DEPARTMENT OF LICENSING

The following information is provided as a supplement to the Washington Driver Guide published in September 2009.

Correction

The Pedestrian Crossing sign* on the inside front cover of this guide, and on page 25, should appear as: * Color can be fluorescent green or yellow

New laws that may affect you Cell phone use restrictions
For all drivers, a violation of the laws relating to use of cell phones or other wireless communication device while operating a moving motor vehicle may be enforced as a primary action. The holder of an instruction permit or an intermediate license may not use a cell phone or other wireless communication device while driving a motor vehicle. An exception is made if the wireless communication device is being used to report illegal activity, summon medical or other emergency help, or to prevent injury to a person or property.

School and playground crosswalks

A vehicle driver who commits an infraction by failing to stop for a pedestrian or bicyclist within a crosswalk that is marked with school or playground speed zone signs receives twice the scheduled penalty for the infraction. Also, a driver in a school or playground speed zone receives twice the scheduled penalty if the driver commits an infraction by failing to exercise due care to avoid colliding with a pedestrian or failing to yield the right of way to a pedestrian or bicyclist on the sidewalk.

Driver precautions for wheelchair users and power wheelchair users

Drivers must take all necessary precautions to avoid injury when approaching users of wheelchairs and power wheelchairs. Drivers who fail to take such precautions may be liable in damages for any injury caused to users of wheelchairs and power wheelchairs.

Reporting to child protective services

When a child under age 13 is present in the car of a parent/ legal custodian/guardian being arrested for a drug- or alcoholrelated driving offense, the arresting law enforcement officer must promptly notify child protective services.

Operating golf carts on public roads in approved zones

A person may operate a golf cart on public roads in approved golf cart zones if they are at least 16 years old and have either completed a driver education course or have previous experience driving as a licensed driver. No person who has a revoked license can operate a golf cart on public roads in golf cart zones. Golf cart zones must be identified by a sign. Golf carts operating in golf cart zones must have seat belts, rearview mirrors, and reflectors. Operators must use the seat belt.

Electric vehicles

Persons operating a neighborhood electric vehicle (NEV) or medium-speed electric vehicle (MEV) in San Juan County may operate such vehicles on city streets and county roads that are not state routes if the road has a speed limit of 45 mph or less. The operator of such vehicles must not cross a roadway with a speed limit in excess of 45 mph unless the crossing occurs at an intersection of approximately 90 degrees, and may not cross an uncontrolled intersection with a roadway that is a part of the state highway system unless authorized by local authorities. Emergency zones are defined as the adjacent lanes of the roadway 200 feet before and after a stationary emergency vehicle with a siren or flashing lights, tow truck using red lights, emergency assistance vehicle using warning lights, or police vehicle using emergency lights. The fines for traffic infractions issued for speeding in an emergency zone or improper passing of a designated stationary vehicle are doubled, and the driver’s license of a person who recklessly endangers a worker or property in an emergency zone is subject to a 60-day suspension.

Emergency zones

030. no person is allowed to operate a motor vehicle with equipment capable of receiving a television broadcast when the moving images are visible to the driver while the motor vehicle is on a public road. motorcycle training schools that are under contract with DOL are authorized to administer the motorcycle endorsement examination. instruction permit.
Driver distractions – use of televisions in motor vehicles
The requirement is removed that equipment capable of receiving a television broadcast be located behind the driver’s seat.
. and ID card who are under the age of 26 must be given the opportunity to register with the Selective Service System (SSS). intermediate license.
Federal Selective Service System registration
All male applicants for a driver license.
The knowledge and drive test
Driver training schools licensed by the Department of Licensing and school districts that offer a traffic safety education program under the supervision of the Office of the Superintendent of Public Instruction are authorized to administer driver licensing examinations. what you need to bring
RCW 46. a public announcement will be made. Instead. 2012).010 cited on page 104 of the Driver Guide has been re-codified as RCW 46.Vehicle Licensing. An exemption is provided for live video of the motor vehicle backing up. In addition. When this change is started.16.16A. An applicant who declines to register with the SSS may not be denied the requested document if they meet all of the other requirements to receive the requested document (effective January 1.

