Divine Intimacy Radio

Divine Intimacy Radio is a haven of rest and wellspring of spiritual life for those seeking intimacy with God and the enlightened path of Catholic mystical and ascetical wisdom.
Weekly we will explore topics like prayer, spiritual direction, meditation, contemplation, holiness, and much more.

Description: Why does God allow spiritual desolation? During today's show Dan and Melissa walk through the causes of spiritual desolation using "Rule the Ninth" of The Discernment of Spirits as well as determine the difference between desolation and aridity in the spiritual life.

Description: During this episode of Divine Intimacy Radio, Saint Ignatius exhorts us to work to achieve patience during desolation, look ahead to the inevitable end of our suffering and return to consolation with God.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

What is desolation?

We must work to be patient. It is not easy.

How can we practice patience?

How does the enemy trick us into believing we must make a change in our spiritual lives?

How does one cope with long term experiences of desolation such as terminal illness?

Saint Ignatius suggests that we insist upon prayer, meditation, much examination and extending ourselves in penance.

Description: This week Dan and Melissa discuss the fifth rule of Saint Ignatius' Discernment of Spirits which states that one is never change spiritual commitments while experiencing spiritual desolation.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Does spiritual consolation always precede spiritual desolation?

When in spiritual desolation one should never change the commitments he or she has made when in spiritual consolation.

Is there any reason why one could change his or her situation while in desolation?

Loving God despite the experience of spiritual desolation is a proof of love.

This week Dan and Melissa explore the meaning of spiritual desolation and how to recognize it through the examen prayer.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Rule 4 - "I call desolation all the contrary of the third rule, such as darkness of soul, disturbance in it, movement to low and earthly things, disquiet from various agitations and temptations, moving to lack of confidence, without hope, without love, finding oneself totally slothful, tepid, sad, and, as if separated from one's Creator and Lord. For just as consolation is contrary to desolation in the same way the thoughts that come from consolation are contrary to the thoughts that come from desolation."

On this week's show, listen as Dan and Melissa discuss Saint Ignatius of Loyola's third rule of Discernment of Spirits, "Spiritual Consolation".

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Saint Ignatius' Third Rule of Discernment of Spirits: "The third is of spiritual consolation. I call it consolation when some interior movement is caused in the soul, through which the soul comes to be inflamed with love of its Creator and Lord, and, consequently when it can love no created thing on the face of the earth in itself, but only in the Creator of them all. Likewise when it sheds tears that move to love of its Lord, whether out of sorrow for one's sins, or for the passion of Christ our Lord, or because of other things directly ordered to his service and praise. Finally, I call consolation every increase of hope, faith and charity, and all interior joy that calls and attracts to heavenly things and to the salvation of one's soul, quieting it and giving it peace in its Creator and Lord."

What is spiritual consolation?

How can I recognize if I am experiencing it?

Can a person with an affinity toward one spirituality (i.e. Carmelite, Franciscan, Ignatian) benefit from the writings and teachings of a different spirituality

Dan and Melissa discuss the second rule of Saint Ignatius of Loyola's Discernment of Spirits, focusing on movement toward God and recognizing the effect of the enemy on our spiritual progress.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Discernment of Spirits - Rule 2: "In persons who are going on intensely purifying their sins and rising from good to better in the service of God our Lord, the method is contrary to that in the first rule. For then it is proper to the evil spirit to bite, sadden and place obstacles, disquieting with false reasons, so that the person may not go forward. And it is proper to the good spirit to give courage and strength, consolations, tears, inspirations, and quiet, easing and taking away all obstacles, so that the person may go forward in doing good."

When confronted with temptation it is important to recognize the thoughts pushing us toward sin are from the "bad spirit" who seeks to disrupt our spiritual progress.

Using an examination of conscience at the end of the day can make us more acutely aware of our daily sins and successes.

God is always drawing us to Himself, but we must recognize His work in our souls through the world around us.

This week, Dan and Melissa discuss the first Rule of the
Discernment of Spirits by Saint Ignatius of Loyola.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Rule 1 - "In the
persons who go from mortal sin to mortal sin, the enemy will
propose apparent pleasures, making them imagine sensual delights
and pleasures in order to enslave them more and make them grow in
their vices and sins. In these persons, the good spirit uses a
contrary method, pricking them and disturbing their
consciences through the process of reason and moral judgment."

