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EconomicGrowth and Development Economics 777 July 18, 2008 Fall Semester 2008 Professor J. H. Mc of economicgrowth and development. We will analyze several different growth models and look at some recent empirical research. Text The text for this course is: EconomicGrowth (2nd Edition) by Robert J. Barro

Natural gas, especially liquefied (LNG), is in position to participate in the energy growth now being triggered by strong worldwide economicgrowth, increasingly open markets, and expanding international trade. Natural gas is abundant, burns cleanly, and is highly efficient in combined-cycle, gas-turbine power plants. Moreover, the comparative remoteness of much of the resource base to established and emerging markets can make LNG a compelling processing and transportation alternative. Discussed here are the resource distribution and emerging market opportunities that can make LNG attractive for monetizing natural-gas reserves.

Arrowhead Center: Coal Production and Regional EconomicGrowth Report Title: Coal Production@nmsu.edu #12;Arrowhead Center: Coal Production and Regional EconomicGrowth i Disclaimer This report States Government or any agency thereof. #12;Arrowhead Center: Coal Production and Regional Economic

In 1709 William Darby invented the coking process that led to the use of coal in eighteenth century England. From an economic standpoint, one could say that this event more than any other ushered in the industrial revolution with its dependence on coal and steel produced with coal. However, from an engineering perspective, there is another cause of the industrial revolution that is more subtle-the physical makeup of the energy resources available to England. According to Simon Kuznets, an economic epoch, i.e., a period of time defined by rapid population increase for a given region, {open_quotes}is determined and shaped by the application and ramification of an {open_quote}epochal{close_quote} innovation{close_quotes}, in other words, new significant technologies.

Abstract An examination of over 40 years of data reveals that oil price shocks are invariably followed by 2–3 years of weak economicgrowth and weak economicgrowth is almost always preceded by an oil price shock. This paper reviews why the price-inelastic demand and supply of oil cause oil price shocks and why oil price shocks reduce economicgrowth through dislocations of labor and capital. This paper also reviews the current state of oil-supply security noting that previous episodes of supply instability appear to have become chronic conditions. While new unconventional oil production technologies have revitalized North American oil production, there are significant barriers to a world-wide uptake of these technologies. Strategic petroleum stocks could provide a large measure of protection to the world economy during an oil supply disruption if they are used promptly and in sufficient volume to prevent large oil-price spikes. Despite the large volume of world-wide emergency reserves, their effectiveness in protecting world economies is not assured. Strategic oil stocks have not been used in sufficient quantity or soon enough to avoid the economic downturns that followed past oil supply outages. In addition, the growth of U.S. oil production has reduced the ability of the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve to protect the economy following a future oil supply disruption. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.

The analysis in this paper is concerned with the effect of energy scarcity on economicgrowth in the United States. After defining the notion of scarcity and introducing two measures of scarcity - unit costs and relative energy price - changes in the trend in resource scarcity for natural gas, bituminous coals, anthracite coal, and crude oil over the most recent three decades are investigated. Each of the energy resources became significantly more scarce resources during the decade of the 1970s in the Malthusian Stock Scarcity and Malthusian Flow Scarcity sense. Unit costs exhibit a similar change for natural gas and crude oil but not for bituminous coal and anthracite coal. The situation reversed itself during the 1980s. Natural gas, bituminous coal, anthracite coal, and crude oil all became significantly less scarce resources during the decade of the 1980s than they had been during the 1970s. That is, the increase in scarcity as measured by relative energy prices observed during the decade of the) 1970s was not reversed completely during the 1980s for natural gas and crude oil. Unit costs for natural gas and crude oil demonstrate analogous patterns and test results. Given that change has taken place, it has implications for future economicgrowth to the extent resource scarcity and economicgrowth are interrelated. To see whether this is a relevant concern, subsequent to the examination of changing resource scarcity trends, an objective effort is made to identify a long run equilibrium relationship between energy scarcity and economicgrowth. Relying on cointegration techniques, only for crude oil is there a suggestion that resource scarcity has affected economicgrowth in the United States over the period 1889-1992.

Every production-recycling iteration accumulates an inevitable proportion of its matter-energy in the environment, lest the production process itself would be a system in perpetual motion, violating the second law of Thermodynamics. Such high-entropy matter depletes finite stocks of ecosystem services provided by the ecosphere, hence are incompatible with the long-term growth in the material scale of the economic process. Moreover, the complex natural systems governing such stocks respond to depletion by possibly sudden environmental transitions, thus hindering markets' very ability to adapt to the new equilibrium conditions. Consequently, uncertainty of critical resilience thresholds constrains material economicgrowth.

Export sophistication and economicgrowth: evidence from China Joachim Jarreau PSE CEPII sandra halshs-00962593,version1-21Mar2014 #12;Export Sophistication and EconomicGrowth: evidence from China on economic performance using re- gional variations within a single country (China) over the period 1997

-term economicgrowth. We further realize that the innovation process must be sup- ported by a complex set4 Technological Advancement and Long-Term EconomicGrowth in Asia Jeffrey D. Sachs and John W. Mc to think very hard about the linkages between technology and economic development. The harder we think

Sample records for growth high economic from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This paper investigates the relationship analysis between biomass energy consumption and economicgrowth by using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach of cointegration and vector error-correction models. The cointegration test results show that there is cointegration between the biomasss energy consumption and the economicgrowth in five of the seven countries (Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia and Guatemala) and there is no cointegration between the biomasss energy consumption and the economicgrowth in two of the seven countries (Argentina and Jamaica).

The aim of this paper is to re-examine the relationship between coal consumption and real GDP of China with the use of panel data. This paper applies modern panel data techniques to help shed light on the importance of the heterogeneity among different regions within China. Empirical analyses are conducted for the full panel as well as three subgroups of the panel. The empirical results show that coal consumption and GDP are both I(1) and cointegrated in all regional groupings. Heterogeneity is found in the GDP equation of the full panel. The regional causality tests reveal that the coal consumption–GDP relationship is bidirectional in the Coastal and Central regions whereas causality is unidirectional from GDP to coal consumption in the Western region. Thus, energy conservation measures will not adversely affect the economicgrowth of the Western region but such measures will likely encumber the economy of the Coastal and Central regions, where most of the coal intensive industries are concentrated.

EconomicGrowth, Job Creation and EconomicGrowth, Job Creation and Regulatory Affairs - House Committee on Oversight and Governmant Reform Before the Subcommittee on EconomicGrowth, Job Creation and Regulatory Affairs - House Committee on Oversight and Governmant Reform Written statement of Nicholas Whitcombe, Former Acting Director, Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program Submitted to the Subcommittee on EconomicGrowth, Job Creation and Regulatory Affairs - House Committee on Oversight and Goverment Reform 4-24-13_Nicholas_Whitcombe FT HOGR More Documents & Publications Before House Subcommittee on Energy and Power and Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations - Committee on Energy and Commerce Before the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee Before the House Science, Space, and Technology

Does the European Marriage Pattern Explain EconomicGrowth? Tracy Dennison Sheilagh Ogilvie California Institute of Technology University of Cambridge Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences MC 101-40 Pasadena, CA... . Between the 1960s and the 1990s, scholars occasionally speculated about links between the EMP and economicgrowth (Landes 1969; Todd 1983; Laslett 1988; Solar 1995), but the vast bulk of research on the EMP was empirical, investigating its prevalence...

Abstract This paper explores the relationship between electricity consumption, foreign direct investment, capital and economicgrowth in the case of the Kingdom of Bahrain. The Cobb–Douglas production is used over the period of 1980Q1–2010Q4. We have applied the ARDL bounds testing approach and found that cointegration exists among the series. Electricity consumption, foreign direct investment and capital add in economicgrowth. The VECM Granger causality analysis has exposed the feedback effect between electricity consumption and economicgrowth and the same is true for foreign direct investment and electricity consumption. This study suggests government authorities to explore new sources of energy to achieve sustainable economic development for the long run.

Redevelopment and Growth Program (New Jersey) Redevelopment and Growth Program (New Jersey) Economic Redevelopment and Growth Program (New Jersey) < Back Eligibility Commercial Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State New Jersey Program Type Grant Program Provider New Jersey Economic Development Authority Economic Redevelopment and Growth program (ERG) is an incentive for real estate development projects that have a financing gap, defined as having insufficient revenues to support the project debt service under a standard financing scenario. It can also apply to projects that have a below market development margin or rate of return. The grant is not meant to be a substitute for conventional debt and equity financing, and applicants

Faster plant growth in a safe, economical way Faster plant growth in a safe, economical way Faster plant growth in a safe, economical way When applied to plants, Take-Off(tm) speeds crop emergence, increases growth rates and yields, improves stress tolerance and nutrient value, and reduces need for nitrogen fertilizers. April 3, 2012 Farmer in wheat field inspecting wheat Biagro Western offers Take-Off(tm), a metabolic plant stimulant that will allow farmers to increase crop carbon fixation and thereby increase nitrate uptake and nitrogen use efficiency. The new product speeds plants to maturity, allowing the plants to more efficiently assimilate nitrogen by coordinating the nitrogen uptake and photosynthesis processes. Field tests show that Take-Off(tm) reduced nitrogen inputs by 25 to 35 percent.

) (Nember) January 1969 ABSTRACT Association cf Automobile Passenger Transportation and EconomicGrowth in Japan. (January 1969) Teruhiko Boric, B. A. , &faseda University Directed by: Dr. ~felvin L. Greenhut In order to evaluate the growth... of Japanese post-war passenger transportation, a comparative study of the U. S. passenger transporta- ti. on development between 1910 and 1940 has been made. The growth rate of automobile ownership prior to the Great Depression is larger than the rate...

Population Growth, (Per Capita) EconomicGrowth, and Poverty Reduction in Uganda: A brief Summary: This note examines the link between population and per capita economicgrowth in Uganda. After showing that Uganda has one of the highest population growth rates in the world which, due to the inherent demographic

Abstract In view of Malaysia's status as a fast-growing economy with accelerating carbon dioxide emissions, a better understanding of the relationship between economicgrowth and pollution is vital to the policy makers. This paper, therefore, attempts to investigate the existence of long run relationship among carbon dioxide emission, institutional quality, exports, and economicgrowth and further examines the causal relationship among these variables in Malaysia for the period 1984–2008. From the bounds test, it is found that a long run relationship does exist among the variables, even using different conditioning information sets. A positive and significant interaction term between carbon dioxide emission and institutional quality indicator (i.e. law and order) implies that good institutional quality is important in controlling carbon dioxide emission in the process of economic development. The results for Granger causality tests further confirm the importance of institutional frameworks in reducing carbon dioxide emissions since institutional quality is found not only affects economicgrowth directly, but also indirectly via carbon dioxide emissions. This indicates that sound institutional frameworks are essential for Malaysia to achieve higheconomicgrowth without sacrificing its environment.

cases, and no significant relation between financial development and economicgrowth in one case. The significance of the relations varies on case-specific basis. I also control for three indices of civil liberties, economic and political freedom...

Sample records for growth high economic from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Abstract This paper investigates the dynamic causal relationships between energy consumption, energy price and economic activity in Saudi Arabia based on a demand side approach. We use a Johansen multivariate cointegration approach and incorporate CO2 emissions as a control variable. The results indicate that there exists at least a long-run relationship between energy consumption, energy price, carbon dioxide emissions, and economicgrowth. Furthermore, a long-run unidirectional causality stands from energy consumption to economicgrowth and CO2 emissions, bidirectional causality between carbon dioxide emissions and economicgrowth, and a long-run unidirectional causality runs from energy price to economicgrowth and CO2 emissions. In the short-run, there is unidirectional causality running from CO2 emissions to energy consumption and economic output and from energy price to CO2 emissions. Even though, the energy-led growth hypothesis is valid, the share of energy consumption in explaining economicgrowth is minimal. Energy price is the most important factor in explaining economicgrowth. Hence, policies aimed at reducing energy consumption and controlling for CO2 emissions may not reduce significantly Saudi?s economicgrowth. Investing in the use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power is an urgent necessity to control for fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions.

;3 depend on imports of crude oil, natural gas, and coal for their industrial and residential energy needs). A decline in energy use does not, under conditions of economic efficiency, result in a reduction in economic1 Energy Consumption and EconomicGrowth Â­ The Case of Australia Hong To a, * , Albert Wijeweera

South Korea-Economics of Climate Change and Low Carbon Growth Strategies in South Korea-Economics of Climate Change and Low Carbon Growth Strategies in Northeast Asia Jump to: navigation, search Name South Korea-Economics of Climate Change and Low Carbon Growth Strategies in Northeast Asia Agency/Company /Organization Asian Development Bank Partner Government of Republic of Korea Topics Background analysis, Low emission development planning Program Start 2009 Country South Korea Eastern Asia References Economics of Climate Change and Low Carbon Growth Strategies in Northeast Asia[1] Overview The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is planning a study entitled the Economics of Climate Change and Low Carbon Growth Strategies in Northeast Asia, covering the People's Republic of China (PRC), Japan, the Republic of Korea, and Mongolia. The Government of the Republic of Korea will cofinance

This is a survey paper for non-specialists on interactions between energy and productivity growth. The first half of the paper surveys the general economic literature linking technical progress to realized gains in ...

Guangdong is a province with the most electricity consumption (EC) and the fastest economicgrowth ... , there has long been a contradiction between electricity supply and demand in Guangdong and this...

This paper samples the data of 138 countries during the 1971–2007 period, and performs an empirical test to validate the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economicgrowth. It first performs panel ...

1 THE NEXUS BETWEEN ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND ECONOMICGROWTH IN OECD COUNTRIES: A DECOMPOSITION the impacts of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on economic activities to find out whether and both renewable and non-renewable energy consumption in the short- and long run. This finding confirms

In this study, we employ recent and robust estimation techniques of cointegration to provide more conclusive evidence on the nexus of CO2 emissions, economicgrowth and coal consumption in China and India. Furthermore, the causal relationships among the variables are further examined using the Granger causality test. Our empirical results suggest that the variables are cointegrated in the case of China but not India. In other words, there is a long-run relationship between CO2 emissions, economicgrowth and coal consumption in China. Granger causality test for China reveal a strong evidence of uni-directional causality running from economicgrowth to CO2 emissions. Moreover, there is a bi-directional causality between economicgrowth and coal consumption as well as CO2 emissions and coal consumption in the short and long run. In the case of India, only a short-run causality is detected. Causality between economicgrowth and CO2 emissions as well as CO2 emissions and coal consumption are bi-directional. Nonetheless, there is only a uni-directional Granger causality running from economicgrowth to coal consumption in India. The implications of the results are further discussed.

Abstract This paper examines the dynamic relationship between natural gas consumption and economicgrowth in Pakistan using a multivariate model by including capital and labor as control variables for the period between 1972QI and 2011QIV. The results of the ARDL bound testing indicate the presence of cointegration relationships among the variables. The estimated long-run impact of gas consumption on economicgrowth is greater than other factor inputs suggesting that energy is a critical driver of production and growth in Pakistan. Furthermore, the results of causality test suggest that natural gas consumption and economicgrowth are complements. Given that natural gas constitutes to the primary source of energy in Pakistan, the implication of this study is that natural gas conservation policies could harm growth and, therefore, requires the policy makers to improve the energy supply efficiency as well as formulate appropriate policies to attract investment and establish public–private partnership initiatives.

historical facts. The widely-held belief that growth prior to the Industrial Revolution was flat is based Growth, Technology Change, Industrial Revolution I First Version: June 20, 2013. We are grateful to NSF capita consumption that has taken place since the Industrial Revolution. Rather, it is asserted

Sample records for growth high economic from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Numerous studies have demonstrated the detrimental influence of residential segregation on poor inner-city residents. This study examines the impact of residential segregation on the welfare of populations in US metropolitan areas using economicgrowth as the indicator. Panel data of US metropolitan areas spanning 25 years, 1980 2005, are used to analyze the effect of segregation on economicgrowth. The results show that both racial and skill segregation have a negative impact on short and long-term economicgrowth, which have increased over time. Further, the negative impact of the variables associated with spatial mismatch is also revealed. The results clearly point to the need for mobility policies that favor non-White households and comprehensive strategies that promote economic opportunities in low-resource communities in the US.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to revisit the Granger causal relationship between electricity consumption and economicgrowth for 15 transition economies for the period 1975–2010 using a bootstrap panel causality approach that allows for both cross-sectional dependency and for heterogeneity across countries. Applying this approach, we found a unidirectional causality running from electricity consumption to economicgrowth only in Belarus and Bulgaria; from economicgrowth to electricity consumption in the Czech Republic, Latvia, Lithuania and the Russian Federation; bidirectional causality only in Ukraine while no Granger causality in any direction in Albania, Macedonia, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovak Republic and Slovenia. These results show that there is a limited support for the electricity-led growth hypothesis. Nevertheless these different findings provide important implications for energy strategies and policies for transition countries.

Abstract This study employs Brazil’s yearly statistics from 1980 to 2010 to explore the causal relationships between the real GDP and four types of energy consumption: non-hydroelectric renewable energy consumption (NHREC), total renewable energy consumption (TREC), non-renewable energy consumption (NREC), and the total primary energy consumption (TEC). The cointegration test reveals a long-run equilibrium among Brazil’s real GDP, labour, capital, and each of the four types of consumption. The development of the Brazilian economy has close ties with capital formation and labour force. The influence of NHREC/TREC on real output is positive and significant, while the impacts by NREC/TEC are insignificant. The results from the vector error correction models reveal a unidirectional causality from NHREC to economicgrowth, a bidirectional causality between economicgrowth and TREC, and a unidirectional causality from economicgrowth to NREC or TEC without feedback in the long-run. These findings suggest that Brazil is an energy-independent economy and that economicgrowth is crucial in providing the necessary resources for sustainable development. Expanding renewable energy would not only enhance Brazil’s economicgrowth and curb the deterioration of the environment but also create an opportunity for a leadership role in the international system and improve Brazil’s competition with more developed countries.

Mexico is the second largest economy in Latin America, with rapid growth occurring in the industrial and services sectors. A forward-thinking country on climate change, the nation recognizes that the threat of higher temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and more frequent weather-related disasters could pose a substantial risk to its expanding economy.

Palm Beach County Sees Energy-Smart EconomicGrowth Palm Beach County Sees Energy-Smart EconomicGrowth Palm Beach County Sees Energy-Smart EconomicGrowth February 7, 2013 - 1:20pm Addthis Smart for Life received a loan from Palm Beach CountyĂ˘Â€Â™s revolving loan fund program to expand its production facility and boost its overall energy efficiency. | Photo courtesy of Craig Stephens, Palm Beach County. Smart for Life received a loan from Palm Beach County's revolving loan fund program to expand its production facility and boost its overall energy efficiency. | Photo courtesy of Craig Stephens, Palm Beach County. Christina Stowers Communications Specialist in the Office of Weatherization and Intergovernmental Program What are the key facts? After making energy efficiency upgrades, Smart for Life expects to

This study provides evidence on human development-economicgrowth causality by employing a large macro panel dataset. We followed the UNDP's approach for human development. With the help of Hurlin (2004) fixed coefficient approach, we tested causality between human development and economicgrowth (EG). The results show homogeneous causality from HD to EG. This is not the same when we tested causality from EG to HD. A heterogeneous causality is found from EG to HD. Only Korea and Singapore have bidirectional causality between human development and economicgrowth. On the other hand, Bangladesh and Philippines have no causality from EG ? HD (human development index, education-index, life-index, and PPP index). Result suggests that HD will lead EG but EG not always lead HD.

Many people believe that China's economicgrowth can continue almost indefinitely. For a manufacturing-based economy such as China's to continue to grow, it needs an adequate supply of inexpensive energy. To date, this energy growth has primarily come from coal, but China's indigenous coal supplies are now falling short of the amount needed to support this growth. In this situation, the status of China's future coal supply will be very important for China's future economic development. Our analysis shows that China's ultimate recoverable coal reserves equal 223.6×109 MT, and its production will peak between 2025 and 2030, with peak production of approximately 3.9×109 MT. The extent to which China can import coal in the future is uncertain. With rising coal demand, this combination is likely to create a significant challenge to China's future economic development.

Recent development of National Response Plans and National Incident Management Plans has emphasized the need for interoperability of plans, systems, technology, and command structures. However, much less emphasis has been placed on equally important elements such as the at-risk populations’ response to those plans, systems, and directions. The community-wide consequences of Hurricane Katrina demonstrated that the protection of communities should no longer be considered only a function of public organizations. Private organizations, nonprofit organizations and individual households have significant roles to play in these plans (Comfort 2006, Salamon 2002). This study is a first attempt to characterize the effect on the resilience (recovery) of metropolitan areas by the presence (or absence) of separate small communities within a larger jurisdiction. These communities can be based on many different social cleavages (ethnic, racial, economic, social, geographic, linguistic, etc.).

Abstract This study is an attempt to revisit the causal relationship between coal consumption and economicgrowth in case of Pakistan. The present study covers the period of 1974–2010. The direction of causality between the variables is investigated by applying the VECM Granger causality approach. Our findings have exposed that there exists bidirectional Granger causality between economicgrowth and coal consumption. The Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) and Cumulative Sum of Square (CUSUMSQ) diagrams have not found any structural instability over the period of 1974–2010.

