This gene encodes a protein that consists almost entirely of leucine-rich repeats, a domain implicated in protein-protein interactions. The protein may function as a scaffold linking RAS to downstream signal transducers in the RAS/ERK MAP kinase signaling cascade. Mutations in this gene have been associated with Noonan-like syndrome with loose anagen hair. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in pre-mRNA splicing. Chromosomal translocations (X;1)(p11;q21) that result in fusion of this gene to TFE3 (GeneID 7030) have been associated with papillary renalcell carcinoma. A PRCC-TFE3 fusion protein is expressed in affected carcinomas and is likely associated with altered gene transactivation. This fusion protein has also been associated with disruption of the cell cycle.[provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

This gene encodes a membrane-bound protein from the major facilitator superfamily of transporters. Disruption of this gene by translocation has been associated with haplo-insufficiency and renalcell carcinomas. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, but their biological validity has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a kidney membrane enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutathione and other similar proteins by dipeptide hydrolysis. The encoded protein is known to regulate leukotriene activity by catalyzing the conversion of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4. This protein uses zinc as a cofactor and acts as a disulfide-linked homodimer. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

This gene encodes a protein with a proline-rich domain. This gene is located in a region of chromosome 22 reported to contain a tumor suppressor gene that may be involved in breast and colorectal tumorigenesis. The protein is a component of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), and it regulates platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor beta expression and PDGF signaling to Akt and S6K1. Alternative splicing and the use of alternative promoters results in transcripts encoding different isoforms. Read-through transcripts from this gene into the downstream Rho GTPase activating protein 8 (ARHGAP8) gene also exist, which led to the original description of PRR5 and ARHGAP8 being a single gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

There are at least four distinct but related alkaline phosphatases: intestinal, placental, placental-like, and liver/bone/kidney (tissue non-specific). The first three are located together on chromosome 2, while the tissue non-specific form is located on chromosome 1. The product of this gene is a membrane bound glycosylated enzyme that is not expressed in any particular tissue and is, therefore, referred to as the tissue-nonspecific form of the enzyme. The exact physiological function of the alkaline phosphatases is not known. A proposed function of this form of the enzyme is matrix mineralization; however, mice that lack a functional form of this enzyme show normal skeletal development. This enzyme has been linked directly to hypophosphatasia, a disorder that is characterized by hypercalcemia and includes skeletal defects. The character of this disorder can vary, however, depending on the specific mutation since this determines age of onset and severity of symptoms. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2010]

The protein encoded by this gene is an aquaporin protein, which functions as a water channel in cells. Aquaporins are a family of small integral membrane proteins related to the major intrinsic protein (MIP or AQP0). This protein is specific for the kidney. This gene and related family members AQP0, AQP2, and AQP5 reside in a cluster on chromosome 12q13. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded protein is a multi-pass membrane protein that functions as a calcium permeable cation channel, and is involved in calcium transport and calcium signaling in renal epithelial cells. This protein interacts with polycystin 1, and they may be partners in a common signaling cascade involved in tubular morphogenesis. Mutations in this gene are associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 2. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded glycoprotein contains a large N-terminal extracellular region, multiple transmembrane domains and a cytoplasmic C-tail. It is an integral membrane protein that functions as a regulator of calcium permeable cation channels and intracellular calcium homoeostasis. It is also involved in cell-cell/matrix interactions and may modulate G-protein-coupled signal-transduction pathways. It plays a role in renal tubular development, and mutations in this gene cause autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type 1 (ADPKD1). ADPKD1 is characterized by the growth of fluid-filled cysts that replace normal renal tissue and result in end-stage renal failure. Splice variants encoding different isoforms have been noted for this gene. Also, six pseudogenes, closely linked in a known duplicated region on chromosome 16p, have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family containing 11 transmembrane domains, a receptor for egg jelly (REJ) domain, and a polycystin-1, lipoxygenase, alpha-toxin (PLAT) domain. The encoded protein may play a role in the male reproductive system. Alternative splice variants have been described but their biological nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded protein contains 11 transmembrane domains, a latrophilin/CL-1-like GPCR proteolytic site (GPS) domain, and a polycystin-1, lipoxygenase, alpha-toxin (PLAT) domain. This protein may function as a component of cation channel pores. This gene appears to be a polymorphic pseudogene in humans, where some individuals contain a non-functional allele. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded protein contains 11 transmembrane domains, a latrophilin/CL-1-like GPCR proteolytic site (GPS) domain, and a polycystin-1, lipoxygenase, alpha-toxin (PLAT) domain. This protein may function as a component of cation channel pores.[provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

This gene encodes a member of the cadherin superfamily. Cadherins are membrane glycoproteins that mediate homophilic cell-cell adhesion and play critical roles in cell differentiation and morphogenesis. The encoded protein is a type II cadherin and may play a role in kidney development as well as endometrium and placenta formation. Decreased expression of this gene may be associated with tumor growth and metastasis. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

The protein encoded by this gene is predicted to have a single transmembrane (TM)-spanning domain and multiple copies of an immunoglobulin-like plexin-transcription-factor domain. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. Other alternatively spliced transcripts have been described, but the full length sequences have not been determined. Several of these transcripts are predicted to encode truncated products which lack the TM and may be secreted. Mutations in this gene cause autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, also known as polycystic kidney and hepatic disease-1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the polycystin protein family. The encoded protein contains multiple transmembrane domains, and cytoplasmic N- and C-termini. The protein may be an integral membrane protein involved in cell-cell/matrix interactions. This protein functions as a calcium-regulated nonselective cation channel. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BTG/Tob family. This family has structurally related proteins that appear to have antiproliferative properties. This encoded protein can induce G1 arrest in the cell cycle. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene is a member of an anti-proliferative gene family that regulates cell growth and differentiation. Expression of this gene is highest in the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle and downregulated when cells progressed through G1. The encoded protein interacts with several nuclear receptors, and functions as a coactivator of cell differentiation. This locus has been shown to be involved in a t(8;12)(q24;q22) chromosomal translocation in a case of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a neuron-specific protein. The similar protein in pig enhances neuroblastoma cell differentiation in vitro and may be involved in neuronal differentiation in vivo. Multiple pseudogenes have been reported for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is found in the nucleus and is a cofactor of DNA polymerase delta. The encoded protein acts as a homotrimer and helps increase the processivity of leading strand synthesis during DNA replication. In response to DNA damage, this protein is ubiquitinated and is involved in the RAD6-dependent DNA repair pathway. Two transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. Pseudogenes of this gene have been described on chromosome 4 and on the X chromosome. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin/fibronectin type III repeat family. It is a component of a cell-surface receptor complex that mediates cell-cell interactions between muscle precursor cells, and promotes myogenic differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. This protein is a part of the large multiprotein complex, which is required for ubiquitin-mediated degradation of cell cycle G1 regulators, and for the initiation of DNA replication. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to Cdc 37, a cell division cycle control protein of Sacchromyces cerevisiae. This protein is a molecular chaperone with specific function in cell signal transduction. It has been shown to form complex with Hsp90 and a variety of protein kinases including CDK4, CDK6, SRC, RAF-1, MOK, as well as eIF2 alpha kinases. It is thought to play a critical role in directing Hsp90 to its target kinases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

BCL9 is associated with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It may be a target of translocation in B-cell malignancies with abnormalities of 1q21. Its function is unknown. The overexpression of BCL9 may be of pathogenic significance in B-cell malignancies. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor and contains an N-terminal POZ domain. This protein acts as a sequence-specific repressor of transcription, and has been shown to modulate the transcription of START-dependent IL-4 responses of B cells. This protein can interact with a variety of POZ-containing proteins that function as transcription corepressors. This gene is found to be frequently translocated and hypermutated in diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL), and may be involved in the pathogenesis of DLCL. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2008]

This gene is a proto-oncogene candidate. It is identified by its translocation into the immunoglobulin alpha-locus in some cases of B-cell leukemia. The protein encoded by this gene contains seven ankyrin repeats, which are most closely related to those found in I kappa B proteins. This protein functions as a transcriptional co-activator that activates through its association with NF-kappa B homodimers. The expression of this gene can be induced by NF-kappa B, which forms a part of the autoregulatory loop that controls the nuclear residence of p50 NF-kappa B. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes an integral outer mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks the apoptotic death of some cells such as lymphocytes. Constitutive expression of BCL2, such as in the case of translocation of BCL2 to Ig heavy chain locus, is thought to be the cause of follicular lymphoma. Two transcript variants, produced by alternate splicing, differ in their C-terminal ends. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a histone chaperone that preferentially places the variant histone H3.3 in nucleosomes. Orthologs of this gene in yeast, flies, and plants are necessary for the formation of transcriptionally silent heterochomatin. This gene plays an important role in the formation of the senescence-associated heterochromatin foci. These foci likely mediate the irreversible cell cycle changes that occur in senescent cells. It is considered the primary candidate gene in some haploinsufficiency syndromes such as DiGeorge syndrome, and insufficient production of the gene may disrupt normal embryonic development. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the insulin-like hormone superfamily. The encoded protein is mainly produced in gonadal tissues. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this gene may be involved in the development of urogenital tract and female fertility. This protein may also act as a hormone to regulate growth and differentiation of gubernaculum, and thus mediating intra-abdominal testicular descent. Mutations in this gene may lead to cryptorchidism. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

The myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is detected only in nuclei of cells of the granulocyte-monocyte lineage. A 200-amino acid region of human MNDA is strikingly similar to a region in the proteins encoded by a family of interferon-inducible mouse genes, designated Ifi-201, Ifi-202, and Ifi-203, that are not regulated in a cell- or tissue-specific fashion. The 1.8-kb MNDA mRNA, which contains an interferon-stimulated response element in the 5-prime untranslated region, was significantly upregulated in human monocytes exposed to interferon alpha. MNDA is located within 2,200 kb of FCER1A, APCS, CRP, and SPTA1. In its pattern of expression and/or regulation, MNDA resembles IFI16, suggesting that these genes participate in blood cell-specific responses to interferons. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a protein that was identified as being similar to the Drosophila scribble protein. The mammalian protein is involved in tumor suppression pathways. As a scaffold protein involved in cell polarization processes, this protein binds to many other proteins. The encoded protein binds to papillomavirus E6 protein via its PDZ domain and the C-terminus of E6. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

This gene encodes a member of the Rho GTPase-activator protein superfamily. The encoded protein may function as a Rho GTPase-activating protein. Alterations in this gene may be associated with several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, and multiple sclerosis. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This gene encodes a neuronal cell adhesion molecule with multiple immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains and fibronectin type-III domains. This ankyrin-binding protein is involved in neuron-neuron adhesion and promotes directional signaling during axonal cone growth. This gene is also expressed in non-neural tissues and may play a general role in cell-cell communication via signaling from its intracellular domain to the actin cytoskeleton during directional cell migration. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with autism and addiction vulnerability. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. Several alpha defensin genes appear to be clustered on chromosome 8. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 6, is highly expressed in the secretory granules of Paneth cells of the small intestine, and likely plays a role in host defense of human bowel. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

Defensins are a family of antimicrobial and cytotoxic peptides thought to be involved in host defense. They are abundant in the granules of neutrophils and also found in the epithelia of mucosal surfaces such as those of the intestine, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and vagina. Members of the defensin family are highly similar in protein sequence and distinguished by a conserved cysteine motif. Several of the alpha defensin genes appear to be clustered on chromosome 8. The protein encoded by this gene, defensin, alpha 5, is highly expressed in the secretory granules of Paneth cells of the ileum. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate, the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways. This gene encodes hexokinase 3. Similar to hexokinases 1 and 2, this allosteric enzyme is inhibited by its product glucose-6-phosphate. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2009]

This gene was identified by involvement in some t(X;14) translocations associated with mature T-cell proliferations. This region has a complex gene structure, with a common promoter and 5' exon spliced to two different sets of 3' exons that encode two different proteins. This gene represents the upstream 13 kDa protein that is a member of the TCL1 family. This protein may be involved in leukemogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

This gene was identified as a c-Myc responsive gene, and behaves as a direct c-Myc target gene. Overexpression of this gene is found to enhance the transformation of lymphoblastoid cells, and it complements a transformation-defective Myc Box II mutant, suggesting its involvement in c-Myc-mediated cell transformation. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the E2F family of transcription factors. This protein regulates E2F-dependent transcriptional activation and cell proliferation, mainly through the E2F/retinoblastoma protein pathway. It also functions in the regulation of JUN oncogene expression. This protein shows distinctive nuclear-mitotic apparatus distribution, it is involved in spindle organization from prometaphase, and may also play a role as a midzone factor involved in chromosome segregation or cytokinesis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been noted for this gene. Two pseudogenes have also been identified on chromosome 1. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

This gene encodes a component of the chromosomal passenger complex. This complex is an essential regulator of mitosis and cell division. This protein is cell-cycle regulated and is required for chromatin-induced microtubule stabilization and spindle formation. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudgenes of this gene are found on chromosomes 7, 8 and 16. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013]

The major constituents of mucus, the viscous secretion that covers epithelial surfaces such as those in the trachea, colon, and cervix, are highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. These glycoproteins play important roles in the protection of the epithelial cells and have been implicated in epithelial renewal and differentiation. This gene encodes an integral membrane glycoprotein found on the cell surface, although secreted isoforms may exist. At least two dozen transcript variants of this gene have been found, although for many of them the full-length transcript has not been determined or they are found only in tumor tissues. This gene contains a region in the coding sequence which has a variable number (>100) of 48 nt tandem repeats. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a carcinoma-associated antigen and is a member of a family that includes at least two type I membrane proteins. This antigen is expressed on most normal epithelial cells and gastrointestinal carcinomas and functions as a homotypic calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule. The antigen is being used as a target for immunotherapy treatment of human carcinomas. Mutations in this gene result in congenital tufting enteropathy. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2008]

This gene is thought to regulate cell cycle progression. It is induced by p53 in response to DNA damage, or by sublytic levels of complement system proteins that result in activation of the cell cycle. The encoded protein localizes to the cytoplasm during interphase and to centrosomes during mitosis. The protein forms a complex with polo-like kinase 1. The protein also translocates to the nucleus in response to treatment with complement system proteins, and can associate with and increase the kinase activity of cell division cycle 2 protein. In different assays and cell types, overexpression of this protein has been shown to activate or suppress cell cycle progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Epithelial mucins, such as MUC13, are a family of secreted and cell surface glycoproteins expressed by ductal and glandular epithelial tissues (Williams et al., 2001 [PubMed 11278439]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the CRK-associated substrates family. Members of this family are adhesion docking molecules that mediate protein-protein interactions for signal transduction pathways. This protein is a focal adhesion protein that acts as a scaffold to regulate signaling complexes important in cell attachment, migration and invasion as well as apoptosis and the cell cycle. This protein has also been reported to have a role in cancer metastasis. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2012]

This gene encodes a member of the PARD protein family. PARD family members interact with other PARD family members and other proteins; they affect asymmetrical cell division and direct polarized cell growth. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

Three different forms of human pancreatic procarboxypeptidase A have been isolated. This gene encodes a form which is obtained as a binary complex of a procarboxypeptidase A with proproteinase E and functions as a secretory granule metalloexopeptidase. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2009]

Through alternate splicing, this gene encodes two proteins with similarity to subunits of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) but the encoded proteins seem to have different functions. V-ATPase is a multisubunit enzyme that mediates acidification of eukaryotic intracellular organelles. V-ATPase dependent organelle acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. V-ATPase is comprised of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. Mutations in this gene are associated with infantile malignant osteopetrosis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the GSK-3-binding protein family. The protein inhibits GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin and positively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway. It may function in tumor progression and in lymphomagenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

The protein encoded by this intronless gene belongs to the GSK-3-binding protein family. Studies show that this protein plays a role as a positive regulator of the WNT signaling pathway. It may be upregulated in tumor progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family, which is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. Studies in mice suggested that the expression of this gene may be regulated by MHC class I molecules. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been reported, but their full-length natures have not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This locus shares a high degree of identity with the multi-exon germ cell-less gene on chromosome 2. Despite its single-exon nature, this chromosome 5 locus contains an open reading frame that could putatively encode a full-length germ cell-less related protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxicity and secrete cytokines after immune stimulation. Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including the rodent NKRP1 family of glycoproteins, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. The KLRB1 protein contains an extracellular domain with several motifs characteristic of C-type lectins, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. The KLRB1 protein is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the tretraspanin family. The encoded protein may be involved in mediating intestinal trefoil factor induced wound healing in the intestinal mucosa. Mutations in this gene are associated with neural tube defects. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

The protein encoded by this gene shares a significant similarity with Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc5 gene product, which is a cell cycle regulator important for G2/M transition. This protein has been demonstrated to act as a positive regulator of cell cycle G2/M progression. It was also found to be an essential component of a non-snRNA spliceosome, which contains at least five additional protein factors and is required for the second catalytic step of pre-mRNA splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene represents a haplotype-specific family member that encodes a protein with a short cytoplasmic tail. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

This gene encodes a small secreted protein that is expressed in follicular dendritic cells. This protein specifically binds to activated B cells, and functions as a regulator of antibody responses. It is also thought to contribute to tumor metastases by promoting cancer cell migration and invasion. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