The devil will work to convince someone with a poorly
formed conscience or who might be new to the spiritual
life that peace obtained through sinful behavior is from
God. However, this is a false sense of peace.

God will "prick us" to disturb the conscience through the
process of reason and moral judgement. He will cause an uneasiness
within us to bring us back to living a virtuous life.

Knowing how the enemy works and how the flesh works can help you
fight sinful inclinations.

The life of Saint Augustine is a good example of overcoming
habitual, mortal sin through the grace of God.

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace
himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul,
and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus
Christ." - USCCB Bible link

Philippians 4:7-8 - "Then the peace of God that surpasses all understanding will guard your hearts and minds in Christ Jesus. Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is gracious, if there is any excellence and if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things." - USCCB Bible link

Romans 8:6 - "The concern of the flesh is death, but the concern of the spirit is life and peace." - USCCB Bible link

Romans 12:2 - "Do not conform yourselves to this age but be transformed by the renewal of your mind, that you may discern what is the will of God, what is good and pleasing and perfect." - USCCB Bible link

2 Corinthians 10:3-6 - "For, although we are in the flesh, we do not battle according to the flesh, for the weapons of our battle are not of flesh but are enormously powerful, capable of destroying fortresses. We destroy arguments and every pretension raising itself against the knowledge of God, and take every thought captive in obedience to Christ, and we are ready to punish every disobedience, once your obedience is complete." - USCCB Bible link

Ephesians 1:3-4 - "Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavens, as he chose us in him, before the foundation of the world, to be holy and without blemish before him" - USCCB Bible link

Jeremiah 1:5 - "Before I formed you in the womb I knew you." - USCCB Bible link

James 4:7-8 - "So submit yourselves to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. Draw near to God, and he will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you of two minds." - USCCB Bible link

Divine Intimacy - A book of daily meditations by Fr Gabriel of St Mary Magdalen

John 16:33 - "In the world you will have trouble, but take courage, I have conquered the world." - USCCB Bible link

Matthew 16:24 - "Then Jesus said to his disciples, “Whoever wishes to come after me must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow me." - USCCB Bible link

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

This week Dan and Melissa discuss a follow-up question about the writings of Father Anthony de Mello leading someone to the Catholic Church. Also, Dan answers questions regarding the need to disclose your past during spiritual direction, as well as discerning God’s voice in prayer.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Regarding Father de Mello’s writings, the Holy Spirit will always bring us to the Truth even if by unusual means. But once he has recognized Jesus as the Way, the Truth, and the Life, the individual must leave those lesser means behind and begin to use authentic Catholic teaching to bring him/her to the fullness of the Faith.

Because our humanity is affected by original sin, we must not be lead by emotions to make decisions about the Faith. We must use our intellect to form our consciences according to the teachings of Jesus through the Holy Spirit, in and through the Magisterium of the Catholic Church.

The purpose of a spiritual director is to help one advance in prayer and virtue from his or her current spiritual height. Past events in the directee’s life are not always necessary to discuss unless there is a blockage in spiritual progress based on something negative from the past.

When discerning whether or not one hears God’s voice in prayer, we must identify whether the message was the work of the Holy Spirit and moved us to an increase in faith, hope and love. Also, what was said must come to pass and not produce pride or clinging to the revelation.

More can be found on discerning God’s voice in prayer from The Ascent of Mount Carmel by Saint John of the Cross, Book 2, Chapters 28 and 29.

Nostra Aetate- Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions, Paragraph 2: "The Catholic Church rejects nothing that is true and holy in these religions. She regards with sincere reverence those ways of conduct and of life, those precepts and teachings which, though differing in many aspects from the ones she holds and sets forth, nonetheless often reflect a ray of that Truth which enlightens all men. Indeed, she proclaims, and ever must proclaim Christ 'the way, the truth, and the life' (John 14:6), in whom men may find the fullness of religious life, in whom God has reconciled all things to Himself."

John 14:6 - “Jesus said to him, 'I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father, but through me.” - USCCB Bible link

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

Who is Fr Anthony de Mello and can we trust his spiritual writings to lead us to a deeper union with Christ? Dan and Melissa discuss the problems with Fr de Mello’s influential spiritual guidance and the Catholic Church’s position on non-Christian teachings.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Melissa’s experience of spiritual consolation at Mass, and the importance of properly orienting our hearts to God before entering into the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass.

