eRAN

DSCP-based Service Experience

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

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and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.

NoticeThe purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and thecustomer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within thepurchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representationsof any kind, either express or implied.The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in thepreparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, andrecommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Function Implementation in Macro, Micro, and LampSite eNodeBs

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2.1 BackgroundThe proportion of video services on a network is increasing continuously. When the cell load isheavy, user experience with video playback deteriorates. For example, the video initial bufferingtime is extended, and the number of video freezes increases. The Video Service Rate Adaptionfeature reduces the video buffering time and the number of video freezes to improve userexperience.When a considerable quantity of download services, such as P2P download, FTP download, andHTTP download, are provided in a cell, these download services affect user experience withhigh-priority services in the cell, such as web browsing, video playback, and over the top (OTT)services. The Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature decreases the priority of downloadservices, thereby reducing the resource preemption of download services on high-priorityservices and improving user experience with high-priority services.

2.2 IntroductionThe Busy-Hour Download Rate Control and Video Service Rate Adaption features rely on aservice awareness device deployed in the evolved packet core (EPC) or a third-party serviceawareness device. The service awareness device identifies download services and video servicesand sets differentiated services code points (DSCPs) in the service packets based on theidentification results. The eNodeB parses these DSCPs to obtain the identification results andperforms differentiated QoS guarantee for download and video services.Using the service awareness device, the Video Service Rate Adaption feature identifies HTTPbased video services and allocates required bandwidth to these services. This ensures smoothvideo playback and improves user experience.

DSCPThe service awareness device sets DSCPs based on service type identification results. TheeNodeB parses the DSCPs to obtain the identification results.

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SGBRSGBR is short for service guaranteed bit rate, which is defined by Huawei. The SGBR guaranteesthe rate of video services on non-GBR bearers and increases the priorities for video serviceswhose rates are lower than the SGBR.

SMBRSMBR is short for service maximum bit rate, which is defined by Huawei. The SMBR controlsthe rate of download services on non-GBR bearers and decreases the priorities for downloadservices whose rates have exceeded the SMBR. When a cell has sufficient resources and theSMBR is set to a small value, the download service rate may exceed the SMBR.

2.3 BenefitsAfter the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature is enabled, the rate of download servicesis restricted during busy hours to spare air interface resources for high-priority services andimprove user experience with high-priority services.Enabling the Video Service Rate Adaption feature reduces the video buffering time, guaranteesthe video service rate, and reduces the number of video freezes.

2.4 ArchitectureFigure 2-1 shows the network architecture for the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control and VideoService Rate Adaption features, with a service awareness device integrated into the S-GW/PGW.Figure 2-1 Network architecture with a service awareness device integrated into the S-GW/PGW

Figure 2-2 shows the network architecture for the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control and VideoService Rate Adaption features, with a third-party service awareness device deployed.Figure 2-2 Network architecture with a third-party service awareness device deployed

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3.1 IntroductionOperators' networks provide diversified services. These services have different experiencerequirements. Besides, operators are transforming from pipeline operations to experienceoriented operations. DSCP-based service differentiation is fundamental to experience-orientedoperations, and Video Service Rate Adaption and Busy-Hour Download Rate Control featuresare specific implementation of service differentiation.

3.2 Principles3.2.1 Service Type Identification and DSCP SettingOperators integrate a service awareness device into the S-GW/P-GW or deploy a third-partyservice awareness device for service type identification. After identifying service types, theservice awareness device sets the DSCPs in service packets to different values based on theidentification results. DSCPs are in the IP headers of service packets, as shown in Figure 3-1.

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Figure 3-1 DSCP position

NOTE

After the Video Service Rate Adaption and Busy-Hour Download Rate Control features are enabled:l Operators need to configure DSCPs for services on the eNodeB. The configured DSCP values andcorresponding service types must be the same as those configured on the service awareness device.For example, if the service awareness device identifies a video service and sets the DSCP to 40, theDSCP value 40 must be configured for video services on the eNodeB.l If DSCPs are not configured for services on the eNodeB or the DSCP configuration on the eNodeB isdifferent from the DSCP configuration on the service awareness device, the eNodeB cannot map theDSCPs in received service packets onto priority queues and the packets are put into priority queue 0by default.If the DSCP value of service packets is 0, the eNodeB cannot map the DSCPs in received servicepackets onto priority queues and the packets are put into priority queue 0 by default.l In RAN sharing scenarios, it is required that operators configure the same or totally different DSCPson their separate service awareness devices. For example, if operator A configures the DSCP value 40for video services and the DSCP value 10 for download services, operator B is allowed to configurethe DSCP value 42 for video services and the DCSP value 12 for download services. If operator Aconfigures the DSCP value 40 for video services, operator B is not allowed to configure the DSCPvalue 40 for download services.