EBF4 belongs to the conserved Olf/EBF family of helix-loop-helix transcription factors, members of which play important roles in neural development and B-cell maturation (Wang et al., 2002 [PubMed 12139918]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the early B-cell factor (EBF) family of DNA binding transcription factors. EBF proteins are involved in B-cell differentiation, bone development and neurogenesis, and may also function as tumor suppressors. The encoded protein inhibits cell survival through the regulation of genes involved in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and aberrant methylation or deletion of this gene may play a role in multiple malignancies including glioblastoma multiforme and gastric carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the COE (Collier/Olf/EBF) family of non-basic, helix-loop-helix transcription factors that have a well conserved DNA binding domain. The COE family proteins play an important role in variety of developmental processes. Studies in mouse suggest that this gene may be involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

This gene encodes a member of the PVR (poliovirus receptor) family of immunoglobin proteins. The product of this gene is expressed on several classes of T cells including follicular B helper T cells (TFH). The protein has been shown to bind PVR with high affinity; this binding is thought to assist interactions between TFH and dendritic cells to regulate T cell dependent B cell responses.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene is one of the "framework" loci that is present on all haplotypes. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene is one of the "framework" loci that is present on all haplotypes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a BH3-like motif containing protein involved in cell death. The encoded protein may induce apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. The protein is localized in both the cytoplasm and the mitochondrion. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

The protein encoded by this gene is a B-cell-specific scaffold protein that functions in B-cell receptor-induced calcium mobilization from intracellular stores. This protein can also promote Lyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. Polymorphisms in this gene are associated with susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2009]

This gene encodes a planar cell polarity protein that is involved in ciliogenesis and directional cell movement. Knockout studies in mice exhibit neural tube defects and defective cilia, and mutations in this gene are associated with neural tube defects in humans. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

The protein encoded by this gene is a secreted glycoprotein that in mouse interacts with tectorial membrane proteins in the inner ear. The encoded adhesion protein is found in cochlear outer hair cells and appears to be important for proper hearing over an extended frequency range. Defects in this gene likely are a cause of non-syndromic autosomal dominant hearing loss. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

This gene encodes a member of the cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector family. Members of this family play important roles in apoptosis. The encoded protein promotes lipid droplet formation in adipocytes and may mediate adipocyte apoptosis. This gene is regulated by insulin and its expression is positively correlated with insulin sensitivity. Mutations in this gene may contribute to insulin resistant diabetes. A pseudogene of this gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 3. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode different isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

This gene encodes the homolog of the mouse protein Cidea that has been shown to activate apoptosis. This activation of apoptosis is inhibited by the DNA fragmentation factor DFF45 but not by caspase inhibitors. Mice that lack functional Cidea have higher metabolic rates, higher lipolysis in brown adipose tissue and higher core body temperatures when subjected to cold. These mice are also resistant to diet-induced obesity and diabetes. This suggests that in mice this gene product plays a role in thermogenesis and lipolysis. Alternatively spliced transcripts have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2010]

This gene encodes a calcium-binding protein belonging to the penta-EF-hand protein family. Calcium binding is important for homodimerization and for conformational changes required for binding to other protein partners. This gene product participates in T cell receptor-, Fas-, and glucocorticoid-induced programmed cell death. In mice deficient for this gene product, however, apoptosis was not blocked suggesting this gene product is functionally redundant. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene, and a pseudogene of this gene is also located on the short arm of chromosome 5. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

This gene encodes a 59 kDa protein that is associated with the U11 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), which is a component of the minor U12-type spliceosome responsible for catalyzing pre-mRNA splicing of U12-type introns. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

This gene is a tumor suppressor and encodes a protein that binds to the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A1 and inhibits its function by preventing RNA binding. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

This gene encodes a protein that is upregulated during apoptosis where it translocates rapidly from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. The encoded protein may be an important regulator of K(lysine) acetyltransferase 5 (a protein involved in transcription, DNA damage response and cell cycle control) by inhibiting its proteasome-dependent degradation. Pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 5 and 12 [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

This gene encodes a nuclear protein expressed in a variety of tissues. Expression of this gene has been shown to be repressed by B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6 (BCL6), a transcriptional repressor required for lymph node germinal center development, suggesting that BCL6 regulates apoptosis by its effects on this protein. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants and pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 9 and 12. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

This gene encodes a cell surface membrane protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily. This protein is expressed in pro-B-cells and is thought to play a role in their differentiation. In mice, expression of this gene is induced in the thymus when anti-CD3 antibodies are injected and large numbers of thymocytes undergo apoptosis. Mice deficient for this gene bred on a BALB/c background developed dilated cardiomyopathy and died from congestive heart failure. These studies suggest that this gene product may also be important in T cell function and contribute to the prevention of autoimmune diseases. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved protein associated with cell apoptosis. The protein interacts with the serine/threonine protein kinase MST4 to modulate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. It also interacts with and is phosphoryated by serine/threonine kinase 25, and is thought to function in a signaling pathway essential for vascular developent. Mutations in this gene are one cause of cerebral cavernous malformations, which are vascular malformations that cause seizures and cerebral hemorrhages. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The oncogenic protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that exerts control over some members of the Rho family of small GTPases. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. These isoforms exhibit different expression patterns and varying levels of GEF activity.[provided by RefSeq, Jan 2010]

This gene encodes a cell surface receptor that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein contains three fibronectin type III domains and five immunoglobulin-like C2-type domains. This protein is a member of a cell-surface receptor complex that mediates cell-cell interactions between muscle precursor cells and positively regulates myogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

This gene encodes a member of a small family of focal adhesion proteins which interacts with ILK (integrin-linked kinase), a protein which effects protein-protein interactions with the extraceullar matrix. The encoded protein has five LIM domains, each domain forming two zinc fingers, which permit interactions which regulate cell shape and migration. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 4. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

The protein encoded by this gene is an adaptor protein which contains five LIM domains, or double zinc fingers. The protein is likely involved in integrin signaling through its LIM domain-mediated interaction with integrin-linked kinase, found in focal adhesion plaques. It is also thought to act as a bridge linking integrin-linked kinase to NCK adaptor protein 2, which is involved in growth factor receptor kinase signaling pathways. Its localization to the periphery of spreading cells also suggests that this protein may play a role in integrin-mediated cell adhesion or spreading. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2010]

This gene encodes a protein belonging to the B7 costimulatory protein family. Proteins in this family are present on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and interact with ligand bound to receptors on the surface of T cells. Studies have shown that high levels of the encoded protein has been correlated with tumor progression. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 20. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

This gene is a member of the Ig superfamily and encodes a cell surface sialoglycoprotein expressed by cytokine-activated endothelium. This type I membrane protein mediates leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and signal transduction, and may play a role in the development of artherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Three alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

Nitric oxide is a reactive free radical which acts as a biologic mediator in several processes, including neurotransmission and antimicrobial and antitumoral activities. Nitric oxide is synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthases. Variations in this gene are associated with susceptibility to coronary spasm. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2009]

URG4 is upregulated in the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-encoded X antigen (HBxAg) and may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma by promoting hepatocellular growth and survival (Tufan et al., 2002 [PubMed 12082552]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a single-pass type I membrane protein that is found in immmature but not mature T-cells. Along with TCRB and CD3 complex, the encoded protein forms the pre-T-cell receptor complex, which regulates early T-cell development. Four transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

This gene encodes a cell adhesion protein which is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is involved in cell-to-cell interactions as well as cell-matrix interactions during development and differentiation. The encoded protein has been shown to be involved in development of the nervous system, and for cells involved in the expansion of T cells and dendritic cells which play an important role in immune surveillance. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2011]

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is a type I membrane protein and may function in selective fasciculation and zone-to-zone projection of the primary olfactory axons. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene is highly conserved during evolution and it plays a key role in the regulation of cell division. The encoded protein is a tyrosine phosphatase and belongs to the Cdc25 phosphatase family. It directs dephosphorylation of cyclin B-bound CDC2 and triggers entry into mitosis. It is also thought to suppress p53-induced growth arrest. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, however, the full-length nature of many of them is not known. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CDC25B is a member of the CDC25 family of phosphatases. CDC25B activates the cyclin dependent kinase CDC2 by removing two phosphate groups and it is required for entry into mitosis. CDC25B shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm due to nuclear localization and nuclear export signals. The protein is nuclear in the M and G1 phases of the cell cycle and moves to the cytoplasm during S and G2. CDC25B has oncogenic properties, although its role in tumor formation has not been determined. Multiple transcript variants for this gene exist. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CDC25A is a member of the CDC25 family of phosphatases. CDC25A is required for progression from G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. It activates the cyclin-dependent kinase CDC2 by removing two phosphate groups. CDC25A is specifically degraded in response to DNA damage, which prevents cells with chromosomal abnormalities from progressing through cell division. CDC25A is an oncogene, although its exact role in oncogenesis has not been demonstrated. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a single-pass type I membrane protein that localizes to the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane. The encoded protein acts as a homodimer and is involved in cell motility and cell-matrix interactions. The expression of this gene is downregulated or undetectable in many cancer cell lines, so this may be a tumor suppressor gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

