CSS can override. You can set height and width in ems or px or whatever you want.

The text wraps inside the Text Area

default : )

If the text is greater than the size of the Text Area, then a Vertical Scroll Bar will appear

Also default (some browsers always give textareas scrollbars, which are disabled until the user has added enough text to need it on... this is a bit out of your control but meh. Doesn't really matter.)

Textareas, unlike text inputs, are multi-line inputs. They are built by nature to accept newline characters.

but no carriage returns are added to the text when it is INSERTED in MySQL.

However your backend receiving the data could strip those out before feeding to your database. Whatever backend script you've got now processing, validating and transforming the data would be the one to do that. Not on the client side (not with HTML or Javascript)