The word "scale" comes from the
Latin word "la scala" which means "ladder".

So a
scale is a ladder of notes that start on the bottom rung and works it's way
up 8 notes to the octave note -- from the word "octavo" -- which means 8,
like octagon,
octopus, October (I know -- October is the 10th month for us, but Caesar
shifted the start of the year from March 1 to January 1, so October became
the 10th month instead of the 8th),etc.

Scale
notes are named by the distance from the root of the scale. For example, in
the C major scale C is the root (home base), D is the 2nd degree, E is the
3rd degree, and so on up to the octave note.

Look
at your piano keyboard and you'll see half steps (the closest possible keys,
like C and C#) and whole steps (2 half steps, like C and D). The distance
between a while key and it's neighboring black key is always a half step,
because you can squeeze nothing between them except dust. The distance
between two white keys is almost always a whole step, because you are
skipping a black key. But not always: the distance between E and F is a half
step, because nothing lies between them. Same with B and C -- nothing lies
between them. The distance between two black keys is almost always a
whole step, except between Eb and Gb which is a step-and-a-half, and also
between Bb and Db, which is likewise a step-and-a-half.

Once you know the formula for a
major scale you can move on to minor scales.

Every major scale has a kissing
cousin -- a relative minor scale. What makes it relative? It uses the
very same notes as the major scale -- it just starts on a different
place in the scale; the 6th degree instead of the root.

Look at the a minor scale (in
case you're wondering, a capital letter means major, while a lower case
letter means minor). The a minor scale uses exactly the same notes as
the C major scale -- that's why they are related -- they have common
blood, like you and your cousin.

So the relative minor scale for
any major scale is easy to find -- just locate the 6th degree of the
major scale, and start the minor scale there.

But now the plot thickens: There
are 3 varieties of minor scales:

Natural
minor (pure minor), Harmonic minor, and Melodic Minor.

Natural minor scale: Uses the same
notes as it's relative major scale

Harmonic minor scale: Uses the same
notes as it's relative major scale, except the 7th scale degree is
raised 1/2 step as the scale ascends.

Melodic minor scale: Uses the same
notes as it's relative major scale, except the 6th and 7th scale degrees
are raised 1/2 step, but revert to the natural minor scale as it
descends.

Do you really need to know all
this?

Not really. Zillions of good
piano players don't know all this, but at the same time, the more
understanding you have in any area, the more comfortable you feel as as
you play.

If you want to pick one variety
of minor scale to concentrate on, I would choose the harmonic minor
scale (the one with the raised 7th scale degree).

Why? Because so much of the
familiar music you know and play is based on that form. You probably
don't what to know why the harmonic minor scale is used more in modern
music, but it's because the raised 7th provides a major 3rd for the V7
chord. (I told you that you really didn't want to know.

In addition to the major scales and the
3 varieties of minor scales -- natural, harmonic, and melodic, there are
also other scales such as the chromatic scale, the whole tone scale, the
petatonic scale, and all the modes -- Dorian, Lydian, Mixolydian, Aeolian,
Ionian, Phrygian, Locrian. (From the 9th century -- known as "church modes"
or "Gregorian modes", used in Gregorian chants. Now used by jazz and fusion
musicians.)

Back when I was teaching in Piano
University I made a series of 3 DVDs for my private students; one on major
scales, one on minor scales, and one on the modes. Each was about 20 minutes
longs and showed up close and in detail not only the scales, but the
fingering of each scale.

What I have done now is to combine those
3 DVDs into a single DVD covering all 3 subjects, and you will get it when
you order (below). You'll also get my CD where I explain each scale in
detail (lots of my students listen as they drive or work around the house or
jog with their CD player).

You'll learn how to form all these
scales, then you'll learn to finger them -- which fingers cross over, and
when. You'll also learn how scales can be used to fill up empty spaces in
music -- so you can use them as fills in a song, and improvise on them by
pausing, reversing direction, skipping by various intervals, and so on.

So you'll get the Scales CD and the
Scales DVD:

Scales CD &
Scales DVD

So if you really want to master
scales, here is your chance. Click on the order button below: