Holnest parish church stands behind a wall and large gates close to the main road, the gates are the result of a mausoleum which used to stand in the churchyard.[4] This had been built in 1872 by John Samuel Wanley Sawbridge Erle-Drax as part of his preparations for his own funeral, but no provision was made for its upkeep and after his death and interment in 1887 it fell into disrepair and was later demolished.[5] A description of the building was given in 1906 by Sir Frederick Treves, who said it was "almost as large as the humble church" and "a gaudy building, in the Byzantine style, made up of grey and yellow stone, worried by much carving and enlivened by highly polished granite pillars, the rounded roof, which to be consistent should be of corrugated iron, is of lead.".[6]

The church, dedicated to the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, dates largely to the 14th and 15th centuries.[7] Largely left untouched by the Victorian restorers, it contains a number of interesting features, including a Jacobean pulpit, rare examples of Georgian pox pews with curved candle sconces above, an original medieval barrel-vaulted roof in the south aisle;[7] in June 2016, the Friends of Holnest Church was set up to support the Parochial Church Council in their efforts to maintain and restore the building and its grounds.[8] In October 2016, author and historian, Adrian Tinniswood, was announced as their patron.

Holnest Park House is an 18th-century listed building which has more recently been divided into flats, it was badly damaged by a fire in 2010.[9]

1.
Dorset
–
Dorset /ˈdɔːrsᵻt/ is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast. The ceremonial county comprises the county, which is governed by Dorset County Council. Covering an area of 2,653 square kilometres, Dorset borders Devon to the west, Somerset to the north-west, Wiltshire to the north-east, the county town is Dorchester which is in the south. After the reorganisation of government in 1974 the countys border was extended eastward to incorporate the Hampshire towns of Bournemouth. Around half of the lives in the South East Dorset conurbation. The county has a history of human settlement stretching back to the Neolithic era. The Romans conquered Dorsets indigenous Celtic tribe, and during the early Middle Ages, the first recorded Viking raid on the British Isles occurred in Dorset during the eighth century, and the Black Death entered England at Melcombe Regis in 1348. During the Second World War, Dorset was heavily involved in the preparations for the invasion of Normandy, the former was the sailing venue in the 2012 Summer Olympics, and both have clubs or hire venues for sailing, Cornish pilot gig rowing, sea kayaking and powerboating. Dorset has a varied landscape featuring broad elevated chalk downs, steep limestone ridges, over half the county is designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Three-quarters of its coastline is part of the Jurassic Coast Natural World Heritage Site due to its geological and it features notable landforms such as Lulworth Cove, the Isle of Portland, Chesil Beach and Durdle Door. Agriculture was traditionally the major industry of Dorset but is now in decline, there are no motorways in Dorset but a network of A roads cross the county and two railway main lines connect to London. Dorset has ports at Poole, Weymouth and Portland, and an international airport, the county has a variety of museums, theatres and festivals, and is host to one of Europes largest outdoor shows. It is the birthplace of Thomas Hardy, who used the county as the setting of his novels. Dorset derives its name from the county town of Dorchester, the Romans established the settlement in the 1st century and named it Durnovaria which was a Latinised version of a Common Brittonic word possibly meaning place with fist-sized pebbles. It is first mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in AD845 and in the 10th century the countys archaic name, the first human visitors to Dorset were Mesolithic hunters, from around 8000 BC. The first permanent Neolithic settlers appeared around 3000 BC and were responsible for the creation of the Dorset Cursus, from 2800 BC onwards Bronze Age farmers cleared Dorsets woodlands for agricultural use and Dorsets high chalk hills provided a location for numerous round barrows. During the Iron Age, the British tribe known as the Durotriges established a series of forts across the county—most notably Maiden Castle which is one of the largest in Europe. The Romans arrived in Dorset during their conquest of Britain in AD43, Maiden Castle was captured by a Roman legion under the command of Vespasian, and the Roman settlement of Durnovaria was established nearby

2.
Ordnance Survey National Grid
–
The Ordnance Survey National Grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude. It is often called British National Grid, the Ordnance Survey devised the national grid reference system, and it is heavily used in their survey data, and in maps based on those surveys. Grid references are commonly quoted in other publications and data sources. The Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system is used to provide references for worldwide locations. European-wide agencies also use UTM when mapping locations, or may use the Military Grid Reference System system, the grid is based on the OSGB36 datum, and was introduced after the retriangulation of 1936–1962. It replaced the previously used Cassini Grid which, up to the end of World War Two, had issued only to the military. The Airy ellipsoid is a regional best fit for Britain, more modern mapping tends to use the GRS80 ellipsoid used by the GPS, the British maps adopt a Transverse Mercator projection with an origin at 49° N, 2° W. Over the Airy ellipsoid a straight grid, the National Grid, is placed with a new false origin. This false origin is located south-west of the Isles of Scilly, the distortion created between the OS grid and the projection is countered by a scale factor in the longitude to create two lines of longitude with zero distortion rather than one. Grid north and true north are aligned on the 400 km easting of the grid which is 2° W. 2° 0′ 5″ W. OSGB36 was also used by Admiralty nautical charts until 2000 after which WGS84 has been used, a geodetic transformation between OSGB36 and other terrestrial reference systems can become quite tedious if attempted manually. The most common transformation is called the Helmert datum transformation, which results in a typical 7 m error from true, the definitive transformation from ETRS89 that is published by the OSGB is called the National Grid Transformation OSTN02. This models the detailed distortions in the 1936–1962 retriangulation, and achieves backwards compatibility in grid coordinates to sub-metre accuracy, the difference between the coordinates on different datums varies from place to place. The longitude and latitude positions on OSGB36 are the same as for WGS84 at a point in the Atlantic Ocean well to the west of Great Britain. In Cornwall, the WGS84 longitude lines are about 70 metres east of their OSGB36 equivalents, the smallest datum shift is on the west coast of Scotland and the greatest in Kent. But Great Britain has not shrunk by 100+ metres, a point near Lands End now computes to be 27.6 metres closer to a point near Duncansby Head than it did under OSGB36. For the first letter, the grid is divided into squares of size 500 km by 500 km, there are four of these which contain significant land area within Great Britain, S, T, N and H. The O square contains an area of North Yorkshire, almost all of which lies below mean high tide

3.
Districts of England
–
The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government. As the structure of government in England is not uniform. Some districts are styled as boroughs, cities, or royal boroughs, these are purely honorific titles, prior to the establishment of districts in the 1890s, the basic unit of local government in England was the parish overseen by the parish church vestry committee. Vestries dealt with the administraction of both parochial and secular governmental matters, parishes were the successors of the manorial system and historically had been grouped into hundreds. Hundreds once exercised some supervising administrative function, however, these powers ebbed away as more and more civic and judicial powers were centred on county towns. From 1834 these parishes were grouped into Poor Law Unions, creating areas for administration of the Poor Law and these areas were later used for census registration and as the basis for sanitary provision. In 1894, based on these earlier subdivisions, the Local Government Act 1894 created urban districts and rural districts as sub-divisions of administrative counties, another reform in 1900 created 28 metropolitan boroughs as sub-divisions of the County of London. Meanwhile, from this date parish-level local government administration was transferred to civil parishes, the setting-down of the current structure of districts in England began in 1965, when Greater London and its 32 London boroughs were created. They are the oldest type of still in use. In 1974, metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan counties were created across the rest of England and were split into metropolitan districts, in London power is now shared again, albeit on a different basis, with the Greater London Authority. During the 1990s a further kind of district was created, the unitary authority, metropolitan boroughs are a subdivision of a metropolitan county. These are similar to unitary authorities, as the county councils were abolished in 1986. Most of the powers of the county councils were devolved to the districts but some services are run by joint boards, the districts typically have populations of 174,000 to 1.1 million. Non-metropolitan districts are second-tier authorities, which share power with county councils and they are subdivisions of shire counties and the most common type of district. These districts typically have populations of 25,000 to 200,000, the number of non-metropolitan districts has varied over time. Initially there were 296, after the creation of unitary authorities in the 1990s and late 2000s and these are single-tier districts which are responsible for running all local services in their areas, combining both county and district functions. They were created in the out of non-metropolitan districts, and often cover large towns. In addition, some of the smaller such as Rutland, Herefordshire

4.
West Dorset
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West Dorset is a local government district and parliamentary constituency in Dorset, England. Its council is based in Dorchester, in 2006 the district was named 10th best place to live in the UK. In the Census 2001 West Dorset registered a population of 92,350, the population structure reflects the rural nature of the district. 52% of the population are female, the area is a popular retirement area which also exports young people due the low choice of career options. This is reflected in the age structure, with 12. 3% of the population over 75,34. 4% of dwellings are pensioner households, compared to 23. 8% in England. The district is an example of the low ethnic minority populations in areas, with 96. 7% white British ethnicity. The district has a level of car ownership, at 83. 1% of households compared to 73. 2% in England. West Dorset is a county constituency, currently represented in the British House of Commons by the Conservative front-bencher Oliver Letwin, elections in this constituency are usually a two-party contest between the Conservative and Liberal Democrat parties. The main settlements in West Dorset are Dorchester, Sherborne and Bridport, Dorchester is in the south of the district and is the county town of Dorset. It has been an important settlement since Roman times, Sherborne is in the north of the district and is an important market town which was, for a time, the capital of Wessex. Bridport is in the west of the district and is popular with visiting the Jurassic Coast. Settlements with a population over 2,500 are in bold

