1766 to 1770 in sports

Contents

A game similar to bandy known in Wales as "bando", a term used in a dictionary by John Walters (published 1770 to 1794). Bando was particularly popular in the Cynffig-Margam district of the Vale of Glamorgan where wide stretches of sandy beaches afford ample room for play.[1]

1770 — Peter Corcoran defeated Bob ("Bricklayer") Smiler and Tom Dalton in london. The length and round of the fights are unknown. Corcoran also defeated Joe Davis in Moorfields. The length and round of this fight is also unknown as well.[7]

3 June 1768 — death of William Bedle at his home near Dartford; he "was formerly accounted the most expert cricket player in England" and is the first great player in cricket's history.[citation needed]

1768 — a newspaper report states that John Small "fetched above seven score notches off his own bat" when playing for HampshireversusKent at Broadhalfpenny Down; although it seems to be his second innings score, it may be his match total and so it is not certain if it is the earliest known first-class century.[citation needed]

1770 — in the year of the so-called "Boston Massacre", which occurred on Monday, 5 March, there is a report in the Middlesex Journal on Thursday, 16 August that: "about three days before the meeting of Parliament, a grand Cricket Match will be played by 11 of the Ministry against 11 of the Patriots, when great sport is expected".[8]

1.
Bandy
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Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing teams goal. Based on the number of participating athletes, bandy is the second most popular winter sport after ice hockey. Bandy also is the two winter sport in tickets sold per day of competitions at the sports world championship compared to the other winter sports. The sport is considered a form of hockey and has a background with association football, ice hockey. Like football, the game is played in halves of 45 minutes each, there are eleven players on each team. It is played on ice like ice hockey, but like field hockey, players use bowed sticks, a variant of bandy, rink bandy, is played to the same rules but on a field the size of an ice hockey rink and with fewer people on each team. Bandy is also the predecessor of floorball, which was invented when people started playing with plastic bandy-shaped sticks, Russian monastery records dating back to the 10th to 11th centuries record games which may be ancestors of bandy. A game that could be recognized as essentially modern bandy was played in Russia by the early 18th century, although the rules used differed from those invented in England at a much later date. In modern times, Russia has held a top position in the bandy area, Russians see themselves as the creators of the sport, which is reflected by the unofficial title for bandy, Russian hockey. The first match, more recently dubbed the original match, was held at The Crystal Palace in London in 1875. However, at the time, the game was called hockey on the ice, the name bandy comes from Britain, which has played an important role in the sports development. Bando, a game played in Wales in the Middle Ages and it was played throughout the country in varying forms and is still found in some areas. The earliest example of the Welsh-language term bando occurs in a dictionary by John Walters published in 1770–94, the game became particularly popular in the Cynffig-Margam district of the Vale of Glamorgan where wide stretches of sandy beaches afforded ample room for play. As a winter sport, British bandy originated in the Fens of East Anglia where large expanses of ice formed on flooded meadows or shallow washes in cold winters, members of the Bury Fen Bandy Club published rules of the game in 1882, and introduced it into other countries. The first international took place in 1891 between Bury Fen and the then Haarlemsche Hockey & Bandy Club from the Netherlands. The same year, the National Bandy Association was started in England, the first national bandy league was started in Sweden in 1902. Bandy was played at the Nordic Games in Stockholm in 1905, a European championship was held in 1913 with eight countries participating. The highest altitude where bandy has been played is in the capital of the Tajik autonomous province of Gorno-Badakhshan, as a precursor to ice hockey bandy has influenced its development and history – mainly in European and former Soviet countries

2.
Boxing
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Boxing is a combat sport in which two people wearing protective gloves throw punches at each other for a predetermined set of time in a boxing ring. Amateur boxing is both an Olympic and Commonwealth Games sport and is a fixture in most international games—it also has its own World Championships. Boxing is supervised by a referee over a series of one- to three-minute intervals called rounds, in the event that both fighters gain equal scores from the judges, the fight is considered a draw. In Olympic boxing, due to the fact that a winner must be declared, in the case of a draw - the judges use technical criteria to choose the most deserving winner of the bout. While people have fought in combat since before the dawn of history. The earliest evidence for fist fighting with any kind of gloves can be found on Minoan Crete, in Ancient Greece boxing was a well developed sport and enjoyed consistent popularity. In Olympic terms, it was first introduced in the 23rd Olympiad,688 B. C, the boxers would wind leather thongs around their hands in order to protect them. There were no rounds and boxers fought until one of them acknowledged defeat or could not continue, weight categories were not used, which meant heavyweights had a tendency to dominate. It was the head of the opponent which was primarily targeted, Boxing was a popular spectator sport in Ancient Rome. In order for the fighters to protect themselves against their opponents they wrapped leather thongs around their fists, eventually harder leather was used and the thong soon became a weapon. The Romans even introduced metal studs to the thongs to make the cestus which then led to a more sinister weapon called the myrmex, Fighting events were held at Roman Amphitheatres. The Roman form of boxing was often a fight until death to please the spectators who gathered at such events, however, especially in later times, purchased slaves and trained combat performers were valuable commodities, and their lives were not given up without due consideration. Often slaves were used against one another in a circle marked on the floor and this is where the term ring came from. In AD393, during the Roman gladiator period, boxing was abolished due to excessive brutality and it was not until the late 17th century that boxing re-surfaced in London. Records of Classical boxing activity disappeared after the fall of the Western Roman Empire when the wearing of weapons became common once again, however, there are detailed records of various fist-fighting sports that were maintained in different cities and provinces of Italy between the 12th and 17th centuries. There was also a sport in ancient Rus called Kulachniy Boy or Fist Fighting, as the wearing of swords became less common, there was renewed interest in fencing with the fists. The sport would later resurface in England during the early 16th century in the form of bare-knuckle boxing sometimes referred to as prizefighting. The first documented account of a fight in England appeared in 1681 in the London Protestant Mercury

