61 Interesting Facts About . . .

India

India is about 1/3 the size of the United States, yet it is the second
most populous country in the world, with a population of 1,166,079,217.
India is the seventh largest country in the world, at 1.27 million square
miles.g

India is the largest democracy in the world.i

The Kumbh Mela (or Grand Pitcher Festival) is a huge Hindu religious
festival that takes place in India every 12 years. In 2001, 60 million
people attended, breaking the record for the world’s biggest gathering.
The mass of people was photographed from space by a satellite.c

Many Indians find toilet paper repellent and consider it cleaner to splash
water with the left hand in the appropriate direction. Consequently, the
left hand is considered unclean and is never used for eating.f

To avoid polluting the elements (fire, earth, water, air), followers
of Zoroastrianism in India don’t bury their dead, but instead leave
bodies in buildings called “Towers of Silence” for the vultures
to pick clean. After the bones dry, they are swept into a central well.f

It is illegal for foreigners to import or export Indian currency (rupees)

It is illegal for foreigners and non-citizens to take Indian currency (rupees) out of India.f

India has one of the world's highest rates of murder in the world, at over 40,000 murders per year (though it is also one of the most populated countries in the world).j

India has one of the world’s highest rates of abortion.Time magazine reports that in 2012, the number of abortions in India could be as high as 7 million, with 2/3 of abortions taking place in unauthorized health facilities. Due to unsanitary conditions, a woman in India dies every two hours. Additionally, there are more men than women in India due to the high rate of abortions performed on female fetuses, a practice known as "gendercide."e

More than a million Indians are millionaires, yet most Indians live on
less than two dollars a day. An estimated 35% of India’s population
lives below the poverty line.l

Cows can be found freely wandering the streets of India’s cities.
They are considered sacred and will often wear a tilak, a Hindu
symbol of good fortune. Cows are considered one of humankind’s seven
mothers because they offer milk as does one’s natural mother.k

Dancing is one of India’s most highly developed arts and was an
integral part of worship in the inner shrines of every temple. It is notable
for its expressive hand movements.f

Rabies is endemic in India. Additionally, “Delhi Belly” or
diarrhea is commonplace due to contaminated drinking water.f

Many Indian wives will never say their husband’s name aloud, as it
is a sign of disrespect. When addressing him, the wife will use several
indirect references, such as “ji” or “look here” or “hello,” or
even refer to him as the father of her child.f

A widow is considered bad luck—otherwise, her husband wouldn’t
have died. Elderly women in the village might call a widow “the one
who ate her husband.” In some orthodox families, widows are not allowed
near newlyweds or welcomed at social gatherings.b

India is the birthplace of chess.l The original word for “chess” is
the Sanskrit chaturanga, meaning “four members of an army”—which
were mostly likely elephants, horses, chariots, and foot soldiers.d

The Indian flag has three horizontal bands of color: saffron for courage
and sacrifice, white for truth and peace, and green for faith, fertility,
and chivalry. An emblem of a wheel spinning used to be in the center of
the white band, but when India gained independence, a Buddhist dharma
chakra, or wheel of life, replaced the spinning wheel.m

Khajuraho’s exotic art may suggest that sex was a step for attaining ultimate liberation or moksha

The temples of Khajuraho are famous for their erotic sculptures and are
one of the most popular tourist attractions in India. Scholars still debate
the purpose of such explicit portrayals of sexual intercourse, which sometimes
involve animals.a

The earliest cotton in the world was spun and woven in India. Roman emperors
would wear delicate cotton from India that they would call “woven
winds.” Mogul emperors called the fabrics “morning dew” and “cloth
of running water.”i

In ancient and medieval India, suttees, in which a recently
widowed woman would immolate herself on her husband’s funeral pyre,
were common.b

The Himalayas—from the Sanskrit hima, meaning “snow,” and alaya,
meaning “abode”—are found in the north of India. They
extend 1,500 miles and are slowly growing taller, by almost an inch (2.5
cm) a year. Several ancient Indian monasteries are found nestled in the
grandeur of these mountains.m

