The generation of alum sludge from drinking water purification process remains inevitable when aluminium sulphate is used as primary coagulant for raw water coagulation. Sustainable managing such the sludge becomes an ...

Concept and purpose
Virtually all water treatment facilities worldwide generate an enormous amount of water treatment residual (WTR) solids for which environmentally-friendly end-use options are continually being sought ...

Constructed wetlands (CWs) for wastewater treatment have evolved substantially over the last decades and have been recognized as an effective means of “green technology” for wastewater treatment. This paper reviews the ...

Aluminium-based water treatment residual (Al-WTR) is the most widely generated residual from water treatment facilities worldwide. It is regarded as a by-product of no reuse potential and landfilled. This study assessed ...

To assess the role of plants for oxygen offering in constructed wetlands, this study experimentally evaluated the amount of root oxygen release rate using mass balance method. The mass balance calculation is based on the ...

Two separate sets of reed bed systems were operated in parallel for the purpose to study a comparative behaviour of high strength animal wastewater treatment. Each system consisted of five-stage gravel-based reed beds. The ...

This study examined a novel reuse of the alum sludge, an inescapable by-product of the production of drinking water when aluminium salt is added as a coagulant, as the main medium in a laboratory-scale multi-stage constructed ...

Waterworks sludge continues to be an inescapable by-product of the potable water treatment process. Accordingly, final disposal of the sludge remains one of the most significant pressing problems for the potable water ...

This study aims to explore a novel application of dewatered alum sludge cakes (DASC) as the main medium in a single model reed bed to treat phosphorus-rich animal farm wastewater under "tidal flow" operation on a long term ...

This research has two eventual goals: (1) To optimize performance of subsurface constructed wetlands for removal of phosphorus (P) (2) To demonstrate that dewatered alum sludge (a by-product), can be reused as a constructed ...