This chapter discusses the presence of Czernowitz on the web. It reveals that a Czernowitz-related internet mailing list was formed, due to people who were interested in genealogy and the search for ...
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This chapter discusses the presence of Czernowitz on the web. It reveals that a Czernowitz-related internet mailing list was formed, due to people who were interested in genealogy and the search for family roots and connections related to the Jewish community of Czernowitz. The chapter then discusses the “Czernowitz Reunion 2006,” stating that the participants went on different tours of Transnistria, and also provides some of the participants' impressions of the trip.Less

The Persistence of Czernowitz

Marianne Hirsch

Published in print: 2010-01-19

This chapter discusses the presence of Czernowitz on the web. It reveals that a Czernowitz-related internet mailing list was formed, due to people who were interested in genealogy and the search for family roots and connections related to the Jewish community of Czernowitz. The chapter then discusses the “Czernowitz Reunion 2006,” stating that the participants went on different tours of Transnistria, and also provides some of the participants' impressions of the trip.

In modern-day Ukraine, east of the Carpathian Mountains, there is an invisible city. Known as Czernowitz, the “Vienna of the East” under the Habsburg empire, this vibrant Jewish-German Eastern ...
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In modern-day Ukraine, east of the Carpathian Mountains, there is an invisible city. Known as Czernowitz, the “Vienna of the East” under the Habsburg empire, this vibrant Jewish-German Eastern European culture vanished after World War II, yet an idealized version lives on, suspended in the memories of its dispersed people and passed down to their children like a precious and haunted heirloom. In this original blend of history and communal memoir, the authors chronicle the city's survival in personal, familial, and cultural memory. They find not only evidence of a cosmopolitan culture of nostalgic lore, but also of oppression, shattered promises, and shadows of the Holocaust in Romania. Their book presents a historical account of Jewish Czernowitz and offers an analysis of memory's echo across generations.Less

Ghosts of Home : The Afterlife of Czernowitz in Jewish Memory

Marianne HirschLeo Spitzer

Published in print: 2010-01-19

In modern-day Ukraine, east of the Carpathian Mountains, there is an invisible city. Known as Czernowitz, the “Vienna of the East” under the Habsburg empire, this vibrant Jewish-German Eastern European culture vanished after World War II, yet an idealized version lives on, suspended in the memories of its dispersed people and passed down to their children like a precious and haunted heirloom. In this original blend of history and communal memoir, the authors chronicle the city's survival in personal, familial, and cultural memory. They find not only evidence of a cosmopolitan culture of nostalgic lore, but also of oppression, shattered promises, and shadows of the Holocaust in Romania. Their book presents a historical account of Jewish Czernowitz and offers an analysis of memory's echo across generations.

What would happen if two survivors of deportation or displacement from Czernowitz returned to the city? This chapter narrates the thoughts and feelings of two such survivors, Carl and Lotte Hirsch. ...
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What would happen if two survivors of deportation or displacement from Czernowitz returned to the city? This chapter narrates the thoughts and feelings of two such survivors, Carl and Lotte Hirsch. It reveals that, like other refugees or exiles, the Hirschs could recollect both positive and negative memories as they walked down the streets of the city they once called home. The chapter then contrasts the Hirschs' memories with those of Rosa Roth Zuckerman, the only member of Carl's family who remained in the city after the Soviet invasion.Less

“Where are you from?”

Marianne Hirsch

Published in print: 2010-01-19

What would happen if two survivors of deportation or displacement from Czernowitz returned to the city? This chapter narrates the thoughts and feelings of two such survivors, Carl and Lotte Hirsch. It reveals that, like other refugees or exiles, the Hirschs could recollect both positive and negative memories as they walked down the streets of the city they once called home. The chapter then contrasts the Hirschs' memories with those of Rosa Roth Zuckerman, the only member of Carl's family who remained in the city after the Soviet invasion.

This chapter introduces the “idea of Czernowitz,” which featured the adherence to German as its central ingredient. It examines the ideologues of Romanianization, which used the educational system as ...
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This chapter introduces the “idea of Czernowitz,” which featured the adherence to German as its central ingredient. It examines the ideologues of Romanianization, which used the educational system as the primary institutional medium to change the predominantly multiethnic Northern Bukowina into a province populated mostly by Romanians. The chapter then discusses the Jewish resistance to Romanianization and Romanian anti-Semitism. It also studies the story of “Die Buche,” which symbolized the unexpected changes of Bukowina's German-Jewish culture during the interwar period.Less

The Idea of Czernowitz

Marianne Hirsch

Published in print: 2010-01-19

This chapter introduces the “idea of Czernowitz,” which featured the adherence to German as its central ingredient. It examines the ideologues of Romanianization, which used the educational system as the primary institutional medium to change the predominantly multiethnic Northern Bukowina into a province populated mostly by Romanians. The chapter then discusses the Jewish resistance to Romanianization and Romanian anti-Semitism. It also studies the story of “Die Buche,” which symbolized the unexpected changes of Bukowina's German-Jewish culture during the interwar period.

This chapter discusses the events that occurred in Czernowitz before and during the early years of the Second World War, describing the situation of many university students due to the developing ...
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This chapter discusses the events that occurred in Czernowitz before and during the early years of the Second World War, describing the situation of many university students due to the developing anti-Semitism in Romania and in other European countries. It examines the Hitler–Stalin pact and the events that led to the Second World War, and then looks at the radical ideological shifts that occurred in Czernowitz in 1940. The chapter describes the effects of these changes on the daily lives of the Czernowitz Jews, discusses the Soviet annexation, and addresses the question of how soon one became aware of—or victimized by—the oppression, deceptiveness, and corruption of the Soviet regime. Finally, the chapter presents the accounts of several refugees who were deported from Czernowitz in 1941.Less

“Are we really in the Soviet Union?”

Marianne Hirsch

Published in print: 2010-01-19

This chapter discusses the events that occurred in Czernowitz before and during the early years of the Second World War, describing the situation of many university students due to the developing anti-Semitism in Romania and in other European countries. It examines the Hitler–Stalin pact and the events that led to the Second World War, and then looks at the radical ideological shifts that occurred in Czernowitz in 1940. The chapter describes the effects of these changes on the daily lives of the Czernowitz Jews, discusses the Soviet annexation, and addresses the question of how soon one became aware of—or victimized by—the oppression, deceptiveness, and corruption of the Soviet regime. Finally, the chapter presents the accounts of several refugees who were deported from Czernowitz in 1941.

This chapter continues the discussion of the relocation of the Czernowitz Jews, beginning by discussing the historical significance of the Pruth River, as it served as a symbolic border for the ...
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This chapter continues the discussion of the relocation of the Czernowitz Jews, beginning by discussing the historical significance of the Pruth River, as it served as a symbolic border for the Bukowina Jews. It then relates the atmosphere that enveloped Bukowina after the war ended and the liberation of Chernovtsy, and then studies the sense of blockage in 1944 and 1945, determining whether it led to feelings of hopelessness among the Czernowitz Jews. Finally, the chapter narrates the travels of the Jews from Southern Bukowina to Romania.Less

“This was once my home”

Marianne Hirsch

Published in print: 2010-01-19

This chapter continues the discussion of the relocation of the Czernowitz Jews, beginning by discussing the historical significance of the Pruth River, as it served as a symbolic border for the Bukowina Jews. It then relates the atmosphere that enveloped Bukowina after the war ended and the liberation of Chernovtsy, and then studies the sense of blockage in 1944 and 1945, determining whether it led to feelings of hopelessness among the Czernowitz Jews. Finally, the chapter narrates the travels of the Jews from Southern Bukowina to Romania.

Brenner stayed in Lvov for about a year, doing typesetting and editorial work. He wrote quite a lot and published pieces in Hebrew and Yiddish. His play Erev uvoker (Evening and morning) and his ...
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Brenner stayed in Lvov for about a year, doing typesetting and editorial work. He wrote quite a lot and published pieces in Hebrew and Yiddish. His play Erev uvoker (Evening and morning) and his novel Shana ahat (One year) were published in Hashiloah, the prestigious Hebrew journal edited by Bialik. He wrote one of his best novels, Min hameitzar (Out of the depths). He also started publishing Revivim, a series of anthologies. He enjoyed very friendly relations with the writer Gershon Schoffman and had a number of friends and associates who bestowed on him the warmth and companionship he yearned for. The idyll was disrupted by a vicious article published by Bialik, in which he ridiculed Hameorer and Brenner's ambition to become the cultural leader of the young modernist writers. Brenner was deeply hurt.Less

Lvov, 1908–1909

Anita Shapira

Published in print: 2014-12-17

Brenner stayed in Lvov for about a year, doing typesetting and editorial work. He wrote quite a lot and published pieces in Hebrew and Yiddish. His play Erev uvoker (Evening and morning) and his novel Shana ahat (One year) were published in Hashiloah, the prestigious Hebrew journal edited by Bialik. He wrote one of his best novels, Min hameitzar (Out of the depths). He also started publishing Revivim, a series of anthologies. He enjoyed very friendly relations with the writer Gershon Schoffman and had a number of friends and associates who bestowed on him the warmth and companionship he yearned for. The idyll was disrupted by a vicious article published by Bialik, in which he ridiculed Hameorer and Brenner's ambition to become the cultural leader of the young modernist writers. Brenner was deeply hurt.

This chapter presents a discussion on Jewish diaspora nationalism in the Bukovina. Czernowitz became a significant center of Jewish diaspora nationalism. Nathan Birnbaum was the principal organizer ...
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This chapter presents a discussion on Jewish diaspora nationalism in the Bukovina. Czernowitz became a significant center of Jewish diaspora nationalism. Nathan Birnbaum was the principal organizer of the first Yiddish Language Conference in Czernowitz. Max Diamant, originally a Zionist, became increasingly attracted by galut nationalism and the cause of the Yiddish language. He authored a legal treatise on municipal law and municipal electoral regulations in the Bukovina. He decided to submit the by-laws of the proposed Jewish theater association not in German or another of the languages officially recognized in the Bukovina, but in Yiddish and in Yiddish orthography. In addition, he emphasized religion as the central unifying cultural characteristic of the Jews of the East. The arguments put forward by Diamant, particularly his speech before the Imperial Court in Vienna, deserve wider recognition as an outstanding document of galut nationalism and a resounding defense of the Yiddish language.Less

Max Diamant and Jewish Diaspora Nationalism in the Bukovina⋆

Published in print: 2007-07-01

This chapter presents a discussion on Jewish diaspora nationalism in the Bukovina. Czernowitz became a significant center of Jewish diaspora nationalism. Nathan Birnbaum was the principal organizer of the first Yiddish Language Conference in Czernowitz. Max Diamant, originally a Zionist, became increasingly attracted by galut nationalism and the cause of the Yiddish language. He authored a legal treatise on municipal law and municipal electoral regulations in the Bukovina. He decided to submit the by-laws of the proposed Jewish theater association not in German or another of the languages officially recognized in the Bukovina, but in Yiddish and in Yiddish orthography. In addition, he emphasized religion as the central unifying cultural characteristic of the Jews of the East. The arguments put forward by Diamant, particularly his speech before the Imperial Court in Vienna, deserve wider recognition as an outstanding document of galut nationalism and a resounding defense of the Yiddish language.

Tolerated prostitutes were part of the Monarchy’s large under classes, which they moved into and out of during their careers. This chapter analyzes the background of tolerated prostitutes, how they ...
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Tolerated prostitutes were part of the Monarchy’s large under classes, which they moved into and out of during their careers. This chapter analyzes the background of tolerated prostitutes, how they entered the trade, and their movement into and out of brothels to argue that regulated prostitution was both contingent and permeable, revealing that brothel life could be a temporary or a long-term undertaking. It also demonstrates that tolerated prostitution was a multi-confessional, multigenerational, multinational, trans-Austrian enterprise. Those who participated in brothel prostitution commerce, from the women who sold their bodies, through the brothel keepers for whom they worked, and the procurers who helped them move from establishment to establishment, to the officials who sanctioned tolerated brothels, even the military, were familiar with the rhetoric of tolerated brothels as the form of prostitution that best protected public health and public morals.Less

Brothel Life : Tolerated Prostitutes, their Clients, the Madams, and the Vice Police

Nancy M. Wingfield

Published in print: 2017-07-06

Tolerated prostitutes were part of the Monarchy’s large under classes, which they moved into and out of during their careers. This chapter analyzes the background of tolerated prostitutes, how they entered the trade, and their movement into and out of brothels to argue that regulated prostitution was both contingent and permeable, revealing that brothel life could be a temporary or a long-term undertaking. It also demonstrates that tolerated prostitution was a multi-confessional, multigenerational, multinational, trans-Austrian enterprise. Those who participated in brothel prostitution commerce, from the women who sold their bodies, through the brothel keepers for whom they worked, and the procurers who helped them move from establishment to establishment, to the officials who sanctioned tolerated brothels, even the military, were familiar with the rhetoric of tolerated brothels as the form of prostitution that best protected public health and public morals.