Abstract This study investigates the causal relationship between clean and non-clean energy consumption and economicgrowth in Brazil over the period of 1980–2009. Clean energy consumption at aggregated level of total renewable energy consumption and disaggregated levels of hydroelectric, new renewables, and nuclear energy consumption are tested within a production function framework. A cointegration test reveals a long-term equilibrium relationship between real output, capital, labor, and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption at aggregated level, and a long-term equilibrium relationship between real output, capital, labor, and hydroelectric/new renewables/nuclear and fossil fuel energy consumption at disaggregated level. The capital, labor, and new renewables elasticities of real output are positive and statistically significant, other energy consumption item's elasticities are insignificant. The results from error correction model reveal the interdependencies between new renewables, nuclear, fossil fuel, and total non-renewable energy consumption and economicgrowth, the unidirectional causality from hydroelectric/total renewable consumption to economicgrowth, the substitutability between new renewables and fossil fuel consumption, and the substitutability between new renewables and nuclear energy consumption. Additionally, nuclear and new renewables energy consumption responds to bring the system back to equilibrium. Overall, aggregated analysis may obscure the relationship between different types of clean energy consumption and economicgrowth.

Abstract The present study explores the relationship between economicgrowth, electricity consumption, urbanization and environmental degradation in case of United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study covers the quarter frequency data over the period of 1975–2011. We have applied the ARDL bounds testing approach to examine the long run relationship between the variables in the presence of structural breaks. The VECM Granger causality is applied to investigate the direction of causal relationship between the variables. Our empirical exercise reported the existence of cointegration among the series. Further, we found an inverted U-shaped relationship between economicgrowth and CO2 emissions i.e. economicgrowth raises energy emissions initially and declines it after a threshold point of income per capita (EKC exists). Electricity consumption declines CO2 emissions. The relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions is positive. Exports seem to improve the environmental quality by lowering CO2 emissions. The causality analysis validates the feedback effect between CO2 emissions and electricity consumption. Economicgrowth and urbanization Granger cause CO2 emissions.

Fossil fuels are major sources of energy, and have several advantages over other primary energy sources. Without extensive dependence on fossil fuels, it is questionable whether our economic prosperity can continue. This paper analyses cointegration and causality between fossil fuel consumption and economicgrowth in the world over the period 1971 to 2008. The estimation results indicate that fossil fuel consumption and GDP are cointegrated and there exists long-run unidirectional causality from fossil fuel consumption to GDP. This paper also investigates the nexus between non-fossil energy consumption and GDP, and shows that there is no causality between the variables. The conclusions are that reducing fossil fuel consumption may hamper economicgrowth, and that it is unlikely that non-fossil energy will substantially replace fossil fuels. This paper also examines causal linkages between the variables using a trivariate model, and obtains the same results as those from the bivariate model.

Countries around the world face the challenge of maintaining long-term sustainable economicgrowth and development under the threat of climate change. By identifying and pursuing a sustainable development pathway now, they are better positioned to reach their economicgrowth goals while addressing climate change impacts and lowering greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Low emission development strategies - development plans that promote sustainable social and economic development while reducing long-term GHG emissions - provide a pathway to preparing for a global low emission future. Partner country governments are working with the U.S. government through the Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies (EC-LEDS) program to further their national development objectives.

Report Title: Oil and Gas Production and EconomicGrowth In New Mexico Type of Report: Technical agency thereof. #12;Page | ii Oil and Gas Production and EconomicGrowth in New Mexico James Peach and C Mexico's marketed value of oil and gas was $19.2 billion (24.0 percent of state GDP). This paper

Wilton Park Conference WP674 INVESTING IN HEALTH FOR ECONOMICGROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION: NEW IN HEALTH FOR ECONOMICGROWTH AND POVERTY REDUCTION: NEW PERSPECTIVES AND OPPORTUNITIES 20 - 23 May 2002) Introduction 1. Over the past decade, the international health community has participated in a process

of a business in the 5-6% of SMEs that are on a highgrowth trajectory. Typically these businesses will have and Technology Centre, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6BZ Tel: 0118 935 7115 Email

Abstract This paper tests for the short and long-run relationship between economicgrowth, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and energy consumption, using the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) by employing both the aggregated and disaggregated energy consumption data in Malaysia for the period 1980–2009. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology and Johansen–Juselius maximum likelihood approach were used to test the cointegration relationship; and the Granger causality test, based on the vector error correction model (VECM), to test for causality. The study does not support an inverted U-shaped relationship (EKC) when aggregated energy consumption data was used. When data was disaggregated based on different energy sources such as oil, coal, gas and electricity, the study does show evidences of the EKC hypothesis. The long-run Granger causality test shows that there is bi-directional causality between economicgrowth and CO2 emissions, with coal, gas, electricity and oil consumption. This suggests that decreasing energy consumption such as coal, gas, electricity and oil appears to be an effective way to control CO2 emissions but simultaneously will hinder economicgrowth. Thus suitable policies related to the efficient consumption of energy resources and consumption of renewable sources are required.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to reinvestigate the relationship between natural gas consumption and economicgrowth by including foreign direct investment, capital and trade openness in Malaysia for the period of 1971–2012. The structural break unit root test is employed to investigate the stationary properties of the series. We have applied combined cointegration test to examine the relationship between the variables in the long run. For robustness sake, the ARDL bounds testing method is also employed to test for a possible long run relationship in the presence of structural breaks. We note the validity of cointegration between the variables. Natural gas consumption, foreign direct investment, capital formation and trade openness have positive influence on economicgrowth in Malaysia. The results support the presence of feedback hypothesis between natural gas consumption and economicgrowth, foreign direct investment and economicgrowth, and natural gas consumption and foreign direct investment. The policy implications of these results are provided.

Our research presented in this article is based on the macroeconomics background and addresses the following two questions in case of 27 EU-member states: 1) 'To what extent does education contribute to human capital?'; 2) 'What is the contribution of human capital to economicgrowth?' The main part of the article is empirical analysis that consists from: 1) the empirical estimates on the amount of human capital for EU27; 2) the empirical estimation about the contribution of human capital to economicgrowth for EU27; 3) the empirical analysis on relationship between the contribution of human capital to economicgrowth and the amount of public expenditure on education. We find the 5.14% of GDP as the amount of public spending on education that maximises the contribution of human capital to economicgrowth.

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Our analysis shows that (1) larger cities, both in terms of population size and built-up area, and richer cities tend to gain more income, have larger built-up area expansion, and attract more population, than poorer cities or smaller cities; and (2) that there is a long-term bidirectional causality between urban built-up area expansion and GDP per capita at both city and provincial level, and a short-term bidirectional causality at provincial level, revealing a positive feedback between landscape urbanization and urban and regional economicgrowth in China. ... (55) This will inevitably increase demand for built-up areas for infrastructure, industry, and residential use. ... In addition to economic aspects, built-up area also reveals strong environmental linkages through concentration of materials,(61) and varying energy use and GHG emissions according to different urban density and transportation system. ...

speaking, the process of economic transition was unleashed in 1979 when the central government turned-state industrial enterprises in the rural areas. Finally, the process of economic globalization was crediblyForthcoming in the inaugural issue of Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies China

Abstract The renewable energy consumption–economicgrowth nexus is a growing area of research over the last few years, emanating to mixed results. The aim of the current study is to quantitatively synthesise the empirical literature on the subject using the meta-analysis approach. In particular, a meta-multinomial regression is employed to investigate the sources of variation in the direction of causality between renewable energy consumption and economicgrowth. This causal relationship takes the form of four hypotheses, namely the feedback, conservation, growth and neutrality hypotheses. To the best of author?s knowledge, this study constitutes the first meta-analysis undertaken on the renewable energy consumption–economicgrowth nexus. The empirical results reveal that the variation in the supported hypotheses is due to a number of characteristics including model specification, data characteristics, estimation techniques (cointegration methods and causality tests), and development level of the country on which a study was conducted.

This paper examines the relationship between natural gas consumption, economicgrowth and capital by using G-7 countries data and a bootstrap-corrected causality test for the period 1970–2008. It was found eight significant Granger causality relationships. For Italy, the Granger causality is from natural gas consumption to growth and United Kingdom adverse. For pattern of France, Germany and United States there is two sided Granger causality between natural gas and growth.

Abstract The geographic maldistribution of health care resources is one of the most persistent characteristics of health care systems around the world. Based on China’s provincial-level panel data in 1949-2010, this paper empirically investigates whether the geographic distribution of health care resources is convergent or divergent in the long run and whether the rapid economicgrowth contributes to reducing the regional disparity in health care resources in China. Using a dynamic convergence model that controls unobserved provincial heterogeneity and spatial dependence, the empirical results provide much support for ?-convergence in that the provinces with lower initial values of health care resources, including the densities of physicians and hospital beds, are seen to grow faster and to catch up with the provinces with higher initial stocks. In addition, we find that GDP per capita has a significant and non-linear impact on the convergence rate of health care resources, providing support for a Kuznets curve in China’s health sector. That is, the inequality in the distribution of health care resources follows an inverted “U” shape as income increases over time. An important implication of our study is that economicgrowth per se provides a built-in stabilizer to mitigate health inequality through the convergence of health care resources across regions in the long run.

Abstract This study reexamines the causal link between electricity consumption, economicgrowth and CO2 emissions in the BRICS countries (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) for the period 1990–2010, using panel causality analysis, accounting for dependency and heterogeneity across countries. Regarding the electricity–GDP nexus, the empirical results support evidence on the feedback hypothesis for Russia and the conservation hypothesis for South Africa. However, a neutrality hypothesis holds for Brazil, India and China, indicating neither electricity consumption nor economicgrowth is sensitive to each other in these three countries. Regarding the GDP–CO2 emissions nexus, a feedback hypothesis for Russia, a one-way Granger causality running from GDP to CO2 emissions in South Africa and reverse relationship from CO2 emissions to GDP in Brazil is found. There is no evidence of Granger causality between GDP and CO2 emissions in India and China. Furthermore, electricity consumption is found to Granger cause CO2 emissions in India, while there is no Granger causality between electricity consumption and CO2 emissions in Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa. Therefore, the differing results for the BRICS countries imply that policies cannot be uniformly implemented as they will have different effects in each of the BRICS countries under study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the long-run and causal relationships between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economicgrowth by using classical and augmented production functions, and making a comparison between renewable and non-renewable energy sources in order to determine which type of energy consumption is more important for economicgrowth in G7 countries for 1980–2009 period. Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration was employed for this purpose. Also, causality among energy consumption and economicgrowth was investigated by employing a recently developed causality test by Hatemi-J (2012). The long-run estimates showed that either renewable or non-renewable energy consumption matters for economicgrowth and augmented production function is more effective on explaining the considered relationship. On the other hand, although bidirectional causality is found for all countries in case of classical production function, mixed results are found for each country when the production function is augmented.

Abstract Looking at the recent nuclear accident in Fukushima, Japan, the consequences were not just environmental or economic. The accident was a big hit to the reputation and trust in nuclear power generation making a number of countries reconsider the nuclear energy as an option. The recent financial crisis might have limited even more the developed countries from the necessary capital to invest in expensive power options but this might change in the future if the positive environmental effects of the nuclear power can be proven substantial. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the causal link between nuclear energy consumption and economicgrowth for six developed countries over the period from 1971 to 2011. Granger causality procedure based on Meta-analysis in heterogeneous mixed panels is used to allow for cross-sectional dependency and heterogeneity across countries. The empirical findings for the overall panel support the presence of unidirectional causality running from economicgrowth to nuclear energy consumption across the G-6 countries. However, in the case of UK we find a bidirectional causality running from nuclear energy consumption to economicgrowth; while the results for Germany confirm the growth hypothesis and for the rest of the countries the neutrality hypothesis.

This paper discusses the contributions of university incubators to: technology intelligence, transfer and commercialisation; regional economic development. We utilise the case method and describe the history and contributions of university-based incubators started by the authors in the USA (1982), Ukraine (1992) and Finland (1996). We also discuss the role of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Office of Technology Commercialisation for assisting the incubator companies to evaluate and commercialise new technologies. We conclude with the 'lessons learned' and guidelines that may be useful to national economists, university administrators, and regional agencies that are managing new business incubators as agents for economicgrowth.

Abstract This paper explores the effects of financial development, economicgrowth, coal consumption and trade openness on environmental performance using time series data over the period 1965–2008 in case of South Africa. The ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration has been used to test the long run relationship among the variables while short run dynamics have been investigated by applying error correction method (ECM). The unit root properties of the variables are examined by applying Saikkonen and Lütkepohl (2002. Econometric Theory 18, 313–348) structural break unit root test. Our findings confirmed long run relationship among the variables. Results showed that a rise in economicgrowth increases energy emissions, while financial development reduces it. Coal consumption has significant contribution to deteriorate environment in South African economy. Trade openness improves environmental quality by reducing the growth of energy pollutants. Our empirical results also verified the existence of environmental Kuznets curve. This paper opens up new insights for South African economy to sustain economicgrowth by controlling environment from degrdation through efficient use of energy.

This article describes the results of an investigation concerning the failure of economizer tubes of a high-pressure boiler in ... . The cause of the failure of the economizer tube appears to be H2SO4 dew-point c...

It is estimated that there are 4500 incubators worldwide; growing at an annual rate of 30%, and that approximately 1500 are connected with universities. However, due to the lack of reliable statistics, there are valid questions concerning the contributions of university incubators to: technology transfer and commercialisation; and to regional economic development. To answer these two questions, we utilise the case method and describe the history and contributions of university-based incubators started by authors in the USA (1982), Ukraine (1992) and Finland (1996). We conclude with 'lessons learned' and guidelines that may be useful to national economists, government officials, university administrators and faculty, and to regional economic development agencies that are planning or managing new business incubators as agents for technology transfer and economicgrowth.

Casting high temperature alloys that solidify through a noticeable two phase region, specifically platinum-ruthenium alloys, is a particularly challenging task due to their high melting temperature and this necessitates ...

Objectives of this research were to review and critically evaluate economic methods and models for assessing the economic impacts of acid deposition-induced changes in forest productivity; to scope and assess the sensitivity of the potential economic impacts of changes in forest productivity; and to provide information and recommendations that will enhance Federal efforts to assess the economic impacts of acid deposition and to determine the benefits of alternative acid deposition mitigation and control strategies. A conceptual framework was developed for understanding and valuing the economic impacts of acid deposition-induced changes in forest productivity in markets for hardwood and softwood stumpage and the prducts made from this stumpage. Although the framework focuses on valuing the economic impacts of acid deposition, it could be used for any factor that causes changes in forest productivity. The scope of potential economic impacts due to changes in forest productivity was characterized. Based on this analysis, key methodological features were identified which would contribute substantially to providing accurate estimates of the economic damages caused by changes in forest productivity. These features served as the basis for identifying and critically evaluating existing models.

E000308 economic development and the environment Economic development in low-income economies sources of emissions that contribute to global climate change. Economic development depends on sustained drawdowns, may affect economic development in a dynamic interaction. This feedback is hard to quantify

of their respective Politburos and may be described as not only ‘surviving’ but thriving, experiencing economic stability and enjoying high rates of growth. This study examines the ramifications of economic and political reform policies implemented by four collapsed...

Abstract The current study investigates the causal relationship between economicgrowth and renewable energy consumption in the BRICS countries over the period 1971–2010 within a multivariate framework. The ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration and vector error correction model (VECM) are used to examine the long-run and causal relationships between economicgrowth, renewable energy consumption, trade openness and carbon dioxide emissions. Empirical evidence shows that, based on the ARDL estimates, there exist long-run equilibrium relationships among the competing variables. Regarding the VECM results, bi-directional Granger causality exists between economicgrowth and renewable energy consumption, suggesting the feedback hypothesis, which can explain the role of renewable energy in stimulating economicgrowth in BRICS countries.

LIBRARY, A & M COLLEGE, C A Rf P U S *A78-1138-7M-L180 TEXAS AGRICULTWIAW--=TUN -- A. B. CONNER, DIRECTOR I COLLEGE STATION, BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS BULLETIN NO. 568 JANUARY 1939 DIVISION OF FARM AND RANCH ECONOMICS IN COOPERATION... WITH THE BUREAU OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE An Economic Study of Farm Organization and Operation in the High Plains Cotton Area of Texas AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE OF TEXAS T. 0. WALTON, President [Blank Page...

Sample records for growth high economic from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Peaking of the world’s oil supply is resulting in economic, social, ... way to live and is utterly dependent on oil. Addressing current environmental problems is already a ... up their efforts to address global i...

There is growing recognition that transportation or infrastructure improvements can have longer-term catalytic impacts economic productivity, which are in addition to the direct, indirect, or induced household spending ...

The Chinese government announced new economic reform policies in December of 1978. The announcement included an urban distribution policy that emphasized small cities and towns for rural urbanization as a means to achieve ...

Based on the preliminary coal engine design developed, this task was conducted to identify the best opportunity(s) to enter the market with the future coal-fueled, high-speed diesel engine. The results of this market and economic feasibility assessment will be used to determine what specific heavy duty engine application(s) are most attractive for coal fuel, and also define basic economic targets for the engine to be competitive.

Abstract This study explores the effect of renewable and non-renewable electricity consumption on economicgrowth in 18 Latin American countries. To achieve the goal of this study a panel Gross Domestic Product (GDP) model was constructed taking the period 1980–2010 into account. From the Pedroni cointegration test results it was found that renewable electricity consumption, non-renewable electricity consumption, labor, gross fixed capital formation, and total trade are cointegrated. Moreover, the panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) test results revealed that all above the mentioned variables have a long run positive effect on GDP growth in the investigated countries. The Vector Error-Correction (VEC) Granger causality model results revealed the existence of feedback causality between the variables. The results of the study indicated that renewable electricity consumption is more significant than non-renewable electricity consumption in promoting economicgrowth in the investigated countries in the long run and the short run. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that the investigated countries should increase their investment on renewable energy projects to increase the role of electricity consumption from renewable sources. In addition, it is essential that these countries should reduce their non-renewable electricity consumption by increasing their energy efficiency and implementing energy saving projects. By applying these recommendations, these countries would be able to mitigate global warming and reduce their dependency on fossil fuel to increase their energy security.

The Impact of Trade Liberalization on SMEs versus Large Firms* by Subhadip Mukherjee** 11/10/2014 *This paper of SMEs versus Large Firms 1. Introduction This paper discusses the impact of trade liberalization of the textile industry in India by preventing technology growth, competitiveness, export growth and imports

Abstract Load growth in a system is a natural phenomenon. With the increase in load demand, system power loss and voltage drop increases. Distributed generators (DGs) are one of the best solutions to cope up with the load growth if they are allocated appropriately in the distribution system. In this work, optimal size and location of multiple \\{DGs\\} are found to cater the incremental load on the system and minimization of power loss without violating system constraints. For this a predetermined annual load growth up to five years is considered with voltage regulation as a constraint. The particle swarm optimization with constriction factor approach is applied to determine the optimum size and location with multiple DGs. To see the effect of load growth on system, 33-node IEEE standard test case is considered. It is observed that with the penetration of multiple number of \\{DGs\\} in distribution system, there is great improvement in several distribution system parameters. Moreover, the loading capacity of distribution system is enhanced through DG placement and its techno-economic benefits are also established.

This paper introduces two forms of interaction between private and public capital in an endogenous growth model in which productive government expenditure takes the form of a stock-variable and public capital is ...

Developing a Highly Efficient Multi-use Special Economic Zone in India Developing a Highly Efficient Multi-use Special Economic Zone in India Speaker(s): Jagadeesh Taluri Kushboo Modgil Date: June 3, 2010 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 LBNL is collaborating with Metro Valley to create the most energy efficient built environment in India. The proposed project is an ITES (Information Technology Enabled Services) Special Economic Zone which is a multi-tenanted campus consisting of work and support spaces for companies involved in research or knowledge processing. The goal of the project reaches beyond an energy efficient built environment for the Knowledge Industry to sustainability in the broadest sense: a sustainable environment, not just from the point of view of energy consumption, but also relative to the people who use it, the organizations that inhabit it,

...Third, the GDP share of...sustainable energy production...elasticity of demand for health...relative to GDP will be mitigated...increase in per capital medical...growth of per capita benefit liability...projections of the demand for Medicare...to 24% of GDP by 2085...adjusted per annum, per capita health costs...

-class and harvest date of shrimp. Yearly costs include postlarval shrimp, lubricant for pumps, pump repairs, pump fuel, fertilizer, feed, truck and tractor operation, utilities, ice, labor, interest, taxes, insurance, and depreciation. The growth function..., and several have begun operations or re- search. Among these corporations are Coca-Cola Company, Ralston Purina Company, Weyerhaeuser Company and Union Carbide Corporation, to name a few (Anon) . With the interest of investors in mariculture, researchers...

Highgrowth medium-size companies are important because they make a disproportionate contribution to economicgrowth, they are responsible for the creation of new employment, and they play a major role in the ...

This paper summarizes the potential market for process heat produced by a high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), the environmental benefits reduced CO2 emissions will have on these markets, and the typical economics of projects using these applications. It gives examples of HTGR technological applications to industrial processes in the typical co-generation supply of process heat and electricity, the conversion of coal to transportation fuels and chemical process feedstock, and the production of ammonia as a feedstock for the production of ammonia derivatives, including fertilizer. It also demonstrates how uncertainties in capital costs and financial factors affect the economics of HTGR technology by analyzing the use of HTGR technology in the application of HTGR and high temperature steam electrolysis processes to produce hydrogen.

This paper investigated the short-run causal relationships and the long-run equilibrium relationships among carbon dioxide emissions, economicgrowth, technical efficiency, and industrial structure for three African countries. Using Bounds cointegration approach the result showed evidence of multiple long-run equilibrium relationships for Ghana and Senegal but a one-way long-run equilibrium relationship for Morocco. The result from the Toda and Yomamoto granger causality test showed a mix of bidirectional, unidirectional, and neutral relationships for all countries. Whilst in Senegal carbon dioxide emission was not found to be a limiting factor to economicgrowth; it was found to act as a limiting factor to economicgrowth in Morocco and Ghana. Lastly, the result from the variance decomposition analysis revealed that economicgrowth contributes largely to changes in future carbon dioxide emissions in Senegal and Morocco whilst in Ghana technical efficiency contributes largely to changes in future variations in carbon dioxide emissions. These results have important policy implications for these countries' energy efficiency systems.

to an exceedingly small amount of uses for the first half century after Newcomen?s Dudley Castle Machine of 1712. Even once Watt 4 invented the separate condenser, steam engine take-up remained for many decades slow and limited to a handful of uses (mostly... mining). Similarly, the development of high-pressure steam engines in the first two decades of the 19th century did not expand steam use much beyond the realm of mining. It is only with the further advances in high-pressure technology...

Internship Program in Intellectual Property Rights and Technology Transfer at Michigan State Univ. includes five highly renowned international scientists that will set the scene for the discussions. All speakers. The symposium is organized by the Natural Resource Management and Livelihoods in International

invented the separate condenser, steam engine take-up remained for many decades slow and limited to a handful of uses (mostly mining). Similarly, the development of high-pressure steam engines in the first two decades of the nineteenth century did... ; and (3) steam. These are indeed the three GPTs mentioned in the original article by David (1990) from which much of the GPT literature originates. Field observes that steam has already been dealt a serious blow in its status as a GPT by Crafts...

Research underway on the advanced CANDU examines new, innovative, reactor concepts with the aim of significant cost reduction and resource sustainability through improved thermodynamic efficiency and plant simplification. The so-called CANDU-X concept retains the key elements of the current CANDU designs, including heavy-water moderator that provides a passive heat sink and horizontal pressure tubes. Improvement in thermodynamic efficiency is sought via substantial increases in both pressure and temperature of the reactor coolant. Following on from the new Next Generation (NG) CANDU, which is ready for markets in 2005 and beyond, the reactor coolant is chosen to be light water but at supercritical operating conditions. Two different temperature regimes are being studied, Mark 1 and Mark 2, based respectively on continued use of zirconium or on stainless-steel-based fuel cladding. Three distinct cycle options have been proposed for Mark 1: the High-Pressure Steam Generator (HPSG) cycle, the Dual cycle, and the Direct cycle. For Mark 2, the focus is on simplification via a Direct cycle. This paper presents comparative thermo-economic assessments of the CANDU-X cycle options, with the ultimate goal of ascertaining which particular cycle option is the best overall in terms of thermodynamics and economics. A similar assessment was already performed for the NG CANDU. The economic analyses entail obtaining cost estimates of major plant components, such as heat exchangers, turbines and pumps. (authors)

Sample records for growth high economic from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The distal fan margin in the northeast portion of the Yowlumne field contains significant reserves but is not economical to develop using vertical wells. Numerous interbedded shales and deteriorating rock properties limit producibility. In addition, extreme depths (13,000 ft) present a challenging environment for hydraulic fracturing and artificial lift. Lastly, a mature waterflood increases risk because of the uncertainty with size and location of flood fronts. This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting the distal fan margin of this slope-basin clastic reservoir through the use of a high-angle well completed with multiple hydraulic-fracture treatments. The combination of a high-angle (or horizontal) well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. The equivalent production rate and reserves of three vertical wells are anticipated at one-half to two-thirds the cost.

In order to explore the potential of using high temperature baghouses to enhance SO{sub 2} removal following upstream sorbent injection, an integrated two-stage reactor system has been built. It consists of an injection stage and a filtration stage. Distinct from one-stage fixed-bed reactors, sorbent particles in this system are initially converted under controlled injection conditions before entering the filtration reactor chamber. By the aid of the system, several unique features regarding the gas-solid reactions in the baghouse after economizer zone sorbent injection have been revealed. Results have shown that the appropriate usage of a high temperature baghouse may substantially enhance the performance of the process. The further SO{sub 2} removal in the baghouse is comprehensively affected by both the conditions in the injection zone and those in the baghouse.

Abstract The causality relationship between economicgrowth and coal, natural gas and oil consumption was investigated using the ARDL (autoregressive distributed lag bounds) testing approach for the 1980–2011 period in Brazil, Russian, India, China, Turkey and South Africa. According to long-run and strong causality results, there is bi-directional causality between oil energy consumption and Y for all countries. The long-run causality and strong causality results between coal consumption and economicgrowth indicated that there is bi-directional causality for China and India. According to long-run causality results and a strong causality result, there are bi-directional causality relationships between NGC (natural gas energy consumption) and Y for Brazil, Russia and Turkey.

Molten Gallium as a Catalyst for the Large-Scale Growth of Highly Aligned Silica Nanowires Zheng a small size (5-100 nm in diameter), high melting point metal (such as gold and iron) catalyst particle as an effective catalyst for the large-scale growth of highly aligned, closely packed silica nanowire bunches

Conventional semiconductor material growth technique is costly and time-consuming. Here we developed a new method to growth semiconductor thin films using high through-put combinatorial technique. In this way, we have successfully fabricated tens of semiconductor libraries with high crystallinity and high product of {mu}{tau} for the purpose of radiation detection.

A design for a commercial-scale high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) plant for hydrogen production has been developed. The HTE plant is powered by a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) whose configuration and operating conditions are based on the latest design parameters planned for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP). The current HTGR reference design specifies a reactor power of 600 MWt, with a primary system pressure of 7.0 MPa, and reactor inlet and outlet fluid temperatures of 322°C and 750°C, respectively. The power conversion unit will be a Rankine steam cycle with a power conversion efficiency of 40%. The reference hydrogen production plant operates at a system pressure of 5.0 MPa, and utilizes a steam-sweep system to remove the excess oxygen that is evolved on the anode (oxygen) side of the electrolyzer. The overall system thermal-to-hydrogen production efficiency (based on the higher heating value of the produced hydrogen) is 40.4% at a hydrogen production rate of 1.75 kg/s and an oxygen production rate of 13.8 kg/s. An economic analysis of this plant was performed with realistic financial and cost estimating assumptions. The results of the economic analysis demonstrated that the HTE hydrogen production plant driven by a high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear power plant can deliver hydrogen at a cost of $3.67/kg of hydrogen assuming an internal rate of return, IRR, of 12% and a debt to equity ratio of 80%/20%. A second analysis shows that if the power cycle efficiency increases to 44.4%, the hydrogen production efficiency increases to 42.8% and the hydrogen and oxygen production rates are 1.85 kg/s and 14.6 kg/s respectively. At the higher power cycle efficiency and an IRR of 12% the cost of hydrogen production is $3.50/kg.

A reference design for a commercial-scale high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) plant for hydrogen production was developed to provide a basis for comparing the HTE concept with other hydrogen production concepts. The reference plant design is driven by a high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear reactor coupled to a direct Brayton power cycle. The reference design reactor power is 600 MWt, with a primary system pressure of 7.0 MPa, and reactor inlet and outlet fluid temperatures of 540°C and 900°C, respectively. The electrolysis unit used to produce hydrogen includes 4,009,177 cells with a per-cell active area of 225 cm2. The optimized design for the reference hydrogen production plant operates at a system pressure of 5.0 MPa, and utilizes an air-sweep system to remove the excess oxygen that is evolved on the anode (oxygen) side of the electrolyzer. The inlet air for the air-sweep system is compressed to the system operating pressure of 5.0 MPa in a four-stage compressor with intercooling. The alternating-current, AC, to direct-current, DC, conversion efficiency is 96%. The overall system thermal-to-hydrogen production efficiency (based on the lower heating value of the produced hydrogen) is 47.12% at a hydrogen production rate of 2.356 kg/s. An economic analysis of this plant was performed using the standardized H2A Analysis Methodology developed by the Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program, and using realistic financial and cost estimating assumptions. The results of the economic analysis demonstrated that the HTE hydrogen production plant driven by a high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear power plant can deliver hydrogen at a competitive cost. A cost of $3.23/kg of hydrogen was calculated assuming an internal rate of return of 10%.

Economics Undergraduate BSc Economics BSc Economics and Politics #12;www.bath.ac.uk/economics Welcome to the Department of Economics The Department has a strong international research reputation in mainstream economics. Our teaching is internationally respected and our students are in demand by employers

Economics Postgraduate MSc Economics MSc Economics & Finance MSc International Money & Banking #12;www.bath.ac.uk/economics Welcome to the Department of Economics The Department offers a range. The Department has a strong international research reputation in mainstream economics. Our teaching and research

Abstract This paper uses a sample of 36 countries for the time period 1990–2011 in order to examine the relationship between countries? electricity consumption from renewable sources and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) levels. Several nonparametric techniques are applied to investigate the effect of electricity consumption from several renewable sources including wind, geothermal, solar, biomass and waste on countries? GDP levels. When investigating the whole sample ignoring countries? economic development status, the results reveal an increasing relationship up to a certain GDP level, which after that point the effect of electricity consumption on GDP stabilises. However when analyzing separately the ‘Emerging Markets and Developing Economies’, and, the ‘Advanced-Developed Economies’, the results change significantly. For the case of Emerging Market and Developing Economies the relationship appears to be highly nonlinear (an M-shape form) indicating that on those countries the levels of electricity consumption from renewable sources will not result on higher GDP levels. In contrast for the case of the advanced economies the results reveal an increasing nonlinear relationship indicating that higher electricity consumption levels from renewable sources results to higher GDP levels. This finding is mainly attributed to the fact that in the advanced-developed economies more terawatts from renewable sources are generated and consumed compared to the emerging market and developing economies, which traditionally their economies rely on non-renewable sources for power generation and consumption.

-D, and not optimised for neutron production) Fusion for ENERGY is difficult: #12;22 The smaller scale (and possible11 For economic energy, we need: tritium, large size to obtain hot fusing plasma; high fields and large currents high running costs, large stored energy (beware disruptions, ELMs) Fusion for NEUTRONS

1 Patterned Growth of High-quality Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes from Dip-coated Catalyst Rong the sintering of catalyst into Si at high temperature, the difference in surface wettability between Si and SiO2. The conventional way to pattern CNT growth involves selective sputtering (evaporation) of metal catalyst through

The penetration of wind power generation is expected to increase in power systems dramatically. The unpredictable nature of the wind generation poses an obstacle to high penetration of wind energy in the electric power systems. Demand response (DR) may be considered as an efficient approach to cope with the energy unbalances caused by the wind power intermittency. Fair mechanism for pricing of the DR may increase the demand-side participation which consequently facilitates wind power integration in the power systems. This paper focuses on the economic evaluation of the DR according to its potential for mitigating the wind power forecast error in the power system operation. Demand increase similar to the demand curtailment is considered as a DR resource and evaluated in this paper. For this purpose first an insight is provided into the power system operation under the high wind power penetration with the aim of extracting the DR benefits. Based on the DR benefits a mathematical model is developed to find the maximum monetary incentive for the DR that the system operator is willing to pay to the DR providers. In the proposed model DR's potential in reducing the cost of supplying load as well as its capability in reducing the cost of system reserve start up and shut down of units load shedding and wind power spillage are considered. The results of the proposed evaluation method provide valuable information for both the system operator and demand response providers. The proposed method is implemented on an example and a realistic case study and discussions on results are presented.

by LaSalle Manufacturing Corporation of Houston, Texas. The rooftop unit was then tested at Texas A&M University. The economics of manufacturing, purchasing and operating were also evaluated. This report summarizes the testing of the unit...

...extremes leads to risk aversion and a...counterproductive reduction in investment, leading to a...industrial output, investment growth and political stability to all...infrastructure investment is by nature too risky. The greater risk, however, probably...

Publisher Summary Economizers for boilers have been available for nearly 150 years, almost as long as boilers themselves. For modem shell boilers, high efficiencies have made it difficult to justify the use of an economizer, the final decision being based in terms of payback period, which is also dependent on fuel prices. Watertube boilers need an economizer section in the gas passes in order to obtain satisfactory efficiency. The economizer is integrated into the overall design, normally between the convective super-heater and the air heater if fitted. In shell boilers with a working pressure of between 7 and 17 bar the temperature of the mass of water in the boiler is typically in the range of 170-210Â°C. Allowing for a temperature difference of 30-50Â°C between the exhaust gases and the water temperature, the boiler exit gas temperature cannot be economically reduced beneath about 200-260Â°C, dependent on the operating pressure. It becomes necessary to modify the process principles to achieve further heat utilization and recovery. By using an economizer this is done by conducting the feedwater supply to the economizer wherein the exhaust gas passes over tubes carrying the feedwater. The feedwater represents a further cooling medium for the exhaust gases and provides the potential for the extra heat utilization.

Sample records for growth high economic from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

Note: This page contains sample records for the topic "growth high economic" from the National Library of EnergyBeta (NLEBeta).
While these samples are representative of the content of NLEBeta,
they are not comprehensive nor are they the most current set.
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restrictions on cross border capital flows, and reaching record levels in the 2000s when it averaged US$ 20,266.6 million. In the last three years, 2010-2012, FDI flows averaged nearly US$ 38 million with annual flows topping US$ 40 millions in 2011 and 2012... industry level data from 29 countries for the period 1985-2000, find that FDI in- creases growth when we account for the “quality” of FDI, adding that FDI at the industry level contributes to higher growth. Again the issue of the quality of FDI raises...

The effect of human capital composition on growth and development has been somewhat neglected in economic literature. However, evidence has suggested the importance of engineering and technical (high-tech) ski...

AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESPONSE OF IRRIGATED GRAIN SORGHUM TO NITROGEN ON PULLMAN SOILS IN THE HIGH PLAINS OF TEXAS A Thesis By ALFRED D. L. BYRD Submitted to the Graduate School of the Agricultural and Mechanical College... of Texas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1960 Ma]or Subject; Agricultural Economics AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF EXPERIMENTAL RESPONSE OF IRRIGATED GRAIN SORGHUM TO NITROGEN ON PULLMAN SOILS...

Forum: Low Carbon HighGrowth - Business Forum: Low Carbon HighGrowth - Business Models for a Changing Climate Jump to: navigation, search Calendar.png 15th International Business Forum: Low Carbon HighGrowth - Business Models for a Changing Climate: on 2012/10/21 "The conference will provide a platform for success stories of innovative, inclusive business models tackling climate change. Entrepreneurs, intrapreneurs, policy-makers and investors are invited to discuss their concepts and ideas in a public-private dialogue and jointly look for ways of scaling up innovative business solutions and cooperations. Taking up the recommendations of Rio+20, the 15th International Business Forum will discuss challenges of climate investments from a business perspective and present practical business-led approaches and solutions. The underlying

A research and development program is under way at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to assess the technological and scale-up issues associated with the implementation of solid-oxide electrolysis cell technology for efficient high-temperature hydrogen production from steam. This work is supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Nuclear Energy, under the Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative. This paper will provide an overview of large-scale system modeling results and economic analyses that have been completed to date. System analysis results have been obtained using the commercial code UniSim, augmented with a custom high-temperature electrolyzer module. Economic analysis results were based on the DOE H2A analysis methodology. The process flow diagrams for the system simulations include an advanced nuclear reactor as a source of high-temperature process heat, a power cycle and a coupled steam electrolysis loop. Several reactor types and power cycles have been considered, over a range of reactor outlet temperatures. Pure steam electrolysis for hydrogen production as well as coelectrolysis for syngas production from steam/carbon dioxide mixtures have both been considered. In addition, the feasibility of coupling the high-temperature electrolysis process to biomass and coal-based synthetic fuels production has been considered. These simulations demonstrate that the addition of supplementary nuclear hydrogen to synthetic fuels production from any carbon source minimizes emissions of carbon dioxide during the production process.

Intensity targets that adjust to economicgrowth are discussed as one option to control greenhouse gas emissions without strongly affecting economicgrowth and with less uncertain economic cost than absolute t...

flows, the automatic management of power outages, and the integration of renewable energy sources is at the core of sustainable economic, environmental and societal growth worldwide. This migration to more intelligent, user-friendly and responsive grids around the world is in large part enabled by the development

prosperity and economicgrowth since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Our use of energy to create the foundation for this new industrial revolution. The talk will also discuss policies public. F E A T U R I N G A New Industrial Revolution for a Sustainable Energy Future SCOB 228 Â· Friday

The cost of product water is a key factor in determination of acceptability of any desalination system and plant. In case of Sea Water Reverse Osmosis plants, most of the energy consumed is in the form of electricity. The High Pressure Pump (HPP) is the single major energy consuming equipment with a share of above 75%. Hence reduction in energy consumed by HPP will have a substantial effect on the overall energy consumption. The high starting torque requirement of high pressure pump results in increased acceleration time of the motor which subsequently increases the strain on the upstream electrical system from motor feeder to transformer. Provision of a Variable Frequency Drive can be a solution for both the above problems. This paper studies the techno-economic feasibility of providing variable frequency drive for HPP motor at NDDP, Kalpakkam.

Production of High Purity Production of High Purity Hydrogen from Domestic Coal: Assessing the Techno-Economic Impact of Emerging Technologies August 30, 2010 DOE/NETL-2010/1432 Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States (U.S.) government. Neither the U.S., nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily

This document summarizes the technical progress from April to September 2003 for the program, Material and Process Development Leading to EconomicalHigh-Performance Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, contract number DE-AC26-00NT40711. Characteristics of doped lanthanum gallate (LSGMF) powder suitable for thin electrolyte fabrication have been defined. Bilayers with thin LSGMF electrolyte supported on an anode were fabricated and the fabrication process was improved. Preliminary performance was characterized. High performance cathode material Sr{sub 0.5}Sm{sub 0.5}CoO{sub 3} has been down-selected and is being optimized by modifying materials characteristics and processing parameters. The selected cathode exhibited excellent performance with cathode polarization of {approx}0.23 ohm-cm{sup 2} at 600 C.

We report enhanced solar cell performance using high-density InAs quantum dots. The high-density quantum dot was grown by antimony mediated molecular beam epitaxy. In-plane quantum dot density over 1 × 10{sup 11} cm{sup ?2} was achieved by applying a few monolayers of antimony on the GaAs surface prior to quantum dot growth. The formation of defective large clusters was reduced by optimization of the growth temperature and InAs coverage. Comparing with a standard quantum dot solar cell without the incorporation of antimony, the high-density quantum dot solar cell demonstrates a distinct improvement in short-circuit current from 7.4 mA/cm{sup 2} to 8.3 mA/cm{sup 2}.

The Economics Initiative Department of Economics #12;Economics at LSE The Department of Economics is the top ranked economics department in Europe and among the top 12 worldwide. It is one of the largest economics departments in the world, with over 60 faculty and 1,000 students and a department which makes

Abstract An additional high pressure economizer was installed at Unit B1 of the 620 MWe lignite-fired Power Plant “Nikola Tesla B” after 30 years of its operation. An innovative connection of the new additional economizer was applied. It is in parallel connection to the first section of the originally built economizer and it is directly fed with the feedwater from the outlet of the feedwater pump. The analysis of Unit B1 operation with such an economizer arrangement is performed and it is supported by measured data. It is shown that more than 30 MWth of the flue gas waste heat is recovered. The Unit gross efficiency is increased by 0.53 percentage points, which leads to 9.4 MWe of the electric power production. The parallel connection of the additional economizer also leads to the partial feedwater bypass of the high pressure heaters, which enables an increase of the plant electric power by up to 24.5 MWe. The accompanying effects are the reduction of the pressure drop in the feedwater line and the economizers, which leads to the decrease of the energy consumption for the main feedwater pump operation. The applied solution is presented together with measured and calculated energy and economic benefits.

This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a prograding turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore.

This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low energy deposits at the distal end of a protruding turbidite complex through use of hydraulically fractured horizontal of high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the well bore.

This project attempts to demonstrate the effectivensss of exploiting thin-layered, low energy deposits at the distal margin of a propagating turbinite complex through u se of hydraulically fractgured horizontal of high-angle wells. TGhe combinaton of a horizontal or high-angle weoo and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore.

This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a propagating turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically-fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angled well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thininterbedded layers and the well bore.

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We report on the growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from a monometallic Co catalyst on an oxidized Si wafer support by the most simple growth recipe (vacuum annealing, growth by undiluted C2H2). Nevertheless, multiwavelength Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron spectroscopy show a remarkable selectivity for chiral indices and thus, e.g., high abundance with a single chirality representing 58% of all semiconducting tubes. In situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy monitors the catalyst chemistry during carbon nanotube growth and shows interfacial Co-Si interactions that may help to stabilize the nanoparticle/nanotube diameter. We outline a two-mechanism model explaining the selective growth.

This document summarizes the technical progress from September 2002 to March 2003 for the program, Material and Process Development Leading to EconomicalHigh-Performance Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, contract number DE-AC26-00NT40711. The causes have been identified for the unstable open circuit voltage (OCV) and low performance exhibited by the anode-supported lanthanum gallate based cells from the earlier development. Promising results have been obtained in the area of synthesis of electrolyte and cathode powders, which showed excellent sintering and densification at low temperatures. The fabrication of cells using tapecalendering process for anode-supported thin lanthanum gallate electrolyte cells and their performance optimization is in progress.

This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a prograding turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. A high-angle well will be drilled in the fan-margin portion of a slope-basin clastic reservoir and will be completed with multiple hydraulic-fracture treatments. Geologic modeling, reservoir characterization, and fine-grid reservoir simulation will be used to select the well location and orientation. Design parameters for the hydraulic-fracture treatments will be determined, in part, by fracturing an existing test well. Fracture azimuth will be predicted by passive seismic monitoring of a fracture-stimulation treatment in the test well using logging tools in an offset well.

