If the private key is lost, the bitcoin network will not recognize any other evidence of ownership;[32] the coins are then unusable, and effectively lost. For example, in 2013 one user claimed to have lost 7,500 bitcoins, worth $7.5 million at the time, when he accidentally discarded a hard drive containing his private key.[78] About 20% of all bitcoins are believed to be lost. They would have a market value of about $20 billion at July 2018 prices.[79]
سعر البيتكوين غير مستقر ومن المُحتمل جدا أنك سمعت بأخبار تجاوز بيتكوين لحاجز 11000 دولار صعودا أو نزولا. هناك من يعتقد بأن هذا السعر مُبالغ فيه، لكن هناك كثيرون يعتقدون بأنه سعر لا يُعطي للبيتكوين حقه. من بين الأسباب التي تدفع إلى اعتقاد ذلك هو كون البيتكوين سلعة تحتاج إلى قدر كبير من الكهرباء لإنتاجها ويُفترض أن يكون سعرها على الأقل مُقاربا لسعر الكهرباء التي تم استهلاكها لإنتاجها أو أعلى بقليل بحكم قيام المُنقبين بدور حيوي لشبكة بيتكوين، وبالتالي يجب أن يكون هناك ما يدفعهم للقيام ذلك. بإمكاننا معرفة ما يربحه المنقبون من العمليات التي يقومون بها بشكل دقيق، حيث هناك مواقع تنشر هذه الإحصائيات جاهزة، لكن يُمكن التحقق من ذلك عبر تحليل سجل حسابات بيتكوين أيضا. لدى كتابة هذه السطور استطاع المُنقبون تحقيق $3,925,863 خلال الساعات الـ24 الماضية، قد يبدو هذا المبلغ ضخما، لكن القيام بعمليات التنقيب تلك احتاجت إلى 11,388,578 جيجا هاش /الثانية وهو أيضا رقم كبير جدا ويحتاج إلى قدر ضخم من الكهرباء للقيام بذلك. ليس من السهل معرفة تكلفة القيام بذلك لكن يُمكن القيام ببعض الحسابات التي ستعطينها فهما تقريبيا للوضع. The successful miner finding the new block is allowed by the rest of the network to reward themselves with newly created bitcoins and transaction fees.[88] As of 9 July 2016,[89] the reward amounted to 12.5 newly created bitcoins per block added to the blockchain, plus any transaction fees from payments processed by the block. To claim the reward, a special transaction called a coinbase is included with the processed payments.[7]:ch. 8 All bitcoins in existence have been created in such coinbase transactions. The bitcoin protocol specifies that the reward for adding a block will be halved every 210,000 blocks (approximately every four years). Eventually, the reward will decrease to zero, and the limit of 21 million bitcoins[f] will be reached c. 2140; the record keeping will then be rewarded solely by transaction fees.[90]
As can be seen from the data on this page, Ethereum’s price has been enormously volatile and therefore highly unpredictable over the short-term. However, longer-term trends are easier to predict, with fundamental metrics such as the total number of developers, community discussion and GitHub pull requests indicating a more accurate future price trend. Other methods to predict the price of Ethereum include metrics such as Network Value to Transaction ratio (NVT ratio) and the relative prices between coins. The method that we find most interesting is in that of the Ethereum-based prediction market, Augur. These predictions source the “wisdom of the crowd” to determine the likelihood of an outcome occurring and provide a significant level of insight into the market sentiment. Network nodes can validate transactions, add them to their copy of the ledger, and then broadcast these ledger additions to other nodes. To achieve independent verification of the chain of ownership each network node stores its own copy of the blockchain.[76] About every 10 minutes, a new group of accepted transactions, called a block, is created, added to the blockchain, and quickly published to all nodes, without requiring central oversight. This allows bitcoin software to determine when a particular bitcoin was spent, which is needed to prevent double-spending. A conventional ledger records the transfers of actual bills or promissory notes that exist apart from it, but the blockchain is the only place that bitcoins can be said to exist in the form of unspent outputs of transactions.[7]:ch. 5

Until relatively recently, building blockchain applications has required a complex background in coding, cryptography, mathematics as well as significant resources. But times have changed. Previously unimagined applications, from electronic voting & digitally recorded property assets to regulatory compliance & trading are now actively being developed and deployed faster than ever before. By providing developers with the tools to build decentralized applications, Ethereum is making all of this possible.

Both blockchains have the same features and are identical in every way up to a certain block where the hard-fork was implemented. This means that everything that happened on Ethereum up until the hard-fork is still valid on the Ethereum Classic Blockchain. From the block where the hard fork or change in code was executed onwards, the two blockchains act individually. Network nodes can validate transactions, add them to their copy of the ledger, and then broadcast these ledger additions to other nodes. To achieve independent verification of the chain of ownership each network node stores its own copy of the blockchain.[76] About every 10 minutes, a new group of accepted transactions, called a block, is created, added to the blockchain, and quickly published to all nodes, without requiring central oversight. This allows bitcoin software to determine when a particular bitcoin was spent, which is needed to prevent double-spending. A conventional ledger records the transfers of actual bills or promissory notes that exist apart from it, but the blockchain is the only place that bitcoins can be said to exist in the form of unspent outputs of transactions.[7]:ch. 5 Ethereum was proposed in late 2013 by Vitalik Buterin, a cryptocurrency researcher and programmer. Development was funded by an online crowdsale that took place between July and August 2014.[4] The system then went live on 30 July 2015, with 72 million coins "premined". This accounts for about 68 percent of the total circulating supply in 2019. [5]