History : oso/browse
Children Born of War in the Twentieth Century//manchester.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7228/manchester/9781526104588.001.0001/upso-9781526104588
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9781526104588.jpg" alt="Children Born of War in the Twentieth Century"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Sabine Lee</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9781526104588</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Manchester University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, Military History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.7228/manchester/9781526104588.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2017</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2018-01-18</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>This book explores the integration of children born of war (CBOW) into post-conflict societies by investigating children fathered by foreign soldiers in several conflicts spanning much of the 20th and 21st centuries: the Second World War, the Vietnam War, the Bosnian War, the sub-Saharan African conflicts around the Rwandan Genocide and the LRA conflict and late 20th century peacekeeping operations. Using these case studies as starting points, the volume explores the challenges faced by the children themselves and their mothers within their post-conflict receptor communities by looking at the development of experience over time and across different geographical regions. It contextualises historically the conflict and post-conflict policies towards children born of war and their families and discusses the consequences of such policies. In particular, it analyses comparatively childhood adversities and psychosocial challenges as well as changes to the legal and political environments while being mindful of giving the CBOW themselves a voice through participatory research methods. The book is based on extensive archival research including archival research in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, the United States Canada and the Netherlands as well as oral history research among CBOW in the UK, US, Germany and Uganda. Its insights will be of value not only for academic scholars in history, political and social science, development studies and psychology, but also for NGO practitioners, policy makers and those engaged in advocacy.</p>Sabine Lee2018-01-18The Many Captivities of Esther Wheelwright//yale.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.12987/yale/9780300218213.001.0001/upso-9780300218213
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780300218213.jpg" alt="The Many Captivities of Esther Wheelwright"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Ann M. Little</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780300218213</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Yale University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, American History: early to 18th Century</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.12987/yale/9780300218213.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2016</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2017-01-19</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>Born and raised in a New England garrison town, Esther Wheelwright (1696–1780) was captured by Wabanaki Indians at age seven. Among them, she became a Catholic and lived like any other young girl in the tribe. At age twelve, she was enrolled at a French-Canadian Ursuline convent, where she would spend the rest of her life, eventually becoming the order’s only foreign-born mother superior. Among these three major cultures of colonial North America, Wheelwright’s life was exceptional: border-crossing, multilingual, and multicultural. This book discovers her life through the communities of girls and women around her: the free and enslaved women who raised her in Wells, Maine; the Wabanaki women who cared for her, catechized her, and taught her to work as an Indian girl; the French-Canadian and Native girls who were her classmates in the Ursuline school; and the Ursuline nuns who led her to a religious life.</p>Ann M. Little2017-01-19The Oxford History of Historical Writing//www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780199236428.001.0001/oso-9780199236428
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780199236428.jpg" alt="The Oxford History of Historical WritingVolume 2: 400-1400"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>SarahFootSarah FootRegius Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Christ Church, OxfordChase F.RobinsonChase F. RobinsonDistinguished Professor of History and Provost, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780199236428</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Oxford University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, Historiography</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.1093/oso/9780199236428.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2012</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2018-01-18</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>How was history written in Europe and Asia between 400–1400? How was the past understood in religious, social, and political terms? And in what ways does the diversity of historical writing in this period mask underlying commonalities in narrating the past? The volume tackles these and other questions. Part I provides comprehensive overviews of the development of historical writing in societies that range from the Korean Peninsula to north-west Europe, which together highlight regional and cultural distinctiveness. Part II complements the first part by taking a thematic and comparative approach; it includes chapters on genre, warfare, and religion (amongst others) which address common concerns of historians working in this liminal period before the globalizing forces of the early modern world.</p>Sarah Foot and Chase F. Robinson2018-01-18The Historical Uncanny//fordham.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5422/fordham/9780823262786.001.0001/upso-9780823262786
