The twelfth century in western Europe was marked by tensions and negotiations between Church, aristocracy, and monarchies, each of which vied with the others for power and influence. At the same time, a developing literary ...

The amount of French casualties after World War One forced the Third Republic to recruit foreign labor from Europe and North Africa to replenish the economy. The government created the Société Générale d’Immigration (SGI) ...

The post-1965 period was a time of growing Asian American visibility alongside massive sociopolitical unrest, both of which threatened the stability of the U.S. racist capitalist system. During this time, U.S. national ...

The educational reform project of the Second Spanish Republic stemmed from the educational reform movement in Spain beginning in the late 19th century. The Spanish movement was heavily influenced by foreign ideas and was ...

The entry of the United States into World War I signaled a new internationalism for the American state. While the idealism of the Wilsonian era was not uniform throughout American society, the vision for which he advocated ...

On a gloomy November morning in 1918, nervous spectators watched as fleets of grey ships entered the Bosporus Strait in Istanbul. Stately British warships led the procession, followed close behind by those of the French ...

As a conscious literary product of their historical moment, seventeenth-century French fairy tales written by female writers explore social and political issues of the grand siècle. Seventeenth-century France was characterized ...

This is an examination of Woodrow Wilson's concepts of national self-determination and his Fourteen Points Speech. Wilson's own intellectual, political development, and enthusiastic shaped the framework of his foreign ...

In the first year of Queen Elizabeth I’s reign over England, Sir Robert Dudley, the queen’s favorite courtier, gave Elizabeth a large, ornate astrolabe that he had commissioned from Thomas Gemini, one of the most prominent ...

Civil war was raging in Spain and parents there were desperate to find safe havens for their children. Officials urged other countries to take in the children. France, Belgium, Denmark, Switzerland, the former Soviet Union ...

Between the final months of World War II and the end of the 1940s, about 13 million ethnic Germans fled and were expelled from Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia. Although the expulsions had already ...

In 1873, Germany and the rest of Europe entered a state of economic depression which lasted, by many accounts, until 1896. During this time, the peoples of the German Empire came up with a variety of responses to alleviate ...

This thesis attempts to complicate the conventional narrative of U.S. empire-that it was restricted to the North American continent before its international expansion with the 1898 Spanish-American War-by exploring the ...

This thesis examines the often overlooked local Republican newspaper network in the aftermath of the passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts and the buildup to the election of 1800. Most newspapers in the Early Republic ...

On November 8, 1942 American and British troops poured onto the beaches of Morocco and Algeria. Representing the first joint military operation between the US and Great Britain during World War II, Operation Torch marked ...

Pirate communities have forever posed a threat to maritime activity. Prior to the expansion into the Atlantic world, pirates attacked the merchant ships in Mediterranean and Indian Ocean. As technological advancements ...

The coral atolls of Micronesia, rarely considered in global geopolitical history, were the staging grounds for multiple defining events of the mid-twentieth century. Micronesia, acquired by the United States from Japan ...

What role does violence play in visual depictions of Black women and Spanish men in late eighteenth century New Spain? This thesis concerns the portrayal of Black women (negra), Spanish men ( espafiol), and their offspring ...

After the Berlin Conference of 1884-5 recognized King Leopold of Belgium's Congo Free State, he would go on to exploit the Congolese people with a violent and oppressive reign. However, the plight of the Congolese people ...

Dr. David Livingstone, a nineteenth century Scottish missionary doctor and government-commissioned explorer, is popularly known as an iconic, self-sacrificing Victorian hero who tirelessly devoted his life to working in ...

During the early 1930s, Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini began his urban plan to reconstruct and rebuild Rome to its former ancient glory. Black-and-white photographs were taken to mark each momentous, groundbreaking ...

This thesis explores the event in Manningtree, a small town in Essex, in 1645 that began the two‐year period that would come to be called England’s “Witch Craze” and the circumstances that lead to those events. The trials ...

This thesis examines A Far Journey (1914), the autobiography by Syrian-American pastor Abraham Mitrie Rihbany, and parses its relationship and reaction to American nativism and to the growing Syrian-American community. A ...

When the German Kaiserreich was declared on January 18th, 1871, the audience of Leipzig-based music newspaper Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung (AmZ) read nothing that even hinted at the epoch-making political reorganization ...

