Access to water is a critical first step in humanitarian assistance. Examples of WASH projects that are aimed to provide disaster-affected populations with potable water include: water point rehabilitation, water trucking, temporary bladders, and new water point construction. Water treatment at the source, as opposed to household treatment, is also included in this theme.
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Following the earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004, the emergency response that ensued prioritized the health and wellness of survivors by providing safe drinking water to the affected populations.

The water supply of the rural coastal areas in Sri Lanka is provided by private open dug wells, most of which have been flooded by sea water during the tsunami. The salinity of the well affected proved not to be the main problem, and early attempts to rehabilitate wells failed.

Following the Asian tsunami of 26 December 2004, the vital domestic fresh-water wells in the coastal zone were either scoured out of the ground entirely or filled with salt water, mud, debris and bodies.

We evaluated the ability of UNICEF-designed pot-chlorinators to achieve recommended free residual chlorine (FRC) levels in well water in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, during a cholera outbreak. Thirty wells were randomly selected from six neighbourhoods.

The reliance on chlorination in humanitarian operations has raised concerns among practitioners about possible health risks associated with disinfection by-products; however, to date, there has not been an evaluation of disinfection by-product (DBP) levels in a