Introduction to AutoCAD 2009 2D and 3D Design- P8

Introduction to AutoCAD 2009 2D and 3D Design- P8: The purpose of writing this book is to produce a text suitable for
students in Further and/or Higher Education who are required to learn
how to use the CAD software package AutoCAD 2009. Students
taking examinations based on computer-aided design will fi nd the
contents of the book of great assistance.

Nội dung Text: Introduction to AutoCAD 2009 2D and 3D Design- P8

338 Introduction to AutoCad 2009
3. The two-view projection (Fig. 17.37) shows a ducting pipe. Construct a 3D model drawing of the pipe.
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Place in a SW Isometric view; add lighting to the scene and a material to the model; and render.
Fig. 17.37 Exercise 3 – details of shapes and sizes
4. A point marking device is shown in two two-view projections (Fig. 17.38). The device is composed
of three parts – a base, an arm and a pin. Construct a 3D model of the assembled device and add
Fig. 17.38 Exercise 4 – details of shapes and sizes
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Three-dimensional space 339
appropriate materials to each part. Then add lighting to the scene and render in an SW Isometric view
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(Fig. 17.39).
Fig. 17.39 Exercise 4 – a rendering
5. A rendering of a 3D model drawing of the connecting device shown in the orthographic projection
shown in Fig. 17.41 is given in Fig. 17.40. Construct the 3D model drawing of the device and add a
suitable lighting to the scene. Then place in the ViewCube/Isometric view, add a material to the model
and render.
Fig. 17.40 Exercise 5 – a rendering
Fig. 17.41 Exercise 5 – two-view drawing
6. A fork connector and its rod are shown in a two-view projection in Fig. 17.42. Construct a 3D model
drawing of the connector with its rod in position. Then add lighting to the scene, place in the ViewCube/
Isometric viewing position, add materials to the model and render.
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340
CHAPTER 17 Introduction to AutoCad 2009
Fig. 17.42 Exercise 6
7. An orthographic projection of the parts of a lathe steady are given in Fig. 17.43. From the dimensions
shown in the drawing, construct an assembled 3D model of the lathe steady. When the 3D model has
been completed, add suitable lighting and materials and render the model (Fig. 17.44).
Fig. 17.43 Exercise 7 – details
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Three-dimensional space 341
CHAPTER 17
Fig. 17.44 Exercise 7 – a rendering
8. Construct suitable polylines to sizes of your own discretion in order to form the two surfaces to form the
box shape shown in Fig. 17.45 with the aid of the Rulesurf tool. Add lighting and a material and render
the surfaces so formed. Construct another three Edgesurf surfaces to form a lid for the box. Place the
surface in a position above the box, add a material and render (Fig. 17.46).
Fig. 17.45 Exercise 8 – the box Fig. 17.46 Exercise 8 – the box and its lid
9. Figure 17.47 shows a polyline for each of the 4 objects from which the surface shown in Fig. 17.48 was
obtained. Construct the surface and shade with Realistic shading.
Fig. 17.47 Exercise 9 – one of the solutions from which the surface was obtained
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342
CHAPTER 17 Introduction to AutoCad 2009
Fig. 17.48 Exercise 9
Fig. 17.49 Exercise 10
Fig. 17.50 The three surfaces
10. The surface model for this exercise was constructed from 3 Edgesurf surfaces working to the suggested
objects for the surface as shown in Fig. 17.51. The sizes of the outlines of the objects in each case are
Fig. 17.51 Outlines of the three surfaces
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Three-dimensional space 343
left to your discretion. Figure 17.49 shows the completed surface model. Figure 17.50 shows the three
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surfaces of the model separated from each other.
11. Figure 17.52 shows in a View Block/Isometric view a semicircle of radius 25 constructed in the View
Cube/Top view on a layer of colour Magenta with a semicircle of radius 75 constructed on the View
Block/Front view with its left-hand end centred on the semicircle. Figure 17.53 shows a surface
constructed from the two semicircles in a Visual Styles/Realistic mode.
Fig. 17.53 Exercise 11
Fig. 17.52 Exercise 11 – the circle and semicircle
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Chapter 18
Editing 3D solid
models
AIMS OF THIS CHAPTER
The aims of this chapter are:
1. to introduce the use of tools from the Solid Editing panel;
2. to show examples of a variety of 3D solid models.
345
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346 Introduction to AutoCad 2009
The Solid Editing tools
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The Solid Editing tools can be called from the Home/Solid Editing panel
(Fig. 18.1) or from the Solid Editing toolbar (Fig. 18.2).
Examples of the results of using some of the Solid Editing tools are shown
in this chapter. These tools are of value if the design of a 3D solid model
needs to be changed (edited), although some are useful for constructing
Fig. 18.1 The Home/Solid parts of 3D solids which cannot easily be constructed using other tools.
Editing panel
Fig. 18.2 The Solid Editing toolbar
First example – Extrude faces tool (Fig. 18.5)
1. Set ISOLINES to 24.
2. In the ViewCube/Right construct a cylinder of radius 30 and height 30
(Fig. 18.3).
3. In the ViewCube/Front construct the pline shown in Fig. 18.3. Mirror
the pline to the other end of the cylinder.
Fig. 18.3 First example – Extrude faces tool – ﬁrst stages
4. In the ViewCube/Top move the pline to lie central to the cylinder.
5. Place the screen in the ViewCube/Isometric.
6. Click the Extrude faces tool icon in the Home/Solid Editing panel
(Fig. 18.4). The command line shows:
Command: _solidedit
Solids editing automatic checking: SOLIDCHECK 1
Enter a solids editing option [Face/Edge/Body/
Undo/eXit] eXit : _face
Enter a face editing option
Fig. 18.4 The Extrude
faces tool from the Home/ [Extrude/Move/Rotate/Offset/Taper/Delete/Copy/
Solid Editing panel coLor/mAterial/Undo/eXit] eXit : _extrude
Select faces or [Undo/Remove]: 2 faces found.
Select faces or [Undo/Remove/ALL]: enter r
right-click
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Editing 3D solid models 347
Remove faces or [Undo/Add/ALL]: pick 1 face found,
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1 removed.
Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: enter p
right-click
Select extrusion path: pick the path pline
Solid validation started.
Solid validation completed.
Fig. 18.5 First example – Enter a face editing option [Extrude/Move/Rotate/
Extrude faces tool
Offset/Taper/Delete/Copy/coLor/mAterial/Undo/
eXit] eXit : right-click
Command:
7. Repeat the operation using the view at the other end of the cylinder.
8. Add lights and a material and render the 3D model (Fig. 18.5).
Note
Note the prompt line which includes the statement
SOLIDCHECK 1. If the variable SOLIDCHECK is set on (to 1)
the prompt lines include the lines SOLIDCHECK 1, Solid
validation started and Solid validation completed. If set to 0 these
two lines do not show.
Fig. 18.6 Second example –
Extrude faces tool – pline
for path
Second example – Extrude faces tool (Fig. 18.7)
1. Construct a hexagonal extrusion just 1 unit high in the ViewCube/Top.
2. Change to the ViewCube/Front and construct the curved pline (Fig. 18.6).
3. Back in the Top view, move the pline to lie central to the extrusion.
4. Place in the ViewCube/Isometric and extrude the top face of the
extrusion along the path of the curved pline.
5. Add lighting and a material to the model and render (Fig. 18.7).
Note
This example shows that a face of a 3D solid model can be extruded
along any suitable path curve. If the polygon on which the extrusion had
been based had been turned into a region, no extrusion could have taken
place. The polygon had to be extruded to give a face to a 3D solid.
Fig. 18.7 Second example –
Extrude faces tool
Third example – Move faces tool (Fig. 18.8)
1. Construct the 3D solid drawing shown in the left-hand drawing of Fig. 18.8
from three boxes which have been united using the Union tool.
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352 Introduction to AutoCad 2009
3. Add lights and a material to the edited 3D model and render
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(Fig. 18.14).
Fig. 18.14 Seventh example – Color faces tool
Examples of more 3D models
These 3D models can be constructed in the acadiso3D.dwt screen. The
descriptions of the stages needed to construct these 3D models have been
reduced from those given in earlier pages, in the hope that readers have
already acquired a reasonable skill in the construction of such drawings.
First example (Fig. 18.16)
1. Front view. Construct the three extrusions for the back panel and the
two extruding panels to the details given in Fig. 18.15.
Fig. 18.15 First example – 3D models – details of sizes and shapes
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Editing 3D solid models 353
2. Top view. Move the two panels to the front of the body and union
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the three extrusions. Construct the extrusions for the projecting parts
holding the pin.
3. Front view. Move the two extrusions into position and union them to
the back.
4. Top view. Construct two cylinders for the pin and its head.
5. Top view. Move the head to the pin and union the two cylinders.
6. Front view. Move the pin into its position in the holder. Add lights and
materials.
7. Isometric view. Render. Adjust lighting and materials as necessary
(Fig. 18.16).
Fig. 18.16 First example –
3D models Second example (Fig. 18.18)
1. Top (Fig. 18.17). Construct polyline outlines for the body extrusion
and the solids of revolution for the two end parts. Extrude the body and
subtract its hole and using the Revolve tool form the two end solids of
revolution.
Fig. 18.17 Second example – 3D models dimensions
2. Right. Move the two solids of revolution into their correct positions
relative to the body and union the three parts. Construct a cylinder for
the hole through the model.
3. Front. Move the cylinder to its correct position and subtract from the
model.
4. Top. Add lighting and a material.
5. Isometric. Render (Fig. 18.18).
Third example (Fig. 18.18)
1. Front. Construct the three plines needed for the extrusions of each part
of the model (details, Fig. 18.19). Extrude to the given heights. Subtract
the hole from the 20 high extrusion.
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356 Introduction to AutoCad 2009
Exercises
CHAPTER 18
Methods of constructing answers to the following exercises can be found in the free website:
http://books.elsevier.com/companions/9780750689830
1. Working to the shapes and dimensions as Add suitable lighting and materials, place in
given in the orthographic projection of one of the isometric viewing positions and
Fig. 18.22, construct the exploded 3D model as render the model.
shown in Fig. 18.23. When the model has been
constructed add suitable lighting and apply
materials, followed by rendering.
Fig. 18.24 Exercise 2 – details of shapes and sizes
Fig. 18.22 Exercise 1 – orthographic projection
Fig. 18.25 Exercise 2
Fig. 18.23 Exercise 1 – rendered 3D model
3. Construct the 3D model shown in the
rendering (Fig. 18.26) from the details given in
the parts drawing of Fig. 18.27.
2. Working to the dimensions given in the
orthographic projections of the three parts
of this 3D model (Fig. 18.24), construct the
assembled parts as shown in the rendered 3D
model of Fig. 18.25.
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Editing 3D solid models 357
CHAPTER 18
Fig. 18.26 Exercise 3
4. A more difficult exercise: a rendered 3D model
of the parts of an assembly are shown in
Fig. 18.31. Working to the details given in the Fig. 18.27 Exercise 3 – the parts drawing
three orthographic projections (Figs. 18.28,
18.29 and 18.30), construct the two parts of
the 3D model, place them in suitable positions
relative to each other, add lighting and
materials and render the model.
Fig. 18.28 Exercise 4 – ﬁrst orthographic projection
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