__1. corticonuclear pathways__ -arise from primary motor area of cerebral cortex -projects to motor nuclei of cranial nerves that innervate striated muscle of the head -3 neurons, the first of which decussates __2. corticospinal pathways__ -arise from primary motor area of cerebral cortex -projects to striated muscle of body -3 neurons, the first of which decussates usually in pyramids -spinal tracts: \n\n> lateral corticospinal: principle path in humans and carnivores ventral corticospinal: main path in ungulates; confined to neck in all dorsal corticospinal: ungulates only \n\n-poorly developed system in ungulates ending anatomically in cervical spinal cord __3. feedback circuits__ primary motor area --> pontine nuclei --> cerebellum --> thalamus --> back to primary motor area \\*decussates twice: on way to and from cerebellum (cerebellum regulates contralateral cerebral cortex) \\*corticopontocerebellar pathway: constitutes first half of this feedback circuit "},{"left":"extrapyramidal system compone