Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

(PID; Salpingitis)

Definition

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a serious infection of the female reproductive organs. This includes the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. PID can cause scar tissue to form in the pelvis and fallopian tubes. This damage may result in
infertility, a future
tubal pregnancy, or chronic pelvic pain.

Female Reproductive Organs

Causes

PID is caused by specific bacteria. The most common bacteria that initiate PID are
gonorrhea
and
chlamydia.

Risk Factors

PID is more common in women aged 15-24 years. Other factors that may increase your chance of PID:

Current or previous sexually-transmitted disease (STD)

Multiple sex partners

Sexual intercourse with a partner who has an STD

Intercourse without the protection of a condom

Having an
intrauterine device
(IUD) recently insterted for birth control

Symptoms

Women with PID do not always have symptoms. If symptoms do occur, they may include:

Pain in the lower abdomen

Vaginal discharge with a foul odor

Fatigue

Fever

Nausea or vomiting

Painful intercourse

Painful urination

Vaginal bleeding

Diagnosis

Because symptoms are often subtle or nonexistent, PID can be difficult to diagnose. There are no specific tests for PID.

If PID is suspected, the doctor will ask about your symptoms, as well as your sexual history, partners, and birth control methods. A physical and pelvic exam will be done. The pelvic exam is key to making the diagnosis. Samples from the vagina or cervix may be taken to help diagnose the problem.

Tests may include:

Cultures of the cervix to test for STDs

Blood tests to check pregnancy status, and signs of infection

Laparoscopy—insertion of a thin, lighted telescopic tube through a small incision in the abdomen to look at the reproductive organs

Treatment

The primary treatment for PID is antibiotics. Your doctor may prescribe more than one type of antibiotic to treat the problem. Finish the entire dose of each medication, even if your symptoms disappear during treatment.

You may be hospitalized if the diagnosis is uncertain, you do not improve, or your symptoms are severe. In the hospital, antibiotics can be given by IV. In certain situations, surgery may be required to remove infected or damaged tissue.

Prevention

To help reduce your chance of PID:

Use a latex condom each time you have sexual intercourse.

Discuss birth control options with your doctor. Ask which methods may decrease your risk of PID.

Seek immediate treatment for symptoms, such as unusual vaginal discharge or bleeding.

Limit the number of sexual partners.

Have regular screening tests for STDs.

If you are diagnosed with PID or another STD:

Do not have sexual intercourse until after the treatment is complete, symptoms have resolved, and your sexual partner has been treated.

Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.