We present the most successful infrared cloud monitor for a robotic telescope. This system was originally developed for the MAGNUM 2-m telescope, which has been achieving unmanned and automated monitoring observation of active galactic nuclei at Haleakala on the Hawaiian island of Maui since 2001. Using a thermal imager and two aspherical mirrors, it at once sees almost the whole sky at a wavelength of $\\lambda\\sim 10\\mu{\\rm m}$. Its outdoor part is weather-proof and is totally maintenance-free. The images obtained every one or two minutes are analysed immediately into several ranks of weather condition, from which our automated observing system not only decides to open or close the dome, but also selects what types of observations should be done. The whole-sky data accumulated over four years show that 50$-$60 % of all nights are photometric, and about 75 % are observable with respect to cloud condition at Haleakala. Many copies of this system are now used all over the world such as Mauna Kea in Hawaii, Atacama in Chile, and Okayama and Kiso in Japan.

We report experimental results on the rift formation between two freezing wax plates. The plates were pulled apart with constant velocity, while floating on the melt, in a way akin to the tectonic plates of the earth's crust. At slow spreading rates, a rift, initially perpendicular to the spreading direction, was found to be stable, while above a critical spreading rate a "spiky" rift with fracture zones almost parallel to the spreading direction developed. At yet higher spreading rates a second transition from the spiky rift to a zig-zag pattern occurred. In this regime the rift can be characterized by a single angle which was found to be dependent on the spreading rate. We show that the oblique spreading angles agree with a simple geometrical model. The coarsening of the zig-zag pattern over time and the three-dimensional structure of the solidified crust are also discussed.

Impulsivity and Niche Construction in SW Ethiopia Robert J. Quinlan1* , Samuel Jilo Dira1,2 , Mark Caudell1 Anthropology, Hawassa University, Ethiopia November 10, 2014 [Please do not cite without permission to Rift Valley lowlands in Southwest Ethiopia. The Sidama are one of the two most heavily enset

Multifold seismic reflection and geologic mapping in part of the eastern branch of the East African Rift system of northern Kenya reveal a major rift structure containing at least 3 km of Neogene sediment fill beneath Lake Turkana. This includes a series of half-graben basins, with centrally located quaternary volcanic centers, which are linked end-to-end by structural accommodation zones. Whereas the geometry of rifting is similar to that of the nonvolcanic western branch of the East African Rift system, the Turkana half-grabens are much smaller and may reflect extension of a thinner lithosphere or development of more closely spaced fracture patterns during rift evolution, or both.

in an ancient fold-and-thrust belt. The extent and location of upper mantle extension are not revealed by our data, and it may be offset from the rift. We believe that the Baikal rift structure is similar in many respects to the Mesozoic Atlantic rift system...

Lithological and compositional relationships, thicknesses, and palynological data from drilling cuttings from five wells in the Anza rift, Kenya, indicate active rifting during the Late Cretaceous and Eocene-Oligocene. The earlier rifting possibly started in the Santonian-Coniacian, primarily occurred in the Campanian, and probably extended into the Maastrichtian. Anza rift sedimentation was in lacustrine, lacustrine-deltaic, fluvial, and flood-basin environments. Inferred synrift intervals in wells are shalier, thicker, more compositionally immature, and more poorly sorted than Lower Cretaceous ( )-lower Upper Cretaceous and upper Oligocene( )-Miocene interrift deposits. Synrift sandstone is mostly feldspathic or arkosic wacke. Sandstone deposited in the Anza basin during nonrift periods is mostly quartz arenite, and is coarser and has a high proportion of probable fluvial deposits relative to other facies. Volcanic debris is absent in sedimentary strata older than Pliocene-Holocene, although small Cretaceous intrusions are present in the basin. Cretaceous sandstone is cemented in places by laumontite, possibly recording Campanian extension. Early Cretaceous history of the Anza basin is poorly known because of the limited strata sampled; Jurassic units were not reached. Cretaceous rifting in the Anza basin was synchronous with rifting in Sudan and with the breakup and separation of South America and Africa; these events likely were related. Eocene-Oligocene extension in the Anza basin reflects different stresses. The transition from active rifting to passive subsidence in the Anza basin at the end of the Neogene, in turn, records a reconfigured response of east African plates to stresses and is correlated with formation of the East Africa rift.

Recent geological and geophysical studies in several continental rifts have begun to shed light on the details of the processes which govern the structural evolution of these important exploration targets. In Kenya and Tanzania, the classic East African rift has been the object of several investigations which reveal that its location follows the boundary (suture ) between the Tanzanian craton (Archean) and Mozambiquan belt (Proterozoic), The Baikal rift also follows a similar boundary, and the Mid-continent rift of North America appears to do the same. Rifts themselves often act as zones of weakness which are reactivated by younger tectonic regimes. The classic North American example of this effect is the Eocambrian Southern Oklahoma aulacogen which was deformed to create the Anadarko basin and Wichita uplift in the late Paleozoic. The Central basin platform has a similar history although the original rift formed at [approximately]1,100Ma. Integration of geophysical data with petrologic and geochemical data from several rift zones has also provided a new picture of the nature and extent of magmatic modification of the crust. An interesting contradiction is that Phanerozoic rifts, except the Afar region, show little evidence for major magmatic modification of the crust whereas, at least in North America, many Precambrian rifts are associated with very large mafic bodies in the crust. The Kenya rift displays evidence for modification of the lower crust in a two-phase magmatic history, but upper crustal magmatic features are limited to local intrusions associated with volcanoes. In this rift, complex basement structure plays a much more important role than previously realized, and the geophysical signatures of basement structure and magmatism are easy to confuse. If this is also the case in other rifts, additional rift basins remain to be discovered.

Recent geological and geophysical studies in several continental rifts have begun to shed light on the details of the processes which govern the structural evolution of these important exploration targets. In Kenya and Tanzania, the classic East African rift has been the object of several investigations which reveal that its location follows the boundary (suture ?) between the Tanzanian craton (Archean) and Mozambiquan belt (Proterozoic), The Baikal rift also follows a similar boundary, and the Mid-continent rift of North America appears to do the same. Rifts themselves often act as zones of weakness which are reactivated by younger tectonic regimes. The classic North American example of this effect is the Eocambrian Southern Oklahoma aulacogen which was deformed to create the Anadarko basin and Wichita uplift in the late Paleozoic. The Central basin platform has a similar history although the original rift formed at {approximately}1,100Ma. Integration of geophysical data with petrologic and geochemical data from several rift zones has also provided a new picture of the nature and extent of magmatic modification of the crust. An interesting contradiction is that Phanerozoic rifts, except the Afar region, show little evidence for major magmatic modification of the crust whereas, at least in North America, many Precambrian rifts are associated with very large mafic bodies in the crust. The Kenya rift displays evidence for modification of the lower crust in a two-phase magmatic history, but upper crustal magmatic features are limited to local intrusions associated with volcanoes. In this rift, complex basement structure plays a much more important role than previously realized, and the geophysical signatures of basement structure and magmatism are easy to confuse. If this is also the case in other rifts, additional rift basins remain to be discovered.

A sequence of rift-related mafic volcanic rocks, volcanoclastic-, and clastic sedimentary rocks are recognized in cuttings and cores from about seventy wells in Kansas. The age (1,097.5 Ma) for gabbro in the Poersch [number sign]1 well in northern Kansas, as well as the general petrographic characteristics of the sedimentary rocks throughout the area favors a correlation with established Keweenawan stratigraphy in the Lake Superior region. Rift-related northeast-trending faults and older northwest-trending faults divide the area up into a number of orthogonal fault blocks or basins. Depending upon the tectonic history of the individual basin all or part of the Keweenawan section may be preserved. It is believed that large amounts of Keweenawan clastic sedimentary rock were eroded from the nemaha uplift east of the central graben of the rift and transported in an easterly direction. Prior to deposition of Paleozoic rocks the area was peneplaned. Correlation of various stratigraphic units over any distance is complicated by tectonic activity occurring at several times during the Precambrian and Paleozoic. Stratabound or stratiform deposits can occur both in the Precambrian as well as the overlying Paleozoic rocks. The possibility of massive sulfides to occur in the mafic intrusive rocks must not be excluded. In the core from the Poersch [number sign]1 well sulfides are recognized in gabbroic sills or dikes. Dark, fissile shale, similar to the Nonesuch Shale in the [number sign]1--4 Finn well averages 0.75% organic carbon. Thermal maturation within the rift probably ranges from within the oil window to over maturity.

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualProperty Edit with form History Facebook iconQuito,JumpReactionEnergyRedwoodRefgas JumpRegen SW

of Tectonics, Sedimentation, and Salt- Related Structures of the Atlantic Canada Margin and Elsewhere will focus on: crustal deformation during rifting and rift reactivation; salt tectonics induced by thin of salt and the development of finite amplitude salt structures. 3) The role of differential sedimentary

that has caused large-scale migration of brine and hydrocarbons at the Dead Sea Rift. Numerical simulations flow directions. The first is a density-driven migration of brine through deep aquifers from the rift reserved. Keywords: Groundwater; Brine; Hydrocarbons; Rift; Dead Sea; Modeling 1. The Dead Sea Rift

The deep basins, uplifted flanks, and volcanoes of the Western and Kenya rift systems have developed along the western and eastern margins of the 1300 km-wide East African plateau. Structural patterns deduced from field, ...

K-Ar dates and chemical compositions of basalts in the Gregory Rift, Kenya, demonstrate marked secular variation of lava chemistry. Two magmatic cycles characterized by incompatible element relative depletion are recognized; both occurring immediately after the peak of basaltic volcanism and coeval with both trachyte/phonolite volcanism and domal uplift of the region. These cycles may be attributed to increasing degree of partial melting of mantle source material in association with thinning of the lithosphere by thermal erosion through contact with hot upwelling asthenospheric mantle. Cyclic variation in asthenosphere upwelling may be considered an important controlling process in the evolution of the Gregory Rift.

Improved understanding of the central North American rift system (CNARS) offers a new interpretation of the basement structure in certain parts of the Mid-Continent. In eastern Kansas, basement structure can be shown to control oil production from some producing fields. Structural control includes rotated blocks along faults created by horst and graben tectonics typically associated with rift zones. A distinctive gravity signature, the Mid-Continent geophysical anomaly (MGA) is related directly to the CNARS and provides good data for interpretation of the basement structure. Some oil fields can be correlated directly with gravity-interpreted basement structure. Aeromagnetic and Landsat information, combined with the gravity data, further define exploration targets along the general trend of basement features. Migration of thermally matured hydrocarbons into pre-Pennsylvanian, rift generated traps in the ancestral north Kansas basin is postulated. The Nemaha ridge subsequently divided that basin into two smaller basins, the present Salina and Forest City basins. Several exploration targets could exist in this area, with the Arbuckle, Simpson, and Viola units being primary targets. The source of hydrocarbons also may lie in the deep but distant Anadorko basin. An additional totally untested hydrocarbons potential exists in the deep Precambrian/Cambrian sedimentary subbasins created along the flanks of the CNARS. Recent data points to sedimentary columns with depths of approximately 15,000 ft (4500 m) which might be hosts to gas reserves similar to the Rome trough potential of the Appalachian region.

Modeling suggests that oblique extension facilitates rifting and continental break-up Sascha Brune; accepted 5 June 2012; published 2 August 2012. [1] In many cases the initial stage of continental break-up was and is associated with oblique rifting. That includes break-up in the Southern and Equatorial Atlantic, separation

Resonant driving and k­symmetry Jeroen S.W. Lamb \\Lambda Institute for Theoretical Physics--60 PACS: 0545,0220 Abstract A particular type of `resonant' periodic driving of a symmetric dynamical of the kth iterate of L, then U is called a (reversing) k­symmetry of L [9]. Along the same lines, a group

As part of the science demonstration phase of the Herschel mission of the Gould Belt Key Program, the Aquila Rift molecular complex has been observed. The complete ~ 3.3deg x 3.3deg imaging with SPIRE 250/350/500 micron and PACS 70/160 micron allows a deep investigation of embedded protostellar phases, probing of the dust emission from warm inner regions at 70 and 160 micron to the bulk of the cold envelopes between 250 and 500 micron. We used a systematic detection technique operating simultaneously on all Herschel bands to build a sample of protostars. Spectral energy distributions are derived to measure luminosities and envelope masses, and to place the protostars in an M_env - L_bol evolutionary diagram. The spatial distribution of protostars indicates three star-forming sites in Aquila, with W40/Sh2-64 HII region by far the richest. Most of the detected protostars are newly discovered. For a reduced area around the Serpens South cluster, we could compare the Herschel census of protostars with Spitzer res...

