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Radiology DeAngilas

Radiology

A plane that divides the body into upper & lower proportions is called:

Transverse plane

The most common body habitus consisting of nearly 50% of the population is called the:

Sthenic type

Which of the following terms refers to a body part or a CR angulation directed toward the head? 1. Crainal 2. Cephalic 3. Caudad

Crainal & Cephalic

a body position defined as a person standing erect with palms facing fowrward is termed:

Anatomical position

A longitudinal angulation of the CR with the long axis of the body describes a(n):

Axial projection

The ventral decubitus position is most similar to the ________ position.

Prone

The general size, shape, & position of the internal organs can be, to a large degree, predicted by the classifications of a person's:

body habitus

A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior & posterior is called a:

Coronal plane

The term used to designate a structure away from its source is:

Distal

The turning point of a body part inward is termed:

inversion

Which of the following terms refers to the front surface of the body?1. Anterior 2. Posterior 3. Ventral

Anterior & Ventral

A movement of a jt that increases the angle between the articulation bones is called:

Extension

Which of the following is NOT located in the pelvic cavity?

Spleen

A projection in which visualization of a structure is improved by directing the CR to skim the profiled body part is termed a(n):

Tangential projection

The gonion or angle of the mandible is found at the lvl of:

3rd cervical vertebra

The portions of the body that are located away from the midline of the body are referred to as:

lateral

A very thin person will often have a low, vertical stomach & gallbladder. This person would be classified as having the ______ body type.

Astenic

A physician has requested a tightly collimated image of the 10th thoracic vertebra. The external landmark that would be most helpful is the:

Xiphoid tip

During a ventral decubitus examination of the abd. using a horizaontal beam, free fluid will accumulate on the pt's:

Anterior surface

The term "projection" describes:

the path of the radiation from the x-ray tube

The movement of a structure toward the central axis of the body is termed:

Adduction

A Rt lateral Decubitus radiograph is taken of a pt. This is an example of a(n):

Frontal projection

The dorsum of the foot refers to the:

Superior aspect

The most superior aspect of the iliac crest corresponds to the lvl of:

L4

When the hand is rotated from an anatomic position for a PA projection, this is termed:

Pronation

A person with a large, high peripherally located colon, & high transverse gallbladder & stomach would be classified as:

Hypersthenic

The Rt ant. obl. position (RAO) is described as a(n):

PA obl. position

The body plane that passes vertically through the midline of the body & divides it into equal Rt & Lt protions is termed the:

Mid-sagittal plane

The turning of the foot outward at the ankle would be an example of:

Eversion

Which of the following structures are found in the same transverse plane? 1. Ischial tuberosity 2. Symphysis 3. Greater trochanters

Syphysis & Greater trochanters

The ant. superior iliac spine (ASIS) is found at the same lvl as:

S1

The division of the abd into 4 major quadrants involves a transvers & midsagittal plane which intersects at the:

Umbilicus

Which of the following can be used to describe a pt. lying on his or her back? 1. Supine 2. Dorsal decubitus 3. Ventral decubitus

Supine & Dorsal decubitus

The torso is divided into 2 major subdivisions called the:

Thoracic & abdominal cavities

In the PA projection of the abd., the gallbladder of a sthenic pt. is normally located at a lvl near the:

9th costal cartilage

The term applied to a position in which the body is rotated so that it is NOT in a frontal or lateral position is called a(n):

Oblique position

A club-shaped process usually located at the end of a bone is termed a:

Malleolus

Which of the following is NOT located within the pelvic cavity? 1. Bladder 2. Duodenum 3. Rectum 4. Reproductive organs

Duodenum

The Rt PA obl. position will correspond to a pt. in the:

RAO

A hole in a bone thru which vessels & nevers pass is called a:

Foramen

In a radiographic image of the hand in the PA obl. projection, the hand should be placed at an angle of:

45° to the plane of the IR

Which radiographic projection of the shoulder will demonstrate the humerus in true anatomic position?

The AP projection with ext rotation

During radiography of the clavicle, which projection is used to reduce the amount of focal spot blur?