This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting thin-layered, low-energy deposits at the distal margin of a prograding turbidite complex through the use of hydraulically fractured horizontal or high-angle wells. The combination of a horizontal or high-angle well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional vertical wells while maintaining vertical communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. A high-angle well will be drilled in the fan-margin portion of a slope-basin clastic reservoir and will be completed with multiple hydraulic-fracture treatments. Geologic modeling, reservoir characterization, and fine-grid reservoir simulation will be used to select the well location and orientation. Design parameters for the hydraulic-fracture treatments will be determined, in part, by fracturing an existing test well. Fracture azimuth will be predicted by passive seismic monitoring of a fracture-stimulation treatment in the test well using logging tools in an offset well. The long radius, near horizontal well was drilled during the first quarter of 1996. Well conditions resulted in the 7 in. production liner sticking approximately 900 ft off bottom. Therefore, a 5 in. production liner was necessary to case this portion of the target formation. Swept-out sand intervals and a poor cement bond behind the 5 in. liner precluded two of the three originally planned hydraulic fracture treatments. As a result, all pay intervals behind the 5 in. liner were perforated and stimulated with a non-acid reactive fluid. Following a short production period, the remaining pay intervals in the well (behind the 7 in. liner) were perforated. The well was returned to production to observe production trends and pressure behavior and assess the need to stimulate the new perforations.

We report on a technique for determining electronic transport properties using commercially available audio cards. Using a typical 24-bit audio card simultaneously as a sine wave generator and a narrow bandwidth ac voltmeter, we show the spectral purity of the analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion stages, including an effective number of bits greater than 16 and dynamic range better than 110 dB. We present two circuits for transport studies using audio cards: a basic circuit using the analog input to sense the voltage generated across a device due to the signal generated simultaneously by the analog output; and a digitally-compensated bridge to compensate for nonlinear behavior of low impedance devices. The basic circuit also functions as a high performance digital lock-in amplifier. We demonstrate the application of an audio card for studying the transport properties of spin-valve nanopillars, a two-terminal device that exhibits Giant Magnetoresistance (GMR) and whose nominal impedance can be sw...

A reference design for a commercial-scale high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) plant for hydrogen production was developed to provide a basis for comparing the HTE concept with other hydrogen production concepts. The reference plant design is driven by a high-temperature helium-cooled reactor coupled to a direct Brayton power cycle. The reference design reactor power is 600 MWt, with a primary system pressure of 7.0 MPa, and reactor inlet and outlet fluid temperatures of 540°C and 900°C, respectively. The electrolysis unit used to produce hydrogen consists of 4,009,177 cells with a per-cell active area of 225 cm2. A nominal cell area-specific resistance, ASR, value of 0.4 Ohm•cm2 with a current density of 0.25 A/cm2 was used, and isothermal boundary conditions were assumed. The optimized design for the reference hydrogen production plant operates at a system pressure of 5.0 MPa, and utilizes an air-sweep system to remove the excess oxygen that is evolved on the anode side of the electrolyzer. The inlet air for the air-sweep system is compressed to the system operating pressure of 5.0 MPa in a four-stage compressor with intercooling. The alternating current, AC, to direct current, DC, conversion is 96%. The overall system thermal-to-hydrogen production efficiency (based on the low heating value of the produced hydrogen) is 47.12% at a hydrogen production rate of 2.356 kg/s. An economic analysis of the plant was also performed using the H2A Analysis Methodology developed by the Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program. The results of the economic analysis demonstrated that the HTE hydrogen production plant driven by a high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear power plant can deliver hydrogen at a competitive cost using realistic financial and cost estimating assumptions. A required cost of $3.23 per kg of hydrogen produced was calculated assuming an internal rate of return of 10%. Approximately 73% of this cost ($2.36/kg) is the result of capital costs associated with the construction of the combined nuclear plant and hydrogen production facility. Operation and maintenance costs represent about 18% of the total cost ($0.57/kg). Variable costs (including the cost of nuclear fuel) contribute about 8.7% ($0.28/kg) to the total cost of hydrogen production, and decommissioning and raw material costs make up the remaining fractional cost.

Natural gas could be an important alternative energy source in meeting some of the market demand presently met by liquid products from crude oil. This study was initiated to analyze three energy markets to determine if greater use could be made of natural gas or natural gas derived products and if those products could be provided on an economically competitive basis. The three markets targeted for possible increases in gas use were motor fuels, power generation, and the chemical feedstocks market. The economics of processes to convert natural gas to transportation fuels, chemical products, and power were analyzed. The economic analysis was accomplished by drawing on a variety of detailed economic studies, updating them and bringing the results to a common basis. The processes analyzed included production of methanol, MTBE, higher alcohols, gasoline, CNG, and LNG for the transportation market. Production and use of methanol and ammonia in the chemical feedstock market and use of natural gas for power generation were also assessed. Use of both high and low quality gas as a process feed stream was evaluated. The analysis also explored the impact of various gas price growth rates and process facility locations, including remote gas areas. In assessing the transportation fuels market the analysis examined production and use of both conventional and new alternative motor fuels.

An assessment of short wavelength hydrodynamic stability is an essential component in the optimization of NIF ignition target designs. Using highly-resolved massively-parallel 2-D Hydra simulations, we routinely evaluate target designs up to mode numbers of 2000 ({lambda} {approx} 2 {micro}m). On the outer ablator surface, mode numbers up to {approx}300 ({lambda} {approx} 20 {micro}m) can have significant growth in CH capsule designs. At the internal fuel:ablator interface mode numbers up to {approx}2000 are important for both CH and Be designs. In addition, 'isolated features' on the capsule, such as the 'fill-tube' ({approx} 5 {micro}m scale-length) and defects, can seed short wavelength growth at the ablation front and the fuel:ablator interface, leading to the injection of {approx} 10's ng of ablator material into the central hot-spot. We are developing methods to measure high-mode mix on NIF implosion experiments. X-ray spectroscopic methods are appealing since mix into the hot-spot will result in x-ray emission from the high-Z dopant (Cu or Ge) in the ablator material (Be or CH).

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems have the potential to generate exhaust gas streams of high temperature, ranging from 400 to 800 C. These high temperature gas streams can be used for additional power generation with bottoming cycle technologies to achieve higher system power efficiency. One of the potential candidate bottoming cycles is power generation by means of thermoelectric (TE) devices, which have the inherent advantages of low noise, low maintenance and long life. This study was to analyze the feasibility of combining coal gas based SOFC and TE through system performance and cost techno-economic modeling in the context of multi-MW power plants, with 200 kW SOFC-TE module as building blocks. System and component concepts were generated for combining SOFC and TE covering electro-thermo-chemical system integration, power conditioning system (PCS) and component designs. SOFC cost and performance models previously developed at United Technologies Research Center were modified and used in overall system analysis. The TE model was validated and provided by BSST. The optimum system in terms of energy conversion efficiency was found to be a pressurized SOFC-TE, with system efficiency of 65.3% and cost of $390/kW of manufacturing cost. The pressurization ratio was approximately 4 and the assumed ZT of the TE was 2.5. System and component specifications were generated based on the modeling study. The major technology and cost barriers for maturing the system include pressurized SOFC stack using coal gas, the high temperature recycle blowers, and system control design. Finally, a 4-step development roadmap is proposed for future technology development, the first step being a 1 kW proof-of-concept demonstration unit.

High-tech firms are among the fastest growing in the United States. The four industries with the most rapid growth -internet, software, semiconductors, and technology hardware - have almost doubled their share of industry ...

correlating the damage to repairing cost on the life cycle loss using a simple model. Buildings are modeledEFFECT OF THE MODEL CORRELATING STRUCTURAL DAMAGE TO REPAIRING COST ON LIFE CYCLE ECONOMIC LOSS ESTIMATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES IN HIGH SEISMIC ZONE Noriyuki TAKAHASHI, Hitoshi SHIOHARA, and Shunsuke

This study investigated how high-performance computing (HPC) investments can improve economic success and increase scientific innovation. This research focused on the common good and provided uses for DOE, other government agencies, industry, and academia. The study created two unique economic models and an innovation index: 1 A macroeconomic model that depicts the way HPC investments result in economic advancements in the form of ROI in revenue (GDP), profits (and cost savings), and jobs. 2 A macroeconomic model that depicts the way HPC investments result in basic and applied innovations, looking at variations by sector, industry, country, and organization size. ? A new innovation index that provides a means of measuring and comparing innovation levels. Key findings of the pilot study include: IDC collected the required data across a broad set of organizations, with enough detail to create these models and the innovation index. The research also developed an expansive list of HPC success stories.

The purpose of these review notes is to provide a refresher in the major topics of Engineering Economics. Engineering economics deals with determining from a number of technically acceptable alternatives the o...

The authors have performed experiments to study the effect of thermal degradation on shock sensitivity and growth to detonation of several high-density plastic bonded explosives, confined in stainless steel cells. Assemblies were heated in situ in the target chamber of a light-gas gun. Confinement was varied to allow, in some cases, for thermal expansion of the explosive, and in other cases to vent the decomposition gases. Particle velocity profiles were measured using VISAR at a LiF window interface. Results for the IHE PBX-9502 showed that its sensitivity to shock initiation could be dramatically increased or decreased depending on the confinement conditions during heating. Effects were much less pronounced for PBX-9404 and PBX-9501.

We have performed experiments to study the effect of thermal degradation on shock sensitivity and growth to detonation of several high-density plastic bonded explosives confined in stainless steel cells. Assemblies were heated in situ in the target chamber of a light-gas gun. Confinement was varied to allow in some cases for thermal expansion of the explosive and in other cases to vent the decomposition gases. Particle velocity profiles were measured using VISAR at a LiF window interface. Results for the IHE PBX-9502 showed that its sensitivity to shock initiation could be dramatically increased or decreased depending on the confinement conditions during heating. Effects were much less pronounced for PBX-9404 and PBX-9501.

We have performed experiments to study the effect of thermal degradation on shock sensitivity and growth to detonation of several high-density plastic bonded explosives, confined in stainless steel cells. Assemblies were heated {ital in situ} in the target chamber of a light-gas gun. Confinement was varied to allow, in some cases, for thermal expansion of the explosive, and in other cases to vent the decomposition gases. Particle velocity profiles were measured using VISAR at a LiF window interface. Results for the IHE PBX-9502 showed that its sensitivity to shock initiation could be dramatically increased or decreased depending on the confinement conditions during heating. Effects were much less pronounced for PBX-9404 and PBX-9501. {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides are atomically thin direct-gap semiconductors that show a variety of novel electronic and optical properties with an optically accessible valley degree of freedom. While they are ideal materials for developing optical-driven valleytronics, the restrictions of exfoliated samples have limited exploration of their potential. Here, we present a physical vapor transport growth method for triangular WSe{sub 2} sheets of up to 30 ?m in edge length on insulating SiO{sub 2} substrates. Characterization using atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy reveals that they are uniform, monolayer crystals. Low temperature photoluminescence shows well resolved and electrically tunable excitonic features similar to those in exfoliated samples, with substantial valley polarization and valley coherence. The monolayers grown using this method are therefore of high enough optical quality for routine use in the investigation of optoelectronics and valleytronics.

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Economic Impact Report 2007 #12;BInghamton UnIvERsIty 8:1 return on investment The term "return will be returned to the state economy and $6 to the local economy -- delivering an economic impact of $8.65 billion as an engine of economicgrowth that improves the financial health of our region and state. EconomIc Impact

Transmitted to the Congress February 2008 Transmitted to the Congress February 2008 Together with the Annual Report of the Council of Economic Advisers Economic Report of the President Economic Report of the President For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 ISBN 978-0-16-079822-1 Transmitted to the Congress February 2008 together with THE ANNUAL REPORT of the COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2008 Fax: (202) 512-2104 Mail Stop: IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 C O N T E N T S ECONOMIC REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT ............................................. ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS* ...

The surface topography of hydrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:H) is critical for various applications such as microelectromechanical devices, magnetic and optical storage devices, and medical implants. The surface topography of ta-C:H films deposited by distributed electron cyclotron resonance plasma from C{sub 2}H{sub 2} gas precursor was investigated. The effects of pressure, together with ion flux and energy, are studied by atomic force microscopy in relation to the structural evolution of the films. The results are compared with the predictions of the Edward-Wilkinson model [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 44, 1039 (1966)] recently proposed to account for ta-C:H growth and with previous interpretations based on hypersonic shock waves. The random hillocks observed on the smooth surfaces of ta-C:H films deposited at high pressure are thought to result from the interference of high energy shock waves triggered by C{sub 4}H{sub x}{sup +} ions that produce overlapping collision cascades and induce nonlinear effects.

The sub-nanometer beam of a helium ion microscope was used to study and optimize helium-ion beam induced deposition of PtC nanopillars with the (CH{sub 3}){sub 3}Pt(CPCH{sub 3}) precursor. The beam current, beam dwell time, precursor refresh time, and beam focus have been independently varied. Continuous beam exposure resulted in narrow but short pillars, while pulsed exposure resulted in thinner and higher ones. Furthermore, at short dwell times the deposition efficiency was very high, especially for a defocused beam. Efficiencies were measured up to 20 times the value for continuous exposure conditions. The interpretation of the experimental data was aided by a Monte Carlo simulation of the deposition. The results indicate that two regimes are operational in ion beam induced deposition (IBID). In the first one, the adsorbed precursor molecules originally present in the beam interaction region decompose. After the original precursor layer is consumed, further depletion is averted and growth continues by the supply of molecules via adsorption and surface diffusion. Depletion around the beam impact site can be distinguished from depletion on the flanges of the growing pillars. The Monte Carlo simulations for low precursor surface coverage reproduce measured growth rates, but predict considerably narrower pillars, especially at short dwell times. Both the experiments and the simulations show that the pillar width rapidly increases with increasing beam diameter. Optimal writing strategy, good beam focusing, and rapid beam positioning are needed for efficient and precise fabrication of extended and complex nanostructures by He-IBID.

1 [working paper] Regional Economic Capacity, Economic Shocks, and Economic that makes them more likely to resist economic shocks or to recover quickly from of resilience capacity developed by Foster (2012) is related to economic resilience

rates typically achieved by disilane and silane, respectively, at 575o C. The rate at present is limited precursor HOS than disilane in CVD, even at lower temperatures. Our current growth rates of Si1-yCy alloys

ECONOMIC REPORT ECONOMIC REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT Economic Report of the President | 3 ECONOMIC REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT To the Congress of the United States: Over the past 6 years of economic expansion, the American economy has proven its strength and resilience. Job creation grew uninterrupted for a record period of time, inflation remains moderate, unemployment is low, and productivity continues to grow. The economy is built upon a strong foundation, with deep and sophisticated capital markets, flexible labor markets, low taxes, and open trade and investment policies. Americans should be confident about the long-term strength of our economy, but our economy is undergoing a period of uncertainty, and there are heightened risks to our near-term economicgrowth. To insure against

...NT113, a Pan-ERBB Inhibitor with High Brain Penetrance, Inhibits the Growth of Glioblastoma...revealed significantly higher NT113 normal brain-to-plasma and intracranial tumor-to-plasma...most common and malignant form of primary brain tumor in adults (1). EGFR is amplified...

ECONOMICS FINANCIAL ECONOMICS RESOURCE ECONOMICS AND POLICY Program of Study The School of Economics at the University of Maine provides excellent opportunities for graduate students to study applied economics, financial economics, and policy analysis. The School of Economics administers the Master

ECONOMIC DISPATCH ECONOMIC DISPATCH OF ELECTRIC GENERATION CAPACITY A REPORT TO CONGRESS AND THE STATES PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 1234 AND 1832 OF THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005 United States Department of Energy February 2007 ECONOMIC DISPATCH OF ELECTRIC GENERATION CAPACITY A REPORT TO CONGRESS AND THE STATES PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 1234 AND 1832 OF THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005 Sections 1234 and 1832 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct) 1 direct the U.S. Department of Energy (the Department, or DOE) to: 1) Study the procedures currently used by electric utilities to perform economic dispatch; 2) Identify possible revisions to those procedures to improve the ability of non-utility generation resources to offer their output for sale for the purpose of inclusion in

The growth of small amplitude, spatially uncorrelated perturbations has been studied in a weather forecast of a four day period in Summer 2007, using a large domain covering Europe and eastern Atlantic and with explicitly resolved deep convection. ...

) provide a detailed discussion of how aid can effect economicgrowth through the production process. #121 Demographic Transition and Economic Welfare: The Role of Humanitarian Aid Stephen M. Miller-6005 stephen.miller@unlv.edu Kyriakos C. Neanidis Economics Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research

Abstract Proper use of building shading devices can only improve the thermal comfort in indoor environment, but also reduce cooling energy consumption effectively. Researches on this topic have been mostly conducted for office buildings, but were limited for exterior shading devices of high-rise buildings, where cooling is a major energy consumer. This paper presents an integrated approach for exterior shading design analysis about energy performance and economic feasibility in a high-rise residential building (Seoul, Korea) by both numerical simulations and field mock-up test for possibility of installing. The sun-shading/daylighting performance analysis of the 48 exterior shading devices was measured with 4.0 m × 3.2 m window module size during the period of May–September. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of the cooling energy saving potential of solar radiation controls was conducted with DOE-2.1E simulation program. The cooling energy saving potential was about 20%, while the reducing of solar heat gain by the two exterior shading devices (the horizontal overhang and the vertical panel) would lead to a decrease of the cooling energy demand 19.7% and 17.3%, respectively. Cost benefit and economic feasibility was also analyzed, in consideration of the OPEX and CAPEX, depending on the shading type. The significance of this study lies in providing basic information for rational exterior shading planning, when designing high-rise residential buildings.

This paper reports the analysis of outcomes for a 3000 MWt HTGR plant, given price and cost assumptions, and determines what level of hydrogen and electricity production would optimize the plant economically and environmentally (carbon reduction). Coupling nuclear power with hydrogen production could fundamentally alter the character of the nuclear industry and nuclear technology’s development path. For this to happen, the hydrogen economy will have to be realized, and a new generation of reactors technically suitable to co-production of hydrogen with electric power must be developed and proven. The paper shows that the tradeoff between producing hydrogen through steam methane reformation and producing electricity is disproportionate and would require significant price increases for electricity to change the outcomes. It also found that estimate of shadow values for carbon credits was in the range now under discussion.

Grain boundary chromium carbides improve the resistance of nickel based alloys to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC). However, in weld heat affected zones (HAZ's), thermal cycles from fusion welding can solutionize beneficial grain boundary carbides, produce locally high residual stresses and strains, and promote PWSCC. The present research investigates the crack growth rate of an A600 HAZ as a function of test temperature. The A600 HAZ was fabricated by building up a gas-tungsten-arc-weld deposit of EN82H filler metal onto a mill-annealed A600 plate. Fracture mechanics based, stress corrosion crack growth rate testing was performed in high purity water between 600 F and 680 F at an initial stress intensity factor of 40 ksi {radical}in and at a constant electrochemical potential. The HAZ samples exhibited significant SCC, entirely within the HAZ at all temperatures tested. While the HAZ samples showed the same temperature dependence for SCC as the base material (HAZ: 29.8 {+-} 11.2{sub 95%} kcal/mol vs A600 Base: 35.3 {+-} 2.58{sub 95%} kcal/mol), the crack growth rates were {approx} 30X faster than the A600 base material tested at the same conditions. The increased crack growth rates of the HAZ is attributed to fewer intergranular chromium rich carbides and to increased plastic strain in the HAZ as compared to the unaffected base material.

Economics Essentials What economics courses are there? BA EconomicsEconomics and International Development Economics and International Relations Economics and Politics Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) (p103) BSc EconomicsEconomics and Management Studies Finance and Business (p46) Mathematics

today's highly competitive marketplace, rapid creation today's highly competitive marketplace, rapid creation and commercialization of scientific advances and innovative technologies are key to the continued prosperity of the United States. Scientists and engineers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) have achieved numerous science and technology breakthroughs that have led to new industries, spurred economicgrowth and benefited the national welfare.

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The digital fan margin in the northeast portion of the Yowlumne field contains significant reserves but is not economic to develop using verticle wells. Numerous interbedded shales and deteriorating rock properties limit producibility. In addition, extreme depths (13,000 ft) present a challenging environment for hydraulic fracturing and artificial lift. Lastly, a mature waterflood increases risk because of the uncertainty with size and location of flood fronts. This project attempts to demonstrate the effectiveness of exploiting the distal fan margin of this slope-basin clastic reservoir through the use of a high-angle well completed with multiple hydraulic-fracture treatments. The combination of a high-angle (or horizontal) well and hydraulic fracturing will allow greater pay exposure than can be achieved with conventional verticle wells while maintaining verticle communication between thin interbedded layers and the wellbore. The equivalent production rate and reserves of three verticle wells are anticipated at one-half to two-thirds the cost.

... DESALINATION as a source of fresh water is well established technically. Now, like nuclear power ... and most important, conclusion is that flash distillation, so far the market leader in desalination equipment, is unlikely to be economic for base load production of fresh water in ...

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium films (a-SiGe:H) and devices have been extensively studied because of the tunable band gap for matching the solar spectrum and mature the fabrication techniques. a-SiGe:H thin film solar cells have great potential for commercial manufacture because of very low cost and adaptability to large-scale manufacturing. Although it has been demonstrated that a-SiGe:H thin films and devices with good quality can be produced successfully, some issues regarding growth chemistry have remained yet unexplored, such as the hydrogen and inert-gas dilution, bombardment effect, and chemical annealing, to name a few. The alloying of the SiGe introduces above an order-of-magnitude higher defect density, which degrades the performance of the a-SiGe:H thin film solar cells. This degradation becomes worse when highgrowth-rate deposition is required. Preferential attachment of hydrogen to silicon, clustering of Ge and Si, and columnar structure and buried dihydride radicals make the film intolerably bad. The work presented here uses the Electron-Cyclotron-Resonance Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (ECR-PECVD) technique to fabricate a-SiGe:H films and devices with highgrowth rates. Helium gas, together with a small amount of H{sub 2}, was used as the plasma species. Thickness, optical band gap, conductivity, Urbach energy, mobility-lifetime product, I-V curve, and quantum efficiency were characterized during the process of pursuing good materials. The microstructure of the a-(Si,Ge):H material was probed by Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy. They found that the advantages of using helium as the main plasma species are: (1) highgrowth rate--the energetic helium ions break the reactive gas more efficiently than hydrogen ions; (2) homogeneous growth--heavy helium ions impinging on the surface promote the surface mobility of the reactive radicals, so that heteroepitaxy growth as clustering of Ge and Si, columnar structure are reduced; (3) surface hydrogen removal--heavier and more energetic helium ions break the Si-H much easier than hydrogen ions. The preferential attachment of Si-H to Ge-H is reduced. They also found that with the small amount of hydrogen put into the plasma, the superior properties of a-(Si,Ge):H made from pure hydrogen dilution plasma were still maintained. These hydrogen ions help to remove the subsurface weakly bonded hydrogen and buried hydrogen. They also help to passivate the Ge-dangling bond.

A steady-state free dendrite growth model accommodating nonlocal equilibrium tip conditions and curved liquidus and solidus has been developed. The developed model assumes a dendrite tip of a paraboloid of revolution and is applicable to dendrite growth in dilute binary alloys for all values of P{sub c}, and reduces to the BCT model for linear liquidus and solidus. The marginal stability criterion of Trivedi and Kurz is shown to apply even in the presence of kinetic undercooling and curved phase boundaries when used with an appropriate concentration-dependent liquidus slope. The model is applied to Sn-Pb alloys to predict the tip velocity, tip radius, solute trapping, and four components of undercooling in the quasi-solutal, solutal-to-thermal transition and quasi-thermal regions.

Discussion Papers in Economics Department of Economics University of Surrey Guildford Surrey GU2 7 participants at Aberdeen, Essex, LSE, UCL, the Paris School of Economics and from participants in the 2007 Royal Economic Society annual conference held in Warwick, the 2007 American Law and Economics

A fuel economizer device for use with an internal combustion engine fitted with a carburetor is disclosed. The fuel economizer includes a plate member which is mounted between the carburetor and the intake portion of the intake manifold. The plate member further has at least one aperture formed therein. One tube is inserted through the at least one aperture in the plate member. The one tube extends longitudinally in the passage of the intake manifold from the intake portion toward the exit portion thereof. The one tube concentrates the mixture of fuel and air from the carburetor and conveys the mixture of fuel and air to a point adjacent but spaced away from the inlet port of the internal combustion engine.

on Energy Prices, Renewables, Efficiency, and EconomicGrowth: Scenarios and Forecasts, financial support and incentives to promote energy efficiency and renewable energy and decrease the use of fossil fuels. Aligned with that plan, the state legislature recently passed the nation's boldest commitment to renewable energy

to positive growth during the last three months of 2006. Real estate and business services provided the main What the Council of Economic Advisors need to know about sustainable development Evan Williams, Eric Mc

The Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA) mandated that minimum energy efficiency standards be established for classes of refrigerators and refrigerator-freezers, freezers, clothes dryers, water heaters, room air conditioners, home heating equipment, kitchen ranges and ovens, central air conditioners, and furnaces. EPCA requires that standards be designed to achieve the maximum improvement in energy efficiency that is technologically feasible and economically justified. Following the introductory chapter, Chapter Two describes the methodology used in the economic analysis and its relationship to legislative criteria for consumer product efficiency assessment; details how the CPES Value Model systematically compared and evaluated the economic impacts of regulation on the consumer, manufacturer and Nation. Chapter Three briefly displays the results of the analysis and lists the proposed performance standards by product class. Chapter Four describes the reasons for developing a baseline forecast, characterizes the baseline scenario from which regulatory impacts were calculated and summarizes the primary models, data sources and assumptions used in the baseline formulations. Chapter Five summarizes the methodology used to calculate regulatory impacts; describes the impacts of energy performance standards relative to the baseline discussed in Chapter Four. Also discussed are regional standards and other program alternatives to performance standards. Chapter Six describes the procedure for balancing consumer, manufacturer, and national impacts to select standard levels. Details of models and data bases used in the analysis are included in Appendices A through K.

The emittance induced by space charge in a drifting beam of finite length has been investigated, and a scaling law has been obtained from simple considerations of the different rates of expansion of different portions of the beam. The scaling law predicts the initial rate of emittance growth, before the beam shape has distorted significantly, and thus represents an upper bound on the rate of emittance increase. This scaling law has been substantiated by particle-in-cell simulation and the dependence on geometric factors evaluated for specific choices of the beam profile. For long, axially nonuniform beams, the geometric factors have been evaluated explicitly for Gaussian profiles, and other shapes.

Abstract Compared with their bulk counterparts, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) crystals exhibit new physical properties, and have the potential to enable next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, controlled synthesis of large uniform monolayer and multi-layer 2D crystals is still challenging. Here, we report the controlled synthesis of 2D GaSe crystals on SiO2/Si substrates using a vapor phase deposition method. For the first time, uniform, large (up to ~60 m in lateral size), single-crystalline, triangular monolayer GaSe crystals were obtained and their atomic resolution structure were characterized. The size, density, shape, thickness, and uniformity of the 2D GaSe crystals were shown to be controllable by growth duration, growth region, growth temperature, and argon carrier gas flow rate. The theoretical modeling of the electronic structure and Raman spectroscopy demonstrate a direct-to-indirect bandgap transition and progressive confinement-induced bandgap shifts for 2D GaSe crystals. The 2D GaSe crystals show p-type semiconductor characteristics and high photoresponsivity (~1.7 A/W under white light illumination) comparable to exfoliated GaSe nanosheets. These 2D GaSe crystals are potentially useful for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors and field-effect transistors.

The high magnetic field is widely used to modify the crystal morphology. In this work, the effect of the magnetic field on growing behavior of faceted crystals in the Al-40 wt. %Cu alloy was investigated using directional solidification technique. It was found that the faceted growth of primary Al{sub 2}Cu phase was degraded and the primary spacing was reduced upon applying the magnetic field. Additionally, the length of the mushy zone first decreased and then increased with increase of the magnetic field intensity. The quantitative analysis reveals that the shear stress induced by the fluid motion is insufficient to break the atom bonds at the solid-liquid interface. However, both of the thermoelectric magnetic convection (TEMC) and the thermoelectric magnetic force (TEMF) cause dendrites to fracture and reduce the primary spacing. The two effects also weaken the faceting growth. Moreover, the instability of the solid-liquid interface is generated by the TEMF, which further leads to degrade the faceted growth. The length of mushy zone was changed by the TEMC and reached the minimum in the magnetic field of 0.5 T, which is in good agreement with the predicted value (0.83 T)

Fatigue crack growth rate tests were performed on a 304 stainless steel compact tension (CT) specimen in water with 40-60 cc/kg H[sub]2. Data in the literature for CT tests show minor environmental effects in hydrogenated water, but higher effects in oxygenated water. However, the PWR data presented by Bernard, et al (1979) were taken at low stress ratios (R=0.05) and high stress intensity levels (delta K=16-41 MPa square root m). The purpose of these tests is to explore the crack growth rate characteristics of 304 SS in hydrogenated water at higher R values (0.7 and 0.83) and lower delta K values (11.0 and 7.7 MPa square root m). Each set of R, delta K conditions were tested at frequencies of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 Hz. The results show a pronounced effect on crack growth rates when compared to available literature data on air rates.

This patent describes an engine economizer system adapted to supply an internal combustion engine with a heated air and water vapor mixture. It comprises a containment vessel, the vessel having: water level control means, an engine coolant fluid circuit, an engine lubricant circuit, an elongated air passage, air disbursement means, a water reservoir, air filter means, a vacuum aspiration port, and engine induction means associated with one of the carburetor and intake manifold and adapted to draw in the heated air and water vapor mixture by means of a hose connection to the aspiration port.

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WEST VIRGINIA ECONOMIC OUTLOOK 2009 BUREAU OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH College of Business and Economics West Virginia University #12;West Virginia Economic Outlook 2009 George W. Hammond, Associate Director, BBER, and Associate Professor of Economics West Virginia Economic Outlook 2009 is published

With the development of the economy in the recent years, Malaysia is maintaining a higheconomicgrowth and therefore, its energy consumption increases dramatically. Residential buildings are characterized by being envelope-load dominated buildings...

A miniaturised CF-38 mountable sputter source for oxide and metal thin film preparation with enhanced high-vacuum and ultra-high-vacuum compatibility is described. The all home-built sputtering deposition device allows a high flexibility also in oxidic sputter materials, suitable deposition rates for preparation of films in the nm- and the sub-monolayer regime and excellent reliability and enhanced cleanliness for usage in UHV chambers. For a number of technologically important – yet hardly volatile – materials, the described source represents a significant improvement over thermal deposition techniques like electron-beam- or thermal evaporation, as especially the latter are no adequate tool to prepare atomically clean layers of refractory oxide materials. Furthermore, it is superior to commercially available magnetron sputter devices, especially for applications, where highly reproducible sub-monolayer thin film preparation under very clean UHV conditions is required (e.g., for studying phase boundary effects in catalysis). The device in turn offers the usage of a wide selection of evaporation materials and special target preparation procedures also allow the usage of pressed oxide powder targets. To prove the performance of the sputter-source, test preparations with technologically relevant oxide components, comprising ZrO{sub 2} and yttrium-stabilized ZrO{sub 2}, have been carried out. A wide range of characterization methods (electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low-energy ion scattering, atomic force microscopy, and catalytic testing) were applied to demonstrate the properties of the sputter-deposited thin film systems.

...are found and by low-cost methods. Demands for...the proposals for using nuclear energy to fracture underground...one can say. If energy costs go up, as they seem...example, the use of nuclear explosives as described...without environmental costs, without affecting Third...

The basic machines of macroeconomics. Ramsey, Solow, Samuelson-Diamond, RBCs, ISLM, Mundell-Fleming, Fischer-Taylor. How they work, what shortcuts they take, and how they can be used. Half-term subject. From the course ...

...produce less effluent per ton of produc-tion...facilities to spill less per ton-mile, for example...decrease in effluents per unit of produc-tion...overcome the increase in production or consumption itself...someone's life is shortened or days of sickness are lengthened...

of greenhouse gases (ghg). The United States, which accounts for around a quarter of global ghg emissions (IEA change problem and argue that ghg cuts could imperil their economicgrowth, which they expect to lift have less capacity for ghg miti- gation, but also from the fact that, given their economicgrowth

Highlights: •Most cancer types of the NCI60 have sub-sets of cell lines with high GHR expression. •GHR is highly expressed in melanoma cell lines. •GHR is elevated in advanced stage IV metastatic tumors vs. stage III. •GH treatment of metastatic melanoma cell lines alters growth and cell signaling. -- Abstract: Accumulating evidence implicates the growth hormone receptor (GHR) in carcinogenesis. While multiple studies show evidence for expression of growth hormone (GH) and GHR mRNA in human cancer tissue, there is a lack of quantification and only a few cancer types have been investigated. The National Cancer Institute’s NCI60 panel includes 60 cancer cell lines from nine types of human cancer: breast, CNS, colon, leukemia, melanoma, non-small cell lung, ovarian, prostate and renal. We utilized this panel to quantify expression of GHR, GH, prolactin receptor (PRLR) and prolactin (PRL) mRNA with real-time RT qPCR. Both GHR and PRLR show a broad range of expression within and among most cancer types. Strikingly, GHR expression is nearly 50-fold higher in melanoma than in the panel as a whole. Analysis of human metastatic melanoma biopsies confirmed GHR gene expression in melanoma tissue. In these human biopsies, the level of GHR mRNA is elevated in advanced stage IV tumor samples compared to stage III. Due to the novel finding of high GHR in melanoma, we examined the effect of GH treatment on three NCI60 melanoma lines (MDA-MB-435, UACC-62 and SK-MEL-5). GH increased proliferation in two out of three cell lines tested. Further analysis revealed GH-induced activation of STAT5 and mTOR in a cell line dependent manner. In conclusion, we have identified cell lines and cancer types that are ideal to study the role of GH and PRL in cancer, yet have been largely overlooked. Furthermore, we found that human metastatic melanoma tumors express GHR and cell lines possess active GHRs that can modulate multiple signaling pathways and alter cell proliferation. Based on this data, GH could be a new therapeutic target in melanoma.

MICRO-ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES ON TUNISIA'S AGRO-EXPORT STRATEGY Jeremy D. Foltz ABSTRACT This paper reviews Tunisia's movement to an agricultural export strategy as a method of creating rural economicgrowth. Having explained the economic logic and pitfalls of agro-export production, it then evaluates

The procedure of the Pd aerogel preparation (A) and a possible schematic representation of the Ca2+-induced assembly of citrate-coated Pd NPs (B) are shown in Scheme 1 together with a photograph of the evolving aerogels induced by 0.1 mM Ca2+ (C). ... Scheme 1. Procedure of the Pd Aerogel Preparation (A), Possible Schematic Representation for the Ca2+-Induced Assembly of Citrate-Coated Pd NPs (B), and Photograph of the As-Prepared Pd Aerogels (C) ... These values are in the typical range of aerogel densities (0.004–0.500 g cm–3) and underlining high porosities. ...

Red grouper is an economically important species of the southeast United States and in particular the Gulf of Mexico. Red grouper are highly territorial and often remain at the same site for long periods of time. We now know Red grouper are also engineering marvels for their ability to modify habitat through

Gas phase diagnosis of disilane/hydrogen plasma was carried out using mass spectrometry. At highgrowth rate (20 Ĺ/s) conditions using pure disilane as a source gas, the partial pressure of disilane molecules measured by mass spectrometry was more than one order of magnitude higher than in the case when mono-silane was used as a source gas. The stability of amorphous silicon films prepared from disilane was improved by the hydrogen dilution technique, although the disilane partial pressure in this condition was much higher than in the case when mono-silane was used as a source gas for device quality films. The relation between the gas phase species and the stability of the resulting films is studied. It was found that increase in disilane related signal intensity do not decrease film stability directly.

Irradiation assisted stress corrosion cracking (IASCC) is one of the critical concerns when stainless steel components have been in service in light water reactors (LWRs) for a long period. In general, IASCC can be reproduced on the materials irradiated over a certain threshold fluence level of fast neutron by the post-irradiation examinations (PIEs). It is, however, considered that the reproduced IASCC by PIEs must be carefully compared with the actual IASCC in nuclear power plants, because the actual IASCC occurs in the core under simultaneous effects of radiation, stress and high temperature water environment. In the research field of IASCC, mainly PIEs for irradiated materials have been carried out, because there are many difficulties on SCC tests under neutron irradiation. Hence as a part of the key techniques for in-pile SCC tests, we have embarked on a development of the test technique to obtain information concerning effects of applied stress level, water chemistry, irradiation conditions, etc. A high temperature water loop facility was installed at the Japan Materials Testing Reactor (JMTR) to carry out the in-pile IASCC testing under a framework of cooperative research program between JAERI and the JAPC. In-pile IASCC growth tests have been successfully carried out using the compact tension (CT) type specimens of type 304 stainless steel that had been pre-irradiated up to a neutron fluence level around 1 x 10{sup 25} n/m{sup 2} before the in-pile testing since 2004. The tests were carried out in pure water simulated boiling water reactor (BWR) coolant condition. In the paper, results of the in-pile SCC growth tests will be discussed comparing with the result obtained by PIEs from a viewpoint of the synergistic effects on IASCC. (authors)

The paper attempts to examine the extent to which income growth was beneficial to poverty reduction in Romania between the years 2000 and 2007. We build income growth incidence curves, both in absolute and relative terms, on the basis of mean individual ... Keywords: economicgrowth, growth incidence curve, income, inequality, poverty, pro-poor growth

activity, often measured by real GDP growth, is expected to increase in the next three to six months, given in economic activity in Southern California (Figure 2). Figure 2 Leading Indicators and Real GDP -10.0 -8.0 -6 currently projects an increase in Southern California economic activity in the next three to six months

Monthly economic diversity column for the Tri-City Herald (May 2012) - excerpt follows: It’s been a while since I’ve updated you on the Tri-Cities Research District, most certainly not for lack of new activity over the past several months. In fact, much has happened, and there’s more to come. I think many of us see new land development and construction as indicative of current or impending economicgrowth. So those of you who have ventured into North Richland either via Stevens Drive or George Washington Way lately have probably begun sensing and anticipating that such growth is afoot.

Single-crystal strontium iodide (SrI2) doped with relatively high levels (e.g., 3 - 6 %) of Eu2+ exhibits characteristics that make this material superior, in a number of respects, to other scintillators that are currently used for radiation detection. Specifically, SrI2:Eu2+ has a light yield that is significantly higher than LaBr3:Ce3+ -a currently employed commercial high-performance scintillator. Additionally, SrI2:Eu2+ is characterized by an energy resolution as high as 2.6% at the 137Cs gamma-ray energy of 662 keV, and there is no radioactive component in SrI2:Eu2+ - unlike LaBr3:Ce3+ that contains 138La. The Ce3+-doped LaBr3 decay time is, however, faster (30 nsec) than the 1.2 sec decay time of SrI2:Eu2+. Due to the relatively low melting point of strontium iodide (~515 oC), crystal growth can be carried out in quartz crucibles by the vertical Bridgman technique. Materials-processing and crystal-growth techniques that are specific to the Bridgman growth of europium-doped strontium iodide scintillators are described here. These techniques include the use of a porous quartz frit to physically filter the molten salt from a quartz antechamber into the Bridgman growth crucible and the use of a bent or bulb grain selector design to suppress multiple grain growth. Single crystals of SrI2:Eu2+ scintillators with good optical quality and scintillation characteristics have been grown in sizes up to 5.0 cm in diameter by applying these techniques. Other aspects of the SrI2:Eu2+ crystal-growth methods and of the still unresolved crystal-growth issues are described here.

The overall objective of this multi-faceted program is to develop epitaxial growth systems that meet a goal of 75% (4X) cost reduction in the epitaxy phase of HB-LED manufacture. A 75% reduction in yielded epitaxy cost is necessary in order to achieve the cost goals for widespread penetration of HB-LEDâ??s into back-lighting units (BLU) for LCD panels and ultimately for solid-state lighting (SSL). To do this, the program will address significant improvements in overall equipment Cost of Ownership, or CoO. CoO is a model that includes all costs associated with the epitaxy portion of production. These aspects include cost of yield, capital cost, operational costs, and maintenance costs. We divide the program into three phases where later phases will incorporate the gains of prior phases. Phase one activities are enabling technologies. In collaboration with Sandia National Laboratories we develop a Fluent-compatible chemistry predictive model and a set of mid-infrared and near-ultraviolet pyrometer monitoring tools. Where previously the modeling of the reactor dynamics were studied within FLUENT alone, here, FLUENT and Chemkin are integrated into a comprehensive model of fluid dynamics and the most advanced transport equations developed for Chemkin. Specifically, the Chemkin model offered the key reaction terms for gas-phase nucleation, a key consideration in the optimization of the MOCVD process. This new predictive model is used to design new MOCVD reactors with optimized growth conditions and the newly developed pyrometers are used monitor and control the MOCVD process temperature to within 0.5Â°C run-to-run and within each wafer. This portion of the grant is in collaboration with partners at Sandia National Laboratories. Phase two activities are continuous improvement projects which extend the current reactor platform along the lines of improved operational efficiency, improved systems control for throughput, and carrier modifications for increased yield. Programmatically, improvements made in Phase I are applied to developments of Phase II when applicable. Phase three is the culmination of the individual tasks from both phases one and two applied to proposed production platforms. We selectively combine previously demonstrated tasks and other options to develop a high-volume production-worthy MOCVD system demonstrating >3x throughput, 1.3x capital efficiency, and 0.7x cost of ownership. In a parallel demonstration we validate the concept of an improved, larger deposition system which utilizes the predictive modeling of chemistry-based flow analysis and extensions of the improvements demonstrated on the current platforms. This validation includes the build and testing of a prototype version of the hardware and demonstration of 69% reduction in the cost of ownership. Also, in this phase we present a stand-alone project to develop a high-temperature system which improves source efficiency by 30% while concurrently increasing growth rate by 1.3x. The material quality is held to the same material quality specifications of our existing baseline processes. The merits of other line item tasks in phase three are discussed for inclusion on next-generation platforms.

Sample records for growth high economic from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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that the model could produce chaotic dynamics, but our analysis cannot confirm that conjecture. Further this thesis analyses the dynamics of a variant of Jones semi-endogenous growth model "Sources of US Economicgrowth in a World of Ideas" The American Economic...

Economics Department Mission Statement The mission of the Economics Department at the University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown is to develop the ability of our students to understand economic concepts, and in public policy. The central goals of an education in economics are to acquire: -- an understanding of how

carbide,8 to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of hydrocarbon precursors on transition metals,9-13 economic up to wafer scale,14,15 nickel and copper are the two most commonly used metal substrates. DueC) restricts the growth of graphene to the metal surface.12,17 The uniformity and high quality of the resultant

Master in Advanced Economics, curriculum Economic analysis Master in Advanced Economics, curriculum Economic analysis aims to provide a broad education in the fields of methods, techniques and professional that work into European and International areas. Economic analysis curriculum especially focuses

In-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction was performed during the growth of BaTiO{sub 3} thin films on SrTiO{sub 3} substrates using both off-axis RF magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition techniques. It was found that the films were ferroelectric during the growth process, and the presence or absence of a bottom SrRuO{sub 3} electrode played an important role in the growth of the films. Pulsed laser deposited films on SrRuO{sub 3} displayed an anomalously high tetragonality and unit volume, which may be connected to the previously predicted negative pressure phase of BaTiO{sub 3}.

