Last week’s poll: What direction is Brexit heading?

5th February 201910:30 am5th February 201910:47 am

Ahead of the raft of amendments that MPs voted on last week, we asked our readers where they felt the Brexit process was going.

In a Brexit poll we conducted in mid-December, respondents felt that remaining in the EU was the most likely outcome, closely followed by ‘no deal’. But as the clock ticks ever closer to 11pm on March 29th – and with no realistic deal in sight – those results have been flipped on their head. Engineer readers now believe that leaving the EU with ‘no deal’ is the most likely outcome, garnering 38 per cent of the vote. Just over a third (34 per cent) feel that the UK will remain in the EU, with around a quarter (24 per cent) feeling Theresa May will get some form of deal agreed by both sides. Only 4 per cent backed the ‘none of the above’ option.

As we write, the prime minister is en route to Northern Ireland in an attempt to ease fears of a return to a hard border there. But if the UK leaves the customs union and single market, it is difficult to see how a hard border can be avoided. Indeed, Theresa May herself said as much when she visited County Down as home secretary just before the referendum in June 2016.

“If we are out of the European Union with tariffs on exporting goods into the EU, there would have to be something to recognise that between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland,” May told the BBC.

“And if you pulled out of the EU and came out of free movement, then how could you have a situation where there was an open border with a country that was in the EU and had access to free movement?”

And herein lies the crux. The prime minister has painted herself into a corner with incompatible Brexit red lines that cannot all be met. And with 52 days left before the UK is due to leave the EU, she has now set up a working group to investigate the infamous ‘alternative arrangements’ that will somehow magically square the circle. But this is a road already travelled by both the EU and UK during the negotiation period, with no success. More to the point, the much-maligned backstop only comes into play if ‘alternative arrangments’ can’t be found during the transition period. If Brexiteers are so confident in these arrangements being implemented, why do they object so strenuously to the insurance policy of the backstop?

The fact that just 24 per cent of readers believe a deal will now be achieved reflects the intractability of the situation, and it is no surprise that a majority now believe the UK will leave without a deal. Whether this will be allowed to happen by parliament and/or the government remains to be seen, and there will no doubt be more twists and turns as the cliff-edge of March 29th draws ever closer.

The comments section will remain open for the debate to continue. As ever, we recognise that this is a highly contentious topic. We ask our readers to keep their comments civil and respectful below the line. The Engineer’s comment guidelines can be found here.

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And yet despite there being 17 million, ‘only’ 37% of the population voted for leave, 63% either voted remain or didn’t vote. As quite a few have pointed out, that % would not be sufficient to change the constitution of a golf club, much less an entire country.

Yes the People of the UK were definitely lied too by numerous Politicians…and Donald Trump put his oar in and stirred things up.
Has anyone really looked at the whole picture and not realized some one in the US wants the UK to be the 51st State of These United States and right on the EU’s Front Door Step and possibly cause Putin great distress than is now occurring between NATO and Russia with Trump also causing tremendous upsets in the Middle and Far East.
Wake up folks and STAY or face the consequences of leaving and having to set up all new trade agreements, re-bordering of Ireland and Scotland possibly ceceeding to the EU? Then where would our once Proud Nation Be – the UK would be losing over 40 years of reasonable stability and success [get rid of all the Lobbyists and hangers on who diddle with the countries life and liberty] and make all who serve in the EU Parliament be voted in along with fair representation [set up like they have in the US- 2 Senators and 4 Representatives -regardless of each countries size- then have the normal country elected Folks in each area/county etc.]?

The EU referendum has put democracy to its first serious test in our lifetimes – one in which the electorate disagreed with Parliament. Will Parliament respect the will of the British people despite not agreeing with it? No, no it won’t.

originally a Leaver, as more and more information has come out, as well as the discrediting/withdrawal of the original Leave promises, it’s got to be Remain, with “Leave with a deal” as a very poor second option.

Just BTW, if the (current) Leavers are so sure of the validity of their current position why are they so scared of asking “The People” to endorse their current position?

Do you feel a second ‘peoples vote’ would be any more decisive than the first?
How about those that lose the second time, do they get a third ‘peoples vote’ and then a fourth, a fifth, ad infinitum?
The chances of getting a totally unanimous vote are slim to none. As, of course you would need to have a 100% turn out. Otherwise what about the wishes of the minority that did not, could not vote.

No, but a (much) more informed vote would be considerably more honest;
Perhaps with 3 options a/ “leave no deal” b/ “leave with deal” c/ remain. Then if no option gets +50% of the potential electorate, then aggregate the a/ + b/ and b/ + c/ numbers and see if either of those gets +50% of the potential electorate. If so, then do a run off between the 2 relevant options (“leave no deal” & “leave with deal” or “remain” & “leave with deal”).
If none get +50% of the potential electorate, then the vote is not representative.

I’m not sure why it should be based on potential electorate – if you can’t be bothered to vote then I don’t see why you should count in the decision. May be a 4th option – ‘ I didn’t vote because;??’

More seriously I don’t think there should be official leave/remain campaigns – it would be up to voters to do research and make the decision or as it is a democracy -just toss a coin – it is after all Their vote to do what they want with. Of course unofficial campaigns would emerge – but at least we can avoid the illegal payments side shows.

Very good question .. and one that would need to be debated … however, what it would mean is no “Leave with no Deal” or “Remain”. If we arrive at a “Leave with Deal” state, then we will need to debate, reduce, debate etc. until we end up with either one offering, or several … which if the politicians cannot choose between in a free-vote, then again (oh no, not again) to the long-suffering British people would need to decide between.

of the validity of their current position why are they so scared of asking “The People” to endorse their current position?

Because, like so many who are NOT trained and educated in the decency and integrity of the sciences, they will happily ‘slip’ something through some ‘test’ via a conn-trick [ie literally ignoring all the evidence that does NOT suit their ‘side’ ] and then claim that such represents democracy! What a joke. But there are plenty of other Jesters around: who do the same in our everyday lives.

There were only 17 million people out of our entire population who voted to leave. The remainder either abstained or voted no, ignoring those who are disenfranhchised. So it is fair to say that there was not a majority for any disastrous last resort no deal or hard brexit. The electorate was fed a pack of lies, misleading information and there was a complete absence of any serious analysis of the potential consequences. Only now are we better able to judge what the pitfalls are to be. There is virtually nothing explaining what the wider benefits will be to the rest of society. We already have trade agreements with the rest of the world through a mix of WTO and bespoke, and a free trade one already with our neighbours. We need to replicate those. The people who will actually benefit are those few who see an increased trade through their niche market or products. The downside seems to be a zenophobic concern with inappropriate immigration, which given that we have very good physical border barriers, a huge moat, surely something could have been resolved to address this.

I.K. Brunel “I want to build a railway to Bristol and onwards a fast steam ship to the New World”

Stage coach owner (R. Mainer) “There is virtually nothing explaining what the wider benefits will be to the rest of society. “

My point – leavers are not all xenophobes, very few are – we see the EU as a constraining force (often in league with our clearly complicit home grown politicians) which should be broken. All of the benefits cannot be explained – but should engineers not be a bit more embracing of the openness of a less constrained future where options can be developed?

“leavers are not all xenophobes” — That is patently true … however “very few are” does not match what I found (as a Leaver) prior to the Referendum. Many, maybe most of the other Leavers I encountered were small minded racist bigots, whose main driver was to “get the xxxxx [replace with your choice of non-white non-British people]” out of *our* country. Very sad

My extremely-informed (middle) teenage children (& their friends) were majorly annoyed that they did not get a chance to register their desires in the critical issue that will affect them much more than those of us of “relatively advanced” years

I don’t think we were lied to by the leave campaign during the run up to the referendum any more than we have been lied to for years about the set up and future plans of EU leaders. We have no control over the direction the EU takes, and even now they are still trying to focus Brexit on trade, trade is not the only issue. When have we ever been asked if we want to be a member of the United States of Europe and governed directly from Brussels, never I would say, yet that is a very real possibility. I think this will be our last chance to leave and we should just get on with it.

A “hard” border between Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland is required if the UK is not in the EU and the Republic remains in the EU. Making no hard border a requirement is an untenable position. Since the devolution to Stormont has failed (MPs haven’t attended for over a year but still get paid!) it’s regrettably time to revert to pre-Good Friday Agreement conditions. Alternatively perhaps we could build a wall all the way around Northern Ireland? It worked for the Romans when dealing with the Scottish and America seems keen on the idea for it’s southern border issues.

It will be interesting to see the final outcome as engineers are fairly conservative and all previous brexit articles have had strong remain bias.

The case for a repeat referendum is not good: what if the results are different but few people vote?
A referendum ought to be sealed for at least one generation or it makes a farce of the concept.

I guess that, like most of the UK population I’m almost past caring what the MPs do, but also feel that this could be the issue to stir a UK rebellion. It will take a lot to get the UK to follow the French approach to bad leadership, but this might just do it!

Make it a requirement that more than X% (where X is greater than 50) of the potential electorate *must* vote for the result to stand. Not voting does not constitute a for or against vote, but (often) more of a “none of the above”

Enforced voting was used in Iraq in Saddam Hussein’s days, well he got 99% support. In a democracy refusal to vote or spoiling papers shows the rejection of the motion. A neverenderum is not good for anyone.

I am not advocating “enforced voting”, but if less that 50% of the potential electorate are not inspired to vote, that should not imply either an pro or anti vote on what was being voted on (in this case Brexit) but rather another case of “None of the above”

Here here, to all the people advocating a 2nd referendum, what presedent does that set? I imagine after every future general election we would have ‘2nd general elections’ every couple of years just to ‘double check’. Please.

I think we are actually referring to a “third” referendum. The original referendum was in the 70s, and the “Brexiters” have been demanding another referendum since then. So I’m not sure that demanding a “third” referendum, now that we have a much better understanding of the implications of leaving, is so “undemocratic”, otherwise, the second referendum (in 2016) was equally “undemocratic” … just a thought!

On what an orderly Brexit is – with all the talk about Airbus and listening to them – it is worth looking at their June 2018 risk assessment – which at least is clear on what it thinks is an orderly Brexit – No customs union, no single market and no ECJ. Clear enough, why don’t the Labour party and the Tory party get it?

‘Orderly Brexit (with an agreement and transition period) An orderly exit in March 2019 would lead to a new EU/UK relationship after a transition phase currently planned to end Dec 2020. The UK will no longer be part of Single Market, Customs Union or European Court of Justice jurisdiction.’

One issue is clear that – the public and electorate are out of the discussion. Whether Leaver members and voters in the Tory Party largely being ignored over their relatively strong signals for No – Deal or The Labour party member ship being ignored on a 2nd ref. (or no deal being taken off the table if they are from Leave voting constituency) these have all become intra party discussions with a few intra party links above our heads. Also, all the shenanigans with amendments (including allowing the forcing of MPs to ‘take over’ business days and the reliance on the Speaker to decide what gets debated, again with no real public influence, at least shows up the obscure workings of the Mother of parliaments (so called).

I am a firm leaver who would rather have had a properly negotiated exit – I still take May’s original view of No deal is better than a bad deal. Unfortunately, her continual compromises – including the rashly and poorly agreed NI back stop – means that No Deal is the only exit that to me means a real Brexit (out of customs union, single market). It’s really a question of whether the EU will blink or May is forced to blink by parliament that is the only answer to the Engineer Poll in the above article. And we won’t know that for sure until the 29th March unless Article 50 is extended.

I’m not going to go in to any old arguments with Remainers or fence sitters (a different category) who want to either extend article 50 or have a second ref. Both will make all the arguments over business chaos/uncertainty even more protracted and remainers would split over ‘what question’? I’m not afraid of a second ref (although I don’t think there should be one, I wouldn’t oppose one apart from on the protracted uncertainty point) and it as likely that Leave may win again as Remain would.

The paradox is, that though we live in a representative democracy, MPs are not a representative sample of that democracy and many feel entitled to disregard the views of the constituents they are supposed to represent. A second ‘peoples vote’ (is there any other kind?) wouldn’t resolve this, whatever the result there will still be MPs who ignore the result.

The reason ‘no deal’ / withdrawal on WTO terms has to be retained as a default position is it’s the only arrangement not requiring EU agreement and furthermore if MPs reject both any deal and no deal they have created a logical impossibility (“law of the excluded middle”)

The other obvious option which does not require EU agreement is to withdraw article 50 and remain in the EU – which would sit well with very many people, especially since all the false promises of brexit can clearly not be delivered.
That’s my personal preference – there is a potential problem with a 2nd vote, that both sides are so deeply entrenched,and those in the middle so sick of the whole carnival, that it might not be representative again.

I think however it is still the best course of action. The vote was very much swayed by charisma and lies. The populace is much more knowledgeable now about the pros and cons of leaving. Our politicians should have never let the decision go outside the civil service!

