Some circuits documented from my
design note book are here with the
editable schematics.Zeners, Diodes,
NPN-PNP Transistors, FET, MOSFET, SCR,
Triacs are all discrete active
devices. ICs and Hybrid Modules
are made of many discrete and
passive components.

In the Integrated Circuits or ASICs,
all parts even passives are derived on
the Silicon Wafer. In Hybrid Modules
the construction uses SMD or Tiny Chip
components interconnected in a small
ceramic PCB and Hermetically Sealed if
needed.

For a Systems Integrator or Control
Panel Designer, the Timers,
Controllers, PLC which are Electronic
Products become Components or Modules
along with Contacters, Current
Transformers, AC-DC Drives etc.

Components have to be wired up on
boards while designing or testing
circuit blocks or concepts. Some
examples of these are shown below.

Bread-Board

General-Purpose-PCB

Schmartboard

Bread Board -

This is a reusable gadget like a
connector, works like an IC base,
only that the connectors in this are
very long lasting. you can just plug
in the components and connect using
thick pre-tinned single strand wire.
Big pins can ruin the sockets and
power circuits. Levels > 200mA or
> 24V could be avoided on these
boards.

This is a PCB that is available is
some shops, they are known as
"General Purpose Prototyping Board".
They have to be soldered and some
tracks cut with tool-knife. Power
circuits also can be built with wire
reinforcements and RF circuits too
if you plan the layout first on
paper.

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The documents, software, tools and links are provided to
enhance the ability of an electronics student, hobbyist or
professional by sharing information. The information,
links etc. should be used by the website visitor, at his
or her own risk and responsibility. There may be concept,
design and link errors in the pages. Creative Work, ideas
and documents of delabs can be used for Product Design and
Development by R&D Engineers, Hobbyists, Students and
even firms for creating useful products. These cannot be
used for reprint, replication or publishing online or
offline.