reasons why humans should explore space. Skylab was America's only space station. It's legacy serves as a reminder of America as a great space power.

Skylab 1973 - First American Space Station

http://www.spacechronology.com
NASA/courtesy of nasaimages.org
Skylab program objectives were twofold: To prove that humans could live and work in space for extended periods, and to expand our knowledge of solar astronomy well beyond Earth-based observations.

40th Anniversary of Launch of Skylab, America's First Space Station

This video is a film transfer and contains no sound.
May 14 marks the 40th anniversary of the launch of America's first space station. Skylab launched into low-Earth orbit on May 14, 1973. It was the nation's first foray into significant scientific research in microgravity. The three Skylab crews proved humans could live and work effectively for long durations in space. The knowledge gathered during Skylab helped inform development and construction of the International Space Station (ISS), just as the research and technology demonstrations being conducted aboard the ISS will help shape a new set of missions that will take Americans farther into the solar system.

Skylab - Orbiter Space Flight Simulator 2010

http://www.facebook.com/orbiterfilmmaker
Facebook. Advances, pictures, details, comments.
Skylab was a space station launched and operated by NASA and was the U.S.'s first space station. Skylab orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. It was launched unmanned by a modified Saturn V rocket, with a mass of 169,950 pounds. Three manned missions to the station, conducted between 1973 and 1974 using the Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) atop the smaller Saturn IB, each delivered a three-astronaut crew. On the third mission, an additional Apollo / Saturn IB stood by, ready for launch if needed to rescue the crew in orbit.
The station was damaged during launch when the micrometeoroid shield separated from the workshop and tore away, taking one of two main solar panel arrays with it and jamming the other one so that it could not deploy. This deprived Skylab of most of its electrical power, and also removed protection from intense solar heating, threatening to make it unusable. The first crew was able to save it in the first ever in-space major repair, by deploying a replacement heat shade and freeing the jammed solar panels.
Numerous scientific experiments were conducted aboard Skylab during its operational life, and crews were able to confirm the existence of coronal holes in the Sun. The Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP), was used to view the Earth with sensors that recorded data in the visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Thousands of photographs of Earth were taken, and records for human time spent in orbit were extended.
Plans were made to refurbish and reuse Skylab, using the Space Shuttle to boost its orbit and repair it. However, development of the Shuttle was delayed, and Skylab reentered Earth's atmosphere and disintegrated in 1979, with debris striking portions of Western Australia.

Skylab space station, (40th-1973), "Build A Space Station", BBC

INFO. WIKIPEDIA: Skylab was a space station launched and operated by NASA (the space agency of the United States) and was the U.S.'s first space station. Skylab orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. It was launched unmanned by a modified Saturn V rocket, with a mass of 169,950 pounds (77 t).[1] Three manned missions to the station, conducted between 1973 and 1974 using the Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) atop the smaller Saturn IB, each delivered a three-astronaut crew. On the last two manned missions, an additional Apollo / Saturn IB stood by ready to rescue the crew in orbit if it was needed.
Skylab included the Apollo Telescope Mount, which was a multi-spectral solar observatory, Multiple Docking Adapter (with two docking ports), Airlock Module with EVA hatches, and the Orbital Workshop, the main habitable volume. Electrical power came from solar arrays, as well as fuel cells in the docked Apollo CSM. The rear of the station included a large waste tank, propellant tanks for maneuvering jets, and a heat radiator.
The station was damaged during launch when the micrometeoroid shield separated from the workshop and tore away, taking one of two main solar panel arrays with it and jamming the other one so that it could not deploy. This deprived Skylab of most of its electrical power, and also removed protection from intense solar heating, threatening to make it unusable. The first crew was able to save it in the first ever in-space major repair, by deploying a replacement heat shade and freeing the jammed solar panels.

Skylab Space Station - 40th Anniversary

SKYLAB SALUTED - MSFC. NASA Marshall. And, employees of the Marshall Space Flight Center commemorated this year's 40th anniversary of Skylab by hosting five astronauts who flew on America's first space station, Joe Kerwin, Paul Weitz, Ed Gibson, Gerald Carr and Jack Lousma shared their stories and highlights from their missions aboard Skylab. From May 1973 to February 1974, three crews occupied Skylab, a Saturn V rocket modified at Marshall. Its nine astronaut residents conducted human-adaptation and materials experiments, as well as scientific studies of the Earth, sun, and stars. The research they performed on Skylab then enabled the ground-breaking science being studied now aboard the International Space Station for the benefit of humankind.

