Acaricidal compositions comprising a pyrethroid of formula ##STR1## wherein Z and Z.sup.1 are the same or different and each is halo and wherein X is hydrogen or cyano, provided that when Z and Z.sup.1 are both chloro, X must be cyano together with at least one organophosphorus compound, formulations containing them and their use for the control of veterinary ectoparasites of the sub-Orders Ixodoidea and Sarcoptiformes.

Claim:

What I claim is:

1. An acaricidal composition comprising about 5 to 95% by weight of a compound of the formula I ##STR12## wherein X is cyano and Z and Z.sup.1 are chloro and about 5 to 95% byweight of chlorofenvinphos.

2. The composition of claim 1 in which the compound of formula I is .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(.+-.)-cis,trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichloro vinyl)cyclophopane-1-carboxylate.

3. A method for controlling veterinary ectoparasites of the sub-orders Ixodoidea or Sarcoptiformes of mammals or birds which comprises the application of a parasitcidally effective amount which is nontoxic to mammals or birds of the compositionof claim 1 in a diluted or undiluted form.

4. A method for controlling veterinary ectoparasites of the sub-orders Ixodoidea or Sarcoptiformes of mammals or birds which comprises the application of a parasitcidally effective amount which is nontoxic to mammals or birds of the compositionof claim 2 in an undiluted or diluted form.

5. An acaricidal composition comprising an amount of a first compound .alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(.+-.)-cis,trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichloro vinyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate and a second compound chlorofenvinphos, the first and secondcompounds being present in an amount to provide a synergestic combination.

6. A method for controlling veterinary ectoparasites of the sub-orders Ixodoidea or Sareoptiformes of mammals or birds which comprises the application of a parasitcidally effective amount which is nontoxic to mammals or birds of the compositionof claim 5 in a diluted or undiluted form.

Description:

This invention relates to novel pesticidal compositions, their preparation, formulations containing them, the preparation of such formulations and totheir use for the control of pests of the sub-Orders Ixodoidea and Sarcoptiformes.

Pyrethroids embraced by formula (I): ##STR2## are known from U.K. Pat. No. 1,413,491 to possess insecticidal activity, and are known from South African Pat. No. 3211/1975 to possess acaricidal activity.

Pests of the Class Insecta and of the Order Acarina are troublesome to man, animal and plants. They are vectors of disease, and economic losses result from their depredations on plants and animals. Control of such pests over the years has cometo depend strongly upon the use of chemical pesticides which can be naturally occuring compounds or synthetic organic chemicals.

Organophosphorus pesticides are used in both the agricultural and veterinary fields with varying degrees of success. Some of these substances are common to both fields such as diazinon and malathion whilst others have been solely employed in theagricultural field, for example fenitrothion. In recent years resistance to organophosphorus compounds has evolved in certain strains of Insects and Acarids both of agricultural and veterinary importance and accordingly the need for new, effectiveinsecticides and acaricides has arisen.

It is known from Japanese Patent Publication No. 058-237/1975, that potentiation of activity occurs between a pyrethroid of formula (I) and certain organophosphorus compounds against Insects and certain Mites of agricultural importance. Employing such potentiating compositions, renders the use of pyrethroids of formula (I) more economic. The Japanese publication also suggests that the potentiation is due to the interaction between the inhibition of the enzyme acetyl-cholinesterase bythe organophosphorus compound at the ganglionic junctions of the pest, which results in ganglionic nerve paralysis, and the disturbance of axonal nerve transmittance through the cell membranes of the nerve axons of the pest by the pyrethroid, whichresults in impaired axonal nerve transmission.

It has now been surprisingly found that there is potentiation between a pyrethroid of formula (II) and certain organophosphorus compound against pests of veterinary importance which are resistant to conventional organophosphorus compounds andwhich belong to the sub-Orders Ixodoidea and Sarcoptiformes. It is believed that the potentiation is due to the inhibition by the organophosphorus compound of certain esterases which degrade pyrethroids. The various rates at which different groups ofarthropod pests, even within the same Order of classification, metabolise a pyrethroid makes it difficult to predict potentiation in one group of arthropod pests from a knowledge of potentiation in another group. This unpredictability is demonstrated bythe absence of potentiation of insecticidal activity between a compound of formula (I) and an organophosphorus compound in respect of Insects of veterinary importance. (See Tables 6 to 9 below).

