Bottom Line:
The overall incidence of NTS in children varied markedly by location and declined significantly during the study period; the pattern of dominance of the NTS serotypes also shifted from Salmonella Enteritidis to Salmonella Typhimurium.In Kilifi, the incidence of invasive NTS was high, especially among newborn infants, but typhoid fever was uncommon.NTS remains an important cause of bacteremia in children <5 years of age.

Mentions:
Of 75 676 admissions among children, 3296 had bacteremia of which 357 (10.8%) were NTS and 15 (0.5%) were Salmonella Typhi isolates (Figure 1). Among 22 924 adult admissions, 521 had bacteremia, of which 30 (5.8%) were NTS and 11(2.1%) were Salmonella Typhi isolates. Of 387 isolates of NTS, 351 were serotyped; 160 (45.6%) were Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, 152 (43.3%) were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and 39 (11.1%) isolates could not be serotyped using the panel of antisera available. There were no Salmonella Paratyphi organisms isolated. There was 1 case of Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae that was excluded from this analysis.Figure 1.

Mentions:
Of 75 676 admissions among children, 3296 had bacteremia of which 357 (10.8%) were NTS and 15 (0.5%) were Salmonella Typhi isolates (Figure 1). Among 22 924 adult admissions, 521 had bacteremia, of which 30 (5.8%) were NTS and 11(2.1%) were Salmonella Typhi isolates. Of 387 isolates of NTS, 351 were serotyped; 160 (45.6%) were Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, 152 (43.3%) were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and 39 (11.1%) isolates could not be serotyped using the panel of antisera available. There were no Salmonella Paratyphi organisms isolated. There was 1 case of Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae that was excluded from this analysis.Figure 1.

Bottom Line:
The overall incidence of NTS in children varied markedly by location and declined significantly during the study period; the pattern of dominance of the NTS serotypes also shifted from Salmonella Enteritidis to Salmonella Typhimurium.In Kilifi, the incidence of invasive NTS was high, especially among newborn infants, but typhoid fever was uncommon.NTS remains an important cause of bacteremia in children <5 years of age.