3.2.2 Differentiated Scheduling

The Busy-Hour Download Rate Control and Video Service Rate Adaption features areimplemented based on differentiated scheduling on the eNodeB. The options of theCELLALGOSWITCH.ServiceDiffSwitch parameter must be selected to enable the features.Differentiated scheduling consists of PDCP-based differentiated queue scheduling and MediaAccess Control (MAC) scheduling. (PDCP is short for Packet Data Convergence Protocol.)PDCP-based differentiated queue scheduling implements scheduling of multiple services withinIssue 02 (2015-04-30)

PDCP-based differentiated queue scheduling involves eight queues, for which weights can beset by specifying the values of the SERVICEDIFFSETTING.QueueWeight0 toSERVICEDIFFSETTING.QueueWeight7 parameters. In PDCP-based differentiated queuescheduling, the eNodeB dynamically calculates the overall service weight based on the queueweight and queue rate. The overall service weight has an impact on the MAC scheduling weight.The scheduling priority factors (indicated by STANDARDQCI.DlschPriorityFactor) carriedby each non-GBR service are different. Therefore, the priorities for different services arecalculated by the following formula: STANDARDQCI.DlschPriorityFactor x Overall serviceweight. In practical use, operators may use different non-GBR bearers to implement the QoSfor gold, silver, and bronze subscribers. The product of the overall service weight and schedulingpriority factors must be considered during service planning to check whether the product meetsthe QoS requirements of operators on subscribers.NOTE

3.2.3 Video Service Rate Adaption

When the network is congested, the video service rate for some UEs with good radio signalquality is lower than the SGBR and the video buffering time is long or video freezes occur. Inthis case, the Video Service Rate Adaption feature ensures that the video service rateapproximates the SGBR if the purchased video traffic volume is sufficient, thereby improvinguser experience.When the network load is light and UEs playing videos receive good-quality radio signals, thevideo service rates for these UEs reach or exceed the SGBR. In this situation, the eNodeB doesnot decrease the bearer weights to limit the video service rates to the SGBR.When the VideoRateAdaptSwitch(VideoRateAdaptSwitch) option of theCELLALGOSWITCH.ServiceDiffSwitch parameter is selected, the Video Service RateAdaption feature is enabled.The video service rate is ensured by means of initial acceleration in the first phase and normalrate guarantee in the second phase. When the IPSERVICEQOS.QosPolicyTimeSwitchIssue 02 (2015-04-30)

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parameter is set to ON(ON), phase-based service rate guarantee is enabled. The followingdescribes initial acceleration and normal-rate guarantee.

Initial AccelerationWhen a video is opened, the initial service rate is low and it takes some time before the videoplayback starts. To accelerate the initial video download rate and reduce the video bufferingtime, the eNodeB increases the scheduling weight for video services so that the video downloadrate soon reaches the target rate (SGBR 1) in the first phase shown in Figure 3-3. When a videostream initially starts, the eNodeB uses the first-phase QoS policy specified by theIPSERVICEQOS.FirQosPolicyId parameter and accelerates the service rate for a durationspecified by the IPSERVICEQOS.FirQosPolicyTimeLength parameter. TheIPSERVICEQOS.FirQosPolicyTimeLength parameter can be adjusted based on theacceleration effect, and you are advised to set this parameter to 8s. If the initial video downloadtakes a long time, increase the value of the IPSERVICEQOS.FirQosPolicyTimeLength orQOSPOLICY.DlSgbr parameter for initial acceleration. It is recommended that theQOSPOLICY.DlSgbr parameter be set to a value two times of the video bitrate for initialacceleration.You are advised not to set the IPSERVICEQOS.FirQosPolicyTimeLength parameter to anexcessively large value to prevent waste of radio resources. Similarly, you are advised not to setthe SGBR to an excessively large value for the normal-rate guarantee phase to prevent waste ofradio resources.

Normal-Rate GuaranteeAfter initial acceleration, the eNodeB uses the second-phase QoS policy specified by theIPSERVICEQOS.SecQosPolicyId parameter to ensure the service rate. When the service rateis less than SGBR 2 shown in Figure 3-3, the eNodeB increases the scheduling weight for thebearer carrying the video service. When the service rate reaches or exceeds SGBR 2, the eNodeBdecreases the scheduling weight to prevent excessive bandwidth usage. If the resources aresufficient, the eNodeB ensures that the service rate is not less than SGBR 2. Admission controlis not performed based on SGBR 2, which is not absolutely guaranteed.It is recommended that the QOSPOLICY.DlSgbr parameter be set to a value 1.1 to 1.2 timesof the video bitrate for normal-rate guarantee.NOTE

Different types of video services have different requirements for resolution and code formats and thereforerequires different video bitrates. If the service awareness device can differentiate video bitrates, it isrecommended that the service awareness device set different DSCPs for video services of different bitratesso that different SGBRs can be configured for video services of different bitrates. If the service awarenessdevice cannot differentiate video bitrates, it is recommended that DlSgbr be set based on the large videobitrates used by OTT video websites.

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Figure 3-3 Video playback acceleration

3.2.4 Busy-Hour Download Rate Control

When the DownLoadRateLimitSwitch(DownLoadRateLimitSwitch) option of theCELLALGOSWITCH.ServiceDiffSwitch parameter is selected, the Busy-Hour DownloadRate Control feature is enabled.SMBR-based rate control is implemented for low-value services such as P2P download, FTPdownload, and HTTP download. When the download service rate exceeds the download servicerate control threshold specified by the QOSPOLICY.DlSmbr parameter, the eNodeB reducesthe number of packets in the download service queue or decreases the download service queueweight to decrease the download service rate until the download is complete. When the downloadservice rate of a UE has not reached the value of the QOSPOLICY.DlSmbr parameter, theeNodeB does not decrease the download service rate of the UE. It is recommended that theQOSPOLICY.DlSmbr parameter be set to the average download service rate achieved beforethe Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature is enabled. The parameter value can be adjustedbased on the network plan.This configured SMBR is only a threshold for rate control and the download service rate is notstrictly kept below the SMBR. When resources are sufficient, good user experience withdownload services can be ensured. During busy hours or when a large number of high-priorityusers are using services, the SMBR-based rate control can reduce the amount of resourcesoccupied by download services and thereby improve user experience with high-priority services.If the SMBR is greater than the download service rate achieved before the Busy-Hour DownloadRate Control feature is enabled, the eNodeB does not decrease the scheduling weight fordownload services.

