Republic Of Adygea
A republic (Latin: res publica) is a form of government in which the
country is considered a "public matter", not the private concern or
property of the rulers. The primary positions of power within a
republic are not inherited. It is a form of government under which the
head of state is not a monarch.[1][2][3]
In American English, the definition of a republic refers specifically
to a form of government in which elected individuals represent the
citizen body[2] and exercise power according to the rule of law under
a constitution, including separation of powers with an elected head of
state, referred to as a constitutional republic[4][5][6][7] or
representative democracy. [8]
As of 2017[update], 159 of the world's 206 sovereign states use the
word "republic" as part of their official names – not all of these
are republics in the sense of having elected governments, nor is the
word "republic" used in the names of all nations with elected
governments
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RepublicanismRepublicanismRepublicanism is an ideology centered on citizenship in a state
organized as a republic under which the people hold popular
sovereignty.[citation needed] Many countries are "republics" in the
sense that they are not monarchies. This article covers only the
ideology of republicanism.
The word "republic" derives from the Latin noun-phrase res publica,
which referred to the system of government that emerged in the 6th
century BC following the semi-legendary[1] expulsion of the kings from
Rome by
Lucius Junius BrutusLucius Junius Brutus and Collatinus.[2]
This form of government in the Roman state collapsed in the latter
part of the 1st century BCE, giving way to what was a monarchy in
form, if not in name. Republics re-occurred subsequently, with, for
example,
RenaissanceRenaissanceFlorenceFlorence or early modern Britain
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DespotismDespotismDespotism (Greek: Δεσποτισμός, Despotismós) is a form of
government in which a single entity rules with absolute power.
Normally, that entity is an individual, the despot, as in an
autocracy, but societies which limit respect and power to specific
groups have also been called despotic.[1]
Colloquially, the word despot applies pejoratively to those who abuse
their power and authority to oppress their populace, subjects, or
subordinates. More specifically, the term often applies to a head of
state or government
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Timocracy
A timocracy (from Greek τιμή timē, "price, worth" and
-κρατία -kratia, "rule")[1]in Aristotle's Politics is a state
where only property owners may participate in government. The more
extreme forms of timocracy, where power derives entirely from wealth
with no regard for social or civic responsibility, may shift in their
form and become a plutocracy where the wealthy and powerful use their
power to increase their wealth.
In Plato's Politics, a state in which Love of wealth,Property and
power are the Guiding principles of the rulers[2].
Timocracy and property[edit]
SolonSolon introduced the ideas of timokratia as a graded oligarchy in his
Solonian Constitution for
AthensAthens in the early 6th century BC. His was
the first known deliberately implemented form of timocracy, allocating
political rights and economic responsibility depending on membership
of one of four tiers of the population
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MeritocracyMeritocracy (merit, from
LatinLatin mereō, and -cracy, from Ancient Greek
κράτος kratos "strength, power") is a political philosophy which
holds that certain things, such as economic goods or power, should be
vested in individuals on the basis of talent, effort and
achievement.[1] Advancement in such a system is based on performance,
as measured through examination or demonstrated achievement
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TechnocracyTechnocracy is a system of governance where decision-makers are
selected on the basis of their expertise in their areas of
responsibility, particularly scientific knowledge. This system
explicitly contrasts with the notion that elected representatives
should be the primary decision-makers in government,[1] though it does
not necessarily imply eliminating elected representatives. Leadership
skills for decision-makers are selected on the basis of specialized
knowledge and performance, rather than political affiliations or
parliamentary skills.[2]
The term technocracy was originally used to advocate the application
of the scientific method to solving social problems. Concern could be
given to sustainability within the resource base, instead of monetary
profitability, so as to ensure continued operation of all
social-industrial functions. In its most extreme sense technocracy is
an entire government run as a technical or engineering problem and is
mostly hypothetical
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GeniocracyGeniocracyGeniocracy is the framework for a system of government which was first
proposed by Raël (leader of the International Raëlian Movement) in
1977 and which advocates problem-solving, creative intelligence and
compassion as criteria for governance.[1]A series of articles on the
Raëlian MovementFounder • History
Beliefs & practices
Cloning (Clonaid)
FundsViews on:
Politics
Economics
CosmologyThis box:view
talk
editContents1 Definition1.1 Justifying the method of selection2 History2.1 Origins in Ancient Greece3 Agenda3.1 Response to criticism
3.2 Status
3.3
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NoocracyNoocracy (/noʊˈɒkrəsi/ or /ˈnoʊ.əkrəsi/), or "aristocracy of
the wise", as defined by Plato, is a social and political system that
is "based on the priority of human mind", according to Vladimir
Vernadsky.[citation needed] It was also further developed in the
writings of Pierre Teilhard de Chardin.[citation needed]Contents1 Etymology
2 Development
3 Publications
4 Criticisms
5 See also
6 ReferencesEtymology[edit]
The word itself is derived from Greek nous, Gen
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Kritarchy
Kritarchy, also called kritocracy, is a system of rule by judges
(Hebrew: שופטים‬, shoftim) in the tribal confederacy of
ancient Israel during the period of time described in the Book of
Judges, following Joshua's conquest of
CanaanCanaan and prior to the united
monarchy under Saul.[1]
Because it is a compound of the Greek words κριτής, krites
("judge") and ἄρχω, árkhō ("to rule"), its use has expanded to
cover rule by judges in the modern sense as well, as in the case of
Somalia, ruled by judges with the polycentric legal tradition of
xeer,[2] and arguably the Islamic Courts Union[citation needed] and in
the fictional regime of Mega-city One, the focus of setting for the
JudgeJudge Dredd franchise.
