The Catholic Church

BELL WORK

I can explain the importance of the Medieval Catholic church as a political, intellectual, and aesthetic institution. SPI 7.39 Explain the importance of the Catholic church as a political, intellectual, and aesthetic institution, including founding of universities, political and spiritual roles of the clergy, creation of monastic and mendicant religious orders, preservation of the Latin language and religious texts, Thomas Aquinas’s synthesis of classical philosophy with Christian theology and the concept of “natural law.”

The Catholic Church

• For most Western European people, the Church was the center of their lives

• The bishop of Rome (now called the ______) was the spiritual authority over European Christians

• The ______taught that all people were and dependent on God’s to go to heaven

• The only way to get this was by taking part in the (church rituals) that were controlled by the Church

The Sacraments are:

Baptism

______

Penance

Holy orders

The Lord’s Supper (______)

Matrimony

Anointing the ______

The Lord’s Supper

• The (Lord’s supper) commemorated Jesus’ death and sacrifice of dying on the cross to save people from their sin

• Communion is taken at the Catholic ritual weekly service known as ______

Catholic Mass

• The was said in , a language few people understood

• Few could read or write and very few actually read the ______

• For common people, the services were very hard to understand

Church Organization

• Pope in Rome

• Archbishops (______)

• Bishops (major cities)

• ______(manors and villages)

• Monks and nuns (monasteries)

– Religious community

Monasteries

• are like churches where monks live.

• A lives a life of service to God

• A monks life includes work, meditation, and prayer

Monks

• Monks dressed in simple ______of coarse material.

• Most monasteries required vows of ______and ______.

• Women could do the same in ______, but focused on spinning, weaving, and medicinal herbs.

Monks & Nuns

• Although monks and nuns lived apart from society, they were important in society.

• They taught ______and writing, preserved and ______religious texts, and ran hospitals for the needy.

• In 597, the Pope Gregory I sent monks to England to convert the ______

Rise of the Catholic Church

• By the mid-1000’s, most of ______was Catholic.

• The Church had its own ______and laws. They could keep people out of heaven by preventing them from receiving the ______.

• The Church received donations of land from ______who wanted to ensure ______

• The church owned ______of all land in Europe.

Church Power over People

• Excommunication

• Give lands to the ______

• Allow faithful people to be ______to Church offices

• Cash money ($$$)

Church Reform

• By 900 AD, many Christians were calling for Church . This began in Monasteries.

• One of the most important changes occurred in 1059. The Church said that ______could no longer participate in the election of the Pope.

• “ ” would now elect the Pope, rather than (non-church) authorities.

Inquisition

• In 1215, Pope Innocent III tried to ______the Church.

• He convened a council that condemned ______, ______, and ______among Church officials.

• To seek out and punish heretics, the Church set up a court in 1232 known as the ______

Friars & Reform

• Friars who were that encouraged further reform in the 1200s.

• They followed monastic rules but lived among ______people to preach.