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Figure 3-4 Download service rate control (1)

In Figure 3-4, the SMBR is set to a value close to or slightly below the maximum of the busyhour average download service rates achieved before the Busy-Hour Download Rate Controlfeature is enabled. Before the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature is enabled, thedownload service rate fluctuates around the SMBR, as indicated by line 1. After the Busy-HourDownload Rate Control feature is enabled, the eNodeB decreases the scheduling weight for thedownload service when the download service rate exceeds the SMBR. As a result, the downloadservice rate also decreases, as indicated by line 2.Figure 3-5 Download service rate control (2)

In Figure 3-5, the SMBR is set to an excessively small value, for example, a value less than30% of the maximum of the busy-hour average download service rates achieved before the BusyHour Download Rate Control feature is enabled. Before the Busy-Hour Download Rate Controlfeature is enabled, the download service rate is about two times the SMBR, as indicated by line3. After the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature is enabled, the download service ratedecreases when the download service rate exceeds the SMBR but is still greater than the SMBR,as indicated by line 4.

3.2.5 DSCP and QoS Policy Configurations

QoS service information is configured for DSCPs on the eNodeB to implement DSCP-basedservice differentiation.Issue 02 (2015-04-30)

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QoS service information includes QoS policies and the mappings between DSCPs and QoSpolicies. A QoS policy, which is set by configuring a QosPolicy MO, defines a priority queue(PriQueueId) and the guaranteed maximum bit rate (DlSgbr and DlSmbr) for a type of service.The mappings between DSCPs and QoS policies are set by configuring IpServiceQos MOs.Table 3-1 QoS policy configuration table (QosPolicy MO)QoS PolicyIdentity

The QosPolicyTimeSwitch parameter takes effect only for video services. When theQosPolicyTimeSwitch parameter is set to ON(ON), a two-phase rate guarantee is implemented.When the TrafficType parameter is set to DOWNLOAD(DOWNLOAD) or OTHER(OTHER), theQosPolicyTimeSwitch parameter is set to OFF(OFF). In this situation, the FirQosPolicyId parameter isvalid and the FirQosPolicyTimeLength and SecQosPolicyId parameters are invalid.

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5.1 LOFD-081202 Busy-Hour Download Rate Control

System CapacityThis feature decreases the scheduling weight for download services and therefore decreases thedownload service rate. As a result, the rate of high-priority services increases.The change in cell capacity is related to the radio environment of the UEs using downloadservices and the proportion of the download traffic in the cell. If the UEs using download servicesare located in areas with good signal quality, the cell capacity decreases. If the UEs usingdownload services are located in areas with poor signal quality, the cell capacity increases. Whenthe SMBR is set to a small value, the download service rate decreases obviously, resulting in abig change in the cell capacity.For example, cell congestion is simulated for a cell for which the SMBR is set to 500 kbit/s.There are three UEs (UE A, UE B, and UE C) in the cell. UE A is located at the cell center, UEB is located at the cell edge, and UE C is located halfway between the cell center and cell edge.Assume that UE A is using download services, UE B is using video services, and UE C is usingother services. Before the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature is enabled, the cellthroughput is 2.2 Mbit/s. After the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature is enabled, thecell throughput is 1.8 Mbit/s, with a 14% decrease in cell capacity. Assume that UE A is usingvideo services, UE B is using download services, and UE C is using other services. The cellcapacity does not change after the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature is enabled. Thereason for the unchanged cell capacity is that the download services are started later, thedownload service rate is less than the SMBR, and therefore the scheduling weight is notdecreased for the download services.

Network PerformanceThis feature decreases the scheduling weight for download services and therefore decreases thedownload service rate. If a download peak rate is set, you are advised not to enable this featureduring download service performance evaluation.

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5.2 LOFD-081203 Video Service Rate Adaption

System CapacityThis feature increases the scheduling weight for video services and therefore ensures the videoservice rate. As a result, the rate of low-priority services decreases. The change in cell capacityis related to the radio environment of the UEs using video services and the proportion of thevideo traffic in the cell.If the UEs using video services are located in areas with good signal quality, the cell capacityincreases. If the UEs using video services are located in areas with poor signal quality, the cellcapacity decreases. When the SGBR is set to a large value, the video service rate increasesobviously, resulting in a big change in the cell capacity.For example, cell congestion is simulated for a cell for which the SGBR is set to 2 Mbit/s. Thereare three UEs (UE A, UE B, and UE C) in the cell. UE A is located at the cell center, UE B islocated at the cell edge, and UE C is located halfway between the cell center and cell edge.Assume that UE A is using download services, UE B is using video services, and UE C is usingother services. Before the Video Service Rate Adaption feature is enabled, the cell throughputis 2.2 Mbit/s. After the Video Service Rate Adaption feature is enabled, the cell throughput is1.5 Mbit/s, with a 32% decrease in cell capacity. Assume that UE A is using video services, UEB is using download services, and UE C is using other services. The cell capacity increases by10% after the Video Service Rate Adaption feature is enabled.

Network PerformanceThis feature increases the scheduling weight for video services, ensuring that the video servicerate approximates the SGBR. When the amount of downlink services required by various typesof services in a cell is greater than the available amount of downlink resources in the cell, thisfeature decreases the rates of other non-GBR services and increases the average GBR servicedelay without affecting the GBR. When the amount of downlink services required by varioustypes of services in a cell is less than the available amount of downlink resources in the cell, thisfeature does not affect other types of services.Enabling the Video Service Rate Adaption feature reduces the video buffering time, guaranteesthe video service rate, and reduces the number of video freezes.For example, cell congestion is simulated for a cell for which the first-phase SGBR is set to 2.5Mbit/s. In the cell, there are three UEs separately performing FTP download, P2P download,and video services. After the Video Service Rate Adaption feature is enabled, the initial videodownload delay decreases by 35%.

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6.1 LOFD-081202 Busy-Hour Download Rate Control

6.1.1 When to Use Busy-Hour Download Rate ControlThe Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature decreases the traffic volume proportion ofdownload services in a cell and improves user experience with high-priority services. If thetraffic volume of download services in a cell accounts for 20% of the total traffic volume in thecell regardless of whether this occurs during busy hours or off-peak hours, you are advised toenable the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature. After this feature is enabled, the eNodeBdecreases the download service rate when the download service rate exceeds the SMBR. If thecell is heavily loaded, the download service rate decreases considerably. If the cell is lightlyloaded, the download service rate decreases slightly. It is recommended that the SMBR be setto the average download service rate achieved before this feature is enabled.The SMBR value depends on operators' policies in controlling download services. The cellaverage rate during busy hours can be used as a reference for SMBR. It is recommended thatthe smaller value between operators' expected rate limit and cell average rate during busy hoursbe used as the SMBR value.

6.1.2 Required Information

This feature relies on a service awareness device deployed in the EPC or a third-party serviceawareness device to identify service types. Before using this feature, verify that the serviceawareness device can identify major services (for example, download services) on the operator'snetwork and encrypted services such as HTTPS. If the service awareness device cannot identifythe major services or encrypted services, you are advised not to use this feature.Before using this feature, obtain the service distribution statistics collected by the serviceawareness device and the traffic volume proportion of download services. For example, aHuawei service awareness device deployed in the EPC can use EPSN seven-layer parsingperformance counters to collect the statistics.(Optional) Collect service key quality indicator (KQI) information.If the operator's EPC is capable of KQI evaluation or an independent KQI evaluation device isdeployed, use the related EPC device or the KQI evaluation device to obtain downloading KQIs,Issue 02 (2015-04-30)

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QoS Policy Identity

QOSPOLICY.QosPolicyId

Networkplanning

This parameter specifies

the ID of a user-definedQoS policy. The QoS IDfor each type of servicemust be unique. Forconvenience, you areadvised to set thisparameter to a DSCPvalue. For example, theDSCP for downloadservices is 10, and youcan set FirQosPolicyIdto 10.

Traffic Type

QOSPOLICY.TrafficType

Networkplanning

Set this parameter to

DOWNLOAD.

Priority Queue Identity

QOSPOLICY.PriQueueId

Networkplanning

It is recommended thatthis parameter be set toQUEUE1(QUEUE1) orQUEUE2(QUEUE2).Queue 0 is the defaultqueue. Packets whoseDSCPs do not match anyqueue or are notidentified enter queue 0.Therefore, you areadvised not to set thisparameter to QUEUE0(QUEUE0) fordownload services.

Downlink ServiceMaximum Bit Rate

QOSPOLICY.DlSmbr

Networkplanning

This parameter specifies

the maximum bit rate ofdownlink services.

Differentiated ServicesCode Point

IpServiceQos.Dscp

Negotiated with thepeer end

Set this parameter to the

same value as the DSCPconfigured on the serviceawareness device.

6.1.3.3 PrecautionsNone

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6.1.3.4 ActivationUsing the CME to Perform Batch Configuration for Newly Deployed eNodeBsEnter the values of the parameters listed in Table 6-1 in a summary data file, which also containsother data for the new eNodeBs to be deployed. Then, import the summary data file into theConfiguration Management Express (CME) for batch configuration.For detailed instructions, see "Creating eNodeBs in Batches" in the initial configuration guidefor the eNodeB, which is available in the eNodeB product documentation.The summary data file may be a scenario-specific file provided by the CME or a customizedfile, depending on the following conditions:l

The managed objects (MOs) in Table 6-1 are contained in a scenario-specific summarydata file. In this situation, set the parameters in the MOs, and then verify and save the file.

Some MOs in Table 6-1 are not contained in a scenario-specific summary data file. In thissituation, customize a summary data file to include the MOs before you can set theparameters.

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Using the CME to Perform Batch Activation for Existing eNodeBs

This feature can be batch activated using the CME. For detailed operations, see the followingsection in the CME product documentation or online help: Managing the CME > CMEGuidelines > Enhanced Feature Management > Feature Operation and Maintenance.

Using the CME to Perform Single Configuration

On the CME, set the parameters listed in the "Data Preparation" section for a single eNodeB.The procedure is as follows:Step 1 In the planned data area, click Base Station in the upper left corner of the configuration window.Step 2 In area 1 shown in Figure 6-1, select the eNodeB to which the MOs belong.