3.
Guildford
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Guildford /ˈɡɪlfərd/ is a large town in Surrey, England, located 27 miles southwest of central London on the A3 trunk road midway between the capital and Portsmouth. It is the seat of the borough of Guildford, on the building of the Wey Navigation and Basingstoke Canal Guildford was connected to a network of waterways that aided its prosperity. In the 20th century, the University of Surrey and Guildford Cathedral, in Sir Thomas Malorys 1485 fictional series Le Morte dArthur, Guildford is identified with Astolat of Arthurian renown, however only rural Celtic Bronze Age pieces have been found in the town. Continuing the Arthurian connection, there is a public house. Some of the tiles built into Guildford Castle may be Roman, and it is proven by archaeology and contemporary accounts that Guildford was established as a small town by Saxon settlers shortly after Roman authority had been removed from Britain. The settlement was most likely expanded because of the Harrow Way crosses the River Wey by a ford at this point, alfred the Great, the first Anglo-Saxon king of unified England, named the town in his will. Guildford was the location of the Royal Mint from 978 until part-way through the reign of William the Conqueror, Guildford Castle is of Norman design, although there are no documents about its earliest years. Guildford appears in Domesday Book of 1086 as Geldeford and Gildeford, the King officially held the 75 hagae in which lived 175 homagers and the town rendered £32. Stoke, a suburb within todays Guildford, appears in the Book as Stoch and was held by William. Its Domesday assets were,1 church,2 mills worth 5s,16 ploughlands with two Lords plough teams and 20 mens plough teams,16 acres of meadow, and woodland worth 40 hogs. Stoke was listed as being in the Kings park, with a rendering of £15, William the Conqueror had the castle built in the classic Norman style, the castle keep still stands. A major purpose of Norman castle building was to overawe the conquered population and it had £26 spent on it in 1173 under the regency of the young Henry II. As the threat of invasion and insurrection declined, the status was demoted to that of a royal hunting lodge, Guildford was, at that time. It was visited on occasions by King John, Eleanor of Aquitaine. In 1611 the castle was granted to Francis Carter whose grandsons initials EC, the surviving parts of the castle were restored in Victorian times and again in 2004, the rest of the grounds became a public garden. In 1995, a chamber was discovered in the High Street, while this remains a matter of contention, it is likely to be the oldest remaining synagogue in Western Europe. Guildford elected two members of the Unreformed House of Commons, from the 14th century to the 18th century the borough corporation prospered with the wool trade. In the 14th century the Guildhall was constructed and still today as a noticeable landmark of Guildford

4.
Lambeth
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Lambeth is a district in Central London, England, located in the London Borough of Lambeth. It is situated 1 mile south of Charing Cross, the population of Lambeth was 23,937 in 2011. The area experienced some growth in the medieval period as part of the manor of Lambeth Palace. By the Victorian era the area had seen significant development as London expanded, the changes brought by World War II altered much of the fabric of Lambeth. Subsequent development in the late 20th century and early 21st century has seen an increase in the number of high-rise buildings, the area is home to the International Maritime Organization. The origins of the name of Lambeth come from its first record in 1062 as Lambehitha, meaning landing place for lambs, in the Domesday Book, Lambeth is called Lanchei, likely in error. The name refers to a harbour where lambs were either shipped from or to and it is formed from the Old English lamb and hythe. South Lambeth is recorded as Sutlamehethe in 1241 and North Lambeth is recorded in 1319 as North Lamhuth, the manor of Lambeth is recorded as being under ownership of the Archbishop of Canterbury from at least 1190. The Archbishops led the development of much of the manor, with Archbishop Hubert Walter creating the residence of Lambeth Palace in 1197, Lambeth and the palace were the site of two important 13th century international treaties, the Treaty of Lambeth 1217 and the Treaty of Lambeth 1212. Edward, the Black Prince lived in Lambeth in the 14th century in an estate that incorporated the land not belonging to the Archbishops, which also included Kennington. As such, much of the land of Lambeth to this day remains under Royal ownership as part of the estate of the Duchy of Cornwall. The road names, Norfolk Place and Norfolk Row reflect the history, Lambeth Palace lies opposite the southern section of the Palace of Westminster on the Thames. The two were linked by a horse ferry across the river. Until the mid-18th century the north of Lambeth was marshland, crossed by a number of roads raised against floods, the marshland in the area, known as Lambeth Marshe, was drained in the 18th century but is remembered in the Lower Marsh street name. The subsequent growth in road and marine transport, along with the development of industry in the wake of the revolution brought great change to the area. The area grew with a population at this time, many of whom were considerably poor. As a result, Lambeth opened a workhouse in 1726. In 1777 a parliamentary report recorded a parish workhouse in operation accommodating up to 270 inmates and its operation was overseen by an elected Board of twenty Guardians

