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Looking inside the brain: the power of neuroimaginghttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2235081
It is now possible to witness human brain activity while we are talking, reading, or thinking, thanks to revolutionary neuroimaging techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These groundbreaking advances have opened infinite fields of investigation—into such areas as musical perception, brain development in utero, and faulty brain connections leading to psychiatric disorders—and have raised unprecedented ethical issues. In Looking Inside the Brain, one of the leading pioneers of the field, Denis Le Bihan, offers an engaging account of the sophisticated interdisciplinary research in physics, neuroscience, and medicine that have led to the remarkable neuroimaging methods that give us a detailed look into the human brain. Introducing neurological anatomy and physiology, Le Bihan walks readers through the historical evolution of imaging technology—from the x-ray and CT scan to the PET scan and MRI—and he explains how neuroimaging uncovers afflictions like stroke or cancer and the workings of higher-order brain activities, such as language skills. Le Bihan also takes readers on a behind-the-scenes journey through NeuroSpin, his state-of-the-art neuroimaging laboratory, and goes over the cutting-edge scanning devices currently being developed. Considering what we see when we look at brain images, Le Bihan weighs what might be revealed about our thoughts and unconscious, and discusses how far this technology might go in the future. Beautifully illustrated in color, Looking Inside the Brain presents the trailblazing story of the scanning techniques that provide keys to previously unimagined knowledge of our brains and our selves.Le Bihan, DenisWed, 23 Nov 2016 09:56:00 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2235081['']Le cerveau de cristal: ce que nous révèle la neuro-imageriehttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2235080
Montrer l’activité du cerveau s’appliquant à une fonction telle que parler, lire, compter ou simplement penser, voilà désormais ce que rendent possible les progrès récents de l’imagerie par résonance magnétique, l’IRM. Qu’il s’agisse de la perception musicale, des processus inconscients à l’origine de nos décisions, du développement du cerveau in utero, de l’étude des interactions entre gènes et environnement, de l’étude des anomalies pouvant être à l’origine de certaines maladies psychiatriques, les nouvelles techniques de la « neuro-imagerie » ouvrent des champs d’étude infinis et posent à l’éthique des questions inédites. Au croisement de la physique, des neurosciences et de la médecine, l’un des pionniers de ce domaine en pleine expansion donne, dans ce livre sans égal, les clés nécessaires pour comprendre ce que ces techniques vont apporter à notre connaissance de nous-mêmes. La découverte d’un univers fascinant, le nôtre, notre cerveau.Le Bihan, DenisWed, 23 Nov 2016 09:52:25 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2235080['']Manuale di esercizi in fisica delle particellehttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2225837
Questi esercizi nascono come raccolta delle esercitazioni preparate per il corso in Fisica delle particelle&quot; tenuto dalla prof.ssa R. Cester all'università di Torino e quelle per il corso in Particle Physics offerto all'Universita della California (UCSC) dal prof. A. Seiden. Durante gli anni del corso, il numero e gli argomenti trattati nei problemi sono cresciuti fino a far diventare questa collezione uno strumento a se stante, utile per la preparazione sia di esami che di prove di dottorato. Il livello di difficoltà dei problemi varia da elementare a decisamente complessi, per offrire un'ampia possibilita di scelta. Gli argomenti affrontati negli esercizi seguono quelli del corso base in Fisica delle particelle, mentre non si trovano esercizi avanzati di QCD e teoria elettrodebole. Una breve introduzione teorica permette di rivedere i concetti di base, mentre la bibliografia riporta una collezione di testi che servono per gli approfondimenti.Cartiglia, NicoloTue, 18 Oct 2016 06:06:11 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2225837['']El Universo en un puñado de átomos: ciencia, arte y tecnologia : de los quarks a las ondas gravitacionaleshttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2211497
El Universo en un puñado de átomos es un ensayo sabroso y divertido sobre la necesidad de mezclar el arte y la ciencia. Al mismo tiempo es la crónica viva de una disciplina científica fascinante: la física de las altas energías, la cual se propone estudiar lo infinitamente pequeño, en los niveles cuánticos del átomo, y lo inimaginablemente grande, los confines del Universo y la pregunta por su origen. Luego de seguir durante más de veinte años a los cazadores cuánticos, entre ellos a varios Premios Nobel, y de visitarlos en sus espectaculares aceleradores y detectores de partículas, tanto en Fermilab (Illinois), DESY (Hamburgo) y CERN (Ginebra), Carlos Chimal cuenta el desarrollo de uno de los avances tecnológicos más importantes de nuestra época, mismo que hace posible desde el supercómputo y la Web hasta la creación de chips hiperveloces e inteligentes. Retomando lo mejor de esta aventura, Carlos Chimal aborda algunos de los mayores enigmas de la actualidad científica: ¿por qué existen seres con masa luminosa? ¿Qué es la enigmática materia oscura? ¿Cómo fue el origen del Universo? Y si existe la antimateria, ¿hay «algo más» en el Universo? ¿Estamos en el umbral de nuevos descubrimientos e ideas inesperadas y llenas de provocaciones?Chimal, CarlosTue, 30 Aug 2016 12:44:11 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2211497['']The standard theory of particle physics: essays to celebrate CERN's 60th anniversaryhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2210375
The book gives a quite complete and up-to-date picture of the Standard Theory with an historical perspective, with a collection of articles written by some of the protagonists of present particle physics. The theoretical developments are described together with the most up-to-date experimental tests, including the discovery of the Higgs Boson and the measurement of its mass as well as the most precise measurements of the top mass, giving the reader a complete description of our present understanding of particle physics.Maiani, LucianoRolandi, LuigiThu, 25 Aug 2016 08:14:39 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2210375['']The future of the brain: essays by the world's leading neuroscientistshttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2203029
An unprecedented look at the quest to unravel the mysteries of the human brain, The Future of the Brain takes readers to the absolute frontiers of science. Original essays by leading researchers such as Christof Koch, George Church, Olaf Sporns, and May-Britt and Edvard Moser describe the spectacular technological advances that will enable us to map the more than eighty-five billion neurons in the brain, as well as the challenges that lie ahead in understanding the anticipated deluge of data and the prospects for building working simulations of the human brain. A must-read for anyone trying to understand ambitious new research programs such as the Obama administration's BRAIN Initiative and the European Union’s Human Brain Project, The Future of the Brain sheds light on the breathtaking implications of brain science for medicine, psychiatry, and even human consciousness itself.Marcus, GaryFreeman, JeremyMon, 01 Aug 2016 10:59:03 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2203029['']Neustart des LHC: CERN und die Beschleuniger : die Weltmaschine anschaulish erklärthttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2200709
Michael Hauschild führt den Leser dieses essentials zurück zu den Anfängen des CERN, des Europäischen Forschungszentrums für Teilchenphysik bei Genf; einem der faszinierendsten Forschungszentren überhaupt, zu seiner Geschichte, zu seinen Menschen und seinen Beschleunigern. Der Autor erläutert die Funktionsweise von Teilchenbeschleunigern und wie ausgehend von den ersten Ideen schließlich der Large Hadron Collider LHC gebaut wurde, der größte Teilchenbeschleuniger der Welt und die heutige Weltmaschine. Nach einer Pause von mehr als zwei Jahren wurde der LHC im Frühjahr 2015 wieder in Betrieb genommen, um mit höherer Energie als je zuvor die Geheimnisse der Natur zu enträtseln.Hauschild, MichaelThu, 21 Jul 2016 07:33:14 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2200709['']Anomaly!: collider physics and the quest for new phenomena at Fermilabhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2198795
From the mid-1980s, an international collaboration of 600 physicists embarked on the investigation of subnuclear physics at the high-energy frontier. As well as discovering the top quark, the heaviest elementary particle ever observed, the physicists analyzed their data to seek signals of new physics which could revolutionize our understanding of nature. Anomaly! tells the story of that quest, and focuses specifically on the finding of several unexplained effects which were unearthed in the process. These anomalies proved highly controversial within the large team: to some collaborators they called for immediate publication, while to others their divulgation threatened to jeopardize the reputation of the experiment. Written in a confidential, narrative style, this book looks at the sociology of a large scientific collaboration, providing insight in the relationships between top physicists at the turn of the millennium. The stories offer an insider's view of the life cycle of the &quot;failed&quot; discoveries that unavoidably accompany even the greatest endeavors in modern particle physics.Dorigo, TommasoThu, 14 Jul 2016 06:42:19 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2198795['']Superconductivity: a new approach based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the mean-field approximationhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161803
