Stevia Leaf to Stevia Sweetener: Exploring Its Science, Benefits, and Future PotentialAbstractSteviol glycoside sweeteners are extracted and purified from theStevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, a member of theAsteraceae (Compositae) family that is native to South America, where it has been used for its sweet properties for hundreds of years. With continued increasing rates of obesity, diabetes, and other related comorbidities, in conjunction with global public policies calling for reductions in sugar intake as a means to help curb these issues, low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCSs, also known as high-potency sweeteners) such as stevia are gaining interest among consumers and food manufacturers. This appeal is...Source: Journal of Nutrition - July 6, 2018 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Growth and Clinical Variables in Nitrogen-Restricted Piglets Fed an Adjusted Essential Amino Acid Mix: Effects of Partially Intact Protein-Based DietsAbstractBackgroundCurrent recommendations for protein levels in infant formula are intended to ensure that growth matches or exceeds growth of breastfed infants, but may provide a surplus of amino acids (AAs). Recent infant studies with AA-based formulas support specific adjustment of the essential amino acid (EAA) composition allowing for potential lowering of total protein levels. With the use of a combination of intact protein and free EAAs, we designed a formula that meets these adjusted EAA requirements for infants.ObjectiveOur objective was to test whether this adjusted formula is safe and supports growth in a protei...Source: Journal of Nutrition - June 13, 2018 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Bariatric Surgery Does Not Appear to Affect Women's Breast-Milk CompositionConclusionsBreast milk of women who have undergone BS appears to be adequate in energy, macronutrients, and vitamin A during the first 6 wk of lactation. This supports the conclusion that breast feeding should not be discouraged in this group of women. This trial was registered athttp://www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02515214. (Source: Journal of Nutrition)Source: Journal of Nutrition - June 13, 2018 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Leucine, Not Total Protein, Content of a Supplement Is the Primary Determinant of Muscle Protein Anabolic Responses in Healthy Older WomenAbstractBackgroundOlder adults show a blunted muscle protein synthesis (MPS) response to postprandial hyperaminoacidemia relative to younger adults. Evidence suggests that this anabolic resistance can be overcome by consuming greater quantities of leucine.ObjectiveThe purpose of this trial was to determine whether the addition of leucine to a smaller dose (10 g) of milk proteins would, when compared with a larger dose (25 g) of whey protein isolate (WPI), result in similar increases in acute (hourly) and integrated (daily) myofibrillar protein synthesis (myoPS).MethodsHealthy older (mean ± SD age: 69 ±&n...Source: Journal of Nutrition - June 13, 2018 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Butter Increases High-Density Lipoprotein Functional Capacity: Is This Compensation for Its Adverse Effect on Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol?Controversy over the dietary guidelines to reduce SFA intake rests heavily on the lack of evidence for a direct association between dietary SFAs and lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality (1,2). Evidence that a lower intake of SFAs reduces CVD events has been reported, and can be explained, in part, by the lowering of serum LDL cholesterol (2), a causal risk factor for the development of CVD (3). Somewhat counterintuitively, the effects of SFAs on the putatively beneficial serum HDL cholesterol run in parallel to that of LDL cholesterol, but how these diet-induced changes in HDL cholesterol impact on CVD risk is less...Source: Journal of Nutrition - June 13, 2018 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) —Iron ReviewAbstractThis is the fifth in the series of reviews developed as part of the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) program. The BOND Iron Expert Panel (I-EP) reviewed the extant knowledge regarding iron biology, public health implications, and the relative usefulness of currently available biomarkers of iron status from deficiency to overload. Approaches to assessing intake, including bioavailability, are also covered. The report also covers technical and laboratory considerations for the use of available biomarkers of iron status, and concludes with a description of research priorities along with a brief discussio...Source: Journal of Nutrition - June 7, 2018 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Growth and Clinical Variables in Nitrogen-Restricted Piglets Fed an Adjusted Essential Amino Acid Mix: Effects of Free Amino Acid –Based DietsAbstractBackgroundExcess protein intake in early life has been linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome in later life. Yet protein, and in particular the essential amino acids (EAAs), need to be present in adequate quantity to support growth.ObjectiveWith the use of a piglet model restricted in dietary amino acids (AAs), we compared the efficacy and safety of a standard formula with a low-AA formula containing an adjusted AA composition.MethodsFemale piglets (3 –7 d old; Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) were fed 1 of 4 isoenergetic AA-based formulas for 14 d (700 kJ · kg body weight−1&...Source: Journal of Nutrition - May 13, 2018 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

A Low Energy –Dense Diet in the Context of a Weight-Management Program Affects Appetite Control in Overweight and Obese WomenAbstractBackgroundLow energy –dense (LED) foods reduce energy intake (EI); whether this effect is sustained over time and during weight loss is unknown.ObjectiveThis trial examined the effects of LED compared with high energy –dense (HED) meals on appetite, EI, and control over eating in the laboratory and during a weight-management program that encourages unrestricted intake of LED foods [Slimming World, UK (SW)] compared with a self-led Standard Care program [NHS weight-loss plan (SC)].MethodsOverweight and obese women [n = 96; mean ± SD age: 41.03 ± 12.61 y; mean ± SD...Source: Journal of Nutrition - May 2, 2018 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research

Protein Intake at Breakfast Promotes a Positive Whole-Body Protein Balance in a Dose-Response Manner in Healthy Children: A Randomized TrialAbstractBackgroundProtein ingestion promotes whole-body net protein balance (NB) in children, which is a prerequisite for growth. Determining how much protein is required at breakfast to promote a positive NB, which may be negative after the traditional overnight fast in children, has yet to be determined.ObjectiveWe determined the impact of incremental doses of milk protein at breakfast as well as the impact of daily dietary protein distribution on NB in children.MethodsA total of 28 children [14 boys, 14 girls; age range: 7 –11 y; body mass index (mean ± SD, in kg/m2): 16.0 ± 1.9]...Source: Journal of Nutrition - May 2, 2018 Category: Nutrition Source Type: research