A PA projection w/pt erect

To insure proper position of the elbow during a radiographic image taken in the lat proj the: 1. Epicondyle should be place perpendicular to the plane of the IR 2. Radial & ulnar styloids superimposed 3. Forearm, elbow & humerus in the same plane

all of the above

In a radiographic image of the carpal bones obtained in the PA projection, the fingers are flexed in order to:

Decrease the part-to-IR distance

When bilateral hands or wrists are requested, it is important to radiograph each side separately to prevent:

the distortion of the jt spaces

Radiographic images of the acromioclavicular articulations are normally performed: 1. In the decubitus position 2. W/pt holding weights 3. Bilaterally

w/pt holding weights & bilaterally

A radiographic image of the shoulder is obtained in the AP projection w/a medial rotation. This will place the humerus in the:

Lateral position

To avoid crossing the radius & ulna during the radiographic evaluation of the forearm in the AP projection, the hand should be:

Fully supinated

Which of the following radiographic projections will best deomstrate the carpal interspace?

AP projection

A radiographic image of the finger is obtained in the PA projection. The CR should be directed perpendicular to the:

Proximal interphalangeal jt

In evaluating a radiographic image of the scapula in the true lateral projection, which structures should be superimposed?

Vertebral & axillary boarders

When radiographing the proximal humerus using the transthoracic (Lawrence) projection, the plane of the epicondyle should be:

Perpendicular to the plane of the IR

A bony outgrowth at the base of the 3rd metacarpocarpal jt. (carpe bossu) is best demonstrated in the:

PA projection of the wrist in acute palmer flexion

Which radiographic projection is most commonly used to provide a profile image of the olecranon process?

A lateral projection of the elbow

When performing a radiographic image of the hand in the PA projection, which of the following surfaces should be in contact w/the IR? 1. Dorsal 2. Palmer 3. Ventral

Palmer & Ventral

A radiographic image is taken on a supine pt w/their arm abducted to a Rt angle & the elbow flexed. This best describes:

AP projection of the scapula

During the radiographic evaluation of the hand for the localization of foreign bodies, the hand should be placed in the:

Lateral position w/fingers extended

During the radiographic evaluation of the scapula in the AP projection, respiration should be:

continued w/quiet breathing

In order to obtain a radiographic image of the humerus (non-trauma) in the lateral projection, the arm should be placed in:

internal rotation

A radiograph is obtained w/palmer suface of wrist in contact w/IR & dorsiflexed w/slight radial shift. If the CR is directed 25° to the long axis of hand to a .2cm distal to the base of 3rd metacarpal bone, what structures are clearly demonstrated?

Anterior wrist bone & the carpal canal

A radiographic image of the elbow is obtained in the lateral projection. In order to improve the visualization of the soft tissue structures, the elbow should be flexed to an angle of about:

35°

In order to obtain a radoigraphic image of the 1st finger in the AP projection, the hand should be placed in the:

Lateromedial postion

A radiographic image of the scapula is obtained in the lateral projection. The upper portion of the scapula is demonstrated as the letter "Y". The superior aspect of the letter "Y" is formed by:

the acromion & coracoid processes

A radiographic image of the humerus is obtained in the AP projection. This will require that a plane passing between the epicondyles be placed parallel to the plane of the IR in order to obtain a profile view of the:

Greater tuberosity

A radiographic image which best demonstrates the carpal interspaces on the medial side of the wrist should be taken in the:

PA projection w/ulnar deviation

A radiographic image of the elbow is obtained in the AP oblique projection for the demonstration of the radial head. This will require that the elbow be:

laterally rotated 45°

A radiographic image of the hand is obtained in the PA projection. The CR should be directed perpendicular to the:

3rd metacarpophalangeal jt

In order to obtain a radiographic image of the clavicle in the PA axial projection, the CR should be directed at a:

Caudal angulation of 15-30°

A radiographic image of the shoulder is obtained in the AP projection. If the pt's arm is medially rotated this will provide a:

Profile view of the lesser tuberosity

Fx of the dorsal aspect of the carpal bones are well demonstrated on a radiographic image taken in the tangential projection. This is also referred to as the:

Carpal bridge method

A radiographic image of the elbow is obtained in the AP oblique projection w/medial rotation. This projection is most often used to provide an unobstructed view of the:

Coronoid process

A radiographic image of the 1st digit is obtained in the AP projection w/CR directed at an angle of 45° to the elbow. This projection is most often used for the demonstration of the:

1st carpometacarpal jt

A radiograph of the scapula is obtained in the tangential proj. The pt is placed supine/ CR directed thru the postierosuperior region of the shoulder @ a caudal angle of 45°. Which structure is best demonstrated:

Scapular spine

In order to demonstrate the coracoids process on a radiographic image obtained in the AP axial projection, the CR should be directed:

15-25° caudal to the humerus head

A radiographic image of the wrist is obtained in the tangential (Gaynor Hart) projection (inferosuperior). The only carpal bone demonstrated free of all bony superimposition is the:

Pisiform bone

For the demonstration of the entire circumference of the radial head, how many lateral radiographic projections are required?