Who is Fr. Anthony de Mello and why are his writings on spirituality problematic in the Catholic Church?

A warning issued by the Vatican regarding Fr. de Mello’s writings as “incompatible with the Catholic Faith and can cause grave harm”

The Catholic Church document, “Nostra Aetatae - Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions” on handling truth found in non-Christian religions as “a reflection of a ray of truth”.

No one can be saved outside of the person and redemptive work of Jesus Christ. (John 14:6 - “I am the way and the truth and the life; no one comes to the Father, but by me.”)

The misleading teachings that led Fr de Mello down the wrongful path of questioning fundamental truths of the Catholic Church.

Nostra Aetate- Declaration on the Relation of the Church to Non-Christian Religions, Paragraph 2: "The Catholic Church rejects nothing that is true and holy in these religions. She regards with sincere reverence those ways of conduct and of life, those precepts and teachings which, though differing in many aspects from the ones she holds and sets forth, nonetheless often reflect a ray of that Truth which enlightens all men. Indeed, she proclaims, and ever must proclaim Christ 'the way, the truth, and the life' (John 14:6), in whom men may find the fullness of religious life, in whom God has reconciled all things to Himself."

John 14:6 - “Jesus said to him, "I am the way, and the truth, and the life; no one comes to the Father, but through me.” - USCCB Bible link

Romans 1:20-21 - "Ever since the creation of the world, his invisible attributes of eternal power and divinity have been able to be understood and perceived in what he has made. As a result, they have no excuse; for although they knew God they did not accord him glory as God or give him thanks. Instead, they became vain in their reasoning, and their senseless minds were darkened." [The witness of creation is sufficient for someone to recognize the one true God.] - USCCB Bible link

2 Peter 3:9 - "The Lord does not delay his promise, as some regard 'delay', but he is patient with you, not wishing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance." - USCCB Bible link

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

Easter is upon us! Rejoice in the triumph of Christ! On this edition of Divine Intimacy Radio, Dan and Melissa discuss the glory of the Resurrection and the dramatic changes that it brought about in the lives of Christ's disciples.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

The Apostles rejoiced when they were persecuted for the sake of Christ.

Acts 5:40-42 - "After recalling the apostles, they had them flogged, ordered them to stop speaking in the name of Jesus, and dismissed them. So they left the presence of the Sanhedrin, rejoicing that they had been found worthy to suffer dishonor for the sake of the name. And all day long, both at the temple and in their homes, they did not stop teaching and proclaiming the Messiah, Jesus."

1 Corinthians 15:5-8 - "... he appeared to Cephas, then to the Twelve. After that, he appeared to more than five hundred brothers at once...After that, he appeared to James, then to all the apostles. Last of all...he appeared to me [Paul]."

Matthew 16:21-23 - "From that time on, Jesus began to show his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem and suffer greatly from the elders, the chief priests, and the scribes, and be killed and on the third day be raised. Then Peter took him aside and began to rebuke him, 'God forbid, Lord! No such thing shall ever happen to you.' He turned and said to Peter, 'Get behind me, Satan! You are an obstacle to me. You are thinking not as God does, but as human beings do.'"

John 21:18-19 - Jesus hints at the manner in which Peter will die. "'...Amen, amen, I say to you, when you were younger, you used to dress yourself and go where you wanted; but when you grow old, you will stretch out your hands, and someone else will dress you and lead you where you do not want to go.' He said this signifying by what kind of death he would glorify God. And when he had said this, he said to him, 'Follow me.'"

John 20:27-29 - "Then he said to Thomas, 'Put your finger here and see my hands, and bring your hand and put it into my side, and do not be unbelieving, but believe.' Thomas answered and said to him, 'My Lord and my God!' Jesus said to him, 'Have you come to believe because you have seen me? Blessed are those who have not seen and have believed.'"

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

Luke 2:33-35 - "The child’s father and mother were amazed at what was said about him; and Simeon blessed them and said to Mary his mother, 'Behold, this child is destined for the fall and rise of many in Israel, and to be a sign that will be contradicted (and you yourself a sword will pierce) so that the thoughts of many hearts may be revealed.'"

