The DG ISPR Tweet on the leaked letter of the PMO on the
Dawn Leaks Inquiry Committee

The issue of 'Dawn Leaks' Inquiry hit a new
high on April 29, 2017, after a letter of the Prime Minister Office on the Dawn
Leaks Inquiry Committee appeared on the social media and was picked up by various
TV channels.

The letter signed by the Principal Secretary
to the Prime Minister, marked to the Secretary Interior and copied to the Cabinet
Secretary, Secretary Establishment and Secretary Information communicated the
Prime Minister's approval of the withdrawal of the portfolio of the Special
Assistant to Prime Minister on Foreign Affairs Syed Tariq Fatemi and proceedings
under Efficiency and Discipline Rules 1973 against Rao Tehseen Ali, Principal
Information Officer (PIO) of the Ministry of Information. The same day, DG ISPR
Maj. Gen. Asif Ghafoor tweeted, ' Notification on Dawn Leak is incomplete
and not in line with recommendations by the Inquiry Board. Notification is rejected
.'[1]

After this tweet was posted, Minister for Interior,
Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan held a press conference in which he said, ' institutions
don't talk to each other by tweets ' and characterised tweets as ' deadly
poison for Pakistan's democracy, our system and justice.' He said that
the notification for the 'Dawn Leaks' Report is to be issued by the Interior
Ministry and not the PM Office and that the notification ' will be according
to the unanimous recommendations of the [Dawn Leaks inquiry] committee
.'[2]

On April 30, 2017, media reports announced
that a meeting of the Prime Minister with his close associates was held in Lahore
to discuss the ISPR tweet.

On May 01, 2017, Punjab Law Minister, Rana
Sanaullah stated that the Government had decided to make the operative part
of the 'Dawn Leaks' report public and the notification will be issued by the
Ministry of Interior.[3]

PILDAT believes that the following points with
regards to the DG ISPR Tweet on the 'Dawn Leaks' issue need to be considered:

1. The use of the word 'rejected' and the manner
in which the Tweet was phrased was inappropriate. Moreover, the Pakistan Army's
public rejection of the letter issued by the Prime Minister's Office will only
go on to reinforce the image, already held in certain sections of the international
community, that the Armed forces of Pakistan are free from civilian oversight.
Hence, in the larger interest of the country and to further avoid harming the
state of relations between the civilian institutions and the armed forces, the
ISPR Tweet of April 29, 2017 should at least be withdrawn or a part of the Tweet
should be revised in its wording. (Note: On May 10, ISPR Press Release
announced the withdrawal of its tweet of April 29; detail and analysis will
be covered in PILDAT's monitor of the month of May)

2. Most of the controversy has emanated because
the agreed report has not been made pubic. Therefore, we urge the Government
to make the complete report public barring those parts that may threaten national
security or at least its recommendations be made public without further loss
of time.

3. Both sides should address the obstacles
and impediments in the way of addressing similar issues. While such an institutional
arrangement existed in the form of the National Security Committee (NSC), it
has remained largely dysfunctional. Whatever the reasons for its dormancy may
be, whether they include lack of trust or interest by the Government or the
Military leadership, they need to be immediately addressed and the NSC should
be activated as the principal forum for addressing security issues requiring
civil-military consultation.

4. In an honourable, democratic, sovereign
country like Pakistan, the final authority rests with its elected representatives.
All institutions of the State should, in practical terms, demonstrate the acceptance
of this position in full conformity to the constitution of the country.

5. Democracy does not only mean elections,
but it means inclusive government in which views of all segments are taken into
consideration and decision-making is collective and institutional. An increased
tendency for more personalized and whimsical decision-making has been observed
in the past few years. Even at one point, the Supreme Court had intervened and
stated in its judgment that ' the Prime Minister is the head of the Cabinet
but he can neither supplant nor replace it. He cannot exercise its powers by
itself. '[4] Both the Federal
and the Provincial Governments must ensure that institutionalized decision-making
takes place through their cabinets while political parties should also use institutional
forums for their policy decisions.

6. Lastly, the Parliament and the Provincial
Assemblies should also exercise their role of effective oversight in making
sure the elected Government are adhering to the principles of democracy and
good governance.

