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When 54.5 mpg (4.3 L/100 km) corporate average fuel economy standards take effect in 2025, more than 90% of vehicles on U.S. roads will employ 8-speed transmissions and downsized turbocharged engines using direct fuel injection, an Environmental Protection Agency official says.

Likewise, turbochargers will gain power density as they grow in popularity for light-duty applications, says Edward Nam, director of the EPA’s Light Duty Vehicles & Small Engines Center in Ann Arbor, MI.