The column_widths argument to make_subplots can be used to customize the relative widths of the columns in a subplot grid. It should be set to a list of numbers with a length that matches the cols argument. These number will be normalized, so that they sum to 1, and used to compute the relative widths of the subplot grid columns. The row_heights argument serves the same purpose for controlling the relative heights of rows in the subplot grid.

Here is an example of creating a figure with two scatter traces in side-by-side subplots, where the left subplot is wider that the right.

After a figure with subplots is created using the make_subplots function, its axis properties (title, font, range, grid style, etc.) can be customized using the update_xaxes and update_yaxes graph object figure methods. By default, these methods apply to all of the x axes or y axes in the figure. The row and col arguments can be used to control which axes are targeted by the update.

Here is an example that creates a figure with a 2 x 2 subplot grid, populates each subplot with a scatter trace, and then updates the x and y axis titles for each subplot individually.

The shared_xaxes argument to make_subplots can be used to link the x axes of subplots in the resulting figure. The vertical_spacing argument is used to control the vertical spacing between rows in the subplot grid.

Here is an example that creates a figure with 3 vertically stacked subplots with linked x axes. A small vertical spacing value is used to reduce the spacing between subplot rows.

The specs argument to make_subplots is used to configure per-subplot options. specs must be a 2-dimension list with dimensions that match those provided as the rows and cols arguments. The elements of specs may either be None, indicating no subplot should be initialized starting with this grid cell, or a dictionary containing subplot options. The colspan subplot option specifies the number of grid columns that the subplot starting in the given cell should occupy. If unspecified, colspan defaults to 1.

Here is an example that creates a 2 by 2 subplot grid containing 3 subplots. The subplot specs element for position (2, 1) has a colspan value of 2, causing it to span the full figure width. The subplot specs element for position (2, 2) is None because no subplot begins at this location in the grid.

If the print_grid argument to make_subplots is set to True, then an text representation of the subplot grid will be printed.

Here is an example that uses the rowspan and colspan subplot options to create a custom subplot layout with subplots of mixed sizes. The print_grid argument is set to True so that the subplot grid is printed to the screen.

By default, the make_subplots function assumes that the traces that will be added to all subplots are 2-dimensional cartesian traces (e.g. scatter, bar, histogram, violin, etc.). Traces with other subplot types (e.g. scatterpolar, scattergeo, parcoords, etc.) are supporteed by specifying the type subplot option in the specs argument to make_subplots.

Here are the possible values for the type option:

"xy": 2D Cartesian subplot type for scatter, bar, etc. This is the default if no type is specified.

As an alternative to providing the name of a subplot type (e.g. "xy", "polar", "domain", "scene", etc), the type option may also be set to a string containing the name of a trace type (e.g. "bar", "barpolar", "pie", "scatter3d", etc.), which will be used to determine the subplot type that is compatible with that trace.

Here is the example above, modified to specify the subplot types using trace type names.