The company was restructured in 2012 as a spin off from Kraft Foods Inc., which in turn was renamed Mondelēz International. The new Kraft Foods Group was focused mainly on grocery products for the North American market while Mondelēz is focused on international confectionery and snack brands, until the merger with Heinz, Kraft Foods Group was an independent public company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange.

In August 2011, Kraft Foods Inc. announced plans to split into two publicly traded companies—a snack food company and a grocery company.[10]

On April 2, 2012, Kraft Foods Inc. announced that it had filed a Form 10 Registration Statement to the SEC to split the company into two companies to serve the "North American grocery business."[11]

On October 1, 2012, Kraft Foods Inc. spun off its North American grocery business to a new company called Kraft Foods Group, Inc. The remainder of Kraft Foods Inc. was renamed Mondelēz International, Inc. and was refocused as an international snack and confection company.[12]

On November 19, 2013, it was ruled that Starbucks will have to pay Kraft Foods Inc. $2.7 billion because of an early contract termination. The money will go to Mondelēz International, Inc.[13]

On March 25, 2015, Kraft Foods Group Inc. announced that it would merge with the H.J. Heinz Company, owned by 3G Capital and Berkshire Hathaway Inc., to form the world's fifth-largest food and beverage company.[14] Kraft's shares rose about 17 percent in premarket trading after the announcement of the deal, which will bring Heinz back to the public market following its takeover two years ago,[15] the companies completed the merger on July 2, 2015.[16]

Kraft is an official partner and sponsor of both Major League Soccer and the National Hockey League. Kraft Hockeyville originally began in 2006 as a Canadian reality television series developed by CBC/SRC Sports and sponsored by Kraft Foods in which communities across Canada compete to demonstrate their commitment to the sport of ice hockey. The contest revolves around a central theme of community spirit, the winning community gets a cash prize dedicated to upgrading their local home arena, as well as the opportunity to host an NHL preseason game. In 2007, it was then relegated to segments aired during Hockey Night in Canada; in 2015, Kraft Hockeyville was expanded into the United States, with a separate competition for communities in America.

For years, Kraft purchased paper for its packaging from Asia Pulp & Paper, the third-largest paper producer in the world, which was labeled as a "forest criminal" for destroying "precious habitat" in Indonesia's rainforest.[20] In 2011, when Kraft canceled its contract with Asia Pulp & Paper, Greenpeace Executive Director Phil Radford commended Kraft for efforts made towards forest protection, for "taking rainforest conservation seriously."[21]

In April 2013, Hari and Leake delivered a petition with some 270,000 signatures to Kraft headquarters in Chicago, Ill., and asked the company to change its macaroni and cheese recipes.[23][24]

In October 2013, Kraft announced that it would remove artificial dyes from three macaroni and cheese varieties made in kid-friendly shapes, but not its plain elbow-shaped Kraft Macaroni and Cheese product with "original flavor."[25]

1.
Mondelez International
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Mondelez International, Inc. styled Mondelēz, is an American multinational confectionery, food, and beverage company based in Illinois which employs about 107,000 people around the world. It consists of the snack and food brands of the former Kraft Foods Inc after the October 2012 spin-off of its North American grocery operations. The Mondelez name, adopted in 2012, was suggested by Kraft Foods employees and is a combination of the words for world, the company, headquartered in the Chicago suburb of Deerfield, Illinois, manufactures chocolate, biscuits, gum, confectionery, and powdered beverages. Mondelez Internationals portfolio includes several billion-dollar brands such as Oreo, Chips Ahoy. TUC, Belvita, Triscuit, LU, Nabisco, Club Social, Barni, the company has an annual revenue of about $30 billion and operates in approximately 165 countries. Mondelez Canada holds the rights to Christie Brown and Company, which consists of such as Mr. Christie. Its head office is in Mississauga, Ontario, with operations in Scarborough, Mondelez International is rooted in the National Dairy Products Corporation, which was founded on December 10,1923, by Thomas H. McInnerney. The company was formed to execute a strategy in the fragmented United States ice cream industry. McInnerney operated the Hydrox Corporation, a Chicago ice-cream company, in 1923 he went to Wall Street to ask investment bankers to finance his plan to consolidate the United States ice-cream industry. McInnerney initially encountered resistance, with one banker disparaging the dairy industry and he persevered, convincing a consortium to finance a rollup strategy. As a result, National Dairy was formed with the merger of McInnerneys Hydrox with the Rieck McJunkin Dairy Company of Pittsburgh, the company was listed on the New York Stock Exchange, with its initial public offering of 125,000 shares oversubscribed. National Dairy grew quickly through a number of acquisitions, typical of a rollup strategy. His first year of operations was dismal, when he lost $3,000, however, the business took hold and Kraft was joined by his four brothers to form the J. L. Kraft and Bros. In 1912, the established a headquarters in New York City to prepare for international expansion. By 1914 thirty-one varieties of cheese were sold across the US, in 1915 the company developed pasteurized processed cheese, which did not require refrigeration and had a longer shelf life than conventional cheese. The following year Kraft began national advertising and made its first acquisition, in 1924, the company changed its name to the Kraft Cheese Company and was listed on the Chicago Stock Exchange. Two years later, it was listed on the New York Stock Exchange, Kraft then began to consolidate the US dairy industry through acquisition, competing with National Dairy and Borden. Acquisitions included, In 1928 Kraft acquired the Phenix Cheese Company, manufacturer of Philadelphia cream cheese, the following year, The New York Times reported that Kraft Phenix, the Hershey Company, and Colgate were considering a merger

2.
Kraft Foods Inc.
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Kraft Foods Inc. was an American multinational confectionery, food and beverage conglomerate. It marketed many brands in more than 170 countries,12 of its brands annually earned more than $1 billion worldwide, Cadbury, Jacobs, Kraft, LU, Maxwell House, Milka, Nabisco, Oreo, Oscar Mayer, Philadelphia, Trident, Tang. Forty of its brands are at least a century old, the company was headquartered in Northfield, Illinois, a Chicago suburb. Its European headquarters was in Glattpark, Opfikon, Switzerland, near Zürich, Kraft was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and became a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on September 22,2008, replacing the American International Group. In August 2011, the announced plans to split into a North American grocery business. The snack company, Mondelēz International Inc. is recognized as Kraft Foods legal successor, while the company was named Kraft Foods. Kraft Foods traced its roots to the National Dairy Products Corporation, formed on December 10,1923, the firm was initially set up to execute on a rollup strategy in the then fragmented United States ice cream industry. Through acquisitions it expanded into a range of dairy products. By 1930 it was the largest dairy company in the United States, McInnerney operated the Hydrox Corporation, an ice cream company located in Chicago, Illinois. In 1923 he went to Wall Street to convince investment bankers there to finance his scheme for consolidating the United States ice cream industry and he initially found hard sledding with one banker saying the dairy industry lacked dignity. He persevered and convinced a consortium including Goldman Sachs and Lehman Brothers to finance a roll-up strategy, as a result of his efforts, National Dairy Products Corporation was formed in 1923 in a merger of McInnerneys Hydrox with Rieck McJunkin Dairy Co of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The resulting firm was listed on the New York Stock Exchange with the offer of 125,000 shares having been oversubscribed. The firm grew quickly through a number of acquisitions. As it is typical in a strategy, acquisitions were primarily for stock in National rather than cash. However, the business took hold and Kraft was joined by his four brothers to form J. L. Kraft, as early as 1911, circulars and advertisements were in use by the company. In 1912, the company established its New York City, New York, by 1914, thirty-one varieties of cheeses were being sold around the U. S. because of heavy product development, expansion by marketing, and opening a wholly owned cheese factory in Illinois. In 1915, the company had invented pasteurized processed cheese that did not need refrigeration, the process was patented in 1916 and about six million pounds of the product were sold to the U. S. Army for military rations during World War I. In 1916, the company began advertising and had made its first acquisition—a Canadian cheese company

3.
Kraft Heinz
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The Kraft Heinz Company is an American worldwide food company formed by the merger of Kraft Foods Group and Heinz in 2015. The merger was backed by 3G Capital and Berkshire Hathaway, which invested US$10 billion in the deal, in 2015 the Kraft Heinz Company had 13 different brands with $500 million or more each in annual sales. The merger was agreed by the boards of companies, with approval by shareholders and regulatory authorities. The new company became the worlds fifth-largest food and beverage company, the company is headquartered in both Pittsburgh and Chicago. The companies completed the merger on July 2,2015, under the merger, Krafts shareholders received 49% of shares in the combined company, plus a one-time dividend of US$16.50 per share. Fortune reports that growth for Kraft in the US market is due to consumers turning to natural. The merger did not affect the rights to Heinz Field. The take over was subsequently abandoned on 19 February soon after UK Prime Minister Theresa May had ordered a scrutiny of the deal, List of food companies List of brand name food products List of dairy product companies in the United States Kim, Susanna. How the New Kraft Heinz Co, is About to Take Over Your Kitchen

4.
Food processing
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Food processing is the transformation of raw ingredients, by physical or chemical means into food, or of food into other forms. Food processing combines raw food ingredients to produce food products that can be easily prepared and served by the consumer. Salt-preservation was especially common for foods that constituted warrior and sailors diets until the introduction of canning methods and these tried and tested processing techniques remained essentially the same until the advent of the industrial revolution. Examples of ready-meals also date back to before the preindustrial revolution, both during ancient times and today in modern society these are considered processed foods. Modern food processing technology developed in the 19th and 20th centuries was developed in a part to serve military needs. Although initially expensive and somewhat hazardous due to the used in cans. Pasteurization, discovered by Louis Pasteur in 1864, improved the quality of preserved foods and introduced the wine, beer, in the late 20th century, products such as dried instant soups, reconstituted fruits and juices, and self cooking meals such as MRE food ration were developed. In western Europe and North America, the half of the 20th century witnessed a rise in the pursuit of convenience. Food processing companies marketed their products especially towards middle-class working wives, frozen foods found their success in sales of juice concentrates and TV dinners. Processors utilised the perceived value of time to appeal to the population. Benefits of food processing include toxin removal, preservation, easing marketing and distribution tasks, modern supermarkets would not exist without modern food processing techniques, and long voyages would not be possible. Processed foods are less susceptible to early spoilage than fresh foods and are better suited for long distance transportation from the source to the consumer. When they were first introduced, some processed foods helped to alleviate food shortages, processing can also reduce the incidence of food borne disease. Fresh materials, such as produce and raw meats, are more likely to harbour pathogenic micro-organisms capable of causing serious illnesses. The extremely varied modern diet is only possible on a wide scale because of food processing. Transportation of more exotic foods, as well as the elimination of much hard labour gives the modern eater easy access to a variety of food unimaginable to their ancestors. The act of processing can often improve the taste of food significantly, mass production of food is much cheaper overall than individual production of meals from raw ingredients. Therefore, a profit potential exists for the manufacturers and suppliers of processed food products