Oil is known from lacustrine basins of the east African rift. The geology of such basins is complex and different depending on location in the eastern and western branches. The western branch has little volcanism, leading to long-lived basins, such as Lake Tanganyika, whereas a large quantity of volcanics results in the eastern branch characterized by ephemeral basins, as the Baringo-Bogoria basin in Kenya. The Baringo-Bogoria basin is a north-south half graben formed in the middle Pleistocene and presently occupied by the hypersaline Lake Bogoria and the freshwater Lake Baringo. Lake Bogoria is fed by hot springs and ephemeral streams controlled by grid faults bounding the basin to the west. The sedimentary fill is formed by cycles of organic oozes having a good petroleum potential and evaporites. On the other hand, and as a consequence of the grid faults, Lake Baringo is fed by permanent streams bringing into the basin large quantities of terrigenous sediments. Lake Tanganyika is a meromictic lake 1470 m deep and 700 km long, of middle Miocene age. It is subdivided into seven asymmetric half grabens separated by transverse ridges. The sedimentary fill is thick and formed by organic oozes having a very good petroleum potential. In contrast to Bogoria, the lateral distribution of organic matter is characterized by considerable heterogeneity due to the existence of structural blocks or to redepositional processes.

Initial Laramide-style deformation in SW Utah began in latest Cretaceous (late Campanian or Maastrichtian) time during deposition of the conglomeratic Canaan Peak Formation (TKcp) which thins onto a broad arch located on the northern Paunsaugunt Plateau (Paunsaugunt upwarp). This NNE-SSW trending upward affected sediment dispersal patterns during the early Paleocene and was the southern basin margin for braided fluvial sediments of the Grand Castle Formation (Tgc). These sediments were shed SE, from the inactive Sevier highlands, as far east as the Table Cliff Plateau. Laramide deformation increased during the late( ) Paleocene, after deposition of the Tgc, with the formation of at least two closed basins. During the late( ) Paleocene, the Johns Valley and Upper Valley anticlines, and Circle Cliff Uplift developed with sediment being shed to the SE, E, and SW into the Pine Hollow basin. During initial development of the Pine Hollow basin, the underlying TKcp and Tgc were reworked into the basal Pine Hollow Formation. Small alluvial fans bounded the basin, grading laterally into low-energy fluvial, playa mudflat, and ephemeral lacustrine environments. The basal Claron Formation represents a broad, closed basin that initially developed during the later Paleocene to the SW of the Pine Hollow basin. The Claron basin was bordered by low relief uplands, fluvial floodplains, and calcrete paleosols to the north and moderate relief uplands to the west and east. Shallow lacustrine deposition occurred to the south. Lacustrine onlap of Laramide structures by middle Eocene suggests cessation of Laramide deformation by this time.

reality environment such as a CAVE, or · printed as a physical model with a 3D printer. Early studies3D Graph Visualization with the Oculus Rift Virtual Graph Reality Farshad Barahimi, Stephen Wismath regarding three- dimensional (3D) representations of graphs. However, the actual usefulness of such 3D

Rift basins are a primary target of exploration in east, central, and west Africa. These intracratonic rift basins range in age from the Triassic to the Neogene and are filled with lagoonal-lacustrine sand-shale sequences. Several rift basins may be present in the Western Desert of Egypt. In the northeastern African platform, the Mesozoic Tethyan strand lines were previously interpreted to have limited southern extension onto the continent. This concept, based upon a relatively limited amount of subsurface data, has directed and focused the exploration for oil and gas to the northernmost 120 km of the Western Desert of Egypt. Recent well and geophysical data indicate a southerly extension of mesozoic rift basins several hundred kilometers inland from the Mediterranean Sea. Shushan/Faghur and Abu Gharadig/Bahrein basins may represent subparallel Mesozoic basins, trending northeast-southwest. Marine Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian sediments were recently reported from wells drilled approximately 500 km south of the present-day Mediterranean shoreline. The link of these basins with the Sirte basin to the southwest in Libya is not well understood. Exploration is needed to evaluate the hydrocarbon potential of such basins.

on the assessment of the U.S. agricultural sector and human vulnerability to a Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreak and the value of a select set of alternative disease control strategies. RVF is a vector-borne, zoonotic disease that affects both livestock and humans...

Testing Miocene Remagnetization of Bey Dalari: Timing and Amount of Neogene Rotations in SW Turkey Engineering, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey Received 07 December 2009; revised typescript receipt 07 December 2009 of the Aegean orocline, located in SW Turkey. The current model for this orocline involves a 25

Secure Systems Editor: S.W. Smith, sws@cs.dartmouth.edu side of the picture--the computers which we train students, young and old, to be effective cyber-citizens; and the media coverage or produce more effective tailors. S.W. SMITH Dartmouth College T oalargeextent,computingsystemsareu

Swarms of both reversed-polarity (R, older) and normal-polarity (N, younger) basaltic dikes help to define the evolution of the Minnesota portion of the Midcontinent Rift of North America. Each swarm, representing fissure-feeders for a package of overlying plateau lavas now eroded away, shows the direction of least principal stress at that time and place in the complex evolution of this abortive but nearly-successful rift. Paleomagnetic pole determinations for Carlton county (CC) and Grand Portage (GP) R dikes are coincident along the Logan Loop of the Proterozoic track, showing essential contemporaneity, though their trends are different (N.30/sup 0/E vs. N. 70-90/sup 0/E.) and they are 250 km apart. These poles match that of the R lavas of the North Shore Volcanic Group (NSVG) and imply a younger age than the R Logan sills and dikes. The geochemistry of the dikes (71 analyses) also correlates well with NSVG flows, ranging from olivine tholeiites to transitional basalts and basaltic andesites and is similar to tholeiites of Columbia River, Parana, and Tertiary No. Atlantic provinces. Though each swarm shows a range of compositions, some are dominantly more evolved, whereas others contain more primitive dikes with higher Al, Mg/Fe, Cr and Ni and lower Fe, Ti, P and LIL's. An early major episode of rifting during the R polarity interval was followed by at least one major N episode in Minnesota before the final one along the present Lake Superior syncline axis. Rifting directions and mantle sources were different for each episode as shown by cross-trending dike sets, indicating complex rift development.

The approximately 1.1 Ga Nonesuch Formation, northern Wisconsin and Michigan, represents marine sedimentation in a failed continental rift that is part of the North American Midcontinent rift system. Indicators of thermal maturity based on solvent-extractable (bitumen) and insoluble (kerogen) organic matter suggest marginal to moderate levels of maturity with respect to zones of petroleum generation and preservation. Values of sterane 20S/(20S + 20R) ratio, hopane 22S/(22S + 22R) ratio, methylphenanthrene index, and temperature of maximum pyrolytic yield from Rock-Eval (Tmax) indicate maximum burial temperatures of around 80 C. Geologic constraints indicate maximum burial conditions for the Nonesuch of around 4 km for approximately 50 million years. Overlying sandstones buried the Nonesuch quickly. Assuming a surface temperature of around 20 C yields a geothermal gradient of 15 C/km, significantly lower than predicted based on heat flow in modern rifts. Unless burial histories are grossly inaccurate, geothermal gradients were depressed as a result of thermal insulation by non-radiogenic basalts and/or hydrologic circulation in underlying coarse-grained strata generated an anomalously low geothermal gradient. Hydrothermal circulation was a significant component of mineralization in the structurally complex White Pine deposit, lending credence to the hypothesis that hydrologic circulation caused regionally depressed geothermal gradients. In addition, regional heat flow may have been low as a result of the insulating effect of a thick accumulation of rift basalts represented by the Portage Lake Volcanics. Organic geochemical indicators of thermal alteration provide a framework for interpreting tectonic development of the North American Midcontinent rift system.

This thesis investigates three processes that control the evolution of oceanic margins. Chapter 2 presents seismic images of a ~2-km-thick evaporite body in Guaymas Basin, central Gulf of California. In rifts, evaporites ...

Examination of the oil fields in the Gabon, Lower Congo, and Cuanza basins allows modeling of oil migration and a more accurate ranking of prospects using geologic risk factors. Oil accumulations in these basins are in strata deposited during Cretaceous rift and drift phases, thus providing a diversity of geologic settings to examine. Oil accumulations in rift deposits are located on large faulted anticlines or in truncated units atop horst features. Many of these oil fields were sourced from adjacent organic shales along short direct migration paths. In Areas where source rock is more remote to fields or to prospective structures, faulting and continuity of reservoir rock are important to the migration of hydrocarbons. Because Aptian salts separate rift-related deposits from those of the drift stage, salt evacuation and faulting of the salt residuum are necessary for oil migration from the pre-salt sequences into the post-salt section. Oil migration within post-salt strata is complicated by the presence of salt walls and faulted carbonate platforms. Hydrocarbon shows in wells drilled throughout this area provide critical data for evaluating hydrocarbon migration pathways. Such evaluation in combination with modeling and mapping of the organic-rich units, maturation, reservoir facies, structural configurations, and seals in existing fields allows assessment of different plays. Based on this information, new play types and prospective structures can be ranked with respect to geologic risk.

This report describes experimental studies to evaluate the use of EPA SW-846 method 3051 for preparation and dissolution of solid samples for Hg analysis. The study showed that the method is effective in dissolution of four sample types without significant loss of Hg. Based on results of this study, method 3051 was used for analysis of high radioactive waste samples to obtain results for a number of RCRA regulated metals without the need to utilize a separate sample preparation method (EPA SW-846 method 7471A) specific only for Hg.

An unusual group of cherts found at saline, alkaline Lake Bogoria in the Kenya Rift differs from the Magadi-type cherts commonly associated with saline, alkaline lakes. The cherts are opaline, rich in diatoms, and formed from a siliceous, probably gelatinous, precursor that precipitated around submerged alkaline hot springs during a Holocene phase of high lake level. Silica precipitation resulted from rapid drop in the temperature of the spring waters and, possibly, pH. Lithification began before subaerial exposure. Ancient analogous cherts are likely to be localized deposits along fault lines.

AS SIRAT PLATEAU NUB IAN PLATE 16' aJABAL AT TI RF YEMEN ET H I OP I A N AFAR GULF OF ADEN , oe I 00 0 I QO k ~+ J ~4 SOMALI AN PLATE Coleman and others (1978) have investigated a portion of' this rift zone east of' Jizan, the Tihama... that may relate to these magmatic processes. Although the geologic setting for this gabbro is different from that of obducted ophio- lites, does it compare chemically to those gabbros in ophiolites? Is it possibly closer in chemistry and geology...

The complex rifting and subsidence history of the Sirte basin serves as an instructive case study of the tectonic evolution of an intercratonic extensional basin. The Sirte basin formed by collapse of the Sirte arch in the mid-Cretaceous. Marine sediments accumulated following initial crustal arching and rifting as the basin was flooded from the north. Upper Cretaceous strata lie unconformably on igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Precambrian basement complex, Cambrian-Ordovician Gargaf Group, or the pre-Cretaceous continental Nubian Sandstone. The most rapid subsidence and accumulation of basinal strata occurred in the early Cenozoic; however, the basin has been relatively stable since the Oligocene. The basin is floored by a northwest-southeast-trending mosaic of narrow horsts and grabens, an important structural characteristic that distinguishes it from the adjacent intracratonic Kufra, Murzuk, and Ghadames basins. The details of basin subsidence, sediment accumulation rates, and facies variations have been reconstructed for the northern Sirte basin from a suite of approximately 100 well logs and numerous seismic lines. Subsidence-rate maps for short time intervals from the mid-Cretaceous through the Eocene show a continual shifting of the loci of maximum and minimum subsidence. The nonsteady character of basin subsidence may reflect a periodicity of movement on the major basement-rooted growth faults bounding the underlying horsts and grabens.

investigated parts of the southwest Pacific Ocean. It is a region of remnant volcanic arcs, plateaus and basins of the study area in the SW Pacific Ocean, showing geographic names and dredge locations from ChurkinOligocene­Miocene tectonic evolution of the South Fiji Basin and Northland Plateau, SW Pacific

Lake Turkana is the largest closed basin lake in the African rift system. It has evolved through the past 5000 years to become a moderately alkaline lake. Previous mass balance argument suggest that sulfate is removed from the lake by sulfate reduction in the sediments, and that the lake is accumulating in chloride, sodium, and alkalinity. Studies of pore water from 12 meter cores collected in November 1984 show that sulfate is reduced in the sediment column with a net production of alkalinity. Some sodium is lost from the lake and diffuses into the sediment to maintain charge balance. At several meters depth, organic matter is destroyed by methanogenic bacteria, as shown by the high delta /sup 13/C values for dissolved inorganic carbon. Magnesium and calcium molar ratios change with depth; chloride, sodium, and alkalinity also change with depth.

Bipedality, the definitive characteristic of the earliest hominids, has been regarded as an adaptive response to a transition from forested to more-open habitats in East Africa sometime between 12 million and 5 million years ago. Analyses of the stable carbon isotopic composition ([delta][sup 13]C) of paleosol carbonate and organic matter from the Tugen Hills succession in Kenya indicate that a heterogeneous environment with a mix of C3 and C4 plants has persisted for the last 15.5 million years. Open grasslands at no time dominated this portion of the rift valley. The observed [delta][sup 13]C values offer no evidence for a shift from more-closed C3 environments to C4 grasslands habitats. If hominids evolved in East Africa during the Late Miocene, they did so in an ecologically diverse setting.

showing For 6,000 megawatts (MW) of installed wind capacity (close to current status), analysis indicates system simulation results is still narrowly focused; in that wind capacity was added without load growth focused; in that wind capacity was added without load growth and no SW s assumed. However, some

directly from the low-grade metamorphic lithotypes undergoing dolomitization, nor from the low-temperature across large areas of the Iglesiente­Sulcis mining district (SW Sardinia, Italy). The dolomite crops out within circulation cells, which were driven by high heat flow. Fluids originated in the underlying rocks

Two Distinctive Granite Suites in the SW Bohemian Massif and their Record of Emplacement types of gneisses, migmatites and granites dominate the out- crops of the Bavarian Forest characteristics ofa crustal root zone. Fourteen granite intrusions from this area have been dated by the single

, evaluating, and revising the plan of care for clients and their families 6. Demonstrate best practicesOriginal2/06; revised 9/14 sw Preceptor Manual UTHSC College of Nursing MSN Program NSG 519. This manual is designed to assist you in your role. You will find included: ! An introduction to the NSG 519

the plan of care for clients and their families 6. Demonstrate best practices in the delegation of care. 7Original2/06; revised 9/14 sw Preceptor Manual UTHSC College of Nursing BSN Program NSG 419. This manual is designed to assist you in your role. You will find included: ! An introduction to the NSG 419

The Kenya Rift Valley (KRV) is part of a major continental rift system from which much outgassing is presently occurring. Previous research on gases in the KRV has tended to concentrate on their geothermal implications; the present paper is an attempt to broaden the interpretation by consideration of new data including helium and carbon isotope analyses from a wide cross-section of sites. In order to do this, gases have been divided into categories dependent on origin. N{sub 2} and noble gases are for the most part atmospherically derived, although their relative concentrations may be altered from ASW ratios by various physical processes. Reduced carbon (CH{sub 4} and homologues) appears to be exclusively derived from the shallow crust, with thermogenic {delta}{sup 13}C values averaging -25{per_thousand} PDB for CH{sub 4}. H{sub 2} is likely also to be crustally formed. CO{sub 2}, generally a dominant constituent, has a narrow {delta}{sup 13}C range averaging -3.7{per_thousand} PDB, and is likely to be derived with little modification from the upper mantle. Consideration of the ratio C/{sup 3}He supports this view in most cases. Sulphur probably also originates there. Ratios of {sup 3}He/{sup 4}He reach a MORB-like maximum of 8.0 R/R{sub A} and provide the best indication of an upper mantle source of gases beneath the KRV. A correlation between {sup 3}He/{sup 4}He and the hydrocarbon parameter log (C{sub 1}/{Sigma}C{sub 2-4}) appears to be primarily temperature related. The highest {sup 3}He/{sup 4}He ratios in spring waters are associated with basalts, perhaps because of the leaching of basalt glasses. There may be a structural control on {sup 3}He/{sup 4}He ratios in the KRV as a whole.

Hager for use of the HeMP software. v TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE TITLE PAGE i ABSTRACT iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES x CHAPTER 1: Introduction 14... for Himalayan-Tibetan deformation 120 FIGURE 4. End member models for the development of the North Lunggar Rift 122 x FIGURE 5. Location and age of samples analyzed from the North Lunggar Rift 124 FIGURE 6. Age-elevation relationship (AER...

survey also provided information on other aspects of the cratonic basement, such as the struc- ture of the Nemaha ridge and the distribu- tion of major horizons within the deep crust. These subjects are mentioned here but are discussed more... they may provide additional information on the nature of crustal rocks [L. Serpa, manu- Serpa et al.: Structure of Southern Keweenawan Rift 371 KANSAS LI -80 west Nemaha Uplift Big Springs vp no 2000 4 3 0  1000  2 o  ; --'r...

Platy calcite crystals, which have their c axis parallel to their shortest length axis, are common components of travertine deposits found around some hot springs in the Kenya Rift Valley. They are composite crystals formed of numerous paper-thin subcrystals. Individual plates allowed to grow without obstruction develop a hexagonal motif. The Kenyan crystals typically form in hot (>75 C) waters that have a low Ca content (<10 mg/l), a high CO{sub 2} content, and a high rate of CO{sub 2} degassing. At Chemurkeu, aggregates of numerous small platy crystals collectively form lattice crystals that superficially resemble ray crystals. The walls of the lattice crystals are formed of large platy crystals that have their long and intermediate length axes aligned parallel to the plane of the long axis of the lattice crystal. Internally, the lattice crystals are formed of small platy calcite crystals arranged in a boxlike pattern that creates the appearance of a lattice when viewed in thin section. Lattice crystals are highly porous, with each pore being enclosed by platy crystals. At Lorusio, travertines are mainly formed of pseudodentrites that are constructed by numerous small platy crystals attached to a main stem which is a large platy crystal that commonly curves along its long axis. The pseudodentrites are the main construction blocks in ledges and lilypads that form in the vent pool and spring outflow channels, where the water is too hot for microbes other than hyperthermophiles. The platy calcite crystals in the Kenyan travertines are morphologically similar to platy calcite crystals that form as scale in pipes in the geothermal fields of New Zealand and hydrothermal angel wing calcite from the La Fe mine in Mexico. Comparison of the Kenyan and New Zealand crystals indicates that platy calcite crystals form from waters with a low Ca{sup 2+} content and a high CO{sub 3}/Ca ratio due to rapid rates of CO{sub 2} degassing.

- truded brine has been flushed backward to- ward the lake. Numerical simulations solv- ing the coupled- ent aquifer permeabilities on both sides of the rift, brine percolated into aquifers on the western. It is suggested that the perco- lating brine on the western side reacted with limestone at depth to form

Detailed studies of the subsurface structure of the Cambrian Reelfoot rift (RFR) in the Midwestern US provide important insights into continental rifting processes and into the structural fabric of a zone of modern intracratonic seismicity (New Madrid zone). High-quality oil industry seismic reflection data show that in the area of transition between the RFR and the Rough Creek Graben (RCG) the geometry of the Cambrian rift system is that of a half-graben that thickens to the southeast. This contrasts with the northward-thickening half-graben observed to the east in the RCG and with the more symmetric graben to the south in the RFR. An 82.8-km segment of a northwest-southeast seismic reflection profile in southeastern Illinois and western Kentucky shows that near Hicks Dome, Illinois, Middle and Lower Cambrian syn-rift sedimentary rocks occupy about 0.35 s (two-way travel time) on the seismic reflection section (corresponding to a thickness of about 970 m). This stratigraphic interval occupies about 0.45 s (1,250 m) near the Ohio river and is thickest against the Tabb Fault System (TFS) in Kentucky, where it occupies 0.7 s (1,940 m). The seismic data show that in this part of the Cambrian rift the master fault was part of the TFS and that normal displacement on the TFS continued through middle Paleozoic time. The seismic data also provide new information on the late Paleozoic development of Hicks-Dome and the surrounding Fluorspar Area Fault Complex (FAFC) in southeastern Illinois and western Kentucky. A series of grabens and horsts in the FAFC document a late Paleozoic reactivation of the RFR. Comparison of the reflection data with surface mineralization patterns shows that in most cases mineralized graben-bounding faults clearly cut basement or are splays from faults that cut basement.

, SW Turkey, inferred from cosmogenic dating and glacier modeling Mehmet Akif Sarikayaa,Ã?, Marek Zredaa, Turkey Received 3 July 2007; received in revised form 18 December 2007; accepted 3 January 2008 Abstract), the southwestern most previously glaciated mountain in Turkey. Valleys on the north side of the mountain were

is on increase in the safety-critical system in recent years. In the safety-critical systems such as Nuclear**, and Sung Deok Cha** Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology * Department of Nuclear and QuantumAN INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT OF S/W SPECIFICATION AND V&V FOR SAFETY-CRITICAL SYSTEMS Abstract

Kangiella koreensis (Yoon et al. 2004) is the type species of the genus and is of phylogenetic interest because of the very isolated location of the genus Kangiella in the gammaproteobac-terial order Oceanospirillales. K. koreensis SW-125T is a Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming bacterium isolated from tidal flat sediments at Daepo Beach, Yellow Sea, Ko-rea. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome se-quence, and annotation. This is the first completed genome sequence from the genus Kangiel-la and only the fourth genome from the order Oceanospirillales. This 2,852,073 bp long sin-gle replicon genome with its 2647 protein-coding and 48 RNA genes is part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.

kilometers. A third model assumes partial isostatic compensation of the bathymetry, but adds a superimposed lithospheric slab sub- ducting into the trench, and suggests an oceanic crust thickness of 8 kilometers. A complete Bouguer gravity anomaly over... are presented, which successfully account for the observed gravity anomaly across the rift. The first model assumes a heat source, below a 35 kilometer thick continental crust, which promotes regular lateral changes in density due to the horizontal geothermal...

DENSITY ANOMALIES IN THE CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE BELOW THE TONGA ? KERMADEC TRENCH AND BELOW THE RIO GRANDE RIFT: IMPLIED MAGNITUDE AND ORIENTATION OF MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS A Thesis by BRENT BRADSHAW MECHAM Submitted to the Graduate College... of Texas ASM University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1986 Major Subject: Geophysics DENSITY ANOMALIES IN THE CRUST AND UPPER MANTLE BELOW THE TONGA ? KERMADEC TRENCH AND BELOW THE RIO GRANDE...

The Puna Geothermal Resource Subzones (GRS) project area encompasses approximately 22,000 acres centered on the Kilauea East Rift Zone in Puna District, Hawaii Island. The area is divided into three subzones proposed for geothermal power development -- Kilauea Middle East Rift, Kamaili and Kapoho GRS. Throughout the time of human occupation, eruptive episodes along the rift have maintained a dynamic landscape. Periodic volcanic events, for example, have changed the coastline configuration, altered patterns of agriculturally suitable sediments, and created an assortment of periodically active, periodically quiescent, volcanic hazards. Because of the active character of the rift zone, then, the area`s occupants have always been obliged to organize their use of the landscape to accommodate a dynamic mosaic of lava flow types and ages. While the specific configuration of settlements and agricultural areas necessarily changed in response to volcanic events, it is possible to anticipate general patterns in the manner in which populations used the landscape through time. This research design offers a model that predicts the spatial results of long-term land-use patterns and relates them to the character of the archaeological record of that use. In essence, the environmental/land-use model developed here predicts that highest population levels, and hence the greatest abundance and complexity of identifiable prehistoric remains, tended to cluster near the coast at places that maximized access to productive fisheries and agricultural soils. With the possible exception of a few inland settlements, the density of archaeological remains expected to decrease with distance from the coastline. The pattern is generally supported in the regions existing ethnohistoric and archaeological record.

