A. This class relates to processes and means for initially forming
or radially enlarging an elongated hole in the earth in situ by
dislocating the solid material of the earth.

1. The means forming the hole is of the type which advances
inwardly into the earth from the point at which the earth is pierced
and acts on the entire peripheral extent of the hole as it advances.

2. Dislocating of the earth formation may be achieved by
any action, such as disintegrating, compacting, chipping, cutting,
severing, splitting, spalling, piercing, burning, decomposing or
eroding, for example, so long as the purpose is to form a hole.

B. This class also takes tools not elsewhere classified specifically
described as for forming bores in masonry, concrete, cement, glass
or similar materials having a brittle frangible character similar
to rock.

C. This class is also the locus for below ground impact connections.
Such devices, commonly called "Jars" are defined
as a means forming a lost motion connection in a shaft or cable,
and are provided with impacting faces which are described as generating
a blow to be delivered to some device connected to the rod or cable
and located in a hole in the earth. Combinations involving below ground
impact connection and a specifically claimed art device which forms
subject matter for another class will be found in such other class.

However, the combination of the below ground impact connection
and a specific joint for joining the shaft or cable to an art device
which forms subject matter for another class is classifiable in
Class 175.

D. This class includes subject matter relating to devices for
firing a bullet or exploding a shaped charge from an inaccessible
hole to penetrate the formation (See Subclass References to the
Current Class, below.). Also included are such devices which are
limited by disclosure to perforating or cutting a casing or other
hole lining in an inaccessible hole but which would inherently function
to direct a bullet or charge in the same manner as a formation cutter
or perforator.

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS

RELATIONSHIP TO CLASS 166, WELLS

Classes 166 and 175 are very closely related since the majority
of the wells classifiable in Class 166 are made by the processes
or apparatus of Class 175 and much of the apparatus of Class 166
used in operating wells is also useful in operating Class 175 apparatus.
In view of this fact, the general lines between these two classes
are different with respect to processes and apparatus.

A. Process

Processes of making, using or treating a well which as a whole
are more comprehensive than an earth boring or penetrating process
and which include a step of earth boring or penetrating, which step
alone would be classifiable in the processes of Class 175, are classified
in the appropriate process subclasses of Class 166, except as noted
below.

A well fluid sampling process including a step of earth boring
or penetrating is classifiable in Class 166, unless a step of sampling
the earth formation solids is included in such a fluid sampling
process, then classification is in Class 175. (See Subclass References
to the Current Class, below.)

Generally, processes of cementing a well are classified in
Class 166 while processes of boring the earth with fluid containing
a plugging or cementing type constituent are classified in Class
175. Also see References to Other Classes, below, for the reference
to Class 166.

Processes for cleaning the wall of a well or earth bore in which
the material being removed has been deposited in the well are classified
in Class 166. Processes in which the well bore is enlarged or acted
upon to remove the natural solid earth formation (e.g., reaming),
are classified in Class 175. In a process of cleaning a well bore which
includes a step of drilling or boring, the step of the removal of
the deposited material from the wall of a well or earth bore must
be specifically recited in the claim to be classifiable in Class
166 since practically all drilling processes would inherently result
in cleaning of the well bore.

Processes of casing or lining well bores are generally classifiable
in Class 166 even though an earth boring step is claimed. However,
drilling a well generally involves the use of a tubing, particularly
in rotary drilling operations, which may in some instances be left
in the bore to form a casing or lining. Therefore, a patent which
claims in a boring process the formation of a cased or lined well
by merely leaving the tubing or the like used in the boring operation
in the well, will be classified in Class 175.

If, however, a drill tubing or shaft and a separate well lining
or casing are specifically described, and steps are claimed of boring
and lining or casing, classification will be in the processes of
Class 166 even if the separate casing or lining is specifically
described as including an earth cutting shoe and the step of cutting
with the casing or lining is claimed.

B. Apparatus

In general, Class 175 is more comprehensive than Class 166
with respect to apparatus when an earth boring tool is claimed in
combination with a well feature except as noted below.

Cutters specifically described as perforating or cutting well
pipe in situ as defined in Class 166 are classified in such subclass
even though such cutter may be incidentally described as also cutting
the earth. For such cutters to be classified in Class 175, there
must be a cutter element which is specifically described as a rock
or earth cutting element in addition to the pipe cutter and such earth
cutting element must be claimed. However, devices for firing a
bullet or exploding a shaped charge to perforate or cut well pipe
in situ are classified in Class 175 even though the disclosure is
limited to perforating or cutting casing or a wall member in a bore
if the device inherently functions to form a bore in the earth formation.

A lateral probe extending from a tubular well member to engage
and penetrate the earth formation to form a fluid passage is classified
in Class 166. If the probe removes any of the earth formation,
for a sample or otherwise, classification will be in Class 175.
See Subclass References to the Current Class, below.

Class 166 is more comprehensive than Class 175 when an earth
boring tool is not claimed; Class 166 taking subcombinations of
Class 175 subject matter, such as a below ground impact connection
claimed in combination with a well feature.

RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER CLASSES WHICH INCLUDE SUBJECT MATTER
CLOSELY RELATED TO CLASS 175.

A. Processes

Processes for forming a hole in stone or a stone like substance
which has been previously removed from its relative position, and
processes for precious stone working are classified elsewhere.
(See References to Other Classes, below.)

Processes of forming holes in the earth for agricultural purposes
such as, for example, aerating the soil are classified elsewhere.
(See References to Other Classes, below.)

Processes for forming openings in the earth while recovering
in desirable sizes or shapes a valuable material which naturally
occurs in the solid state are classified elsewhere. However, merely
forming a hole in valuable material for a purpose other than recovery
of the material removed, such as to form a hole to receive a blasting charge
or for ventilation is classified in Class 175. Disintegrating hard
material in situ where the area worked is of larger surface extent
than the working extent of the tool, and forming a large horizontal
opening in the earth by following a cutting means into an opening
with a horizontally operating vehicle support therefor is elsewhere.
(See References to Other Classes, below.)

methods and apparatus for installing water or earth control
structures or piles or the like in the earth which may include a
hole forming step or means are classified elsewhere as are methods
or apparatus for forming an underground fluid storage cavity, or
a shaft or tunnel, which go beyond merely removing the material
to form the hole. However, boring generally involves the use of tubing,
and such tubing may, in some instances, be left in the bore to form
a cased hole which may be described as a shaft, tunnel, or conduit
for fluid, etc. Therefore, a patent which claims in a boring process,
the formation of a cased or lined hole by merely leaving the tubing
or the like used in the boring operation in the hole, will be classified
in Class 175. (See References to Other Classes, below.)

Processes where boring or penetrating the earth is employed
as part of a process within the Class 588 definition. (See References
to Other Classes, below.)

B. Tool driving or impacting;

Means to drive or impact a tool, when such means includes
combined features, such as driving and advancing, driving and cleansing
or specific impact relationship to a tool, but which means is not
limited to specific art use are elsewhere. Class 175 includes combinations of
such means with means such as the specific structure of the work
contacting portion of a tool, a fluid head adapted to engage a bore
entrance, or a bore wall engaging guide or packer on a shaft being
used in a boring operation. Class 175 also provides for below ground impacting
devices comprising lost motion connectings as described in C, Tools,
below, even when such impacting devices are not combined with any
other specific feature for Class 175. (See References to Other Classes,
below.)

C. Tools

Class 175 takes the terminal or work performing element for
forming a bore in the earth which is generically called a tool,
and includes bits, nozzles, drive points, heaters, etc., and analogous
and similar tools elsewhere provided for are noted as follows:

Tools for boring gem stones, and also the combination of a
tool for boring stone or stone-like material when the tool is claimed
in combination with a work support or work holder are elsewhere
as are sawing or splitting tools for working blocks of stone and
stone-like materials, and for stone surface working tools and miscellaneous
stone working tools (e.g., miners picks). (See References to Other
Classes, below.)

Tools for boring or penetrating into the earth, when the boring
is done to recover valuable cuttings from a borehole in desirable
size or shape, and also includes earth boring or penetrating tools
which are specifically described as being adapted to follow a boring
movement with a lateral movement relative to the surface of a hard material
which is being worked to form a channel or kerf are elsewhere. However,
Class 175 takes such channeling cutters which are described as functioning completely
below the surface of the earth in an inaccessible hole. Apparatus
for forming a large horizontal passageway into the earth by continuously
advancing a cutting device by means of a horizontally operating vehicle
which forms a passageway as the vehicle follows the cutting means
into and along the passageway are elsewhere. (See References to
Other Classes, below.)

Soft earth removing tools such as ditchers, dredgers and clam
shells, which are adapted to form a hole of greater peripheral extent
than the tool by lateral movement which may or may not follow a
boring advance, or by repeated laterally displaced excavatory grabs
are elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)

A tool which is provided with a cutting edge adapted for boring
or penetrating into the earth, but which is solely disclosed as
for boring into the earth around a living plant for the purpose
of removing the plant from the earth as the tool is extracted, is
classified in the appropriate agricultural or material handling
class.

A tool such as a drive point or nozzle which assists in the
placement or construction of an earth embedded structure and forms
part of the completed structure is classified in the appropriate
building art.

A device which is disclosed as a tool to bore or penetrate
the earth by directly applying heat to fluidize or comminute, but
which is merely a heater of general utility (e.g., does not claim
bit elements, drilling fluid discharge port, etc.), is classified
in the appropriate heating class.

In the References to Other Classses, below, search notes to
classes which provide for processes for boring or penetrating the
earth, or apparatus or processes relating to subject matter which
is described for use in connection with a process or apparatus for
boring or penetrating the earth, including a statement of the line
with the most closely related classes.

78 and 79+. A lateral probe extending
from a tubular well member to engage and penetrate the earth formation
to form a fluid passage is classified elsewhere. If the probe removes
any of the earth formation, for a sample or otherwise, classification
will be in this class (175).

Metal Working, appropriate subclasses for metal working apparatus and
processes of mechanical manufacture,Class 29 takes a cutter for use in a bore hole where
the sole disclosed use of the cutter is to mill away metallic objects
in a bore hole.

Excavating, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for making an opening in the earth by the removal or displacement
of material. The line between Class 37 and Class 175 being generally
related to the peripheral extent of the opening at the surface of
the earth. Class 37 taking subject matter relating to forming an
opening wherein the periphery of said opening greatly exceeds the
cross-sectional area of the tool or cutting organization. (Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, "Relationship to Other
Classes" ).

Excavating, for soft earth removing tools such as ditchers,
dredgers and clam shells, which are adapted to form a hole of greater
peripheral extent than the tool by lateral movement which may or
may not follow a boring advance, or by repeated laterally displaced
excavatory grabs. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Relationship
to Other Classes" ).

Power Plants, appropriate subclasses for power plants and motors
of the type provided for in Class 60 for operating earth boring
or penetrating means. The nominal recitation of an earth boring
or penetrating load (e.g., boring tool) will not preclude classification
in Class 60.

Metal Tools and Implements, Making, appropriate subclasses, and particularly
subclass 102and 108.1 for blanks and processes for making drilling
tools. Patents including claims to blanks or processes for making
drills and claims to the drill as an article of manufacture are
classified with the article in Class 175.

Ammunition and Explosives, appropriate subclass for a process of apparatus relating
to an explosive charge of general utility and particularly
subclasses 301+ for blasting and well torpedoes. Class 175 provides
for subject matter for extending or enlarging a bore or perforating a
formation from an inaccessible hole or penetrating a casing or other
wall member in an inaccessible hole by means of a gun or shaped charge
device which would inherently penetrate the formation. However,
Class 102 provides for subject matter relating to merely causing
an explosion in a hole where such explosion is not directed in a
particular manner relating to a shaped charge or cartridge, per
se. Also, Class 102 includes blasting of general utility to break
up earth formation, even though mechanical earth boring steps or
means to position the charge are included. However, a mechanical
earth boring means or step combined with an explosive means or step
ancillary to the boring is classifiable in Class 175. See Subclass
References to the Current Class, above.

Planting, appropriate subclasses for agricultural type planting
including a step or means for boring or penetrating the earth combined with
depositing an object in the bore (usually a seed or living plant).

Stone Working, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for working stone and stone-like material, which is not in situ
in the earth. Boring or penetrating tools which are described for
working materials (e.g., glass, ceramics, concrete) which are not
normally in situ will, nevertheless, be classified in Class 175
if the claims are limited to the boring tool. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Relationship to Other Classes").

Stone Working, for processes for forming a hole in stone or a stone
like substance which has been previously removed from its relative position,
and for processes for precious stone working. (Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, "Relationship to Other Classes").

Stone Working, provides for tools for boring gem stones, and also
the combination of a tool for boring stone or stone-like material
when the tool is claimed in combination with a work support or work
holder. Class 125 also provides for sawing or splitting tools for
working blocks of stone and stone-like materials, and for stone
surface working tools and miscellaneous stone working tools (e.g.,
miners picks). (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Relationship
to Other Classes").

Wells, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
including steps or means for making or operating wells. The line
between Class 166 and Class 175 is set forth in Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, in this class definition.

Wells,
subclasses 285+ for processes of cementing a well. The line between
Class 166 and Class 175, when cementing or boring with fluid is
concerned, is set forth in Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class in the class definition of Class 166 and the definition of
subclass 285+ of the same class. (Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, "Relationship to Class 166, Wells")
.

Wells,
subclass 55for cutters specifically described as perforating
or cutting well pipe in situ and subclass 100 for a lateral probe
extending from a tubular well member to engage and penetrate the
earth formation to form a fluid passage. (Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, "Relationship to Class 166, Wells").

Earth Working, for processes of forming holes in the earth for
agricultural purposes such as, for example, aerating the soil.
(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Relationship
to Other Classes").

Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for subject matter directed
to driving or impacting a tool, when such subject matter includes
combined features peculiar to tool driving, but which does not include
features limiting the subject matter to a specific tool art, such
as specific shape of the work contacting portion of a tool, related
tools, or an opposed work support. (Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, "Relationship to Other Classes").

Tool Driving or Impacting, for means to drive or impact a tool, when such means
includes combined features, such as driving and advancing, driving
and cleansing or specific impact relationship to a tool, but which
means is not limited to specific art use. Class 175 includes combinations
of such means with means such as the specific structure of the work
contacting portion of a tool, a fluid head adapted to engage a bore
entrance, or a bore wall engaging guide or packer on a shaft being
used in a boring operation. Class 175 also provides for below ground
impacting devices comprising lost motion connectings as described
in Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, C, Tools, above,
even when such impacting devices are not combined with any other
specific feature for Class 175. (Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, "Relationship to Other Classes").

Brakes, particularly
subclass 67for a brake (e.g., a clasp) mechanically connected
to a relatively stationary structure and which holds a pipe or rod
at various locations along the pipe"s or rod"s
length for short, quick linear assembly or disassembly during a
work or manufacturing operation, or preparation to a working operation
done by the pipe, rod, or a pipe supported tool.