Given the Debye temperature of an elemental superconductor (SC) and its Tc, BCS theory enables one to predict the value of its gap 0 at T = 0, or vice versa. This monograph shows that non-elemental SCs can be similarly dealt with via the generalized BCS equations (GBCSEs) which, given any two parameters of the set {Tc, 10, 20 &gt; 10}, enable one to predict the third. Also given herein are new equations for the critical magnetic field and critical current density of an elemental and a non-elemental SC — equations that are derived directly from those that govern pairing in them. The monograph includes topics that are usually not covered in any one text on superconductivity, e.g., BCS-BEC crossover physics, the long-standing puzzle posed by SrTiO3, and heavy-fermion superconductors — all of which are still imperfectly understood and therefore continue to avidly engage theoreticians. It suggests that addressing the Tcs, s and other properties (e.g., number densities of charge carriers) of high-Tc SCs via GBCSEs incorporating chemical potential may lead to tangible clues about raising their Tcs. The final chapter in this monograph deals with solar emission lines and quarkonium spectra because of a feature common between them and superconductivity: existence of a bound state in a medium at finite temperature. This is a problem on which the author has worked for more than 25 years. The treatment in the text is elementary — even those who have only a cursory familiarity with Feynman diagrams should be able to follow it without much difficulty.Malik, G PFri, 17 Jun 2016 16:00:23 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2161803['']Social entrepreneurship and innovation: international case studies and practicehttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2152875
Social innovators and social entrepreneurs look for creative and affordable solutions to specific societal problems. Fueled by the spread of the internet and the ubiquity of cell phones, it is easier than ever before to attempt to solve pressing social and environmental problems in the world. &quot;Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation&quot; presents the journeys of pioneering and often accidental social innovators who used their courage, tenacity, and creative thinking to find a solution to their problem. The case studies do not gloss over the setbacks and dead ends these people faced; instead, they offer a realistic insight into the challenges and mindset needed to overcome them. From bringing solar-powered lighting to Nigerian midwives, to using surplus food to reconnecting broken refugee families, each case draws out the lessons learned and provides guidance and advice for anyone inspired to take action of their own.Banks, KenFri, 13 May 2016 20:36:31 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2152875['']The big picture: on the origins of life, meaning, and the Universe itselfhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2152403
Already internationally acclaimed for his elegant, lucid writing on the most challenging notions in modern physics, Sean Carroll is emerging as one of the greatest humanist thinkers of his generation as he brings his extraordinary intellect to bear not only on Higgs bosons and extra dimensions but now also on our deepest personal questions. Where are we? Who are we? Are our emotions, our beliefs, and our hopes and dreams ultimately meaningless out there in the void? Does human purpose and meaning fit into a scientific worldview? In short chapters filled with intriguing historical anecdotes, personal asides, and rigorous exposition, readers learn the difference between how the world works at the quantum level, the cosmic level, and the human level--and then how each connects to the other. Carroll's presentation of the principles that have guided the scientific revolution from Darwin and Einstein to the origins of life, consciousness, and the universe is dazzlingly unique. Carroll shows how an avalanche of discoveries in the past few hundred years has changed our world and what really matters to us. Our lives are dwarfed like never before by the immensity of space and time, but they are redeemed by our capacity to comprehend it and give it meaning. The Big Picture is an unprecedented scientific worldview, a tour de force that will sit on shelves alongside the works of Stephen Hawking, Carl Sagan, Daniel Dennett, and E. O. Wilson for years to come.Carroll, SeanThu, 12 May 2016 14:28:20 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2152403['']Principles of radiation interaction in matter and detectionhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2151353
