Textbook-Integrated Guide to Educational Resources

TIGER

Author of "The Flyleaf Periodic Table" RespondsRoy W. ClarkSince publication of our letter about the multiple forms of periodic tables presented in the flyleaf of textbooks I have received many replies. To these readers and any others who were puzzled by our recommendation I offer this explanation.Clark, Roy W. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1493.

Periodicity / Periodic Table

The Periodic Table: Facts or Committees?William B. JensenI would like to offer two observations relative to the recent letter of Clark and White on the representation of the f-block elements in the periodic table that relate to some disturbing trends in the attitudes of the chemical community towards the nature and use of the periodic tableattitudes that are implicit, though perhaps not intentionally so, in their letter.Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1491.

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Response to "The Flyleaf Periodic Table"Laurence LavelleClark and White wonder why the chemistry education community has not uniformly adopted just one form of the periodic table. Part of the answer is that the majority who are silent on this issue do not want to be attacked by the vocal proponents who insist that lanthanum and actinium must be in the f-block and lutetium and lawrencium must be in the d-block.Lavelle, Laurence. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1491.

Periodicity / Periodic Table

The Flyleaf Table: An AlternativePhilip J. StewartIn their consideration of three ways of treating the f-block elements in the standard periodic table, Clark and White opt to footnote a set 15-elements-wide, including both La and Lu, Ac, and Lr. Their only grounds seem to be that this is what IUPAC chose in 2005, but that decision sounds like an attempt to please everyone, which in the end will please no one.Stewart, Philip J. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1490.

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Artistic Periodic Table in Honor of MendeleevAntonio Marchal IngrainA large periodic table was placed on the main faade of the Sciences Building at the University of Jan (Spain) in November 2007 in honor of Mendeleev on the 100th anniversary of his death and in recognition of the Spanish Year of Science.Ingrain, Antonio Marchal. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1489.

Forecasting Periodic Trends: A Semester-Long Team Exercise for Nonscience MajorsJohn TierneyTeams of students in a course for nonscience majors identify trends among the properties of elements in the periodic table, use Excel to plot and produce best-fit equations to describe relationships among those properties, and apply the resulting formulas to predict and justify the properties of missing elements.Tierney, John. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 1215.

Connecting Solubility, Equilibrium, and Periodicity in a Green, Inquiry Experiment for the General Chemistry LaboratoryKristen L. Cacciatore, Jose Amado, Jason J. Evans, and Hannah SevianPresents a novel first-year chemistry experiment that asks students to replicate procedures described in sample lab reports that lack essential information. This structure is designed to promote students' experimental design and data analysis skills as well as their understanding of the importance and essential qualities of written and verbal communication between scientists.Cacciatore, Kristen L.; Amado, Jose; Evans, Jason J.; Sevian, Hannah. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 251.

The Different Periodic Tables of Dmitrii MendeleevMichael LaingBetween 1869 and 1905 the Russian chemist Dmitrii Mendeleev published several tables with different arrangements of the chemical elements. Four of these are compared with periodic tables by Russian scientists from 1934 and 1969.Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 63.

Descriptive Chemistry |

Enrichment / Review Materials |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

The New Periodic Table Live!We have brought back everyone's favorite program: Periodic Table Live! It has seen many improvements while retaining its sterling qualities. Perhaps best of all, the current version is available free to everyone from JCE Online and the ChemEd Digital Library.J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 22.

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Concept Maps for General Chemistry Boyd L. EarlTwo concept maps have been developed to represent the organization of the material in a first-semester general chemistry course. By providing these maps to students and referring to them in class, it is hoped that the instructor can assist students in maintaining a grasp of the "big picture" during the progress of the course.Earl, Boyd L. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1788.

Mistake of Having Students Be Mendeleev for Just a DayBrett CriswellThis article discusses several conceptual features underlying a genuine understanding of the periodic table and describes a set of activities focused on promoting such awareness in students using the FERA (focus, explore, reflect, and apply) learning cycle model.Criswell, Brett. J. Chem. Educ.2007, 84, 1140.

Dulong and Petit's Law: We Should Not Ignore Its ImportanceMary Laing and Michael LaingThis article describes two student exercises: the determination of the specific heat of a metal and hence its atomic weight and a graphical study of specific heat versus atomic weight for different groups of metals and the confirmation of Dulong and Petit's law.Laing, Mary; Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 1499.

Calorimetry / Thermochemistry |

Heat Capacity |

Metals |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Acrostic Puzzles in the ClassroomDorothy SwainAcrostic puzzles are an effective vehicle to expose students to the history and philosophy of science without lecturing.Swain, Dorothy. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 589.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Enrichment / Review Materials |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Nonmajor Courses |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Probing the Orbital Energy of an Electron in an AtomJames L. BillsThis article answers an appeal for simple theoretical interpretations of atomic properties. A theoretical snapshot of an atom, showing the screened nuclear charge and the electron to be ionized at its radius of zero kinetic energy, enables anyone to approximate its ionization energy.Bills, James L. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 473.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Main-Group Elements |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Physical Properties |

Quantum Chemistry |

Theoretical Chemistry

The History of Element 43—TechnetiumRoberto ZingalesThe author is grateful for additional information that allowed him to correct an earlier mistake.Zingales, Roberto. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 213.

Isotopes |

Nuclear / Radiochemistry |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

The History of Element 43—TechnetiumFathi HabashiThe article From Masurium to Trinacrium: The Troubled Story of Element 43 is the best story so far published about the history of technetium. There is, however, one paragraph on the right column of page 226 that is questionable.Habashi, Fathi. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 213.

Isotopes |

Nuclear / Radiochemistry |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

The History of Element 43—TechnetiumFathi HabashiThe article From Masurium to Trinacrium: The Troubled Story of Element 43 is the best story so far published about the history of technetium. There is, however, one paragraph on the right column of page 226 that is questionable.Habashi, Fathi. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 213.

Are Some Elements More Equal Than Others?Ronald L. RichPresents a new periodic chart with 18 columns but no interruptions of atomic numbers at Lanthanum or Actinum, and no de-emphasis of elements 57-71 or 89-103 by seeming to make footnotes of them. It shows some elements more than once in order to illuminate multiple relationships in chemical behavior. Rich, Ronald L. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1761.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Descriptive Chemistry |

Inner Transition Elements |

Main-Group Elements |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Oxidation State |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Transition Elements

Trends in Ionization Energy of Transition-Metal ElementsPaul S. MatsumotoExamines why, as the number of protons increase along a row in the periodic table, the first ionization energies of the transition-metal elements are relatively steady, but that for the main-group elements increases.Matsumoto, Paul S. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 1660.

More Elementary RiddlesKevin CunninghamFour chemical riddles are presented, each highlighting an element (hydrogen, arsenic, selenium, and beryllium) and some of its significant properties. Each riddle is accompanied by a full explanation of its clues and their relationship to characteristics of that element. Cunningham, Kevin. J. Chem. Educ.2005, 82, 539.

The Mendeleev-Seaborg Periodic Table: Through Z = 1138 and BeyondPaul J. KarolExtending the periodic table to very large atomic numbers and its implications for the organization of the periodic table, consideration of relativistic effects, and the relative stability of massive and supermassive atomic nuclei.Karol, Paul J. J. Chem. Educ.2002, 79, 60.

Using History to Teach Scientific Method: The Role of ErrorsCarmen J. GiuntaThis paper lists five kinds of error with examples of each from the development of chemistry in the 18th and 19th centuries: erroneous theories (phlogiston), seeing a new phenomenon everywhere one seeks it (Lavoisier and the decomposition of water), theories erroneous in detail but nonetheless fruitful (Dalton's atomic theory), rejection of correct theories (Avogadro's hypothesis), and incoherent insights (J. A. R. Newlands' classification of the elements). Giunta, Carmen J. J. Chem. Educ.2001, 78, 623.