5.
Regions of England
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The regions are the highest tier of sub-national division in England. Between 1994 and 2011, nine regions had officially devolved functions within Government, while they no longer fulfil this role, they continue to be used for statistical and some administrative purposes. They define areas for the purposes of elections to the European Parliament, Eurostat also uses them to demarcate first level Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics regions within the European Union. The regions generally follow the boundaries of the former standard regions, the London region has a directly elected Mayor and Assembly. Six regions have local authority leaders boards to assist with correlating the headline policies of local authorities, the remaining two regions no longer have any administrative functions, having abolished their regional local authority leaders boards. In 1998, regional chambers were established in the eight regions outside of London, the regions also had an associated Government Office with some responsibility for coordinating policy, and, from 2007, a part-time regional minister within the Government. House of Commons regional Select Committees were established in 2009, Regional ministers were not reappointed by the incoming Coalition Government, and the Government Offices were abolished in 2011. Regional development agencies were public bodies established in all nine regions in 1998 to promote economic development and they had certain delegated functions, including administering European Union regional development funds, and received funding the central government as well. After about 500 AD, England comprised seven Anglo-Saxon territories – Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, the boundaries of some of these, which later unified as the Kingdom of England, roughly coincide with those of modern regions. During Oliver Cromwells Protectorate in the 1650s, the rule of the Major-Generals created 10 regions in England, proposals for administrative regions within England were mooted by the British government prior to the First World War. In 1912 the Third Home Rule Bill was passing through parliament, the Bill was expected to introduce a devolved parliament for Ireland, and as a consequence calls were made for similar structures to be introduced in Great Britain or Home Rule All Round. On 12 September the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, within England, he suggested that London, Lancashire, Yorkshire, and the Midlands would make natural regions. While the creation of regional parliaments never became official policy, it was for a widely anticipated. In 1946 nine standard regions were set up, in central government bodies, statutory undertakings. However, these had declined in importance by the late 1950s, creation of some form of provinces or regions for England was an intermittent theme of post-Second World War British governments. The Redcliffe-Maud Report proposed the creation of eight provinces in England, one-fifth of the advisory councils would be nominees from central government. The boundaries suggested were the eight now existing for economic planning purposes, a minority report by Lord Crowther-Hunt and Alan T. Peacock suggested instead seven regional assemblies and governments within Great Britain, some elements of regional development and economic planning began to be established in England from the mid-1960s onwards

6.
South West England
–
South West England is one of nine official regions of England. It is the largest in area, covering 9,200 square miles, five million people live in South West England. The region includes the West Country and much of the ancient kingdom of Wessex, other major urban centres include Plymouth, Swindon, Gloucester, Cheltenham, Exeter, Bath, Torbay, and the South East Dorset conurbation. There are eight cities, Salisbury, Bath, Wells, Bristol, Gloucester, Exeter, Plymouth and it includes two entire national parks, Dartmoor and Exmoor, and four World Heritage Sites, including Stonehenge and the Jurassic Coast. The northern part of Gloucestershire, near Chipping Campden, is as close to the Scottish border as it is to the tip of Cornwall, the region has by far the longest coastline in England and many seaside fishing towns. The region is at the first-level of NUTS for Eurostat purposes, key data and facts about the region are produced by the South West Observatory. Following the abolition of the South West Regional Assembly and Government Office, the region is known for its rich folklore, including the legend of King Arthur and Glastonbury Tor, as well as its traditions and customs. Cornwall has its own language, Cornish, and some regard it as a Celtic nation, the South West of England is known for Cheddar cheese, which originated in the Somerset village of Cheddar, Devon cream teas, crabs, Cornish pasties, and cider. It is also home to the Eden Project, Aardman Animations, the Glastonbury Festival, most of the region is located on the South West Peninsula, between the English Channel and Bristol Channel. It has the longest coastline of all the English regions, totalling over 700 miles, much of the coast is now protected from further substantial development because of its environmental importance, which contributes to the region’s attractiveness to tourists and residents. Geologically the region is divided into the largely igneous and metamorphic west and sedimentary east, Cornwall and West Devons landscape is of rocky coastline and high moorland, notably at Bodmin Moor and Dartmoor. These are due to the granite and slate that underlie the area, the highest point of the region is High Willhays, at 2,038 feet, on Dartmoor. In North Devon the slates of the west and limestones of the east meet at Exmoor National Park, the variety of rocks of similar ages seen here have led to the countys name being lent to that of the Devonian period. The east of the region is characterised by wide, flat clay vales and chalk, the vales, with good irrigation, are home to the regions dairy agriculture. The Blackmore Vale was Thomas Hardys Vale of the Little Dairies, another and these downs are the principal area of arable agriculture in the region. Limestone is also found in the region, at the Cotswolds, Quantock Hills and Mendip Hills, all of the principal rock types can be seen on the Jurassic Coast of Dorset and East Devon, where they document the entire Mesozoic era from west to east. The climate of South West England is classed as oceanic according to the Köppen climate classification, the oceanic climate typically experiences cool winters with warmer summers and precipitation all year round, with more experienced in winter. Annual rainfall is about 1,000 millimetres and up to 2,000 millimetres on higher ground, summer maxima averages range from 18 °C to 22 °C and winter minimum averages range from 1 °C to 4 °C across the south-west

7.
Countries of the United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom comprises four countries, England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Within the United Kingdom, a sovereign state, Northern Ireland, Scotland. England, comprising the majority of the population and area of the United Kingdom, England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales are not themselves listed in the International Organization for Standardization list of countries. However the ISO list of the subdivisions of the UK, compiled by British Standards, Northern Ireland, in contrast, is described as a province in the same lists. Each has separate governing bodies for sports and compete separately in many international sporting competitions. Northern Ireland also forms joint All-Island sporting bodies with the Republic of Ireland for most sports, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man are dependencies of the Crown and are not part of the UK. Similarly, the British overseas territories, remnants of the British Empire, are not part of the UK, southern Ireland left the United Kingdom under the Irish Free State Constitution Act 1922. * Figures for GVA do not include oil and gas revenues generated beyond the UKs territorial waters, various terms have been used to describe England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Wales was described as the country, principality, and dominion of Wales, outside Wales, England was not given a specific name or term. The Laws in Wales Acts have subsequently been repealed, the Acts of Union 1707 refer to both England and Scotland as a part of a united kingdom of Great Britain The Acts of Union 1800 use part in the same way to refer to England and Scotland. The Northern Ireland Act 1998, which repealed the Government of Ireland Act 1920, the Interpretation Act 1978 provides statutory definitions of the terms England, Wales and the United Kingdom, but neither that Act nor any other current statute defines Scotland or Northern Ireland. Use of the first three terms in other legislation is interpreted following the definitions in the 1978 Act and this definition applies from 1 April 1974. United Kingdom means Great Britain and Northern Ireland and this definition applies from 12 April 1927. In 1996 these 8 new counties were redistributed into the current 22 unitary authorities, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are regions in their own right while England has been divided into nine regions. The official term rest of the UK is used in Scotland, for example in export statistics and this term is also used in the context of potential Scottish independence to mean the UK without Scotland. The alternative term Home Nations is sometimes used in sporting contexts, the second, or civic group, contained the items about feeling British, respecting laws and institutions, speaking English, and having British citizenship. Contrariwise, in Scotland and Wales there was a much stronger identification with each country than with Britain, studies and surveys have reported that the majority of the Scots and Welsh see themselves as both Scottish/Welsh and British though with some differences in emphasis. The propensity for nationalistic feeling varies greatly across the UK, and can rise and it reported that 37% of people identified as British, whilst 29% identified as Irish and 24% identified as Northern Irish

8.
England
–
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west, the Irish Sea lies northwest of England and the Celtic Sea lies to the southwest. England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east, the country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain in its centre and south, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly, and the Isle of Wight. England became a state in the 10th century, and since the Age of Discovery. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the worlds first industrialised nation, Englands terrain mostly comprises low hills and plains, especially in central and southern England. However, there are uplands in the north and in the southwest, the capital is London, which is the largest metropolitan area in both the United Kingdom and the European Union. In 1801, Great Britain was united with the Kingdom of Ireland through another Act of Union to become the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom, leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the name England is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means land of the Angles. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages, the Angles came from the Angeln peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area of the Baltic Sea. The earliest recorded use of the term, as Engla londe, is in the ninth century translation into Old English of Bedes Ecclesiastical History of the English People. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, its spelling was first used in 1538. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, the etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars, it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. An alternative name for England is Albion, the name Albion originally referred to the entire island of Great Britain. The nominally earliest record of the name appears in the Aristotelian Corpus, specifically the 4th century BC De Mundo, in it are two very large islands called Britannia, these are Albion and Ierne. But modern scholarly consensus ascribes De Mundo not to Aristotle but to Pseudo-Aristotle, the word Albion or insula Albionum has two possible origins. Albion is now applied to England in a poetic capacity. Another romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, the earliest known evidence of human presence in the area now known as England was that of Homo antecessor, dating to approximately 780,000 years ago. The oldest proto-human bones discovered in England date from 500,000 years ago, Modern humans are known to have inhabited the area during the Upper Paleolithic period, though permanent settlements were only established within the last 6,000 years

9.
United Kingdom
–
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state‍—‌the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government

10.
Dorset Police
–
Dorset Police is the territorial police force responsible for policing the English county of Dorset in the south-west of England. Dorset County Constabulary was formed in 1855, on 1 October 1967 it merged with Bournemouth Borough Police to form Dorset and Bournemouth Constabulary. On 1 April 1974 this force took over some areas from Hampshire Constabulary, in 1965, Dorset County Constabulary had an establishment of 544 and an actual strength of 466. 51% of Dorsets 687,000 Population reside in 5% of the area, within the tourist season this number rises by another 300,000. As of April 2008, the force was divided into two Divisions, Bournemouth and Poole Division and Dorset County Division and this restructuring is in line with force policy of recreating a Neighbourhood-led police force and matches up with the local councils wards, to monitor local statistics. Dorset Police often work with organisations to assist in emergencies, such as Dorset Search and Rescue who assist in the search. The Chief Constable is Debbie Simpson, the despartment is split into six sub-departments including, Child Protection Investigation, Scientific Support, Intelligence, Fraud Squad, Special Squad and HOLMES. Dorset Police is responsible for policing sections of 14 A roads including A338, A35, A350, A354, there are no motorways located within Dorset. Dorset Police have a total of ~450 vehicles, from 20 different manufacturers, the Dorset Police Ports Policing Unit is responsible for policing all designated and non-designated ports in Dorset, making sure that legislation is followed, particularly the Terrorism Act 2000. It also obtains any intelligence on smuggling and contraband, Ports in Dorset include Poole Harbour, Swanage Harbour, Portland Harbour, Weymouth Harbour, Christchurch Harbour and Bournemouth Airport. Dorset Police Marine Unit is responsible for policing the 89 miles of Dorsets coastline, Dorset Polices Armed Response Group is a 24/7 sub-department of the Operations department that responds to major and serious crimes where firearms are involved. The unit responds to incidents with the capability of firearms and Taser deployment and they are currently working hard to crack-down on imitation firearms. BMW X5s are the vehicle used by this unit in black or dark blue. Dorset Police has had a Dog Section since 1953, the unit is based in Eastern Division HQ in Ferndown, the unit comprises 1 Inspector,2 Sergeants and 18 Constables and almost 30 dogs, including German Shepherds, Labradors and English Springer Spaniels. On 29 June 2012 The Police Order 2012 came into effect and this order created the NPAS which became operational 1 October 2012. Dorset Police Headquarters, Winfrith, was home to the MD902 helicopter, until September the 26th 2014 when it was moved to Bournemouth international airport in Dorset on a permanent basis. Winfrith is also home to the Dog Section and is where new officers are trained, female officers wear a bowler hat, or a white bowler hat for traffic officers. When on duty officers wear black wicking T-shirts, and black combat trousers, Dorset Police no longer use the traditional police jumper, having favoured the black fleece with police written on the chest and back

11.
Fire services in the United Kingdom
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The fire services in the United Kingdom operate under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England and Wales, Northern Ireland, and Scotland. Emergency cover is provided by over fifty fire and rescue services, many FRS were previously known as brigades or county fire services, but almost all now use the standard terminology. They are distinct from and governed by an authority, which is the legislative, public and administrative body. Fire authorities in England and Wales, and therefore fire and rescue services, Scotland and Northern Ireland have centralised fire and rescue services, and so their authorities are effectively committees of the devolved parliaments. The total budget for services in 2014-15 was £2.9 billion. The devolved government in Scotland has an agency, HMFSI Scotland. This Act provided for centralised co-ordination of fire brigades in Great Britain,1947, Fire Services Act 1947 This Act transferred the functions of the National Fire Service to local authorities. Now repealed entirely in England and Wales by Schedule 2 of the Fire,1959, Fire Services Act 1959 This Act amended the 1947 Act, it dealt with pensions, staffing arrangements and provision of services by other authorities. It was repealed in England and Wales along with the 1947 Act,1999, Greater London Authority Act 1999 This act was necessary to allow for the formation of the Greater London Authority and in turn the London Fire and Emergency Planning Authority. In 2002, there was a series of fire strikes. In December 2002, the Independent Review of the Fire Service was published with the action still ongoing. Bains report ultimately led to a change in the relating to firefighting. 2002, Independent Review of the Fire Service published 2004, Fire and Rescue Services Act 2004, generally only applying to England and it came into force on 1 October 2006. The DfCLG has published a set of guides for non-domestic premises,2006, The Government of Wales Act 2006 gave the National Assembly for Wales powers to pass laws on Fire, promotion of fire safety otherwise than by prohibition or regulation. But does not prevent future legislation being passed by the UK government which applies to two or more constituent countries, There are further plans to modernise the fire service according to the Local Government Association. The fire service in England and Wales is scrutinised by a House of Commons select committee, in June 2006, the fire and rescue service select committee, under the auspices of the Communities and Local Government Committee, published its latest report. For example, where FRSs were historically inspected by HMFSI, much of this work is now carried out by the National Audit Office, Fire Control On 8 February 2010 the House of Commons Communities and Local Government Select Committee heard evidence on the Fire Control project. Called to give evidence were Cllr Brian Coleman and Cllr James Pearson from the Local Government Association, also giving evidence Matt Wrack from the Fire Brigades Union and John Bonney Chief Fire Officers Association

12.
Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom
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Emergency care including ambulance and emergency department treatment is free to everyone, regardless of immigration or visitor status. The NHS commissions most emergency services through the 14 NHS organisations with ambulance responsibility across the UK. As with other services, the public normally access emergency medical services through one of the valid emergency telephone numbers. This led to the formation of predominantly county based ambulance services, which gradually merged up and changed responsibilities until 2006, when there were 31 NHS ambulance trusts in England. Following further changes as part of the NHS foundation trust pathway, the commissioners in each region are responsible for contracting with a suitable organisation to provide ambulance services within their geographical territory. The primary contract for each area is held by a public NHS body, of which there are 11 in England. The service was operated before reorganisation in 1974 by the St Andrews’ Ambulance Association under contract to the Secretary of State for Scotland, the Northern Ireland Ambulance Service was established in 1995 by parliamentary order, and serves the whole of Northern Ireland. The Welsh Ambulance Service NHS Trust was established on 1 April 1998, there is a large market for private and voluntary ambulance services, with the sector being worth £800m to the UK economy in 2012. This places the voluntary providers in direct competition with private services, expenditure on private ambulances in England increased from £37m in 2011−12 to £67. 5m in 2013/4, rising in London from £796,000 to more than £8. 8m. In 2014−15, these 10 ambulance services spent £57.6 million on 333,329 callouts of private or voluntary services - an increase of 156% since 2010−11, in 2013, the CQC found 97% of private ambulance services to be providing good care. These private, registered services are represented by the Independent Ambulance Association, there are also a number of unregistered services operating, who do not provide ambulance transport, but only provide response on an event site. These firms are not regulated, and are not subject to the checks as the registered providers, although they may operate similar vehicles. There are a number of ambulance providers, sometimes known as Voluntary Aid Services or Voluntary Aid Societies, with the main ones being the British Red Cross. The history of the ambulance services pre-dates any government organised service. As they are in competition for work with the private ambulance providers. Voluntary organisations have also provided cover for the public when unionised NHS ambulance trust staff have taken industrial action, there are a number of smaller voluntary ambulance organisations, fulfilling specific purposes, such as Hatzola who provide emergency medical services to the orthodox Jewish community in some cities. These have however run into difficulties due to use of vehicles not legally recognised as ambulances, all emergency medical services in the UK are subject to a range of legal and regulatory requirements, and in many cases are also monitored for performance. This framework is largely statutory in nature, being mandated by government through a range of primary and secondary legislation and this requires all providers to register, to meet certain standards of quality, and to submit to inspection of those standards

13.
South Western Ambulance Service
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The South Western Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust is the organisation responsible for providing ambulance services for the National Health Service across South West England. On March 1,2011 SWASFT was the first ambulance service in the country to become a Foundation Trust, the Trust merged with neighbouring Great Western Ambulance Service on 1 February 2013. SWASFT serves a population of more than 5.3 million, the operational area is predominantly rural but also has large urban centres including Bristol, Plymouth, Exeter, Truro, Bath, Swindon, Gloucester, Bournemouth and Poole. The Trust’s core operations include, Emergency ambulance 999 services Urgent Care Services – GP out-of-hours medical care NHS111 call-handling and triage services Tiverton Urgent Care Centre. It is one of ten Ambulance Trusts providing England with emergency services and employs more than 4,000 mainly clinical and operational staff plus GPs. The Trust is one of the largest in England and it covers an area of 51,871 km and 827 miles of coastline. In 2015/16 approximately one in eight 999 calls to South Western Ambulance Service are treated over the telephone, hear and treat is 12. 7% of calls and means the patient receives clinical advice over the telephone. For 36. 4% of incidents the patients experience see and treat, in a further 7. 7% of incidents, the patient is taken to a non-emergency hospital department so that might mean a community hospital or minor injuries unit. The remaining incidents result in a patient being taken to an emergency department. SWASFT is the best performing ambulance service in the country for non-conveyance rates, in addition approximately 62% of patients taken to hospital are admitted – this is again the highest performance for an ambulance trust in the country. SWASFT place a lot of emphasis on patient experience and actively encourage feedback about its services - whether positive or negative, lessons learned from the feedback, and all improvements and changes, are reported to its Board of Directors. The Trust also engages with patients and the public at events and shows, the number of compliments received by the Trust in 2014/15 increased by 41% to 2,055. Complaints also rose by 20% to 1,268, the easiest way to contact the Trust is online at their website. In May 2014 the Trust won a contract to run a minor injuries unit at Tiverton and District Hospital

