Abstract

У статті описано цикли еволюції заперечення у європейських мовах, визначено місце та розвиток категорії заперечення у деяких романських мовах, передусім різних заперечних засобів: заперечних часток, займенників, прислівників.
(The article describes the cycles of evolution of negation in European languages, indicates the place and the development of the category of negation in some Romance languages, especially of various means of negation: negative particles, pronouns,
adverbs. We examine O. Jespersen’s Cycle, which illustrates the development of negation by means of French language, the classification of languages made by M. Haspelmath into three types by strict and non-strict negative concord: in a strict negative-concord language, ordinary full clauses containing an n-word always contain the sentential negator too, irrespective
of the relative position of the two items, on the other hand, in a non-strict negative-concord language, the sentential negator must be omitted when the n-word precedes the finite verb. Strict negative concord is found in today’s Slavonic and Baltic languages, as well as in Romanian, Greek, Hungarian, and Maltese. Non-strict negative concord is found today in Spanish,
Portuguese, and Italian, while Catalan allows both patterns. While Jespersen’s cycle is the best-known historical pathway for the development of sentential negation, it is not the only cyclic development to be found. Croft infers the existence of a second
negative cycle on the basis of the typological distribution of certain negative markers. He notes three synchronic relationships between the expression of negation in existentials and that of ordinary sentential negation. B. Camus Bergareche describes
the evolution of negation in Romance languages, especially the medieval and modern types, which we represent in a table, besides, in this article, we tried to compose the formula of Romanian negative types and negative structures in Roman area.)