And I looked, and behold a white cloud, and upon the cloud
one sat like unto the Son of man, having on his head a golden crown, and in his
hand a sharp sickle. And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to
him that sat on the cloud, Thrust in thy sickle, and reap: for the time is come for thee
to reap; for the harvest of the earth is ripe. And he that sat on the cloud thrust in his
sickle on the earth; and the earth was reaped. And another angel came out of the temple
which is in heaven, he also having a sharp sickle. And another angel came out from the
altar, which had power over fire; and cried with a loud cry to him that had the sharp
sickle, saying, Thrust in thy sharp sickle, and gather the clusters of the vine of the
earth; for her grapes are fully ripe. And the angel thrust in his sickle into the earth,
and gathered the vine of the earth, and cast it into the great winepress of the
wrath of God. And the winepress was trodden without the city, and blood came out of the
winepress, even unto the horse bridles, by the space of a thousand and six hundred
furlongs.--Revelation 14:14-20

Sacred

Civil

Name of Months

Farm Season

Feast

1

7

Nisan -- Mar-Apr

Barley Harvest

Passover

2

8

Iyyar -- Apr-May

Barley Harvest

3

9

Sivan -- May-Jun

Wheat Harvest

Pentecost

4

10

Tammuz -- Jun-Jul

Grape Harvest

5

11

Ab -- Jul-Aug

Olive Harvest

6

12

Elul -- Aug-Sep

Dates-Figs Harvest

7

1

Tishri -- Sep-Oct

Early Rains

Tabernacles

8

2

Heshvan -- Oct-Nov

Plowing

9

3

Kieslev -- Nov-Dec

Wheat-Barley Sowing

10

4

Tebeth -- Dec-Jan

Winter Rains

11

5

Shebat -- Jan-Feb

Almond Bloom

12

6

Adar -- Feb-Mar

Citrus Harvest/Latter Rains

13

Adar Sheni

Intercalary Month

The steps taken in making a vineyard are described in
detail in Isaiah 5. The land must be fenced, the stones gathered out, the choicest
possible plants obtained. A winepress was cut in the rock, and a watch tower was built to
guard against intruders...In such a tower the owner's family will probably pass all the
grape season; during the vintage a large proportion of the people are to be found living
in the vineyards...When the vintage is over and the leaves turn sere and yellow, the
vineyards have a very desolate look. The failure of the vintage was looked upon as one of
God's terrible punishments, and a successful and prolonged vintage as a sign of blessing.

(Hastings' Dictionary of the Bible)

[Taken mostly from The New John Gill's Exposition of the
Entire Bible, and Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible, Jamieson,
Fausset and Brown.]

The wheat harvest, in the month Sivan,
answers to part of our May; a time of the year when the earth is covered with flowers.

____________________

Some parts of the land of Judah were famous
for vines, especially Engedi; hence we read of the vineyards of Engedi (see Armageddon).

____________________

Israel is compared to a vine, which the Lord
took out of Egypt and planted in the land of Canaan, where it took root and was settled:
"Thou hast brought a vine out of Egypt: thou hast cast out the heathen, and planted
it. Thou preparedst room before it, and didst cause it to take deep root, and it
filled the land.--Psalms 80:8,9

____________________

Lev 23:10 "ye shall bring a sheaf of the first-fruits
of your harvest unto the priest"--A sheaf, literally, an omer, of the first-fruits of
the barley harvest. The barley being sooner ripe than the other grains, the reaping of it
formed the commencement of the general harvest season. The offering described in this
passage was made on the sixteenth of the first month, the day following the first Passover
Sabbath, which was on the fifteenth (corresponding to the beginning of our April); but it
was reaped after sunset on the previous evening by persons deputed to go with sickles and
obtain samples from different fields. These, being laid together in a sheaf or loose
bundle, were brought to the court of the temple, where the grain was winnowed, parched,
and bruised in a mortar. Then, after some incense had been sprinkled on it, the priest
waved the sheaf aloft before the Lord towards the four different points of the compass,
took a part of it and threw it into the fire of the altar--all the rest being reserved to
himself. It was a proper and beautiful act, expressive of dependence on the God of nature
and providence--common among all people, but more especially becoming the Israelites, who
owed their land itself as well as all it produced to the divine bounty. The offering of
the wave-sheaf sanctified the whole harvest (Ro 11:16). At the same time, this feast had a
typical character, and pre-intimated the resurrection of Christ (1Co 15:20), who rose from
the dead on the very day the first-fruits were offered.

