Maximal oxygen uptake is defined as the region in which oxygen consumption plateaus or increases only slightly with additional increases in exercise intensity. Maximal oxygen uptake is also known as maximal oxygen consumption, maximal aerobic power, aerobic capacity, or VO2 max. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is a measure of a subject's ability to take in and utilize oxygen during exercise. A subject with a greater VO2 max value will exhibit greater potential to sustain high intensity exercise for an extended length of time. Theoretically, subjects with greater VO2 max values possess greater concentrations of hemoglobin in the blood, thus enabling them to utilize more oxygen during intense exercise.

The first VO2 Max test performed was the YMCA Bike Test. This test was performed on a cycle ergometer which was calibrated by the test administer. The bike test predicts maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) based upon the steady-state heart rate during exercise. Heart rate is measured in how many beats per 15 seconds and multiplied by 4 and then recorded. The initial resistance load is .5 kp and may increase based on heart rate measurements at the end of the third minute. Subsequently, the resistance load is then increased every three minutes (i.e., load settings based on a chart) until the end of the test. VO2 max may be determined from the estimated workload at maximal heart rate. This is determined graphically from two points on a scale of heart rate vs. workload produced which is plotted on a graph.

The second test performed was the Bruce Treadmill Test. This test protocol is used to obtain VO2 max measurements and is ultimately the most popular among the testing of athletes. The main strength of this test is that it is a direct measure of maximal oxygen consumption. This test indicates a subject's aptitude for success in prolonged events as well as the level of health of subjects' cardiovascular and respiratory systems....

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QoS Techniques: MPLS
CET 2486C – Network Technologies
Professor:
November 27, 2012
Abstract
MPLS or Multi Protocol Label Switching is a networking technology that functions between layers 2 and 3 of the OSI model. MPLS constitutes of adding a label (sometimes called “Shim” because of their placement between layer 3 and layer 2 headers.) to the data package, this label contains special addressing and sometimes prioritization information. Because the MPLS label contains all the information necessary for the router to forward the package to the next hop, the router does not have to spend time analyzing the entire package thus improving network latency or bottlenecks. Due to its multi protocol capabilities MPLS can be integrated with different networking technologies from ATM to native IP environments; in addition, this multi protocol capability also provides a way to converge different types of traffic such as data, voice and video onto one network. MPLS technology also provides some other advantageous features like Traffic Engineering (TE), VPN, Any Transport over MPLS (AToM) and Quality of Service (QoS). This paper will help provide an understanding of how MPLS works and the QoS capabilities it can provide.
History of MPLS
In 1996 a group from Ipsilon Networks introduced a “flow management protocol”, this technology only worked with ATM transmissions and did not become...

...Protocol.
The term comes from the Greek "protokollon," which was the cover page to a manuscript that provided a description of the contents...how fitting a choice. In context, it is defined by American Heritage dictionary as "a code of correct conduct." In layman's terms, protocol is simply the rules and customs of a group or a standard procedure.
Let's look at protocol in application, specifically in the armed forces. The importance of maintaining correct protocol and Military bearing on and off duty, is essential because to show disrespect to an NCO when in uniform could cause disrespect among civilians about the military in general. Any disrespect towards my leaders, from team leader on up to Sergeant Major of the Army, along with the Platoon Leader on up to the Army Chief of Staff, or the President of the United States, can have a negative effect on the Morale and Welfare of those around me, junior or senior. If a Soldier who is junior to me sees my behavior, he may believe that I am right because I outrank him, and begins imitating my behavior. Because this standard has been established, the leaders will have a harder time dealing with their soldiers. This is ultimately counterproductive action on my part.
Following protocol is of the utmost importance in the military. It is what enables the military to operate in an organized and effective manner which is clearly very important during...

