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How to Speak “Fiber Geek”

How to Speak “Fiber Geek”
Article Article 1 – Bandwidth Bandwidth Drivers and rivers and Standards tandards
The fiber optic cable world has come a long way over the past 30 years. Products have become
more rugged and user friendly, making it easier for people to enter the industry and work
handling optical fiber and cable. While this is great for the industry, many people may
understand the “how to” but not necessarily the “why” of fiber optics. To understand the “why”
behind fiber and cable products, the next step is to become a full-fledged “fiber geek.” Because
the industry changes so quickly, true fiber geekdom is an ongoing process. The purpose behind
this series of articles is to enable the reader to understand some secondary fiber specifications
and take the next step on the fiber geek ladder.
While this first article will provide some background, future articles in this series will go point by
point through fiber specifications and their importance to the network.
Bandwidth demand continues
The demand for bandwidth continues unabated,
driven by Web 1.0/2.0, mobile and now streaming
video. The result is an expected Compound Annual
Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 22% across
the network through 20201
.
While that’s somewhat old news, new bandwidth
demand is on the horizon, potentially driven by
several relative sources including 4K TV, virtual
reality and an expansion of the “Internet of Things.”
Ultra HD TV, also known as 4K TV,
first appeared on the radar screen
approximately four to five years ago.
While 4K TV offers twice the resolution
of standard HDTV, the first models
were priced at more than $20,000.
Since then, the cost of 4K TV units
has dropped rapidly to the point that
they are now ubiquitously available at
most electronics stores.
While linear TV packages still don’t offer many 4K options, over-the-top video providers such as
Netflix and Amazon Video are rapidly adding content.
The primary reason that 4K TV is significant to bandwidth demand is that each 4K channel
requires up to 25 Mbps, more than 2X the typical HD video requirement. Considering the
number of TV screens that are typically on in a household, the potential demand could be a
significant increase versus current HDTV demand levels.
How to Speak “Fiber Geek”
Article Article 1 – Bandwidth Bandwidth Drivers and rivers and Standards tandards
However, 4K TV is just the starting point since 8K TV is on its way. Although they are very
costly, 8K TVs are commercially available and some content is beginning to trickle out, including
the 2016 Rio Olympics.2
High resolution screens are also an integral part of
the experience promised by virtual reality. Virtual
reality, while in its commercialized early stages, holds
the promise of significantly changing the way that we
experience media of all types. However, there’s a
catch – fully networked 4K virtual reality will require
hundreds of megabits per second (or more) of
bandwidth.3
High resolution video will continue to use bandwidth
as it becomes embedded in various networked applications such as telemedicine, remote
medical monitoring and distance learning.
Finally, we’re also in the early stages of the “Internet of Things,” where sensors from various
devices including cars, trackers and all sorts of things communicate with each other to do their
jobs for us.
Why does optical fiber care?
This bandwidth demand can be satisfied in three ways:
1) Faster electronics
2) More wavelengths on the fiber
3) More optical fiber
Historically, the fiber industry has used all three of these methods to meet demand. Electronics
are getting faster and more wavelengths are being placed on fiber, using either Coarse
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) or Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)
technology. Once fiber is deployed, it’s very expensive to replace. For this reason, the fiber
that’s installed should be
capable of withstanding multiple
generations of hardware while
also having plenty of room for
additional wavelength growth.
The graphic on the right
highlights how wavelength usage
has grown over the past three
decades. For the first 30 years,
applications were focused in the
1310 nm and 1550 nm regions. Given the explosive demand for bandwidth, it’s reasonable to
How to Speak “Fiber Geek”
Article Article 1 – Bandwidth Bandwidth Drivers and rivers and Standards tandards
assume that the next 30 years will require many more wavelengths, with potential applications
across the entire optical spectrum.
Standards
Standards are important. They help to ensure a minimal level of network compatibility and
performance.
For outside plant single-mode optical fiber, two standards are critical:
1) ITU Recommendation G.652, “Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable”
5
,
and
2) ITU Recommendation G.657, “Characteristics of a bending loss insensitive single-mode
optical fibre and cable for the access network”6
.
Increasingly, fibers meeting both the G.652D and G.657A1 standards with a 9.2 µm mode field
diameter are used to provide bend insensitivity for cables used in the outside plant. Additional
bend insensitive standards are available for different applications and will be addressed more
thoroughly in a future article in this series.
The standards-making process is an arduous one. Fiber standards are global and standards
makers strive to achieve balance and fairness. However, standards often provide only minimum
performance levels. In fact, fibers that meet the standards may struggle with some current as
well as future applications.
For this reason, it’s best to insist on performance beyond the standards for many applications.
The next articles in this series will highlight various specifications and explain where
performance beyond the standards is most important.
Summary
The demand for bandwidth is expected to continue far into the future, driven in part by
requirements for breakthrough applications such as higher resolution video, virtual reality and
other applications. We expect this demand to continue to drive the need for optical spectrum
provided by fiber. Fiber standards, such as G.652 and G.657, are very important for network
designers in setting minimum performance levels, but can ultimately be insufficient to meet the
requirements for future networks. For this reason, performance beyond the standards can be
very important.