India is the world’s largest producer of dried beans, such as kidney
beans and chickpeas. It also leads the world in banana exports; Brazil
is second.l

In India, the fold and color of clothing are viewed as important markers
of social classification. In the past and according to region, a woman could be viewed as either a prostitute or a holy person depending on the manner in which she parted her hair..k

With 150,000 post offices, India has the largest postal network in the
world. However, it is not unusual for a letter to take two weeks to travel
just 30 miles.f

In India, grasping one’s ears signifies repentance or sincerity.f

The Bengal tiger is India’s national animal. It was once ubiquitous
throughout the country, but now there are fewer than 4,000 wild tigers
left.m

Indians hold prominent places both internationally and in the United
States. For example, the co-founder of Sun Microsystems (Vinod Khosla),
the creator of the Pentium chip (Vinod Dahm), the founder/creator of Hotmail
(Sabeer Bhatia), and the GM of Hewlett-Packard (Rajiv Gupta) are all Indian.h

Alexander the Great of Macedon (356-323 B.C.) was one of the first important
figures to bring India into contact with the West. After his death, a link
between Europe and the East would not be restored until Portuguese explorer
Vasco da Gama (1460-1524) landed in Calicut, India, in 1498.l

The British Raj, or British rule, lasted from 1858 to 1947 (although
they had a strong presence in India since the 1700s). British influence
is still seen in Indian architecture, education system, transportation,
and politics. Many of India’s worst famines are associated with British
rule in India.i

Every major world religion is represented in India. Additionally, Hinduism,
Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism all originated in India.f

About 80% of Indians are Hindu. Muslims are the largest minority in India
and form approximately 13% of the country’s population. In fact,
India has the third largest population of Muslims in the world, after Indonesia
and Pakistan.i

India has the world’s largest movie industry, based in the city
of Mumbai (known as the “City of Dreams”). The B in “Bollywood” comes
from Bombay, the former name for Mumbai. Almost all Bollywood movies are
musicals. The term "Bollywod" refers to just a part of the larger Indian film industry, which includes other film companies operating in other languages. l

Mumbai (Bombay) is India’s largest city, with a population of 15
million. In 1661, British engineers built a causeway uniting all seven
original islands of Bombay into a single landmass.l

Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869-1948) is known around the world as Mahatma,
which is an honorific title meaning “Great Soul” in the ancient
Indian language of Sanskrit. He devoted his life to free India from British
rule peacefully and based his campaign on civil disobedience. His birthday,
October 2, is a national holiday. He was assassinated in 1948.m

The Lotus temple is one of the most visited temples in the world, with over 50 million visitors per year

The lotus is sacred to both Hindus and Buddhists. The Bahá’í house
of worship in Delhi, known as the “Lotus Temple,” is shaped
like a lotus flower with 27 gigantic “petals” that are covered
in marble.i

The banyan, or Indian fig tree, is considered a symbol of immortality
and is mentioned in many Indian myths and legends. This self-renewing plant
is India’s national tree.m

Marigold flowers are used as decoration for Hindu marriages and are a
symbol of good fortune and happiness.i

The official name of India is the Republic of India. The name "India" is the corruption of the word Sindhu. Because neighboring Persians and Arabs pronounced "s" as "h" they called the land Hindu. The Greeks called it Indus. Sindhu is the name of the Indus River, which was mentioned in the Rig-Veda, one of the oldest existing Indo-European texts.m

Introduced by the British, cricket is India’s most popular sport.
Hockey is considered the national sport, and the Indian field hockey team
proudly won Olympic gold in 1928.i

Indians made significant contributions to calculus, trigonometry, and
algebra. The decimal system was invented in India in 100 B.C. The concept
of zero as a number is also attributed to India.m

The national fruit of India is the mango. The national bird is the peacock,
which was initially bred for food.m

Most historians agree that the first recorded account of plastic
surgery is found in ancient Indian Sanskrit texts.b

