This letter focuses on optimal power flow (OPF) computations in which no more than a pre-specified number of controls are allowed to move. To determine an efficient subset of controls satisfying this ... [more ▼]

This letter focuses on optimal power flow (OPF) computations in which no more than a pre-specified number of controls are allowed to move. To determine an efficient subset of controls satisfying this constraint we rely on the solution of a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem fed with sensitivity information of controls' impact on the objective and constraints. We illustrate this approach on a 60-bus system and for the OPF problem of minimum load curtailment cost to remove thermal congestion. [less ▲]

This paper provides a methodology to restore transient stability. It relies on a well-behaved optimal power flow model with embedded transient stability constraints. The proposed methodology can be used ... [more ▼]

This paper provides a methodology to restore transient stability. It relies on a well-behaved optimal power flow model with embedded transient stability constraints. The proposed methodology can be used for both dispatching and redispatching. In addition to power flow constraints and limits, the resulting optimal power flow model includes discrete time equations describing the time evolution of all machines in the system. Transient stability constraints are formulated by reducing the initial multi-machine model to a one-machine infinite-bus equivalent. This equivalent allows imposing angle bounds that ensure transient stability. The proposed optimal power flow model is tested and analyzed using an illustrative 9-bus system, the well-known New England 39-bus, 10-machine system and a real-world 1228-bus system with 292 synchronous machines. [less ▲]

This two-part paper deals with the early detection of an impending voltage instability from the system states provided by synchronized phasor measurements. Recognizing that voltage instability detection ... [more ▼]

This two-part paper deals with the early detection of an impending voltage instability from the system states provided by synchronized phasor measurements. Recognizing that voltage instability detection requires assessing a multi-dimensional system, the method fits a set of algebraic equations to the sampled states, and performs an efficient sensitivity computation in order to identify when a combination of load powers has passed through a maximum. The important effects of overexcitation limiters are accounted for. The approach does not require any load model. This first part of the paper is devoted to theoretical foundations of sensitivity calculation along the system trajectory, derivation of the algebraic model, and illustration on a simple 5-bus system involving the long-term dynamics of a load tap changer and a field current limiter. [less ▲]

This two-part paper deals with the early detection of an impending voltage instability from the system states provided by synchronized phasor measurements. Recognizing that voltage instability detection ... [more ▼]

This two-part paper deals with the early detection of an impending voltage instability from the system states provided by synchronized phasor measurements. Recognizing that voltage instability detection requires assessing a multidimensional system, the method fits a set of algebraic equations to the sampled states, and performs an efficient sensitivity in order to identify when a combination of load powers has passed through a maximum. This second part of the paper presents simulation results obtained from detailed time-domain simulation of the Nordic32 test system, without and with measurement noise, respectively. Several practical improvements are described such as anticipation of overexcitation limiter activation, and use of a moving average filter. Robustness to load behaviour, non updated topology and unobservability is also shown. Finally a comparison with Thevenin impedance matching criterion is provided. [less ▲]

This paper proposes an approach coupling security constrained optimal power flow with time-domain simulation to determine an optimal combination of preventive and corrective controls ensuring a voltage ... [more ▼]

This paper proposes an approach coupling security constrained optimal power flow with time-domain simulation to determine an optimal combination of preventive and corrective controls ensuring a voltage stable transition of the system towards a feasible long-term equilibrium, if any of a set of postulated contingencies occurs. A security-constrained optimal power flow is used to adjust the respective contribution of preventive and corrective actions. Furthermore, information is extracted from (quasi steady-state) time-domain simulations to iteratively adjust the set of coupling constraints used by a corrective security constrained optimal power flow until its solution is found dynamically secure and viable. Numerical results are provided on a realistic 55-bus test system. [less ▲]

The paper addresses the problem of decentralized optimization for a power system partitioned into several areas controlled by different transmission system operators (TSOs). The optimization variables are ... [more ▼]

The paper addresses the problem of decentralized optimization for a power system partitioned into several areas controlled by different transmission system operators (TSOs). The optimization variables are the settings for taps, generators’ voltages and compensators’, and the objective function is either based on the minimization of reactive power support, the minimization of active power losses, or a combination of both criteria. We suppose that each TSO assumes an external network equivalent for its neighboring areas and optimizes without concern for the neighboring systems’ objectives its own optimization function. We study, in the context where every TSO adopts the same type of objective function, the performance of an iterative scheme, where every TSO refreshes at each iteration the parameters of its external network equivalents depending on its past internal observations, solves its local optimization problem, and then, applies its “optimal actions” to the power system. In the context of voltage optimization, we find out that this decentralized control scheme can converge to nearly optimal global performance for relatively simple equivalents and simple procedures for fitting their parameters. [less ▲]