Radiant Energy,
subclass 254for methods and apparatus where a nominal drill
apparatus or drilling step combined with a geological invisible
radiation test, or earth formation or well material irradiation
method or apparatus, and subclasses 256+ for methods and
apparatus to detect or utilize invisible radiation to test material
in or about a well.

Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process,
subclasses 322+ for a seal for a well apparatus, subclasses 358+ for
a relatively rotatable radially extending sealing face member (e.g.,
face, mechanical, etc.) or subclasses 500+ or a dynamic
circumferential contact seal for other than a piston.

Chucks or Sockets, appropriate subclasses, including chucks and sockets for
drilling tools, and particularly
subclass 20for a socket type, fluid conducting, drill holding
chuck. The inclusion of details of the portion of the boring tool
that cooperates with the chuck or socket does not preclude classification
in Class 279. However, claims reciting plural boring tool elements
which are simultaneously received in a chuck or socket are classified
in Class 175.

Pipe Joints or Couplings, appropriate subclasses including pipe joints or
couplings for earth boring or penetrating means, and particularly
for joints or couplings for tool shafts. The nominal recitation
of one joint or coupling member as being a boring tool does not
preclude classification in Class 285.

Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclasses 49+ for hand type, nonrotary tools for boring post
holes, and subclasses 86.1+ for grapples for removing or
placing earth boring tools and other objects from or into a borehole and
particularly subclass 86.34 for a means for retrieving a stuck object
from a borehole combined with a means to remove material from around
the stuck object, which means may include a nominally claimed earth
boring bit, though if specific structure of a cutting edge for earth
boring is claimed, classification is in Class 175. The term "stuck
object" does not include a core of earth material. A core
removing means is classifiable in Class 175 even if an earth boring
feature is only nominally claimed. In the absence of an earth boring
feature, a grapple for retrieving a core is classifiable in Class
294, subclasses 86.1+. As between Class 294 and Class
175, generally any claiming of an earth boring feature causes classification
in Class 175, except for the subject matter of Class 294, subclass
86.34. Hand type, post hole boring tools which are described as
being rotated in forming a hole are classified in Class 175.

Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, for processes for forming openings in the earth
while recovering in desirable sizes or shapes a valuable material
which naturally occurs in the solid state. However, merely forming
a hole in valuable material for a purpose other than recovery of
the material removed, such as to form a hole to receive a blasting
charge or for ventilation is classified in Class 175. Class 299
further provides for disintegrating hard material in situ where
the area worked is of larger surface extent than the working extent
of the tool, and forming a large horizontal opening in the earth
by following a cutting means into an opening with a horizontally
operating vehicle support therefore. (Lines With Other Classes
and Within This Class, "Relationship to Other Classes").

Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material, provides for tools for boring or penetrating into
the earth, when the boring is done to recover valuable cuttings
from a borehole in desirable size or shape, and also includes earth boring
or penetrating tools which are specifically described as being adapted
to follow a boring movement with a lateral movement relative to
the surface of a hard material which is being worked to form a channel
or kerf. However, Class 175 takes such channeling cutters which
are described as functioning completely below the surface of the
earth in an inaccessible hole. Class 299 also takes apparatus for forming
a large horizontal passageway into the earth by continuously advancing
a cutting device by means of a horizontally operating vehicle which
forms a passageway as the vehicle follows the cutting means into
and along the passageway. (Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, "Relationship to Other Classes").

Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 323+ for a step or means for measuring an electrical
property of the formation. The combination of nominal earth boring
steps or means and a step or means for measuring an electrical property
of the formation is classified in Class 324.

Joints and Connections, appropriate subclasses for rod couplings or joints
for earth boring means. The nominal inclusion of one joint or coupling
member as being a boring tool does not preclude classification in
this class (403).

Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for (1) highway, pathway
or walkway structure, per se; and (2) process and apparatus for
making, installing, repairing or maintaining such structure where
such structure, process or apparatus is not otherwise classifiable
as either (a) specifically provided for in other loci or (b) of
such general utility as to be provided for on that basis (See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class in Class 404, class definition,
for known collections of such nature and the particular lines of
demarcation).

Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, appropriate subclasses for the combination of an
earth boring process or apparatus and a process step or apparatus
classifiable in Class 405. In the process of installing hydraulic
and earth engineering structure, Class 405 is clearly superior,
a mere recitation in a process claim preamble (e.g., in a process
of driving a pile) being sufficient to control classification.
(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Relationship
to Other Classes").

Hydraulic and Earth Engineering, for methods and apparatus for installing water or
earth control structures or piles or the like in the earth which
may include a hole forming step or means. Further, Class 405 provides
for methods or apparatus for forming an underground fluid storage
cavity, or a shaft or tunnel, which go beyond merely removing the
material to form the hole. However, boring generally involves the
use of tubing, and such tubing may, in some instances, be left in
the bore to form a cased hole which may be described as a shaft,
tunnel, or conduit for fluid, etc. Therefore, a patent which claims
in a boring process, the formation of a cased or lined hole by merely
leaving the tubing or the like used in the boring operation in the
hole, will be classified in Class 175. (Lines With Other Classes and
Within This Class"Relationship to Other Classes").

Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for boring or reaming bores by a rotating tool, not elsewhere provided
for. Class 408, for example, takes steps and means for boring or
reaming bores solely in metallic objects even though the metallic
object may be embedded in the earth, and boring bits which are described
as equally well suited for boring rock, etc., and either wood or
metal. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Relationship
to Other Classes").

Cutting by Use of Rotating Axially Moving Tool, is the generic home for rotary boring bits not otherwise
classifiable. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Relationship to
Other Classes").

Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses, particularly Class 523,
subclasses 130+ for a composition containing a synthetic resin
or natural rubber having utility in sealing fissures or crevices
in stone, rock, or other subterranean formations or in consolidating
a formation in a well or in cementing a well or to processes of
preparing said composition.

Hazardous or Toxic Waste Destruction or Containment,
subclasses 249and 250 for processes where boring or penetrating
the earth is employed as part of a process within the Class 588
definition. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, "Relationship
to Other Classes").

SECTION V - GLOSSARY

ABOVE GROUND

The term "Above Ground" denotes any
point which lies outside of a hole being formed in the earth, this
may be either in the open (e.g., on the surface of the earth) or
a cellar, tunnel or other hole in the earth from which a hole is
being formed.

ADVANCE

Motion in a direction towards the desired depth or direction
of a hole being formed.

BELOW GROUND

"Below Ground" denotes any point within
a hole being formed in the earth from the point at which the earth
is pierced by the means forming the hole.

BORE

The hole formed by the boring means. It is not limited
to a vertically extending hole, but can extend at any angle into
the earth.

BOREWALL

The wall which forms the periphery of a hole in the earth.
In the case of a lined hole the inside wall of the lining constitutes
a borewall for purposes of classification.

BORING MEANS

A combination of parts comprising an earth boring or drilling
device. It may comprise merely a tool provided with a handle for
manipulating the same to form a hole in the earth, or a complex
combination of parts including above ground structure for supporting,
feeding and driving a tool for boring a hole in the earth.

CASING

A tube which is introduced in a preformed bore and forms
a lining for the bore.

CONVEYOR

A mechanical device for receiving and carrying cuttings,
for example, it may consist of a simple chute for directing cuttings
away from the bore entrance, a helical screw fixed to the tool shaft,
or a power-driven endless carrier type device extending between
any two points within the bore or from any point within the bore
to any location above ground.

DRILLING FLUID

Any fluid, gaseous or liquid, which is introduced into the
bore for the purpose of lubricating or cleaning any part of the
boring means, or to displace or assist the tool in displacing the
formation, or to flush or clean the bore of cuttings.

DRIVE

A part of the boring means which comprises a motion generating,
applying, or transmitting means which is specifically adapted to
repeatedly or continuously act upon a boring tool to cause the tool
to bore by cutting or penetrating into the earth. Drive is divided
into the following major categories: (1) Feed. The sustained forced advance
of a boring tool by means other than mere gravity, adapted to cause
the tool to cut or penetrate either with or without another type
of drive means; (2) Impact Drive. The actuation of a boring tool
by a means adapted to deliver a series of blows upon a tool or tool shaft,
said impact delivering means being adapted to move relative to said
tool or tool shaft; (3) Reciprocating Drive. The actuation of a
boring tool by means adapted to cause the tool to partake of to
and fro axial movement, at least one direction of axial movement being
caused by the drive; (4) Rotary Drive. The actuation of a boring
tool by means causing the tool to continuously rotate about its
own axis, and includes uniform or step by step unidirectional or
oscillatory motion.

INACCESSIBLE HOLE

A hole or cavity in the earth which is not large enough to
permit both a human operator and a boring means to be located therein.
A specific disclosure that the hole or cavity is a well or borehole
and that the supporting or carrying means for the boring means substantially
fills said hole or cavity will be considered an inaccessible hole.

MOTIVE FLUID

Any fluid which is derived from a pressurized stream which
operates a drive motor for the boring means. Motive fluid when
exhausted into the bore is also considered to be drilling fluid.

RETRACTION

Motion in a direction away from the bottom of a hole being
formed.

SHAFT

A part of the boring means which comprises an elongate,
relatively slender structure (e.g., rod, tube, casing, strand, cable,
etc., or any combination thereof), which is connected to another
part of the boring means for manipulating, supporting or driving
said other part. (1) Actuating Shaft. A shaft connected to another
part of the boring means for modifying or controlling said other part
(e.g., cutter expansion shaft). (2) Shaft Section. One of the
individual elements of a multipart shaft. (3) Tool Shaft. A shaft
which is connected to the boring tool and extends above ground,
or to another part of the boring means (e.g., to the drive or advance
means. (4) Tool Drive Shaft. A tool shaft connecting the tool
to the drive means, to transmit mechanical movement from the drive
to the tool.

TOOL

Comprises the terminal or work applying element of the boring
means including bits, nozzles, drive points, projectiles, explosives,
etc., which disintegrates, dislocates, erodes or compresses the
earth to form a bore. See the appropriate subclasses for the definition
of particular tools, and particularly Subclass References to the
Current Class, above, for the definition of "bit".

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus which includes a step or means for
boring a hole in the earth, combined with a step or means located
within the hole relating to subjecting the earth to a force to initiate
a seismic wave in the earth.

(1)Note. For classification in this subclass, the process or
means causing the force must be specifically described as for generating
a seismic shock and not left to inference.

Wells, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus which
may cause seismic wave generation, and particularly
subclasses 177.1+ and 308.1-308.6 and the search notes there noted for
processes and apparatus respectively, for fracturing the formation.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus comprising subject matter directed
to exploding a charge in an inaccessible hole to directly attack
the formation or to propel an object such as a bullet into the formation.

(1)Note. Internal combustion motors and similar devices operating
below the surface of the ground are excluded and found in subclasses
92+.

(2)Note. Subject matter directed to a device described as for
causing a below ground explosive charge or projectile to extend or
enlarge a bore or perforate the formation or a wall member in the
hole is classified under this definition if (1) the sole disclosure
is for use in an in-accessible hole or (2) there is a specific disclosure for
use in an inaccessible hole. However, an explosive device which
is described as adapted to cause a blast of general utility or a
gun or general utility even though incidentally described as usable
to extend, enlarge or perforate the formation or a wall member in
the hole is classified in the appropriate subclasses.

(3)Note. Devices which fire bullets or charges in a manner that
would inherently penetrate an earth formation in an inaccessible
hole are included under this definition even though the specific
disclosure for use in an inaccessible hole is limited to perforating
or severing a casing or a wall member in the hole.

Wells,
subclass 299for a well process including an explosive step,
subclasses 55+ for means for perforating or cutting pipe
at an unprepared point including explosive means which does not
inherently cause penetration of an earth formation to form a bore, and
subclass 63 for a well apparatus with explosive means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter in which a projectile containing an explosive
charge is described as forming a bore as it is projected into the
formation by an explosive charge and the explosive charge carried
by the projectile is then fired.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter directed to an explosive apparatus which
includes or is combined with (1) a core receiving barrel or tube
which is propelled into the formation by an explosive charge or (2)
a receptacle or the like which is described as adapted to collect
and remove a sample of the formation from the hole.

(1)Note. An apparatus having a receptacle or the like described
as adapted to collect only fluid is included under this definition,
as well as a receptacle adapted to collect solid formation material
or both fluid and solid formation material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter directed to plural charges or bullets which
are fired through the same gun barrel and/or in succession
in the same direction and along the same line into the formation without
removing the firing apparatus from the hole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter directed to (1) means to position or aim
an explosive charge or projectile relative to a predetermined point
or direction in the hole, (2) means to enable an operator at the
surface to determine where something (e.g., the explosive charge
or projectile) is located in the hole or (3) means to place an indicator
(e.g., reference bullet) in the formation or hole wall.

(1)Note. A means which merely centralizes the device in the
hole or holds the device against an undetermined point at the side of
the hole, or is merely described as engaging the hole bottom is
not included as a positioning or aiming means under this definition
and is classified on other features.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter directed to means engaging the hole wall
or a tubular member in the hole to (1) block fluid flow between
the explosive apparatus and the hole wall or member or (2) attach the
explosive apparatus to the hole wall or other wall in the hole so
as to resist the action of gravity or a lifting force.

(1)Note. The means to block fluid flow or attach the explosive
apparatus must be insertable from above ground to coact with the
hole wall or a prepositioned tubular member in the hole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter directed to (1) a chamber for an explosive
charge which is movable while it is in the hole relative to a body
or frame which supports the chamber in the hole or (2) plural chambers
which are connected together so as to permit relative movement between
the chambers while they are in the hole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter directed to means provided in the apparatus
to (1) start, stop or modify operation of an explosive firing means
in response to a sensed condition within the hole or (2) compensate
for change in a hole condition due to exploding of a charge.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter directed to means including plural charges
and a control to separately fire the charges.

(1)Note. Charges which are consecutively or train fired due
to the single actuation of a control means are not included under
this definition unless the firing can be interrupted so as to control
the firing of one charge separately from another, such train firing
being classified on other features.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter directed to a mechanical control means which
is actuated in the hole to explode the charge.

(1)Note. For purposes of this definition, mechanical control
comprises any relative movement of mechanical parts which takes
place below ground or in an inaccessible hole. For example, merely an
electrical switch blade which is moved by some means in the hole
relative to a contact is considered mechanical control for this
definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter comprising an apparatus or process for firing
a missile.

(1)Note. A mere missile or projectile, per se, is not classified
under this definition. It is classified in the appropriate ordnance
class if the disclosure is not limited to earth boring and no specific earth
boring feature is claimed. However, if the disclosure is limited
to earth boring or a specific earth boring feature is claimed, classification
is in the appropriate subclass herebelow in Class 175.

This subclass is indented under subclass 4.57. Subject matter directed to means which are provided to temporarily
hold back the missile at the time of firing the explosive charge
so as to build up pressure behind the missile and propel the missile
with high initial acceleration when the holding means is overcome.

This subclass is indented under subclass 4.57. Subject matter directed to means which are provided to prevent
ambient fluid in the hole from coming in contact with the missile
until propulsion of the missile commences.

