The 'short nineteenth century', characterised by the growth of nationalism and revolutions, both political and economic, saw the emergence of a Europe of nation states and great industrial power.
Peter Browning provides an incisive and lively account of four countries: Italy, France, Russia and Germany. For each, he identifies the main political and economic factors that help explain its development and assesses the role of national leaders such as Mazzini, Napoleon III, Nicholas I and Bismarck. He outlines historical debates about the four countries and sets their development in the context of the 'long nineteenth century'.

The AS textbooks are ideal for students who have never studied the history of these periods before. they provide detailed background information on the period studied, and include notes explaining key terms, lists of significant dates, and focus questions to consolidate learning.

All of the AS titles have been endorsed by OCR for use with their AS specification for history, and several of the titles will also be appropriate for Edexcel and AQA study units.

Many of the books include a seperate document section, where students can study and evaluate a range of source material.

Shorter themed books explore particular topics in greater depth. The topics examined can be linked with the period covering foundation texts, providing students and teachers with flexibillity in structuring A Level courses.