The first observation that truly galvanized my interest occurred when, having injected RNA targeting apx-1, a gene essential for embryogenesis, I observed by chance that some embryos hatched and matured to adulthood only to produce 100% apx-1 dead embryos.

I have no solutions to the difficult problems pointed to by scientists who are skeptical of universal common descent: ORFan genes, nonstandard genetic codes, different routes of embryogenesis by similar organisms, and so on.

It can be likened to the concept of the morphogenetic field in developmental biology: the morphogenetic field directs and contains the information needed for the sequential development of the fertilized egg into a fully grown organism embryogenesis.

The nerves, muscles, blood vessels, ligaments and skin are all inherently plastic and adaptable enough to stretch and accommodate the longer bone during embryogenesis and thus, as a team, develop into a notably, even globally, transformed limb with just a single mutation at its base.