In view of the interaction between effects of mine exploitation and geological environment fragility, this paper puts forward the definition and methods of risk evaluation for mining geological environment. According to the feature of local mining geological environment in Datong, the evaluation object is divided into high risk areas, medium risk areas and low risk areas, through developing an assessment method of an indicator system (AMIS), which is based on the impact of mine exploitation and the fragility of geological environment, and employing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to obtain the index weight coefficients. Comparison of the calculation of mathematical models and the fuzzy comprehensive assessment is performed. Advice on risk prevention and control is proposed based on the research results.