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780823262786.jpg" alt="The Historical UncannyDisability, Ethnicity, and the Politics of Holocaust Memory"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Susanne C. Knittel</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780823262786</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Fordham University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, European Modern History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.5422/fordham/9780823262786.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2014</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2015-05-21</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>The Historical Uncanny explores the ways in which cultural memories that pose uncomfortable challenges to the self-understanding of the remembering public are often systematically disregarded. The “historical uncanny” is that which resists reification precisely because it is uncomfortable or unassimilable to the dominant discourses of commemoration. The book focuses on two marginalized aspects of the memory of the Holocaust: the Nazi “euthanasia” program directed against the mentally ill and disabled, and the Fascist persecution of Slovenes, Croats, and Jews in and around Trieste. The two memorials under consideration, Grafeneck, a former Nazi euthanasia killing center in Germany, and the Risiera di San Sabba concentration camp memorial in Trieste, bookend the Holocaust, revealing a trajectory from the eugenicist elimination of socially undesirable people, such as the mentally ill and disabled, to the full-scale racial purification of the Final Solution. The analysis of these memorials is coupled with an examination of the literary and artistic representations of the traumatic events in question. This approach leads to an expanded definition of “site of memory” as an assemblage of cultural artifacts and discourses that accumulate over time; a physical and a cultural space that is continuously redefined, rewritten, and re-presented. This comparative and interdisciplinary study brings together perspectives from literary studies, memory studies, disability studies, and postcolonial studies that contribute to a broader and more differentiated understanding of the Holocaust and its place in contemporary European memory culture.</p>Susanne C. Knittel2015-05-21War and Welfare//manchester.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7228/manchester/9780719078545.001.0001/upso-9780719078545
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780719078545.jpg" alt="War and WelfareBritish POW Families, 1939–45"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Barbara Hately-Broad</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780719078545</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Manchester University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, Social History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.7228/manchester/9780719078545.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2010</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2012-07-19</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>During the Second World War, some 250,000 British servicemen were taken captive either by the Axis powers or the Japanese, as a result of which their wives and families became completely dependent on the military and civil authorities for news of their loved ones and for financial and material support. This book outlines the nature of their plight, and shows how they attempted to overcome the particular difficulties they faced during and in the immediate aftermath of hostilities. It opens up a whole new area of analysis and examines the experiences of the millions of service dependents created by total war. Taking as its starting point the provisions made by pre-Second World War British governments to meet the needs of its service dependents, the book then goes on to focus on the most disadvantaged elements of this group – the wives, children and dependents of men taken prisoner – and the changes brought about by the exigencies of total war. Further chapters reflect on how these families organised to lobby government and the strategies they adopted to circumvent apparent bureaucratic ineptitude and misinformation. The book contributes to our understanding of the ways in which welfare provision was developed during the Second World War.</p>Barbara Hately-Broad2012-07-19The People's Wars//www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199564262.001.0001/acprof-9780199564262
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780199564262.jpg" alt="The People's WarsHistories of Violence in the German Lands, 1820-1888"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Mark Hewitson</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780199564262</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Oxford University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, European Modern History, Military History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199564262.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2017</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2017-03-23</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>How did ministers, journalists, academics, artists, and subjects in the German lands imagine war during the nineteenth century? The Napoleonic Wars had been the bloodiest in Europe’s history, directly affecting millions of Germans, yet their long-term consequences on individuals and on ‘politics’ are still poorly understood. This study makes sense of contemporaries’ memories and histories of the revolutionary and Napoleonic campaigns within a much wider context of press reportage of wars elsewhere in Europe and overseas, debates about military service and the reform of Germany’s armies, revolution and counter-revolution, and individuals’ experiences of violence and death in their everyday lives. For the majority of the populations of the German states, wars during an era of conscription were not merely a matter of history and memory; rather, they concerned subjects’ hopes, fears, and expectations of the future. This is the second volume of Mark Hewitson’s study of the violence of war in the German lands during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It investigates the complex relationship between military conflicts and the violent acts of individual soldiers. In particular, it considers the contradictory impact of ‘pacification’ in civilian life and exposure to increasingly destructive technologies of killing during wartime. This contradiction reached its nineteenth-century apogee during the ‘wars of unification’, leaving an ambiguous imprint on post-war discussions of military conflict.</p>Mark Hewitson2017-03-23Governing Hibernia//www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207436.001.0001/acprof-9780198207436
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780198207436.jpg" alt="Governing HiberniaBritish Politicians and Ireland 1800–1921"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>K. Theodore Hoppen</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780198207436</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Oxford University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, British and Irish Modern History, Political History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198207436.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2016</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2016-08-18</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>The Anglo-Irish Union of 1800 which established the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland made British ministers in London more directly responsible for Irish affairs than had previously been the case. The Act did not, however, provide for full integration and left in existence a separate administration in Dublin under a Viceroy and a Chief Secretary. This created tensions that were never resolved. The relationship that ensued has generally been interpreted in terms of ‘colonialism’ or ‘post-colonialism’, concepts not without their problems in relation to a country so geographically close to Britain and, indeed, so closely connected constitutionally. This book seeks to examine the Union relationship from a new and different perspective. In particular it argues that London’s policies towards Ireland in the period between the Union and the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 oscillated sharply between those based on a view of Ireland as so distant, different, and violent that (regardless of promises made in 1800) its goverment demanded peculiarly Hibernian policies of a coercive kind (c.1800–1830), those based on the premiss that stability was best achived by a broadly assimilationist approach—in effect attempting to make Ireland more like Britain (c.1830–1868), and finally by a return to policies of differentiation though often in less coercive ways than had been the case in the decades immediately after the Union (c.1868–1921) The outcome of this last policy of differentiation was a disposition (ultimately common to both main British political parties) to grant greater measures of devolution and ultimately of independence, a development finally rendered viable by the implementation of Irish partition in 1921–2. The book is divided into three parts: I ‘A Faraway Country c.1800–1830’ (Chapters 1 and 2); II ‘Menus of Assimilation c.1830–1868’ (Chapters 3 to 6); III ‘Dancing to Irish Tunes c.1868–1921’ (Chapters 7 to 10).</p>K. Theodore Hoppen2016-08-18Modernizing a Slave Economy//northcarolina.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5149/9780807882375_majewski/upso-9780807832516
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780807832516.jpg" alt="Modernizing a Slave EconomyThe Economic Vision of the Confederate Nation"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>John Majewski</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780807832516</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>University of North Carolina Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, American History: Civil War</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.5149/9780807882375_majewski</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2009</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2014-07-24</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>What would separate Union and Confederate countries look like if the South had won the Civil War? In fact, this was something that southern secessionists actively debated. Imagining themselves as nation builders, they understood the importance of a plan for the economic structure of the Confederacy. The traditional view assumes that Confederate slave-based agrarianism went hand in hand with a natural hostility toward industry and commerce. Turning conventional wisdom on its head, this book's analysis finds that secessionists strongly believed in industrial development and state-led modernization. They blamed the South's lack of development on Union policies of discriminatory taxes on southern commerce and unfair subsidies for northern industry. The book argues that Confederates' opposition to a strong central government was politically tied to their struggle against northern legislative dominance. Once the Confederacy was formed, those who had advocated states' rights in the national legislature in order to defend against northern political dominance quickly came to support centralized power and a strong executive for war making and nation building.</p>John Majewski2014-07-24Word Warrior//illinois.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5406/illinois/9780252039874.001.0001/upso-9780252039874
