The fuzzy frontiers between structure determination by powder diffractometry and crystal structure prediction are discussed. The application of a search-match program combined with a database of more than 60 000 predicted powder diffraction patterns is demonstrated. Immediate structure solution (before indexing) is shown to be possible by this method if the discrepancies between the predicted crystal structure cell parameters and the actual ones are <1%. Incomplete chemistry of the hypothetical models (missing interstitial cations, water molecules, etc.) is not necessarily a barrier to a successful identification (in spite of inducing large intensity errors), provided the search-match is made with chemical restrictions on the elements present in both the virtual and experimental compounds.