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Mice given extreme doses of antioxidants (or genetically altered to have naturally elevated levels of antioxidants) such as vitamin C and alpha-lipoic acid show no signs of neurotoxicity when given a normally neurotoxic regiment of MDMA (the dose of MDMA and vitamin C are very high)

Sustained effects of MDMA may deplete neuronal energy sources and their ability to deal with oxidative stress

Both MDMA and Dopamine can be metabolized into highly reactive molecules

Methamphetamine has shown to exhibit at least the same neurotoxicity as MDMA, but the FDA still approves of methamphetamine

SSRI’s block SERT and inhibits the function of MDMA

When given 3-4 hours after a neurotoxic regiment of MDMA, several SSRI’s (such as paroxotine, fluoxetine and citalopram) can block neurotoxicity in rodents. Although human-trials have not been conducted it is likely that they have a similar effect in humans.