Hooked from Beta to day one, feel free to add edits to the comment section.
[b]Preface[/b]: I made some assumptions about the origins of The Vex, this was speculation based on some evidence found in Grimoire and Dialogues, and may be incorrect. However, the remaining events cataloged in this timeline are accurate to the best of my research.
[b]Still missing events detailing The Great Ahamkara Hunt, and exactly when Xur first arrived at the Tower.[/b]
*The Traveler, a sentient A.I. arrives in our solar system and begins terraforming planets, The Traveler creates the Vex to aid in the terraforming process
*Humanity makes contact with The Traveler on Mars, beginning the Golden Age
*The Exo are created, based on researching The Traveler
*The Fallen race is encountered during planetary expansion, and are soundly defeated, in large part due to the use of the Exo in the conflict
*The Warminds and an interplanetary defense grid is established to aid in deterring any hostile alien threats
*The now defunct Exo are seeded with consciousness, similar to the Warminds, this was apparently a controversial event
*The Darkness is detected at the edge of our solar system, complete interplanetary defense responses are enacted, triggering The Collapse
*At some point a contingent of The Hive arrive in conjunction with The Darkness, presumable led by Crota in lieu of Oryx
*At some point The Vex are corrupted by The Darkness, transforming planets into machines rather than terraforming them
*Desperate, humanity tries to flee from Earth, only able to make it to the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars, what would now become The Reef
*The Traveler releases it's light, shattering and scattering the darkness throughout and away from our solar system. In it's final moments, The Traveler releases probes to begin repopulating humanity. Caught in the wake of the explosion of light, and the rending of darkness, the humans fleeing earth are transformed into what are now The Awoken.
*The Hive, cut off and without The Darkness remain active on the moon, building structures and awaiting the reformation of The Darkness
*The Traveler becomes dormant, losing all functionality as it tries to collect light
*A fragment of The Darkness remains on Mars and drains the light from the traveler as it attempts to reform
*The Vex, either by intention or by chance, find a large fragment of The Darkness on Mars and begin to worship and revere it, as well as use it as a source of power.
*Remnants of The Fallen begin to scavenge and occupy our worlds
*The first Order of Titans stand guard over survivors as they gather beneath The Traveler
*The City is founded
*The City factions vie for control of The City, causing chaos and turmoil on a massive scale, the Faction Wars are ended by an intervention of Guardians
*The Speaker and The Consensus govern and dictate order within the city
*The City endures the Battle of the Six Fronts (a battle against The Fallen)
*The first Order of Hunters is founded
*The Six Coyotes scout beyond the Cosmodrome
*The first Order of Warlocks is founded
*The Vanguard is formed
*An army of Guardians attempts to reclaim the Moon from The Hive, the losses are catastrophic. Either by intent or by Guardians, Crota becomes dormant on the Moon.
*Osiris, a Warlock obsessed with The Vex and The Hive, is put on trail for his potential corruption; an unknown battle ensued
*Osiris is exiled, his fate remains unknown
*The Fallen, united houses, attempt to take the city in the battle of Twilight Gap
*Gjallarhorn is forged
*Future War Cult is granted access to the Tower, they replace the dismantled Concordat, a faction that existed prior to the Battle of Twilight Gap
*The Crucible is formed, by Lord Shaxx
*Dredgen Yor is corrupted by the darkness, creating Thorn and The Weapons of Sorrow
*Thalor, an undefeated gladiatorial guardian, is killed by Dredgen Yor
*Kabr leads an ill-fated strike team into The Vault of Glass
*Pahanin Errata gives warning and lessons of Kabr, he is later killed by Dredgen Yor at some undisclosed time after the Battle of Twilight Gap
*Shin Malphur kills Dredgen Yor
*The Queen of the Reef deposes the Kell of the House of Wolves, assuming control over the Fallen house
*A large number of The Fallen are imprisoned within the "Prison of Elders"
*Toland the Shattered is exiled from the City, due in part to his fascination with the Hive and his experimentation with The Darkness that gives them power
*Eris and her strike team find Toland and use his knowledge of The Hive in an attempt to infiltrate the Temple of Crota and assassinate Crota while he lies dormant on the moon. All are killed, with the exception of Eris, Toland's fate remains unknown
*The Temple of Crota is sealed
*The Vex, having spread throughout the Solar System are at war with The Cabal Empire; a contingent of the Cabal army pursues The Vex to Mars where they set up the Exclusion Zone, in an attempt to secure the Gate to The Black Garden.
