This number of 13 articles in English by means of students from numerous international locations matters questions within the Pentateuch. Seven are on the e-book of Genesis: using 'adam in Genesis i-v; the Toledot of Adam; Genesis x within the mild of Babylonian geography; the location of Salem; the date and composition of Genesis xiv; Abraham's righteousness in Genesis xv 6; the Hagar culture in Genesis xvi and xxi.

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80 32 The Shaman and the Heresiarch The Chu ci has gotten caught up in this debate allied with the antiauthoritarians, but the era of free enterprise has allowed for new, less ideological discussions of the anthology. The most interesting of these come from those scholars who alloy their study of the Chu ci with the new perspectives afforded by the recent archaeological finds. Few of the materials discovered in the tombs bear directly on the study of the Chu ci; there have been no manuscripts of the poems or commentaries on them.

The source he most depended on for information about this was the Jiu zhang poems. Like most scholars before him, he took them as the authentic work of Qu Yuan, and on the basis of the supposed geographic information in them, he drew maps of the path Qu Yuan traveled, which he appended to the poems. 64 Another scholar who placed vast knowledge at the service of traditional assumptions was Dai Zhen 戴震 (1723‒1777), one of the greatest philologists and philosophers of the Qing dynasty. —all of which he applied to the many enigmas in the Chu ci.

Nevertheless, the idea that the classics contained truths inscribed there by the Sage Kings and Confucius went unchallenged. 55 During the Ming dynasty, strong iconoclastic tendencies developed within the Wang Yangming 王陽明 (1472‒1529) branch of Neo-Confucian philosophy, specifically among those thinkers associated with the Taizhou school in Yangzhou, who set themselves against the orthodox Neo-Confucians of Jiangnan. The philosopher and litterateur Li Zhi 李贄 (1527‒1602), for example, rejected the authority of the classics altogether, advocating instead a radical doctrine of spiritual and intellectual freedom.