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

How is our soul like a garden? How should we care for the garden of our soul? When we feel the presence of God in prayer, what should we do? Dan and Melissa look to the wisdom of the saints as they discuss answers to these questions in today's show.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

The analogy of the soul as a garden.

How the water of grace differs from the water of the world.

What can we do to water the garden of our soul?

When in meditation, if we have an overwhelming movement of the heart towards God, what should we do?

What is the goal of meditation?

What should our response be when we experience this movement of the heart towards God?

Collected Works of St John of the Cross - Translated by Kieran Kavanaugh, O.C.D. (Order of Discalced Carmelites) and Otilio Rodriguez, O.C.D. Contains The Ascent of Mount Carmel (Book 2, Chapter 29 contains guidelines on both infused and practical wisdom: how to discern if these experiences are from God)

Philippians 4:8 - "Finally, brothers, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is just, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is gracious, if there is any excellence and if there is anything worthy of praise, think about these things."

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

How should we respond to experiencing God in prayer? What is "spiritual haze", where does it come from, and how should we properly deal with it? Dan and Melissa look to the wisdom of St Peter of Alcántara in the book Finding God Through Meditation as they discuss answers to these questions in today's show.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

What does it mean to experience the presence of God in prayer, or following from prayer?

What should we do when the scriptural words of God affect us or move our hearts?

John 14:27 - "Peace I leave with you; my peace I give to you" is referred to in every Mass. This reference may call to mind the rest of the verse: "Not as the world gives do I give it to you. Do not let your hearts be troubled or afraid."

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

What is the difference between meditation and contemplation? What does the transition between them look like? How will you know if you are ready for the transition, and how can you prepare for it? Dan and Melissa discuss when and how this transition takes place as they reflect on the book Finding God Through Meditation by St Peter of Alcántara.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

What does it mean that meditation is a "transitional form of prayer"?

To what are you transitioning, and how?

What should you do when meditation no longer works for you?

What are the signs you are ready to transition from meditation to contemplation?

How long does it take to prepare for contemplative prayer?

How a spiritual director can help you understand the progression of your prayer life.

Aridity and Dryness in Prayer Series - A comprehensive listing of spiritual direction posts on this site regarding dryness, or aridity, and the difficulties this can cause with prayer. Some posts on the dark night which touch on dryness or aridity, are included as well.

The Dark Night of the Soul - St John of the Cross "God desires to withdraw them from this base manner of loving and lead them on to a higher degree of divine love. And...to liberate them from the lowly exercise of the senses...by which they go in search of him...inadequately...and lead them into the exercise of spirit, in which they become capable of a communion...that is more abundant and...free of imperfections." Dark Night 1, 8, 3 [5].

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

Dan and Melissa answer questions on the importance of saints in prayer life, teaching children to pray, and spontaneous prayer. They also discuss some important aspects of meditation as they reflect on the book Finding God Through Meditation by St Peter of Alcántara.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Are the saints important in prayer life? Why?

Should a lay person focus on one saint per year as some religious do?

What is the best way to help children develop a regular, personal prayer life?

Some tips for spontaneous, or extemporaneous, prayer.

What is the difference between discursive and affective meditation?

An example of discursive meditation becoming affective meditation.

Resources:

Saint's Name Generator - Jennifer Fulwiler link to picking a saint for the year or for a special occasion. It asks you to pray first and picks the saint for you!

Luke 22:13-16 - "Then they went off and found everything exactly as he had told them, and there they prepared the Passover. When the hour came, he took his place at table with the apostles. He said to them, 'I have eagerly desired [earnestly desired or longed] to eat this Passover with you before I suffer, for, I tell you, I shall not eat it [again] until there is fulfillment in the kingdom of God.'" - USCCB Bible link

Exodus 12:42 - "...on this night all Israelite must keep a vigil for the Lord throughout their generations [as a perpetual institution or ordinance]." USCCB Bible link

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

How can we become more aware of our sins? Why is our disposition so important to effective prayer and meditation? Dan and Melissa answer these questions as they reflect on the book Finding God Through Meditation by St Peter of Alcántara.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Why do I find myself unaware of how I've offended God, even though I know I am a sinner?

How can I overcome the lack of awareness of sin?

How does meditation differ from contemplation in Catholic tradition?

According to St Peter of Alcántara, how does spiritual reading fit into the "way of meditation"?