Ionization Energies, Parallel Spins, and the Stability of Half-Filled ShellsPeter CannThree methods for explaining the decrease in first ionization energies between group V and group VI elements are described and commented upon. The quantum mechanical origin of the unhelpful concept of half-shell stability is explained in terms of exchange energy, for which the alternative term parallel spin avoidance factor is suggested. It is recommended that for pre-university students the simplest explanation, in terms of Coulombic repulsion between two electrons occupying the same orbital, is adopted: it involves fewer difficult concepts than the other explanations and its predictions are no less accurate. Cann, Peter. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 1056.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Quantum Chemistry |

Theoretical Chemistry

A Living Periodic TableJames L. MarshallA complete "living" periodic table of samples of all the elements through uranium is described. In many instances a sample of an element is accompanied by a direct commercial application. This periodic table is very helpful in enabling the student to gain a hands-on understanding of the true nature of the elements--as opposed to the more usual compilation of mere abstract data.Marshall, James L. J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 979.

A Different Approach to a 3-D Periodic System Including Stable IsotopesAlexandru T. BalabanOn a Periodic System with the two dimensions represented by Periods and Columns, one may stack each stable nuclide of an element along the third dimension. This "Downtown Area" representation is helpful for interconnecting concepts of: element, isotope or nuclide (stable vs. radioactive), atomic weight, atomic number, mass number. Balaban, Alexandru T. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 359.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Isotopes |

Nuclear / Radiochemistry

Periodic Tables of Elemental AbundanceSteven I. DutchPatterns of element abundance in the sun, chondrite meteorites, and the continental crust of the earth and the moon are portrayed on a periodic table. The abundance of each element is represented by a circle whose radius is proportional to the logarithm of the element's abundance. Dutch, Steven I. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 356.

How Good Is the Quantum Mechanical Explanation of the Periodic System?Eric R. ScerriThe use of quantum mechanics, or more specifically, orbitals and electronic configurations in teaching general chemistry is now such a widespread trend that it would be utterly futile to try to reverse it. Moreover, orbitals and configurations have been extremely useful in providing a theoretical framework for the unification of a multitude of chemical facts. Scerri, Eric R. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 1384.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Quantum Chemistry |

Theoretical Chemistry

In Defense of Quantum NumbersRobert M. RichmanA recent paper has argued that the derivation of the periodic table using quantum numbers is a topic that should be eliminated from introductory chemistry courses because it is too abstract, mysterious, and esoteric. A rebuttal is offered based on the claim that it would be wrong to omit discussions of the inductive approach of Mendeleev and the deductive approach initiated by Schroedinger, because they compose the consummate example of that interaction of empirical and rational epistemologies that defines how chemists think. Richman, Robert M. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 536.

Learning Theories |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Quantum Chemistry

A Note on the Term "Chalcogen"William B. JensenIt is argued that the best translation of the term "chalcogen" is "ore former." It is further suggested that the term chalcogenide should be replaced with the term chalcide in order to maintain a parallelism with the terms halogen and halide. Jensen, William B. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 1063.

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Descriptive Chemistry

The Periodic Building of the Elements: Can a Periodic Table Be Transformed into a Stereo One?Fu-cheng He, Xiang-yuan LiA periodic table of any size can be transformed into a stereo model which is called the Periodic Building of the Elements (PBE). To construct the PBE a submodel of the main group and the transition elements should be made in advance, and then a submodel of the lanthanides and the actinides is made in a simple procedure. The whole model is obtained by simply combining these two submodels together. He, Fu-cheng; Li, Xiang-yuan . J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 792.

Die Chemischen Elemente: Ein Streifzug durch das Periodensystem by Lucien F. Truebreviewed by George B. KauffmanA Ramble through the Periodic System is divided into two parts: Part I, "The Conception of the Elements and the Periodic System" (14 pp), and Part II, "The Elements" (381 pp). The first considers the idea of the elements from Democritus to Lavoisier, the discovery and development of the periodic system, and the origin of the elements, including nucleosynthesis. The second, consisting of 23 chapters, describes each of the elements from hydrogen and its isotopes (16 pp) to the heaviest of the known transactinides (element 112). Kauffman, George B. J. Chem. Educ.1997, 74, 344.

Periodicity / Periodic Table

NMR Shielding and the Periodic TableI. P. Gerothanassis and C. G. KalodimosThe object of this article is to find periodic, structurally significant observables that can be correlated to the nuclear shielding or alternatively to investigate whether chemical shift can be used to intensify the periodic disposition of valence electrons. Gerothanassis, I. P.; Kalodimos, C. G. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 801.

Electronic Configuration Pattern Found in Pascal's TriangleRobert L. DuncanA simple method for revealing the electronic configuration pattern within Pascal's Triangle is discussed. The origin of this unique pattern may be part of a combinatoric and is suggested a link may be made to quantum mechanics. Based on this triangular array an alternate representation of the Periodic Table is presented.Duncan, Robert L. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 742.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Quantum Chemistry |

Atomic Properties / Structure

SIRS: Simulations and Interactive Resources, IIIMartin, John S.Simulations and Interactive Resources (SIRs) are designed to support interactive lectures in introductory chemistry. This third issue of SIRs includes five new SIRs as well as updated and final versions of all previously published SIRs.Martin, John S. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 722.

Moseley's Work on X-Rays and Atomic NumberC. W. HaighExplanation of the relationship between Moseley's work in determining atomic numbers, the spectrum of the hydrogen atom, the Bohr theory, and Slater's rules for screening constants.Haigh, C. W. J. Chem. Educ.1995, 72, 1012.

Studying Activity Series of Metals: Using Deep-Learning StrategiesHoon, Tien-Ghun; Goh, Ngoh-Khang; Chia, Lian-SaiUses a unit of the activity series of metals to demonstrate the teaching of the interrelationships between chemical concepts by linking new information to previously known material.Hoon, Tien-Ghun; Goh, Ngoh-Khang; Chia, Lian-Sai J. Chem. Educ.1995, 72, 51.

Visualization of the Abstract in General ChemistryPaselk, Richard A.A series of software programs for beginning chemistry, including a series of modules addressing the fundamental phenomena associated with bonding, the microscopic phenomena underlying commonly observed systems, and a reference periodic table.Paselk, Richard A. J. Chem. Educ.1994, 71, 225.

The best Aufbau mnemonic: The periodic tableLudwig, Oliver G.Using the periodic table exclusively to rationalize electron assignments has the advantage of emphasizing the experimental aspect of the science and avoids giving the impression that chemistry is nothing but a set of mysterious rules.Ludwig, Oliver G. J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 430.

Periodic properties in a family of common semiconductors: Experiments with light emitting diodesLisensky, George C.; Penn, Rona; Geselbracht, Margret J.; Ellis, Arthur B.The prevalence of LED's and their low cost make LED's ideal for classroom demonstrations or laboratory experiments showing the connection between periodic trends in physical/chemical properties and a common high tech device.Lisensky, George C.; Penn, Rona; Geselbracht, Margret J.; Ellis, Arthur B. J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 151.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Semiconductors

KC? Discoverer with Knowledgeable CounselorCabrol, Daniel; Moore, John W.; Rittenhouse, Rita C.KC? Discoverer is a program that permits students and faculty to explore a wide range of properties of the elements and is closely coordinated with the periodic table.Cabrol, Daniel; Moore, John W.; Rittenhouse, Rita C. J. Chem. Educ.1992, 69, 40.

A procedure for determining formulas for the simple p-block oxoacidsKildahl, Nicholas K.Formulae for p-block oxoacids baffle high school and undergraduate students. This paper presents a procedure for developing these formulas based on the concept of total coordination number of the central atom in the molecule or ion.Kildahl, Nicholas K. J. Chem. Educ.1991, 68, 1001.

Acids / Bases |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Collecting and using the chemical elementsSolomon, Sally; Bates, Donald J.The Royal Society of Chemistry "Periodic Table of Elements" poster succeeds in attracting the attention of people who walk past it. This paper discusses the assembly of the element display, prices, sources, and handling tips for each element and specific suggestions about how to use the elements in classroom situations.Solomon, Sally; Bates, Donald J. J. Chem. Educ.1991, 68, 991.