Timeline of the case of DAWN Leaks

Date

Item

October
06, 2016

Dawn published
the story 'Exclusive: Act against militants or face international isolation,
civilians tell military' which Dawn claimed was 'based on conversations
with Dawn of individuals present in the crucial meetings (that) week.'
[5] In the leaked meeting,
a verbal confrontation between Chief Minister Shahbaz Sharif and then
DG ISI Lt. Gen. Rizwan Akhtar was narrated in which Chief Minister claimed
that security establishment works behind the scenes to set certain groups
free whenever action is taken against them. In the end, Prime Minister
Sharif directed Lt. Gen. Akhtar to 'tour the provinces at the direction
of the prime minister, issue fresh orders to ISI sector commanders and
meet with provincial apex committees to chalk out specific actions that
need to be taken in various provinces' and Lt. Gen. Akhtar 'readily
agreed.' [6]

The same day, the first rejoinder was
issued by the Spokesman of the Prime Minister saying the story is 'an
amalgamation of fiction and half-truths which too are invariably reported
out of context.' [7]

Another rejoinder was issued by the
Prime Minister Office the same day, while the previous one was initially
deleted from the website, and it characterized the Dawn news story as
'fabricated.' However, at present only the first rejoinder is present
in the website.

Meanwhile, the office of the Chief
Minister of Punjab also denied the comments attributed to Mr. Shahbaz
Sharif in the news story. Dismissing it as a baseless story, he emphasized
that besides his respect for the institution of the armed forces, on
an individual level he also had 'the highest respect for the present
DG ISI for his professionalism, commitment to duty and sincerity of
purpose.'[8]

October
10, 2016

A meeting
was held at the Prime Minister House, chaired by the PM, and attended
by the Federal Minister for Interior, CM Punjab, the COAS, and the DG
ISI.

Presser released after the meeting
stated that 'the participants of the meeting expressed concern over
the publication of a fabricated news story in the Daily Dawn pertaining
to security issues purportedly discussed in a meeting of the National
Security Committee in the last week and the participants were unanimous
that the published story was clearly violative of universally acknowledged
principles of reporting on National Security issues and has risked the
vital interest through inclusion of inaccurate and misleading contents
which had no relevance to actual discussion and fact.'

October
11, 2016

Mr. Cyril
Almeida's name was placed on the Exit Control List (ECL).

October
14, 2016

A press
release issued by the ISPR following a Corps Commander Conference 'expressed
serious concern over feeding of false and fabricated story of an important
security meeting held at PM house and viewed it as breach of national
security.' [9]

October
15, 2016

After a
meeting of the Federal Minister of Interior with the representatives
of APNS, CPNE and PFUJ, Mr. Almeida's name was removed from the ECL.

October
28, 2016

The Federal
Ministers for Interior and Finance, along with the Chief Minister of
the Punjab 'call on' the COAS at the GHQ. According to the
Press Release issued by the ISPR, the meeting took place between 4:00-5:30PM
and stated that ' the delegation briefed the COAS on the progress
of investigation and recommendations related to planted story of National
Security breach of 6 Oct 2016' . The DG ISI was also present on
the occasion.

October
29, 2016

A Press
Release was issued by PMO stating that ' the planted story related
to the NSC and NAP meetings published in Daily Dawn on 6th October was
a breach of national security. Evidence available so far points to a
lapse on the part of Information Minister, who has been directed to
step down from office to enable holding of an independent and detailed
inquiry. An inquiry committee including senior officers of ISI, MI and
IB is being formed by the Government of Pakistan to clearly apportion
blame, identify interests and motives and expose all those responsible
for this episode for stern action in the national interest '.

The seven-member committee formed to
investigate Dawn leaks was headed by Justice Retd. Aamer Raza Khan included
Establishment Secretary, Punjab Ombudsman, FIA Punjab Director, and
one representative each from the ISI, MI, and the IB. According to initial
news reports, the committee was given 30 days to submit its report.
[10]

March
09, 2017

A Press
Release was issued by ISPR following a Corps Commanders' conference
which stated that in the conference, 'Dawn leak issue was also discussed.'
[11]

April
18, 2017

Director
General (DG) ISPR Major General Asif Ghafoor said that, 'there was no
word on consensus on the issue of 'Dawn Leaks' during the court of inquiry…
DG ISPR was responding to a question about Interior Minister's reported
statement that consensus was not developed on the Leaks issue in the
committee earlier and two days ago consensus was reached.'