Wonderful Space - International Space Station (ISS)

The International Space Station (ISS) is a habitable artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. It follows the Salyut, Almaz, Skylab and Mir stations as the ninth space station to be inhabited. The ISS is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. Like many artificial satellites, the station can be seen from Earth with the naked eye.

Skylab Space Station And Miller Dial

Skylab was the United States' first space station, and the second space station visited by a human crew. It was also the only space station NASA launched alone. The 100-ton space station was in Earth's orbit from 1973 to 1979 and it was visited by crews three times in 1973 and 1974. The objectives of the Skylab program was to prove that humans could live and work in space for extended periods, and to expand our knowledge of solar astronomy well beyond Earth-based observations.
Ultimately, the Skylab program was a success in all respects and represents a major milestone in U.S. space exploration history. It was the site of nearly 300 scientific and technical experiments.
Miller Dial, continuing it's tradition of supporting the NASA and U.S. space missions was selected to provide all of the nameplates on the Skylab as well as the three missions that utilized Skylab.
In total Miller Dial provided more then 2,000 separate nameplates for the Skylab spacecraft and for the three missions that visited and lived on Skylab.
http://bit.ly/arnbdY

Smoke Detector developed for the first space station Skylab. NASA Innovation -3

Skylab was America's first space station, taking scientific research to new heights and proving humankind could live and work in space for long periods of time. Skylab set the stage for the work conducted today on the International Space Station, where scientists use more advanced technology, a foundation of knowledge and more time to conduct experiments in space, free from Earth's gravity. This work can be applied to benefit humankind both on Earth and in space, as we prepare to explore deeper into our solar system.

Experiments Aboard the Skylab Space Station

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During a special presentation at NASA Headquarters, the agency commemorated the 40th anniversary of Skylab, America's first space station. The program featured Skylab astronauts, a current astronaut and agency managers planning future space missions.
NASA launched Skylab on May 14, 1973. It was the nation's first foray into significant scientific research in microgravity. The three Skylab crews proved humans could live and work effectively for long durations in space. The knowledge gathered during Skylab helped inform development and construction of the International Space Station, just as the research and technology demonstrations being conducted aboard the ISS will help shape a new set of missions that will take Americans farther into the solar system.

SKYLAB Space Station Wreckage... (or was it a UFO Crash?)

Just after midnight local time on the 12th July 1979, 77 Tonnes of Skylab space station re-entered the earths atmosphere travelling at 28000km/h and crashed on Western Australias south east coast, scattering debris across the Nullarbor and Eastern Goldfields region. Some of this wreckage is located at the Esperance Museum...

NASA SKYLAB SPACE STATION PUBLICITY FILM 71912

Produced prior to the launch of Skylab, this publicity film featuring astronauts Charles "Pete" Conrad, Joseph P. Kerwin and Paul J. Weitz, gives an overview of the space station and its mission. Skylab was a space station launched and operated by NASA and was the United States' first space station. Skylab orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. It was launched unmanned by a modified Saturn V rocket, with a weight of 169,950 pounds (77 t). Three manned missions to the station, conducted between 1973 and 1974 using the Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) atop the smaller Saturn IB, each delivered a three-astronaut crew. On the last two manned missions, an additional Apollo / Saturn IB stood by ready to rescue the crew in orbit if it was needed.
The station was damaged during launch when the micrometeoroid shield separated from the workshop and tore away, taking one of two main solar panel arrays with it and jamming the other one so that it could not deploy. This deprived Skylab of most of its electrical power, and also removed protection from intense solar heating, threatening to make it unusable. The first crew was able to save it in the first in-space major repair, by deploying a replacement heat shade and freeing the jammed solar panels.
Skylab included the Apollo Telescope Mount, which was a multi-spectral solar observatory, Multiple Docking Adapter (with two docking ports), Airlock Module with EVA hatches, and the Orbital Workshop, the main habitable volume. Electrical power came from solar arrays, as well as fuel cells in the docked Apollo CSM. The rear of the station included a large waste tank, propellant tanks for maneuvering jets, and a heat radiator.
Numerous scientific experiments were conducted aboard Skylab during its operational life, and crews were able to confirm the existence of coronal holes in the Sun. The Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP) was used to view the Earth with sensors that recorded data in the visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Thousands of photographs of Earth were taken, and records for human time spent in orbit were extended. Plans were made to refurbish and reuse Skylab, using the Space Shuttle to boost its orbit and repair it. However, development of the Shuttle was delayed, and Skylab reentered Earth's atmosphere and disintegrated in 1979, with debris striking portions of Western Australia. Post-Skylab NASA space laboratory projects included Spacelab, Shuttle-Mir, and Space Station Freedom (later merged into the International Space Station).
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This film is part of the Periscope Film LLC archive, one of the largest historic military, transportation, and aviation stock footage collections in the USA. Entirely film backed, this material is available for licensing in 24p HD and 2k. For more information visit http://www.PeriscopeFilm.com