4

The early changes of rheumatoid arthritis can best be demonstrated on radoigraphic images of the hands in the:

AP oblique projection

A radiogrphic image of the scapula is obtained in the PA oblique (Lorenz & Lilenfeld) projection. This projection is most commonly used to demonstrate the:

Scapula free of the ribs

In order to visualized the glenoid fossa on radiogrphic image of the humerus in the AP oblique (Grashey) projection, the pt is medially rotaed:

35-45°

All of the following projections may be used for the radiographic evaluation of the scaphoid or navicular bone EXCEPT:

PA projection of the wrist w/fingers flexed

A radiograph of the forearm is obtained in the AP proj w/arm in acute flextion. CR is directed perpendicular to enter 5cm superior to the olecranon process. This image is most often used for the demo of the:

Olecranon process

A radiographic projection of the hand that will demonstrate the greatest amount of distortion of the phalanges & the interphalangeal jt is:

PA obl projection

A radiographic image of the shoulder in the PA oblique (scapular Y) projection is obtained to rule out a dislocation of the humeral head. The pt should be rotated so the midcoronal plane forms an angle of:

45-60° to plane of the IR

The maximum relaxation of the fat pads of the elbow is seen w/jt flexed to an angle of about:

90°

A radiographic image for the bicipital groove is obtained in the tangential projection. If the pt is placed supine on the table, the CR should be directed about:

15° posterior to the horizontal to skim the anterior aspect of the humerus

A radiographic image of the hand is obtained in the PA projection. This will provide a:

Oblique projection of the thumb

In order to obtain a radiographic image of the shoulder jt in the INferosuperior axial (West Point) projection, the CR should be directed:

25° anteriorly & 25° medially

A radiographic image of the foot is to be obtained in the true lateral projection. This is more consistently obtained when the:

Medial surface is in contact w/IR

During radiography of the knee, in order to relax the muscles & demonstrate the maximum volume of the knee jt a:

20-30° of flexion is required

A radiographic image of the pelvis is obtained in the AP projection. What can be employed to reduce the normal anteversion of the femoral neck?

15° medial rotation of the legs

A radiographic image of the lower leg is obtained in the AP projection. In order to prevent the jts of the lower leg from being projected off the image due to the divergence of the x-ray beam, the IR should extend:

4cm beyond each jt

A radiogragphic image of the calcaneus is obtained in the lateral projection. The CR is directed to enter perpendicular to a point:

2.5cm distal to the medial malleolus

Which of the following radiographic projections should NOT be used to evaluate the hip of a pt w/a suspected fx: 1. Axiolateral Danelius-Miller 2. AP axiolateral Cleaves 3. Lateral Lauenstein-Hickey

AP axiolateral Cleaves & Lateral Lauenstein-Hickey

An xray of a AP obl foot. The foot is medially rotated so the planter surface forms a 30° angle w/plane of the IR. It will improve the visual of which structures? 1. 1st & 2nd metatarsal bases 2. 4th & 5th metatarsal bases 3. cuboid bone

4th & 5th metatarsal bases, & cuboid bone

A radiographic image of the knee is obtained in the PA projection on a sthenic pt. Due to the slightly inclined position of the lower leg, the CR should be directed at a:

Cephalic angle of 90° to the IR

A radiographic image of the femoral neck is obtained in the AP obl (Cleaves) projecion. In order to provide optimum visualization of the neck, the patient's thighs should be abducted:

40° from the vertical plane

A radiographic image of the ankle is obtained in the mediolateral lateral projection. Doriflextion of the foot is required to help prevent:

Lateral rotation of the ankle jt

A radiographic image of the patella is obtained in the tangential (Settegast) projection. This is often used for the evaluation of:

Vertical fx of the patella

A radiographic image of the pelvis is obtained in the axial (Chassard-Lapine) projection. This projection is taken to evaluate: 1. Defects of the pelvic outlet 2. Defects in the urinary bladder 3. Defects of the rectosigmoid region

1, 2 & 3

A radiograph of the foot is obtained in AP obl proj. If the foot is lat rotated so the planter surface forms an angle of 30° w/plane of the IR, which structure is best demonstrated?