This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Subject matter directed to means in which the explosive
charge is hollowed or dished inwardly toward a central point to
give a focused pressure to directly attack the formation or a wall
member in the hole.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus comprising a step or means for sinking
a well, shaft or deep boring in the surface of the earth lying below
a body of water, (e.g., ocean, lake, or river, etc.).

(1)Note. Included under this definition are patents in which
the sole specific disclosure or a claim is directed to subject matter
for boring in strata located below a body of water. Excluded from
this subclass are subcombinations of a boring apparatus such as
a tool, disclosed as being part of an underwater drilling apparatus,
but which has no structure specially adapting the tool to under water
boring. Such structure is classified in the appropriate subclasses
below.

Ships, appropriate subclasses for floating supports, per
se. Class 175 takes patents relating to a floating support for
an earth boring apparatus where some element of the earth boring
apparatus is claimed. Nominal recitation of a drill rig, or details
of a derrick or draw works have not been considered to involve specialized drilling
features and are classified in Class 114.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Subject matter including a drive means for a boring tool,
and in which said drive means is located below the surface of the
water during the boring operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Subject matter, utilizing a base structure positioned on
the underwater floor and completely covered by water when so positioned
and a floating structure independent of the base structure, said
floating structure and base structure cooperating to support and
guide the drilling apparatus during the drilling operation.

(1)Note. A mere casing extending upwardly from the marine floor
is not included under this definition.

(2)Note. The base structure may be connected to the floating
structure by flexible means which will permit the floating structure
to move relative to the base structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Subject matter, utilizing a normally floating or buoyant
support for a boring means which is submerged to a position below
the surface of the water during the boring operation.

(1)Note. Merely sinking anchors which may normally be buoyant
is excluded.

(2)Note. The boring means or support therefore need not be completely
submerged to be placed in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Subject matter utilizing a boring means mounted on a structure
at or above the surface of the body of water and which structure
is so constructed or anchored by means of fixed rigid supports (e.g.,
piles) as to be nonbuoyant or unaffected by the normal wave or tide
action of the body of water.

(1)Note. A guide frame or casing for the tool or tool shaft
which engages the formation is excluded unless the frame or casing
prevents movement of the supporting structure for the boring means.

Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 195.1+ for marine floor supported structures. Class 175
takes a structure adapted to support an earth boring device in a
body of water where some details of the boring device is claimed.
Nominal recitation of a drilling rig, provision for drilling a
mere foundation for a support, details of a derrick or draw works,
or mere access spaces communicating with the surface of the water
which could be used equally well in a pile driving organization
have not been considered to involve specialized drilling features
and are classified in Class 405.

This subclass is indented under subclass 5. Subject matter, utilizing a support for a boring means provided
with a vertically disposed guide frame, a second guide frame or
member mounted on said first guide frame, said second guide frame
or member being movable relative to said first guide frame in a
vertical direction to a position below the surface of the body of the
water.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus comprising a step or means for directing
a form of heat energy into a mineral body to (1) alter the physical
state of the body or (2) separate the mineral body into particles
(e.g., spalling).

(1)Note. Class 175 is considered generic to heat working of
naturally occurring mineral bodies in situ, and as such, takes all processes
and apparatus particularly adapted to heat working of said bodies, not
limited to (1) surface treatment or channeling of blocks of stone,
classified in Class 125, Stone Working, or (2) mining or channeling
of in situ mineral bodies for the recovery of valuable material therefrom,
classified in Class 299, Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material.

(2)Note. Apparatus classifiable herein, must include a structural
modification peculiar to mineral working. For heating devices of
general application search the appropriate heating class.

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter in which a chemical compound is directed
into the heated or molten mass of disintegrated material to bring
about the formation of a resultant product having a desirable property
(e.g., to increase fluidity).

This subclass is indented under subclass 11. Subject matter in which an exothermic chemical reaction
is caused to occur in a confined area, and the products of the reaction
are discharged through a restriction from said area against the
mineral body with jet and/or intensely heated characteristics.

(1)Note. The "confined area" consists of an area
enclosed by structure other than the mere walls of the borehole
being formed in the mineral body.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus comprising a step or means (1) for
changing the temperature of a drilling fluid or (2) positively changing
the temperature of all or a portion of a bore or boring equipment
within the bore.

(1)Note. The mere step or means of circulating drilling fluid
through the bore as a heat absorbing or transmitting medium is excluded
even though the fluid may be compressed and expanded (e.g., exhaust from
a down the hole motor).

(2)Note. Heat produced incidental to the normal boring operation
of a boring means (e.g., bit friction or motor heat) is excluded.

Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclass 56for a method or apparatus for heating or cooling
the walls of an earthen cavity in which is sorted a fluid material;
and subclasses 130+ for heating or cooling of an earth
formation in general.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus comprising steps or means which are
peculiar to forming boreholes in naturally situated bodies of frozen
water.

(1)Note. A specific disclosure of use in boring ice is sufficient
to cause classification in this subclass.

(2)Note. The term "naturally situated bodies",
is limited to bodies of the type which are normally occurring earth structures
such as glaciers or ponds. If the subject matter is limited by disclosure
to bodies which do not meet this limitation, or the bodies are portions
of naturally situated bodies which have been removed, classification
will be in another class.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus including a step or means peculiar
to forming a borehole in the earth without the extraction of material
from the borehole, and relating primarily to the wedging or packing
aside of the earth by a driven element (e.g., drive point).

(1)Note. Subject matter going beyond merely forming an opening
in the earth (e.g., installing piling), is classified in another
art on the basis of the additional function or structure. However,
apparatus for forming or placing a lining or casing in the bore
as part of the boring without earth removal operation, does not
exceed the scope of this class unless significant lining or casing
structure, which is classifiable elsewhere, is claimed.

(2)Note. A disclosure that the principal boring operation is
carried out without earth removal is necessary to cause classification
in this subclass. For example, tools which have a drive point feature (i.e.,
pilot or anchor), but which have additional structure that in normal
operation causes, or permits material to be removed from the borehole,
will not be classified herein.

(3)Note. Points that have screw or helical portions thereon
which portions have a greater diameter than the largest diameter
of the point will be classified under subclasses 327+ even
though by disclosure no formation is removed, since any screw or
helical portion would tend to convey material unless the tool was advanced
the proper amount with respect to the speed of rotation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter including in addition to boring without earth
removal, the step or means for removing earth, (e.g., boring without
earth removal followed by taking a sample, etc.).

This subclass is indented under subclass 19. Subject matter including a step or means for (1) separating
a drive point from its shaft to permit the shaft to remain as a
casing in the bore or (2) installing a separate casing as a part
of the boring operation.

(1)Note. Processes of installing a casing including forming
a well or hydraulic or earth engineering structure which include
boring are excluded and well be found in Classes 166 and 405, respectively.

(2)Note. The term "detached" as used in this
title includes merely removing the drive point from its position
adjacent the end of the shaft, as well as mechanically disconnecting
the shaft and drive point.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus comprising the steps or means for (1)
sensing a condition of operation which may or may not occur and
(2) controlling a power operated means in response to said sensed
condition (without assistance from an intelligent operator) to initiate,
modify, or terminate the operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter in which a sensed condition of operation
controls a power operated means to adjust or regulate the pressure
of fluid which is (1) within a borehole or (2) confined in apparatus
in which the fluid pressure may be automatically adjusted or modified
while the confining apparatus is within a borehole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 24. Subject matter in which a sensed condition of operation
controls a power operated means to initiate, modify, or terminate
the advance or axial pressure of a tool upon the formation.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus combined with a step or means for measuring,
testing, signaling, indicating, detecting, registering or recording
a condition for the benefit of an observer.

(1)Note. A boring process or apparatus which inherently gives
a signal while performing some boring function is not included unless
it includes an added step or apparatus for indicating. For example a
mere stop means or abutment which is intended to limit the extent
to which a tool may be fed is excluded. Also, a below ground means
which is responsive to a condition of the boring means to control
the flow of fluid through a passage is excluded unless the means
to indicate the change in fluid flow or pressure, or a step of indicating
is claimed. Such structure is classified on other features.

(2)Note. Bore bottom sensing by touching the bottom of the borehole
with the boring apparatus is excluded.

(3)Note. Patents relating to measuring or indicating a condition
in a borehole are classified in the appropriate measuring or indicating
class. Class 175 takes patents relating to process or apparatus
for boring into the earth combined with a measuring or indicating
feature, where more than a mere step of boring is claimed or where
details of the boring apparatus are claimed.

Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 81+ for means to test the hardness of a material, including
a penetrator or indenter, subclasses 152.01+ for measuring
a condition of the boring means or earth formation in a borehole wherein
the test is not purely electrical or purely magnetic and wherein the
boring process or the boring apparatus is only nominally claimed.

Wells,
subclasses 250.01+ for processes involving a well, combined with a
step of measuring, testing, signaling, indicating, directing, registering
or recording a condition, subclass 66 for a well device combined
with electrical indicating means, and subclass 113 for a well device
combined with nonelectrical measuring, testing or indicating means.

Radiant Energy,
subclass 254for methods and apparatus where a nominal step
of boring or boring apparatus is claimed in combination with a geological
invisible radiation test, or earth formation or well material irradiation
method or apparatus, and subclasses 256+ for methods and apparatus
to detect or utilize invisible radiation to test material in or
about a well.

Electricity: Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 323+ for subject matter relating to the determination
of an electrical characteristic of the subsurface of the earth.
A nominal recitation of an earth boring step or means does not
preclude classification in Class 324.

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter comprising a step or means for detecting
the presence of, or measuring the quantity or quality of invisible
radiant energy rays, such as for example radioactive emanations
or phosphorescence or fluorescence.

Radiant Energy,
subclass 254for methods and apparatus with a nominal drill
apparatus or drilling step combined with a geological invisible
radiation test, or earth formation or well material irradiation
method or apparatus, and subclasses 256+ for methods and
apparatus to detect or utilize invisible radiation to test material
in or about a well.

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter comprising a drilling fluid system and a
step or means for releasing an identifiable substance into the drilling
fluid stream which substance when carried above ground by the circulating
fluid will indicate to an observer the presence of a condition.

(1)Note. The substance is something which is specifically disclosed
for indicating.

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter comprising a step or means to take a core
sample from the formation and a step or means operative during the
extraction of the core for indicating the position of the core sample
in the formation, so that said core sample may be placed in the
same position which it assumed while in the formation for observation
after it is brought above ground.

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter comprising a step or means for indicating
the position, direction or inclination of a boring tool in a borehole
with relation to geographical direction, a characteristic of the borehole
or some other preselected point of reference.

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter relating to a drilling fluid system forming
a part of the boring means and a step or means to (1) measure or
indicate the pressure of the drilling fluid or (2) measure or indicate
the rate of flow of said drilling fluid at a specified location
in said system.

This subclass is indented under subclass 40. Subject matter comprising a step or means for encasing a
part of the boring means or cuttings in a transparent enclosure
such that said enclosed boring means or cuttings may be visually
observed or inspected.

Measuring and Testing,
subclasses 81+ for measuring the hardness of a material by employing
a device which measures the force required to penetrate the material,
and subclasses 152.01+ for measuring and testing, relating
to the earth formation in a borehole.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus combined with a step or means requiring
no other control by an operator other than the initial starting
or presetting of the condition of operation, for the tool or tool
shaft to follow a complete cycle of operation of advance and retraction
or retraction and advance returning to its original or starting position
and then stopping.

WITH MAGAZINE FOR SUCCESSIVELY MOVING UNCONNECTED, ORIENTED TOOL
OR SHAFT SECTIONS TO USE POSITION:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus combined with a holding of storage
means or steps for carrying a plurality of separate disconnected
tools or tool shaft sections, said holding or storage means or steps
including separately removing and positioning a tool or a tool shaft
section from said holding or storage position into a use position with
the previously removed and positioned tool or tool shaft section.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus including a step of, or apparatus peculiar
to increasing the diameter of an existing through borehole (spaced entrance
and exit points) wherein certain parts of either the boring apparatus
used must be located outside of end of the existing borehole at
some time during the boring operation.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus comprising a step or means for continuously
recirculating within the bore a plurality of unsupported elements
such as shot or pellets to cause such elements to directly impinge
upon and disintegrate the formation.

(1)Note. The elements must be recirculated entirely within the
bore for classification in this subclass. Drilling fluid provided with
unsupported particles which circulate from above ground into the
bore is excluded.

(2)Note. The elements (e.g., shot or pellets, etc.) need not
be claimed for classification in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus comprising a step or means for driving
the boring tool which includes a mass or weight mounted to travel
in an orbital path with the center of gravity of the mass or weight
being spaced from the center of the path in which it travels, the
reaction of said mass or weight on its mounting being transmitted
to the boring tool through the means mounting the mass or weight
for rotation.

NATURAL VIBRATION CHARACTERISTIC OF AN ELEMENT OF BORING MEANS
RELATED (1) TO NATURAL VIBRATION CHARACTERISTIC OF ANOTHER ELEMENT,
OR (2) TO FREQUENCY OF AN IMPOSED MOTION:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Process or apparatus comprising a step or means relating
to an element or part of the boring means which has a property affecting
its natural period of vibration when it is impacted or elastically
deformed which bears a relationship to (1) a similar property of
another element or part of the boring means or (2) the frequency
or period of vibration of the force causing the impacts or deformations
of the first element.

(1)Note. The relationship of vibration characteristics must
be specifically described but the claims need recite only some feature
which has been described as relating to the vibration characteristics
for classification in this subclass.

(2)Note. A mere shock absorber, such as a spring or rubber element,
is excluded from this subclass unless it is described as having
a particular relationship to the vibration characteristics of another
part or the imposed motion.

Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclass 14for a process of recovering valuable material from
the earth or breaking up hard material in situ, including a step
of disintegrating by directly applying vibration.

(1)Note. Processes classified in this subclass comprise, for
example, processes of manipulating drills, drill rods or expanding
reamers to drill or ream a borehole or processes of operating various
types of drill rig power supplies and the like.

(2)Note. Subclasses 1 through 56 includes both processes and
apparatus, and processes relating to the subject matter provided
for in those subclasses will be found therein.

Tool Driving or Impacting,
subclass 1for a process limited to the operation of a tool
driving or impacting device. If steps peculiar to performing an earth
boring operation are included, classification will be in Class 175.

This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes comprising drilling a definite sample of earth
from the borehole or from the surrounding earth formation for testing
or measuring purposes.

(1)Note. The manner of taking the sample may be the taking of
a core during drilling, collecting chips or cuttings dislodged by
drilling or removing a plug from the sidewall of previously formed borehole,
but these steps must be set forth as earth sampling steps to be
classified in this subclass.

(2)Note. Sampling apparatus as such is difficult, in some instances,
to distinguish from similar nonsampling apparatus and thus apparatus
has been classified not on the function of sampling but on its drilling
or boring function in general. Only in those instances where the
sampling feature is a distinguishing characteristic have the patents
been so classified.

This subclass is indented under subclass 58. Processes comprising the step of (1) maintaining the natural
fluid content of the earth sample or (2) taking a discrete sample
of the fluid occurring in the borehole or its surrounding earth
formations.

