Inhibition of Ceramide Metabolism Sensitizes Human Leukemia Cells

Background Non-calcified coronary artery plaque (NCAP) may be an important predictor

Posted on September 9, 2017 at 12:55 pm.

Background Non-calcified coronary artery plaque (NCAP) may be an important predictor of cardiovascular events however few studies possess directly measured NCAP in HIV-infected people. vs. 124 ± 298 p=0.89) or NCAP volume (65 ± 86 mm3 vs. 63 ± 82 mm3 p=0.38) between HIV-infected GSK690693 topics and handles respectively. Among HIV-infected topics lower Compact disc4 count number was connected with elevated NCAP quantity (r=-0.52 p=0.006). Compact disc4 count continued to be a substantial predictor of NCAP within a multivariate evaluation that altered for age group and duration of antiretroviral therapy. Bottom line Plaque burden is comparable between HIV-infected and uninfected people when matched up on traditional CAD risk elements however immune system function may mediate the introduction of atherosclerosis in HIV an infection. Keywords: non-calcified coronary plaque (NCAP) quantity HIV coronary disease Introduction There’s a developing body of proof demonstrating excess coronary disease (CVD) among HIV-infected adults [1 2 This elevated threat of CVD is apparently related not merely to inflammation natural in chronic viral an infection but also to cardiometabolic toxicity connected with antiretroviral (ARV) therapy [1 3 4 Many studies have determined abnormalities in surrogate markers for coronary artery disease (CAD) in HIV such as for example carotid intima width and endothelial function [5-7]. Non-calcified coronary artery plaque (NCAP) could be a significant predictor of cardiovascular occasions and in non-HIV populations NCAP continues to be implicated in severe coronary symptoms [8]. Potential GSK690693 GSK690693 evaluation of NCAP quantity and calcium ratings using CT angiography was performed to determine whether asymptomatic HIV-infected topics have improved atherosclerosis in comparison to settings matched up on traditional CVD risk guidelines. Methods Study style We carried out a potential pilot research of 26 HIV-infected topics Rabbit Polyclonal to STAC2. and 26 uninfected settings matched up on sex age group competition BMI and Framingham Risk rating at the Country wide Institutes of Wellness Clinical Middle. The process was IRB authorized and all subjects gave written informed consent. Study Population Subjects were self-referred 18 or older without known CAD but with one or more risk factors for CAD (e.g. smoking hypertension dyslipidemia first degree relative with early CAD). Participants were excluded if they had creatinine ≥1.3mg/dl allergy to CT contrast contraindication to β-blockers or were pregnant or breastfeeding. There were no a priori entry criteria related to HIV specific characteristics such as CD4 count viral load or years of exposure to ARV therapy. HIV-infected subjects had a previously established diagnosis of HIV infection; controls were healthy volunteers not known to be HIV-infected. Study procedures A medical history was obtained including a complete history of prior antiretroviral exposure in HIV-infected subjects. A detailed assessment of CAD risk was performed and included smoking history family history of CAD and fasting determinations of total high-density lipoprotein (HDL) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol triglycerides and hs-C reactive protein were obtained. Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was calculated using the online National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) tool: http://hp2010.nhlbihin.net/atpiii/calculator.asp. Individuals with known diabetes were scored as FRS=20%. Imaging was performed using a 16-MDCT scanner (Philips) in 41 subjects 64 scanner (Philips or Toshiba) in 8 subjects (5 of whom were controls) GSK690693 and 32-MDCT Dual Source scanner (Siemens) in 3 subjects. When needed metoprolol (50-100 mg) was given 30-60 mins before imaging to lessen the heartrate to 65 bpm. Coronary MDCTA was performed utilizing a pipe voltage of 120 -135 kV and current of 400-700 mAs having a 220-mm field of look at and retrospective ECG gating. Comparison materials was injected GSK690693 through peripheral venous gain GSK690693 access to for a price of 4-5 mL/s accompanied by 50 mL of regular saline at the same price. Post-processing Agatston calcium mineral rating and interpretation of axial and multiplanner reformatted pictures had been performed on the 3D program (Virtual Place AZE). NCAP region was manually tracked on CT pictures for every vessel by an individual investigator blinded to subject matter clinical status. The volume from the NCAP was calculated by multiplying the region by slice increment[9] then. The amount of luminal narrowing was.