*The Exo Stranger and her crew arrive in our present time, presumably from a Vex Gate
[b]ENTER[/b]: YOUR GUARDIAN
*The Exo Stranger, having prior knowledge of the events of our time, witnesses the birth of guardians in an effort to find capable guardians whom might aid her attempts to undermine the rise of The Vex
*You activate the Last Array, allowing Rasputin, a Warmind remnant on Earth, to connect to colony installations throughout the system (At least on the Moon, Venus, and Mars).
*You awaken The Hive on the Moon, triggering a resurgence and the opening of the Temple of Crota (potentially this allows Eris to escape)
*You return a shard of The Traveler from The Hive, it was somehow being used to drain The Traveler of its light
*You establish contact with the Awoken, opening up relations between the Queen and The City
*You destroy The Darkness within the Black Garden, allowing The Traveler to draw in light and potentially altering the future
*Eris, having been hidden among The Hive for years, returns to The Tower forewarning of Crota's awakening
*You banish Crota's Soul
*You kill Omnigul, the Will of Crota
[b]REPLIES TO COMMENTS[/b]:
[b]FancyDickCheeses[/b]
Didn't the Exo become aware by themselves?
*Deep Stone Crypt, a Titan Mark sold by the Speaker, states that a subroutine is the cause of the first Exo consciousness, the term subroutine implies it was programmed into them. Then again, I may be wrong, I'm not a computer programmer.
[b]areyoueatintho[/b]
Pretty sure the Traveller didn't create the vex
*The evidence to suggest the Vex were created by the traveler is that the Vex are referenced as the "gardeners" of the black garden, they are also said to be born in the black garden, meaning they originally came from Mars. If the Vex are an ancient race, and have ruins buried on our planets (Venus, Mercury, Mars) with the exception of Earth, and these ruins were present before our expansion to these planets, it was my best guess that they were created by the Traveler who visited these planets beforehand and left them abruptly (yet somehow still terraformed them). You will also notice that in the Black Garden, only the current Vex model is worshiping The Darkness, we know from VoG that older models existed before the current Vex we see in the game, this suggest the Vex were developing for some time before they found the Black Garden. Lastly, the Vex seem unwilling to simply erase humanity from existence via VoG, vaguely hinted to the fact that they can't, as we share a parallel timeline.
[b]DarkAnubis[/b]
The gate to the black garden is on Mars, its consistently said that the ruins of Venus predate humanity, long before the traveler comes to our solar system
*At the end of the mission to destroy the heart of the black garden your ghost says "We're back..on Mars" and in the recently added crucible map of The Black Garden, Pantheon, the garden is located on Mars. The garden itself was isolated from space and time, and it may be impossible to determine where it was originally from, but since it returned to Mars I just assumed it was originally apart of that planet. You are right about the ruins though, however, the Vex are prolific time travelers...
[b]EDIT[/b]: Added the Fraction Wars in an appropriate timeline location
[b]EDIT[/b]: The Trail of Osiris now mentions his obsession with The Vex
[b]EDIT[/b]: Added an event detailing the arrival of FWC to the Tower
[b]EDIT[/b]: Added an event detailing the final mission on the Moon, returning a shard of The Traveler
[b]EDIT[/b]: Added a section detailing Osiris, an exiled warlock mentioned in several warlock bonds and in the mission to destroy the Shrine of Oryx
[b]EDIT[/b]: Added a section to detail the beginning of the bodies that currently govern The City, the Speaker is said to always have existed (what?) and the consensus is the mysterious governing body of the people, potentially a democratic system; the Speaker being a type of religious authority, the Vanguard being the military, and the Consensus representing the people.
[b]EDIT[/b]: Made a huge revision to the timeline, Dredgen Yor played no part in the battle of Twilight Gap, he did turn on the Guardians at some undisclosed point in time, this information places the deaths of Thalor and Pahanin after the founding of the Crucible, and thus after the Battle of Twilight Gap.
[b]EDIT[/b]: Pahanin Errata, a hunter, is the last known connection to Kabr and his ill-fated trip to VOG, added an event detailing his death
[b]EDIT[/b]: The imprisonment of Fallen within the Prison of Elders is no longer an event in the Golden Age, but is listed as happening after the Battle of Twilight Gap, as all Fallen houses are assumed to have taken part in the battle, and the Queen of the Reef is presently in control of the House of Wolves.

According to the books of sorrow, the vex where accidentally brought into this dimension by Crota after having been tricked by his sisters. Also, the traveler was originally a sentient moon of Fundament (Hive homeworld,) but was attacked by the hive after being corrupted by the darkness themselves in an attempt to escape their planet before it was destroyed. Adding the hives origins would clear up quite a lot of info about the vex, traveler, and hive.