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Figure 6-1 MO search and configuration window

Step 3 On the Search tab page in area 2, enter an MO name, for example, CELL.Step 4 In area 3, double-click the MO in the Object Name column. All parameters in this MO aredisplayed in area 4.Step 5 Set the parameters in area 4 or 5.Step 6 Choose CME > Planned Area > Export Incremental Scripts (U2000 client mode), or chooseArea Management > Planned Area > Export Incremental Scripts (CME client mode), toexport and activate the incremental scripts.----End

Using MML Commands

1.

Turn on the switch for the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature.Run the MOD CELLALGOSWITCH command with the DownLoadRateLimitSwitch(DownLoadRateLimitSwitch) option under the ServiceDiffSwitch parameter selected.

2.

Configure a QoS policy for download services.

Run the ADD QOSPOLICY command to configure a QoS policy for download services.

3.

Configure a mapping between the DSCP and the QoS policy.

Run the ADD IPSERVICEQOS command to configure a mapping between the DSCP andthe QoS policy.

MML Command Examples

//Turning on the switch for the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control featureMOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=0,ServiceDiffSwitch=VideoRateAdaptSwitch-0&DownLoadRateLimitSwitch-1;//Configuring a QoS policy for download services (Queue 1 is used as an example.)ADD QOSPOLICY: QosPolicyId=10, TrafficType=DOWNLOAD, PriQueueId=QUEUE1,DlSmbr=2000;

MML Command Examples

//Turning off the switch for the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control featureMOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=0,ServiceDiffSwitch=VideoRateAdaptSwitch-0&DownLoadRateLimitSwitch-0;

Using the CME to Perform Batch Configuration

Batch reconfiguration using the CME is the recommended method to deactivate a feature oneNodeBs. This method reconfigures all data, except neighbor relationships, for multipleeNodeBs in a single procedure. The procedure for feature deactivation is similar to that forfeature activation described in Table 6-2. In the procedure, modify parameters according to thefollowing table.Table 6-2 Parameters for the Busy-Hour Download Rate Control feature

The FirQosPolicyIdparameter in theIpServiceQos MOmust be set to the IDof a QoS policyconfigured in theQosPolicy MO.

Using the CME to Perform Single Configuration

On the CME, set parameters according to Table 6-2. For detailed instructions, see 6.1.3.4Activation described for feature activation.

6.1.4 Performance Monitoring

After this feature is enabled, check the values of the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.1 andL.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.1 counters.1.

Before this feature is enabled, the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.1 and L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.1

counters do not have valid values. When this feature is enabled, you are advised to set allqueue weights to the same value and all service types to OTHER. For detailed operations,see follow-up procedures.

2.

Record the values of the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.1 and L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.1 counters at the

end of a measurement period, and divide the value of the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.1 counterby the value of the L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.1 counter to obtain the throughput.

3.

Set all queue weights to the default values or planned values, and set the service type toDOWNLOAD for download services.

4.

Record the values of the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.1 and L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.1 counters again

at the end of a measurement period, and divide the value of the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.1counter by the value of the L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.1 counter to obtain the throughput.

5.

Compare the recorded two values of the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.1 counter and the twothroughput values to check whether the traffic volume and throughput have decreased.

The operation procedures are as follows:

1.

Configure the download function switch.

MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=xx,ServiceDiffSwitch=VideoRateAdaptSwitch-0&DownLoadRateLimitSwitch1;2. Configure a QoS policy for download services, with the traffic type set to OTHER andPriority Queue Identity set to QUEUE1.ADD QOSPOLICY: QosPolicyId=4,TrafficType=OTHER,PriQueueId=QUEUE1;3. Configure a mapping between the DSCP and the QoS policy for download services.Issue 02 (2015-04-30)

FirQosPolicyId=4;4. Set all queue weights to the same value.MOD SERVICEDIFFSETTING: QueueWeight0=5, QueueWeight1=5, QueueWeight2=5,QueueWeight3=5, QueueWeight4=5, QueueWeight5=5, QueueWeight6=5, QueueWeight7=5;5. Obtain the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.1 and L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.1 counters before the downloadfunction switch is turned on. It is recommended that the busy-hour counters of at least one daybe obtained.After step 5 is performed, the baseline parameters before the feature takes effect are collected.The follow-up procedures are performed to collect parameters after the feature takes effect.6. Set download service parameters, with QoS policy for download service parameters set.ADD QOSPOLICY:QosPolicyId=5,TrafficType=DOWNLOAD,PriQueueId=QUEUE1,DlSmbr=1000;7. Configure a mapping between the DSCP and the QoS policy for download services.MOD IPSERVICEQOS:Dscp=11, Description="P2P Service", QosPolicyTimeSwitch=OFF,FirQosPolicyId=5;8. Restore the priority queue weight configurations to the default values.MOD SERVICEDIFFSETTING: QueueWeight0=10, QueueWeight1=5, QueueWeight2=5,QueueWeight3=10, QueueWeight4=10, QueueWeight5=20, QueueWeight6=20,QueueWeight7=20;9. Obtain the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.1 and L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.1 counters after the downloadfunction switch is turned on. It is recommended that the busy-hour counters of at least one daybe obtained.10. Observe the gains before and after the feature takes effect. It is recommended that theL.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.1 counter be used for download services.

