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Simulation and Assessment of Carbon Capture Processes Applied to a Pulp Mill

Global warming is a serious threat that could have catastrophic effects if emissions
of greenhouse gases are not reduced drastically. This thesis evaluates the suitability
for pulp mills to help in reducing these emissions with focus on carbon capture and
storage (CCS) technologies. This industry is based on a renewable feedstock that can
be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fossil fuels in transportation
or heat and power generation. Furthermore, capturing CO2 from pulp mills would
result in a \negative" net emission that would reduce the global CO2 emissions.
Three future scenarios of the pulp mill are considered. The first scenario assumes
the pulp mill is run as the present day situation and that post-combustion capture of
CO2 using the MEA processes is applied to the stack gas emissions from the recovery
boiler. In the second scenario the recovery boiler is substituted with black liquor
gasification technology and the produced syngas is used for electricity production.
Pre-combustion capture of CO2 using the Selexol process is applied in this scenario.
The third scenario also utilizes black liquor gasification technology for recovery but
the syngas is used to produce DME instead of electricity. Pre-combustion capture
of CO2 with the Rectisol process is used in this scenario.
Each scenario is divided into two cases; one with capture and one without capture.
The cases are simulated using Aspen Plus and the utility consumption of the
processes is determined. Pinch analysis is used to reduce the utility demand. All
process equipment is dimensioned to provide a basis for an investment cost analysis
which is performed by an external partner. The results from the simulations
are used in an overall energy and mass balance of the pulp mill which determines
the additional resource consumption associated with carbon capture. The resource
consumption together with the investment cost is used to calculate a total cost for
carbon capture.
The scenario utilizing the MEA process shows the highest potential to offset
global CO2 emissions with a net reduction of 715 ktCO2/year at a capture cost of
431 SEK/tCO2. The scenario with black liquor gasification for electricity production
has the lowest net reduction with only 318 ktCO2/year and also the highest capture
cost of 453 SEK/tCO2. The scenario with co-production of DME at the pulp mill
has the potential to reduce global emissions with 393 ktCO2/year and a low capture
cost of 88 SEK/tCO2.
Today there exists an over-abundance of low price emission certificates, in Mars
2014 an emission certificate costed 5:0e. Hence, in none of the studied scenarios
carbon capture was profitable. However, if the emission certificate market recovers
then the pulp mill would be a suitable candidate for CCS.

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BibTeX @mastersthesis{Hedström2014,author={Hedström, Joakim},title={Simulation and Assessment of Carbon Capture Processes Applied to a Pulp Mill},abstract={Global warming is a serious threat that could have catastrophic effects if emissions
of greenhouse gases are not reduced drastically. This thesis evaluates the suitability
for pulp mills to help in reducing these emissions with focus on carbon capture and
storage (CCS) technologies. This industry is based on a renewable feedstock that can
be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fossil fuels in transportation
or heat and power generation. Furthermore, capturing CO2 from pulp mills would
result in a \negative" net emission that would reduce the global CO2 emissions.
Three future scenarios of the pulp mill are considered. The first scenario assumes
the pulp mill is run as the present day situation and that post-combustion capture of
CO2 using the MEA processes is applied to the stack gas emissions from the recovery
boiler. In the second scenario the recovery boiler is substituted with black liquor
gasification technology and the produced syngas is used for electricity production.
Pre-combustion capture of CO2 using the Selexol process is applied in this scenario.
The third scenario also utilizes black liquor gasification technology for recovery but
the syngas is used to produce DME instead of electricity. Pre-combustion capture
of CO2 with the Rectisol process is used in this scenario.
Each scenario is divided into two cases; one with capture and one without capture.
The cases are simulated using Aspen Plus and the utility consumption of the
processes is determined. Pinch analysis is used to reduce the utility demand. All
process equipment is dimensioned to provide a basis for an investment cost analysis
which is performed by an external partner. The results from the simulations
are used in an overall energy and mass balance of the pulp mill which determines
the additional resource consumption associated with carbon capture. The resource
consumption together with the investment cost is used to calculate a total cost for
carbon capture.
The scenario utilizing the MEA process shows the highest potential to offset
global CO2 emissions with a net reduction of 715 ktCO2/year at a capture cost of
431 SEK/tCO2. The scenario with black liquor gasification for electricity production
has the lowest net reduction with only 318 ktCO2/year and also the highest capture
cost of 453 SEK/tCO2. The scenario with co-production of DME at the pulp mill
has the potential to reduce global emissions with 393 ktCO2/year and a low capture
cost of 88 SEK/tCO2.
Today there exists an over-abundance of low price emission certificates, in Mars
2014 an emission certificate costed 5:0e. Hence, in none of the studied scenarios
carbon capture was profitable. However, if the emission certificate market recovers
then the pulp mill would be a suitable candidate for CCS.},publisher={Institutionen för energi och miljö, Chalmers tekniska högskola},place={Göteborg},year={2014},keywords={CO2 capture, MEA, Rectisol, Selexol, pulp mill, pre-combustion, postcombustion,},note={94},}

RefWorks RT GenericSR ElectronicID 200034A1 Hedström, JoakimT1 Simulation and Assessment of Carbon Capture Processes Applied to a Pulp MillYR 2014AB Global warming is a serious threat that could have catastrophic effects if emissions
of greenhouse gases are not reduced drastically. This thesis evaluates the suitability
for pulp mills to help in reducing these emissions with focus on carbon capture and
storage (CCS) technologies. This industry is based on a renewable feedstock that can
be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by replacing fossil fuels in transportation
or heat and power generation. Furthermore, capturing CO2 from pulp mills would
result in a \negative" net emission that would reduce the global CO2 emissions.
Three future scenarios of the pulp mill are considered. The first scenario assumes
the pulp mill is run as the present day situation and that post-combustion capture of
CO2 using the MEA processes is applied to the stack gas emissions from the recovery
boiler. In the second scenario the recovery boiler is substituted with black liquor
gasification technology and the produced syngas is used for electricity production.
Pre-combustion capture of CO2 using the Selexol process is applied in this scenario.
The third scenario also utilizes black liquor gasification technology for recovery but
the syngas is used to produce DME instead of electricity. Pre-combustion capture
of CO2 with the Rectisol process is used in this scenario.
Each scenario is divided into two cases; one with capture and one without capture.
The cases are simulated using Aspen Plus and the utility consumption of the
processes is determined. Pinch analysis is used to reduce the utility demand. All
process equipment is dimensioned to provide a basis for an investment cost analysis
which is performed by an external partner. The results from the simulations
are used in an overall energy and mass balance of the pulp mill which determines
the additional resource consumption associated with carbon capture. The resource
consumption together with the investment cost is used to calculate a total cost for
carbon capture.
The scenario utilizing the MEA process shows the highest potential to offset
global CO2 emissions with a net reduction of 715 ktCO2/year at a capture cost of
431 SEK/tCO2. The scenario with black liquor gasification for electricity production
has the lowest net reduction with only 318 ktCO2/year and also the highest capture
cost of 453 SEK/tCO2. The scenario with co-production of DME at the pulp mill
has the potential to reduce global emissions with 393 ktCO2/year and a low capture
cost of 88 SEK/tCO2.
Today there exists an over-abundance of low price emission certificates, in Mars
2014 an emission certificate costed 5:0e. Hence, in none of the studied scenarios
carbon capture was profitable. However, if the emission certificate market recovers
then the pulp mill would be a suitable candidate for CCS.PB Institutionen för energi och miljö, Chalmers tekniska högskola,LA engLK http://publications.lib.chalmers.se/records/fulltext/200034/200034.pdfOL 30