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From the inaccessible depths of the terrestrial interior to the vast reaches of our galaxy, our planet and the natural systems surrounding it provide important clues to the course of our future. At MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences (EAPS), we persue research seeking to advance understanding of the fundamental controls on complex natural systems, and on the environmental challenges facing our world, while providing a new generation of scientific leaders with sufficient depth and breadth of knowledge to tackle the complex unsolved problems of our science.

Faculty and students work in a wide range of disciplines, including geology, geochemistry, geophysics, geobiology, atmospheric science, oceanography, astronomy and planetary science. The interdisciplinary nature of that research is a hallmark of the department; and, many faculty members work in more than one area. This gives EAPS the unique ability to tackle complex issues from local environments to planetary scales.

Faculty and students work in a wide range of disciplines, including geology, geochemistry, geophysics, geobiology, atmospheric science, oceanography, astronomy and planetary science. The interdisciplinary nature of that research is a hallmark of the department; and, many faculty members work in more than one area. This gives EAPS the unique ability to tackle complex issues from local environments to planetary scales.

Our alumni are important to us, and we encourage you to maintain your personal and professional ties with EAPS and MIT. There are many ways to get involved. Stop by Building 54 when you are in Cambridge, read our newsletters, EAPSpeaks and EAPS Scopeor join us for department events, including our annual receptions at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting and the Society for Exploration Geophysicists Annual Meeting. Take advantage of all the MIT Alumni Association has to offer by registering for an Infinite Connection account to use the online alumni directory and to set up e-mail forwarding for life. Whether you become active in a local MIT club or attend an alumni event in your area, you can remain connected with your peers and intellectually engaged with the Institute.

For decades, my family’s path traced the arc of the industry. Both my grandfathers mined anthracite. My father’s father died of black lung before I was born. My mother’s father lived long enough to get a pink slip, teach himself to repair TVs and radios and finally get a job on the Pennsylvania Turnpike. He often slept in a recliner because he couldn’t breathe in bed. He had black lung, too.

We faced economic challenges, but thanks to my father’s career as a state trooper, we had more security than most. Still, our neighbors’ struggles left a deep impression on me. When I hear coal-mining communities talk bitterly about a “war on coal,” I understand why they feel under attack. I know the deep anxiety born from years of watching their towns empty out and opportunity evaporate.

I was one of the people who left, in my case to pursue my passion for science. I was lucky: I became the first woman to head a science department at MIT, as well as the first woman to lead a NASA planetary mission.

As a daughter of coal country, I know the suffering of people whose fates are tied to the price of a ton of coal. But as a scientist, I know that we cannot repeal the laws of physics: When coal burns, it emits more carbon dioxide than any other fossil fuel. And if we keep emitting this gas into the atmosphere, Earth will continue to heat up, imposing devastating risks on current and future generations. There is no escaping these facts, just as there is no escaping gravity if you step off a ledge.

The move to clean energy is imperative. In the long run, that transition will create more jobs than it destroys. But that is no comfort to families whose livelihoods and communities have collapsed along with the demand for coal. We owe something to the people who do the kind of dangerous and difficult work my grandfathers did so that we can power our modern economy.

Fortunately, there are ways we can declare war on coal’s carbon emissions without declaring war on coal communities.

First, we should aggressively pursue carbon capture and storage technology, which catches carbon dioxide from coal power plants before it is released into the atmosphere and stores it underground. To be practical, advances in capture efficiency must be coupled with dramatic decreases in deployment costs and an understanding of the environmental impacts of storage. These are not intractable problems; scientific and technological innovations could change the game.

Next, we should look beyond combustion and steel production to find new ways to make coal useful. In 2015, 91 percent of coal use was for electrical power. But researchers are exploring whether coal can be used more widely as a material for the production of carbon fiber, batteries and electronics — indeed, even solar panels.

These avenues hold promise, but even if carbon capture becomes practicable and we expand other uses for coal, the industry will never come roaring back. Globally, coal’s market share is dropping, driven by a range of factors, including cheap natural gas and the rapidly declining costs of wind and solar energy.

That’s why we must also commit to helping the workers and communities that are hurt when coal mines and coal plants reduce their operations or shut down. Policymakers, researchers and advocates have proposed a range of solutions at the federal and state levels to promote economic development; help coal workers transition to jobs in other industries, including renewable energy; and maintain benefits for retired coal workers.

Helping coal country is an issue with bipartisan support. Still, to succeed, strategies such as these may require a champion who, like President Trump, has widespread support in coal country and can address skepticism from coal communities.

Eventually, the practice of burning coal and other fossil fuels for energy — especially without the use of carbon capture and storage technologies — will end. It has to. The question is whether we have the wisdom to end it in an orderly way that addresses the pain of coal communities — and quickly enough to prevent the worst impacts of climate change. Our choices will determine the future not just for coal country, but for all of us.