5.
Northfield, Illinois
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Northfield is an affluent village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, located approximately 19 miles north of downtown Chicago. It is part of a collection of residential communities north of Chicago that belong to New Trier Township. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,420. Northfield is located in Northfield Township, Cook County at 42°6N 87°46W, according to the 2010 census, Northfield has a total area of 3.21 square miles, all land. As of the census of 2000, there were 5,389 people,2,155 households, the population density was 1,822.4 people per square mile. There were 2,241 housing units at a density of 757.9 per square mile. The racial makeup of the village was 92. 48% White,0. 52% African American,0. 04% Native American,5. 57% Asian,0. 43% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 67% of the population. 26. 1% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.04. In the village, the population was out with 25. 9% under the age of 18,3. 4% from 18 to 24,21. 9% from 25 to 44,28. 0% from 45 to 64. The median age was 44 years, for every 100 females there were 90.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.0 males, the median income for a household in the village was $91,313, and the median income for a family was $114,279. Males had an income of $85,788 versus $36,567 for females. The per capita income for the village was $63,857, about 1. 2% of families and 1. 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1. 2% of those under age 18 and 0. 9% of those age 65 or over. Northfield is home to New Trier High Schools freshman campus, Northfield houses Middlefork and Sunset Ridge School. It shares its ZIP code with Winnetka, the high school is New Trier High School. A small part of Northfield is served by Avoca School District 37 in Wilmette, an even smaller part is served by Glenview School District 34 in Glenview. Christian Heritage Academy is a school in Northfield that serves students in preschool through twelfth grade. They offer a Christian based educaton, equipping students to be followers of Jesus Christ

6.
Illinois
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Illinois is a state in the midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1818. It is the 6th most populous state and 25th largest state in terms of land area, the word Illinois comes from a French rendering of a native Algonquin word. For decades, OHare International Airport has been ranked as one of the worlds busiest airports, Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics. With the War of 1812 Illinois growth slowed as both Native Americans and Canadian forces often raided the American Frontier, mineral finds and timber stands also had spurred immigration—by the 1810s, the Eastern U. S. Railroads arose and matured in the 1840s, and soon carried immigrants to new homes in Illinois, as well as being a resource to ship their commodity crops out to markets. Railroads freed most of the land of Illinois and other states from the tyranny of water transport. By 1900, the growth of jobs in the northern cities and coal mining in the central and southern areas attracted a new group of immigrants. Illinois was an important manufacturing center during both world wars, the Great Migration from the South established a large community of African Americans in Chicago, who created the citys famous jazz and blues cultures. Three U. S. presidents have been elected while living in Illinois, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, additionally, Ronald Reagan, whose political career was based in California, was the only U. S. president born and raised in Illinois. Today, Illinois honors Lincoln with its official slogan, Land of Lincoln. The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum is located in the capital of Springfield. Illinois is the spelling for the early French Catholic missionaries and explorers name for the Illinois Native Americans. American scholars previously thought the name Illinois meant man or men in the Miami-Illinois language and this etymology is not supported by the Illinois language, as the word for man is ireniwa and plural men is ireniwaki. The name Illiniwek has also said to mean tribe of superior men. The name Illinois derives from the Miami-Illinois verb irenwe·wa he speaks the regular way and this was taken into the Ojibwe language, perhaps in the Ottawa dialect, and modified into ilinwe·. The French borrowed these forms, changing the ending to spell it as -ois. The current spelling form, Illinois, began to appear in the early 1670s, the Illinois name for themselves, as attested in all three of the French missionary-period dictionaries of Illinois, was Inoka, of unknown meaning and unrelated to the other terms. American Indians of successive cultures lived along the waterways of the Illinois area for thousands of years before the arrival of Europeans, the Koster Site has been excavated and demonstrates 7,000 years of continuous habitation

7.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci

8.
Kraft Foods
–
Kraft Foods Group, Inc. is an American manufacturing and processing conglomerate headquartered in the Chicago suburb of Northfield, Illinois. The company was restructured in 2012 as a spin off from Kraft Foods Inc. which in turn was renamed Mondelēz International, the new Kraft Foods Group was focused mainly on grocery products for the North American market while Mondelēz is focused on international confectionery and snack brands. Until the merger with Heinz, Kraft Foods Group was an independent public company listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange, in August 2011, Kraft Foods Inc. announced plans to split into two publicly traded companies—a snack food company and a grocery company. On April 2,2012, Kraft Foods Inc. announced that it had filed a Form 10 Registration Statement to the SEC to split the company into two companies to serve the North American grocery business. On October 1,2012, Kraft Foods Inc. spun off its North American grocery business to a new company called Kraft Foods Group, the remainder of Kraft Foods Inc. was renamed Mondelēz International, Inc. and was refocused as an international snack and confection company. On November 19,2013, it was ruled that Starbucks will have to pay Kraft Foods Inc. $2.7 billion because of a contract termination. The money will go to Mondelēz International, Inc, krafts shares rose about 17 percent in premarket trading after the announcement of the deal, which will bring Heinz back to the public market following its takeover two years ago. The companies completed the merger on July 2,2015, Kraft is an official partner and sponsor of both Major League Soccer and the National Hockey League. The contest revolves around a theme of community spirit. The winning community gets a cash prize dedicated to upgrading their local home arena, in 2007, it was then relegated to segments aired during Hockey Night in Canada. In 2015, Kraft Hockeyville was expanded into the United States, from 2002 to 2014, Kraft sponsored the Kraft Nabisco Championship, one of the four majors on the LPGA tour. The company also sponsored the Kraft Fight Hunger Bowl, a college football bowl game. In 2011, Kraft has released an app called Big Fork Little Fork which, in addition to games. The companys core businesses are in beverage, cheese, dairy foods, snack foods, in April 2013, Hari and Leake delivered a petition with some 270,000 signatures to Kraft headquarters in Chicago, Ill. and asked the company to change its macaroni and cheese recipes. List of Kraft brands List of dairy companies in the United States General Foods Ovson Egg Media related to Kraft Foods at Wikimedia Commons Official website

9.
Chairman
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The chairman is the highest officer of an organized group such as a board, a committee, or a deliberative assembly. The person holding the office is elected or appointed by the members of the group. The chair presides over meetings of the group and conducts its business in an orderly fashion. When the group is not in session, the officers duties include acting as its head, its representative to the outside world. In some organizations, this position is called president, in others, where a board appoints a president. Other terms sometimes used for the office and its holder include chair, chairperson, chairwoman, presiding officer, president, moderator, facilitator, the chairman of a parliamentary chamber is often called the speaker. The term chair is used in lieu of chairman, in response to criticisms that using chairman is sexist. In his 1992 State of the Union address, then-U. S, president George H. W. Bush used chairman for men and chair for women. A1994 Canadian study found the Toronto Star newspaper referring to most presiding men as chairman, the Chronicle of Higher Education uses chairman for men and chairperson for women. An analysis of the British National Corpus found chairman used 1,142 times, chairperson 130 times, the National Association of Parliamentarians does not approve using chairperson. In World Schools Style debating, male chairs are called Mr. Chairman, the FranklinCovey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication, as well as the American Psychological Association style guide, advocate using chair or chairperson, rather than chairman. The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style suggests that the forms are gaining ground. It advocates using chair to refer both to men and to women, the word chair can refer to the place from which the holder of the office presides, whether on a chair, at a lectern, or elsewhere. During meetings, the person presiding is said to be in the chair and is referred to as the chair. Major dictionaries state that the word derives from chair and man, some authorities, however, including Riddicks Rules of Procedure, suggest that the second part of chairman derives from the Latin manus, and thus claim gender-neutrality for the word. Vladimir Lenin, for example, officially functioned as the head of Soviet Russia not as tsar or as president, note in particular the popular standard method for referring to Mao Zedong, Chairman Mao. In the absence of the chairman and vice chairman, groups sometimes elect a chairman pro tempore to fill the role for a single meeting. In some organizations that have titles, deputy chairman ranks higher than vice chairman, as there are often multiple vice chairs

10.
United States dollar
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The United States dollar is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution. It is divided into 100 smaller cent units, the circulating paper money consists of Federal Reserve Notes that are denominated in United States dollars. The U. S. dollar was originally commodity money of silver as enacted by the Coinage Act of 1792 which determined the dollar to be 371 4/16 grain pure or 416 grain standard silver, the currency most used in international transactions, it is the worlds primary reserve currency. Several countries use it as their currency, and in many others it is the de facto currency. Besides the United States, it is used as the sole currency in two British Overseas Territories in the Caribbean, the British Virgin Islands and Turks and Caicos Islands. A few countries use the Federal Reserve Notes for paper money, while the country mints its own coins, or also accepts U. S. coins that can be used as payment in U. S. dollars. After Nixon shock of 1971, USD became fiat currency, Article I, Section 8 of the U. S. Constitution provides that the Congress has the power To coin money, laws implementing this power are currently codified at 31 U. S. C. Section 5112 prescribes the forms in which the United States dollars should be issued and these coins are both designated in Section 5112 as legal tender in payment of debts. The Sacagawea dollar is one example of the copper alloy dollar, the pure silver dollar is known as the American Silver Eagle. Section 5112 also provides for the minting and issuance of other coins and these other coins are more fully described in Coins of the United States dollar. The Constitution provides that a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and that provision of the Constitution is made specific by Section 331 of Title 31 of the United States Code. The sums of money reported in the Statements are currently being expressed in U. S. dollars, the U. S. dollar may therefore be described as the unit of account of the United States. The word dollar is one of the words in the first paragraph of Section 9 of Article I of the Constitution, there, dollars is a reference to the Spanish milled dollar, a coin that had a monetary value of 8 Spanish units of currency, or reales. In 1792 the U. S. Congress passed a Coinage Act, Section 20 of the act provided, That the money of account of the United States shall be expressed in dollars, or units. And that all accounts in the offices and all proceedings in the courts of the United States shall be kept and had in conformity to this regulation. In other words, this act designated the United States dollar as the unit of currency of the United States, unlike the Spanish milled dollar the U. S. dollar is based upon a decimal system of values. Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the form is significantly more common