On a separate occasion in response,
Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan said that 'he stood by his
statement that the delay in streamlining recommendations on the Leaks
issue happened due to lack of consensus in committee. He said that ISPR
DG had nothing to do with this committee nor he was DG at that time
when this committee was formed.' [12]

April
25, 2016

A spokesman
of Interior Ministry announced that Interior Ministry had received the
Dawn Leaks report on April 25, 2017 at 6:45 pm and it would be submitted
to Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif on April 26, 2017 after going through
it in details. [13]

April
26, 2017

PM's Spokesperson
Mr. Musaddik Malik confirmed that Prime Minister has received the report
of the Inquiry Committee on 'Dawn Leaks.' However, according to a news
report, Malik did not confirm whether the Prime Minister had received
the report that day or earlier. [14]

April
29, 2017

A letter
signed by the Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister on the Dawn
Leaks Inquiry Committee found its way to the social media and then to
the electronic media. The letter marked to the Secretary Interior communicated
PM's approval of the actions against Mr. Tariq Fatemi, Special Assistant
to the PM on Foreign Affairs and Rao Tehseen Ali, Principal Information
Officer (PIO) of the Government of Pakistan. The letter communicated
the PM decision to withdraw the portfolio of Foreign Affairs from Syed
Tariq Fatemi and to proceed under Efficiency and Discipline Rules 1973
against Rao Tehseen Ali.

DG ISPR Maj. Gen. Asif Ghafoor tweeted,
'Notification on Dawn Leak is incomplete and not in line with recommendations
by the Inquiry Board. Notification is rejected.'

Minister for Interior Chaudhry Nisar
stated in a press conference that, 'institutions don't talk to each
other [over Twitter]' while also characterizing these tweets as ' deadly
poison for Pakistan's democracy, our system and justice.' He said that
the notification for the Dawn Leaks Report is to be issued by the Interior
Ministry and not the PM Office and that the notification 'will be according
to the unanimous recommendations of the [Dawn Leaks inquiry] committee.'
[15]

April
30, 2017

A meeting
of the Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz (PML-N) leadership was held in Lahore
to, as per media reports, to discuss the ISPR tweet.

May
01, 2017

Punjab
Law Minister, Rana Sanaullah stated that the government has decided
to make the operative part of the Dawn Leaks report public and the notification
will be issued by the Interior ministry.

Initial
Civil Military Disagreement on Dawn 'Leaks'

Maj. Gen. Asif Ghafoor and Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar
Ali Khan

Dawn Leaks had been a subject in which previously
also the disagreement between the Government and the Military leadership had
appeared.

Earlier, on April 18, 2017, the Minister of
Interior Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan said that the delay in ' streamlining
the recommendations by the inquiry committee on the Dawn 'Leaks' happened because
consensus was not developed in the inquiry committee .' To this, DG ISPR
Maj. Gen. Asif Ghafoor said that there was ' no word on consensus on the
issue of Dawn 'Leaks' during the court of inquiry .'[16]

On a separate occasion, the Interior Minister
maintained his earlier statement while also adding that the ' ISPR DG had
nothing to do with this committee nor was he Director General at that time when
this committee was formed .'[17]
This shows that a certain degree of tension existed between the Government and
Military leadership, which came out in full public gaze on April 29, 2017.

On the morning of May 01, 2017, two suspected
terrorists were reportedly killed in an exchange of fire with the local police
in Taxila. The security agencies concerned reported this to the Interior Ministry
and warned that terrorists may target the annual Labour Day ceremony at the
Pakistan Ordnance Factory (POF) which was to be addressed by the Interior Minister
and some other federal ministers.

Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan was
to attend as Chief Guest of the Labour Day Ceremony planned at the POF. Before
his address to the ceremony, the Ministry of Interior released the following
statement: " The May Day ceremony at POF is a long-standing tradition and,
God-willing, the other federal ministers and I will participate in the ceremony
as planned ."[18]

Speaking at the Labour Day Ceremony at POF,
the Interior Minister questioned the "performance" of security agencies that
could not ensure the safety of sensitive installations such as POF. [19]

Clarification
by the DG ISPR on Military's Stance on the Panama Papers Case Judgment

A Tweet by DG ISPR on the Panama Case Judgment
on April 08, 2017, which was ostensibly issued as clarification for an earlier
comment by the Director General ISPR Maj. Gen. Asif Ghafoor on the same issue,
created more confusion than clarity. The Tweet stated that ' Response to
Q on Panama in UK reported incomplete / out of context. Army, like every Pakistani
awaits a decision based on justice and merit .' According to news reports,
the comment to which the Tweet referred to was given on April 05, 2017 and it
stated that the Supreme Court's verdict on the Panama case will be acceptable
to the army. [20]

It is not clear as to why the DG ISPR Maj.
Gen. Asif Ghafoor felt the need to issue a follow-up comment on this matter.
Naturally, it is for the Supreme Court to decide what constitutes justice and
merit in the Panama Paper's case and it is unnecessary to say that the court
verdict will be acceptable to the army. Court verdict is binding on all including
the army and no one has a choice about its being acceptable.