The interspaces between the 1st & 2nd metacarpal & the cuneiform bones

A radiographic image of the knee is obtained in the lateral projection. What will prevent the the medial femoral codyle from obscuring the jt space?

5-7° cephalic angulation of CR

A xray of the hip is obtained in the axiolateral (shoot-thru) proj. If a grid is used to reduce scattered, it is important to place the grid strips: 1. parallel to the neck of the femur 2. ┴ to the neck of the femur 3. ┴ to the plane of the table

Parallel to the neck of the femur

A radiographic image of the ankle if obtained in the AP obl projection. In order to maximaize the opening of the tibiofibular jt space the leg should be rotated:

45° medially

A radiographic image of the calcaneus is obtained in the axial (plantodorsal) projection. In order to demonstrate the subtalar jt the CR should be directed at an angle of:

40° to the long axis of the foot

A radiographic image obtained in the AP obl (Cleaves) projection is most often used to for the evaluation of the:

Femoral head & neck

Which radiographic projection of the foot should be obtained to best demonstrate the cubiod bone & its articulations?

The AP oblique projection w/medial rotation

A radiograhic image of the patella in the tangential projection should NOT be attempted until a lateral image has been obtained to rule out:

Transverse fx of the patella

A radiographic image of the hip is obtained in the AP projection. The CR is directed about 6cm distal to a line drawn perpendicular to the midpoint between the:

Symphysis pubis & the ASIS

When a radiographic image is obtained of the ankle in the lateral projection, which position of the ankle will place the jt closest to the IR?

Lateromedial position

A radiographic image of the 3rd toe is obtained in the AP projection. The CR should be directed perpendicular to the:

3rd proximal interphalangeal jt

A pt is brought into the radiography depart to rule out a trimalleolar fx. The radiographic projection that is most commony obtained to demonstrate this condition is an:

AP projection of the ankle jt

A radiographic image of the foot is obtained in the AP obl projection. The foot should be rotated medially until the plantar surface forms an angle of:

30° to the plane of the IR

A radiographic image obtained in the PA axial (Camp-Coventry) projection may be used to demonstrate:

Joint mice in the intercondyloid fossa

The dome of the acetabular cavity can be localized by finding the mid-point of the line drawn between the symphysis pubis & the:

Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS)

A radiographic image of the os calsis or calcaneus is obtained in the axial dorsoplanter projection. The CR should be directed at a caudal angle of 40° to enter at the dorsal surface of the ankle parallel with the:

BAse of the 3rd metatarsal bone

A radiographic image of the ankle is obtained in the AP obl projection. In order to maximize the openiing of the moritse jt, the ankle & leg should be rotated:

15-20° medially

The magnification on a radiogaphic image of the ant pelvic bones can be reduced by obtaining images in the:

PA projection

A radiograhpic image of the anterior pelvic bones is obtained in the AP zxial (Taylor) projection on a female pt. The CR should be directed to enter a 0.5cm distal to the pubic symphysis at a:

Cephalic angle of 30-40°

A radiographic image of the foot is obtained in the AP axial projection. The CR should be directed:

10° toward the heel to pass thru the base of the 3rd metatarsal

A radiographic image of the knee is obtained in the AP projection on a pt measuring 22cm from the ASIS to the table top. The CR should be directed perpendicular to a point:

1.5cm distal to the apex of the patella

A radiographic image of the femur is obtained in the AP projection. In order to place the femoral neck parallel with the plane of the IR the:

Lower limb should be laterally rotated 15-20°

A radiographic image of the ankle is obtained in the AP projection w/inversion stress. This image is most commonly employed to evaluate a rupture of the:

Lateral collateral ligament

In order to improve the delineation of the jt spaces on a radiographic image of the toes in the AP axial projection, the CR should be directed to the 3rd metacarpophalangeal jt at a:

Cephalic angulagion of 15°

When a pt has bilateral hip fx & a radoigraphic image can't be obtained in the axiolateral (shoot-thru) proj, an axiolateral (Clementis-Nakajama) proj may be required. W/pt supine, the CR is directed to a vertical image receptor at an angle of:

15° posteriorly

In order to obtain a radiographic image of the foot in the AP axial projection to demonstrate the tarsal articulations, the CR is directed to enter the base of the 3rd metatarsal at the angle of:

10° to the heel

A radiographic image of the patellofemoral jt is obtained in the tangential (Hughston) proj. If the knee is flexed to form a 55° angle w/IR, the CR should be directed thru the jt space at a cephalic angle of:

45°

A radiographic image of the hip is obtained in the aziolateral (shoot-thru) projection. ON the resultant image, what structure will be seen directly posterior to the femoral neck & acetabulum?