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualPropertyd8c-a9ae-f8521cbb8489 No revision hasda62829c05bGabbsInformationEnergy2002) |Open|

LONG-TERM HYDROLOGIC RESPONSES TO SHRUB REMOVAL IN A SW TEXAS RANGELAND: USING SOIL CHLORIDE TO ESTIMATE DEEP DRAINAGE A Thesis by DAVID ANTHONY BARRE Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University... of the study were to identify those biotic and abiotic factors facilitating deep drainage and to examine differences in recharge for the years following clearing of natural shrub vegetation. Soil chloride was examined to estimate long-term recharge rates...

We investigate the complete next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to $\\Upsilon(1S) +W$ production at the LHC, and predict theoretically the distribution of the $\\Upsilon(1S)$ transverse momentum. We analyse the contributions from different components up to the QCD NLO in the \\ppUW process. Our results show that the \\ppUW process has a large production rate and could be potentially detected at the LHC. We see that the differential cross section for the $\\Upsilon(1S)$ direct-production at the LO is significantly enhanced by the QCD corrections, and the $b\\bar{b} [ ^3S_1^{(8)} ]$ contribution component dominates in the whole plotted $p_T^{\\Upsilon(1S)}$ region. We have also calculated the $\\Upsilon(1S)$ meson indirect-productions via feed-down decays of $\\Upsilon(2S)$, $\\Upsilon(3S)$, $\\chi_{b1}(1P)$, $\\chi_{b2}(1P)$, $\\chi_{b1}(2P)$, and $\\chi_{b2}(2P)$ mesons. We find that the $\\Upsilon(1S)$ indirect-productions can give important contributions to the distribution of $p_T^{\\Upsilon(1S)}$ for the \\ppUW process at the NLO. We conclude that the studying the $\\Upsilon(1S)+W$ production at the LHC could provide an interesting opportunity in testing the nonrelativistic QCD factorization formalism.

Single-crystal laser fusion {sup 40}Ar/{sup 39}Ar analyses and several conventional bulk fusion {sup 40}K- {sup 40}Ar dates have been used to determine the age of volcaniclastic strata within the Olorgesailie Formation and of associated volcanic and sedimentary units of the southern Kenya rift. In the principal exposures along the southern edge of the Legemunge Plain, the formation spans the interval from approximately 500 to 1,000 ka. Deposition continued to the east along the Ol Keju Nyiro river where a tuff near the top of the formation has been dated at 215 ka. In these exposures, the formation is unconformably overlain by sediments dated at 49 ka. A possible source for the Olorgesailie tephra, the Ol Doinyo Nyokie volcanic complex, contains as ash flow dated at {approximately} 1 Ma, extending the known age range of this complex to encompass that of virtually the entire Olorgesailie Formation in the Legemunge Plain. These geologic examples illustrate the importance of the single-crystal {sup 40}Ar/{sup 39}Ar dating technique whereby contaminant, altered, or otherwise aberrant grains can be identified and eliminated from the determination of eruptive ages for reworked or altered pyroclastic deposits. The authors have presented a computer-modeling procedure based on an inverse-isochron analysis that promotes a more objective approach to trimming {sup 40}Ar/{sup 39}Ar isotope data sets of this type.

The US Department of Energy is responsible for managing the disposal of radioactive liquid waste in underground storage tanks at the Hanford site in Washington State. The Hanford waste treatment and immobilization plant (WPT) will separate the waste into a small volume of high level waste (HLW), containing most of the radioactive constituents, and a larger volume of low activity waste (LAW), containing most of the non-radioactive chemical and hazardous constituents. The HLW and LAW will be converted into immobilized waste forms for disposal. Currently there is inadequate LAW vitrification capacity planned at the WTP to complete the mission within the required timeframe. Therefore additional LAW capacity is required. One candidate supplemental treatment technology is the fluidized bed steam reformer process (FBSR). This report describes the demonstration testing of the FBSR process using a mineralizing flowsheet for treating simulated Hanford LAW and secondary waste from the WTP (WTP SW). The FBSR testing project produced leach-resistant solid products and environmentally compliant gaseous effluents. The solid products incorporated normally soluble ions into an alkali alumino-silicate (NaS) mineral matrix. Gaseous emissions were found to be within regulatory limits. Cesium and rhenium were captured in the mineralized products with system removal efficiencies of 99.999% and 99.998 respectively. The durability and leach performance of the FBSR granular solid were superior to the low activity reference material (LMR) glass standards. Normalized product consistency test (PCT) release rates for constituents of concern were approximately 2 orders of magnitude less than that of sodium in the Hanford glass [standard].

Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic data for rocks and minerals of the Glen Mountains layered complex (GMLC), a midcontinent mafic layered intrusion in the Wichita Mountains of southwestern Oklahoma, constrain the time of initiation of rifting within the southern Oklahoma aulacogen and provide information on the chemistry of the early Paleozoic mantle. Four whole-rock samples define a Rb-Sr isochron corresponding to a maximum crystallization age of 577 +/- 165 Ma and an initial Sr isotopic composition of 0.70359 +/- 2. A three-point Sm-Nd mineral-whole-rock (internal) isochron for an anorthositic gabbro provides a crystallization age of 528 +/- 29 Ma. These data suggest that the GMLC was emplaced into the southern Oklahoma aulacogen during the initial phase of rifting along the southern margin of the North American craton in the early Paleozoic. This Sm-Nd internal isochron age is within analytical uncertainty of U-Pb zircon ages for granites and rhyolites from the Wichita Mountains; therefore, mafic and felsic magmatism may have been contemporaneous within the rift during the early stages of development. Hybrid rocks and composite dikes in the Wichita Mountains provide field evidence for contemporaneous mafic and felsic magmas. Initial Sr and Nd isotopic data suggest that magmas parental to the GMLC were derived from a depleted mantle source. However, Nd isotopic data for the GMLC plot distinctly below data for the depleted mantle source cited by DePaolo and thus suggest that the parental magmas of the GMLC were either contaminated by Proterozoic crust of the southern midcontinent or were derived from a heterogenous mantle source region that had variable initial Nd isotopic compositions.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a member of the Phlebovirus genus in the Bunyaviridae family, is transmitted by mosquitoes and infects both humans and domestic animals, particularly cattle and sheep. Since primary RVFV strains must be handled in BSL-3+ or BSL-4 facilities, a RVFV cell-cell fusion assay will facilitate the investigation of RVFV glycoprotein function under BSL-2 conditions. As for other members of the Bunyaviridae family, RVFV glycoproteins are targeted to the Golgi, where the virus buds, and are not efficiently delivered to the cell surface. However, overexpression of RVFV glycoproteins using an alphavirus replicon vector resulted in the expression of the glycoproteins on the surface of multiple cell types. Brief treatment of RVFV glycoprotein expressing cells with mildly acidic media (pH 6.2 and below) resulted in rapid and efficient syncytia formation, which we quantified by {beta}-galactosidase {alpha}-complementation. Fusion was observed with several cell types, suggesting that the receptor(s) for RVFV is widely expressed or that this acid-dependent virus does not require a specific receptor to mediate cell-cell fusion. Fusion occurred over a broad temperature range, as expected for a virus with both mosquito and mammalian hosts. In contrast to cell fusion mediated by the VSV-G glycoprotein, RVFV glycoprotein-dependent cell fusion could be prevented by treating target cells with trypsin, indicating that one or more proteins (or protein-associated carbohydrate) on the host cell surface are needed to support membrane fusion. The cell-cell fusion assay reported here will make it possible to study the membrane fusion activity of RVFV glycoproteins in a high-throughput format and to screen small molecule inhibitors for the ability to block virus-specific membrane fusion.

We develop a strategy for the non-perturbative determination of the O(a)-improvement coefficient c_sw for Wilson fermions with massive sea quarks. The improvement condition is defined via the PCAC relation in the Schr\\"odinger functional. It is imposed along a line of constant physics designed to be close to the correct mass of the charm quark. The numerical work uses the tree-level improved L\\"uscher-Weisz gauge action in N_f=3+1 Lattice QCD.

We have analysed the invariant mass distribution of dileptons in S+W collisions at 200A GeV as measured by the HELIOS-3 collaboration at CERN SPS. Three scenarios were considered where the collision lead to formation of (i) the quark-gluon plasma, (ii) the ideal hot hadron gas and (iii) the viscous hot hadron gas. The space-time evolution was governed by the minimal extension of the Bjorken hydrodynamics. All the three scenarios indicate excess dileptons in the experiment.

This report describes a preliminary sample inventory and offers an initial evaluation of settlement and land-use patterns for the Geothermal Resources Subzones (GRS) area, located in Puna District on the island of Hawaii. The report is the second of a two part project dealing with archaeology of the Puna GRS area -- or more generally, the Kilauea East Rift Zone. In the first phase of the project, a long-term land-use model and inventory research design was developed for the GRS area and Puna District generally. That report is available under separate cover as Archaeology in the Kilauea East Rift Zone, Part I: Land-Use Model and Research Design. The present report gives results of a limited cultural resource survey built on research design recommendations. It offers a preliminary evaluation of modeled land-use expectations and offers recommendations for continuing research into Puna`s rich cultural heritage. The present survey was conducted under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy, and subcontracted to International Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. (IARII) by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. The purpose of the archaeological work is to contribute toward the preparation of an environmental impact statement by identifying cultural materials which could be impacted through completion of the proposed Hawaii Geothermal Project.

A reconnaissance assessment of the carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) sequestration potential within the Triassic age rift trend sediments of South Carolina, Georgia and the northern Florida Rift trend was performed for the Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). This rift trend also extends into eastern Alabama, and has been termed the South Georgia Rift by previous authors, but is termed the South Carolina, Georgia, northern Florida, and eastern Alabama Rift (SGFAR) trend in this report to better describe the extent of the trend. The objectives of the study were to: (1) integrate all pertinent geologic information (literature reviews, drilling logs, seismic data, etc.) to create an understanding of the structural aspects of the basin trend (basin trend location and configuration, and the thickness of the sedimentary rock fill), (2) estimate the rough CO{sub 2} storage capacity (using conservative inputs), and (3) assess the general viability of the basins as sites of large-scale CO{sub 2} sequestration (determine if additional studies are appropriate). The CO{sub 2} estimates for the trend include South Carolina, Georgia, and northern Florida only. The study determined that the basins within the SGFAR trend have sufficient sedimentary fill to have a large potential storage capacity for CO{sub 2}. The deeper basins appear to have sedimentary fill of over 15,000 feet. Much of this fill is likely to be alluvial and fluvial sedimentary rock with higher porosity and permeability. This report estimates an order of magnitude potential capacity of approximately 137 billion metric tons for supercritical CO{sub 2}. The pore space within the basins represent hundreds of years of potential storage for supercritical CO{sub 2} and CO{sub 2} stored in aqueous form. There are many sources of CO{sub 2} within the region that could use the trend for geologic storage. Thirty one coal fired power plants are located within 100 miles of the deepest portions of these basins. There are also several cement and ammonia plants near the basins. Sixteen coal fired power plants are present on or adjacent to the basins which could support a low pipeline transportation cost. The current geological information is not sufficient to quantify specific storage reservoirs, seals, or traps. There is insufficient hydrogeologic information to quantify the saline nature of the water present within all of the basins. Water data in the Dunbarton Basin of the Savannah River Site indicates dissolved solids concentrations of greater than 10,000 parts per million (not potential drinking water). Additional reservoir characterization is needed to take advantage of the SGFAR trend for anthropogenic CO{sub 2} storage. The authors of this report believe it would be appropriate to study the reservoir potential in the deeper basins that are in close proximity to the current larger coal fired power plants (Albany-Arabi, Camilla-Ocilla, Alamo-Ehrhardt, and Jedburg basin).

