Abbasid (Kabier: العباسي, Abbāsīyyah), Officialy the Kingdom of Abbasid (Kabier: المملكة العباسي, Al-Mamlakah al-‘Abbāsīyyah) is a Central-Althenian nation, bordered to the east by the United Kabier Emirates, the Sultanate of Daria, and the Farlas Kabier Republic, to the west by the Emirate of Sharan and the Kingdom of Medima, and borders Forgia, Zebestia, the State of Esdaad and Mendorra to the south. With a population of 33 million, Abbasid is the 2nd most populous Kabier state, and the most populated on the Kabier Peninsula. With a total area of 870,000 sq mi Abbasid is the largest nation on the Kabier Peninsula, and the largest in the Kabier World. Because of this, Abbasid has been considered an important regional power.

Abbasid is a secular, unitary, constitutional federal monarchy, made up of seven emirates, unified under a single monarch. Each emirate is governed by a hereditary emir who jointly form the Federal Supreme Council which is the upper house of Abbasid's National Assembly. The emir of Rasheed is King, and the emir of Deira is Prime Minister. The constituent emirates are Rasheed, Deira, Sabrallaj, Ras al-Ziad, Khalifji, Ayjad, and Umm-Salal. Abbasid also maintains sovereignty over two special administrative regions, Nasser, and the Shalitivians, although they maintain a high level of autonomy from the rest of Abbasid. The capital is Rasheed, which is one of Abbasid's major centers of commercial and cultural activities. Since the beginning of the Oil Era, Abbasid has emerged as one of the fastest growning economies in the world. As of 2010 Abbasid has Adonia's seventh highest GDP per capita, and the world's fourth highest military expenditure.

Abbasid's economy has rapidly transitioned from its dependence on oil exports, which now accounts for 32% of Abbasid's annual GDP. Cities such as Deira, and Rasheed have become hubs for international markets and investment. Abbasid is a member state of the United Sovereign Nations of the World, the East Althenian Sphere, a signatory of the Mito Treaty, and is a founding member of the Kabier Alliance.

History

The earliest known inhabitants of Abbasid were a group of nomads known as the Faya tribes that originated in Southwestern Abbasid around 125,000 BP (Before Present). However, the Faya tribe eventually mysteriously disappeared, leaving behind tools, and pottery. It is widely believed that the nomads were wiped out by disease, while others claim they died off due to a contaminated water supply. In the pre-Islamic Kabier Peninsula there were few permanent settlements, apart from a small number of urban trading settlements, such as Amman and Ayjad, located in the Hedjaz in the east of the peninsula. Most of what was to become Abbasid was populated by nomadic tribal societies or uninhabitable desert.

Pre-Islamic Civilization

The Sargonians were the first to permanately settle within what is now Abbasid. The Sargonians settled along the fertle plains in between the Afzal and Ashfaq Rivers, in present day Esdaad. They soon spread along the two rivers, reaching the Kabier Gulf. The Sargonian Empire (2334–2154 BC) was founded by Farja the Great, who led the Akkadians through the wars with the rival Jurabs to the east. The Akkadians soon established their capital, Assur. In 2337 the Akkadians crushed the Jurabs, slaughtering many, and taking the remainder as spoils of war. During this time period slavery in Sargon thrived. Around this time the Sargonians were able to advance their knowledge of irrigation, and tool making from different material.

Several tablets were unearthed in Esdaad, carrying stories of widespread death and destruction following the fall of Jurabs in Central Althena. The troubles after the war caused several Assyrian faction rebelled against him, and were ruthlessly crushed by the armies of Farja. Despite the failure of the rebellion, a similar uprising occured in 2298 resulted in the death of Farja the Great, and the beginning of Sargon's decline. The Sargonian Empire was eventually destroyed by internal civil war and economic decline. The Fall of Sargon gave rise to the Assurians, who rebuilt their capital over Assur. The city-state of Assur remained an unimportant settlement until the reign of Ekurzakir. King Ekurzakir defeated the neighboring Kingdoms of Atrahasis, Hillalum, and Rihat, spreading Assurian influence throughout the then known "four corners of the world". King Ekurzakir also laid out the Empire's laws, which became known as Ekurzakir's Code, which cemented the basisi of everyday Assurian life.

However the Assurians weren't gifted with defence along the two rivers, and soon after the Assurians were driven out of the Kabier Peninsula by the newly organized Kabiers. The Kabiers, led by Medeba Samshu, also laid siege to the city of Assur itself, but were forced away from the city in 1734BC. After a decade of internal conflict in Assuria, a new king seized power, and managed to reclaim land that was part of Ekurzakir's empire. Under this King Assuria survied several Kabier revolts, and experience massive wealth and trade. The native rule survived in until 394, when King Ditani made a vain attempt to recapture the Kingdom of Menaseh for Assuria, but was killed by Menashian soldiers. The two following Kings failed to maintain Assuria's borders, and the city was sacked in 383.

Advent of Islam

The Nakba Wars (Kabier: حروب الردة, "The Catastrophe"), were a series of Islamic military campaigns launched by the Caliph Umilyyad, and his Sunni allies against the rebel Shia tribes, from 644 to 645 AD. The rebels wanted to establish their own Shia state independent from the rising Sunni Umilyyad. However, some rebels followed Caliph Umilyyad, or Saleh, who claimed prophethood. The Shia tribes that surronded the holy city of Ayjad did no rebel against the Caliph, which caused the Caliph to grant them right to remain inside the caliphate, undisturbed. The Shia (also known as Shiite) armies captured the holy city of Aminah, and held it for five months, and began construction of Shia mosques, before the Sunni armies drove them out. Immediately after the recapture of Amman, all Sunni structures inside the city were demolished, and any Shias remaining were beheaded.

The Sunni victory at Aminah marked a turning point in the war, as Shia numbers began to dwindle, forcing them to fight a guerrilla war against the Caliph and his armies. Sunni armies crushed the final Shia force that was besieging the city of Ramallah, ending the rebellion, and handing absolute power to Caliph Umilyyad. With most of the tribes were defeated and reintegrated into the Caliphate, only a few Shia tribes refused to surrender to Caliph Umilyyad, and were exiled out of the empire, into Forgia. The mass exodus of Shia's from the Kabier Peninsula is widely believed to be the beginning of the Sunni-Shia secretariat conflict.

Painting of Caliph Umilyyad

Islam reached the coastal Bani Yousef clan in 650, which resulted Islam spreading through Kabier trade routes into the Far East, and into West Althena. The use of the name 'Abbasid' was first mentioned in 657, when the Bakri groups, mainly the members of the Bani Hamad tribe, some of which are Al-Rashid, and Al-Khalid, established the autonomous Kingdom of Abbasid within the Umilyyad Caliphate. The original Abbasids were excellent sailors, with trade routes stretching to Neridia, and as far as present day Insulo. Kabier tribes reached the Shaltivian Islands, where the new settlers established the town and port of Mahad and called it Mahé, after Sheikh Mahad al-Rashid. They were descendants of the Bani Hamad tribe who gradually migrated in the early 7th century from the Dahji Gulf. The tribes quickly spread throughout the islands of the Solvanese Ocean. However, the rule of the King was cut short with his assassination in 689, and his subsequent replacement by his son, Umar bin Sultan.

Under Umar bin Sultan, Islam was adopted as the Caliphate's religion, and other religions were banned in public, and apostasy was punishable by death. In 701, the armies of Umar bin Sultan conquered the holy cities of Aminah and Ayjad from the Sharifate of Ayjad, officially annexing the Sharifate into his Islamic empire. The Umilyyads sought to create one Islamic state spanning all of Central Althena. To finance this, the Caliph imposed heavy taxes on the Christian and Jewish population, which aided the Umilyyads in the Kabier-Allajia Wars, which ended with the introduction of Islam to the Eastern Asmirivan tribes. The capital of the Caliphate was then moved from Al-Musaid (present day Rasheed) to Miqdaiyah (present day Sidayarah), along the Majda River in present day Esdaad.

After the war the Umilyyads focused on the development of science, art, and economics. During this period the Kabier world became an intellectual center for science, philosophy, medicine and education; the Umilyyads championed the cause of knowledge and established the House of Wisdom (Bait-ul-Hikmat) at Sidayrah, where both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars sought to translate and gather all the world's knowledge into Kabier. The Kabiers showed a strong interest in assimilating the scientific knowledge of the civilizations they had overrun. The Golden Age eventually ending with a Civil War emerging between Caliph Shezadh's government, and his brother Nazeer. In the ensuing war thousands were killed, and dozens of cities were razed to the ground. The two brothers were eventually forced to reconcile, and agreed on the unification of both sides in to Caliphate of Umilyyad and Abbasid. Although peace was sustained, the Caliphate never recovered its importance prior to the Civil War. A few years later a coup by Sheikh Nazeer overthrew his brother´s government, and the Caliphate was renamed to Abbasid.

In 1139 trade ships from the newly established Ankarian state reached the Abbasidi coast, where they encountered the Bani Hamad tribe. The two groups quickly established relations, with the Kabiers generously hosting the Ankarian delegation, and showering them with gifts of gold and other valuables.

First Abbasidi State

In early 1201 the Ankarian Empire began to expand into the Kabier Peninsula, causing Abbasid became vulnerable to occupation. Tamil bin Mohammed opposed Ankarian designs on Abbasid, but his son, Jassim bin Mohammed, accepted Ankarian sovereignty in 1203. Although Jassim bin Mohammed privately complained of the Ankarian presence, he hoped that with Ankarian support he could dominate those sheikhs in other towns who opposed him and rebuff Esdaad's claims on the city of Ramallah. Moreover, Jassim bin Mohammed's ambivalent relations with the Ankarians deteriorated to the point that in 1207 they sent a military force to Sabrallaj to arrest him. Fighting broke out, and Jassim bin Mohammed's supporters drove out the Ankarian force from the city. The Ankarian governor over the city was beheaded by forces loyal to Jassim, and his home was looted and then burned to the ground.

In response, Ankarian soldiers looted and burned mosques, and other sacred Kabier structures, and forced them to give up all their possesions, and relocate into the Rub Al Zaydi, or "Empty Section". Unknown to Ankara, the Kabiers moved east, into present day United Kabier Emirates, and founded a small village named Ahmed. The remaining Kabiers in Zaif were forced into captivity, and were stripped of all rights and privileges. A new government that supported the Ankarian rule was appointed, and the Empire began its rule, unchallenged. Over time Ankara slowly began to ease these restrictions, and allowed displaced Kabier to return to their homes. When the Kabiers turned them down, the Ankarian razed the port of Amjad, killing hundreds. Similar crackdowns occured throughout Abbasid, forcing thousands from their homes, into Esdaad.

