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Assuming a 27% active time (use of the PC for 45 hours a week), the energy savings would translate to about $56 per year at the conservative rate of 9c/KWhr. We believe that this is around the same price of what it would cost to build a commoditized version of Somniloquy, and as a result using Somniloquy could pay for itself within a year! We have data that this use model (27% use) is actually quite common (measurements by others)!

2.
Abstract The continuing rise in greenhouse gases (GHG) in Earth’s atmosphere caused by human activity is beginning to alter the delicately balanced climate system. Means to slow down the rate of GHG emissions are needed to avoid catastrophic climate change in the future. While moving from a high-carbon to a low-carbon energy system is the long term solution, more energy efficient cyberinfrastructure can provide some relief in the short term. I will review several projects which Calit2 is carrying out with our UCSD and UCI faculty in energy efficient data centers, personal computers, smart buildings, and telepresence and show how university campuses can be urban testbeds of the greener future.

3.
ICT Could be a Key Factor in Reducing the Rate of Climate Change Applications of ICT could enable emissions reductions of 15% of business-as-usual emissions. But it must keep its own growing footprint in check and overcome a number of hurdles if it expects to deliver on this potential. www.smart2020.org

7.
The Planet is Already Committed to a Dangerous Level of Warming Temperature Threshold Range that Initiates the Climate-Tipping V. Ramanathan and Y. Feng, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD September 23, 2008 www.pnas.orgcgidoi10.1073pnas.0803838105 Additional Warming over 1750 Level Earth Has Only Realized 1/3 of the Committed Warming - Future Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Move Peak to the Right

9.
Global Climatic Disruption Example: The Arctic Sea Ice Mean of all records transformed to summer temperature anomaly relative to the 1961–1990 reference period, with first-order linear trend for all records through 1900 with 2 standard deviations “ A pervasive cooling of the Arctic in progress 2000 years ago continued through the Middle Ages and into the Little Ice Age. It was reversed during the 20th century, with four of the five warmest decades of our 2000-year-long reconstruction occurring between 1950 and 2000. The most recent 10-year interval (1999–2008) was the warmest of the past 200 decades.” Science v. 325 pp 1236 (September 4, 2009)

10.
Global Climatic Disruption Early Signs: Area of Arctic Summer Ice is Rapidly Decreasing &quot;We are almost out of multiyear sea ice in the northern hemisphere--I've never seen anything like this in my 30 years of working in the high Arctic.” --David Barber, Canada's Research Chair in Arctic System Science at the University of Manitoba October 29, 2009 http://news.cnet.com/8301-11128_3-10213891-54.html http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20091029/sc_nm/us_climate_canada_arctic_1

12.
The Earth is Warming Over 100 Times Faster Today Than During the Last Ice Age Warming! http://scrippsco2.ucsd.edu/program_history/keeling_curve_lessons.html CO 2 Rose From 185 to 265ppm (80ppm) in 6000 years or 1.33 ppm per Century CO 2 Has Risen From 335 to 385ppm (50ppm) in 30 years or 1.6 ppm per Year

13.
Atmospheric CO 2 Levels for 800,000 Years and Projections for the 21 st Century www.globalchange.gov/publications/reports/scientific-assessments /us-impacts/download-the-report Source: U.S. Global Change Research Program Report (2009) (MIT Study) (Shell Study)

14.
The Latest Science on Global Climatic Disruption An Update to the 2007 IPCC Report www.copenhagendiagnosis.org

15.
Climate Change Will Pose Major Challenges to California in Water and Wildfires “ It is likely that the changes in climate that San Diego is experiencing due to the warming of the region will increase the frequency and intensity of fires even more, making the region more vulnerable to devastating fires like the ones seen in 2003 and 2007.” California Applications Program (CAP) & The California Climate Change Center (CCCC) CAP/CCCC is directed from the Climate Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

18.
The Global ICT Carbon Footprint is Significant and Growing at 6% Annually! www.smart2020.org <ul><li>the assumptions behind the growth in emissions expected in 2020: </li></ul><ul><li>takes into account likely efficient technology developments that affect the power consumption of products and services </li></ul><ul><li>and their expected penetration in the market in 2020 </li></ul>Most of Growth is in Developing Countries

19.
Reduction of ICT Emissions is a Global Challenge – U.S. and Canada are Small Sources U.S. plus Canada Percentage Falls From 25% to 14% of Global ICT Emissions by 2020 www.smart2020.org

20.
The Global ICT Carbon Footprint by Subsector www.smart2020.org The Number of PCs (Desktops and Laptops) Globally is Expected to Increase from 592 Million in 2002 to More Than Four Billion in 2020 PCs Are Biggest Problem Data Centers Are Rapidly Improving

33.
Energy-Efficient Networking: Hybrid Electrical-Optical Switch <ul><li>Build a Balanced System to Reduce Energy Consumption </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Dynamic Energy Management </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Use Optics for 90% of Total Data Which is Carried in 10% of the Flows </li></ul></ul><ul><li>SEED Testbed in Calit2 Machine Room and Sunlight Optical Switch </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Hybrid Approach Can Realize 3x Cost Reduction; 6x Reduction in Cabling; and 9x Reduction in Power </li></ul></ul>

34.
Application of ICT Can Lead to a 5-Fold Greater Decrease in GHGs Than its Own Carbon Footprint <ul><li>Major Opportunities for the United States* </li></ul><ul><ul><li>Smart Electrical Grids </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Smart Transportation Systems </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Smart Buildings </li></ul></ul><ul><ul><li>Virtual Meetings </li></ul></ul><ul><li>* Smart 2020 United States Report Addendum </li></ul><ul><li>www.smart2020.org </li></ul>While the sector plans to significantly step up the energy efficiency of its products and services, ICT’s largest influence will be by enabling energy efficiencies in other sectors, an opportunity that could deliver carbon savings five times larger than the total emissions from the entire ICT sector in 2020. --Smart 2020 Report