Aim: The differentiation of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) into hair follicle cells has potential clinical applications for cutaneous burns. However, the mechanisms regulating the differentiation of HFSCs into hair follicular papilla or epidermal cells are currently not clear. This study investigated the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its crosstalk with other signaling components during this differentiation process. Methods: Lithium chloride (LiCl, 10 mmol/L) and keratinocyte growth factor (KGF, 10 µg/L) were used to induce HFSC differentiation, validated by immunofluorescence...

Aim: Reconstruction of the anterior skull base offers an especially complex challenge as the impermeable separation of the dural space and the upper aerodigestive tract must be maintained. We propose the use of the radial forearm free flaps (RFFF) as a superb method of re-establishing integrity in anterior skull base defects. Methods: Literature review and retrospective analysis of 4 single-institution cases of anterior skull base defects reconstructed with a RFFF. Data were collected on successful and unsuccessful defect repairs, complication rates, and length of hospitalization. Results:...

Aim: Anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap is widely used in reconstruction of various defects. Preoperative imaging facilitates perforator mapping, overcoming intraoperative uncertainty. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of multi-detector row computed tomography angiography (MDCTA) and a handheld Doppler in locating ALT perforators. Methods: Twenty patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 patients received MDCTA and Doppler studies whereas Group 2 received only a Doppler study. The number, location, course, and source of all cutaneous and sizable perforators were...

Aim: Snakebite injuries of the extremities are common in tropical India among those involved in farming and outdoor activities. These injuries often complicated by cellulitis, gangrene, regional lymphadenopathy, compartment syndrome, bleeding abnormalities, septicemia, hypotension, and disseminated intravascular coagulation, resulting in signiﬁcant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the study is to share our experience of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in the management of snakebite injuries. Methods: All patients who were treated for snakebite injuries in our department between...

Aim: Penoscrotal defects may be caused by a variety of events. Reconstruction of the penoscrotal region is required not only for aesthetic appearance but also for functional and psychological reasons. Numerous techniques have been described for penoscrotal reconstruction reﬂecting the challenge and complexity of the region involved. This suggests that no single method is satisfactory for all types and degrees of tissue defects. This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in India, over a period of 5 years. Methods: Eighteen patients with penoscrotal defects of varying...