Killing of Palestinian Youth Puts an Israeli Focus on Extremism

Relatives at the funeral of eight Palestinians who medics said were killed in an early morning airstrike in the southern Gaza Strip.

Ibraheem Abu Mustafa / Reuters

By STEVEN ERLANGER

July 10, 2014

JERUSALEM — Even as the Israeli public offers strong support for airstrikes on Hamas fighters and their weapons stocks in Gaza, there is a good deal of reflection over the coldblooded killing of a Palestinian teenager that helped lead to the latest increase in violence.

Brutality against innocents is not new on either side of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. But, despite a court order that bans the disclosure of information in the case, Israelis have been discussing links between the suspects arrested in the killing of the teenager, Muhammad Abu Khdeir, and Israeli right-wing extremist groups that have at times operated with impunity.

Very little about the six suspects has been confirmed, because of the court order. But several Israeli media outlets have linked them to extremist groups, describing them as “shababnikkim,” pejorative Hebrew slang for right-wing extremist youth from ultra-Orthodox homes on the fringes of Orthodox society.

Lawyers for Honenu, a right-wing legal aid organization that often defends soldiers and civilians in cases involving attacks on Arabs, said they were representing the suspects. While none have yet been charged, the Israeli news media reported that three had confessed and three were scheduled to be released.

The apparent link to the far right prompted some to bemoan the decay of society’s moral underpinning, with a small group of extremists becoming more brazen. The phenomenon has been traced to the yeshiva student who assassinated Yitzhak Rabin in 1995, to Baruch Goldstein’s massacre of 29 Muslims at prayer in Hebron in 1994, and even to the 1980s, when a “Jewish underground” put explosives in Palestinian buses.

“The moral blindness has afflicted Israelis in general,” Anshel Pfeffer, a respected chronicler of Jewish extremism, wrote in the newspaper Haaretz. “We are all partners in this, accomplices in complacency, if not in deed.”

Deborah Weissman, an educator and president of the International Council of Christians and Jews, said the Palestinian teenager’s killing showed that “we are not immune to extremism, that extremist, religious terror can occur in many, maybe in any, religion.”

She said that though the killers appeared to represent “a very marginal phenomenon,” their very existence demanded that Jewish Israelis reflect on their identity and history.

“We have to present a different view of Jewish history, one that is not about being the absolute victim, and then discuss what the implications are of becoming a state,” she said. “There were times in Jewish history when Jews were victims and powerless, but when you have power you have to exercise it wisely and morally.”

The killing was described by Israeli officials as revenge for the kidnapping and killing of three Israeli teenagers whose bodies were found in shallow graves in the West Bank. The four deaths escalated tensions that had been growing since the collapse of American-led peace talks and that have now set off another round of fighting. Israel’s bombardment of Gaza has reportedly killed some 78 people, including women and children, while Hamas terrifies Israelis with rockets reaching far into the north of the country.

Israelis using a concrete pipe as a shelter Thursday during a Palestinian rocket attack on the southern Israeli village of Nitzan.

Menahem Kahana / Agence France-Presse — Getty Images

According to Ynet, an Israeli news site, the suspects have been closely acquainted for years, and the oldest among them, a man of 30, was driving the car that spirited Muhammad away. The other two who will remain in detention are 17 and are suspected of having played an active part in the murder, Ynet said.

The reports, some of which have been published in the newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth, are that the older man is the son of a well-known rabbi and that he takes psychiatric medication and lives in the settlement of Adam near Jerusalem. Others are said to come from Har Nof, a ultra-Orthodox Jerusalem neighborhood, and Beit Shemesh, but none of these details have been confirmed.

Most reports describe the suspects as outliers in Israeli society, ultra-Orthodox who are often yeshiva dropouts who have picked up some of the anti-Arab views that can be found in some rabbinical writings. The word “shababnikkim” is rooted in the Arabic “shabab,” which means “the youth,” and in Israeli society the word is associated with stone-throwing hooligans.

There have been reports that some of the suspects were “football hooligans,” fervent fans of Beitar Jerusalem, a local soccer team that has a reputation for attracting anti-Arab, nationalist followers. An article in Tablet, an American online publication, suggested that the suspects were part of a more radical group within the Beitar fan base called La Familia. The article is based in part on an article in BuzzFeed that asserted the six all had criminal records and had met through their allegiance to the team.

The Israeli police spokesman, Micky Rosenfeld, and one of the lawyers for the suspects both said they had no knowledge that would confirm a link between the suspects and La Familia.

But the soccer hooligan angle was part of the larger focus on increasing right-wing extremism, including something called “price tag” attacks, and how that fed the undercurrent of hate and dehumanization of Arabs occurring in a segment of the society. The so-called price tag attacks are carried out by organized groups on the fringes of the settler movement who adhere to an “eye for an eye” philosophy, exacting a price for perceived wrongs, even if that means breaking the law.

Rabbi Yoel Bin Nun, a resident of the Israeli settlement of Alon Shvut, spoke about the dangers of fear and “existential anxiety,” because “hate comes from fear.” Addressing Jews who call for revenge, he said, “Your hate is fear, it is weakness, it is an achievement for the enemy.”

Tamir Lion, an anthropologist who studies youth, said he was troubled by the changing attitudes among Israel’s young people. For many years, Mr. Lion interviewed soldiers about why they chose to enter combat units. “The answers,” he said on Israel Radio, “were always about the challenge, to show I could make it, the prestige involved.”

That began to change in 2000, he said. “I started to get answers — not a lot, but some — like: ‘To kill Arabs.’ The first time I heard it, it was at the time of the large terror attacks, and since then it has not stopped.”

A generation has grown up in a period of Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with suicide bombs and military incursions, rocket fire and airstrikes. Young people on both sides may think about the other more as an enemy than as a neighbor.

Mr. Lion, head of research at the Ethos Institute, said he was troubled. “Today I can say, and everyone who works with youth will say it, Jewish youth in Israel hate Arabs without connection to their parents or their own party affiliation and their own political opinions.”