11.
Earnings before interest and taxes
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In accounting and finance, earnings before interest and taxes, is a measure of a firms profit that includes all expenses except interest and income tax expenses. It is the difference between operating revenues and operating expenses, when a firm does not have non-operating income, then operating income is sometimes used as a synonym for EBIT and operating profit. To calculate EBIT, expenses are subtracted from revenues, net income is later obtained by subtracting interest and taxes from the result

12.
Net income
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In business, net income is an entitys income minus cost of goods sold, expenses and taxes for an accounting period. In the context of the presentation of financial statements, the IFRS Foundation defines net income as synonymous with profit, net income is a distinct accounting concept from profit but the same as net profit. Net income can also be calculated by adding a companys operating income to non-operating income, net income can be distributed among holders of common stock as a dividend or held by the firm as an addition to retained earnings. As profit and earnings are used synonymously for income, net earnings, often, the term income is substituted for net income, yet this is not preferred due to the possible ambiguity. Net income is called the bottom line because it is typically found on the last line of a companys income statement. The items deducted will typically include tax expense, financing expense, likewise, preferred stock dividends will be subtracted too, though they are not an expense. For a merchandising company, subtracted costs may be the cost of goods sold, sales discounts, for a product company advertising, manufacturing, and design and development costs are included

13.
Asset
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In financial accounting, an asset is an economic resource. Anything tangible or intangible that can be owned or controlled to produce value, simply stated, assets represent value of ownership that can be converted into cash. The balance sheet of a firm records the value of the assets owned by that firm. It covers money and other valuables belonging to an individual or to a business, one can classify assets into two major asset classes, tangible assets and intangible assets. Tangible assets contain various subclasses, including current assets and fixed assets, current assets include inventory, while fixed assets include such items as buildings and equipment. Intangible assets are resources and rights that have a value to the firm because they give the firm some kind of advantage in the marketplace. Examples of intangible assets include goodwill, copyrights, trademarks, patents and computer programs, an asset is a resource controlled by the entity as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the entity. One of the most widely accepted accounting definitions of asset is the one used by the International Accounting Standards Board, employees are not considered assets like machinery is, even though they can generate future economic benefits. This is because an entity does not have sufficient control over its employees to satisfy the Frameworks definition of an asset, similarly, in economics an asset is any form in which wealth can be held. The accounting equation is the structure of the balance sheet. It relates assets, liabilities, and owners equity, Assets = Liabilities + Capital Liabilities = Assets − Capital Equity = Assets − Liabilities Assets are listed on the balance sheet. On a companys balance sheet certain divisions are required by generally accepted accounting principles, Assets can be divided into e. g. current assets and fixed assets, often with further subdivisions such as cash, receivables and inventory. Assets are formally controlled and managed within larger organizations via the use of asset tracking tools and these monitor the purchasing, upgrading, servicing, licensing, disposal etc. of both physical and non-physical assets. Current assets are cash and other assets expected to be converted to cash or consumed either in a year or in the operating cycle and these assets are continually turned over in the course of a business during normal business activity. There are 5 major items included into current assets, Cash and cash equivalents – it is the most liquid asset, which includes currency, deposit accounts, short-term investments – include securities bought and held for sale in the near future to generate income on short-term price differences. Receivables – usually reported as net of allowance for non-collectable accounts, inventory – trading these assets is a normal business of a company. The inventory value reported on the sheet is usually the historical cost or fair market value. This is known as the lower of cost or market rule, prepaid expenses – these are expenses paid in cash and recorded as assets before they are used or consumed

14.
Equity (finance)
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In accounting, equity is the difference between the value of the assets and the value of the liabilities of something owed. Equity can be negative if liabilities exceeds assets, shareholders equity represents the equity of a company as divided among shareholders of common or preferred stock. Negative shareholders equity is often referred to as a shareholders deficit, alternatively, equity can also refer to the capital stock of a corporation. The value of the stock depends on the future economic prospects. For a company in liquidation proceedings, the equity is that which remains after all liabilities have been paid, when starting a business, the owners fund the business to finance various operations. Throughout the businesss existence, the equity of the business will be the difference between its assets and debt liabilities, this is the accounting equation, when a business liquidates during bankruptcy, the proceeds from the assets are used to reimburse creditors. The creditors are ranked by priority, with secured creditors being paid first, other creditors being paid next, owners equity is this remaining or residual claim against assets, which is paid only after all other creditors are paid. In such cases where even creditors could not get money to pay their bills. In financial accounting, owners equity consists of the net assets of an entity, net assets is the difference between the total assets and total liabilities. Equity appears on the sheet, one of the four primary financial statements. The assets of an entity can be tangible and intangible items. Intangible assets include such as brand names, copyrights or goodwill. Tangible assets include land, equipment, and cash, issue of new equity in which the firm obtains new capital increases the total shareholders equity. Share repurchases, in which a firm returns money to investors, reducing on the side its financial assets. For practical purposes, share repurchasing is similar to a dividend payment, rather than giving money to all shareholders immediately in the form of a dividend payment, a share repurchase reduces the number of shares outstanding. Dividends paid out to preferred stock owners are considered an expense to be subtracted from net income, sometimes assets bought and held in other countries get translated back into the reporting currency at different exchange rates, resulting in a changed value. When the owners are shareholders, the interest can be called shareholders equity, the remains the same. If all shareholders are in one and the class, they share equally in ownership equity from all perspectives

15.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage

16.
Kraft Heinz Company
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The Kraft Heinz Company is an American worldwide food company formed by the merger of Kraft Foods Group and Heinz in 2015. The merger was backed by 3G Capital and Berkshire Hathaway, which invested US$10 billion in the deal, in 2015 the Kraft Heinz Company had 13 different brands with $500 million or more each in annual sales. The merger was agreed by the boards of companies, with approval by shareholders and regulatory authorities. The new company became the worlds fifth-largest food and beverage company, the company is headquartered in both Pittsburgh and Chicago. The companies completed the merger on July 2,2015, under the merger, Krafts shareholders received 49% of shares in the combined company, plus a one-time dividend of US$16.50 per share. Fortune reports that growth for Kraft in the US market is due to consumers turning to natural. The merger did not affect the rights to Heinz Field. The take over was subsequently abandoned on 19 February soon after UK Prime Minister Theresa May had ordered a scrutiny of the deal, List of food companies List of brand name food products List of dairy product companies in the United States Kim, Susanna. How the New Kraft Heinz Co, is About to Take Over Your Kitchen

17.
Corporate spin-off
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A corporate spin-off, also known as a spin-out, or starburst, is a type of corporate action where a company splits off a section as a separate business. Shareholders of the parent company receive equivalent shares in the new company in order to compensate for the loss of equity in the original stocks. In contrast, divestment can also sever one business from another, many times the management team of the new company are from the same parent organization. Spin-offs also allow high-growth divisions, once separated from other low-growth divisions, the United States Securities and Exchange Commissions definition of spin-off is more precise. Spin-offs occur when the equity owners of the parent company receive equity stakes in the spun off company. For example, when Agilent Technologies was spun off from Hewlett-Packard in 1999, a company not considered a spin-off in the SECs definition may also be called a spin-off in common usage. A second definition of a spin-out is a firm formed when an employee or group of leaves a existing entity to form an independent start-up firm. The prior employer can be a firm, a university, or another organization, spin-outs typically operate at arms length from the previous organizations and have independent sources of financing, products, services, customers, and other assets. In some cases, the spin-out may license technology from the parent or supply the parent with products or services, conversely, such spin-outs are important sources of technological diffusion in high-tech industries. For example, Fosters Group, an Australian beverage company, was prepared to sell its wine business, but due to the lack of a decent offer, it decided to spin off the wine business, which is now called Treasury Wine Estates. Some examples of spin-offs, Guidant was spun off from Eli Lilly and Company in 1994, formed from Lillys Medical Devices, Agilent Technologies spun off from Hewlett-Packard in 1999, formed from HPs former test-and-measurement equipment division. Cenovus Energy was spun off from Encana Corporation in 2009, ocean Rig UDW Inc was spun off from Dryships Inc in September 2011. AOL was a Time Warner spin-off, this effectively was a demerger, DreamWorks Animation was spun off from DreamWorks Studios in 2004. Nuage Networks was spun off from Alcatel Lucent in 2012 News Corporations publishing operations were spun off as News Corp in 2013, the previous News Corporations remaining media properties were retained under the name 21st Century Fox. Over £266 million in external investment has been raised by Isis spin-out companies since 2000, mirror company formation is a specialized form of spin-off used to create a new public company. It simplifies the process of listing the shares on a stock exchange. It works by a public company issuing a bonus share at a 1-for-1 rate in the new company. This new company is sold to another company that does not want to go through the complex

18.
Heinz
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The H. J. Heinz Company, or Heinz, is an American food processing company with world headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was founded by Henry John Heinz in 1869, the H. J. Heinz Company manufactures thousands of food products in plants on six continents, and markets these products in more than 200 countries and territories. The company claims to have 150 number-one or number-two brands worldwide, Heinz ranked first in ketchup in the US with a market share in excess of 50%, Ore-Ida label held 46% of the frozen potato sector in 2003. On February 14,2013, Heinz agreed to be purchased by Berkshire Hathaway, on March 25,2015, Kraft announced its merger with Heinz, arranged by Berkshire Hathaway and 3G Capital. The resulting Kraft Heinz Company is the fifth largest food company in the world, Berkshire Hathaway became a majority owner of Heinz on June 18,2015. After exercising a warrant to acquire 46,195,652 shares of stock for a total price of $461,956.52. The companies completed the merger on July 2,2015, the Heinz company was founded by and is named for Henry J. Heinz, who was born in the United States to German immigrants. His father was originally from Kallstadt and he was distantly related to the Trump family now based in New York. Their paternal immigrant ancestor reached the United States in 1885 and his mother Anna was also from Bavaria, and they met in Pittsburgh. Among his several siblings was brother John, Henry J. Heinz began packing foodstuffs on a small scale at Sharpsburg, Pennsylvania, in 1869. There he founded Heinz Noble & Company with a friend, L. Clarence Noble, the first product in Heinz and Nobles new Anchor Brand was his mother Anna Heinzs recipe for horseradish. The young Heinz manufactured it in the basement of his fathers former house, the company went bankrupt in 1875. The following year Heinz founded another company, F & J Heinz, with his brother John Heinz, one of this companys first products was Heinz Tomato Ketchup. In 1888 Heinz bought out his two partners and reorganized the company as the H. J. Heinz Company. Its slogan,57 varieties, was introduced by Heinz in 1896, in 1905, H. J. Heinz was incorporated, and Heinz served as its first president, remaining in the position for the rest of his life. Under his leadership, the company pioneered processes for food preparation, leading a successful lobbying effort in favor of the Pure Food. Heinz was a pioneer in scientific and technological innovations to solve problems like bacterial contamination. He personally worked to control the purity of his products by managing his employees, offering hot showers, during World War I, he worked with the Food Administration

