In October 2007, manufacturers voluntarily withdrew over-the-counter infant cough and cold medications from the U.S. market. A year later, manufacturers announced labels would be revised to warn against use by children under age 4. A study in the December 2013 Pediatrics tracks whether emergency visits for young children for drug ingestions changed as a result.

Before the withdrawal of the infant cough and cold medications, children under age 2 accounted for 4.1 percent of all emergency visits for adverse drug events. After the market withdrawal, they represented 2.4 percent of such visits. Among children ages 2 to 3, emergency visits for adverse drug events decreased from 9.5 percent of all adverse drug visits, to 6.5 percent following the label change. During this time, unsupervised ingestions caused the most adverse drug events by young children.