6.1.5 Parameter Optimization

Adjusting the SMBR for Download ServicesTo adjust the SMBR for download services, run the following command:MOD QOSPOLICY: QosPolicyId=10, DlSmbr=1000;

Adjusting the Queue Weight for Download Services

The queue weight for download services can be adjusted to increase or decrease the schedulingpriority of download services. Before you adjust the weight, you are advised to run the LSTSERVICEDIFFSETTING command to query the current queue weights to ensure that the sumof the weights does not exceed 100 after the adjustment. To adjust the queue weight for downloadservices, run the following command:MOD SERVICEDIFFSETTING: QueueWeight1=10;

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6.2 LOFD-081203 Video Service Rate Adaption

6.2.1 When to Use Video Service Rate AdaptionThe gain provided by this feature varies with the cell load and the proportion of video services.Use Video Service Rate Adaption in the following scenarios:l

The video traffic volume in a cell accounts for 40% or less of the total traffic volume in thecell and the video service rates for some UEs are less than the SGBR.

During busy hours, the average single-UE throughput is less than 1.5 Mbit/s in a cell andthe cell load is high, for example, the physical resource block (PRB) usage is greater than60%.

When video services are enabled and the video services to be guaranteed accounts for highproportion (such as 20%), it is recommended that service identification be performed ondelay-sensitive services such as web services and higher priorities are used to guaranteedelay-sensitive services.

It is recommended that the QosPolicy.DlSgbr parameter be set to a value two times of thevideo bitrate for initial acceleration. You are advised not to set the SGBR for video servicesto an excessively large value to prevent waste of radio resources.

It is recommended that the QosPolicy.DlSgbr parameter be set to a value 1.1 to 1.2 timesof the video bitrate for normal rate guarantee. You are advised not to set the SGBR forvideo services to an excessively large value to prevent waste of radio resources.

The initial acceleration time can be configured according to site requirements. It is

recommended that this parameter be set to 8s. You are advised not to set this parameter toan excessively large value to prevent waste of radio resources.

6.2.2 Required Information

This feature relies on a service awareness device deployed in the EPC or a third-party serviceawareness device to identify service types. Before using this feature, verify that the serviceawareness device can identify major services (for example, video services) on the operator'snetwork and encrypted services such as HTTPS. If the service awareness device cannot identifythe major services or encrypted services, you are advised not to use this feature.Before using this feature, obtain the service distribution statistics collected by the serviceawareness device and the traffic volume proportion of video services. For example, a Huaweiservice awareness device deployed in the EPC can use EPSN seven-layer parsing performancecounters to collect the statistics.You need to obtain the video bitrates that require adjustment from OTT video websites or theservice awareness device and set the DlSgbr parameter for this feature based on the obtainedvideo bitrates. If video services with different resolution are performed on a network, it isrecommended that the video bitrate with the highest proportion acts as the reference for SGBR.The following table lists common video bitrate, which is for reference only.Issue 02 (2015-04-30)

It is recommended that average busy-hour single-user throughput in a cell be used if the bitrateof video on a network is unavailable.(Optional) Collect service key quality indicator (KQI) information.If the operator's EPC is capable of KQI evaluation or an independent KQI evaluation device isdeployed, use the related EPC device or the KQI evaluation device to obtain video KQIs, suchas video stream initial buffering time and decrease in the video freezes in a cell, and use thevideo KQIs to determine whether to use this feature and to evaluate the feature gain.If the operator's network is not capable of KQI evaluation, drive test is used. By doing this, videoservices are performed on UEs, the video play situation is observed to record the following items:interval between video start to video image display, video stall times. Measures such as screenrecording and videotaping can be used to facilitate statistics and analysis.

6.2.3 Deployment6.2.3.1 RequirementsLicenseThe operator must purchase and activate the license for the feature listed in the following table.Feature ID

FeatureName

Model

LicenseControl Item

NE

Sales Unit

LOFD-081203

Video ServiceRate Adaption

LT1S00VSRA00

Video ServiceRate Adaption

eNodeB

per cell

Other RequirementsThis feature requires a service awareness device deployed in the EPC or a third-party serviceawareness device.Issue 02 (2015-04-30)

User-defined: parameter values set by users

The following table describes the key parameters that must be set for Video Service RateAdaption.

Issue 02 (2015-04-30)

Parameter Name

Parameter ID

DataSource

Setting Notes

Service DifferentiatedSwitch

CELLALGOSWITCH.ServiceDiffSwitch

Networkplanning

The VideoRateAdaptSwitch(VideoRateAdaptSwitch) option

must be selected toenable the Video ServiceRate Adaption feature.

QoS Policy Identity

QOSPOLICY.QosPolicyId

Networkplanning

This parameter specifies

the ID of a user-definedQoS policy. The QoS IDfor each type of servicemust be unique. Forconvenience, you areadvised to set thisparameter to the DSCPor DSCP plus 64. Forexample, the DSCP forvideo services is 40, andyou can setFirQosPolicyId to 40and SecQosPolicyId to104.

Traffic Type

QOSPOLICY.TrafficType

Networkplanning

Set this parameter to

VIDEO(VIDEO).

Priority Queue Identity

QOSPOLICY.PriQueueId

Networkplanning

It is recommended thatthis parameter be set toQUEUE6(QUEUE6).You can also set thisparameter to QUEUE5(QUEUE5) orQUEUE7(QUEUE7).

Set this parameter to the

same value as the DSCPconfigured on the serviceawareness device.