____________________

There were two harvests in the land, one a barley harvest,
which began at the passover, and the other a wheat harvest, which began at Pentecost.
According to the Jewish writers, the best fine wheat flour was at Mechumas and Mezonichah,
and the next to them was Chephraim, or Ephraim, in the valley.

The land also abounded with vines; the places most noted
were Lebanon, Eshcol, Engedi, Ashkelon, Gaza, and Sarepta; according to the above writers,
Cerotim and Hatolim were the first for wine, and the second to them were Beth Rimah and
Beth Laban in the mountain, and Caphat Sigmah in the valley; the wine of Sharon is also
highly commended by them.

According to Josephus, the country of Gennesaret furnished
with the best grapes and figs for ten months without intermission, and the rest of fruits
throughout the whole year. Figs and pomegranates, the spies brought with them when they
returned from searching the land, as well as grapes, are a specimen of the fruits of it.

The mount of Olives was famous for olive trees, and had
its name from thence; the whole land abounded with them, and though oil was so much in
common use with the Jews, they supplied their neighbours with it. It was usual also, as we
are told, for the ten tribes to send oil into Egypt; according to the Jewish doctors,
Tekoah was the first place for oil, and the second, Ragab, beyond Jordan; very probably
the same with Argob. (see Armageddon for discussion about valley of
Jehoshaphat and defeat of an army by the hand of God against those gathered at the place
of wine [En-gedi] and the place of oil [Tekoa].)

Besides the great quantities of honey produced by bees in
this country, there was much of another sort that dropped from trees, called wild honey,
the food of John the Baptist in the wilderness, (Matt 3:4). Pliny speaks of a sort of
honey which he calls "eloeomeli," or oil honey, which is said to flow from the
olive trees in Syria; but this honey here is generally thought by the Jewish writers to be
an honey which was made of the fruit of palm trees, frequent in this country, and
especially about Jericho; of which Josephus says, that the palm trees about Jericho, the
fatter of them (i.e. of the fruit of them) being pressed, emit a large quantity of honey,
scarce exceeded by any; and Maimonides says, that the honey spoken of in the law,
particularly in this place, is honey of palm trees, so Ben Melech; and it was not unusual
for people of other nations to make honey of the fruit of them. Herodotus reports, that
the Babylonians made honey out of palm trees; so the Arabs call honey of palm trees
"dibs, dibis, dipso," the same with the word here used; agreeably to which both
the Targums of Jonathan and Jerusalem paraphrase the words, "out of whose palm trees
honey is made."

____________________

Corn, wine and oil were the principal things the land
afforded for the sustenance of men; bread corn, the stay and staff of human life, and
which strengthens man's heart, and makes him fit for labour; wine, which is his drink, and
makes the heart of man glad and cheerful; and oil, which in these countries was used
instead of butter, and was fattening, and made the face to shine. The ingathering of these
fruits were at different times; the barley harvest first, the wheat harvest next, and
after that the vintage, and the gathering of the olives; and by means of rain in due
season they were favoured with each of these.

____________________

Deut 32.34 "Is not this laid up in store with
me." The fruit of the degenerate vine, its bitter clusters of grapes, and poisonous
wine; meaning the evil principles and practices of the apostate church, well known to God,
taken notice of by him, and laid up in his mind and memory; for both she and her sins will
come in remembrance before God, and will be brought to open view, and appear to have been
laid up by him, in order to be exposed at a proper time; see Rev 16:19 18:5; and so the
Targums interpret it of evil works: or this may be understood of the punishment of the
evil doctrines and practices of the antichristian church, the sentence of which God had
secretly passed in his eternal mind, and which he had in reserve, and in due time would
execute; it was drawn and signed by him, and, as he says,

"and sealed up among my treasures"; his
treasures of wrath, denoting the secrecy of it, and the sure and certain performance of
it, and the authority of Christ to execute it; to whom this sealed diploma is given, and
all judgment committed; and particularly this to judge the whore of Rome; and who, is able
to open the sealed book of God's purposes and decrees, and to accomplish them; and among
the rest those which relate to the utter ruin of antichrist, and the antichristian states:
so the Targum of Jerusalem, interprets it of the vengeance of the Lord, laid up for the
wicked;

"is not the cup of the judgment of vengeance mixed
and prepared for the ungodly sealed up among my treasures, to the day of the great
judgment?

it is true of the cup of the wine of the fierceness of the
wrath of God, or of the wine of the wrath of God poured out without mixture into the cup
of his indignation, which he will make great Babylon, and all the worshippers of the
beast, drink of.

And it came to pass after these things, that the
butler of the king of Egypt and his baker had offended their lord the king of
Egypt.