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780252039874.jpg" alt="Word WarriorRichard Durham, Radio, and Freedom"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Sonja D. Williams</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780252039874</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>University of Illinois Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, African-American History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.5406/illinois/9780252039874.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2015</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2017-04-20</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>Posthumously inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in 2007, Richard Durham creatively chronicled and brought to life the significant events of his times. Durham's trademark narrative style engaged listeners with fascinating characters, compelling details, and sharp images of pivotal moments in American and African American history and culture. This book draws on archives and hard-to-access family records, as well as interviews with family and colleagues, to illuminate Durham's astounding career. Durham paved the way for black journalists as a dramatist and a star investigative reporter and editor for the pioneering black newspapers the Chicago Defender and Muhammed Speaks. Talented and versatile, he also created the acclaimed radio series Destination Freedom and Here Comes Tomorrow and wrote for popular radio fare like The Lone Ranger. Incredibly, Durham's energies extended still further—to community and labor organizing, advising Chicago mayoral hopeful Harold Washington, and mentoring generations of activists.</p>Sonja D. Williams2017-04-20The Tragedy of Childbed Fever//www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204992.001.0001/acprof-9780198204992
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780198204992.jpg" alt="The Tragedy of Childbed Fever"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Irvine Loudon</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780198204992</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Oxford University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198204992.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2000</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2011-10-03</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>Childbed fever was by the far the most common cause of deaths associated with childbirth up to the Second World War throughout Britain and Europe. Otherwise known as puerperal fever, it was an infection which followed childbirth and caused thousands of miserable and agonising deaths every year. This book provides an account of this tragic disease from its recognition in the 18th century up to the second half of the 20th century. Examining this within a broad history of infective diseases, the book goes on to explore ideas from past debates about the nature of infectious diseases and contagion, the discovery of bacteria and antisepsis, and charts the complicated path which led to the discovery of antibiotics. The large majority of deaths from puerperal fever were due to one micro-organism known as Streptococcus pyogenes, and the last chapter presents valuable new ideas on the nature and epidemiology of streptococcal disease up to the present day.</p>Irvine Loudon2011-10-03Proceedings of the British Academy Volume 130, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, IV//britishacademy.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5871/bacad/9780197263501.001.0001/upso-9780197263501
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780197263501.jpg" alt="Proceedings of the British Academy Volume 130, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, IV"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>P. J.MarshallP. J. Marshall</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780197263501</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>British Academy</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, Historiography</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.5871/bacad/9780197263501.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2005</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2012-01-31</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>This book contains obituaries of eleven recently deceased Fellows of the British Academy: Isaiah Berlin, Christopher Hill, Rodney Hilton, Keith Hopkins, Peter Laslett, Geoffrey Marshall, John Roskell, Isaac Schapera, Ben Segal, John Cyril Smith, and Richard Wollheim.</p>P. J. Marshall2012-01-31Assassination of a Saint//california.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1525/california/9780520286795.001.0001/upso-9780520286795
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780520286795.jpg" alt="Assassination of a SaintThe Plot to Murder Óscar Romero and the Quest to Bring His Killers to Justice"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Matt Eisenbrandt, Benjamín Cuéllar</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780520286795</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>University of California Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, Latin American History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.1525/california/9780520286795.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2017</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2017-09-21</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>In 1980, a death squad linked to business tycoons and military commanders murdered Archbishop Oscar Romero for denouncing widespread repression and poverty in El Salvador. Romero was known as the “voice of the voiceless,” and his criticism of the oligarchs who dominated the economy and the Security Forces that tortured and murdered civilians made Romero a military target. Two decades after his assassination, the Center for Justice &amp; Accountability (CJA) found one of the conspirators, Álvaro Saravia, living in California and launched a wide-ranging investigation into the death squad and its financiers. This book chronicles the life and death of the Catholic martyr, examining his actions and situating his years as archbishop in the broader context of the Salvadoran clergy’s embrace of Liberation Theology. It also analyzes, through excerpts from witness interviews and trial testimony, the mindset of the death squad members, their leader Roberto D’Aubuisson, and their wealthy backers, that propelled them to want Romero dead. The U.S. government played an important and contradictory role in developing the death squads and funding the military from which they sprang while also investigating their crimes and seeking to keep them in check. Within this complicated historical context, the book provides a first-hand account of the investigation and U.S. legal case that led to the only court verdict ever reached for Archbishop Romero’s murder.</p>Matt Eisenbrandt and Benjamín Cuéllar2017-09-21Ottonian Queenship//www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198800101.001.0001/acprof-9780198800101