Simulated nano-chimneys show that circuit cooling at the nanoscale is possible

Cooling and other issues derived from scaling continue to obstruct nanoelectronics from reaching their full disruptive potential. Preventing the heat build-up at the nanoscale from damaging embedded electronics remains challenging, but researchers from Rice University determined that a few nanoscale adjustments enable graphene-carbon nanotube junctions to excel at transferring heat away from nanoelectronics and preventing structural damage.
In theory, all it takes is building a cone-like “chimney” between the graphene and nanotube to give heat a way to escape. That’s what Rice University theoretical physicist Boris Yakobson claims in a research paper published in the American Chemical Society’s Journal of Physical Chemistry C.
Graphene nanotubes, like carbon nanotubes, excel at rapidly transferring electricity and phonons — atoms or molecules in condensed matter that collectively behave in an excitation state to create physical properties like electrical conductivity. Both types of nanotubes consist of six-atom rings that form a chicken wire-like mesh, but when a nanotube is grown from the graphene itself, the atoms create a seven-sided heptagonal ring that’s excellent for storing hydrogen for energy applications but scatters phonons and restricts the release of heat.
Yakobson and his team discovered — by way of simulation — that removing atoms from specific points in the two-dimensional graphene base forces a cone to form between the graphene and the nanotube. The resulting geometric properties require the same number of total heptagons and leave a clear path for the dissipation of heat from nanoelectronics.
“Our interest in advancing new applications for low-dimensional carbon — fullerenes, nanotubes, and graphene — is broad,” Yakobson said. The “chimneys” may be used as building blocks to fill three-dimensional spaces with different designs, “creating anisotropic, non-uniform scaffolds with properties that none of the current bulk materials have. In this case, we studied a combination of nanotubes and graphene, connected by cones, motivated by seeing such shapes obtained in our colleagues’ experimental labs.”
The Rice team’s simulation tested phonon conduction using free-standing nanotubes, pillared graphene, and nano-chimneys with a cone radius of 20 or 40 angstroms. Each offered a different degree of conductivity. The pillar graphene was 20% less conductive than plain nanotubes, while the 20-angstrom nano-chimneys were as conductive as the plain nanotubes. The nano-chimney whose diameter measured 40 angstroms offered a 20% improvement over the nanotubes.
“The tunability of such structures is virtually limitless, stemming from the vast combinatorial possibilities of arranging the elementary modules,” said Alex Kutana, a Rice research scientist and co-author of the study. “The actual challenge is to find the most useful structures, given a vast number of possibilities, and then make them in the lab reliably.”

ExBII series electrical connectors are anti-explosion electrical connectors designed for petroleum top drive systems. (mechanical device on a drilling rig that provides clockwise torque to the drill string to facilitate the process of drilling a borehole). It is flame-proof and the ingress protection level is IP 68. It is high reliable and can be used in both the top drive, or other explosion proof or harsh applications such as mud, desert, etc.
The performances are listed as following:
● Protection level: IP68
● Operation temperature: －55℃~＋60℃
● Anti-explosion level: ExdI, ExdII
● Working current: 5A/10A/25A/250A/500A/1000A
● Working voltage: 500VAC/1000VAC/2000VAC
● Number of positions: 1, 12, 20, 55, 68, etc
● Mechanical endurance: 500 cycles
● Compliant standard: IEC60079-0/IEC60079-1
Jonhon ExBII series anti-explosion connectors are widely used in the top drive cable assemblies in many applications worldwide. The connectors are mainly used in the motive power and signal transmission between body section and move terminal, move terminal and vertical section, vertical section and level section, level section and electric control room of the top drive.

Fiber Optic Trends

Since the time of the cavemen there is evidence that communication has existed. It is what separates us .Communications is growing at a geometric level continually. The fiber optic technology plays a major role in shaping our lives. In the heart of this advancement is our Data network and its communication to the world around us.
The Data industry is the glue that holds the access advancement in communication together. It provides increase bandwidth, efficiency improvements, migration and speed. It creates opportunity to create innovative usage leading to advancement as to usage and creative new developments.
We have made the transition from Storage of information to analyzing and processing. The Cloud and user demand has required speed, efficiency and costs in interconnect that only fiber optics can assure for future user experiences.
Particularly the needs of the millennial population that are more in tune with the needs for connectivity is the trend setter for more and more expansive connectivity. The industry is creating solutions at in fiber optic technology at a stunning rate to satisfy the ever demanding priorities of the millennials.

JONHON’s JL30JL Series micro rectangular filter connectors

JONHON’s JL30JL Series micro rectangular filter connectors reliably transmit signals in harsh environment electronics while controlling high-frequency EMI disturbances with both C and Pi filter configurations. Designed to help solve size, density, and EMI issues in aviation, aerospace, and weapons equipment, the series is compliant with GJB2446, which is equivalent to MIL-STD-83513. It features a small, straight mating structure with a metal shielding shell, conductive cushion, and high-reliability twisted pin contact system, and is resistant to shock, vibration, extreme temperatures, and salt spray, and rated for 200VDC and 3A.

Determining When to Shield Aircraft Wiring

A common question when it comes to designing an aircraft’s electrical wiring interconnect system (EWIS) is which of the cables should be shielded? There are several standards, such as MIL-STD-461, Requirements for the Control of Electromagnetic Interference Characteristics of Subsystems and Equipment, that provide an excellent basis for topics and testing that should be considered. But for those who aren’t interested in reading a 280-page standard, this article reviews several shielding considerations that should be made before making particular design choices.
Why Shield?
The quick and simple answer is to limit the impact of electromagnetic interference (EMI) on system performance. But just because EMI is a concern doesn’t mean that shielding should be used on the wiring for every system. The consequences of selecting a shielded cable construction include increased bend radius, increased weight, and increased installation/repair time.
There are a couple of options when protecting systems from EMI and implementing shielding. These options include: shielding only the signal wires, shielding only the power wires, and shielding both. Each of these is reviewed here.
Shield Signal Wires
The starting point for many engineers and EWIS designers is to limit the potential EMI impact on signal cables. After all, these cables, which send signals with low voltages (often less than 10V) at high data speeds, can be negatively impacted by the electrical noise of aircraft equipment. So, protecting the integrity of signals thus improves the confidence in the data integrity.
How far away does your wire/cable need to be to avoid the impacts of EMI? This is a difficult question to answer due to the many factors impacting EMI. Shielding can be an easier solution.
Of course, once the signal wires are identified for EMI protection/shielding, the question is whether the individual wires/pairs should also be shielded if inside a multiconductor cable. This decision is dependent on the data rate, as high frequencies generate more EMI and are more susceptible to EMI. With shielding a cable and the internal pairs, the outer shielding can be a generalized shield and the internal shield can be optimized to shield the frequencies likely to be carried by the internal wires.
The benefits of shielding the signal wires:
Transmitted data for each system is isolated
If improved EMI protection is needed, it can be implemented system by system
Conceptually easy to address and plenty of available shielded cable options
Shield Power Wires
Another perspective is to shield the power wires. A typical aircraft design will have a larger percentage of signal wires than power wires, so it can be easier to shield the power wires.
When considering the latest trends in electrical power systems, there are several systems that gain equipment control with the use of pulse width modulation and wide frequency power generation. Each of these systems offer power and control benefits, but create new challenges for EMI. For example, the use of pulse width modulated power with high-frequency current changes (dI/dt) can generate strong electromagnetic flux (EMF) and impact nearby signal wires.
The benefits of shielding the power wires:
Reduce the EMI sources throughout the aircraft
Possible overall aircraft EMI reduction, thus reducing noise for sensitive electronic equipment
Additional chafe protection for power cables
Shield Both
Another option is to shield both, which provides the benefits of both; however, this option comes with significant weight penalty. Solutions for reducing the overall weight burden of shielding exist, but there will always be a financial and weight cost for shielding. The difficulty with implementing this solution is that many of the harnesses become part of line replaceable units (LRUs), which aren’t designed for field maintenance of just the harness. Naturally, the argument here is: If you can increase the reliability of a wire harness by a factor of two (as an example, no data to support), would you be willing to remove the field serviceable capability?
The use of shielding to protect wiring and signals has been around for generations, but the importance of protecting signal integrity is more important than ever in modern aircraft designs. There are multiple strategies for accomplishing this, and the implementation of shielding is entirely dependent on the performance requirement and the operation frequencies of the signal equipment.
In the end, it comes down to what design choice can create the safest EWIS design capable of completing the prescribed task.

