This study explores how different kinds of nominal expressions such as names, noun phrases and pronouns develop anaphoric relations among each another that have reference to physical elements. Providing a thorough and comprehensive introduction to modern binding theory, this book introduces a variety of nominal and, especially, pronominal expressions from the world's languages. Including numerous exercises and examples, the textbook will be invaluable to graduate and advanced undergraduate students of syntax and semantics.Contents1. The ABC of binding theory2. Interpreting indexed structures3. Domains and orientation4. Binding versus co-reference5. Other cases of semantic binding6. The co-reference rule7. Descriptive pronouns and individual concepts8. Semantic binding and c-command9. Plurals10. Reciprocals11. Exempt anaphora and reflexivity12. Binding and movement.