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FILE -This March 20, 1944, file photo shows switchboard operators in London. An Associated Press investigation released in January 2013 found that millions of mid-skill, mid-pay jobs have disappeared over the past five years and have been replaced with technology. Peter Lindert, an economist at the University of California-Davis, does not believe workers are doomed to unemployment. With the right skills and education, Lindert, says, workers can learn to work with the machines. (AP Photo/File)

FILE -This March 20, 1944, file photo shows switchboard operators in London. An Associated Press investigation released in January 2013 found that millions of mid-skill, mid-pay jobs have disappeared over the past five years and have been replaced with technology. Peter Lindert, an economist at the University of California-Davis, does not believe workers are doomed to unemployment. With the right skills and education, Lindert, says, workers can learn to work with the machines. (AP Photo/File)