Copy of opthalmic disorders

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ophthalmic disordersmy friend was boiling a test tube that effervesced on my face and a drop got into my eyes, what do I have to do? What are the precautions to follow if a piece of glass or wood got into your eye?What are the eye drops that should be keep in the fridge?How to apply eye drops without contaminating it and for how long could it be used after opening?The proper method of applying more than one eye drops?What are the other types of eye trauma? What are its symptoms? And what would be the possible management?I feel a burning sensation in my eye and my eyelids are swollen with some fine scales on it, my friend is a doctor she told me it might be an inflammation in the eyelids, is that true and what are the causes?I recently got on an antihypertensive therapy but it leaves my eyes dry, is there any possible treatment? Are there other causes for eye dryness? I feel something in my eye and there is a pus discharge:• Explain various infective ophthalmic disorders?A patient steps to your pharmacy asking for Prisoline® eye drops and Marcofen ®, a combination he has lately tried to relief similar symptoms, you notice some fat like white spots on his iris? A 63 years old suffers from a high intraocular pressure in his eyes, is that a condition of glaucoma or cataract? What is the difference, possible symptoms and treatment? Enumerate the ophthalmic symptoms calling for medical referral, Explain possible eye disorder underlying these symptomsThank youTypes of Eye trauma:Blunt Eye Trauma: (black eye)

Symptoms:Bruising (black eyes), SwellingBlurred or cloudy vision. Eye rednessBleeding between the cornea and iris, known as (hyphema)Management:Foreign Body:

(caution for patients with asthma and rhinitis)Ketorlac tromethamine:samulgin-acularDiclofenac sodium: voltarenAre there any prophylactic measures to minimize the recurrence of this case?Avoiding contact with infected peopledisinfection of household surfaces good hygienic practices can help prevent the spread of infectious pink eye. avoid the irritants like dust and contact eye lenses.

Keratitis!!!Symptoms :1.Painful inflammation2.reduced visual clarity & sensitivity to light3.clouding of the cornea with small white spot on the cornea.4.corneal scarring.5.tearing6.pus or thick discharge7.feeling that something is in the eye

Uveitis!!!!The inflammation of uvea(Uvea the middle layer of the eye)It is classified anatomically into :anterior posterior panuveitic forms.Symptoms:Red eyePain and decreased visionDilated ciliary vesselsKeratic oreciptates on the posterior surface of the cornea

N.B.All these drugs are contraindicated in case of fungal or viral eye infection , herpes simplex keratitisUveitis may be a normal immune response to fight an infection inside the eye possible infections include : brucellosis, herpes simplex,herpes zoster, lyme disease,toxoplasmosis.What are the eye drops that should be keep in the fridge?There is an inflammation in my eyes but I do not know the reason, Can I use an ophthalmic corticosteroid without a doctor's prescription?

What are the important precautions for their use?

If it is a bacterial infection, is there any combination of a corticosteroid and antibacterial?1 – allergic conjunctivitis Thiomersal2- giant papillary conjunctivitis. It's an allergic condition Topical mast cell stabilizer .

DexamethasoneAntibiotic-Corticosteroids combination (POM)Patient who came to buy ventolin® and Seretide® inhalers for his asthma as well as Norvasc® tablets (amlodipine) for his blood pressure . He also came for his prescription of timolol eye drops for glaucoma.

Although systemic effects are extremely uncommon, there have been rare occurrences of systemic hypercorticoidism after use of topical steroids.Prednisolone + Neomycin + Polymyxin BDexamethasone + Tobramycin A patient came to ask for advise because he has a stye in his eye lid .

What is a stye? What is the management?

A stye (i.e., hordeolum) is a localized infection or inflammation of the eyelid .

It may start off as a small red lump but, as it develops into a collection of pus (a little abscess), it looks like a yellow pus-filled spot.

Internal Stye ( more painful ) The swelling develops inside the eyelid (Meibomian glands){ suppurate on the conjunctival surface of eyelid }External Stye ( most common ) Emerges along the edge of the eyelid due to infection in the follicle of an eyelash (The glands of Zeis ) { Purulent material exudes from the eyelash line }Symptoms ..A stye is a red, hot, very tender swollen bump near the edge of the eyelid usually is painful, erythematous, and localized

A small pimple develops in the affected area.

Usually this is accompanied by Swollen eyes (surrounding area or the entire eyelid)

Causes ..A sty results from an infection of the oil glands of the eyelid that help to lubricate the eyeball.

A sty also may arise from an infected hair follicle at the base of an eyelash

The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for 90%-95% of cases

Chronic , non-infectious painless granuloma of the meibomian glands.Mimics a stye for the first few days , then turns into a painless hard, round bump later on.Management ..Spontaneous healing is common (7 - 10 days )