video for embedding at http://scitech.quickfound.net/
Skylab 1, the unmanned launch of the Skylab space station, and Skylab 2, the first crew, who spent 28 days in orbit, are covered by this video.
Skylab 2 crew: Pete Conrad (Charles Conrad, Jr.), Paul J. Weitz, Joseph P. Kerwin
"This video records the launch of unmanned Skylab-1 on May 14, 1973 and the major problems resulting from the loss of the meteoroid heat shield. Also shown is the fabrication of materials and the equipment used in the repair operation, followed by the installation of the parasol after the launch and docking of the manned SL-2 with the SL-1 workshop. The onboard sequences of daily work routines and some of the experiments are included."
This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the black borders removed and the aspect ratio corrected.
part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=un7UibzUQnA
Skylab Lessons Learned as Applicable to a Large Space Station (1976):
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19760022256_1976022256.pdf
"Skylab consisted of several modules, each with a specific function (at least originally) and each manufactured by a different industrial organization.
The largest segment, the orbital workshop served as the main living area and contained eating, sleeping, and waste management facilities. In addition, the workshop contained the medical experiment area and storage of several
other experiments. Attached to this section was the section known as the Airlock Module. This section served as the "engine room," with the controls for the electrical power and environmental control systems located here. It also contained the hatch for the flight crews to egress the space station in orbit for extravehicular activities, hence the name, Airlock. Connected to the Airlock Module was the Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), which contained the docking mechanism for accommodating the repeated visits of the ferry module (the Apollo Command and Service Module), as well as the auxiliary docking mechanism needed for potential rescue missions. The MDA also contained the majority of the earth resource experiments as well as the control panels for the solar observation experiments. The final module which contained these solar instruments was designated the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM). In orbit the ATM was solar oriented with its axis perpendicular to the major axis of the space station. (During the launch phase, the ATM was oriented along the major axis and was covered, along with MDA and the Airlock, by a protective shroud.
The space station, that is the workshop, A/L, MIA, ATM, all supporting equipment, all consumables and experiments, was placed into orbit using the first two stages of the Saturn V rocket. The launch was from Pad A. Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on May 14, 1973 , at 1730 GMT.
Skylab was manned for three periods by separate three-man crews. The periods of occupancy were 28, 59, and 84 days, all of which occurred during a 9-month active life of the spacecraft. The crews were launched in a modified Apollo Command and Service Module (CSM) using a Saturn IB launch vehicle. The Saturn IB, a two-stage booster, was launched from Pad B of Complex 39. Recovery of the Command Module, the crews, and the returned experimental data was in the Pacific Ocean in an area west of San Diego, California. Launch of the first manned mission was at 1300 GMT on May 25, the second launch was at 1110 GMT on July 28, and the final manned launch was at 1401 GMT on November 16, 1973."
Skylab, NASA, space program, space station, Project Apollo, Apollo program, spacecraft, space station, ATM, MDA, earth orbit, orbit, astronauts, spacewalk, Skylab 1, Skylab 2

Skylab Space Station

Features much of the early footage of the effects of weightlessness on astronauts as they work, exercise and perform acrobatics in the large space station. Skylab was NASA’s first space station. The 77-tonne outpost was in Earth orbit from 1973 to 1979 and was visited by crews three times from 1973 to 1974.

Apollo Skylab 1 Launch May 14, 1973.mp4

Skylab was a space station launched and operated by NASA, the space agency of the United States. Skylab orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. It was launched, initially unmanned, by a modified Saturn V rocket, and weighed about 77 metric tons in orbit by itself. Three manned missions to the station, conducted between 1973 and 1974 by an Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) atop the smaller Saturn IB, each delivered a three-astronaut crew. During that time, an additional Saturn IB was on standby for rescuing those in orbit.
Numerous scientific experiments were conducted aboard Skylab during its operational life, and crews were able to confirm the existence of coronal holes in the Sun. Thousands of photographs of Earth were taken, and records for human time spent in orbit were extended. Plans were drawn up to refurbish and reuse Skylab, using the Space Shuttle to boost its orbit and repair it; however, in 1979, before the shuttle was ready, Skylab reentered Earth's atmosphere and disintegrated, with debris striking portions of Western Australia.