What should you do when you feel your heart moved during spiritual reading?

Ephesians 1:4-5 - USCCB link: "Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing in the heavens, as he chose us in him, before the foundation of the world, to be holy and without blemish before him."

Matthew 25:41-43 - "Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you accursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. For I was hungry and you gave me no food, I was thirsty and you gave me no drink, stranger and you gave me no welcome, naked and you gave me no clothing, ill and in prison, and you did not care for me.’ " - USCCB Bible link

In Conversation with God - Video on spiritual reading and book recommendation on spiritualdirection.com (includes links for purchasing single volumes of the 7 volume set below, if that fits one's budget better)

Divine Intimacy - Meditations on the interior life by Fr Gabriel of St Mary Magdalen

1 Corinthians 8:1 - "Now in regard to meat sacrificed to idols: we realize that 'all of us have knowledge'; knowledge inflates with pride, but love builds up." (Quote from St Paul about how knowledge puffs up) - USCCB Bible link

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

How encountering God in prayer and deepening your prayer life can impact your life everyday. Why is the desire to have a relationship with God important? Dan and Melissa discuss their own encounters with God in prayer and scripture, and answer some listener questions.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

What does it mean to be "awake to God"?

How do we, or will we, experience God in our daily lives?

Some examples of saints speaking directly to our current issues and problems.

Being awake to the Word of God in the scriptures in our current situations.

How does our desire for a relationship with God impact our spiritual lives?

Our desire to know God = the promise that we can know God.

What can I do if I don't have enough knowledge or experience or imagination to read Scripture beyond just the words on the page?

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

Posture during Mass and preparation for meditation. Why should we use the words of the saints when we are preparing for mental prayer? Dan and Melissa discuss these topics and more as they answer questions from listeners.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Is posture in prayer important?

How does Christian teaching on prayer posture differ from that of Eastern, non-Christian religions?

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

Overcoming difficulties in prayer and the importance of posture in prayer. What are the Church's guidelines about kneeling and genuflecting? Dan and Melissa discuss these topics and more as they answer questions from listeners.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Has Dan always found spending time with God in prayer easy?

Does it get easier to pray as we progress in the spiritual life?

Tips on developing a robust prayer habit.

How does the enemy try to disrupt your prayer life?

Are we required to kneel at Mass if it causes pain?

What does the act of kneeling at Mass signify?

Why do people prostrate themselves before the Lord?

Why is your posture in prayer important?

What are the Church's guidelines for kneeling and genuflecting?

Are there legitimate reasons for not observing the rubrics regarding kneeling and genuflecting?

Ceremonial of Bishops- A book that describes the Church services to be performed by Bishops of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church.

“A genuflection, made by bending only the right knee to the ground, signifies adoration, and is therefore reserved for the Blessed Sacrament, whether exposed or reserved in the tabernacle…” (CB 69)

"No one who enters a Church should fail to adore the blessed sacrament, either by visiting the blessed sacrament chapel or at least by genuflecting: Similarly, those who pass before the blessed sacrament genuflect, except when they are walking in procession." (CB 71)

Inaestimabile Donum - Instruction Concerning Worship of the Eucharistic Mystery, Sacred Congregation for the Sacraments and Divine Worship "The venerable practice of genuflecting before the Blessed Sacrament, whether enclosed in the tabernacle or publicly exposed, as a sign of adoration, is to be maintained. This act requires that it be performed in a recollected way. In order that the heart may bow before God in profound reverence, the genuflection must be neither hurried nor careless." (ID 26)

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link

Dan and Melissa answer more listener questions on prayer. They discuss the benefits of a spiritual community to one's prayer life, some specific meditation practices, advice we can take from the Saints and Mystics, and much more.

Topics/Questions covered in the show:

Is there something wrong with me if I can't pray more than 10-15 minutes each day?

How can being involved in a community help your spiritual life?

To whom is the advice from mystics of the Church directed - beginners or the spiritually advanced?

How can I progress in meditating on the scriptures daily? Is there a plan I should follow?

How can a meditation practice, such as Lectio Divina, help me to encounter Christ?

Some aspects of Ignation meditation. How does it differ from Lectio Divina?

1 Thessalonians 5:23 - "May the God of peace himself make you perfectly holy and may you entirely, spirit, soul, and body, be preserved blameless for the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ." - USCCB Bible link