Animals In PrintThe On-Line Newsletter25 September 2010 Issue

Endangered Or Not, Wolf Killings Set To Expand
Proposals to control population include gassing pups in their dens

By MATTHEW BROWN

This
2004 photograph provided by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks shows an adult
male wolf from the Lazy Creek pack north of Whitefish, Mont. Government
agencies are ramping up killings and removals of gray wolves in the Northern
Rockies and Great Lakes, despite two recent court actions that restored the
animal's endangered status in every state except Alaska and Minnesota.

BILLINGS, Mont. — Government agencies are seeking broad new authority to
ramp up killings and removals of gray wolves in the Northern Rockies and
Great Lakes, despite two recent court actions that restored the animal's
endangered status in every state except Alaska and Minnesota.

Various proposals would gas pups in their dens, surgically sterilize adult
wolves and allow "conservation" or "research" hunts to drive down the
predators' numbers.

Once poisoned to near-extermination in the lower 48 states, wolves made a
remarkable comeback over the last two decades under protection of the
Endangered Species Act. But as packs continue to multiply their taste for
livestock and big game herds coveted by hunters has stoked a rising
backlash.

Wildlife officials say that without public wolf hunting, they need greater
latitude to eliminate problem packs. Montana and Idaho held inaugural hunts
last year but an August court ruling scuttled their plans for 2010.

"As the wolf populations increase, the depredations increase and the number
of wolf removals will increase. It's very logical," said Mark Collinge,
Idaho director for Wildlife Services, the U.S. Department of Agriculture
branch that removes problem wolves, typically by shooting them from
aircraft.

"You just have to accept that part of having wolves is having to kill
wolves," he said.

But wildlife advocates and animal rights groups contend the response to
depredating wolves has become too heavy-handed. They say a string of court
decisions in their favor underscores that the species remains at risk.

"The draconian lengths they are poised to take really are a throwback, to
when the same agency was gassing wolf pups in their dens almost a century
ago and setting poisoned baits and trapping them," said Michael Robinson
with the Center for Biological Diversity. At least 1,700 wolves now roam
Idaho, Montana and Wyoming. There are more than 4,000 in Michigan, Wisconsin
and Minnesota. New populations are taking hold in Oregon and Washington, and
wolves have been sighted in Colorado, Utah and New England.

Some of the most remote wilderness habitats are becoming saturated with
the animals. As a result, packs are pushing into agricultural and
residential areas where domestic animals offer an easy meal. One of the more
extreme proposals — burying wolf pups in their dens and then poisoning them
with carbon monoxide gas — would be used only infrequently, in cases where
the rest of the pack had been killed for preying on livestock, officials
said. More established practices, including shooting wolves from the air and
ground, would be expanded. In Montana and Idaho, officials hope to revive
hunting seasons by re-branding them as "conservation hunts" or "research
hunts."

Also, Montana Democrat U.S. Senator Max Baucus wants ranchers to have
more freedom to shoot wolves harassing livestock. A novel, non-lethal
approach to wolf control is being considered in Idaho, according to a
Department of Agriculture proposal. After being surgically sterilized, pairs
of wolves would be radio-collared and released — "to maintain and defend
their territory against other wolf packs that might be more likely to prey
on livestock. "Killing marauding wolves is nothing new in some parts of
their range: In the Northern Rockies, more than 1,400 have been killed by
wildlife agents and ranchers since the first 66 wolves were reintroduced to
Yellowstone National Park and central Idaho in the mid-1990s.

But Wisconsin and Michigan in the past avoided wolf killings, instead
relocating plundering animals or taking defensive measures such as fencing
in livestock. Under applications pending with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service, the states want new authority to remove up to 10 percent of their
wolves annually, equal to about 110 wolves a year. Government statistics
back up critics' claims that wolves account for a small proportion of
livestock losses caused by predators. They kill fewer sheep and cattle than
coyotes, bears, mountain lions or even dogs. Yet where packs get onto
ranchlands, the results can be brutal for both wolves and livestock. That
was illustrated in a string of recent cattle killings and reprisals outside
the small town of Ennis, Mont. Since late July, at least six ranches near
Ennis have suffered cattle killings by a wolf group known as the Horse Creek
pack, which lives at the base of the Gravelly mountains.

Within two weeks of the first calf being killed, wolf specialists with
Wildlife Services killed two adult members of the Horse Creek pack in hopes
of deterring the others. One was shot on July 29 and the second on Aug. 6 —
just a day after U.S. District Judge Donald Molloy in Missoula, Mont.
ordered the region's wolves back onto the endangered species list.

After the attacks continued and several more calves died, state officials
on Aug. 12 ordered the entire pack removed. Another calf was found dead on
Aug. 13, and two on Aug. 17.

Two more Horse Creek wolves were shot. On Aug. 18, three more calves
turned up dead, bringing the total dead livestock to at least a dozen. The
remaining four members of the pack remained at large late last week. But
there was little doubt they would be killed, said Carolyn Sime, Montana's
lead wolf biologist "When we authorize it, we're confident they're going to
get it done," she said.

Rancher Jerry Dickinson said the Horse Creek pack killed at least three
calves worth a combined $2,400 on the Granger ranch, which he manages. Their
carcasses were found on the Beaverhead National Forest, where the calves had
been grazing. Others have disappeared without a trace. "If they take that
pack out, we've bought ourselves maybe two or three years until another pack
establishes itself," Dickinson said. "Eventually another bunch of wolves
will move in there and we'll get the same problem all over."

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