Hermetic Sealed Connectors

Hermetically sealed connectors- ExB series explosion-proof connectors
JONHON ExB series explosion-proof connectors have been developed in 2009, and are a mature and provan product series. This series of connectors are being installed internationally with excellent results.throughout the off shore oil drilling industry.
For many years JONHON ExB series have perfectected contact arrangement, including various cores of 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, 16, 20, 25, and 30, and currents of 20A, 25A, 60A, 100A, 150A, 200A and 1000A.
Precision dimension design and process control make sure that the gasket has the optimal compression design during production, and ensures the protection property of the components, which have reach to IP68 and can be applied to the long-term immersion environment. Meanwhile, JONHON use selected engineering plastic and sealing rubber materials to assure that the products can be used in severe cold and intense hot environments, and be widely used in the sea environment and artificial islands.

Industrial interconnects

Industrial interconnects
With the high-speed development of robot industry, the requirements for industrial robots become more and more critical. Industrial robot is running toward miniaturization, fast response, high precision, etc, direction develop, especially it is of particular importance to adapt to kinds of severe working environment, so, this demands the connector and component being miniaturization, high reliability, and resistance to environment. As the robot becoming more and more “smart”, and connect with IOT and cloud computing, it also demands the connector component has the capacity of high-speed transmission.
JONHON M12 series connector can meet the application requirements of Industrial robot industry. This series of connectors conform to the IEC61076-2-101, standard interface, so can be widely used. It has a variety of termination form. Five kinds of codes realize the function of anti-mistake, protection grade reaches IP67. M12 series of connector can satisfy the harsh industrial environments, structural strength, protective performance and corrosion resistance ability. They also can meet the ten-gigabit transmission requirements in the industrial automation field. In summary, they can collect the signals collected by the terminal sensor, at the same time, they should also be responsible for the transmission of signal, which transfer from control system to the robot ontology, reducer, and servo motor.
The M12 series plug, which successfully apply to the Xin Song robot, only φ16mm in max outside diameter, and less than 50mm in length, is the smallest products on the market right now. It realized the function of setting more connectors in the same piece of board, and leaving more space to the user.

Hybrid cooling technologies

Cooling
The goal of any efficient data center colocation provider
is to meet the cooling needs of the computing
equipment and facility and drive down cooling costs
and the power usage effectiveness rating or PUE.
PUE shows how much overhead is associated with
delivery of power to the rack. A measurement of
1 says there is no overhead. 1.2 would represent
20% overhead. In the most efficient scenario, customers
would pay for the power they use (metered)
multiplied by a PUE factor to account for additional
power needed to cool the facility and keep the
lights and other devices running. Look for a colocation
provider who is thinking ahead and utilizing
natural resources, such as free outside air, and managing
to a low PUE.
• Hybrid cooling technologies. Look for providers
using advanced, natural forms of cooling. Not only
will this drive down costs, but it will also lessen the
impact on the environment. Also look for a data
center that integrates and optimizes these “free
cooling” technologies into a hybrid cooling plant,
capable of “mixing” cooling methods to be most
efficient. Many such progressive colocation data
centers are EPA ENERGY STAR certified.
• Look for 100% availability. Many data centers
boast 99% uptime. In today’s high-demand,
always-on information economy, that one percent
can cost millions of dollars. One percent downtime
means over 7 hours of outages per month and
over 3.5 days of outages per year.
• Expect thorough cooling redundancy. Like the
power requirements, with increased density, data
centers are susceptible to overheating if an inadequate
cooling system is in place. State-of-the-art
colocation data centers offer an N+2 chiller plant
and N+2 or greater redundancy on air handling
units (CRAC or CRAH).

EX Connectors for Off Shore Rugged Total Immersion

JONHON’s EX series connectors are the ideal solution for oil equipment sectors, and
are widely used in the sea environment and artificial islands. Using for electrical
coupling between equipment and cables、cables and cables under harsh
environment such as long term immersion. The maximum power of these EX series
connectors are 1000V/1000A, the current can range from 25A to 200A.
JONHON’s EX series connectors are designed to satisfy all the electrical transmission
requirements of power control room. Protection is provided for IP68 applications per
IEC-EX specifications in the mated or unmated condition.

Application of Fluid Datacom Interconnect Products

With the rapid development of the data communication industry today, the heating power of the electronic components will continue increasing, thermal control technology of the electronic components there are greater challenges. Good heat dispersion and relatively low cost makes the liquid cooling technology an important channel to solve the heat dissipation problems. High efficiency and low cost liquid-cooled heat dissipation technology requires the increased development for the data communications industry’s cooling technology; JONHON will provide professional, reliable and high-end cooling solutions.
JONHON’s liquid cooling products have four great advantages.
1. JONHON has a strong R&D ability; designs and produces core technology of the liquid cooling products.
2. JONHON has a full set of liquid-cooled products manufacturing capacity, including cold source, chassis, cold plate, pipe, and connectors.
3. JONHON has advanced inspection and testing system, all the products are strictly controlled, high reliability, and appropriate performance.
4. JONHON has a high quality service team and provides liquid cooling solutions according to customer’ requirements with has the global maintenance and application support ability.

