Brass Band Instruments

The CornetOften confused with a trumpet, the cornet is the most
numerous and main melody instrument of a brass band. There are 2 types
used in a brass band, Eb and Bb. The Eb Cornet or Soprano Cornet has
the highest sound or "pitch" of any instrument in the band, and often
plays high solo parts over the main melody. A band normally only uses
one of these but may use nine or more Bb Cornets. These Bb cornets
cover a number of different parts: (i) Solo Cornets plays most of the
melody parts in the band (ii)The 2nds & 3rds may play in harmony or
unison with the Solos, or provide rhythms (iii) Repiano, the nomad of
the section, lending weight to other cornet parts when needed.

The Bb Flugel

The Flugel Horn, which looks a bit like an
overgrown cornet, is the link between the cornet and the horns. Like
the cornet, it is pitched in Bb, and may be used to support the cornet
section or horn section. However, because of its mellow tone, is more
and more used as a solo instrument especially in arrangements of modern
tunes. Outside brass bands it is used extensively in the Jazz world.

The Eb Tenor Horn

The Eb Tenor Horn, which looks like a small tuba, is
only found in brass bands. A member of the Saxhorn family of
instruments, it provides much of the "middle filling" of the band. Its
role tends to be rhythmic, but more and more is used as a solo
instrument, because of it's beautiful haunting tone. Bands tend to use
3, covering the Solo, 1st and 2nd Horn parts, which usually work in
harmony with each other.

The Bb Baritone

The Baritone, like the horn, is a member of the
saxhorn family, and occupies the middle of the band. It often works
with the horns, but also provides valuable support to the euphoniums
when the melody line moves towards the lower end of the band. A band
will use two, to cover 1st and 2nd Baritone parts.

The Bb Trombone

The Trombone is the odd man out in the brass band.
Whereas all the other brass instruments use valves to get different
notes, the trombonist must use a slide. In brass bands they tend to
provide punch and drive to rhythms and melodies. A band will also use a
Bass Trombone which provides a link to the bass section. The bass
trombone is also the only instrument in the band that uses the bass
clef. The trombone is also widely used in jazz, classical and popular
music.

The Euphonium

The Euphonium is the second melody instrument in the
band, valued for its powerful, soulful tone. It's bigger than the
baritone and often comes with a fourth valve. Perhaps the busiest
instrument in the band, as well as melodies, it plays counter melodies,
doubles cornet melodies, rhythms or helps out the bass section.

The Bass or Tuba

The Bass, or Tuba as it is known outside bands, are the
largest instruments in the band. Bands use two different types, EEb (or
"double Eb") and BBb ("double" in this case means "really big"!). The
"engine room" of the band, the basses generally provide the musical
pulse of a piece and much of the incredible rich tone brass bands are
so famous for. They occasionally play melody, although only the EEb
tends to be used as a solo instrument. It is also used widely in the
classical and jazz worl

Percussion

The percussion section of a brass band is like a
cross between a rock band and an orchestra!

As well and the traditional bass drum and snare drum,
bands regularly use drum kits and cymbals. Many will also have tuned
percussion like timpani, which are large tunable drums, and keyboard
percussion instruments like glockenspiels and xylophones.

Also used might be gongs, chimes, bongos, congas, all
forms of Latin percussion etc. Percussion sections are usually only
limited by the size of a band's bank balance!