Annals of Internal Medicine recently published a letter reporting 24 fatal cases of H7N9 influenza (1). Although Annals' information for Authors instructs authors to provide related reports with submitted manuscripts (http://annals.org/public/authorsinfo.aspx#duplicate-manuscripts; http://annals.org/public/authorsinfo.aspx#research-publication-ethics), the authors of this letter neglected to inform us that they had a closely related manuscript under consideration at Clinical Infectious Diseases(2) and did not cite the related material in their submission. Had we been aware of the impending publication in Clinical Infectious Diseases we may have deemed the report submitted to Annals to contain too little new information to be appropriate for us to publish. The important observations regarding the fatality rate, the rapid progression from diagnosis to death, and the apparent absence of transmission to close contacts were all included in the Clinical Infectious Diseases report. Because the Annals report includes a few additional details about the fatal cases in this ongoing outbreak, we thought it best to inform readers of the closely related prior report but not to retract the Annals report.

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