Skylab History: Four Rooms Earth View pt1-2 197x NASA 15min

NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJEqP-CqiUU
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/space_station_news.html
"Skylab was the first U.S. manned space station. This is the story of the three missions and the nine astronauts who occupied the manned laboratory for a total of 171 days." Narrated by E. G. Marshall.
NASA film Hq-239
"The Skylab was the Free World's first experimental space station preceded only by a far less sophisticated space station, also experimental in nature, the Salyut of the Soviet Union. Both vehicles were similar in many respects--both contained working areas, the experiment descriptions were similar, both were revisited. However, the space stations were dissimilar in size, Skylab containing 11,300 cubic feet and Salyut 3,500 cubic feet. Salyut apparently has a propulsion system, whereas Skylab did not.
The maximum mission duration for Salyut was 26 days, whereas Skylab extended manned space experience to 84 days. Skylab was stabilized by attitude thrusters. Skylab proved the utility of long-duration manned flight in low earth orbit...
The space station, Skylab consisted of several modules, each with a specific function (at least originally) and each manufactured by a different industrial organization. The largest segment, the orbital workshop, served as the main living area and contained eating, sleeping, and waste management facilities. In addition, the workshop contained the medical experiment area and storage of several other experiments.
Attached to this section was the section known as the Airlock Module. This section served as the "engine room," with the controls for the electrical power and environmental control systems located here. It also contained the hatch for the flight crews to egress the space station in orbit for extravehicular activities, hence the name, Airlock.
Connected to the Airlock Module was the Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), which contained the docking mechanism for accommodating the repeated visits of the ferry module (the Apollo Command and Service Module), as well as the auxiliary docking mechanism needed for potential rescue missions. The MDA also contained the majority of the earth resource experiments as well as the control panels for the solar observation experiments.
The final module which contained these solar instruments was designated the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM). In orbit the ATM was solar oriented with its axis perpendicular to the major axis of the space station. (During the launch phase, the ATM was oriented along the major axis and was covered, along with MDA and the Airlock, by a protective shroud.
The space station, that is the workshop, A/L, MIA, ATM, all supporting equipment, all consumables and experiments, was placed into orbit using the first two stages of the Saturn V rocket. The launch was from Pad A. Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on May 14, 1973 , at 17:30 GMT (Greenwich Mean Time)."
Skylab: lessons learned as applicable to a large space station, 1967-1974
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19760022256_1976022256.pdf
This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the aspect ratio corrected and mild noise reduction applied.
NASA, Skylab, space station, Saturn V, Saturn IB, EVA, spacewalk, astronauts, space program, Project Apollo, Apollo program, S-IVB, solar astronomy

Spaceship Skylab: Wings of Discovery

Vintage NASA film on the mission of Skylab. Skylab was impressive in size and could have served long beyond the three missions that visited the station. Little known fact was that it was hoped Skylab would be a home for the Space Shuttle to dock. Unfortunately, delays in the Shuttle combined with unusual solar activity swelled Earth's atmosphere creating excess drag on the station causing it to deorbit before the Shuttle could save it. During that time America was as it is today without a launch capability to have reached the station and boosted its orbit.
The Shuttle missed saving Skylab by about two years. It certainly would have altered the space program had Skylab been saved and the Shuttle had a destination in space. Politics would keep the Shuttle and America without a Space Station far longer than anyone could have imagined.

Skylab 4 Over the Great Lakes in Winter

Skylab 4 (also SL-4 and SLM-3[2]) was the third manned Skylab mission and placed the third and final crew aboard the first American space station.
The mission started on November 16, 1973 with the launch of three astronauts on a Saturn IB rocket from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida and lasted 84 days, one hour and 16 minutes. A total of 6,051 astronaut-utilization hours were tallied by Skylab 4 astronauts performing scientific experiments in the areas of medical activities, solar observations, Earth resources, observation of the Comet Kohoutek and other experiments.
The manned Skylab missions were officially designated Skylab 2, 3, and 4. Mis-communication about the numbering resulted in the mission emblems reading Skylab I, Skylab II, and Skylab 3 respectively.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylab_4
S110

