A baluarte or watchtower guarding the coast of Santander overlooking Negros.

Speak of Cebu and images of the Sto. Niño , the province’s patron, come to mind. And so does the valiant Lapu-Lapu, sweet mangoes, the famous lechon, guitars and beaches. But it is more than that. Cebu is a special and beautiful place. It is also my home.

A trip down southeastern Cebu is a trip into a history of blood, predation and the Cebuano’s attempt to defend themselves at the onslaught of Muslim slave raiders during the middle of the 17th to the middle of the 19th centuries. The spectacular Spanish colonial era churches of Argao and Boljoon reminds the visitor that these were once fortress-churches, edifices that were fenced with thick and high walls that protected the community from these marauders.

A massive watchtower in Boljoon overun with vegetation

The quadrilateral baluarte at Obong

it’s only in Cebu where the most number of existing baluartes in the country can be found However, it is a little known fact that complementing these fortress-churches was a network of baluartes, watchtowers, that can still be found along the coast of this island province. Still unrealized is the fact that it’s only in Cebu where the most number of existing baluartes in the country can be found. Structures that looked out at sea and at the sight of the raiders’ prahus alerted the townspeople.

In the case of southeastern Cebu, Fray Julian Bermejo, parish priest of Boljoon in the ealry 19th century, constructed a chain of these defensive network that stretched from Carcar to Santander that “telegraphed” through smokes the impending attack. Within minutes, the church bells in this stretch rang out to call on the people to prepare and seek refuge. So effective was this system that in 1815, the townspeople of Oslob were able to repel one such attack and was peaceful ever since. These prompted them to relocate the town to it’s present site from their fortified settlement in Daanglungsod which are now in ruins but still breathtaking.

Quadrilateral watchtower in Doong Islet in Bantayan Island

Ruins of Sta. Fe fortification

Remnants of the watchtower in Camotes Island

Watchtower and remaining wall at Catmon

In the north and southwestern part of the island, there are still remnants of these baluartes but are few and far between. However, in the aptly named Bantayan Is. (bantayan in Cebuano means “lookout area”), there are still two existing fortresses. One in Madridejos which they have converted into a park. The other in Sta. Fe has again fell to ruin and is overun with vegetation, thanks to the neglect of it’s current mayor. In the main town of Bantayan, only a few meters of the surrounding walls of the fortress-church complex remains. It’s extensive watchtowers circling the island are also gone, I was told, were demolished or destroyed by the elements. In the surrounding islets, there is only one left, in Doong.

Blockhouse at the perimeter of the fortress-church of Boljoon

Baluarte converted into a private abode

Remnants of the Oslob watchtower

Guardian atop the hill in Daanglungsod, Oslob

One of the ramparts of the fortress ruins of Daanglungsod, Oslob

Octagonal watchtower infront of the Dalaguete Church. It was used previously as a store.

The status of these structures is disheartening. Except those found in Madridejos and Fort San Pedro, the rest are in a precarious state of deterioration. Most are in ruins, neglected and left to weather away. Two which are inside a foreigner (married to a Pinay) owned resort and a lot were refurbished and converted into private cabins and many have been made into trash dumps. And no one is doing anything about the preservation of these structures. Give it a few years and this rich cultural heritage, one of Cebu’s unheralded icons of the past will be lost forever.

Estan Cabigas is freelance photographer, blogger and writer based in Makati City, the Philippines. A true blue Cebuano, he makes stunning images and meaningful photo stories. His work has been published in local and international publications including National Geographic Magazine, Geo (Germany), Sunday Times Magazine (London) and other publications.
He is also a peripatetic traveler and has traveled to all 81 Philippines provinces.
I'm open for work, collaborations and inquiries, including hotel, restaurant and site features and reviews.

[…] raiding in the late 18th century. It was because of this that he decided to construct a series of telegraphic watchtowers to warn the southern towns of impending raids, call the townsfolk to the church and prepare the […]

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