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What are hydraulic pumps ?

A hydraulic pump is a mechanical power source which converts mechanical power into hydraulic energy. A hydraulic pump does not create energy, but it converts energy into a form which can bet utilized by the hydraulic system. Although pumps come in various shapes and sizes with uniquely different pumping mechanisms, their sole purpose is to convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover ( eg. an electric motor) into hydraulic enerqy. They do this simply by pushing hydraulic fluid into the system

In most industrial hydraulic systems, the prime mover is an electric motor. The rotary motion of the prime mover creates a flow of fluid from the outlet of the pump.

Pump Classification

99 % of all hydraulic pumps fall into one of the three basic design classifications: gear, vane or piston pump

There are two types of displacement: a fixed displacement pump is a positive displacement design in which the amount of the displacement cannot be varied. At a given input RPM, the pump must deliver flow in an amount equivalent to its fixed displacement, on the other hand, a variable displacement is a type of pump which its displacement can be changed easily.

In general all three design classification are applicable to fixed displacement pumps. However only the vane or piston type can be used for variable displacement.

Basic Design

Gear pumps

A gear pump uses the meshing of gears to pump fluid by displacement. They are one of the most common types of pumps for hydraulic fluid power applications.

External gear pump

Volume is created between the gear ring profiles and housing walls

Constant displacement volume

Mobile applications

Relatively high pressure for low weight

Low cost

Internal gear pump

Volume is created between the gear ring profiles, housing walls and filling piece

Constant displacement volume

Low noise level

Industrial

Non-mobile hydraulics & electric forklifts

Ring gear pump

The rotor has one tooth less than on the inner stator. Planetary movement of the rotor.

Constant displacement

Screw pump

Instead of gears, the meshing of screws is used. The displacement chamber is formed between the threads of the screws and housing.

Constant displacement volume

Vane pumps & radial piston pumps

Single chamber vane pump

Constant/variable displacement pump

Double chamber vane pump

Constant/variable displacement pump

Radial piston pump – with eccentric cylinder block

High pressures

Industrial applications

Constant/variable displacement pump

Radial piston pump – with eccentric shaft

High pressures

Industrial applications

Constant/variable displacement pump

Axial piston pumps

Axial piston pump- bent axis design

Very good useable range of pressures and speeds

Constant/variable displacement pump

Industrial/mobile applications

Axial piston pump- swash plate design

Very good useable range of pressures and speeds

Constant/variable displacement pump

Industrial/mobile applications

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