Skylab: The First 40 Days pt2-2 1973 NASA 9min

video for embedding at http://quickfound.net/
Skylab 1, the unmanned launch of the Skylab space station, and Skylab 2, the first crew, who spent 28 days in orbit, are covered by this video.
Skylab 2 crew: Pete Conrad (Charles Conrad, Jr.), Paul J. Weitz, Joseph P. Kerwin
"This video records the launch of unmanned Skylab-1 on May 14, 1973 and the major problems resulting from the loss of the meteoroid heat shield. Also shown is the fabrication of materials and the equipment used in the repair operation, followed by the installation of the parasol after the launch and docking of the manned SL-2 with the SL-1 workshop. The onboard sequences of daily work routines and some of the experiments are included."
This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the black borders removed and the aspect ratio corrected.
part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jby_eoWDoWg
Skylab Lessons Learned as Applicable to a Large Space Station (1976):
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19760022256_1976022256.pdf
"Skylab consisted of several modules, each with a specific function (at least originally) and each manufactured by a different industrial organization.
The largest segment, the orbital workshop served as the main living area and contained eating, sleeping, and waste management facilities. In addition, the workshop contained the medical experiment area and storage of several
other experiments. Attached to this section was the section known as the Airlock Module. This section served as the "engine room," with the controls for the electrical power and environmental control systems located here. It also contained the hatch for the flight crews to egress the space station in orbit for extravehicular activities, hence the name, Airlock. Connected to the Airlock Module was the Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA), which contained the docking mechanism for accommodating the repeated visits of the ferry module (the Apollo Command and Service Module), as well as the auxiliary docking mechanism needed for potential rescue missions. The MDA also contained the majority of the earth resource experiments as well as the control panels for the solar observation experiments. The final module which contained these solar instruments was designated the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM). In orbit the ATM was solar oriented with its axis perpendicular to the major axis of the space station. (During the launch phase, the ATM was oriented along the major axis and was covered, along with MDA and the Airlock, by a protective shroud.
The space station, that is the workshop, A/L, MIA, ATM, all supporting equipment, all consumables and experiments, was placed into orbit using the first two stages of the Saturn V rocket. The launch was from Pad A. Complex 39, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on May 14, 1973 , at 1730 GMT.
Skylab was manned for three periods by separate three-man crews. The periods of occupancy were 28, 59, and 84 days, all of which occurred during a 9-month active life of the spacecraft. The crews were launched in a modified Apollo Command and Service Module (CSM) using a Saturn IB launch vehicle. The Saturn IB, a two-stage booster, was launched from Pad B of Complex 39. Recovery of the Command Module, the crews, and the returned experimental data was in the Pacific Ocean in an area west of San Diego, California. Launch of the first manned mission was at 1300 GMT on May 25, the second launch was at 1110 GMT on July 28, and the final manned launch was at 1401 GMT on November 16, 1973."
Skylab, NASA, space program, space station, Project Apollo, Apollo program, spacecraft, space station, ATM, MDA, earth orbit, orbit, astronauts, spacewalk, Skylab 1, Skylab 2

KerbalOdyssey is my attempt to revisit and expand upon space history using Kerbal Space Program, with the help of the FASA, Skylab, Soyuz/Salyut, and HexTruss mods.
In Part 5, we conclude "What if we did not abandon Skylab" by linking a Russian Salyut station to it, completing the first international space station, decades early.
Future expansions to the station will continue in a less lengthy montage format.
Next Episode: "Can Direct Ascent work on the Moon?"

Astronaut Jerry Carr says bolts and loose parts that shouldn't have been in his space capsule floated up in front of him during his trip to America's first space station, Skylab. That's in this edition of Tell Me a Story from the Rocket Garden inside the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex.

APOLLO SKYLAB 1, the last Saturn 5

2 days before the launch, the last Saturn 5 with Skylab space station on the pad 39a and Skylab 2-Saturn 1b on the pad 39b in the backgroud, May 12, 1973, filmed with super 8 movie camera, no sound. [email protected]
Dan Beaumont report

Skylab 3 - Tour of Skylab (PT 1)

Astronaut Jack Lousma takes viewers on a tour of the Skylab Space Station in this 45 minute broadcast. Part 1 of 5.

NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2M3PnV2dXwU
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/
"Included are observations of student experiments (the Minchmog minnows and Arabella, the spider), observations of student experiments, exercise routines, and the enabling of the Earth Resources Experiments Package. Also shown is planet Earth documentation, manned operation of the Apollo Telescope Mount for observations of the Sun and beyond, outside EVA activity, testing of the Astronaut Maneuvering Unit, experiments to explore industrial uses of space, and the Skylab living routine."
part 1: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoPohFoRgug
part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCqrEdfyoSE
Skylab Lessons Learned as Applicable to a Large Space Station (1976):
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19760022256_1976022256.pdf
The second manned launch occurred on July 28, 1973, at 11:10:50.5 GMT (7:10:50.5 EDT). The crew, Astronauts Alan Bean, Dr. Owen Garriott, and Jack Lousma, was scheduled to remain in orbit for 59 days (the original 56-day mission was extended 3 days to obtain a more favorable recovery location. Since Skylab had a ground track which repeated every 5 days, the same location was possible on day 54or day 59. The good physical condition of the Skylab 1 crew was used by the Program Director to extend the mission
to 59 days rather than shortening the mission...
The Command and Service Module was inserted in a 154.7 km by 231.3 km orbit by the Saturn 1B. The required rendezvous maneuvers were performed and at about 8 hours after liftoff the station keeping with the workshop began,
with docking occurring about 30 minutes later. This time docking went smoothly. However, during the rendezvous maneuvers, a leak in one of the service module reaction control system thruster valves (oxidizer) was noted...
On the sixth day of the mission, a leak was discovered in a second reaction control system oxidizer line. This leak was in quad D. The propulsion system was isolated and inhibited. Since two of the four quads were now inoperative, it became necessary to redefine control modes, entry techniques, and deorbit procedures. Modifications to the procedures were quickly developed in the mission simulator...
The Program Director elected to activate the Skylab Rescue Vehicle. This called for the personnel at the launch site to begin around-the-clock activities in the preparations for the next launch.
(The preplanned rescue mode required the next in line mission to be launched with only two crewmen and with a specially designed rescue kit which permitted five crewmen to return to Earth. After launch, a normal rendezvous was to be followed by a docking at the rescue docking hatch located in the multiple docking adapter. After docking, the five crewmen were expected to enter the Command Module, separate from the workshop, and perform a normal reentry.)...
On the tenth day of the second manned mission, the first of many extravehicular activities was performed to deploy the MSFC twin pole thermal shield over the parasol. As previously explained, the high-packing density needed for the parasol precluded the addition of coatings to prevent
deterioration by ultraviolet radiation. Accelerated tests were conducted to determine the extent of the degradation, but the tests were inconclusive. After considerable debate, (the developers of the parasol were convinced it would last throughout the mission) the Program Director elected to follow the conservative course of action and cover the parasol with the new shield which had an adequate coating...
The second mission proved, again, the versatility of man in that considerable unplanned and planned maintenance activities were conducted. The tape recorder, for example, was disassembled and repaired, circuit boards were replaced in the video tape recorder, and finally, during a second EVA, the drifting rate gyro package on the solar observatory was bypassed and replaced by a new package inside the docking adapter.
The crew performance in the second manned mission was particularly energetic, and they worked long and hard to recover the time lost at the beginning of the mission when they experienced the motion sickness. As a result, the experiment operations soon exceeded the planned activities. Thirty-nine earth resources passes were executed and over 305 hours of solar viewing were accomplished....
This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the black borders removed and the aspect ratio corrected.
Skylab, NASA, space program, space station, Project Apollo, Apollo program, spacecraft, space station, ATM, MDA, earth orbit, orbit, astronauts, spacewalk, Skylab 3

Skylab 40th Anniversary

Skylab 40th Anniversary: LIVING OFF EARTH -- HQ. Skylab. "Living Off Earth," a special presentation at NASA Headquarters commemorated the 40th anniversary of Skylab, America's first space station. Panelists included two Skylab astronauts and Expedition 34 Commander Kevin Ford. Discussion centered on the contribution of Skylab to long duration space flight missions like those conducted aboard the International Space Station.
Kevin Ford, Expedition 34 Commander: "The space station was built around what we learned from Skylab; what they put up there for us; the way the modules were sized and the way they were constructed in space and all that kind of stuff came out of what we learned from Skylab."
And the lessons learned from Skylab will also help us venture farther into space on future missions of exploration, such as the recently announced initiative to send humans to study an asteroid by 2025.
Owen Garriott, Ph.D., Skylab 3 Science Pilot: If we're -- NASA is allowed to continue and persist in this direction and with the proper funding to do it; then NASA will continue to be successful as they have been all the way from Skylab, Shuttle and space station as well."
.