Between 1091 and 1098 Ma, most of a 15- to 20-km thickness of dominantly tholeiitic basalt erupted in the Midcontinent Rift System of the Lake Superior region, North American. The Portage Lake Volcanics in Michigan, which are the youngest MRS flood basalts, fall into distinctly high- and low-TiO{sub 2} types having different liquid lines of descent. Incompatible trace elements in both types of tholeiites are enriched compared to depleted or primitive mantle (La/Yb = 4.3-5.3; Th/Ta = 2.12-2.16; Zr/Y = 4.3-4.4), and both basalt types are isotopically indistinguishable. Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic compositions of the Portage Lake tholeiites have {sup 87}Sr/{sup 86}Sr{sub i} {approx}0.7038, {epsilon}{sub Nd(1095 Ma)} {approx}0 {plus minus} 2, and {mu}{sub 1} {approx}8.2. Model ages with respect to a depleted mantle source (T{sub DM}) average about 1950-2100 Ma. Portage Lake rhyolits fall into two groups. Type I rhyolites have Nd and Pb isotopic characteristics ({epsilon}{sub Nd(1095 Ma)} {approx}0 to {minus}4.7; {mu}{sub 1} {approx}8.2-7.8) consistent with contamination of tholeiitic rocks by 5-10% Archean crust. The one type II rhyolite analyzed has Nd and Pb isotopic compositions ({epsilon}{sub Nd(1095 Ma)} {approx}{minus}13 to {minus}16; {mu}{sub 1} {approx}7.6-7.7) which are consistent with partial melting of Archean crust. Early Proterozoic crust was not a major contaminant of MRS rocks in the Lake Superior region. Most reported Nd and Pb isotopic compositions of MRS tholeiites from the main stage of volcanism in the Lake Superior region and of the Duluth Complex are comparable to the Nd and Pb isotopic data for Portage lake tholeiites. The isotopic enrichment of the MRS source compared to depleted mantle is striking and must have occurred at least 700 m.y. before 1100 Ma.

This study focuses on evaluating the feasibility and suitability of using the Jurassic/Triassic (J/TR) sediments of the South Georgia Rift basin (SGR) for CO2 storage in southern South Carolina and southern Georgia The SGR basin in South Carolina (SC), prior to this project, was one of the least understood rift basin along the east coast of the U.S. In the SC part of the basin there was only one well (Norris Lightsey #1) the penetrated into J/TR. Because of the scarcity of data, a scaled approach used to evaluate the feasibility of storing CO2 in the SGR basin. In the SGR basin, 240 km (~149 mi) of 2-D seismic and 2.6 km2 3-D (1 mi2) seismic data was collected, process, and interpreted in SC. In southern Georgia 81.3 km (~50.5 mi) consisting of two 2-D seismic lines were acquired, process, and interpreted. Seismic analysis revealed that the SGR basin in SC has had a very complex structural history resulting the J/TR section being highly faulted. The seismic data is southern Georgia suggest SGR basin has not gone through a complex structural history as the study area in SC. The project drilled one characterization borehole (Rizer # 1) in SC. The Rizer #1 was drilled but due to geologic problems, the project team was only able to drill to 1890 meters (6200 feet) instead of the proposed final depth 2744 meters (9002 feet). The drilling goals outlined in the original scope of work were not met. The project was only able to obtain 18 meters (59 feet) of conventional core and 106 rotary sidewall cores. All the conventional core and sidewall cores were in sandstone. We were unable to core any potential igneous caprock. Petrographic analysis of the conventional core and sidewall cores determined that the average porosity of the sedimentary material was 3.4% and the average permeability was 0.065 millidarcy. Compaction and diagenetic studies of the samples determined there would not be any porosity or permeability at depth in SC. In Georgia there appears to be porosity in the J/TR section based on neutron log porosity values. The only zones in Rizer #1 that appear to be porous were fractured diabase units where saline formation water was flowing into the borehole. Two geocellular models were created for the SC and GA study area. Flow simulation modeling was performed on the SC data set. The injection simulation used the newly acquired basin data as well as the Petrel 3-D geologic model that included geologic structure. Due to the new basin findings as a result of the newly acquired data, during phase two of the modeling the diabase unit was used as reservoir and the sandstone units were used as caprock. Conclusion are: 1) the SGR basin is composed of numerous sub-basins, 2) this study only looked at portions of two sub-basins, 3) in SC, 30 million tonnes of CO2 can be injected into the diabase units if the fracture network is continuous through the units, 4) due to the severity of the faulting there is no way of assuring the injected CO2 will not migrate upward into the overlying Coastal Plain aquifers, 5) in Georgia there appears to porous zones in the J/TR sandstones, 6) as in SC there is faulting in the sub-basin and the seismic suggest the faulting extends upward into the Coastal Plain making that area not suitable for CO2 sequestration, 7) the complex faulting observed at both study areas appear to be associated with transfer fault zones (Heffner 2013), if sub-basins in the Georgia portion of the SGR basin can be located that are far away from the transfer fault zones there is a strong possibility of sequestering CO2 in these areas, and 9) the SGR basin covers area in three states and this project only studied two small areas so there is enormous potential for CO2 sequestration in other portions the basin and further research needs to be done to find these areas.

Whole-rock oxygen (n = 32) and strontium (n = 12) isotopic compositions of basalts erupted during the 1.1 Ga Midcontinent rift event provide evidence for both regional hydrothermal alteration during subsidence and more local alteration related to native Cu mineralization. In the Porcupine Mountains area of northern Michigan, the fissure-fed rift basalts of the Portage Lake volcanics show delta O-18 ca 8--9[per thousand] and Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.7029--0.7042. Overlying the Portage Lake volcanics are the remnants of a stratavolcano, the Porcupine volcanics. Basalts near the base of the Porcupine Volcanics have delta O-18 ca 8--9[per thousand] and Sr-87/Sr-86 = 0.7027-0.7049, similar to those of the Portage Lake Volcanics. In contrast, basalts near the top of the Porcupine volcanics show higher delta O-18. These values are similar to values for thin basalt flows (Lake Shore Traps) intercalated with conglomerates and sandstones overlying the stratavolcano. The Sr isotopic analyses for basalts from the Porcupine Volcanics, Portage Lake Volcanics and Lake Shore Traps yield an age of 1,060.8 [+-] 66.2 Ma, most probably reflecting the age of the regional hydrothermal alteration. Elevated delta O-18 values of basalts from the lower part of the section can be attributed to pervasive regional prehnite-pumpellyite alteration during burial shortly after eruption. Native Cu mineralization is minor or absent in these rocks. Heavier O-isotopic compositions of the Lake Shore Traps and of the basalts at the top of the Porcupine volcanics reflect localized alteration near deposits of native copper; thus, these upper basalts may have reacted with hydrothermal fluids channeled through adjacent thick conglomerates.

Midcontinent Rift flood basalts represent a sample of the relatively shallow, sub-continental upper mantle beneath the Canadian Shield at 1.1 Ga. A thick sequence of olivine tholeiite lavas, including minor intermediate to rhyolitic lavas, from the Portage Lake Volcanics (PLV) in northern Michigan have initial Nd and Sr isotopic compositions which cluster near Bulk Earth values. The effects of assimilation of old LREE-enriched continental crust into mantle-derived fractionating liquids are isotopically discernible in evolved lavas as well as in olivine tholeiites from the lowest portion of the volcanic pile. However, the effects of crustal contamination decrease with stratigraphic height and are absent in more primitive lavas in the upper half of the section. The source for PLV tholeiites is substantially less depleted than previously reported mantle values from the Superior Province. An origin for the PLV source is compatible with either of several mantle evolution models. The PLV source may have been associated with upwelling of a LIL element-enriched, asthenospheric plume which emplaced non-depleted material from deeper sources into the shallow sub-continental mantle beneath the Midcontinent Rift during continental break-up. Alternatively, the PLV source may have originated by enrichment of refractory sub-continental lithospheric mantle which was previously depleted in incompatible trace elements during Archean-aged melt extraction and continental crust formation. Concurrent generation of carbonatite magmas in other areas beneath the Superior Province indicates the widespread presence of sub-continental mantle with substantially higher {epsilon}{sub Nd}(T) and lower {epsilon}{sub Sr}(T) than the PLV source.

Constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) is a transcription factor to regulate the expression of several genes related to drug-metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that CAR protein accumulates during G1 in human SW480 and HepG2 cells. After the G1/S phase transition, CAR protein levels decreased, and CAR was hardly detected in cells by the late M phase. CAR expression in both cell lines was suppressed by RNA interference-mediated suppression of CDK4. Depletion of CAR by RNA interference in both cells and by hepatocyte growth factor treatment in HepG2 cells resulted in decreased MDM2 expression that led to p21 upregulation and repression of HepG2 cell growth. Thus, our results demonstrate that CAR expression is an early G1 event regulated by CDK4 that contributes to MDM2 expression; these findings suggest that CAR may influence the expression of genes involved in not only the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances but also in the cell proliferation.

Rift-related lavas of the North Shore Volcanic Group (NSVG) are intruded by plutonic rocks of the Duluth Complex along the unconformity between the NSVG and the underlying Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks (Animikie Group) and Archean volcano-sedimentary and plutonic rocks. Heat associated with the emplacement of the mafic intrusions generated fluid flow in the overlying plateau lavas. {delta}{sup 18}O values for whole rocks from the NSVG and hypabyssal sills range from 5.5 to 17.7{per_thousand} and 5.3 to 11.5{per_thousand}, respectively, and most values are higher than those considered normal for basaltic rocks (5.4 to 6.0{per_thousand}). In general, there is a positive correlation between whole rock {delta}{sup 18}O and water content, which suggests that elevated {delta}{sup 18}O values are related primarily to secondary mineral growth and isotopic exchange during hydrothermal alteration and metamorphism. {delta}{sup 18}O{sub H{sub 2}O} values computed from amygdule-filling minerals such as smectite, chlorite, and epidote found in low- to high-temperature metamorphic zones range from {approximately}{minus}1 to 6{per_thousand} with an average value of {approximately}3{per_thousand}. Smectite in the lower-grade zones gives computed {delta}D{sub H{sub 2}O} values between {minus}26 and {minus}83{per_thousand}, whereas epidote in the higher-grade zones gives {delta}D{sub H{sub 2}O} values of {minus}15 to 6{per_thousand}. Fluid isotopic compositions computed from epidote and smectite values are suggestive of the involvement of at least two fluids during the early stages of amygdule filling. Fluid {delta}D and {delta}{sup 18}O values determined from epidote at the higher metamorphic grades indicate that seawater dominated the deeper portions of the system where greenschist facies assemblages and elevated {delta}{sup 18}O values were produced in flow interiors, as well as margins. Smectite isotopic compositions suggest that meteoric water was predominant in the shallower portions of the system. The increase in {delta}{sup 18}O values of massive flow interiors with depth is interpreted as a result of rock interaction with a fluid of constant oxygen isotopic composition with increasing temperature. The stable isotopic data are supportive of previous suggestions that seawater was involved in the hydrothermal system associated with the Midcontinent Rift. Although the origin of the seawater remains problematic, it appears that marine incursions may have occurred during the late stages of Portage Lake volcanism, and periodically thereafter.

The Geothermal Resource Assessment Program of the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics has conducted a series of geochemical and geophysical surveys throughout the State of Hawaii since February 1978. The results compiled during this study have been used to prepare a map of potential geothermal resource areas throughout the state. Approximately thirteen separate locations on three islands have been studied in detail. Of these, four areas are known to have direct evidence of a geothermal anomaly (Kilauea East Rift Zone, Kilauea Southwest Rift Zone, Kawaihae, and Olowalu-Ukumehame) and three others are strongly suspected of having at least a low-temperature resource (Hualalai west flank, Haleakala Southwest Rift, and Lualualei Valley). In the remainder of the areas surveyed, the data obtained either were contradictory or gave no evidence of a geothermal resource.

With new THz maps that cover an area of ~3.3x2.1 pc^2 we probe the spatial distribution and association of the ionized, neutral and molecular gas components in the M17 SW nebula. We used the dual band receiver GREAT on board the SOFIA airborne telescope to obtain a 5'.7x3'.7 map of the 12CO J=13-12 transition and the [C II] 158 um fine-structure line in M17 SW and compare the spectroscopically resolved maps with corresponding ground-based data for low- and mid-J CO and [C I] emission. For the first time SOFIA/GREAT allow us to compare velocity-resolved [C II] emission maps with molecular tracers. We see a large part of the [C II] emission, both spatially and in velocity, that is completely non-associated with the other tracers of photon-dominated regions (PDR). Only particular narrow channel maps of the velocity-resolved [C II] spectra show a correlation between the different gas components, which is not seen at all in the integrated intensity maps. These show different morphology in all lines but give hardly...

