Variation in outcomes is important

for populations

Variation in outcomes is important

for communities

Variation in outcomes is important

for evolution

And people are calling for examination of variation

To the extent that different biotic interactions are important contributors to different population dynamics within a species, variable interactions might be expected to be a powerful such source. - Joseph Travis 1996 AmNat

The full range of natural outcomes...may reveal far more about...ecological and evolutionary dynamics than does the average outcome. - Judith Bronstein 1994 TREE