Rasputin was awkwakened post collapse by an unknown person
The falle(truely called Elinski,) came to the solar system post collapse, in an attempt to steal the traveler, as the traveler once gave them a golden age, but fled when the darkness came, letting the majority of Elinski die as a buffer.
And lastly, the exos where originally made ALONGSIDE the warminds as a physical army controlled by their hiveminds. Once the majority of the Warminds where destroyed, most of them became able to think for themselves, as they no longer had a controller. After this, Rasputin decided to let his free as well.

The Queen killing the Wolf Kell should be closer to Twilight Gap.
The House of Wolves was on its way to join the rest of the Fallen Houses at the Gap when the Queen intercepted them and began the Reef Wars. She killed the Wolf Kell during their assault on Ceres.

Vex were created by crota in an attempt to open a rift in time to make himself more powerful. It's explained in the book of sorrows which describes the origin of the hive, oryx and where they intercepted with the traveler in our solar system

Ok let me break it down, so many people question the lack of story, but there is so much story! they can't force feed the answers as in life! and any story around minor events leaves us saddened that we didn't get more of the big picture! It's pretty genius leaving all this open to interpretation, anything Bungie writes eliminates more possibilities than it creates
The Traveler is 'God' , the darkness is 'not god'. light is the favor of 'god-traveler', symbolic of not being 'in the dark(ness)'
Tie in all the religious themes you can, particularly the struggle between 'god - purity - cleanness - goodness' and 'not god - darkness - greed-absence of light/god'
you can fit in the timeline how you want, but WE are all 'versions' of beings created to worship 'god-traveler'.
Vex - the machine, programmable, logic version. Created by god-traveler to worship the big ball way back, only god-traveler knows its not real as no free will, abandons project, leaves vex to spin up into their current selves with shoddy worship and civilization building code and the instense internal, but not explainable need for worship. When they were abandoned they worshipped what was left, no light, aka darkness. over much man time it consumed them wholly.
Hive - take 2, the organic version, with all the trimmings, built to worship god-traveler, not machine based, left to grow of its own accord, has no, or crazy structure, god-traveler is not pleased, abandons project, hive grow like kudzu, but damm some thing in them makes them just want the light.
Fallen - first combo versions, lets call them humans 1.0, except like adam and eve they were greedy! damm scavengers put themselves up in front of god traveler, created kingdoms (houses), wanted more and more. god-traveler very frustrated, abandons project, Fallen (oh my the symbolism) spiral further out of control, houses fight, they fight, everyone fights while trying to reclaim the god-traveler-light.
Humans (2.0) - us, the peeps, the chosen, Gods people - made out of the best of machines, organic, and our predecessors. WE are the best, we are perfect, we rulez! Ahhhh the golden age, expansion, exploration, wonderment! But alas, as is the story told a 1000 times in our histories, we also drift, but God traveler is not ready to start over again (or is he?). WAR, did we cause it by fighting to KEEP the traveler? did they causing by trying to take the traveler? was the traveler leaving at all? or did it, as in all the stories, decide we worth saving and send his only son, the bight white ball to save us? so many questions, no answers, HMMM sort of like religion? Am I a christian or a buddist? all i know is darkness is in us, and the traveler knows it.
What about the EXO and the Awoken? Well, we are living in the current generation, meaning the most relevant history to us is happening right now, millenia ago were there other vex? Purple vex? Were they the only version? did variations occur during their history and prehistory that are lost through the generations? did the vex timeline end in a biblical event like a flood, only to have a few survive and eventually develop time travel and come all the way forward to chase light? Awoken are a hybrid fallen/human, cabal are a hybrid human, they are other variants of our current generation, imagine if humanity had start in several locations solar systems apart? more than one 'test' of the new supplicant race.
tl;dr Vex are HAL, Fallen are Gollum, Hive are Xenomorphs and we all trying to win gods love.

Add the beginnings of the Reef Wars, as that had begun BEFORE twilight gap.
"They think the House of Wolves betrayed them at the battle of Twilight Gap"
The Queen attacked their kell before that, as to weaken the Fallen, saving the city.
It should go
"queen starts Reef Wars"
"Battle of Twilight Gap"
"Queen assumes command of House of Wolves"
Also, add Hive backstory/Fallen backstories?

The Reef is not the edge of the solar system, it's the asteroid belt. That's as far as they got. The intro video shows the darkness covering everything beyond Mars. This is likely why the other planets are unavailable.

[quote]Hooked from Beta to day one, feel free to add edits to the comment section.
[b]Preface[/b]: I made some assumptions about the origins of The Vex, this was speculation based on some evidence found in Grimoire and Dialogues, and may be incorrect. However, the remaining events cataloged in this timeline are accurate to the best of my research.
[b]Still missing events detailing The Great Ahamkara Hunt, and exactly when Xur first arrived at the Tower.[/b]
*The Traveler, a sentient A.I. arrives in our solar system and begins terraforming planets, The Traveler creates the Vex to aid in the terraforming process
*Humanity makes contact with The Traveler on Mars, beginning the Golden Age
*The Exo are created, based on researching The Traveler
*The Fallen race is encountered during planetary expansion, and are soundly defeated, in large part due to the use of the Exo in the conflict
*The Warminds and an interplanetary defense grid is established to aid in deterring any hostile alien threats
*The now defunct Exo are seeded with consciousness, similar to the Warminds, this was apparently a controversial event
*The Darkness is detected at the edge of our solar system, complete interplanetary defense responses are enacted, triggering The Collapse
*At some point a contingent of The Hive arrive in conjunction with The Darkness, presumable led by Crota in lieu of Oryx
*At some point The Vex are corrupted by The Darkness, transforming planets into machines rather than terraforming them
*Desperate, humanity tries to flee from Earth, only able to make it to the asteroid belt between Jupiter and Mars, what would now become The Reef
*The Traveler releases it's light, shattering and scattering the darkness throughout and away from our solar system. In it's final moments, The Traveler releases probes to begin repopulating humanity. Caught in the wake of the explosion of light, and the rending of darkness, the humans fleeing earth are transformed into what are now The Awoken.
*The Hive, cut off and without The Darkness remain active on the moon, building structures and awaiting the reformation of The Darkness
*The Traveler becomes dormant, losing all functionality as it tries to collect light
*A fragment of The Darkness remains on Mars and drains the light from the traveler as it attempts to reform
*The Vex, either by intention or by chance, find a large fragment of The Darkness on Mars and begin to worship and revere it, as well as use it as a source of power.
*Remnants of The Fallen begin to scavenge and occupy our worlds
*The first Order of Titans stand guard over survivors as they gather beneath The Traveler
*The City is founded
*The City factions vie for control of The City, causing chaos and turmoil on a massive scale, the Faction Wars are ended by an intervention of Guardians
*The Speaker and The Consensus govern and dictate order within the city
*The City endures the Battle of the Six Fronts (a battle against The Fallen)
*The first Order of Hunters is founded
*The Six Coyotes scout beyond the Cosmodrome
*The first Order of Warlocks is founded
*The Vanguard is formed
*An army of Guardians attempts to reclaim the Moon from The Hive, the losses are catastrophic. Either by intent or by Guardians, Crota becomes dormant on the Moon.
*Osiris, a Warlock obsessed with The Vex and The Hive, is put on trail for his potential corruption; an unknown battle ensued
*Osiris is exiled, his fate remains unknown
*The Fallen, united houses, attempt to take the city in the battle of Twilight Gap
*Gjallarhorn is forged
*Future War Cult is granted access to the Tower, they replace the dismantled Concordat, a faction that existed prior to the Battle of Twilight Gap
*The Crucible is formed, by Lord Shaxx
*Dredgen Yor is corrupted by the darkness, creating Thorn and The Weapons of Sorrow
*Thalor, an undefeated gladiatorial guardian, is killed by Dredgen Yor
*Kabr leads an ill-fated strike team into The Vault of Glass
*Pahanin Errata gives warning and lessons of Kabr, he is later killed by Dredgen Yor at some undisclosed time after the Battle of Twilight Gap
*Shin Malphur kills Dredgen Yor
*The Queen of the Reef deposes the Kell of the House of Wolves, assuming control over the Fallen house
*A large number of The Fallen are imprisoned within the "Prison of Elders"
*Toland the Shattered is exiled from the City, due in part to his fascination with the Hive and his experimentation with The Darkness that gives them power
*Eris and her strike team find Toland and use his knowledge of The Hive in an attempt to infiltrate the Temple of Crota and assassinate Crota while he lies dormant on the moon. All are killed, with the exception of Eris, Toland's fate remains unknown
*The Temple of Crota is sealed
*The Vex, having spread throughout the Solar System are at war with The Cabal Empire; a contingent of the Cabal army pursues The Vex to Mars where they set up the Exclusion Zone, in an attempt to secure the Gate to The Black Garden.
