Distribution and populationPhylloscartes kronei occurs in coastal São Paulo (from the rio Ribeira floodplain south(Willis and Oniki 1992), Parana, Santa Catarina and at two localities in extreme north-east Rio Grande do Sul (Bencke et al. 2000, G. A. Bencke in litt. 2000), Brazil. Recent fieldwork suggests that it is distributed throughout sandplain forest within its limited range, and that it can be locally not uncommon (Willis and Oniki 1992).

Population justificationThe population is estimated to number 2,500-9,999 mature individuals based on an assessment of known records, descriptions of abundance and range size. This is consistent with recorded population density estimates for congeners or close relatives with a similar body size, and the fact that only a proportion of the estimated Extent of Occurrence is likely to be occupied. This estimate is equivalent to 3,750-14,999 individuals, rounded here to 3,500-15,000 individuals.

Trend justificationThis species is suspected to be declining rapidly, in line with rates habitat loss within its range.

EcologyIt inhabits woodland edge, second growth and scrubby woodlands in sandy coastal restingas and adjacent riverine forest(Willis and Oniki 1992). At least in the breeding season, it apparently prefers swampy areas with standing water (Remold and Ramos Nieto 1995). It feeds on small insects by sallying and gleaning, sporadically associating with mixed-species flocks (Gussoni 2008). The diet consists mainly of arthropods, especially Coleoptera and Hymenoptera, with some fruit, mainly of Clusia criuva and Ternstroemia brasiliensis (Gussoni 2010). Pairs seem to maintain small territories spaced 100-200 m from their neighbours(Willis and Oniki 1992). It breeds in the austral spring: nest building takes place in September and October, and fledged young are observed being fed by their parents in November and December (Willis and Oniki 1992, Remold and Ramos Nieto 1995, Gussoni 2010). An oven-shaped nest, comprised of lichens and moss, has been described, situated 1.3 m from the ground in a low bush. It contained two young (Remold and Ramos Nieto 1995).

ThreatsThere is rapid and on-going clearance of suitable habitat for beachfront dwellings, notably on Ilha Comprida, and future pressure on restingas are likely to be great. Fires, started deliberately or accidentally, are also a threat.

Conservation Actions UnderwayIt occurs in 11 protected areas (C. O. A. Gussoni in litt. 2012), including Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe Environmental Protection Area; Ilha do Cardoso State Park, where there is little suitable habitat; Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station, including the recently added 10,000 ha Banhados de Iguape area(P. Develey and A. C. De Luca in litt. 2007), and Ilha do Superagüi National Park (Wege and Long 1995). Conservation Actions ProposedSurvey to ascertain and monitor its status. Ensure the de facto protection of reserves where it occurs, especially in the south-west of Ilha Comprida.

Recommended citation
BirdLife International (2015) Species factsheet: Phylloscartes kronei. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 02/08/2015.
Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2015) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from
http://www.birdlife.org on 02/08/2015.

This information is based upon, and updates, the information published in BirdLife International (2000)
Threatened birds of the world. Barcelona and Cambridge, UK: Lynx Edicions and BirdLife International, BirdLife International (2004)
Threatened birds of the world 2004 CD-ROM and BirdLife International (2008) Threatened birds of the world 2008 CD-ROM. These sources provide the information for species accounts for the birds on the IUCN Red List.

To provide new information to update this factsheet or to correct any errors, please email BirdLife