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780198800101.jpg" alt="Ottonian Queenship"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Simon MacLean</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780198800101</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Oxford University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, European Medieval History, Political History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198800101.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2017</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2017-04-20</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>This is the first major study in English of the queens of the Ottonian dynasty (919–1024). The Ottonians, a family from Saxony, are often regarded as the founders of the medieval German kingdom. They were the most successful of all the dynasties to emerge from the wreckage of the pan-European Carolingian Empire, ruling as kings and emperors in Germany and Italy and exerting indirect hegemony in France and Eastern Europe. Historians have long noted that Ottonian queens were peculiarly powerful—indeed, among the most powerful of the entire Middle Ages. Their reputations have been commemorated for a thousand years in art, literature, and opera. This book offers an original interpretation of Ottonian queenship via a study of the sources for the dynasty’s six queens, and seeks to explain it as a phenomenon with a beginning, middle, and end. Ottonian queenship has to be understood as a feature in a broader landscape, and its history is intimately connected with the unfolding story of the royal dynasty. The book therefore interprets the spectacular status of Ottonian royal women not as a matter of extraordinary individual personalities, but as a distinctive product of the post-Carolingian era in which the certainties of the ninth century were breaking down amidst overlapping struggles for elite family power, royal legitimacy, and territory. Queenship provides a thread which takes us through the complicated story of a crucial century in Europe’s creation, and helps explain how new ideas of order were constructed from the debris of the past.</p>Simon MacLean2017-04-20Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia//hawaii.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.21313/hawaii/9780824836443.001.0001/upso-9780824836443
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780824836443.jpg" alt="Tang China in Multi-Polar AsiaA History of Diplomacy and War"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Zhenping Wang</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780824836443</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>University of Hawai'i Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, Asian History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.21313/hawaii/9780824836443.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2013</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2016-11-17</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>This book analyzes Tang China's (618–907) relations with Turkestan; the Korean states of Koguryŏ, Silla, and Paekche; the state of Parhae in Manchuria; and the Nanzhao and Tibetan kingdoms. Without any one entity able to dominate Asia's geopolitical landscape, the book argues that relations among these countries were quite fluid and dynamic—an interpretation that departs markedly from the prevalent view of China fixed at the center of a widespread “tribute system.” To cope with external affairs in a tumultuous world, Tang China employed a dual management system that allowed both central and local officials to conduct foreign affairs. The court authorized Tang local administrators to receive foreign visitors, forward their diplomatic letters to the capital, and manage contact with outsiders whose territories bordered on China. Not limited to handling routine matters, local officials used their knowledge of border situations to influence the court's foreign policy. Some even took the liberty of acting without the court's authorization when an emergency occurred, thus adding another layer to multi-polarity in the region's geopolitics. The book also sheds new light on the ideological foundation of Tang China's foreign policy. Appropriateness, efficacy, expedience, and mutual self-interest guided the court's actions abroad. Although officials often used “virtue” and “righteousness” in policy discussions and announcements, these terms were not abstract universal principles but justifications for the pursuit of self-interest by those involved. Detailed philological studies reveal that in the realm of international politics, “virtue” and “righteousness” were in fact viewed as pragmatic and utilitarian in nature.</p>Zhenping Wang2016-11-17The Promise of Preschool//www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395075.001.0001/acprof-9780195395075