SKYLAB

Skylab was a space station launched and operated by NASA (the space agency of the United States) and was the U.S.'s first space station. Skylab orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. It was launched unmanned by a modified Saturn V rocket, with a mass of 169,950 pounds (77 t).[1] Three manned missions to the station, conducted between 1973 and 1974 using the Apollo Command/Service Module (CSM) atop the smaller Saturn IB, each delivered a three-astronaut crew. On the third mission, an additional Apollo / Saturn IB stood by, ready for launch if needed to rescue the crew in orbit.
Skylab included an Apollo Telescope Mount (a multi-spectral solar observatory), Multiple Docking Adapter with two docking ports, Airlock Module with EVA hatches, and the Orbital Workshop, the main habitable volume of the station. Power came from solar arrays, as well as fuel cells in the docked Apollo CSM. The rear of the station included a large waste tank, propellant tanks for maneuvering jets, and a heat radiator.
The station was damaged at launch when the micrometeoroid shield separated from the station and tore away, depriving the station of most of its power, removing protection from intense solar heating, and threatening to make the station unusable. The first crew was able to save it in the first ever in-space major repair, by deploying a replacement heat shade and freeing the single remaining, jammed main solar array.
Numerous scientific experiments were conducted aboard Skylab during its operational life, and crews were able to confirm the existence of coronal holes in the Sun. The Earth Resources Experiment Package (EREP), was used to view the Earth with sensors that recorded data in the visible, infrared, and microwave spectral regions. Thousands of photographs of Earth were taken, and records for human time spent in orbit were extended.
Plans were made to refurbish and reuse Skylab, using the Space Shuttle to boost its orbit and repair it. However, development of the Shuttle was delayed, and Skylab reentered Earth's atmosphere and disintegrated in 1979, with debris striking portions of Western Australia.
After Skylab's demise, the focus shifted to the reusable Spacelab module, an orbital workshop that could be deployed from the Space Shuttle and returned to Earth. The next American space station project was Space Station Freedom, which was never completed, although it eventually led to the construction of the US Orbital Segment of the International Space Station, starting in 1998. Shuttle-Mir was another project, and led to the U.S. funding Spektr, Priroda, and the Mir Docking Module in the 1990s.

Skylab 3 - Tour of Skylab (PT 2)

Astronaut Jack Lousma takes viewers on a tour of the Skylab Space Station in this 45 minute broadcast. Part 2 of 5.

40th Anniversary of Skylab Launch: May 14, 1973

40th Anniversary of Skylab Launch: May 14, 1973 - HQ. Skylab, the nation's first space station, launched aboard a Saturn V rocket 40 years ago on May 14, 1973. The three crews that completed missions aboard the experimental facility not only set successive new records for long-duration spaceflight, but also completed about 300 experiments covering physical and biomedical science and Earth and space applications. The Skylab program also yielded knowledge that was eventually used in development of the International Space Station; just as the work being performed on the ISS now is helping NASA develop new missions that will extend our reach farther into the solar system. Bill Barry, NASA Chief Historian: "As humans move outward into deeper space exploration, we'll probably learn things that we weren't expecting to learn, just as we did in Skylab -- and now in ISS, the next things we do will be just as astounding the step from Skylab to ISS is." After the final crew left Skylab in February 1974 the empty spacecraft circled the Earth until it de-orbited in July 1979.

Skylab Module

Johnson Space Center's mockup of the SKYLAB space station (1973-1979).
Truly one of the most under-rated space projects, perhaps lost in all the Apollo fuss! But some great space science was done in these modules, and I'm glad they added this huge display...
Sponsored by the sister-websites:
http://pillownaut.blogspot.com/
http://pillownaut.com/

APOLLO, SKYLAB 2 on the pad 39b

Skylab 2 on the top of Saturn 1b, a day after the last launch of Saturn 5 with a space station Skylab 1, may 15, 1973. Day shots and night shots. Filmed with Bell and Howell super 8 movie camera. no audio. Dan Beaumont report.

Skylab 3 - Tour of Skylab (PT 4)

Astronaut Jack Lousma takes viewers on a tour of the Skylab Space Station in this 45 minute broadcast. Part 4 of 5.

