Making these healthy changes can also help lower your risk of heart disease and diabetes.

Am I at risk for stroke?
High blood pressure is the number one risk factor for stroke. High blood pressure has no signs or symptoms, so it’s important to get your blood pressure checked regularly.

Ask your doctor how often you need to get your blood pressure checked. You can also ask whether measuring your blood pressure at home is right for you.

Other risk factors for stroke include:

Smoking

Drinking too much alcohol

Diabetes

Physical inactivity and obesity

An irregular heartbeat (atrial fibrillation)

High cholesterol

You are at greater risk of having a stroke as you grow older. You may also be more at risk if someone in your family has had a stroke. Make sure you know your family’s medical history and share it with your doctor.

What is a stroke?
A stroke is sometimes called a “brain attack.” A stroke happens when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked, which can hurt or kill cells in the brain.

Stroke is a leading cause of death in adults. It’s also a common cause of brain damage and long-term disability.

A stroke can cause long-term problems like:

Trouble thinking and speaking

Paralysis (not being able to move some parts of the body)

Trouble controlling or expressing emotions

What are the signs of a stroke?
A stroke happens suddenly – and usually with little warning. Signs of a stroke include:

Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance

Sudden confusion, trouble speaking, or trouble understanding

Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes

Sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg – especially on one side of the body

Sudden, severe headache with no known cause

Having a stroke is a medical emergency. Call 911 right away if you or someone else shows signs of stroke.

Your chances of survival and recovery from a stroke are better if you get emergency treatment right away.

What is a mini-stroke?
A mini-stroke, also called a TIA, has the same symptoms as a stroke, but they don’t last as long. TIA stands for transient ischemic (“is-KEM-ik”) attack.

A TIA happens when blood flow to the brain is blocked for a short period of time – usually a couple of minutes. If you’ve had a TIA, you are at greater risk for having a stroke.

Never ignore a TIA. Call 911 right away if you or someone else shows signs of stroke.

Get your blood pressure checked.
High blood pressure is the most important risk factor for stroke, so it’s important to get your blood pressure checked regularly. Ask your doctor how often you need to get it checked.

If your blood pressure is high, talk with your doctor or nurse about how to lower it – and ask if measuring your blood pressure at home is right for you.

Get your cholesterol checked.
Having high cholesterol can increase your risk of stroke. If your cholesterol is high, you can take steps to lower it.

Quit smoking.
Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do to prevent stroke. After you quit smoking, your risk of stroke and heart disease start to go down.

Get active.
Getting active can help lower your risk of stroke. Aim for 2 hours and 30 minutes every week of moderate aerobic activity, like walking fast or biking.

Get enough sleep.
Sleep is important for staying healthy. Sleep apnea, a sleep disorder that causes people’s breathing to pause during sleep, increases the risk of stroke in middle-aged men and women who have gone through menopause.

Eat healthy.
Eating healthy can help keep your blood pressure and cholesterol under control. Be sure to cut down on foods high in sodium (salt) and saturated fat. Get tips on how to eat less sodium.

Drink alcohol only in moderation.
Drinking too much alcohol can increase your risk of high blood pressure, which is a major cause of stroke. If you choose to drink alcohol, drink only in moderation. This means:

No more than 1 drink a day for women

No more than 2 drinks a day for men

Take steps to prevent type 2 diabetes.
Taking steps to prevent type 2 diabetes – like eating healthy and staying active – can help lower your risk of stroke. If you have diabetes, talk with your doctor or nurse about ways to keep your blood sugar (glucose) in the normal range.

Ask your doctor about taking aspirin every day.
Aspirin can lower your risk of heart attack or stroke by preventing blood clots. Clots are clumps of thickened blood that can block blood flow.

Aspirin is not recommended for everyone. Talk with your doctor to find out if taking aspirin is the right choice for you.

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