Ischial tuberosity

A radiographic image of the foot is obtained in the tangential (Lewis & Caustan) projection. This projection is most commonly employed for the evaluation of:

Sesamoid bones

A pt is supine w/their leg resting in a 18x42cm IR with the foot in the vertical position. The CR is directed perpendicular to the mid-tibia. This projection is best described as:

AP projection of the leg

A radiographic image of the knee is obtained in the AP obl projection. In order to prevent overlapping of the proximal tibiofibular articulation the leg should be rotated:

Medially 45°

A radiographic image of the knee is obtained in a standing AP projection to evaluate arthritis. The CR is directed:

Perpendicular to the knee jt

Radiographic images of the feet of a child are obtained in AP & lateral (Kite) projection. These images are most often obtained to evaluate:

Talipes equinovarus

A radiographic image of the femoral necks is obtained in the axiolateral (original Cleaves) projection. In order to direct the CR parallel to the shafts of the femur tube should be angled:

25-45° cephalic

A radiographic image of the ankle is obtained in the AP projection. The CR should be directed:

Vertically to the midpoint between the metatarsal bones

Radiographic images of the foot are to be obtained to evaluate the subtalar jt. Which projection would most commonly be requested?

AP axial obl projection of the ankle

A radiographic image of the knee is obtained in the AP axial (Beclere) projection to demonstrate the intercondylar fossa. The CR should be directed to enter the knee jt:

Perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia

A radiographic image of the ilium is obtained to evaluate the broad surface wing w/o rotation. The AP obl projection that is used for this purpose will require that the:

Unaffected side be elevated 40°

A radiographic iamge of the intercondyloid fossa is obtained in the PA axial (Holmblad) projection. If the long axis of the femur forms an angle of 70° to the plane of the IR, the CR should be directed thru the knee jt:

Vertical to the IR

A radiographic image of the foot is obtained in the lateral (weight-bearing) projection. This is most commonly employed to evaluate the status of the:

Longitudinal arch

A radiograph of the foot is obtained int eh AP axial proj. This composite view requires that 2 separate exposures are made to produce a single image. This method requires the CR to be directed:

15° posterior & 25° anterior

A series of radiographs are made for the measurement of the lenght of the lower leg. In order to insure the proper orthoroentgenographic measurements are obtained, it is important to place the legs in an antatomic position &:

Make 3 exposures over the jts w/o moving the pt

A radiographic image of the wrist is obtained in the AP obl projection w/a medial rotation of about 45°. This is normally used to demonstrate:

Lunate & pisiform bones

The best projection for the evaluation of the L-spine bodies & intervertebral disc spaces is a radiographic image obtained in the:

Lateral projection

In order to obtain a lateral projection of the C-spine in flexion, the pt is placed in the true lateral position w/the:

the chin lowered toward the chest

A lead strip, which is placed just behind the posterior surface of the pt for a radiographic image of the L-spine in the lateral projection, serves to:

Absorb scattered radiation produced in the pt

A radiographic image of the T-spine is obtained in the AP projection. With the pt supine, the normal degree of kyphosis can be reduced by:

Flexing the knees

In a radiographic image of the L-spine, which projection will best demonstrate the transverse processes of the L-spine?

AP projection

If a pt is in traction for a C-spine injury, the radiographic image should be normally be obtained:

W/O adjusting the traction apparatus

Which radiographic image is most often obtained to evaluate a pt w/lateral scoliosis of the T-spine?

a PA projection w/the pt erect

A radiographic image is obtained in the lateral (Twining) projection or swimmer's position. This projection is most commonly employed for the evaluation of the:

Cervicothoracic region of the spine

A radiographic image of the C-spine is obtained in the AP axial obl projection to demonstrate open intervertebral foramina. This projection requires the C-spine be rotated:

45° away from the IR

A radiographic image of the sternum is obtained in the Rt PA obl (RAO) projection. This projection will project the image of the sternum:

Over the shadow of the heart

Which radiographic projection of the C-spine should be obtained to demonstrate articulations between th esuperior & inferior articulating processes of the C-spine?