We live in a democracy, which has both positive & negative aspects – one of those is that the each person in the un/ill-informed populace, has the same “weight” as a person who has sought to understand the underlying issues. This means that they can be attempted to be swayed by “project fear”, or the years of brainwashing & malicious lies from the self-serving gutter press

I think the backstop looks like a nice comfy spot; no free movement, no CAP or fisheries no ECJ but free access to European markets with nothing to pay! OK we have to stick with European standards etc. but we’d have to adopt them or American equivalents if we wanted to trade globally. We wouldn’t have a say on new regulations etc. but as most people never bothered voting for their MEPs that shouldn’t really bother them.

As an aside do you think that if the government two weeks after the referendum had pretended that we’d left whilst carrying on as before most people would have noticed?

Interesting :)! Whilst I can see where you are coming from, the real issue with that concept, is that the die-hard “kill the country for our principles” Brexiters, would never be willing to stop there, so they would be continually seeking to undermine that state to further their own political ambitions / financial gains … to the detriment of the the majority of the population unfortunately

Have a read of the following: “The Great European Rip-off: How the Corrupt, Wasteful EU is Taking Control of Our Lives” and ” The Great Deception: The Secret History of the European Union”.

If only half of what is written in these well-researched books (available on Amazon UK) is true there are plenty of very good reasons to leave the EU. Let’s go before we get dragged further into the EU mire!

If democracy is to prevail in the Houses of Parliament, those MPs who voted to remain in the EU should be made to abstain from any vote related to how we leave (How can democracy be represented by Remain MPs representing constituencies with the highest leave vote?) . Quite obviously the will of the people can only be democratically represented by those MPS who voted to leave the EU. Whilst I believe that these MPs would prefer to avoid a Hard Brexit, they evidently consider that it’s the lesser of two evils that would otherwise tie us indefinitely to Brussels and not deliver on the result of the referendum. Unless things radically change and the EU stops biting of its nose to spite its face, the only democratic way forward is a Hard Brexit. Sad as it is, few divorces end amicably – especially when a custody battle is involved. For all the amendments and delaying tactics, surely these MPs are just prolonging the agony and extending the inevitable. As and when we leave the EU, I wonder how many of those MPs unable to cope with democracy will leave us for counties with long established dictatorships?

Peter If democracy is to prevail in the Houses of Parliament, those MPs who voted to remain in the EU should be made to abstain from any vote related to how we leave

So democracy should be suspended so that democracy can prevail? What you are suggesting is a leave-led dictatorship.

Peter How can democracy be represented by Remain MPs representing constituencies with the highest leave vote?

Those MPs were elected by the people in those constituencies. It is, in fact, a fresher mandate than the ‘will of the people’ from 2016, as the general election took place a year later.

Peter Quite obviously the will of the people can only be democratically represented by those MPS who voted to leave the EU.

The ‘will of the people’ was split 52-48. You are suggesting that the 48% and anyone who in fact disagrees with your very specific vision of Brexit, even if they are an elected MP, should have no say in how Brexit unfolds. There are several words that could be used to describe this position, none of them complimentary.

The EU do not want us to leave as we are a nett contributor to their coffers and they will have to either find the money elsewhere or cut back on projects. Therefore they will negotiate hard to try to force our weak politicians to abandon Brexit

The EU do not want No Deal as they have a positive trade balance with us and would like that to continue. Also with No Deal they don’t get the £39 billion divorce settlement.

All our politicians need to do is hold their nerve and deliver on the referendum with or without a deal. If we leave without a deal negotiations will start almost immediately between Britain and the EU to achieve a trade arrangement, and this time it will be the EU under pressure from its member states to conclude a deal.

Also, does the Republic of Ireland want to re-join the UK? No. So they must be expected to be treated as a foreign country.

Brexit was voted by the MAJORITY of people who voted, that we leave the EU, regardless of whether we knew what we were voting for or not. For those who did not vote, shame, it might have changed the outcome it might not we will never know. The MP’s who should have been negotiating our withdrawal should ALL have been Brexiteers, instead of the chaos we now find ourselves in. I personally think our Prime Minister has shown great strength and determination to try and get a ‘deal’ that appealed to both camps, what a lost cause. I did and would still vote Leave!

We live in strange times:
1) Cameron agreed to the referendum only because he thought it would never happen.
2) The best possible deal for the UK is to remain, all other possibilities have a worse outcome. http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/brexit/2018/11/26/staying-in-the-eu-would-not-be-perfect-but-its-the-best-deal-on-offer/
3) If the EU needs fixing the best place to do this is from within, not running away!
4) The EU is the world’s largest trading block, it can command the best trade deals, the UK alone will be walked all over.
Now we know the truth and some detail, we need to vote again on this. Another referendum please!

The way I see this is that the government should have the guts to stand up and say “We know what is best for the country and staying in the EU is what we are going to do” All those Brexit voters were giving a view of what they wanted in terms of getting rid of the present government and immigrants. The government must do what is right for the country and forget about their political careers; that’s what they are all scared off. The people who did not vote mostly thought that nothing would happen or change and now the country is suffering for it! This is an important issue that could be very bad for the UK for many years. Any new trade deals could take five to ten years to complete outside the EU as well as with them to get the trust back!

Hmmm. We had a referendum. It had an unexpected result. In my view, it was run on the expectation that the ‘politically uneducated’ would not bother to vote, and the result would be an endorsement for remaining in the EU. Unfortunately, the ‘politically uneducated’ were :
1) either not politically uneducated (and were fully aware of the pro-privatisation neo-liberal economics agenda of the EU, it’s subversion of democracy in Greece and ruination of that country for the benefit mainly of German banks, it’s promotion of the TTIP treaty that hands power to corporations to sue countries for perceived “lost profits”, the undemocratic nature of the ruling EU appointed commissioners etc and a host of other geo-political positions in support of global elites and global hegemonic power)
2) taking the opportunity to give the London based “ruling elites” (who have done very nicely out of Neo-liberal policies, free movement of capital and the EU pro-privatisation attitude to feather their own nests at the expense of and by ignoring the effects on most of the rest of the country) a kicking to the sensitive areas irrespective of what was said one way or the other.
So – we had the vote, it’s done. This government have had OVER 2 years to sort it out. If I took this long to sort out stuff in my area of work I’d be sacked and replaced within months if not weeks.
Which, in my view, is what should now happen. And I think the young of this country might just deliver that second shock to the Established Order, given the chance…..
I await with interest!

I will be glad when we are out and can get on with things.
WTO is fine, my company uses it daily with no issue.
Sick to death of this scaremongering rubbish in the media.
Whatever your political stand point, we cannot and should not remain in the EU, it’s a matter of principle, the vote was taken, decision was made.
The Government must complete the exit, or we no longer live in a democracy.
The political ramifications are enormous if they do not.
Quite simple really.

Dopes the increasingly beleaguered PM really think she can re-open negotiations? A deal was struck. What this has all exposed is that there was no detail thinking about what sort of Brexit would be acceptable. The current melt down in parliament has exposed some major fault lines in the whole arcane structures of governance that need to be addressed. We are not a modern democracy at all. It is built on C17 structures. A written constitution might also be a good idea plus a none of the above option on ballot papers and secret voting within parliament. The current anaesthetic blanket that is Brexit is stopping domestic issues being addressed and resolved. The electorate will extract a savage revenge on the current administration and others for the present fiasco.

In the meantime the rest of the EU is getting sick and tired of the UK.
Make a decision, stick to it. But accept the consequences … hope there will be NO new negotiations.

Europe started the EU movement for solid reasons:
internal cooperation and improvement, external a political powerblock.
Anyone remember Europe around 1900 to 1950 …. going from the World leaders to those shitters between US and USSR and later China. Soon India will follow suit.

The isolation politics are running up these last few years. Not just in UK. I think mostly on false premises (us & them thinking). I don’t see the gain in it.
EU without UK is a loss, but worse for UK I think. You will become insignificant in the International theatre.
UK’s industry thrives because of the International market. What happens if you pull the plug, a lot of trade will turn to East Europe, they don’t make a hassle.

Ireland will loose big time as well, a lot of their trade goes via Northern Ireland. They will only have the option for either long waiting lines or to purchase a bunch of ferries to France. Somehow I don’t think they will be too happy about that.

I agree but, unfortunately we decided to leave and drag Scotland and N. Ireland, against their will, with us. Hope they know what they are doing but I doubt it.
I’m fortunate, I have dual nationality (English / Irish) so can still live and work in Europe should I want to.

We did make a decision, we voted to leave. The Government said it would respect the result. IT lied.

Sorry that the British politicians are causing you so much trouble, but it is even worse for us seeing our democracy torn to shreds by people who took part in the vote then decided it wasn’t legitimate after they found they lost.

What’s very clear from this whole sorry mess is that delay and uncertainty is causing more damage to the country than anything else. The markets are up and down, though mostly down, employers are losing work and shedding workers, foreign companies are losing confidence and the government is paralyzed unable to do anything other than act like headless chickens.
We need a decisive breakpoint so that all the indecision and uncertainty can stop and we can start to rebuild and move forward. Any extensions to Brexit is going to cause more damage than a decisive, firm exit in March – regardless of deal or no deal. Let’s just stop this madness and move on.

Agreed that the uncertainty is damaging. But the idea that a no-deal exit will be less damaging is pure speculation and not borne out by any the warnings made by industry, or indeed pretty much every other area of the UK economy. Be careful what you wish for!

Jon, I would also classify warning made by industry and others as speculative since they are based on their speculations about what ‘could’ happen. And, not to mention that these so called ‘experts’ do have a very vested interest !
A ‘no deal’ exit would at least put a stake in the ground and allow us to move forward. An extension will lead to more chaos, more job losses and more pain for industry and the financial markets – that’s borne out by what’s happened over the last few years, we don’t need or want more of that. Exiting with a deal would be good, but our incompetent leaders have been unable to achieve that over the last couple of years so I don’t see that situation changing over the next eight weeks.

It’s not about each detail; it’s the big picture and that is;
The Brits consider themselves a breed apart; previous rulers of the globe, where the whole atlas was pink, the ‘Empire”. This, for a short period, was true; but it is not now, and they can’t or wont accept it. The alignment of vastly different peoples to hold common standards is of course difficult and not achievable over night, but to cast off a market of 660 million on your doorstep because its not easy is simply pathetic. Roll your collective sleeves up and make it work. The stupidity is hard to watch.

Historical stereotypes are not a good basis for defining a people. The British people gained very little from Empire days and most of us owe our modern level of prosperity to the societal changes brought about by two European wars that led to a large re-distribution of the country’s wealth. When we joined the Common Market it was a trade group: it is now being changed into a United States of Europe, which was not what at least 54% of the UK wants.

1) either not politically uneducated (and were fully aware of the pro-privatisation neo-liberal economics agenda of the EU, it’s subversion of democracy in Greece and ruination of that country for the benefit mainly of German banks,

I’d just like to pick you up on this point.

So the Greek economy was doing very nicely with a huge trade surplus, where everyone paid their taxes, zero corruption, and they were awash with money right? Er, no.

If the EU and specifically, Germany and German banks, had not have stepped in to bale out Greece then the country would have either had to pull out of the Euro, or gone down the pan hole. At the end of the day the problem was created by bad government in Greece and the country had a choice to make to get itself out the of the hole. They made a choice that put them in hock to German banks, and in the long run probably saving them a lot of pain. You can’t blame Germany and German Banks for wanting to protect their interests in their investement in the country.

After all, you wouldn’t lend your mate a tenner and then be happy if he were to go down the bookies and blow it all on a losing horse would you?

Here here, to all the people advocating a 2nd referendum, what presedent does that set? I imagine after every future general election we would have ‘2nd general elections’ every couple of years just to ‘double check’. Please.

This is quite literally what happens in a democracy. There was almost exactly two years between the Cameron-led general election in 2015 and the snap election called by Theresa May in 2017.

The original (“First”) referendum was in the 70s, and the “Brexiters” (who did not like the result) have been demanding a “Second” referendum since then.

So I’m not sure that demanding a “Third” referendum, now that we have a much better understanding of the implications of leaving, is so “undemocratic”, otherwise, the “Second” referendum (in 2016) was equally “undemocratic” ….

Anyone complaining about the “unexpected” vote to Leave the EU should try looking further than the end of their nose and think about the cause of it.

The result was largely nothing to do with Immigration, lies, misinformation or because the Brits think “they are a breed apart”. The real reason was because of how frustrated and annoyed people are with the Westminster government (Torys & Labour), the status-quo, lack of investment in a number of areas and the fact they feel they’re ignored – simply look at a map of who voted leave in a Majority.

Saying that people who voted Leave are uneducated & stupid does nothing but put their back up and further entrench their views of what they perceive as the remainer elitists!

While No Deal is certainly the worst outcome, at least we know what to expect up to a certain point and actually start looking forward.