Sheikh Jassim attempted to overthrow the Ankarians in a coup in 1210, but was defeated at the Battle of Jaliffyah, and subseqently executed in Rasheed. Bergenstein, upon hearing of the conditions in Abbasid, sent troops to aid the Abbasids in resisting the Ankarians, but were ill equipped for desert combat, and were forced out by the Ankarians. Over the next few years Abbasids along with Bergenstein soldiers waged a guerrilla war against the occupying Ankarians. In 1214 the navies of Berge, Flangaren, Werdecht, Lorona, Emmenland and Cellmradon defeated the Ankarian fleet off the coast of Nahyan. Abbasid and the Bergenstein states then signed Nahyan Accords, ending the war, and forcing Ankara to recognize Abbasid as a seperate nation.

The Emirate of Abbasid emerged after the defeat of the Ankarian Empire in the Kabier Revolt. The emirate quickly grew in size, and wealth, and in 1228 Abbasid invaded Kingdom of Sharan, the dominate force on the Kabier Peninsula. The Abbasids captured the holy city of Ayjad in July 1229, after besieging the city for eight months. Shortly after the fall of Ayjad, Abbasidi supported revolts in the Royal City of Sharan toppled the royal family, and Sharan surrendered to the Abbasids. Abbasidi forces swiftly occupied the territory, and it was annexed into the Emirate, doubling Abbasid's size.

Caliph Abbas, founder of the Caliphate.

The Abbasids swept through Central Althena, easily defeating the Kingdom of Medima. In 1519, the son of the Emir of Abbasid, Rashid bin Harun, overthrew his father, and declared himself the new ruler. Rashid introduced sweeping reforms, and completely reorganized the empire's politcal systems, dividing the empire into provinces, and appointed royal families to rule the new provinces under the central monarch. By 1521 the Abbasids controlled the entire Kabier Peninsula, undisputed, and had begun to expand outwards. The Sultanate of Allajia joined the Emirate in late 1521 after the Abbasids defeated the Allajian fleet at Dhofar. The Abbasid continued to expand, with armies overwhelming the the Kingdom of Andarra, the southern neighbor of Ankara. The Kabier armies then sacked the capital of Ankara, Atilla, effectively ending Ankara's domination over Central Althena. The Abbasids then captured the Shaltivian Islands from Ankara days later.

However, the state became too large to govern effectively, and the Islamic armies were unable to defend Abbasid's borders giving way to an invasion by the Rokes. A final rebellion in modern day Allajia ended Abbasid's expansion into eastern Althena. When it was revealed that gold and silver coins used as currency were actually fake, inflation began to increase sharply, devastating the empire. In 1524 the capital of the Caliphate, Ramallah, was sacked by the Esdaads. Sheikh Rashid unexpectedly died in the following days, most likely poisoned by one of his opponents, and the remainder of his empire was divided between his children.

Etruscan Abbasid

Etrusque invaded Northen Abbasid in 1832, seizing Umm-Salal from the Kabier defends within three days. A series of naval battles ensued, resulting in the death of over 15,000 Kabier sailors. A small Etruscan force attacked Fort Madinah Awaiting Etruscan fleets off the coast of Deira began to fire on the city, destroying its numerous fortifications, but inadvertently blocked access to Deira's harbor. The Etruscans were eventually forced to land their forces on a peninsula south of Deira, in what would eventually become the city of Sabrallaj. Although this did give the Kabier army time to organize its forces, Etruscan soldiers ultimately seized the city on 19 September 1834, effectively destroying Kabier resistance in western Abbasid. However the Sheikhdom of Rasheed and Esdaad remained independent from Etruscan rule, and continued the war. Etrusque captured a series of forts defending the city of Rasheed, along with thousands of Kabiers who surrendered in late 1835, leaving the city defenseless.

Etruscan soldiers entered Rasheed on 4 January 1836, where they met with Sheikh Ali Hassan, the leader of Abbasid, where peace negotiations. Despite the peace talks, Etruscan soldiers surrounded the city, and seized major areas around the city, poised to attack in the event of the negotiations failing. There, Abbasid signed its first unequal treaty, in which Abbasid ceded Nasser to Etrusque, was forced to open its ports to Etruscan ships, and abolished the Abbasidi monopoly over the spice trade. In return, Etrusque withdrew its troops from major Abbasidi settlements, into Nasser. However, Etrusque's expansion into Central Althena would still continue.

A second war between Abbasid and Etrusque erupted in 1840, after Abbasidi courts refused the Etruscan demand to review the Treaty of Rasheed to meet their demands. allow an Etruscan trade fleet to enter the port of Ajman. The Etruscans had a difficult time reaching Rasheed through the rugged mountains, giving the Abbasidi tribes a large advantage. The Etruscans soon changed their tactics, and began drafting native Bakri soldiers who knew the terrain well, leading the Etruscan forces to major victories over Abbasid. Abbasidi resources were in an extreme shortage, due to most of its ports being blockaded. Ankara joined the war in 1841, seizing control of Ayjad and Jedda from Abbasidi forces, and immediately moved south towards Rasheed. As the Etrusco-Ankarian army approached the city, Sheikh Ali Hassan along with his council stuggled to reach a decision of what to do. Before they were able to reach an agreement, a devastating fire swept through the city, killing thousands who were asleep in their homes. However, those who tried to flee were met with the Etrusco-Ankarian army, who had reached the mountains that surrounded Rasheed with the help of an Abbasidi traitor. In the massacre that followed, atleast 9,000 Kabiers were killed, before the city surrendered. The decisive Etruscan victory and the subsequent treaty ultimately lead to Etrusque annexing what remained of Abbasid, to form the Etruscan protectorate of Abbasid, and thus allowing Etrusque to rule Central Althena, unchallenged.

20th Century

Abbasid's history in the 20th Century was marked by a series of devastating conflicts, several years of political instability, and a sudden economic crash, but Abbasid emerged from the 20th century as Adonia's largest oil producer, and one of the fastest growing economies on the planet. The turbulent years following the failed Invasion of Abbasid in 1934 were stained with internal strife between the ruling Islamic government, and the extremely impoverished population. Abbasid's only steady income was from pearling, and the yearly taxes on Muslim pilgrims who traveled to Ayjad on the Hajj pilgrimage, which drew sharp criticism from the Kingdom of Allajia.

Independence

Sheikh Mohammed Al Rashid

Beginning in the early 1900s the people in Abbasid were growing restless of being ruled from Etrusque, which was far away from the Abbasidi homeland. To try and appease this growing discontent, Etrusque granted Abbasid a high level of autonomy, however this was not enough. Etrusque still retained most power in Abbasid, as the colonial government was itself Etruscan so it was not inclined to support Abbasidi outcries. To add to this the world was changing and much pressure was building between alliances. The Etruscan government's need for money to fund military endeavors meant higher taxes, and less income for Abbasidi citizens.

This lead to the Rasheed incident in 1920, in which thousands took to the streets demanding Abbasidi independence, and for Etrusque to withdraw from Central Althena. The tough Etruscan crackdown resulted in the deaths of over 300 protesters, and the destruction of over 75 buildings. Over the following days mass riots occurred throughout Abbasid. Two weeks later the riots had turned into a full blown rebellion. The Etruscan government immediately mobilized its forces, and deployed them to Abbasid. A full month later, the superior Etruscan firepower crushed the rebellion. However, Etrusque seeking to calm the uprisings, it established the Emirate of Abbasid as it's protectorate, under the control of Sheikh Hussein al Rashid.

Despite Etrusque's success in suppressing the uprising, it also fueled the Abbasidi desire for their own independent nation. Several militant groups emerged within Abbasid, destroying several Etruscan government buildings, and sabotaging it's infrastructure. Eventually the militants and the Etruscans agreed to a ceasefire, to allow negotiations for Abbasid's independence to begin. The talks, led by Sheikh Mohammed al-Rashid ended in July 1930, with Etrusque announcing its intent to withdraw from the Kabier Peninsula, with the exception of Port Nasser, which would remain under Etruscan control. In November 1933, Etrusque began transferring control of military installations to Kabier authorities. Meanwhile, the Federal Supreme Council was formed out of the then six emirs of Abbasid's six emirates, which then elected Sheikh Mohammed al-Rashid as Abbasid's first king. The Constitution of Abbasid, which was heavily influenced by that of Etrusque, established Abbasid as a secular constitutional monarchy, and Abbasid officially became independent from Etrusque.

Immediately following Abbasid's independence, internal fighting between those who supported the secular system and others who supported an Islamic government broke out in the capital. Islamists seized large parts of Rasheed, nearly overthrowing the government, but were ultimately defeated with the help of Etruscan officers.

Soldier guarding Western Wall during the Invasion of Abbasid, 1934

After Abbasid's independence, it shifted its focus towards regaining its lost province of Esdaad, which was allied with Bergenstein. Despite this, Abbasid unilaterally annexed Esdaad on 3 March 1934, and the Royal Abbasid Defense Forces seized Esdaad's capital, Sidayrah the next day. The Esdaadi felt that joining Abbasid would mean losing their own control and the benefits of their alliance with Bergenstein, but this however was wavering due to the Last Internal War. However, Abbasid did not expect Bergenstein to come to Esdaad's aid, leaving it largely unprepared for war. News of Bergenstein's declaration of war did not reach Abbasid in time, due to inadequate communication infrastructure, giving Bergenstein and its allies a massive advantage.

The Malonese Empire invaded southern Abbasid on 15 March 1934, suprising the Abbasidi army, swiftly securing Esdaad from Abbasidi forces. The initial shock and threw Abbasid into into a sense of disarray, with Malonese troops rapidly advancing on the Abbasidi capital. However, Abbasidi forces had begun to gather in and around Rasheed, stockpiling all weapons they that could be found. On 8 April 1934, an ambush staged by several Abbasidi militias attacked the Malonese army from the west, destroying most of their military vehicles, and cutting their supply lines, forcing them to retreat. However, the fledging Abbasidi Air Force was distracted by Malonese forces that still controlled most of southern Abbasid, and were unable to detect the Allo-Venta invasion force landing near Sabrallaj on the country's east coast. With Abbasid now clearly under major threat, a rapid mobilization ensued, with thousands joining the Abbasidi army, some without adequate training, and being deployed to the front lines. Abbasidi forces broke through the Malonese line at Al-Asafiyah, and chased them back across the border, before retaking Khalifji. The Malonese forces had hastly evactuated the city days before, leaving behind strategic amounts of weapons and vehicles. The now organized Royal Abbasid Defense Forces gradually retook its lost land, and began planning an invasion of Malo. However the invasion was called off, as the focus of the war had shifted to Allajia. Abbasid seized the port of Akan from Bergenstein forces, but was unable to secure the Allajian capital, and the Allajia front ended in a stalemate.

Bergenstein delcared an unilateral ceasefire, which was accepted by Abbasid and Malo. The commanders of the three nations met in Khalifji (on Abbasid's demand) where they signed the Second Treaty of Abbasid, in which Bergenstein and Malo recognized Abbasid as a sovereign nation, and acknowledged Abbasid's authority over Esdaad. Abbasid spent the following years attempting to recover from the invasion. The mid-30s saw the collapse of pearl fishery,and with it Abbasid's economy. Oil was discovered in the Kingdom in 1938, but wasn't able to be extracted, due to limited knowledge. Abbasid was largely affected during the Period of Despair,due to its extreme lack of natural resources and manpower, but still managed to maintain a neutral stance in the growing Adonia-wide tension.

Despite remaining neutral, Abbasid secretly began rebuilding its military infrastructure for possible military action in the near future, despite Abbasid having a close relationship with the Mitoyagi Empire, a major imperial power. In 1941 the long oppressed Jewish minority of Abbasid began protesting for a new independent state in then Abbasidi territory of Ras'dod (now Myeira), prompting anti-semitic sentiment within Abbasid and the other Kabier states. Soon after, violence broke out between Kabier Muslims and Jews and became more and more prevalent. Murders, reprisals, and counter-reprisals came fast on each other's heels, resulting in hundreds of victims killed on both sides in the process. Fighting soon spread to the capital of Abbasid, where Jewish fighters attempted to overthrow the monarchy. When forces loyal to the King managed to drive them out of the city, many fled to the south, towards Anakra. Those that didn't immediately flee were subject to honor killings, and public beatings.

First Central Althenan Crisis

The First Central Althenan Crisis (commonly referred to as the First Great Central War) began after Myeira invaded Sameshira over control of territories along the Strait of Tekfudere in 1941. Abbasid, honoring it's alliance with Sameshira, declared war against Myeira and invaded Kharjah, which was controlled by Myeira. The Malonese Empire subsequently declared war against Abbasid in defense of Myeira. The leaders of Abbasid, Sameshira, and Meyrav met in the capital of Meyrav, where they signed the East Alcadean Treaty, establishing the Great Forces, leading to the intergration of their war-goals against the Central Forces, Malo, Myeira, and Myeiran Kharjah.

Great Adonian War

King Mohammed sought to maintain Abbasid's neutral stance in the war, and initiated the de-militarization of the Kingdom, as a symbol of his commitment to peace and stability. At the same time King Mohammed embarked on an "appeasement" mission to Ankara, in an attempt to deter the outbreak of war between the two states. The King returned to Abbasid with the Treaty of Mutual Friendship, which declared: "...A new age in Kabier-Ankarian relations, where cooperation and non-aggression prevail." However, on October 3, 1947 an Ankarian-supported coup overthrew the Abbasidi Emir of Sharan, and the emirate was annexed by Ankara.

Abbasid declared war against Ankara on October 4th, 1947. The Kingdom of Medima fell to the invasion in May 1950, prompting Abbasid's military intervention. Within two months the opposing army had been forced out of Medima, back into Ankara. Shortly afterward on July 3, 1950 Abbasid annexed Medima into the kingdom, and the annexation of Sharan on July 15th. Public knowledge of the annexation was non-existent until after the transitional emirs of Sharan and Medima arrived on August 1st and 2nd respectably. The Royal Abbasid Armed Forces (RAAF) initiated the Invasion of Ankara in early 1951, landing troops in Ankarian controlled Andarana, and the Ahmet Peninsula in northern Ankara.

The Abbasidi troops captured the capital of Ankara, Antilla on 21 February 1952, but heavy resistance continued in the rest of the country. The Caliph of Ankara fled to the Ankarian-occupied Shaltivian Islands where he continued leading the fight against Abbasid. Once Ankarians realized that the Caliph abandoned them to die, many surrendered to the Abbasid armies, in exchange for clemency. On 26 February 1952, Ankara sign a unilateral treaty, surrendering to Abbasid. Caliph Adnan refused to accept this, and ordered one final naval assault against Abbasid. In the ensuing battle the Abbasidi Navy defeated the remainder of the Ankarian Navy, and captured Caliph Adnan. The Caliph was tried, and found guility by the Abbasidi Supreme Court, and was publicaly executed on 3 March 1952, officially ending Abbasid's role in the Great Adonian War.

Post Great Adonian War

The massive mobilization and the rapid industrialization of Abbasid during the Great Adonian War brought the nation out of it's economic depression during the Period of Despair, which encouraged a slow, steady, growth of investments. However this was interrupted by an uprising in the Esdaadi territory. By 12 May 1953 the Esdaadi rebels had overthrown the provincial Abbasidi government and established the State of Esdaad. Abbasidi forces from the surrounding areas immediately moved into to crush the uprising, but were unprepared for another war. The uprising rapidly spread through southern Abbasid, forcing the King to withdraw his forces back out of Esdaad to subdue the other rebellions.

Around the same time, the Reconstruction of Ankara (1953-1962) began. During the war much of Ankara's infastructure had been destroyed by the war, including railways, hospital, schools, and most of its industrial centers, and had to be rebuilt. The Transitional Government of Ankara adopted a much more capitalist economy, and slowly began its reconstruction. Abbasidi officials also amended Ankara's Constitution, restricting Ankara's military size to avoid its re-militarization, while allowing the implication of previous laws. Abbasid also abolished the Caliph, and partitioned the the empire into many new states, including Andarra, and South Mendorra (merged with Mendorra).

Border clashes between Abbasid and Esdaad flared up again in 1953, with Abbasid bombing several Esdaadi villages, and raiding several Esdaadi border stations and other military installations. Throughout these territorial disruptions, Bergenstein remained a staunch supporter of Abbasidi actions, serving as its main supplier of military hardware.

Quiet Revolution

A dhow used before the collaspe of pearling.

Although Abbasid's first oil exports began in 1938, it was not until the beginning of the 1960s that the first foreign oil company teams carried out preliminary surveys for larger oil fields. As oil revenues increased, the ruler of Deira, Sheikh Sultan bin Majid Al Suqeim, undertook a massive construction program, building schools, housing, hospitals and roads, and other emirates soon followed. The emirate of Nahyan also commenced oil exports in 1962, following the discovery of the Awali Oil Field. Soon after oil exports began increasing the traditional pearling industry declined sharply, eventually collapsing in mid-1963.

However, oil exports were interrupted with the outbreak of the 1964 South Farlas War, after militant groups declared independence from Abbasid and established the People's Republic of Farlas. Abbasidi troops captured over 75% of claimed Farlas territory, and the war ended with Farlas surrending captured lands over to Abbasid, in exchange for independence. (The Peoples Republic eventually fell in 1970 after 3 years of civil war in which it is rumored that Bergenstein supplied the anti communist forces. With the end of the war, Abbasid nationalism began to rise, and many companies were nationalized by the government. On the 5th of August 1964 the seven emirs of Abbasid met in Rasheed, where they agreed on closer unification between them, in an effort to futher advance the progress of the Kingdom.

King Mohammed died in 1968, bring his son Zayed to power. King Zayed was a staunch supporter of secularism and Kabier socialism, much to the dismay of Abbasid's dominant Islamic leaders. King Zayed pioneered democracy in the Kabier, with the expansion of the roles of the 300 member Federal National Council. The first elections in Abbasid's history were held in January 1969, in which the Progressive Party won the most seats. The foreign policy of Abbasid during Zayed's reign shifted from Pan-Kabierism to neutrality, and self defense, in accordance with his policy of pacifism. During this time Abbasid's relations with Euphemian states . In 1970, King Zayed issued a ban on the destruction of Ayjad's historical islamic sites, winning the support of moderate muslims nationwide,

Within the first years of Zayed's reign, (1968 to 1972), immigration to Abbasid rapidly grew from around 6 million in 1968, to 9 million in 1970. King Zayed's respect of all religions led to almost 1,000,000 Christians and 700,000 Jews settling in Abbasid during this time. Some 300,000 arrived from East Althenian and Neridean nations in search of higher paying jobs to bring their families out of poverty. Among them, the largest group was from Samastra. The legalization of same sex activity was legalized by the Federal National Council in 1971, with support from the Royal Family of Rasheed. King Zayed financially support King ____ of Allajia's White Revolution, which was his successful attempt to liberalize the Kingdom of Allajia, greatly improving relations between the two states.

Abbasidi Revolution

In 1972, while King Zayed was away on a official state visit to Bergenstein, Faisal bin , along with a , organized a coup in order to seize power and overthrow the monarchy. On 14 July armed rebels attacked and seized the Royal Palace, and Sheikh Faisal assumed the role as king. In the process 18 guards were killed and over 20 injured. The palace was then surrounded by Rasheedi soldiers and troops of the Royal Abbasid Defense Force loyal to King Zayed. Several RADF troops were wounded, before being overwhelmed by those loyal Free Officers Movement. Following the coup those who supported King Zayed were publicly executed, and the monarchy was disestablished, thus establishing the Republic of Abbasid. However, most international governments did not recognize the new king as legitimate, instead supporting his brother. King Zayed was granted asylum in Okaiken, where he delivered a speech, urging Faisal to step down peacefully to avoid bloodshed.

President Faisal (middle) in 1973

When news spread of the coup, protests against Faisal and his Liberation Party. The Abbasidi National Guardsmen initially controlled the protests through use of clubs and electric prods, which angered the protesters and was met by protesters throwing stones and wielding bars and wooden canes as weapons. The National Guardsmen then opened fire on the crowd, killing 21, and wounding, among others, Nayef al-Magheb, the leader of the resistance movement. The situation deteriorated further with three car bombs exploded in central Rasheed, killing 57 people. The attacks were credited to the Islamist State of Abbasid, a hard line Islamic group funded by King Faisal himself. Faisal openly criticized the neighboring Islamic states for forcing Sharia on their citizens, advocating for secularism.

Faisal and his Liberation Party spent most of the time following the Revolution consolidating it's power and gaining allies. Eventually, Faisal arose as a charismatic leader in the Kabier World, as a major driving force behind Kabier Socialism and Pan-Kabierism. As President, Faisal harshly suppressed several Islamic movements, instead favoring Secularism. In perhaps one of his greatest feats, Faisal had the capital of Abbasid moved to the city of Saadiyat, a planned city which was designed by Faisal himself. Heavy land reform followed, along with rapid industrialization. Abbasid's total poverty was said to rapidly decrease during the first few years of his presidency. International recognition of the Kingdom of Abbasid soon began to erode in favor of the Republic lead by Faisal, eventually leading to the Republic of Abbasid replacing the Kingdom in the Adonian Community in 1974. The education of women in Abbasid was praised by Faisal, who in a famous speech to the Adonian Community said:

The right to a quality education is, I believe, the perfect path to bridge the gap between different cultures and to reconcile various civilizations. Without such a right, the values of liberty, justice and equality will have no meaning. Ignorance is by far the biggest danger and threat to humankind.

Second Central Althenan Crisis

The Second Central Althenan Crisis began with Kabier separatist activists appealing to Abbasid's President to aid them in their struggle. President Nasser, who was a staunch supporter of Kabier unity, immediately ordered the mobilization of the Abbasidi army for war. The National Assembly of Abbasid blocked the declaration of war, 78-12, delaying the war. However Faisal used his presidential powers and dissolved the National Assembly, bypassing the need for its approval. Abbasid troops were immediately deployed into Sameshira. The breakout of the 1981 war between Abbasid and Sameshira led to much internal strife within Abbasid, due to the enacting of Abbasid's conscription. The war was highly unpopular in Abbasid, leading to mass protests in several cities throughout the country.

The political situation rapidly turned against King Faisal, who continued to push for the unification of the Kabier states into one Islamic empire against Sameshira. However, any opposition to his vision was brutally crushed by the President's personal police. On 4 July 1981, Nayef al- Jabr, a liberal reformer in Faisal's advisory, was executed by guards in Safwa's main square, Basra Square, for opposing the President's views. The following days thousands gathered in Basra Square to mourn the death of Nayer al-Jabr. As the protests grew, so did the demand for Faisal to be deposed. Soon student protests erupted against the brutal rule of President Faisal, eventually spreading to cities throughout the country. Faisal allowed the protests to continue, as he thought the protests would die down over time, but they continued to grow, resulting in martial law being declared on 18 August 1981. Several divisions from the Abbasid Defense Forces were mobilized and sent to Safwa. As many as 150,000 troops were eventually sent to the city, some arriving by air and others by rail. In the ensuing advance towards the square, thousands of protesters were crushed by advancing tanks, while others were shot as they attempted to flee, with live ammunition. Snipers on the rooftops of buildings that surrounded the square targeted anyone they pleased. Around the same time, the religious police began raiding homes of innocent civilians, stealing whatever had value, before brutally murdering its inhabitants, including women and children. This killings infuriated the Abbasidi public, along with the International community, which convinced them to consider the possibility of intervening in Abbasid.

A woman pleads with a vigilante officer, Safwa, 1981

In the chaos that ensued throughout Abbasid, Shia Muslims were hunted down by the police, as they were the driving force behind the protests. Thousands were publicly executed by militants who were free to roam throughout the nation. The autocracies forced both moderate Shia and Sunni Muslims into an alliance against the ruling Wahhabi government. Similar events occurred On 8 September 1981 the Abbasid Defense Forces began their second advance on Basra Square, sealing off streets that lead to the square from the north, south, and east, while the forth blockade had been destroyed by protesters earlier in the day. An estimated 275,000-300,000 people were still camped out in the square, as ADF forces continued to build up their numbers around the square. King Faisal and his advisors met in Rasheed, where they agreed to end the riots using force to "restore order to the nation, and to punish those responsible." However, the protesters were armed with machine guns and Molotovs, and clashed with the security forces. Protester numbers continued to grow, as people trickled into the square, from the west. CCTV footage of the massacre in the square was nearly seized by the Abbasid Defense Forces, but was eventually smuggled out of Abbasid through Allajia, before being released to the government of Okaiken. Despite being vastly outgunned, protesters held the square, and the ADF eventually withdrew under heavy fire. The following morning President Faisal had the head of the ADF executed, and he assumed complete control over the forces.

However, Faisal's rule came to an abrupt end, as high ranking officials of the ADF who feared the possibility of Faisal turning against them, led a military coup against him, quickly overthrowing Faisal, and reinstalled the Abbasidi monarchy, with Zayed as King. Immediately after, Faisal and was publicly hanged in Rasheed's main square, a somber end to hid oppressive six year rule. Immediately after King Zayed returned to Abbasid, he graciously thanked the Abbasidi people for their bravery in a time of "instability". He soon introduced new reforms, giving more political freedom, amended the constitution of Abbasid to include basic human rights, and pardoned those penalized under King Faisal. In addition King Zayed also advocated the formation of the National Assembly of Abbasid, and disbanded the religious police. However, the war still continued. King Zayed immediately withdrew Abbasidi troops back from the front line, and declared an unilateral ceasefire, which was accepted by Sameshira. Negotiations between Sameshira and Abbasid began shortly later in Myeira, and finally ended with the signing of the Treaty of Anakra. Countinued negotiations resulted in the establishment of the Kabier Alliance in 1982, with the goal of preventing another war to repeat itself, and to increase economic and military cooperation between them.

Abbasid spent the remainder of the 1980s recovering from the devastating war with Sameshira, and the brutal rule of the Wahhabi government. By 1990 Abbasid has made a full recovery, enjoying a sudden construction craze, propelled by the rapid liberalization of it's economy, and increased oil exports. However many expatriates had fled Abbasid during the rule of King Faisal, back to their home countries, most of who never returned. Abbasid again went to war after terrorists from Farlas attempted to capture a small Abbasidi border town. In the ensuing war over 300 Abbasidi soldiers were killed along the border. With the help of the Farlasi Government, Abbasid managed to drive the terrorists from the border. The cooperation between Farlas and Abbasid ended when Abbasid announced construction of a new border wall that would run along the entire border. The Farlasi government condemed the border wall plans, stating it would ruin "inter-Kabier" relations. The wall construction continued however, resulting in Farlas' severing of diplomatic relations with Abbasid.

In 1993, Abbasid along with the Esdaadi Authority (which had lost the Esdaadi Civil War 16 years prior) signed the Lindos Accords in Sinope, in which Abbasid recognized the Esdaadi Authority as the legitimate representative of the Esdaadi people, and in exchange Esdaad would refrain from pursuing recognition in international organizations until a final peace agreement could be reached. The Accords also recognized the Esdaadi Authority as the only legitimate government of the land held by Al-Sawra. Despite the landmark agreement, neither side managed to carry out their commitments, and talks between the two sides broke down.

On December 31, 1999, minutes before the turn of the century, the Joint Etrusco-Abbasidi Agreement expired, resulting in the return on Nasser to Abbasidi sovereignty. The ceremony that followed coincided with New Year's Celebrations, which included an eight minute fireworks display along Nasser's waterfront. The ceremony was attended by King Zayed I of Abbasid, along with the remainder of the Federal Supreme Council. The Prime Minister of Etrusque was also present, and he gave a final farewell speech to the people of Nasser, before leaving in his motorcade. As the motorcade passed through the city it was showered in flowers from the crowd, an event that was not aired in Abbasid.

21st Century

In 2004 King Zayed died at the age of 86, without choosing his successor. A rivalry between Sheikh Hamin and his brother Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa soon emerged. The then 6-member Federal Supreme Council was unable to come to a decision, as it was split between the two brothers. Sheikh Hamin, who was favored by his father for his liberal ideologies, suggested to leave the situation up to the Abbasidi public, in a referendum. The proposal was harshly rejected by Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa, who then proceeded to take the throne by force, and gathered his supporters to storm the Royal Palace in Rasheed. He was aided by the Royal Abbasid Defense Forces, and seized the Royal Palace, where he declared himself King, and exiled his brother from Abbasid for life. Sheikh Hamin then attempted to flee to Sharan by helicopter. A re-vote by the Federal Supreme Council secured Sheikh Zayed II's position as the next King of Abbasid hours later. Following the re-vote it was announced that the helicopter carrying Sheikh Hamin had crashed off the coast of Al-Reem, killing everyone onboard. KIng Zayed II then reformed the Federal Supreme Council, creating a new emirate. The Federal Supreme Council gained one more Emir, avoiding the future possibility of split between two sides.

Abbasid launched its first satellite on August 25, 2005, named Kholwa1. Abbasid soon went on to launch thirteen more satellites, four of which were for imagine the planet. A economic crisis emerged in 2009 after Abbasid’s housing market collapsed, and foreign expatriates began a mass migration back to their home countries. Several cities such as Deira, Nahyan, and Sabrallaj were plunged into debt. However a Federal bailout was approved by the government of Rasheed, ending the crisis, but the housing industry is slowly recovering. Abbasid continued its neutral policy well into the beginning of the 21st Century, until the abdication of King Zayed on 14 November 2013. In addition to this King Zayed brought Abbasid out of its period of political isolation.

Recent History

Protests against corruption and lawlessness in Abbasid’s National Assembly broke out in July 2011. No political changes were announced by the King and the rest of the Federal Supreme Council, causing further protests. Protesters soon stormed the National Assembly calling for the resignation of Abbasid’s PM, before being arrested by security forces. Amid fears of escalating protests King Zayed dissolved parliament and announced new elections for 2012. But the King soon reversed the decision, calling the new elections “illegal” by the Abbasid’s constitution. Over 20,000 opposition protesters rallied against the decision, and clashed with security forces in downtown Rasheed. The Federal Supreme Council then changed the voting system for parliamentary elections, and approve the 2012 Elections. Opposition group boycotted the elections due to the changes in the voting system, allowing pro-government candidates to win the election. Protests have continued without any political concessions, through the abdication of King Zayed II on 13 Novermber, 2013, handing power over to his oldest son.

King Hamdan I (left) with his father, Nov. 2013

King Hamdan was crowned on 14 November 2013, and since then Abbasid has joined military operations with Sinope and other coalition nations engaged in the invasion of Bergenstein, in defense of Grand Aescail. Abbasid has also renewed military operations in the disputed Esdaad Provience, following the assassination of the emir of Khalifji, Sheikh Sameer al-Galan, by Bergenstein supported Esdaadi Terrorists. Following the attack the King raised Abbasid's security level from two to four, and called for three days of mourning for Sheikh Sameer. In addition, King Hamdan has pursued a tougher stance against Bergenstein, refusing to recognize its statehood, and referring to it as "Occupied Brullen".