...﻿EMAP: Expedite Message Authentication Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
ABSTRACT
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) adopt the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Certiﬁcate Revocation Lists (CRLs) for their security. In any PKI system, the authentication of a received message is performed by checking if the certiﬁcate of the sender is included in the current CRL, and verifying the authenticity of the certiﬁcate and signature of the sender. In this paper, we propose an Expedite Message Authentication Protocol (EMAP) for VANETs, which replaces the time-consuming CRL checking process by an efﬁcient revocation checking process. The revocation check process in EMAP uses a keyed Hash Message Authentication Code (HMAC), where the key used in calculating the HMAC is shared only between non-revoked On-Board Units (OBUs). In addition, EMAP uses a novel probabilistic key distribution, which enables non-revoked OBUs to securely share and update a secret key. EMAP can signiﬁcantly decrease the message loss ratio due to the message veriﬁcation delay compared with the conventional authentication methods employing CRL. By conducting security analysis and performance evaluation, EMAP is demonstrated to be secure and efficient.
Existing System
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...Nebelsick
VO2 Max Tests Conclusion
Submaximal VO2 tests are extremely useful for determining estimated VO2 maxes for a subject for a variety of reasons. VO2 max measures the maximum amount of oxygen that can be used by a person undergoing intense physical exertion. VO2 max is considered the best test of cardiovascular fitness and aerobic endurance. If a person can utilize more oxygen, then they are able to use that oxygen as a final electron acceptor to make ATP through aerobic metabolism. When an individual’s metabolic requirements, outweigh the amount of oxygen they are capable of delivering, their bodies switch to relying on anaerobic metabolism and will quickly be unable to continue exercising at that given intensity. VO2 max testing can be used in a variety of settings. Fitness centers, potential employers such as firefighters or policeman, or endurance athletes would all be people that would potentially be interested in having a trained individual administer a submaximal VO2 test.
For this class, we performed four submaximal VO2 tests. The Rockport walk test required students to walk for 1 mile (10 laps + 40 yds). A formula was used to calculate VO2 max using time (that is took to walk the mile), age of participant, and heart rate level after the mile walk was completed. For the treadmill test, Bruceprotocol was used. ACSM metabolic...

...series of Step Tests involving one stepping up and down on a low platform for three minutes. One subject holding a knapsack filled with 3 moderately heavy textbooks while the other one is not. The pulse rate and rate of respiration was taken before and after the test in order to determine if in fact carrying textbooks had an effect on the immediate heart rate or if carrying text books had no effect on the immediate heart rate.
Materials
- Low platform
- Knapsack filled with 3 moderately heavy textbooks
- Stopwatch
- 2 volunteers
Method
1. Place the two volunteers in a sitting or resting position.
2. For each subject measure the resting pulse rate by counting the number of beats in the radial artery (located in the wrist above the thumb) using 3 fingers for 1 minute.
3. Place the knapsack on the back of one volunteer.
4. Have the 2 volunteers step up and down on the low platform at a rate of 24 – 30 steps per minute, for a total of 3 minutes.
5. Measure the pulse rate for both subjects immediately after 3 minutes
6. Measure the recovery time by continue the pulse rate at 1 minute intervals until the subjects pulse rate has returned to normal.
Variable and Controls
Dependant Variable: Heart Rate
Independent Variable: Number of textbooks
Controls: Use 3 moderately heavy textbooks
Results
Table 1: Pulse Rate and Recovery Time Under Treatment 1 (Without Knapsack)
Treatment 1
Subject 1 2 3 4 5 Average
Pulse...

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James P. VanDemark
Psyc4310- Tests and Measurements (36357)
Dr. Trina Gordon Hall
April 19, 2014
Name of Test: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®
The Name of the Test: Include also the date it was originally developed as well as the date of the current version. This should be done in a narrative form under the subheading
The test critique is based on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. This was a mother and daughter joint effort of Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers developed the MBTI®. They have been fascinated with enduring work on Carl Jung's theories in the 1920’s regarding psychological type preferences. Carl Jung believed that theories can be applied in real life situations as well as in real world applications. During World War II, Katherine and Isabel started exploring while establishing an indicator to be able to understand individual differences. Both felt that this tool will assist them place themselves with the right occupation that will suit their personality types. Basically, this will be very useful for individuals to have a healthier and more fulfilling life. Myers introduced the first pen-and pencil version of this test during the 1940’s. Both women utilized this test in the beginning with their family and friends. This research continued for the next twenty years. It has noted that the theory of an individual’s traits can be assessed with through personality...

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eventual NBA champion Spurs, 4 games to 1.
Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)[edit]
Johnson with the Nets
In the summer of 2005, Johnson became a highly touted restricted free agent and expressed a desire to leave the Suns to assume a larger role on the Atlanta Hawks. Johnson grew upset with Phoenix's initial offers to re-sign him feeling they were well below his market value. This rift eventually led to Johnson requesting the Suns not match Atlanta's $70 million offer. On August 19, 2005, a deal was finalized and Johnson was involved in a sign-and-trade deal with the Hawks for Boris Diaw and two future first-round draft picks.[2]
In his first season as a Hawk, Johnson led the Atlanta Hawks in several categories: points (20.2 per game), assists (6.5), and steals (1.26), three-point field goals made (128), and minutes (40.7). He was one of only five players in the league to average at least 20 points and six assists in the 2005–06 season, along with Allen Iverson, Dwyane Wade, LeBron James and Gilbert Arenas.[3] Johnson was the only Hawk to play in all 82 games and extended his current league-leading consecutive games played streak to 346 as of November 25, 2006.
On March 5, 2006, he was one of 23 NBA players named to the 2006–08 U.S. men's senior national team.
Johnson scored a career-high 42 points on March 7, 2006 against the Golden State Warriors[4] and recorded a career-high 17 assists on March 13, 2006 Hawks loss against the Milwaukee Bucks.[5]...