Lymphatic Filariasis, a neglected tropical disease, with a global tropical distribution is a highly disfiguring and disabling condition. The mental health co morbidity burden was calculated and suggests this burden is a major factor previously not assessed as a contribution to morbidity. Similarly, other neglected tropical diseases need to be assessed using the methodology to provide a true assessment of morbidity for sufferers and their caregivers. Image: Lymphatic Filariasis patient-a picture of despair and anxiety. Copyright and thanks to Glaxo Smith Kline (GSK): Photographer - Marcus Perkins.

Our study has identified the critical influence of traditional, cultural and supernatural beliefs in relation to seeking help from traditional sector providers for both leprosy and TB. Our paper concluded that socio-cultural concepts of illness causation and associated help seeking preferences rooted in distinct features of tribal culture need to be addressed to improve programme outcomes. Image: Bohada is a cultural festival of tribes in Thane District.

This study assessed the prevalence of opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections and other gastrointestinal parasitic infections among patients attending the Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology at the University Hospital Souro Sanou in Bobo-Dioulasso and found that the prevalence remained high in Bobo-Dioulasso, thus requiring the establishment of adequate techniques for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Image: Immature oocyst of Isospora belli.

The AIDS are suffering geographical social changes, between them, the move from large urban centers to internal Brazilian states, a phenomenon termed interiorization. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological data and interiorization of AIDS in Rondonia, Brazil. Image: Spatial distribution of AIDS in Rondonia, Brazil.

Community-driven activities based on sociocultural conditions and community capacity at the banjar and village levels were identified as potential ways for supporting the ongoing rabies control program in Bali; include public awareness activities, vaccination, dog registration, dog population management, and rapid response to dog bites. Image: Balinese free-roaming dog is accompanying the owner conducting business.

In a pragmatic study, financial incentives provided to TB treatment supporters significantly improve TB treatment outcomes. Incentivising treatment support may be appropriate as an effective addition to support and supervision measures. Image: Good Shepherd Hospital where the study took place.

High prevalence of E. vermicularis infection in children was present in southern China. Overall, the behaviors of children and their parents' education levels were important risk factors in E. vermicularis infection, and most importantly, risk factors were differential in different age groups. Image: Obvious behaviors increase the risk of enterobiasis in children.

Although schistosomiasis has been endemic in Malawi for decades, there is inadequate information on the extent of morbidity associated with the disease. This paper provides estimates of the number of individuals with different schistosomiasis associated morbidity in Malawi. Image: Paired adult schistosome flukes in copula. Source: O'Donoghue, 2010.

An α-1,2-glucosidase inhibitor Miglustat has been shown to inhibit Ebola virus (EBOV) particle assembly and secretion; and the estrogen receptor modulators Clomiphene and Toremifene prevent membrane fusion of the EBOV. Thus, a hypothetical protocol with a cumulative use of both Miglustat and Toremifene is proposed here for EBOV infection treatments. Image: Miglustat and Toremifene inhibit Ebola virus glycosylation and fusion respectively.

The change patterns of the cell profile of circulating lymphocytes were indentified in human co-infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and hookworm, which might indicate that the humoral and cellular immune responses are more suppressed. Image: The expressions of B and T cell subsets in different groups.

This study found that maternal orphans bear the brunt of the disease and are more likely to delay HIV testing and diagnosis as compared to non-orphans. In practice, HIV testing relies on children having HIV-related symptoms, with regard to orphans, primary caregivers lack relevant information to identify HIV related symptoms, and as a result, HIV diagnosis for orphans occurs in late childhood following recurrent and chronic infections. Image: Early HIV diagnosis-a strategy to unite against HIV/AIDS for children.

Significant progress has been made in the last 25 years to reduce the malaria burden, but considerable challenges remain. These gains have resulted from large investments in a range of control measures targeting malaria. Image: The malaria-transmitting mosquito.

Malaria is still a major public health issue among pregnant women in the area mainly due to illiteracy and non-compliance to using ITNs. Increasing awareness about malaria preventive measures will help to reduce malaria and its associated morbidities and mortalities. Image: Malaria parasites in Giemsa stained thick film.

This study showed that malaria, climate change, livelihoods are interlinked. Community understanding on the linkages between malaria, livelihoods and climate change is limited. These call for an integrated control of malaria and food insecurity interventions. Image: Linkage between livelihood, agricultural practice, climate variability, malaria and food security.

Over the past decade, a large number of TB control projects have been funded by the government of China and world, and epidemic in China has been effectively controlled. However TB control in China still faced many challenges. Image: Common symptoms of active lung TB are cough with sputum and blood at times.

Ghana as a pioneer in the implementation of IDSR in Africa has not yet recorded a confirmed case of Ebola Virus Disease. The country needs to actively involve community based surveillance systems to partner health facilities for effective integrated surveillance on EVD. Image: Effective Community surveillance addresses gaps in EVD surveillance in Ghana.

Ebola virus disease mainly affects the economically deprived countries whitout effective vaccine or cure of ebola virus disease. The only way to fight this deadly epidemic is by making reforms beforehand and setting forth a step-wise approach to deal with it before it gets out of hand. Image: Kill the killer ebola outbreak, before it kills you.

Monoclonal antibody therapy has an important role to play as a post-exposure prophylactic and therapeutic for the treatment of viral infections. For example, several patients of the present Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa were treated with ZMapp, a cocktail of three monoclonal antibodies. This paper explores monoclonal antibody expression platforms, and highlights a protozoal expression system which may be particularly suited to use in developing contexts. Image: Native IgG, scFv and bivalent scFv-Fc fusion molecules.

A 1:1 matched case-control study showed that primary MDR-TB cases were more likely to be single, earn an annual income of ≤ 12,000 yuan, experience more life pressure/stress, not be medically insured, and suffer from diabetes, cardiovascular disease or other respiratory diseases, or cancer. Image: Distribution of estimated primary MDR-TB cases in China, 2013.

Kyasanur Forest disease outbreak was confirmed proactively among nomadic tribes habitating in a reserve forest in Malappuram district, Kerala, India in May 2014. Vaccination has been undertaken along with enhanced surveillance and health education of tribals on prevention of tick bites. Image: The process of blood sample collection in field.

This study demonstrates evidence of spatial clustering in human cases of CCHF reported in the country during year 2013. A large multi-district cluster was found in Balochistan province near Afghanistan border. Another cluster was detected in Punjab that included district Rawalpindi and a part of Islamabad. Those districts may be targeted for research and healthcare interventions on priority such as public awareness programmes, one health initiative etc. Image: Spatial clusters of confirmed reported human cases of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Pakistan.