The protein encoded by this gene shares strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein Cdc27, and the gene product of Schizosaccharomyces pombe nuc 2. This protein is a component of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and is highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. This complex catalyzes the formation of cyclin B-ubiquitin conjugate, which is responsible for the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of B-type cyclins. The protein encoded by this gene and three other members of the APC complex contain tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, which are important for protein-protein interactions. This protein was shown to interact with mitotic checkpoint proteins including Mad2, p55CDC and BUBR1, and it may thus be involved in controlling the timing of mitosis. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosomes 2, 22 and Y. [provided by RefSeq, May 2014]

The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc26, a component of cell cycle anaphase-promoting complex (APC). APC is composed of a group of highly conserved proteins and functions as a cell cycle-regulated ubiquitin-protein ligase. APC thus is responsible for the cell cycle regulated proteolysis of various proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

CDC20 appears to act as a regulatory protein interacting with several other proteins at multiple points in the cell cycle. It is required for two microtubule-dependent processes, nuclear movement prior to anaphase and chromosome separation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the B-cell receptor associated protein 31 superfamily. The encoded protein is a multi-pass transmembrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum that is involved in the anterograde transport of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi and in caspase 8-mediated apoptosis. Microdeletions in this gene are associated with contiguous ABCD1/DXS1375E deletion syndrome (CADDS), a neonatal disorder. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Two related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosome 16. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

This gene encodes a member of the Nedd4 family of HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases. HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligases transfer ubiquitin from E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to protein substrates, thus targeting specific proteins for lysosomal degradation. The encoded protein mediates the ubiquitination of multiple target substrates and plays a critical role in epithelial sodium transport by regulating the cell surface expression of the epithelial sodium channel, ENaC. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with essential hypertension. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2012]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase family. This protein is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc14, a protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in the exit of cell mitosis and initiation of DNA replication, which suggests the role in cell cycle control. This protein has been shown to interact with and dephosphorylates tumor suppressor protein p53, and is thought to regulate the function of p53. Alternative splice of this gene results in 3 transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase family. It is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc14, a protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in the exit of cell mitosis and initiation of DNA replication, suggesting a role in cell cycle control. This protein has been shown to interact with, and dephosphorylate tumor suppressor protein p53, and is thought to regulate the function of p53. Alternative splicing of this gene results in several transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene shares strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc23, a protein essential for cell cycle progression through the G2/M transition. This protein is a component of anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which is composed of eight protein subunits and highly conserved in eukaryotic cells. APC catalyzes the formation of cyclin B-ubiquitin conjugate that is responsible for the ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of B-type cyclins. This protein and 3 other members of the APC complex contain the TPR (tetratricopeptide repeat), a protein domain important for protein-protein interaction. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the highly conserved RCD1 protein family. The encoded protein is a transcriptional cofactor and a core protein of the CCR4-NOT complex. It may be involved in signal transduction as well as retinoic acid-regulated cell differentiation and development. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcriptional activator that plays an important role in lymphocyte differentiation. This gene is expressed predominantly in T-cells. The encoded protein can bind an enhancer element and activate the CD3E gene, and it also may repress the CTNNB1 and TCF7L2 genes through a feedback mechanism. Several transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2011]

The protein encoded by this gene is the predominant constituent of the crystalline core of the eosinophil granule. High levels of the proform of this protein are also present in placenta and pregnancy serum, where it exists as a complex with several other proteins including pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA), angiotensinogen (AGT), and C3dg. This protein may be involved in antiparasitic defense mechanisms as a cytotoxin and helminthotoxin, and in immune hypersensitivity reactions. The encoded protein contains a peptide that displays potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. It is directly implicated in epithelial cell damage, exfoliation, and bronchospasm in allergic diseases. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]

The protein encoded by this gene is an endothelial cell adhesion molecule that interacts preferentially with the leukocyte beta7 integrin LPAM-1 (alpha4beta7), L-selectin, and VLA-4 (alpha4beta1) on myeloid cells to direct leukocytes into mucosal and inflamed tissues. It is a member of the immunoglobulin family and is similar to ICAM1 and VCAM1. At least seven alternatively spliced transcripts encoding different protein isoforms have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Eukaryotic protein kinases are enzymes that belong to a very extensive family of proteins which share a conserved catalytic core common with both serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases. This gene encodes an intestinal serine/threonine kinase harboring a dual phosphorylation site found in mitogen-activating protein (MAP) kinases. The protein localizes to the intestinal crypt region and is thought to be important in intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. Alternative splicing has been observed at this locus and two variants, encoding the same isoform, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene is part of the family of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Members of this family activate Rho proteins by catalyzing the exchange of GDP for GTP. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with RhoA within the cell nucleus and may play a role in repairing DNA damage after ionizing radiation. Pseudogenes of this gene are located on the long arms of chromosomes 1, 7 and 18. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants that encode different protein isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2012]

This gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell adhesion molecules (Ig-CAMs), and is involved in human central and peripheral nervous system development. This gene is a candidate for Down syndrome and congenital heart disease (DSCHD). A gene encoding a similar Ig-CAM protein is located on chromosome 11. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding multiple isoforms have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2012]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The protein contains two immunoglobulin domains and thirteen fibronectin type III domains. Fibronectin type III domains are present in both extracellular and intracellular proteins and tandem repeats are known to contain binding sites for DNA, heparin and the cell surface. This protein, and a homologous mouse sequence, are very similar to the Drosophila sidekick gene product but the specific function of this superfamily member is not yet known. Evidence for alternative splicing at this gene locus has been observed but the full-length nature of additional variants has not yet been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the pre-B cell leukemia transcription factor family. These proteins are homeobox proteins that play critical roles in embryonic development and cellular differentiation both as Hox cofactors and through Hox-independent pathways. The encoded protein contains a homeobox DNA-binding domain, but specific functions of the protein have not been determined. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been observed for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

This gene encodes a ubiquitously expressed member of the TALE/PBX homeobox family. It was identified by its similarity to a homeobox gene which is involved in t(1;19) translocation in acute pre-B-cell leukemias. This protein is a transcriptional activator which binds to the TLX1 promoter. The gene is located within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a nuclear protein that belongs to the PBX homeobox family of transcriptional factors. Studies in mice suggest that this gene may be involved in the regulation of osteogenesis, and required for skeletal patterning and programming. A chromosomal translocation, t(1;19) involving this gene and TCF3/E2A gene, is associated with pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The resulting fusion protein, in which the DNA binding domain of E2A is replaced by the DNA binding domain of this protein, transforms cells by constitutively activating transcription of genes regulated by the PBX protein family. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

This gene encodes a HTLV-1 tax1 binding protein. The encoded protein interacts with TNFAIP3, and inhibits TNF-induced apoptosis by mediating the TNFAIP3 anti-apoptotic activity. Degradation of this protein by caspase-3-like family proteins is associated with apoptosis induced by TNF. This protein may also have a role in the inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, May 2011]

This gene encodes a tumor suppressor that is involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional control pathways. The protein is a component of the the PAF protein complex, which associates with the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A and with a histone methyltransferase complex. This protein appears to facilitate the association of 3' mRNA processing factors with actively-transcribed chromatin. Mutations in this gene have been linked to hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, familial isolated hyperparathyroidism, and parathyroid carcinoma. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2009]

The gene is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The encoded protein is associated with angiogenesis, with potential roles in endothelial tube formation and the migration of endothelial cells. It may also regulate smooth muscle cell migration via the RhoA pathway. The encoded protein can bind to heparin and may mediate heparin-sensitive cell adhesion. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2014]