*The Exo Stranger and her crew arrive in our present time, presumably from a Vex Gate
[b]ENTER[/b]: YOUR GUARDIAN
*The Exo Stranger, having prior knowledge of the events of our time, witnesses the birth of guardians in an effort to find capable guardians whom might aid her attempts to undermine the rise of The Vex
*You activate the Last Array, allowing Rasputin, a Warmind remnant on Earth, to connect to colony installations throughout the system (At least on the Moon, Venus, and Mars).
*You awaken The Hive on the Moon, triggering a resurgence and the opening of the Temple of Crota (potentially this allows Eris to escape)
*You return a shard of The Traveler from The Hive, it was somehow being used to drain The Traveler of its light
*You establish contact with the Awoken, opening up relations between the Queen and The City
*You destroy The Darkness within the Black Garden, allowing The Traveler to draw in light and potentially altering the future
*Eris, having been hidden among The Hive for years, returns to The Tower forewarning of Crota's awakening
*You banish Crota's Soul
*You kill Omnigul, the Will of Crota
[b]REPLIES TO COMMENTS[/b]:
[b]FancyDickCheeses[/b]
Didn't the Exo become aware by themselves?
*Deep Stone Crypt, a Titan Mark sold by the Speaker, states that a subroutine is the cause of the first Exo consciousness, the term subroutine implies it was programmed into them. Then again, I may be wrong, I'm not a computer programmer.
[b]areyoueatintho[/b]
Pretty sure the Traveller didn't create the vex
*The evidence to suggest the Vex were created by the traveler is that the Vex are referenced as the "gardeners" of the black garden, they are also said to be born in the black garden, meaning they originally came from Mars. If the Vex are an ancient race, and have ruins buried on our planets (Venus, Mercury, Mars) with the exception of Earth, and these ruins were present before our expansion to these planets, it was my best guess that they were created by the Traveler who visited these planets beforehand and left them abruptly (yet somehow still terraformed them). You will also notice that in the Black Garden, only the current Vex model is worshiping The Darkness, we know from VoG that older models existed before the current Vex we see in the game, this suggest the Vex were developing for some time before they found the Black Garden. Lastly, the Vex seem unwilling to simply erase humanity from existence via VoG, vaguely hinted to the fact that they can't, as we share a parallel timeline.
[b]DarkAnubis[/b]
The gate to the black garden is on Mars, its consistently said that the ruins of Venus predate humanity, long before the traveler comes to our solar system
*At the end of the mission to destroy the heart of the black garden your ghost says "We're back..on Mars" and in the recently added crucible map of The Black Garden, Pantheon, the garden is located on Mars. The garden itself was isolated from space and time, and it may be impossible to determine where it was originally from, but since it returned to Mars I just assumed it was originally apart of that planet. You are right about the ruins though, however, the Vex are prolific time travelers...
[b]EDIT[/b]: Added the Fraction Wars in an appropriate timeline location
[b]EDIT[/b]: The Trail of Osiris now mentions his obsession with The Vex
[b]EDIT[/b]: Added an event detailing the arrival of FWC to the Tower
[b]EDIT[/b]: Added an event detailing the final mission on the Moon, returning a shard of The Traveler
[b]EDIT[/b]: Added a section detailing Osiris, an exiled warlock mentioned in several warlock bonds and in the mission to destroy the Shrine of Oryx
[b]EDIT[/b]: Added a section to detail the beginning of the bodies that currently govern The City, the Speaker is said to always have existed (what?) and the consensus is the mysterious governing body of the people, potentially a democratic system; the Speaker being a type of religious authority, the Vanguard being the military, and the Consensus representing the people.
[b]EDIT[/b]: Made a huge revision to the timeline, Dredgen Yor played no part in the battle of Twilight Gap, he did turn on the Guardians at some undisclosed point in time, this information places the deaths of Thalor and Pahanin after the founding of the Crucible, and thus after the Battle of Twilight Gap.
[b]EDIT[/b]: Pahanin Errata, a hunter, is the last known connection to Kabr and his ill-fated trip to VOG, added an event detailing his death
[b]EDIT[/b]: The imprisonment of Fallen within the Prison of Elders is no longer an event in the Golden Age, but is listed as happening after the Battle of Twilight Gap, as all Fallen houses are assumed to have taken part in the battle, and the Queen of the Reef is presently in control of the House of Wolves.[/quote]

The queen turned the tide for us on twilight gap by attacking the wolves that were stationed somewhere at the reef, this revealed the position of the reef and began confronting wolves and the queen's forces