19.
NASDAQ
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The Nasdaq Stock Market is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, the exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc. which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic and Nasdaq Baltic stock market network and several other US stock and options exchanges. When it was founded, NASDAQ stood for the acronym of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, NASDAQ was founded in 1971 by the National Association of Securities Dealers, which divested itself of NASDAQ in a series of sales in 2000 and 2001. The Nasdaq Stock Market is owned and operated by Nasdaq, Inc. the stocks of which were listed on its own stock exchange marketing July 2,2002, when the Nasdaq Stock Market began trading on February 8,1971, it was the worlds first electronic stock market. At first, it was merely a system and did not provide a way to perform electronic trades. The Nasdaq Stock Market helped lower the spread but was unpopular among brokerages which made much of their money on the spread. As late as 1987, the NASDAQ exchange was still referred to as OTC in media. Over the years, the Nasdaq Stock Market became more of a market by adding trade and volume reporting. The Nasdaq Stock Market attracted new companies such as Microsoft, Apple, Cisco, Oracle and Dell. Its main index is the NASDAQ Composite, which has published since its inception. In 1992, the Nasdaq Stock Market joined with the London Stock Exchange to form the first intercontinental linkage of securities markets, the National Association of Securities Dealers spun off the Nasdaq Stock Market in 2000 to form a publicly traded company. In 2006, the status of the Nasdaq Stock Market was changed from a market to a licensed national securities exchange. In 2007, Nasdaq merged with OMX, an exchange operator in the Nordic countries, expanded its global footprint. NASDAQ OMX could be looking to acquire the American exchanges cash equities business, at the time, NYSE Euronext’s market value was $9.75 billion. Nasdaq was valued at $5.78 billion, while ICE was valued at $9.45 billion. Late in the month, Nasdaq was reported to be considering asking either ICE or the Chicago Mercantile Exchange to join in what would probably have to be, if it proceeded, an $11–12 billion counterbid. The European Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System was founded as a European equivalent to the Nasdaq Stock Market and it was purchased by NASDAQ in 2001 and became NASDAQ Europe. Operations were shut down, however, as a result of the burst of the dot-com bubble, in 2007, NASDAQ Europe was revived as Equiduct, and is currently operating under Börse Berlin

20.
Berkshire Hathaway
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Berkshire Hathaway Inc. is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered in Omaha, Nebraska, United States. The company wholly owns GEICO, BNSF Railway, Lubrizol, Dairy Queen, Fruit of the Loom, Helzberg Diamonds, FlightSafety International, Pampered Chef, and NetJets, and also owns 43. Berkshire Hathaway averaged a growth in book value of 19. 7% to its shareholders for the last 49 years, while employing large amounts of capital. In the early part of Buffetts career at Berkshire, he focused on investments in publicly traded companies. According to the Forbes Global 2000 list and formula, Berkshire Hathaway is the fourth largest public company in the world, Berkshire Hathaway traces its roots to a textile manufacturing company established by Oliver Chace in 1839 as the Valley Falls Company in Valley Falls, Rhode Island. Chace had previously worked for Samuel Slater, the founder of the first successful textile mill in America, Chace founded his first textile mill in 1806. In 1929 the Valley Falls Company merged with the Berkshire Cotton Manufacturing Company established in 1889, in Adams, the combined company was known as Berkshire Fine Spinning Associates. Hathaway had been successful in its first decades, but it suffered during a decline in the textile industry after World War I. At this time, Hathaway was run by Seabury Stanton, whose investment efforts were rewarded with renewed profitability after the Depression, after the merger Berkshire Hathaway had 15 plants employing over 12,000 workers with over $120 million in revenue and was headquartered in New Bedford. However, seven of those locations were closed by the end of the decade, in 1962, Warren Buffett began buying stock in Berkshire Hathaway after noticing a pattern in the price direction of its stock whenever the company closed a mill. Eventually, Buffett acknowledged that the business was waning and the companys financial situation was not going to improve. In 1964, Stanton made a tender offer of $11 1⁄2 per share for the company to buy back Buffetts shares. A few weeks later, Warren Buffett received the offer in writing. Buffett later admitted that this lower, undercutting offer made him angry, instead of selling at the slightly lower price, Buffett decided to buy more of the stock to take control of the company and fire Stanton. However, this put Buffett in a situation where he was now majority owner of a business that was failing. Buffett initially maintained Berkshires core business of textiles, but by 1967, he was expanding into the insurance industry, Berkshire first ventured into the insurance business with the purchase of National Indemnity Company. In the late 1970s, Berkshire acquired an equity stake in the Government Employees Insurance Company, in 1985, the last textile operations were shut down. Buffett claimed that had he invested that money directly in insurance businesses instead of buying out Berkshire Hathaway, Berkshires class A shares sold for $258,000

21.
3G Capital
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3G Capital is a Brazilian multibillion-dollar investment firm, founded in 2004 by principals Jorge Paulo Lemann, Carlos Alberto Sicupira, Marcel Herrmann Telles and Roberto Thompson Motta. The firm is best known for partnering up with Berkshire Hathaway for its acquisitions, including those of Burger King, Tim Hortons, 3G Capital was founded in 2004. The firm is best known for partnering up with Berkshire Hathaway for its acquisitions, including those of Burger King, Tim Hortons, in 2010, the company acquired Burger King for $3.3 billion, and subsequently took the company private. The deal was announced in September 2010, and was finalized in November, shareholders received $24.00 per share in cash. Under new management, Burger King introduced a menu and marketing strategies. In June 2012, Burger King was once listed as a publicly traded company through a $1.4 billion deal with Justice Holdings. Despite the relisting, 3G Capital retained a 71% stake of the company, in December 2014, the Canadian federal government approved the purchase of Tim Hortons by 3G Capital for $12.5 billion. The acquisition merged Burger King with Tim Hortons as Restaurant Brands International, on 25 March 2015, it was announced that 3G Capital was in advanced talks to buy Kraft Foods for $40 billion, and merge it with Heinz to create the worlds fifth largest food company. Heinz was being advised in the transaction by Lazard and Kraft by Centerview Partners, 3G Capital has offices in New York City, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo and the firm is run by managing partner Alex Behring out of New York

22.
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
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The U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission is an independent agency of the United States federal government. The SEC was created by Section 4 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the SEC has a three-part mission, to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation. To achieve its mandate, the SEC enforces the requirement that public companies submit quarterly and annual reports. MD&A will usually touch on the upcoming year, outlining future goals. In an attempt to level the field for all investors. Quarterly and semiannual reports from companies are crucial for investors to make sound decisions when investing in the capital markets. Unlike banking, investment in the markets is not guaranteed by the federal government. The potential for big gains needs to be weighed against that of sizable losses, the SEC makes reports available to the public through the EDGAR system. The SEC also offers publications on investment-related topics for public education, the same online system also takes tips and complaints from investors to help the SEC track down violators of the securities laws. The SEC adheres to a policy of never commenting on the existence or status of an ongoing investigation. Prior to the enactment of the securities laws and the creation of the SEC. They were enacted and enforced at the level, and regulated the offering. Though the specific provisions of these laws varied among states, they all required the registration of all offerings and sales, as well as of every U. S. stockbroker. However, these blue sky laws were found to be ineffective. For example, the Investment Bankers Association told its members as early as 1915 that they could ignore blue sky laws by making securities offerings across state lines through the mail. After holding hearings on abuses on interstate frauds, Congress passed the Securities Act of 1933, the subsequent Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regulates sales of securities in the secondary market. The Securities Act of 1933 is also known as the Truth in Securities Act and its goal was to increase public trust in the capital markets by requiring uniform disclosure of information about public securities offerings. For the first year of the enactment, the enforcement of the statute rested with the Federal Trade Commission

23.
Major League Soccer
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Major League Soccer is a mens professional soccer league, sanctioned by U. S. Soccer, that represents the sports highest level in both the United States and Canada. MLS constitutes one of the professional sports leagues of the United States. The league comprises 22 teams—19 in the U. S. and 3 in Canada, the MLS regular season runs from March to October, with each team playing 34 games, the team with the best record is awarded the Supporters Shield. The postseason includes twelve teams competing in the MLS Cup Playoffs through November and December, culminating in the championship game, MLS teams also play in other domestic competitions against teams from other divisions in the U. S. Open Cup and in the Canadian Championship. MLS teams also compete against continental rivals in the CONCACAF Champions League, Major League Soccer was founded in 1993 as part of the United States successful bid to host the 1994 FIFA World Cup. The first season took place in 1996 with ten teams, MLS experienced financial and operational struggles in its first few years, The league lost millions of dollars, teams played in mostly empty American football stadiums, and two teams folded in 2002. Instead of operating as an association of independently owned teams, MLS is an entity in which each team is owned and controlled by the leagues investors. The investor-operators control their teams as owners control teams in other leagues, MLS headquarters is located in New York City. Major League Soccers regular season runs from March to October, teams are divided into the Eastern and Western Conferences. Teams play 34 games in a schedule,23 matches against teams within their conference. Midway through the season, teams break for the annual All-Star Game, at the end of the regular season, the team with the highest point total is awarded the Supporters Shield. While MLS has looked into changing to a format, there are no current plans to do so. If the league were to change its schedule, a break would be needed, especially with several teams in colder climates. It would also have to compete with the more popular National Football League, National Hockey League, MLS teams also play in other competitions. Every year, up to five MLS teams play in the CONCACAF Champions League against other clubs from the CONCACAF region, two U. S. -based MLS teams qualify based on MLS regular-season results, the winner of the Western conference and the winner of the Eastern conference. The third U. S. team to qualify is the winner of the MLS Cup. A fourth U. S. -based MLS team can qualify via the U. S. Open Cup, Canadian MLS clubs play against lower division Canadian clubs in the Canadian Championship for the one Champions League spot allocated to Canada. MLSs 22 teams are divided between the Eastern and Western Conferences, each club is allowed up to 28 players on its first team roster