This thesis looks at rebellion and dissidence under Communism in Eastern Europe. Specifically, it examines the 1978 essay The Power of the Powerless, by Vaclav Havel, Czech playwright turned political activist. The question ...

This thesis maps the history of the San Francisco Women's Building, the first women-owned and -operated community center in the United States. Telling the chronology of the Building but also situating it within the long ...

On the eve of the Israeli conquests in the 1967 Six-Day War, many Jewish American leaders were gravely concerned about the cultural survival of American Jewishness. Their fears responded to the perceived toll the post-WWII ...

On February 19, 1942, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, authorizing the removal of over 110,000 Japanese Americans from the West Coast. In late March, the military began the process of transferring Japanese ...

In 1949 the Friends Neighborhood Guild, a Quaker Settlement House, began construction on the 8th and Brown Co-operative in the North Philadelphia neighborhood of East Poplar. The motivation for the project came from the ...

This senior thesis explores the process of separation between religion and art as it pertains to Chinese Buddhism in the eyes of the West during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. The first evidence of the ...

In ancient Greece, history and myth were intertwined. The mythic past was a realm where heroes walked alongside gods to found the cities of the classical period. Diplomatic relations, military endeavors, and local identity ...

The Dominican Republic and the United States have a long-standing relationship and the waves of immigration that occurred starting in 1965 still continues today. The hyper-globalization of modernity decreases time and ...

William Cheselden's Osteographia (1733) opens with a frontispiece image recalling the imagery of Renaissance saint paintings, yet the title page engraving of a camera obscura promotes the empirical technologies of the ...

This thesis examines the ways in which the inmate "voice" was represented, amplified, or controlled by prison officials, penal reformers and the press in eastern Pennsylvania from the early 1920s through the mid-1930s. In ...

Throughout the interwar era, every European capital hosted communities of transnationally displaced Russians as a consequence of the October Revolution. Previous scholars of the interwar Russians have paralleled their ...

In the summer of 1772 a scandal broke out that captivated London. Captain Robert Jones was tried and convicted for sodomy in July 1772. Jones and his friends asked the King to grant Jones a pardon, which he did. The public ...

Japanese migration to North America was concentrated on the Pacific Coast and spread throughout Canada, the United States, and Mexico, among other countries. Due to the widespread migration of Japanese to Pacific coast and ...

After the founding of the German nation-state in 1871, millions of people from the German countryside moved to Berlin, ethnologists articulated a global geography of race through their studies of "native" people, and new ...

During the last year of the Second World War in Italy, the Allied forces assaulted the Wehrmacht's last great line of defense in Italy--the Gothic line. Un Anno in
Tossignano examines the effects of that passing war-front ...

This thesis takes as object the history of '90s globalization, in the context of neoliberal reforms by President Salinas de Gortari (1988-1994) of Mexico, and extension of informal U.S. Empire through the free trade reforms ...

Historian of the book Leah Price explains that, "transitively, the book that I touch after you've touched it blurs the boundaries between my body and yours." Insistent upon physical distance from their social inferiors, ...

As Hispanic empires expanded in the early
modern era, cultural
intermixing took place on
many different levels.
The galleon trade between
Manila and Acapulco,
beginning in the 1560s,
opened flows of goods,
ideas, ...

What is democracy? This is the question that liberals in late 1930s America tried to answer as they discussed the many issues facing their nation. The rise of communism and Nazism, as well as military conflict in Europe ...

In the Luce-Celler Act of 1946, J.J. Singh and Clare
Boothe Luce articulated
their distinct visions of
the post-war world order.
During World War II and
the post-war era, Clare
Boothe Luce--playwright,
journalist, ...

The Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939 began as a military revolt by those opposed to the new left-wing Popular Front government, but the world soon interpreted it as a war between Communism and Fascism. This idea was reinforced ...

After the 1572 execution of Túpac Amaru II, the last Sapa Inka, Viceroy Francisco de Toledo sought to establish order throughout the Peruvian countryside-–one ravaged by incessant war, disease, and famine. Spanish authorities ...

John Weaver, an early-eighteenth century dancing master, sought to professionalize dance
and raise its status by severing its dependence on words. He published scholarly texts on
pantomimic dance, a style of dance with ...