The pyrethroid for use in the present invention is selected from the esters of formula (II) below: ##STR3## wherein Z.sup.1 and Z may be the same or different and each is halo such as chloro, bromo or fluoro; and X is hydrogen or cyano; providedthat when both of Z.sup.1 and Z are chloro X must be cyano. Formula (II) is intended to encompass all the geometric and optical isomers. More particularly the acid moiety of the esters may be selected from the (+)-cis-isomer, the (+)-trans-isomer, the(.+-.)-cis-isomer, the (.+-.)-trans-isomer and the (.+-.)-cis-trans-isomer; the stereochemistry referring to that of the cyclopropane ring. Moreover, when X is cyano the alcohol moiety of the ester may be selected from the (+)-isomer, the (-)-isomer orthe (.+-.)-isomer.

Particularly useful esters are those wherein Z is selected from chloro and bromo. The preferred pyrethroid of this invention is:

and a 1:1 weight by weight mixture of chlorofenvinphos and dioxathion.

Particularly high potentiation is achieved with combinations containing coumaphos, chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, ethion and the mixture of dioxathion and chlorfenvinphos.

The potentiating compositions of this invention are highly effective against strains of acarines which are susceptible to conventional organophosphorus acaricides as well as to those strains which are resistant to conventional organophosphorusacaricides such as Boophilus microplus (Can.) and B. decoloratus (Koch) and in addition those strains resistant to pyrethroids. The compositions of this invention may therefore be used to control acarine ectoparasites of animals, particularly thoseticks of the genera Boophilus, Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Hyalomma, Ixodes, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, and Anocentor, and mites of veterinary importance for example the sheep scab mite Psoroptes ovis, and other ectoparasites of the sub-Orders Ixodoideaand Sarcoptiformes. Such ectoparasites infest stock and domestic animals and fowls, depending upon the location of the host and the particular ectoparasite. Common hosts are cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, horses, camels, chickens, dogs and cats.

The compositions of this invention may be used for protecting the host against infestations of Ixodid and Sarcoptic pests by application of the compositions themselves or in a diluted form in known fashion, as a dip, a spray, a dust, a paste,cream, gel, foam, shampoo or grease, a pressure-pack, an impregnated article, or a pour-on formulation. Dips are not applied per se, but the animals are immersed in a dipping bath containing the dip wash. Sprays may be applied by hand or by means of aspray race or arch or automatic treadle. Dusts may be distributed over the animals by means of a powder gun by hand application from suitable containers or incorporated in perforated bags attached to trees or rubbing bars. Pastes, foams, creams, gels,shampoos and greases may be applied manually or distributed over the surface of an inert material against which animals rub and transfer the material to their skins. Pour-on formulations are dispensed as a unit of liquid of small volume on to the backsof animals such that all or most of the liquid is retained on the animals.

The compositions may be presented either as formulations ready for use on the animals or as formulations requiring further dilution prior to application, but both types of formulations comprise a pyrethroid as defined above in combination with atleast one organophosphorus compound as defined above in intimate admixture with one or more carriers or diluents. The carriers may be gaseous or solid or liquid or comprise mixtures of such substances and may be selected from one or more of thefollowing: a solvent, an inert carrier, wetting, stabilising, emulsifying, thickening, dispersing and surface active agents.

Sprays of a composition of this invention may comprise a solution in an organic solvent (e.g. those listed below) or an emulsion in water (dip wash or spray wash) prepared in the field from an emulsifiable concentrate (otherwise known as a watermiscible oil) or a water dispersible powder which may also be used for dipping purposes. The concentrate preferably comprises a mixture of the active ingredients, with or without an organic solvent and one or more emulsifiers. Solvents may be selectedfrom kerosene, ketones, alkanols, xylene, aromatic naphtha, and other solvents known in the formulating art. The concentration of emulsifiers may be varied within wide limits and are conveniently non-ionic or a mixture of non-ionic and anionicsurfactants. The non-ionic surfactants will include polyoxyalkylene ethers of alkyl phenols, or of alcohols. The anionic compounds include salts of alkylaryl sulphonic acids.

Dip washes may be prepared not only from emulsifiable concentrates but also from wettable powders comprising a composition of this invention in intimate admixture with an inert carrier and one or more surface active agents, and possibly astabiliser and/or an antioxidant.

