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Abstract

Abstract. This article presents a new model for explaining the emergence of the party family of extreme right-wing populist parties in Western Europe. As the old master frame of the extreme right was rendered impotent by the outcome of the Second World War, it took the innovation of a new, potent master frame before the extreme right was able to break electoral marginalization. Such a master frame – combining ethnonationalist xenophobia, based on the doctrine of ethnopluralism, with anti-political-establishment populism – evolved in the 1970s, and was made known as a successful frame in connection with the electoral breakthrough of the French Front National in 1984. This event started a process of cross-national diffusion, where embryonic extreme right-wing groups and networks elsewhere adopted the new frame. Hence, the emergence of similar parties, clustered in time (i.e., the birth of a new party family) had less to do with structural factors influencing different political systems in similar ways as with cross-national diffusion of frames. The innovation and diffusion of the new master frame was a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the emergence of extreme right-wing populist parties. In order to complete the model, a short list of different political opportunity structures is added.

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Citing Literature

2Margarita Gómez-Reino, Nationalisms in the European Arena, 2018, 63CrossRef

3Margarita Gómez-Reino, Nationalisms in the European Arena, 2018, 3CrossRef

4Michael De La Caridad Ledezma, Podemos and the New Political Cycle, 2018, 255CrossRef

5Niels Spierings, Marcel Lubbers, Andrej Zaslove, ‘Sexually modern nativist voters’: do they exist and do they vote for the populist radical right?, Gender and Education, 2017, 29, 2, 216CrossRef

6Michał Krzyżanowski, “We Are a Small Country That Has Done Enormously Lot”: The ‘Refugee Crisis’ and the Hybrid Discourse of Politicizing Immigration in Sweden, Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, 2017, 1CrossRef

7Trevor J Allen, All in the party family? Comparing far right voters in Western and Post-Communist Europe, Party Politics, 2017, 23, 3, 274CrossRef

8Henry Farrell, Abraham Newman, BREXIT, voice and loyalty: rethinking electoral politics in an age of interdependence, Review of International Political Economy, 2017, 24, 2, 232CrossRef

9Jasper Muis, Tim Immerzeel, Causes and consequences of the rise of populist radical right parties and movements in Europe, Current Sociology, 2017, 65, 6, 909CrossRef