History, Hardware, OS Concepts

Transcription

1 History, Hardware, OS Concepts :40 PM Notice about Midterm/Final: Mostly composed of short answers. And few factorial recall questions. Could also ask you about the assignments. No sample Midterm is provided, use the assignment questions to see sample of what the professor could ask. Assignments: Assignment 1, you could do on your own computer. Assignment 2 &3 needs VM. Assignment #1 is due on Friday May 20 th 2pm. Total of 50 marks, 20 answer 5 questions (4 marks each) 30 programming. Use GitLab to branch your assignment.

2 History :40 PM History Tanenbaum s Generations 5 generations. (bits of history questions) Vacuum Tubes (1945 ~ 1955) Transistors & Batch Systems (1955~1965) Integrated circuits & multiprogramming (1965 ~ 1980) -Mainframe generation / could shrink in size, manageable. Personnel Computers (1980 ~ present) -Where windows show up. Large organizations! Privately Owned 5)Mobile Computers (1990-Present) Prehistory = In the past computers were used for tax, how much money they owed etc. Charles Babbage: Responsible for fixing tables early 1800 s. He is the one who built mechanical computers, which needed parts to build. Because of the conflict he had with tool maker, it was never created, but completed mechanical computer would have weighed 4 tons, and calculated only polynomials. Babbage also thought of analytical engine, but did not workout with tool maker again. A demo of Charles Babbages difference engine: (Link) 1 st Generation: After Babbage, -Right after WWII. -Harvard created IBM -1 -Each computer was unique. -Mercury caused the machine to blow up -Inside the Computer(EDSAC): 2 nd Generation:

3 -Computers repeatable enough to sell it to other individuals. -Operators ran jobs, Programmers! Read and checked the coding. -Dawn of Batch Processing. 3 rd Generation: -Inventory Controlling, computers became smaller -IBM 360 -Multiprogramming comes in, split the memory for separation of work. -Time Sharing -MULTICS Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) is a timesharing operating system begun in 1965 and used until The system was started as a joint project by MIT's Project MAC, Bell Telephone Laboratories, and General Electric Company's Large Computer Products Division. (Taken from Multics History -Ken Thompson Unix 1969 Xenix created by Microsoft Programming Languange B 4 th Generation: -Size that you could sit on a desk -IBM PC came out, which is finally something you expect of modern computer. They needed an operation system. IBM contacted CMP for disk OS, where they rejected. - When rejected IBM contacted Bill Gates, who sold DOS to IBM -OS provides memory Protection -One person running one program at a time. -Xerox PARC create GUI, mouse, etc. -Folkore.org = history about how MAC. is made -GNU is not Unix, and is a group for free soft wares. 5 th Generation: Generally smaller computers ex) Blackberry

7 :40 PM Memory RAM Random Access! Read Only Memory (unhelpful nowadays) So we came up with EEPROM, which stands for electrically erasable prom able memory. asd Disk Apparatus (Read Only, Ignore the Write) This is head touch disk, crashes/fried if it touches. Suppose to float on top of disk. Apparatus of Tracks

The First Operating System Was Human CS 333 Professor Karavanic Lecture 1 1. What is an Operating System? Historical View 2. Course Information 3. What is an Operating System? Operating Systems Goals and

Operating Systems: Overview and Introduction Announcements: Assignment is assigned Easy, steep learning curve, fun!! Need to register for CCnet Midterm & final are CLOSED BOOK What are the Objectives of

Multiprogramming Computers don t really run multiple programs simultaneously; it just appears that way Each process runs to completion, but intermixed with other processes Process 1 6 ticks Process 2 Process

The Slide does not contain all the information and cannot be treated as a study material for Operating System. Please refer the text book for exams. Operating System Services User Operating System Interface

Four Components of a Computer System Operating System Concepts Essentials 2nd Edition 1.1 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne 2013 Operating System Definition OS is a resource allocator Manages all resources

