Browse Diseases & Conditions

Birthmarks

Definition

Birthmarks are colored spots on the skin that babies are born with or develop shortly after birth. These marks can be bright red, pink, brown, tan, or bluish. Birthmarks can be flat on the surface of the skin or raised.

The most common types of birthmarks include:

Café-au-lait spots—light tan colored spots on the body

Hemangiomas—flat or slightly raised birthmarks that are bright red or bluish in color; often found on the face, head, and neck

Macular stain—pinkish or light red birthmarks that are sometimes referred to as "angel's kisses" or "stork bites"; common on the back of the head and neck

Causes

Risk Factors

Birthmarks are more common in females and in premature babies. They are often more common among people of Asian, African, Native American, and Hispanic descent.

Symptoms

Birthmarks may cause:

Changes in the color of the skin—lighter or darker than usual

Lumps or swelling on the skin

Changes in texture of the skin

New lesions on the skin

Birthmarks:

May differ in size and appearance

Are most likely present at birth or appear in the first few weeks or months of life

Are commonly found on the face and neck

Most of these birthmarks are harmless. However, hemangiomas and port-wine stains may produce some complications.

On rare occasions, moles can become cancerous. Any suspicious, colored lesion should be examined by a physician and closely observed or removed.

Diagnosis

You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Birthmarks are usually diagnosed based on the appearance of the skin area. If there is any question of the diagnosis, a biopsy may be taken and tested. You may also be referred to a dermatologist, a doctor who specializes in skin disorders.

Treatment

Most birthmarks can and should be left alone. Treatment is generally recommended if the birthmark is:

Cosmetically undesirable and unlikely to resolve on its own

Causing discomfort or complications

Has the potential to develop into a more serious condition (rare)

Treatment options include the following:

Corticosteroids—A type of anti-inflammatory medication that can be given orally or by injection

Laser therapy—Lasers can be used to prevent the growth of hemangiomas and to remove hemangiomas and port-wine stains

Surgery—May be used to remove a colored lesion or to remove scars that remain from other treatments

Cosmetic alternatives—There are many makeup products that effectively cover up birthmarks. These are sometimes referred to as corrective cosmetics.

Regular check-ups with your doctor or dermatologist are important for lesions undergoing treatment or observation.

Revisions

Please note, not all procedures included in this resource library are available at Allegiance Health or performed by Allegiance Health physicians.

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This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.