This gene is a member of the PAR6 family and encodes a protein with a PSD95/Discs-large/ZO1 (PDZ) domain, an OPR domain and a semi-Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain. This cytoplasmic protein is involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes as a member of a multi-protein complex. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene is a member of the PAR6 family and encodes a protein with a PSD95/Discs-large/ZO1 (PDZ) domain and a semi-Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain. This cell membrane protein is involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes as a member of a multi-protein complex. The protein also has a role in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) that characterizes the invasive phenotype associated with metastatic carcinomas. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the mucin protein family. Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins secreted by many epithelial tissues to form an insoluble mucous barrier. The C-terminus of this family member associates with the multifunctional docking site of the MET proto-oncogene and suppresses activation of some downstream MET signaling cascades. The protein features a mucin tandem repeat domain that varies between two and six copies in most individuals. Multiple variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. A related pseudogene, which is also located on chromosome 3, has been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the CD28 and CTLA-4 cell-surface receptor family. It forms homodimers and plays an important role in cell-cell signaling, immune responses, and regulation of cell proliferation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a membrane-anchored protein with a hydrophobic amino terminal domain and a cyclophilin-like PPIase domain. It is present on the surface of natural killer cells and facilitates their binding to targets. Its expression is regulated by IL2 activation of the cells. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the L1 gene family of neural cell adhesion molecules. It is a neural recognition molecule that may be involved in signal transduction pathways. The deletion of one copy of this gene may be responsible for mental defects in patients with 3p- syndrome. This protein may also play a role in the growth of certain cancers. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding variants. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

This gene encodes a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell membrane glycoprotein. In addition to being highly expressed in the prostate it is also expressed in the bladder, placenta, colon, kidney, and stomach. This gene is up-regulated in a large proportion of prostate cancers and is also detected in cancers of the bladder and pancreas. This gene includes a polymorphism that results in an upstream start codon in some individuals; this polymorphism is thought to be associated with a risk for certain gastric and bladder cancers. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2010]

This gene encodes activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), also known as CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), which is a member of a subfamily of immunoglobulin receptors with five immunoglobulin-like domains (VVC2C2C2) in the extracellular domain. This protein binds to T-cell differentiation antigene CD6, and is implicated in the processes of cell adhesion and migration. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2011]

This gene encodes a transmembrane signaling adaptor that contains a YxxM motif in its cytoplasmic domain. The encoded protein may form part of the immune recognition receptor complex with the C-type lectin-like receptor NKG2D. As part of this receptor complex, this protein may activate phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dependent signaling pathways through its intracytoplasmic YxxM motif. This receptor complex may have a role in cell survival and proliferation by activation of NK and T cell responses. Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a stromal cell derived factor that is a member of the CREC protein family. The encoded protein contains six EF-hand motifs and calcium-binding motifs. This protein localizes to the Golgi lumen and may be involved in regulating calcium dependent cellular activities. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

The protein encoded by this gene is believed to be a secretory protein. It has regions of similarity to hydrophilic segments of yeast mannosyltransferases. Its expression is ubiquitous and the gene appears to be relatively conserved among mammals. Alternate splicing results in both coding and non-coding variants. A pseudogene of this gene is located on chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2011]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is found on the surface of platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, and some types of T-cells, and makes up a large portion of endothelial cell intercellular junctions. The encoded protein is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is likely involved in leukocyte migration, angiogenesis, and integrin activation. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

This intronless gene encodes a helix-loop-helix protein. Translocations between this gene on chromosome 9 and the T-cell receptor beta-chain locus on chromosome 7 have been associated with activation of the T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 2 gene and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2009]

This gene encodes a nuclear transcription factor that belongs to the NK-linked or NK-like (NKL) subfamily of homeobox genes. The encoded protein is required for normal development of the spleen during embryogenesis. This protein is also involved in specification of neuronal cell fates. Ectopic expression of this gene due to chromosomal translocations is associated with certain T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2010]

This gene is a member of an orphan homeobox-containing transcription factor family. Studies of the mouse ortholog have shown that the encoded protein is crucial for the development of the enteric nervous system; in humans, loss-of-function may play a role in tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

RNX (HOX11L2, TLX3) belongs to a family of orphan homeobox genes that encode DNA-binding nuclear transcription factors. Members of the HOX11 gene family are characterized by a threonine-47 replacing cytosine in the highly conserved homeodomain (Dear et al., 1993 [PubMed 8099440]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

This gene is identified by the similarity of its product to the N-terminal region of BCL7A protein. The BCL7A protein is encoded by the gene known to be directly involved in a three-way gene translocation in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. The function of this gene has not yet been determined. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2013]

This gene encodes a member of the BCL7 family including BCL7A, BCL7B and BCL7C proteins. This member is BCL7B, which contains a region that is highly similar to the N-terminal segment of BCL7A or BCL7C proteins. The BCL7A protein is encoded by the gene known to be directly involved in a three-way gene translocation in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. This gene is located at a chromosomal region commonly deleted in Williams syndrome. This gene is highly conserved from C. elegans to human. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

This gene is directly involved, with Myc and IgH, in a three-way gene translocation in a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. As a result of the gene translocation, the N-terminal region of the gene product is disrupted, which is thought to be related to the pathogenesis of a subset of high-grade B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The N-terminal segment involved in the translocation includes the region that shares a strong sequence similarity with those of BCL7B and BCL7C. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a highly conserved neurotrophic factor. The recombinant form of this protein was shown to promote the survival and differentiation of dopaminergic neurons in culture, and was able to prevent apoptosis of motor neurons induced by axotomy. The encoded protein is processed to a mature secreted form that exists as a homodimer. The mature form of the protein is a ligand for the product of the RET (rearranged during transfection) protooncogene. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Mutations in this gene may be associated with Hirschsprung disease. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2010]

The protein encoded by this gene was identified by its strong similarity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc45, an essential protein required to the initiation of DNA replication. Cdc45 is a member of the highly conserved multiprotein complex including Cdc6/Cdc18, the minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs) and DNA polymerase, which is important for early steps of DNA replication in eukaryotes. This protein has been shown to interact with MCM7 and DNA polymerase alpha. Studies of the similar gene in Xenopus suggested that this protein play a pivotal role in the loading of DNA polymerase alpha onto chromatin. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

Pre-mRNA splicing occurs in two sequential transesterification steps. The protein encoded by this gene is found to be essential for the catalytic step II in pre-mRNA splicing process. It is found in the spliceosome, and contains seven WD repeats, which function in protein-protein interactions. This protein has a sequence similarity to yeast Prp17 protein, which functions in two different cellular processes: pre-mRNA splicing and cell cycle progression. It suggests that this protein may play a role in cell cycle progression. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a small GTPase of the Rho-subfamily, which regulates signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions including cell morphology, migration, endocytosis and cell cycle progression. This protein is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc 42, and is able to complement the yeast cdc42-1 mutant. The product of oncogene Dbl was reported to specifically catalyze the dissociation of GDP from this protein. This protein could regulate actin polymerization through its direct binding to Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), which subsequently activates Arp2/3 complex. Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants. Pseudogenes of this gene have been identified on chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 and 20. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2013]

Overexpression of the TCL1 gene in humans has been implicated in the development of mature T cell leukemia, in which chromosomal rearrangements bring the TCL1 gene in close proximity to the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-alpha (MIM 186880) or TCR-beta (MIM 186930) regulatory elements (summarized by Virgilio et al., 1998 [PubMed 9520462]). In normal T cells TCL1 is expressed in CD4-/CD8- cells, but not in cells at later stages of differentiation. TCL1 functions as a coactivator of the cell survival kinase AKT (MIM 164730) (Laine et al., 2000 [PubMed 10983986]).[supplied by OMIM, Jul 2010]

This gene encodes two proteins, the SART1(800) protein expressed in the nucleus of the majority of proliferating cells, and the SART1(259) protein expressed in the cytosol of epithelial cancers. The SART1(259) protein is translated by the mechanism of -1 frameshifting during posttranscriptional regulation; its full-length sequence is not published yet. The two encoded proteins are thought to be involved in the regulation of proliferation. Both proteins have tumor-rejection antigens. The SART1(259) protein possesses tumor epitopes capable of inducing HLA-A2402-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cancer patients. This SART1(259) antigen may be useful in specific immunotherapy for cancer patients and may serve as a paradigmatic tool for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with atopy. The SART1(259) protein is found to be essential for the recruitment of the tri-snRNP to the pre-spliceosome in the spliceosome assembly pathway. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor family of transcription factors. These transcription factors are activated by beta catenin, mediate the Wnt signaling pathway and are antagonized by the transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway. The encoded protein contains a high mobility group-box DNA binding domain and participates in the regulation of cell cycle genes and cellular senescence. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2010]

This gene encodes a high mobility group (HMG) box-containing transcription factor that plays a key role in the Wnt signaling pathway. The protein has been implicated in blood glucose homeostasis. Genetic variants of this gene are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Several transcript variants encoding multiple different isoforms have been found for this gene.[provided by RefSeq, Oct 2010]

Natural killer (NK) cells are a distinct lineage of lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxic activity and secrete cytokines upon immune stimulation. Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including members of the NKG2 family, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. KLRD1 (CD94) is an antigen preferentially expressed on NK cells and is classified as a type II membrane protein because it has an external C terminus. Three transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the engulfment and cell motility protein family. These proteins interact with dedicator of cytokinesis proteins to promote phagocytosis and cell migration. Increased expression of this gene and dedicator of cytokinesis 1 may promote glioma cell invasion, and single nucleotide polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with diabetic nephropathy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