6.2.3.3 PrecautionsNone

6.2.3.4 ActivationUsing the CME to Perform Batch Configuration for Newly Deployed eNodeBsEnter the values of the parameters listed in Table 6-3 in a summary data file, which also containsother data for the new eNodeBs to be deployed. Then, import the summary data file into theConfiguration Management Express (CME) for batch configuration.For detailed instructions, see "Creating eNodeBs in Batches" in the initial configuration guidefor the eNodeB, which is available in the eNodeB product documentation.The summary data file may be a scenario-specific file provided by the CME or a customizedfile, depending on the following conditions:l

The managed objects (MOs) in Table 6-3 are contained in a scenario-specific summarydata file. In this situation, set the parameters in the MOs, and then verify and save the file.

Some MOs in Table 6-3 are not contained in a scenario-specific summary data file. In thissituation, customize a summary data file to include the MOs before you can set theparameters.

The FirQosPolicyIdand SecQosPolicyIdparameters in theIpServiceQos MOmust be set to the IDsof QoS policiesconfigured in theQosPolicy MO.

Using the CME to Perform Batch Activation for Existing eNodeBs

This feature can be batch activated using the CME. For detailed operations, see the followingsection in the CME product documentation or online help: Managing the CME > CMEGuidelines > Enhanced Feature Management > Feature Operation and Maintenance.

Using the CME to Perform Single Configuration

On the CME, set the parameters listed in the "Data Preparation" section for a single eNodeB.The procedure is as follows:Step 1 In the planned data area, click Base Station in the upper left corner of the configuration window.Step 2 In area 1 shown in Figure 6-2, select the eNodeB to which the MOs belong.Figure 6-2 MO search and configuration window

Step 3 On the Search tab page in area 2, enter an MO name, for example, CELL.Step 4 In area 3, double-click the MO in the Object Name column. All parameters in this MO aredisplayed in area 4.Step 5 Set the parameters in area 4 or 5.Step 6 Choose CME > Planned Area > Export Incremental Scripts (U2000 client mode), or chooseArea Management > Planned Area > Export Incremental Scripts (CME client mode), toexport and activate the incremental scripts.----End

Using MML Commands

1.Issue 02 (2015-04-30)

//Turning on the switch for the Video Service Rate Adaption featureHuawei Proprietary and ConfidentialCopyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Run the MOD CELLALGOSWITCH command with the VideoRateAdaptSwitch

Configure a QoS policy for video services.

Run the ADD QOSPOLICY command to configure a QoS policy for video services.

3.

Configure a mapping between the DSCP and the QoS policy.

Run the ADD IPSERVICEQOS command to configure a mapping between the DSCP andthe QoS policy.

MML Command Examples

//Turning on the switch for the Video Service Rate Adaption featureMOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=0,ServiceDiffSwitch=VideoRateAdaptSwitch-1&DownLoadRateLimitSwitch-0;//Configuring two QoS policies for video services with one QoS policy used ininitial acceleration and the other QoS policy used in normal-rate guarantee (Queue6 is used as an example.)ADD QOSPOLICY: QosPolicyId=40, TrafficType=VIDEO, PriQueueId=QUEUE6, DlSgbr=4800;ADD QOSPOLICY: QosPolicyId=104, TrafficType=VIDEO, PriQueueId=QUEUE6,DlSgbr=1200;//Configuring a mapping between the DSCP and the QoS policies for video servicesADD IPSERVICEQOS: Dscp=40, Description="Video Service", QosPolicyTimeSwitch=ON,FirQosPolicyId=40, FirQosPolicyTimeLength=12, SecQosPolicyId=104;

6.2.3.5 Activation Observation

Check the values of the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.6 and L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.6 counters. If the valuesof the two counters are not 0, the Video Service Rate Adaption feature has been activated.

MML Command Examples

//Turning off the switch for the Video Service Rate Adaption featureMOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=0,ServiceDiffSwitch=VideoRateAdaptSwitch-0&DownLoadRateLimitSwitch-0;

Using the CME to Perform Batch Configuration

Batch reconfiguration using the CME is the recommended method to deactivate a feature oneNodeBs. This method reconfigures all data, except neighbor relationships, for multipleeNodeBs in a single procedure. The procedure for feature deactivation is similar to that forfeature activation described in Table 6-4. In the procedure, modify parameters according to thefollowing table.

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Set all queue weights to the default values or planned values, and set the service type toVIDEO for video services.

4.

Record the values of the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.6 and L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.6 counters again

at the end of a measurement period, and divide the value of the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.6counter by the value of the L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.6 counter to obtain the throughput.

5.

Compare the recorded two values of the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.6 counter and the twothroughput values to check whether the traffic volume and throughput have increased.

6.

If Huawei EPC devices are used, you can evaluate the feature gain by checking whetherthe KQIs indicating the video stream initial buffering time and the number of video freezeshave decreased.

The operation procedures are as follows:

1.

Turn on the switch for the Video Service Rate Adaption feature.