14.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation

15.
Civil parish
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In England, a civil parish is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and counties, or their combined form, the unitary authority. It is a parish, in contrast to an ecclesiastical parish. A civil parish can range in size from a town with a population of around 80,000 to a single village with fewer than a hundred inhabitants. In a limited number of cases a parish might include a city where city status has been granted by the Monarch. Reflecting this diverse nature, a parish may be known as a town, village. Approximately 35% of the English population live in a civil parish, as of 31 December 2015 there were 10,449 parishes in England. On 1 April 2014, Queens Park became the first civil parish in Greater London, before 2008 their creation was not permitted within a London borough. The division of land into ancient parishes was linked to the system, parishes. The manor was the unit of local administration and justice in the early rural economy. Later the church replaced the court as the rural administrative centre. After the dissolution of the monasteries, the power to levy a rate to fund relief of the poor was conferred on the authorities by the Act for the Relief of the Poor 1601. Both before and after this optional social change, local charities are well-documented, the parish authorities were known as vestries and consisted of all the ratepayers of the parish. As the number of ratepayers of some parishes grew, it increasingly difficult to convene meetings as an open vestry. In some, mostly built up, areas the select vestry took over responsibility from the body of ratepayers. This innovation improved efficiency, but allowed governance by a self-perpetuating elite, by the 18th century, religious membership was becoming more fractured in some places, due for instance to the progress of Methodism. The legitimacy of the parish came into question and the perceived inefficiency. Sanitary districts covered England in 1875 and Ireland three years later, the replacement boards were each entitled to levy their own rate in the parish. The church rate ceased to be levied in many parishes and became voluntary from 1868, the ancient parishes diverged into two distinct systems of parishes during the 19th century

16.
Counties of England
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Counties of England are areas used for the purposes of administrative, geographical, cultural or political demarcation. For administrative purposes, England outside Greater London and the Isles of Scilly is divided into 83 metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties and these counties may consist of a single district or be divided into several districts. As of April 2009,27 of these counties are divided into districts and have a county council, all of England is also divided into 48 ceremonial counties, which are also known as geographic counties. Most ceremonial counties correspond to a metropolitan or non-metropolitan county of the same name, the current arrangement is the result of incremental reform. Many of the counties have their origins in the Middle Ages, although the larger counties of Yorkshire, the geographic counties which existed before the local government reforms of 1965 and 1974 are referred to as ancient counties or historic counties. From 1889 to 1974 areas with county councils were known as administrative counties, from 1974 to 1996 the metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties, some of which were established only in 1974, corresponded directly with the ceremonial counties. For the purpose of sorting and delivering mail, England was divided into 48 postal counties until 1996, in these counties most services are provided by the county council and the district councils have a more limited role. Their areas each correspond exactly to ceremonial counties and they are Greater Manchester, Merseyside, South Yorkshire, Tyne and Wear, West Midlands and West Yorkshire. In these counties the district councils provide the majority of services, similarly, Berkshire is a non-metropolitan county with no county council and multiple districts and maps directly to a ceremonial county. Bristol, Herefordshire, Isle of Wight, Northumberland and Rutland are ceremonial counties consisting of a county of a single district. In total, there are 39 unitary authorities that do not share the names of any of the ceremonial counties, bedfordshire and Cheshire are counties that consist of a number of unitary authorities, none of which has the same name as the ceremonial county. The City of London and Greater London are anomalous as ceremonial counties that do not correspond to any metropolitan or non-metropolitan counties, large ceremonial counties often correspond to a single police force. For example, the four unitary authorities which make up Cheshire correspond to the area as the Cheshire Constabulary. Some counties are grouped together for this purpose, such as Northumberland with Tyne, in other areas a group of unitary authorities in several counties are grouped together to form police force areas, such as the Cleveland Police and Humberside Police. Greater London and the City of London each have their own forces, the Metropolitan Police Service. The fire service is operated on a basis, and the ambulance service is organised by the regions of England. Most ceremonial counties form part of a region, although Lincolnshire. Economic development is delivered using the regions, as is strategic planning, as of 2009, the largest county by area is North Yorkshire and the smallest is the City of London

17.
Blackmore Vale
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The Blackmore Vale is a vale, or wide valley, in north Dorset, and to a lesser extent south Somerset and southwest Wiltshire in southern England. The vale is part of the Stour valley, part of the Dorset AONB and part of the natural region known as the Blackmoor Vale and Vale of Wardour. The vale is delimited by the Dorset Downs, a ridge to the south, Cranborne Chase, chalk hills to the east. The River Stour flows out of the vale at Blandford Forum in the southeast, the river flows into the vale north of Gillingham. Due to the soils, land use is predominantly dairy farming. Until it was closed in 1998, Sturminster Newton livestock market was the busiest weekly livestock market in Britain. The vale, in particular the village of Marnhull, is the backdrop for Thomas Hardys Tess of the DUrbervilles, he also lived. William Barnes the poet lived in Sturminster Newton. Douglas Adams and Robert Boyle lived in Stalbridge for part of their lives, a Southern Railway West Country class steam locomotive, built in 1946 at Brighton Works as no. 21C123, carries the name of the Vale, however, it currently carries the more unusual spelling Blackmoor Vale, as it did when newly built. Media related to Blackmore Vale at Wikimedia Commons

18.
Sherborne
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Sherborne is a market town and civil parish in north west Dorset, in South West England. It is sited on the River Yeo, on the edge of the Blackmore Vale,6 miles east of Yeovil, the A30 road, which connects London to Penzance, runs through the town. In the 2011 census the population of Sherborne parish and the two wards was 9,523. 28. 7% of the population is aged 65 or older, much of the old town, including the abbey and many medieval and Georgian buildings, is built from distinctive ochre-coloured ham stone. The town is served by Sherborne railway station, the town was named scir burne by the Saxon inhabitants, a name meaning clear stream and is referred to as such in the Domesday book. Sherborne was made the capital of Wessex, one of the seven Saxon kingdoms of England, in 705 the diocese was split between Sherborne and Winchester, and King Ine founded an abbey for St Aldhelm, the first bishop of Sherborne. In 933, King Æthelstan granted land at Sherborne to the nuns of Shaftesbury Abbey under the condition that they would recite the Psalter once a year on All Saints day and say prayers for the king. The bishops seat was moved to Old Sarum in 1075 and the church at Sherborne became a Benedictine monastery, in the 15th century the church was burnt down during tensions between the town and the monastery, and rebuilt between 1425 and 1504 incorporating some of the Norman structure remains. In 1539 the monastery was bought by Sir John Horsey and became a conventional church, Sherborne was the centre of a hundred of the same name for many centuries. See the article Sherborne Abbey for more on the history of the abbey, in the 12th century Roger de Caen, Bishop of Salisbury and Chancellor of England, built a fortified palace in Sherborne. The palace was destroyed in 1645 by General Fairfax, and its ruins are owned by English Heritage, in 1594 Sir Walter Raleigh built an Elizabethan mansion in the grounds of the old palace, today known as Sherborne Castle. In the UK national parliament, Sherborne is within the West Dorset parliamentary constituency, in local government, Sherborne is administered by Dorset County Council at the highest tier, West Dorset District Council at the second tier, and Sherborne Town Council at the lowest tier. In national parliament and district elections, West Dorset is divided into 24 electoral wards. In county council elections, Dorset is divided into 42 electoral divisions, there has been a school in Sherborne since the time of King Alfred, who was educated there. The school was re-founded in 1550 as King Edwards grammar school, using some of the old abbey buildings, though it is now known simply as Sherborne School. The school remains one of the top independent schools in Britain, boasting numerous successful alumni, including Alan Turing, Jeremy Irons, Chris Martin, John le Carré, until 1992 there were also two grammar schools, Fosters School for Boys and Lord Digbys School for Girls. Both schools merged with local school to form The Gryphon School. Other well-established schools in the area include Sherborne Abbey Primary School, Sherborne Prep, Sherborne Girls, Sherborne International caters to international students

19.
Oxford Clay
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The Oxford Clay Formation is a Jurassic marine sedimentary rock formation underlying much of southeast England, from as far west as Dorset and as far north as Yorkshire. The Oxford Clay is of middle Callovian to lower Oxfordian age, the lower facies comprises the Peterborough Member, a fossiliferous organic-rich mudstone. This facies and its rocks are known as lower Oxford Clay. The upper facies comprises the middle Oxford Clay, the Stewartby Member, and the upper Oxford Clay, the upper facies is a fossil poor assemblage of calcareous mudstones. Oxford Clay appears at the surface around Oxford, Peterborough and Weymouth and is exposed in many quarries around these areas, the top of the Lower Oxford Clay shows a lithological change, where fissile shale changes to grey mudstone. The Middle and Upper Oxford Clays differ slightly, as they are separated by an argillaceous limestone in the South Midlands, the Callovo-Oxfordian Clay also occurs in the Paris Basin and it is a potential host formation to dispose high-level radioactive waste in France. The Oxford Clay is well known for its fossil record of fish. Many of the fossils are preserved, occasionally some are found exceptionally well preserved. Animals which lived in the Oxford Clay Sea include plesiosaurs, marine crocodiles, ichthyosaurs, cephalopods, bivalves, dinosaur eggs are stratigraphically present in the Lower Oxford Clay. Geographically, they are located in Cambridgeshire, England, indeterminate euornithopod remains stratigraphically present in the Lower Oxford Clay and geographically located in Cambridgeshire, England. Oxford Clay has a consistency and is soft and is often used in the making of roads. It is also the source of the Fletton stock brick of which much of London is built, for brick making, the Oxford Clay has the advantage of containing carbon which provides part of the fuel required in firing it so reducing the requirement for an external fuel source. Clay London Clay Weald Clay Cheltenham Clay List of fossil sites List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations Andrews, a Descriptive Catalogue of the Marine Reptiles of the Oxford Clay, Part I. British Museum, London, England,205 pp. Andrews, a descriptive catalogue of the Marine Reptiles of the Oxford Clay, Part II. M. J. Benton and P. S. Spencer, chapman & Hall, London 1-386 J. B. The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 68, 1-7 P. M. Galton, european Jurassic ornithopod dinosaurs of the families Hypsilophodontidae and Camptosauridae. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen 160, 73-95 D. M. Martill, a review of the terrestrial vertebrate of fossils of the Oxford Clay of England. Mercian Geologist 11, 171-190 Weishampel, David B, dodson, Peter, and Osmólska, Halszka, The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley, University of California Press

