October revolution 1917 changed not only the State form, but also developed system of the organisation of scientific researches, begun the Soviet legislation on a science and scientific activity, radically changed legal and a social status of the scientist in society. The choice of the top chronological border is caused by that forming of management system by the scientific organisations had in the late twenties come to the end. At this time the Charter of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, constituent acts of the state scientific research institutes, the normative acts regulating scientific researches at the higher school, established the complete submission to control of scientific organisations have been accepted. On a boundary of 20-30th in the country the totalitarian system of the power was generated, monopoly position of the Communist Party in political system of the Soviet society became the main precondition.