5.
Melksham
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Melksham is a medium-sized English town, on the River Avon in the county of Wiltshire. It is 10 miles east of the city of Bath,6 mi south of Chippenham,6 mi west of Devizes and 12 mi north of Warminster on the A350 national route. The town of Melksham developed at a ford across the River Avon and the name is presumed to derive from meolc, the Old English for milk, and ham, on John Speeds map of Wiltshire, the name is spelt both Melkesam and Milsham. Melksham was an estate at the time of the Norman Conquest Melksham is also the name of the Royal forest that occupied the surrounding of the area in the Middle Ages. In 1539 the prioress and nuns of Amesbury surrendered their Melksham estates to the king which they had held for about 250 years and this property, which consisted of the Lordship of the Manor and Hundred, was in 1541 granted to Sir Thomas Seymour. Seymour then sold it to Henry Brouncker, who had made purchases of real estate in the neighbourhood. At some uncertain date, perhaps about 1550, Brouncker built a residence for himself on the site of an earlier mansion and this was known as Place House, built in a style suitable to that of a resident lord, who was also a man of considerable wealth. Three generations of the family lived here, Henry Brouncker the founder, his son, Sir William, meanwhile, Place House was occupied for ten or eleven years by Henry Brouncker’s widow and her second husband, Ambrose Dauntesey. After their death, in 1612, the house apparently was occupied by the steward, and afterwards it was conveyed to Sir John Danvers, who married into the family, in 1634. Danvers died in 1655 and the lordship of Melksham passed to his son, the lordship remained in the Long family, who were descended from the first Henry Brouncker, until the early part of the 20th century, having passed to the 1st Viscount Long of Wraxall. An announcement was made in the Bath Chronicle in June 1792 of the establishment of the Melksham Bank by the firm of Awdry, Long & Bruges. There was further trouble in 1824, when the bank was listed on a Parliamentary Paper of the House of Commons under the title Country Banks Becoming Bankrupt. John Long, one of the partners, had by then become sole proprietor with the financial backing of his elder brother Richard Godolphin Long MP. The elder Long lost an amount of money, which his brother John had to repay him at the rate of £3,000 a year for the rest of his life. Later proprietors Moule, Son & Co announced a re-opening of the bank 12 January 1826, freemasonry first came to Melksham in 1817, when a former Lodge of Westbury was transferred, and the first meeting was held in Melksham at The Kings Arms on 9 September that year. The Chaloner Lodge of Freemasons was named after its first Worshipful Master Richard Godolphin Walmesley Chaloner, 1st Baron Gisborough, who and he was the brother of the 1st Viscount Long. The lodge was consecrated on 27 February 1897, with the first meeting scheduled for 4 pm 19 March, later while deciding what extra furniture the lodge required, he asked that he have a special footstool, as his chair was high and his feet dangled unpleasantly. By November 1897 a new lodge was built in Melksham at Church St

6.
Epping Forest
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Epping Forest is an area of ancient woodland near Epping, straddling the border between Greater London and Essex. It is a royal forest, and is managed by the City of London Corporation. It covers 2,476 hectares and contains areas of woodland, grassland, heath, rivers, bogs and ponds, and most of it is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and a Special Area of Conservation. The forest lies on a ridge between the valleys of the rivers Lea and Roding, its elevation and thin gravelly soil historically made it unsuitable for agriculture and it gives its name to the Epping Forest local government district which covers part of it. The name Epping Forest was first recorded in the 17th century, the area which became known as Waltham, and then Epping Forest has been continuously forested since Neolithic times. The former lime/linden Tilia-dominated woodland was permanently altered during Saxon times by cutting of trees. Todays beech-birch and oak-hornbeam-dominated forest was the result of partial forest clearance in Saxon times, the forest is thought to have been given legal status as a royal forest by Henry II in the 12th century. This status allowed commoners to use the forest to gather wood and foodstuffs, and to graze livestock and turn out pigs for mast, but only the king was allowed to hunt there. Forest in the sense of royal forest meant an area of land reserved for royal hunting, where the forest laws applied. In Tudor times, Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I may have hunted in the forest, in 1543, Henry commissioned a building, known as Great Standing, from which to view the chase at Chingford. The building was renovated in 1589 for Queen Elizabeth I and can still be today in Chingford. The building is now known as Queen Elizabeths Hunting Lodge, and is open to the public, there is another hunt standing, which now forms the core of the Forest HQ at the Warren, Loughton. There were disputes between landowners and commoners, one group of commoners was led by Thomas Willingale who on behalf of the villagers of Loughton continued to lop the trees after the Lord of the Manor had enclosed 550 hectares of forest in Loughton. This led to an injunction against further enclosures, the Epping Forest Act 1878 was passed, saving the forest from enclosure, and halting the shrinkage of the forest that this had caused. Epping Forest ceased to be a royal forest and was placed in the care of the City of London Corporation who act as Conservators, in addition, the Crowns right to venison was terminated, and pollarding was no longer allowed, although grazing rights continued. This act laid down a stipulation that the Conservators shall at all times keep Epping Forest unenclosed and unbuilt on as a space for the recreation. In compensation for the loss of lopping rights, Lopping Hall in Loughton was built as a community building, the City of London Corporation still manages Epping Forest in strict conformity with the Epping Forest Act. This care is funded from Citys Cash, the funds of the Corporation rather than any money for its upkeep coming from local rates or taxes

7.
Putney
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Putney is a district in south-west London, England in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is centred 5.1 miles south-west of Charing Cross, the area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. And thus we take leave of Putney, one of the pleasantest of the London suburbs, Putney is an ancient parish which covered 9.11 square kilometres and was until 1889 in the Hundred of Brixton in the county of Surrey. Its area has reduced by the loss of Roehampton to the south-west. In 1855 the parish was included in the area of responsibility of the Metropolitan Board of Works and was grouped into the Wandsworth District, in 1889 the area was removed from Surrey and became part of the County of London. The Wandsworth District became the Metropolitan Borough of Wandsworth in 1900, since 1965 Putney has formed part of the London Borough of Wandsworth in Greater London. The benefice of the remains a perpetual curacy whose patron is the Dean. It has a small chantry chapel removed from the east end of the south aisle, a charitable almshouse for 12 men and women, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was erected by Sir Abraham Dawes, who provided it with an endowment. Putney was also birthplace of Thomas Cromwell, made Earl of Essex by Henry VIII and of Edward Gibbon, author of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, died at a house on Putney Heath. At that time Putney took on Londons premier role in civil engineering, Putney had a second place of worship, for Independents and Roehampton was in the process of achieving separate parish status. The proprietors of the bridge distributed £31 per annum to watermen, and watermens widows and children, Putney in 1887 covered 9 square kilometres. Putney appears in the Domesday Book of 1086 as Putelei and it was noted that it did not fall into the category of local jurisdictions known as a manor, but obtained 20 shillings from the ferry or market toll at Putney belonging to the manor of Mortlake. One famous crossing at Putney was that of Cardinal Wolsey in 1529 upon his disgrace in falling out of favour with Henry VIII and on ceasing to be the holder of the Great Seal of England. As he was riding up Putney Hill he was overtaken by one of the royal chamberlains who presented him with a ring as a token of the continuance of his majestys favour. The first permanent bridge between Fulham and Putney was completed in 1729, and was the bridge to be built across the Thames in London. The ferry boat was on the side, however and the waterman. Walpole vowed that a bridge would replace the ferry, the Prince of Wales apparently was often inconvenienced by the ferry when returning from hunting in Richmond park and asked Walpole to use his influence by supporting the bridge. The bridge was a structure and lasted for 150 years