The fourth edition of this book has been widely revised. It includes additional chapters and some sections are complemented with either new ones or an extension of their content. In this latest edition a complete treatment of the physics and properties of semiconductors is presented, covering transport phenomena in semiconductors, scattering mechanisms, radiation effects and displacement damages. Furthermore, this edition presents a comprehensive treatment of the Coulomb scattering on screened nuclear potentials resulting from electrons, protons, light- and heavy-ions — ranging from (very) low up to ultra-relativistic kinetic energies — and allowing one to derive the corresponding NIEL (non-ionizing energy-loss) doses deposited in any material. The contents are organized into two parts: Chapters 1 to 7 cover Particle Interactions and Displacement Damage while the remaining chapters focus on Radiation Environments and Particle Detection. This book can serve as reference for graduate students and final-year undergraduates and also as supplement for courses in particle, astroparticle, space physics and instrumentation. A section of the book is directed toward courses in medical physics. Researchers in experimental particle physics at low, medium, and high energy who are dealing with instrumentation will also find the book useful.Rancoita, Pier-GiorgioLeroy, ClaudeMon, 09 May 2016 14:39:07 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2151353['']Cryostat design: case studies, principles and engineeringhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2150219
This book enables the reader to learn the fundamental and applied aspects of practical cryostat design by examining previous design choices and resulting cryostat performance. Through a series of extended case studies the book presents an overview of existing cryostat design covering a wide range of cryostat types and applications, including the magnet cryostats that comprise the majority of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, space-borne cryostats containing sensors operating below 1 K, and large cryogenic liquid storage vessels. It starts with an introductory section on the principles of cryostat design including practical data and equations. This section is followed by a series of case studies on existing cryostats, describing the specific requirements of the cryostat, the challenges involved and the design choices made along with the resulting performance of the cryostat. The cryostat examples used in the studies are chosen to cover a broad range of cryostat applications and the authors of each case are leading experts in the field, most of whom participated in the design of the cryostats being described. The concluding chapter offers an overview of lessons learned and summarises some key hints and tips for practical cryostat design. The book will help the reader to expand their knowledge of many disciplines required for good cryostat design, including the cryogenic properties of materials, heat transfer and thermal insulation, instrumentation, safety, structures and seals.Weisend II, J GTue, 03 May 2016 14:54:59 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2150219['']Black hole blues and other songs from outer spacehttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2148586
The authoritative story of the headline-making discovery of gravitational waves—by an eminent theoretical astrophysicist and award-winning writer. From the author of How the Universe Got Its Spots and A Madman Dreams of Turing Machines, the epic story of the scientific campaign to record the soundtrack of our universe. Black holes are dark. That is their essence. When black holes collide, they will do so unilluminated. Yet the black hole collision is an event more powerful than any since the origin of the universe. The profusion of energy will emanate as waves in the shape of spacetime: gravitational waves. No telescope will ever record the event; instead, the only evidence would be the sound of spacetime ringing. In 1916, Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves, his top priority after he proposed his theory of curved spacetime. One century later, we are recording the first sounds from space, the soundtrack to accompany astronomy’s silent movie. In Black Hole Blues and Other Songs from Outer Space, Janna Levin recounts the fascinating story of the obsessions, the aspirations, and the trials of the scientists who embarked on an arduous, fifty-year endeavor to capture these elusive waves. An experimental ambition that began as an amusing thought experiment, a mad idea, became the object of fixation for the original architects—Rai Weiss, Kip Thorne, and Ron Drever. Striving to make the ambition a reality, the original three gradually accumulated an international team of hundreds. As this book was written, two massive instruments of remarkably delicate sensitivity were brought to advanced capability. As the book draws to a close, five decades after the experimental ambition began, the team races to intercept a wisp of a sound with two colossal machines, hoping to succeed in time for the centenary of Einstein’s most radical idea. Janna Levin’s absorbing account of the surprises, disappointments, achievements, and risks in this unfolding story offers a portrait of modern science that is unlike anything we’ve seen before.Levin, JannaTue, 26 Apr 2016 08:36:54 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2148586['']Numeric computation and statistical data analysis on the Java platformhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2147352
Numerical computation, knowledge discovery and statistical data analysis integrated with powerful 2D and 3D graphics for visualization are the key topics of this book. The Python code examples powered by the Java platform can easily be transformed to other programming languages, such as Java, Groovy, Ruby and BeanShell. This book equips the reader with a computational platform which, unlike other statistical programs, is not limited by a single programming language. The author focuses on practical programming aspects and covers a broad range of topics, from basic introduction to the Python language on the Java platform (Jython), to descriptive statistics, symbolic calculations, neural networks, non-linear regression analysis and many other data-mining topics. He discusses how to find regularities in real-world data, how to classify data, and how to process data for knowledge discoveries. The code snippets are so short that they easily fit into single pages. Numeric Computation and Statistical Data Analysis on the Java Platform is a great choice for those who want to learn how statistical data analysis can be done using popular programming languages, who want to integrate data analysis algorithms in full-scale applications, and deploy such calculations on the web pages or computational servers regardless of their operating system. It is an excellent reference for scientific computations to solve real-world problems using a comprehensive stack of open-source Java libraries included in the DataMelt (DMelt) project and will be appreciated by many data-analysis scientists, engineers and students.Chekanov, Sergei VTue, 19 Apr 2016 09:12:07 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2147352['']Probability for physicistshttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2144558
This book is designed as a practical and intuitive introduction to probability, statistics and random quantities for physicists. The book aims at getting to the main points by a clear, hands-on exposition supported by well-illustrated and worked-out examples. A strong focus on applications in physics and other natural sciences is maintained throughout. In addition to basic concepts of random variables, distributions, expected values and statistics, the book discusses the notions of entropy, Markov processes, and fundamentals of random number generation and Monte-Carlo methods.Sirca, SimonThu, 07 Apr 2016 12:00:25 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2144558['']Accelerator applications in energy and securityhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2139589
As accelerator science and technology progressed over the past several decades, the accelerators themselves have undergone major improvements in multiple performance factors: beam energy, beam power, and beam brightness. As a consequence, accelerators have found applications in a wide range of fields in our life and in our society. The current volume is dedicated to applications in energy and security, two of the most important and urgent topics in today's world. This volume makes an effort to provide a review as complete and up to date as possible of this broad and challenging subject. It contains overviews on each of the two topics and a series of articles for in-depth discussions including heavy ion accelerator driven inertial fusion, linear accelerator-based ADS systems, circular accelerator-based ADS systems, accelerator-reactor interface, accelerators for fusion material testing, cargo inspection, proton radiography, compact neutron generators and detectors. It also has a review article on accelerator science and technology in Canada with a focus on the TRIUMF laboratory, and an article on the life of Bruno Touschek, a renowned accelerator physicist.Chao, AlexanderChou, WeirenWed, 16 Mar 2016 12:36:51 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2139589['']George and the blue moonhttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2138390
