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Rabbi and Rabbinism - Article covering a 1913 Catholic view of RabbinismRabelais, François - Sixteenth-century French writerRaccolta - A book containing prayers and pious exercises to which the popes have attached indulgencesRace, Human - Article describing the view of the human race from a 1911 Catholic perspectiveRace, Negro - Article describing the view of the negro race from a 1911 Catholic perspectiveRacine, Jean - Brief biography of the seventeenth-century dramatistRail, Altar - The railing which guards the sanctuary and separates the latter from the body of the church. Also called the communion-railRansom, Feast of Our Lady of - Feast on 24 September commemorating the foundation of the MercedariansRaphael, Saint - Archangel appearing in the Book of TobiasRaphael - Italian painter (1483-1520)Ratio Studiorum - The educational system of the JesuitsRationalism - Term used in an exact sense, to designate a particular moment in the development of Protestant thought in Germany, or in a broader, and more usual, sense to cover the view that the human reason, or understanding, is the sole source and final test of all truthRatisbonne, Maria Alphonse - Converted Jew who built two convents in Jerusalem (1814-1884)Ratzinger, Georg - Political economist and social reformer (1844-1899)Ravenna - Archdiocese based in the capital of a province in Romagna, central ItalyRaymond Lully - Biobibliographical article on Ramon Lull, who is called 'Doctor Illuminatus.'Raymond Nonnatus, Saint - Spanish Mercedarian (1200-1240)Raymond of Peñafort, Saint - Born near Barcelona, Raymond was an able canon lawyer who joined the Dominicans. He died in 1275Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist - Article considers: the fact of the Real Presence; the several allied dogmas grouped about it; and the speculations of reason, so far as speculative investigation regarding the august mystery under its various aspects is permissible, and so far as it is desirable to illumine it by the light of philosophyRealism, Nominalism, Conceptualism - The theories that have been proposed as solutions of the problem of universalsReason - Article discussing various definitions of the termReason, Age of - The name given to that period of human life at which persons are deemed to begin to be morally responsibleRecollection - Recollection, as understood in respect to the spiritual life, means attention to the presence of God in the soulReconciliation, Sacrament of - A sacrament of the New Law instituted by Christ in which forgiveness of sins committed after baptism is granted through the priest's absolution to those who with true sorrow confess their sins and promise to satisfy for the same.Rector - Priests who preside over missions or quasi-parishesRecusants, English - People who refrained from attending Church of England servicesRed Sea - The northwest arm of the Indian Ocean, some 1400 miles long and lying between Arabia on the east and Africa on the westRedemption - The restoration of man from the bondage of sin to the liberty of the children of God through the satisfactions and merits of ChristRedemptorists - Society of missionary priests founded by St. Alphonsus Maria Liguori in 1732 at Scala, ItalyRedi, Francesco - Italian poet (1626-1698)Reductions of Paraguay - Jesuit campaign to convert the natives of ParaguayReformation, The - Sixteenth century religious movement led by Martin LutherReformed Churches - Protestant bodies which adopted the tenets of Zwingli and, later, the doctrinal principles of CalvinRefuge, Cities of - Towns which according to the Jewish law enjoyed the right of asylum and to which anyone who had unintentionally slain another might flee and be protected from the 'avenger of blood'Refuge, Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of the - Religious order founded in 1641 that works towards reforming women living a life of sinRegale, Droit de - Document denoting those rights that belonged exclusively to the kingRegalia - The insignia of royalty or 'crown jewels'Regeneration - Biblico-dogmatic term closely connected with the ideas of justification, Divine sonship, and the deification of the soul through graceRegina Coeli - The opening words of the Eastertide anthem of the Blessed VirginRegis, John Francis, Saint - Jesuit priest and missionary, d. 1640Reims - Archdiocese of Reims comprising the district of Reims in the Department of Marne and the whole Department of ArdennesRelativism - A doctrine which denies, universally or in regard to some restricted sphere of being, the existence of absolute valuesRelics - An object, notably part of the body or clothes, remaining as a memorial of a departed saintReligion - The voluntary subjection of oneself to GodReligion, Virtue of - Article discussing the moral value of religionReligions, Statistics of - Includes the definition and historical development, along with the status of religious bodiesReligious Life - Overview and evangelical ideas on what makes up religious lifeReligious Profession - Describes both a declaration openly made, and a state of life publicly embracedReliquaries - Any box, casket, or shrine destined for the reception of relicsRenaissance, The - Period of revival of classic, especially of Greek, learning and the recovery of ancient art in the departments of sculpture, painting, and architectureReni, Guido - Italian painter (1575-1642)Reordinations - The history of all ordinations which were considered null for any other reason than defect of the prescribed form or intention and which were repeatedReparation - Theological concept of God demanding satisfaction for the injuries which man had done HimRepose, Altar of - Sometimes called less properly sepulchre or tomb, more frequently repositoryReputation (as Property) - The outcome of a person's meritorious activityRequiem, Masses of - Masses that are offered for the deadRerum Novarum - The opening words and the title of the Encyclical issued by Leo XIII, 15 May, 1891, on the 'Condition of Labour'Reserved Cases - A term used for sins whose absolution is not within the power of every confessorRestitution - An act of commutative justice by which exact reparation as far as possible is made for an injury that has been done to anotherResurrection of Jesus Christ - Resurrection is the rising again from the dead, the resumption of lifeResurrection, General - The rising again from the dead, the resumption of lifeRetreats - A series of days passed in solitude and consecrated to practices of asceticism, in particular to prayer and penanceReuben - Proper name meaning both a patriarch and a tribe of IsraelRevelation - The communication of some truth by God to a rational creature through means which are beyond the ordinary course of natureRevelation, Book of - The name given to the last book in the Bible, also called the Book of RevelationRevelations, Private - Article discussing the judging of private revelationsRevolution, English - The history of the Revolution resolves itself into a catalogue of various ill-judged measures which alienated the support of the Established Church, the Tory party, and the nation as a wholeRevolution, French - A view of its effect on the ChurchRhode Island - American state and one of the thirteen original coloniesRicci, Matteo - Founder of the Catholic missions of China (1552-1610)Rice, Edmund Ignatius - Biographical article on the founder of the Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools (better known as the Irish Christian Brothers)Richard I - King of England who embarked on the Crusades (1157-1199)Richard de Wyche, Saint - The devoted companion of St. Edmund Rich, was bishop of Chichester. Richard died in 1253, and was canonized less than 10 years laterRichelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, Duke de - Cardinal and French statesman (1585-1642)Right - Substantive designating the object of justiceRight of Exclusion - The alleged competence of the more important Catholic countries, Austria, France, and Spain, to indicate to their respective cardinal protector, or cardinal procurator, those members of the Sacred College who were personae minus gratae, so that, if there was a possibility of one of these becoming pope, the authorized cardinal might, before the decisive ballot, give his veto, in the name of his government, against such electionRing of the Fisherman, The - Ring worn by the popes, with a representation of St. Peter in a boat on itRings - Article discussing religious uses and values concerning the wearing of ringsRita of Cascia, Saint - Rita married an abusive man, became a mother, was widowed, joined the Augustinians. She died in 1456Rites - The ceremonies, prayers, and functions of any religious bodyRites in the United States - Article discussing various rites used within the United StatesRitual - One of the official books of the Roman Rite. It contains all the services performed by a priest that are not in the Missal and Breviary and has also, for convenience, some that are in those booksRizal, José Mercado - Filipino hero, physician, poet, novelist, and sculptor (1861-1896)Robert, Saint - French Benedictine, founder of the Abbey of Chaise-Dieu, d. 1067Robert Bellarmine, Saint - Biographical article on the Jesuit theologian and cardinalRobert of Geneva - Antipope under the name of Clement VII (1342-1394)Robert of Molesme, Saint - Founder of the Abbey of Citeaux and the monastery at Molesme (d. 1111)Roch, Saint - Early 14th century. While on pilgrimage, Roch acquired renown for healing plague victims. He himself was stricken with the plague. Upon returning to his hometown, he was cast into prison as an accused spy, where he diedRoche, Alanus de la - Dominican promoter of the Rosary (1428-1475)Rochet - An over-tunic usually made of fine white linen (cambric; fine cotton material is also allowed), and reaching to the kneesRococo Style - A discussion of this whimsical style, its origins and usesRodriguez, Saint Alphonsus - Spanish-born widower, Jesuit lay brother, served as porter at Majorca for 46 years, d. 1617. Also known as AlonsoRoger Bacon - Philosopher, born at Ilchester, Somersetshire, about 1214; died at Oxford, perhaps 11 June, 1294Rolle de Hampole, Richard - English solitary and writer. Article on his life and writingsRoman Catacombs - The subject is covered under the headings: I. Position; II. History; III. Inscriptions; IV. Paintings; V. Sarcophagi; VI. Small Objects Found in the Catacombs; and VII. Catacombs outside RomeRoman Catechism - This catechism differs from other summaries of Christian doctrine for the instruction of the people in two points: it is primarily intended for priests having care of souls (ad parochos), and it enjoys an authority equalled by no other catechismRoman Catholic - A qualification of the name Catholic commonly used in English-speaking countries by those unwilling to recognize the claim of being the One True ChurchRoman Christian Cemeteries, Early - This article treats briefly of the individual catacomb cemeteries in the vicinity of RomeRoman Congregations - The most important of certain departments organized by the Holy See at various times to assist it in the transaction of those affairs which canonical discipline and the individual interests of the faithful bring to RomeRoman Curia - Strictly speaking, the ensemble of departments or ministries which assist the sovereign pontiff in the government of the Universal ChurchRoman Rite, The - The manner of celebrating the Holy Sacrifice, administering Sacraments, reciting the Divine Office, and performing other ecclesiastical functions as used in the city and Diocese of RomeRomans, Epistle to the - The subject is treated under the following heads: I. The Roman Church and St. Paul; II. Character, Contents, and Arrangement of the Epistle; III. Authenticity; IV. Integrity; V. Date and Circumstances of Composition; VI. Historical Importance; VII, Theological Contents: Faith and Works (Paul and James)Romanus, Saints - Mentions and gives brief profiles of several saints of this nameRomanus, Pope - Ninth-century Pope who reigned for four months in 897Rome - The significance of Rome lies primarily in the fact that it is the city of the popeRomuald, Saint - Italian-born founder of the Camaldolese, d. 1027Romulus Augustulus - Deposed in the year 476, the last emperor of the Western Roman EmpireRood - A term, often used to signify the True Cross itself, which, with the prefix Holy, occurs as the dedication of some churchesRoper, William - English politician and biographer of St. Thomas More (1496-1578)Rorate Coeli - Vulgate, text, the opening words of Isaiah 45:8Rosalia, Saint - Hermitess, greatly venerated at Palermo and in the whole of Sicily of which she is patronessRosary, The - History of this devotion. Also considers the Orthodox and Eastern-Rite Catholic practiceRosary, Confraternity of the - The Perpetual Rosary is an organization for securing the continuous recitation of the Rosary by day and night among a number of associates who perform their allotted share at stated timesRosary, Feast of the Holy - At the request of the Dominican Order Gregory XIII in 1573 allowed this feast to be kept in all churches which possessed an altar dedicated to the Holy RosaryRosary, Seraphic - Also known as the Seraphic Rosary. Brief history, general description of how one prays this chapletRose of Lima, Saint - Biographical article on the first American to be named a saintRose of Viterbo, Saint - Third order Franciscan, preached repentance. She died at the age of 17, in 1252Rose Window - A circular window, with mullions and traceries generally radiating from the centre, and filled with stained glassesRosh Hashanah - The first day of Tishri (October), the seventh month of the Hebrew yearRosicrucians - The original appelation of the alleged members of the occult-cabalistic-theosophic 'Rosicrucian Brotherhood', described in the pamphlet 'Fama Fraternitatis R.C.'Rosmini and Rosminianism - Antonio Rosmini Serbati, philosopher, and founder of the Institute of Charity, born 24 March, 1797, at Rovereto, Austrian Tyrol; died 1 July, 1855, at Stresa, ItalyRossini, Gioacchino Antonio - Article focusing on his musical innovations and his church musicRoswitha - A celebrated nun-poetess of the tenth century, whose name has been given in various forms, Roswitha, Hrotswitha, Hrosvitha, and Hrotsuit; born probably between 930 and 940, died about 1002Rota, Sacra Romana - One of three tribunals instituted by the 'Sapienti Consilio' constitution of 1908Rouen, Archdiocese of - Revived by the Concordat of 1802 with the Sees of Bayeux, Evreux, and Seez as suffragans: it also includes the Department of the Seine InferieureRousseau, Jean-Baptiste - French poet (1670-1741)Royal Declaration, The - The name most commonly given to the solemn repudiation of Catholicity which, in accordance with provisions of the 'Bill of Rights' (1689) and of 'the Act of Succession' (1700), every sovereign succeeding to the throne of Great Britain was required to make in the presence of the assembled Lords and CommonsRuben - Proper name meaning both a patriarch and a tribe of IsraelRubens, Peter Paul - Flemish painter (1577-1640)Rubrics - Among the ancients, according to Columella, Vitruvius, and Pliny, the word rubrica, rubric, signified the red earth used by carpenters to mark on wood the line to follow in cutting it; according to Juvenal the same name was applied to the red titles under which the jurisconsults arranged the announcements of lawsRule of Faith, The - The word rule (Lat. regula, Gr. kanon) means a standard by which something can be tested, and the rule of faith means something extrinsic to our faith, and serving as its norm or measureRule of St. Augustine - Names the five documents sometimes identified as the Rule of Augustine, quickly narrows the field to two contenders, settles on Letter 211. Also deals with Augustine's relation to monasticismRule of St. Benedict - Lengthy article on the text of the Rule and its composition, some analysis, and practical applicationRumania - A kingdom in the Balkan Peninsula, situated between the Black Sea, the Danube, the Carpathian Mountains, and the PruthRupe, Alanus de - Dominican promoter of the Rosary (1428-1475)Russia - Geography and historyRussia, The Religion of - There are two theories in regard to the early Christianity of Russia; according to one of them, Russia was Catholic from the times when she embraced Christianity until the twelfth century; the other holds that Russia was always OrthodoxRussian Language and Literature - Russian is a Slav language belonging to the Indo-European familyRuth, Book of - One of the proto-canonical writings of the Old TestamentRuthenian Rite - There is no separate and distinct rite for the Ruthenians, but the name is often used for the modifications which the Ruthenians have introduced in the Byzantine or Greek RiteRuthenians - A Slavic people from Southern Russia, Galicia and Bukowina in Austria, and North-eastern HungaryRuysbroeck, Blessed John - Article on the Admirable Doctor, 'undoubtedly the foremost of the Flemish mystics,' author, who died in 1381