The role of quick disconnect couplings in liquid cooling: Five attributes that contribute to connector reliability

JONHON Oil Filed Top Drive Cable Products

JONHON Oil Filed Top Drive Cable Products
JONHON has been committed to the development of oil industry connectors and other connecting solutions，which can meet the needs of petroleum geophysical prospecting, drilling, well logging ,etc.
The interconnector solutions for oil filed include three types, which are power cables, auxiliary power cables and control cables, respectively used to motor driving, fan power supplying and controlling. Each cable can be design to be winding cable, vertical section cable and ground cable and so on to meet the customer’s need.
The current of power cables which installed in the top drive interconnect components JONHON designed are various from single core 300A to single core 1000A, the auxiliary power cables cores number are various from 12 to 20, control cables cores number are various from 55 to 68, and both of them can customized by customer’s requirements.

Robust Structured Cabling for Harsh Environments

Robust Structured Cabling for Harsh Environments
by Contributed Article on October 6, 2016
The proliferation of digital information, wireless handheld devices, and Ethernet into every facet of our lives means that connections to networks need to be in more places than ever before. There are an increasing number of everyday environments not quite severe enough to be considered “industrial,” but still in need of something more ruggedized than what exists in everyday commercial office environments.
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Cabling for Harsh Environments
Manufacturing environments have rapidly migrated to Industrial Ethernet over the past decade as a means to deliver information for industrial automation and control systems and to integrate factory environments with the corporate LAN. Because of this, the industry is seeing a growing demand for network cables, patch cords, and connectors capable of withstanding more severe conditions.
The proliferation of digital information, wireless handheld devices, and Ethernet into every facet of our lives means that connections to networks need to be in more places than ever before. There are an increasing number of everyday environments not quite severe enough to be considered “industrial,” but still in need of something more ruggedized than what exists in everyday commercial office environments. Extending networks into these harsher environments is becoming a common requirement among network designers and installers.
As our world becomes more digital, non-industrial harsh environments that require network access are popping up everywhere – from outdoor eateries and theme parks to laboratories and warehouses. Many of these harsher environments may be subjected to dust, moisture, temperature extremes, contaminants, and other factors that can adversely impact standard commercial-grade networking components. It’s important for designers and installers faced with extending networks into these harsh environments to understand which industry standards to follow and which type of cable and connectivity to deploy, so they don’t need to replace components due to corrosion and damage from harsher environmental elements.
While standards for industrial environments are certainly applicable to factory floors, manufacturing plants, and processing facilities, the same standards can be used to determine the type of ruggedized cable and connectivity required for those in-between environments that are not as clearly identified as either commercial or industrial.
The international standard ISO/IEC 24702 provides application-independent requirements for both balanced copper and fiber optic cable systems that support Ethernet-based data communications in industrial environments. The standard provides implementation options and requirements for cable and connectivity that reflect the operating environments within industrial premises. ISO/IEC 24702, along with its comparable US TIA-1005 and European EN 50173-3 standards, incorporate the MICE method of classifying parameters for the materials needed to build an industrial network.
MICE stands for “mechanical, ingress, climatic, and electromagnetic” and includes three levels of environmental harshness: Level 1 for everyday commercial office environments, level 2 for light industrial, and level 3 for industrial.
While the MICE method is used to determine the harshness level of commercial, light industrial, and industrial, rarely is an environment exclusive to one MICE classification. Furthermore, one run of cabling from point A to point B can traverse through various MICE classifications along the route. Designers planning cabling systems in harsh environments need to have a good understanding of the environment and what constitutes levels 1, 2, and 3 for each parameter. In some cases, measuring the environment can require specialized equipment, especially when it comes to measuring vibration and electromagnetic interference. The standards include MICE tables to help determine which levels exist within the targeted environment.
The trick to using MICE levels to determine components is to always consider the worst-case scenario and worst-case level parameter, regardless of the other parameters. For example, an environment exposed to liquid may be classified as M1I3C1E1. If only ruggedized components meeting M3I3C3E3 are available, they may need to be used regardless of whether that level of protection is required for all parameters.
When it comes to selecting ruggedized cable and connectivity, both copper and fiber solutions may need to be considered – especially as more fiber is extending out of the commercial data center and telecommunications room environment to bring higher bandwidth closer to the work area outlet or to deal with longer-distance requirements.
While not all MICE parameters will relate to both copper and fiber, especially with fiber being immune to electromagnetic interference, the IP66/IP67 rating on connectivity can easily apply to both, as can other mechanical, climatic, and chemical parameters. In general, ruggedized cable and connectivity solutions for harsher environments should feature components and characteristics such as the following:
• Chemical-resistant thermoplastic housing on connectivity – Plugs and outlets should use materials that provide the widest range of protection from most solvents and common industrial chemicals.
• Dust caps for outlets – Ruggedized dust caps can protect unused outlets and seal outlets during washdowns.
• IP67-rated copper and fiber connectivity – Ruggedized outlets and modular patch cords with an IP66/IP67-rated seal protect plugs and outlet contacts from dust and moisture.
• Shielded twisted-pair cabling for copper – Shielded copper cabling such as F/UTP cables and S/FTP cables will provide much higher resistance to EMI/RFI.
• More durable cable jacket materials – Jacket materials such as polyurethane and thermoplastic elastomers can provide better tensile strength and lower temperature flexibility and brittle points, as well as better tear, abrasion, chemical, and moisture resistance.
• IP44-rated faceplates – Stainless steel faceplates with rear sealing gaskets provide a protective seal from moisture and debris.
• NEMA 4X enclosures – Enclosures and surface-mount boxes with a NEMA rating will protect the termination points of ruggedized outlets.
With an increase in the number of harsh environments that are an extension of the corporate LAN, designers and installers who are experienced in commercial environments may not necessarily understand industrial standards, how to use MICE parameters, or which product features to look for. Furthermore, standards-based methods and parameters for determining the level of harshness and the components required are not always cut and dry.
While industry standards can be used for determining components based on environment, they often refer to in-between environments as “light industrial.” This term can be confusing when the environment is clearly not one that is industrial but is simply an extension of the commercial LAN into a harsher environment. Consequently, “industrial” standards are not always followed during the planning stages of these environments, which can result in the use of inadequate components and network failures.

The Rugged Connector Checklist

Rugged connectors are required for applications in a wide variety of settings, from sterile medical facilities to downhole oil and gas rigs. Key considerations for specification include the environment, the function, and the performance requirements.
Rugged Connector Checklist
Rugged connectors must be able to function in environments and under circumstances that would challenge typical connectors. But what exactly makes a connector “rugged”? Environmental challenges that require a more durable component include the following:
• Sudden acceleration and shock loads cause the connector to become disengaged or can cause the contact interface to temporarily separate, interrupting the signal.
• Vibration leads to intermittent contact and fretting corrosion at the contact interface, if the contacts are not stiff enough. With sufficient amplitude, vibration can also cause the connection to become loose or to disengage altogether.
• Excessive heat or cold causes several problems: At high temperatures, metal contacts may lose strength and ductility and experience stress relaxation. Plastic components may creep or distort. Cold temperatures can make materials brittle. Different rates of thermal expansion between components can stress or break seals, which can allow any corrosive gasses or liquids in the environment to attack the contact interface or other connector components.
• Dust and other abrasive elements encourage wear of the plating and can build up at the contact interface, interfering with the electrical path and potentially causing open circuit conditions.
• Corrosive elements such as ammonia (stress-corrosion cracking), sulfur-containing compounds (sulfide stress cracking), and chlorine-containing compounds (stress-corrosion cracking) can attack the copper-based alloys used for the contacts as well as the steel or plastic used in the housings.
• A high number of mating cycles causes wear of plating, the permanent set of contacts if the connector is misaligned while mating, and even low cycle fatigue if the strain is high enough.
• Water often contains dissolved salts that accelerate most forms of corrosion. Many other corrosive or abrasive elements found in the environment will either be dissolved into or carried by water.
• Sterilization of medical components is usually performed in an autoclave using high temperature/high pressure steam, ethylene oxide, nitrogen dioxide, or ozone. If the component has a built-in connector, it must be able to survive this exposure.
A rugged connector may be required simply because it would be inconvenient or expensive to replace. It is much easier to replace a coaxial connector inside a home than 60 meters above the ground on a cell tower. Similarly, connectors on a battlefield, in outer space, downhole, undersea, or in a mine far from populated areas may be impractical or impossible to replace on demand. Connectors used in these environments must be designed to survive far more abuse than their counterparts in more benign locations.
Specification of rugged connectors is often necessary due to the specific application requirements:
• Military connectors are subject to shock, impact, heat, vibration, and abrasive particles. They may also see a high number of mating cycles in harsh environments.
• Aerospace connectors can experience high acceleration, extreme high or low temperatures, vibration, radiation, and extreme low or high pressure. If the connector is going into orbit, the materials used must be radiation-tolerant and should not outgas under vacuum or low pressure. This is particularly important since differential thermal expansion under repeated extreme temperature swings (less than -125°C to greater than +150°C) makes sealing difficult.
• Automotive connectors must survive potential exposure to heat (up to 185°C), vibration (up to 30g depending on location), corrosive gasses, water, and salt, while coping with the challenge of powering more electronic devices and running ever more circuits through the same amount of space. Connectors located in the engine compartment also have the potential to be exposed during routine maintenance to fluids such as ethylene glycol, oils and greases, transmission fluid, etc. EVs and HEVs may have busses operating at 100V – 200V, which means there is the potential to vaporize the contacts via arcing if the connector is disengaged while the circuit is live.
• Downhole oil and gas connectors routinely see high pressures (20,000 psi) and temperatures (175°C – 225°C), shock, and vibration. If seals fail, they could also potentially be exposed to highly corrosive and erosive fluids, so they must be able to survive this exposure until the tool can be pulled out of the ground.
• Mining and off-highway connectors will experience a great deal of shock and vibration. Mining environments are filled with highly abrasive dust and other particulates, especially in salt or coal mines. Those used outside will also see the potential for exposure to water, possibly with dissolved corrosive elements.
• General industrial connectors may need to withstand shock, vibration, heat, fluid exposure, abrasive dust or particles, and exposure to a wide variety of chemicals in manufacturing environments.
• Medical connectors often are required to support hybrid functionality. This means that they need incorporated, separated connection points for electrical signals, power, liquids, gasses, etc. Furthermore, they have the potential to be exposed to medical and bodily fluids and may even need to be able to survive the sterilization process.
• General outdoor connectors must withstand rain, snow, dust, liquid ingress, and any potential corrosive gasses in the atmosphere. Near the ocean this may include salt spray and in agricultural areas ammonia vapors from fertilizer.
• Marine connectors must be sealed to protect against fluid ingress and salt. The housing material must be able to stand up to salt water, salt spray, marine diesel, etc., without corrosion.
Connectors in these environments still must exhibit basic connector functionality, and may even need to contend with additional requirements:
• They need to mate easily and stay mated. Someone may need to plug in or unplug a connector while wearing surgical gloves, work gloves, etc. The mating force must be low enough to meet ergonomic requirements (75N or less mating force in automotive), but the extraction force cannot be so low that it can easily come loose under shock and vibration. This may require some kind of mechanical assist built into the connector housing.

A new data center cooling solution company

Jonhon is a premier provider of engineering cooling and interconnect solutions for global data centers.
The company’s solutions include heat sink board level solutions, air movement chassis solutions, Fluid cooling and cabling density solutions to improve Power Usage Effectiveness.
Since its formulation in 2006, Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) has been the gold standard for the measurement of data center energy efficiency.
Gerald Heller Director of Business Development at JAS Interconnect Solutions, Jonhon’s Master Distributor, says PUE has been, and remains to be a useful benchmark for data centers to define their power usage effectiveness. Jonhon’s combined cooling and interconnect capacity provides the best solutions from a single source.
Owners and operators have been looking for the next step to better understand their cooling and identify opportunities to help ensure that their investments in mission critical facilities can confidently deliver maximum capacity for the business effectively and efficiently,” explains Heller.
Jonhon can evaluate energy use in data centers and provide a complete solution for maximum efficiency and the best cooling solution.
Jonhon highlights the three metrics as below:
• PUE ratio (PUEr) - expressing PUE in relation to intended operation
• IT Thermal Conformance - ensuring the IT operates at suitable air inlet temperatures in normal operation
• IT Thermal Resilience - minimizing the risk of equipment overheat in the cases of redundant cooling system failure and/or planned maintenance
Data centers of all sizes can use Jonhon’s solution technology to gain the most detailed understanding possible of their cooling effectiveness.