American society remembers
"Rosie the Riveter" of the
popular 1942 song as the
typical woman war worker
during World War II; "We
Can Do It!," the idealized
Rosie says, managing to
appear strong, feminine,
and ...

Fought intermittently between 1749 and 1762, the First Saramaka War was a primal moment in the history of Maroon relations with the Dutch colonial Surinamese state. The war was part of the violent history between Suriname's ...

In 1770, Marie Antoinette described her daily routine as the Dauphine of France in a detailed letter to her mother Maria Theresa. She wrote, “I put on my rouge and wash my hands in front of the whole world,”1 referring to ...

This thesis examines the interactions between Latin and Eastern Christians in the period
between the calling of the First Crusade in 1095 and the fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1187 through Latin chronicles and ...

In 1913, fourteen-year-old Martha Edith Almedingen looked on as the splendor of the Russian Court unfurled before her on the streets of St. Petersburg. Double-headed eagles flapped in the breeze as a succession of grand ...

Following the First World War, perceptions of social instability and loss of faith in
progress prompted pervasive fears of Western decline. In Germany, anticipation of decline
combined with the loss of the First World ...

From conquest, New Spain was stratified along the lines of conqueror and conquered placing Spaniards at the top of society above those of Indian and African descent. A product of
centuries of racial mixing, New Spain ...

One of the last new colonial projects in the twentieth century began on September 2, 1945. The American forces arrived in Japan ready to subdue a conquered nation, full of putatively deceitful Asian barbarians. In 1952, ...

The “Shame Suicides” brought into the public forum the tense borderlands relations between the United States and Mexico. To have functioning borderlands required mutual interests and cohesion between the two countries. ...

The nineteenth century in Paris witnessed the turmoil of a devastating cholera epidemic as well as the political upheaval of the 1848 revolution, which ended the regime of Louis-Philippe and led to the creation of the ...

This thesis aims to recreate the sphere of public discourse surrounding the life of Mary Wollstonecraft and her legacy in order to understand the limitations faced by women in constructing their gendered subjectivity in ...

The May 30th Movement of 1925 is often cited as a watershed event that marked the ascent of
Chinese Nationalism. On this day in Shanghai, China, British police opened fire on a large crowd of student protesters, killing ...

In the Late 1960s, Michael Milken, a brilliant graduate of the University of Pennsylvania's
Wharton School, took some obscure research on the performance of high-yield bonds to a small, second
tier Wall Street firm named ...

This thesis aims to compare the ways in which Joan of Arc was portrayed by the
French Resistance with the way she was depicted by the collaborationist Vichy government between 1940 and 1944. The fact that she could represent ...

After emerging from the Great War as a global economic power, America
immediately experienced a decade of prosperity in the 1920s. Popular economic optimism
inspired a massive overinvestment in the domestic stock market, ...

This thesis explores the ways in which young American China scholars, incensed by the
outrages of the Vietnam War and frustrated with the political timidity of their older professors,
used the Chinese Cultural Revolution ...

On April 3rd, 1975, in light of the military situation in Vietnam, President Ford formally announced the evacuation of Vietnamese orphans lamenting, "We are seeing a great human tragedy as untold numbers of Vietnamese flee ...

Baseball in its history and tradition has become ingrained within the identity of the
United States. Dubbed the 'National Pastime,' the game of baseball is emblematic of the
traditional American values of democracy and ...

An examination of English travelogues and anti-travel rhetoric from the end of the eighteenth century reveals a historical moment characterized by anxieties about sex, class, and the state of the nation. In response to ...

Gamal Abdel Nasser played an integral role in Middle East politics in the 1950s and 1960s. He led a military coup against the incumbent King, and then successfully converted his political capital into a national revolution. ...

In the late 19th to early 20th century, mob violence became a practice though that characterized the American community. The story of the lynching, accepted as an event involving black men,
white men and white women, would ...

This paper examines the role of Richard Nixon as environmental actor in the creation of the US Environmental Protection Agency in 1970. By compromising previous American environmental thought of conservation with and ...

In 1968, a group of Soviet dissidents began to print their own newspaper, the
Chronicle of Current Events, and to work with western reporters to spread their message
about the illegality of the ruling regime. By using ...

Yiddish secular education in America, an institution evolved from the Jewish political radicalism of eastern European cities, was carefully revised and reoriented for the American environment upon its transatlantic ...