20.
Dorset County Council
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Dorset County Council is the county council of Dorset in England. It provides the upper tier of government, below which are district councils. The county council has 45 elected councillors and is based at County Hall in Dorchester, when councillors are elected they represent one of Englands major political parties or are independent. The Conservative Party currently have the highest number of councillors in the chamber, as such, the leader of the cabinet also represents the Conservative Party and can choose the cabinet members from the Conservative Party as well. The Liberal Democrats have the second highest number of councillors and the councillor is an independent. Following the 2013 Local Elections, the Conservatives hold 27 seats, Liberal Democrats 12, Labour 4, Dorset County Councils responsibilities include schools, social care for the elderly and vulnerable, road maintenance, libraries and trading standards. The county councils area is administered by six smaller authorities that have their own district or borough councils. The responsibilities of these councils include planning, council housing, refuse collection, sports and leisure facilities. The district areas are divided into civil parishes, which have parish councils or town councils. Typical activities undertaken by a parish council include maintaining allotments, footpaths, playing fields, on some matters, the county council share responsibilities with the district and parish councils. These include economic development and regeneration, emergency planning, tourism promotion, list of articles about local government in the United Kingdom United Kingdom local elections,2009 Dorset County Council

21.
United Kingdom Census 2011
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A census of the population of the United Kingdom is taken every ten years. The 2011 census was held in all countries of the UK on 27 March 2011 and it was the first UK census which could be completed online via the Internet. The Office for National Statistics is the office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department formed in 2008. ONS designs, manages and runs the census in England and Wales, the first results from the 2011 census, age and sex, and occupied households estimates for England and Wales and Northern Ireland, were released on 16 July 2012. The first results for Scotland, and the first UK-wide results, were published on 17 December 2012, more detailed and specialised data were published from 2013. The Registrar General John Rickman conducted the first census of Great Britains population, from 1911 onwards rapid social change, scientific breakthroughs, and major world events affected the structure of the population. The 1971 census was run by the newly created Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, in 1996 the Office for National Statistics was formed by merging the Central Statistical Office, OPCS and the statistics division of the Department of Employment, the first census it ran was in 2001. In 2008 the UK Statistics Authority was established as an independent body, a population census is a key instrument for assessing the needs of local communities. When related to data sources such as housing or agricultural censuses, or sample surveys. Most countries of the world take censuses, the United Nations recommends that countries take a census at least once every ten years, other organisations that use census data include healthcare organisations, community groups, researchers and businesses. The 2011 census for England and Wales included around 25 million households, people could complete and submit their questionnaire online, or fill it in on paper and post it back in a pre-addressed envelope. Guidance was provided online and through the census helpline, completed questionnaires were electronically tracked and field staff followed up with households that did not return a questionnaire. In these cases field staff delivered and collected questionnaires and, where needed, provided advice or assistance in completing the questionnaire, there was a legal requirement to complete the 2011 census questionnaire, under the terms of the Census Act 1920. As at 27 March 2011 everyone who had lived or intended to live in the country for three months or more was required to complete a questionnaire, failure to return a completed questionnaire could lead to a fine and criminal record. The contract is valued at £150 million, approximately one third of the total £482 million census budget, concerns were raised during contract negotiations that the US PATRIOT Act could be used to force Lockheed Martin to reveal census data to US authorities. The Cabinet Office state that Lockheed Martin will develop the systems used to process census data, neither Lockheed Martin UK nor any Lockheed Martin employee will have access to personal Census data. The Office for National Statistics stated that no census information will ever leave the UK or be seen by any American-owned company. Several groups called for a boycott of the census over the involvement of Lockheed Martin, including the Stop the War Coalition, and the Christian thinktank Ekklesia

22.
Lillington, Dorset
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Lillington is a hamlet and civil parish in north west Dorset, England, situated 3 miles south of Sherborne in the West Dorset administrative district. Dorset County Council estimate that the population of the parish was 50 in 2013. The underlying geology in Lillington is Forest Marble, which has produced soil rich in clay, the parish church is small and has a 13th-century nave. In 1605 Sir Walter Raleighs second son, Carew, was christened here, the barn next to the church has two porches and seven bays and also dates from the start of the 17th century

23.
Mausoleum
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A mausoleuma is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or people. A monument without the interment is a cenotaph, a mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb, or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. A Christian mausoleum sometimes includes a chapel, the word derives from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the grave of King Mausolus, the Persian satrap of Caria, whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large, however, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the gentry and nobility in many countries. In the Roman Empire, these were often ranged in necropoles or along roadsides, however, when Christianity became dominant, mausoleums were out of use. Later, mausolea became particularly popular in Europe and its colonies during the modern and modern periods. A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed, a mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within sarcophagi or interment niches, modern mausolea may also act as columbaria with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a cemetery, a churchyard or on private land, in the United States, the term may be used for a burial vault below a larger facility, such as a church. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and it is known as the crypt mausoleum. In Europe, these vaults are sometimes called crypts or catacombs. Mausoleum of Mohammed V Bourguiba mausoleum The Dr. John Garang De Mabior mausoleum in Juba, agostinho Netos Mausoleum in Luanda, Angola. Omar Bongos Mausoleum in Franceville, Gabon, kwame Nkrumah Mausoleum Marien Ngouabis mausoleum and Pierre Savorgnan de Brazzas mausoleum in Brazzaville, The Republic of Congo. Mausoleum of the late president Felix Houphouet-Boigny in Yamoussoukro, Côte dIvoire, laurent Kabilas mausoleum in Kinshasa, The Democratic Republic of Congo. The pyramids of ancient Egypt and Nubian pyramids are also types of mausolea, Abdel Nasser Mosque, is the Mausoleum of Gamal Abdel Nasser, in Cairo, Egypt. Unknown Soldier Memorial Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania Al Hussein Mosque, Cairo – Holy Shrine and mausoleum, Qalawun Mausoleum is the Mausoleum of Qalawun, Located in Cairo, Egypt, it was regarded by scholars as the second most beautiful medieval mausoleum ever to be built. Jedars - thirteen ancient monumental Berber mausoleums located south of Tiaret, Late President Eyademas Family Mausoleum in Kara, Togo. Kamuzu Banda Mausoleum, in Lilongwe, Malawi, Dr. Bingu wa Mutharika, President of Malawi built a mausoleum in which his late first wife and Bingu himself are buried

24.
Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet
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Sir Frederick Treves, 1st Baronet, GCVO, CH, CB was a prominent British surgeon of the Victorian and Edwardian eras, now known for his friendship with Joseph Merrick, the Elephant Man. Frederick Treves was born 15 February 1853 in Dorchester, Dorset, the son of William Treves, an upholsterer, as a small boy, he attended the school run by the Dorset dialect poet, William Barnes, and later the Merchant Taylors School and London Hospital Medical College. He passed the examinations for the Royal College of Surgeons of England in 1875. He was a Knight of Grace of the Order of St John, Treves became a surgeon, specialising in abdominal surgery, at the London Hospital in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. He performed the first appendectomy in England, on 29 June 1888 and he was appointed a Surgeon Extraordinary to Queen Victoria. In 1884, Treves first saw Joseph Merrick, known as the Elephant Man, around 1886 Treves brought Merrick to the London Hospital where Merrick lived until his death in April 1890. Treves reminiscences mistakenly names Joseph Merrick as John Merrick, an error widely recirculated by biographers of Merrick, during the Second Boer War, Treves volunteered to work at a field hospital in South Africa treating the wounded. He later published an account of his experiences in The Tale of a Field Hospital, Treves was also Medical Officer to the Suffolk Yeomanry until he resigned in May 1902. In late March 1901, Treves was appointed one of several Honorary Serjeants Surgeon to King Edward VII, in January 1902, the King was treated for an Achilles tendon, and then in June he found a hard swelling in the abdomen. Treves did not remove the abscess, which was perityphlitis, the coronation of the new king was scheduled for 26 June 1902, but on 24 June, Edward was diagnosed with appendicitis. This was at a time when appendicitis was generally not treated operatively, the King had opposed surgery for this reason but Treves insisted, stating that if he was not permitted to operate, there would instead be a funeral. The next day, Edward was sitting up in bed, smoking a cigar, for this operation, Treves was honoured with a baronetcy on 24 July 1902, and appendix surgery entered the medical mainstream in the UK. He was granted the use of Thatched House Lodge in Richmond Park and was able to take early retirement. He published a book about his experiences of the kings illnesses, Treves continued to serve the royal family as Serjeant Surgeon to the King and to the Royal Household from July 1902 until 1910. In November 1905, the King fell down a rabbit hole straining the Achilles tendon and he received the Freedom of the Borough from his native town Dorchester in July 1902. He was also chairman of the Executive Committee from 1905 to 1912 of the British Red Cross, from 1905–8, he was Rector of the University of Aberdeen. Around 1920 Sir Frederick went to live in Switzerland where he died in Lausanne on 7 December 1923 at the age of 70 and he died from peritonitis, which, ironically, in the days before antibiotics commonly resulted from a ruptured appendix. His funeral took place at St Peters church, Dorchester on 2 January 1924 and his lifelong friend Thomas Hardy attended and chose the hymns

