1. Commercial energy consumption shows an increasing trend and poses the major challenge for the future.A. The demand, for petroleum, during 1996 – 97 and 2006 – 07 is anticipated to be 81 million tonnes and 125 million tonnes respectively.B. According to the projections of the 14th Power Survey Committee Report, the electricity generation requirements from utilities will be about 416 billion units by 1996 – 97 and 825 billion units by 2006 – 07.C. The production of coal should reach 303 million tonnes by 1996 – 97 to achieve Plan targets and 460 million tonnes by 2006 – 07.D. The demand for petroleum products has already outstripped indigenous production.6. Electricity is going to play a major role in the development of infrastructural facilities.

1. The necessity for regional integration in South Asia is underlined by the very history of the last 45 years since the liquidation of the British Empire in this part of the world.A. After the partition of the Indian Subcontinent, Pakistan was formed in that very area which the imperial powers had always marked out as the potential base for operations against the Russian power in Central Asia.B. Because of the disunity and ill-will among the South Asian neighbours, particular India and Pakistan, great powers from outside the area could meddle into their affairs and thereby keep neighbours apart.C. It needs to be added that it was the bountiful supply of sophisticated arms that emboldened Pakistan to go for warlike bellicosity towards India.D. As a part of the cold war strategy of the US, Pakistan was sucked into Washington’s military alliance spreading over the years.6. Internally too, it was the massive induction of American arms into Pakistan which empowered the military junta of that country to stuff out the civilian government and destroy democracy in Pakistan.

1. The success of any unit in a competitive environment depends on prudent management sources.A. In this context it would have been more appropriate if the concept of accelerated depreciation, together with additional incentives towards capital allowances for recouping a portion of the cost of replacements out of the current generations, had been accepted.B. Added to this are negligible retention of profits because of inadequate capital allowances and artificial disallowance’s of genuine outflows.C. One significant cause for poor generation of surpluses is the high cost of capital and its servicing cost.D. The lack of a mechanism in India tax laws for quick recovery of capital costs has not received its due attention.6. While this may apparently look costly from the point of view of the exchequer, the ultimate cost of the Government and the community in the form of losses suffered through poor viability will be prohibitive.

1. Count Rumford is perhaps best known for his observations on the nature of heat.A. He undertook several experiments in order to test the theories of the origin of frictional heat.B. According to the calorists, the heat was produced by the “caloric” squeezed out of he chips in the process of separating them from the larger pieces of metal.C. Lavoisier had introduced the term “caloric” for the weightless substance heat, and had included it among the chemical elements, along with carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.D. In the munitions factory in Munich, Rumford noticed that a considerable degree of heat developed in a brass gun while it was being bored.6. Rumford could not believe that the big amount of heat generated could have come from the small amount of dust created.

1. Visual recognition involves storing and retrieving of memories.A. Psychologists of the Gestalt School maintain that objects are recognised as a whole in a procedure.B. Neural activity, triggered by the eye, forms an image in the brain’s memory system that constitutes an internal representation of the viewed object.C. Controversy surrounds the question of whether recognition is a single one-step procedure or a serial step-by-step one.D. When an object is encountered again, it is matched with its internal recognition and thereby recognised.6. The internal representation is matched with the retinal image in a single operation.

1. The idea of sea-floor spreading actually preceded the theory of plate tectonics.A. The hypothesis was soon substantiated by the discovery that periodic reversals of the earth’s magnetic field are recorded in the oceanic crust.B. In its original version, it described the creation and destruction of ocean floor, but it did not specify rigid lithospheric plates.C. An explanation of this process devised by F.J. Vine and D.H. Mathews of Princeton is now generally accepted.D. The sea-floor spreading hypothesis was formulated chiefly by Harry H. Hess of Princeton University in the early 1960’s.6. As magma rises under the mid-ocean, ferromagnetic minerals in the magma become magnetised in the direction of the geomagnetic field.

1. The history of mammals dates back at least to Triassic time.A. Miocene and Pliocene time was marked by culmination of several groups and continued approach towards modern characters.B. Development was retarded, however, until the sudden acceleration of evolutional change that occurred in the oldest Paleocene.C. In the Oligocene Epoch, there was further improvement, with appearance of some new lines and extinction of others.D. This led in Eocene time to increase in average size, larger mental capacity, and special adaptations for different modes of life.6. The peak of the career of mammals in variety and average large size was attained in this epoch.

1. The death of cinema has been predicted annually.A. It hasn’t happened.B. It was said that the television would kill it off and indeed audiences plummeted reaching a low in 1984.C. Film has enjoyed a renaissance, and audiences are now roughly double of what they were a decade ago.D. Then the home computer became the projected nemesis, followed by satellite television.6. Why? Probably because, even in the most atomized of societies, we human beings feel the need to share our fantasies and our excitement.

1. Hiss was serving as Head of the Endowment on August 3, 1948, when Whittaker Chambers reluctantly appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee.A. Chambers, a portly rumpled man with a melodramatic style, had been a Communist courier but had broken with the party in 1938.B. When Nixon arranged a meeting of the two men in New York, Chambers repeated his charges and Hiss his denials.C. Summoned as a witness, Hiss denied that he had ever been a Communist or had known Chambers.D. He told the Committee that among the members of a secret Communist cell in Washington during the 1930s was Hiss.6. Then, bizarrely, Hiss asked Chambers to open his mouth.

1. Since its birth, rock has produced a long string of guitar heroes.A. It is a list that would begin with Chuck Berry and continue with Hendrix, Page and Clapton.B. These are musicians celebrated for their sheer instrumental talent, and their flair for expansive, showy and sometimes self-indulgent solos.C. It would also include players of more recent vintage, like Van-Halen and Living Colour's Vemon Reid.D. But with the advent of alternative rock and grunge, guitar heroism became uncool.6. Guitarists like Peter Buck and Kurt Cobain shy away from exhibitionism.