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Yingli Green Energy Holding Company Limited is engaged in the design, development, marketing, manufacture, installation, and sale of photovoltaic (PV) products in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and overseas markets.
The company’s products and services substantially cover the entire PV industry value chain, ranging from crystalline polysilicon ingots and wafers, PV cells and PV modules to the manufacture of PV systems and the installation of PV systems, and starting from 2012, to development and operation of solar projects. Its end-products include PV modules and PV systems in different sizes and power outputs. The company sells PV modules under its own brand names, Yingli and Yingli Solar, to PV system integrators and distributors located in various markets worldwide, including China, the United States, Germany, Greece, Spain, Italy, France, India, Japan, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Israel, South Korea, and Belgium. The company also offers its products in Malaysia.
The company’s products and services include the manufacture of polysilicon ingots and wafers, PV cells, PV modules and integrated PV systems and development and operation of solar projects, which encompass substantially the entire PV industry value chain, with the manufacture of polysilicon feedstock being the only significant exception.
Polysilicon Ingots and Blocks
A polysilicon ingot is formed by melting, purifying and solidifying polysilicon feedstock into a brick-shaped ingot. The company mainly produces 400 kilogram, 540 kilogram, 560 kilogram, 600 kilogram and 800 kilogram multicrystalline polysilicon ingots, which account for approximately 90% of its ingots. The polysilicon ingots are then cut into blocks. Its polysilicon blocks are generally available in cuboid with the same face size of 156 millimeters x 156 millimeters and different heights. The company uses its polysilicon blocks to produce polysilicon wafers.
Polysilicon Wafers
The polysilicon blocks are then sliced into wafers with wire saws. Thinner wafers enable a use of polysilicon, and lower the cost per watt of power produced. The thickness of the company’s wafers was 180 microns as of December 31, 2013. The diameter of the company’s wires was 130 microns as of December 31, 2013. Its wafers are generally available in the size of 156 millimeters x 156 millimeters.
PV Cells
A PV cell is a device made from a polysilicon wafer that converts sunlight into electricity by a process known as the PV effect. The conversion efficiency of a PV cell is the ratio of electrical energy produced by the cell to the energy from sunlight that reaches the cell.
In addition, the company has commercialized 600 megawatts of monocrystalline production capacity for each of monocrystalline ingots and wafers, cells and modules in Baoding, Hebei Province. These production lines are designed to produce next-generation monocrystalline PV cells based on the technology developed through Project PANDA, a collaboration project among the company, the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, a solar research center in Europe, and Tempress Systems, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Amtech Systems, Inc., a global supplier of production and automation systems and related supplies for the manufacture of PV cells. The company generally uses all of its PV cells in the production of its PV modules.
PV Modules
A PV module is an assembly of PV cells that are electrically interconnected, laminated and framed in a durable and weatherproof package. Most of the company’s PV modules are made with PV cells produced by it. A majority of PV modules produced by the company have outputs ranging from 190 to 330 watts.
Integrated PV Systems
The company produces PV systems and also design, assemble, sell and install PV systems for lighting systems, mobile communication base stations and residential applications. It typically installs these systems on-site for its customers. For its larger PV systems, the company works with the customers on-site to design, install, test and oversee the system start-up.
Markets and Customers
The products that the company sells are primarily PV modules. These modu

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