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directed off Energy.gov. Are you sureReportsofDepartmentSeriesDepartmentSmall toMaterialsEnergy

We present time-resolved, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy of the SW Sex star DW UMa in the high state. We confirm that, shortward of 1500 \\AA, the high-state, UV continuum level is lower than the white dwarf (WD)-dominated low-state level. We also do not see the WD contact phases in the high state eclipse light curves. These results confirm our earlier finding that the WD in this system is hidden from view in the high state. Based on this, we caution that eclipse mapping of high-inclination SW Sex stars in the high state may yield incorrect or misleading results. In the context of DW UMa, we demonstrate explicitly that distance estimates obtained by recent eclipse mapping studies cannot be reconciled with the WD-dominated low-state spectrum. We also show that the fluxes of the UV emission lines in the high state drop near orbital phase 0.5. This is the first detection of a UV counterpart to the class-defining phase 0.5 absorption seen in the optical emission lines of SW Sex stars.

Evaluation of volcanic hazards near the proposed high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain provides the impetus for a series of detailed field and geochronologic studies of selected small late Quaternary basaltic scoria cones and lava flows in Nevada and California. Two of the most significant results of these studies are: the presence of chronostratigraphic units which indicate multiple eruptions with significant intervals of no activity between events (polycyclic volcanism); and a marked difference between conventional, numerical ages derived from K-Ar and Ar-40/Ar-39 methods and numerical, calibrated, and relative ages derived from thermoluminescence, cosmogenic He-3, the degree of soil development, and geomorphology of these volcanic landforms. Soil-bounded unconformities and buried stone pavements define the boundaries of chronostratigraphic units within these small volume basaltic centers. Volcanic centers displaying this type of stratigraphy may appear morphological simple but cannot be considered mongenetic. Recent studies by Perry and Crowe demonstrate that geochemical variations within a single basaltic volcanic center in NV are consistent with several magma batches forming a complex polycyclic volcano. The K-Ar and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages are 1--2 orders of magnitude older than either TL or cosmogenic He-3 and appear to have insufficient precision to constrain the ages of chronostratigraphic units within polycyclic volcanoes. In contrast, preliminary data indicate the TL and cosmogenic He-3 dating methods have the ability to resolve the late Quaternary volcanic stratigraphy, and results from these dating methods are consistent with the degree of soil development and geomorphic modification of the volcanic units. K-Ar and Ar-40/Ar-39 dates from these small basaltic volcanic centers have been used to calibrate new Quaternary dating methods, e.g. rock varnish, which in turn have been used to interpret landscape evolution in the SW US.

The U.S. Department of Energys Office of River Protection (ORP) is responsible for the retrieval, treatment, immobilization, and disposal of Hanfords tank waste. Currently there are approximately 56 million gallons of highly radioactive mixed wastes awaiting treatment. A key aspect of the River Protection Project (RPP) cleanup mission is to construct and operate the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). The WTP will separate the tank waste into high-level and low-activity waste (LAW) fractions, both of which will subsequently be vitrified. The projected throughput capacity of the WTP LAW Vitrification Facility is insufficient to complete the RPP mission in the time frame required by the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order, also known as the Tri-Party Agreement (TPA), i.e. December 31, 2047. Therefore, Supplemental Treatment is required both to meet the TPA treatment requirements as well as to more cost effectively complete the tank waste treatment mission. In addition, the WTP LAW vitrification facility off-gas condensate known as WTP Secondary Waste (WTP-SW) will be generated and enriched in volatile components such as {sup 137}Cs, {sup 129}I, {sup 99}Tc, Cl, F, and SO{sub 4} that volatilize at the vitrification temperature of 1150°C in the absence of a continuous cold cap (that could minimize volatilization). The current waste disposal path for the WTP-SW is to process it through the Effluent Treatment Facility (ETF). Fluidized Bed Steam Reforming (FBSR) is being considered for immobilization of the ETF concentrate that would be generated by processing the WTP-SW. The focus of this current report is the WTP-SW. FBSR offers a moderate temperature (700-750°C) continuous method by which WTP-SW wastes can be processed irrespective of whether they contain organics, nitrates, sulfates/sulfides, chlorides, fluorides, volatile radionuclides or other aqueous components. The FBSR technology can process these wastes into a crystalline ceramic (mineral) waste form. The mineral waste form that is produced by co-processing waste with kaolin clay in an FBSR process has been shown to be as durable as LAW glass. Monolithing of the granular FBSR product is being investigated to prevent dispersion during transport or burial/storage, but is not necessary for performance. A Benchscale Steam Reformer (BSR) was designed and constructed at the SRNL to treat actual radioactive wastes to confirm the findings of the non-radioactive FBSR pilot scale tests and to qualify the waste form for applications at Hanford. BSR testing with WTP SW waste surrogates and associated analytical analyses and tests of granular products (GP) and monoliths began in the Fall of 2009, and then was continued from the Fall of 2010 through the Spring of 2011. Radioactive testing commenced in 2010 with a demonstration of Hanfords WTP-SW where Savannah River Site (SRS) High Level Waste (HLW) secondary waste from the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) was shimmed with a mixture of {sup 125/129}I and {sup 99}Tc to chemically resemble WTP-SW. Prior to these radioactive feed tests, non-radioactive simulants were also processed. Ninety six grams of radioactive granular product were made for testing and comparison to the non-radioactive pilot scale tests. The same mineral phases were found in the radioactive and non-radioactive testing. The granular products (both simulant and radioactive) were tested and a subset of the granular material (both simulant and radioactive) were stabilized in a geopolymer matrix. Extensive testing and characterization of the granular and monolith material were made including the following: ? ASTM C1285 (Product Consistency Test) testing of granular and monolith; ? ASTM C1308 accelerated leach testing of the radioactive monolith; ? ASTM C192 compression testing of monoliths; and ? EPA Method 1311 Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) testing. The significant findings of the testing completed on simulant and radioactive WTP-SW are given below: ? Data indicates {sup 99}Tc, Re, Cs, and I

DOE ordered Watermark Designs, Ltd. to pay a $4,200 civil penalty after finding Watermark Designs, Ltd. had manufactured and distributed in commerce in the U.S. sixty-three units of basic model SH-FAL90, a noncompliant showerhead.

in turbine shafts and generator rotors require either stopping the machine and exciting it with vibration Recently, social networks turn into an automated platform which enables participants to become dynamic

. Laundry Laundry facilities are located on every other floor (starting on the 3rd floor) on the South wing-recyclable garbage in recycling areas. If you leave trash, abandoned furniture, and other goods in common areas

different lake levels can be compared to evaluate how changes in size, shape, and lake configuration might that they could produce carbonate deposits of po- tential economic interest. Three of the areas--Great Salt Lake sedimentology, petroleum geology, and marine geology. He received his Ph.D. from the Vrije Universiteit

This report describes the final expenditures for the INIE project during FY 08/09. (There were no expenditures during FY09/10 or during FY10/11.) To see the list of accomplishments done using the INIE funds, please see the reports included here. The last of the FY 07/08 funds were brought forward and used to complete two distance education modules teaching reactor experiments. These modules and parts from the modules are still being used and are being disseminated off-campus as a part of our distance education effort. The second largest expenditure was sending students to the ANS to present student papers on work that they had done the previous year underwritten by INIE funds. The remaining expenditures were IDC charges and minor travel expenses to give students a tour of a medical facility. Once again we wish to express of sincere appreciation of the INIE program and hope that the return on investment is appreciated by the DOE. Although INIE has come to a close, looking back at all the Consortium has accomplished is astounding. And, as was hoped, these funds have proved to be a springboard for continuing work, particularly at Texas A&M. With the resurgence of nuclear power, the utilities have realized that the nuclear workforce in the near future will be too small for the task of bringing dozens of new plants on line and have turned their attention to the URRs to help feed the workforce pipeline. The distance education modules developed at the A&M are soon to be broadcast throughout the country to help train a new generation of nuclear workers. Our students at the Nuclear Science Center at being snapped up by the nuclear power plants after graduating. Our research projects at A&M have all ended with new data, new ways of looking at old problems, and produced a covey of good students. I want to say 'Thanks' with utmost sincerity because without the INIE funds our efforts would yield a small fraction of the accomplishments you see in this report.

and Benefits The Green Energy Institute at Lewis & Clark Law School respectfully submits the following comments: Methodology for Determining Quantifiable Environmental Costs and Benefits. The Green Energy Institute Northwest to adapt to changing federal and state regulations. With these goals in mind, the Green Energy

-- often referred to as biobased products -- are virtually the same as their petroleum-based counterparts instead of petroleum. Biobased products can supplement or replace a wide variety of petroleum petroleum deriva- tive industries1 . As production moved to other countries, so did jobs. Total U

and you need technical assistance or support, in the United States and Canada, call the Technical Service as harmful tampering, data loss or alteration, regardless of motive or intent) Be aware that there may realize that, if such an intrusion should occur, it could result in a variety of losses to your company

of a system S which could exhibit unsafe behavior (behavior which could result in injury or death to a person" is a technical term defined in the international standard addressing functional safety of systems involving a "dangerous failure" consists will be derived from the specification and analysis of S. The notion of "failure

A comprehensive data base of more than 3000 km of seismic lines, gravity and magnetic data, more than 30 subsurface well logs, and surface geology data were utilized to examine and interpret the sedimentary and tectonic history of the onshore and offshore parts of Northeast Libya and their hydrocarbon potential. The Dernah-Tobruk and Benghazi offshore basins form the northern parts of the study area. The Cyrenaica Stable Platform represents the southern parts. The Sirual Trough stretches E-W and opens into the Antelat Trough in the west. Between these elements is the uplifted areas of the Al Jabal Al Akhdar. Six principal tectonic phases were responsible for the formation and development of these structural elements: the pre-Mesozoic phase, the Triassic-Jurassic rifting phase, the Neocomian and the Aptian-Albian renewed rifting phases, the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene uplifting phase; and the Eocene-Middle Oligocene rifting phase. Oceanic crust of probable Aptian-Albian age is evident on the seismic lines north of the master fault marking the southern boundary of the rift separating the north African plate and Apulia. The western boundary of the Dernah High displayed clearly NE-SW strike-slip movement of these trajectories. Oceanic crust is also present west of the Dernah High. Positive gravity and magnetic anomalies traverse parallel to the boundary of this oceanic plate Mesogea. The prerequisites for commercial hydrocarbon production are present in abundance. Reservoirs ranging in age from Paleozoic clastics in the Cyrenaica Stable Platform to Mesozoic and Tertiary carbonates throughout the rest of the region. Several deep sites for the generation of hydrocarbons were also present, including the rifted northern parts of the Dernah-Tobruk basin, the Antelat Trough and the Cyrenaica Passive Margin. The Cretaceous and Tertiary section in the study area contain several potential seal rocks. Several potential trap types are also present.

. The concentration of Ba2+ in DSB Ca-chloride brines is mostly lesser than that in the DSB Lake, ruling out sediment layers in the DSB Lake were shaken and re- suspended into the overlying brine. The larger, faster crystallites on their surfaces from the surrounding brine before reaching the bottom. The lag of Ba trapping

Toxic trace metals have been implicated as a potential cause of recent flamingo kills at Lake Nakuru, Kenya. Chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) have accumulated in the lake sediments as a result of unregulated discharges and because this alkaline lake has no natural outlet. Lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor) at Lake Nakuru feed predominantly on the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis, and because of their filter-feeding mechanism, they are susceptible to exposure to particle-bound metals. Trace metal adsorption isotherms to lake sediments and S. platensis were obtained under simulated lake conditions, and a mathematical model was developed to predict metal exposure via filter feeding based on predicted trace metal phase distribution. Metal adsorption to suspended solids followed the trend Pb {much_gt} Zn > Cr > Cu, and isotherms were linear up to 60 {micro}g/L. Adsorption to S. platensis cells followed the trend Pb {much_gt} Zn > Cu > Cr and fit Langmuir isotherms for Cr, Cu and Zn and a linear isotherm for Pb. Predicted phase distributions indicated that Cr and Pb in Lake Nakuru are predominantly associated with suspended solids, whereas Cu and Zn are distributed more evenly between the dissolved phase and particulate phases of both S. platensis and suspended solids. Based on established flamingo feeding rates and particle size selection, predicted Cr and Pb exposure occurs predominantly through ingestion of suspended solids, whereas Cu and Zn exposure occurs through ingestion of both suspended solids and S. platensis. For the lake conditions at the time of sampling, predicted ingestion rates based on measured metal concentrations in lake suspended solids were 0.71, 6.2, 0.81, and 13 mg/kg-d for Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn, respectively.

the zigzags. Similar patterns are observed in analog wax experiments in which molten wax acts as cooling and solidifying lava. We perform a series of these wax experiments to find the relationship between , A of spreading and solidification speeds; the amplitude A is limited by the thickness of the solid wax crust

and Mineral Resources of the World Ocean (VNIIOkeangeologia), 1 Angliysky Avenue, St Petersburg 190121, Russia. INTRODUCTION Understanding the Cenozoic tectonic history of Antarc- tica is crucial for global plate circuit and the plates surrounding the Atlantic and Indian Oceans is required to construct correct global relative

penetration in the upper ocean, and can be related to phy- toplankton abundance. Along with measure- ments biomass is a crucial measure of the health of ocean ecosystems. An impressive synthesis of the relevant of the upper-ocean concentration of chlorophyll, which is found in all phytoplank- ton, Secchi-disk depths

(XRF) spectrometry and trace element concentrations obtained from standard solution ICPMS. Together with isotopic analysis, possible source areas for magmatic rocks in the central Lhasa terrane are discussed in a spatiotemporal framework. Comparison... rock was sent to the GeoAnalytical Lab at Washington State University (WSU) for further processing. Major elements were measured by X-ray fluorescence technique (XRF) on a ThermoARL AdvantXP+ automated sequential wavelength spectrometer and trace...

southern New York across New Jersey and into southeastern Pennsylvania (Fig. 1). The Newark Basin is one and rounded breccias, reflecting deflated, salt-encrusted mudflats. 2. Cycles similar to the previous mudflats. 3. Cycles with mudcracked thin beds grading to brecciated mudstone, then vesicular fabric

). Antibody prevalence was utilized to estimate the mammalian vertebrate infection rate. The prevalence of antibodies against RVFV was estimated based on two studies that selected representative groups of sheep, goats, and cattle and screened for IgG and Ig...M antibodies after an epidemic and during the enzootic period allowing the calculation of low and high prevalence rates. The rate of RVFV exposure in mammalian populations was estimated by dividing the number of mammals with IgG and IgM antibodies...

Andreas strike-slip fault system in California to the oceanic spreading system of the East Pacific Rise and surround- ing regions is complex and poorly understood due to a lack of geological and geophysical data research community, the data collected from the stations will be made available immediately following

within fault zones has important implications for the modeling of groundwater flow in sedimentary aquifer; Groundwater flow; Unconsolidated sediments; The Netherlands 1. Introduction Numerous studies carried out, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands Abstract The impact of faults on the groundwater flow system

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualProperty Edit withTianlinPapersWindeySanta2004) | Open

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualPropertyd8c-a9ae-f8521cbb8489 No revision hasda62829c05bGabbsInformationEnergy2002)

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualPropertyd8c-a9ae-f8521cbb8489 No revision hasda62829c05bGabbsInformationEnergy2002)Area

AFDC Printable Version Share this resource Send a link to EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page to someone by E-mail Share EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Facebook Tweet about EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page on Twitter Bookmark EERE: Alternative Fuels Data Center Home Page onYou are now leaving Energy.gov You are now leaving Energy.gov You are being directedAnnualPropertyd8c-a9ae-f8521cbb8489 No revision| Open Energy Information At1986) | Open Energy

#12;The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) is dedicated to saving wildlife and wildlands to assure president, William Hornaday initiated a program to save the white rhinos of South Africa. Since this time it also faces the extreme challenges of poverty, high human population growth, and rapidly changing

for 2017 The region's most recent official resource 6th Northwest Power Plan in 2010. That assessment Adequacy for 2017 resource adequacy assessment was published in the Council's That assessment concluded Committee Members FROM: John Fazio, Senior Systems Analyst SUBJECT: Progress Report on Resource Adequacy

center energy efficiency and demand . With effective power price signals, networks of custom data centers class. on data center energy efficiency and demand ata centers present because they can shift the timing and not changed efficiency improvements in the data center operations are not region accelerates, the load

, implementing Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs) in urban settings is currently being assessed. Initially, the placement of a wind turbine on top of buildings may seem less than ideal considering the complex flow are typical deterrents to operating wind turbines. However, with the aerodynamic performance advantages

in the hidden layer, which can also be called as wavenet [4]. Ac- cording to literature, different models. Pourtaghi et al. [7] performed a thorough assessment on wavenet ability in comparison to Corresponding

Gas Week quarterly analysts report Idaho Power IRP Poll of NGAC members SNL (Short-term market the low levels set in 2012, and recently, the forward market for natural gas prices have increased, due is updated. Methodology: The Council develops the range of natural gas and oil price forecasts with input

and demand. Unlike the natural gas price forecast, the oil and coal forecasts have little effect regulation to limit carbon emissions, which would promote natural gas generation over coal; increased use to develop the Council's Seventh Power Plan for 2015 to 2035. The natural gas price forecast is the most

A question was raised regarding generating resources assumed in the Sixth Power Plan versus the power plants TO: Power Committee FROM: Ken Dragoon SUBJECT: Generation Data Update and Database Improvements that have subsequently been built or are under will review that current status of the generating database

that deal with weatherization in commercial buildings such as schools, subcommittee members have identified on building construction, energy design guides, schools audits, and the Commercial Building Stock Assessment to build from are DOE's Commercial Reference Building Models for Primary Schools. Contractor should utilize

, architects, installers and service providers to get efficiency measures installed in buildings and facilities the combined efforts of engineers, architects, installers and service measures installed in buildings Konicke, Business PECI. They are eager #12;2 These companies focus on customers in the commercial

, as well the quest for oil in has created a glut of natural gas that is likely to last for natural gas affect the plan or the region. Last August, Council updated its long-term outlook for natural gas in expectations about future natural gas supplies, and developments in shale gas. since Council's update from last

of Hurricane Andrew, I can still remember being huddled in the bathroom of my parent's home and hearing of Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and the heavy damage caused by 2005's Katrina and Wilma, most residents of South. And at the beginning of the season, stock up on canned goods and water that will last you through the hurricane prone

A trend of Wolfcampian-Leonardian carbonate buildups is located in the southwestern Midland Basin, Upton County, Texas. The buildup trend is located east of the eastern faulted margin of the Central Basin Platform and north of the Ozona Arch...

with leaf symptoms. Figure 7. Ripe fruit shriveling at harvest due to lack of water. Figure 8. Blueberry bushes burned up by lack of water and drought stress. Green foliage is visible on the bushes in the lower are not irrigated and rely on rain water to meet their needs. All plants need water to survive. Plants take in water

not been as capacity-constrained as other regions that rely on a larger proportion of thermal generating TO: Power Committee Members FROM: Charlie Black, Power Planning Division Director SUBJECT: Roundtable needs. This emphasis was driven by the fact that capacity and thus has not been as capacity proportion

-time, power, area, etc.), CR for embedded systems have to be small, fast and energy efficient. Using existing Parameswaran1 1 University of New South Wales, Australia {tuol,sridevan}@cse.unsw.edu.au 2 University, Australia #12;Abstract Checkpoint and Recovery (CR) allows computer systems to operate correctly even when

Energy Board, sponsored a high-level, westwide benefit/cost study of the proposal, which WECC Board an overview of the proposed Energy Imbalance Market (EIM) and will review the conclusions of the benefit/cost through the Western Interstate Energy Board, has benefit/cost study of the proposal, which was presented

to become Apprentice Instructors. Please see the Aquatics and Safety Coordinator to learn more about the petition process. Lifeguards who are Apprentice Instructors can assist in teaching swimming lessons and safety courses; such as, CPR and First Aid. Some Apprentice Instructors may be given their own swimming

Plasma oxidation was used to obtain radiocarbon dates on six different materials from a naturally mummified baby bundle from the Lower Pecos River region of southwest Texas. This bundle was selected because it was thought to represent a single event and would illustrate the accuracy and precision of the plasma oxidation method. Five of the materials were clearly components of the original bundle with 13 dates combined to yield a weighted average of 2135 {+-} 11 B.P. Six dates from a wooden stick of Desert Ash averaged 939 {+-} 14 B.P., indicating that this artifact was not part of the original burial. Plasma oxidation is shown to be a virtually non-destructive alternative to combustion. Because only sub-milligram amounts of material are removed from an artifact over its exposed surface, no visible change in fragile materials has been observed, even under magnification. The method is best applied when natural organic contamination is unlikely and serious consideration of this issue is needed in all cases. If organic contamination is present, it will have to be removed before plasma oxidation to obtain accurate radiocarbon dates.

, 92190 Meudon, France 2 Astronomiska Observatoriet, Box 515, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden ABSTRACT Context. CO as well as an extended source. Aims. We have sought to further investigate the nature of the CO production that for the global coma character, an extremely low gas temperature in the inner coma reproduces the observed radial

for the Future Role of the Bonneville Power Administration in Power Supply Dear Mr. Walker, The Citizens' Utility-227-1984 Fax 503-274-2956 April 22, 2004 Mark Walker Director of Public Affairs Northwest Power & Conservation Board of Oregon thanks the members and staff of the Northwest Power and Conservation Council

contractor, Ecofys, have testing the use of electric water heaters, space heaters and refrigerated warehouses project testing the use of electric water heaters, space heaters and refrigerated warehouses to provide

of Taidong begins with the journey... Day 1 07:00~ Departure from National Army Guest House/Chung Cheng hotel .... 15:30~17:30 Guanshan Water Ecological Park & Bikeway Guanshan Water Park is mainly divided into three. It is a place integrated with environment and ecological education, bringing water close to the visitors

inversion Seismic interpretation Bay of Biscay Western Pyrenees The Parentis and Arzacq­Mauléon basins observations and the interpretation of seismic data. We compare these results with those obtained from two, based on seismic data and gravimetric inversion methods, a decrease in extension from west to east

with nonunique rock-cooling paths and uncertainties in geothermal gradients. This further affects estimates-to-scarp denudation depth of ~1.75 km and a geothermal gradient of ~33 Â°CÂ·kmÂ­1 provide the best fits, 2004), but cooling histories are indexed on a thermal reference frame within the Earth's crust

236 values of the nearest SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission; Farr and237 Kobrick [2000]) data points. To test the accuracy of our measurements we can238 then compare our elevation values elsewhere on the profiles with the sparser239 SRTM data... prior to the period for383 which historical records have been analysed in detail (creep in generating the observed offsets...

The Nam Con Son (NCS) Basin, located offshore of SE Vietnam, is one of several Tertiary rift basins that formed during initial Eocene(?)-Oligocene rifting. Following cessation of rifting at the end of Oligocene time, these basins were subjected...

and ethylene. Another reaction is dehydration between two molecules of ethanol. Dehydrogenation from ethylene of transition metal cluster ions (Co) with ethylene and ethanol was investigated by using the FT-ICR mass is strongly occurred and two or three molecules of ethylene can't adsorb without dehydration. This experiment

: There will be 6 quizzes of 10 minutes (no bonus time!). Each quiz will be worth 5 points. Thus all the quizzes, at the end of the year there will be a flat exams bonus percentage to all students (the bonus in the range, there could be an addi- tional flat quizzes bonus percentage to all students of the section (the bonus

PiCPoT's structure is resumed as follows: · 5 solar panels; · 6 batteries; · a power management sub-system to make battery re- charge and convert batteries voltage into a set of voltages suitable for electronic devices; · an house-keeping sub-system to get and manage sensors; · a transceiver sub

PII S0016-7037(00)00369-0 Ra isotopes and Rn in brines and ground waters of the Jordan-Dead Sea Valley waters being mixtures of fresh water with saline brines. Ra is efficiently extracted from surrounding rocks into the brine end member. 228 Ra/226 Ra ratios are exceptionally low 0.07 to 0.9, mostly

Spirochaeta africana Zhilina et al. 1996 is an anaerobic, aerotolerant, spiral-shaped bacte- rium that is motile via periplasmic flagella. The type strain of the species, Z-7692T, was iso- lated in 1993 or earlier from a bacterial bloom in the brine under the trona layer in a shallow lagoon of the alkaline equatorial Lake Magadi in Kenya. Here we describe the features of this organism, together with the complete genome sequence, and annotation. Considering the pending reclassification of S. caldaria to the genus Treponema, S. africana is only the second 'true' member of the genus Spirochaeta with a genome-sequenced type strain to be pub- lished. The 3,285,855 bp long genome of strain Z-7692T with its 2,817 protein-coding and 57 RNA genes is a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project.

The Afar region of Ethiopia is slowly being torn apart by the Red Sea, Gulf of Aden and Main Ethiopian rifts which all meet at this remote, barren corner of Africa. Prior to rifting, volcanism probably started here some ...

To Collaborative LIfe Sciences Building To Professional Development Center Collaborative Life Sciences Building SW MEADE SW PORTER SW M OODY I-5 To Main Campus To South Waterfront I-405 Collaborative Life Sciences Building 0650 SW Meade St. Academic & Student Recreation Center (ASRC) C8 Art Building

). Conversely, a recent interpretation of new seismic images from the Colorado Plateau/Rio Grande Rift Seismic considered. A healthy amount of debate also exists with the interpretation of upper mantle structure in the Rio Grande Rift region. A reanalysis of seismic tomography data for continental rift regions

with the monitoring of the well field as required by the ground water permit for hatchery operations. Part of the terms and conditions of the Amended Temporary Permit for the Cle Elum Hatchery Water Permit were

also looked into the ongoing takings permitting process that the states of Idaho, Oregon and Washington-listed salmon, eligible entities (i.e., states and tribes) may apply for a permit for the lethal taking of sea lions in the Columbia River and its tributaries. Â· The Secretary must approve or deny the permit

in developing a resource plan for the region is to understand how its largest resource, namely the hydroelectric effects to reservoir elevations, refill probabilities, river flows, hydroelectric generation and cost change and related carbon policies, loss of hydroelectric flexibility due to wind integration

and stream segments that the Council recommends be protected from hydroelectric development, concluding the Council first designated protected areas in 1988, FERC has not licensed a new hydroelectric project or provide transmission support for a new hydroelectric development in a manner inconsistent with the Council

businessFamilyFamily owned businessowned business 70+ years in cold storage industry70+ years in cold storage industry 3 i3 i3 generations3 generations 1010thth largest in U.S. and 13largest in U.S. and 13., will brief the Council on energy efficiency improvements implemented in their industrial facilities. Columbia

group is composed of seven individuals who are experienced with resource planning models and who series of meetings involved 1½ hour briefings by each vendor to an ad hoc advisory group. The advisory represent a diverse range of stakeholders. Following the meetings, members of the advisory group provided

½ hour briefings by each vendor to an ad hoc advisory group. The advisory group is composed of seven of stakeholders. Following the meetings, members of the advisory group provided written responses to five the staff session and the advisory group session. Additional clarification questions were identified

the Loss-of-Load Expectation (LOLE) work group to develop its planning standards. Unfortunately, NERC funding wasn't sufficient to sustain the work group and so, in 2012, the work group was subsumed an acceptable threshold for such a metric. Summaries, to date, show that seven of the eight NERC sub

. For comparison purposes, the 5th Plan identified over 4700 average megawatts of technically achievable regionalMWaAcheivable Agriculture Utility System Industrial Commercial Residential 1 Approximately 2600 MWa of the 4700 MWa of the standards imposed by EISA is its requirement that "general service lighting" (e.g., 40 - 100 watt lamps

-level indicators workshop, Whiting added. Melinda Eden reported that the Power Committee discussed a variety covered with mussels and said "It's a nightmare." Mussels are in direct competition with our fisheries

space and water heating to ­ or from ­ the direct use of natural gas. The Council's position to date has, and natural gas prices. Due to the priorities of the Sixth Power Plan, analysis using the new conversion data% EFF HPWH 200% EFF GAS PIPE & DISTRIB 99% EFF COMBUSTION TURBINE 48% EFF GAS PIPE & DISTRIB 99+% EFF 57

, Senior Systems Analyst SUBJECT: Council decision to release the 2017 Resource Adequacy Assessment The Council was briefed on the Resource Adequacy Forum's assessment of the power supply adequacy for 2017 supply in 2015 was on the cusp of becoming inadequate. Since that assessment, resource and load data have

Power Systems Analyst SUBJECT: Council Decision to Release the 2019 Resource Adequacy Assessment for 2017. The current resource adequacy assessment shows a 6 percent LOLP for 2019. In 2021, after resources through 2024 to be about 1,800 megawatts. #12;Resource Adequacy Final Assessment for 2019 Council

Assessment Resource Planning Â§ Adequacy Assessment = early warning should resource development fall short power supply Â§ Adequacy assessment is a part of resource planning 5 Treatment of Market Supply Adequacy, Senior Power System Analyst SUBJECT: Assumptions used for Adequacy Assessments In December of 2011

on resource assumptions used to make the adequacy assessment Â· An accounting of changes to IPP status over-by-side comparison of this year's assessment to last year's assessment Â· An accounting of changes in resources and loads since last year's assessment - changes to resource assumptions will be provided by Jeff King

, senior system analyst SUBJECT: Resource Adequacy Assessment for 2011 and 2013 Summary: The Northwest-2) ra assessment cm.doc #12;Pacific Northwest Resource Adequacy Assessment for 2011 and 2013 Power is unlikely to face a blackout over the next five years, according to the latest assessment from the Council

, Senior Systems Analyst SUBJECT: 2017 Resource Adequacy Assessment On October 26th , the Resource Adequacy Forum's steering committee will review the final resource adequacy assessment for 2017. Since that assessment, resource and load data have been updated. The most significant change has been

Resource Analyst SUBJECT: Treatment of Non-hydro and IPP resources for the resource adequacy assessment for the assessment of resource adequacy. Staff will provide additional information regarding the treatment of these resources for the resource adequacy assessment at the July Power Committee meeting in Kalispell

energy sales = all revenues, and MWh forecast is correct And for OTEC for 2011 Power Sales at a percent.27 times price of power #12;The 2011 OTEC cost of power was $19,832,000 A 3% loss in power sales would

it has an energy contribution of approximately 32 percent of its installed capacity, is assumed to contribute only five percent of its installed capacity to meeting peak loads. The demand response resources included the following: · How are we addressing capacity and flexibility in the plan? · How do levelized

a review of how regional generating resource installed capacity and energy availability have changed over the same time period. Since 1995, about 16,600 megawatts of new installed capacity has been added from natural gas-fired generators. During the same period, about 870 megawatts of installed capacity

wholesale power market prices. These forecasts provide current projections of the long-term trend of future wholesale electricity prices. Uncertainty regarding the future trend of wholesale power prices is a source of risk for resource development in the Northwest. Staff will input the long-term wholesale power market

wholesale power price forecast paper, which will supersede the price forecast of the Fifth Power Plan of the Interim Wholesale Power Price Forecast paper, to supersede the Final Wholesale Power Price Forecast found

under Section 111(d) of the federal Clean Air Act. EPA proposes to make the new rule final in June 2015 Plan energy efficiency goals. #12;EPA's Clean Air Act Section 111d Proposed Rule ­ State Reduction Goals As part of its proposed rule under section 111d of the Clean Air Act, the Environmental Protection

the effect of reducing wood smoke pollution. Background To date, the Council has not included health benefits (EPA) to estimate health impacts from air emissions. Abt Associates is a consulting firm which

of nuclear power plants include low lifecycle emissions of criteria air pollutants and carbon dioxide (no production of carbon dioxide · No direct production of criteria air emissions (SOx, NOx, etc.)* · Strictly

of criteria air pollutants and carbon dioxide, short construction lead time, high modularity, no fuel price and siting issues · No production of carbon dioxide or criteria air pollutants (SOx, NOx, etc.) during

of complying with regulations on air and water pollution control, disposal of waste products, fuel extraction costs o new regulations? e.g., Mercury and Air Toxics Standard Residual effects? residual effects after

measures also resulted in lower emissions of air pollutants. Some of the emissions associated with wood weatherization, ductless and air-source heat pumps and duct sealing. The RTF analysis to date has revealed impacts. Under the Clean Air Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established limits

production of carbon dioxide or criteria air pollutants (SOx, NOx, etc.) · Power tower and parabolic, having been brought into service in 2007. CSP attributes include low lifecycle emissions of criteria air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CSP plants are often provided with natural gas backup), short construction

Transformation Non-Utility Program Implementer Economist Non-Utility Program Implementer Technology Assessment Senior Counsel SUBJECT: Renewal of charters for the Conservation Resources Advisory Committee, Generating Staff is requesting authorization to renew the following charters which have expired or are about

-Utility Program Implementer Economist Non-Utility Program Implementer Technology Assessment Non-Utility Program Senior Counsel SUBJECT: Renewal of charters for the Conservation Resources Advisory Committee, Generating Staff will ask the Council to authorize the renewal of the following charters which have expired

-disciplinary approach and offers fresh perspectives, while preserving an institutional knowledge of independent scientific review and fish and wildlife management in the Columbia River Basin. #12;2 BACKGROUND is an expert in population ecology, and his research has focused on the ecology and management of streams

and tribes to conduct one more quality control check on this information. Now that this check has been. The maps depict the total number of each species by run, as released in calendar year 2012. The releases

AND DISCOUNT RATE FOR THE SIXTH POWER PLAN When Albert Einstein died, he met three people in the queue outside. Eden Oregon Joan M. Dukes Oregon April 3, 2008 MEMORANDUM TO: Power Committee FROM: Wally Gibson SUBJECT: Paper on Financial Assumptions for the Sixth Power Plan There will be a presentation

-hour peak loads for the next 20 years. Using the long-term model, under normal weather conditions, in 2010. Between 2008 and 2009, regional sales of electricity, adjusted for weather conditions, declined 4 percent and the winter peak load is forecast to be in the 30,000-43,000 MW range. #12;Review of 2009 Electricity

The Bey?ehir-Hoyran-Hadim Nappes crop out over 700km, from east to west in the Pisidian and Central Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey. During this study, field obsevations of lithological, structural and sedimentological features are combined...

significantly, due to the impact of weather on peak loads. In 2009, annual energy in the region declined annual load declined significantly in 2009. However, the regional winter and summer peaks grew the power outlook for 2010-2015. During the next six years, the non-DSI loads with normal weather conditions

), will introduce the concept of annual firm wind energy and describe initial studies indicating that the annual an update on the status of wind generating projects in the region and the outlook for future development's average annual generation ­ 13% of region's total installed generating capacity ­ 50% of total installed

: Council's strategy for the smart grid We've discussed the treatment of "Smart Grid" technologies is to conduct pilot projects to gain experience with smart grid technologies in the Pacific Northwest. A good example of such a project is the "Regional Smart Grid Test Bed Project" that Bonneville has proposed

SUBJECT: Smart Grid Update on Specific Projects The Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project has helped to highlight some significant challenges that may be encountered in deploying Smart Grid on November 5, 2013. This update on the Smart Grid Demonstration Project will focus on the challenges

SUBJECT: Presentation by Smart Grid Oregon Action items in the Council's Sixth Power Plan require and its operations. These changes often go under the name of "smart grid". One organization working to promote changes to the electricity grid is Smart Grid Oregon. Three members of the Smart Grid Oregon board

choices available for the plan. It provides a more consistent source of power than wind, in which most Resources Contact Us Updates January 2008 - Construction is complete and the Unit One power plant is now - The construction activities on Raft River Unit One power plant are nearly completed. During a testing phase