Hindi and English are the official languages of India. The government
also recognizes 17 other languages (Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Nepali,
Manipuri, Konkani, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi,
Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu). Apart from these languages,
about 1,652 dialects are spoken in the country.l

India’s pastoral communities are largely dependent on dairy and
have made India the largest milk-producing country in the world.l

India has the world’s third largest road network at 1.9 million
miles. It also has the world’s second largest rail network, which
is the world’s largest civilian employer with 16 million workers.f

Though the Ganges is one of the dirtiest rivers in the world, bathing in the river is thought to wash away one’s sins

Rivers have played a vital role in India’s popular culture and
folklore—they have been worshipped as goddesses because they bring
water to an otherwise dry land. Bathing in the Ganges in particular is
thought to take away a person’s sins. It is not unusual to spread
a loved one’s ashes in the Ganges.f

Raziya Sultana (1205-1240) was the first woman leader of India. She was
considered a great leader, though she ruled for only three years before
being murdered.b

Most Indians rinse their hands, legs, and face before eating a meal.
It is considered polite to eat with the right hand, and women eat after
everyone is finished. Wasting food is considered a sin.i

During the Vedic era in India, horse sacrifice sanctioned the sovereignty
of the king.a

It is traditional to wear white, not black, to a funeral in India. Widows
will often wear white in contrast to the colorful clothes of married or
single women.k

All of India is under a single time zone.g

On India’s Independence Day, August 15, 1947, the country was split
into India and Pakistan. The partition displaced 1.27 million people and
resulted in the death of several hundred thousand to a million people.g

In recent years, Indian authors have made a mark on the world with such
novels as Salman Rushdie’s TheSatanic Verses (1988),
Vikram Seth’s Suitable Boy (1993), and Arundhati Roy’s The
God of Small Things (1997).i

India is the world’s largest tea producer, and tea (chai) is its
most popular beverage.f

According to legend, to prevent the builders from ever replicating the beauty of the Taj Mahal, their hands were cut off

The Taj Mahal (“crown palace”) was built by Mughal Emperor
Shah Jahan (1592-1666) for his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal (1593-1631). This
architectural beauty has been called “marbled embroidery” for
its intricate workmanship. It took 22,000 workmen 22 years to complete
it.m

The first and greatest civilization in ancient India developed around
the valley of the Indus River (now Pakistan) around 3000 B.C. Called the
Indus Valley civilization, this early empire was larger than any other
empire, including Egypt and Mesopotamia.l

After the great Indus Civilization collapsed in 2000 B.C., groups of
Indo-Europeans called Aryans (“noble ones”) traveled to northwest
India and reigned during what is called the Vedic age. The mingling of ideas from the Aryan and Indus Valley religions formed
the basis of Hinduism, and the gods Shiva, Kali, and Brahma all have their
roots in Aryan civilization. The Aryans also recorded the Vedas,
the first Hindu scriptures, and introduced a caste system based on ethnicity
and occupation.l

Alexander the Great invaded India partly because he wanted to solve the
mystery of the “ocean,” which he had been told was a huge,
continuous sea that flowed in a circle around the land. When he reached
the Indian Ocean, he sacrificed some bulls to Poseidon for leading him
to his goal.m

Greek sculpture strongly influenced many portrayals of Indian gods and
goddesses, particularly after the conquest of Alexander the Great around
330 B.C. In fact, early Indian gods had Greek features and only later did
distinct Indian styles emerge.m

Chandragupta Maurya (340-290 B.C.), a leader in India who established
the Mauryan Empire (321-185 B.C.), was guarded by a band of women on horseback.a

When the first independent prime minister of India, pacifist Jawaharlal
Nehru (1889-1964), was featured in Vogue, his distinctive close
fitting, single-breasted jacket briefly became an important fashion statement
for the Mod movement in the West. Named the Nehru jacket, the prime minister’s
coat was popularized by the Beatles and worn by such famous people as Johnny
Carson (1925-2005) and Sammy Davis Jr. (1925-1990).n