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A single head injury could increase risk of Parkinson’s

Special reports

Author: Joe McAweaneyPublished: 24 April 2018

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A recent study – published in medical journal ‘Neurology’ – has suggested that people are 56% more likely to develop Parkinson’s after a head injury

Research has suggested that a single head injury could increase the risk of developing Parkinson’s by up to 56%.

The study, which was published in medical journal ‘Neurology’, tested 326,000 veteran US servicemen and women over a period of 12 years. Half of those studied had suffered a mild, moderate or severe brain injury whereas the other participants had not.

The study focused on individuals whose ages ranged from 31 to 65. At the beginning of the process, none of the participants had Parkinson’s disease.

A total of 1,462 of the veterans developed Parkinson’s disease. Researchers found that those who had suffered a brain injury were far more at risk when compared to those who had not.

Lead researcher Dr Raquel Gardner, who is assistant professor at the University of California, US, said: “Because of the size of the study, this now provides the highest level of evidence to date that even mild traumatic brain injury increases risk for Parkinson’s disease.

“This study highlights the importance of concussion prevention, long-term follow-up of those with concussion, and the need for future studies to investigate if there are other risk factors for Parkinson’s disease that can be modified after someone has a concussion.”

Dr Raquel Gardner also said the study could have serious implications for other industries: “While our study looked at veterans, we believe the results may have important implications for athletes and the general public as well.”

Professor David Dexter, deputy research director at the charity Parkinson’s UK, said: “Several studies over the years have highlighted head trauma as being a risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s, and this larger study reinforces that evidence.

“Studies looking at brains cells under the microscope have revealed that trauma to the head can trigger proteins to clump together. Such protein clumps are a feature in Parkinson’s and can cause cell membranes to burst, leading to the characteristic loss of brain cells.”

Despite the results, Anthony P Kontos, research director at the University of Pittsburgh, US, highlighted the fact that those studied would have had far higher rates of post-traumatic stress disorder due to their military background.

He said: “A lot of (post-traumatic stress disorder) in this population was probably not accounted for, as it may not have been coded into medical records.

“Studies such as this are often misinterpreted to suggest that all military veterans with traumatic brain injury exposure are condemned to have Parkinson’s disease or other negative long-term outcomes, but this is not accurate. Very few of the veterans, whether they’d had a traumatic brain injury or not, had Parkinson’s disease: no more than three-quarters of 1%.”

IN THE NEWS

A study published in the ‘Journal of Clinical Investigation’ has suggested mechanisms that lead to Parkinson’s in adulthood, may begin much earlier than previously thought. The study, carried out by Northwestern University, Illinois, US, researched movement disorder spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 by genetically engineering a mouse to mirror the human disease. Researchers found that altering circuity in the cerebellum – an area of the brain that controls movements – set the stage for later susceptibility to neurological disease. Professor Puneet Opal, who worked on the study, said: “This is the first discovery of alterations in an adult-onset spinocerebellar disorder that stems from such early developmental processes. “This may well be generalisable to a whole host of other diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.”

Global Kinetics receives vital funding

Australian-based health company Global Kinetics has received a $AUS 7.75 million investment from the Australian Federal Government’s Biomedical Translation Fund. The investment will be used to commercialise its Parkinson’s KinetiGraph – a smartwatch-style device that continually tracks the involuntary movements of those living with the condition. In addition to the sum from the Australian government, Global Kinetics also announced they are to receive a grant from The Michael J Fox Foundation, Shake It Up Australia Foundation and Parkinson’s Victoria. Mark Frasier, senior vice president of research programmes at The Michael J Fox Foundation, said: “The experience of Parkinson’s varies day-to-day, hour-to-hour. An objective tool, such as the wearable PKG technology, that passively collects data on the experience of Parkinson’s disease could give patients and their doctors greater insight to calibrate treatment plans and improve outcomes.”

Smartphone app detects severity of Parkinson’s symptoms

A smartphone app– created by researchers from Johns Hopkins University, the University of Rochester Medical Centre and Aston University – can detect the severity of symptoms in people with Parkinson’s, according to a recent study. The study, which appeared in medical journal ‘JAMA’, found that the HopkinsPD app generated severity score levels which strongly correlated with standard movement tests given by physicians. HopkinsPD is expected to help medical professionals analyse Parkinson’s symptoms. Dr Ray Dorsey, neurologist at the University of Rochester, said: “Until these types of studies, we had very limited data on how people function on Saturdays and Sundays because patients don’t come to the clinic. “We also had very limited data about how people with Parkinson’s do at two o’clock in the morning or 11 o’clock at night because, unless they’re hospitalised, they’re generally not being seen in clinics at those times.”