8.
Cricket
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Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a cricket field, at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard-long pitch with a wicket at each end. One team bats, attempting to score as many runs as possible, each phase of play is called an innings. After either ten batsmen have been dismissed or a number of overs have been completed, the innings ends. The winning team is the one that scores the most runs, including any extras gained, at the start of each game, two batsmen and eleven fielders enter the field of play. The striker takes guard on a crease drawn on the four feet in front of the wicket. His role is to prevent the ball hitting the stumps by use of his bat. The other batsman, known as the non-striker, waits at the end of the pitch near the bowler. A dismissed batsman must leave the field, and a teammate replaces him, the bowlers objectives are to prevent the scoring of runs and to dismiss the batsman. An over is a set of six deliveries bowled by the same bowler, the next over is bowled from the other end of the pitch by a different bowler. If a fielder retrieves the ball enough to put down the wicket with a batsman not having reached the crease at that end of the pitch. Adjudication is performed on the field by two umpires, the laws of cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council and the Marylebone Cricket Club. Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit, but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours. In addition to the kit, some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball. Although crickets origins are uncertain, it is first recorded in south-east England in the 16th century and it spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire, leading to the first international matches in the mid-19th century. ICC, the governing body, has over 100 members. The sport is followed primarily in Australasia, Britain, the Indian subcontinent, southern Africa, womens cricket, which is organised and played separately, has also achieved international standard. A number of words have been suggested as sources for the term cricket, in the earliest definite reference to the sport in 1598 it is called creckett. One possible source for the name is the Old English cricc or cryce meaning a crutch or staff, in Samuel Johnsons Dictionary, he derived cricket from cryce, Saxon, a stick

9.
Hambledon Club
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The Hambledon Club was a social club that is famous for its organisation of 18th century cricket matches. By the late 1770s it was the foremost cricket club in England, the origin of the club, based near Hambledon in rural Hampshire, is unclear but it had certainly been founded by 1768. From the mid-1760s, Hambledons stature grew till by the late 1770s it was the foremost cricket club in England. In spite of its remoteness, it had developed into a private club of noblemen and country gentry. Although some of these played in matches, professional players were mainly employed. The club produced several players including John Small, Thomas Brett, Richard Nyren, David Harris, Tom Taylor, Billy Beldham. It was also the inspiration for the first significant cricket book, The Cricketers of My Time by John Nyren, the Hambledon Club was essentially social and, as it was multi-functional, not really a cricket club as such. Rather it is seen as an organiser of matches, arguments have taken place among historians about whether its teams should be termed Hampshire or Hambledon. A study of the sources indicates that the nomenclature changed frequently, the subject is complicated by a reference to the Kent versus Hampshire & Sussex match at Guildford Bason on 26 &28 August 1772. According to the source, Hampshire & Sussex was synonymous with Hambledon Club and it is interesting that Sussex cricket was not very prominent during the Hambledon period and this could have been because Hambledon operated a team effectively representing two counties. Certainly there were Sussex connections at Hambledon such as John Bayton, Richard Nyren, William Barber, in 1782 the club moved from its original ground at Broadhalfpenny Down to Windmill Down, about half a mile away towards the village of Hambledon. The Bat and Ball Inn had been requisitioned as a dump by the military. Ridge Meadow is still the home of Hambledon C. C. today, on 29 August 1796, fifteen people attended a meeting and amongst them, according to the official minutes, was Mr Thos Pain, Authour of the rights of Man. It was certainly a joke for Thomas Paine was then under sentence of death for treason, the last meeting was held on 21 September 1796 where the minutes read only that No Gentlemen were present. The club had a round of six toasts,6. The Immortal Memory of Madge 1, the enigmatic Madge is a what, not a who. Indeed, it is believed to be a common, but crude, a description of the revival and, indeed, the whole history of the Hambledon Club can be read in The Glory Days of Cricket by Ashley Mote. The original ground is at Broadhalfpenny Down, opposite the Bat and Ball Inn, in Hyden Farm Lane, near Clanfield, where now the Broadhalfpenny Brigands Cricket Club play

10.
Century (cricket)
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In the sport of cricket, a century is a score of 100 or more runs in a single innings by a batsman. The term is included in century partnership which occurs when two batsmen add 100 runs to the team total when they are batting together. A century is regarded as a score for batsmen and a players number of centuries is generally recorded in his career statistics. Scoring a century is loosely equivalent in merit to a bowler taking five wickets in an innings, scores of more than 200 runs are still statistically counted as a century, although these scores are referred as double, triple, and quadruple centuries, and so on. Accordingly, reaching 50 runs in an innings is known as a half-century, if the batsman then goes on to score a century, the half-century is succeeded in statistics by the century. Centuries were uncommon until the late 19th century because of the difficulties in batting on pitches that had only rudimentary preparation and were exposed to the elements. There is doubt about the earliest known century, but the most definite claim belongs to John Minshull who scored 107 for the Duke of Dorsets XI v Wrotham at Sevenoaks Vine on 31 August 1769. The first definite century in a match was scored by John Small when he made 136 for Hampshire v Surrey at Broadhalfpenny Down in July 1775. The earliest known century partnership was recorded in 1767 between two Hambledon batsmen who added 192 for the first wicket against Caterham. It is believed they were Tom Sueter and Edward Curry Aburrow and it is almost certain that at least one of them scored an individual century, but there is no confirmation in the sources. When Hambledon played Kent at Broadhalfpenny in August 1768, the Reading Mercury reported, what is remarkable, one Mr Small, of Petersfield. Unfortunately it is not known if Small did this in one innings or if it was his match total, W. G. Grace was the first batsman to score 100 career centuries in first-class cricket, reaching the milestone in 1895. His career total of 124 centuries was subsequently passed by Jack Hobbs, the first century in Test cricket was scored by Charles Bannerman who scored 165 in the first ever Test between Australia and England. The current holder of the record for most centuries in Test cricket is Sachin Tendulkar of India, the first One Day International century was scored by Denis Amiss who amassed 103 runs against Australia at Old Trafford in 1972. Sachin Tendulkar currently holds the record for most ODI centuries, having scored 49 ODI Centuries, the first Twenty20 International century was scored by Chris Gayle who amassed 117 runs against South Africa at Johannesburg in the very first match of ICC World Twenty20 tournament in 2007. Brendon McCullum and Chris Gayle currently holds the record for most T20I centuries, don Bradman holds the record for the fastest century in any format of cricket, scoring a century in 22 balls while playing for NSW in 1931. Second to this is Chris Gayle during an Indian Premier League T20 match in April 2013, guy Barnes of Emmanuel College holds the record for fastest school t20 century, made against Canningvale college in February 2017. List of cricketers by number of centuries scored Nervous nineties

11.
Caterham Cricket Club
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Caterham Cricket Club was based at Caterham, Surrey. Caterham at this time was representative of Surrey as a county. Its home venue was on Caterham Common, the club was patronised by Henry Rowett, a prominent landowner in the area, and was in reality his own private club. Caterham is first recorded as a team on Monday 21 September 1767 when it played Hambledon at Duppas Hill. The clubs last match in 1770 was also against Hambledon, Caterham continues to be a popular and successful club, under the benign chairmanship of Graham Samuels. Stuart Congdon last season became the leading run scorer of all time for Caterham CC, the diminutive shot maker has dominated the clubs run scoring for over two decades. A graduate of the De Stafford Cricket Academy alongside alumni such as C. H. Samuels, I. Thompson, P. Anderson, R. Chapman and G. A. Barber, Congdon has stood out as an aggressive and his achievements are unlikely to be surpassed. Chris Bullen is the only current Caterham player with and international experience, clubman of 2009 Bullo has been an outstanding servant of the club since joining from the rarified levels of the Surrey Championship and the Brit Oval. Bullens playing achievements have been immense, but as importantly his contributions off the field have been legion, Caterham Cricket Club site G B Buckley, Fresh Light on 18th Century Cricket, Cotterell,1935 H T Waghorn, The Dawn of Cricket, Electric Press,1906

12.
William Bedle
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William Bedle was an English cricketer who played for Dartford and Kent in the first quarter of the 18th century. With the possible exception of Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, Bedle is the earliest known accomplished player and he was born in Bromley but lived most of his life near Dartford, where he was a wealthy farmer and grazier. Rowland Bowen wrote that Bedle was thus the first in a line that must include Fuller Pilch, W. G. Grace, Jack Hobbs. Bedle played in the first quarter of the 18th century and his dates are tentatively given as 1700 to 1725. He was a member of Dartford Cricket Club, which was the greatest Kent team of the first half of the eighteenth century, the Dartford clubs website records that Bedle was the first great player in cricketing annals and the earliest Dartford cricketer whose name has come down to posterity. During Bedles career, cricket reports were not only brief but few, even without written record of his exploits, Bedles reputation was known and shared by a public that was growing increasingly interested in cricket. As Bowen comments in his history, it is significant that he was remembered as the best player in England some forty years after his career ended. Bowlers in the 18th century used the underarm style exclusively but at varying pace, the ball was either rolled along the ground or, if a fast bowler, skimmed across the surface, pitching was not introduced until about 1760. Dartford was one of the two most successful clubs in England, its rival being the London Cricket Club. Records have survived of six matches involving Dartford or Kent teams against London or Surrey between 1700 and 1725, the earliest known inter-county match took place in the 1709 season between Kent and Surrey on Dartford Brent. London hosted Kent at White Conduit Fields in August 1719 and July 1720, Kent winning the first, there were London v Dartford fixtures in July 1722 and then two in June 1724. The 1722 match, played on White Conduit Fields, was the subject of a letter in The Weekly Journal dated 21 July 1722, of the two 1724 matches, the second one was the earliest known match at Kennington Common, near where The Oval is now sited. The results of matches are unknown. Bedle was a contemporary of Edwin Stead, the first great patron of Kent cricket who is known to have had a Dartford connection. Stead was 22 years younger than Bedle but it is possible that they were colleagues in the mid to late 1720s, Bedle lived near Dartford for most of his life and he was a wealthy farmer and grazier. His name, also spelled Beddel, is recorded on a tablet in Dartford Parish Church listing the bellringers of 1749 and he died at his home near Dartford on 3 June 1768, aged 88. A Social History of English Cricket, Cricket, A History of its Growth and Development. Fresh Light on 18th Century Cricket, from Lads to Lords – profile of William Bedle

13.
Dartford
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Dartford is the principal town in the Borough of Dartford, Kent, England. The town is situated on the border of Kent and Greater London and it also borders the Borough of Thurrock, Essex, via the Dartford Crossing of the River Thames and Gravesham to its east. The town centre lies in a valley through which the River Darent flows, Dartford became a market town in medieval times and, although today it is principally a commuter town for Greater London, it has a long history of religious, industrial and cultural importance. It is an important rail hub, the main through-road now by-passes the town itself, Dartford is twinned with several other towns and cities abroad including Hanau in Germany, Gravelines in France and Namyangju in South Korea. In prehistoric times, the first people appeared in the Dartford area around 250,000 years ago, many other archaeological investigations have revealed a good picture of occupation of the district with important finds from the Stone Age, the Bronze Age and the Iron Age. When the Romans engineered the Dover to London road, it was necessary to cross the River Darent by ford, roman villas were built along the Darent Valley, and at Noviomagus, close by. The Saxons may have established the first settlement where Dartford now stands, Dartford manor is mentioned in the Domesday Book, compiled in 1086, after the Norman conquest. It was then owned by the king, during the medieval period Dartford was an important waypoint for pilgrims and travellers en route to Canterbury and the Continent, and various religious orders established themselves in the area. In the 12th century the Knights Templar had possession of the manor of Dartford, in the 14th century, a priory was established here, and two groups of friars—the Dominicans and the Franciscans—built hospitals here for the care of the sick. At this time the town became a small but important market town, Dartford, however, cannot claim a monopoly on public houses named after Tyler. Although lacking a leader, Kentishmen had assembled at Dartford around 5 June through a sense of county solidarity at the mistreatment of Robert Belling, a man claimed as a serf by Sir Simon Burley. Having left for Rochester and Canterbury on 5 June, the rebels passed back through Dartford, swollen in number, in the 15th century, two kings of England became part of the towns history. In March 1452, Richard, Duke of York, camped at the Brent allegedly with ten thousand men, the Duke surrendered to the king in Dartford. The place of the camp is marked today by York Road, the 16th century saw significant changes to the hitherto agrarian basis of the market in Dartford, as new industries began to take shape. The priory was destroyed in 1538 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries, many Protestants were executed during the reigns of Queen Mary and Philip and Mary, including Christopher Wade, a Dartford linen-weaver who was burnt at the stake on the Brent in 1555. The Martyrs Memorial on East Hill commemorates Wade and other Kentish Martyrs, in 1576 Dartford Grammar School was founded, part of the Tudor emphasis on education for ordinary people. The earliest industries were connected with agriculture, such as the brewing of traditional beers. Lime-burning and chalk-mining also had their place, fulling was another, the cleansing of wool needed a great deal of water, which the river could provide

14.
John Small (cricketer)
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John Small was an English professional cricketer who played in important matches from c.1756 to 1798, one of the longest careers on record. He is generally regarded as the greatest batsman of the 18th century and was the first to master the use of the straight bat which was introduced in the 1760s. He scored the earliest known century in important cricket and was acclaimed as the greatest player of the famous Hambledon Club, in 1997, he was named by The Times as one of its 100 Greatest Cricketers of All Time. He is the first person known to have described in literature in terms that attest him to have been a superstar. He was an influential player who was involved in the creation of two significant permanent additions to the Laws of Cricket, the maximum width of the bat. Small was a member of Hambledon during its years of greatness. He was definitely playing for Hambledon in 1764 and his name is found in the clubs scorecards right up to 1798 when he was over 60, the earliest definite mention of Small dates from the 1764 season when Hambledon played three important matches against Chertsey. Hambledon at this time was referred to as Squire Lands Club. In August 1768, Small scored more than 140 runs for Hambledon against Kent at Broadhalfpenny Down and this was a feat almost unheard of at that time but it is not quite clear from the original source if it was in one innings or his match total. Only a week later, playing for Hambledon against Sussex at Broadhalfpenny Down, Small scored about four-score notches. and was not out when the game was finished, on 31 July and 1 August 1769, Hambledon played Caterham at Guildford Bason and won by 4 wickets. Small was involved in one of the most controversial incidents in early history when Hambledon played Chertsey at Laleham Burway on 23 &24 September 1771. Hambledon won the match by 1 wicket, whether that was Whites intention is unclear but his action ensured that a new rule was passed which limited the width to 4.25 inches. This rule supported a written motion presented by Hambledon bowler Thomas Brett that was counter-signed by club captain Richard Nyren, the original of Bretts memorandum, bearing Smalls signature, is maintained by Marylebone Cricket Club in its museum at Lords. The production of match scorecards became common from the 1772 season, Small played in all three matches and was easily the seasons highest runscorer with 213 in his six innings. The only other player to exceed 100 was William Yalden who made 136, in the first match of the season, Small scored 78 for Hampshire against All-England out of a team total of 146. In the second innings, he scored 34 out of 79 and his team won by 53 runs and his innings of 78 was the highest individual score definitely recorded to that time. Smalls 78 is therefore the startpoint of the world record for the highest individual innings in senior cricket. Smalls 1772 aggregate of 213 runs from six innings would give him an average of 35.50 if all his innings were completed