Lateral projection

A study of the L-spine is ordered to determine motion in the area of the spinal fusion. Which of the following is indicated? 1. AP proj taken w/legs flex & ext 2. AP proj taken w/pt in the R&L bending position 3. Lat proj taken w/pt in flex & ext

AP projection taken w/pt in the R & L bending position & Lateral projections taken w/pt in flexion & extension

A radiographic image of the vertebral arch of the cervical region is obtained in the AP axial projection. The CR should be directed to enter the neck at the level of the thyroid cartilage at a:

Caudal angle of 20-30°

If a radiographic image of the sacrum is obtained in the lateral projection, the CR should be directed perpendicular to enter at a point:

9cm posterior to the ASIS

A radiographic image of the upper thoracic & lower C-spine is obtained in the lateral (Twining) projection. The CR is directed 5° caudal w/the arm closest to the IR:

Raised about the head

A radiographic image of the sternum is obtained in the lateral projection. In order to improve contrast in the resulting image, what should be employed?

A radiographic exposure that is made on full inspiration

A radiographic image of the L-spine is obtained in the AP obl projection. This projection is most commonly employed for the evaluation of the:

Dependent zygapophyseal articulations

A radiographic image of the sternoclavicular jt is obtained in the PA oblique projection. The proper degree of obl to best evaluate an affected SC jt is a:

10-15° rotation

A radiographic image of the T-spine is obtained in the lateral projection. What actions can be taken to prevent the ribs from obscuring the intervertebral foramina?

Adjusting the arms to the Rt angles

A radiographic image of the C-spine is obtained in the AP axial obl projection. This projection is commoly used for the evaluation of the:

Pedicles farthest from the IR

A pt comes from the ER w/a possible C-spine fx. The preliminary radiographic images that should be obtained for this purpose is:

A lateralprojection in the dorsal decubitus position

In a radiographic image of the L-spine in the AP obl projection, the "Scotty dogs" are seen when the pt is properly positioned. The front feet of the "dog" corresponds to the:

Inferior articular process of the vertebra

Which radiographic projection of the T-spine is most commonly employed to demonstrate the intervertebral disc spaces?

A lateral projection

A radiographic image of the Rt sacroiliac (SI) jt is to be obtained in the AP obl projection. The pt should be placed in the:

LPO position w/affected jt farthest from the IR

An image of T-spine is obtained in the AP obl proj. The pt should be placed w/: 1. Anode placed over the region having the greatest thickness 2. Anode placed over the bucky side of the table 3. Cathode placed over the region having the greatest thickness

The cathode should be placed over the region having the the greatest thickness

Which of the following radiographic projections should be employed to determine the presence or absence of cervical ribs?

An AP axial projection

A radiographic image of the C-spine is obtained in the lateral projection. A SID of 180cm (72") should be employed to:

Decrease the magnification of the vertebrae

A radiographic image of the coccyx is obtained in the PA axial projection. The CR is directed to tip of the coccyx at a:

Cephalic angulation of 10°

Which projection of the spinal column will most likely demonstrate a kyphotic curve of the spine?

A lateral projection of the thoracic spine

Which projection of the the lumbar spine is most commonly employed to demonstrate the zygapopyseal articulations between the lumbar vertebrae?

AP 45° oblique projection

A radiographic image of the odontoid process is obtained in the AP projection open-mouth position. The pt should open the mouth as wide as possible w/a line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisor to the:

Mastoid tip placed perpendicular to the image recptor

A radiographic image of the sacrum is obtained in the AP axial projection. In order to compensate for the normal degree of kyphosis of the sacrum, the CR should be directed at a:

15° Cephalic

An image of the T-spine is obtained in the lat proj. The pt's arms should be elevated no more than 90°. Any more causes: 1. The correction of an abnormal amount of kyphosis 2. The scapulae to obscure the upper T-spine 3. Unwanted discomfort to the pt.