(1)Note. Processes including the step of taking a single sample
comprising a solid and liquid, as for example a sample of drill
cuttings and drilling fluid, are not included in this subclass unless
there is some additional step of maintaining the natural fluid content
of the solid earth portion of the sample.

This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes comprising drilling or forming a borehole in which
the axis of the borehole is (1) curved or arcuate, (2) two straight
line portions intersecting at an angle or (3) a straight line portion
and a curved portion.

(1)Note. Processes of reaming or enlarging the diameter of a
borehole or cutting slots longitudinally of the borehole are not
included.

Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclasses 10+ for a process of recovering valuable material from
the earth or disintegrating hard material in situ and including forming
horizontal tunnels.

Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 138+ for a method or apparatus for forming a lined tunnel;
and subclass 154.1 for a method or apparatus of laying, retrieving,
manipulating, or treating a pipe or cable in a subterranean or submarine
location.

This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes comprising (1) introducing a material into a borehole
to react chemically with the in situ earth formation to form the
borehole or (2) introducing a material into the borehole during
drilling to react chemically with a material present in the drilling
fluid.

(1)Note. The term "during drilling" is defined
as that period in which the actual drilling or hole making step
is in progress and does not include the whole period of time required
to form a completed bore in which actual hole making operations
may have been temporarily stopped numerous times.

(2)Note. Drilling fluids generally deposit a cake or mud sheath
upon the wall of a bore. Such deposits are not considered cementing,
plugging or consolidating in the sense used in the definition of
Class 166, subclass 285. However, when one step of a cementing process
is done during drilling, as by adding one constituent of a resin
type cement in the drilling fluid while drilling, and another step
is performed after drilling has stopped, as by adding the remaining
constituent of the resin cement, such a process is considered to
be performed while drilling has been interrupted and is classified
in Class 166 subclasses 285+.

This subclass is indented under subclass 57. Processes comprising providing a liquid or gaseous material
in a borehole to facilitate the making of such borehole.

(1)Note. Since the use of some fluid in drilling is almost universal
in this art, patents to be classified in this subclass must specifically
describe some step involving more than the conventional use of fluid,
for example, merely pumping or circulating fluid or screening cuttings
from the fluid would be excluded but steps involving specifically described
constituents of the fluid would be included.

(2)Note. The fluid may be for the purpose of lubricating the
drill, removing the cuttings, preventing collapse of the bore wall,
etc.

Wells,
subclasses 285+ for cementing, plugging or consolidating in a well
and particularly Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class in
the class definition of Class 166 for the line with Class 175 concerning drilling
with fluid and cementing drilling with fluid and cementing and subclass
300 for placing two or more materials into a well which chemically
react with each other.

Earth Boring, Well Treating, and Oil Field Chemistry,
subclasses 100+ for well drilling compositions and earth boring
processes which involve no more than the mere use of such compositions
or a compound.

Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, appropriate subclasses, particularly Class 523,
subclasses 130+ for a composition containing a synthetic resin or
natural rubber having utility in sealing fissures or crevices in
stone, rock or other subterranean formations or in consolidating
a formation in a well or in cementing a well or to processes or
preparing said composition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Processes comprising the step of subjecting drilling fluid
which has been returned to the surface of the earth from the borehole
to a physical or chemical treatment at the surface.

(1)Note. The treatment at the surface must include more than
the mere addition of a material which is to be effective down the
borehole, such as adding material to a gaseous drilling fluid to
prevent wetting of cuttings or to a liquid drilling fluid to prevent
lost circulation, see subclasses 68 and 72, respectively.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Processes comprising the making of a borehole or the performance
of a reaming operation by the use of a stream of pressurized fluid
to dislodge the earth formation.

(1)Note. Practically all drilling operations which use a circulating
drilling fluid have jets in the drill head to wash loose cuttings
away from the drill during operation and the claiming of such jetting
or washing steps, even without the claiming of a step of using a
drill, are excluded from this subclass.

Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclasses 55+ for the formation of an underground fluid storage
cavity including a step of means for delivering a stream of pressurized
fluid to form or enlarge the cavity; subclass 226 for a method of
embedding a marine structure in the bed of a body of water using
fluid jets; and subclass 248 for a pile with fluid jet means to assist
in sinking or positioning the pile.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Processes comprising the step of treating a gaseous drilling
fluid with a material to prevent the agglomerating or wetting by
liquid occurring naturally in the borehole of the cuttings loosened
during drilling.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Processes comprising the use of liquid and gaseous materials
as the fluid circulated in the borehole.

(1)Note. Processes in which a gas under pressure is provided
over a liquid drilling fluid wherein the gas is not circulated through
the drill or through fluid in the bottom of the borehole are not included.
See this class subclass 71.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Processes comprising drilling with two or more liquids which
remain separated in the borehole due to their mutual immiscibility,
difference in specific gravities, manner of placement in the borehole,
or other characteristics.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Processes comprising (1) drilling with a gaseous fluid as
the circulating drilling fluid or (2) the placing of a gas under
pressure in the borehole during drilling either along or over a
liquid drilling fluid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 65. Processes comprising the step of treating a subsurface earth
formation during drilling (1) to prevent the loss of drilling fluid
into such formation or (2) to prevent the earth formation of the
bore wall from collapsing into the earth bore.

MEANS TRAVELING WITH TOOL TO CONSTRAIN TOOL TO BORE ALONG CURVED
PATH:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means carried by or movable with a
tool while drilling to cause the tool to drill a bore or segment
of a bore having a nonlinear axis.

(1)Note. Tools which are asymmetrical in shape or which have
a means biasing them laterally of a bore and which would enlarge
the bore in a lateral direction if rotated are not included even
though they are disclosed as bore deflection tools when used as
impact devices, see this class subclasses 398+ for such devices.

This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus wherein the means for causing the tool to drill
a curved bore comprises a tool shaft or a means adapted to direct
the course of the tool which is made up of units or segments, generally
pivotally connected to one another, movable to be positioned at
an angle to one another in the direction of the bore axis and means
engageable with the segments to hold them in their angularly related
position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus wherein the means to cause the tool to bore a
curved hole comprises a member to direct the tool or a shaft for
driving the tool which has or is formed to assume a nonlinear shape
in the direction of boring.

This subclass is indented under subclass 73. Apparatus wherein the means for causing the tool to drill
a curved bore comprises means carried by the tool or tool shaft
at points axially spaced along the bore axis and extending in opposite
directions laterally from the tool or tool shaft to engage the bore
wall.

(1)Note. One of the bore wall engaging means may comprise an
annular means surrounding the tool or tool shaft.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means for cutting the earth which cuts
without requiring rotation of the cutting means about an axis coincident with
its direction of advance, said cutting means being fed from an inaccessible
hole.

(1)Note. For the meaning of "inaccessible hole",
see the class definition.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a supporting or carrying means insertable
in an inaccessible hole, said supporting or carrying means providing
a housing with an opening for the boring tool, and means is provided
in the housing to advance the tool from the housing through the opening
in a direction at an angle to the path of travel of the housing
on being inserted in the inaccessible hole.

(1)Note. For the meaning of "inaccessible hole",
see the class definition.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a tool shaft and a means engageably
by the shaft as the shaft is advanced to change the direction of
advance of the shaft, said means being insertable in an inaccessible
hole.

(1)Note. For the meaning of "inaccessible hole",
see the class definition.

Wells,
subclass 55.3for apparatus for perforating or cutting a slot
in a well casing having a cam or wedge actuated cutter, subclass
100 for lateral probes or seals engaging a well wall which have
similar structure and subclasses 117.5+ for lateral diverting means
(e.g., whipstocks, etc.) for tools, per se, which are used in wells or
boreholes.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Apparatus in which the means changing the direction of advance
comprises a rod or mandrel having a shaft engaging surface which
is set in the hole at an angle to the original direction of advance,
the shaft receiving the rod or mandrel in a telescoping relationship
to be guided in a different direction thereby.

This subclass is indented under subclass 79. Apparatus in which the means changing the direction of advance
has combined therewith means to engage or penetrate a side wall
of the hole to resist movement of the direction changing means either
longitudinally or radially of the hole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 82. Apparatus in which the means changing the direction of advance
and the tool shaft are provided with means for preventing their
relative rotation which is manipulable, usually by relative longitudinal
movement, to permit relative rotation therebetween.

(1)Note. A mere shearable pin or bolt or other frangible connector
between the redirecting means and the tool is excluded and will
be found in subclass 82.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein the apparatus is provided with means normally
positioned above the ground (e.g., outside the borehole, etc.) to clean
the apparatus or some portion thereof. Said cleaning means may
include wiping, scraping, brushing or flushing with a fluid.

(1)Note. A mere conduit for cleaning or drilling fluid is not
considered to be a means to clean the tool shaft.

for a fluid or cuttings directing or receiving means
engaging the bore entrance, through which extends a tool shaft,
and a seal means between said means and the tool shaft which allows
axial movement of said tool shaft relative to said means.

WITH ORIENTING OR RACKING MEANS FOR UNCONNECTED TOOLS OR
SECTIONS OF SHAFT OR CASING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including (1) a means to cause the movement of
unconnected tools, rods, tubings, or casing in a direction lateral
to the bore axis and to and/or from a position in vertical alignment
with the bore axis or (2) a structure particularly adapted to store
unconnected tools, rods, tubings, or casings and which is laterally spaced
from vertical alignment with the bore axis, (i.e., fourble board).

(1)Note. The term "unconnected" is defined
as meaning that the tool, rods, tubing, or casing are not assembled
in drilling relationship with the drive or advancing means, for
example. However, the tool may be connected to a section of rod,
or several sections of rod, tubing, or casing may be connected together
as a unit and considered "unconnected" for classification
in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with means positioned within a hole being
bored for supporting, enclosing, protecting or otherwise accommodating
a person in the hole while it is being bored.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus adapted to perform functions other than earth
boring or to perform an earth boring function in a different manner
in response to (1) removal of a significant portion of the apparatus
and/or (2) installation of additional parts or (3) by substantial
rearrangement of the existing parts.

(1)Note. Many patents in this art disclose substituting one
form of tool reciprocating device for another type. Such structure
has been excluded as not performing an earth boring function in
a different manner for the purpose of this definition and will be
found below.

(2)Note. Merely rendering parts (which are present in the apparatus)
operative or inoperative by a manual adjustment or by actuation
of a control mechanism (e.g., clutch, etc.) have been excluded as not
constituting a substantial rearrangement of existing parts for the
purpose of this subclass.

(3)Note. Merely replacing one type of earth boring tool or cutter
element with a different type of earth boring tool or cutter element
has been excluded since it is common in this art to interchange
tools depending on the type of formation encountered. However, substituting
a tool or element which has no earth boring function for an earth
boring tool has been included.

(4)Note. The change in the apparatus must include more than
merely adjusting or reversing a part which has no material effect
on the overall functioning of the apparatus. Such structure is
classified below as indicated by the search notes.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which an above ground means is provided to
transport cuttings in a direction perpendicular to the borehole
axis which does not require conveying by a fluid current, such means
comprising an endless or screw conveyor, open chute or vehicle,
but not including a tubular conduit which is utilized in a fluid
system.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a cutting means is carried through recurring
cycles on a driven member forming a closed circuit, said member composed
of a rope, cable, chain, hinged elements, or like structure.

(1)Note. This subclass does not include apparatus in which the
support for the flexible or articulated endless member is adapted
to be moved laterally relative to the bore axis as the cutter cuts
unless the lateral movement of said support takes place entirely
below ground. Compare Classes 37, 172 and 299 for apparatus for
forming a ditch, furrow, or kerf.

This subclass is indented under subclass 89. Apparatus in which a flexible or articulated member is carried
on a support which is adapted to move all or a portion of said member
radially relative to the axis of the bore to undercut or slot the
wall of the borehole.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which (1) a single cutting means rotating through
recurring cycles, or (2) a combination of cutting means carried
on a common support and including at least one cutting means rotating
through recurring cycles, is particularly adapted to form in a single
advance a bore which is noncircular in a plane perpendicular to
the bore axis.

(1)Note. Included in this subclass, for example, are a pair
of rotating cutters forming a pair of overlapping, circular bores.

Mining or In Situ Disintegration of Hard Material,
subclasses 29+ for a mining machine which may include a rotary
cutter and form a noncircular opening and subclasses 79.1+ for
a cutter which may be rotary and adapted to form a noncircular opening.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a means adapted to drive a boring tool
through recurring cycles comprising a means commonly called a motor which
is adapted to convert a source of energy into simple mechanical
motion, said motor being so related to the boring tool that it enters the
borehole and advances with the boring tool as the boring tool performs
its earth boring function.

(1)Note. The boring means including the motor need not be claimed
as being located in the borehole. The mere disclosure that the
boring means is of the type in which the drive motor for the tool advances
into the bore with the tool is sufficient for classification in
this subclass.

(2)Note. Mere subsurface mechanical motion converting boring
tool drive means, such as for example, vanes on a tool shaft which
contact the fluid in the borehole and causes the tool to rotate
as the shaft is reciprocated are not considered motors for this
subclass.

(3)Note. A compilation of all types of motors will be found
in the notes to the class definition of Class 60.

Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for a means for driving or impacting
a tool, not limited to a specific art. If means, such as specific shape
of the work contacting portion of an earth boring tool, bore engaging guide
or anchor, etc., are included, classification will be in Class 175.

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus in which (1) the motor is fluid operated, and
means are provided within the borehole for generating or imparting
energy to the motive fluid, (2) means are provided within the borehole
for storing a source of motivating energy for operating the motor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus including means positioned within the borehole
which functions to feed the tool in the boring operation with, or
relative to, the tool drive means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Apparatus wherein the tool is composed of a plurality of
relatively movable cutting elements, each of said cutting elements
being driven by a separate motor.

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus in which the motor is fluid operated and means
are provided for exhausting a portion of the fluid which operates
the motor from the motor or motor housing into the bore in a direction
extending toward the bore entrance.

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus in which the motor is a rotary type motor supported
by a rotatable shaft extending into the bore, and in addition to
the motor is a means provided for connecting said rotatable support
shaft to the tool in a driving relationship.

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus including means located within the bore for removing
cuttings from the bore comprising either (1) an endless flexible
carrier or (2) a means to induce fluent flow (e.g., pump or helical
screw, etc.).

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus including means (e.g., gearing, linkage or cam,
etc.) for modifying the direction, location or advantage relationship
of simple mechanical motion, said means being drivingly interposed
between the motor and the tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 92. Apparatus in which said motor includes an element provided
with means upon which a fluid may act to cause a nonreversing motion
of said element about an axis.

COMMON DRIVE OR ADVANCING MEANS FOR CONCURRENTLY BORING
ALONG LATERALLY SPACED AXES:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a single means which directly contacts,
or is connected through a gearing or otherwise, to at least two boring
tools, and the means functions to drive or advance the boring tools
along different axes.