15.
Broadhalfpenny Down
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Broadhalfpenny Down is a historic cricket ground in Hambledon, Hampshire. It is known as the Cradle of Cricket because it was the venue in the 18th century of the Hambledon Club. The club is in the parish of Hambledon close to the parish of Clanfield. The club took the name of the rural village of Hambledon. The ground lies on a ridge connecting Broadhalfpenny Down itself with higher ground to the north at Wether Down, the ridge and the down to the south are crossed by the Monarchs Way long distance footpath before it descends towards Horndean. The cricket ground was the venue for first-class matches organised by the Hambledon Club from 1753 to 1781 which generally involved a Hampshire county team. It was used for sports including horse racing and hare coursing. Immediately next to the ground is the Bat & Ball Inn, known as the cradle of cricket, Nyren was succeeded by his Hambledon colleague William Barber, who ran the pub from 1772 to 1784. The name Broadhalfpenny is properly pronounced broad hapenny a contraction following the pronunciation of the word for the halfpenny coin. Places that had obtained a charter from the King to hold markets or establish fairs were issued with Letters Patent that were stamped with Broad-Halfpenny. Hambledon in the century was a large parish of over 9,000 acres containing small hamlets. Much of the land had been enclosed in small farms but there remained extensive commons, including Broadhalfpenny. As an important match venue, the earliest known use of Broadhalfpenny Down was in August 1753 for a match between a Hambledon team and one from Surrey. Three years later, the Hambledon team was able to challenge Dartford, then one of the strongest teams in England, on Wednesday,18 August, one of these matches was played at Broadhalfpenny Down. Reverend Keats was the father of Admiral Sir Richard Goodwin Keats who is renowned for his actions at the Battle of Algeciras Bay in July 1801, chalton is three and a half miles east of Broadhalfpenny Down, beyond Clanfield. Scores were higher then than in times and matches were tending to go into a second day. In 1770, a Sussex lawyer called John Baker left an account in his diary of a match between Hambledon and the Surrey club Coulsdon which lasted two days, Baker came from Chichester, a journey of twenty miles taking four hours on horseback. He wrote how he went to Petersfield for overnight accommodation, Baker wrote about the very large crowds which gathered at these matches and the good business done by vendors on site

16.
Boston Massacre
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The Boston Massacre, known as the Incident on King Street by the British, was an incident on March 5,1770, in which British Army soldiers shot and killed people while under attack by a mob. The incident was publicized by leading Patriots, such as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams. Amid ongoing tense relations between the population and the soldiers, a mob formed around a British sentry, who was subjected to verbal abuse and he was eventually supported by eight additional soldiers, who were subjected to verbal threats and snowballs. Spontaneously they fired into the crowd, instantly killing three demonstrators, two died later. The crowd eventually dispersed after Acting Governor Thomas Hutchinson promised an inquiry, eight soldiers, one officer, and four civilians were arrested and charged with murder. Defended by lawyer and future American president John Adams, six of the soldiers were acquitted, Boston, the capital of the Province of Massachusetts Bay and an important shipping town, was a major center of resistance to unpopular acts of taxation by the British Parliament in the 1760s. In 1768, the Townshend Acts were placed upon the colonists, by which a variety of items that were manufactured in Britain. Colonists objected that the Townshend Acts were a violation of the natural, charter, the Massachusetts House of Representatives began a campaign against the Townshend Acts by sending a petition to King George III asking for the repeal of the Townshend Revenue Act. In Great Britain, Lord Hillsborough, who had recently appointed to the newly created office of Colonial Secretary, was alarmed by the actions of the Massachusetts House. In April 1768 he sent a letter to the governors in America. He also ordered Massachusetts Governor Francis Bernard to direct the Massachusetts House to rescind the letter. Bostons chief customs officer, Charles Paxton, wrote to Hillsborough, commodore Samuel Hood responded by sending the fifty-gun warship HMS Romney, which arrived in Boston Harbor in May 1768. On June 10,1768, customs officials seized Liberty, a sloop owned by leading Boston merchant John Hancock, Bostonians, already angry because the captain of Romney had been impressing local sailors, began to riot. Customs officials fled to Castle William for protection, given the unstable state of affairs in Massachusetts, Hillsborough instructed General Thomas Gage, Commander-in-Chief, North America, to send such Force as You shall think necessary to Boston. On October 1,1768, the first of four British Army regiments began disembarking in Boston, two regiments were removed from Boston in 1769, but the 14th and the 29th Regiments of Foot remained. Tensions rose markedly after Christopher Seider, a lad about eleven Years of Age, was killed by a customs employee on February 22,1770. Seiders death was glorified in the Boston Gazette, and his funeral was described as one of the largest of the time in Boston, the killing and subsequent propaganda inflamed tensions, with gangs of colonists looking for soldiers to harass, and soldiers also on occasion looking for confrontation. On the evening of March 5, Private Hugh White, a British soldier, stood on duty outside the Custom house on King Street

17.
Horse racing
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Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys or driven over a set distance for competition. Horse races vary widely in format, often, countries have developed their own particular horse racing traditions. Variations include restricting races to particular breeds, running over obstacles, running over different distances, running on different track surfaces, Horse racing has a long and distinguished history and has been practised in civilisations across the world since ancient times. Archaeological records indicate that horse racing occurred in Ancient Greece, Babylon, Syria and it also plays an important part of myth and legend, such as the contest between the steeds of the god Odin and the giant Hrungnir in Norse mythology. Chariot racing was one of the most popular ancient Greek, Roman, both chariot and mounted horse racing were events in the ancient Greek Olympics by 648 BC and were important in the other Panhellenic Games. This was despite the fact that racing was often dangerous to both driver and horse as they frequently suffered serious injury and even death. In the Roman Empire, chariot and mounted horse racing were major industries, fifteen to 20 riderless horses, originally imported from the Barbary Coast of North Africa, ran the length of the Via del Corso, a long, straight city street, in about 2½ minutes. In later times, Thoroughbred racing became, and remains, popular with the aristocrats and royalty of British society, historically, equestrians honed their skills through games and races. Equestrian sports provided entertainment for crowds and honed the excellent horsemanship that was needed in battle, Horse racing of all types evolved from impromptu competitions between riders or drivers. The various forms of competition, requiring demanding and specialized skills from both horse and rider, resulted in the development of specialized breeds and equipment for each sport. The popularity of sports through the centuries has resulted in the preservation of skills that would otherwise have disappeared after horses stopped being used in combat. There are many different types of racing, including, Flat racing. Jump racing, or Jumps racing, also known as Steeplechasing or, in the UK and Ireland, National Hunt racing, Harness racing, where horses trot or pace while pulling a driver in a sulky. Breeds that are used for flat racing include the Thoroughbred, Quarter Horse, Arabian, Paint, Jump racing breeds include the Thoroughbred and AQPS. In harness racing, Standardbreds are used in Australia, New Zealand and North America, light cold blood horses, such as Finnhorses and Scandinavian coldblood trotter are also used in harness racing within their respective geographical areas. There also are races for ponies, both flat and jump and harness racing, Flat racing is the most common form of racing seen worldwide. Track surfaces vary, with turf most common in Europe, dirt more common in North America and Asia, individual flat races are run over distances ranging from 440 yards up to two and a half miles, with distances between five and twelve furlongs being most common. Short races are referred to as sprints, while longer races are known as routes in the United States or staying races in Europe