24.
National Hockey League
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Headquartered in New York City, the NHL is considered to be the premier professional ice hockey league in the world, and one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. The Stanley Cup, the oldest professional sports trophy in North America, is awarded annually to the playoff champion at the end of each season. At its inception, the NHL had four teams—all in Canada, the league expanded to the United States in 1924, when the Boston Bruins joined, and has since consisted of American and Canadian teams. After a labour-management dispute that led to the cancellation of the entire 2004–05 season, in 2009, the NHL enjoyed record highs in terms of sponsorships, attendance, and television audiences. The league draws many highly skilled players from all over the world, canadians have historically constituted the majority of the players in the league, with an increasing percentage of American and European players in recent seasons. The National Hockey League was established in 1917 as the successor to the National Hockey Association, founded in 1909, the NHA began play one year later with seven teams in Ontario and Quebec, and was one of the first major leagues in professional ice hockey. Realizing the NHA constitution left them unable to force Livingstone out, the four teams voted instead to suspend the NHA, frank Calder was chosen as its first president, serving until his death in 1943. The Bulldogs were unable to play, and the remaining owners created a new team in Toronto, the first games were played on December 19,1917. The Montreal Arena burned down in January 1918, causing the Wanderers to cease operations, the NHL replaced the NHA as one of the leagues that competed for the Stanley Cup, which was an interleague competition back then. Toronto won the first NHL title, and then defeated the Vancouver Millionaires of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association for the 1918 Stanley Cup. The Canadiens won the title in 1919, however their Stanley Cup Final against the PCHAs Seattle Metropolitans was abandoned as a result of the Spanish Flu epidemic. Montreal in 1924 won their first Stanley Cup as a member of the NHL, the Hamilton Tigers, won the regular season title in 1924–25 but refused to play in the championship series unless they were given a C$200 bonus. The league refused and declared the Canadiens the league champion after defeated the Toronto St. Patricks in the semi-final. Montreal was then defeated by the Victoria Cougars of the Western Canada Hockey League for the 1925 Stanley Cup and it was the last time a non-NHL team won the trophy, as the Stanley Cup became the de facto NHL championship in 1926 after the WCHL ceased operation. The National Hockey League embarked on rapid expansion in the 1920s, adding the Montreal Maroons, the Bruins were the first American team in the league. The New York Americans began play in 1925 after purchasing the assets of the Hamilton Tigers, the New York Rangers were added in 1926. The Chicago Black Hawks and Detroit Cougars were also added after the league purchased the assets of the defunct WCHL, a group purchased the Toronto St. Patricks in 1927 and immediately renamed them the Maple Leafs. The first NHL All-Star Game was held in 1934 to benefit Ace Bailey, the second was held in 1937 in support of Howie Morenzs family when he died of a coronary embolism after breaking his leg during a game

25.
Kraft Hockeyville
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The winning community gets a cash prize dedicated to upgrading their local home arena, as well as the opportunity to host an NHL pre-season game. Runners-up also get smaller cash prizes to upgrade their ice rinks, the contest is normally held in the winter and spring during the latter half of the NHL regular season, with the pre-season game usually held in September before the following regular season. The idea and theme was developed by Capital C, a Canadian Advertising Agency that was founded by Tony Chapman, the contest itself was developed by Fred Nicolaidis, Pamela McNair, and Harry Doupe of the CBC. In 2015, Kraft Hockeyville was expanded into the United States, with a competition for communities in America. The Kraft Hockeyville games are televised nationally, from 2006 to 2014, the game was broadcast across Canada on CBC, while Sportsnet took over airing it in 2015. The Hockeyville USA game is televised nationally in the U. S. on NBCSN, salmon Rivers entry, the Deuvilles Rink, beat 450 other entries from across Canada. The NHL exhibition game was held September 25 at the Colchester Legion Stadium in the town of Truro. The 2007 season of Hockeyville began on March 4 and was changed significantly from the seasons format. Organizers made the process more accessible. A video, which was a requirement in previous contests, is no part of the process. In 2007 the series was no longer given its own time slot, the Top 5 communities resulting from the second round were Cornwall, Noëlville, North Bay, Smithers and Warner. The Atlanta Thrashers beat the New York Islanders 4-3 in overtime, the 2008 season of Kraft Hockeyville began February 23. A Hockey Night in Canada broadcast from Roberval The pre-season game has been taped and shown on a Hockeyville special Saturday, September 27. Terrace played host to the Vancouver Canucks and the New York Islanders on Monday, September 14, the game was broadcast live on NHL Network in the USA, and highlights were televised during a one-hour Kraft Hockeyville broadcast showcasing their community on CBC Television. Terrace also received CDN $100,000 towards arena upgrades from Kraft Canada, the game featured division rivals Buffalo Sabres and Ottawa Senators playing in Dundass J. L. Grightmire Arena on September 28,2010, with Buffalo winning 2-1. In 2011, the wildcard was eliminated and the West and Pacific divisions were split from each other, the towns arena received $100,000 worth of renovations, and also was to host a pre-season game between the Ottawa Senators and the Atlanta Thrashers on September 26,2011. However, with the purchase of the Thrashers and their re-location to Winnipeg as a revival of the Winnipeg Jets, the Jets defeated the Senators, 3–1. Each of the other 4 finalists will receive $25,000 in arena upgrades from Kraft, stirling-Rawdon, Ontario was the winner of the 2012 Kraft Hockeyville contest

26.
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
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The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, branded as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian crown corporation that serves as the national public radio and television broadcaster. Although some local stations in Canada predate CBCs founding, CBC is the oldest existing broadcasting network in Canada, Radio services include CBC Radio One, CBC Radio 2, Ici Radio-Canada Première, Ici Musique and the international radio service Radio Canada International. Television operations include CBC Television, Ici Radio-Canada Télé, CBC News Network, Ici RDI, Ici Explora, Documentary Channel, the CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North and Radio-Canada Nord. The radio service employed commercials from its inception to 1974, since then, its primary radio networks, like the BBC, have been commercial-free. However, in the fall of 2013, CBCs secondary radio networks Radio 2, in 1929, the Aird Commission on public broadcasting recommended the creation of a national radio broadcast network. A major concern was the influence of American radio broadcasting as U. S. -based networks began to expand into Canada. Meanwhile, Canadian National Railways was making a network to keep its passengers entertained and give it an advantage over its rival. This, the CNR Radio, is the forerunner of the CBC, Graham Spry and Alan Plaunt lobbied intensely for the project on behalf of the Canadian Radio League. In 1932 the government of R. B. Bennett established the CBCs predecessor, the CRBC took over a network of radio stations formerly set up by a federal Crown corporation, the Canadian National Railway. The network was used to broadcast programming to riders aboard its passenger trains, with coverage primarily in central, on November 2,1936, the CRBC was reorganised under its present name. While the CRBC was a company, the CBC was a Crown corporation on the model of the BBC. Leonard Brockington was the CBCs first chairman, for the next few decades, the CBC was responsible for all broadcasting innovation in Canada. This was in part because, until 1958, it was not only a broadcaster and it used this dual role to snap up most of the clear-channel licences in Canada. It began a separate French-language radio network in 1937 and it introduced FM radio to Canada in 1946, though a distinct FM service wasnt launched until 1960. Television broadcasts from the CBC began on September 6,1952, with the opening of a station in Montreal, Quebec, the CBCs first privately owned affiliate television station, CKSO in Sudbury, Ontario, launched in October 1953. From 1944 to 1962, the CBC split its English-language radio network into two known as the Trans-Canada Network and the Dominion Network. The latter, carrying lighter programs including American radio shows, was dissolved in 1962, on July 1,1958, CBCs television signal was extended from coast to coast. The first Canadian television show shot in colour was the CBCs own The Forest Rangers in 1963, colour television broadcasts began on July 1,1966, and full-colour service began in 1974

27.
Hockey Night in Canada
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Hockey Night in Canada is a branding used for Canadian television presentations of the National Hockey League. Initially only airing a single game weekly, the modern incarnation airs a weekly double-header, the broadcast features various segments during the intermissions and between games, as well as pre and post-game coverage of the nights games. The Hockey Night in Canada brand is owned by the CBC and was used by CBC Sports through the end of the 2013–14 NHL season. Rogers had secured exclusive national rights to NHL games beginning in 2014–15. In 1933, the CNRs successor, the Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission, commenced broadcasts of Montreal Canadiens, in 1934, Imperial Oil of Canada took over the sponsorship from General Motors Products of Canada and the broadcast became known as the Imperial Esso Hockey Broadcast. The broadcasts began at 9 p. m. Eastern Time, starting in 1936, the games were broadcast on the CRBCs successor, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The series acquired its present title around the time, coined by Foster Hewitt. In much of Ontario and points west the show featured the Maple Leafs and were hosted by Gordon Calder with play-by-play announcer Hewitt, Montreal broadcasts were hosted by Doug Smith and Elmer Ferguson broadcast for Montreal Maroons games in English and René Lecavalier broadcast Montreal Canadiens games in French. After the Maroons folded in 1938, Smith and Ferguson provided English broadcasts of Canadiens games, the great popularity of the radio show across Canada made it an obvious choice for early Canadian network television programming. In Toronto, CFRB continued to simulcast Maple Leaf games for many years alongside CBC Radios Toronto station CBL, Hockey Night in Canada began airing on Saturday nights on CBC Television in 1952. Until the 1990s, there was one game televised each Saturday night in any particular locality and up to 1968. In the early 1960s, the broadcast time was moved ahead to 8,30 p. m. ET, starting in the fall of 1968, regular-season games were shown in their entirety with a broadcast start time of 8 p. m. ET. Beginning with the 1966–67 NHL season, all games broadcast on HNIC were in colour, in 1970–71, the Vancouver Canucks joined the NHL, meaning that there were now three possible venues for an HNIC telecast. During the 1979–80 and 1980–81, four more Canadian teams, the Edmonton Oilers, Quebec Nordiques, Winnipeg Jets, and Calgary Flames, joined the NHL. These games were joined in progress, as the regular start time for HNIC was still 8 p. m. Eastern Time. Beginning in the 1995 season, weekly double-headers became the norm, with starting at 7,30 Eastern and 7,30 Pacific. In 1998, the times were moved ahead to 7 p. m. ET. CBC claims that Instant replay made its debut on a 1955 HNIC broadcast, CBC director George Retzlaff made a kinescope recording of a goal, and replayed it to the television audience seconds later

28.
Women's major golf championships
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Womens golf has a set of major championships which parallels that in mens golf, with the womens system newer and less stable than the mens. As of 2013, five tournaments are designated as majors in womens golf by the LPGA Tour, the LPGAs list of majors has changed several times over the years. The two most recent changes were, In 2001, the du Maurier Classic, held in Canada, the tournament, now known as the Canadian Womens Open, is still a regular event on the LPGA Tour, but no longer designated as a major. The LPGA elevated the Womens British Open to major status to replace the du Maurier Classic, in 2013, The Evian Championship, held in France, became the fifth LPGA major. Known before 2013 as the Evian Masters, it is one of two events recognized as majors by the LPGAs European counterpart, the Ladies European Tour, the elevation of this event to LPGA major status and the name change were announced by the LPGA on July 20,2011. In both cases, the United States hosts three majors and the United Kingdom one, the Evian Championship, as noted above, is held in France. The U. S. and British Opens, and the PGA Championship match their male equivalents, the ANA Inspiration is the closest equivalent of The Masters. The two tournaments share several characteristics, both are the first majors of their respective seasons, and both are held at the same course every year. Unlike the mainstream mens equivalents, all but one of the majors have title sponsors. Each of the five majors falls under a different jurisdiction, the LPGA organizes the ANA Inspiration. The U. S. Womens Open, is operated by the United States Golf Association, the Womens British Open is operated by the Ladies Golf Union, the governing body for womens golf in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The Evian Championship is operated by the LET, from 2006 through 2008, the winners of the four womens majors received automatic entry to the LPGAs season championship, the LPGA Tour Championship. Beginning in 2009, the Tour Championship extended entry to all players in the top 120 on the official LPGA Money List, starting in 2014, the LPGA adopted a points race similar in some ways to the PGA Tours FedEx Cup. Eight different events are classified as having been LPGA majors at some time, the number in each season has fluctuated between two and five. ·The Titleholders was played from 1937 to 1966 with a gap due to World War II. In 1967 there were three majors, then from 1968 to 1971 this decreased and went back to two majors, then in 1979, the du Maurier Classic was first played and immediately considered a major leading to three majors again from 1979 to 1982. In 1983, when Nabisco Dinah Shore gained major championship status, Womens Western Open, 1930–1967 Titleholders Championship, 1937–42, 1946–66,1972 U. S. Babe Zaharias won all three majors contested in 1950 and Sandra Haynie won both majors in 1974, during the four-major era, six women have completed a Career Grand Slam by winning four different majors. There are variations in the set of four tournaments involved as the players played in different eras, the six are, Pat Bradley, Juli Inkster, Annika Sörenstam, Louise Suggs, Karrie Webb, and Mickey Wright

29.
LPGA
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The Ladies Professional Golf Association is an American organization for female professional golfers. The organization is headquartered in Daytona Beach, Florida, and is best known for running the LPGA Tour, a series of weekly golf tournaments for elite female golfers from around the world. Other LPGAs exist in countries, each with a geographical designation in its name, but the U. S. organization is the first, largest. The LPGA is also an organization for female club and teaching professionals. This is different from the PGA Tour, which runs the professional tours in the U. S. and, since 1968, has been independent of the club and teaching professionals organization. The LPGA also administers an annual qualifying school similar to that conducted by the PGA Tour, depending on a golfers finish in the final qualifying tournament, she may receive full or partial playing privileges on the LPGA Tour. In addition to the main LPGA Tour, the LPGA also owns and operates the Symetra Tour, formerly the Futures Tour, top finishers at the end of each season on that tour receive playing privileges on the main LPGA Tour for the following year. In its 63rd season in 2012, The LPGA is the oldest continuing womens professional sports organization in the United States, the LPGA succeeded the WPGA, which was founded in 1944 but stopped its limited tour after the 1948 season and officially ceased operations in December 1949. In 2001, Jane Blalocks JBC Marketing established the Womens Senior Golf Tour, now called the Legends Tour, for women professionals aged 45 and this is affiliated with the LPGA, but is not owned by the LPGA. Michael Whan became the commissioner of the LPGA in October 2009. Whan is a marketing executive in the sporting goods industry. In 2010, total prize money on the LPGA Tour was $41.4 million. In 2010 there were 24 official tournaments, down from 28 in 2009 and 34 in 2008. Despite the loss in total tournaments, the number of tournaments hosted outside of the United States in 2010 stayed the same, by 2016, the number of tournaments had risen to 33 with a record-high total prize money in excess of $63 million. In its first four decades, the LPGA Tour was dominated by American players, sandra Post of Canada became the first player living outside the United States to gain an LPGA tour card in 1968. Particularly, one of the trends seen in the early 21st century in the LPGA is the rise. Se Ri Paks early success in the LPGA sparked the boom in Korean women golfers on the LPGA Tour, of the 33 events in 2006, a total of 11 were won by Koreans and only seven were won by Americans. In 2007, Americans saw a resurgence, winning 12 events

30.
Foster Farms Bowl
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The Foster Farms Bowl is a post-season college football bowl game certified by the NCAA that has been played annually since 2002. The game is sponsored by the Foster Farms poultry company. From 2002 to 2013, the game was played at 40, 800-seat AT&T Park, home of the San Francisco Giants, in San Francisco. Starting in 2014, it has played at Levis Stadium, home of the San Francisco 49ers, in Santa Clara. In 2010, Kraft Foods became the sponsor of the bowl and announced the new name, according to Sports Illustrated, the executive director of the bowl, Gary Cavalli, was paid a $377,475 salary in 2009. Mondelēz International continued to support the game and the program related with Feeding America in 2013, as of August 2014, the bowls official website listed the games name as the San Francisco Bowl once again. Because AT&T Park was not normally used for football, the arrangement of the field required both teams to be on the same sideline, separated by a barrier at the 50-yard line. The Fight Hunger Bowl had a contract to host the Pac-12s sixth-place team during the 2010 through 2013 seasons, there were multiple contracts that determined the opponent. In 2011, the Pac-12 teams opponent was Illinois, replacing Army, which did not achieve bowl eligibility, in 2012, it was Navy, and in 2013, it was BYU. Had these teams not qualified for bowl eligibility, they would have been replaced by teams from the Atlantic Coast Conference or the Mid-American Conference, beginning with the 2014 season, teams come from the Pac-12 and Big Ten conferences. List of college bowl games List of Foster Farms Bowl broadcasters Notes Official website

31.
College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities

32.
Bowl game
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In North America, a bowl game is one of a number of post-season college football games that are primarily played by teams belonging to the NCAAs Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. Prior to 2002, bowl game statistics were not included in career totals. The term bowl originated from the Rose Bowl stadium, site of the first post-season college football games, the Rose Bowl Stadium, in turn, takes its name and bowl-shaped design from the Yale Bowl, the prototype of many football stadiums in the United States. The term has become almost synonymous with any major American football event. In professional football, the names of the National Football League s Super Bowl, the use of the term has crossed over into professional and collegiate Canadian football. A notable example is the annual Banjo Bowl between the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League, U Sports plays two semi-final bowl games before the Vanier Cup national championship game, the Uteck Bowl and the Mitchell Bowl. The matchups are determined on a rotation basis, with the Uteck Bowl being played at the easternmost host team. The history of the game began with the 1902 Tournament East-West football game. The Tournament of Roses eventually sponsored an annual contest starting with the 1916 Tournament East-West Football Game, with the 1923 Rose Bowl it began to be played at the newly completed Rose Bowl stadium, and thus the contest itself became known as the Rose Bowl game. The name bowl to describe the games comes from the Rose Bowl stadium. Other cities saw the value for tourism that the Tournament of Roses parade and Rose Bowl carried. The label bowl was attached to the name, even though the games were not always played in bowl-shaped stadiums. The historic timing of bowl games, around the new year, is the result of two factors—warm climate and ease of travel. The original bowls began in warm climates such as Southern California, Louisiana, Florida and Texas as a way to promote the area for tourism and business. Since commercial air travel was either non-existent or very limited, the games were scheduled well after the end of the season to allow fans to travel to the game site. As the number of games has increased, the number of games a team would need to win to be invited to a bowl game has decreased. With a 12-game schedule, a number of teams with only 5 wins have been invited to a bowl game, as of the completion of the 2016 season, the University of Alabama has played in more bowl games than any other school, with 64 appearances. Alabama also holds the record for most bowl victories with 37, the Florida State Seminoles have the longest active streak of consecutive bowl appearances with 35

33.
App Store (iOS)
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App Store is a digital distribution platform, developed and maintained by Apple Inc. for mobile apps on its iOS operating system. The store allows users to browse and download apps developed with Apples iOS software development kit, App Store was opened on July 10,2008, with an initial 500 applications available. As of January 2017, the store features over 2.2 million apps, major changes introduced in the following months include ads in search results, a new app subscription model, and the ability for developers to respond to customer reviews. The iPhone App Store opened on July 10,2008, on July 11, the iPhone 3G was released and came pre-loaded with support for App Store. After the success of Apples App Store and the launch of services by its competitors. However, Apple applied for a U. S. trademark on the term App Store in 2008, which was tentatively approved in early 2011. In June 2011, U. S. District Judge Phyllis Hamilton, in July, Apple was denied preliminary injunction against Amazons Appstore by a federal judge. The term app has become a buzzword, in January 2011. App has been used as shorthand for application since at least the mid-1990s, in February 2011, Apple announced its new subscription-based service, which was to allow publishers the freedom to set the length and price of subscriptions. Previously, new magazine or news releases were sold on a per-release basis, the new service enabled publishers to sell content directly through their apps, allowing users to receive new content over specified periods of time. In February 2013, Apple informed developers that they could begin using appstore. com for links to their apps, in September 2015, it was discovered that hundreds of apps submitted and approved on App Store were using XcodeGhost, a malicious version of the Xcode development software. The issues prompted Apple to remove infected apps from the store, a security firm later published lists of infected apps, including a China-only version of Angry Birds 2, CamCard, Lifesmart, TinyDeal. com, and WeChat. On September 1,2016, Apple announced that starting September 7, developers will be warned and given 30 days to update their apps, but apps that crash on startup will be removed immediately.7 billion vs. approximately $1.5 billion by American users. Apples senior vice president of worldwide marketing Phil Schiller tweeted in December 2016 that November marked the record of highest monthly App Store sales, in January 2017, reports surfaced that documentation for a new beta for the then-upcoming release of iOS10. The functionality was enabled on March 27,2017 when iOS10.3 was released to users. Developers are also forbidden from manipulating or incentivizing feedback, the Software Development Kit for iPhone OS was announced at the iPhone Software Roadmap event on March 6,2008. The SDK allows developers running Mac OS X10.5.4 or higher on an Intel Mac to create applications using Xcode that will run on the iPhone, iPod Touch. A beta version was released after the event and a version was released in July 2008 alongside the iPhone 3G

