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Monarchy - A United Kingdom

BBC documentary about the history of the Monarchy

A monarchy is a form of government in which sovereignty is
actually or nominally embodied in a single individual (the monarch).

Forms of monarchy differ widely based on the level of legal
autonomy the monarch holds in governance, the method of selection of
the monarch, and any predetermined limits on the length of their
tenure. When the monarch has no or few legal restraints in state and
political matters, it is called an absolute monarchy and is a form
of autocracy. Cases in which the monarch's discretion is formally
limited (most common today) are called constitutional monarchies. In
hereditary monarchies, the office is passed through inheritance
within a family group, whereas elective monarchies are selected by
some system of voting. Historically these systems are most commonly
combined, either formally or informally, in some manner. (For
instance, in some elected monarchies only those of certain pedigrees
are considered eligible, whereas many hereditary monarchies have
legal requirements regarding the religion, age, gender, mental
capacity, and other factors that act both as de facto elections and
to create situations of rival claimants whose legitimacy is subject
to effective election.) Finally, there are situations in which the
expiration of a monarch's reign is set based either on the calendar
or on the achievement of certain goals (repulse of invasion, for
instance.) The effect of historical and geographic difference along
each of these three axes is to create widely divergent structures
and traditions defining "monarchy."