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780195395075.jpg" alt="The Promise of PreschoolFrom Head Start to Universal Pre-Kindergarten"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Elizabeth Rose</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780195395075</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Oxford University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, American History: 20th Century</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195395075.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2010</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2010-05-01</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>How did the United States move from seeing preschool as a way to give the nation's poorest children a “head start” to seeing preschool as the beginning of public education for all children? Advocates and policymakers have recently had remarkable success at expanding preschool in many parts of the country, and are gaining support for federal action as well. Yet questions still remain about the best ways to shape policy that will fulfill the promise of preschool. The Promise of Preschool investigates how policy choices in the past forty‐five years—such as the creation of Head Start in the 1960s, efforts to craft a child care system in the 1970s, and the campaign to reform K‐12 schooling in the 1980s—helped shape the decisions that policymakers are now making about early education. In addition to exploring the sources of today's preschool movement, the book also examines policy questions such as, should preschool be provided to all children, or just to the neediest? Should it be run by public schools, or incorporate private child care providers? What are the most important ways to ensure educational quality? By looking at these policy issues through the lens of history, the book offers a unique perspective on this important area of education reform, and explores how an understanding of the past can help spur debate about today's decisions.</p>Elizabeth Rose2010-05-01The Making of Working-Class Religion//illinois.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.5406/illinois/9780252040429.001.0001/upso-9780252040429
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780252040429.jpg" alt="The Making of Working-Class Religion"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Matthew Pehl</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780252040429</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>University of Illinois Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, American History: 20th Century</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.5406/illinois/9780252040429.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2016</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2017-04-20</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>Religion has played a protean role in the lives of America's workers. This innovative volume focuses on Detroit to examine the religious consciousness constructed by the city's working-class Catholics, African American Protestants, and southern-born white evangelicals and Pentecostals between 1910 and 1969. The book embarks on an integrative view of working-class faith that ranges across boundaries of class, race, denomination, and time. As the book shows, workers in the 1910s and 1920s practiced beliefs characterized by emotional expressiveness, alliance with supernatural forces, and incorporation of mass culture's secular diversions into the sacred. That gave way to the more pragmatic class-conscious religion cultures of the New Deal era and, from the late 1930s on, a quilt of secular working-class cultures that coexisted in competitive, though creative, tension. Finally, the book shows how the ideology of race eclipsed class in the 1950s and 1960s, and in so doing replaced the class-conscious with the race-conscious in religious cultures throughout the city.</p>Matthew Pehl2017-04-20Running the Rails//cornell.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.7591/cornell/9781501702402.001.0001/upso-9781501702402
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9781501702402.jpg" alt="Running the RailsCapital and Labor in the Philadelphia Transit Industry"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>James Wolfinger</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9781501702402</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Cornell University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, American History: 20th Century</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.7591/cornell/9781501702402.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2016</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2017-01-19</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>Philadelphia exploded in violence in 1910. The general strike that year was a notable point, but not a unique one, in a generations-long history of conflict between the workers and management at one of the nation's largest privately owned transit systems. This book uses the history of Philadelphia's sprawling public transportation system to explore how labor relations shifted from the 1880s to the 1960s. As transit workers adapted to fast-paced technological innovation to keep the city's people and commerce on the move, management sought to limit its employees' rights. Raw violence, welfare capitalism, race-baiting, and smear campaigns against unions were among the strategies managers used to control the company's labor force and enhance corporate profits, often at the expense of the workers' and the city's well-being. Public service workers and their unions come under frequent attack for being a “special interest” or a hindrance to the smooth functioning of society. This book offers readers a different, historically grounded way of thinking about the people who keep their cities running. Working in public transit is a difficult job now, as it was a century ago. The benefits and decent wages Philadelphia public transit workers secured came as a result of fighting for decades against their exploitation. Given capital's great power in American society and management's enduring quest to control its workforce, it is remarkable to see how much Philadelphia's transit workers achieved.</p>James Wolfinger2017-01-19Colonial Land Policies in Palestine, 1917–1936//www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211081.001.0001/acprof-9780199211081