1. the butler--not only the cup-bearer, but
overseer of the royal vineyards, as well as the cellars; having, probably, some hundreds
of people under him.

2. baker--or cook, had the superintendence
of every thing relating to the providing and preparing of meats for the royal table. Both
officers, especially the former, were, in ancient Egypt, always persons of great rank and
importance; and from the confidential nature of their employment, as well as their access
to the royal presence, they were generally the highest nobles or princes of the blood.
(Jamieson, Fausset and Brown Commentary)

And Pharaoh was wroth against two of his officers,
against the chief of the butlers, and against the chief of the bakers. And he put them in
ward in the house of the captain of the guard, into the prison, the place where Joseph was
bound. And the captain of the guard charged Joseph with them, and he served them: and they
continued a season in ward. And they dreamed a dream both of them, each man his dream in
one night, each man according to the interpretation of his dream, the butler and the baker
of the king of Egypt, which were bound in the prison. And Joseph came in unto them
in the morning, and looked upon them, and, behold, they were sad. And he asked
Pharaoh's officers that were with him in the ward of his lord's house, saying,
Wherefore look ye so sadly today? And they said unto him, We have dreamed a dream,
and there is no interpreter of it. And Joseph said unto them, Do not
interpretations belong to God? tell me them, I pray you. And the chief
butler told his dream to Joseph, and said to him, In my dream, behold, a vine was
before me; And in the vine were three branches: and it was as though it
budded, and her blossoms shot forth; and the clusters thereof brought forth ripe
grapes: And Pharaoh's cup was in my hand: and I took the grapes, and pressed them
into Pharaoh's cup, and I gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand. And Joseph said unto him, This
is the interpretation of it: The three branches are three days: Yet within
three days shall Pharaoh lift up thine head, and restore thee unto thy place: and thou
shalt deliver Pharaoh's cup into his hand, after the former manner when thou wast his
butler...When the chief baker saw that the interpretation was good, he said unto Joseph, I
also was in my dream, and, behold, I had three white baskets on my head: And
in the uppermost basket there was of all manner of bakemeats for Pharaoh; and the
birds did eat them out of the basket upon my head. And Joseph answered and said, This is
the interpretation there of: The three baskets are three days: Yet within three
days shall Pharaoh lift up thy head from off thee, and shall hang thee on a tree; and the
birds shall eat thy flesh from off thee. And it came to pass the third day, which was
Pharaoh's birthday, that he made a feast unto all his servants: and he lifted up the head
of the chief butler and of the chief baker among his servants. And he restored the chief
butler unto his butlership again; and he gave the cup into Pharaoh's hand: But he hanged
the chief baker: as Joseph had interpreted to them.--Genesis 40:1-23

Everything was done in the king's
presence--the cup was washed, the juice of the grapes pressed into it; and it was then
handed to him--not grasped; but lightly resting on the tips of the fingers. (Jamieson,
Fausset and Brown Commentary)

The New Century Dictionary:

winnow [akin to wind, E. wind]

I. To free (grain, etc.) from chaff, refuse particles,
etc., by means of wind or driven air; fan; blow upon, as the wind does upon the grain in
this process; drive or blow (chaff, etc.) away by fanning; fig., to subject to some
process of separating or distinguishing (as, to winnow a mass of statements);
analyze critically; sift; separate or distinguish (as, to winnow truth from
falsehood, or the false from the true; to winnow out the facts in a case); also,
(chiefly poetic), to fan or stir (the air) as with the wings in flying; move or flap (the
wings) in flying; pursue (a course) with flapping wings in flying.

II. To free grain from chaff by wind or driven air; also,
to fly with flapping wings; flutter.

The ungodly...are like the chaff which the wind
driveth away.--Psalm 1:4

And after these things I saw four angels standing on the
four corners of the earth, holding the four winds of the earth, that the wind should not
blow on the earth, nor on the sea, nor on any tree. And I saw another angel ascending from
the east, having the seal of the living God: and he cried with a loud voice to the four
angels, to whom it was given to hurt the earth and the sea, Saying, Hurt not the earth,
neither the sea, nor the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in their
foreheads. And I heard the number of them which were sealed: and there were sealed
an hundred and forty and four thousand of all the tribes of the children of
Israel.--Revelation 7:1-4

____________________

The threshingfloor was on a prominence outside the city
and people would winnow their crops at night because there was a stronger breeze. One of
the Targums from the Old Testament states:

"behold he is winnowing the barley floor with the
wind which is in the night."

"The harvest in the Mother of Battles
has succeeded... the greater harvest and its yield will be in the time to come..."

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