2015-08-02T18:45:59ZExperience quality in the different phases of a tourist vacation: A case of Northern Norwayhttp://hdl.handle.net/2022/19121
Experience quality in the different phases of a tourist vacation: A case of Northern Norway
Prebensen, N.K.; Woo, E.; Chen, J.S.; Uysal, M.
The overall goal of this study is to explore the relative importance different groups of tourists give to the vacation experience phases (pretrip, en-route, and on-site experiences). By clustering the tourist by their motivation and subsequently testing the relative importance given to the various trip phases, the idea is to get new knowledge in terms of quality perceptions of the different phases of a journey, not only on-site experiences for different tourist segments. The tourist journey is divided into three phases: pretrip experience, en-route trip experience, and destination on-site experiences. Factor analysis of motivation items resulted in four groupings of motivation factors: "Personal enrichment," "Escape," "Socialization," and "Family togetherness." Cluster analysis based on factor scores of the motivation items identified two segments. Segment I included 161 respondents (28% of the sampled visitors); Segment II contained 418 (72% of the sampled visitors). The two motivation based segments were then examined and profiled with quality elements of the three trip phases, visitor's demographic, and behavior variables. The results show that tourists value the various phases of the journey differently based on their motivation to travel. The study results are discussed in terms practical implication for the tourism industry to enhance the total experience quality of a journey by including all the phases of a vacation trip.
2012-01-01T00:00:00ZSuccess counteracting tobacco company interference in Thailand: An example of FCTC implementation for low- and middle-income countrieshttp://hdl.handle.net/2022/19118
Success counteracting tobacco company interference in Thailand: An example of FCTC implementation for low- and middle-income countries
Charoenca, N.; Mock, J.; Kungskulniti, N.; Preechawong, S.; Kojetin, N.; Hamann, S.L.
Transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) interfere regularly in policymaking in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The WHO Framework Convention for Tobacco Control provides mechanisms and guidance for dealing with TTC interference, but many countries still face 'how to' challenges of implementation. For more than two decades, Thailand's public health community has been developing a system for identifying and counteracting strategies TTCs use to derail, delay and undermine tobacco control policymaking. Consequently, Thailand has already implemented most of the FCTC guidelines for counteracting TTC interference. In this study, our aims are to describe strategies TTCs have used in Thailand to interfere in policymaking, and to examine how the public health community in Thailand has counteracted TTC interference. We analyzed information reported by three groups with a stake in tobacco control policies: Thai tobacco control advocates, TTCs, and international tobacco control experts. To identify TTC viewpoints and strategies, we also extracted information from internal tobacco industry documents. We synthesized these data and identified six core strategies TTCs use to interfere in tobacco control policymaking: (1) doing business with 'two faces', (2) seeking to influence people in high places, (3) 'buying' advocates in grassroots organizations, (4) putting up a deceptive front, (5) intimidation, and (6) undermining controls on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. We present three case examples showing where TTCs have employed multiple interference strategies simultaneously, and showing how Thai tobacco control advocates have successfully counteracted those strategies by: (1) conducting vigilant surveillance, (2) excluding tobacco companies from policymaking, (3) restricting tobacco company sales, (4) sustaining pressure, and (5) dedicating resources to the effective enforcement of regulations. Policy implications from this study are that tobacco control advocates in LMICs may be able to develop countermeasures similar to those we identified in Thailand based on FCTC guidelines to limit TTC interference.
2012-01-01T00:00:00ZMARGARET SANGER, BIRTH CONTROL, AND THE EUGENICS MOVEMENTS: CHANGES IN HISTORIOGRAPHICAL INTERPRETATIONShttp://hdl.handle.net/2022/19058
MARGARET SANGER, BIRTH CONTROL, AND THE EUGENICS MOVEMENTS: CHANGES IN HISTORIOGRAPHICAL INTERPRETATIONS
Engs, Ruth Clifford
The eugenics movement was embraced by most middle class and professionals during the 1920s. Conflicting interpretations of Sanger, the leader of the birth control movement of the early twentieth century have been published over the past 50 years. Some historians have lauded her as a heroine who pushed through programs to allow women to have control of their own fertility. In opposition, others have discredited her as an evil villain who promoted negative eugenics among immigrant women. As eugenics became vilified in the post-WWII era, so did Sanger, who along with most public health reforms and professionals, were associated with the early 20th century eugenics movements. The changing historiography of the eugenics movement is likely an underlying factor in the changing interpretations of Sanger. Shifting, and contested views of Sanger and the eugenics movement are reflective of the times when the works were written along with the religious and other biases of the historian.
This paper is on the historiography of Margaret Sanger and the Eugenics Movement of the early 20th century. As the eugenics movement became demonized over the twentieth century, so did Sanger. A draft of a chapter: Engs, R. C. "EUGENICS, IMMIGRATION RESTRICTION AND THE BIRTH CONTROL MOVEMENTS." In: Katherine A.S. Sibley (ed.), A Companion to Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover. Wiley Online Library: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. is found at IUSholarworks Repository: http://hdl.handle.net/2022/19003; Other historical PUBLICATIONS and PAPERS including the origins of drinking patterns and attitudes in western Europe from antiquity and the influence of the Roman Empire, its continued influence on modern society including American Prohibition and temperance cycles, alcohol control policies, attitudes and beverage preferences due to religion, climate, and European homeland can be found at the following IUScholarWorks links: https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/17129/browse?type=title; https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/17132/browse?type=title; https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/17136/browse?type=title; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17452; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17143; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17139; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17145; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17148; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17149; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17484; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17485; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17590
2014-11-14T00:00:00ZEUGENICS, IMMIGRATION RESTRICTION AND THE BIRTH CONTROL MOVEMENTS(Chapt.- 16)http://hdl.handle.net/2022/19003
EUGENICS, IMMIGRATION RESTRICTION AND THE BIRTH CONTROL MOVEMENTS(Chapt.- 16)
Engs, Ruth Clifford
Agitation for eugenics, immigration restriction, and birth control were intertwined during the first decades of the twentieth century along with numerous other health issues. Campaigns for these causes led to public policies in an effort to improve the physical, mental and social health of the nation. However, these issues were not considered of historical interest until the post-World War II era. Eugenics and the leaders of the eugenics movement were often discredited by late twentieth-century historians as elitists or racists, while early immigration restriction laws and nativism gained renewed interest, and birth control and its early leaders such as Margaret Sanger were both eulogized and demonized. Contested interpretations of all three of these reform movements and their leaders have been found since the 1950s.
This chapter is one of 29 essays that discusses how academics, then and now, have addressed the political, economic, diplomatic, cultural, ethnic, and social history of the presidents of the Republican Era of 1921-1933 - Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover. The eugenics, birth control and immigration restriction movements, discussed in this chapter, were intertwined. The complete book is available at: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/book/10.1002/9781118834510; Other PUBLICATIONS and PAPERS on origins of drinking patterns and attitudes in western Europe from antiquity and the influence of the Roman Empire, its continued influence on modern society including American Prohibition and temperance cycles, alcohol control policies, attitudes and beverage preferences due to religion, climate, and European homeland can be found at the following IUScholarWorks links: https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/17129/browse?type=title; https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/17132/browse?type=title; https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/17136/browse?type=title; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17452; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17143; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17139; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17145; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17148; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17149; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17484; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17485; http://hdl.handle.net/2022/17590
2014-08-01T00:00:00Z