I guess you have your schedule structured i.e. summary tasks, normal tasks and milestones? Then you need to filter out the summary tasks first by creating and applying a new filter with "Summary" "equals" "No".
After you filtered on the non-summary tasks you can simply sort by the start date column and get all tasks in the desired order.

Not quite. What I want is a start day and time for each task (and preferrably... how long I should spend on it.)

For example, Friday (Today) has an odd set of working hours 10-12, then 1-4pm. I also have 5 tasks that fall within that time frame. The first one will consume 10-12 and the 1-1:30. The next 3 fit neatly into the time left, and the last one is a 1.5 hour task that starts at 4:30 (so it iwll roll over into the first hour of Monday).

I want a spreadsheet or list that tells me the start times and durations of each task so I know exactly what's going on.

I can kind of get this is I zoom in the gannt chart, but that's more analog...