Remember. but operating a vehicle safely is a huge responsibility. The Department of Licensing’s Driver Guide will help you understand the rules of the road and give you valuable information about safe and responsible driving.Message From The Governor
There’s nothing quite like the freedom and convenience that come with driving.
Christine Gregoire Governor
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. I encourage you to study carefully to help ensure a lifetime of safe driving. your success in earning a driver license and your safety out on our highways depend on your understanding of the information in this book.

Message From The Director Welcome to driving in Washington.dol.wa. Please remember to buckle up. One way we can accomplish this is through education and careful licensing of the nearly five million drivers sharing our streets and highways. Driving is a vital part of life. obey speed laws. Respect for traffic laws and respect for other drivers will keep us all safe on the road.gov. rules. and never drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs. and techniques that apply to every person who drives a vehicle in Washington State. visit our website at www. yet owning a vehicle and holding a driver license are privileges that require responsibility. I am pleased to present the Washington Driver Guide for current and future drivers on Washington roads. At the Department of Licensing. our mission is to work together for a safer Washington. This manual provides a summary of the laws. For more information about our services. Safe Driving
Liz Luce Director
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Your comments should be addressed to: Driver Examining Department of Licensing PO Box 9030 Olympia. refer to Title 46 RCW. and counties may go beyond state laws but cannot conflict with them. If you are interested in specific laws relating to motor vehicle operation and driver licensing.
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.dol.gov
The Department of Licensing has a policy of providing equal access to its services.This guide should not be used as a basis for legal claims or actions. please call (360) 902-3900 or TTY (360) 664-0116. WA 98507 Visit the our website at www. Traffic regulations in cities. towns.wa. If you need special accommodation. We welcome your written comments or suggestions. Please read it carefully. Motor Vehicles.

moped. you must show us proof that you have completed a drivertraining course meeting our standards before we will issue a Washington intermediate driver license. If you are under 18. province.gov for more information about our driver-training requirements.dol. or other public welfare benefits from the state or a local government • Get any state license at the resident rate • Pay in-state tuition fees as a student • Intend to live in this state for more than six months in any one year
New Residents
You must get a Washington State driver license within 30 days of becoming a resident.
Nonresidents and Visitors
If you are a nonresident or a short-term visitor. This applies to:
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. financial aid. or motor-driven cycle on public roadways in Washington State. or country and you are at least 16 years old. wa.
Washington Residents
To legally operate a vehicle on public roadways. territory. You are a resident if you do any of the following: • Register to vote in this state • Receive payments.THE DRIVER LICENSE
You must have a valid driver license to legally operate a motor vehicle. You may not need to take the knowledge test or the driving test if your out-of-state license is valid when you apply for a Washington license. Washington residents must get a Washington State driver license. motorcycle. Visit www. you can operate a motor vehicle in this state if you have a valid driver license from your home state.

• students who are here to further their education and who are considered nonresidents for tuition purposes. you will first receive an intermediate driver license.
Types of Driver Licenses
Instruction Permit – This permit allows you to operate a motor vehicle within Washington State while you are being supervised by a licensed driver with at least five years of licensed driving experience. or business people who are here for up to one year. If you are 16 or 17 years old. Enhanced Driver License – We offer an enhanced driver license as an acceptable alternative to a passport for reentry into the U.S. visit our website or see the Enhanced Driver License and ID Card brochure available at any of our offices.
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. Basic Driver License – This allows you to operate a motor vehicle on public roadways. • foreign tourists. as well as their spouses and children. A Washington instruction permit might not be valid in another state. we will issue you an intermediate license with restrictions meant to ease you into your responsibilities as a driver. at land and sea border crossings. teachers. • employees of companies licensed to do business in Washington State. For more information. who are here for a short time to receive or give job instruction. Your license is valid for five years from the date of your last birthday. Intermediate Driver License – If you are 16 or 17 and meet the requirements. The licensed driver must sit in the right-front passenger seat.• members of the Armed Forces on active duty or members of a foreign military on temporary duty with the Armed Forces.

