Vertical and horizontal conflicts within a country or a state do not always have to be settled through repressive measures, such as deploying military and/or police forces to bring a conflict to order, as they can also be settled through non-armed and non-violent approaches.

“The field of mediation and conflict resolution ranges from what we can do between two people in a family to what can happen between nations.” Prabha Sankaranarayan, the president and CEO of Mediators Beyond Borders International, said while addressing a workshop on peace and conflict mediation in Jakarta on Saturday.