WITH MEANS TO SIMULTANEOUSLY FEED AND ROTATE TOOL FROM
A SINGLE MECHANICAL ELEMENT:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means by which a boring tool is simultaneously
rotated and fed along the boring axis by a drive originating from
one mechanical movement.

(1)Note. Separate drive and feed motors which are actuated by
a common source (e.g., fluid pressure motors having common supply
pump, etc.) are excluded from this subclass, and are classified
in the appropriate feed or drive subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus in which the mechanical movement, or means coupling
the mechanical movement to the rotary drive and/or feed
is adapted to rotate the tool at a uniform speed while permitting
(1) complete disconnection of the feed drive or (2) a change in
the speed at which the tool is being fed into the work.

This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Apparatus in which a means is provided to anchor some part
of the feed means into the wall which is being bored, whereby the
anchor is adapted to directly resist the reactionary pull of the
feeding force.

(1)Note. The "earth wall being bored", is defined
as a generally flat surface, (i.e., the face of the earth or a substantially planar
or curved section not exceeding 90° of the side or bottom
of a crevice or shaft) into which the bore is being formed, the
anchor being usually located in the bore, or at some point closely
adjacent the mouth of the bore.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with an above ground hammer to deliver,
or cause to be delivered an impact or blow to an earth boring means.

(1)Note. For classification in this subclass the impact or blow
must be delivered to a portion of the earth penetrating means and
not directly to the earth formation. For example, an above ground
hammer for delivering an impact or blow to an earth penetrating
means is classified herein, but an earth penetrating means which
is reciprocated to deliver a blow to the formation is excluded.

WITH ABOVE-GROUND MEANS TO MOVE TOOL TO A DUMPING LOCATION
OFFSET FROM BORE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a means located above ground which is
adapted to shift a means lifting earth material from a borehole
to a position remote from the bore axis for the purpose of discharging
said material at said remote location.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a means necessarily located above ground
which functions to feed the tool in the boring operation.

(1)Note. For the meaning of "feed" see the class
definition.

(2)Note. A handle for directly applying force to a tool shaft
without a mechanical motion conversion is excluded. However, a
simple relatively movable lever or gear for example would be included
even though operated by hand.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a means adapted to drive a boring tool
through recurring cycles comprising (1) a means commonly called
a motor which is adapted to convert a source of energy into simple
mechanical motion or (2) a means adapted to modify the direction,
location, or advantage relationship of simple mechanical motion
(e.g., gear or lever, etc.).

(1)Note. A compilation of all types of motors will be found
in the notes to the class definition of Class 60.

Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclass for a device to drive a tool,
where no feature is included to make the device peculiar to a specific art,
such as specific shape of the work contacting portion of the tool,
etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus including a drive means for a tool which is particularly
adapted to installing a separate casing, or a means is specified
in addition to the tool drive means for the purpose of installing
a casing.

Hydraulic and Earth Engineering,
subclass 133for a method or apparatus for forming a shaft with
a lining; subclasses 138+ for a means or method of forming
a lined tunnel; subclass 154.1 for a method or apparatus for laying,
retrieving, manipulating, or treating a pipe or cable in a subterranean
or submarine location; and subclasses 232+ for a method
or apparatus for installing a hollow pile shell in the earth.

This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus including material transport elements mounted
to travel in a circuitous path on a flexible or articulated endless
means, and generally for the purpose of conveying cuttings above
ground.

This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in which means are provided to simultaneously
or consecutively move in a different manner, plural shafts which
extend into a bore; the shafts generally consist of two tool drive
shafts, or a tool drive shaft and a tool actuating shaft.

This subclass is indented under subclass 170. Apparatus in which the drive is of the type commonly called
a rotary table, such drive being adapted to remain relatively axially
fixed while the tool shaft being rotated thereby advances relative
to the rotary table.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising the combination of a tool having relatively
movable tool elements and a means necessarily remaining outside
the mouth of the bore, which is adapted to be actuated to cause
relative movement between the tool elements, while the tool is located
within the bore.

(1)Note. The tool elements must be positively relatively moved
by the moving means to be classified herein. Those tool elements
which are relatively moved by the manipulation of a tool drive shaft only,
relative to which they are movably attached (e.g., centrifugal,
or bottom engagement expansion, etc.) are excluded from this subclass.

(2)Note. Structure in addition to a mere connecting rod or cable
must be claimed as the above ground means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means located above ground to move a
tool, shaft, or any other portion of the boring means in one direction
along the axis of the bore or (2) to counterbalance or offset a
portion of the weight resting on the tool.

(1)Note. For classification in this subclass the above ground
means to advance or retract the boring means must include more than
a mere handle which is held by an operator to support or move the tool
toward or away from the bore.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means which are provided for bringing
a stream of gaseous fluid above atmospheric pressure into intimate
contact with a body of drilling liquid which liquid is intended
to be introduced or directed into a borehole.

(1)Note. Gaseous fluid at normal atmospheric pressure is not
considered as "pressurized", for the purposes
of this subclass. However, a statement that a stream consists of
compresses gas is sufficient to cause classification herein.

WITH ABOVE-GROUND MEANS FOR PREPARING OR SEPARATING DRILLING
FLUID CONSTITUENTS:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including above ground means by which the drilling
fluid is (1) formed or acted upon prior to or during insertion into
the borehole to bring about a change in a physical or chemical property
or (2) acted upon after the fluid leaves the borehole to remove,
separate or subtract substances, including cuttings, from said fluid.

(1)Note. Means for causing entrainment of cuttings in the drilling
fluid are not considered to be drilling fluid treating for the purpose
of this subclass. However, separating the cuttings from said fluid
is classifiable herein.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including means located outside the mouth of the
borehole to conduct or circulate drilling fluid or cuttings to or
from the borehole.

(1)Note. A tool shaft is not considered to be above ground apparatus
for the purposes of this subclass even though a section of the shaft
may be recited as above ground in a claim. However, if structure is
claimed which is disclosed as always functioning above ground (e.g.,
supporting swivel, or pipe section larger than the completed bore),
the patent will be classified herein even though the structural element
is nominally claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus provided with means sealingly engageable with
the mouth of the bore and having means to receive a tool shaft therethrough and
adapted to (1) catch or contain material which is emerging from
the bore or (2) change the direction of movement or flow of material which
is emerging from the bore.

Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning,
subclasses 300.1+ for air blast and/or suction cleaners
combined with a fluid cuttings directing or receiving means adapted
to engage a bore entrance. Class 175 takes the combination of such
means with earth boring means. The inclusion in a claim of structure
adapted to support or receive a tool shaft is sufficient for classification
in Class 175.

This subclass is indented under subclass 209. Apparatus in which the collecting or diverting means is
mounted on a tool shaft and means are provided to restrain the same
against axial movement in one direction along said tool shaft.

This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus including a pumping means, the low pressure side
or intake of which is in direct communication with the bottom of
the borehole.

(1)Note. This material generally relates to which is commonly
called "reverse circulation", that is, the direction
of flow is opposite to normal drilling circulation in which the
pressure side of a pump forces fluid from the bottom of a borehole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus comprising a tool shaft having a fluid head secured
to the end thereof located above ground said head being provided
with an axially extending passage which is intersected by a generally
perpendicular passage extending from the axially extending passage
to the exterior of the head, and having a seal located in the head
which is adapted to cooperate with a means movable through the axial
passage, or the perpendicular passage and one end of the axial passage.

(1)Note. Generally the means reciprocable in the head may consist
of a core barrel, or a wire line for retrieving a core barrel.

This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus including a substantially vertical conduit means
which is usually either part of, attached to, or adjacent a derrick,
and which is used to conduit fluid from a point located near ground
level to a fluid handling element fixed at one end of an axially
movable tool shaft.

WITH PARTICULAR ACCOMMODATION FOR PERSONNEL (E.G., SEAT
OR PROTECTOR):

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the device is provided with a means to
support or shelter an attendant (e.g., a seat, platform or cover
means, etc.) or the device is provided with a safety means to protect
the attendant from injury (e.g., a hand guard, etc.).

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a means located outside the bore entrance
which is adapted to remain relatively axially stationary and pilot
or direct a tool or means actuating or supporting a tool, as the
tool advances during the boring operation.

Tool Driving or Impacting, appropriate subclasses for a means to drive or impact a
tool which may include a means to guide the tool or drive, and particularly
subclasses 39+ for such means combined with means to adjust the
position of the axis of tool advance.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a substantially undisturbed sample of
the formation is covered or coated with (1) a material which is
fed into the sample receiver and applied to the sample as the sample
is being taken to enclose or form a cover therefor or (2) a fluent
material which is applied to the sample to enclose or coat a portion
thereof.

(1)Note. The fluent material under part (2) must be some fluent
material other than the drilling fluid.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the tool, tool shaft or tool housing
is provided with a means to retain and/or supply a friction
reducing fluid or grease to the cutter or formation disintegrating member
or a portion thereof (e.g., the bearings of a rolling cutter, etc.).

(1)Note. Drilling fluid is not considered to be a friction reducing
fluid or grease under this definition. Patents in which the drilling
fluid is used to lubricate the tool will be found below.

(2)Note. Structure including specific ducts, passages or a means
separate from the drilling fluid passages, if disclosed for the
purpose of supplying a friction reducing fluid which is distinct
from the drilling fluid is included.

Bearings,
subclass 93for bearing structure with lubrication means which
are adapted for use in roller-type rock drill bits and only enough support
structure for the bearing and lubrications means. A broadly recited roller
cutter bit which may be part of the bearing support, but if the
cutting means has any details of how it cutters shape of cutting
teeth, etc. Class 175 is the proper place.

This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus in which the friction reducing fluid is supplied
or fed to the cutter or a portion thereof by a fluid pressure or
fluid flow operated means usually the fluid pressure or flow of the
drilling fluid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 227. Apparatus in which the friction reducing fluid is supplied
or fed to the cutter or portion thereof by means actuated by the
rotation of the tool or the cutter.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which the tool, tool shaft or housing is provided
with a means which is adapted to expand laterally to engage the
wall of the borehole or casing to resist or prevent the movement
of the tool, tool shaft or housing or a portion thereof due to the
action of gravity or a lifting force.

WITH MEANS MOVABLE RELATIVE TO TOOL BELOW GROUND TO CONTROL
ECCENTRIC FLUID EMISSION:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a means which is movable relative to
a tool while the tool is below ground to change the direction of
flow nonsymmetrically relative to the bore axis of fluid discharging
from the tool, usually to alter the direction of boring.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a means which is movable below ground
relative to a tool or to a part of a tool, whereby the movable means
will substantially block the flow of material toward the bottom
of the bore, said movable means either blocking the bore, or a passage
in the tool or tool shaft.

(1)Note. For classification herein, the flow stopping means
must be described as capable of at least preventing the downward
flow of fine material such as sand or silt.

(2)Note. If the flow stopping means comprises a line pressure
responsive device or check valve, the valve must be capable of stopping
downward flow when higher pressure exists on the upper side thereof.

This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in which the movable means seals, or cooperates
with another means to seal a sample collecting chamber at the pressure which
exists at the bottom of the bore.

This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in which at least two surfaces are spaced along
the bore axis, said surfaces being adapted to cooperate with relatively
movable flow stopping means.

(1)Note. The longitudinally spaced valve seats may both cooperate
with a single movable means, and may be engaged to stop either upward
or downward flow.

This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in which the movable means is located in a means
to receive a sample of the formation (undisturbed core, cuttings,
etc.), and said sample receiving means is adapted to be taken above
ground while the shaft which drives the tool remains in the borehole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in which the movable means comprises an element
which is described as being released in the tool shaft after said
shaft is in the borehole to travel through a portion of said shaft
to flow stopping position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus comprising the combination of a relatively movable,
flow stopping means and structure adapted to admit and substantially encompass
a cylinder of earth formation as it is being defined by an annular
type bit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 239. Apparatus in which the movable means is adapted to admit
the core of material to the core receiver, and then move to flow
stopping position to block movement of the core toward bore bottom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 232. Apparatus in which (1) the movable means is held in a position
by a resilient means such as spring or (2) the movable means is
composed for flexible material such as rubber (e.g., flap valve,
etc.).

WITH MEANS MOVABLE RELATIVE TO TOOL TO RECEIVE, RETAIN,
OR SEVER UNDISTURBED CORE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a means which, during normal operation,
is displaceable or rotatable relative to the working face of a tool,
said means being adapted to have physical contact with a core of
material such as is formed by a core type bit to (1) accommodate
the core as it is formed, (2) grasp the core after it is formed, or
(3) cut or break the already formed core from the formation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus in which the movable means comprises an element
initially closing the core receiving opening in the tool, said means
being moved away from the working face of the tool as the core is
formed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 244. Apparatus in which the movable means comprises a structure
adapted to cooperate with a tool and hollow tool shaft to receive
a core as it is taken, said structure and core then being readily
lifted above ground through the center of the tool shaft while the
tool shaft remains in the borehole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Apparatus in which (1) a fluid pressure operated means or
surface is provided to move a core receiver toward above ground
or (2) a means latching the core barrel in the tool shaft is actuated
to engaged or released position by fluid pressure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 246. Apparatus in which the core receiver is provided with a
cutting edge or element which is adapted to participate in the forming
of a core of undisturbed material.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Apparatus in which a relative movement between the tool
and tool shaft (1) moves the core retaining or severing means into
engagement with the core or (2) releases the core retaining or severing
means so that they can move into core engagement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Apparatus including a means to positively hold the core
retaining or severing means out of core contact position until a
certain condition or manipulation takes place, said holding means generally
being deactivated upon the formation of a substantial length of
core.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Apparatus in which the retaining or severing means moves
toward the longitudinal axis of the core by swinging movement about
a pivot axis which is substantially transverse to the longitudinal
axis of the core.

(1)Note. The pivot axis may shift during the pivotal movement
of the retaining or severing means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 249. Apparatus in which the retaining or severing means is moved
toward the longitudinal axis of the core due to wedge like action
upon relative bodily longitudinal sliding movement between surfaces
on the retaining or severing means and the tool.

Brakes, particularly
subclass 67for brake (e.g., a clasp, etc.) mechanically connected
to a relatively stationary structure and which holds a pipe or rod
at various locations along the pipe’s or rod’s
length for short quick linear assembly or disassembly during a work
or manufacturing operation, or preparation to a working operation done
by the pipe, rod, or a pipe supported tool.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a tool shaft having sections which
are joined together by means permitting relative movement transverse
to the longitudinal axis thereof, as by pivoting, and a means which
normally holds the two sections of shafting in their angular or
bent condition and which may be rendered inoperable to permit the
two shaft sections to assume in aligned position.

(1)Note. The releasable means is generally released by the engagement
of the tool with the bottom of the borehole.

TOOL REMOVABLE OR INSERTABLE THROUGH OR AROUND DRIVING
OR DRIVEN SHAFT OR CASING:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a tool and a shaft or casing to drive
the tool or be driven by the tool, said tool being adapted to be
connected to or disconnected from driving relation with the shaft
or casing by movement either (1) through the inside of said shaft
or casing or (2) externally of the shaft or casing in the space between
the shaft or casing and the bore wall, the movement of the tool
being to or from a position below ground while the shaft or casing is
in the borehole and without the removal of the latter from the borehole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Apparatus in which a plurality of cutter elements are movable
through the shaft, said cutter elements being movable relative to
each other in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft
to an operative position in which the cutting edges of the cutter
elements lie in the same transverse plane perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis of the shaft.