This thesis is an historical observation Richard Nixon's role as the instigator of
America's Drug War. This Drug War is a war fought both against international drug smugglers and America's own citizens. This thesis will ...

In 1838, Pennsylvania Hall was constructed on the corner of Sixth Street and Race Street
in Philadelphia. The managers of Pennsylvania Hall, the Pennsylvania Hall Association, intended for the building to serve as a ...

When Alexander Dubcek took over the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in
1968, he embarked on an ambitious reform program meant to create a better relationship between the Party and the people of Czechoslovakia. The reform ...

The physical and intellectual landscape of southeastern Pennsylvania, during the
late eighteen hundreds, created a space ripe for agricultural improvement. Philadelphia
inherited an enlightenment zeal for intellectual ...

During the sixteenth century, the notion of expertise fundamentally changed from being based on practical experience to being based on a command of abstract knowledge. At the same time, both the prestige of technical ...

Between 1786 and 1835, Philadelphia played host to a revolutionary transformation in the methods and intentions of criminal punishment. Beginning with a shift away from sanguinary
and public corporal punishments, and ...

In 1748, Edmund Burke, then still an undergraduate at Trinity College, Dublin, was the
principal contributor to a short-lived and little-known periodical called The Reformer. The
purpose of the paper was to muster public ...

Following the end of World War II, an international search for a more creative, and more
effective, peacekeeping process began. World powers were dissatisfied with traditional
methods, which had proven to have little ...

The late 19th and early 20th century was a period characterized by intense xenophobia
against Chinese immigrants that was manifested through a host of anti-Chinese laws and extralegal actions. These attitudes were created ...

My thesis examines the ways in which Italian female authors questioned the policies and ideologies of the fascist regime, led by Benito Mussolini. With the support of eight short stories written by authors Grazia Deledda, ...

A thesis on HIV/AIDS is not a thesis about a disease, but about a culture. A thesis on
HIV/AIDS is a study on a country's unique cultural and historic lens which shapes policies and opinions about a virus. While different ...

As king, Alfonso oversaw an intellectual court that translated and composed historical,
poetic, and scientific texts. The scientific texts have inspired scholarly study, investigation, and
celebration since their production ...

When the Dutch first settled New York in 1621, they maintained a notable social distance
from their Native neighbors. I believe this distance was at least in part caused by events in the Netherlands. The colonists arrived ...

The sixteenth-century witnessed the replacement of medieval systems of social
organization such as feudalism, with the princely court. This political and social
restructuring destabilized traditional expectations for men ...

On August 6, 1945, the United States dropped the first ever atomic bomb on another country and with it forever changed not only the face of war, but also the very nature of society. As civil defense programs pushed into ...

At the end of World War II Germany was faced with an identity crisis that would permeate the succeeding decades and strongly influence the question of what it means to be German. This crisis revolved around the Germans' ...

In the 1930s the Great Depression and a severe drought and dust storms rocked the U.S. A decade and a half before, the First World War marked a period of rising global wheat demand, and the Great Plains became an international ...

1960s America was an era defined by the eruption of an array of political, cultural and
social movements. With the intensification of the war in Vietnam and the growing
dissatisfaction with the Civil Rights Movement's ...

My thesis examines the CIA Weekly Summary reports on the 1968 Student Movement in Mexico. In July of 1968 University students in Mexico began protesting against the ruling
political party, the PRI, calling for greater ...

The traditional history of the Cold War centers on the communist influence in America. Viewing the history from 1950 ti 1964 with this lens forces events within this time period to be constricted within this framework. ...

The Great Famine in the Soviet Union lasted between the years of 1930 and 1933. The devastation peaked in winter of 1932 and continued throughout 1933. Statistics which accurately represent the
tragedy are impossible to ...

In the summer of 1941, Alan Lomax and a team of ethnographers from Fisk University travelled to Clarksdale, Mississippi as a part of a joint project between the Library of Congress and Fisk University. The purpose of the ...

This project examines the early years (1824-1833) of the American free produce
movement in northern cities. Free produce supporters utilized boycotts of slave goods and the substituted consumption of goods made with free ...

Following the Mexican Revolution's end in 1920, the United States became increasingly
fascinated with Mexican culture and its exotic revolutionary artists. The enormous vogue
of things Mexican lasted until 1945 and the ...