Greases may be prepared from vegetable oils, synthetic esters of fatty acids or wool fat together with an inert base such as soft paraffin. A composition of this invention is preferably distributed uniformly through the mixture in solution orsuspension. Greases may also be made from emulsifiable concentrates by diluting them with an ointment base.

Pastes are also semi-solid preparations in which a composition of this invention may be present as an uniform dispersion in a suitable base such as soft or liquid paraffin or made on a non-greasy basis with glycerin, mucilage or a suitable soap. As greases and pastes are usually applied without further dilution they should contain the appropriate percentage of the composition required for treatment.

Aerosol sprays may be prepared as a simple solution of the active ingredients in the aerosol propellant and a co-solvent such as halogenated alkanes and the solvents referred to above, respectively. Pour-on formulations may be made as a solutionemulsion or suspension of a composition of this invention in a liquid medium which is of a viscosity such as to minimize loss of the formulation by run off from the surface of the animals. The pour-on formulation may be applied by a drenching gun,syringe or ladle or any other method known in the art.

A composition of the present invention preferably contains (5-95%) of a defined pyrethroid for example one selected from structural formula (II) and between (5-95%) of an organophosphorus compound defined hereinabove. The concentration of acomposition applied to the pests or to their environment may be in the range of (0.0001-20%).

It will be appreciated from the foregoing that what we will claim may comprise any novel feature described herein, principally and not exclusively, for example:

(a) A novel composition comprising an ester of formula (II) in combination with at least one organophosphorus compound;

(b) A pesticidal formulation comprising a composition as defined in paragraph (a) together with a carrier therefor;

(c) A method of producing such a formulation; and

(d) A method of controlling veterinary octoparasites of the sub-Orders Ixodoidea and Sarcoptiformers comprising the application to the ectoparasite or its environment, a composition or formulation as defined in paragraph (a) or (b).

Thefollowing Examples are provided by way of an illustration of the present invention and should not be construed as in any way constituting a limitation thereof.

EXAMPLE 1

Engorged female ticks of the Biarra strain of Boophilus microplus are immersed, in groups of 20 ticks per concentration, in a range of dilutions of the organophosphorus compound in combination with(-)-.alpha.-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(+)-cis-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl )cyclopropane-1-carboxylate (hereinafter referred to as Decamethrin) at different ratios of organophosphorus compound to Decamethrin.

The composite wash is prepared immediately prior to the test by dilution (with water) of the two constituents. The constituents may be in the form of miscible oil or wettable powder formulations. The desired range of concentrations for the testis obtained by further dilution of this master solution or wash.

The ticks are removed from the wash after 10 minutes, dried, and stuck dorsal side down on double-sided adhesive tape. They remain in this position for 14 days when the numbers laying viable eggs are determined. From this data a regression lineis plotted (concentration against % inhibition of egg-production) and the IR90 and IR99 values determined (Table 1).

IR90=concentration at which 90% inhibition of egg-production occurs.

IR99=concentration at which 99% inhibition of egg-production occurs.

The values so obtained for the composite wash are compared with similar values obtained for the constituents of the composite wash when used alone. By reference to the equation for the harmonic mean, the factor of potentiation is determined(Table 2).

Ethylan KEO is an emulsifying agent which is a nonyl phenol ethoxylate condensate with an ethylene oxide average chain length of 9.5 mols, supplied by Lankro Chemicals Ltd.

Reference Example A

Mixtures of permethrin in combination with various organophosphorus compounds were prepared at 1:1, 1:10 and 1:25 ratios (ratio permethrin to organophosphorus compound). Solutions of the pesticides alone were similarly prepared.

The individual pesticides and the mixtures were diluted appropriately and applied by means of a microsyringe to the dorsal thorax of female CTB or Piggery II strain musca domestica flies. This topical application technique was performed ontwenty females flies for each concentration of each mixture. The flies were then placed in a cardboard carton with access to sugar water for one day in order to assess mortality. Each concentration of each mixture was tested five times in a linkedsequence over a period of several weeks.

The LC50 and LC95 value of each mixture was determined by means of probit analysis. A theoretical LC50 and LC95 value was calculated for each mixture by means of the equation of the harmonic mean.

The theoretical and experimental values were then compared in order to give factors of potentiation values.

The results are given in Tables 1 to 6, which indicate that little or no potentiation was observed.