25.
Listed building
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A listed building or listed structure, in the United Kingdom, is one that has been placed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. The statutory bodies maintaining the list are Historic England in England, Cadw in Wales, Historic Scotland in Scotland, however, the preferred term in Ireland is protected structure. In England and Wales, an amenity society must be notified of any work to a listed building which involves any element of demolition. Owners of listed buildings are, in circumstances, compelled to repair and maintain them. When alterations are permitted, or when listed buildings are repaired or maintained, slightly different systems operate in each area of the United Kingdom, though the basic principles of the listing remain the same. It was the damage to caused by German bombing during World War II that prompted the first listing of buildings that were deemed to be of particular architectural merit. The listings were used as a means of determining whether a building should be rebuilt if it was damaged by bombing. Listing was first introduced into Northern Ireland under the Planning Order 1972, the listing process has since developed slightly differently in each part of the UK. In the UK, the process of protecting the historic environment is called ‘designation’. A heritage asset is a part of the environment that is valued because of its historic. Only some of these are judged to be important enough to have legal protection through designation. However, buildings that are not formally listed but still judged as being of heritage interest are still regarded as being a consideration in the planning process. Almost anything can be listed – it does not have to be a building, Buildings and structures of special historic interest come in a wide variety of forms and types, ranging from telephone boxes and road signs, to castles. Historic England has created twenty broad categories of structures, and published selection guides for each one to aid with assessing buildings and these include historical overviews and describe the special considerations for listing each category. Both Historic Scotland and Cadw produce guidance for owners, in England, to have a building considered for listing or delisting, the process is to apply to the secretary of state, this can be done by submitting an application form online to Historic England. The applicant does not need to be the owner of the building to apply for it to be listed, full information including application form guidance notes are on the Historic England website. Historic England assesses buildings put forward for listing or delisting and provides advice to the Secretary of State on the architectural, the Secretary of State, who may seek additional advice from others, then decides whether or not to list or delist the building. In England and Wales the authority for listing is granted to the Secretary of State by the Planning Act 1990, Listed buildings in danger of decay are listed on the Historic England Heritage at Risk Register

26.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker

27.
Office for National Statistics
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The Office for National Statistics is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly to the UK Parliament. Its main office is in Newport near the United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office and Tredegar House, but another significant office is in Titchfield in Hampshire, ONS co-ordinates data collection with the respective bodies in Northern Ireland and Scotland, namely NISRA and NRS. The ONS was formed on 1 April 1996 by the merger of the Central Statistical Office, following the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007, the United Kingdom Statistics Authority became a non-ministerial department on 1 April 2008. This is often produced in ways that make comparison with other societies and economies possible. Its publications, and analyses by other users based on its data, are reported and discussed daily in the media as the basis for the public understanding of the country in which they live. The complexity and degree and speed of change in the society, combined with the challenge of measuring some of these rise to periodic debates about some of its indicators. Consequently, unexpected or incomplete data or occasional errors or disputes about its analysis can also attract considerable attention, ONS data can also be used in epidemiologic studies such as survival analysis. This was originally a 1997 Labour manifesto commitment and was also the policy of the Liberal Democrat, such independence was also sought by the Royal Statistical Society and the Statistics Commission. The National Statistician would be accountable to Parliament through a more widely constituted independent governing Statistics Board. The ONS would be a government department so that the staff, including the Director, would remain as civil servants. The details of the plans for independence were considered in Parliament during the 2006/2007 session and resulted in the Statistics, on 7 February 2008, following the first meeting of the shadow board, it was announced that it would be known as the UK Statistics Authority. In 2012, Andrew Dilnot replaced Michael Scholar as chairman of the Authority, since its establishment, ONS has had five Directors, Professor Tim Holt, Len Cook, Karen Dunnell, Jil Matheson, and, from October 2012, Glen Watson. Len Cook was the first Director to hold the newly created role of National Statistician, the roles of Director of ONS and National Statistician were combined until 2012 when Jil Matheson continued as National Statistician while Glen Watson became Director of the ONS. John Pullinger replaced Jil Matheson as National Statistician in July 2014, the work of the ONS covers the collection of data and the analysis and publication of statistics covering the economy, population, and society of the UK. Where data is broken down by geographical area, this is usually done by the areas defined in the ONS geographical coding system and they are members of the Government Statistical Service and are the professional responsibility of the head of the service, who is also the National Statistician. Each department has a statistical service Head of Profession, for example, data on Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry comes primarily from the Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. ONS is also responsible for the maintenance of the Inter-Departmental Business Register and this ceased to operate from 1 April 2008. The General Register Office and the post of Registrar-General for England & Wales ceased to be part of ONS from that date, the annual United Kingdom National Accounts are published in an online publication by the Office for National Statistics

28.
Abbotsbury
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Abbotsbury is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset. It is in the West Dorset district and is situated about 1 mile inland from the English Channel coast, in the 2011 census the civil parish had a population of 481. The coastline within Abbotsbury parish includes a section of Chesil Beach, an 18-mile barrier beach which is part of the Jurassic Coast, a World Heritage Site. Much of Abbotsbury, including Chesil Beach, the swannery and subtropical gardens, is owned by the Ilchester Estate, the village of Abbotsbury comprises a long street of stone houses, many of which are thatched, with some dating from the 16th century. The street broadens at one point into an old market square, parts of the street have a raised pavement. The village is surrounded by hills on all sides, except to the east, dorset-born broadcaster and writer Ralph Wightman described the village as possibly the most interesting in Dorset. The B3157 road between Abbotsbury and Burton Bradstock is notable for its fine coastal views, one and a half miles northwest of the village, at the top of Wears Hill, are the earthworks of Abbotsbury Castle, an Iron Age hill fort. The earthworks cover a triangular area of about 10 acres. In the 10th century a charter of King Edmund records a granting of land at Abbedesburi, in the 11th century King Cnut granted land at nearby Portesham to the Scandinavian thegn Orc, who took up residence in the area with his wife Tola. The couple founded Abbotsbury Abbey and enriched it with an amount of land. In 1086 in the Domesday Book Abbotsbury was recorded as Abedesberie or Abodesberie and it was in the hundred of Uggescombe and the lords and tenants-in-chief were Abbotsbury Abbey and Hawise, wife of Hugh son of Grip. Abbotsbury Abbey existed for 500 years, but was destroyed in the dissolution, stone from the abbey was used in the construction of many buildings in the village, including the house of Abbotsburys new owner, Sir Giles Strangways. In 1664, during the English Civil War, Roundheads and Cavaliers clashed at Abbotsbury, parliamentarians besieged the Royalists in the church of St. Nicholas, two bullet holes from the fight remain in the Jacobean pulpit. The house gunpowder store exploded in the fire and the house was destroyed, in the late 17th and early 18th centuries Abbotsbury experienced several fires, resulting in the destruction of virtually all its medieval buildings. Most of the secular buildings in the village today were built from stone in the 17th and 18th centuries. County historian John Hutchins recorded that fishing was the industry in the village. Ropemaking, basketry and the manufacture of cotton stockings were other notable trades within the village, with records indicating hemp, in the early 19th century Abbotsburys population grew steadily, from about 800 in 1801 to nearly 1,100 sixty years later. Between 1885 and 1952 Abbotsbury was served by the Abbotsbury Railway, the Abbotsbury terminus of the line was inconveniently sited 1 mile east of the village because the railway could not buy the land needed to build the station closer to the village

29.
Allington, Dorset
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Allington is a village and civil parish in Dorset, England,1 mile north-west from the town of Bridport, with which it is physically contiguous, much of Allington lies within Bridport parish. In the 2011 census Allington civil parish had 371 dwellings,339 households, Allington Hill rises to 89 metres above the village, it is managed by the Woodland Trust. The hill is characteristic of the Upper Greensand hills and ridges found in the Marshwood, in 1086 in the Domesday Book Allington was recorded as Adelingtone, it had 21 households,3 ploughlands,10 acres of meadow and one mill. It was in Goderthorn Hundred and the lord and tenant-in-chief was Turstin son of Rolf, the parish church at North Allington, dedicated to St Swithun, was designed by Charles Wallis of Dorchester and built in 1826-27, and is a Grade II* listed building. It is in style, and is unusual for the survival of a high proportion of the original internal fittings, including the pews, gallery. Media related to Allington, Dorset at Wikimedia Commons

30.
Alton Pancras
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Alton Pancras is a small village and civil parish in the West Dorset district of Dorset, England. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 175. The village church is dedicated to Saint Pancras, which part of the village name. The parish was formerly a liberty, containing only the parish itself, dating is not definite but the Celtic fields were probably in use between the Bronze Age and the end of the Romano-British period. The possible settlement is probably Romano-British, subsequent cultivation, particularly in modern times, has destroyed much of the evidence. The village itself was likely first settled by Saxons during the expansion of the Kingdom of Wessex, the name of the village was then Awultune, meaning in West Saxon village at the source of the river. The village was two separate settlements, Barcombe and Alton, both of which had their own open field system. In 1086 in the Domesday Book the village was recorded as Altone and it had 26 households, was in Cerne, Totcombe and Modbury Hundred, and the tenant-in-chief was the Bishop of Salisbury. After conversion to Christianity, the village incorporated the little-known St Pancras. The current church was restored in the 19th century after an earlier Norman church was near collapse, all that remains of the old church is the 15th century tower and a Norman arch. The church organ used to be a fairground organ, the floor tiles were created by Poole Pottery. Alton Pancras is in the West Dorset parliamentary constituency which is represented in the UK national parliament by the Conservative Member of Parliament Oliver Letwin. In local government, Alton Pancras is governed by Dorset County Council at the county level, in national parliament and district council elections, West Dorset is divided into 24 electoral wards, with Alton Pancras being within Piddle Valley ward. In district council elections these 24 wards elect 42 councillors to West Dorset District Council, the Conservative Party currently has overall control of the district council. In county council elections, Alton Pancras is in the Three Valleys electoral division, at the parish level – the lowest tier of local government – Alton Pancras is one of three parishes governed by Piddle Valley Group Parish Council. The other parishes are Piddlehinton and Piddletrenthide, Alton Pancras civil parish covers 920 hectares at the head of the valley of the River Piddle. The valley is on the dip slope of the Dorset Downs and drains north to south. Several small side combes extend east and west, in the east the parish includes part of a tributary valley at Watcombe Bottom, north of Plush, and in the northeast it extends north of the escarpment to Alton Common in the Blackmore Vale

