India has a fairly developed tax regime with a clearly demarcated authority between Central Government, State Governments and Local bodies.

Central Government levies taxes on income (except tax on agricultural income, which the State Governments can levy), customs duty, central excise and service tax.

Many State Governments have substituted Sales Tax with Valued Added Tax (VAT). The VAT ( or Sales tax in some states where VAT has not been implemented), State Excise, Stamp duty, Land Revenue, and Professional Tax are levied by State Governments.
Local State bodies are given the power to levy tax on properties, water supply, drainage/sewerage, etc.

The taxation system in India has undergone many reforms over the last 15 years where tax rates have been stabilized and simpler tax laws implemented for compliance ease of tax payment and enforcement.