available on our website or at any driver licensing office. see the Commercial Driver Guide available on our website or at any driver licensing office. If you are under 18. • pass the knowledge test and the vision and medical screenings. see the Motorcycle Operator Manual or the Sidecar/Trike Operator Manual. you must: • be at least 15-1/2 years old.Motorcycle or Trike Instruction Permit and Endorsement – These allow you to operate a motorcycle or a three-wheeled motorcycle-based vehicle on public roadways. • pay a $20 permit fee. When last names are different. we require more documents proving relationship.
Getting Your License
You can get an instruction permit or a driver license at our driver licensing offices. you must also bring your parent or guardian with you when you apply. Visit our website or check the Government section of the telephone book under “Licensing. Department of” for the office nearest you. be sure the one you plan to visit offers the testing you need. To get an instruction permit. For more information. We have more than 60 locations statewide. Commercial Driver Instruction Permit (CDIP) and Commercial Driver License (CDL) – These allow you to operate a commercial vehicle on public roadways. so before you come in. He or she must show proof of identity and proof of relationship to you and must also sign a Parental Authorization Affidavit. Some offices don’t offer testing. The permit is valid for one year and you can only renew it once.
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. For more information.

• not have been convicted of and must not have been found to have committed a traffic violation within the last six months before the day you apply for your license. RCW 26.150). • have had an instruction permit for at least six months. we will not require you to take the knowledge test before we issue your permit. you can get an instruction permit at age 15. • get the consent of a parent or guardian. • not have been issued a traffic ticket and must not have any traffic tickets pending when you apply for your license.If you are enrolled in an approved driver-training course. • show us that a parent or guardian certifies you have had at least 50 hours of driving experience. including 10 hours at night. To get an intermediate driver license. You will be required to take the knowledge test as part of your license test. • not have been convicted of and must not have been found to have committed an offense involving the use of alcohol or drugs while you had an instruction permit. which we will verify when you apply for a driver license (42 USC 405 and 666(a)(13). If you bring your Instruction Permit Application to prove you are enrolled in an approved course. you must: • be at least 16 years old. • pass the medical and vision screenings. which you gained while a licensed driver with at least five years of licensed driving experience supervised you. and the driving test. • show us proof that you have passed an approved drivertraining course with at least 30 hours of classroom and six hours of behind-the-wheel instruction. • provide your Social Security number. If you have not been issued a number.23. you can sign a Social Security Number Declaration.
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. the knowledge test.

On your 18th birthday. or a licensed driver who is at least 25 years old.m. unless you are with a parent. There are tough penalties in the first year: • 1st violation – the passenger and nighttime restrictions are extended until age 18 and a warning letter is sent to you and your parent or guardian if you receive a ticket for violating the restrictions or any other traffic law or you are involved in an accident where: • you receive a ticket • you are determined to have caused the accident • no one involved in the accident receives a ticket • no one was found to cause the accident • only your car was involved in the accident • 2nd violation –you are suspended for six months (or until age 18 if that comes first) • 3rd violation – you are suspended until age 18 You and your parent or guardian are notified before any suspension action is taken. • For the remaining time.m.
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.An intermediate license comes with these driving restrictions: • You cannot drive between 1 a. a guardian. no passenger under the age of 20 may be with you while you drive unless that person is a member of your immediate family. You do not need to visit a driver licensing office to make this change. and 5 a. • For the first six months. your license will become a basic driver license without the intermediate license restrictions. no more than three passengers under the age of 20 may be with you while you drive unless they are members of your immediate family.

