This will effectively "target" `-crf 23`, but if the output were to exceed 1 MBit/s, the encoder would increase the CRF to prevent bitrate spikes.

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This will effectively "target" `-crf 23`, but if the output were to exceed 1 MBit/s, the encoder would increase the CRF to prevent bitrate spikes. However, be aware that `libx264` does not strictly control the maximum bit rate as you specified (the maximum bit rate may be well over 1M for the above file). To reach a perfect maximum bit rate, use two-pass.

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In another example, instead of using constant quality (CRF) as a target, the average bitrate is set. A two-pass approach is preferred here: