Ireland

1867- Electoral Reform act = split the liberal party1867= Manchester Martyrs1868-1874 = Gladstone's 1st ministry Liberal was previously conservative, Disraeli = `Gods Only Mistake' Laissez Faire attitude Wanted to pacify Ireland for political, religious and person beliefs reasons. Religious ­ `the god of Justice and freedom. Political wanted to unite his party after the electorate act in 1867 The situation he inherited in 1868 was land, religious and nationalist grievances1869= Irish Church Act Disestablishment of the Church of Ireland, 4.5 million Catholics 0.75 million COI Anglican Bishops no longer get seat in HOC 10% tithes no longer paid to COI Disendowment= £13millon fro secular purposes + £10 million to COI Tenants allowed to buy church land 6000 tenants did Bill passed in HOC and with difficulty in the HOL Church act = `one of the more successful Irish legislation passed by Gladstone'1870= Irish Land Act + Home Rule Association set up by Isaac Butt = non sectarian Wanted 3 F's The Ulster Custom= Had right of free sale + compensation if removed Eviction- Evictees compensated for any improvements made Land Purchase- `John Bright Clauses' so tenants could obtain 2/3 of the price of the land as a loan from the state (5% interest over 35 years) = Failed as no incentive for landlords to sell Rents- Were not to be exorbitant Tenants on long leases were not included in the act so Landlords increased the leases Rural violence continued as Act = FAILURE they wanted 3 F's1870- Gladstone released Fenians prisoners= Rural violence continues1871 ­ Coercion Act Removal of Civil rights Police given additional powers of imprisonment Gladstone didn't want Coercion but had to also indicated failure of Land Act1872- Secret Ballot in all elections1873 ­ Irish Universities Bill Catholics had no major degree awarding institution Non denominational university proposed by emerging Trinity College and Catholic colleges Problem = How to teach controversial subjects such as History and RE Trinity rejected

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New catholic College would get no financial help from state Failed to pass in HOC by 3 votes, Gladstone resigns But Disraeli didn't want to be PM so Gladstone forms a minority gvt.…read more

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Parnell said act was inadequate, Gladstone warned Parnell, Parnell Criticised Gladstone further and Parnell was arrested under coercion act terms of 1881 + land league was banned Parnell sent to Kilmainham jail and issued no rent manifesto ­ but mostly ignored. Parnell said that being in prison `was the best thing that ever happened to him' as it turned him into a martyr for the cause1882 ­ April Kilmainham Treaty Parnell wanted negotiation as his mistress was pregnant, land act had defeated land league.…read more

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Conservatives 249 Liberals 335 IPP 86 IPP had balance over power Parnell initially with conservatives but after Gladstone's conversion he was with liberals1886- Gladstone's 3rd Ministry + 1st Home Rule Bill 2 closely related bills = Home rule bill + Land purchase bill Home Rule Bill = bi cameral first order= upper house second order = 204 MPS, Irish Mps no longer to sit at Westminster + Westminster gvt would handle external affairs Land purchase bill 50 million to buy out all landlords but…read more

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March ­ again a county by county opt out system but Carson + unionists also agreed butwanted 6 county opt out Redmond also agree for partition May 1914 = 6 county opt out for 6 years amended by Lords to 9 county exclusion for ever but bill rejected by Commons1914 March- Curragh Mutiny 1,000 regular troops based at various Barracks in Ireland Secretary of State of War decided to reinforce troops in Ulster led to rumours that gvt wanted to invade Ireland and…read more

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Position of rebels = hopeless they were outnumbered so they had to flee within a week were foundAftermath 450 rebels + civilians killed with 116 soldiers + police Martial law declared = army now in control of law and order in Dublin People thought Sinn Fein responsible 3,000 arrests, 160 imprisoned without trial, 90 trialled and sentenced to death British were `canonising their prisoners' brutal ways in which British dealt with them led to an increase in sympathy for their cause therefore led to…read more