Babette teaches a weekly class to elderly people
on correct posture. Jack comments that we as a culture use good grooming as a
means to ward off death.

Most of this chapter takes place at their home in
the evening. Jack and Babette are reading odd sex books and someone in the other
room has turned on the TV. This creates an odd interaction between narratives
and a discussion on the nature of erotic and sexual language. Jack asks what is
the thrill for those who write their imagined erotic experiences: is it the imagining
or the seeing it in print.

Notes

Jack’s comment about good grooming
signifies his belief that culture uses appearance to hide death; the line states
that want to appear in such a way as to avoid death. That is what culture seeks,
avoiding or masking death.

The second part of this chapter suggests that the
repression of sex by culture is a way to further repress death. If sex is repressed,
then what one finds first under the surface is not death, but sex. Unless one
knows to dig deeper under the surface, one will not discover that death underlies
the sex that underlies culture.

CHAPTER 8

Summary

This
chapter begins by revealing that the founder of Hitler Studies does not know German.
Jack hides this fact but even the students are required at least to have at least
one year of the language. Jack repeatedly tries to takes lessons but they never
seem to go anywhere. This time he is being tutored by a person, Howard Dunlop,
in Murray’s apartment. They notice the landlord is fixing things, and Murray states
that he is a bigot. Jack asks why, and Murray says because he can fix things.
Because of Murray’s image of fix-it men, he assumes that all fix-it men are bigots.
Further support for this is that fix-it men tend to drive panel trucks, which
is further evidence of bigotry.

The trash compactor adds to the background
noise of the house. Steffie states that the radio says they should boil their
water. Babette dismisses as faddish, like turning one’s wheels into the skid,
because the radio always says things like that. Without segue, Heinrich states
that neutrinos pass through the earth.

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Notes

Jack’s not knowing German reveals that he himself only has a
surface knowledge of Hitler. The entire enterprise, for Jack, is about hiding
and masking reality. Hitler studies is not about learning about Hitler, but about
avoiding death and reality.

Murray exposes one of the problems of surfaces,
they can be wrong and/or self-fulfilling. Murray assumes the fix-it man is a bigot
because that is how most fix-it men are portrayed. Murray has absorbed the same
superficial thinking that he seems to avoid at the supermarket.

The second
part of this chapter is one of the first sections that tries to write "white
noise." The noises and words that flow randomly through the house and are
caught by the novel. We are given information but some of it seems bogus and other
of it merely seems irrelevant.

CHAPTER 9

Summary

The grade
school is evacuated because the students are having unexpected reactions and a
teacher is falling on the ground and speaking foreign languages. People in Mylex
suits come in to see what is causing the problems, but then the Mylex itself is
questioned as being a "suspect material."

The family, minus Heinrich, go to
the supermarket where they see Murray. Jack states that he has seen Murray a the
supermarket as often as he has seen him at school. Jack notices the "packaging"
of everything, including the fruit. He adds that there is a lot of noise here.
Murray says that "everything is concealed in symbolism, hidden by veils of mystery
and layers of cultural material . . . Here we don't die, we shop." Murray adds
that what we know about people is often based upon products, not personal names
(i.e. "he drove an orange Mazda"). Wilder gets lost and ends up in another woman's
cart. Murray states that he is coming back next semester to teach a class on the
cinema of car crashes. Jack hears more noise and in it a rumor that one of the
men in the Mylex suits died while checking the school.

Notes

The
first of the chemical "disasters" occurs at the school. The school is evacuated,
not because of any particular threat, but because things that are considered not
normal are occurring. In order to monitor the situation, people are sent in dressed
in a material which itself may be worse than the event itself. We see the role
of misinformation and chaos in any scenario: is the cure worse than the disease?
If people do not act according to proscribed plans, is something necessarily wrong?

The novel returns to the supermarket and we meet Murray there again. We are
directed to notice the packaging and the "noise." Delillo is consciously creating
the supermarket as vital to the understanding of the novel: behind the layers
of packaging and in the waves of noise is "everything." Murray says that shopping
has become its own religion in America to the extent that shopping is a way to
deny death (if one is shopping, one is not dead).

CHAPTER 10

Summary

Babette and Steffie are debating the consequences of sugar-free gum or
regular gum with artificial colors or smoking. Steffie thinks Babette can do without
all three because each is said to cause certain problems. Babette really wants
to do all of them, which Denise suggests is fine because the only things that
are harmed are lab rats.

Heinrich is playing a game of mail-chess with a man
in prison. Jack asks him questions about the prisoner, and Heinrich tells him
that he killed six people from a rooftop because he heard voices on TV. The voices
on TV told him to go down in history; unfortunately, he killed people in a town
without a media outlet. Heinrich says that he now knows that he should have just
killed one famous person. Jack asks Heinrich if he wants to go visit his mother
in Montana, but he says that he cannot know: things are just chemical reactions
in the brain, so if there is a misfiring, then he may think the wrong thing.

Jack goes to the ATM and gets money. He feels immense relief, not from the money,
but from the fact that this machine responds to him and "validates" his existence.
The invisible system has recognized and authenticated him.

Notes

Babette
places herself in a position where she fears any action, including inaction. Too
much information leads her to believe that anything she eats, chews, or smokes
will be bad for her, and if she does nothing, that too is bad. Here we see the
problem of the excess of information that floods the average viewer: exhaustion
or frustration. Denise is another kind of viewer: the literal, naive viewer. According
to her, these products only cause problems for lab rats so Babette should not
worry since she is not a rat.

Heinrich's prisoner pen-pal blamed TV for his
murder spree; it was his way to be famous. The problem is no one was there to
broadcast it. This is the first of a number of media misses: the person involved
does not become famous because the event occurred in a city without media. Heinrich
states that his pen-pal now understands that to becomes famous by killing one
must kill a famous person.

Jack's validation by the ATM machine is further
support for the idea that an entire information system has been constructed and
it recognizes him. It knows how much money he does not have. Jack feels like he
is being guarded and valued as part of a system.