The protein encoded by this gene interacts with the dedicator of cyto-kinesis 1 protein. Similarity to a C. elegans protein suggests that this protein may function in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and in cell migration. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding the same protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is similar to a C. elegans protein that functions in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and in cell migration. Other members of this small family of engulfment and cell motility (ELMO) proteins have been shown to interact with the dedicator of cyto-kinesis 1 protein to promote phagocytosis and effect cell shape changes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is primarily found in endothelial cells and blood vessels, where it is involved in cell shape changes and EGF-induced cell migration. It can enhance the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2/kinase insert domain receptor and also promote the proteolysis of internalized kinase insert domain receptor. This gene may play a role in angiogenesis-related diseases. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

This intronless gene is specifically expressed in dendritic cells (DCs), which are potent antigen-presenting cells involved in activating naive T cells to initiate antigen-specific immune response. The encoded protein is localized mainly in the perinucleus. One of the alleles (A/T) of this gene, that causes premature translation termination at aa 117, has been associated with an increased prevalence of major depression in humans. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the mucin family. Mucins are O-glycosylated proteins that play an essential role in forming protective mucous barriers on epithelial surfaces. These proteins also play a role in intracellular signaling. This protein is expressed on the apical surface of epithelial cells that line the mucosal surfaces of many different tissues including lung, breast stomach and pancreas. This protein is proteolytically cleaved into alpha and beta subunits that form a heterodimeric complex. The N-terminal alpha subunit functions in cell-adhesion and the C-terminal beta subunit is involved in cell signaling. Overexpression, aberrant intracellular localization, and changes in glycosylation of this protein have been associated with carcinomas. This gene is known to contain a highly polymorphic variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) domain. Alternate splicing results in multiple transcript variants.[provided by RefSeq, Feb 2011]

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. The NKG2 gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed in NK cells. This gene encodes a member of the NKG2 family. The encoded transmembrane protein is characterized by a type II membrane orientation (has an extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. It binds to a diverse family of ligands that include MHC class I chain-related A and B proteins and UL-16 binding proteins, where ligand-receptor interactions can result in the activation of NK and T cells. The surface expression of these ligands is important for the recognition of stressed cells by the immune system, and thus this protein and its ligands are therapeutic targets for the treatment of immune diseases and cancers. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the upstream KLRC4 (killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily C, member 4) family member in the same cluster. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

The protein encoded by this gene is a membrane protein involved in the regulation of planar cell polarity, especially in the stereociliary bundles of the cochlea. The encoded protein transmits directional signals to individual cells or groups of cells in epithelial sheets. This protein is also involved in the development of the neural plate. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2011]

T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor beta locus. The beta locus includes V (variable), J (joining), diversity (D), and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the beta chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a D segment with a J segment; a V segment is then joined to the D-J gene. The C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random additional of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Several V segments and one J segment of the beta locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. The beta locus also includes eight trypsinogen genes, three of which encode functional proteins and five of which are pseudogenes. Chromosomal abnormalities involving the T-cell receptor beta locus have been associated with T-cell lymphomas. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

T cell receptors recognize foreign antigens which have been processed as small peptides and bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules at the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Each T cell receptor is a dimer consisting of one alpha and one beta chain or one delta and one gamma chain. In a single cell, the T cell receptor loci are rearranged and expressed in the order delta, gamma, beta, and alpha. If both delta and gamma rearrangements produce functional chains, the cell expresses delta and gamma. If not, the cell proceeds to rearrange the beta and alpha loci. This region represents the germline organization of the T cell receptor gamma locus. The gamma locus includes V (variable), J (joining), and C (constant) segments. During T cell development, the gamma chain is synthesized by a recombination event at the DNA level joining a V segment with a J segment; the C segment is later joined by splicing at the RNA level. Recombination of many different V segments with several J segments provides a wide range of antigen recognition. Additional diversity is attained by junctional diversity, resulting from the random addition of nucleotides by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Several V segments of the gamma locus are known to be incapable of encoding a protein and are considered pseudogenes. Somatic rearrangement of the gamma locus has been observed in T cells derived from patients with T cell leukemia and ataxia telangiectasia. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor and transforming protein that is related to Rho-specific exchange factors and yeast cell cycle regulators. The expression of this gene is elevated with the onset of DNA synthesis and remains elevated during G2 and M phases. In situ hybridization analysis showed that expression is at a high level in cells undergoing mitosis in regenerating liver. Thus, this protein is expressed in a cell cycle-dependent manner during liver regeneration, and is thought to have an important role in the regulation of cytokinesis. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the killer cell lectin-like receptor family, also called NKG2 family, which is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. This family of proteins is characterized by the type II membrane orientation and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. This protein forms a complex with another family member, KLRD1/CD94, and has been implicated in the recognition of the MHC class I HLA-E molecules in NK cells. The genes of NKG2 family members form a killer cell lectin-like receptor gene cluster on chromosome 12. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been observed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2015]

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. KLRC3 is a member of the NKG2 group which are expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells and encodes a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by a type II membrane orientation (extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. The NKG2 gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed on NK cells. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. The group, designated KLRC (NKG2) are expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells and encodes a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by a type II membrane orientation (extracellular C terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. The KLRC (NKG2) gene family is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed on NK cells. KLRC2 alternative splice variants have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. They can also regulate specific humoral and cell-mediated immunity. NK cells preferentially express several calcium-dependent (C-type) lectins, which have been implicated in the regulation of NK cell function. This gene is a member of the NKG2 group of genes that are expressed primarily in natural killer (NK) cells. These family members encode transmembrane proteins that are characterized by a type II membrane orientation (have an extracellular C-terminus) and the presence of a C-type lectin domain. This family member is located within the NK complex, a region that contains several C-type lectin genes preferentially expressed in NK cells. Read-through transcription exists between this gene and the downstream KLRK1 (killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1) family member. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2010]

This gene encodes an element of the machinery for raft-mediated trafficking in endothelial cells. The encoded protein, a member of the MAL proteolipid family, predominantly localizes in glycolipid- and cholesterol-enriched membrane (GEM) rafts. It interacts with caveolin-1. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a multispan transmembrane protein belonging to the MAL proteolipid family. The protein is a component of lipid rafts and, in polarized cells, it primarily localizes to endosomal structures beneath the apical membrane. It is required for transcytosis, an intracellular transport pathway used to deliver membrane-bound proteins and exogenous cargos from the basolateral to the apical surface. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the BCL-2 family. BCL-2 family members are known to be regulators of programmed cell death. This protein positively regulates cell apoptosis by forming heterodimers with BCL-xL and BCL-2, and reversing their death repressor activity. Proapoptotic activity of this protein is regulated through its phosphorylation. Protein kinases AKT and MAP kinase, as well as protein phosphatase calcineurin were found to be involved in the regulation of this protein. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants which encode the same isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a single-pass transmembrane protein. Based on its expression pattern, it is speculated to be involved in regulating mast cell differentiation or immune responses. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a component protein of the APC complex, which is composed of eight proteins and functions as a protein ubiquitin ligase. The APC complex is a cyclin degradation system that governs exit from mitosis. Each component protein of the APC complex is highly conserved among eukaryotic organisms. This protein and two other APC complex proteins, CDC23 and CDC27, contain a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), a protein domain that may be involved in protein-protein interaction. Multiple alternatively spliced variants, encoding the same protein, have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a constitutively active member of the small GTPase Ras protein family. The encoded protein activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signal transduction pathway in undifferentiated stem cells, but is not expressed in differentiated cells. This gene may be involved in cancer and chemotherapy resistance. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2012]

This gene encodes a protein with an arfaptin homology domain that is found both in the cytosol and as membrane-bound form on the Golgi complex and immature secretory granules. This protein is believed to be an autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and primary Sjogren's syndrome. Several transcript variants encoding two different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2013]

The protein encoded by this gene is highly similar to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cdc6, a protein essential for the initiation of DNA replication. This protein functions as a regulator at the early steps of DNA replication. It localizes in cell nucleus during cell cyle G1, but translocates to the cytoplasm at the start of S phase. The subcellular translocation of this protein during cell cyle is regulated through its phosphorylation by Cdks. Transcription of this protein was reported to be regulated in response to mitogenic signals through transcriptional control mechanism involving E2F proteins. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a cell division cycle protein with kinase activity that is critical for the G1/S transition. The yeast homolog is also essential for initiation of DNA replication as cell division occurs. Overexpression of this gene product may be associated with neoplastic transformation for some tumors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode the same protein have been detected. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2008]

This gene encodes an intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in T-cells. The protein contains both SH2 and SH3 domains which are often found in intracellular kinases. It is thought to play a role in T-cell proliferation and differentiation. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a secreted protein which is mainly expressed in the endothelial cells in human lung and kidney tissues. The expression of this gene is regulated by cytokines, suggesting that it may play a role in endothelium-dependent pathological disorders. The transcript contains multiple polyadenylation and mRNA instability signals. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

The product of this gene is a serine/threonine protein kinase related to kinases involved in cell cycle regulation. It is expressed almost exclusively in the testis, primarily in germ cells. Studies of the mouse and rat homologs have localized the kinase to the chromosomes during meiosis in spermatogenesis, specifically to the synaptonemal complex that exists while homologous chromosomes are paired. There is, however, a study of the mouse homolog that has identified high levels of expression in developing sensory epithelia so its function may be more generalized. Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2011]

The protein encoded by this gene is a highly hydrophobic integral membrane protein belonging to the MAL family of proteolipids. The protein has been localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of T-cells and is a candidate linker protein in T-cell signal transduction. In addition, this proteolipid is localized in compact myelin of cells in the nervous system and has been implicated in myelin biogenesis and/or function. The protein plays a role in the formation, stabilization and maintenance of glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane microdomains. Down-regulation of this gene has been associated with a variety of human epithelial malignancies. Alternative splicing produces four transcript variants which vary from each other by the presence or absence of alternatively spliced exons 2 and 3. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

CDC37L1 is a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that exists in complex with HSP90 (HSPCA; MIM 140571) as well as several other proteins involved in HSP90-mediated protein folding (Scholz et al., 2001 [PubMed 11413142]).[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]

This gene was identified by its translocation in a case of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. The protein encoded by this gene contains a caspase recruitment domain (CARD), and has been shown to induce apoptosis and to activate NF-kappaB. This protein is reported to interact with other CARD domain containing proteins including CARD9, 10, 11 and 14, which are thought to function as upstream regulators in NF-kappaB signaling. This protein is found to form a complex with MALT1, a protein encoded by another gene known to be translocated in MALT lymphoma. MALT1 and this protein are thought to synergize in the activation of NF-kappaB, and the deregulation of either of them may contribute to the same pathogenetic process that leads to the malignancy. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

The protein encoded by this gene is an axonal glycoprotein belonging to the immunoglobulin supergene family. The ectodomain, consisting of several immunoglobulin-like domains and fibronectin-like repeats (type III), is linked via a single transmembrane sequence to a conserved cytoplasmic domain. This cell adhesion molecule plays an important role in nervous system development, including neuronal migration and differentiation. Mutations in the gene cause X-linked neurological syndromes known as CRASH (corpus callosum hypoplasia, retardation, aphasia, spastic paraplegia and hydrocephalus). Alternative splicing of this gene results in multiple transcript variants, some of which include an alternate exon that is considered to be specific to neurons. [provided by RefSeq, May 2013]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily. This receptor contains a death domain. It has been shown to play a central role in the physiological regulation of programmed cell death, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various malignancies and diseases of the immune system. The interaction of this receptor with its ligand allows the formation of a death-inducing signaling complex that includes Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD), caspase 8, and caspase 10. The autoproteolytic processing of the caspases in the complex triggers a downstream caspase cascade, and leads to apoptosis. This receptor has been also shown to activate NF-kappaB, MAPK3/ERK1, and MAPK8/JNK, and is found to be involved in transducing the proliferating signals in normal diploid fibroblast and T cells. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described, some of which are candidates for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). The isoforms lacking the transmembrane domain may negatively regulate the apoptosis mediated by the full length isoform. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

The protein encoded by this gene is an RNA-binding nuclear protein that is a tumor-rejection antigen. This antigen possesses tumor epitopes capable of inducing HLA-A24-restricted and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in cancer patients and may be useful for specific immunotherapy. This gene product is found to be an important cellular factor for HIV-1 gene expression and viral replication. It also associates transiently with U6 and U4/U6 snRNPs during the recycling phase of the spliceosome cycle. This encoded protein is thought to be involved in the regulation of mRNA splicing. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a glycosylated transmembrane protein that is cleaved to form a mature, secreted protein. The N-terminus of the precursor protein shares characteristics with other surfactant proteins and is sometimes called chondrosurfactant protein although no biological activity has yet been defined for it. The C-terminus of the precursor protein contains a 25 kDa mature protein called leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-1 or chondromodulin-1. The mature protein promotes chondrocyte growth and inhibits angiogenesis. This gene is expressed in the avascular zone of prehypertrophic cartilage and its expression decreases during chondrocyte hypertrophy and vascular invasion. The mature protein likely plays a role in endochondral bone development by permitting cartilaginous anlagen to be vascularized and replaced by bone. It may be involved also in the broad control of tissue vascularization during development. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a secreted, 16 kDa protein that acts as a chemotactic factor to neutrophils and stimulates the growth of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. This protein has high sequence similarity to the chondromodulin repeat regions of the chicken myb-induced myeloid 1 protein. A polymorphism in this gene may be associated with rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the IgLON subfamily in the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. The encoded protein is localized in the plasma membrane and may have an accessory role in opioid receptor function. This gene has an ortholog in rat and bovine. The opioid binding-cell adhesion molecule encoded by the rat gene binds opioid alkaloids in the presence of acidic lipids, exhibits selectivity for mu ligands and acts as a GPI-anchored protein. Since the encoded protein is highly conserved in species during evolution, it may have a fundamental role in mammalian systems. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a cytoplasmic WD40 repeat protein. A similar gene in frogs encodes a planar cell polarity protein that plays a critical role in collective cell movement and ciliogenesis by mediating septin localization. Mutations in this gene are associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome 15 and may also play a role in Meckel-Gruber syndrome. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jun 2014]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene is one of the "framework" loci that is present on all haplotypes. This gene is considered to be a pseudogene based on the absence of transcription and it lacks several functional domains compared to other killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors. A rare haplotype, the result of a recombinantion event, has two copies of this gene, one of which may encode a secreted protein. (PMID: 15580659)[provided by RefSeq, Mar 2011]

This gene encodes a cytoplasmic linker or adaptor protein that plays a critical role in B cell development. This protein bridges B cell receptor-associated kinase activation with downstream signaling pathways, thereby affecting various biological functions. The phosphorylation of five tyrosine residues is necessary for this protein to nucleate distinct signaling effectors following B cell receptor activation. Mutations in this gene cause hypoglobulinemia and absent B cells, a disease in which the pro- to pre-B-cell transition is developmentally blocked. Deficiency in this protein has also been shown in some cases of pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

The mucin genes encode epithelial glycoproteins, some of which are secreted and some membrane bound. Each of the genes contains at least one large domain of tandemly repeated sequence that encodes the peptide sequence rich in serine and/or threonine residues, which carries most of the O-linked glycosylation (Gendler and Spicer, 1995 [PubMed 7778880]).[supplied by OMIM, Aug 2008]

DAD1, the defender against apoptotic cell death, was initially identified as a negative regulator of programmed cell death in the temperature sensitive tsBN7 cell line. The DAD1 protein disappeared in temperature-sensitive cells following a shift to the nonpermissive temperature, suggesting that loss of the DAD1 protein triggered apoptosis. DAD1 is believed to be a tightly associated subunit of oligosaccharyltransferase both in the intact membrane and in the purified enzyme, thus reflecting the essential nature of N-linked glycosylation in eukaryotes. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes one of two proteins which interact with VP16, a herpes simplex virus protein that initiates virus infection. Both the encoded protein and the original Herpes host cell factor interact with VP16 through a beta-propeller domain. The original Herpes host cell factor, however, is effective at initiating viral infection while the encoded protein is not. Transcripts of varying length due to alternative polyadenylation signals have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene is a member of the host cell factor family and encodes a protein with five Kelch repeats, a fibronectin-like motif, and six HCF repeats, each of which contains a highly specific cleavage signal. This nuclear coactivator is proteolytically cleaved at one of the six possible sites, resulting in the creation of an N-terminal chain and the corresponding C-terminal chain. The final form of this protein consists of noncovalently bound N- and C-terminal chains. The protein is involved in control of the cell cycle and transcriptional regulation during herpes simplex virus infection. Alternatively spliced variants which encode different protein isoforms have been described; however, not all variants have been fully characterized. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the membrane-spanning 4A gene family. Members of this protein family are characterized by common structural features and similar intron/exon splice boundaries and display unique expression patterns among hematopoietic cells and nonlymphoid tissues. This family member likely plays a role in signal transduction and may function as a subunit associated with receptor complexes. The gene encoding this protein is localized to 11q12, among a cluster of related family members. Alternative splicing may result in multiple transcript variants; however, not all variants have been fully described. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This pseudogene is located downstream from the growth hormone locus on chromosome 17. This locus evolved by a series of partial duplications that have disrupted the human gene. A homologous gene in mouse encodes a testis-specific cell adhesion protein that may play a role in germ cell-Sertoli cell interactions. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2012]

