From [quote]http://factsanddetails.com/world/cat56/sub360/item1481.html

And here I sit, a phenotypically European male, fair skin, blue eyes and brown hair, but with the D2 Haplogroup, relating to my earliest ancestor. My personal DNA has also travelled around Europe, Scandinavia and the British Isles.

The details of that voyage would be incredible.

That is incredible, before you knew about the D2 heritage, did you have an affinity for any of the groups you might be related to?

Still round the corner there may wait, a new road or a secret gate. (J. R. R. Tolkien)

Neanderthal ancestors still influencing us through our genes

They are dissed as grunting phil­istines with sloping foreheads and no necks, yet Neanderthals are still having their say, through our DNA.

Seattle researchers have thrown new light on the mechan­isms that enable genetic material passed on from Neanderthals to affect many of us, influencing traits such as height and susceptib­ility to diseases such as schizophrenia and lupus.

“Neanderthal-inherited sequen­ces are not silent remnants of ancient interbreeding,” the scientists report this morning in the journal Cell.

“(They) have measurable impacts­ on gene expression that contribute to variation in modern human phenotypes.”

While Neanderthals are thought to have died out about 40,000 years ago, their DNA comprises about 2 per cent of the genomes of most modern hum­ans.

Neanderthal genetic variants have been linked with vulnerability to conditions ranging from depression and nicotine addiction to precancerous skin lesions and excessive blood clotting.

However, scientists have struggled to decipher the mechan­isms by which Neanderthal genes continue to affect us. While genetic instructions can be extracted from Neanderthal fossils — in fact, the entire Neanderthal genome was sequenced in 2010 — scientists cannot recover the RNA that helped transmit this genetic information.

It is therefore not clear whether Neanderthal genes functioned in the same way as their modern human counterparts.

To answer this question, the researchers mined a genetic database and associated tissue bank called the Genotype-Tissue Expressio­n Project.

They looked for people who carried both Neanderthal and modern human versions of particular genes, with one of these “alleles” inherited from each parent.

For each such gene, the scientists compared how the two ­alleles functioned in 52 different tissues.

Lead author Rajiv McCoy, from the University of Washington, said they behaved differently in about one-quarter of the sites tested.

Co-author Joshua Akey, who helped last year to identify 12 Neande­rthal genes linked with increased risk of significant diseases, said the new study showed that Neanderthal DNA sequences still affected how genes were turned on or off in modern human­s.

“Even 50,000 years after the last human-Neanderthal mating, we can still see measurable impacts­ on gene expression,” Professor Akey said.

Some experts have linked the movement of DNA to what they call cultural movements, two of these are the Corded Ware Cultures (c. 2900 BCE – circa 2350 BCE, )and the Bell Beaker Culture (ca. 2800 – 1800BC,)

These originated on the Asiatic Steppes region and were allegedly moving around Europe bringing the Asiatic Stepppe DNA with them.

I don't really subscribe to that view. The Corded Ware and Bell Beakers were types of pottery in use during the periods mentioned above, and traces of which have been found throughout parts of Europe.

My view is that, before the Silk Road trade route reached it's peak, (Around 120 BCE – 1450s CE), trade was being conducted from far away places, like the Asiatic Steppe to Western Europe. I favour the idea that the pottery types were either copied by women who had travelled to the Steppes with their husbands/fathers on trading trips, or the "technology" was taken to Central and Western Europe by young women who had either married or been enslaved by European traders.

I don't see that the actual "culture" of the steppe people, and their DNA, was necessarily travelling around Europe, just the know how to make these two well documented types of pottery.

I've not found any references which categorically argues against my views.

From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.(Chief Joseph)

From [quote]http://factsanddetails.com/world/cat56/sub360/item1481.html

And here I sit, a phenotypically European male, fair skin, blue eyes and brown hair, but with the D2 Haplogroup, relating to my earliest ancestor. My personal DNA has also travelled around Europe, Scandinavia and the British Isles.

The details of that voyage would be incredible.

That is incredible, before you knew about the D2 heritage, did you have an affinity for any of the groups you might be related to?

My maternal bloodline is Irish, but my mother's DNA goes way back to Eastern Europe.

When I received my YDNA results, I was pretty much stunned.

I've had an affinity for Ireland and the Irish for quite some years.

From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.(Chief Joseph)

There are millions who have Genghis Kahn as an ancestor (not Attila the Hun).

I was asking if they knew if it was male or female neanderthals, from which the neanderthal DNA comes from. So Vanuatu said, no mitochondrial neanderthal DNA. (I believe mitochondrial comes from the mother...?)

Researchers have also studied ancient DNA from anatomically modern Homo sapiens from Europe dating to the same time period as the Neanderthals. Material from two Paglicci Cave, Italy individuals, dated to 23,000 and 25,000 years old, was sequenced. The Paglicci Homo sapiens mtDNA sequences were different from all Neanderthal mtDNA sequences but were within the range of variation for modern human mtDNA sequences (Caramelli et al. 2003). Mitochondrial DNA from the Paglicci specimens as well as other ancient humans fit within the range of modern humans, but the Neanderthals remain consistently genetically distinct. This shows that early anatomically modern Homo sapiens were not very different genetically from current modern humans, but were still different from Neanderthals. Though this evidence does not disprove the idea of Neanderthal and modern human admixture, it shows that moderns and Neanderthals did not have more genetic similarities during the Pleistocene that were subsequently lost. If interbreeding did occur, Neanderthal mtDNA sequences could have been lost due to genetic drift.

Still round the corner there may wait, a new road or a secret gate. (J. R. R. Tolkien)

There are millions who have Genghis Kahn as an ancestor (not Attila the Hun).

I was asking if they knew if it was male or female neanderthals, from which the neanderthal DNA comes from. So Vanuatu said, no mitochondrial neanderthal DNA. (I believe mitochondrial comes from the mother...?)

See http://dienekes.blogspot.com.au/2011/08/no-evidence-for-neandertal-admixture.html

Neanderthal MtDNA has been extracted, and shown to be not present in modern humans.

See http://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.0020057

The retrieval of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from four Neandertal fossils from Germany, Russia, and Croatia has demonstrated that these individuals carried closely related mtDNAs that are not found among current humans. However, these results do not definitively resolve the question of a possible Neandertal contribution to the gene pool of modern humans since such a contribution might have been erased by genetic drift or by the continuous influx of modern human DNA into the Neandertal gene pool. A further concern is that if some Neandertals carried mtDNA sequences similar to contemporaneous humans, such sequences may be erroneously regarded as modern contaminations when retrieved from fossils. Here we address these issues by the analysis of 24 Neandertal and 40 early modern human remains. The biomolecular preservation of four Neandertals and of five early modern humans was good enough to suggest the preservation of DNA. All four Neandertals yielded mtDNA sequences similar to those previously determined from Neandertal individuals, whereas none of the five early modern humans contained such mtDNA sequences. In combination with current mtDNA data, this excludes any large genetic contribution by Neandertals to early modern humans, but does not rule out the possibility of a smaller contribution.

See alsohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic_human_admixture_with_modern_humans

Through whole-genome sequencing, a 2010 draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome revealed that Neanderthals shared more alleles with Eurasian populations (e.g. French, Han Chinese, and Papua New Guinean) than with Sub-Saharan African populations (e.g. Yoruba and San).[2] According to the study, the observed excess of genetic similarity is best explained by recent gene flow from Neanderthals to modern humans after the migration out of Africa.[2] The proportion of Neanderthal-derived ancestry was estimated to be 1–4% of the Eurasian genome.[2] In 2013, the same team of researchers revised the proportion to an estimated 1.5–2.1%.[3] They also found that the Neanderthal component in non-African modern humans was more related to the Mezmaiskaya Neanderthal (Caucasus) than to the Altai Neanderthal (Siberia) or the Vindija Neanderthals (Croatia).[3] Analyzing the genomes of Europeans and East Asians, it has been found that about 20% of the Neanderthal genome is still present in the modern human population.[4]

So, while there is no similarity with the modern MtDNA, obviously MtDNA has been extracted from ancient artifacts.

From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.(Chief Joseph)

Ancient Aliens TV series, (Origins of Man) asks why we homo sapien sapien would loose body hair when we needed animal skins and fur to survive after losing it? And how would it be a successful adaptation if man wasn't changed at the level of DNA by aliens? If he didn't know about fire and tool making he'd be at peril (Naked Ape). The Sumerians had the Annunaki -being creators of man, giving language to man. Lots of other myths with sky gods giving man language.

Whereas Conservatives say, if we don't know why it is there, leave it alone.

To edit or not to edit, that is the question?

Hippocrates says do no harm. (Hippocratic Oath)

Yea I'll have the last laugh in my tinfoil hat.

