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23 Cards in this Set

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An economic theory designed to increase a nation's wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade

Mercantilism

1763
- End of which caused Britain to impose tax
- Treaty of Paris – no westward expansion
How to pay for war and administration of colonies?
Sugar Act (1764)
Stamp Act (1765)
- No taxation without representation
- Sons of Liberty: boycotts

French and Indian War

Meeting of representatives of nine of the thirteen colonies held in New York City in 1765, during which representatives drafted a document to send to the king listing how their rights had been violated

Stamp Act Congress

(1765)No taxation without representation

Stamp Act

Meeting held in Philidelphia from September 5 to October 26, 1774, in which 56 delegates (from every colony except Georgia) adopted a resolution in opposition to the Coercive Acts.

First Continental Congress

Type of government where the national government derives its powers from the states; a league of independant states.

Confederation

The compact among the thirteen original states that was the basis of their government. Written in 1776, the _____ were not ratifed by all the states until 1781.

Articles of Confederation

* Congress didn't have the power to tax
* Do not have the resources to back up currency
* States; Congress did not have the power to regulate commerce
* No national executive or judiciary
* Lack of strong central government
1781-1789 was “critical period”
* Congress rarely could assemble quorum
* When they met, little agreement on policy
* Economic turmoil
* Chaotic regulation of trade among states and with foreign nations
* No provision of judicial system
* Crumbling economy

Problems under Articles

A document establishing the structure, functions and limitations of a government.

Constitution

The first general plan for Constitution, proposed by James Madison. Its key points were a bicameral legislature, an executive chosen by the legislature, and a judiciary also named by the legislature.

Virginia Plan

A framework for the Constiution proposed by a group of small states; its key points were a one-house legislature with one vote for each state, the establishment of the acts of congress as the "Supreme Law" of the land, and a supreme judiciary with limited power

New Jersey Plan

A decision made during the Constitutional convention to give each state the same number of representatives in the Senate regardless of size, representatives in the House was determined by population.

Great Compromise

Way of dividing power among three branches of government in which members of the House of Representatives, members of the Senate, the President, and the federal courts are selected by and responsible to different constituencies. Members of branches are selected by and responsible to different constituencies

Seperation of Powers

A governmental structure that gives each of the three branches of government some degree of oversight and control over the actions of the others

Checks and Balances

Favored a stronger national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution;
Later became the first political party in the U.S.

Federalist

Favored strong state governments and a weak national government; Opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution

Anti-Federalists

Series of 85 political papers written by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison in supprt of ratification of the U.S Constitution

Federalist Papers

the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution.

The Bill of Rights

Method of Proposal:
- By two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress, or
- By national constitutional convention called by Congress at the request of the state legislatures.

Method of ratification:
- By legislatures in three-fourths of the states
- By conventions in three-fourths of the states

Amendment process

27

Number of Amendments

The father of Constitution

James Madison

Colonial Rule; Self autonomy, locally elected assembles

(1605-1763) The origins of a new nation

Powers derived from the enumerated powers and the necessary and proper clause. These powers are not stated specifically but are considered to be reasonably implied through the exercise of delegated powers.
- They are not listed in the constitution.
- "Example: the coin money is implied