Bone marrow stromal cells are involved in the growth and development of B-cells. The specific function of the protein encoded by the bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 is undetermined; however, this protein may play a role in pre-B-cell growth and in rheumatoid arthritis. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a protein that functions within the ESCRT pathway in the abscission stage of cytokinesis, in intralumenal endosomal vesicle formation, and in enveloped virus budding. Studies using mouse cells have shown that overexpression of this protein can block apoptosis. In addition, the product of this gene binds to the product of the PDCD6 gene, a protein required for apoptosis, in a calcium-dependent manner. This gene product also binds to endophilins, proteins that regulate membrane shape during endocytosis. Overexpression of this gene product and endophilins results in cytoplasmic vacuolization, which may be partly responsible for the protection against cell death. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. Related pseudogenes have been identified on chromosome 15. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]

This gene encodes a member of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Two subgroups of the CEA family, the CEA cell adhesion molecules and the pregnancy-specific glycoproteins, are located within a 1.2 Mb cluster on the long arm of chromosome 19. Eleven pseudogenes of the CEA cell adhesion molecule subgroup are also found in the cluster. The encoded protein was originally described in bile ducts of liver as biliary glycoprotein. Subsequently, it was found to be a cell-cell adhesion molecule detected on leukocytes, epithelia, and endothelia. The encoded protein mediates cell adhesion via homophilic as well as heterophilic binding to other proteins of the subgroup. Multiple cellular activities have been attributed to the encoded protein, including roles in the differentiation and arrangement of tissue three-dimensional structure, angiogenesis, apoptosis, tumor suppression, metastasis, and the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been reported, but the full-length nature of all variants has not been defined. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

This gene encodes a member of the family of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs), which are used by several bacterial pathogens to bind and invade host cells. The encoded transmembrane protein directs phagocytosis of several bacterial species that is dependent on the small GTPase Rac. It is thought to serve an important role in controlling human-specific pathogens by the innate immune system. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have been described. [provided by RefSeq, Mar 2013]

This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family whose members are glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchored cell surface glycoproteins. Members of this family play a role in cell adhesion and are widely used as tumor markers in serum immunoassay determinations of carcinoma. This gene affects the sensitivity of tumor cells to adenovirus infection. The protein encoded by this gene acts as a receptor for adherent-invasive E. coli adhesion to the surface of ileal epithelial cells in patients with Crohn's disease. This gene is clustered with genes and pseudogenes of the cell adhesion molecules subgroup of the CEA family on chromosome 19. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2014]

This gene encodes Lutheran blood group glycoprotein, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily and a receptor for the extracellular matrix protein, laminin. The protein contains five extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a single transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. This protein may play a role in epithelial cell cancer and in vaso-occlusion of red blood cells in sickle cell disease. Polymorphisms in this gene define some of the antigens in the Lutheran system and also the Auberger system. Inactivating variants of this gene result in the recessive Lutheran null phenotype, Lu(a-b-), of the Lutheran blood group. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, May 2012]

This gene encodes a member of the CWF19 protein family. Mutations in this gene have been associated with autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia-17 and mild mental retardation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Dec 2014]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by natural killer cells and subsets of T cells. The KIR genes are polymorphic and highly homologous and they are found in a cluster on chromosome 19q13.4 within the 1 Mb leukocyte receptor complex (LRC). The gene content of the KIR gene cluster varies among haplotypes, although several "framework" genes are found in all haplotypes (KIR3DL3, KIR3DP1, KIR3DL4, KIR3DL2). The KIR proteins are classified by the number of extracellular immunoglobulin domains (2D or 3D) and by whether they have a long (L) or short (S) cytoplasmic domain. KIR proteins with the long cytoplasmic domain transduce inhibitory signals upon ligand binding via an immune tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM), while KIR proteins with the short cytoplasmic domain lack the ITIM motif and instead associate with the TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein to transduce activating signals. The ligands for several KIR proteins are subsets of HLA class I molecules; thus, KIR proteins are thought to play an important role in regulation of the immune response. This gene is one of the "framework" loci that is present on all haplotypes. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a nuclear envelope protein that appears to be involved in spermatogenesis, either directly or by influencing genes that play a more direct role in the process. This multi-exon locus is the homolog of the mouse and drosophila germ cell-less gene but the human genome also contains a single-exon locus on chromosome 5 that contains an open reading frame capable of encoding a highly-related protein. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a member of the synaptic cell adhesion molecule 1 (SynCAM) family which belongs to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily. The encoded protein has three Ig-like domains and a cytosolic protein 4.1 binding site near the C-terminus. Proteins belonging to the protein 4.1 family crosslink spectrin and interact with other cytoskeletal proteins. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2012]

This gene encodes a chymotryptic serine proteinase that belongs to the peptidase family S1. It is expressed in mast cells and is thought to function in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, the regulation of submucosal gland secretion, and the generation of vasoactive peptides. In the heart and blood vessels, this protein, rather than angiotensin converting enzyme, is largely responsible for converting angiotensin I to the vasoactive peptide angiotensin II. Alternative splicing results in multiple variants. [provided by RefSeq, Apr 2015]

This gene encodes a C2H2 type zinc-finger protein by its similarity to the mouse Bcl11a/Evi9 protein. The corresponding mouse gene is a common site of retroviral integration in myeloid leukemia, and may function as a leukemia disease gene, in part, through its interaction with BCL6. During hematopoietic cell differentiation, this gene is down-regulated. It is possibly involved in lymphoma pathogenesis since translocations associated with B-cell malignancies also deregulates its expression. Multiple transcript variants encoding several different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

This gene encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein and is closely related to BCL11A, a gene whose translocation may be associated with B-cell malignancies. Although the specific function of this gene has not been determined, the encoded protein is known to be a transcriptional repressor, and is regulated by the NURD nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex. Four alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013]

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5113-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5097-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B8-5164-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5107-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5120-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5094-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5095-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B8-5163-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5098-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5102-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B8-5159-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5104-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5110-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5115-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5099-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5092-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5168-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4945-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5100-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B8-5165-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5096-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B8-5162-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B8-5158-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5108-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5106-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5117-01A-01R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5121-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3373-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4760-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5010-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5116-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4842-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4782-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3385-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4177-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4795-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3357-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3367-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4993-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4823-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4801-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3370-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5083-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5119-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3376-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4827-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5109-01A-02R-1420-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4887-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5081-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5402-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B8-4151-01A-01R-1188-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4815-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4962-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4907-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5201-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4972-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4874-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4873-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5183-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CW-5589-01A-01R-1541-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5088-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5180-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4714-01A-01R-1277-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4819-01A-01R-1277-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4766-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B2-5633-01A-01R-1541-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4847-01A-01R-1277-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4833-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4816-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4852-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4837-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4351-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4713-01A-01R-1277-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5191-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5187-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3349-01A-01R-1188-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4763-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4893-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4346-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5400-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4968-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4872-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3365-01A-01R-0864-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4998-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-DV-5569-01A-01R-1541-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5085-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-AK-3455-01A-01R-0864-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4790-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CZ-4866-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4981-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5178-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B8-4143-01A-01R-1188-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4696-01A-01R-1277-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4798-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-5075-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4999-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-DV-5573-01A-01R-1541-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CZ-5455-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B8-5549-01A-01R-1541-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4886-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4963-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4341-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4789-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4908-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CW-5587-01A-01R-1541-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CZ-5456-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4810-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CZ-5457-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4761-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4799-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4699-01A-01R-1277-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4803-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4332-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4776-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4340-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4824-01A-01R-1277-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3343-01A-01R-0864-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3325-01A-01R-0864-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4923-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3358-01A-01R-1541-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4975-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4912-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5000-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5198-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4828-01A-01R-1277-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5199-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4900-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B8-5545-01A-01R-1672-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4756-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4845-01A-01R-1277-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4889-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CW-5588-01A-01R-1541-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CJ-4903-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4701-01A-01R-1277-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-CZ-4862-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4710-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5001-01A-01R-1334-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-A3-3346-01A-01R-1766-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4349-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4834-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4784-01A-01R-1305-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-AK-3427-01A-01R-0864-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-4326-01A-01R-1289-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-B0-4811-01A-01R-1503-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.

genes with high or low expression in Kidneyrenalclearcell carcinoma_KIRC_TCGA-BP-5181-01A-01R-1426-07 relative to other tissue samples from the TCGA Signatures of Differentially Expressed Genes for Tumors dataset.