34.
Drink
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A drink or beverage is a liquid intended for human consumption. In addition to their function of satisfying thirst, drinks play important roles in human culture. Common types of drinks include plain water, milk, juices, coffee, tea, in addition, alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and liquor, which contain the drug ethanol, have been part of human culture and development for 8,000 years. Non-alcoholic drinks often signify drinks that would normally contain alcohol, such as beer, the category includes drinks that have undergone an alcohol removal process such as non-alcoholic beers and de-alcoholized wines. When the human body becomes dehydrated it experiences the sensation of thirst and this craving of fluids results in an instinctive need to drink. Thirst is regulated by the hypothalamus in response to changes in the bodys electrolyte levels. The complete elimination of drinks, i. e. water, Water and milk have been basic drinks throughout history. As water is essential for life, it has also been the carrier of many diseases, as mankind evolved, new techniques were discovered to create drinks from the plants that were native to their areas. The earliest archaeological evidence of wine production yet found has been at sites in Georgia, beer may have been known in Neolithic Europe as far back as 3000 BCE, and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale. The invention of beer has been argued to be responsible for humanitys ability to develop technology, tea likely originated in Yunnan, China during the Shang Dynasty as a medicinal drink. Drinking has been a part of socialising throughout the centuries. In Ancient Greece, a gathering for the purpose of drinking was known as a symposium. The purpose of these gatherings could be anything from serious discussions to direct indulgence, in Ancient Rome, a similar concept of a convivium took place regularly. Many early societies considered alcohol a gift from the gods, leading to the creation of such as Dionysus. Other religions forbid, discourage, or restrict the drinking of alcoholic drinks for various reasons, in some regions with a dominant religion the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic drinks is forbidden to everybody, regardless of religion. Toasting is a method of honouring a person or wishing good will by taking a drink, another tradition is that of the loving cup, at weddings or other celebrations such as sports victories a group will share a drink in a large receptacle, shared by everyone until empty. In East Africa and Yemen, coffee was used in religious ceremonies. As these ceremonies conflicted with the beliefs of the Christian church, the drink was also banned in Ottoman Turkey during the 17th century for political reasons and was associated with rebellious political activities in Europe

35.
Cheese
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Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein. It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, during production, the milk is usually acidified, and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation. The solids are separated and pressed into final form, Some cheeses have molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout. Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature, hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced. Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk, whether they have been pasteurized, the content, the bacteria and mold, the processing. Herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents, the yellow to red color of many cheeses, such as Red Leicester, is produced by adding annatto. Other ingredients may be added to some cheeses, such as pepper, garlic. For a few cheeses, the milk is curdled by adding acids such as vinegar or lemon juice, most cheeses are acidified to a lesser degree by bacteria, which turn milk sugars into lactic acid, then the addition of rennet completes the curdling. Vegetarian alternatives to rennet are available, most are produced by fermentation of the fungus Mucor miehei, cheesemakers near a dairy region may benefit from fresher, lower-priced milk, and lower shipping costs. Cheese is valued for its portability, long life, and high content of fat, protein, calcium, generally speaking, hard cheeses, such as parmesan last longer than soft cheeses, such as Brie or goats milk cheese. The long storage life of some cheeses, especially when encased in a protective rind, There is some debate as to the best way to store cheese, but some experts say that wrapping it in cheese paper provides optimal results. Cheese paper is coated in a plastic on the inside. A specialist seller of cheese is known as a cheesemonger. Becoming an expert in this field requires some formal education and years of tasting and hands-on experience, the cheesemonger is responsible for all aspects of the cheese inventory, selecting the cheese menu, purchasing, receiving, storage, and ripening. The word cheese comes from Latin caseus, from which the modern word casein is also derived, the earliest source is from the proto-Indo-European root *kwat-, which means to ferment, become sour. The word cheese comes from chese and cīese or cēse, the Online Etymological Dictionary states that cheese comes from Old English cyse, cese. from West Germanic *kasjus, from Latin caseus cheese. The Online Etymological Dictionary states that the word is of. unknown origin, perhaps from a PIE root *kwat- to ferment, Old Norse ostr, Danish ost, Swedish ost are related to Latin ius broth, sauce, juice. When the Romans began to make hard cheeses for their legionaries supplies and it is from this word that the French fromage, proper Italian formaggio, Catalan formatge, Breton fourmaj, and Provençal furmo are derived

36.
Dairy product
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Dairy products or milk products are a type of food produced from or containing the milk of mammals, primarily cattle, water buffaloes, goats, sheep, and camels. Dairy products include items such as yogurt, cheese. A facility that produces dairy products is known as a dairy, dairy products are consumed worldwide, with the exception of much of East and Southeast Asia and also some parts of central Africa. Additionally dairy products can contribute significant amounts of cholesterol and saturated fat to the diet which can increase the risk of heart disease, and cause other serious health problems. However, it has shown that there is no connection between dairy consumption and cardiovascular disease, even though dairy tends to be higher in saturated fats. There is no excess cardiovascular risk with dietary calcium intake but calcium supplements are associated with a risk of coronary artery calcification. Drinking milk or other dairy products does not cause mucus production and this widely held belief stems from some people mistaking the thin coat of residue left behind after consuming milk or ice cream for mucus. Rates of dairy consumption vary widely worldwide, high-consumption countries consume more than 150 kg per capita per year, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Costa Rica, Europe, Israel, Kyrgyzstan, North America and Pakistan. Low-consumption countries consume under 30 kg per capita per year, Senegal, most of Central Africa, Some groups avoid dairy products for non-health related reasons, Religious – Some religions restrict or do not allow for the consumption of dairy products. For example, some scholars of Jainism advocate not consuming any dairy products because dairy is perceived to involve violence against cows. Strict Judaism requires that meat and dairy products not be served at the meal, served or cooked in the same utensils, or stored together. Ethical – Veganism is the avoidance of all products, including dairy products. The ethical reasons for avoiding dairy include how dairy is produced, how the animals are handled, fermented milk products List of dairy products List of dairy product companies in the United States List of foods Plant milk Britannica, Enclyclopaedia. Rankin, H. F. Imbucase, the Story of the B. C. I. C. of the Ministry of Food, Edinburgh, Edinburgh Press Questions and Answers on dairy products Guide for homemade kefir Template, Mbachilin Arsha Leo

37.
Snack food
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A snack is a portion of food, smaller than a regular meal, generally eaten between meals. Snacks come in a variety of forms including packaged foods and other processed foods. Traditionally, snacks are prepared from ingredients commonly available in the home, often cold cuts, fruits, leftovers, nuts, sandwiches, and the like are used as snacks. The Dagwood sandwich was originally the result of a cartoon characters desire for large snacks. With the spread of convenience stores, packaged snack foods became a significant business, snack foods are typically designed to be portable, quick, and satisfying. Processed snack foods, as one form of food, are designed to be less perishable, more durable. They often contain amounts of sweeteners, preservatives, and appealing ingredients such as chocolate, peanuts. Beverages, such as coffee, are not generally considered snacks though they may be consumed along with or in lieu of snack foods, a snack eaten shortly before going to bed or during the night may be called a night snack. In the United States, the first snack food was the peanut, peanuts first arrived from South America via slave ships, and became incorporated into African-inspired cooking on southern plantations. After the Civil War, the taste for peanuts spread north, along with popcorn, snacks bore the stigma of being sold by unhygienic street vendors. The middle-class etiquette of the Victorian era categorized any food that did not require proper usage of utensils as lower-class, pretzels were introduced to North America by the Dutch via New Amsterdam in the 17th century. In the 1860s, the snack was still associated with immigrants, unhygienic street vendors, due to loss of business during the Prohibition era, pretzels underwent rebranding to make them more appealing to the public. Packaging revolutionized snack foods, allowing sellers to reduce contamination risk while making it easy to advertise brands with a logo, pretzels boomed in popularity, bringing many other types of snack foods with it. By the 1950s, snacking had become a pastime, becoming an internationally recognized emblem of middle American life. Healthy snacks include those that have significant vitamins, are low in saturated fat and added sugars, a 2010 study showed that children in the United States snacked on average six times per day, approximately twice as often as American children in the 1970s. This represents consumption of roughly 570 calories more per day than U. S. children consumed in the 1970s, America, just one long snack bar. Wikibooks Cookbook – A collection of recipes from around the world

38.
Convenience food
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Convenience food, or tertiary processed food, is food that is commercially prepared to optimise ease of consumption. Such food is ready to eat without further preparation. It may also be portable, have a long shelf life. Although restaurant meals meet this definition, the term is applied to them. Convenience foods include ready-to-eat dry products, frozen foods such as TV dinners, shelf-stable foods, prepared mixes such as cake mix, bread, cheese, salted food and other prepared foods have been sold for thousands of years. Other kinds were developed with improvements in food technology, types of convenience foods can vary by country and geographic region. Some convenience foods have received criticism due to concerns about nutritional content, various methods are used to reduce the unhealthy aspects of commercially produced food and fight childhood obesity. Convenience food is prepared for ease of consumption. Convenience foods and restaurants are similar in that they save time and they differ in that restaurant food is ready to eat, whilst convenience food usually requires rudimentary preparation. Both typically cost more money and less time compared to home cooking from scratch, throughout history, people have bought food from bakeries, creameries, butcher shops and other commercial processors to save time and effort. The Aztec people of Central Mexico utilized several convenience foods that required only adding water for preparation, cornmeal that was ground and dried, referred to as pinolli, was used by travelers as a convenience food in this manner. Canned food was developed in the 19th century, primarily for military use, the expansion of canning depended significantly upon the development of a machine for producing large quantities of cans very cheaply. Before the 1850s, making a can for food required a skilled tinsmith, afterwards, one of the earliest industrial-scale processed foods was meatpacking. After the invention of a system of refrigerator cars in 1878, meat could be raised, slaughtered, experience in World War II contributed to the development of frozen foods and the frozen food industry. Modern convenience food saw its beginnings in the United States during the period began after World War II. Many of these products had their origins in military-developed foods designed for storage longevity, following the war, several commercial food companies had leftover manufacturing facilities, and some of these companies created new freeze-dried and canned foods for home use. Firms responded by offering healthier formulations and acquisition of brands with better reputations, additional convenience foods include frozen pizza, chips such as potato chips, pretzels, and cookies. These products are sold in portion-controlled, single-serving packaging designed for portability

