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Introduction Computer costs (human and financial) account a largevalue of the budget of a company. In response to this problem appeared to Cloud Computing. Today Cloud Computing has many advantages andappears to be an attractive solution. 4

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What is cloud computing ? The cloud is simply a metaphor for the internet, based on the symbol used to represent the worldwide network in computer network diagrams. Cloud Computing refers to the many different types of services and applications being delivered in the internet cloud, and the fact that, in many cases, the devices used to access these services and applications do not require any special applications. Its purpose is to push companies to externalize the digital resources virtual which they store. 6

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Historic 1960 The concept was born from the ideas of pioneers like Joseph CarlRobnett Licklider and John McCarthy. Some of the first uses included the processing of financial transactionsand census data. 8

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Historic 1960 1971- The term “cloud computing” was first used by information systems professorRamnath Chellappa 9

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Historic 1960 1971 …- Companies began switching from hardware to cloud services because theywere attracted to benefits like a reduction in capital costs as well as aneasing in IT staffing issues. 10

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History 1999 2002 2006 2009• Arrival of Salesforce.com• Pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simplewebsite.• The services firm paved the way for both specialist and mainstream softwarefirms to deliver applications over the internet. 11

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History 1999 2002 2006 2009• Arrival of Salesforce.com • Amazon Web Services• Pioneered a suite of cloud-based services including storage, computation and • Provide the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simplewebsite. even human intelligence through the Amazon Mechanical Turk• The services firm paved the way for both specialist and mainstream softwarefirms to deliver applications over the internet. 12

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History 1999 2002 2006 2009• Arrival of Salesforce.com • Amazon Web Services launched its Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) as a commercial web service• Pioneered a suite of cloud-based services including storage, computation and • Provide the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple • Allowswebsite. small companiesthrough the Amazon Mechanical Turk which to run even human intelligence and individuals to rent computers on their own computer applications.• The services firm paved the way for both specialist and mainstream softwarefirms to deliver applications over the internet. 13

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History 1999 2002 2006 2009• Arrival of Salesforce.com • Amazon Web Services Web 2.0 launched ,its Elastic Compute cloud (EC2) as a commercial web , Google … service• Pioneered a suite of cloud-based services including storage, computation and • Provide the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple Browser-based enterprise applications. • Allowswebsite. small companiesthrough the Amazon Mechanical Turk which to run even human intelligence and individuals to rent computers on • Services (Google Apps) their own computer applications.• The services firm paved the way for both specialist and mainstream softwarefirms to deliver applications over the internet. 14

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Cloud Computing infrastructure modelsIT organizations can choose to deploy applications on public, private, or hybridclouds, each of which has its trade-offs. The terms public, private, and hybrid donot dictate location. While public clouds are typically “out there” on the Internetand private clouds are typically located on premises. 16

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Cloud Computing infrastructure modelsA public cloud provides services to multiple customers, and is typically deployed ata collocation facility.Public clouds are most often hosted away from customer premises, and theyprovide a way to reduce customer risk and cost by providing a flexible, eventemporary extension to enterprise infrastructure. 17

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Cloud Computing infrastructure modelsPrivate clouds may be hosted at a collocation facility or in an enterprise datacenter.They may be supported by the company, by a cloud provider, or by a third partysuch as an outsourcing firm.This model gives companies a high level of control over the use of cloud resourceswhile bringing in the expertise needed to establish and operate the environment. 18

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Cloud Computing infrastructure modelsHybrid clouds combine both public and private cloud models, and they can beparticularly effective when both types of cloud are located in the same facility.Hybrid clouds introduce the complexity of determining how to distribute applicationsacross both a public and private cloud. Among the issues that need to be considered isthe relationship between data and processing resources. If the data is small, or theapplication is stateless, a hybrid cloud can be much more successful than if largeamounts of data must be transferred into a public cloud for a small amount ofprocessing. 19

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Service Models Cloud infrastructure services, also known as "infrastructure as a service" (IaaS), deliver computer infrastructure – typically a platform virtualization environment – as a serviceInfrastructure 21

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Service Models Cloud platform services, also known as platform as a service (PaaS), deliver a computing platform and/or solution stack as a service PlatformInfrastructure 22

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Service Models Cloud application services or "Software as a Service (SaaS)" deliver software as a service over the Internet Application PlatformInfrastructure 23

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Service Models Software as a Service (SaaS) is a software distribution model in whichapplications are hosted by a vendor or service provider and made available tocustomers over a network, typically the Internet. the SaaS vendor owns the software and runs it on computers in its datacenter. The customer does not own the software but rents it. 24

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Service Models Automatic updates and patch management. Compatibility: All users will have the same version of software. Easier collaboration.Eliminate the need to install and run the application on the customersown computers. No direct control of the data. Internet connection required. Security awareness. 25

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Service Models Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a way to rent hardware, operating systems, storage and network capacity over the Internet. The service delivery model allows the customer to rent virtualized servers and associated services for running existing applications or developing and testing new ones without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying software/hardware. 27

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Service Models Platform as a Service (PaaS) is an outgrowth of Software as a Service (SaaS), a software distribution model in which hosted software applications are made available to customers over the Internet. PaaS has several advantages for developers. With PaaS, operating system features can be changed and upgraded frequently. Geographically distributed development teams can work together on software development projects. 28

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Service Models Services can be obtained from diverse sources that cross international boundaries. Initial and ongoing costs can be reduced by the use of infrastructure services from a single vendor rather than maintaining multiple hardware facilities that often perform duplicate functions or suffer from incompatibility problems. Overall expenses can also be minimized by unification of programming development efforts. 29

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Service Models Maintenance paid by the provider (no update to think). Access to the platform through a Web browser. Greatly reduced development time (using modules ...). Developing real time (as and when enabling modules). The application does not belong to the client company. Relative availability (Difficult to predict the sudden load increases). 30

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Service Models Its a platform virtualization environment as a service. It permits to provide treatment, storage, network sand other basic resources, offering customers the possibility to deploy and run software of their choice. Characteristics and components of IaaS include :  Utility computing service and billing model.  Automation of administrative tasks.  Dynamic scaling.  Desktop virtualization.  Policy-based services.  Internet connectivity. 32

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Service Models App App App OS OS OS Hypervisor Hardware Virtualized Stack Virtual workspace An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made dynamically available to authorized clients by using well-defined protocols. Resource quota (e.g. CPU, memory share). Software configuration (e.g. O/S, provided services). Implement on Virtual Machine (VMs) An abstraction of an execution environment that can be made dynamically available to authorized clients by using well-defined protocols. Abstraction of a physical host machine, Hypervisor intercepts and emulates instructions from VMs, and allows management of VMs, VMWare, Xen, etc. Provide infrastructure API Plug-ins to hardware/support structures. 33

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Service Models Advantages of virtual machines Run operating systems where the physical hardware is unavailable, Easier to create new machines, backup machines, etc., Software testing using “clean” installs of operating systems and software, Emulate more machines than are physically available, Timeshare lightly loaded systems on one host, Debug problems (suspend and resume the problem machine), Easy migration of virtual machines (shutdown needed or not). Run legacy systems! 34

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Service Models Advantages Run operating systems where the physical hardware is unavailable, Less constraints related to architecture (choice, purchase, maintenance, scalability,...). Everything is the responsibility of the provider. Dematerialization: in case of degradation of response time, it is possible to pass dynamically on a more powerful server. Opportunity to change providers. Solution less expensive (more profitable to rent virtual servers) Other gains generated: air conditioning, electricity ... Possibility to manage large volumes of data 35

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Service Models Disadvantages Confidentiality of data. No More access to data in case of failure of the link. Resistance to change: adaptation, mutation and loss of some job titles in the company 36

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run cloud computings web-based applications.– Since applications run in the cloud, not on the desktop PC, your desktop PC does not need the processing power or hard disk space demanded by traditional desktop software.– When you are using web-based applications, your PC can be less expensive, with a smaller hard disk, less memory, more efficient processor...– In fact, your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or DVD drive, as no software programs have to be loaded and no document files need to be saved. 39

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– With few large programs hogging your computers memory, you will see better performance from your PC.– Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run faster because they have fewer programs and processes loaded into memory… 40

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– With few large programs hogging your computers memory, you will see better performance from your PC.– Instead of purchasing expensive software applications, you can get most of what you need for free-ish!– That is right - most cloud computing applications today, such as the Google Docs suite, are totally free.– That is a lot better than paying $200+ for similar Microsoft Office software - which alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications. 41

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.– When the application is web-based, updates happen automatically - available the next time you log into the cloud.– When you access a web-based application, you get the latest version - without needing to pay for or download an upgrade. 42

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your machine being compatible with other users applications or operating systems.– Where Word 2007 documents cannot be opened on a computer running Word 2003, all documents can be read!– There are potentially no format incompatibilities when everyone is sharing documents and applications in the cloud. 43

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.– Your computers current 200 Gbyte hard drive is small compared to the hundreds of Pbytes available in the cloud.– Whatever you need to store, you can. 44

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– Unlike desktop computing, in which if a hard disk crashes and destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the storage of your data.– That also means that if your personal computer crashes, all your data is still out there in the cloud, still accessible.– In a world where few individual desktop PC users back up their data on a regular basis, cloud computing is a data-safe computing platform! 45

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– That is not a problem with cloud computing, because you do not take your documents with you.– Instead, they stay in the cloud, and you can access them whenever you have a computer and an Internet connection.– All your documents are instantly available from wherever you are. 46

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– Another document-related advantage of cloud computing is that when you edit a document at home, that edited version is what you see when you access the document at work.– The cloud always hosts the latest version of your documents; as long as you are connected, you are not in danger of having an outdated version. 47

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.– Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud computing multiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projects.– Because the documents are hosted in the cloud, not on individual computers, all you need is an Internet connection, and you are collaborating. 48

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.– Changes to computers, applications and documents follow you through the cloud.– Move to a portable device, and your applications and documents are still available. 49

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the Internet.– Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications and documents, if you do not have an Internet connection you cannot access anything, even your own documents.– A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where Internet connections are few or inherently unreliable, this could be a deal-breaker.– When you are offline, cloud computing simply does not work. 50

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– Similarly, a low-speed Internet connection, such as that found with dial-up services, makes cloud computing painful at best and often impossible.– Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to download, as do large documents.– If you are labouring with a low-speed dial-up connection, it might take seemingly forever just to change from page to page in a document, let alone to launch a feature-rich cloud service.– In other words, cloud computing is not for the broadband-impaired! 51

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– Even with a fast connection, web-based applications can sometimes be slower than accessing a similar software program on your desktop PC.– Everything about the program, from the interface to the current document, has to be sent back and forth from your computer to the computers in the cloud.– If the cloud servers happen to be backed up at that moment, or if the Internet is having a slow day, you would not get the instantaneous access you might expect from desktop applications. 52

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– This situation is bound to change, but today many web-based applications simply are not as full-featured as their desktop-based applications.– For example, you can do a lot more with Microsoft PowerPoint than with Google Presentations web-based offering.– The basics are similar, but the cloud application lacks many of PowerPoints advanced features.– If you are a power user, you might not want to leap into cloud computing just yet. 53

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud.– The questions is How secure is the cloud?– Can unauthorized users gain access to your confidential data?– Cloud computing companies say that data is secure, but it is too early to be completely sure of that.– Only time will tell if your data is secure in the cloud. 54

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Advantages and disadvantages of cloud computing– Theoretically, data stored in the cloud is safe, replicated across multiple machines.– But on the off chance that your data goes missing, you have no physical or local backup.– Put simply, relying on the cloud puts you at risk if the cloud lets you down. 55