..Infants less than 28 weeks gestation should be placed in a polyethylene bag or wrap to keep warm. Chest compressions, when required, remain at 3:1 inflation. The endotracheal tube position must be verified with a carbon dioxide detector...

What do parents think about enrolling their premature babies in several research studies?

..It further improves rates of successful extubation and shows promise as an initial method of respiratory support. Further research is required to determine the optimal settings for both nCPAP and NIPPV...

..0005). Effects of PEEP and SI were additive. In ventilated preterm rabbits at birth, combining a SI and PEEP improved FRC formation and uniformity of lung aeration, but PEEP had the greatest influence...

Resuscitation of premature infants: what are we doing wrong and can we do better?

..Examples demonstrating its potential usefulness during resuscitations are provided. However, further studies are needed to investigate whether it can help improve short-term and long-term outcomes...

Outcome at 2 years of age of infants from the DART study: a multicenter, international, randomized, controlled trial of low-dose dexamethasone

..Low-dose dexamethasone facilitates extubation in chronically ventilator-dependent infants with no obvious short-term complications. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of low-dose dexamethasone...

Neonatal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation: what do we know in 2007?

..Self-inflating resuscitation bags are described as unreliable for this purpose. We measured oxygen concentrations >or=80% delivered through a 240 mL Laerdal self-inflating resuscitation bag and from 5 mm tubing inside a cupped hand...

..Continuous positive airway pressure is increasingly being used in the care of premature infants. The purpose of this review is to highlight the current controversies in the use of neonatal continuous positive airway pressure...

Positive end-expiratory pressure enhances development of a functional residual capacity in preterm rabbits ventilated from birth

..3 +/- 3.5 ml/kg). PEEP greatly facilitates aeration of the distal airways and the accumulation of FRC and prevents distal airway collapse at end expiration in very preterm rabbit pups mechanically ventilated from birth...

..Postnatal corticosteroid therapy is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the short-term effects of low-dose dexamethasone treatment among chronically ventilator-dependent neonates...

..0 (4.1) s using 35 cm H2O peak inflation pressure. In these rabbits, 10- and 20-s SI increased the inspiratory volume and produced a greater FRC, and a 20-s SI uniformly aerated the lung before ventilation started...

Early biomarkers and potential mediators of ventilation-induced lung injury in very preterm lambs

..We investigated the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and tidal volume (VT) on lung aeration, pulmonary mechanics, and the distribution of ventilation immediately after birth using a preterm rabbit model...

..We conclude that airway pressures and VT are not maintained during closed endotracheal suction with either CMV or HFOV, and choice of equipment and settings will affect the degree of interruption to ventilation...

The effect of a PEEP valve on a Laerdal neonatal self-inflating resuscitation bag

..The ability of Laerdal neonatal self-inflating bags fitted with PEEP valves to reliably deliver PEEP is unclear. The aim of this study was to measure the delivered PEEP at different set PEEP levels and inflation rates...

..Use of video recordings of newborn infants to determine: (1) if clinicians agreed whether infants were pink; and (2) the pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (Spo(2)) at which infants first looked pink...