Ähnliche Präsentationen

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Plato and the New Mythology of German Idealism Tae-Yeoun Keum Harvard University

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First I will speak of an idea here that, as far as I know, has still not occurred to anyone else. We must have a new mythology, but this mythology must be in the service of the ideas; it must be a mythology of reason. Zuerst werde ich hier von einer Idee sprechen, die, soviel ich weiß, noch in keines Menschen Sinn gekommen ist – wir müssen eine neue Mythologie haben, diese Mythologie aber muß im Dienste der Ideen stehen, sie muß eine Mythologie der Vernunft werden. - Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism (1795/6)

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First I will speak of an idea here that, as far as I know, has still not occurred to anyone else. We must have a new mythology, but this mythology must be in the service of the ideas; it must be a mythology of reason. Zuerst werde ich hier von einer Idee sprechen, die, soviel ich weiß, noch in keines Menschen Sinn gekommen ist – wir müssen eine neue Mythologie haben, diese Mythologie aber muß im Dienste der Ideen stehen, sie muß eine Mythologie der Vernunft werden. - Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism (1795/6)

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First I will speak of an idea here that, as far as I know, has still not occurred to anyone else. We must have a new mythology, but this mythology must be in the service of the ideas; it must be a mythology of reason. Zuerst werde ich hier von einer Idee sprechen, die, soviel ich weiß, noch in keines Menschen Sinn gekommen ist – wir müssen eine neue Mythologie haben, diese Mythologie aber muß im Dienste der Ideen stehen, sie muß eine Mythologie der Vernunft werden. - Oldest Systematic Program of German Idealism (1795/6)

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By the time of Goethe it was possible to speak rationally of myth. - Christopher Jamme, Portraying Myth More Convincingly: Critical Approahces to Myth in the Classical and Romantic Periods, in International Journal of Philosophical Studies 12, no. 1 (2004): 29-45, 34.

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The argument of the Oldest Systematic Program for: the abolition of the state a new mythology * The OSP calls for an ethics for the coming age. Ethics as a system of all ideas However, the state is not an idea. We must therefore go beyond the state!

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The argument of the Oldest Systematic Program for: the abolition of the state a new mythology * The state is not one of the ideas that make up the ethics, but other ideas are. These ideas are subordinate to higher idea: beauty In the service of the idea of beauty, philosophy must become aesthetic, like poetry. The philosophy of the spirit is an aesthetic philosophy.

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The argument of the Oldest Systematic Program for: the abolition of the state a new mythology * Similarly in the service of the ideas, we must have a new mythology Just as philosophy must become aesthetic in accordance with the highest idea, Ideas themselves should be made aesthetic, i.e. mythological mythology must become philosophical … philosophy must become mythological

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… through reason itself the overthrow of all superstition… …absolute freedom of all sprits, which carry the intellectual world in themselves… …the highest act of reason is an aesthetic act since it comprises all ideas… Monotheism of reason and the heart…

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Friedrich Schlegel, Dialogue on Poesy (1799) // Gesprach über die Poesie Reason is unitary and is the same in everyone; but just as each person has his own nature and his own love, so too does he carry his own poesy inside himself. Die Vernunft ist nur eine und in allen dieselbe: wie aber jeder Mensch seine eigne Natur hat und seine eigne Liebe, so trägt auch jeder seine eigne Poesie in sich.

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A shared midpoint of poetry and of poets Parallel in Greek mythology (canonical) Diverse poetry grounded in it (poetry draws from mythology) Diverse poetry arrive at it (poetry builds up material for mythology) Celebrates diverse individuality of poetry and its poets Community-building the new mythology is

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F.W.J. Schelling, System of Transcendental Idealism (1800) // System des transcendentalen Idealismus Philosophy was born and nourished by poetry in the infancy of knowledge, and with it all those sciences it has guided toward perfection. We may thus expect them, on completion, to flow back like so many individual streams into the universal ocean of poetry from which they took their source. Nor is it in general difficult to say what the medium [Mittelglied] for this return of science to poetry will be; for in mythology such a medium existed, before the occurrence of a breach now seemingly beyond repair…

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A shared midpoint of poetry and of poets A midpoint between historical stages of human knowledge The apparatus of the organic state A way of grasping knowledge that escapes conscious reason the new mythology is

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This is what it is to go aright, or be led by another, into the mystery of Love: one goes always upwards for the sake of this Beauty, starting out from beautiful things and using them like rising stairs: from one body to two and from two to all beautiful bodies, then from beautiful bodies to beautiful customs, and from customs to learning beautiful things, and from these lessons he arrives in the end at this lesson, which is learning of this very Beauty, so that in the end he comes to know just what it is to be beautiful. - Symposium, 211c-d

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Friedrich Schlegel, Dialogue on Poesy (1799) // Gesprach über die Poesie For Plato, on the other hand, representation and its perfection and beauty are not means, but rather an end in themselves. That is why, strictly speaking, his form is already thoroughly poetic. Dem Plato hingegen ist die Darstellung und ihre Vollkommenheit und Schönheit nicht Mittel, sondern Zweck an sich. Darum ist schon seine Form, streng genommen, durchaus poetisch.

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Friedrich Hölderlin, Hyperion (1797-9) And if I spoke a warm word about ancient Greece, they yawned and declared that one had to live in the present; and another added with an air of significance that still today, good taste had not vanished. … One quipped like a sailor and another puffed out his cheeks and preached maxims.

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Friedrich Hölderlin, Hyperion (1797-9) To ward off flies, that is our work in the future; and to gnaw at the things of the world as children gnaw at the dried iris root, that is our joy in the end. To grow old among youthful people seems to me a pleasure, but to grow old where all is old seems to me worse than all else.

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unity in diversity the new mythology provides (with history and the present time) (approximations of the highest ideal) (through the highest ideal)

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A shared midpoint of poetry and of poets A midpoint between historical stages of human knowledge The apparatus of the organic state A way of grasping knowledge that escapes conscious reason the new mythology is A way of understanding the present age

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Friedrich Hölderlin, Hyperion (1797-9) O! nonetheless, nonetheless I would be a stranger on earth, and no god would link me to the past anymore. … So I came among the Germans.