Membership
of the JIT in Panama Case and Senator Aitzaz Ahsan's Comments

On April 20, 2017, the Supreme Court of Pakistan
announced a six-member Joint Investigative Tribunal (JIT), headed by a member
of the Federal Investigative Agency (FIA), for the purpose of investigating
the Panama Case.

The JIT would also include a member each of
the following institutions: the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), Securities and
Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP), the National Accountability Bureau (NAB),
the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and the Military Intelligence (MI).

While the inclusion of members from ISI and
MI is rather odd as the investigation of Panama Case does not directly match
with their departmental roles and expertise, it is even more odd that a member
of the Intelligence Bureau (IB), being the prime civilian intelligence agency,
was not included in the JIT. If NAB and FIA could be represented in the JIT,
IB should not have been excluded.

In Dawn's editorial of April 21, 2017 on the
same subject, it was observed that ' the inclusion of the military-run
intelligence agencies in a probe against a serving prime minister in matters
of finance and the law is remarkable - and a precedent that should not be established…
what is concerning about the composition of the JIT, especially with the inclusion
of a Military Intelligence representative, is the signal it sends about the
lack of institutional trust .'[21]

The inclusion of military run agencies was
not able to escape controversy as the Leader of the Opposition in the Senate,
Senator Aitzaz Ahsan, in a number of interviews following the Panama Judgment
expressed his reservations regarding the constitution of the JIT. He is quoted
to have said ' the in-laws of the daughter of Maryam Nawaz were closely
linked to Director General ISI Lt. Gen. Naveed Mukhtar ', hence implying
that the investigation process may be biased one. [22]

In an apparent response to these allegations
of Senator Aitzaz Ahsan, DG ISPR Maj. Gen. Asif Ghafoor on April 21, 2017 issued
a strongly worded Tweet that stated, ' Comments by few regarding head of
premier int agency are baseless, misleading and unwarranted. Integrity of armed
forces is beyond reproach .'

Following the 202nd Corps Commanders'
Conference on April 24, 2017 (second Corps Commanders' Conference in a month;
earlier one, which was the 201st Corps Commanders' Conference, was
held on April 13, 2017 and discussed the case of Indian RAW agent Kulbushan
Sudhir Jadhav), the ISPR Press Release stated, ' The forum pledged that
Institution through its members in JIT shall play its due role in a legal and
transparent manner fulfilling confidence reposed by the Apex Court of Pakistan
.'[23]

PILDAT believes that the following spoints
need to be considered in this regard:

1. The inclusion of military-run agencies in
the JIT formed to investigate the Panama Case is a sad reflection of the lack
of trust in civilian institutions. The successive civilian governments also
can not escape the blame for weakening the trust in various civilian institutions.
In addition, there is a need for clearly defined institutional roles and responsibilities
that can be carried out in an effective manner. It is unfortunate that Government
departments such as the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP),
the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR), the National Accountability Bureau (NAB)
and the Federal Investigative Agency (FIA) did not initiate proceedings not
just in the case of the Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and his family but all those
who were named in the Panama Papers case until agitation forced at least some
of them to undertake half-hearted actions.

2. While the Tweet by DG ISPR on April 21,
2017, in an apparent reference to Senator Aitzaz Ahsan's comments, may have
been strongly worded, PILDAT believes that in the absence of evidence suggesting
that a wrongdoing has been committed, mere relationship of the DG ISI Lt. Gen.
Naveed Mukhtar with the Prime Minister's daughter, Ms. Maryam Nawaz, does not
provide sufficient grounds for apprehensions over the role of the ISI member
in the JIT.

Former
COAS Gen. (R) Raheel Sharif Leaves for Saudi Arabia to head IMAFT

Former COAS General (R) Raheel Sharif left
for Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on April 21, 2017 to head the International Military
Alliance to Fight Terrorism (IMAFT).

According to the Minister of Defence, Khawaja
Asif's interview on a TV channel, ' Gen Raheel Sharif has been issued an
NOC to join IMAFT after GHQ's consent and meeting legal formalities .'[24]
However, the exact time as to when the NOC was issued remained ambiguous and
Mr. Asif's comment that the decision to issue the NOC was reached a 'couple
of days back' (before General (R) Raheel Sharif departure) [25]
did not lend much clarity on this either.

Earlier on April 11, 2017 in a session of the
Senate of Pakistan, Mr. Asif had told the House that the Terms of Reference
of General (R) Raheel Sharif's new job would be announced in May after a meeting
of the Defence Ministers of member states of the IMAFT. [26]

He promised that when General (R) Raheel Sharif
would be issued an NOC, it would be presented in the House and the House would
not be bypassed. [27] However,
this promise remained unfulfilled.

Similarly, on April 13, 2017, in a session
of the National Assembly of Pakistan Mr. Asif had said that once the formalities
of the alliance would be completed, General (R) Raheel Sharif would apply for
an NOC, which would be processed according to the relevant rules and regulations
by the Ministry of Defence.[28]
Mr. Asif promised the House that if the House asks, he would present the details
of the process of the issuance of the NOC before it. [29]

Mr. Asif's repeated assurances to the National
Assembly and the Senate that they would be taken in confidence when General
(R) Raheel Sharif would be issued an NOC are at odds with the hasty manner in
which the former Army Chief of Pakistan obtained his NOC and left for Saudi
Arabia.

PTI
Chairman Mr. Imran Khan talks about his meeting with the COAS

PTI Chairman, Imran Khan in his interview with
Mr. Hamid Mir on April 17, 2017 discussed his meeting with the COAS General
Qamar Javed Bajwa, which had taken place on March 31, 2017. [30]

Following are the key points of his meeting
with the COAS as per Mr. Imran Khan:

1. Mr. Khan was the one who had asked for the
meeting with the COAS when the border with Afghanistan was closed down affecting
life in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP).

2. The other main issue that Mr. Khan said
he had wanted to discuss with General Qamar Javed Bajwa was the proposed KP-FATA
merger and the problems associated with it.

3. The appointment of former COAS General (R)
Raheel Sharif was also discussed with General Bajwa, who thinks that the former
Army Chief would play the role of preventing war between Iran and Saudi Arabia
and act as cement to bring them together.

4. Mr. Imran Khan also elaborated on his earlier
statement right after his meeting with the COAS by saying that he had told General
Bajwa that he (Khan) would not let the 2018 Election be carried out in the same
manner as the 2013 Election and that democracy is not just in holding elections,
but it is in holding free and fair elections. Mr. Khan also said that he expressed
in front of General Bajwa that the army personnel should be inside and outside
the polling booths to which the COAS said that the Pakistan Army, as an institution
believes that free and fair elections should take place.

While Mr. Khan revealed the contents of his
meeting with the COAS, it is noteworthy that no such revelation of the contents
of the meeting came from the Pakistan Army's end.

In addition, if it were governance matters
that were to be discussed in the meeting, then the correct forum was the KP
Government and hence, it may have been the KP Chief Minister that could have
called for a meeting with the COAS General Bajwa.

Premier-COAS
Interactions

In the month of April 2017, the Prime Minister
Muhammad Nawaz Sharif and Chief of Army Staff General Qamar Javed Bajwa met
only once.

General Qamar Bajwa called on the Prime Minister
in the Prime Minister House on April 12, 2017.

According to the press release issued by the
Prime Minister Office, ' matters pertaining to professional preparedness
of Pak Army, current security and border situation of the country came under
discussion, during the meeting. The Chief of Army Staff also apprised the Prime
Minister about the progress made in the ongoing operation Radd-ul-Fasaad
.'[31]

International Developments Affecting
Civil Military Relations

Resignation
of Afghan Minister of Defence and Afghan Army Chief

Afghan Minister of Defence, Abdullah Habibi (right) and Army
Chief Qadam Shah (left) attending a Press Conference at the Ministry of Defence
in Kabul

The Afghan Minister of Defence, Mr. Abdullah
Habibi and Afghan Army Chief General Qadam Shah Shaheem submitted their resignations
on April 24, 2017 following the Taliban attack on an army base near Mazar-i-Sharif
city, Afghanistan.[32]

The Taliban attack had claimed the lives of
more than 100 Afghan soldiers and certain quarters of the Afghan public had
called for the resignation of the Minister of Defence and the Army Chief following
the incident. [33]

Some labeled the attack as an intelligence
failure [34] and action by the
Afghan Government following it involved the sacking of twelve army officers,
including two generals. [35]

Afghan security forces were made a target a
week before this attack as well when simultaneous suicide assaults by the Taliban
on two security compounds in Kabul had claimed 16 lives. [36]

Indonesian
Military Chief reportedly Reproached by the President of Indonesia

Indonesian military Chief General Gatot Nurmantyo talks to
reporters in Jakarta, Indonesia, January 5, 2017.

In January 2017, it was reported that the Indonesian
military chief General Gatot Nurmantyo unilaterally suspensed defence cooperation
ties with Australia.[37]

This reaction was the result of a report of
'offensive material' about West Papua found in a Special Forces Base in Australia.
[38] West Papua is an Indonesian
province that has tried to seek independence from Jakarta and was considered
a sensitive topic for Indonesians.

Australian Defence Minister Ms. Marise Payne
confirmed the complaints concerned "some teaching materials and remarks" at
an Army language training facility in Australia, and that some military cooperation
with Indonesia was put on hold.

Initially there appeared to be some contradiction
between the Military's statement and that of the civilian Government on the
same matter.

On January 04, 2017, the military stated that
all forms of military cooperation with Australia were on hold while Indonesian
Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs General (R)
Wiranto claimed that only the language-training programme was suspended. [39]

Reportedly, President of Indonesia Mr. Joko
Widodo reproached the Army Chief General Nurmantyo in a meeting at the President'
Palace held in the first week of January 2017. [40]

In a subsequent development in February 2017,
General Nurmantyo released a statement saying that he had accepted the apology
of the Australian Army Chief General Angus Campbell. [41]
However, General Nurmantyo also stated that the resumption of military co-operation
between the two countries could only continue after consultation with President
Widodo.[42]

References :

[1]
Tweet also released in the form of a press release that can be accessed
at:
https://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-press_release&id=3952&cat=army

[7]
Press Release by the PM Office may be accessed at:
http://pmo.gov.pk/press_release_detailes.php?pr_id=1566

[8]
PM, CM offices reject 'speculative' story on national security, The Nation,
October 07, 2016, and accessed on May 09, 2017 at:
http://nation.com.pk/national/07-Oct-2016/pm-cm-offices-reject-speculative-story-on-national-security

[13]
Interior ministry receives Leaks report, The News, published on April 26,
2017 and accessed on May 09, 2017 at:
https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/200836-Interior-ministry-receives-Leaks-report-Will-be-presented-to-PM-today

[19]
We'd be secure only if Wah labourers are secure, The News, May 01, 2017,
accessed on May 09, 2017 at:
https://www.thenews.com.pk/latest/201836-Wed-be-secured-only-if-Wah-Factory-labourers-are-safe-Ch-Nisar

[20]
Army awaits Panamagate decision based on justice: DG ISPR, The Express Tribune,
April 08, 2017, accessed on May 09, 2017 at:
https://tribune.com.pk/story/1378481/army-awaits-panamagate-decision-based-justice-like-every-pakistani/

[24]
Raheel leaves for Riyadh to command military alliance, Dawn, April 22, 2017,
accessed on May 09, 2017 at:
https://www.dawn.com/news/1328531

[25]
Gen Raheel off to S Arabia to lead Islamic alliance, The Express Tribune,
April 21, 2017, accessed on May 09, 2017 at:
https://tribune.com.pk/story/1389984/gen-raheel-sharif-gets-noc-head-islamic-military-alliance-sources/

[26]
Details can be found in the Senate Hansard of May 11, 2017 (Page 45) that
can be accessed at:
http://www.senate.gov.pk/uploads/documents/debates/1491987235_776.pdf

[36]
Over 100 killed, wounded in Taliban attack on Afghan military base, Dawn,
April 22, 2017, accessed on May 09, 2017 at:
https://www.dawn.com/news/1328569/over-100-killed-wounded-in-taliban-attack-on-afghan-military-base

[37]
Indonesia's president moves to rein in 'out of control' military chief,
Reuters, January 09, 2017, accessed on May 09, 2017, at:
http://www.reuters.com/article/us-indonesia-australia-military-gatot-idUSKBN14T0MC

[38]
Indonesia halts military cooperation with Australia over 'insulting' West
Papua posters at training base, ABC News, updated on January 05, 2017, and
accessed on May 09, 2017, at:
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-04/insulting-training-material-was-in-relation-to-west-papua/8162284

[41]
Indonesia's military chief accepts apology from Australian Army over offensive
training material, ABC News, February 09, 2017, accessed on May 09, 2017
at:
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-02-09/indonesia-accepts-apology-for-offensive-training-material/8254176