An azure sky? Pluto's 'gorgeous' blue halo intrigues scientists

The New Horizon's team was shocked to find the dwarf planet features a blue sky similar to that on Earth.

ByPatrick Torphy, StaffOctober 9, 2015

Pluto's haze layer shows its blue color in this picture taken by the New Horizons Ralph/Multispectral Visible Imaging Camera (MVIC). The high-altitude haze is thought to be similar in nature to that seen at Saturn’s moon Titan. The source of both hazes likely involves sunlight-initiated chemical reactions of nitrogen and methane, leading to relatively small, soot-like particles (called tholins) that grow as they settle toward the surface. This image was generated by software that combines information from blue, red and near-infrared images to replicate the color a human eye would perceive as closely as possible.

If you were to stand on Pluto’s surface and look up, you might feel right at home: NASA says the dwarf planet has a beautiful azure sky similar to Earth’s.

The space agency's New Horizons spacecraft first caught sight of Pluto’s blue skies while on a historic flyby in July, but the images were just beamed down last week and released to the public on Thursday.

"Who would have expected a blue sky in the Kuiper Belt? It's gorgeous," said principal scientist for New Horizons Alan Stern in a press release, referring to an area in the far edges of our solar system.

Scientists say the atmosphere’s particles are actually gray and red, but how those particles scatter blue light is what intrigues scientists. This discovery can also give insight on the size and composition of haze particles surrounding Pluto, where the sun is 3.6 billion miles away, causing constant dusk.

NASA compares Pluto’s high-altitude haze to that of Saturn's moon Titan, and attribute both to the an interaction between molecules.

“A blue sky often results from scattering of sunlight by very small particles. On Earth, those particles are very tiny nitrogen molecules. On Pluto they appear to be larger – but still relatively small – soot-like particles we call tholins,” said science team researcher Carly Howett in the release.

Scientists also discovered numerous water ice patches on the surface of Pluto, which strangely appear to be red.

Regions with exposed water ice are highlighted in blue in this composite image from New Horizons' Ralph instrument, combining visible imagery from the Multispectral Visible Imaging Camera (MVIC) with infrared spectroscopy from the Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA). The strongest signatures of water ice occur along Virgil Fossa, just west of Elliot crater on the left side of the inset image, and also in Viking Terra near the top of the frame. A major outcrop also occurs in Baré Montes towards the right of the image, along with numerous much smaller outcrops, mostly associated with impact craters and valleys between mountains. The scene is approximately 280 miles (450 kilometers) across. Note that all surface feature names are informal.NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute

“Large expanses of Pluto don’t show exposed water ice because it’s apparently masked by other, more volatile ices across most of the planet. Understanding why water appears exactly where it does, and not in other places, is a challenge that we are digging into,” said science team member Jason Cook.

New Horizons launched in 2006 and is now already 63 million miles past Pluto. The spacecraft is operated for NASA by Johns Hopkins University in Maryland. The team plans to perform another flyby of a smaller object in the Kuiper Belt in 2019 if NASA approves funding to extend the mission.