The structure of a commercial aircraft

A few experimental designs rely entirely on engine thrust to provide lift throughout the whole flight, including personal fan-lift hover platforms and jetpacks. Reducing the parts count makes the use of sandwich skin construction attractive, relative to conventional skin-stringer construction, whether metal or composites are being used.

Although more experience exists with MMCs than CMCs, both are in their infancy with regard to large-scale application. This is especially important for application to fuselage structure for penetration damage containment. Uncertainty regarding the integrity of bond lines made outside of cocuring facilities has mitigated against bonded joints.

Beyond more conventional metallic systems, research efforts in ordered alloys of the TiA1, Fe3A1, and Ni3A1 types should be substantially increased. Achieving reproducibility in fiber quality, matrix features, and composite behavior is essential before these promising materials can be considered to have reached a state of technology readiness.

Manufacturing technology programs conducted for composite structures by both the Air Force and NASA have proved to be of great benefit to our national competitive position. This research should include variable blended wing-fuselage-engine Page Share Cite Suggested Citation: Seaplane A seaplane is a fixed-wing aircraft capable of taking off and landing alighting on water.

Early kites[ edit ] Kites were used approximately 2, years ago in Chinawhere materials ideal for kite building were readily available.

Motor glider - a conventional glider or sailplane with an auxiliary power plant that may be used when in flight to increase performance. Powered paraglider or paramotor - a paraglider with a power plant suspended behind the pilot. Lifting bodies are not efficient: Components with roughly equal three dimensionality are candidates for woven preforms of fiber that may later be injected with resins in a liquid state.

Improved structural analysis methods capable of exploiting the computational power that will be available in the near future should be a high-priority objective of structural design research.

However, large stiff parts present fit-up problems if close tolerances are not maintained. The stiffeners break the buckling mode shapes into smaller wavelengths that require higher energy to form compared to a single wave 7 Another technique to provide more rigidity is sandwich construction.

This is much lower than the number of man-hours expended for metal parts. Fibers can be entirely of one constituent material or used in combination. Lockheed SR Blackbirda U. Stabilizer, elevators, flaps, and spoilers are also of composite sandwich construction on the latest Airbus models.

Cutaway drawing of the Hawker Hurricane 3 The biplane construction with wire bracing was the most notable feature of aircraft construction for much of the following years and paired nicely with lightweight materials such as bamboo and spruce Figure 3. It is important to emphasize that the research itself should often involve close and interdependent teaming of materials researchers, fabrication technologists, and structural designers.

Ground effect vehicle[ edit ] Main article: Compound rotorcraft have wings that provide some or all of the lift in forward flight.

Simply bonding two precured parts clearly does not produce an integrally stiffened structure. Cyclogyros rotate their wings about a horizontal axis. The Tu officially operated from toending after two crashes of the small fleet was outlived by its rival, the Concorde SST Mach 2.

Materials and Processes Metallics Metallic alloys continue to be used for more than 75 percent of most airframe and propulsion systems by weight. New aircraft types, such as the Bwere produced during the Cold War.

Classes of fixed-wing aircraft[ edit ] Main article: Ideally, in this manner it would be possible to design an entire fuselage without any internal rings or stringers and the Beech Starship is an excellent example of a successful application.

Research by NASA emphasizing composites with discontinuous reinforcements is recommended, based on the belief that such materials are likely to simplify fabrication.

This will be especially important as new failure theories are developed consistent with the way composite materials behave.

Powered parachute - a paraglider type of parachute with an integrated airframe, seat, undercarriage and power plant hung beneath. The viewpoint taken in this report is that as long as cure of one of the components being joined to another occurs simultaneously with the joining, the part is integrally stiffened.

Applications where weight savings, fatigue life, and corrosion resistance override cost considerations have been limited VTOL and combat aircraft.Civil aircraft divide into commercial and general types, however there are some overlaps.

Commercial aircraft include types designed for scheduled and charter airline flights, carrying passengers, mail and other cargo. The larger passenger-carrying types are the airliners, the largest of which are wide-body aircraft. Basic Aircraft Structure Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.

If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. A Brief History of Aircraft Structures. On August 19, · In Composite Materials, As a result, the first generation of commercial aircraft that contain large proportions of composite parts, such as the Boeing Dreamliner and Airbus A XWB, are planned to enter service throughout the next years.

Read chapter 9 Materials and Structures: Prepared at the request of NASA, Aeronautical Technologies for the Twenty-First Century presents steps to help pr. The structure of an aircraft has been explained briefly in this assignment.

I am going to start my assignment with typical aircraft diagram. This assignment is particular based on commercial aircraft, emphasising various major structural components.

The major structural components refer to the primary structure of an aircraft. The world aircraft manufacturing Industry can be divided into Military & Space Aero-structure and commercial aircraft (Sedaei.S, ).

In the Figure 1, it shows the segments of world aircraft manufacturing industry.