150). • pay a $25 licensing fee.23. you must: • be at least 18 years old. • pay a $20 knowledge test fee. • provide your Social Security number. • pass the medical and vision screenings. If you have not been issued a number. or cancelled driving privilege. This fee is good for 90 days and one attempt. and the driving test. though you must show proof of your name of record and date of birth. The license will be marked “Not Valid for Identification” until you show us complete proof of identity. • show us acceptable proof of Washington State residence. the knowledge test.
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. You can get a first driver license without showing complete proof of identity. you will get one driving test attempt at no extra charge. • show us acceptable proof of identity and age. which we will verify when you apply for a driver license (42 USC 405 and 666(a)(13). RCW 26.To get a basic driver license. you can sign a Social Security Number Declaration. revoked. • turn in any other driver licenses. • not have a currently suspended. If you pass.

and you must correctly answer 20 of them to pass the test. You will take your test at a driver licensing office on a simple computer unless you need special accommodation. This information is also available on our website at www. You do not need to make an appointment for the knowledge test. If so.dol. It is a multiple-choice test with 25 questions.
The Knowledge Test
We use the knowledge test to be sure you understand road signs. Please refer to our “Identification and Residence Requirements” brochure for examples of acceptable documents that provide proof of identity and proof of Washington State residence.
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. We will also ask you whether you have a mental or physical condition or are taking any medication which could impair your ability to operate a motor vehicle. traffic laws. Everything you must learn to pass the test is in this guide. but you must start it at least 30 minutes before the office closes.gov. and safe-driving practices before you drive on the roadways. A passing test score is good for two years.Proof of Identity and Proof of Residence
Our identification requirements can be complex. we may require you to be examined by an eye care or medical specialist before we proceed with your application. If our check shows your vision meets the licensing standard only when you use corrective lenses.
Vision and Medical Screenings
We will check your vision before we issue a license.wa. your license may get a corrective-lenses restriction.

• present acceptable proof of liability insurance. It must be legally licensed and registered. and it must not have defective parts. once the test has begun. We will score your driving throughout the test. children. We will not try to confuse or trick you. parents. During the test.The Driving Test
We use the driving test to be sure you are able to legally and safely drive on the roadways. seat belts. Foreign language interpreters. tires. you must: • show correct arm and hand signals when we ask you to do so. or pets cannot be in the vehicle. any needless talking will only hamper it. our staff. brake lights.
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. You may use automatic signals during the test. turn signals. that you maintain control of the vehicle. Only you. Signal even when no one is nearby to see it. and an interpreter for the deaf or hard of hearing are allowed in the vehicle during the test. a service animal. You may ask questions before the test begins. We will ride with you to ensure that the vehicle is safe to drive. such as an insurance-company card or policy showing the policy holder’s name or the vehicle’s description and the dates of insurance coverage. and will not ask you to do anything that is illegal. You must use hand signals when signal lights cannot be seen by other drivers. you must: • first pass the knowledge test. We will check all brakes. and windshield wipers before the test begins. and that you obey the rules of the road. To take the driving test. • bring a vehicle.

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. • stop completely at all stop signs and signals. If you choose not to remove it. Before we take your photo. Let us know you’ve arrived. If you are applying for your first Washington driver license.
Your Photograph
Your new driver license.• turn your head and look to the rear for traffic and pedestrians when you are backing your vehicle. Do not back the vehicle until you can do so safely. if we have requested that you do so. instruction permit. we will ask you to remove anything that covers your face or head (like a hat or sunglasses). If you do not pass the test. You should arrive 15 minutes early for your driving test. use the side windows and mirrors. or ID card will include a photo showing a full front view of your face. your license will be marked “Not Valid for Identification. If you cannot see through the rear window.” We will make exceptions for medical and religious reasons. you must normally wait at least one week before you retest. you may make an appointment for the driving test only after you have passed the knowledge test and provided proof of residency. Do not stop in crosswalks or beyond stop lines. which gives you time to practice before you try again.