Periodicity / Periodic Table

KC? Discoverer: Exploring the properties of the chemical elementsLiebel, MichaelThis software program allows users to explore a large number of properties of the elements. The program can find all elements associated with a certain property, graph numeric properties against other numeric properties, list elements, sort elements, and use the periodic table to select elements.Liebel, Michael J. Chem. Educ.1991, 68, 956.

The periodicity of electron affinityMyers, R. ThomasIn general, the values of electron affinity for the elements can be understood in terms of their ground state electron configuration, and the screening (effective nuclear charge) exerted on the added electron by the electrons already present in the neutral atom.Myers, R. Thomas J. Chem. Educ.1990, 67, 307.

The electronic periodic chart of the elementsvon Marttens Osorio, Hernan; Goldschmidt, AlfonsoA scheme for the arrangement of the elements that allows students to understand and write down the electronic configuration of any given element.von Marttens Osorio, Hernan; Goldschmidt, Alfonso J. Chem. Educ.1989, 66, 758.

"The Periodic Stack"Farris, MikeA Hypercard stack that operates on a data base of information about the properties and reactions of the chemical elements.Farris, Mike J. Chem. Educ.1989, 66, 756.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Descriptive Chemistry |

Physical Properties

The periodic table - A new arrangementLaing, MichaelSuggestion for a new arrangement of elements in the periodic table to best indicate the relationships between subgroups.Laing, Michael J. Chem. Educ.1989, 66, 746.

Designing a periodic table: A laboratory approachIrons, Mary E.What follows is a laboratory approach to help students gain some insight to the relationship of the elements on the table and also to help students review the scientific method.Irons, Mary E. J. Chem. Educ.1989, 66, 155.

Principles of electronegativity Part I. General natureSanderson, R. T.The concept of electronegativity has been modified, expanded, and debated. The concept can be used to help students gain valuable insights and understanding of the cause-and-effect relationship between atomic structure and compound properties. This is the first in a series of articles that explores the important concept of electronegativity.Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ.1988, 65, 112.

Electrochemistry |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Noncovalent Interactions |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Physical Properties |

Enrichment / Review Materials

Periodic contractions among the elements: Or, on being the right sizeMason, JoanContraction across the row, irregularities in the build up of the periodic table, the second row anomaly relativistic contraction and expansion among the heavier elements, post-transition anomaly, periodicities of physicochemical properties.Mason, Joan J. Chem. Educ.1988, 65, 17.

Using chemistry's crystal ballAllen, BillAn exercise requiring students to identify nine elements, each suggested by a set of four to six clues describing physical and chemical properties of an element.Allen, Bill J. Chem. Educ.1987, 64, 227.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Physical Properties |

Descriptive Chemistry |

Enrichment / Review Materials

An upward view of the periodic table: Getting to the bottom of itGuenther, William B.Develops the 18-group basis of the periodic table; shows that, while the 1-18 designations can give unambiguous information to students, no printed designations are needed for teaching; and shows how to obtain unique, physical group definitions that avoid the problems of conflicting and changeable chemical interpretations.Guenther, William B. J. Chem. Educ.1987, 64, 9.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Atomic Properties / Structure

The periodic table as a data baseGoth, George W.76. Bits and pieces, 31. A software program helps students better understand periodicity.Goth, George W. J. Chem. Educ.1986, 63, 836.

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Features associated with chemical elements (FACES)Larsen, Russell D.72. Chemical education is in need of new and better visual representation for correlating and condensing the vast amount of experimental data that has been accumulated for chemical and physical phenomenon. The periodic table in this note represents these properties through various facial features, allowing for an identification of patterns in the table.Larsen, Russell D. J. Chem. Educ.1986, 63, 505.

Periodicity / Periodic Table

Exploring chemistry by computer: KC? Discoverer Feng, Aw; Moore, John W.70. Bits and pieces, 28. This program provides students with a computer-searchable handbook of chemical facts for all the elements.Feng, Aw; Moore, John W. J. Chem. Educ.1986, 63, 327.

A LAP on moles: Teaching an important conceptIhde, JohnThe objective of the Learning Activity Packet on moles include understanding the basic concept of the mole as a chemical unit, knowing the relationships between the mole and the atomic weights in the periodic table, and being able to solve basic conversion problems involving grams, moles, atoms, and molecules. [Debut]Ihde, John J. Chem. Educ.1985, 62, 58.

Stoichiometry |

Nomenclature / Units / Symbols |

Chemometrics |

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

E-Z s,pLeach, John M.Easier method for recalling the filling order of orbitals.Leach, John M. J. Chem. Educ.1984, 61, 652.

Building a periodic tableFowler, Linda S.The activity described in this paper yielded comments such as, "I've never had so much fun taking a test. That was great" and "That lady must be crazy - that was impossible". Student understanding of periodic trends are authentically challenged and assessed in this problem.Fowler, Linda S. J. Chem. Educ.1981, 58, 634.

A classroom learning cycle: Using diagrams to classify matterJames, Helen J.; Nelson, Samuel L.A learning cycle is developed that deals with the classification of matter and is designed to provide students with an understanding in terms of atom, molecule, element, compound, solution, and heterogeneous matter. [Debut]James, Helen J.; Nelson, Samuel L. J. Chem. Educ.1981, 58, 476.

Empirical formulasRyan, Dennis P.This question forces one to duplicate the line of reasoning used by Dalton in his initial formulation of atomic weights; it tests for the ability to deduce atomic sizes and to calculate empirical formulas.Ryan, Dennis P. J. Chem. Educ.1979, 56, 528.

Using the Aufbau principle Whitmer, John C.This question is written with the belief that general chemistry students should not only attain an understanding of the Aufbau principle enabling them to write down electron configurations, they ought also recognize the correspondence between the quantum numbers and the structures of the periodic table.Whitmer, John C. J. Chem. Educ.1978, 55, 515.

What is an element?Kolb, DorisReviews the history of the discovery, naming, and representation of the elements; the development of the spectroscope and the periodic table; radioactive elements and isotopes; allotropes; and the synthesis of future elements.Kolb, Doris J. Chem. Educ.1977, 54, 696.

Chemical aspects of Bohr's 1913 theoryKragh, HelgeThe chemical content of Bohr's 1913 theory has generally been neglected in the treatises on the history of chemistry; this paper regards Bohr as a theoretical chemist and discusses the chemical aspects of his atomic theory.Kragh, Helge J. Chem. Educ.1977, 54, 208.

Aufbau principle: A simple model for demonstrationSagi, Seetarama RajuThis electrical model of the atom used light bulbs to illustrate how the electron density gradually increases around the nucleus with successive additions of electrons to the various orbitals.Sagi, Seetarama Raju J. Chem. Educ.1970, 47, 648.

Electronegativities and group IVA chemistryPayne, Dwight A., Jr.; Fink, Frank HallThe teacher of inorganic chemistry should present the representative elements of group IVA and their properties as an intellectual and empirical form of investigation rather than as a mere collection of information.Payne, Dwight A., Jr.; Fink, Frank Hall J. Chem. Educ.1966, 43, 654.

Models for demonstrating electronegativity and "partial charge"Sanderson, R. T.Describes a three-dimensional set of atomic models arranged periodically to illustrate trend in electronegativity and the use of molecular models to illustrate important concepts in general chemistry. Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ.1959, 36, 507.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Molecular Modeling |

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Crystals / Crystallography |

Nonmetals

The atomic form periodic tableStrong, Frederick C.Presents an "atomic form" of the periodic table, which offers some advantages to the standard organization.Strong, Frederick C. J. Chem. Educ.1959, 36, 344.

Periodicity / Periodic Table

A demonstration model illustrating the aufbau principleEverett, D. H.Describes the construction of a physical device capable of illustrating the relationship between the relative energies of electron orbitals in many-electron atoms, the electronic structure of atoms, and the periodic table.Everett, D. H. J. Chem. Educ.1959, 36, 298.

A schematic representation of valenceSanderson, R. T.This paper describes a new chart representing the valence structure of atoms; by studying this chart, with the help of a few simple rules, students of elementary chemistry can acquire a useful understanding of chemical combination.Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ.1958, 35, 541.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Enrichment / Review Materials |

Transition Elements |

Metals |

Nonmetals

Teaching electron configurationsEichinger, Jack W., Jr.Time can be saved and confusion avoided by developing a systematic chart of the elements based on the energy levels of atomic orbitals very early in the general college chemistry course.Eichinger, Jack W., Jr. J. Chem. Educ.1957, 34, 504.

Atomic Properties / Structure |

Periodicity / Periodic Table

A periodic table and new periodic functionsSzabo, Z. G.; Lakatos, B.A theoretically correct yet simple periodic system may be obtained by rearranging the long periodic table in such a way that the inert gases are situated in the middle.Szabo, Z. G.; Lakatos, B. J. Chem. Educ.1957, 34, 429.

A helical periodic tableRice, William E.A three-dimensional representation of the periodic table can provide an additional coordinate to represent the difference between subgroups without disrupting the vertical sequence of elements in a whole group.Rice, William E. J. Chem. Educ.1956, 33, 492.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Atomic Properties / Structure

A new periodic chart with electronegativitiesSanderson, R. T.This paper describes a new chart that has been designed to portray clearly and vividly patterns in relative atomic radius, electronic configuration, and electronegativity.Sanderson, R. T. J. Chem. Educ.1956, 33, 443.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Atomic Properties / Structure

A new periodic table based on the energy sequence of atomic orbitalsWalker, W. R.; Curthoys, G. C.Since the theory of atomic and molecular orbitals has proven to be of such value in interpreting the data of inorganic chemistry, it is hoped that a new periodic table based on the energy sequence of atomic orbitals will be an aid to the further systematizing of chemical knowledge.Walker, W. R.; Curthoys, G. C. J. Chem. Educ.1956, 33, 69.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Atomic Properties / Structure

A variable periodic systemScheer, RoderichThis variable periodic system uses small cards to represent each elements and can be arranged to illustrate the short or long forms of the periodic table.Scheer, Roderich J. Chem. Educ.1955, 32, 590.

A cut-out chart of the periodic systemClauson, Jennie E.Colored discs in a cylinder of transparent plastic represent the arrangement of elements in the periodic table. Also provides a chart that can be cut out and turned into a similar cylinder.Clauson, Jennie E. J. Chem. Educ.1954, 31, 550.

Demonstration of the intermediate position of cobalt between iron and nickelGoldstein, Ernst M.The different oxidizability of ferrous, cobaltous, and nickelous hydroxides, together with increasing color deepness of the oxidation products, can be used to demonstrate that cobalt is intermediate in its properties between iron and nickel.Goldstein, Ernst M. J. Chem. Educ.1953, 30, 387.

The long form of the periodic tableGlockler, George; Popov, A. I.The authors comment on the independent publication of a periodic table similar to one they produced earlier.Glockler, George; Popov, A. I. J. Chem. Educ.1952, 29, 358.

The periodic table: The 6d-5f mixed transition groupCoryell, Charles D.With relatively few modifications, the Bohr-type periodic table presented by Glocker and Popov can be made to reflect more instructively the rather complex relationships obtained in the neighborhood of the 4f or gadolinium transition group and, more importantly, in the 6d-5f sequence extending from actinium through the region of uranium and the synthetic earths to element 103.Coryell, Charles D. J. Chem. Educ.1952, 29, 62.

Periodicity / Periodic Table |

Transition Elements |

Atomic Properties / Structure

The lanthanide contraction as a teaching aidKeller, R N.This paper presents a modified form of the atomic volume curve that illustrates graphically the lanthanide contraction; a number of chemical consequences of this effect are also discussed.Keller, R N. J. Chem. Educ.1951, 28, 312.