Semester 1 Final Review

Rome Review

Rome 1

The lack of new conquest hurt the Roman Empire because it didn't allow Rome to acquire new sources of .

Stoicism was a philosophy that stressed duty, endurance and .

The Romans built aqueducts to bring fresh water to and towns.

The was used as a check on the Roman Republic leaders so that these leaders wouldn't get too powerful.

A and the rise of a powerful ruler, Julius Ceasar, was the main cause of Rome changing from a republic to an Empire.

After the second century, Roman citizens were increasingly ignorant of Roman politics which led to less citizen involvement in During the 5th century, Rome was weakened by problems, they were open to invasion from the German tribes.

Word List

internal

External

cities

farms

civil war

assassinations

wealth

Stoicism

virtue

trade

Senate

Congress

Rome 2

The military of Rome was less effective after the second century because soldiers were no longer loyal to the .

A person being innocent until proven was an important principle of Roman law.

Roman engineers used many shapes to help them design buildings.

Because of its location, the Byzantine Empire was affected by both .

A struggle between the and the Byzantine Emperors caused a schism in Christianity.

Romes emphasis on mosaics and sculpture influenced later approach to art.

Word List

pope

Cesear

innocent

guilty

geometric

Emperor

civilizations

King

east and west

north and south

Rome 3

Contantinople's location was of great benefit because it was on major trade routes between and Asia.

The main difference between the Roman Catholic church and the Eastern Orthodox church is the head of has authority over the Eastern Orthodox church and the pope has authority over the Roman Catholic church.

Constantine stopped the persecution of which helped their religion flourish.

Word List

Jews

Muslims

Christians

Africa

Europe

state

Empire

Islam Review

Islam 1

Muslims called Jews and Christians "people of the book" because they had writings with some similarities to the Qur'an.

Muhammad and his followers migrated to the Yathrib because they were in Mecca.

Muhammad was a religious, , and political leader.

Muslims believe that Muhammad spread Islam after he received revelations from the angel .

The Shari'ah is a system of taken from the Qur'an and Sunnah.

Following the is an Islamic custom or law that affects the daily lives of Muslims in addition to the Five Pillars of Islam.

Word List

military

sacred

Sunnah

faith

persecuted

Islam

Gabriel

Abraham

laws

rules

spread

Islam 2

Islam expansion included the continent of .

The significance of the Qur'an to Muslims is that it is the major of their lives.

The Sunnah shows Muslims how to live their .

One important element that made Cordoba a major cultural center was its .

The Abbasid government's policy of including all people helped create a golden age because the most people were able to participate in government and cultural life.

By the time Muhammad died in 632 c.e., Muhammad had used both diplomacy and military force to spread to most of the Arabian Peninsula.

Creating an numbering system was an important contribution of Muslim Scholars

Word List

Asia

Africa

Arabic

English

libraries

hospitals

talented

wealthy

business

faith

influence

Islam

Judaism

Islam 3

The first caliphs began a military campaign to conquer other regions in order to the religion of Islam.

The pilgrimage to Mecca helped unify the Muslim Empire because people from all over the empire could be together to share their language and .

The use of human images on is NOT a contribution to Muslim Art.

Al-khwarizmi's study, entitled Hisab al-jabr, became the basis of .

The House of Wisdom in Baghdad gave scholars access to thousands of from all over the world.

The greatest contribution of Muslim scholar's to western civilization was their preservation and advancing from previous cultures.

Islam, Judaism, and Christianity shared a belief in Heaven and hell and their descent from .

The impact of introducing Arabic as the language of government for all Muslim lands was that people throughout the empire could with one another.

Word List

culture

knowledge

business

books

Abraham

communicate

religious

algebra

architecture

buildings

spread

Africa Review

Africa 1

The Niger river had an important effect on the economy of West Africa because it was an important line of , transportation, and trade.

Gold, , and crops were goods West Africa traded to North Africa.

Being close to the routes was the factor that contributed the most to the growth of the empires of Ghana and Mali.

Most of the salt resources in Africa were located in the desert region of .

Due to increased trade for West Africa, cities became centers of trade, , and education.

The Berbers were a significant people in the history of West Africa because the established routes and spread the religion.

Word List

salt trade

river

Islam

Oral

communication

Ghana

slaves

trade

religion

Africa 2

Islam influenced West Africa, however, some people adopted Islam while others kept beliefs.

Government changed in West Africa after the introduction of Islam as the influenced West African laws.

Mansa Musa brought and scholars back to Mali after his pilgrimage to Mecca.

Many West Africans learned Arabic because it increased in the empire since the amount of printed material increased.

The increase of using the Arabic language in Africa resulted in less dependence on the traditions of many tribal villages.

Timbuktu was an important city in the Mali empire because it was the center for and learning.

Word List

river

Islam

Qur'an

literacy

Oral

architects

scholarship

trade

religion

customs

traditional

Asia Review

Asia 1

The Tang government created the bureaucracy in order to the enormous empire.

The restoration of old was done in an effort to reunify China after the fall of the Han Dynasty.

Building more helped the Tang dynasty strengthen the unity of China.

After the fall of the Han dynasty, people turned to Buddhism which taught people how to escape from .

Confucianism stressed achievement of morality through which demonstrates Buddhism's influence on Confucianism.

Administration of a showed the influence of Confucianism on the Chinese government.

Word List

education

govern

state examination

traditions

roads and canals

suffering

Asia 2

The Song increase participation in the government by citizens from different classes was changing the civil service exam to include more subjects.

is the beverage that originated in China and became popular first in Europe and then throughout the world.

The Chinese method of making paper was historically important because their method made it possible to produce paper in larger .

The was the Chinese invention that had a major impact on later global exploration.

Wood-block printing affected the lives of Chinese when it was introduced in the 700s because it increased literacy in the empire since the amount of printed material .

The development of gun powder historically important because its use changed how were fought.

Word List

magnetic compass

practical

quantity

increased

Tea

wars

Asia 3

Prince Shotoku of Japan, was impressed by Chinese culture so he sent Japanese to study in China.

Because of Japan's geographical location, its culture was influenced by ideas from China and .

A was a useful Chinese contribution to Japan's culture.

The Japanese reaction to Buddhism was that they combined aspects of Buddhism with their religion.

Japanese government officials were guided by principles which was an influence from Chinese principles.

The warrior code, bushido, required samurai to live with honor, loyalty, and .

Word List

traditional

scholars

Confucian

writing system

Korea

bravery

Asia 4

Japan became a military society when a took control, reducing the emperor to a figurehead.

The samurai, particularly in the 14th and 15th centuries, contributed to Japanese culture by developing the Buddhism customs of tea drinking and flower arranging.

The samurai's position in Japan's military society was that they formed a class.

The role of the samurai in later centuries was that they took jobs in the .

When the Mongols came to power, standards no longer determined government positions.

Word List

warrior

shogun

bureaucracy

Confucian

Zen

Asia 5

Japan's national code of conduct in the 19th and 20th centuries was based on .

A strict system resulted from the lord-vassal system in medieval Japan.

The relationship between daimyo and samurai was that the samurai formed the daimyo's private .

was valued most highly by the Japanese samurai.

Bushido shaped the culture of Japan by values and traditions continuing to appeal to the Japanese into the 1900s.