In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite list of well-defined instructions for calculating a function. Algorithms are used for calculation, data processing, and automated reasoning. In simple words an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for calculations. Starting from an initial state and initial input (perhaps empty), the instructions describe a computation that, when executed, will proceed through a finite number of well-defined successive states, eventually producing "output" and terminating at a final ending state. The transition from one state to the next is not necessarily deterministic; some algorithms, known as randomized algorithms, incorporate random input. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm">Wikipedia article: Algotithm</a>)

Altmetrics are new metrics proposed as an alternative to the widely used journal impact factor and personal citation indices like the h-index. The term altmetrics was proposed in 2010, as a generalization of article level metrics, and has its roots in the twitter #altmetrics hashtag. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altmetrics">Wikipedia article: Altmetrics</a>)

Amazon Web Services (abbreviated AWS) is a collection of remote computing services (also called web services) that together make up a cloud computing platform, offered over the Internet by Amazon.com. The most central and well-known of these services are Amazon EC2 and Amazon S3. Launched in July 2002, Amazon Web Services provide online services for other web sites or client-side applications. Most of these services are not exposed directly to end users, but instead offer functionality that other developers can use in their applications. Amazon Web Services’ offerings are accessed over HTTP, using REST and SOAP protocols. All services are billed based on usage, but how usage is measured for billing varies from service to service. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Web_Services">Wikipedia article: Amazon Web Services</a>)

An amplified event exploits various technologies to extend the reach of an event. This can include: enhancing discussions at the event through use of technologies such as Twitter; enhancing access to talks to remote audiences through video or audio streaming; 'time-shifting' access to resources. (Excerpt from <a href="http://www.jisc.ac.uk/media/documents/events/2011/03/jisc11goodybag/sess... source</a>)

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. Google Inc. purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Inc., in 2005. Android's mobile operating system is based on a modified version of the Linux kernel. Google and other members of the Open Handset Alliance collaborated on Android's development and release. The Android Open Source Project (AOSP) is tasked with the maintenance and further development of Android. The Android operating system is the world's best-selling Smartphone platform. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)">Wikipedia article: Android (operating system)</a>)

The Apache HTTP Server, commonly referred to as Apache, is web server software notable for playing a key role in the initial growth of the World Wide Web. In 2009 it became the first web server software to surpass the 100 million website milestone. Apache was the first viable alternative to the Netscape Communications Corporation web server (currently known as Oracle iPlanet Web Server), and has since evolved to rival other web servers in terms of functionality and performance. Typically Apache is run on a Unix-like operating system. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server">Wikipedia article: Apache HTTP Server</a>)

The Apache License is a copyfree free software license authored by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). The Apache License requires preservation of the copyright notice and disclaimer. All software produced by the ASF or any of its projects or subjects is licensed according to the terms of the Apache License. Some non-ASF software is also licensed using the Apache License. As of November 2010, over 6000 projects located at SourceForge.net were available under the terms of the Apache License. In a blog post from May 2008 Google mentioned that 25,000 out of the 100,000 projects then hosted on Google Code were using the Apache License. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_License">Wikipedia article: Apache licenses</a>)

An application programming interface (API) is a particular set of rules and specifications that a software program can follow to access and make use of the services and resources provided by another particular software program that implements that API. It serves as an interface between different software programs and facilitates their interaction, similar to the way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface">Wikipedia article: API</a>)

In computer science, an application profile is a set of metadata elements, policies, and guidelines defined for a particular application. The elements may be from one or more element sets, thus allowing a given application to meet its functional requirements by using metadata from several element sets including locally defined sets. For example, a given application might choose a subset of the Dublin Core that meets its needs, or may include elements from the Dublin Core, another element set, and several locally defined elements, all combined in a single schema. An application profile is not complete without documentation that defines the policies and best practices appropriate to the application. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_profile">Wikipedia article: Application profile</a>)

ArchiMate is an open and independent enterprise architecture modelling language to support the description, analysis and visualization of architecture within and across business domains in an unambiguous way. ArchiMate is a technical standard from the Open Group and is based on the concepts of the IEEE 1471 standard. It is supported by various tool vendors and consulting firms. (Excerpt from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArchiMate">Wikipedia article: ArchiMate</a>)