By Mark Whitehouse

Number of the Week

$10.2

Trillion

$10.2 trillion: The amount of money advanced-nation governments will need to borrow in 2011

As the debts of advanced countries rise to levels not seen since the aftermath of World War II, it’s hard to know how much is too much. But it’s easy to see that the risk of serious financial trouble is growing.

Next year, fifteen major developed-country governments, including the U.S., Japan, the U.K., Spain and Greece, will have to raise some $10.2 trillion to repay maturing bonds and finance their budget deficits, according to estimates from the International Monetary Fund. That’s up 7% from this year, and equals 27% of their combined annual economic output.

Aside from Japan, which has a huge debt hangover from decades of anemic growth, the U.S. is the most extreme case. Next year, the U.S. government will have to find $4.2 trillion. That’s 27.8% of its annual economic output, up from 26.5% this year. By comparison, crisis-addled Greece needs $69 billion, or 23.8% of its annual GDP.

This is one of the areas that could trigger our rapid decline. If they decided to sell off our debt or even just stop buying it, we would be in a world of hurt and would have to start printing. I do not believe the Fed has any bullets left to counter.

It will be very interesting how this develops, can you imagine if we had to print money to cover the $1 trillion from the previous treasure sales article and also this $1.5 trillion? What would $2.5 trillion do to our inflation rate?

A State Council think-tank in China has warned Washington that the US will come off worst in a trade war if it imposes sanctions against Beijing over the two nations’ currency spat.

The US is considering legislation to punish Beijing for holding down the yuan Photo: AFP

Ding Yifan, a policy guru at the Development Research Centre, said China could respond by selling holdings of US debt, estimated at over $1.5 trillion (£963bn). This would trigger a rise in US interest rates. His comments at a forum in Beijing follow a string of remarks by Chinese officials questioning US credit-worthiness and the reliability of the dollar.

China’s authorities seem split over how to respond to moves on Capitol Hill for legislation to punish Beijing for holding down the yuan. The central bank has ruled out use of its “nuclear weapon”, insisting that it would not exploit its $2.45 trillion of foreign reserves for political purposes. “The US Treasury market is a very important market for China,” it said.

However, the mood is hardening on both sides of the Pacific. The dispute risks escalating if China’s trade surplus with the US climbs further and more US jobs are lost. US Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner, who has taken a softly-softly line in the past, said on Friday that China had done “very little” to correct the undervaluation of the yuan since ending the dollar peg in June.

Mr Ding reflects thinking among some in the Poltiburo, who seem convinced that the US is in decline and that China’s rise as an exporter of goods and capital give it the upper hand.

“They are utterly wrong,” said Gabriel Stein from Lombard Street Research. “The lesson of the 1930s is that surplus countries with structurally weak domestic demand come off worst in a trade war.”

He described the implicit threat to sell Treasuries as “empty bluster” because Beijing’s purchase of these bonds is a side-effect of its yuan policy. “Bring it on: it will weaken the dollar, which is what the US wants. The interest rate effect can be countered by the Fed.”

“Some Chinese officials seem to believe that buying Treasuries underpins US public spending. In fact China’s mercantilist policy is forcing the US to run large deficits against its own interest. China should be terrified of a trade war.”

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God’s Word:

"For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith--and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God--not by works, so that no one can boast. For we are God's workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do." -- Ephesians 2:8-10