or if you must instead apply in-person at a driver licensing office. We may also require you to take the knowledge and driving tests. you will pay additional fees if you have motorcycle or CDL endorsements. or illegible. stolen. You will need to prove your identity and pay a $15 fee. destroyed. your parent or guardian must sign to give permission for the duplicate license. you must pay a $10 late fee plus the $25 renewal fee. If you renew your license more than 60 days after it has expired. by mail. or online or by mail 60 days before or 30 days after it expires. If you apply in-person. When last names are different. we will ask for more documents proving relationship. bring your current license or other proof of identity. If you are under the age of 18. If you wear contact lenses or glasses. We will mail you a courtesy reminder notice six weeks before your license expires.
Replacement License
If your license is lost.
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. In addition to the $25 license renewal fee. bring them with you for the vision test. The notice will inform you if you may renew online. You may renew in-person up to one year before it expires. Visit our website for information about identity theft and fraud. you may apply for a replacement at any driver licensing office.Driver License Renewal
Your renewed license is valid for five years and will expire on your birthday.

We can also add a permanent mailing address to your record along with the required residential address. You can lose your license for: • driving or being in physical control of a vehicle while you are under the influence of alcohol or drugs. you must drive safely at all times.Change of Address or Name
• an address change. • giving false information when you apply for a license. and the new residential address. Your driver license.
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Keeping Your Driver License
To keep your driver license. • being involved in a collision when you are uninsured. We may suspend the license of an uninsured driver involved in a collision for up to three years. failing to settle a civil court judgment resulting from the collision can result in a suspension for 13 or more years.
You must notify the Department within ten days of:
A name change may only be made in-person and you must bring documents proving identity in your new name. you must come to a driver licensing office and pay $10. • a legal name change. identification card. or instruction permit will be sent to your mailing address if one is provided. To get a document issued with your new address or name. • leaving the scene of a collision in which you were involved. driver license number. date of birth. Also. Address changes are free if you mail to us your full name. • refusing to allow a police officer to test you for alcohol or drugs. without first identifying yourself.

revoked. counterfeit. false. altered. or vehicular homicide. • lending a license to another person or for using another person’s license. • driving while your license is suspended. incorrect information. • failing to appear or failing to respond to a traffic citation or Notice of Infraction. or denied. or delivering a forged. • trying to elude a police vehicle. cancelled. • using a motor vehicle to commit a felony or for causing the death of someone in a motor vehicle collision. or unlawfully issued driver license or identification card. • racing. • reckless driving or reckless endangerment of a roadway worker.• failing to appear for a reexamination that we have requested. blank. selling. • carrying a license that shows a false name. or fraudulent alterations. vehicular assault. • receiving two or more traffic offenses while driving under the permission of an intermediate license. • using a driver license issued by another state while your driving privilege in Washington is suspended. • making. • having too many moving traffic violations on your driving record (Habitual Traffic Offender).
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. • leaving a gas station without paying for fuel you have pumped.

Sex-Offender Registration
State law requires the Department of Corrections to notify the county sheriff of any person residing in this state who has been found to have committed or has been convicted of any sex offense. We will charge $75 plus other licensing fees to reissue your license after a suspension. You then have 45 days to comply or we will suspend your driving privilege. we will charge $150 plus other licensing fees to reissue your license. An FTA for a violation committed on or after July 1. or pay a traffic infraction or criminal citation. If you do not comply.Failure to Appear
A Failure to Appear (FTA) notice is the result of failing to appear for. the suspension will not go into effect.
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. instructions to help you comply will be printed on the back. These persons must register with the sheriff of the county in which they reside. respond to. we will suspend your driving privilege and you must not drive. You may be arrested and your vehicle may be impounded if you are caught driving while your privilege is suspended. If you comply within the 45 days. After an alcohol-related suspension. the court notifies us and we will mail you a Notice of Suspension. If you don’t comply within 15 days. comply with. Contact your county sheriff for information. 2005 will prevent us from issuing any license. If you get a ticket. You also have the right to request an administrative review. Failure to register may result in criminal prosecution.