MOD CELLALGOSWITCH:LocalCellId=xx,ServiceDiffSwitch=VideoRateAdaptSwitch-1&DownLoadRateLimitSwitch0;2. Configure a QoS policy for video services, with the traffic type set to OTHER and PriorityQueue Identity set to QUEUE6.ADD QOSPOLICY: QosPolicyId=1,TrafficType=OTHER,PriQueueId=QUEUE6;3. Configure a mapping between the DSCP and the QoS policy for video services.ADD IPSERVICEQOS:Dscp=52, Description=" Video Service", QosPolicyTimeSwitch=OFF,FirQosPolicyId=1;4. Set all queue weights to the same value.MOD SERVICEDIFFSETTING: QueueWeight0=5, QueueWeight1=5, QueueWeight2=5,QueueWeight3=5, QueueWeight4=5, QueueWeight5=5, QueueWeight6=5, QueueWeight7=5;5. Obtain the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.6 and L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.6 counters before the videofunction switch is turned on. It is recommended that the busy-hour counters of at least one dayare obtained.After step 5 is performed, the baseline parameters before the feature takes effect are collected.The follow-up procedures are performed to collect parameters after the feature takes effect.6. Configure the video speed adjustment parameters and two policies for video services withone policy used in initial acceleration and the other policy used in normal-rate guarantee (Queue6 is used as an example.)ADD QOSPOLICY:QosPolicyId=2,TrafficType=VIDEO,PriQueueId=QUEUE6,DlSgbr=4000;ADD QOSPOLICY:QosPolicyId=3,TrafficType=VIDEO,PriQueueId=QUEUE6,DlSgbr=2500;7. Configure a mapping between the DSCP and the QoS policy for video services.MOD IPSERVICEQOS:Dscp=52, Description=" Video Service", QosPolicyTimeSwitch=ON,FirQosPolicyId=2, FirQosPolicyTimeLength=8, SecQosPolicyId=3;8. Restore the priority queue weight configurations to the default values.Issue 02 (2015-04-30)

QueueWeight3=10, QueueWeight4=10, QueueWeight5=20, QueueWeight6=20,QueueWeight7=20;9. Obtain the L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.6 and L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.6 counters after the videofunction switch is turned on. It is recommended that the busy-hour counters of at least one dayare obtained.10. Observe the gains before and after the feature takes effect. It is recommended that thethroughput (indicated by L.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.6) and throughput rate (indicated byL.Thrp.bits.DL.Pri.6/L.Thrp.Time.DL.Pri.6) be used for video services.

6.2.5 Parameter Optimization

Adjusting the SGBR for Video ServicesIf initial acceleration effect is not satisfactory or the video bitrate changes, adjusts the SGBR forvideo services. For example, to reduce the initial video download delay, you can increase theSGBR for initial acceleration.MOD QOSPOLICY: QosPolicyId=40, DlSgbr=6000;

Adjusting the Queue Weight for Video Services

In addition to SGBR adjustment, the queue weight for video services can be adjusted to increasethe scheduling priority of video services. Before you adjust the weight, you are advised to runthe LST SERVICEDIFFSETTING command to query the current queue weights to ensurethat the sum of the weights does not exceed 100 after the adjustment. To adjust the queue weightfor video services, run the following command:MOD SERVICEDIFFSETTING: QueueWeight6=30;

Indicates whether to enable the functions related to

service differentiation.VideoRateAdaptSwitch: If this option is deselected,adaptive data rate adjustment for video services isdisabled. If this option is selected, adaptive data rateadjustment for video services is enabled.DownLoadRateLimitSwitch: If this option isdeselected, download data rate control during busyhours is disabled. If this option is selected, downloaddata rate control during busy hours is enabled.GUI Value Range: VideoRateAdaptSwitch(VideoRateAdaptSwitch), DownLoadRateLimitSwitch(DownLoadRateLimitSwitch)Unit: NoneActual Value Range: VideoRateAdaptSwitch,DownLoadRateLimitSwitchDefault Value: VideoRateAdaptSwitch:Off,DownLoadRateLimitSwitch:Off

GUI Value Range: 0~100

GUI Value Range: 0~100

GUI Value Range: 1~1000

Unit: NoneActual Value Range: 0.001~1, step:0.001Default Value: 700

LOFD-081202/LOFD-081203

BusyHourDownload RateControl/VideoServiceRateAdaption

Meaning: Indicates whether to provide rates in two

phases for QoS purposes. This switch is required onlyfor video, not for other services. If this switch is turnedon for video, the eNodeB provides an initial accelerationin the first phase and a normal rate guarantee in thesecond phase. If this switch is turned off, the eNodeBprovides a normal rate guarantee from the start.GUI Value Range: OFF(OFF), ON(ON)Unit: NoneActual Value Range: OFF, ONDefault Value: OFF(OFF)

Meaning: Indicates the QoS in the second phase after

the initial acceleration for video. WhenQosPolicyTimeSwitch is ON and QosPolicyId is set,SecQosPolicy shall be set within the range of 0~127.When QosPolicyTimeSwitch is OFF, SecQosPolicyIdis set to be 255 by default.

MODIPSERVICEQOSLSTIPSERVICEQOSQosPolicy

DlSmbr

ADDQOSPOLICYMODQOSPOLICY

GUI Value Range: 0~127,255

Unit: NoneActual Value Range: 0~127,255Default Value: 255

LOFD-081202/LOFD-081203

LSTQOSPOLICY

BusyHourDownload RateControl/VideoServiceRateAdaption

Meaning: Indicates the maximum bit rate of downlink

services. This parameter must be set to a value greaterthan 0 if the TrafficType parameter value isDOWNLOAD. This parameter does not need to be setand the default value 0 takes effect if the TrafficTypeparameter value is VIDEO or OTHER.GUI Value Range: 0~4294967295Unit: Kbit/sActual Value Range: 0~4294967295Default Value: 0