Low Carbon Economic Strategy for Scotland Low Carbon Economic Strategy for Scotland Jump to: navigation, search Name A Low Carbon Economic Strategy for Scotland Agency/Company /Organization Government of Scotland Sector Energy, Land Topics Market analysis, Background analysis Website http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Res Country United Kingdom UN Region Western Europe References A Low Carbon Economic Strategy for Scotland[1] Abstract The Low Carbon Economic Strategy is an integral part of the Government's Economic Strategy (GES) to secure sustainable economicgrowth, and is a key component of our broader approach to meeting Scotland's climate change targets and securing the transition to a low carbon economy in Scotland "The Low Carbon Economic Strategy is an integral part of the Government's

York State. In that time, Cornell has weathered a series of economic depressions and recessions, two-quality education, finan- cial assistance for students in need, and policies and benefits that make growth, through research that leads to new technologies and new businesses, and programs to help

Web History and Economics Andrew Odlyzko School of Mathematics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Abstract. In retrospect, the Web appears a very natural development, a byprod- uct of the growth of the information and communication technologies (ICT) sector. Still, the success of the Web was actually attained

Policies under consideration within the Climate Convention would impose CO? controls on only a subset of nations. A model of economicgrowth and emissions, coupled to an analysis of the climate system, is used to explore ...

IRS Announces New Tribal Economic Development Bond Allocation IRS Announces New Tribal Economic Development Bond Allocation Guidance IRS Announces New Tribal Economic Development Bond Allocation Guidance July 18, 2012 - 3:46pm Addthis To promote economicgrowth in tribal communities, Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) published new guidance on July 18, 2012, allocating Tribal Economic Development Bonds (TEDBs). The TEDB program was established under the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act, and provides Tribes with the authority to issue tax-exempt debt for a wider range of activities to spur job creation and promote economicgrowth in Indian country. Providing Tribes with the ability to issue tax-exempt debt for a broader scope of activities similar to that available to states and local governments lowers

The Economic Case for Bulk Energy Storage in Transmission Systems with High Percentages to Engineer the Future Electric Energy System #12;#12;The Economic Case for Bulk Energy Storage Economic Case for Bulk Energy Storage in Transmission Sys- tems with High Percentages of Renewable

Sample records for growth high economic from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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CHARTING BC'S ECONOMIC FUTURE discussionguide 100communityconversations #12;1 Thank you for agreeing to participate in this Community Conversation about BC's economic future. Each year Simon Fraser is "Charting BC's Economic Future". Faced with an increasingly competitive global economy, it is more important

97-2 Planning Report Economic Evaluation of Radiopharmaceutical Research at NIST U.S Department Radiation Division Physics Laboratory National Institute of Standards and Technology #12;Economic Evaluation of Standards and Technology by Albert N. Link Professor of Economics University of North Carolina at Greensboro

Economic Value of Agricultural Research Public Investment in Texas Agricultural Research Yields Significant Economic Returns #12;Texas agricultural producers and especially consumers benefit directly from in the Department of Agricultural Economics at Texas A&M University conducted analyses using an agriculture

the secondary market transactions. In addition, from a macroeconomics perspectivea transaction on a stockEquity markets and economic development: Does the primary market matter? Andriansyaha,b,*and George and secondary equity markets in economicgrowth. In contrast to standard literature consideringsecondary market

" content of current evolution as it is reflected by economic indicators (the second pillar, to speak was one of the mildest of US economic history: three quarters of negative growth in 2001 followed dollars). All that served to sustain interest sensitive consumption, and especially purchase of motor

Southern California and US Leading Indicators U.S. economic activity, often measured by real GDP growth (Figure 2). Figure 2 Leading Indicators and Real GDP 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 91.3 92.3 93.3 94.3 95.3 96 currently projects an increase in Southern California economic activity in the next three to six months

...50 pA). A contamination coating around a denser Fig. 4...deposit with the contamination coating is thus stable against oxidation...of nanoscale filaments and thin film nucleation and growth theory...Instruments-ARIS 5100 UHV-STM. 13. An optical microscope provides a view...

InGaAsN alloys are a promising material for increasing the efficiency of multi-junction solar cells now used for satellite power systems. However, the growth of these dilute N containing alloys has been challenging with further improvements in material quality needed before the solar cell higher efficiencies are realized. Nitrogen/V ratios exceeding 0.981 resulted in lower N incorporation and poor surface morphologies. The growth rate was found to depend on not only the total group III transport for a fixed N/V ratio but also on the N/V ratio. Carbon tetrachloride and dimethylzinc were effective for p-type doping. Disilane was not an effective n-type dopant while SiCl4 did result in n-type material but only a narrow range of electron concentrations (2-5e17cm{sup -3}) were achieved.

The municipal water and wastewater sector is considered to be the most capital intensive industrial sector. Naturally, any methodology that has the potential to improve capital allocation decision making, has the potential to make a positive financial contribution to this sector. Most managers are aware of the power of calculating the Net Present Value (NPV) of an investment decision using Discounted Cash Flows (DCF). The problem with DCF based NPV analysis is that the inherent value of future project options is not modeled. In this study, we consider a small resort-based municipality faced the question of how big to make their new wastewater treatment facility to meet the expanding demand of 10 % growth in the number of new residential connections to the wastewater treatment infrastructure. Since a significant number of new dwellings are second “weekend ” homes, the planners felt strongly that growth rates were tied to the strength of the market index. Here we set the model framework for considering optimal plant size based on correlation assumptions of municipal growth to the market index. The model takes on the form of an Asian option. The results show that the greater the (assumed) correlation, the smaller the required plant size. Penalty costs associated with not building a large enough plant are hedged in the market. This paper sets that basis for future analysis of staged plant expansion analysis.

Economics (College of Arts and Sciences) The economics major focuses on economics as a social in the world? What types of political regimes best promote economic development? Are resource-rich developing countries cursed? Are drug cartels economically sound? Can humans work towards a better economic basis

The Economic Burden of Malaria John Luke Gallup and Jeffrey D. Sachs CID Working Paper No. 52 July College at Harvard University Center for International Development Working Papers #12;THE ECONOMIC BURDEN been either subtropical or islands. These countries' economicgrowth in the five years after

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The phrase “Green Economy” was first mentioned in ‘Green Economy Blue Book’...by the British economist Pierre published in 1989. Green Economy promotes economicgrowth, instead of blocking ... at harmonious devel...

In this paper, we examine the macroeconomic impact of the high oil price era between 2003 and mid-2008 on the Swiss economy. Using a medium-scale disequilibrium macroeconometric model, we focus not only on the effects of oil prices on the real GDP growth but also on their effects on demand-side components, prices, labour market and capacity output. Our simulation results indicate that high oil prices still had a non-negligible negative impact on economic performance despite the observed above average real economicgrowth rates. We have also found that an accommodative monetary policy might help in smoothing the negative effects of oil price shocks.

... is consulting editor. One of the latest is a volume dealing with the economics of private forestry by Dr. Ralph W. Marquis, assistant professor of economics, University of Rochester ... elsewhere in the world with the exception of Canada. In Britain when we talk about private forestry we allude chiefly to the ...

INNOVATIONSIN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT The Evolving Direction of Economic Development in the New REPORT PUBLISHED NOVEMBER, 1998 INNOVATIONSIN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SUMMIT II: A SEQUEL TO THE 1992 STATE AND LOCAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY SUMMIT The Evolving Direction of Economic Development in the New

measured by real GDP growth, is expected to increase in the next three to six months, given the increase activity in Southern California (Figure 2). Figure 2 Leading Indicators and Real GDP 60 70 80 90 100 110 currently projects an increase in Southern California economic activity in the next three to six months

by real GDP growth, is expected to increase in the next three to six months, given the increase in the U in Southern California (Figure 2). Figure 2 Leading Indicators and Real GDP 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 91.3 92 (Figure 4). The SC indicator currently projects an increase in Southern California economic activity

by real GDP growth, is expected to increase in the next three to six months, given the increase in the U in Southern California (Figure 2). Figure 2 Leading Indicators and Real GDP 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 91.3 92 (Figure 4). The SC indicator currently projects an increase in Southern California economic activity

In recent years, the application of a centralized air-conditioning system (CACS) with cold storage refrigeration in high-rise residential buildings has gradually increased. Due to the large difference between civil residential buildings...

Simple numerical estimates are developed in order to quantify a variety of energy economics issues. The Verhulst equation which considers the effect of finite resources on petroleum production is modified to take into account supply and demand economics. Numerical and analytical solutions to these differential equations are presented in terms of supply and demand elasticity functions various finite resources and the rate of increase in fuel costs. The indirect cost per barrel of imported oil from OPEC is shown to be about the same as the direct cost. These effects as well as those of discounted benefits and deregulation are used in a calculation of payback periods for various energy conserving devices. A phenomenological model for market penetration is developed along with the factors for future energy growth rates. A brief analysis of the economic returns of the ’’house doctor’’ program to reprofit houses for energy conservation is presented.

Policies for reducing NOx emissions have led power plants to restrict O{sub 2}, resulting in high-carbon fly ash production. Therefore, some potentially useful fly ash, such as the economizer fly ash, is discarded without a thorough knowledge of its composition. In order to characterize this type of fly ash, samples were collected from the economizer Portuguese power plant burning two low-sulfur bituminous coals. Characterization was also performed on economizer fly ash subsamples after wet sieving, density and magnetic separation. Analysis included atomic absorption spectroscopy, loss-on-ignition, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, optical microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy.

an engineer decide when to conduct an in depth study of the economics either in the company or outside utilizing professional engineers who are experts in this type of project. Condensing steam turbines may not be economical when the fuel is purchased...Economical Condensing Turbines? by J.E.Dean, P.E. Steam turbines have long been used at utilities and in industry to generate power. There are three basic types of steam turbines: condensing, letdown 1 and extraction/condensing. ? Letdown...

Project objective: To conduct an economic impact study for EGS and to develop a Geothermal Economics Calculator (GEC) tool to quantify (in economic terms) the potential job, energy and environmental impacts associated with electric power production from geothermal resources.

The Economic Impact of Binghamton University, FY2010 (July 1, 2009-June 30, 2010) Office .......................................................................................................... 2 ECONOMIC OUTPUT and Tioga counties and the overall impact of New York State in terms of economic output, jobs, and human

The Economic Impact of Binghamton University, FY2011 (July 1, 2010-June 30, 2011) Office....................................................................................................................2 ECONOMIC OUTPUT and Tioga counties) and the New York State economy in terms of economic output, jobs, and human capital

These four essays concern the theory of games and its application to economic theory. The first two, closely linked, chapters are an investigation into the foundational question of the sensitivity of the predictions of ...

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I addressed three questions in Labor Economics, using experimental and quasi-experimental variation to determine causality. In the first chapter, I ask whether playing longer in the NFL increases mortality in retirement. ...

The economic development of the process of desalination depends upon its ability to produce water that is competitive on a cost basis with water from conventional sources. Energy costs can be minimized by combining the water plants with power plants ...

This dissertation is a collection of three independent papers in empirical development economics. The first chapter studies the effect of a family planning program in Bangladesh, which successfully reduced fertility, on ...

GGGI-Ethiopia-Green Growth Strategy Support GGGI-Ethiopia-Green Growth Strategy Support Jump to: navigation, search Name GGGI-Ethiopia-Green Growth Strategy Support Agency/Company /Organization Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI) Partner Ethiopian Development Research Institute (EDRI) Sector Energy Focus Area Economic Development Resource Type Publications Website http://www.gggi.org/ Program Start 2010 Program End 2012 Country Ethiopia UN Region Eastern Africa References Global Green Growth Institute[1] Abstract In 2010, GGGI carried out a first phase baseline analysis of Ethiopia's green growth opportunities, focusing on three key sectors: agriculture, forestry, and power. The objective of this phase1project was to identify, prioritize and evaluate the opportunities for green growth in Ethiopia in the context of its very ambitious Economic Transformation Plan (ETP) and economicgrowth targets which state the objective of transforming Ethiopia in a mid-income country by 2025.

Economic Opportunity Zone Program (KEOZ) (Kentucky) Economic Opportunity Zone Program (KEOZ) (Kentucky) Kentucky Economic Opportunity Zone Program (KEOZ) (Kentucky) < Back Eligibility Commercial Savings Category Alternative Fuel Vehicles Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Buying & Making Electricity Water Home Weatherization Solar Wind Program Info State Kentucky Program Type Corporate Tax Incentive Provider Kentucky Cabinet for Economic Development Department of Financial Incentives The Kentucky Economic Opportunity Zone Program (KEOZ) focuses on the development of areas with high unemployment and poverty levels. The program provides an income tax credit of up to 100% of the Kentucky income tax liability on income generated by or arising out of the project. The approved company may require each qualified statewide employee, as

A higher penetration of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) for household lighting can reduce growth in peak electricity demand, reduce sales of subsidized electricity, and lessen environmental impacts. This paper describes an economic analysis of a project designed to promote high penetration rates of CFLs in two cities in Mexico. Our analysis indicates that the project will bring substantial net economic benefits to Mexico, the utility, and the average customer. In the absence of any subsidy to CFLs, most customers will see a payback period longer than two years. By sharing some of the anticipated net benefit, CFE, the utility company, can reduce the payback period to a maximum of two years for all customers. CFE's role is thus crucial to the successful implementation of the project. Expanding the Ilumex project to a Mexico-wide program would make a significant contribution towards meeting the planned addition of generation capacity by the year 2000.

BA in ECONOMICS (736020) MAP Sheet Department of Economics For students entering the degree program from approved list from approved list Econ 110* from approved list personal choice The Economics: complete the following with a grade of C- or better: Econ 110* Economics Principles and Problems Econ 378

ELECTRICITY CASE: ECONOMIC COST ESTIMATION FACTORS FOR ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF TERRORIST ATTACKS Zimmerman, R. CREATE REPORT Under FEMA Grant EMW-2004-GR-0112 May 31, 2005 Center for Risk and Economic #12;2 Abstract The major economic effects of electric power outages are usually associated with three

BS in ECONOMICS (736021) MAP Sheet Department of Economics For students entering the degree program approved list from approved list Econ 110* from approved list personal choice The Economics Department the following with a grade of C- or better: Econ 110* Economics Principles and Problems Econ 378 Statistics

BA in ECONOMICS (736020) MAP Sheet Department of Economics For students entering the degree program The Economics Department requires a minimum of 21 hours in the major to be taken in residency at BYU courses: complete the following with a grade of C- or better: Econ 110* Economics Principles and Problems

BS in ECONOMICS (736021) MAP Sheet Department of Economics For students entering the degree program The Economics Department requires a minimum of 21 hours in the major to be taken in residency at BYU courses: complete the following with a grade of C- or better: Econ 110* Economics Principles and Problems

Indicators of economic risk for emissions-intensive investments are presented and used to illustrate shutdown risks for coal-fired power plants compared with emerging utility-scale photovoltaics plants. ... Historically, during the last century the global economy has grown at an average of 3.2% y?1 and emissions of GHGs have increased sublinearly with economicgrowth, due to improvements in resource productivity. ...

Over the twelve years of this grant from the U.S. Department of Energy, DE-FG05-85ER45208, the over-reaching aims of this work have been to explore and to attempt to understand the fundamental physics and chemistry of surfaces and interfaces. The instrument we have employed m in this work is high-resolution helium atom scattering (HAS) which we have become even more convinced is an exceptionally powerful and useful tool for surface science. One can follow the evolution of the development and progress of the experiments that we have carried out by the evolution of the proposal titles for each of the four three-year periods. At first, m in 1985-1988, the main objective of this grant was to construct the HAS instrument so that we could begin work on the surface vibrational dynamics of crystalline materials; the title was {open_quotes}Helium Atom-Surface Scattering Apparatus for Studies of Crystalline Surface Dynamics{close_quotes}. Then, as we became more interested m in the growth of films and interfaces the title m in 1988-1991 became {open_quotes}Helium Atom Surface Spectroscopy: Surface Lattice Dynamics of Insulators, Metal and Metal Overlayers{close_quotes}. In 1991-1994, we headed even more m in this direction, and also recognized that we should focus more on insulator materials as very few techniques other than helium atom scattering could be applied to insulators without causing surface damage. Thus, the proposal title became {open_quotes}Helium Atom-Surface Scattering: Surface Dynamics of Insulators, Overlayers and Crystal Growth{close_quotes}. M in the final period of this grant the title ended up {open_quotes}Investigations of the Dynamics and Growth of Insulator Films by High Resolution Helium Atom Scattering{close_quotes} m in 1994-1997. The list of accomplishments briefly discussed in this report are: tests of the shell model; multiphoton scattering; physisorbed monolayer films; other surface phase transitions; and surface magnetic effects.

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and degree production with government and industry regional workforce needs, with a focus on high-demand STEM, Massachusetts, Missouri, New York, Ohio, Texas, and Wisconsin focus on their region's unique workforce gaps. The BHEF STEM Higher Education and Workforce Projects are locally-developed in response to each region

6 6 Notes: Following relatively small increases of 1.3 million barrels per day in 1999 and 0.9 million barrels per day in 2000, EIA is estimating world demand may grow by 1.6 million barrels per day in 2001. Of this increase, about 3/5 comes from non-OECD countries, while U.S. oil demand growth represents more than half of the growth projected in OECD countries. Demand in Asia grew steadily during most of the 1990s, with 1991-1997 average growth per year at just above 0.8 million barrels per day. However, in 1998, demand dropped by 0.3 million barrels per day as a result of the Asian economic crisis that year. Since 1998, annual growth in oil demand has rebounded, but has not yet reached the average growth seen during 1991-1997. In the Former Soviet Union, oil demand plummeted during most of the

economic obstacles and has yet to be replicated in other provinces (Gao and Li, As a coal-economicgrowth, its transition from an industrial to a consumer- based economy, and the electricity sector’s strong reliance on coal.

Abstract ‘Peak oil’ refers to the future decline in world production of crude oil and the accompanying potentially calamitous effects. The peak oil literature typically rejects economic analysis. This article argues that economic analysis is indeed appropriate for analyzing oil scarcity because standard economic models can replicate the observed peaks in oil production. Moreover, the emphasis on peak oil is misplaced as peaking is not a good indicator of scarcity, peak oil techniques are overly simplistic, the catastrophes predicted by the peak oil literature are unlikely, and the literature does not contribute to correcting identified market failures. Efficiency of oil markets could be improved by instead focusing on remedying market failures such as excessive private discount rates, environmental externalities, market power, insufficient innovation incentives, incomplete futures markets, and insecure property rights.

This is a progress report on the first phase of a project to measure the economic impacts of a rapidly changing U.S. target base. The purpose of the first phase is to designate and test the macroeconomic impact analysis model. Criteria were established for a decision-support model. Additional criteria were defined for an interactive macroeconomic impact analysis model. After a review of several models, the Economic Impact Forecast System model of the U.S. Army Construction Research Laboratory was selected as the appropriate input-output tool that can address local and regional economic analysis. The model was applied to five test cases to demonstrate its utility and define possible revisions to meet project criteria. A plan for EIFS access was defined at three levels. Objectives and tasks for scenario refinement are proposed.

CRSP Management Center CRSP Management Center Western Area Power Administration January 2011 Power Economic Analysis of Operational Restrictions at Glen Canyon Dam In February, 1997, the operating criteria for Glen Canyon Dam were changed. Operation was restricted to a Modified Low Fluctuating Flow as described in the Operation of Glen Canyon Dam, Colorado River Storage Project, Arizona, Final Environmental Impact Statement, March, 1995. These restrictions reduced the operating flexibility of the hydroelectric power plant and therefore the economic value of the electricity it produced. The Environmental Impact Statement provided impact information to support the Record of Decision governing dam operations. The impact

, the Conference Board provides short term (quarterly and annual) forecasts for real GDP, real consumer spending include (among others): GDP and real GDP, price indices for GDP and consumer spending, unemployment are projections of economic activity including GDP growth. These reports can be found on-line at: http

Data centers require continuous air conditioning to address high internal heat loads (heat release from equipment) and maintain indoor temperatures within recommended operating levels for computers. Air economizer cycles, which bring in large amounts of outside air to cool internal loads when weather conditions are favorable, could save cooling energy. There is reluctance from many data center owners to use this common cooling technique, however, due to fear of introducing pollutants and potential loss of humidity control. Concerns about equipment failure from airborne pollutants lead to specifying as little outside air as permissible for human occupants. To investigate contamination levels, particle monitoring was conducted at 8 data centers in Northern California. Particle counters were placed at 3 to 4 different locations within and outside of each data center evaluated in this study. Humidity was also monitored at many of the sites to determine how economizers affect humidity control. Results from this study indicate that economizers do increase the outdoor concentration in data centers, but this concentration, when averaged annually, is still below current particle concentration limits. Study results are summarized below: (1) The average particle concentrations measured at each location, both outside and at the servers, are shown in Table 1. Measurements show low particle concentrations at all data centers without economizers, regardless of outdoor particle concentrations. Particle concentrations were typically an order of magnitude below both outside particle concentrations and recently published ASHRAE standards. (2) Economizer use caused sharp increases in particle concentrations when the economizer vents were open. The particle concentration in the data centers, however, quickly dropped back to pre-economizer levels when the vents closed. Since economizers only allow outside air part of the time, the annual average concentrations still met the ASHRAE standards. However, concentration were still above the levels measured in data centers that do not use economizers (3) Current filtration in data centers is minimal (ASHRAE 40%) since most air is typically recycled. When using economizers, modest improvements in filtration (ASHRAE 85%) can reduce particle concentrations to nearly match the level found in data centers that do not use economizers. The extra cost associated with improve filters was not determined in this study. (4) Humidity was consistent and within the ASHRAE recommended levels for all data centers without economizers. Results show that, while slightly less steady, humidity in data centers with economizers can also be controlled within the ASHRAE recommended levels. However, this control of humidity reduces energy savings by limiting the hours the economizer vents are open. (5) The potential energy savings from economizer use has been measured in one data center. When economizers were active, mechanical cooling power dropped by approximately 30%. Annual savings at this center is estimated within the range of 60-80 MWh/year, representing approximately a 5% savings off the mechanical energy load of the data center. Incoming temperatures and humidity at this data center were conservative relative to the ASHRAE acceptable temperature and humidity ranges. Greater savings may be available if higher temperature humidity levels in the data center area were permitted. The average particle concentrations measured at each of the eight data center locations are shown in Table 1. The data centers ranged in size from approximately 5,000 ft{sup 2} to 20,000 ft{sup 2}. The indoor concentrations and humidity in Table 1 represents measurements taken at the server rack. Temperature measurements at the server rack consistently fell between 65-70 F. The Findings section contains a discussion of the individual findings from each center. Data centers currently operate under very low contamination levels. Economizers can be expected to increase the particle concentration in data centers, but the increase appears to still be

Interactions Between the Fish and Wildlife Program andand Wildlife Program and the Sixth Power Plan (Phase 1)the Sixth and the Fish and Wildlife ProgramProgram #12;Northwest Power and Conservation Council IEAB Independent Economic integration of wind and solar generationImpacts from integration of wind and solar generation Impacts from

Assuming that global oil production peaked, this paper uses scenario analysis to show the economic effects of a possible supply shortage and corresponding rise in oil prices in the next decade on different sectors in Germany and other major economies such as the US, Japan, China, the OPEC or Russia. Due to the price-inelasticity of oil demand the supply shortage leads to a sharp increase in oil prices in the second scenario, with high effects on GDP comparable to the magnitude of the global financial crises in 2008/09. Oil exporting countries benefit from high oil prices, whereas oil importing countries are negatively affected. Generally, the effects in the third scenario are significantly smaller than in the second, showing that energy efficiency measures and the switch to renewable energy sources decreases the countries' dependence on oil imports and hence reduces their vulnerability to oil price shocks on the world market.

and potential loss of humidity control. Concerns about equipment failure from airborne pollutants lead 42 #12;Executive Summary Data centers require continuous air conditioning to address high internal levels for computers. Air economizer cycles, which bring in large amounts of outside air to cool internal

This time last year China's paramount leader, Deng Xiaoping, launched the country on another bout of fast-paced economicgrowth and restructuring. After three years of riding out political and economic clampdown, foreign chemical companies were jerked awake by major changes in China's chemical industry. As the state becomes less involved with managing the economy, unleashing 12% gross national product growth, closer involvement with domestic factories has become attractive and essential. MCI officials say government funds will now be channeled toward clearing energy and transport bottlenecks, and chemical enterprises will be given more chance to turn a profit. They will be allowed to issue shares, seek foreign investment partners themselves, and bypass trading companies like China National Import-Export Corp. (Sinochem), the former state monopoly. Foreign analysts question whether China's finances and oil resources can support expansion. Even if they can, Cai estimates that ethylene imports will remain around the present level of 1 million tons. To further guarantee chemical supplies, China has invested in urea and polypropylene plants in the US and polystyrene plant in Hong Kong.

ECONOMIC IMPACT AND DIVERSITY ECONOMIC IMPACT AND DIVERSITY FOURTH QUARTER STATUS (As of August 10, 2006) Executive Summary: ED is responsible for managing the department's on-going small business programs, Affirmative Action programs, Employee Concerns program, EEO programs, and the Department's Minority Education program. ED serves as the support office for department-wide efforts to broaden and/or diversify the Department's base as it relates to employment, contracting and financial assistance awards. Where we are today: ED finalized the reorganization/restructuring process which reduced the offices within ED from five to three. Along with this process, ED moved the Employee Concerns and Special Emphasis activities and personnel to the Office of Civil Rights and Diversity

and Brent oil price) to show that this modelling well identifies both mean reverting and volatility regimes times series data as business cycle, economicgrowth or unemployment is not new. In his seminal paper [7 to reproduce the different phase of the business cycles and captures the cyclical behavior of the U.S. GDP

Sample records for growth high economic from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Despite the recent global economic downturn, longer term growth is anticipated for aviation with an increasing environmental impact, specifically in the areas of noise, air quality, and climate change. To ensure sustainable ...

In the long term, serious economic and ecological problems may arise if the required scale and rate of growth of power production is to be ensured while retaining the principle of dispersed location of ever large...

World Energy and Economic Outlook World Energy and Economic Outlook International Energy Outlook 2004 World Energy and Economic Outlook The IEO2004 projections indicate continued growth in world energy use, including large increases for the developing economies of Asia. Energy resources are thought to be adequate to support the growth expected through 2025. Figure 12. World Primary Energy Consumption, 1970-2025. Need help, call the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800 Figure Data Figure 13. World Energy Consumption by Region, 1970-2025. Need help, call the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800. Figure Data Figure 14. World Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 1970-2025. Need help, call the National Energy Information Center at 202-586-8800. Figure Data

Philosophy & Economics "Made in Germany" The Bachelor and Master Programmes at a Glance 2011 #12 course of studies in philosophy and economics. The aim is to provide a rigorous training for understanding complex social, economic, and political decision-making. Â· The philosophy curriculum is focused

When Does `` Economic Man'' Dominate Social Behavior? Colin F. Camerer1 * and Ernst Fehr2,3 The canonical model in economics considers people to be rational and self-regarding. However, much evidence challenges this view, raising the question of when `` Economic Man'' dominates the outcome of social

The Economic State of Milwaukee's Inner City: 2006 A report prepared by The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development May 2006 #12;About this Report This report was produced at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development (UWMCED), a unit of the College of Letters and Science

In Case of ASEAN 5 Countries Hazman Samsudin 1,2* 1 PhD in Economics student at Faculty of Business along with the role of institutional quality in ASEAN-5 countries namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. In recent years ASEAN-5 have been subjected to rapid economicgrowth

Economic Benefits of President Bush's Economic Benefits of President Bush's Energy Initiatives in Kansas City Secretary Bodman Highlights Economic Benefits of President Bush's Energy Initiatives in Kansas City March 10, 2006 - 11:46am Addthis KANSAS CITY, MO - Department of Energy (DOE) Secretary Samuel W. Bodman today highlighted America's robust economy and the role the energy sector plays to ensure its continued growth, while speaking to the Greater Kansas City Chamber of Commerce. During his remarks, Secretary Bodman discussed the American Competitiveness and Advanced Energy Initiatives, announced by President Bush in the State of the Union address. These initiatives promote America's continued economic vitality through the development and use of alternative energy sources and aim to provide our next generation of

National Needs, Creating Opportunities for Growth National Needs, Creating Opportunities for Growth Brookhaven National Laboratory Economic Impact Report This report was prepared by Appleseed, a New York City-based economic development consulting firm that works with government, corporations, and nonprofit institutions to promote economicgrowth and opportunity. 80 Broad Street 13th Floor New York, NY 10004 www.appleseedinc.com Fiscal Year 2009 Highlights By the numbers... State & Local Impacts National Influence Global Reach $704 Million in economic output generated by Brookhaven Lab and its visitors $573 Million in total funding 5,400 jobs created throughout New York State 3,000 employees, 98% living on Long Island 12% growth in employment from 2006 to 2009 $74.7 Million invested in new facilities and renovations

The relatively new concept of "green growth" can be fruitfully connected to concepts and theories in neoclassical economics including market externalities, Ricardian and Hotelling rents, and policies that would correct ...

Financial Engineering Proposal Department of Agricultural Economics and Economics and Department engineering is a multidisciplinary field that emphasizes the engineering of new financial economic instruments the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and the Department of Agricultural Economics

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ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE APPALACHIAN GATEWAY PROJECT By Randall A. Childs Bureau of Business and Economic Research College of Business and Economics West Virginia University United States where demand is strong. This report documents the economic impact of the Appalachian

The primary objective of this study is to measure the response of Iraqi development to the influx of oil-export revenues. The study employs several econometric techniques using data from 1960 to 1980. From 1960 to 1980, Iraq achieved remarkable economicgrowth, a high rate of investment and employment, more equitable income distribution, a favorable balance of trade, and a stabilized economy. The 1972 government takeover of oil industries and the oil price boom of 1973 brought even more unprecedented growth and prosperity to the nation. Despite this remarkable performance however, the economic structure of Iraq remains dominated by the oil-export sector. In other words, Iraq's ability to reduce its dependence on oil revenues has been constructed because home sectors were not yet developed sufficiently to provide outputs and revenues needed by the country. Recommendations include development of policies designed to link the oil export sector with the rest of the economy, to encourage more investment by the private sector, to expand and improve the productivity of the agricultural and industrial sectors, and to develop inter-nation regional cooperatives capable of expanding the market for locally produced goods.

Abstract The progressive reduction of high-quality-easy-to-extract energy is a widely recognized and already ongoing process. Although depletion studies for individual fuels are relatively abundant, few of them offer a global perspective of all energy sources and their potential future developments, and even fewer include the demand of the socio-economic system. This paper presents an Economy-Energy-Environment model based on System Dynamics which integrates all those aspects: the physical restrictions (with peak estimations for oil, gas, coal and uranium), the techno-sustainable potential of renewable energy estimated by a novel top-down methodology, the socio-economic energy demands, the development of alternative technologies and the net CO2 emissions. We confront our model with the basic assumptions of previous Global Environmental Assessment (GEA) studies. The results show that demand-driven evolution, as performed in the past, might be unfeasible: strong energy-supply scarcity is found in the next two decades, especially in the transportation sector before 2020. Electricity generation is unable to fulfill its demand in 2025–2040, and a large expansion of electric renewable energies move us close to their limits. In order to find achievable scenarios, we are obliged to set hypotheses which are hardly used in GEA scenarios, such as zero or negative economicgrowth.

There are several different types of single to three phase converters for induction motors available today. However, many of the presently available phase converters suffer from disadvantages such as high cost or low performance. An economical...

... recently examined here. This deposit was one of several typical deposits from the fireside of economizers and boiler tubes of certain high-pressure boiler plants which were examined in 1942 and ... by the Central Electricity Board.

for plugging in hydrological, ecological, and socio-economic process models, "agents" who can make parcelProject Overview This project is evaluating how climate change, population growth, and economic? Model the Willamette water system. The project will develop or adapt hydrologic, socio-economic

Different classes of phenomenological universalities of environment dependent growths have been proposed. The logistic as well as environment dependent West-type allometry based biological growth can be explained in this proposed framework of phenomenological description. It is shown that logistic and environment dependent West-type growths are phenomenologically identical in nature. However there is a difference between them in terms of coefficients involved in the phenomenological descriptions. It is also established that environment independent and enviornment dependent biological growth processes lead to the same West-type biological growth equation. Involuted Gompertz function, used to describe biological growth processes undergoing atrophy or a demographic and economic system undergoing involution or regression, can be addressed in this proposed environment dependent description. In addition, some other phenomenological descriptions have been examined in this proposed framework and graphical representations of variation of different parameters involved in the description are executed.

MTBE Production MTBE Production Economics Tancred C. M. Lidderdale Contents 1. Summary 2. MTBE Production Costs 3. Relationship between price of MTBE and Reformulated Gasoline 4. Influence of Natural Gas Prices on the Gasoline Market 5. Regression Results 6. Data Sources 7. End Notes 1. Summary Last year the price of MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) increased dramatically on two occasions (Figure 1) (see Data Sources at end of article.): 1. Between April and June 2000, the price (U.S. Gulf Coast waterborne market) of MTBE rose from $1.00 per gallon to over $1.60 per gallon. This represented an increase in the price premium for MTBE over the wholesale price of conventional gasoline from its normal (1995 though 2000 average) $0.26 per gallon to $0.60 per gallon. The MTBE

This paper presents the incentives for cogeneration, describing pertinent legislation and qualification requirements for cogeneration benefits, and indicates the performance and economic characteristics of combined cycle cogeneration applications...

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of Economics College of Business and Economics University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch New is substitutable with both capital and labour. Coal is significantly substitutable with electricity and complementary with diesel while gasoline and electricity are substitutable with diesel. China's energy intensity

Zealand Electricity Market Lewis Evans and Graeme Guthrie WORKING PAPER No. 10/2011 Department of Economics and Finance College of Business and Economics University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 to the New Zealand Electricity Market Lewis Evans New Zealand Institute for the Study of Competition

From a sample of 72 galaxies with reliable supermassive black hole masses M {sub bh}, we derive the M {sub bh}-(host spheroid luminosity, L) relation for (1) the subsample of 24 core-Sersic galaxies with partially depleted cores, and (2) the remaining subsample of 48 Sersic galaxies. Using K{sub s} -band Two Micron All Sky Survey data, we find the near-linear relation M {sub bh}{proportional_to}L {sup 1.10{+-}0.20} {sub K{sub s}} for the core-Sersic spheroids thought to be built in additive dry merger events, while we find the relation M {sub bh}{proportional_to}L {sup 2.73{+-}0.55}{sub K{sub s}} for the Sersic spheroids built from gas-rich processes. After converting literature B-band disk galaxy magnitudes into inclination- and dust-corrected bulge magnitudes, via a useful new equation presented herein, we obtain a similar result. Unlike with the M {sub bh}-(velocity dispersion) diagram, which is also updated here using the same galaxy sample, it remains unknown whether barred and non-barred Sersic galaxies are offset from each other in the M {sub bh}-L diagram. While black hole feedback has typically been invoked to explain what was previously thought to be a nearly constant M {sub bh}/M {sub Spheroid} mass ratio of {approx}0.2%, we advocate that the near-linear M {sub bh}-L and M {sub bh}-M {sub Spheroid} relations observed at high masses may have instead arisen largely from the additive dry merging of galaxies. We argue that feedback results in a dramatically different scaling relation, such that black hole mass scales roughly quadratically with the spheroid mass in Sersic galaxies. We therefore introduce a revised cold-gas 'quasar' mode feeding equation for semi-analytical models to reflect what we dub the quadratic growth of black holes in Sersic galaxies built amidst gas-rich processes. Finally, we use our new Sersic M {sub bh}-L equations to predict the masses of candidate intermediate mass black holes in almost 50 low-luminosity spheroids containing active galactic nuclei, finding many masses between that of stellar mass black holes and supermassive black holes.

Initiated in 2008, the SEGIS initiative is a partnership involving the U.S. DOE, Sandia National Laboratories, private sector companies, electric utilities, and universities. Projects supported under the initiative have focused on the complete-system development of solar technologies, with the dual goal of expanding renewable PV applications and addressing new challenges of connecting large-scale solar installations in higher penetrations to the electric grid. Petra Solar, Inc., a New Jersey-based company, received SEGIS funds to develop solutions to two of these key challenges: integrating increasing quantities of solar resources into the grid without compromising (and likely improving) power quality and reliability, and moving the design from a concept of intelligent system controls to successful commercialization. The resulting state-of-the art technology now includes a distributed photovoltaic (PV) architecture comprising AC modules that not only feed directly into the electrical grid at distribution levels but are equipped with new functions that improve voltage stability and thus enhance overall grid stability. This integrated PV system technology, known as SunWave, has applications for 'Power on a Pole,' and comes with a suite of technical capabilities, including advanced inverter and system controls, micro-inverters (capable of operating at both the 120V and 240V levels), communication system, network management system, and semiconductor integration. Collectively, these components are poised to reduce total system cost, increase the system's overall value and help mitigate the challenges of solar intermittency. Designed to be strategically located near point of load, the new SunWave technology is suitable for integration directly into the electrical grid but is also suitable for emerging microgrid applications. SunWave was showcased as part of a SEGIS Demonstration Conference at Pepco Holdings, Inc., on September 29, 2011, and is presently undergoing further field testing as a prelude to improved and expanded commercialization.

Evidence is presented, through high-resolution electron microscopy images, for the open-end growth of carbon nanotubes. Terminations of incomplete layers of carbon, seen on the tube surfaces and cone tips, suggest that the extension and thickening of the tubes occur by the island growth of graphite basal planes on existing tube surfaces. The nucleation of positive (pentagons) and negative (heptagons) disclinations on open tube ends results in changes of growth directions, producing different morphologies. A novel structure that shows complete ‘‘turn around growth,’’ involving pentagon-heptagon pairs, of the tubular assemblies is presented.

In this note, we would like to find the laws of electrodynamics in simple economic systems. In this direction, we identify the chief economic variables and parameters, scalar and vector, which are amenable to be put directly into the crouch of the laws of electrodynamics, namely Maxwell's equations. Moreover, we obtain Phillp's curve, recession and Black-Scholes formula, as sample applications.

0 0 Summary Our short-term outlook for a wide array of energy prices has been adjusted upward as international and domestic energy supply conditions have tightened. We think that crude oil prices are as likely as not to end the year $2 to $3 per barrel higher than our previous projections. Thus, we think that the probability of West Texas Intermediate costing an average of $30 per barrel or more at midwinter is about 50 percent. On their current track, heating oil prices are likely to be about 30 percent above year-ago levels in the fourth quarter. Prices for Q1 2001 seem more likely now to match or exceed the high level seen in Q1 2000. Tight oil markets this year and an inherent propensity for high gas utilization in incremental power supply have resulted in rising North American natural gas

Condensing economizers increase the thermal efficiency of boilers by recovering sensible and latent heat from exhaust gas. These economizers are currently being used commercially for this purpose in a wide range of applications. Performance is dependent upon application-specific factors affecting the utility of recovered heat. With the addition of a condensing economizer boiler efficiency improvements up to 10% are possible. Condensing economizers can also capture flue gas particulates. In this work, the potential use of condensing economizers for both efficiency improvement and control of particulate emissions from small, coal water slurry-fired boilers was evaluated. Analysis was done to predict heat transfer and particulate capture by mechanisms including: inertial impaction, interception, diffusion, thermophoretic forces, and condensation growth. Shell-and-tube geometries were considered with flue gas on the outside of Teflon-covered tubes. Experimental studies were done with both air- and water-cooled economizers refit to a small boiler. Two experimental arrangements were used including oil-firing with injection of flyash upstream of the economizer and direct coal water slurry firing. Firing rates ranged from 27 to 82 kW (92,000 to 280,000 Btu/hr). Inertial impaction was found to be the most important particulate capture mechanism and removal efficiencies to 95% were achieved. With the addition of water sprays directly on the first row of tubes, removal efficiencies increased to 98%. Use of these sprays adversely affects heat recovery. Primary benefits of the sprays are seen to be the addition of small impaction sites and future design improvements are suggested in which such small impactors are permanently added to the highest velocity regions of the economizer. Predicted effects of these added impactors on particulate removal and pressure drop are presented.

During the past three years, working with more than 150 organizations representing public and private stakeholders, EPRI has developed the Electricity Technology Roadmap. The Roadmap identifies several major strategic challenges that must be successfully addressed to ensure a sustainable future in which electricity continues to play an important role in economicgrowth. Articulation of these anticipated trends and challenges requires a detailed understanding of the role and importance of reliable electricity in different sectors of the economy. This report is intended to contribute to that understanding by analyzing key aspects of trends in the economic value of electricity reliability in the U.S. economy. We first present a review of recent literature on electricity reliability costs. Next, we describe three distinct end-use approaches for tracking trends in reliability needs: (1) an analysis of the electricity-use requirements of office equipment in different commercial sectors; (2) an examination of the use of aggregate statistical indicators of industrial electricity use and economic activity to identify high reliability-requirement customer market segments; and (3) a case study of cleanrooms, which is a cross-cutting market segment known to have high reliability requirements. Finally, we present insurance industry perspectives on electricity reliability as an example of a financial tool for addressing customers' reliability needs.

ECONOMICS UPDATE Issue 1 Economics Update Autumn 2014 UNIVERSITY OF ABERDEEN ďż˝ DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS IN THIS ISSUE Welcome to the first Economics update! In this twice-yearly publication, we. In the Research Assessment Exercise results of 2008, 100% of Economics research, was judged to be of international

Molar Growth Molar Growth Name: Daniel Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: What animals have molars that grow continuously ? Replies: No mammals that I or my colleagues are aware of, only some few whose incisors grow continuously. J. Elliott Most vertebrates are "polyphyodonts" meaning that they replace teeth continuously through out their lives. All the teeth aren't replaced at once, but in waves so that the animals always have functional teeth around those that are lost. Most mammals are "diphyodonts", which means that they have only 2 sets of teeth: baby teeth and adult teeth. The teeth of herbivore mammals, those which eat grasses, seem to grow throughout their lives. But really, the teeth are very long and extend far down into the jaws. They gradually move up in the jaw toward the surface over time, with the area beneath them filling in with bone.