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780199211081.jpg" alt="Colonial Land Policies in Palestine, 1917–1936"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Martin Bunton</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780199211081</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Oxford University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, Middle East History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199211081.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2007</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2011-10-03</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>This book focuses on the way in which the Palestine Mandate was part of a broader British imperial administration — a fact often masked by Jewish immigration and land purchase in Palestine. The book's research reveals clear links to colonial practice in India, Sudan, and Cyprus amongst other places. It argues that land officials’ views on sound land management were derived from their own experiences of rural England, and that this was far more influential on the shaping of land policies than the promise of a Jewish National Home. The book reveals how the British were intent on preserving the status quo of Ottoman land law, which (when few Britons could read Ottoman or were well grounded in its legal codes) led to a series of translations, interpretations, and hence new applications of land law. The sense of importance the British attributed to their work surveying and registering properties and transactions is captured in the efforts of British officials to microfilm all of their records at the height of the Second World War. Despite this, however, land policies remained in flux.</p>Martin Bunton2011-10-03Suicide in Nazi Germany//www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532568.001.0001/acprof-9780199532568
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780199532568.jpg" alt="Suicide in Nazi Germany"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Christian Goeschel</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780199532568</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Oxford University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, European Modern History, Social History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199532568.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2009</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2011-10-03</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>The Third Reich met its end in the spring of 1945 in an unparalleled wave of suicides. Hitler, Goebbels, Bormann, Himmler and later Göring all killed themselves. These deaths represent only the tip of an iceberg of a massive wave of suicides that also touched upon ordinary lives. As this suicide epidemic has no historical precedent or parallel, it can tell us much about the Third Reich's peculiar self-destructiveness and the depths of Nazi fanaticism. The book looks at the suicides of both Nazis and ordinary people in Germany between 1918 and 1945, from the end of World War I until the end of World War II, including the mass suicides of German Jews during the Holocaust. It shows how suicides among different population groups, including supporters, opponents, and victims of the regime, responded to the social, cultural, economic and, political context of the time. The book also analyses changes and continuities in individual and societal responses to suicide over time, especially with regard to the Weimar Republic and the post-1945 era.</p>Christian Goeschel2011-10-03The Enlightenment on Trial//www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190638726.001.0001/acprof-9780190638726
<table><tr><td width="200px"><img width="150px" src="/view/covers/9780190638726.jpg" alt="The Enlightenment on TrialOrdinary Litigants and Colonialism in the Spanish Empire"/><br/></td><td><dl><dt>Author:</dt><dd>Bianca Premo</dd><dt>ISBN:</dt><dd>9780190638726</dd><dt>Publisher:</dt><dd>Oxford University Press</dd><dt>Subjects:</dt><dd>History, European Early Modern History, Latin American History</dd><dt>DOI:</dt><dd>10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190638726.001.0001</dd><dt>Published in print:</dt><dd>2017</dd><dt>Published Online:</dt><dd>2017-02-16</dd></dl></td></tr></table><p>This book demonstrates that ordinary, often illiterate colonial subjects of the Spanish empire were among the Enlightenment’s most adept practitioners. Broadly situated within postcolonial debates about the Enlightenment and modernity, it employs approaches from comparative social science, intellectual history, and legal history to demonstrate that, at end of the 1700s, colonial Spanish Americans began to sue one another with a zeal unseen on the peninsula. Part I examines how and how many lawsuits were generated in the empire. It analyzes civil litigation rates in six areas of Mexico, Peru, and Spain, including Mexico City, Oaxaca, Lima, Trujillo, Peru, the Montes de Toledo, Spain, and the peninsular high court of Valladolid. With chapters on the process of suing, and on the intellectual transformations and absolutist royal policy reforms on law and its practice, it explores legal culture in diverse capital cities and rural districts. Part II zeroes in on three types of civil cases that increased even more rapidly than the general rise of civil suits. The cases that colonial women, Indian commoners, and slaves initiated against masters, native leaders, and husbands challenged an older model of justice aimed at extralegal outcomes and casuistic jurisprudence. As they produced new ideas about freedom, natural rights, history, and merit in court, these subordinate litigants ultimately created an Enlightened law-centered culture. The conclusion considers why Spain and its colonies have remained marginal to the story of the advent of the modern West.</p>Bianca Premo2017-02-16