..g., criminal justice or welfare) or relationships (e.g., family or friends). Research has also shown that pressure can facilitate treatment entry. However, few studies have assessed how pressure from different sources varies...

Probation officers' beliefs about the effectiveness of alcohol treatment

..Confrontation from multiple sources requires more focus, including confrontation from treatment peers, family members, the workplace, the legal system, social welfare workers, and medical professionals...

Psychiatric severity and spirituality, helping, and participation in alcoholics anonymous during recovery

..The findings suggest that individuals with higher psychiatric severity may need assistance from their peers or professional service providers to develop a spiritual life, serve as a sponsor for others, or complete the steps of AA...

..Helping others is evident in the philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous, and is emphasized in formal treatment. However, helping among recovering alcoholics has not been studied, in part because of a lack of helping measures...