NEW VERSION in one piece instead of multiple parts, and with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2M3PnV2dXwU
more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/
"Included are observations of student experiments (the Minchmog minnows and Arabella, the spider), observations of student experiments, exercise routines, and the enabling of the Earth Resources Experiments Package. Also shown is planet Earth documentation, manned operation of the Apollo Telescope Mount for observations of the Sun and beyond, outside EVA activity, testing of the Astronaut Maneuvering Unit, experiments to explore industrial uses of space, and the Skylab living routine."
part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCqrEdfyoSE
part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCbjte0u9hU
Skylab Lessons Learned as Applicable to a Large Space Station (1976):
http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19760022256_1976022256.pdf
The second manned launch occurred on July 28, 1973, at 11:10:50.5 GMT (7:10:50.5 EDT). The crew, Astronauts Alan Bean, Dr. Owen Garriott, and Jack Lousma, was scheduled to remain in orbit for 59 days (the original 56-day mission was extended 3 days to obtain a more favorable recovery location. Since Skylab had a ground track which repeated every 5 days, the same location was possible on day 54or day 59. The good physical condition of the Skylab 1 crew was used by the Program Director to extend the mission
to 59 days rather than shortening the mission...
The Command and Service Module was inserted in a 154.7 km by 231.3 km orbit by the Saturn 1B. The required rendezvous maneuvers were performed and at about 8 hours after liftoff the station keeping with the workshop began,
with docking occurring about 30 minutes later. This time docking went smoothly. However, during the rendezvous maneuvers, a leak in one of the service module reaction control system thruster valves (oxidizer) was noted...
On the sixth day of the mission, a leak was discovered in a second reaction control system oxidizer line. This leak was in quad D. The propulsion system was isolated and inhibited. Since two of the four quads were now inoperative, it became necessary to redefine control modes, entry techniques, and deorbit procedures. Modifications to the procedures were quickly developed in the mission simulator...
The Program Director elected to activate the Skylab Rescue Vehicle. This called for the personnel at the launch site to begin around-the-clock activities in the preparations for the next launch.
(The preplanned rescue mode required the next in line mission to be launched with only two crewmen and with a specially designed rescue kit which permitted five crewmen to return to Earth. After launch, a normal rendezvous was to be followed by a docking at the rescue docking hatch located in the multiple docking adapter. After docking, the five crewmen were expected to enter the Command Module, separate from the workshop, and perform a normal reentry.)...
On the tenth day of the second manned mission, the first of many extravehicular activities was performed to deploy the MSFC twin pole thermal shield over the parasol. As previously explained, the high-packing density needed for the parasol precluded the addition of coatings to prevent
deterioration by ultraviolet radiation. Accelerated tests were conducted to determine the extent of the degradation, but the tests were inconclusive. After considerable debate, (the developers of the parasol were convinced it would last throughout the mission) the Program Director elected to follow the conservative course of action and cover the parasol with the new shield which had an adequate coating...
The second mission proved, again, the versatility of man in that considerable unplanned and planned maintenance activities were conducted. The tape recorder, for example, was disassembled and repaired, circuit boards were replaced in the video tape recorder, and finally, during a second EVA, the drifting rate gyro package on the solar observatory was bypassed and replaced by a new package inside the docking adapter.
The crew performance in the second manned mission was particularly energetic, and they worked long and hard to recover the time lost at the beginning of the mission when they experienced the motion sickness. As a result, the experiment operations soon exceeded the planned activities. Thirty-nine earth resources passes were executed and over 305 hours of solar viewing were accomplished....
This is the same public domain video uploaded by NASA with the black borders removed and the aspect ratio corrected.
Skylab, NASA, space program, space station, Project Apollo, Apollo program, spacecraft, space station, ATM, MDA, earth orbit, orbit, astronauts, spacewalk, Skylab 3

SKYLAB

I produced the American first space station Skylab by computer graphics.
This is the original figure which was not in an accident at the time of the launching.
Please watch this video in HD as much as possible.
アメリカ初の宇宙ステーション「スカイラブ」を3DCGで制作しました。
打上げ時の事故が起こらなかった本来の姿を再現しています。
できるだけ高画質でご覧ください。

Watch the talented Reggie Watts perform at the Exploratorium August 9th, 2012. Reggie was at the Exploratorium for an Osher Fellowship, and he graciously joined us at the end of a live webcast on Mars to share a little of his own feelings about the red planet!

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