This subclass is indented under subclass 258. Apparatus in which the shaft has an element or portion having
a surface which extends substantially longitudinally and radially
of the shaft and which is engaged by a portion of the cutter element
so that rotary motion about the shaft axis may be transmitted from
the shaft to the cutter element or from the cutter element to the
shaft.

(1)Note. For the purposes of this subclass the laterally movable
support for a rolling cutter, as defined in subclass 331, is considered
to be part of the cutter element since the rolling cutter element itself
could not have a torque transmitting surface engaging the shaft.

This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Apparatus in which the cutter element is carried by a bit
head and the shaft and bit head are also provided with mutually
engaging drive transmitting surfaces which transmit torque between
the shaft and bit head.

Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclass 86.34for a nominally claimed earth boring means for
cutting away earth or rock or a means for removing loose material
or metal around a stuck object (e.g., a section of drill pipe) in
a borehole combined with means for retrieving the object.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a cutter element carried on a shaft
or bit head by means which permits or causes the cutter element
to move relative to the shaft or bit head in a direction transverse
to the bore axis while the shaft or bit head and cutter element
are below ground.

(1)Note. When the laterally shiftable cutter element comprises
a rolling cutter bit element as defined in subclass 331 the lateral
shifting movement of the cutter element for classification in this
subclass must consist of a movement other than that due to the normal
cycle of rotation of the rolling cutter element about its rolling
axis. Thus a rolling cutter element which normally rolls about
an axis and partakes of a cyclic eccentric motion with a lateral
component is not included under this definition but will be found below
in subclass 343 for example.

Expanded, Threaded, Driven Headed, Tool-Deformed,
or Locked-Threaded Fastener,
subclasses 29+ for expansible anchors provided with cutting teeth
for the formation of the bore in which the anchor is to be expanded.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which the cutter element moves outwardly from
the shaft axis to operative position and a means is provided which
is detachable from the cutter element or bit head and which is temporarily
attached to the cutter element above ground to hold the cutter element in
an inward or collapsed position, usually to facilitate insertion
of the cutter element in the borehole, said means being removed
and remaining above ground when the cutter element is placed in
the borehole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which a plurality of cutter elements are provided,
said cutter elements being movable relative to each other in the
direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft to an operative
position in which the cutting edges of the cutter elements lie in
the same transverse plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
of the shaft.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which a plurality of laterally movable cutter
elements are provided and means are also provided which permits
one of said cutter elements to move laterally while another laterally
movable cutter element is temporarily held against such movement.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is moved laterally by means of a fluid under pressure acting against
the cutter element or a below ground part attached thereto.

(1)Note. Devices which have a specific description of a fluid
jet acting directly on the cutter element to assist in moving it
laterally have been classified in this subclass only when the nozzle
or outlet for the fluid has been claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Apparatus in which a part is provided which is specifically
described as being dropped from above ground to an operative position
below ground, said part functioning to cause operation of the fluid
shifting means, for example, by (1) operating a latch, (2) providing
a fluid reacting surface or (3) operating a valve or other means
to permit movement of the cutter element.

(1)Note. Patents are classified in this subclass which specifically
describe the part as being a dropped element even though no such
recitation is made in the claims provided the part itself is claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 267. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
or part acted on by the pressure fluid is also acted upon by a resilient
means urging the cutter element or part in a direction opposite
to that exerted by the pressure fluid.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is moved laterally by means of a part which is specifically described
as being dropped from above ground to an operative position below
ground.

(1)Note. Patents are classified in this subclass which specifically
describe the part as being a dropped element even though no such
recitation is made in the claims provided the part itself is claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is held in one position, either expanded or collapsed, by a movable
latch member, said latch member being moved by (1) a fluid under
pressure acting against the latch or a part connected thereto or
(2) engaging a part which is specifically described as being dropped
from above ground to an operative position below ground.

(1)Note. Patents are classified in this subclass which specifically
describe the latch as being operated by fluid pressure or a dropped
element even though no such recitation is made in the claims provided
the part on which fluid pressure directly acts on the dropped element itself
is claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is connected to a pair of elements having cooperating screw threaded
portions, said elements being relatively movable in a direction
parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft due to the action
of the screw threads to cause the cutter element to move laterally.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is connected to a cam or gear which is mounted to rotate about an
axis substantially coincident with the longitudinal axis of the shaft
so that relative movement of the cam or gear and the shaft about
said axis will cause the cutter element to move laterally relative
to the shaft.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is moved by a mechanism which is biased by a resilient means to
move the cutter element to its operative position.

(1)Note. A mechanism for classification in this subclass includes
a system of parts having a link, cam or similar element between
the cutter element and the resilient means but a simple link connecting a
cutter element and a spring is excluded, see subclass 291 below.

This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Apparatus combined with a movable member which is separate
from the laterally movable cutter element and which engages the
cutter element or some part of the resiliently biased mechanism
to hold the cutter element in one position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 277. Apparatus in which the movable latch member also acts on
the mechanism to cause the mechanism to be moved to its inactive
or inoperative position to permit retraction of the cutter element.

(1)Note. Generally the latch member engages the lower end of
a casing when it is desired to retract the cutter element by lifting
the shaft and cutter element and this motion causes the latch member to
move the spring mechanism to its inoperative or inactive position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Apparatus in which the shaft or bit head is provided with
a cam or gear element other than the cutter element which is movable
thereon, said element having a portion which engages the laterally
movable cutter element or a part connected thereto to cause the
cutter element to be moved.

This subclass is indented under subclass 279. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is carried on a bit head or shaft which has a portion extending
inwardly toward the axis of the shaft and forward of the cutter
element in the direction of boring and which has no cutting function.

This subclass is indented under subclass 274. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is carried on the bit head or shaft so that the cutter element is
bodily movable generally longitudinally relative to the bit head
or shaft to cause movement of the cutter element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Apparatus comprising a plurality of laterally movable cutter
elements which move outwardly from the longitudinal axis of the
bit head or shaft to operative position and a single socket or recess
on the bit head or shaft which receives in abutting relation a portion
of each cutter element when they have been moved to operative position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 281. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is carried on a bit head or shaft which has a portion extending
inwardly toward the axis of the bit and forward of the cutter element in
the direction of boring and which has no cutting function.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which the cutter element is moved laterally
by the relative bodily movement of a plurality of parts carried
by the bit head or shaft, which parts move relative to each other
in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

(1)Note. One of the parts may be the cutter element itself or
one of the parts may be a fixed portion of the bit head or shaft.

(2)Note. The mere pivoting of a cutter element on the bit head
or shaft about a fixed pivot is not included since there is no bodily
relative movement as required by the above definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is moved by a link or element which is pivotally connected to the
cutter element and one of the relatively longitudinally movable parts.

This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Apparatus in which one of the relatively longitudinally
movable parts comprises the transversely movable cutter element
and another of the parts comprises a cam or gear element having
a portion engaging the cutter element so that as the parts move
longitudinally relative to each other the cutter element will be
moved transversely of the bit head.

This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus combined with a movable member which is separate
from the laterally movable cutter element or the cam or gear and
which engages a portion of the movable parts to hold the cutter
element in the position in which it is displaced laterally of the
bit head the maximum distance from the longitudinally axis of the
bit head or shaft.

(1)Note. A latch is considered to be separate from the cutter
element, cam or gear for the purposes of this definition even though
it may be formed as a unitary part of these elements if its latching
function is independent of the action which moves the cutter element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is carried on the bit head or shaft so that the cutter element moves
generally longitudinally relative to the bit head or shaft to cause
the movement of the cutter element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is resiliently urged to move laterally of the bit head or shaft
in the direction in which the cutter element would be in an inoperative or
noncutting position.

This subclass is indented under subclass 263. Apparatus in which the laterally movable cutter element
is pivotally mounted on the bit head or shaft to swing about an
axis which substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft.

for rolling cutters which are eccentrically mounted
on a longitudinal axis and which may be so positioned when inoperative
to pass through a casing or bore of smaller diameter than the cutters
will cut when operative.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising (1) a reciprocable member positioned
below ground adapted to cause a sudden jar shock or hammer below
to the boring apparatus or (2) two telescoping members positioned
below ground which members are capable of axial reciprocation with
respect to each other and are provided with means to limit said
reciprocation, the means for limiting reciprocation being for the purpose
of causing an impact or hammer blow or jar to the boring apparatus
or a portion thereof.

(1)Note. The jarring function must be specifically described
for classification in this subclass and not left to inference; mere
telescoping tool shaft sections which are not disclosed as for the
purpose of impacting or jarring a portion of the apparatus below
ground are classified below as indicated by the search notes.

(2)Note. For classification in this subclass the impact or blow
must be delivered to a portion of the boring means and not directly
to the formation. For example, a below ground device for impacting
a bit is classified herein, but a bit which is reciprocated to deliver
a blow to the formation is excluded.

(3)Note. Elements such as tubes, rods or balls which are freely
dropped into a tool shaft from the surface to actuate a mechanism
or close or otherwise modify a passage located in a portion of a
tool or tool shaft located below ground are excluded even though
such devices may incidentally cause an impact or jar to the apparatus.
Such devices are classified on the basis of the individual functions performed.

(4)Note. As detailed in the class definition, C, and Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, Relationship to Other Classes
Which Include Subject Matter Closely Related to Class 175, B, subject matter
under this definition includes a below ground lost motion connection, per
se, or a below ground lost motion connection combined with a specific joint
for connecting the shaft or cable to an art device forming the subject
matter for another class. However, inclusion in a claim of specific
structure of an art device classified in another class will cause
classification in such other class.

Wells,
subclass 178for specific well structure classifiable, per se,
in Class 166 combined with a jar. However, a jar combined with
a packer or guide or a shaft being used in a boring operation is
classifiable in Class 175.

Tool Driving or Impacting,
subclasses 90+ and see the search notes therein for an impacting
device of general utility for imparting blows to a tool. The mere
location of an impacting device below ground in an earth bore does
not prevent classification in Class 173 but an impacting device
which is described as located below ground and is described as (1)
a lost motion connection in a tool shaft or cable or (2) is claimed
in combination with a specific earth boring means such as specific
work contacting tool structure, or a packer or guide on a shaft
being used in a boring operation is classified in Class 175.

Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements,
subclass 86.18for grapples adapted to function in a well combined
with a jar or impact means to effect a release of the grapple from engagement
with an object in a well bore, and subclass 86.23 for grapples adapted
to function in a well bore combined with a jar or impact means of
general utility within a well bore or similar earth opening. (Included herein
are grapples combined with impact means that function to firmly set
the grapple in engagement with an object in a well bore or with
impact means that function to drive upwardly to release a grapple
engaged object that is stuck within a well bore.)

This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus combined with a joint between two parts which
may be selectively uncoupled below ground independently of other
joints in the apparatus, such that one part may be left in the bore
while the other part is withdrawn therefrom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus in which the hammer or impact device comprises
an outer sleeve provided with cutting edges and mounted for longitudinal sliding
movement on a shaft, said shaft having a portion extending forwardly
of said sleeve which has a noncutting function.

This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus in which (1) the hammer or impact device is acted
upon and propelled by a body of fluid to deliver a blow (2) a body
of fluid acts directly upon the hammer or impact device, or on holding
means therefor to restrain said device against movement, and means
to relieve the device or holding means from the influence of the
restraining fluid to deliver a blow or (3) a means for holding the
hammer or impact device against movement is released by a body of
fluid to deliver a blow.

This subclass is indented under subclass 296. Apparatus in which said relieving means comprises a restricted
orifice through which said fluid may escape when placed under pressure to
allow unrestrained movement of said hammer or impact device after
a predetermined amount of said fluid has escaped.

This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus in which the telescoping members are provided
with means which cooperate to cause repetitive reciprocation of
said members relative to each other when one member is continuously
turned in the same direction about its axis.

for telescoping shaft sections of a nonjarring type
provided with cooperating means for reciprocating said sections
relative to each other when one of said sections is continuously rotated
in one direction.

This subclass is indented under subclass 293. Apparatus in which means are provided on one of the telescoping
members for engaging and holding the other member against axial
movement with said reciprocation limiting means in spaced relation,
said holding means being selectively releasable to allow relative
axial movement between the members.

This subclass is indented under subclass 300. Apparatus in which the holding means is adjustable to vary
the manner in which the holding means may be released or the force required
to effect release of the holding means.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including a means provided to fit over and protect
a cutting edge of a bit or cutter element from being damaged or
inflicting damage only while the bit or cutter element is not in
use, such means being necessarily removed or destroyed either before
or simultaneously with the commencement of boring.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a structure is supported or moved relative
to a bit or cutter element so that it will strip, wipe, scrape,
or break up adhering accumulations of mud or cuttings from a bit
or cutter element.

(1)Note. Since nearly all relatively moving or rolling cutter
elements which are adjacent to another cutter element inherently perform
a cleaning action, such structures have been excluded from this
subclass and are classified on other structure.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with means for separating solids from
earth fluid flowing into a well conduit.

(1)Note. The means for separating solids is generally known
as a well screen, strainer or filter and may comprise no more than
a pipe with a multiplicity of perforations therein. The important
factor determining classification in this subclass is the specific
description of the use of the means to permit naturally occurring
fluid in the earth formation to flow into a well conduit.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus claimed in combination with features other than
means to transmit motion to the formation penetrating means, or
means to remove cuttings from the bore, or means to conduct fluid
to the earth penetrating means and not provided for in any of the
preceding subclasses.

(1)Note. The means to transmit motion to the earth penetrating
means includes means to rotate, reciprocate, impact, feed or stabilize
the tool including the tool shaft.

(2)Note. The means to remove cuttings from the bore includes
mechanical conveying means or a fluid system which functions to
remove cuttings from the bore.

(3)Note. The means to conduct fluid to the tool includes conduits,
passages, apertures, valves or closures including packers positioned
between the tool shaft and bore wall for allowing or controlling
the flow of fluid to or from the tool.

(4)Note. The tool includes any device which disintegrates, cuts,
dislocates, erodes or compresses the formation to form the bore.

(5)Note. All preceding subclasses must be investigated for particular
combinations within this definition as shown by the preceding subclass
titles.

WITH RELATIVELY MOVABLE PARTS TO FACILITATE CLEANING WITHOUT
DISASSEMBLY:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having parts or portions which are connected together
in such a manner as to be movable relative to each other without
being completely separated to permit the removal of cuttings from
the apparatus.

WITH MEANS MOVABLE RELATIVE TO TOOL OR SHAFT TO CONTROL BELOW-GROUND
PASSAGE:

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus in which a tool or tool shaft is provided with
a passage and means movable relative to said tool or tool shaft
for regulating or controlling the flow of fluent material through
said passage while the tool or tool shaft is positioned below ground.

This subclass is indented under subclass 317. Apparatus in which the means comprises a subsurface valve
so mounted in the tool or tool shaft as to prevent the upward flow
of fluent material in the tool or tool shaft.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising a plurality of cutting edges and a
mechanical linkage or gearing which is located below ground and
which is connected to the cutting edges to cause the cutting edges
to move relative to each other.

(1)Note. Rotation of similar cutting elements, about spaced
axes, whether parallel or not, is considered to be relative motion
for classification in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including particulars of a tool shaft.

(1)Note. For the meaning of "tool shaft", see
the class definition.

(2)Note. The term detail or particulars is meant to exclude
mere nominal or broad recitations of a tool shaft. For example, a
shaft having a detailed handle fixed thereto or merely stating "hollow
tool shaft", "centrally located passage", "convolute
tool shaft", etc, would be insufficient, but if said shaft
is described as having a particular kind of passage or convolution
or multiple passages, etc., the patent will be classified herein.

(3)Note. For purposes of this subclass, the tool shaft extends
between above ground structure and the joint directly above the cutting
element that is most closely located to the above ground structure;
all structure from the joint above the said cutting element to the
most remote bore engaging end of the boring means is considered
as part of the tool structure. Likewise, details of the joint structure which
are in the tool shaft, but function merely to connect the tool structure
to the shaft are excluded as subject material for this subclass,
and are classified with the particular tool structure in this class if
tool structure is claimed, or in the appropriate joint class if
tool structure is not claimed.

This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Apparatus in which separate sections of tool shafting cooperate
with one another so as to be slidably extensible or collapsible
(e.g., one section slidable within a second section) and including
below ground tool advancing devices such as fluid operated expansible
chamber feed means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 321. Apparatus in which the sections of shafting include means
acting between the sections so that the collapsing motion is accompanied
by relative motion of the sections about the axis of the shafting
(e.g., axial rotation or axial oscillation, etc.).

(1)Note. The axial motion may be specifically described as either
(1) causing the collapsing or telescoping or (2) being caused by
the collapsing or telescoping of the sections for classification
in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 320. Apparatus including structure other than the structure of
the tool which is specifically adapted to cause the circulation
of flowable material (e.g., cuttings or drilling fluid, etc.) within
the tool shaft or borehole.

(1)Note. Since most boring tools normally include or are inherently
adapted to cause a degree of impelling or conveying, tool structure
is excluded as subject matter for this subclass and is classified in
the appropriate tool subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 325.1. Apparatus where the guide or protecting means is (1) a discrete
device connecting two axially spaced shaft sections or (2) a shaft
section and a bit in which the tool shaft or portion is specifically
adapted to hold the bore wall guide or protector means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 325.2. Apparatus where a borehole contacting device is mounted
on the shaft section in a manner that allows the shaft section to
rotate while the guide or protector means is substantially fixed in
the borehole.

This subclass is indented under subclass 325.5. Apparatus where the guide or protector means encircles and
is fixed to the shaft by a securing means having a longitudinal
axis equidistant to the longitudinal axis of the tool shaft.

This subclass is indented under subclass 325.5. Apparatus where the guide or protector means encircles and
is fixed to the shaft by a securing means having a longitudinal
axis that touches a single point of a planar circle whose center
is the longitudinal axis of the tool shaft.

This subclass is indented under subclass 325.1. Apparatus in which at least a portion of the guide means
advances with the tool, and is described as larger than the area
of bore being formed so that the advance is guided by a surface
(generally a performed bore) that is laterally spaced from the bore
currently being formed by the tool.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising (1) a tool having a cutter element
or cutting edge which is disclosed as specifically adapted to mechanically contact
and selectively cut, disintegrate or dislocate portions of masonry,
stone, rock or earth formations to form or enlarge a hole or bore therein
or (2) subcombinations of such a tool not otherwise classified.

(1)Note. Cutter element is defined as any portion of a bit that
comprises a cutting edge and a body portion that is specifically
formed to be movably or immovably engaged or connected to a supporting
structure (i.e., bit head) which supporting structure by itself
has no disintegrating function but serves as an intermediate member
for connecting the cutter element to a drive shaft.

(2)Note. Cutting edge is defined as that portion of the cutter
element or bit that initially contacts and cuts, disintegrates or
dislocates the earth formation, said edge may be composed of a surface which
is usually sharpened or chisel shaped; however, any projection or
surface the sole purpose of which is to cut disintegrate or dislocate
the formation which it contacts is included under the term cutting
edge.

Abrading, for an abrading tool of general utility, and particularly
subclasses 490+ for a tool support for a flexible-member abrading
tool, subclasses 526+ for a flexible-member abrading tool,
per se, and subclasses 540+ for a rigid abrading tool.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus comprising a rotary bit in which a cutter element
or carrier for a fixed cutter is rotatably mounted thereon so that
the cutter element or carrier may roll or tend to roll on a surface
of the bore as the bit is rotated.

(1)Note. Patents have been classified in this and indented subclasses
which claim a portion of a bit which is specifically described as
a roller cutter bit even though the roller cutter element is not claimed.

(2)Note. An endless flexible member mounted to roll about journals
on the bit head in response to rotation of said head is considered
a rolling cutter and is classified in this and indented subclasses.

(3)Note. The term "readily detachable" as employed
in the notes to this and indented subclasses refers to constructions
which may be disassembled by employing only conventional hand tools.
Patents which claim that the various parts or subassemblies may
be separated by a cutting torch and new components welded together,
have not been treated as involving readily detachable components
although some of these patents refer to such welded parts as being detachable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element or a fixed
cutting edge of the bit is so arranged that the bit makes an annular
cut in the formation and leaves a central undisturbed portion of the
formation in the form of a cylinder.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element or a fixed
cutting edge of the bit forms a first bore of definable diameter,
and a trailing rolling cutter or fixed cutting edge increases the diameter
of the first bore so that the boring outline of the bit will describe
at least one peripheral axial step.

(1)Note. Since many rolling cutting bits include toothed rolling
cutter elements which will individually form "steps" due to
inclination of the cutter relative to the bit axis, or varying tooth
lengths, such patents are excluded from this subclass and classified
on other rolling cutter bit features.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the cutter element is rotatably mounted
on a bearing and in which drilling fluid is supplied to the bearing
to clean, cool or lubricate such bearing.

Bearings,
subclass 93for bearing structure with lubrication means which
are adapted for use in roller type rock drill bits and only enough support
structure for the bearing. The lubricant can be drilling fluid.
The support can be broadly recited roller cutter bit but not details
of the cutter relating to cutting, or lubricating a cutter.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element is rotatably
mounted on an endless or rotary carrier so that both the rolling
cutter element and the carrier may roll or tend to roll on a surface of
the bore as the bit is rotated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the bit is provided with a particular
nozzle, passage or conduit to supply drilling fluid to the cutting
edge of the rolling cutter element or to the surface of the formation
being disintegrated.

(1)Note. Since nearly all earth boring tools under subclass
331 are provided with some form of drilling fluid supply, a mere
nominal recitation of a fluid nozzle or passage has been excluded.

(2)Note. The fluid nozzle, passage or conduit need not define
a tubular structure, it may form only a portion of the wall of the
fluid conducting means.

This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Apparatus in which the means to supply drilling fluid comprises
(1) a coated or treated passage or (2) a distinct element which
is limited in use to conducting, directing, or blocking the drilling
fluid.

(1)Note. A fluid conducting element under part (2) of the definition
which is also a cutter element or a bit is classified either with
subclass 339 or is classified on other bit structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the bit is provided with a plurality
of rolling cutter elements which cutter elements are provided with
cutting edges arranged in circumferential rows about each cutter
element, and which rows are positioned on each of the cutter elements
so that the cutting edges of one row interfit the cutting edges of
an adjacent cutter element row.

for plural rolling cutter elements provided with
cutting edges arranged in circumferential rows about each cutter so
that the cutting edges of one cutter element interfit the cutting
edges of the other cutter element in driving relation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which (1) the rolling cutter element is mounted
on an axis which is spaced from, or inclined to the geometric axis
of the cutter or cutting edge, or (2) in which the rolling cutter
element is loosely held on its rotary supporting means so that it
may continually shift laterally as it rolls.

(1)Note. The loosely supported cutters are usually disks which
slide on part of the bit head to effect a self-sharpening function.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element is carried
on a bit having a portion extending inwardly toward the axis of
the bit and forwardly of the cutter element in the direction of boring
and which has no cutting function.

(1)Note. The noncutting portion can be located between claimed
cutting portions and patents which claim cutting portions spaced
longitudinally of the bore axis will be classified in this subclass
even though no noncutting portion is specifically recited.

This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Apparatus wherein the rolling cutter element is mounted
on an axle which is supported on the bit by means of two or more
spaced readily detachable supporting devices.

This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Apparatus wherein the rolling cutter element is mounted
on an axle or bushing which is removably fastened to the bit by
a means which is readily detachable.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the axis of the rolling cutter element
is offset from a radial vertical plane containing the longitudinal
axis of the bit.

(1)Note. The purpose of offsetting the cutter axis is to obtain
a sliding or scraping cut but enough radial component is usually
provided for the cutter axis to cause the cutters to roll as well
as slide.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element is provided
with a rotatably mounted supporting member which is integral therewith
or fixed thereto to rotate therewith.

(1)Note. The rotatable shaft or shank may have a plurality of
cutting members secured thereto.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus comprising a plurality of rolling cutter elements
in which the axis of one cutter element lies in a diametric plane
containing the bit axis while the axis of another cutter element
is disposed in a plane which is displaced from said diametric plane
through an angle measured in a plane perpendicular to the bit axis.

This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Apparatus in which all of the cutter elements are journaled
on a separate axle or pin supported by a frame, bracket, or securing
means which is readily detachable from the bit head in such manner
that all of the axles or pins may be detached simultaneously.

This subclass is indented under subclass 355. Apparatus in which all of the cutter elements are journaled
on a separate axle or pin which intersect, abut, or otherwise engage
each other under the bit head so as to support or brace each other.

(1)Note. Additional brace means may be interposed between the
head and the region of intersection or engagement of the cutter
supports.

This subclass is indented under subclass 358. Apparatus provided with a specific bearing or seal structure.

(1)Note. Since nearly all rolling cutter elements employ some
form of bearing, nominally recited bearing structures as defined
in (1) Note to subclass 371, have been excluded and the patent has
been classified on the basis of the remaining features.

Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process,
subclasses 358+ for a relatively rotatable radially extending sealing
face member (e.g., face, mechanical, etc.) or subclasses 500+ or
a dynamic circumferential contact seal for other than a piston.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus comprising a plurality of rolling cutter elements
and in which one cutter is journaled on an axle or pin disposed
transversely of the bit axis and which axle or pin is supported at
spaced points and another rolling cutter element is journaled on
an axle or pin supported at one end only and extending in cantilever
fashion.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element is journaled
on an axle or pin disposed transversely of the bit axis and which
axle or pin is supported at spaced points.

(1)Note. The cross axle may consist of a plurality of stub axles
connected together (for example, by a sleeve or by welding) to form
a continuous axle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Apparatus comprising a plurality of rolling cutter elements
disposed on axes which extend in a single diametric plane through
the bit, and which are (1) angularly related to each other within
the plane, or (2) offset vertically from each other within the plane.

This subclass is indented under subclass 361. Apparatus in which (1) one or more of the spaced supporting
devices for the cross axle are readily detachable from the bit head
to release the axle or (2) the bit head consists of plural mating
sections which are readily detachable from each other to release
the cross axle.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element is journaled
on axle or pin which is supported at its inner end only in cantilever
fashion and extends radially away from the center of the bit head.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element is journaled
on an axle or pin supported at one end only in cantilever fashion
on an arm, leg or bracket which is removably connected to the rest
of the bit head by a means which is readily detachable.

for plural circumferentially spaced rolling cutter
elements journaled on separate axles or pins which are supported
by a means which is readily detachable from the bit head to simultaneously
detach all of the axles or pins.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element is journaled
on an axle or pin supported at one end only in cantilever fashion,
said axle or pin being either (1) readily detachable, or (2) provided
with a bearing or bushing which is readily detachable therefrom.

This subclass is indented under subclass 367. Apparatus in which means are provided to secure the cutter
element to the removable axle, pin, bushing or bearing and which
is releasable to free the cutter element after the removal of the
axle, pin, bushing or bearing.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element is journaled
on an axle or pin, supported at one end only in cantilever fashion
and provided with a particular means to rotatably secure the rolling
cutter element with respect to the axle or pin.

(1)Note. The securing means need not be releasable and may be
intended to permanently secure the cutter to the stub axle (e.g., "snap
connections," etc.). Patents which merely recite that the
cutter is "releasable" have been classified on
the basis of other claimed features and cross-referenced into this
subclass when appropriate.

This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element is journaled
on the axle or pin by a bearing having rolling elements which may
be removed from their races to provided for removal of the rolling
cutter element.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus provided with a specific bearing or seal structure.

(1)Note. Since nearly all rolling cutters employ some form of
bearing, nominally recited bearing structures have been excluded
and such patents have been classified on the basis of the cutting
features claimed. A claim reciting a "bearing sleeve",
a "roller bearing", or a "ball bearing
having inner and outer races" would be considered to involve
a mere nominal recitation of bearing structure but patents claiming
specific locations of bearings with respect to the cutters; specific
bearing shape, characteristics or materials, or bearings which detachably secure
the cutters to their axles have been considered to involve more
than nominal bearing structure. For example, a claim reciting "a
bushing having a hard faced bearing surface" or "a
pair of ball bearings engaging shoulders in the rolling cutter" would
be classified in this or the indented subclass.

Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for a generic sealing means or process,
subclasses 358+ for a relatively rotatable radially extending sealing
face member (e.g., face, mechanical, etc.) or subclasses 500+ or
a dynamic circumferential contact seal for other than a piston.

Bearings,
subclass 94for bearing structure with a seal which are adapted
for use in roller type rock drill bits and only enough support structure for
the bearing, the drill bit can be broadly recited as a support for
the bearing but not details of cutting, teeth, etc.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element comprises
a wheel having an unbroken, sharpened cutting edge portion at its
periphery.

(1)Note. Serrated disks having a stepped or undulating edge
have been treated as toothed cutting edge despite the fact that they
may be termed "disks" in the claims and are classified
on other structure.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the bit or any portion thereof is composed
of (1) two or more different materials, (2) a single material which
has been treated to provide portions of the bit with specific properties
which properties are different from the properties of another portion
or (3) a specific material.

(1)Note. The mere recitation under part (3) of metal, iron or
steel, per se, is excluded. However, specifying iron and steel
or different types of iron or steel would be included under part
(1).

(2)Note. The specific material under part (3) may be identified
by its properties (e.g., ductile, soft, hardened, etc.).

(3)Note. Under part (1) a rolling cutter element having an insert
connected thereto would be included since the cutter element and
insert would normally be composed of diverse material.

(4)Note. A bit provided with a welded, brazed or soldered joint
is considered formed of diverse material and is classified under
this definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Apparatus in which portions of the bit are connected together
by (1) heating the parts to a plastic or fluid state and allowing
the metals to flow together with or without the addition of other
molten metal or (2) connecting the parts by means of melted or fluid
metal (e.g., solder).

(1)Note. This subclass includes depositing weld material on
a part of the bit as, for example, to form a wear surface or a cutting
edge.

(2)Note. The mere recitation in a claim that parts of a bit
are connected has been included in this subclass provided there is
a specific description that the connection has been formed in the
manner set forth in the definition of this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the external physical form or shape of
the bit is such that the bit has (1) no more than one plane of bilateral
symmetry passing through a line coinciding with the longitudinal
axis of the drive shaft for the bit and (2) no radial symmetry about
an axis coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft for
the bit.

(1)Note. For the purposes of this subclass an element has bilateral
symmetry when each part thereof lying on one side of a plane passing
there through has a corresponding part lying on the opposite side of
the plane at an equal distance from the plane and on a line through
the parts and perpendicular to the plane. An element has radial
symmetry when it can be divided into a plurality of segments radially
about the axis of symmetry each of which has the same shape and
size and the sum of the radial angles of all the segments equal
360°.

(2)Note. Patents in which the claims would meet the terms of
the definition of this subclass because only a portion of a specifically
described bit has been claimed are excluded if the entire bit as
described would not meet the terms of the definition. Such patents
have been classified on other features.

(3)Note. The external form of the bit is considered to include
the configuration and location of rolling cutter elements, cutting
edges, fluid or cuttings conveying ports or the shape of the bit
head, however, a lug or recess or opening for the purpose of connecting
the parts of the bit or the bit to the drive shaft are not included,
such as, for example, an opening for a single set screw or a flat
on the bit head to be received in a socket. Also, the internal
shape of fluid, cuttings or core conveying passages are not included.
Also, not included is structure where the sole nonsymmetrical feature of
the bit resides in the shape or position of teeth or cutting edges
on the individual rolling cutters, if all the rolling cutters are
identical in shape and size and are symmetrically arranged on the
bit head.

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element is provided
with a portion which has a cutting edge or edges arranged along
a line or series of lines extending around the circumference of the
element and simultaneously extending in a direction along the axis
of the cutter element (e.g., helical).

This subclass is indented under subclass 331. Apparatus in which the rolling cutter element has (1) a
row of circumferential cutting edges of nonuniform size, shape,
or pitch or other cutting edge arrangements (e.g., spacing, etc.) which
are adapted to prevent repeated engagement or "tracking" of
the cutting edges with the same point on the earth formation or
(2) a plurality of circumferential rows of cutting edges and in
which there is an abrupt change in shape or pitch between adjacent
rows.

(1)Note. Under part (2) a mere gradual change in size or shape
of the cutting edges to allow for the taper of the cutter element
is excluded.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the bit is provided with (1) relatively
movable parts which are adapted to move during operation to provide
a new cutting edge or (2) a body in the form of repeating similar
structure extending longitudinally of the bit such that a new cutting
edge is provided when the original cutter edge becomes worn.

(1)Note. Under part (2) a mere homogeneous bit body which inherently
wears away is excluded, some specific repeating structure, such
as for example, separate defined layers of specific material, symmetrically
arranged apertures in the bit body or a cutter element combined with
a backing member made of different material such that as the cutter
element and backing member wear an effective cutting edge will be
provided, is necessary for classification under this definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the bit is particularly adapted to receive
and restrain unsupported abrasive particles between its outer end
and the bore bottom, said particles forming the cutting edge of
the bit.

(1)Note. For classification under this definition the abrasive
particles must be described as separate elements such as shot or
other pellets insertable into the bore. Drilled chip particles
which may incidentally function to disintegrate the formation are
excluded.

(2)Note. The abrasive particles need not be claimed for classification
in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the bit is provided with a plurality
of cutter elements or cutting edges which elements or edges are
connected to the bit in such a manner as to permit axial movement
of one cutter element or cutting edge relative to another during
normal operation of the bit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the bit is provided with a movable cutter
element and means to selectively hold said cutter element in different
positions with respect to the bit head.

(1)Note. A mere clamp which cooperates with a member such that
by loosening the clamp the member could be set in any desired position
and reclamped is not considered to be adjustable. However, any specific
structure such as selectively usable apertures, teeth, slots, etc., for
the purpose of permitting the selective change of the relative positions
of two parts is included under this definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Apparatus in which the cutter element may be selectively
held in different positions for the purpose of placing a different
cutting edge in operative position for engaging the formation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 382. Apparatus in which the cutter element is adapted to be selectively
held in different positions for the purpose of increasing the circular outline
of the cutting edge as the bit is rotated.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the bit is provided with a leading or
pilot cutting edge or portion which forms a first bore of definable
diameter, and a trailing cutting edge which increases the diameter
of the first bore so that the boring outline of the bit will describe
at least one peripheral axial step.

This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Apparatus in which the leading or pilot portion comprises
a readily removable starter element for cooperating with the trailing
portion to form a shallow, accurately positioned bore, the trailing
portion then being described as usable independently of the starter
element to continue the boring operation.

This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Apparatus in which the leading or pilot portion has a cutter
element or cutting edge so arranged that the bit makes an annular
cut in the formation, leaving a central undisturbed portion of the
formation in the form of a cylinder.

This subclass is indented under subclass 389. Apparatus in which the cutting edges of the impact bit are
arranged so that the boring outline of the bit will describe at
least two peripheral axial steps.

This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Apparatus comprising a rotary bit in which the leading or
pilot portion is provided with two or more axially extending branches
terminating in cutting edges.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the bit is provided with means to conduct
fluid comprising (1) a coated or treated passage or (2) a distinct
element which is limited in use to fluid conducting, directing or
blocking a fluid passage.

(1)Note. Under (2) of the definition, only those fluid conducting
elements are included which do not form fundamental parts of the
bit structure (e.g., a fluid conducting element which also functions to
attach or connect cutter elements to a bit head or tool shaft is
classified with the bit or cutter structure, etc.).

(2)Note. The fluid conducting element may form only a portion
of the wall of the fluid conduit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the bit is provide with a screw shaped
surface extending axially thereof for conveying cuttings away from
the end of the bit, said screw shaped surface extending through
a convolution of at least 180°.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the bit includes a portion laterally
spaced from the axis of the bit, and substantially parallel to said
axis, and another portion substantially perpendicular to said first portion,
said other portion extending from said first portion toward said
axis, said portions being specifically described as adapted to lift cut
material from the borehole.

(1)Note. The function of retaining cuttings must be specifically
described and not left to inference.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus comprising a rotary type bit having a plurality
of axially extending cutter elements or cutting edges which elements
or edges contact the bottom of the bore and are spaced radially
different distances from the longitudinal axis of rotation so that
as the bit is rotated a portion of a cutter element or cutting edge engages
a portion of the bore bottom not engaged by any other cutter element
or cutting edge.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the external physical form or shape of
the bit is such that the bit has (1) no more than one plane of bilateral
symmetry passing through a line coinciding with the longitudinal
axis of the drive shaft for the bit and (2) no radial symmetry about
an axis coinciding with the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft for
the bit.

(1)Note. For the purposes of this subclass an element has bilateral
symmetry when each part thereof lying on one side of a plane passing
therethrough has a corresponding part lying on the opposite side of
the plane at an equal distance from the plane and on a line through
the parts and perpendicular to the plane. An element has radial
symmetry when it can be divided into a plurality of segments radially
about the axis of symmetry each of which has the same shape and
size and the sum of the radial angles of all the segments equals
360°.

(2)Note. Patents in which the claims would meet the terms of
the definition of this subclass because only a portion of a specifically
described bit has been claimed are excluded if the entire bit as
described would not meet the terms of the definition. Such patents
have been classified on other features.

(3)Note. The external form of the bit is considered to include
the configuration and location of cutter elements, cutting edges,
fluid or cuttings conveying ports or the shape of the bit head,
however, a lug or recess or opening for the purpose of connecting
the parts of the bit or the bit to the drive shaft are not included, such
as, for example, an opening for a single set screw or a flat on
the bit head to be received in a socket. Also the internal shape
of fluid, cuttings or core conveying passages are not included.

This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Apparatus in which the bit is provided with means engaging
the wall of the bore being formed to position the bit or direct
its course.

(1)Note. For classification in this subclass the guide means
must be an element other than the body of the bit which may incidentally
function as a guide. However, a modification of the bit body to provide
ribs, projections or the like which are specifically described as
positioning or directing the bit are included in this subclass.

This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Apparatus in which the bit is provided with one or more
openings to permit the ingress or egress of either fluid or formation
cuttings, the arrangement of the opening or openings with respect
to the longitudinal axis of the drive shaft for the bit being nonsymmetrical
both bilaterally and radially as required by the definition of subclass
398.

(1)Note. For classification in this subclass the arrangement
of the fluid or cuttings openings themselves must be nonsymmetrical
regardless of whether or not the remainder of the bit is nonsymmetrical.
Thus a bit which is nonsymmetrical in shape but has a central opening
on the shaft axis or a plurality of equally spaced openings about
the shaft axis is not included.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the bit is provided with longitudinally
spaced cutting edges, the cutting edges at one spacing facing in
one axial direction and the cutting edges at a different spacing facing
in the opposite axial direction of the bit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the bit is of the type commonly called "casing
shoe", and which is adapted to be positioned on the end
of a tubular conduit to facilitate the entry of such conduit into
a preformed bore by reaming or cutting any projections on the bore
wall by means of cutting edges provided on said shoe.

(1)Note. For classification in this subclass the device must
be specifically described as a casing shoe and not left to inference.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the cutter element or cutting edge of
the bit is so arranged that the bit makes an annular cut in the
formation and leaves a central undisturbed portion of the formation
in the form of a cylinder.

(1)Note. Patents which specifically describe forming a core
of the earth formation have been classified in this subclass even
though the claims do not recite the forming of a core.

This subclass is indented under subclass 403. Apparatus in which the cutting edge of the bit is of the
type which is adapted to disintegrate the formation by a forceful
contact or a repetitive striking action.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the cutter element or cutting edge is
carried on a bit which has a portion extending inwardly towards
the axis of the bit and forwardly of the cutter element or cutting edge
in the direction of boring and which has no cutting function.

(1)Note. The noncutting portion can be located between claimed
cutting portions and patents which claim cutting portions spaced
longitudinally of the bore axis will be classified in this subclass
even though no noncutting portion is specifically recited.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus provided with (1) means on the bit for centralizing
or stabilizing the bit in the bore or (2) a device to smooth or
compress together the material which makes up the wall surface of
the bore.

(1)Note. For classification under this definition the guide
or compacting device must be an element other than the body of the
bit which may incidentally function as a guide or compacting device.
However, a modification of the bit body such as ribs or projections
which are disclosed as for the purpose set forth herein is classified
under this definition.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the cutting edge of the bit is of the
type which is adapted to disintegrate the formation by a forceful
contact or a repetitive striking action.

This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Apparatus in which the cutting edge is formed to disintegrate
the formation as a result of simultaneous rotary and a forceful
contact or a repetitive striking action.

(1)Note. The dual function of formation disintegrating by rotary
and percussive or impact action must be specifically described for
classification in this subclass and not left to inference.

This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Apparatus in which the bit is provided with a drilling fluid
passage enclosed within the body of the bit and having an inlet
or exhaust port opening to the outside of the bit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 417. Apparatus comprising a plurality of cutting edges which
lie in perpendicular planes intersecting at a line coinciding with
the longitudinal axis of the bit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Apparatus comprising a plurality of cutting edges which
lie in perpendicular planes intersecting at a line coinciding with
the longitudinal axis of the bit.

This subclass is indented under subclass 414. Apparatus in which the cutting edge of the bit is formed
of a relatively small element of abrasive resistant material which
is inserted in a slot or aperture in the bit and secured therein.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus comprising a rotary type bit provided with at
least two axially extending branches terminating in cutting edges,
the configuration of said axially extending branches and cutting
edges being such that (1) more than one plane of bilateral symmetry
may be passed through an axis coinciding with the rotary axis of
the bit or (2) radial symmetry is presented about an axis coinciding
with the rotary axis of the bit.

(1)Note. See (1) Note of subclass 398 for definition of bilateral
and radial symmetry.

This subclass is indented under the class definition. Subject matter wherein a tapered clasping structure, when
lowered into an opening in a separate hole drilling related structure,
e.g., a spider or rotary table, etc., is cammed into gripping and
suspending engagement with a drilling tube or stem passing through
the opening.

(1)Note. The slip usually temporarily suspends a string of connected
pipes or rods during the attaching or detaching of different sections
to the string which is being lowered into or taken out of a drill hole.

(2)Note. The earth boring tool itself is usually not claimed.

(3)Note. Details of the separate hole drilling related structure
may not be claimed.

Machines Element or Mechanism, particularly
subclasses 144+ for an intermittent gripping device for moving
a member (e.g., a polish rod, etc.); and subclasses 579+ for
a pitman or connecting rod and its gripping device.

Wells, particularly
subclasses 75.11+ for above ground apparatus for wells including
slips for well pipes or casings which are not involved in the drilling
of the well and are more permanent in nature; and subclasses 206+ for
an expansible anchor or casing. See the class definition of Class
175, section III for the line between Classes 166 and 175.

Brakes, particularly
subclass 67for a brake mechanically connected to a relatively
stationary structure and which holds a pipe or rod at various locations
along the pipe’s or rod’s length for short, quick
linear assembly or disassembly during a work or manufacturing operation,
or preparatory to a working operation, done by the pipe, rod, or
a pipe supported tool.

Work Holders, appropriate subclasses for a clamp which hold an
article (e.g., a pipe or rod, etc.) while modifying work is done
on it, or while a plurality of articles are being located in an
assembled arrangement.

Pipe Joints or Couplings, appropriate subclasses for pipe joints or couplings for
drilling shafts and
subclasses 123.15+ and 123.3+, in particular, for pipe joints
or couplings for well related pipes or casings through which fluid
may flow.

Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, particularly
subclasses 86.4and 102.1 for a grapple which is disclosed for
gripping articles (e.g., well pipes or rods, etc.) being moved between
two locations by either a hand or cable lifting force.

This subclass is indented under subclass 327. Apparatus in which the bit or any portion thereof is composed
of either (1) two different materials, (2) a single material which
has been treated to provide portions of the bit with specific properties
which are different from the properties of another portion or (3)
a particular material to which significance is attributed.

(1)Note. Under part (3), the mere recitation of iron or steel,
per se, is excluded. However, specifying both iron and steel would
be included under part (1).

(2)Note. Under part (3), a specific material need not be named
as such but may be identified by its properties (e.g., ductile, malleable,
hardened, etc.).

(3)Note. A bit provided with a welded brazed or soldered joint
is considered to be formed of diverse materials.

Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 544+ for stock material or intermediate articles which
are all metal or have adjacent metal components, including specific
materials used in drill bits, where no specific drill-bit structure
is claimed.