Images: The El Niño/Southern Oscillation Phenomenon

Time series of observed (red) and forecast (blue) El Ni?o sea surface temperature anomalies. Forecasts with 0, 6, 12, and 18 month leads are shown in different panels, and the observed anomalies are repeated from panel to panel.

This diagram illustrates weather pathways in the North Pacific subtropical/tropical upper ocean and the main horizontal gyres and meridional-vertical cells of the region?s ocean circulation.