anxious not to impair in any way international agreements already in force and in particular in no way
to prejudice wider acceptance of the
Rome Convention
of October 26, 1961, which affords protection to performers and to broadcasting organizations as well as to producers
of phonograms;

Each Contracting State shall protect producers of phonograms who are nationals of other Contracting
States against the making of duplicates without the consent of the producer and against the importation of
such duplicates, provided that any such making or importation is for the purpose of distribution to the
public, and against the distribution of such duplicates to the public.

The means by which this Convention is implemented shall be a matter for the domestic law of each
Contracting State and shall include one or more of the following: protection by means of the grant of a
copyright or other specific right; protection by means of the law relating to unfair competition; protection by
means of penal sanctions.

The duration of the protection given shall be a matter for the domestic law of each Contracting State.
However, if the domestic law prescribes a specific duration for the protection, that duration shall not be less
than twenty years from the end either of the year in which the sounds embodied in the phonogram were first
fixed or of the year in which the phonogram was first published.

If, as a condition of protecting the producers of phonograms, a Contracting State, under its domestic
law, requires compliance with formalities, these shall be considered as fulfilled if all the authorized
duplicates of the phonogram distributed to the public or their containers bear a notice consisting of the
symbol (P), accompanied by the year date of the first publication, placed in such manner as to give
reasonable notice of claim of protection; and, if the duplicates or their containers do not identify the
producer, his successor in title or the exclusive licensee (by carrying his name, trademark or other
appropriate designation), the notice shall also include the name of the producer, his successor in title or the
exclusive licensee.

Any Contracting State which affords protection by means of copyright or other specific right, or
protection by means of penal sanctions, may in its domestic law provide, with regard to the protection of
producers of phonograms, the same kinds of limitations as are permitted with respect to the protection of
authors of literary and artistic works. However, no compulsory licenses may be permitted unless all of the
following conditions are met:

(a) the duplication is for use solely for the purpose of teaching or scientific research;

(b) the license shall be valid for duplication only within the territory of the Contracting State whose competent authority has granted the license and shall not extend to the export of duplicates;

(c) the duplication made under the license gives rise to an equitable remuneration fixed by the said authority taking into account, inter alia, the number of duplicates which will be made.

(1) This Convention shall in no way be interpreted to limit or prejudice the protection otherwise
secured to authors, to performers, to producers of phonograms or to broadcasting organizations under any
domestic law or international agreement.

(2) It shall be a matter for the domestic law of each Contracting State to determine the extent, if any,
to which performers whose performances are fixed in a phonogram are entitled to enjoy protection and the
conditions for enjoying any such protection.

(3) No Contracting State shall be required to apply the provisions of this Convention to any
phonogram fixed before this Convention entered into force with respect to that State.

(4) Any Contracting State which, on October 29, 1971, affords protection to producers of phonograms solely on the basis
of the place of first fixation may, by a notification deposited with the Director General of the
World Intellectual Property Organization, declare that it will apply this
criterion instead of the criterion of the nationality of the producer.

(1) The International Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization
shall assemble and publish information concerning the protection of phonograms. Each Contracting State shall promptly
communicate to the International Bureau all new laws and official texts on this subject.

(2) The International Bureau shall, on request, furnish information to any Contracting State on matters
concerning this Convention, and shall conduct studies and provide services designed to facilitate the
protection provided for therein.

(1) This Convention shall enter into force three months after deposit of the fifth instrument of
ratification, acceptance or accession.

(2) For each State ratifying, accepting or acceding to this Convention after the deposit of the fifth instrument of
ratification, acceptance or accession, the Convention shall enter into force three months after the date on which the
Director General of the World Intellectual Property Organization informs the
States, in accordance with Article 13, paragraph (4), of the deposit of its instrument.

(3) Any State may, at the time of ratification, acceptance or accession or at any later date, declare by notification
addressed to the Secretary–General of the United Nations that this Convention
shall apply to all or any one of the territories for whose international affairs it is responsible. This notification will
take effect three months after the date on which it is received.

(4) However, the preceding paragraph may in no way be understood as implying the recognition or
tacit acceptance by a Contracting State of the factual situation concerning a territory to which this
Convention is made applicable by another Contracting State by virtue of the said paragraph.

(1) Any Contracting State may denounce this Convention, on its own behalf or on behalf of any of the territories referred to
in Article 11, paragraph (3), by written notification addressed to the
Secretary–General of the United Nations.

(1) This Convention shall be signed in a single copy in English, French, Russian and Spanish, the four
texts being equally authentic.

(2) Official texts shall be established by the Director General of the
World Intellectual Property Organization, after consultation with the
interested Governments, in the Arabic, Dutch, German, Italian and Portuguese languages.