18.
Eclipse (horse)
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For the American thoroughbred racehorse born 1814 see American Eclipse. Eclipse was an undefeated 18th-century British Thoroughbred racehorse who won 18 races, after retiring from racing he became a very successful sire and today appears in the pedigree of most modern Thoroughbreds. Eclipse was foaled during and named after the eclipse of 1 April 1764, at the Cranbourne Lodge stud of his breeder, Prince William Augustus. It was at this stud that his sire, the Jockey Club Plate winner Marske stood and his dam, Spilletta, was by Regulus, who was by the Godolphin Arabian. Eclipses male-line great-grandsire was Bartletts Childers, and his male-line great-great-grandsire was Darley Arabian, Eclipse was a brother to the successful broodmare Proserpine. They were inbred to Snake in the generation of their pedigree. After the death of Prince William in 1765, Eclipse was sold for 75 guineas to a dealer from Smithfield. Eclipse was a chestnut with a narrow blaze running down his face. He had a white stocking on his hind leg. Eclipse was a big horse for his time, just over 16 hands and he was strong, sound and fast. He was sometimes criticized for having a large, unattractive head and his difficult temperament was well documented, and might have led to him being gelded. Instead he was turned over to a rough-rider, who worked him hard all day and this treatment, rather than souring his disposition, settled Eclipse enough to allow him to be raced, although his jockeys never attempted to hold him. Prior to Eclipses first start at the age of five, a trial was arranged at Epsom, bookmakers, trying to verify if rumours about the horse were true, showed up but were too late — the trial had already been run. Accordingly, when Eclipse started in his first race on May 31769, the race consisted of three heats of four miles each. After his second victory in a race in May 1769, Dennis OKelly purchased Eclipse in two stages, supposedly, at this time OKelly used the famous phrase Eclipse first and the rest nowhere, before making his bets for this race. At that time, a horse that was more than 240 yards behind the lead was said to be nowhere and his jockey was John Oakley, supposedly the only jockey who could handle Eclipses temperamental manner and running style of holding his nose very close to the ground. Eclipse won the race and covered OKellys bet, Eclipse won 18 races, including 11 Kings Plates, supposedly without ever being fully extended and proving far superior to all competition. His toughest challenge was a match race versus the highly regarded Bucephalus in 1770, Bucephalus was game, but Eclipse was the easy winner

19.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker

20.
1726 to 1730 in sports
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1726 to 1775 in sports describes the periods events in world sport. The earliest known codification of rules occurs in each of these, events A game similar to bandy is known in Wales as bando, a term used in a dictionary by John Walters published in 1770–94. Bando is particularly popular in the Cynffig-Margam district of the Vale of Glamorgan where wide stretches of sandy beaches afford ample room for play, events Tom Pipes claims the vacant Championship of England title until beaten by George The Barber Taylor in 1735. Broughton is beaten after Slack punches him right between the eyes and creates so much swelling that Broughton is unable to see and is forced to concede the bout and they include George Meggs, George Millsom, Tom Juchau, William Darts, Tom Lyons and Peter Corcoran. Events 1749 — François-André Danican Philidor publishes Analyse du jeu des Échecs, one of the most famous books on chess theory, Philidor himself is regarded as the strongest European player by 1775. Ground enclosure is first reported in 1731 when the area on Kennington Common is staked out. The same practice is in use at the Artillery Ground in 1732, spectators at the Artillery Ground are being charged admission of two pence by the early 1740s but it remains unclear when charges are first introduced. The Hambledon players object and a formal protest is written by Thomas Brett and signed by himself, Richard Nyren and John Small. It brings about a change in the Laws of Cricket, as confirmed in 1774, whereby the maximum width of the bat is set at four,1772 — detailed scorecards become commonplace and this marks the beginning of first-class cricket as a statistical concept. 1774 — the Laws of Cricket are revised by a meeting at the Star. This version of the Laws includes lbw and the width of the bat,1758 — the Society of Sportsmen of the Curragh, a precursor of the Irish Turf Club is formed

The Boston Massacre, known as the Incident on King Street by the British, was an incident on March 5, 1770, in which …

Image: Boston Massacre high res

View of the Old State House, Boston, Massachusetts, the seat of British colonial government from 1713 to 1776. The Boston Massacre took place in front of the balcony, and the site is now marked by a cobblestone circle in the square (photo 2009)

Boxing scene from Vergil's Aeneid, Book 5, when the aging Sicilian champion Entellus defeats the young Trojan Dares, blood spurting from his injured head. Both wear caestūs. Entellus sacrificed his prize, a bull, by landing a great blow to the animal's head. (Mosaic floor from a Gallo-Roman villa in Villelaure, France, ca. 175 AD)