an employer.donatelifetoday.com. collisions. The donor symbol will appear on your license and your information will be given to the donor registry to ensure your wishes will be carried out. traffic infractions.
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. Copies of your driving record – We keep a record of license applications. and some volunteer organizations where you provide transportation. an insurance carrier.Other Licensing Services
Identification cards – We issue photo identification cards to non-drivers for $20. If you have moved. collision involvement. convictions for motor vehicle violations. Organ Donor Program – If you wish to be an organ donor. and Failure-to-Appear notices for every driver in the state. For a $10 fee. please tell us. Voter registration – You may register to vote at any driver licensing office if you meet the following requirements. we are allowed to provide a copy of your record to you. you may change your voter registration at the same time you give us a change of address. call LifeCenter Northwest at 1-877-275-5269 or visit the registry website at www. You must be: • a United States citizen whose civil rights are not currently revoked. • a Washington State resident. You must show the same identification that we require for a driver license. For more information. • at least 18.

motorcycles.BEFORE YOU DRIVE
Your safety and that of the public can depend on what you do before driving. and securing items in and on the vehicle. payable for the bodily injury or death of one person in a collision in which only one person was injured or killed. including adjusting the seat and mirrors.000 or more. checking your vehicle. maintaining a clear view. you must have liability insurance and carry an identification card proving you have such insurance. using safety belts.
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. Drivers of government vehicles. and • $10. You must have an automobile liability policy or bond from a state-approved insurance or surety company that provides the following: • $25. • $50. payable for injury to or destruction of property of others in any one collision.000 or more. payable for the bodily injury or death of two or more persons in any one collision. locking your doors.
Insurance Required
If you operate a motor vehicle registered in this state.000 or more. and common or contract carrier vehicles are exempt from this insurance requirement.

are making a lot of noise. smell funny. and sport utility vehicles (SUVs) manufactured after 1993 must have a third rear brake light mounted high in the center of the vehicle. If they do not seem to be working properly. you might not be able to get out of an emergency situation. You should follow the recommendations in your vehicle owner’s manual for routine maintenance. An out-of-line headlight can shine where it does not help you and may blind other drivers. or the brake pedal goes to the floor. A vehicle in good working order can give you an extra safety margin when you need it most. If you are having trouble seeing at night or if other drivers are constantly flashing their headlights at you. Lights – Make sure that turn signals. have a mechanic check them. tail lights. It is very dangerous if they are not working properly. Brake lights tell other road users that you are stopping and turn signals tell them you are turning. vans. A vehicle that is not working properly is unsafe and costs more to run than one that is maintained. Some you can do yourself and some must be done by a qualified mechanic.Check the Vehicle
Your safety starts with the vehicle you are driving.
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. brake lights. Braking system – Only your brakes can stop your vehicle. A few simple checks will help prevent trouble on the road. and headlights are operating properly. If a vehicle is not working well. It can break down or cause a collision. cars. It is the duty of drivers to make certain that the vehicles they drive are safe to operate. Passenger trucks. These should be checked from the outside of the vehicle. have a mechanic check the headlights.

it is difficult to control the direction you want to go. Worn tires can cause hydroplaning and increase the chance of a flat tire. Make sure all wipers are in good operating condition. have the steering checked by a mechanic. Check the tread with a penny. Never turn your vehicle’s ignition to the “lock” position while it is in motion. If the vehicle is hard to turn or does not turn when the steering wheel is first turned. Tires – Worn or bald tires can increase your stopping distance and make turning more difficult when the road is wet. Unbalanced tires and low pressure cause faster tire wear. have a mechanic check it. replace them. the tire is illegal and unsafe and you need to replace it. Windshield wipers keep the rain and snow off the windshield. or the vehicle pulls to one side. Check tire air pressure with an air pressure gauge when the tires are cold. Check the vehicle owner’s manual for the recommended pressure. If the vehicle bounces. If the tread does not come at least to Lincoln’s head (2/32 inch). This will cause the steering to lock if you try to turn the steering wheel and you will lose control of your vehicle. and make the vehicle harder to steer and stop. reduce fuel economy. Steering system – If the steering is not working properly. head first. the steering wheel shakes. Stick the penny into the tread. Some vehicles also have wipers for rear windows and headlights.Windshield and wipers – Damaged glass can easily break in a minor collision or when something hits the windshield.
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. Have a damaged windshield repaired or replaced. If the blades are not clearing water well.

glass. If this isn’t possible. and could stall when you are on the road causing you and traffic a problem. Loose objects – Unsecured objects. Horn – The horn may not seem like it is important for safety. Some exhaust leaks are easily heard but many are not. Have a mechanic check it. Litter – The fines for littering are severe. Make sure there are no objects at your feet or under your seats that could roll under the pedals or distract you while you drive. Engine – A poorly running engine may lose power that is needed for normal driving and emergencies. plastic. Exhaust system – The exhaust system helps reduce the noise from the engine. can become dangerous in a collision or a sudden stop.Suspension system – Your suspension helps you control your vehicle and provides a comfortable ride over varying road surfaces. such as groceries or luggage. Put loose objects into the vehicle’s storage compartments or trunk. secure the objects in place. gets poor fuel economy. Gases from a leaky exhaust can cause death inside a vehicle in a very short time. If you sit in a vehicle with the motor running for a long time. If the vehicle continues to bounce after a bump or a stop.
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. pollutes the air. you may need new shocks or suspension parts. or is hard to control. Vehicle drivers and passengers should always properly dispose of all waste paper. Only use your horn as a warning to others. helps cool the hot gases coming from the engine. but as a warning device. and potentially dangerous materials. and moves these gases to the rear of the vehicle. Never run the motor in a closed garage. it could save your life. This is why it is important to have the exhaust system checked periodically. Follow the procedures recommended in the owner’s manual for maintenance. open a window. may not start.

Here are some things you can do to help. so be sure you know the rules for your area. windshield.
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. To secure the load in your vehicle or trailer: • tie it down with rope. Smoking causes a film to build up on the inside glass. • consider covering the entire load with a sturdy tarp or net.
Clean Glass Surfaces
It is important that you are able to see clearly through the windows. Carry liquid cleaner and a paper or cloth towel so you can clean your windshield whenever it is necessary.Secure Your Load
You must secure any load you transport in your vehicle or trailer before driving on public roadways in Washington State. • Keep the inside of your windows clean. • Keep the windshield clean. Local laws may be more restrictive. • Keep your window washer bottle full. you can prevent harm to others and save yourself a costly fine. or straps. • don’t overload your vehicle or trailer. netting. • always double-check to make sure it’s secure. Use antifreeze wash in areas where the temperature could fall below freezing. especially if anyone has been smoking in the vehicle. Secure both the load and any items used to cover or secure it so they won’t become loose and hazardous to other road users. • tie large objects directly to your vehicle or trailer. Bright sun or headlights on a dirty windshield make it hard to see. By taking the time to make sure your load is properly secure. and mirrors.

Do not move the seat so far forward that you cannot easily steer. • Head restraints are designed to prevent whiplash if you are hit from behind. Adjust the side mirrors so that you can see a small amount of the side of your vehicle when you lean forward slightly. • Keep the headlights. make sure it is set for the time of day you are driving.
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. You should be able to see out the back window with the rear view mirror.
Adjust Seat and Mirrors
You should always check and adjust your seat and mirrors before you start to drive. or frost from all windows before driving. They should be adjusted so the head restraint contacts the back of your head. ice. If necessary. use a seat cushion. You should have clear vision in all directions. • You may not drive with more than three people in the front seat if it blocks your view or interferes with the control of your vehicle. • Adjust your seat so that you are high enough to clearly see the road. and at least one-third of the steering wheel should be between your hands. They could block your view. • Do not hang things from your mirror or clutter the windshield with decals. • Adjust your rear view mirror and side mirrors. You should sit so the air bag will hit you in the chest if there is a collision. Dirt on the lenses can reduce the light by 50 percent. sit so you can touch the floor below the brake pedal with your feet. This will help you see the traffic behind you.• Clear snow. brake. all controls should be within reach. Also. and tail lights clean. • If you have a day/night mirror. backup.

