Water as a resource on the earth surface is very important to living organisms without which they cannot survive. This problem is more endemic in Africa particularly in the arid and semi–arid areas of Kenya, and has now been worsened by the global weather changes. The main objective of this study was to assess the level of water security and identify adaptation mechanisms used by the residents. The study builds upon fieldwork undertaken in the rural sub-county of Ikutha in Kitui County in Kenya. The study used mixed methods approach to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. The target population was rural water consumers. Key informants comprised of officials from the ministry of water and non-governmental organisations that have invested in water projects. Data collection methods utilised were structured questionnaires, focused group discussions, face to face interviews and direct observation. Statistical data was analysed through the Social Package of Social Sciences. The findings indicated that despite various stakeholders pulling resources together in an effort to provide safe and clean water to the residents, water scarcity still confronts many inhabitants in the sub-county. The common water sources were seasonal rivers, shallow wells, sand dams, weirs, rocks and roof catchments. However, the reliability of these sources was found to be low. This condition has forced the residents to devise adaptation mechanisms such as using sparingly, recycling water, and limiting the number of times one takes a bath. There is, therefore, an urgent call for all development stakeholders within that locality to invest more towards the attainment of water security and sustainability.