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where f is the Coriolis parameter defined as twice the vertical component of the Earth's angular velocity, Ω, about the local vertical given byf = 2Ω sin (θ) at latitude θ. Finally, x subscript corresponds to the zonal component and the y subscript to the meridional one. In addition, the Upwelling Index (UI) can be defined as the Ekman transport component in the direction perpendicular to the shoreline by means of UI= Q⊥ = −sin(θ)Qx + cos(θ)Qy, where θ = π/2 + ϕ and ϕ is the angle of the unitary vector perpendicular to the shoreline pointing landward.
I fail to understand the sentence in RED, can somebody explain to me by using "figure"?