He started his career as a Lawyer at Fort William High Court in 1931. From 1931 to 1943 he also taught Jurisprudence at University of Calcutta. In 1943 he was appointed District and Sessions Judge, in which capacity he worked till 1946.

After partition he became Special Officer of the Judicial Department and Registrar East Pakistan High Court. In 1949 he was elevated as the Judge of the High Court of East Pakistan. Justice Fazal-e-Akbar was deputed as Chairman Railway Tribunal in 1950 and Chairman University Commission in 1954.

He was elevated to the Supreme Court of Pakistan in May 1960. Justice Fazal-e-Akbar became the sixth Chief Justice of Pakistan replacing Dr. Justice S.A. Rehman on June 4, 1968. He retired on November 17, 1968.