39.
A.1. Sauce
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Sauce is a brand of steak sauce produced by Kraft Foods. Sold from 1831 as a condiment for meat or game dishes in the United Kingdom, it was introduced to North America. In May 2014, Kraft Foods announced it was dropping the steak from the A.1, name reverting to A.1 Sauce, to reflect modern dining habits. Although the sauce is available in the U. S. and Canada, in the UK, it is currently only sold by Tesco. The original sauce upon which A.1. is based was created in 1824 by Henderson William Brand, a popular myth has it that the king declared it A.1. and the name was born. It was renamed A.1. in 1873, after a dispute between creator Henderson William Brand and Dence & Mason, who had since purchased Brand & Co. from Withall. It continued to be produced by Brand & Co. until the late 1950s at the factory in Vauxhall. A.1. was officially registered as a trademark in the U. S. in 1895, beginning in the early 1960s, it was marketed in the US as A.1 steak sauce. In 1931, A.1. was introduced to Canada, heublein was acquired by R. J. Reynolds in 1982, which merged with Nabisco in 1985 to form RJR Nabisco. In 1999, Kraft Foods acquired Nabisco, including the A.1, in the 1980s, two new flavors of A.1. Were introduced, representing the first expansion of the trademark, rock musician and singer Meat Loaf has appeared in a TV commercial for the product, to promote its new slogan, A.1. —Makes beef sing. In the commercial, the slogan is Makes Meat Loaf sing, Sauce includes tomato purée, raisin paste, distilled vinegar, corn syrup, salt, crushed orange purée, dried garlic and onions, herbs and spices, caramel color, and xanthan gum. The original sauce included more expensive malt vinegar, molasses, a.1. was the subject of a trademark dispute between then-owners RJR Nabisco and Arnie’s Deli, which was producing its own recipe condiment under the name A2 Sauce. In 1991, the United States District Court of Connecticut found in favor of Nabisco, HP Sauce Official website Official website

40.
Grey Poupon
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Grey Poupon is a brand of whole-grain mustard and Dijon mustard which originated in Dijon, France. The U. S. rights to the brand were acquired by the Heublein Company, Grey Poupon became popular in the United States in the late 1970s and 1980s as American tastes broadened from conventional American yellow mustards. Like other Dijon mustards, Grey Poupon contains an amount of white wine. The American version is made with mustard seed grown in Canada. Maurice Grey was winning medals for his Dijon mustard machine in 1855, in 1860, he was awarded a Royal Appointment. He had developed a machine that dramatically increased the speed of production, but he needed financing, the Grey Poupon partnership produced their first mustard around 1866 in Dijon, France. In 1946, the Heublein Company bought the American rights from the original company. In 1970, the directors of Grey Poupon and of another Dijon mustard firm, André Ricard, having bought the popular Maille-label. Soon afterwards, the new company decided to out the Grey Poupon label in France. It is still, however, manufactured for export, and a small amount continues to be produced for sale at the historic Maille-Grey-Poupon boutique on the Rue de la Liberté in Dijon itself. In America, R. J. Reynolds acquired Heublein in 1982, in 1999, Kraft Foods acquired Nabisco, including the Grey Poupon brand. Grey Poupon Dijon and wholegrain mustard is produced in France for the European market. Production of Grey Poupon for the North America market will move to Holland, Michigan from Pennsylvania, the other responds, But of course. The closing shot is of the Grey Poupon jar being passed between the vehicles, in one variation, the characters are on the Orient Express. Another commercial included the introduction of a plastic squeeze jar, wherein the jar makes embarrassing noises while extracting the mustard, the spot was nominated for an Emmy for best commercial. The Pardon me, would you have any Grey Poupon, commercials have been parodied in many films and TV shows, including Waynes World, Married. With Childrens Old Insurance Dodge, WWE RAW and Family Guys Blue Harvest, the statement was said by Michael J. Foxs character, while preparing to eat a frog dog in the film, The Hard Way. In the 21st episode of the 18th season of the Simpsons, the Grey Poupon name has appeared frequently in hip-hop and rap lyrics since 1992, when Das EFX mentioned the brand on their song East Coast

41.
Gevalia
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Gevalia is the largest coffee roastery in Scandinavia. In North America, the company sells directly to consumers via home delivery. Gevalia discontinued sales of tea in 2015, customers order from a customer service center and a website that was relaunched in August 2009. A wholly owned subsidiary of Kraft Foods Group, Gevalia produces more than 40 different varieties of coffee, located in Gävle, Sweden, Gevalia was introduced in 1853 in Sweden by the trading company Victor Theodore Engwall & Co KB. Jacob Engwall was CEO from 1963 to 1972. After 120 years as a company, it was sold in 1971 to Mondelēz International predecessor company. Most Gevalia coffee is sold in Sweden, Denmark and in the Baltic area, Gevalia owes a large part of its current success in Northern Europe to a well-known and long-running marketing campaign with the theme of unexpected visitors, starting in the early 1990s. The campaign featured in addition to print ads and movie commercials also installations in public places in Sweden featuring submarines and airplanes, Gevalia began North American sales, via mail-order delivery service, in 1983. Gevalia is perhaps most well known for its offer of a free coffeemaker and other coffee-related incentives. These offers were seen in advertisements, direct mailings, and television commercials. Some of these Gevalia. com advertisements were the basis of the 2005 Hypertouch based lawsuit, a mainstream supermarket brand in Northern Europe, Gevalia is marketed in the United States as a premium brand. Gevalia holds the warrant of appointment for coffee roasters from the King of Sweden. Gevalia also maintains an Office Coffee Service, offering mail-order coffee by the case, Gevalia is also sold for the Tassimo and K-Cup systems in the United States. As of February 2007, Gevalia offered more than 40 different coffees and teas, the majority of these coffees are Arabica blends, using beans from Kenya, Guatemala, Colombia, and Costa Rica. Gevalia Kaffe is composed of up to six different varieties of these Arabica beans, in 2009, Gevalia relaunched its US brand with a new website and marketing campaign. In 2005, Kraft was sued by Hypertouch, an ISP, Kraft was accused of sending multiple waves of junk advertisement to the ISPs customers, the action brought under the CAN-SPAM Act of 2003 act. The parties resolved their dispute by mutual agreement and the litigation has been dismissed, on 9 February 2012, the T discs used in Gevalia, Maxwell House and Nabob brand espresso were recalled from the market following the potential of second degree burn hazard

42.
Planters
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Planters is an American snack food company, a division of Kraft Foods, best known for its processed nuts and for the Mr. Peanut icon that symbolizes them. Mr. Peanut was created by grade schooler Antonio Gentile for a 1916 contest to design the companys brand icon and his design was perfected by a commercial artist and has changed over the years. Planters was founded by Italian immigrant Amedeo Obici in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania and he started his career as a bellhop and fruit stand vendor in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Obici later moved to Wilkes-Barre, opened his own fruit stand, Obici turned peddler within a few years, using a horse and wagon, and calling himself The Peanut Specialist. In 1906, Obici entered a partnership with Mario Peruzzi, the grandfather of Tyler Peruzzi. Amedeo Obici believed that prices and first profits were as important as repeat business, focusing his operation on quality, two years later, the firm was incorporated as Planters Nut and Chocolate Company. By 1913, Obici had moved to Suffolk, Virginia, the capital of the world. It was acquired by Standard Brands in 1960, in 1981, Standard Brands merged with Nabisco Brands, which was acquired by Kraft Foods in 2000. Advertising taglines have included, The Nickel Lunch, – peanuts/peanut bars Planters is the word for Peanuts. While used under license from Kraft Canada, Planters in Canada is actually made by JVF Canada, some Planters items, do not use the Planters name, but are under Kraft Peanut Butter in Canada. Corn Nuts, though, are owned by Kraft Canada, ironically, Planters Peanut Butter as of 2015 is now available, and competes with Kraft Canadas Peanut Butter. As of 2016 Planters has launched into the UK with a range of 14 products under the tagline Deliciously NUT-RITIOUS, some of Planters nut products offered for sale contain gelatin, such as their larger-sized peanut jars. Planters History website Official website Mr. Peanut Facebook page

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Capri Sun
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Capri Sun is a brand of juice concentrate drink owned by the German Company WILD and sold in laminated foil pouches. It was introduced in 1969 and named after the Italian island of Capri, Capri Sun has been distributed in the United States since 1981. Kraft Foods is a production partner for North America. In the Netherlands, France, the UK, Belgium and Ireland, in 2014 Capri-Sun entered the ever growing Indian market through a joint venture with Hyderabad-based SDU Beverages to produce and market its fruit juices for kids. As of 2015,5 flavors are certified kosher by OK Kosher Certification, one pouch contains about 14.5 grams of sugar. The standard box is filled with 10 pouches of juice, in the U. S. Capri-Sun pouches are now 6 fluid ounces, previously they were 8 fl. oz. The pouch is trapezoidal in profile when filled and rectangular when flat, a straw is supplied with each individual pouch. Other sizes, such as the 330ml pouch with a cap, are available in some countries. Additionally, the difficult to recycle package type has spurred environmental groups to pressure Kraft into redesigning their iconic pouch, US Official Site UK Official site Capri-Sonne information page for parents Other US Official Site

The Hockey Night in Canada logo, used until 1998 on CBC, and 2004 on Radio-Canada. In recent years, this logo has reappeared as a secondary logo on the program, and is used in various merchandising by CBC.