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Disclosed is a method for in-band error correction for SDH/SONET
optical-networks using Reed-Solomon RS(244,240,9) algorithms. Benefits include
improved system simplicity and utilization, improved programmer productivity,
and improved error correction.

Background

A
conventional telecommunication network is characterized as optical when pulses
of light convey information from an origin to a destination. The means of
transmission is optical fiber. Optical transmission has numerous advantages
over conventional electrical transmission that makes it preferable for
networks, including:

·
Lack of electromagnetic interference (EMI)

·
Low attenuation

·
Enormous bandwidth (BW) availability

·
Light-weight cables

The
International Telecommunications Union (a United Nations organization)
publishes a series of international standards for optical communications that
are collectively known as Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH). The SDH
standard has seriously taken into consideration former standards (of local
validity), such as the Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) standard (a
contribution of the American National Standards Institute and others). As a
result, SDH and SONET overlap a great deal and, typically, can both be
accommodated within an application.

The
SDH/SONET frame is characterized by its elements, the octet (8-bits) and the
hierarchical multiplexing structure (STM-N/STS-3N). The frame duration remains
constant (125 µs) independently of the hierarchical level (N). Data
processing occurs in the electrical domain. Transmission occurs in the optical
domain. All-optical networks with no electro-optical conversions are still an
ideal.

Optical
transmission equipment has disadvantages as well, including:

·
Nonlinear and sometimes random-appearing results

·
Calibration and tuning difficulties during long-term
operation (aging), sometimes resulting in the occasional injection of errors in
traveling messages in the form of bursts

One
strategy for dealing with potential errors is forward error correction (FEC).
Error-correction (EC) data escorts the payload-data to enable the detection and
correction of the errors, provided the frequency of error-occurrence does not
exceed a certain limit. The advantage of FEC is that retransmissions are
avoided (up to a predefined extent), eliminating delays. FEC also provides
warnings on network status and is transparent to the customers. The requirement
for EC data increases the bit rate.

A
code is a set of distinct symbols. Reed-Solomon (RS) algorithms are a

subclass of the Bose, Chaudhuri, Hocquenghem (BCH) cyclic-codes.
They are

symbolized as RS(nn,kk,bb), where bb is the symbol’s
bit-length (which is constant),

kk is the number of symbols of which the useful
message (payload) consists, and nn

is the number of symbols
of which the full message (codeword) consists, including the