About

From its office in Clayton, Missouri, Danna McKitrick, P.C., delivers legal representation to new and growing businesses, financial institutions, non-profit and government-related entities, business owners, individuals, and families throughout the greater St. Louis region and the Midwest.

Danna McKitrick attorneys practice across many areas of law, both industry- and service-oriented.

A recent turn of events in a San Francisco neighborhood should prompt you and your entity to confirm that your contact information is up-to-date. As reported by the San Francisco Chronicle, residents of a private street, lined with multi-million dollar homes, recently learned that their street had been purchased by real estate investors at a tax sale after the homeowner’s association failed to pay its annual $14 property tax bill for several decades. The association claimed it was unaware of its tax obligations because the county tax bills were apparently sent to the address of a former accountant who hadn’t worked for the homeowners since the 1980s. The residents have filed a lawsuit seeking to undo the tax sale and while their success in that endeavor is uncertain, two things are certainly true—this was a costly and completely avoidable mistake.

While it is prudent to review all of your entity’s contact information to make sure creditors, vendors, and others can easily and consistently communicate with your entity, there are two specific records that are critically important—the contact information of your registered agent and the mailing address for your local real estate taxes. Continue reading »

Part 4 of a12-part series on Legal Considerations for Your Missouri Leasing Business: What You Should Consider Now, Later, and Throughout the Process

Simply put, every company should have an agreed-upon, written set of rules identifying how the company is to be run and by whom. The names for these sets of rules vary depending upon the type of entity you have, e.g. operating agreements, partnership agreements, and shareholder agreements, but they are generally known as the company’s governing documents.

Common issues described and controlled by these governing documents include:

Ownership structure of the company including the source and amount of owner contributions)

Capital contributions and division of profits and losses

Roles and restrictions of the owners in managing the company

Decision-making process for the company including notice and voting procedures

How and where the company’s books and records will be kept

Policy regarding transfer of owner interests

Dispute resolution

Wind up and dissolution of the company

Additionally, if certain owners make special agreements with the company, including arrangements for the company to use an owner’s vehicles, tools, or other personal property, the nature and scope of those arrangements should be stated in a written, signed agreement. This helps avoid confusion as to the extent of company assets and observance of corporate formalities. Continue reading »

Part 3 of a12-part series on Legal Considerations for Your Missouri Leasing Business: What You Should Consider Now, Later, and Throughout the Process

With tax season upon us, we thought it particularly appropriate to outline the basics of how the entities outlined in Part Two are generally taxed on their profits and losses.

Limited Partnerships

Income, expenses, and losses of limited partnerships pass through the entity to the partners and are reported on their respective individual tax returns according to their proportionate interest in the partnership. The partnership pays no income tax itself, but is required to file an annual informational tax return.

Corporations

Corporations that have not made an election to be taxed under subchapter S of the Internal Revenue Code, on the other hand, do not have such “pass through” status and are required to pay their own taxes on profits. As such, they are required to file their own tax returns separately from their shareholders. Because of this additional layer of tax, shareholders end up being taxed twice on income – once initially on the corporation’s profit and then again when dividends are distributed.

Limited Liability Companies

Limited liability companies are not taxed themselves and profits and losses pass through to their members. Members report profits and losses on their individual returns in the same manner as the limited partnerships above. Although the limited liability company itself is not taxed, it is still required to file an informational return. Continue reading »

If a married couple files a joint federal income tax return, both spouses are jointly and severally liable for the full amount of federal income tax liability for that tax year. Joint and several liability means the Internal Revenue Service can collect the full amount of income tax from either or both spouses, regardless of whether the income tax liability is attributable to the separate income of only one spouse. A divorce does not prevent the IRS from collecting the entire unpaid income tax liability from either of the spouses. Under certain circumstances, a spouse may obtain relief from joint and several tax liability by timely filing Form 8857 and proving a claim for innocent spouse relief, separate liability or equitable relief.

By contrast, a married taxpayer who files a combined Missouri income tax return is liable only for the amount of Missouri income tax liability attributable to his or her own income. A taxpayer’s separate income includes his or her earned income such as wages, income from his or her own separately owned property, and his or her portion of income from jointly owned property, such as interest from a jointly owned financial account.

Missouri law requires a married couple who files a joint federal income tax return to file a combined Missouri income return. The income of each spouse is reported separately on the combined return. The Missouri tax due on each spouse’s income is separately determined and then added together and reported on the return.

However, in assessing unpaid income tax liability, the Missouri Department of Revenue does not track which spouse’s income gave rise to the liability. Instead, in practice the Missouri Department of Revenue assesses the entire income tax liability against each spouse, even if the tax liability is only attributable to the income of one spouse. Continue reading »

Married couples in Missouri who file joint federal tax returns, including those not recognized as married by the state but recognized as married in other states, must also now file jointly in the state of Missouri.

Almost every expert out there is weighing in on the legal implications of last month’s Supreme Court decision striking down the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA). Unfortunately, the IRS has not issued guidance regarding how married couples treat income in states that do not recognize their marriage, whether the IRS will allow income tax returns to be amended for the previous three years, or whether the IRS will allow married couples to file as married in states that do not recognize the marriage.

While IRS guidance is likely on the way, affected couples may have to sort through a confusing minefield of regulations for some time yet.

Part of a series on issues related to Manufacturers, Distributors and International Trade

A major change involving subpoenas to non-parties has hit the business world in the state of Missouri.

A new amendment to the Missouri Supreme Court Rules now requires non-party record custodians to physically appear at deposition to produce subpoenaed items, unless all parties to the litigation have agreed that the subpoenaed party may produce the items without appearing.

The amendment changes the prevailing practice where parties send out subpoenas to third parties with a letter explaining that they will be excused from appearing at deposition if they produce the requested items along with what is known as a business records affidavit.

Rule 57.09, as amended, now requires parties to first obtain consent from all other parties to the litigation before a subpoenaed witness may produce documents without attending the deposition. This agreement must be communicated to the witness in writing. Absent this agreement, a witness must appear to produce subpoenaed items at deposition.

What does this mean to you? If you receive a subpoena, you may only produce the documents to the party serving the subpoena without appearing at deposition if that party represents to you in writing (e.g., in a letter) that all other parties have consented to production of the docume

nts without need for you to appear at the deposition. Such a letter should protect you from allegations that you improperly produced records by mail, instead of bringing the documents to the deposition. You do not need to see the actual agreement. If you have any questions as to whether you can simply mail the documents, instead of appearing at deposition, you should either call your attorney for advice or simply wait and bring the documents at the time and place designated in the subpoena.

Many individuals establish LLCs and then operate a business as if it was an extension of themselves, commingling funds and not following proper formalities. A recent Tax Court decision provides a sobering realization for individuals who fail to properly title their assets and follow the required formalities. In this case, the court found that a taxpayer’s purchase of an RV did not increase the amount he had at-risk in the LLC because he could not show the LLC owned or used the RV. As a result, deductions he had taken based upon that amount at-risk were disallowed by the IRS.

In Estate of Roberts v. CIR, the taxpayer had established an LLC to lease equipment to his S corporation. He lent money to the LLC, which issued him a promissory note in that amount. With the proceeds of the loan, the LLC purchased an RV. However, there were several issues with the RV’s ownership and use. Even though the RV was titled in the name of CTI Leasing, it was not titled in the name “CTI Leasing, LLC,” the company’s legal name. The EIN on the car title belonged to his S corporation. The RV was not on the LLC’s depreciation schedule. The taxpayer used the RV for his own purposes. Lastly, there was no record that the LLC ever used the RV, because there was no written lease between the LLC and the S corporation concerning the RV.

As a result, the IRS concluded, and the Tax Court confirmed, there was no evidence that the LLC owned the RV or used it. Because the taxpayer could not show that the LLC owned or used the RV, the taxpayer was unable to claim tax deductions based upon the LLC’s capital at-risk in connection with the RV.

There are a few items to take away from this case:

You should always properly title your corporate assets and use the corporate title LLC, Corp., or Inc., as the case may be.

If you have multiple business entities, you must keep assets of each entity separate from other assets. If you lease an asset among entities, you must have a proper lease in writing executed by both entities.

It would be much cheaper for the taxpayer to seek the guidance of an accountant or attorney when completing these transactions than suing the IRS in Tax Court for the disallowed tax deductions.

These days, with Legal Zoom and other ready-to-order LLCs, people are buying assets and operating businesses without knowing the consequences of their actions. Before you enter into large transactions, it is important to understand the formalities that must be followed in order to receive the intended tax consequences.

Part of a series on issues related to Manufacturers, Distributors and International Trade

There is an increasingly wide divide between Democrats and Republicans on a multitude of issues. However, both parties agree that exports are a key to economic growth.

Last year, President Obama announced his goal to double U.S. exports by 2015, and Republican leaders indicated their desire to work with the President to expand trade to key allies. To encourage exports, the President issued a National Export Initiative that focuses on helping small to mid-sized U.S. businesses export their products and services.

The extension of the qualified dividend rates through 2012 also provides U.S. exporters with the opportunity to save taxes by establishing an Interest-Charge Domestic International Sales Corporation (IC-DISC).

Yet many export companies that could benefit from the tax savings of an IC-DISC fail to do so. According to some estimates, only about 6,000 businesses–a small portion of those that qualify—take advantage of the tax savings of an IC-DISC.

Capitalizing on these tax savings could give Missouri export companies a leg up on their competition. A key to increasing profitability is working smarter not just harder. Less taxes means more money that can be injected into the business to fuel growth and increase profitability.

Candidates for an IC-DISC

Privately held C-Corporations and pass through entities, such as S-Corporations, partnerships and LLCs, that could benefit from the tax savings of an IC-DISC include:

Manufacturers and distributors of U.S. manufactured products with more than 50% U.S. content and a destination outside of the U.S.,

Architectural and engineering firms with projects outside of the U.S.,

Software developers of computer software that is licensed for reproduction outside of the U.S.,

Agricultural and mineral producers that export products outside the United States, and

Lessors of new or used U.S. made products to third parties for use outside of the U.S.

The IRS has published guidelines for domestic partners in community property states and same-sex spouses in California.

Each year, many LGBT couples must complete two separate and completely different tax returns. For states recognizing same-sex marriage or allowing the registration of domestic partners, the couple may be able to file jointly for their state tax return. Then, due to the provisions of the federal Defense of Marriage Act, the couple must individually complete separate federal tax returns.

The IRS guidelines help with couples in which an individual may be eligible for head of household status and clarify that each member of the couple must file a separate tax return.