ANNAPOLIS- The weeks before Christmas tend to be the most active for oyster poachers, but the Maryland Department of Natural Resources and State Police hope new technology and harsher penalties will help crack down on illegal oyster harvesting in the Chesapeake Bay.

Oyster poaching has also become a large problem over the years, because it undermines attempts at restoring oyster populations. Mostly due to overharvesting and disease, “currently less than 1 percent of historic levels of oysters exist in the bay,” Sarah Widman, a Department of Natural Resources Fishery spokeswoman said. Poaching also compromises researchers’ ability to gather data. “It’s very frustrating from a scientific perspective,” said Don Meritt, director of the Horn Point Laboratory.

According to Maryland Natural Resources Police spokeswoman Candy Thomson, this year’s established season for legal oyster harvesting runs from Oct. 1 to the end of March.

Poaching tends to peak around Thanksgiving and Christmas, when demand for oysters goes up, increasing temptation to poach.

“Things were awfully quiet at Thanksgiving, but if its going to happen, it will at Christmas,” Thomson said.

Although hard to control, poaching is best managed through electronic surveillance. Poaching incidents have increased over the last decade because “punishment is not uniform or severe enough to really act as a deterrent,” Meritt said.

But this year, new technological developments, and the implementation of Gov. Martin O’Malley’s 10-point Oyster Restoration Plan in 2010, have contributed to a crackdown on poaching.

The implementation of the Maritime Law Enforcement Information Network now provides the Natural Resources Police with laptops and radar that work 24/7 to monitor commercial fishing practices. The network is crucial in allowing police to cover vast areas of the bay, Thomson said.

The network has two advantages over old poaching prevention methods: unlike traditional trackers, it works at night, and records everything it sees, creating evidence for legal prosecutions. This year police have also begun utilizing a helicopter equipped with a nose camera that can zoom in on poachers from distances of 8 to 10 miles away, even at night, Thomson said.

“In the not so distant past it wasn’t unusual for someone to be a multiple offender,” Thomson said. Since lawmakers have increased penalties, however, the risk of illegal harvesting is no longer just a fine. Now, poachers face immediate and permanent loss of their oyster harvesting licenses.

Between Oct. 1 and Dec. 12, 86 citations and 181 warnings had been handed out this season, according to Maryland Natural Resources Police Capt. Quincy Shockley.

In 2008, the police gave out 241 violations — including both citations and warnings — for all categories. The total violation number increased to 269 in 2009, dropped to 168 in 2010, and increased back to 238 in 2011. There was a spike in violations in 2012, when 297 violations were handed out.

According to Maryland Natural Resources Police records, most violations come from the harvest and possession of undersized oysters.

It’s hard to predict how this season will compare to past years, since the radar network is providing police with information they never had before. The system will either show that there’s more poaching than ever thought before, or it will prove to be a major deterrent if poachers decide it’s not worth the risk anymore, Thomson said.

“A lot of pieces of falling into place this year [creating] a much more efficient operation,” Thomson said.

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About the Author

Sarah Polus is a senior in the University of Maryland Philip Merrill College of Journalism. She has worked for various local and national publications, most recently as an intern for USA TODAY text and for the Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center text in College Park, Md. Sarah spent the spring term of her junior year attending the University of Auckland, in New Zealand. She also spent her first summer of university in Salzburg, Austria, where she participated in an international journalism and media program through the Salzburg Global Seminar text.
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