This paper deals with techniques to solve the corrective security-constrained optimal power flow (CSCOPF) problem. To this end, we propose a new iterative approach that comprises four modules: a CSCOPF ... [more ▼]

This paper deals with techniques to solve the corrective security-constrained optimal power flow (CSCOPF) problem. To this end, we propose a new iterative approach that comprises four modules: a CSCOPF which considers only a subset of potentially binding contingencies among the postulated ones, a (steady-state) security analysis (SSSA), a contingency filtering (CF) technique, and an OPF variant to check post-contingency state feasibility when taking into account post-contingency corrective actions. We compare performances of our approach and its possible variants with classical CSCOPF approaches such as the direct approach and Benders decomposition (BD), on three systems of 60, 118, and 1203 buses. [less ▲]

This paper proposes a simple procedure to identify the onset of long-term voltage instability from the time evolution of the distribution voltages controlled by load tap changers. The moving average of ... [more ▼]

This paper proposes a simple procedure to identify the onset of long-term voltage instability from the time evolution of the distribution voltages controlled by load tap changers. The moving average of sampled measurements is computed and used to trigger local emergency signals. The method is validated on voltage signals obtained from time simulation of a realistic test system. The ability to identify instability in the critical area is demonstrated in three test cases. [less ▲]

This paper focuses on contingency filtering to accelerate the iterative solution of preventive security-constrained optimal power flow (PSCOPF) problems. To this end, we propose two novel filtering ... [more ▼]

This paper focuses on contingency filtering to accelerate the iterative solution of preventive security-constrained optimal power flow (PSCOPF) problems. To this end, we propose two novel filtering techniques relying on the comparison at an intermediate PSCOPF solution of post-contingency constraint violations among postulated contingencies. We assess these techniques by comparing them with severity index-based filtering schemes, on a 60- and a 118-bus system. Our results show that the proposed contingency filtering techniques lead to faster solution of the PSCOPF, while being more robust and meaningful, than severity-index based ones. [less ▲]

A new design of load shedding against long-term voltage instability is proposed. It uses a set of distributed controllers, each monitoring a transmission voltage, controlling a group of loads, acting in ... [more ▼]

A new design of load shedding against long-term voltage instability is proposed. It uses a set of distributed controllers, each monitoring a transmission voltage, controlling a group of loads, acting in closed-loop, and adjusting its action to the voltage evolution. The whole system operates without information exchange between controllers. [less ▲]

A new load shedding scheme against long-term voltage instability is proposed. It uses a set of distributed controllers, each monitoring transmission voltages in a zone and controlling a group of related ... [more ▼]

A new load shedding scheme against long-term voltage instability is proposed. It uses a set of distributed controllers, each monitoring transmission voltages in a zone and controlling a group of related loads. Each controller acts in closed-loop, shedding amounts that vary in magnitude and time according to the evolution of its monitored voltage. The whole system can operate without information exchange between controllers, the latter being implicitly coordinated through network voltages. The operation, design and robustness features are illustrated through simulations of a real system. [less ▲]

An approach inspired by model predictive control is proposed to determine a sequence of control actions aimed at alleviating thermal overloads. The algorithm brings the line currents below their limits in ... [more ▼]

An approach inspired by model predictive control is proposed to determine a sequence of control actions aimed at alleviating thermal overloads. The algorithm brings the line currents below their limits in the time interval left by protections while accounting for constraints on control changes at each step. Its closed-loop nature allows to compensate for model inaccuracies. [less ▲]

This letter proposes a formulation of the corrective security-constrained optimal power-flow problem imposing, in addition to the classical post-contingency constraints, existence and viability ... [more ▼]

This letter proposes a formulation of the corrective security-constrained optimal power-flow problem imposing, in addition to the classical post-contingency constraints, existence and viability constraints on the short-term equilibrium reached just after contingency. The rationale for doing so is discussed and supported by two examples. [less ▲]

The transmission network plays a key role in an oligopolistic electricity market. In fact, the capacity of a transmission network determines the degree to which the generators in different locations ... [more ▼]

The transmission network plays a key role in an oligopolistic electricity market. In fact, the capacity of a transmission network determines the degree to which the generators in different locations compete with others and could also greatly influence the strategic behaviors of market participants. In such an oligopolistic framework, different agents may have distinct and sometimes opposite interests in urging or hindering certain transmission expansions. Therefore, the regulatory authority, starting from the existing grid, faces the challenge of defining an optimal network upgrade to be used as benchmark for approval or rejection of a given transmission expansion. The aim of this paper is to define the concept of reference transmission network (RTN) from an economic point of view and to provide a tool for the RTN assessment in a deregulated framework where strategic behaviors are likely to appear. A general game-theoretic model for the RTN evaluation is presented, and the solution procedure is discussed. The strategic behavior of market agents in the spot market is modeled according to a Supply Function Equilibrium approach. The impact of transmission capacity expansion on market participants' strategic behavior is studied on a three-bus test network. The RTN is computed and compared with the optimal expansion found when perfect competition among power producers is assumed. [less ▲]

This paper describes and illustrates a Windowsbased, general-purpose, symbolically assisted numeric computation environment within power engineering education applications. The examples considered include ... [more ▼]

This paper describes and illustrates a Windowsbased, general-purpose, symbolically assisted numeric computation environment within power engineering education applications. The examples considered include fundamental problems derived from three areas: power system analysis and optimization, electric machinery, and feedback control systems. [less ▲]

This paper suggests that the appropriate combination of a stability-oriented and a performance-oriented control technique is a promising way to implement advanced control schemes in power systems. The ... [more ▼]

This paper suggests that the appropriate combination of a stability-oriented and a performance-oriented control technique is a promising way to implement advanced control schemes in power systems. The particular approach considered combines control Lyapunov functions (CLF) and reinforcement learning. The capabilities of the resulting controller are illustrated on a control problem involving a thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) device for damping oscillations in a four-machine power system. [less ▲]

This paper deals with the analysis of situations where load increases and/or contingencies cause transmission voltages to become unstable or unacceptably low. Simple sensitivities are proposed to ... [more ▼]

This paper deals with the analysis of situations where load increases and/or contingencies cause transmission voltages to become unstable or unacceptably low. Simple sensitivities are proposed to determine the relative efficiency of candidate remedial actions, which are parameter changes likely to strengthen the system. To this purpose, the sensitivities of the bus voltage magnitude experiencing the largest drop are considered. In the neighborhood of a loadability limit or a critical point, it is shown that these sensitivities and those based on eigenvalue and eigenvector computation are essentially the same. However, the proposed analysis can also deal with low but stable situations. The accuracy of the proposed sensitivities is demonstrated on the models of two real systems, in which the parameters of concern are bus power injections. [less ▲]

This letter describes an approach of applying the model-driven development in power systems. A component-based model-driven architecture,that gives full flexibility of the automation in source code ... [more ▼]

This letter describes an approach of applying the model-driven development in power systems. A component-based model-driven architecture,that gives full flexibility of the automation in source code generation,is introduced. A design pattern to code generation is described. [less ▲]

The problem of defining and classifying power system stability has been addressed by several previous CIGRE and IEEE Task Force reports. These earlier efforts, however, do not completely reflect current ... [more ▼]

The problem of defining and classifying power system stability has been addressed by several previous CIGRE and IEEE Task Force reports. These earlier efforts, however, do not completely reflect current industry needs, experiences and understanding. In particular, the definitions are not precise and the classifications do not encompass all practical instability scenarios. This report developed by a Task Force, set up jointly by the CIGRE Study Committee 38 and the IEEE Power System Dynamic Performance Committee, addresses the issue of stability definition and classification in power systems from a fundamental viewpoint and closely examines the practical ramifications. The report aims to define power system stability more precisely, provide a systematic basis for its classification, and discuss linkages to related issues such as power system reliability and security. [less ▲]

In this paper, we explore how a computational approach to learning from interactions, called reinforcement learning (RL), can be applied to control power systems. We describe some challenges in power ... [more ▼]

In this paper, we explore how a computational approach to learning from interactions, called reinforcement learning (RL), can be applied to control power systems. We describe some challenges in power system control and discuss how some of those challenges could be met by using these RL methods. The difficulties associated with their application to control power systems are described and discussed as well as strategies that can be adopted to overcome them. Two reinforcement learning modes are considered: the online mode in which the interaction occurs with the real power system and the offline mode in which the interaction occurs with a simulation model of the real power system. We present two case studies made on a four-machine power system model. The first one concerns the design by means of RL algorithms used in offline mode of a dynamic brake controller. The second concerns RL methods used in online mode when applied to control a thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) aimed to damp power system oscillations. [less ▲]