Anti-government protester prepares to throw a canister of tear gas

Protests in Abbasid regained international attention in 2014 after protesters demanding democratic reforms stormed the King's Palace in Rasheed. Immediately following the occupation, the Federal Supreme Council dissolved the Federal National Council, which was controlled by the National Islamic Party, and announced new Parliamentary elections, Abbasid's third elections in the last four years. The move was met by outrage from Islamist throughout Abbasid, who declared the move illegal, and refused to recognize the election results. Despite the changes, protests from Liberal groups within Abbasid continued to grow, spreading to Deira, and the democratic Nasser SAR, with protesters denouncing what they called "Islamic hegemony into the Nasser SAR's independent, liberal government.

Violent clashes between pro-government supporters, and anti-government protesters ensued, resulting in the death of over 49 people nationwide. The Federal government announced the release of Benyamin al-Emin, a well known human rights activist, and a previous leader of the Liberal Party of Abbasid. The move resulted in mass celebrations from the the leftist protesters in Abbasid, while the decision was highly unpopular with the National Islamic Party. The following day protesters in Nasser toppled the statue of King Mohammed al-Rashid, the Islamist founder of Abbasid, and destroyed it with sledgehammers, while police looked on. Similar demonstrations occured throughout Abbasid, including in the extremely conservative emirate of Ayjad, where a man was arrested and sentenced to life in prison for tearing down Ayjad's Islamic flag and raising the flag of the Abbasidi Opposition Front, on live television. The Chief Executive of the Nasser SAR hailed the man as "the bravest man in Abbasid," and pledged to negotiate for his release.

Economy

Abbasid is ranked relatively high in HDI based on its economy and regulatory environment, as the GDP growth rate for 2011 was 6.7%. The national debt as of June 2009 was $108 billion. In 2012, its GDP, as measured by purchasing power parity, stood at $1.677 trillion. Petroleum and natural gas exports play an important role in the economy, especially in the capital, Rasheed. More than 65% of Abbasid's economy was based on the exports of natural resources in 2004. Abbasid has since then reduced its dependency on oil exports, by expanding the tourism, finance, and construction sectors. As a mainstay to the economy, oil exports now account for about 28 percent of Abbasid's total gross domestic product. In addition to being an important supplier of energy, Abbasid is now becoming an increasingly relevant consumer of energy. The Kingdom has continued its long tradition of responsible energy stewardship as it develops and diversifies its economy, accelerating the development of additional hydrocarbon reserves and contributes to the development and implementation of alternative energy sources.

Despite massive advances, Abbasid has remained largely conservative on other economic issues. Abbasidi law does not allow trade unions to form, and the right to go on strike is not recognised. Migrant workers who participate in a strike can have their work permits cancelled and be deported back to their home country. There are also no discrimination protections for foreign workers in Abbasid.

Abbasid's economy, particularly that of Deira, was badly damaged by the Abbasid Financial Crisis of 2008–2010, caused by the Global economic slowdown. In 2009, the country's economy shrank by 4.00% and the property sector and construction went into decline. However, tourism, trade and the retail sector have remained buoyant and Abbasid's economy has begun to recover with the help of its oversees investments. It is estimated that atleast ADRs560 billion worth of construction projects are currently ongoing within Abbasid. Almost 45% of these projects are being built in Deira, and its surronding areas. The Abbasidi Construction boom of the 1990s, and subsequently the 2000s has left Abbasid with several mega projects, such as the Kingdom City project (pictured right) of Jidda, attracting billions of dollars in foreign investments to the city.

Economic history and growth

Following the establishment of Abbasid, it was an economy based on subsistence agriculture by a population that was largely nomadic until the discovery of oil in the 1940s. The first oil exports began in the 1960s, but it was not until the 1973 oil crisis that the country saw rapid growth. Abbasid had a GDP per capita of §7,451 in 1971, compared to §51,160 in 2014. Annual imports grew 44% on average during the 1970s, but shrunk during the early 1980s from instability. From 1972 until late 1982 Abbasid was a government dominated planned economy, led by President Faisal. Abbasid's economy was further devastated by the Kabier Revolution, an attempt by President Faisal to transition Abbasid and its neighbors from their impoverished agrarian economies into one pan-Kabier society through rapid industrialization. The Kabier revolution proved to be a disaster, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths, and the loss of billions of dollars in investments.

Abbasid's economy underwent rapid liberalization during the late 1980s, attracting foreign investors and companies to Abbasid's vastly untapped oil fields. High corporate taxes permitted a rapid growth of Abbasid's housing market, and high investment in other sectors of the Abbasidi economy. Generous government stimulus packages further encouraged the diversification of Abbasid's economy from its oil industry, leading Abbasid to overtake Ankara as the largest economy in Central Althena in 1998.

Tourism

Culture

Abbasid's culture revolves around Islamic, and Khaleeji (Kabier: خليجي‎) tradition, as both are very prominent in Abbasid's music, architecture, attire, cuisine, and lifestyle. However, as Abbasid continues its modernization it has gained a diverse, multi-cultural society, and is experiencing a rapidly growing foreign population, while retaining little to no ethnic tension. In Abbasid, the weekend begins on Friday, as Friday is the holiest day for Muslims, or sometimes, Thursday-Friday, or Friday-Sunday. Abbasid, like its other Kabier neighbors, takes great pride in its hospitality. Guests in people's homes are treated with great warmth and respect, as hosts exhibit their polished manners and expect the same treatment back. Since its inception, Abbasid had become a largely cosmopolitan nation, hosting people from a variety of places such as Samastra, Asmiriva, Euphemia, and others. The country is extremely tolerant towards other religions; this can be seen through the presence of Christian churches and Jewish synagogues throughout the Kingdom.

With its unique development Abbasid is generally considered to be much more liberal than its neighbors, and native Abbasids are tolerant towards religious and other ideological differences. The majority of Abbasid's population follow a reformed form of Islam, which is much less strict, and allows much opportunity for social and political progression. After the Great Adonian War the Kingdom was ravaged by social tension, and corruption, and the economy near stagnant. Eventually the king of Abbasid began introducing new reforms; such as the creation of the Abbasidi National Assembly, and the lifting of several bans on social interaction, such as the ban on women driving. In 1975 Abbasid became the first, (of the two), to fully recognize LGBT rights.

Football is the most popular sport in Abbasid. Abbasidi football clubs such as Al-Rahmad, and al-Deirai are the most popular teams and enjoy the reputation of long-time regional champions. The Abbasidi Football Association was first established in 1964 and since then has dedicated its time and effort to promoting the game, organizing youth programs and improving the abilities of not only its players, but of the officials and coaches involved with its regional teams. The Kingdom has won the Kabier Cup Championship five times, first cup in January 1979 held in Manama, and has won the recent cup in January 2013 held in Deira. Other popular sports include camel racing, falconry, sand skiing, endurance riding, skydiving and tennis.

The most popular sporting event in Abbasid is the National Games of Abbasid, which are held every four years, which features a team from each of Abbasid's seven emirates competing against each other to win the most metals. The event was last hosted by Khalifji in 2010, and is due to be hosted by Nasser in 2014.

Cuisine

Due to harsh desert conditions, the traditional food of Abbasid uses a lot of meat, grain, and dairy. Vegetables are easy to grow in some areas, and are strongly featured in the diet. Traditional dishes include Ma'louba, Margooga, Harees, Machbous, Frsee'ah, Fireed, Jisheid, and Mishwy. Meats traditionally used were chicken or small fowl, such as Houbara bustards, and goats. Camels are highly prized in Abbasid, so eating camel meat is reserved for special occasions.

Seafood has been the mainstay of the Abbasidi diet for centuries. The Abbasid cuisine is a reflection of it's Kabier heritage and vast exposure to civilizations over time. Abbasid is the only Kabier nation to allow the consumption of pork. Meat, fish, and rice are the staple foods of the Abbasidi cuisine, while lamb and mutton are the more favored meats, then goat and beef. Popular beverages are coffee and tea, which can be supplemented with cardamom, saffron, or mint to give it a distinct flavor. Beer imported from Bergenstein is also very popular in Abbasid, but has been in short supply since the Abbasidi ban on all Bergenstein products.

Essential to any cooking in the Kabier Peninsula is the concept of hospitality and generosity. Meals are generally large family affairs, with much sharing and a great deal of warmth over the dinner table. Formal dinners and celebrations generally involve large quantities of lamb, and every occasion entails large quantities of traditional Abbasidi coffee. In an average Kabier state household, a visitor might expect a dinner consisting of a very large platter, shared commonly, with a vast amount of rice, incorporating lamb or chicken, or both, as separate dishes, with various stewed vegetables, heavily spiced, sometimes with a tomato-based sauce. Most likely there would be several other less hearty items on the side. Tea would certainly accompany the meal, as it is almost constantly consumed. Coffee would be included as well.

Abbasidi people and Dress

The Abbasidi people are the native people that dominated the land for centuries. Kabier descendants of the Bani Yousef clans, Al Rashid and Al Suqeim royal families in Rasheed and Deira, respectively, along with the descendants of the Bakri represent the leadership of Abbasidi. Most Abbasidi are ethnic Kabiers who originated from the Hedjaz region in western Abbasid. Due to the large growth of Abbasid's economy, many expatriates from abroad have migrated to Abbasid, and now threaten to overtake native Abbasidi as the largest ethnic group in the country. Official estimates indicate that expatriates will overtake Abbasidi as early as 2016. As of 2012, 53.3% of Abbasid's population were native Abbasidi.

The population as a whole is estimated by the USN is to be at 36 million people, with 50-52% of these being citizens. The population growth rate is 3.1% per year. The primary religion in Abbasid is Islam, with the population estimated to be 70% Muslim. Hinduism and Christianity are minorities as stated by the USN. The official language is Kabier. Other languages such as Trentannian, and Etruscan are spoken among the different peoples. Abbasid is estimated to have an average life expectancy of seventy-six years, the second highest in the Kabier World.

Many of the older Abbasidi men prefer wearing the traditional Abbasidi clothes, such as the kandoora, an ankle-length white shirt woven from wool or cotton while many local women wear an abaya, a black over-garment covering most parts of the body. On an average a Abbasidi male nationals usually have up to 50 kanduras as they keep changing their clothing to ensure the dress being kept clean. This attire is particularly well-suited for Abbasid's hot and dry climate. Demand for Western-style clothing has exploded in the last few years, especially among the Abbasidi youth.

However, Abbasid has no official dress code, as Abbasid is a secular state. Both men and women are free to where what they desire, regardless of religion, sex, or social status. Abbasid has no laws banning the wearing of hijabs, or headdresses in public institutions, nor any other religious symbols, as it hinders the freedom of religion. However, private institutions have the right to decide what is acceptable attire, and what is not. Abbasid's secular laws have caused controversy in Ayjad, Abbasid's strict Sharia-ruled emirate, where women are required to wear full body coverings. Islamist supporters claim that Abbasid's secular laws violate important Sharia guidelines, and are therefor harem. The Abbasidi Supreme Court upheld its earlier ruling, which was in favor of Abbasid's secular laws, but agreed to hear Ayjad's appeal against the ruling.