Deoxyribonucleic acid. Genetically engineered by aliens, editing the fetus creating breeding pairs. The offspring still breed with the various other types of hominids "original sin." God /aliens flood the earth but save Noah, to keep the experiment going.

Oh and the DNA editing today is about parents wanting their fetus to be altered for height, hair/ eye color.

Still round the corner there may wait, a new road or a secret gate. (J. R. R. Tolkien)

Ancient Skulls Found in China Could Belong to an Unidentified Human Species

A team of scientists has discovered two partial human skulls in central China that could possibly belong to an unspecified archaic human species. The skulls are 105,000 to 125,000 years old, and they carry a distinctive blend of contemporary human and Neanderthal features. The skulls were found during excavations at Lingjing, Xuchang County in Henan Province, between 2007 and 2014.

Read the remainder of this report at the above link.

It seems that there is a new twist every month or so.

From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.(Chief Joseph)

There could have been civilizations before the Etruscans and Assyrians, suddenly gone bc of earth quakes, conquest, slavery. Technology and culture left behind.

I would have thought that there probably was, but this article touches on the admixture of Human YDNA, and the possibility/probability that apart from Home Sapien, Neanderthal and Denisovan cross breeding, there was yet another people who were or could have been involved.

As technology gains new footholds, it's possible that other species will be found to have bred with some or all of the above.

Homo Sapien Sapiens came out of Africa, but whom did they encounter on their travels?

From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.(Chief Joseph)

I think geneticists and other medical scientists are between a rock and a hard place.

It's possible to detect some future diseases in humans, such as Cancer, through examination of certain genes. If this was performed in vitro, and that gene deliberately altered so that the disease/illness could never occur, it would add to the life span of human beings. But at what expense?

The world is facing a food crisis within the next hundred years or so, due to overpopulation and natural events. To add to the overpopulation by genetically altered humans would raise heated debate on the matter.

Are we about to breed ourselves into oblivion?

As to aliens, as I've written ad nauseum, I personally won't rule them in or out, I simply don't know.

From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.(Chief Joseph)

Water is the next crisis, it is the crisis now but much like a mortgage bubble this just hasn't burst yet.

Some fitness experts say that humans should live to be 120 years old. If we didn't kill ourselves with food additives and pharmaceuticals. Also have the corn conspiracy where the chemicals being sprayed will de-sex us over time. We will have great swaths of non reproducing jack-asses.

No evolutionary reason for us to lose fur AND survive unless we were smart enough to cover up.

Still round the corner there may wait, a new road or a secret gate. (J. R. R. Tolkien)

Yes, if we all lived pure healthy lives, shunning all of those foodstuffs which are bad for us, but are heaven to the taste, and if we exercised regularly and looked after our bodies-no TV, no movies, we would all live long boring miserable lives.

About the only pleasure left for most of us would be the occasional indoor gymnastics.

From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.(Chief Joseph)

A friend pointed out that human skin is attached to the muscle, whereas animal skin (for example dog) have loose skin, but I am not sure what the evolutionary advantage is, nor whether other animals (vertebrates) have this attachment between skin and muscle also, (dolphin, water creatures?).

A friend pointed out that human skin is attached to the muscle, whereas animal skin (for example dog) have loose skin, but I am not sure what the evolutionary advantage is, nor whether other animals (vertebrates) have this attachment between skin and muscle also, (dolphin, water creatures?).

Yes, but this doesn't get to the heart of the OP.

There are many authoratative articles on the internet about genetics and human history/development.

I'd really like to know more about the cross breeding that took place between Homo Sapiens Sapiens, Neanderthals, Denisovand, and any other species or sub-species of man, such as Heildelbergensis, Peking Man and so on.

From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever.(Chief Joseph)

It is a tangential, think of it as "genetic drift." 'if you get my drift...'

but seriously, if you can tighten it up and bring it more to the point, do so.

However, I do wonder why man's skin is tight, and animal's skin is loose, what kind of environs, natural or manmade influenced evolution to create it that way.

It is not really genetics, but it is part of the natural history of mankind. Some kind of forces introduced this change into the human makeup, and I am sure there is an evolutionary (genetic) response.

If a dog is bitten by another dog he won't necessarily be immobilized. The dog can still potentially swing around to bite even if he is bitten at the neck. Loose skin is for hunters like the sharpei, hounds, wolves too.

Still round the corner there may wait, a new road or a secret gate. (J. R. R. Tolkien)

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