This year’s G20 has all the appearances of previous summits. The motorcades, the family photos, the glitzy nights out and even the protests outside the summit – with more than 160 police officers injured.

Video:G20 protests rumble on in Hamburg

But in reality it has been very different. In the past America has led at these gatherings, forcing the pace.

Donald Trump is sceptical about the basic principles of multilateral cooperation.

The concept of everyone winning by working together is alien to his transactional view of the world.

Under his presidency, America is retreating from leading the post-war world order.

And at this summit the US has been out of step with other G20 members. Some have called it G19 plus 1: America against the rest.