Media and Television

Abbasid's media is considered partly free, with criticism of the Kingdom in the media is illegal: according to article 46 of the press law “The King of the Kingdom of Abbasid shall not be criticized and no statement can be attributed to him unless under a written permission from the manager of his office.”Addiyar is a main television network headquartered in Deira, Abbasid. Addiyar initially launched in 1996 as an Kabier news and current affairs satellite TV channel of the same name, but has since expanded into a network of several specialty TV channels. There are several independent newspapers, radio stations, and other media outlets in Abbasid, but many face censorship by the government due to their content.

Print media is going through expansion, with over three Trentannian dailies and Kabier titles. Abbasid Today is the only monthly business magazine in the country. It is published by Tariq Advertising, which is the largest magazine publisher in Abbasid. The group also publishes several titles such as Abbasid Al Fahed, the only monthly business magazine in Abbasid in Kabier. In more recent times, with the advent of Social Media, online news portals such as Khaleeji Times and Abbasid Chronicle have gained popularity among the public in Abbasid. The latter of which has been particularly noted for their bold articles that are often not in line with the publicly accepted propaganda. With the completion of the Deira Media City, a free zone intended to attract media, service providers and businesses, as well as publishers, broadcasters, music companies, and production firms, Abbasid's media censorship laws have come under criticism. In addition to tax benefits, companies locating there have been guaranteed that the government will not censor their news and information content, provided certain relatively liberal guidelines of taste and propriety are met.

In 2012, the Abbasid was home to 91 free-to-air channels, falling slightly behind the United Kabier Emirates in total number of channels within the Kabier world. Abbasid also had 21 terrestrial channels, of which 8 are are state-owned. Television in Abbasid is mainly received through free satellite, while analog terrestrial represents 41% of total viewers. The average resident in Abbasid watches a total of 4 hours of television per day. Since Abbasid launched its first broadcasts in the 1960s, state-run channels have held a monopoly on terrestrial broadcast, and the Ministry of Information strictly banned foreign television, and controlled all but one of Abbasid's terrestrial channels.

Religion

Royal Makarim Towers, Ayjad, Abbasid

Article 15 of Abbasid's constitution states: "secularism, social equality, equality before law shall be upheld", effectively banning the establishment of an official religion. The citizen population is 96.8% Muslim, although the Muslim proportion falls to 70.2% when the non-national population is included. Current census data doesn't differentiate between the other religions in Abbasid, but there are about 4 million Christian citizens and about 750,000 Jewish citizens. Most Muslims in Abbasid belong to the Sunni branch of Islam. There are no official figures, but the Sunni constitute 97% of the Abbasidi Muslim population. Foreigners, overwhelmingly from East Althena and other Kabier countries, constituted 44% of the population in 2010. Of these, 52% are Muslim and 48% are non-Muslim, including Christians (primarily: Catholic, and Protestant).

Abbasid is home to the two holiest cities on Adonia, Aminah and Ayjad. At one point Abbasid required foreign workers to convert to Islam before entering the Kingdom, and banned all religious propaganda that didn't support Islam. Apostasy from Islam to another religion was also punishable by death. Since 1975 the government of Abbasid has permitted its residents to worship their religion freely, but did not lift bans on the public display of minority religious symbols. However, the recently ratified constitution of Abbasid prohibits discrimination based on religious affiliation, rendering these bans inapplicable.

Polls taken in 2013 show that, of Abbasid's population, 42% of those stated that religion played no role in their daily lives at all, 42% said religion played a minor role in their lives, while only 6% stated that religion played an important role in their lives. The remainder either declined to answer, or were unsure. This shows a major change in the Abbasidi population, with a sharp decrease of those who held religion to a higher priority in their lives.

Islamic heritage sites

Abbasid, and specifically the Najd Region, as the cradle of Islam, has many of the most significant historic Muslim sites, including the two holiest sites of Ayjad and Aminah. One of the titles of the emir of Ayjad is Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, the two mosques being Masjid al-Haram in Ayjad, which contains Islam's most sacred place, the Kaaba, and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi in Aminah which contains Muhammad's tomb.

However, since political reforms that gave more control over the affairs of Abbasid's emirates over to their respective emirs, the cities of Najd have suffered from considerable destruction of their physical heritage at the hands of Ayjad's Wahhabi government. For example, it has been estimated that about 65% of Ayjad's historic buildings, most over a thousand years old, have been demolished. These include the mosque originally built by Muhammad's daughter Fatima, and other mosques founded by Abu Bakr (Muhammad's father-in-law and the first Caliph), Umar (the second Caliph), Ali (Muhammad's son-in-law and the fourth Caliph), and Salman al-Farsi (another of Muhammad's companions). Other historic buildings that have been destroyed include the house of Khadijah, the wife of the Prophet, the house of Abu Bakr, now the site of several hotels for pilgrims on the Hajj; the house of Ali-Oraid, the grandson of the Prophet, and the Mosque of abu-Qubais, now the location of the Emir's palace in Ayjad. The destruction of these historic landmarks was banned by King Zayed, as he wished to preserve Abbasid's historic background, and prevent the spread of Wahhabism. The ban was lifted under King Zayed's son, who was a staunch supporter of Wahhabism, and the destruction accelerated during his 9 year rule.

However King Hamdan I re-instituted the ban on the demolition of historical sites, in his attempts to limit the spread of Wahhabism in Abbasid, and reaffirm the nation as a secular state, free of any religious interference. The status of Najd's Islamic sites are currently a major source of tension between the Emirate of Ayjad and the Central Abbasidi government.

Architecture

Abbasid's architecture revolves around traditional Islamic designs, as it reflects the traditional lifestyles and customs of the people. However, since the Oil Era the presence of Islamic architecture has steadily begun to fall, being replaced with more modern, predominately glass, structures. This can be seen in Deira, where almost 75% of all of the city's Islamic architecture has been torn down to make room for larger, contemporary buildings. One of the few remaining landmarks of Deira is the Palace of the founder of the city, Sheikh Emadi al-Suqeim.

National Day

Abbasidi man holding the flag of Abbasid

Fireworks display at Burj

National Day is celebrated on 2 December each year in the Kingdom of Abbasid for two days or more (mostly on the 2nd and 3rd). It marks Abbasid's independence from Etrusque, and the Abbasidi victory against Malo during the 1934 Invasion of Abbasid, which secured Abbasid's status as an independent, sovereign nation. During its National Day, Abbasid is one of the rare places that one can witness the harmonious existence of tradition and modernity together.

Schools in the Abbasid celebrate National Day by holding national events and celebrations where kids will dress up in the Cultural "thoub and "kandoora" and perform traditional and other folkloric dances and organize cultural contests. In Rasheed, the country's capital, celebrations are held in the city centre, Tahrir Square, in which people arrive in decorated cars marking the history of the nation. Shops are also selling house decorations such as flags, to help show the people's spirit across the country. Scarfs decorated with the flag of Abbasid, and pictures of the past leaders of the Kingdom are massed produced for National Day Celebrations.

Geography

Abbasid is a situated in Central Althena, and is the largest country on the Kabier Peninsula, bordering the Kabier and Dahji Gulfs. Its extensive coastlines on the Kabier Gulf and Dahji Gulf provide great leverage on shipping (especially crude oil) through the Straight of Iras, and the Amaar Passage. The kingdom occupies 80% of the Kabier Peninsula. Most of the country's boundaries with the United Kabier Emirates (UKE), Daria, and the Farlas Kabier Republic (formerly two separate countries: the Republic of Farlas and the People's Democratic Republic of Farlas) are undefined, so the exact size of the country remains unknown.

Abbasid's geography is dominated by the Rub' al Khali Desert and associated semi-desert and shrubland. It is, in fact, a number of linked deserts and includes the 647,500 km2 Rub' al Khali ("Empty Quarter") in the northerm part of the country, the world's largest contiguous sand desert. The few fertile areas are to be found in the alluvial deposits in wadis, basins, and oases, which allow for the development of Abbasid's interior. The main topographical feature is the central plateau which rises abruptly from the Dahji Gulf and gradually descends into the city of Rasheed and toward the Kabier Gulf. The northeast emirate Umm-Salal is mountainous, and contains the 10,239ft Mount Taif, which is the highest point in the country.

The fauna in Abbasid includes wolves, hyenas, mongooses, baboons, hares, sand rats, and jerboas. Larger animals such as gazelles, oryx, and leopards thrive northern Abbasid, after the government ban on hunting. Birds include falcons (which are caught and trained for hunting), eagles, hawks, vultures, sand grouse and bulbuls. There are several species of snakes, many of which are venomous, and numerous types of lizards. The marine life in the Kabier Gulf is numerous, but has been endangered by rapid dredging and construction. Domesticated animals include camels, sheep, goats, donkeys, and chickens. The greenest area in Abbasid is Bawadi, due to its massive oases. Its underground irrigation system has allowed for the massive growth of date palms, and farming.

Climate

The climate of Abbasid is arid. The hottest months are July and August, when average maximum temperatures reach above 40 °C (104.0 °F) on the coastal plain. In the Al-Yirib Mountains, temperatures are considerably cooler, a result of increased altitude. Average minimum temperatures in January and February are between 10 and 14 °C (50 and 57.2 °F). During the late summer months, a humid southeastern wind known as the sharqi makes the coastal region especially unpleasant. The average annual rainfall along Abbasid's the coastal area is fewer than 120 mm (4.7 in), but in some mountainous areas annual rainfall often reaches 350 mm (13.8 in). Rain in the coastal region falls in short, torrential bursts during the summer months, sometimes resulting in floods in ordinarily dry wadi beds, which helps improve farming conditions. The region is prone to occasional, violent dust storms, which can severely reduce visibility. In all of Abbasid's history, snowfall has only been recorded twice.

Except for the autonomous terriroty of the Shaltivians, Abbasid is dominated by a desert climate with extremely high day-time temperatures and a sharp temperature drop at night. In the Shaltivians the climate is much more tropical than the mainland. The average rainfall for the Shaltivian islands ranges from 2,900 mm (114 in) to 3,600 mm (142 in).