Ref Page Slide 1/17 Learning Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Computer Data processing Characteristic features of computers Computers evolution to their present form Computer generations

Chapter 2: Instructions How we talk to the computer 1 The Instruction Set Architecture that part of the architecture that is visible to the programmer - instruction formats - opcodes (available instructions)

Fundamentals of Python: First Programs Chapter 1: Introduction Modifications by Mr. Dave Clausen Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Describe the basic features of an algorithm

Computer Operating Systems Introduction to Operating System (OS) A computer is a system composed of two major components: hardware and software. Hardware is the physical equipment. Software is the collection

Topics Operating System What is an OS? OS History OS Concepts OS Structures Introduction Let s Get Started! What is an Operating System? What are some OSes you know? Guess if you are not sure Pick an OS

Chapter 14 Operating Systems Ref Page Slide 1/54 Learning Objectives In this chapter you will learn about: Definition and need for operating system Main functions of an operating system Commonly used mechanisms

Introduction to computer:- Fundamental of digital computer A computer is an electronic device that has the ability to accept data, store data, perform mathematical and logical operations, and report the

An Introduc+on to Computers and Java CSC 121 Spring 2017 Howard Rosenthal Lesson Goals Learn the basic terminology of a computer system Understand the basics of high level languages, including Java Understand

Topics Operating System I What is an OS? OS History OS Concepts OS Structures Introduction Let s Get Started! What is an Operating System? What are some OSes you know? Pick an OS you know: What are some

CS 320 Ch. 16 SuperScalar Machines A superscalar machine is one in which multiple instruction streams allow completion of more than one instruction per cycle. A superpipelined machine is one in which a

Digital Revolution James Curry Before "I think there is a world market for maybe five computers." -- Thomas Watson, chairman of IBM, 1943. Microprocessor In 1971, researchers at Intel were able to shrink

1 INTRODUCTION Every computer needs an operating system to manage its memory, control its I/O devices, implement its file system and provide an interface to its users. Many operating systems exist, such

CSC258: Computer Organization Memory Systems 1 Summer Independent Studies I m looking for a few students who will be working on campus this summer. In addition to the paid positions posted earlier, I have

Microprocessors Von Neumann architecture The first computers used a single fixed program (like a numeric calculator). To change the program, one has to re-wire, re-structure, or re-design the computer.

CS 1: Intro to Systems Caching Martin Gagne Swarthmore College March 2, 2017 Recall A cache is a smaller, faster memory, that holds a subset of a larger (slower) memory We take advantage of locality to

OS Services & System Calls James Moscola Department of Engineering & Computer Science York College of Pennsylvania Based on Operating System Concepts, 9th Edition by Silberschatz, Galvin, Gagne Operating

NAME: DATE: PERIOD: 01) Definition of computers: HISTORICAL DEVICES 02) How is the term Analog used when representing data? 03) Answer the questions for the two devices used prior to the invention of the

Process Description and Control Chapter 3 Contents Process states Process description Process control Unix process management Process From processor s point of view execute instruction dictated by program

5 Computer Organization 5.1 Foundations of Computer Science Cengage Learning Objectives After studying this chapter, the student should be able to: List the three subsystems of a computer. Describe the

COMPUTER Great Inventions written by Bob Barton Computers Computers help society function in many vital ways, often without our being aware of them. Computers control traffic lights and factory operations.

Real instruction set architectures Part 2: a representative sample Some historical architectures VAX: Digital s line of midsize computers, dominant in academia in the 70s and 80s Characteristics: Variable-length

Modern Processor Architectures L25: Modern Compiler Design The 1960s - 1970s Instructions took multiple cycles Only one instruction in flight at once Optimisation meant minimising the number of instructions

Virtual Machines Background IBM sold expensive mainframes to large organizations Some wanted to run different OSes at the same time (because applications were developed on old OSes) Solution: IBM developed

OPERATING SYSTEMS & UTILITY PROGRAMS System Software System software consists of the programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices. Functions that system software performs include: