1805 – 1848 H.H. Muhammad ‘Ali Pasha (Muhammad ‘Ali the Great), Vali of Egypt, Nubia, Darfur, Kordofan and Sennar, of Crete, Damascus, Tripoli (Lebanon), Syria, Safed, Sidon, Beirut, and Aleppo, Mutasharrif of the Sanjaks of Jerusalem, Nablus, Cania and Retimo. b. at Kavala, Macedonia, before 8th April 1769, sixteenth child of Ibrahim Agha, sometime cdt. of the fortress guarding Kavala Pass, by his wife, Zainab, daughter of Husain Agha, educ. privately. Appointed as Yol Agassi in succession to his father, prom Bulukbashi and coy. cdr. 1791, second-in-cmnd. Albanian contingent sent against Bonaparte in Egypt 1799, landed at Aboukir 14th July 1799, prom Bimbashi (Maj) 1800, Saréchesme (Brig. or Col.) of the Albanian contingent 1801-1804, Governor of Jirja 1804-1805. Invested with the title of Pasha and appointed as Governor of Jeddah, 10th May 1805. Elected and invested at Bayt al-Qadi as Vali (Governor) of Egypt by the Grand Council of Cairo, 13th May 1805 (confirmed by the ulema 8th June 1805). Confirmed by Imperial Ottoman Firman and prom to Pasha of three horse tails 9th July 1805. Formally invested on behalf of the Sultan, at Azbakiya, Cairo, 23rd March 1806. He defeated and masacred the mamluks at the Cairo Citadel 1st March 1811, thereby consolidating his control over Egypt. Conquered the Sudan in 1822-23 and occupied Syria 1831-39. Appointed as Governor of Crete 1823, and Pasha of Acre 16th January 1824. Recognised by the Sultan of Turkey as Vali of Damascus, Tripoli (Lebanon), Syria, Safed, Sidon, Beirut, and Aleppo, Mutasharrif of the Sanjaks of Jerusalem, Nablus, Cania and Retimo 15th April 1833. Confirmed in the hereditary (primogeniture to the eldest male) Pashalik of Egypt, Nubia, Darfur, Kordofan and Sennar by Imperial Ottoman Firman 13th February 1841 (confirmed anew 1st June 1841). Resigned in favour of his eldest son when he became incapacitated, 1st September 1848. Field Marshal, Imperial Ottoman Army 25/6/1832. Hon Mbr Royal Asiatic Soc of GB. Rcvd: the Order of the August Portrait (Tasvir-iHumayunNishani), and the Order of Glory (AtiqNishan-i-Iftikhar) 1st class of Turkey, and GC of the Order of the Legion of Honour of France. m. (first) at Kavala, Macedonia, 1787, Amina Khanum Effendimiz (b. at Nusretli, 1770; d. at the Citadel, Cairo, 1824, bur. there at the Hosh al-Basha, Imam al-Shafi’i), widow of ‘Ali Bey Serezli, and daughter of Major ‘Ali Agha, of Nusretli, a near relation of Khalil Ahmad Agha, Governor of Drama. m. (second) Shams uz-Zafar Khanum (d. at Kasr al-Nil, near Bulaq, 1846), a former Georgain slave who bore four children (all died young). m. (third) Nuraj Khanum, a former Georgian slave, who had no children. m. (fourth) Shams-i-Nur Khanum (d. 1863, bur. Fenayi Cemetery, Scutari), a former Circassian slave previously styled Selwy Kalfa who became principal lady of the harem with the title of Khanum 1824. m. (fifth) Zépha Khanum [Um Iskander], a former Georgian slave previously styled Zépha Kalfa, subsequently raised to the status of fourth wife ca 1840. m. (sixth) Mah-Duran Khanum Effendi (d.s.p. at the Palace of Shubra, Cairo, Egypt, 1880). m. (a) Jilfidan Kadin (d. 1813). m. (b) Qamar Kadin (d.1868). m. (c) Mumtaz Kadin (d. 9th February 1868), a former Russian slave previously styled Manthas Kalfa. m. (d) Pakiza Kadin. m. (e) Shan Shachar Kalfa, a former Circassian slave, who had one son. m. (f) Mahivash Kadin (d. 1856). m. (g) Namshaz Kadin (b. ca. 1798; d. at Istanbul, Turkey, 1864), a former slave previously styled Zeccha Kalfa. m. (h) Nur-i-Sham Kadin (d. 1869), a Circassian. m. (i) Naila Kadin. m. (j) Sania Shah Kadin [Um Nu’man] (d. 1816). m. (k) Khadija Ziba Kadin (d. 1878), a Circassian. m. (l) Ain ul-Hayat Khanum (d. 1849), raised to the courtesy title of Khanum, a former slave previously styled Sham Pazand [Schan Pezent] Kalfa, originally from Abassa, Georgia. He d. at Moharrem Bey, near Alexandria, 2nd August 1849 (bur. at the Mosque of Muhammad ‘Ali al-Kabir, the Citadel, Cairo), having had issue, nineteen sons and thirteen daughters:

3) Lieutenant-General H.H. Prince Ismail Iskander ‘Ali Kamil Pasha. b. at Kavala, before 6th July 1796 (s/o Amina KhanumEffendimiz). Presented the Sultan of Turkey with the Keys to Mecca on his father’s behalf 1813, raised to the rank of MîrmîranPasha with two horse-tails 18th August 1810, C-inC of an exped to the Sudan 1820-1822. m. at Azbakiya, Cairo, 22nd September 1813 (nikah) and 6th January 1814 (zifaf), Fatimat uz-Zahra Galin Khanum (d. 5th June 1858), instrumental in persuading the Sultan of Turkey to settle the hereditary succession on the family of Muhammad ‘Ali in 1841, and in representing Egyptian interests generally for which she was popularly styled “Misirli Hanim”, daughter of H.E. Muhammad Arif Pasha, sometime Mbr Council for Interior Affairs (Majlis-al-Ahkam) and Governor of Cangiri, and grand daughter of H.H. Khalil Hamid Pasha, sometime Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. He was k. (burned alive in his sleeping quarters), by Nimr Muhammad Nimr, at Shindi, Sudan, 5th November 1822 (bur. Hosh al-Basha, Imam al-Shafi’i, Cairo), having had issue, an only son:

a) General H.H. Prince Muhammad Sa’id Halim Pasha. b. at the Palace of Shubra, Cairo, Egypt, 19th February 1864 (s/o Vijdan Khanum), educ. Univ of Lausanne, Switzerland. Granted the personal title of MîrmîranPasha together with the rank of Lieut-Gen Imperial Ottoman Army 13/5/1888, Mbr Cttee of Union & Progress, prom Gen with the rank of Rûmeli beylerbeyisi 23/9/1900, Counsellor of State 1912-1913, Minister for Foreign Affairs 1913-1915, and Grand Vizier 1913-1917. Rcvd: the Exalted Order of Honour (Nishan-i-Ali-Imtiaz) (1913), the Imperial Orders of the the Nobility (Nishan-i-Majidieh) special class in brilliants (25.11.1899, 2nd class 13.5.1888), and the Osmans (Nishan-i-Osmanieh) 1st class (22.4.1892, 2nd class 23.2.1889), and the Medals of Distinction (ImtiyazMadalyasi), and Merit (LiaqatMadalyasi) of Turkey medals, etc, Knt of the Order of the Black Eagle of Prussia (8.11.1915), GC of the Orders of Red Eagle 1st class of Prussia (8.11.1915), National Merit of Bulgaria, Leopold of Austria, etc. m. (first) at Yeniköy, Bosphorus, Turkey, 1895, H.H. Princess Amina Inji Khanum (b. at Istanbul, Turkey, 3rd January 1876; d. at Yeniköy, Bosphorus, 31st May 1915), second daughter of Lieutenant-General H.H. Prince Muhammad Tusun Pasha, by his wife, Pashashat-Nur KhanumEffendi. m. (second) 1916, Nazli Khanum. He was k. (assassinated by agents of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation) at Rome, Italy, 6th December 1921 (bur. Fenâyî Mausoleum, Scutari), having had issue, two sons by his first wife:

i) Nabila Nasiba Vijdan Nishina Khanum. b. at Istanbul, Turkey, 31st March 1897. Granted the title of Nabila 21st June 1922. m. at Heybeli, Istanbul, 20th January 1920 (nikah) and at Halki, 12th May 1921 (zifaf), Colonel Naji Hilmi Bey (b. 17th March 1887; d. 21st March 1956), son of ‘Ali Morali Bey and grandson of Grand Admiral H.E. Morali Ibrahim Pasha, sometime Ottoman Minister for the Navy. She d. at Istanbul, Turkey, 4th February 1966 (bur. there at the Sahray-i-Cedid), having had issue, one son and one daughter.

v) Nabila Ni’matu’llah Khanum. b. at Halki, Turkey, 10th July 1908. Granted the title of Nabila 21st June 1922. m. at Istanbul, Turkey, 27th August 1931, Ahmad Bey Celâloglu, younger son of H.E. Muhammad ‘Ali Jalal Pasha, by his second wife, H.H. Princess Iffat Khanum Effendi, second daughter of Field Marshal H.H. Prince Hasan Ismail Pasha, sometime Minister for War and High Commissioner for the Sudan.

i) H.H. Prince ‘Abbas Halim Bey. b. at Alexandria, Egypt, 9th October 1897 (s/o Princess Ulfat
Khadija), educ. Coll Saint Marc, Alexandria, Royal Prussian Military Preparatory Coll, Potsdam, and the Main Cadet Sch, Gross-Lichterfelde, Berlin, Germany. Cmsnd into the Prussian Army as 2nd-Lieut 3rd Regt of Uhlans of the Guard 1913, transf Imperial German Air Force 1914, served in the Great War 1914-1917 (wounded four times), GSO to FM von Mackensen in Rumania 1915, attached Jagdstaffel 27 Hermann Göring 1917, transf Ottoman Army Air Corps 1917, retd 1918, returned to Egypt 1924, Leader Egyptian Olympic Delegation to Paris 1924. Attended the Nazi Party Congress at Nuremberg 1938, for which he was interned in Cairo during WW2. Supreme Presdt Cairo Tramway Workers’ Union 1939. Presdt The Royal Automobile Club of Egypt (RACE) and Royal Aero Club of Egypt until 1930, National Fdn of Trade Unions 1930-1936, Cttee to Organize the Workers’ Movement 1937-1939, the Red Star Club, Club Olympique Egyptien, Touring Club of Egypt (TCE), Egyptian Bridge Fed, etc. Patron Muhammad Ali Club. Agent Egyptian Olympic Cttee 1938-1946 & 1949-1952. Life Mbr National Sports Cttee, and Féd Egyptien de Billard. Granted the title of Nabil 21st June 1922, but was deprived of his rank 11th October 1930. Thereafter styled ‘Abbas Halim Effendi until restored to his titles, 4th June 1936. Succeeded his father in the title of Prince and style of HisHighness, 24th September 1951. Rcvd: the Imperial Order of the Nobility (Nishan-i-Majidieh) 1st class, Turkish War Star, the Order of the Red Eagle 2nd class, Knt of the Order of the Iron Cross 2nd class of Prussia, German War Cross, etc. m. (first) 1923, Jessica Delma Maria [Princess Abbas Halim] (b. 1897; k. in a tragic shooting accident at Alexandria, Egypt, 24th August 1923), former wife of (Sahib ul-Izza) Muhammad Jamal ud-din Sirri Bey, OBE, and previously of Captain Arthur Evelyn Paul Ellis, MBE, late Rifle Bde, younger daughter of James Harcourt Harrington, Esq, of Selehunt, Sussex, by his wife, Elizabeth Susannah, née Hipkins. m. (second) at Alexandria, Egypt, 6th September 1925 (div. at Cairo, Egypt, 1948) Tawhida Khanum (b. at Cairo, Egypt, 11th April 1901; m. third, summer 1949 (div. at Washington DC, USA, November 1958), Captain Frank Howard Rediker, US Army retd, and d. at Lausanne, Switzerland, 20th October 1973), assumed the name of Tawhida Midhat Halim after her divorce from her third husband when naturalized as a US citizen December 1958, formerly wife of (Sahib ul-Izza) Muhammad Azim Bey, and daughter of H.E. (Sahib ul-Ma’ali) Ahmad Midhat Yeghen Pasha, sometime Minister for Agriculture, Charitable Endowments & Foreign Affairs, by his first wife, Vahida Khanum, youngest daughter of Field Marshal H.E. (Sahib us-Sa’ada) Yahya Mansur Yeghen Pasha. m. (third) at Cairo 1955, H.H. Princess Nafia Khanum Effendi (b. at Cairo, Egypt, 1st May 1905 or 1913), former wife of H.I.H. Prince Muhammad Orkhan Effendi, 42nd Head of the Imperial House of Osman, and eldest daughter of (Sahib ul-Izza) ‘Ali Riza Yeghen Bey, by his wife, Nimat Khanum, eldest daughter of H.E. (Sahib us-Sa’ada) Saleh Rushdi Yeghen Pasha. He d. at Cairo, Egypt, 6th July 1972 (bur. there at the Halim Mausoleum, Imam al-Shafi’i), having had issue, one son and two daughters:

(1) Nabila Pakiza Nevine [Princess Nevine Abbas Halim]. b. at Alexandria, Egypt, 30th June 1930 (d/o Tawhida), educ. The English Sch, Heliopolis, the American Univ of Cairo (AUC) (BA 1953), and the Tiegerman Conservatory, Cairo. Granted the title of Nabila, April 1938. Settled in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1961, where she worked as a secretary and translator before finally returning to Alexandria in 1971. Now resides partly in Lausanne and partly in Alexandria. Author of “Dairies of an Egyptian Princess: Nevine Abbas Halim” (2009). m. at Alexandria, Egypt, August 1952 (div.) Salah al-Arabi.

(2) Nabila Ulviya Ulfat [Princess Ülviyeh Abbas Halim]. b. at Cairo, Egypt, 7th November 1933 (d/o Tawhida). Granted the title of Nabil, April 1938. Settled in Italy after the revolution before returning to Alexandria in 1972. m. (first) at Alexandria, Egypt, February 1952, (div.) Shahriar Orkhan Ratib Effendi (m. second, Catherine Miniconi, and had one son), son of (Sahib ul-Izza) Daud Ratib Bey, by his wife, Azia Khanum, eldest daughter of (Sahib ul-Izza) Ahmad Midhat ‘Abbas Yeghen Bey. m. (second) Arturo Ruchio Scaramella, a gentleman of Italian origin from Naples, who assumed the name of Ahmad al-Mahdi bin ‘Abdu’llah on converting to Islam. She d. at Schutz, Alexandria, 19th May 2006 (bur. Cairo), having had issue, one son and one daughter, by her second husband: