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Democratization and educational decentralization in Spain : a twenty year struggle for reform (英语)

摘要

Little more than two decades following the death of General Francisco Franco, Spain celebrated its transition from the most centralized, to one of the most decentralized nations in Europe - in government, and in education. Few countries, if any in modern... 更多显示Little more than two decades following the death of General Francisco Franco, Spain celebrated its transition from the most centralized, to one of the most decentralized nations in Europe - in government, and in education. Few countries, if any in modern times, can boast a similar success. The objective of this study is to describe, and analyze the strengths, and weaknesses of a complex, and comprehensive reform that ultimately resulted in a successful, but uneasy transfer of authority, and financial resources, from the center, to the regions. While the reform in law, and policy set out to construct a decentralized educational system, that would be responsive to a state, and regional shared governance process (de jure), the study explains the actual outcome (de facto) which appears to have gone considerably beyond the original intent. This outcome is particularly interesting because decentralization initiatives, typically deliver much less than originally promised. In tracing the change process, this paper examines the turbulent political, economic, and organizational complexities of the reform as it: reacts against the concentrated centralism of the Franco years (1939-1975); makes the transition from autocratic, to democratic government (1975-1982); survives a dramatic shift to political left (1982-1996); and, endures the trauma of shift to the political right (1996-).
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