Figure 6: Simulation of drug-related arrhythmias. (a) Schematic for drug binding to sodium channels. Maps of the phase variable in (b), sustained figure-of-eight reentry with 2 μM flecainide, and (c) nonsustained reentry with 20 μM lidocaine, following premature stimuli (S2). Sustained reentry occurred when applying S2 within the vulnerable window (VW) of the model with 2 μM flecainide ( ms–735 ms), but not for the model with 20 μM lidocaine ( ms–685 ms), as indicated by the 970 ms time point of (c). Figure modified from [66].