Guide to select Circular Mil Equivalent Connectors

Guide for Circular Mil Connectors
For many people working with high end, harsh and no-fail environment connector systems, Mil Spec will be the system of choice.
Their longevity, track record of reliability and known quality makes them an easy design for any engineer. However, for non-technical buyers the part numbering system can be baffling.
The following guide will help de-mystify the part numbers and help you to understand the different types.
Let’s start with some basics: this guide is dealing with circular connectors and the image (right) shows the typical construction on the connectors.
What are the main types of connector series?
The most popular Mil Spec connectors in standard use are: MIL-DTL-5015, MIL-DTL-26482 and MIL-DTL-38999.
This is where most people get lost, finding it difficult to get their heads around the part numbers and differences. However, with the following all will become clear!
How are the connectors most commonly used?
MIL-DTL-5015
• Older larger series of connectors
• Found on many pieces of military equipment and commercial applications
• Mostly heavy current carrying connectors
• Early types had only solder type contacts
MIL-DTL-26482
• Widely used smaller connectors
• Extensive use on military equipment including aircraft as well as commercial applications
• Available with either crimp or solder type contacts
• 3 point bayonet coupling
• Popular low cost series
MIL-DTL-38999
• Preferred for new design by the Military
• The smallest of all the Mil Spec connector types
• Greatest growth potential of all cylindricals
• Most commonly used in Automotive and Auto sport products
• MIL-DTL-38999 has rear release, crimp removable contacts
To summarize, I like to think of the systems in the following way:
MIL-DTL-5015 – Oldest and largest connectors
MIL-DTL-26482 – Most common widely adopted
MIL-DTL-38999 – Smallest and fast becoming the connector of choice for new designs
Basic principles
This guide has in no way been overtly technical as too much emphasis is made on the technical attributes of connectors and not enough of the practical uses of connectors.
Once you understand the basic principles involved it becomes easier to understand the choices engineers make on selecting appropriate connectors. There is a mine of information surrounding Mil Spec connectors, however, I hope this has been useful. And, as always, ask your friendly cable assembly company to guide you to the best system for your products.

The Importance of Value for Industrial Interconnect Considerations

The Importance of Value for Industrial Interconnect Considerations
High-Quality but Affordable
Jonhon delivers Mil-spec high quality Connectors at a lower production cost. Jonhon connectors are the best value for D38999 Circular Connectors
Jonhon connectors are immediately available with the quality and price you are looking for by driving down production, marketing, and distribution costs.
This is a typical interconnect advertisement featuring price as the main feature to purchase a popular industrial mil equivalent circular D38999 connector. The advertisement objectifies the main reason for an interconnect decision, that being price. Many interconnect companies beside Avic Jonhon Optronics Technology offer great prices, stellar service high quality and strong brand recognition. However there is a need to base your interconnect needs for the long term on VALUE not price.
Value is the sum of Benefits to you and your company, minus the Costs. What exactly are the Benefits you can look for when considering Jonhon for your Value Interconnect partner?
You can easily find availability of product information yourself, and therefore no great benefit, without the direct communication and assistance of your interconnect partner. It is however the value of Jonhon or another solution oriented manufacturer with extraordinary expertise you do want. The ability to offer solutions to your atypical interconnect requirements as well as your obvious transactual needs are the key to Benefits which increases the value propositions.
Jonhon has in 40 years with 250,000 SKUs provide Industrial interconnect solution for:
1. Data Transmission and Telecommunications
2. Petroleum Equipment
3. New Energy Vehicles
4. Power Equipment
5. Railway Signals and Rail Transit
6. Civil Aviation
7. Optical, Fluid, Electrical Technology Solutions
Benefits are derived when your interconnect partner when it is necessary for your interconnect partner can provide solutions for problems that emerge can evaluate your concerns and implement with a variety of products and engineering expertise in numerous industrial market segments the solutions you require. Jonhon has over 1000 R&D engineers that are Industrial market and product specific working on development of industrial interconnect solutions 100% of the time.

Industry leading line of RF coaxial connectors and adapters

Jonhon designs and manufactures an industry leading line of RF coaxial connectors and adapters, which are available in both 50 and 75 ohm versions. Jonhon connectors are designed to provide the highest quality data transmission for audio, video and data applications. The Jonhon line of products can address frequency ranges from DC to 65GHz and R&D to 110 GHz. Jonhon RF connectors include all sizes from Ultra-miniature interfaces (UMC), Micro-miniature, (MCX, MMCX, SMP), Subminiature (SMA, SMB, SMK,), Medium connectors (Type N connectors) through to large connectors (DIN7/16). The breadth of products available within the Jonhon range includes board and cable mount connectors as well as semi-rigid, conformable, and flexible RF coaxial cables.

Interconnect solution manufacturer to the medical industry.

Avic Jonhon Optronics Technology is an interconnect solution manufacturer to the medical industry. Our interconnect solutions are used extensively in areas where integrity and reliability is essential to the well-being of a patient. Our products facilitate medical trends toward less invasive procedures.
Jonhon products are designed to meet the specific requirements of the medical industry. Jonhon products are tailored to offer lighter weight, high density, high power, EMI protection, shielded connectors, RF, long cycle life, low contact resistance, shock and vibration immunity, and exceptional design flexibility. In addition Jonhon has fiber optic and conventional medical cable complete assembly and enclosures.

Size Matters! Small Connectors Deliver High Data Transfer Rates

Abstract: For commercial applications, high speed data cable connectors such as Micro D, Nano D, Ethernet, USB, HDMI and others, come in a number of different shapes and sizes, typically specified as a part of the protocol standard they support. For many industrial and harsh environment applications, there is a need for ruggedized versions of these connectors to protect against malfunction caused by dirt or fluid contamination, as well as damage that might be caused by excessive external force. The traditional solution adopted by many manufacturers has been to create universal solutions that incorporate current form factors – with mixed results regarding size, performance and usability. This paper examines the challenges faced by manufacturers in designing ruggedized connectors for high speed data transfer – not only with regard to size, but also factors such as ease-of-use, performance, durability and transmission reliability. Field Tested The current evolution of the “Future” is striving to advance the technology of devices designed for the Rugged Environments. It foresees lightweight, miniaturized and customized devices that enhance the specific role of each category of Field applications. The applications extend to all areas of Humionics used by installers, including communication systems, computers and C2 systems, navigation systems, night vision devices, laser rangefinders and pointers, and location systems, batteries, power distribution and generation systems, physiologic status monitors, and human performance enhancement systems (e.g., exoskeletons). Gloves with integrated LED or fiberoptic flashlights, for example, reduce the burden of carrying – and perhaps losing – a traditional flashlight). Similarly, wrist mounted wireless equipment minimizes the time to communicate with field headquarters in critical situations.
The wrist-mounted tablet and chest mounted laptop devices are about optimum in size; any smaller and their screen contents might be unreadable. These devices, however, may also require interconnect cabling both for power and data transfer. Cable thicknesses are dictated by both electrical and physical constraints. The number of signal lines, plus signal conductivity and shielding requirements are among the electrical constraints, while durability is the primary physical factor. If the cables were too thin, they might be too delicate for use in the harsh environment in which the Rugged Field workers operates. Too thick, and they would become less flexible and too heavy. The final class of component that plays an important role in the operators’s wearable equipment is the cable connector. Several factors must be considered with regard to the design of connectors: • They must be as small in diameter as possible, to minimize the possibility of getting snagged by objects – for example, tree branches or brush – in the path of the field operator. • They must support a comprehensive range of protocols. • They must have no significant impact on the data transfer rate for the protocol they support, offering negligible impedance in the data path even under extreme environmental conditions. They must be durable, with the ability to be connected and disconnected thousands of times with no impact on their performance (i.e. capable of a high number of mating cycles). • They must be capable of ‘break-away’ (i.e. de-mating under excessive force) in the event that their cable does get snagged, so that devices to which they are attached do not get damaged. • They must be dirt proof and water resistant, as well as capable of operating in a wide range of temperatures.
Jonhon, has taken a different approach. Instead of accommodating standard connectors, they have designed a physical interface that can meet all the electrical and functional specifications of diverse high-speed protocols, but in a more compact format. Their J30 and J70 series of miniature D connectors uses standard sized shells which offers a variety of internal pin/socket configuration options to accommodate the diverse protocols. • Ethernet (1Gbps – 10Gbps) • USB 2.0 and 3.0 • Firewire S400 • HDMI 2.0 The Jonhon connectors are also capable of supporting multiple protocols within a single cable when crosstalk is not an issue. With up to 2.5 times smaller diameter and up to 10 times smaller volume than most competitive protocol-specific connectors, Jonhon is clearly the superior choice with regard to miniaturization. Data Transfer Rates, The design objective for connector manufacturers is to ensure that their products not only achieve these throughput rates, but are capable of doing so under challenging conditions for prolonged periods of time. In an effort to offer comparable miniaturization to Jonhon’s product line, some manufacturers have recently used their existing miniature connectors to interconnect protocol-specific cables. This can cause a variety of problems when “piggy-backing” on engineering from specifications or schemes not designed to meet the current requirements from the ground up. For example, several miniature connectors are available that contain 7 pins. A USB cable only requires 4 pins; so if a 7-pin connector is used in a USB cable, 3 pins remain unused. In practice, this works satisfactorily at lower frequencies, but at higher data rates throughput falls off significantly. To achieve full throughput when operating in the multi-gigabit per second range requires specialized connector design specific to each transmission protocol. With that in mind, let’s now review the most important electrical, mechanical and environmental factors that manufacturers must consider when developing a high-speed connector family intended for rugged industrial applications. Electrical Considerations There are several electrical characteristics of a connector that govern its operational capabilities; among them: • Current rating – how many amps of current can the connector pins carry without overheating. • Insertion loss – the power loss from one side of the connector to the other; the smaller, the better. • Return loss – a consequence of any mismatch between the impedance of the system and the impedance of the connector. Such a mismatch results in some signal reflection back to the source, which in high speed data transmission may cause data errors. • Susceptibility to electromagnetic interference (EMI) – the better the quality of shielding surrounding the connector pins and cable wires, the lower the potentially disruptive effects of EMI. Mechanical Considerations The relevant mechanical characteristics of a connector that determine its suitability for rugged applications are durability and reaction to physical stress. In this case, durability refers to the number of times the two halves of the connector can be mated and unmated without diminishing its performance – i.e. the maximum number of mating cycles. In rugged conditions, the likelihood is very high that cables interconnecting wearable devices will receive substantial physical punishment – such as ground contact or being snagged by tree branches. If the connector halves fail to separate under physical stress, the result could be that the devices themselves would get ripped out of the installers’s uniform, possibly resulting in irreparable damage. The ability of a connector to separate cleanly under duress is referred to as “break-away” – an essential option for dismounted applications. Environmental Considerations Numerous factors define harsh environments. These include temperature extremes, humidity extremes, dust and dirt contamination, exposure to chemicals and gases, and immersion in water. The degree of protection against intrusion by particulate matter and fluids are defined by the IEC standard 60529, which provides a means of rating products known as the Ingress Protection (IP) marking. For example, IP67 means that the product is completely dust-tight and capable of operating when submersed in water at a depth of up to 1 meter. IP68 applies for depths greater than 1 meter, often interpreted by manufacturers as meaning 20 meters or more. Value Added Support Finally, no matter how good the connectors are in the middle and at the ends of a cable assembly, their advantages can be completely negated by a poor quality, or by poor manufacturing. To circumvent such potential shortcomings, some connector manufacturers, Jonhon for example, offer custom cable assembly services to their customers. This paper has focused on the importance of small size and weight for cable connectors used in Future rugged applications. The same advantages of connectors such as the J70 Nano D series also apply to most other rugged applications, since much of the interconnected equipment resides onboard vehicles operating in hostile environments pace and weight are always at a premium. Transmission equipment via a high-speed cable at rates up to 10Gbps are an example. The cable and its connector must of course be highly reliable and offer excellent signal shielding. A second example is a multi-com control unit used used for off shore wind and oil platforms. In this case the IP68 rating of the unit and its cable connectors allow it to operate under water to a depth of 20 meters. Jonhon connectors are mechanically keyed to prevent incorrect cable connections and color-coded to make correct selection easier. Another example is a high-speed camera utilizing several panel-mounted connectors from the Jonhon product line. With an extraordinarily high frame capture rate, a camera like this continuously generates gigabytes of data that must be rapidly transferred to external processing or storage devices. Equipment and cable reliability is of paramount importance, since any single point of failure could result in the loss of critical video data.

New Energy -- Wind Power Solution

New Energy -- Wind Power Solution
The environmental protection issue has always been a hot topic in recent years. Not only the energy conservation and emission reduction in city, but also the Global Warming Conference, and many other actions on environmental protection all show that people pay more attention to the living environment and people has begun to realize the importance of new energy. Wind power, as one of the new energy projects, is on construction in full swing all over the world. Today I am going to introduce the pitch system solutions for wind power.
A set of draught fan includes the tower, vanes and the electric system which has three main systems: pitch system, control system and conversion system. The main function of pitch system which plays a key role on the whole system reliability is to control the speed of fans, the angle of windward, etc.
As it is shown in above picture, the pitch system includes three shaft cabinets, three capacitor cabinets and several cable assemblies between cabinets. There are all kinds of components in cabinet which are connected with each other by internal wiring.
JONHON, with the advanced technology of connector manufacture, strong capability of producing and integrated system development, has the ability on designing and producing wind power industry connectors, cable connectors and rotary connectors.
The main component for conversion system is converter. The operation condition for converter in wind power electric generator is special and the parameters about power, frequency, current, voltage change with the wind. As a result of that, the component should be cooling down assisted by the cooling assistance system. Generally speaking, there are two kinds of cooling ways—wind cooling and fluid cooling. With the development of medium-large scale capacity draught fan and the serious environment conditions in some region, cooling only depending on the wind can not guarantee regular operation. Therefore, the cooling process gradually becomes the main stream of the cooling system on industry equipments.
JONHON has the ability to provide integrated cooling system solutions and can provide customized integrated cooling solutions from cooling source, fluid flow to fluid cooling connector and cooling plate.
Inner part of the conversion cabinet with fluid cooling system:
Beside the converter shown above, there are also large numbers of cooling tubes (blue tube) in the cabinet; the cooling source and cooling plates are connected by joint of tubes. The integrated reliability of the cabinet depends on the reliability of cooling system.
JONHON can provide one-stop solutions including cooling source, cooling connection, cooling tube, cooling plate, etc.

wes release fiber optics

In order to meet the requirement and needs of optic-fiber application in the space, Jonhon has developed a new hermetic optic-fiber connector for aerospace application.
Jonhon connectors have been widely used in China aerospace industry, which has 8 different insert arrangements (from 2pins to 32 pins), and the air leakage of hermetic receptacle is less than 1×10-10Pa•m³/s (inner and outer pressure difference is one standard atmosphere).The connectors work very well in the space environment (vast temperature variations between day and night), and overcome thermal vacuum outgassing with longevity service guaranty.
With more than 40 years’ experience in developing high-tech connectors, Jonhon aims to provide highest quality optic-fiber connectors and best service with preferable price.

JONHON J70(A) series miniature connectors

In order to meet the requirement of limited space and weight, considering harsh environment such as a bad vibration and shock environment, Jonhon's R&D team developed the J70 (A) series connectors. The J70 series complys with MIL-DTL-32139A, and can mate with other brand equivalents. Adopting the wire spring Pin and the interlock system J70A series use the metric system thread, J70 series (British system thread), J70(A) series guarantees stable and reliable contacts even with pitch of 0.635mm. It is presently available in 10 types of connectors and 9 to 85 contacts. J70 series meets cable to cable, cable to board and board to board connection applications.

The news: Microsoft proclaimed in one of its recent commercials that its cloud enables its Partners In Health to stay connected throughout their global reach, but none of that is possible without connectivity options from other wireline providers into data centers.
Enter data center interconnection (DCI). DCI is the process of creating speedy connections between data centers from different providers, thus allowing large enterprise customers, cloud providers, content owners and others more data center options at lower prices.
Traditional service providers connecting into these facilities also are able to reach a broader audience of customers.
Take Cogent, for example, which provides connectivity to over 900 carrier-neutral data centers. The service provider estimates that it has been adding about 90 new data centers to its network every year.
Dave Schaeffer, CEO and founder of Cogent, told FierceTelecom that this reach “allows a lot of OTT content producers to connect to us in multiple markets.”
Telcos are taking an equal interest in DCI. For example, Windstream may have sold off its data center assets in 2014, but the service provider has been hard at work making sure that it’s extending its fiber to key data centers: For example, the service provider is establishing an ultra long-haul (ULH) network on the West Coast and it has also connections into the Miami market to carry traffic in and out of Latin America.
And despite selling its data center business, CenturyLink announced this month that it established a fiber connection to TerraCom’s primary location in Melbourne, Florida, as part of a broader effort to connect to hundreds of data centers in its wireline territory.
Why it matters: As wireline operators look to diversify their revenue mix, the data center interconnection market is one that has a growth path driven by the consumption and distribution of various data forms over the public internet and private networks.
To be desirable interconnection points, data centers require rich fiber and IP-based services that connect their facilities to other major internet peering points. Since these sites are carrier-neutral, traditional and emerging non-telco service providers have a wide choice of network connections that suit their own needs.
By establishing cross connects into major data center facilities, the data center provider and the connecting provider gain benefits: Data center providers attract more customers to their sites, while service provider partners can attract other customers present in the data center with their services.