Classical Music
CLASSICAL MUSIC is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of
Western music , including both liturgical (religious) and secular
music. While a more accurate term is also used to refer to the period
from 1750 to 1820 (the Classical period ), this article is about the
broad span of time from roughly the 11th century to the present day,
which includes the Classical period and various other periods. The
central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900,
which is known as the common-practice period
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History Of Poland (1795–1918)
In 1795 the third and the last of the three 18th-century partitions
of
PolandPoland ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
. Nevertheless, events both within and outside the Polish lands kept
hopes for restoration of Polish independence alive throughout the 19th
century. Poland's geopolitical location on the Northern European
Lowlands became especially important in a period when its expansionist
neighbors, the
Kingdom of PrussiaKingdom of Prussia and Imperial Russia , involved
themselves intensely in European rivalries and alliances as modern
nation-states took form over the entire continent
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Duchess
A DUKE (male) (
British EnglishBritish English : /djuːk/ or
American EnglishAmerican English :
/duːk/ ) or DUCHESS (female) can either be a monarch ruling over a
duchy or a member of the nobility , historically of highest rank below
the monarch . The title comes from French duc, itself from the Latin
dux , 'leader', a term used in republican Rome to refer to a military
commander without an official rank (particularly one of Germanic or
Celtic origin), and later coming to mean the leading military
commander of a province. The title dux survived in the
Eastern Roman Empire where it was used
in several contexts signifying a rank equivalent to a captain or
general. Later on, in the 11th century, the title
Megas Doux was
introduced for the post of commander-in-chief of the entire navy
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Stucco
STUCCO or RENDER is a material made of aggregates , a binder , and
water.
StuccoStucco is applied wet and hardens to a very dense solid. It is
used as decorative coating for walls and ceilings and as a sculptural
and artistic material in architecture.
StuccoStucco may be used to cover
less visually appealing construction materials such as metal ,
concrete , cinder block , or clay brick and adobe . In English, stucco usually means a coating for the outside of a
building, and plaster one for interiors; as described below, the
material itself is often little different. But other European
languages, importantly including Italian, do not have the same
distinction; stucco means plaster in Italian and serves for both.
This has led to English often using "stucco" for interior decorative
plasterwork in relief , especially in art history and older sources
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Distillation
DISTILLATION is the process of separating the component or substances
from a liquid mixture by selective evaporation and condensation .
DistillationDistillation may result in essentially complete separation (nearly
pure components), or it may be a partial separation that increases the
concentration of selected components of the mixture. In either case
the process exploits differences in the volatility of the mixture's
components. In industrial chemistry , distillation is a unit operation
of practically universal importance, but it is a physical separation
process and not a chemical reaction . Commercially, distillation has many applications
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Count
COUNT (male) or COUNTESS (female) is a title in European countries
for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an
approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of
nobility. The word count came into English from the French comte,
itself from
LatinLatin comes —in its accusative comitem—meaning
“companion”, and later “companion of the emperor, delegate of
the emperor”. The adjective form of the word is "comital". The
British and Irish equivalent is an earl (whose wife is a "countess",
for lack of an English term). Equivalents of the rank of count exist
or have existed in the nobility structures in various countries, such
as
GrafGraf in
GermanyGermany and hakushaku during the Japanese Imperial era
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Red Army
The WORKERS\' AND PEASANTS\' RED ARMY (Russian :
Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия;
РККА, or Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya: RKKA, frequently
shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия; KA, in English: RED
ARMY also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red
Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian
Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , and after 1922 the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics . The army was established immediately
after the 1917
October RevolutionOctober Revolution (Red October or Bolshevik
Revolution)
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Vienna
VIENNA (/viˈɛnə/ ( listen ); German : Wien, pronounced (
listen )) is the capital and largest city of
AustriaAustria and one of the
nine states of
AustriaAustria .
ViennaVienna is Austria's primary city , with a
population of about 1.8 million (2.6 million within the metropolitan
area , nearly one third of Austria's population), and its cultural ,
economic , and political centre. It is the 7th-largest city by
population within city limits in the
European UnionEuropean Union . Until the
beginning of the 20th century, it was the largest German-speaking city
in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
in
World War IWorld War I , the city had 2 million inhabitants. Today, it has
the second largest number of German speakers after
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