In some communities, only older adults. Virtually extinct in 5 communities, 4 of which are in English-speaking areas (Shubenagadie, Truro, Eel River Bar, Pabineo Falls) and the 5th in French-speaking Gaspé, Quebec. In larger areas children tend to begin speaking some Micmac, except in Listuguj, where some families educate children in French. In communities such as Gesgapegiaq, use is more vigorous. Each community has a committee or group whose task is to help enhance the language and culture. Prayers, songs, readings. Mainly adults. Positive attitudes. Also use English [eng], French [fra].

Language Development

Literacy rate in L1: 1%–17%. Literacy rate in L2: 50%–75%. 800 or more readers of Micmac, 200 write it. Oral and written courses exist in most schools in the primary grades. Radio. Dictionary. Grammar. NT: 1874–1998.