The Kingdom of Abbasid operates under a federal constitutional monarchy with universal suffrage. Although Abbasid is a constitutional monarchy, the king holds some limited and largely ceremonial duties. The current monarch is Hamdan I. Abbasid is governed by its bicameral National Assembly, known as the Federal Supreme Council, made up of the 488-member Chamber of Representatives, and the 100-member Senate. The prime minister is the head of government and head of the cabinet. The consultative Federal Supreme Council, which is made up of the seven emirs of Rasheed, Deira, Sabrallaj, Umm Salal, Khalifji, Ras' al-Ziad, and Ayjad, and must give royal consent in passing a law, but its ruling can be overruled by a vote in the National Assembly. All responsibilities not granted to the national government are reserved to the emirates. A percentage of revenues from each emirate are allocated to Abbasid's central budget. Parliamentary elections are scheduled every four years, but unstable coalitions or a no-confidence vote by the Federal Supreme Council can dissolve a government earlier. The Basic Laws of Abbasid are established by the the nation's constitution. In 2014, the Federal National Council passed a new Abbasidi constitution, removing the last religious laws from Abbasidi politics.

Although elected by the Supreme Council, the king is essentially hereditary, as the emir of Rasheed holds kingship. Sheikh Mohammed Al-Rashid was the first king of Abbasid from the nation's founding until his death on March 21, 1963. On the following day the Federal Supreme Council elected his son, Sheikh Zayed bin Mohammed Al Rashid as king. The recently revised constitution of the Kingdom of Abbasid established the positions of King (chief of state) and the Prime Minister, who is elected by the party which controls the Federal National Council, and and serves as the head of government. Abbasid's judiciary branch is led by the Federal Supreme Court, which wields the power to overrule all decisions by both the National Assembly, and the Federal Supreme Council. The current prime minister is the former leader of Abbasid's 2011 Opposition Bloc, Mansour Reza, whose left-wing Socialist Party was elected for the first time since the Islamist Revolution in the 2014 general elections.

Under federal authority, responsibilities include foreign affairs, security and defence, nationality and immigration issues, education, public health, currency, postal, telephone and other communications services, air traffic control, licensing of aircraft, labour relations, banking, delimitation of territorial waters and extradition of criminals. Issues excluded from Articles 120 and 121 of the Constitution are to be under the jurisdiction of respective Emirates and are reaffirmed by Article 116 which states that: ‘the Emirates shall exercise all powers not assigned to the National Assembly by this Constitution’. This is further reiterated by Article 122, which stated that ‘the Emirates shall have jurisdiction in all matters not assigned to the exclusive jurisdiction of the National Assembly, in accordance with the provision of the preceding two Articles’.

Foreign Relations

Abbasid maintains friendly relations with most nations on Adonia, and has long maintained a close relationship with more democratic states. Since its independence, Abbasid has maintained a balanced foreign policy based on adoption of dialogue, respect of international conventions, and non-interference of other country's internal affairs. Abbasid also supports the settlement of disputes by peaceful means, but has not renounced the use of force. In addition, Abbasid has become an important international player, with its position as the leading Kabier nation, and its close ties to East Althena and Euphemia.

Abbasid's foreign policy is mostly directed towards peace, and cooperation within the Kabier World. Abbasid has little involvement in international affairs, and willfully chooses not to participate in International summits. The Kingdom does not participate in any international peacekeeping missions, and hasn't fought in any major conflicts, since 1981. Abbasid seeks to maintain a neutral policy towards other nations, and to avoid getting involved in armed conflicts. The main goals of Abbasid's foreign policy are to:

further the peaceful coexistence of nations;

maintain stability within Althena

promote Abbasidi economic interests abroad;

alleviate need and poverty in the world.

Abbasid has been known for its restraint in foreign affairs, and has strove to maintain a neutral stance in world politics. Abbasid is a member of the East Althenian Sphere, a mutual defense alliance consisting of most East Althenian nations, and is an observer member of the South Cilican Mutual Defense Treaty. Abbasid adheres to a policy of armed neutrality, with the goal of defending it's sovereignty and neutrality in International affairs.

Military

The Abbasid Defense Forces are the military forces of the Kingdom of Abbasid. It is focused on defending the Abbasid's borders, sovereignty, and its citizens. Spending on Abbasid's defense has significantly increased since the Great Adonian War. The ADF also makes up the bulk of the Peninsula Shield Force, whose primary objective is to defend the Kabier states from external threats. In addition to this, each of the seven emirates of Abbasid have there own Mobile Defence Force, depending on the population of the emirate, size ranges from 2,000 to 15,000 troops. The ADF was organized during the 1934 Invasion of Abbasid by consolidating paramilitary organizations—chiefly tribal and militart groups that preceded the establishment of the Kingdom. The last major engagement of the ADF was the 1981 Second Great Central War, and has since then been involved in several border incursions and disputes with surrounding states.

Abbasid's HMS Asafiyah advanced submarine

The nation's military relies heavily on high-tech weapons systems designed and manufactured in foreign nations, as well as some made in Abbasid. After the Great Adonian War Abbasid has developed, and continues to operate, a network of reconnaissance satellites. The success of the joint Abbasid-Cento Alaam program has made Abbasid one of three countries in Central Althena capable of launching such satellites. Since its establishment, Abbasid has spent a significant portion of its gross domestic product on defense. In 1990, Abbasid spent 29% of its GDP on defense. By 2012, that figure had dropped to 3.3%. In recent years Abbasid has begun steadily increasing its military capabilities, in order to deal with regional threats. The Kingdom finalized an arms deal with Folland in November 2013, and is currently looking into other deals.

The Abbasidi Navy has undergone massive expansion in recent years with the goal of defending Abbasid's maritime borders, and its overseas possessions. However, Abbasid's navy has begun to shift its focus from defense to its offensive capabilities, due to recent developments in Central Althena. Abbasid's navy is a green-water navy, with the potential to become a blue water navy.

Abbasidi tanks in Operation Khalid's Sword

The Abbasidi Air Force is designed to support ground forces with surveillance, reconnaissance and troop lift. Two reconnaissance squadrons use light aircraft, three helicopter squadrons are used to move troops and one air transportation squadron uses C-130 transport aircraft to move troops, equipment, and supplies. It currently has around 8,000 personnel. It is planned to increase to 38,000 personnel, with 550 aircraft by 2018. Since the Second Great Central War, it has undergone a continual reorganization and expansion in terms of both capability and numbers of aircraft. Abbasid is currently negotiating purchasing fighters from several Euphemian companies. The Abbasidi airforce is the 6th largest Air Force in the world, behind several world powers, including Shayden, Acadia, and Peilan.

Abbasid is widely believed to possess nuclear weapons as well as chemical and biological weapons of mass destruction. Abbasid has not signed the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and maintains a policy of deliberate ambiguity toward its nuclear capabilities.

Law

The Constitution of the Kingdom of Abbasid confers equality, liberty, rule of law, presumption of innocence in legal procedures, inviolability of the home, freedom of movement, freedom of opinion and speech, freedom of communication, freedom of religion, freedom of council and association, freedom of occupation, freedom to be elected to office and others onto all citizens. All emirates have their own secular laws for civil, criminal, and high courts.

Legal System

Abbasid has a three-tier court system, At the lowest level are magistrate courts, situated in the largest cities across the country. Above them are district courts, serving both as appellate courts and courts of first instance; and they are situated in six of Abbasid's seven emirates. The third and highest tier is the Supreme Court called the Federal Supreme Court, located in Rasheed; and it serves a dual role as the highest court of appeals and the High Court of Justice. In the latter role, the Supreme Court rules as a court of first instance, allowing individuals, both citizens and non-citizens, to petition against the decisions of state (emirate) authorities.

Administrative divisions

The Kingdom of Abbasid is divided into seven emirates, and each of Abbasid's emirates of divided into several governorates. The most populous emirate is Deira, which is home to 33% of Abbasid's total population. The Emirate of Rasheed has a further 30%, meaning that over two-thirds of the Abbasid's population live in either Deira or Rasheed.

LGBT rights

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) persons in Abbasid may face challenges not experienced by non-LGBT Abbasidis. Adult and consensual sexual acts for LGBT individuals are legal in Abbasid, and Abbasidi law recognizes same-sex marriages and civil unions from other countries, but they are not performed in Abbasid. LGBT activity for both women and men was decriminalized in 1975. Abbasid became the first Kabier nation to recognize unregistered cohabitation between same-sex couples, making it one of the two nations in Central Althena to recognize any same-sex union thus far. In 2014, the new Abbasidi constitution highlighted equal protections and treatment for, "all citizens, regardless of gender, race, or sexual orientation," effectively criminalizing all discrimination against LGBT citizens.

Deira Pride (first assembled 1998) is one of the few, and by far the largest LGBT Pride event in Central Althena, attracted 150,000 in 2012. Gays and lesbians are also allowed to serve openly in the military since 1997. Recent polls have found that the majority of Abbasidi support further recognition of same-sex relations, despite more than 70% of Abbasid's population belonging to the Sunni branch of Islam. LGBT media is highly prevelant in Abbasidi society. As of 2012, an estimated 9-12% of Abbasid's population are homosexual.

Women's Rights

Women in Abbasid have been officially guaranteed gender equality since the implementation of liberal reforms under King Zayed I in 1975, and was reiterated in the 2014 Abbasidi Constitution. This has enabled women to actively participate in all spheres of Abbasidi life. The new Abbasidi constitution states: “The Kingdom of Abbasid (…) will ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex.” Women are guaranteed the right to vote and hold office in Abbasid, although women usually don't participate in Abbasidi politics. As of 2010, 17.5% of Abbasid's parliament was made up of women.

Women can openly participate in Abbasid's armed forces, but it is not mandatory. It is estimated that 7.3% of Abbasid's armed forces are made up of women. 2012 estimates indicated that between 45-50% of Abbasidi women are in the work force. Criminal acts against women have been known to receive harsher punishment than those against men, as women are highly respected in Abbasidi society.

Human Rights

Human rights are legally protected by the Constitution of Abbasid, which confers equality, liberty, rule of law, presumption of innocence in legal procedures, inviolability of the home, freedom of movement, freedom of opinion and speech, freedom of communication, freedom of religion, freedom of council and association, freedom of occupation, freedom to be elected to office and others onto all citizens, within the limit of the law. Abbasid is held to be one of the most liberal countries in Central Althena, particularly when compared to its neighbor, Farlas KR. Abbasid has one of the strongest human rights records in the region.

Due to the rapid development of Abbasid from a traditional, relatively homogeneous society in the mid-20th century to a modern, multicultural one at the beginning of the 21st century, the concurrent development of legal provisions and the practical enforcement of existing laws has been challenging and, in consequence, problems exist mainly in regard to human rights of non locals, who make up around 64% of the population, with main issues including companies' and employers' non-compliance with labor laws, which for some are novel. Abbasid became the second member of the Kabier Alliance Kabier to ban the Kafala system, after the Federal Supreme Council likened the system to slavery.

