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Previous work has established that there is an apparent lower incidence of reported Campylobacter infections in deprived populations. However this is not observed in hospitalised cases. This project investigates the origin of these differences between deprived and prosperous populations in four ways. First, investigating potential biases at three different levels of the reporting pyramid: the community level, the GP level and the reported case level. Second analysing retrospective and prospective case and hospitalisation discharge data to determine whether the reported variation in disease still occurs. Third, carrying out a case control study to identify the sources of human campylobacteriosis and fourth performing a case-case analysis to determine differences in risk factors for deprived and less deprived (affluent) populations. This work will provide the scientific evidence to inform FSA policy on dealing with Campylobacter risk in the Scottish population.

Objectives

Collect retrospective and prospective reported case data to identify if disease incidence and risk factors change by level of deprivation;

Collect retrospective and prospective hospital discharge data to identify if hospitalisation rates and risk factors change by level of deprivation;

Collect and analyse case-control and case-case data (to be acquired in least and most deprived case and control cohorts) to identify risk factors that are specific to deprivation groups;

Investigate potential reporting biases by level of deprivation;

Estimation of reporting biases at the community level

Estimation of reporting biases at the GP level

Estimation of reporting biases at the reported case level

Ethics

Approvals from the following bodies were obtained to conduct the current research study: