Monday, September 10, 2012Exploradio: MS - Cause and cure unknownPeople are living longer and better with MS, but finding a cure or even a cause of the disease remains elusiveby WKSU's JEFF ST. CLAIRThis story is part of a special series.

Reporter / HostJeff St. Clair

Dr. Daniel Ontaneda is a researcher at the Mellen Center at the Cleveland Clinic. He's developing advanced techniques for early detection of MS, and studying the role of Vitamin D in treating the auto-immune disease.

From untreatable to manageableThe Oak Clinic in Uniontown was designed specifically for people like head nurse Patti Blake. A bout of multiple sclerosis left her wheelchair bound 30 years ago.

She recalls the day that her life as a young nursing student suddenly changed, “I went from walking to not walking. I had a major MS exacerbation, I lost all feeling below the waist, I lost all function below the waist; I went partially blind in one eye.”

Her doctor told her to quit school, go home, get on disability… there was no treatment. But Blake ignored the doctor’s advice. She finished school and a decade ago helped found the Oak Clinic, one of a handful of independent charities nationwide dedicated solely to treating MS.

Blake says great strides in treating MS have been made since it struck her three decades ago. Doctors now have an arsenal of drugs to delay the symptoms and advanced diagnostic techniques to catch it before a crisis hits.

The vitamin D linkMS attacks nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Like stripping the insulation off an electrical wire, in MS, the body’s own defenses strip nerve cells of their protective sheath. It’s an auto-immune disease that leaves people with everything from numbness to total paralysis.

The cause remains a mystery, but Ontaneda is studying one important clue.

“People in northern hemispheres tend to have more MS, and the higher you go up in latitude, the more and more MS you find.”

He says MS is rare near the equator, but common in Canada. That’s because sunshine creates vitamin D in your body, and Ontaneda says a vitamin D deficiency is linked to MS.

But mega-dosing patients with vitamin D has shown mixed results.

“It remains to be seen if vitamin D has an effect on neuro-degeneration itself, I think it does based on the gray matter data from several cohort studies, but we still have to prove that.”

Stem-cell therapy In another part of the Mellen Center, Dr. Jeffrey Cohen is enlisting people’s own healing arsenal to fight MS. His secret weapon is a rare cell found inside our bones. Cohen says mesenchymal stem cells comprise half of a percent of the cells inside the bone marrow, the rest are the cells that give rise to the blood cells.

Cohen and his team developed a technique to harvest these stem cells, and grow them. He then injects them back into the body, and -- like the miniature aquanauts in 1960’s movie “The Fantastic Voyage,” Cohen’s mesenchymal cells find their way to the brain, make repairs, and reduce the inflammation of MS.

He says the theraputic action of the mesenchymal stem-cells seem almost, "too good to be true." Cohen says they’re probably analogous to a cell that’s been known to pathologists for many years called pericytes that sit outside the blood vessels in the tissues in virtually all parts of the body.

His theory is that mesenchymal stem-cell trigger the pericytes to send out growth factors to heal the damaged nerve cells. Cohen has tested only 18 people in the first phase of the study, but says the results are encouraging.

Still, even if it works as well as expected, it could be 5 to 10 years before stem-cell therapy will be widely available.

Patti Blake, at Uniontown’s Oak Clinic, sees the progress made in one of her patients who is part of Cohen’s study. She says the hope of a cure, and identifying a cause of MS, keeps her going, and new medications and diagnoses make it so that today's MS patients, "don’t have to suffer like we did.”

Every hour, another person in the U.S. is diagnosed with MS. As the research advocate for the Ohio Chapter of the National MS Society, that’s a clock that Blake would like to see wind down.

Listener Comments:

As a client of the Oak Clinic it very calming and informative place to go for your treatment,and all of the staff are very understanding as well as professional.You learn a lot from all of the staff including doctors and nurses. Thank You! Posted by: Rhonda (Akron, OH) on September 27, 2012 2:09AM

Great story! Cleveland Clinic is amazing. Stem cell therapy sounds very promising. Autoimmune diseases are quite common, and often result in unnecessary inflammation in the body that can affect nerves, skin and even brain development. Hopefully we will soon learn the triggers for these autoimmune reactions, and how to soothe and ameliorate their effects.Posted by: Fred Pierre (Stow, OH) on September 11, 2012 2:09AM