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Electro-optical transmission coefficient S21 as a function of the RF-frequency. The experimental data is compared to models calibrated with experimental data taking into account transmission line losses and phase mismatch.

(a) Transmission coefficients S21,RF (blue trace, transmission through signal line 1) and S31,RF (red trace, cross-talk to signal line 2) measured at the end of the transmission line for an RF signal applied only to signal line 1, corresponding to the cross-talk occurring in the conventional driving scheme. Dashed curves are measured and continuous curves are modeled. The black curve shows the measured transmission coefficient S21,RF* of the symmetric mode, for comparison, corresponding to RF losses in the advanced driving signal scheme. (b) Modeled S21,RF and S31,RF for an MZI modulator with a doubled, 8 mm length. Here too, the blue line is the RF transmission and the red line shows the cross-talk. (c-e) Super-modes supported by the GSSG-transmission line (Ey). The symmetric mode has an anti-symmetric Ey field, but symmetric voltages.

(a) conventional design of a loaded transmission line, (b) advanced design with interleaved electrode extensions (c) lumped element representation of the current flow. The microscope image shows a detail of the electrode extensions in the real modulator. The dark boxes are the metal electrode extensions; the colored areas represent the different doping regions. Grey areas are signal and ground line, respectively.

Transmission line attenuation for the modulator with and without electrode extensions. The y-axis corresponds to α rather than α in order to make the trend predicted by Eq. (1) apparent by a linear progression. Continuous lines are fitted according to Eq. (1).

Optical transmission coefficient S21 of the conventional baseline modulator (blue) and a modulator with an advanced transmission line design with interleaved electrode extensions (green). Solid lines are models based on experimentally extracted parameters.