California's second snow survey this winter found the Sierra Nevada snowpack is far below normal after a dry, unusually warm January.

The survey on Thursday found a snowpack water equivalent of just 2.3 inches in the scant snowpack near Echo Summit.

It amounted to just 12 percent of the long-term average for this time of year at the snow course.

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The KCRA 3 First Alert weather team often shows Valley rain totals and compares them to previous years -- but the most important precipitation is in the Sierra, chief meteorologist Mark Finan said.

The Sierra snowpack is the biggest reservoir in the state. Meteorologists don't get as much data from the Sierra as we do for the Valley, but there is one reliable source on Donner Summit, and that's the Central Sierra Snow Lab -- a research facility run by UC Berkeley that studies meteorology, climate, snow, hydrology and many other topics.

The snowpack supplies about a third of the water needed by state residents, agriculture and industry. A higher snowpack translates to more water for California reservoirs to meet demand in summer and fall.

Frank Gehrke, chief of the California Cooperative Snow Surveys Program, said there were 7.1 inches of snow on the ground Thursday.

During the first winter snow survey on Dec. 30, there were 21.3 inches of snow on the ground after heavy storms.

"January did not bring any joy," Gehrke said. "In December at least we had some (snowfall) whereas in January we've had zilch. Clearly that is a big concern because as we move into the spring, the likelihood of storms drops off."

The National Weather Service said this month is likely to be one of the five driest Januarys on record for Northern California.

The latest survey makes it likely that the drought will run through a fourth consecutive year. Gov. Jerry Brown declared a drought emergency on Jan. 17, 2014.

Brown's office said the latest survey underlines the need for sustained water conservation.

"Today's snow survey is a stark reminder that California's drought is far from over," Evan Westrup, a spokesman for Brown, said in an emailed statement.

Water resources managers said heavy rain and cooler temperatures in the next three months would be required for the snowpack to build and give Californians hope for beginning to recover from the drought this year.

To possibly see an end to the drought, California would have to record precipitation that is at least 150 percent of normal by Sept. 30, state climatologist Michael Anderson has said.

The department and other agencies conduct manual snow surveys around the first of the month between January and May to check the accuracy of real-time electronic readings.

Statewide, the snow water equivalent as measured Thursday by more than 100 sensors was 25 percent of the historical average.

Last month, the statewide snow water equivalent was 50 percent of the long-term average for that date.