Drinking water stats:
Improved: Urban: 96.5% of population; Rural: 64.1% of population; and Total: 77% of population
Unimproved: Urban: 3.5% of population; Rural: 35.9% of population; and Total: 23% of Population (2015 est.)

Education expenditure: 3.8% of GDP (2008

Literacy
Definition: age 15 and over can read and write; total population: 33.1%; Male: 45.1%; and female: 22.2% (2015 est.)

Administrative divisions: 8 regions (regions, singular – region), 1 district*; District de Bamako*, Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou (Timbuktu); note – two new regions, Menaka and Taoudenni, were reportedly created in early 2016, but these have not yet been vetted by the US Board on Geographic Names)

Amendments: roposed by the president of the republic or by members of the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly and approval in a referendum; constitutional sections on the integrity of the state, its republican and secular form of government, and its multiparty system cannot be amended; amended 1999 (2017)

Legal system: Civil law system based on the French civil law model and influenced by customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Constitutional Court

Citizenship
Citizenship by birth: no
Citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Mali
Dual citizenship recognized: yes
Residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years

Legislative branch
Description: unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members directly elected in single and multi-seat constituencies by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds if needed; 13 seats reserved for citizens living abroad; members serve 5-year terms

Elections: last held on 24 November and 15 December 2013 (next to be held in 2018

Elections/appointments: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds if needed for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 29 July 2018 with a runoff on 12 August 2018; prime minister appointed by the president

Judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court members appointed by the Ministry of Justice to serve 5-year terms; Constitutional Court members selected – 3 each by the president, the National Assembly, and the Supreme Council of the Magistracy; members serve single renewable 7-year terms

Subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; High Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases of high treason or criminal offenses by the president or ministers while in office); magistrate courts; first instance courts; labor dispute courts; special court of state security