31.
Askerswell
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Askerswell /ˈæskərzwəl/ is a small village and civil parish in the county of Dorset in southwest England. It is sited on the small River Asker and it lies within the West Dorset administrative district,11 miles west of the county town Dorchester. The parish has an area of 698 hectares and in the northeast includes the slopes of Eggardon Hill. In the 2011 census the parish had a population of 154. In 1086 in the Domesday Book Askerswell was recorded as Oscherwille, it had 30 households, was in Eggardon Hundred, Askerswell parish church has an early 15th-century west tower, but the rest of the building was rebuilt by Talbot Bury in 1858. There are twenty structures in the parish that are listed by English Heritage for their historic or architectural interest, there are no structures listed as Grade I, but the parish church and South Eggardon Farmhouse are Grade II*. In the United Kingdom national parliament Askerswell is in the West Dorset parliamentary constituency, in local government, Askerswell is governed by Dorset County Council at the highest tier and West Dorset District Council at the middle tier. At the parish level—the lowest tier—Askerswell does not have a parish council, in national parliament and district council elections, West Dorset is divided into 24 electoral wards, with Askerswell being within Netherbury electoral ward. In district council elections these 24 wards elect 42 councillors to West Dorset District Council, the Conservative Party currently have overall control of the district council. In county council elections, Askerswell is in the Bride Valley electoral division, Askerswell civil parish extends from the A35 trunk road on Askerswell Down in the south to the Iron Age hillfort on Eggardon Hill in the northeast and Knowle Hill in the northwest. Its altitude is between about 50 metres where the River Asker leaves the parish in the west up to about 250 metres on Eggardon Hill, all of Askerswell parish is within the Dorset Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The local travel links are located 5 miles from the village to Maiden Newton railway station and 33 miles to Exeter International Airport, the main road running through the village is Hembury Road. In the 2011 census Askerswell civil parish had 86 dwellings,71 households, the average age of residents was 51.7, compared to 39.3 for England as a whole. 27. 9% of residents were age 65 or over, compared to 16. 4% for England as a whole, Askerswell village has a village hall, located by the road to Spyway. Media related to Askerswell at Wikimedia Commons

32.
Athelhampton
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Athelhampton is a settlement and civil parish in Dorset, England, situated in the West Dorset administrative district approximately 5 miles east of Dorchester. It consists of a house and a former Church of England parish church. Dorset County Councils 2013 mid-year estimate of the population of the parish is 30. The Domesday Book records that in 1086 the Bishop of Salisbury, with Odbold as tenant, held the manor, the name Aethelhelm appears in the 13th century, when Athelhampton belonged to the de Loundres family. In 1350 Richard Martyn married the de Pydele heiress, and their descendant Sir William Martyn received licence to enclose 160 acres of land to form a deer park, the hall is a Grade I listed 15th-century privately owned country house on 160 acres of parkland. The gardens are Grade I listed on the Register of Historic Parks and it is now open for public visits. Sir William Martyn had the current Great Hall built in about 1493, a West Wing and Gatehouse were added in 1550, but in 1862 the Gatehouse was demolished. With the death of Sir William Martyn, his son Nicholas Martyn married Margaret, sister to, the three sons who predeceased them kneel behind their father. To the right is Nicholas Martyns wife, Margaret Wadham, behind who kneel their seven daughters, among the fine stained glass at Athelhampton are the Arms of Wadham. Sir Robert Long bought Athelhampton House in 1665 from Sir Ralph Bankes, in 1684 an attempt was made by the court to sequester the estate from the then owner, James Long Esquire, to recover a debt, but this seems to have been unsuccessful. The estate passed down through the Long family to William Pole-Tylney-Long-Wellesley, in 1891, the house was acquired by the antiquarian Alfred de Lafontaine, who carried out restoration to the interior and added the North Wing in 1920–21. At the same time de Lafontaine engaged Inigo Thomas to create one of Englands great gardens as a series of outdoor rooms inspired by the Renaissance, Great Court contains 12 giant yew pyramids set around the pool by the great terrace. The lawn to the west has an early 16th-century circular dovecote, and the south terrace features a vast Magnolia grandiflora, pear trees cover the old walls and support roses and Clematis. The house was visited by Thomas Hardy, his father was a stonemason. It was during this time that Hardy painted a watercolour of the front including the gatehouse. Hardy set the poem The Dame of Athelhall at the house and his The Children, Athelhampton has been owned by three generations of the Cooke family, the present owners. A serious fire in late 1992 destroyed most of the attic, investigation after the fire indicated that the layout of the rooms on the first floor, built as a service wing, had been altered since the buildings inception. A life-size sketch of a fireplace was also revealed on the plasterwork behind panelling over an existing fireplace

33.
Batcombe, Dorset
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Batcombe is a small straggling village and civil parish in the West Dorset district of Dorset, England, situated 12 miles north-west of Dorchester below the northern scarp slope of the Dorset Downs. The name Batcombe derives from the Old English Bata, a mans name, in 1201 it was known as Batecumbe. The local travel links are located 3 miles from the village to Chetnole railway station and 31 miles to Bournemouth International Airport, the main road running through the village is Stile Way. Dorset County Councils 2013 mid-year estimate of the population of the parish was 120. The church of St Mary Magdalene is on an ancient site, there has probably been a church there from the 11th century. The current building comprises a chancel, nave and 15th-century tower, the interior contains a font that has a Norman column with a cube-shaped limestone basin, the basin is probably older than the column. The church interior contains an elaborate stone screen, which is also made from Ham Hill stone. Above the village rises Batcombe Down and, further east, Gore Hill, near the top of which is a small stone pillar known as the Cross-in-Hand. At one time there may have been a hand carved on one face, the pillar also features in Hardys poem The Lost Pyx. The Minterne family was for a time the Lords of the Manor. The front roadside wall of the farmhouse has an ashlar hamstone archway dating from 1622 and he dabbled in magic and was regarded with a great deal of fear and superstition locally. After setting off to ride over steep Batcombe Hill one day, he remembered he had left his magic book open on the table. To save going back by the road, he turned his horse round and spurred it to attempt a massive leap over the church, the fearful villagers were afraid that they might offend the devil by repairing the damage, so for a hundred years they left it alone. When it was repaired, they repaired it at a crooked angle and it is said that Minterne vowed that he would be buried neither in nor out of the church, so he was buried half in and half out of the Minterne Chapel. Much of the church was rebuilt by John Hicks in 1864, the memorial tablets were repositioned on the north side of the tower. A conjurer used to be an important character in a Dorset village and he was supposed to be gifted with supernatural power, which he exercised for good, and by his incantations and ceremonies he cured many sicknesses

34.
Beaminster
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It is sited in a bowl-shaped valley near the source of the small River Brit. The 2013 mid-year estimate of the population of Beaminster parish is 3,100, in its history Beaminster has been a centre of manufacture of linen and woollens, the raw materials for which were produced in the surrounding countryside. The town experienced three fires in the 17th and 18th centuries, the first of these, during the English Civil War. Beaminster parish church is notable for its architecture, particularly its handsome tower, in the Domesday Book of 1086 the manor of Beaminster was recorded as being owned by the See of Salisbury. Bishop Osmund gave it as a supplement to two of the Cathedral prebends in 1091, in the English Civil War the town declared for Parliament and was sacked by Royalist forces in 1644. Prince Maurice stayed in the town on Palm Sunday, though his stay was brief because a fire, caused by a musket being discharged into a thatched roof, the town suffered further accidental fires in 1684 and 1781. Previously Beaminster was a centre for the production of linen and woollens, no railway line came through Beaminster and as a result the town declined relative to other local towns such as Bridport and Dorchester. Horn Park, about 1.5 miles north-west of Beaminster, is a country house of five bays and two-storeys designed by architect T. Lawrence Dale. Inside the house the central corridor is barrel vaulted and leads to a room whose groin vault is reminiscent of the work of Sir John Soane. The drawing room includes Jacobean features re-used from a 16th-century country house at nearby Parnham, Horn Park is Listed Grade II. Its gardens are open to the public as part of the National Gardens Scheme. Beaminster is sited between 50 to 80 metres above sea level in a valley, surrounded by hills which rise to 244 metres at Beaminster Down to the northeast. The River Brit and many small streams emerge from springs on the slopes above the town, the confluences of several of these streams are within the towns boundaries. Beaminsters growth has historically been along the course of these streams, Beaminster is situated approximately 45 miles south of Bristol,38 miles west of Bournemouth,35 miles east of Exeter and 15 miles northwest of the county town Dorchester. Beaminster is sited mostly on Middle Jurassic Fullers earth clay, with some Inferior Oolite in the south of the town and Bridport and Yeovil Sands north of the town centre. The hills north and east of the town are Cretaceous chalk with a face of Upper Greensand, while those to the south and west are of Bridport. There are several faults running westnorthwest to eastsoutheast through the town, Horn Park Quarry SSSI produced building stone from the Inferior Oolite and some quality fossil specimens before becoming a light industrial estate on the road to Broadwindsor. Apart from the ammonites, the site displays a remarkable flat erosion surface, dorset County Councils 2013 mid-year estimate of the population of Beaminster parish is 3,100

35.
Beer Hackett
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Beer Hackett is a small village and civil parish in west Dorset, England, situated 3 miles southwest of Sherborne and 5 miles southeast of Yeovil. The civil parish includes the settlement of Knighton to the east. Dorset County Councils 2013 mid-year estimate of the population of the parish is 100. Beer Hackett was not recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, the nave and west tower of the parish church were originally built in the early 15th century, though the whole building was radically restored in the 19th century. Media related to Beer Hackett at Wikimedia Commons

36.
Bettiscombe
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Bettiscombe is a small village and civil parish in west Dorset, England, situated in the Marshwood Vale 4 miles west of Beaminster. Dorset County Councils 2013 mid-year estimate of the population of the parish is 50. The parish church, dedicated to St Stephen, has two windows in the chancel, and possibly one in the west tower, that date from about 1400, though the rest of the building was rebuilt in 1862. Bettiscombe Manor, a house in the village, is known as The House of the Screaming skull due to a legend dating from the 17th century. Other ghost stories are associated with the manor. The legend maintains that the skull is that of a Jamaican slave, john Frederick Pinney disposed of the Nevis estates and returned to the family home of Bettiscombe Manor in the early nineteenth century, accompanied by one of the familys faithful black servants. While in his masters service, the servant was taken ill with suspected tuberculosis. After the burial, ill fortune plagued the village for months and screams. Other disturbances were reported from the house, such as windows rattling. The villagers went to the manor to seek advice, the body of the servant was exhumed and the body taken to the manor house. In the process of time the skeleton has long since vanished, burton Agnes Hall Chilton Cantelo Screaming skull The Legend of the Screaming Skull St Stephens Church Bettiscombe

37.
Bincombe
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Bincombe is a small village, or hamlet, and civil parish in the West Dorset district of Dorset, England, situated 5 miles north of Weymouth. The local travel links are located 1 mile from the village to Upwey railway station and 28 miles to Bournemouth International Airport, the main road running through the village is Icen Lane. The civil parish, which includes a part of the settlement of Broadwey to the west, had a population of 514 in the 2011 census. The village is situated on a ridge three miles south of Dorchester. Holy Trinity Church in the dates from the early 13th century. Their remains are buried in the churchyard, where the stone can still be seen, the same incident, differently interpreted, forms the basis of Thomas Hardys short story, The Melancholy Hussar of the German Legion. The Master and Fellows of Caius College, Cambridge, are the principal landowners, media related to Bincombe at Wikimedia Commons Bincombe local history

38.
Bishop's Caundle
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Bishops Caundle is a small village and civil parish in the West Dorset district of Dorset in South West England, situated 6 miles south-east of Sherborne. The local travel links are located 4 miles from the village to Sherborne railway station and 28 miles to Bournemouth International Airport, the main road running through the village is the A3030, connecting Bishops Caundle to Sherborne. Dorset County Councils 2013 mid-year estimate of the population of the parish is 390. Older documents sometimes refer to the village as Caundle Bishop, although the origin of the name is unclear, the original settlements that are still present within Bishops Caundle parish are Bishops Caundle and Wake Caundle. Until 1886 the parish contained parts of the parish of Caundle Marsh. Cornford Bridge over Caundle Brook dates from around 1480 and is one of less than 200 medieval multi-span bridges to survive in England. In the United Kingdom national parliament, Bishops Caundle is in the West Dorset parliamentary constituency, which is currently represented by Oliver Letwin of the Conservative Party. In local government, Bishops Caundle is governed by Dorset County Council at the highest tier, West Dorset District Council at the middle tier, in national parliament and district council elections, West Dorset is divided into 24 electoral wards, with Bishops Caundle being within Queen Thorne ward. In district council elections these 24 wards elect 42 councillors to West Dorset District Council, the Conservative Party currently have overall control of the district council. In county council elections, Bishops Caundle is in Sherborne Rural Electoral Division, the parish church is dedicated to St Peter and St Paul. Parts of the date from the 14th century and it has been designated as a Grade I listed building. The parish is part of the Three Valleys benefice within the Diocese of Salisbury

39.
Bothenhampton
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Bothenhampton is a village and civil parish in southwest Dorset, England, just outside the town of Bridport. It is separated from the only by the River Asker. In the 2011 census the civil parish—which includes the settlement of Walditch—had a population of 2,131, the parish church, Holy Trinity, was designed by the Arts and Crafts movement architect Edward Schroeder Prior in 1889. By the late 19th century the 15th century Old Holy Trinity Church had fallen into disrepair, the new church was funded by J. P. F. Gundry, one of the directors of the West Bay Building Company, by public subscription and anonymous donation. The roof is the most radical feature of the church, the arches spring at 2’6 above floor level and rise to a ridge 30’ high. The windows are filled with a forerunner of Prior’s Early English glass, the altar table and furnishings were designed by another leading Arts and Crafts Movement architect, William Lethaby, as was the altar front with its intertwined wild roses, leaves and stems. At the end of the village is the park, which is a memorial to John Holt. Annual events, such as a barn dance organised by the Bothenhampton village hall committee, in 1801 the population was 334 and in 1901 this was still only 423. New houses were built between the 1st and 2nd world wars and there was a lot of building in the 1960s, by 1980 the population had grown to approx 1200 and by 2001 it had become 2186 which was 2% of the population of West Dorset. By 2001 11% of Bothenhamptons population were aged under 16, 42% were aged between 16 and 59 and 47% were aged 60 and over

40.
Bradford Abbas
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Bradford Abbas is a village and civil parish in north west Dorset, England,3 miles southeast of Yeovil and 5 miles southwest of Sherborne. In the 2011 census the population of the parish was 975, the name of the village signifies the Abbots broad ford on the River Ivel, the abbot in question being that of Sherborne, the land was given to Sherborne Abbey by King Alfred the Great. In the 19th century five Roman kilns were found in a field to the east of the village, also found at the site were pottery, roof slates, bracelets and querns. Dorset OPC, Bradford Abbas historical and genealogical resources Bradford Abbas FC Official Website Parish Council Website

41.
Bradford Peverell
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Bradford Peverell is a village and civil parish in the English county of Dorset, in the West Dorset district 2 miles north-west of the county town Dorchester. It is sited by the bank of the River Frome. The A37 road between Dorchester and Yeovil passes to the north of the village on the side of the rivers water meadows. In the 2011 census the population of the parish was 370, Bradford Peverell is the birthplace of the historian John Hutchins, who was born here in 1698. His work on the history of the county, History and Antiquities of the County of Dorset, was published in 1774. In the 1st century a Roman aqueduct ran through where the village is now sited, it followed a line from Notton, a few miles upstream, to Dorchester, which then was the Roman town of Durnovaria. In 1850 the parish church was rebuilt in a 13th/14th-century style, though various fittings, the new design was by Decimus Burton. Parish Council website Media related to Bradford Peverell at Wikimedia Commons

42.
Bradpole
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Bradpole is a village and civil parish in south west Dorset, England, in the Brit valley,1 mile outside Bridport. In the 2011 census the population of the parish was 2,339, in 1651 Charles II passed through Bradpole in his efforts to evade capture after he failed to sail to France from Charmouth following his defeat at the Battle of Worcester. Bradpole is the birthplace of industrialist and Liberal Party politician William Edward Forster and he is commemorated by the village Memorial Hall. The parish church was built in 1845, following two previous buildings on the same site and its communion cup dates from the 16th century. Official Bradpole Parish Council Website Bradpole Parish Plan

43.
Bridport
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Bridport is a market town in Dorset, England, situated approximately 1.5 miles inland from the English Channel near the confluence of the small River Brit and its tributary the Asker. Its origins are Saxon and it has a history as a rope-making centre. On the coast and within the boundary is West Bay. In the 21st century Bridports arts scene has contributed to the town becoming increasingly popular with people from outside the locality and it has an arts centre, theatre, library, cinema and museum, and several annual events. It features as Port Bredy in the fictional Wessex of Thomas Hardys novels, in the 2011 census the population of Bridports built-up area was 13,568. The town is twinned with Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, France, Bridports name probably derives from another location nearby. In the early 10th century the Burghal Hidage recorded the existence of a centre or burh in this area, called Brydian. A probable location for an earlier burh is at Littlebredy, in 1086 the Domesday Book recorded that the town was called Brideport, port is Old English for a market town, thus Brideport may have described the market town belonging to or associated with Bredy. At a later date, in a reversal of a more typical derivation, the town lent its name to the river on which it stood, previously this had been the River Wooth, the Domesday Book recorded that Bridport had 120 houses in the reign of Edward the Confessor. In 1253 the town was awarded its first charter by Henry III, around this time the town was also subjected to attacks by raiding French and Spanish forces. Since the Middle Ages Bridport has been associated with the production of rope, the earliest official record of this industry dates from 1211, when King John ordered that Bridport make as many ropes for ships both large and small and as many cables as you can. The raw materials needed, flax and hemp, used to be grown in the surrounding countryside, Bridports main street is particularly wide due to it previously having been used to dry the ropes, after they had been spun in long gardens behind the houses. Ropes for gallows used to be made in the town, hence the phrase stabbed with a Bridport dagger being used to describe a hanging, in the English Civil War the population of Bridport mainly supported the royalists. At the end of the war in 1651 Charles II briefly stayed in the town as he sought to escape Parliamentarian forces after his defeat at the Battle of Worcester, many buildings in Bridport, particularly in the main street, date from the 18th century. Bridport Town Hall was built in 1785-6, with its clock tower, older buildings can be found in South Street, and include the 13th-century St. Marys parish church, the 14th-century chantry and the 16th-century Bridport Museum. In 1857 the Bridport Railway was opened, which joined the town with the national rail network. This benefitted the towns industry and brought cheaper goods such as coal to the area. In 1884 the line was extended from Bridports station to a new terminus on the coast at Bridport Harbour, the West Bay extension closed to passengers in 1930 and all traffic in 1962