2 only

A radiographic image of the C-spine obtained in the PA axial obl. proj. This proj is commonly employed to demonstrate the:

Intervertebral foraminal closest to the IR

A radiographic image of the T-spine is obtained in the AP obl proj. In order to demonstrate the zygapophyseal articulations between the T-vertebrae, the pt should be rotated so the midcoronal plane forms an angle of:

70° w/the plane of the image receptor

A radiographic image of the odontoid process (dens) is obtained in the AP proj open mouth position. The resultant radiograph demonstrated the occipital bone obscuring the dens. In order to correct for this positioning error, the radiographer should:

Tuck the pt's chin closer to the chest

A radiographic image of the Rt sacroiliac (SI) jt is to be obtained in the AP obl proj. The jt space is best visualized when the pt is rotated:

25° to the plane of the IR

A radiographic image of the T-spine is obtained in the AP proj. The CR should be directed perpendicular to the:

7th thoracic vertebra

A radiographic image of the L5-S1 interspace is obtained in the AP axial proj. The CR should be directed thru the lumbosacral jt w/a:

30-35° cephalic

Which projection of the C-spine will most clearly demonstrate the spinous processes of the C-spine?

Lateral

Which of the following positions should be employed to obtain a radiographic image on a pt that has injured their ant 5th rib? 1. Erect PA 2. AP w/inspiration 3. Prone w/expiration

1 & 2

A radiographic image of the C-spine is obtained in the AP axial obl proj. This projection is commonly used for the evaluation of the:

Intervertebral foramina farthest from the IR

A radiographic image of the L-spine is obtained in the lat proj. This proj is most often requested to demo the: 1. Transverse processs of the vertebrae 2. Spinous processes of the vertrae 3. Height of the vertebral disc space

2 & 3

A radiographic image of the T-spine is obtained in the lat proj. If the lower vertebral column is not elevated to the horizontal position, the CR should be directed to the lvl of T7 at a:

10-15° Cephalic

A radiograhpic image of the odontoid process is obtained in the AP(Fuchs) proj. The chin should be extended until:

The tip of the chin & mastoid process at vertical

A radiographic image of the costal jts is obtained in the AP axial proj for the demonstration of rheumatoid spondylitis. The CR is directed to enter the midsagittal plane 5 cm above the xiphoid process at a:

20° cephalic

An image of the sternoclavicular jts is obtained in the axiolateral (Kurz Bauer) proj. The pt is placed in the lat recumbent position on their affected side w/the arm raised. The CR is directed thru the sternoclavicular jt closest to the IR at a:

15° caudal

A radiographic image of the cervical spine is obtained in the lateral proj. The use of a radiographic grid is generally NOT required because of the scatter reduction that occurs:

From the use of the natural air gap

A radiographic image of the C-spine is obtained in the AP axial proj. A 15-20° cephalic angulation of the CR should be employed to better define the:

Intervertebral disk spaces

In an AP axial proj of the T-spine. The pt is placed in the rt lat recumbent position & rotated ant 20°. The CR is directed through T7. The structures best demonstrated would be the:

Rt zygapophyseal articulations

A radiographic image obtained in the PA axial obl (Kovacs) proj is most often taken to demonstrate the:

L5-S1 interspace

A radiographic image of the C-spine is obtained in the AP (Ottonello) proj while the pt is asked to open & close their mouth during the exposure. This maneuver is employed in the evaluation of:

The entire C-spine

A radiographic image of the symphysis pubis is taken in the PA (Chamberlain) proj w/the pt erect. This weight-bearing position is used to evaluate abnormal slippage of the:

Sacroiliac jts

A radiographic image of the C-spine is obained in the AP axial proj to demonstrate the lower cervical vertebrae. The CR should be directed 15° cephalic to enter at the:

Thyroid cartilage

What projection is most commonly used to more closely align the intervertebral disk spaces of the L-spine w/the divergence of the x-ray beam?

PA proj

A radiographic image of the entire spine is obtained to evaluate a pt w/lateral scoliosis. What proj can be used to reduce the radiation dosage to the thyroid, gonads & breasts of the pt?

PA proj

A radiographic image of the atlas & axis is obtained in the AP (open mouth) proj. In order to keep the tongue in the floor of the mouth the pt is instructed to:

Softly phonate the "ah" during the exposure

A radiographic image of the L-spine is obtained on a female pt in the lateral proj. If the spine is not adjusted to the horizontal plane for the exposure, the CR shoudl be directed:

8° caudal

A radiographic image of the axillary portion of the right ribs can be best demonstrated in the: