Classification according to cause and severity

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Hernias can also be classified according to their origin or cause. For example, congenital hernias occur as birth defects that have affected the abdominal wall of the newborn. Acquired hernias on the other hand, develop later in life for a variety of different reasons.

Hernias may also be categorized according to their severity and may be described as either complete or incomplete, for example. Complete hernia refers to when the entire organ protrudes through a weakened area of tissue, while incomplete hernia refers to when only part of the organ protrudes through.

Other classifications

Some other ways of categorizing hernia are described below.

Intraparietal hernias are hernias that do not reach the subcutis and only protrude as far as the musculoaponeurotic layer. These hernias may cause less bulging and can therefore be more difficult to detect.

Internal hernias protrude within the body, while external hernias protrude through to the outside of the body.

Reducible hernia refers to when the protruding tissue can be moved back to its original site using simple manipulation, while an irreducible hernia cannot be moved back.

Irreducible hernia can lead to the following complications:

Strangulation: The contents of the hernia become pressured and blood supply is compromised leading to cell death and gangrene.

Obstruction: Bowel contents may no longer be able to pass through an area of herniated bowel, leading to cramps and vomiting.

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