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Production and solution properties which may make scleroglucan polysaccharide economically advantageous for onsite production and use in tertiary oil recovery were investigated. Scleroglucan, which is similar in viscosity and shear thinning to xanthan, can be produced in a 3-day batch or 12 h continuous fermentation. Yield is nearly 50% based on input glucose. Gross biopolymer-biomass separation may be effected using microscreening, a low energy process, followed by polish filtration. Polymer flux may be improved by hydrolysis with an endolaminarinase from Rhizopus arrhizius QM 1032. Simple feedstock requirements and low growth pH, together with the difficulty of resuspending dried polymer, may encourage field biopolymer fermentation and use of purified culture broth.

Boehmite (AlOOH) nanoparticles have been synthesized in subcritical (300 bar, 350 C) and supercritical (300 bar, 400 C) water. The formation and growth of AlOOH nanoparticles were studied in situ by small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS) using 80 keV synchrotron radiation. The SAXS/WAXS data were measured simultaneously with a time resolution greater than 10 s and revealed the initial nucleation of amorphous particles takes place within 10 s with subsequent crystallization after 30 s. No diffraction signals were observed from Al(OH){sub 3} within the time resolution of the experiment, which shows that the dehydration step of the reaction is fast and the hydrolysis step rate-determining. The sizes of the crystalline particles were determined as a function of time. The overall size evolution patterns are similar in sub- and supercritical water, but the growth is faster and the final particle size larger under supercritical conditions. After approximately 5 min, the rate of particle growth decreases in both sub- and supercritical water. Heating of the boehmite nanoparticle suspension allowed an in situ X-ray investigation of the phase transformation of boehmite to aluminium oxide. Under the wet conditions used in this work, the transition starts at 530 C and gives a two-phase product of hydrated and non-hydrated aluminium oxide.

BA Economics and BA Financial Economics Â­ Assessment Plan Program Learning Objectives The program will prepare graduates: 1. Understand the "economic way model economic decisions. 3. The ability to analyze historical and current events

0 0 Highlights International Oil Markets Prices. We have raised our world oil price projection by about $2 per barrel for this month because of assumed greater compliance by OPEC to targeted cuts, especially for the second quarter of 2000 (Figure 1). The expected decline in world petroleum inventories continues (Figure 2), and, given the generally stiff resolve of OPEC members to maintain production cuts, any sign of a turnaround in stocks may be postponed until later this year than previously assumed (Q3 instead of Q2). Our current estimate for the average import cost this past January is now $25 per barrel, a nearly $15-per-barrel increase from January 1999. Crude oil prices are expected to remain at relatively high levels for the first half of 2000, but

;1 Introduction The role of education in the process of economic development has been analyzed exten- sively #12; PUBLIC EDUCATION, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY Klaus Prettner #12;Public education, technological change and economic prosperity Klaus Prettnera a) Harvard University

A survey of world economic history, designed to introduce economics graduate students to the subject matter and methodology of economic history. Topics chosen to show a wide variety of historical experience and illuminate ...

Enthalpy economizer can theoretically save more energy than temperature based economizer. However, the requirement of outdoor air humidity measurement in the traditional enthalpy economizer control made it impossible. A novel control sequence using...

The change to part-time farming is common throughout Japan owing to its economic transformation. Where this ... are a high proportion of full-time farm households; social, economic and environmental stability; an...

attitudes about energy conservation and planning come from using economic measures that do not accurately reflect the future earnings capabilities and cash flow generating characteristics of industrial firms. An action plan is presented for energy managers...

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Eyeball Growth Eyeball Growth Name: Jade Hawk Status: N/A Age: N/A Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Okay, I know I'm supposed to be able to answer questions here, but a friend who teaches grades 7 & 8 general science wants to know if the human eyeball is fully grown at birth. I checked my references, which are rather limited when it comes to human physiology, and found nothing. Can anyone help? Replies: The eye will still develop in size, pigmentation, and neurologically but I don't have the details here at hand. A kitten is born with eyes even more immature than human babies. Besides having sealed eyes that take about a week to open, they have retinas that a avascularized and need to undergo neovascularization to properly nourish and oxygenate the tissue. We have used the kitten to study retinopathy of prematurity, a condition caused in part by increased inspired oxygen. The kitten is also used in the study of diabetic retinopathy which a I think is the leading cause of blindness in the US. Look up publications by Dale Phelps, MD.

Although the United Nations called for a 'Global Green New Deal' and the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) includes green incentives, there is far from a consensus on whether the Green New Deal will be a key solution to the economic crisis. To inform the debate, we investigate the relationship between carbon consumption and three major problems facing the US economy â?? the financial crisis, rising energy prices, and climate change. Our analysis found that the wasteful consumption of finite fossil fuels and a lack of green competitiveness in the USA contribute to the unsustainable economicgrowth and the triple predicament of the existing carbon-based US economy. This study helps provide a framework for further analysis of more comprehensive green economic strategies that would allow real sustainable growth and provide viable solutions to both the climate crisis and the economic crisis.

The Process Evaluation Section at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) has a major program aimed at developing cost-effective technologies for salt cake recycling. This paper addresses the economic feasibility of technologies for the recovery of aluminum, salt, and residue-oxide fractions from salt cake. Four processes were assessed for salt recovery from salt cake: (1) base case: leaching in water at 25{degree}C, with evaporation to crystallize salts; (2) high-temperature case: leaching in water at 250{degree}C, with flash crystallization to precipitate salts; (3) solventlantisolvent case: leaching in water at 25{degree}C, concentrating by evaporation, and reacting with acetone to precipitate salts; and (4) electrodialysis: leaching in water at 25{degree}C, with concentration and recovery of salts by electrodialysis. All test cases for salt recovery had a negative present value, given current pricing structure and 20% return on investment. Although manufacturing costs (variable plus fixed) could reasonably be recovered in the sales price of the salt product, capital costs cannot. The economics for the recycling processes are improved, however, if the residueoxide can be sold instead of landfilled. For example, the base case process would be profitable at a wet oxide value of $220/metric ton. The economics of alternative scenarios were also considered, including aluminum recovery with landfilling of salts and oxides.

The United States (US) recorded in the period 1991–2000 a formidable growth rate of about 3% p.a. where a considerable impulse for high and sustained growth stems from high investment in information and commun...

the following abbreviations are used:* C25 diameter in inches of high pressure cylinder. c= diameter in inches of low pressure cylinder. P= boiler pressure. R}= ratio of mean effective pressure to boiler pressure in low pressure cylinder, taken from Pig. E.... But the only error of moment in such case will be in the es- timated saving in train mileage, for the same degree of efficiency or inefficiency is to be expected after the reduction of grade as before. As the estimated saving per train mile as given...

During the past decade, the U.S. has experienced a surplus gas supply. Future prospects are brightening because of increased estimates of the potential size of undiscovered gas reserves. At the same time, U.S. oil reserves and production have steadily declined, while oil imports have steadily increased. Reducing volume growth of crude oil imports was a key objective of the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Natural gas could be an important alternative energy source to liquid products derived from crude oil to help meet market demand. The purpose of this study was to (1) analyze three energy markets to determine whether greater use could be made of natural gas or its derivatives and (2) determine whether those products could be provided on an economically competitive basis. The following three markets were targeted for possible increases in gas use: transportation fuels, power generation, and chemical feedstock. Gas-derived products that could potentially compete in these three markets were identified, and the economics of the processes for producing those products were evaluated. The processes considered covered the range from commercial to those in early stages of process development. The analysis also evaluated the use of both high-quality natural gas and lower-quality gases containing CO{sub 2} and N{sub 2} levels above normal pipeline quality standards.

The Economic State of Milwaukee, 1990-2008 Prepared by: Center for Economic Development University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee December 2010 For further information contact: Joel Rast UWM Center for Economic of a two-year study by the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Center for Economic Development (CED

An Economic Profile of the Biosciences Industry in West Virginia1 February 2008 By Anthony C. Gregory & Tom S. Witt Bureau of Business and Economic Research College of Business and Economics West are the responsibility of the authors. Mr. Gregory is a graduate research assistant, Bureau of Business and Economic

Economics Major? Need Money for School? Then Apply for a: The Economics Department will award two scholarships, each in the amount of $750 this Spring 2014 to students majoring in Economics at San Francisco. First - a retired member of the Economics faculty. Both graduate and undergraduate students

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98-3 Planning Report Economic Assessment of the NIST Ceramic Phase Diagram Program Prepared by and Economic Analysis Group February 1998 U.S Department of Commerce Technology Administration #12;#12;ECONOMIC of Standards and Technology Program Office Strategic Planning and Economic Analysis Group Prepared under

Virginia Coalfield Economic Development Authority (Virginia) Virginia Coalfield Economic Development Authority (Virginia) Virginia Coalfield Economic Development Authority (Virginia) < Back Eligibility Commercial Construction Industrial Program Info Start Date 1990 State Virginia Program Type Industry Recruitment/Support Loan Program Public Benefits Fund Provider Virginia Coalfield Economic Development Authority The Virginia Coalfield Economic Development Authority (VACEDA) was created in 1988 to encourage economic development in the western section of the state. The Authority administers incentive and financing programs designed to encourage new job creation and economic diversification, specifically in the electronic information technology, energy, education, and emerging technology sectors. VCEDA provides financial support for fixed assets,

Long-term Environmental and Economic Long-term Environmental and Economic Impacts of Coal Liquefaction in China Background The growth of the economy and the accompanying increase in energy consumption in the People's Republic of China (China) are impacting the world's energy markets and global environment. That impact was seen in rising oil prices prior to the economic collapse of 2008. China plans to move ahead in the use of its coal resources as a source of transportation fuels. It is important that the U.S. have the best possible

New high-precision single grain U-Pb zircon geochronology and whole rock Nd isotopic data provide insight into the magmatic and tectonic development of the Samail ophiolite. The analyzed rocks can be broadly divided into ...

's largest industrial parks-- Edison, with Raritan Center and Heller Park, and the Turnpike Exit 8A submarket t is now time to assess New Jersey's economic performance in 2006. This will consist of two parts? By Sachiyo Asakawa and James Kerns, Sales AssociateÂ­Industrial Division This new global economy is a major

CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND Modeling the Effect of Oil Price on Global Fertilizer Prices Ping-Yu Chen, Chia;Modeling the Effect of Oil Price on Global Fertilizer Prices* Ping-Yu Chen Department of Applied Economics of this paper is to evaluate the effect of crude oil price on global fertilizer prices in both the mean

CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND Interdependence of International Tourism Demand and Volatility in Leading ASEAN in Leading ASEAN Destinations* Chia-Ling Chang Department of Applied Economics National Chung Hsing leading destinations in ASEAN, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Each of these countries

, NEW ZEALAND SOME NEW APPROACHES TO FORECASTING THE PRICE OF ELECTRICITY: A STUDY OF CALIFORNIAN MARKET of Business and Economics University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch New Zealand #12;WORKING PAPER No. 05/2008 SOME NEW APPROACHES TO FORECASTING THE PRICE OF ELECTRICITY: A STUDY OF CALIFORNIAN

CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND A Critique of Wolak's Evaluation of the NZ Electricity Market: Introduction and Finance College of Business and Economics University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800, Christchurch New Zealand #12;A Critique of Wolak's Evaluation of the NZ Electricity Market: Introduction and Overview Lewis

This paper presents a study of the economic performance of Fission/Fusion Hybrid devices. This work takes fusion breeder cost estimates and applies methodology and cost factors used in the fission reactor programs to compare fusion breeders with Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactors (LMFBR). The results of the analysis indicate that the Hybrid will be in the same competitive range as proposed LMFBRs and have the potential to provide economically competitive power in a future of rising uranium prices. The sensitivity of the results to variations in key parameters is included.

5/2013 ECONOMICSEconomics is a social science concerned with the economic behavior of consumers and producers as well as the operation and evaluation of economic systems. Economists study questions like why does the price of gasoline go up and down and what can we do to improve the economy. Studying economics

This review provides a common framework for researchers thinking about the next generation of micro-founded macro models of growth, inequality, and financial deepening, as well as direction for policy makers targeting ...

Economics is the study of choice and decision-making in the face of scarce resources, both or entire industries such as manufacturing. Economics graduates are in high demand by many different on the Economics Department web site under the alumni section. A national survey for the Class of 2012 shows

, (2) on-farm efficiency to reduce irrigation water use, (3) a new pump station on the Okanogan River of Instream Water Supply Components of the Salmon Creek Project Independent Economic Analysis Board Northwest district to continue water delivery to its users. The Proposed Project includes (1) improved water control

The Economics of Energy Efficiency Winter 2013 Why does Comcast give you set-top boxes that use the adoption of more energy- efficient technologies. This course will mostly not cover the "big picture landlord insulate the attic? What makes an investment in energy efficiency attractive? How does a company

AFRICA COLLEGE Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy Adapting to Climate Change 3 CLIMATE...Furthermore, there is strong scientific evidence that climate change will disrupt the global economy, environment and society a growing population in a changing climate is, therefore, a major global challenge. Changes in climate

to the southern and midwestern regions of the United States. However, the large run-up in oil prices is increasingEconomic History Revisited: New Uncertainties I n the last Sitar-Rutgers Regional Report, we are paying ever-increasing prices for fewer available sites. Warehouse sites in the southern portion

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...what he is saying is that the sci-entist who formulates laws of observed empirical phenomena is essentially an economist or economizer. Nonetheless, I must point out that these distinct roles are, almost by coin-cidence so to speak, closely related...

stable aggregate demand, but fiscal policy in the EU was constrained by the Stability and Growth Pact. As a result, economicgrowth in the EU tended to be modest, except for those countries like Germany that could successfully replace domestic demand... securitized assets to international investors made the US housing bubble a global problem and provided the transmission mechanism for the contagion to the rest of the world. The collapse of the subprime market spilled over into the real economy through...

Chapter 1 studies endogenous medium term cycles in a Schumpterian growth model. New firms are created by imitating existing firms and they drive the least productive firms out of business. In this manner, firm entry speeds ...

This research presents the case of growth in Buenos Aires since the late 1970s, when the decentralization of urban planning powers in the Province of Buenos Aires began, until 2001, when an economic crisis submerged -even ...

of Electric Vehicle Market Growth University UC Davis Principal Investigator---in electric vehicle (PEV) markets are facing and how they are likely to evolve--political, technological, economic, and societal--that drives the development, deployment and use

Since 1990 employment in the city of Lawrence, Kansas has grown by 34 percent, nearly three times as fast as the state as a whole. Such rapid growth both creates economic benefits for residents and increases the cost of ...

Economicgrowth will drive Africa’s demand for energy. However, despite the harmonization in GDP per capita and population, models foresee a broad range in baseline final energy and CO2 emissions (Fig. 1...), eve...

Energy and Economic Impacts From Recent Energy Conservation Standards Energy and Economic Impacts From Recent Energy Conservation Standards Speaker(s): Gregory Rosenquist Date: August 10, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Louis-Benoit Desroches In the last several years, there has been a significant growth in the activities of the Department of Energy's Appliance and Commercial Equipment Standards program. EETD's Energy Efficiency Standards group has been heavily involved in the analyses supporting recently published federal energy conservation standards, for a diverse set of appliances and commercial equipment. In this talk, I will review the EES group's efforts supporting these energy conservation standards. Collectively, they are estimated to save the nation between 14.15 to 15.17 quads (quadrillion Btu)

Increasingly large social and economic inequalities are observed throughout the world. Theorists after Pareto have studied this phenomenon in terms of the tail structure of the wealth distribution at a given time. Unfortunately, this approach leaves unaddressed the dynamics of inequalities in non-equilibrium situations, e.g. under redistribution policies. Here we introduce a thermodynamical theory of inequalities based on the analogy between economic stratification and statistical entropy. Within this framework we identify the combination of upward mobility with precariousness as a fundamental driver of inequality. We formalize this statement by a "second-law" inequality constraining the growth of inequalities over time. Our method can be generalized to gain insight into the dynamics of inequalities in any Markovian model of socioeconomic interactions.

An adequate energy supply system is a key issue in ... industrialization that will call for a significantly larger energy supply. Sustaining economicgrowth in the industrialized ... will add considerably to the ...

; TiÂ±6AlÂ±4V 1. Introduction The high-cycle fatigue (HCF) of aircraft gas-turbine engine components has of small surface fatigue cracks in a TiÂ±6AlÂ±4V alloy, processed for typical turbine blade applications microcracks in the damaged zone (seen only at the higher impact velocities). Furthermore, the eect of residual

Sustainable design, whether referred to as green, high performing, responsible, or environmentally, socially, and economically responsive architecture, is influencing the global building industry. Most major firms of ...

This thesis examines three questions of causality relevant to public finance and labor economics: the effect of racial segregation on city characteristics, the effect of divorce on women's economic outcomes, and the effect ...

ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL THROUGH VARIANCE/CONSTRAINT TUNING advanced process control (APC) strategies to deal with multivariable constrained control problems with an ultimate objective towards economic optimization. Any attempt to evaluate MPC performance should therefore

This dissertation consists of three chapters on topics relating to conflict, social cooperation and development economics. Several studies have identified the impact of adverse economic shocks on civil conflict using ...

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This chapter begins with a general discussion of why an economic analysis is required and whether it should be called economic or financial. The costs and cash flows for a single isolated geothermal project are t...

This thesis is a collection of three essays on economic development and experimental economics. In Chapter 1, I present experimental evidence about how Thais treat information from domestic and foreign sources. Thai students ...

NREL's JEDI Wind model performed an analysis of wind-power-related economic development drivers. Economic development benefits for wind and coal were estimated using NREL's JEDI Wind and JEDI Coal models.

This thesis is a collection of three empirical essays on economic development and environmental economics. Chapter 1 measures the response of U.S. based multinational firms to the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), which ...

foul ant application are evaluated based on the optimum exchanger cleaning interval. Sensitivities to antifou1ant effectiveness are calculated and procedures which can be used to evaluate the economic optimum use of anti foul ants are described.... This fouling effect can be somewhat mitigated by periodic chemical or mechanical cleaning of the heat exchanger surface, and by the addition of antifou1ants. The typical decay in heat recovery capability due to fouling and restoration after heat exchanger...

REGENERATIVE BOILER FEEDWATER HEATER ECONOMICS William L. Viar, PE waterland, Viar & Associates, Inc. Wilmington, Delaware ABSTRACT The basic Rankine Vapor Cycle has been r,~peatedly modified to improve efficiency. Always, the objective....g., first and second laws of thermodynamics) have improved and contributed to the evolution. The demands for larger systems with higher performance have been persistent. Progress i ve changes in the app1icat ion of the fundamental Rankine cycle have...

Abstract Peak Oil, which refers to the maximum possible global oil production rate, is increasingly gaining attention in both science and policy discourses. However, little is known about how this phenomenon will impact economies, despite its apparent imminence and potential dangers. In this paper, we construct a vulnerability map of the U.S. economy, combining two approaches for analyzing economic systems, i.e. input–output analysis and social network analysis (applied to economic data). Our approach reveals the relative importance of individual economic sectors, and how vulnerable they are to oil price shocks. As such, our dual-analysis helps identify which sectors, due to their strategic position, could put the entire U.S. economy at risk from Peak Oil. For the U.S., such sectors would include Iron Mills, Fertilizer Production and Transport by Air. Our findings thus provide early warnings to downstream companies about potential ‘trouble’ in their supply chain, and inform policy action for Peak Oil. Although our analysis is embedded in a Peak Oil narrative, it is just as valid and useful in the context of developing a climate roadmap toward a low carbon economy.

are the economic development impacts on U.S. counties of are the economic development impacts on U.S. counties of wind power projects, as defined by growth in per capita income and employment? Objective To address the research question using post-project construction, county-level data, and econometric evaluation methods. Background * Wind energy is expanding rapidly in the United States: Over the last 4 years, wind power has contributed approximately 35 percent of all new electric power capacity. * Wind power plants are often developed in rural areas where local economic development impacts from the installation are projected, including land lease and property tax payments and employment growth during plant construction and operation. * Wind energy represented 2.3 percent of the U.S. electricity supply in 2010, but studies show

Economic development disadvantages wives. Conventional microeconomic theory predicts this. As household incomes rise, wives have incentives to specialize in intangible household production. This may raise total household production according to the theory of comparative advantage, but disproportionately favors husbands in distribution of the gains according to the marginal productivity theory of distribution. Wives may become better off in absolute terms but more dependent financially on their husbands and lose power within the household. Historically, Japanese gender roles became highly specialized and wives’ legal status declined, although other Meiji-era features protected wives. Policies to improve women's status should address the precise economic problem involved.

and Economics Lab Department of Information Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong #12;#12;1 EconomicEconomic Viability of Dynamic Spectrum Management Jianwei Huang Network Communications efficiently. Successful im- plementation of DSM is not a pure engineering issue. It is also a complicated

Competition Policy, Bailouts and the Economic Crisis by Bruce Lyons School of Economics Davies, John Fingleton, Alan Gregory, John Kay, John Kwoka and a CCP seminar. None of them can be held responsible for the views I express. Contact details: Bruce Lyons, School of Economics and the ESRC Centre

i Socio-economic dynamics of biofuel development in Asia Pacific Christina Schott Jakarta, 2009 #12;ii Socio-economic dynamics of biofuel development in Asia Pacific Socio-economic dynamics of biofuel of many biofuels has turned out to be far from sustainable. The carbon balance often proves to be negative

...7. W. E. Hoehn, The Economics of Nuclear Reactors for Power...P. Sporn in Nuclear Power Economics-1962 through 1967, report...First Int. Symp. Water Desalination [cited by Wolfo-witz...of the Committee on the Economics of Water Resource Development...

of ACA institutions 2. Build value-added and sustainable campus-community economic developmentAPPALACHIAN COLLEGES COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PARTNERSHIP The UNC-Chapel Hill Office of Economic and Business Development and the Appalachian College Association proudly announce the Appalachian