By Douglas A. Harrison With four decades of experience practicing family law in Texas, Connatser Family Law attorney Doug Harrison has helped hundreds of affluent clients navigate the complexities of divorce involving sizeable estates, family business concerns, trusts, retirement accounts, insurance and more. We asked Doug to shed some light on the unique challenges older, wealthy couples face during a gray divorce. According to data analyzed by Pew Research, since 1990, the divorce rate has roughly doubled for adults ages 50 and above and tripled for those ages 65 and older. Clearly, gray divorce is on the rise, but why is this happening? Two big contributing factors are that the baby boomer population is getting older, and they are living longer. Boomers are retiring in droves and their kids have left the nest, which means boomer couples are suddenly spending a lot more time alone together. Consequently, some couples realize all of that togetherness isn’t as great as they hoped. The disdain for extended one-on-one time – by either party or both – is exacerbated when one of the partners transitions from eight to ten hours a day in the office to 24/7 at home. Following retirement, some couples also realize they have very different interests. Perhaps the wife is a real go-getter who loves to socialize and participate in cultural and civic endeavors, while the husband prefers to stay home and tinker around the house or play golf. In addition, many gray divorces we see today are second or third marriages, which have a significantly higher failure rate. While gray divorce can be complicated regardless of how much wealth is involved – learn about gray divorce and social security benefits here – affluent couples often face unique challenges, especially when divorcing later in life. No. 1: Tax issues. Most successful people in business try to take maximum advantage of the tax code. Consequently, couples getting divorced, when significant money, business concerns, and a long-term marriage are involved, have probably dealt with some tax issues along the way. It also isn’t unusual for a couple to think everything is fine from a tax perspective, and then receive a notification from the IRS that they are being audited for a return from a few years back. As a result, the parties may find out there are significant taxes owed that need to be dealt with during the divorce and beyond. Caution is encouraged with respect to these types of issues. No. 2: Estate plan changes. Many affluent couples establish elaborate estate plans, trust agreements, and family limited partnerships to ensure family members are provided for over the long term and taxes are minimized. When a couple contemplates a gray divorce, confusion and disagreements can arise pertaining to how these components will serve family members post-divorce. For example, when the couple created their estate plan, their goals were likely based on providing for the parties as a couple – not as individuals. Concurrently, wealthy couples often set up and contribute assets to family limited partnerships, under which both spouses, and possibly their children, own a percentage interest in that partnership. This ownership structure can result in a lower valuation of an individual’s interest in the partnership for estate tax purposes because of lack of control of the entity. This same issue would likely arise in a valuation for divorce purposes as well. Should the couple decide to divorce, the parties often have different interests and goals. Essentially, they are now paddling the boat in different directions, as self-preservation kicks in! How the family limited partnership is valued and dispersed requires careful...

By Aubrey Connatser Getting divorced can be a costly undertaking, especially if your case ends up going to trial. Unfortunately, some people end up spending more in attorney’s fees than necessary. The good news? If you are planning to divorce, you can rein in costs simply by avoiding the following mistakes. Mistake No. 1: Picking the wrong divorce lawyer It’s extremely important to have a good rapport with the person who will be navigating the divorce process with you. Parties who don’t see eye to eye with their divorce attorneys, typically end up with less consistency in strategy and more time spent in meetings. For example, say you are someone who hopes to settle your divorce as amicably as possible. If you hire an attorney who prefers to handle contentious divorces, you will spend a lot of time and money trying to reach a consensus regarding what to do and why. Not sure how to find the right attorney for your circumstances? Aubrey provides six essential tips for hiring a divorce attorney here. Remember, divorce lawyers bill by the hour. When you have confidence in your lawyer, you probably won’t question him or her as much (not that you shouldn’t question your attorney). In addition, you will probably be more inclined to trust his or her judgment and spend less time agreeing on a strategy. Mistake No. 2: Using your divorce attorney as a therapist Initially, it can be a good thing to explain to your lawyer what led up to your divorce emotionally, because that helps inform him or her as to where you are from a mental health perspective. However, extensively relying on an attorney for emotional support can get expensive. Therapists tend to charge much less than lawyers – depending on who you hire. Mistake No. 3: Not understanding your divorce lawyer’s fee contract Different lawyers charge different fees, so be sure to review how time is billed before signing a contract. Inquire about the lawyer’s hourly rate and how you will be billed for time other people in the firm spend working on your case, such as paralegals and law clerks. You should also ask what sort of retainer is required. Technically, retainers are refundable, so find out what the law firm’s policy is regarding timing of refunds. In addition, find out how the firm bills incremental time entries – by the tenth of an hour, quarter of an hour, etc. Being prepared can help smooth the divorce process. Check out the 18 helpful tools in our divorce toolkit here. Mistake No. 4: Communicating inefficiently with your attorney If you want to keep costs in check, communicate efficiently with your divorce attorney. For example, instead of sending 10 emails throughout the day, send one email with 10 questions at the end of the day. Every time you contact your lawyer, you will be billed for that time – so refrain from hitting “send” whenever possible. You may even consider scheduling a weekly meeting with the attorney and set aside any questions that need to be addressed for that time. That doesn’t mean you can’t communicate more frequently when necessary, but in the long run, weekly meetings can increase efficiency and reduce billable hours significantly. Mistake No. 5: Not reviewing paperwork for accuracy Carefully review any pleadings to ensure everything is accurate from a fact standpoint before they are filed on your behalf. This step can help reduce hourly fees related to correcting mistakes and inaccuracies later. Mistake No. 6: Keeping things from your attorney You should never lie to your doctor, and you should never...

Aubrey Connatser and Guy Rodgers, Texas Lawyer Dramatic increases in the number of older people getting divorced these days have brought to light social security rules that provide additional benefits to divorced people who qualify. These “gray” or Baby Boomer divorces are more common than ever before. A study from the National Center for Family and Marriage found that the U.S. divorce rate for couples age 50 and older doubled between 1990 and 2010, and was even higher for those over 65. The main concern of most people who divorce late in life is whether they will have enough money to live comfortably the rest of their lives. Divorce can drain the coffers of people in their 60s and 70s who may not have a way to rebuild their finances afterward. These older people need a pathway to security, and social security can be an important part of finding that pathway. Social security benefits are based on how long a person has worked, how much money is earned and when the person starts taking benefits. Social security retirement benefits can start at age 62. Full retirement age of people born between 1943 and 1954 is 66 years of age, while benefits max out at age 70. People who may not have worked for wages (such as housewives), worked for low wages or in jobs where social security taxes were not taken out through payroll deduction, may not qualify to receive much of a benefit. Eligibility for certain benefits can also depend on marital status. For divorced, divorcing and married people alike, the key is knowing the most advanced strategies and aggressively pursuing benefits. Claimants must file to determine their benefits, even if they question their eligibility. The Social Security Administration will not come after people waving money. Those who might not otherwise qualify for benefits may be eligible for divorced spousal benefits. A divorced spouse can collect social security retirement benefits based on the work record of an ex- husband or wife under strict conditions. For purposes of this explanation, the spouse filing on the benefits of an ex will be called the filing spouse. The spouse who earned the benefits being filed on will be called the earning spouse. The rules for collecting divorced spousal benefits are as follows: Both the filing spouse and the earning spouse must be at least 62 years of age. The couple must have been married for at least 10 years and divorced for two years. The filing spouse must be unmarried at the time of filing. The marital status of the earning spouse is not a factor. The filing spouse cannot be eligible for a higher benefit based on his or her own work record. For the filing spouse to collect, the earning spouse must be entitled to receive benefits but doesn’t have to be receiving them at the time of filing. No one has to ask an ex’s permission to file and there doesn’t have to be any contact between the exes during this process. Even if the earning spouse is remarried, this filing won’t affect the right to divorcee benefits, nor will it affect his or her retirement benefits or that of a current spouse. Only if the filing spouse remarries will he or she become ineligible for these benefits. Syndicated columnist Tom Margenau recently told the story of a divorced couple, both age 66, who filed on each other’s benefits. For four years, each of them received 50 percent of their ex’s full social security benefit, and it was perfectly legal. This kept their own benefits intact until age...

On January 11, 2016, 84-year-old media mogul Rupert Murdoch and former supermodel Jerry Hall announced their engagement. This will mark the fourth marriage for Murdoch and the first for Hall (she and former, long-time love Mick Jagger were never legally married). You know what that means … It’s time to draft a prenup! With an estimated net worth north of $11 billion (according to Forbes),* and as the father of six children, Murdoch isn’t likely to walk down the aisle until the ink dries on a carefully crafted premarital agreement with Hall. Along with providing for his heirs, the billionaire also has a massive empire to protect – so you can bet his lawyers are hard at work. While Hall isn’t destitute (The Washington Post recently estimated her net worth near $15 million), her bank account pales in comparison to Murdoch’s. For people with considerable assets like Murdoch, signing a prenup with a future spouse is a no-brainer. According to Dallas Divorce Attorney Christine Powers Leatherberry, “Many people like Murdoch and Hall marry later in life and/or for a second or third time in today’s society. This also means they have had time to accumulate more wealth. A premarital agreement can help wealthy individuals protect their assets, provide for children from an earlier marriage and potentially avoid litigation should the couple divorce.” So what DO wealthy individuals typically request when drafting their prenups? We asked Christine to share the top five things her affluent clients require and/or she recommends. No. 1: Opt for an “all property remains separate” premarital agreement. “We refer to this as a ‘roommate’ type of premarital agreement, or ‘what’s mine is mine, and what’s yours is yours.’ A wealthy individual like Murdoch will usually want to ensure NO community property is created during the marriage. He’ll likely agree to cover monthly living expenses and give Hall an allowance and other concessions but require she give up any community property rights,” says Christine. No. 2: Signing bonus. In order to entice the less-monied party to sign a premarital agreement, the affluent party may include financial enticements to seal the deal. As Christine explains, “Many of our wealthy clients offer a set dollar amount to be paid to the less-monied party upon the signing of the agreement – or a ‘signing bonus’ – to ease any reluctance to sign the prenup.” No. 3: Other financial incentives and restrictions. A signing bonus may help close the deal, but spelling out how much money the non-monied spouse will have at his or her disposal following the wedding is also important to Christine’s affluent clients. “It’s helpful for both parties to agree on specific budgets as well as what potential payouts will be offered in the event of a divorce. The more clearly these items are spelled out in a premarital agreement, the less likely the couple will face friction over money later on,” says Christine. Some common line items include: During the marriage: Monthly spending budget for miscellaneous expenses. Shopping budget. Car allowance. In the event of divorce and/or death: Alimony or ‘exit bonus’ – based on duration of marriage – should the couple divorce (may include cash, a home and/or other assets). Provisions for treatment of any retirement plans or employee benefits. Homestead rights – who will live in the couple’s home (or homes) after death, if the residence was separate property. No. 4: Requirements pertaining to wills, trusts and life insurance. In Murdoch’s case, where the future of the family business and six heirs’ livelihoods are at stake, plans undoubtedly have already been made regarding how the...

As a Dallas Family Law Attorney, Christine Powers Leatherberry has heard her share of stories about infidelity and divorce. She also finds most cheaters exhibit common signs or red flags that point to infidelity, especially when they occur in conjunction with other signs. Have a hunch your spouse is cheating? Christine spells out the common signs your suspicions may be true. Signs No. 1 to 5 – Suspicious Phone Behavior According to Christine, “Many telltale signs of cheating have to do with unusual or suspicious behavior regarding the cheater’s phone. Most people can tell something is up when someone acts strange when it comes to their phone or other technology.” These signs may include: Regularly spends more time on the phone than in the past. This is especially true if the spouse is on the phone more frequently and you can tell it’s not about work. Acts secretively with their phone. “For example, if your spouse’s phone is on the coffee table, he or she hears a text come in, then quickly grabs the phone so you can’t see the message, that can be a red flag,” Christine says. Won’t share phone passcodes with you. As Christine explains, “If your spouse won’t share passcodes with you and/or changes passcodes often, he or she may be cheating. Keep in mind though, many companies require employees to update passcodes regularly, so don’t base your suspicions on this one sign alone.” Overly anxious to share phone call, text message and email accounts. In this scenario, the cheater is going to the other extreme. “Just because your spouse shows you his or her phone records, texts and emails, that doesn’t mean they are faithful. One of my clients recently found a burner phone in his wife’s car,” says Christine. Prefers to leave phone in their car overnight. Why give you easy access? Signs No. 6 to 9 – Odd Credit Card Activity “While you would think a cheater wouldn’t charge gifts, hotel stays or fancy dinners for his or her lover on a credit card you share, it happens all the time,” Christine says. Some obvious and not so obvious credit card activities include: Charges for flowers. Per Christine, “It’s surprising how often florist charges come up in our cases (especially during holidays such as Valentine’s Day). Two dozen red roses didn’t go to a client, no matter what he says. Trust your instincts.” Charges for dating sites. “I know, it’s hard to believe, but divorce lawyers see charges to sites such as Match.com, ChristianMingle.com and AshleyMadison.com during divorce cases all the time,” says Christine. Large charges for meals that aren’t work-related. He’s not wining and dining his buddies at fancy restaurants. Refuses to show you credit card statements. If your spouse won’t allow you to see credit card statements or you discover they have a credit card they didn’t tell you about, that’s a big red flag. Signs No. 10 to 12 – Tries to Shift Focus from Them to You According to Christine, “Some cheaters want to deflect the focus away from themselves and on to the non-cheating spouse.” They may say and do things such as: Accusing you of being jealous and/or crazy. Or they say you’re just imagining things, you’re being emotional, etc. Essentially, the cheater may try to belittle the non-cheating spouse to make them question their suspicions. Picking fights over nothing. They try to make you feel guilty for doing something wrong, even though you haven’t. Giving evasive answers to simple questions. “For example, this may take the form of defensiveness when the non-cheating spouse asks why...

After a medical emergency at a Nevada brothel landed Lamar Odom in the hospital, the former NBA star’s future looked dim. Many speculated that he wouldn’t survive. Now, with his estranged wife Khloe Kardashian and family at his side, Lamar appears to be making progress – regaining consciousness, breathing on his own and communicating with loved ones. While Lamar’s health crisis took hold, Khloe wasn’t merely in Nevada, then later in California, to offer moral support. As his legal wife, she was also reportedly making medical decisions regarding Lamar’s care. You see, despite the fact that the two signed their divorce papers this past summer, the backlogged California family court had yet to approve the divorce when Lamar fell ill. (On October 21, Khloe’s attorney successfully asked the court to dismiss the couple’s divorce filing.) According to Dallas Divorce Attorney Abby Gregory, “Since their divorce wasn’t final, Khloe was still legally married to Lamar when his health crisis occurred. If he didn’t have a medical power of attorney or medical directive, she probably had the right to make decisions about his medical care.” While few would argue Khloe didn’t have Lamar’s best interests at heart, many people would feel different about a future ex making those types of decisions. Would You Want a Future Ex Making Medical Decisions for You? Most people don’t expect to experience a life and death medical event during a divorce, but accidents, unexpected health issues and death can occur in the midst of a divorce. This can be especially problematic in contentious divorce cases. Without putting proper paperwork in place or changing existing paperwork, you could have someone you don’t trust making health decisions for you. As Abby explains, “With highly contested divorce cases, we advise our clients to make certain estate planning decisions in advance. Along with updating your will, you can revoke any powers of attorney (financial and medical) that are in place and assign new people to carry out those rights and powers.” Keep in mind, divorcing couples are typically limited to changing powers of attorney, medical directives and wills. “During the divorce, the Standing Order in most counties prohibits you from changing beneficiaries on life insurance, pensions or retirement accounts,” Abby says. What Happens to Your Estate If You Die Mid-Divorce? Many people, assuming they will survive their divorce alive, neglect to update estate planning documents, because following divorce, such documents are generally null and void anyway. However, if you don’t remove your spouse as a beneficiary on your will, and you do die before your divorce is finalized, your spouse remains a beneficiary. “We’ve had cases where someone dies during the divorce process, and the divorce is completely eliminated. Instead, the survivors end up in probate court where property is divided pursuant to the deceased person’s will. If the deceased person neglected to remove the spouse they were trying to divorce as a beneficiary, that spouse will get everything coming to them in the will, just as if the couple had never divorced (which they haven’t),” says Abby. Update Powers of Attorney, Medical Directives and Beneficiaries Post-Divorce According to Abby, “Post-divorce, you have to re-designate your beneficiary designations, because the divorce nullifies previous designations. Along with assigning new beneficiaries, some people, even though they agreed to divorce, still want their ex-spouse as the beneficiary on certain accounts or life insurance policies, often for the benefit of the children.” If you haven’t done so during the divorce process, be sure to prepare updated estate planning documents (wills, powers of attorney, medical directives, etc.) as soon as your divorce is finalized....