The White-tailed Deer

Transcription

1 Photo courtesy of The White-tailed Deer Native to Michigan, the White-tailed deer is a remarkable creature. It plays an essential role in the health of our natural communities. For many Michiganders, the white-tailed deer represents our fascinating relationship to wildlife and the increasing importance of conservation.

2 Photo courtesy of In the early 1900 s less than 45,000 white-tailed deer remained in Michigan due to over-hunting and poor management practices. Over-harvesting of the white-tailed deer s natural predators took place at a much more destructive pace. As the result of improved wildlife management, and the increase in preferred habitat and food availability, white-tailed deer population estimates for Lower Michigan near 1 million with the largest herds living in Southern Lower Michigan. The natural predators of the white-tailed deer are slow to return to Southern Lower Michigan leaving a surplus deer population unchecked.

3 Lake Lansing North Park Home to a Hungry Bunch Evidence of white-tailed deer overbrowsing: An absence of preferred species such as a number of wildflowers including orchids and lilies, and certain tree saplings in the undergrowth layer such as: Nothern Red Oak Sugar Maple Black Cherry Eastern White Pine Note these species are present in the canopy and understory of Lake Lansing North Park perhaps this reflects a time when they were not as heavily browsed. Or a dominance of non-preferred species such as Pennsylvania sedge, non-native species, and certain tree saplings in the undergrowth layer such as: Scotch Pine Norway Spruce Witch Hazel

4 What s Missing? Black Cherry Diversity of Forest Structure and Species? Red Maple Pennsylvania Sedge Can you find a tree seedling? What will Lake Lansing North Park look like in 100 years?

5 Positive effects of sustaining a healthy population of Michigan s White-tailed Deer: Deer are a highly visible animal favorable for recreational and educational wildlife observation for all ages White-tailed deer provide a valuable service to ecosystems as nature s landscapers by mowing, pruning, fertilizing, and distributing seeds in their droppings Having a healthy deer population brings hundreds of thousands residents out of the house to participate in different types of outdoor recreation; playing a valuable role in Michigan s economy Fun Facts Deer can run at speeds up to 35 miles per hour over a short distance and can jump over 8ft off the ground Contrary to popular belief; a buck s antlers give no indication of age or size but rather indicate overall health and nourishment A healthy doe can birth 2-3 fawns every spring/early summer Deer consume a large variety of plants, fruits, and nuts; changing its preferences with the changing seasons

6 Negative effects of an overpopulation of Michigan s White-tailed Deer: Overbrowsing of preferred plant species, limiting biodiversity and threatening the future of our forest communities Habitat loss for a number of animal species such as ground and shrub nesting birds and predators who rely on cover Disruption of the natural processes of a natural area by spreading invasive species such as garlic mustard Increased car/deer accidents resulting in property damage and increasing the risk of personal injury Increased risk of communicable disease transmission such as bovine tuberculosis posing a threat to other wildlife, livestock, and human health Sources of information presented in this project: MDNR: U.S. Forest Service: USDA APHIS: This message has been brought to you by Ingham County Parks and the Mid-Michigan Stewardship Initiative

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