References[edit]^ Dictionary.com
^ A Peaceful Ferment in Somalia: Publications: The Independent
InstituteThis government-related article is a stub
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ParticracyParticracy (also 'partitocracy', 'partocracy', or 'partitocrazia') is
a de facto form of government where one or more political parties
dominate the political process, rather than citizens and/or individual
politicians.[citation needed] As argued by Italian political scientist
Mauro Calise in 1994, the term is often derogatory, implying that
parties have too much power—in a similar vein, in premodern times it
was often argued that democracy was merely rule by the demos, or a
poorly educated and easily misled mob
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ErgatocracyErgatocracy (from the Greek word ἐργάτης, ergates, "worker"
and the suffix -cracy, "government") is a type of government dominated
by the labour and solidarities similar to communist beliefs. It refers
to a society ruled by the working class. The term was coined by Eden
and
Cedar Paul in their book Creative Revolution: A Study of Communist
Ergatocracy.[1][2]
References[edit]^ Paul, Cedar; Paul, Eden (1920). Creative revolution:. new York:
Thomas Seltzer. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
^
https://bogdanovlibrary.files.wordpress.com/2016/08/2016-08-14-biggart-bogdanov-kultintern.pdf"ergatocracy." Dictionary.com's 21st Century Lexicon. Dictionary.com,
LLC. 21 Jan. 2015. <Dictionary.com
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ergatocracy>.This government-related article is a stub
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NetocracyNetocracy was a term invented by the editorial board of the American
technology magazine Wired in the early 1990s. A portmanteau of
InternetInternet and aristocracy, netocracy refers to a perceived global
upper-class that bases its power on a technological advantage and
networking skills, in comparison to what is portrayed as a bourgeoisie
of a gradually diminishing importance.
The concept was later picked up and redefined by the Swedish
philosophers
Alexander BardAlexander Bard and
Jan SöderqvistJan Söderqvist for their book
Netocracy — The New Power Elite and Life After Capitalism
(originally published in Swedish in 2000 as Nätokraterna - boken om
det elektroniska klassamhället, published in English by
Reuters/Pearsall UK in 2002).
The netocracy concept has been compared with Richard Florida's concept
of the creative class
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Autocracy
An autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social
and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person, whose
decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor
regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the
implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).[1] Absolute
monarchies (such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman,
BruneiBrunei and Swaziland) and dictatorships (such as
North KoreaNorth Korea and
Syria) are the main modern-day forms of autocracy.
In earlier times, the term "autocrat" was coined as a favorable
feature of the ruler, having some connection to the concept of "lack
of conflicts of interests" as well as an indication of grandeur and
power
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DictatorshipDictatorshipDictatorship is a system of government in which a country or a group
of countries is ruled by a single party or individual (a dictator) or
by a polity and power is exercised through various mechanisms to
ensure that the entity's power remains strong.[1][2] A dictatorship is
a type of authoritarianism in which politicians regulate nearly every
aspect of the public and private behavior of citizens. Dictatorship
and totalitarian societies generally employ political propaganda to
decrease the influence of proponents of alternative governing systems.
In the past, different religious tactics were used by dictators to
maintain their rule, such as the monarchical system in the West. In
the 19th and 20th centuries, traditional monarchies gradually declined
and disappeared
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KraterocracyMight makes right is an aphorism with several potential meanings (in
order of increasing complexity):English:
The idea associated with the phrase connotes that a society's view of
right and wrong is determined, like its perspective on history, by
those currently in power. The term can be used in the descriptive,
rather than prescriptive way, in the same sense that people say that
"History is written by the victors". Because every person labels what
they think is good for themselves as right, only those who are able to
defeat their enemies can push their idea of what is right into
fruition. The phrase is most often used in negative assessments of
expressions of power.Kratocracy:
According to Montague,[1] Kratocracy or kraterocracy (from the Greek
κρατερός krateros, meaning "strong") is a government by those
who are strong enough to seize power through coercive power, social
persuasion, or deceptive cunning
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Military Dictatorship
A military dictatorship (also known as a military junta) is a form of
government different from civilian dictatorship for a number of
reasons: their motivations for seizing power, the institutions through
which they organize their rule and the ways in which they leave power.
Often viewing itself as saving the nation from the corrupt or myopic
civilian politicians, a military dictatorship justifies its position
as "neutral" arbiters on the basis of their membership within the
armed forces. For example, many juntas adopt titles, such as "National
Redemption Council", "Committee of National Restoration", or "National
Liberation Committee"
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