George and his best friend, Annie have been selected as junior astronauts - part of a programme that trains up young people for a trip to Mars in the future. This is everything they've ever wanted - they get to be a part of up-to-the minute space discoveries and meet a bunch of new friends who are as fascinated by the universe as they are. But when they arrive at space camp, George and Annie quickly learn that strange things are happening - on Earth as well as up in our skies. Mysterious space missions are happening in secret, and the astronaut training they're undertaking gets scarier and scarier . . . The fifth adventure in this series by Lucy and Stephen Hawking - also containing up-to-the-minute scientific facts and information by the world's leading scientists.Hawking, StephenHawking, LucyFri, 11 Mar 2016 10:16:48 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2138390['']La nascita imperfetta delle cose: la grande corsa alla particella di Dio e la nuova fisica che cambierà il mondohttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2132385
In quel preciso momento, un centesimo di miliardesimo di secondo dopo il Big Bang, si è deciso il nostro destino. In un universo in cui materia e antimateria si equivalevano, e che quindi avrebbe potuto, in ogni istante, tornare a essere pura energia, può essere bastata una leggerissima preferenza del bosone di Higgs per la materia anziché per l'antimateria ed ecco che si è prodotto il mondo che abbiamo sotto gli occhi. &quot;Ecco qua il minuscolo difetto, la sottile imperfezione da cui è nato tutto. Un'anomalia che dà origine a un universo che può evolvere per miliardi di anni.&quot; Se tutto nasce da lì, dobbiamo capire in ogni dettaglio quel momento cruciale, ricostruirlo fotogramma per fotogramma, al rallentatore e da diverse angolature. Per questo al Cern di Ginevra è stato realizzato Lhc, l'acceleratore di particelle più potente del mondo, il posto più simile al primo istante di vita dell'universo che l'uomo sia stato in grado di costruire. Per questo da anni i migliori fisici del mondo lavorano giorno e notte, ai quattro angoli del pianeta. È così che è stata catturata la &quot;particella di Dio&quot;. Ed è per questo che si studia ancora, per capire di più su come tutto questo è nato e su come andrà a finire la nostra storia: se nel freddo e nel buio o in una catastrofe cosmica, che ci darebbe il privilegio di un'uscita di scena assai più spettacolare.Tonelli, GuidoWed, 17 Feb 2016 08:34:57 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2132385['']Georges et le code secrethttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2129091
À Foxbridge, Georges et Annie s'ennuient, ils rêvent de repartir dans l'espace pour de nouvelles aventures intergalactiques. Pourtant, sur la terre ferme, il se passe des choses étranges... L'argent s'envole des distributeurs de billets, les avions refusent de décoller et les caisses enregistreuses des supermarchés ne fonctionnent plus... Quel chaos ! Il semblerait qu'un bug planétaire ait déréglé tous les systèmes informatiques. S'ils veulent découvrir ce qui se cache derrière tout ça, les deux amis devront voyager plus loin que jamais dans l'espace...Hawking, StephenParsons, GaryHawking, LucyFri, 05 Feb 2016 14:32:34 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2129091['']Sur la route du Boson: des idées de Brout, Englert et Higgs à la naissance d'une nouvelle particulehttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2128589
Ce carnet décrit la formidable aventure technique et humaine qui a abouti à la découverte du boson de Higgs. Cette aventure, racontée par quatre physiciens qui travaillent depuis des années au sein de cette fourmilière de dix mille techniciens et chercheurs du monde entier basée au CERN de Genève, révèle une vaste coopération humaine et un voyage fantastique dans la pensée. L’ouvrage s’inscrit dans la volonté de vulgariser cette découverte qui n’est qu’une étape du programme scientifique de l’accélérateur de particules situé à cent mètres sous terre entre la Suisse et la France. Particularité : une mascotte présente presque sur toutes les doubles-pages interpelle et accompagne le lecteur dans sa lecture.Busato, EmmanuelMadar, RomainOrloff, JeanBernet, LisonBadaud, FrédériqueWed, 03 Feb 2016 14:58:33 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2128589['']Dans le tourbillon des particuleshttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2128587
Accélérateurs géants, détecteurs complexes, particules énigmatiques... La physique subatomique peut sembler bien intimidante pour le novice. Et pourtant, qui n a jamais entendu parler du boson de Higgs et du CERN, le laboratoire européen où il a été découvert en 2012 ? Nul besoin d être un spécialiste pour comprendre de quoi il s agit. Aujourd hui, une théorie extraordinairement élégante, le Modèle Standard, décrit tous les résultats des expériences dans le domaine. Trente-sept particules élémentaires et quatre forces fondamentales : c est tout ce dont nous avons besoin pour expliquer la matière et l Univers ! Ce livre, destiné à un large public, raconte sans équations le long parcours qui a abouti au Modèle Standard. Ce parcours, parfois sinueux, a été entamé lorsque les Grecs anciens, et peut-être d autres avant eux, ont imaginé que la matière est composée de petites « billes ». Il faudra attendre plusieurs siècles pour qu on réalise que la matière, à l échelle microscopique, se comporte de façon paradoxale. Loin de l image des petites « billes », sa nature est plutôt proche de celles des ondes, comme les ondulations de l eau à la surface d un étang. Au cours du siècle dernier, les connaissances scientifiques ont progressé de façon fulgurante au fur et à mesure des progrès techniques. Les rayons X et leurs applications médicales, la supraconductivité, le transistor, Internet sont nés dans les laboratoires de physique. La science s est trouvée mêlée de près à l Histoire pour le meilleur comme pour le pire, avec quelques épisodes dramatiques comme le lâcher de bombes atomiques sur Hiroshima et Nagasaki. De ce tourbillon étrange ont émergé nos connaissances actuelles qui, nous le savons, ne sont pas complètes. Les dernières observations suggèrent l existence de nouvelles composantes dans l Univers, comme la mystérieuse matière noire. Les chercheurs sont à l oeuvre pour comprendre sa nature. Les bouleversements, du moins du côté de la recherche, ne sont pas finis...Zito, MarcoWed, 03 Feb 2016 14:51:42 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2128587['']In praise of simple physics: the science and mathematics behind everyday questionshttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2128554
Physics can explain many of the things that we commonly encounter. It can tell us why the night is dark, what causes the tides, and even how best to catch a baseball. With In Praise of Simple Physics, popular math and science writer Paul Nahin presents a plethora of situations that explore the science and math behind the wonders of everyday life. Roaming through a diverse range of puzzles, he illustrates how physics shows us ways to wring more energy from renewable sources, to measure the gravity in our car garages, to figure out which of three light switches in the basement controls the light bulb in the attic, and much, much more. How fast can you travel from London to Paris? How do scientists calculate the energy of an atomic bomb explosion? How do you kick a football so it stays in the air and goes a long way downfield? Nahin begins with simpler problems and progresses to more challenging questions, and his entertaining, accessible, and scientifically and mathematically informed explanations are all punctuated by his trademark humor. Readers are presumed to have some background in beginning differential and integral calculus. Whether you simply have a personal interest in physics' influence in the world or you're an engineering and science student who wants to gain more physics know-how, this book has an intriguing scenario for you.Nahin, Paul JWed, 03 Feb 2016 13:56:37 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2128554['']Group theory in a nutshell for physicistshttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2128552
Although group theory is a mathematical subject, it is indispensable to many areas of modern theoretical physics, from atomic physics to condensed matter physics, particle physics to string theory. In particular, it is essential for an understanding of the fundamental forces. Yet until now, what has been missing is a modern, accessible, and self-contained textbook on the subject written especially for physicists. Group Theory in a Nutshell for Physicists fills this gap, providing a user-friendly and classroom-tested text that focuses on those aspects of group theory physicists most need to know. From the basic intuitive notion of a group, A. Zee takes readers all the way up to how theories based on gauge groups could unify three of the four fundamental forces. He also includes a concise review of the linear algebra needed for group theory, making the book ideal for self-study.Zee, AWed, 03 Feb 2016 13:53:23 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2128552['']CMS: the art of sciencehttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2128542
The physicist as artist: Michael Hoch photographed the extraordinary science cabinet of wonders CMS (the Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment) at CERN. With a foreword by François Englert, 2013 Nobel Laureate in Physics and co-discoverer of the Higgs boson.Shipsey, IanDenegri, DanielPreece, StephenStorr, MickHoch, MichaelWed, 03 Feb 2016 13:19:52 GMThttps://cds.cern.ch/record/2128542['']