Following rapid advancements, Abbasid signed and ratified several human and labor rights treaties. The protections of expatriate workers' rights rapidly eroded during the reign of King Zayed II, which lead to massive increases in human rights abuses against expatriates mostly those from East Althena. King Hamdan I, following his ascension to the Abbasidi throne, has pushed for increased protections for foreign workers, extended benefits, and has encouraged them to participate in Abbasidi politics and speak out. King Hamdan has also passed several laws increasing the penalties for Abbasidi citizens who violate Abbasid's labor laws. Although it is illegal, the confiscation of passports occurs on a large scale. Laborers often toil in intense heat with temperatures reaching 54 degrees Celsius (129 degrees Fahrenheit) in the cities in August. Temperatures in the desert can be higher, as official temperatures are censored during the summer months by employers. Although attempts have been made since 2009 to enforce a midday break rule, these are frequently flouted. The few laborers who do receive a midday break often have no suitable place to rest.

Demographics

Abbasid's population density, 2010

The cultural environment in Abbasid is cosmopolitan; as the country does not adhere to Islamic law (Shari'a), as Abbasid has a separate common law base. Abbasid exercises acceptance of other cultures that have begun to grow within the Kingdom. By law, Cultural presentations aren't required to conform to what Sharia defines as ethical, but they have the choice to do so if they prefer. Men and women enjoy equal treatment throughout Abbasid, but there has been evidence of limited gender inequality. The rapid increase of foreign workers arriving in Abbasid following the beginning of the oil era has lead to massive growth of Abbasid's leftist leaning political base, while fueling increased tension between Abbasid's government and the once dominant Islamic groups.

Ethnic groups

Most Abbasidi are ethnically Kabier of whom lived in the territories that became the Kingdom since 1920. Many Kabiers from nearby countries are employed in the kingdom. There also are significant numbers of East Althenian expatriates mostly from Samastra, Jhekong, the United Vassailes, and Bualo. The 1970s and 1980s saw a decrease in expatriate numbers following a period of political uncertainty in Abbasid, with most returning to their home countries. Estimates show that there are atleast 100,000 foreigners in Abbasid from West Althena, most of whom from the Bergen Terriroties.

In 2010, Abbasid's population was estimated at 33 million of whom 56% were Abbasid nationals or Abbasdi, while the remainder of the population were expatriates. The country's net migration rate stands at 21.70, the world's highest. Under Article 10 of Abbasid Federal Law, an expatriate can apply for citizenship after residing in the country for 20 years, providing that person has never been convicted of a crime and can speak fluent Kabier, although the Ruling family can grant citizenship to expatriates who have provided extraordinary service to the Kingdom. As of 2013, Abbasidi citizens accounted for 53.5% of the total population; while East Althenians constituted the 2nd largest group, making up 31.2% of the total; other Althenians make up 12.7% while other expatriates were 7% of the total population. The average life expectancy is 77.3 years, higher than any other Kabier nation.

Immigration

Immigration to Abbasid has skyrocketed in recent years, following the recovery of Abbasid's economy from it's 2011 crash. As of 2012, Abbasid had a net migration rate of 15.04 migrants/1000 population, one of the world's highest. East Althenans accounted for 65% of incoming expatriates, while the smallest group were from Euphemia, making up only 1.2% of all immigrants.

Language

Kabier is the national language of Abbasid. The Gulf dialect of Kabier is spoken natively by the Abbasidi people. However due to early influence from western Althena, Trentannian and Brullen are commonly heard throughout Abbasid. Other widely used languages are Etruscan, as well as Sanese, Bulalo, Insulonian, and a few minor languages, spoken by the large North East Althenian expatriates. Ankarian was not commonly spoken in Abbasid due to a government ban on the language after Great Adonian War, but the ban was lifted in 1973 by King Zayed. Most signs in Abbasid are in both Kabier and Trentannian, as Trentannian has become the 2nd most common language in Abbasid. A proposal to include Brullan as a third national language was rejected by the Federal Supreme Council.

Education

Following the unification of Abbasid education was very poor, and was limited to Islamic schools that only accepted male citizens. During the reign of King Zayed I education was rapidly expanded, and the first university was built in Abbasid. Free education was open to every resident of Abbasid, citizen and expat, no matter what gender. This encouraged the founding of The Sanese University of Rasheed in 1976. Since then, the country has progressed with efforts of ensuring high literacy rates, modern programs and women’s share in education. Abbasid currently devotes approximately 25 percent of total federal government spending to education. The overall literacy rate is 90%.

Public education is free for male and female citizen children through the university level in Abbasid. Expatriates can also attend school in Abbasid for free. Education is compulsory through the twelfth grade. Primary school enrollment for males in 2010 stood at 89% and 93% of females. Secondary school enrollment figures are lower with 65% for males, and 72% for females. In 2004–5 approximately 9.9 percent of students in grades one through five and 8.3 percent of students in grades six through nine did not complete their education; this rate rose to 9.3 percent in grades 10–12. The overall literacy rated of Abbasid is 91% Between the ages of 15-29, males reached 98% literacy and women 96%.

Sheikh Zayed University, 1998

Health

Standards of health care are much higher than that of its Kabier neighbors, a result of increased government spending during strong economic years. According to the Federal Supreme Council, total expenditures on health care in 2010 was $2.1 billion. According to the World Health Organization, in 2004 total expenditures on health care constituted 2.9 percent of gross domestic product (GDP), and the per capita expenditure for health care was US$903. Health care currently is free only for Abbasid citizens. Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of death in the Abbasid, avreaging 24 percent of total deaths; other major causes are accidents and injuries, malignancies, and congenital anomalies.

Infastructure

Communication

Abbasid currently has the largest number of active cellphones in Central Althena, with approximately 89% of its population (32,249,012) possessing one or more cellphones. It also has the region's largest number of internet and broadband users, with over 30 million internet users as of 2013, equivalent to around 85% of its population.

Transportation

Transportation has rapidly increased in Abbasid since the oil era, with the government spending billions on upgrading highways, and the construction of airports. While air is the easiest way to travel around Abbasid, most travelers choose to either take a train, or drive through Abbasid. The massive increases in foreign expatriates moving into Abbasid caused a transportation nightmare in cities such as Deira, and Rasheed, causing widespread air and water pollution. Since then Abbasid has reinvented itself, boasting some of the world's best transportation systems.

Air travel

Most of the world’s leading airlines fly into the Abbasid’s nine international airports, but most passengers fly into Deira International Airport (DXB). Other international airports are located at Rasheed, Jedda, Sabrallaj, Umm Salal, Khalifji, and Ra’s al-Ziad. The national airline, RoyalAbbasid Airlines operates international flights to and from Deira and Rasheed, and Jedda, and Kabier Air flies to all seven airports. Abbasid has begun to invest heavily in developing the reach of its airline, RoyalAbbasid. The hope is to develop Abbasid's air transportation industry to the point that passengers from any city can fly direct to RoyalAbbasid's hub, Deira. As of 2012, Deira's International Airport has been the busiest airport in the world.

The Deira International Airport is a hub for RoyalAbbasid and FlyDeira and has a large duty-free shopping centre. The airport has won numerous awards for its excellence in design and services, and is currently undergoing expansion. The new terminal is dedicated to RoyalAbbasid Airlines and fully supports the new Airbus A380. The completion of this terminal doubled the capacity of the airport. A new concourse, catering to the A380, was completed in late 2012. Al Suqeim International Airport, currently undergoing, has allowed the construction a new free trade area within Deira and will be the centerpiece of the Deira World Central aerotropolis. The airport was announced in 2008 and construction began in March 2009, with the last expansion due to be complete by mid-2014. Although initially intended as a predominantly cargo airport, plans are being drawn up for the new airport to handle some 120 million passengers per annum within 20 years of its completetion.

Rail

Rail has played a major part in Abbasid's history, even before the Kingdom was established. The first railway that existed in present day Abbasid was the Hedjaz Railway, which was built by Ankara to improve travel speed for armies moving between the capital and other Ankarian land. With the unification of Abbasid in 1933, Ankara invading the Kingdom, with foreign support. Throughout the war Abbasidi militias sabotaged the rail, blowing up lines, and derailing trains. By the end of the war most of the Hedjaz Railway was unrecognizable. In 1965 King Zayed launched the revitalization of Abbasid's Rail System, and formed the Abbasidi Rail Oragnization to oversee the project.

Currently, Abbasid's rail is essential to the movement of goods throughout the Kingdom, but is in decline, with larger reliance on aviation. Abbasid is also participating in the KCC-wide Rail System, which will connect all of the Kabier nations with several lines. The project will cost an estimated $1.1 trillion at its completion.

High speed rail

Since high-speed rail service in Abbasid was introduced on September 21, 1998, with the completion of the Deira-Sabrallaj-Rasheed Line. Increased population along with rapid economic growth prompted the Abbasidi Government to form the High Speed Rail Commision, to help manage Abbasid's high-speed rail network. Daily ridership has grown from 352,000 in 2005 to 1.18 million in 2010, making the Abbasidi high-speed rail network one of the most heavily used in the world. Abbasid's high-speed rail network consists of upgraded conventional railways, newly built high-speed passenger designated lines (PDLs), and one of the world's first high-speed commercial magnetic levitation (maglev) line. Nearly all high-speed rail lines and rolling stock are owned and operated by the Abbasid High Speed Rail Commission, the national high speed rail operator under the Abbasidi Railway Organization. The Deira Maglev Train is also owned and operated by the government of Deira.

Abbasid's High speed rail system's growth exploded in the beginning of the 21st century, through generous funding through the government's economic stimulus packages between 2005 and 2010. In 2011, the first line of the Pan-Kabier High Speed Rail link was completed, connecting Deira with Sharan City in preparation for the 2011 Adonian Games in Deira. A further 2,000 km of high-speed rail is planned, to connect the remaining Kabier nations.

Roads and Highways

The government of Abbasid encourages road transport, as Abbasid has maintained the lowest gas prices on Adonia, at $0.48 per gallon. Roads in Abbasid vary from eight laned roads to small two laned roads in rural areas. The city highways and other major highways are well maintained, specially the roads in major cities such as Rasheed and Deira. The roads have been constructed to resist the consistently high temperatures and do not reflect the strong sunshine. The outer city highways such as those linking from coast to coast have recently undergone massive expansion to allow quicker and easier transportation through the Kingdom.