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. be sure to buckle your lap belt as well. with the shoulder belt over your shoulder and not under your arm or behind your back. motor homes. seat belts help you keep control of the vehicle. If your vehicle has a two-part seat belt system. You may have to pay a fine if you or your passengers under 16 are not wearing a seat belt or are not secured in a child car seat or booster seat. child car seats. Wearing either part alone greatly reduces your protection. not the abdomen. Always fasten your seat belt and make sure all passengers are properly using seat belts. Otherwise. • Passenger vehicles manufactured after January 1968 and trucks and multi-purpose passenger vehicles manufactured after January 1972 must have lap and shoulder belts or a lap belt at all seating positions. • Vans. the force could push you sideways. Passengers over 16 are responsible for wearing their belt and any fine. If you are struck from the side or make a quick turn. and vehicles carrying chassis mounted campers manufactured after January 1976 must have seat belts at all seating positions. In addition to protecting you from injury as a driver.Use Seat Belts and Child Restraints
In Washington State it is illegal to drive or to be a passenger without wearing seat belts. The lap belt should be across the hips. in a collision you could slide out of the belt and be hurt or killed. Also remember to lock the vehicle’s doors. be sure to wear and properly adjust them both. If you have an automatic shoulder belt. You cannot steer the vehicle if you are not behind the wheel. or booster seats. The law also requires that: • Any vehicle manufactured after January 1964 and registered in Washington State must have front laptype seat belts.

Children under the age of 13 must be secured in the back seat where it is practical to do so. Also. dashboard. your chances of being hurt or killed are greatly reduced. Studies have shown that if you are in a collision while using seat belts. While air bags are good protection against hitting the steering wheel. an air bag will not keep you behind the wheel in these situations. they do not protect you if you are hit from the side or rear or if the vehicle rolls over. Children under the age of 8 who are less than 4 feet 9 inches tall must be properly secured in an appropriate child-restraint system. For more information about child passenger safety. or windshield.
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. call 1-800-BUCK-L-UP.Seat belts must be worn even if the vehicle is equipped with air bags.

highway construction or maintenance personnel. or red lights. If you are stopped and the light turns green. There should be no oncoming or crossing traffic while the arrow is green. Be alert for signs that prohibit left turns. There are some intersections and other locations where there are single green. If you are turning left. and roundabouts. or traffic control person directs you. Proceed only when you see it is safe. right-ofway. You must yield to emergency vehicles and others as required by law.RULES OF THE ROAD
There are traffic rules that say where. come to a complete stop. These rules help keep traffic moving safely. You must obey directions from these persons. one lane of your half of the roadway.
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. Traffic lights are usually at intersections and are red. you must allow crossing traffic to clear the intersection before you go ahead. and parking rules. or school crossing guards. You must stop for pedestrians if they are in. A green arrow means you can safely turn in the direction of the arrow. yellow. A green light means you can go if it is safe. A yellow light means caution and a red light means stop. from top to bottom or left to right. A green traffic light means you can go through the intersection.
Traffic Signals
Traffic signals are lights that tell you when or where to stop and go. When turning right or left. If a traffic signal is not working.
Traffic Control Devices
Traffic control devices include traffic signals. Rules of the road include traffic control devices. Oncoming traffic has the right-of-way. or within. signs. or when a police officer. when. Traffic control also can be provided by law enforcement. you may turn but only when safe to do so. yellow. pavement markings. then yield to traffic as if it were a four-way stop. watch for pedestrians crossing in front of your vehicle. fire fighter. and green. and how fast you can drive.

you should prepare to stop and give the right-of-way to oncoming traffic before turning. how to get where you are going.
Traffic Signs
Traffic signs tell you about traffic rules. A yellow arrow means that the protection of a green arrow is ending and if you are turning in the direction of the arrow. If you are turning right. The inside cover of this guide shows the shape and color of common signs. A flashing yellow arrow means left turns are allowed. and where services are located. Be careful of pedestrians crossing in front of your vehicle. You may also turn left onto a one-way street with traffic moving left after coming to a full stop if there is no sign prohibiting turns on a red arrow when it is safe to do so. If you are in the intersection when the yellow light comes on. You may proceed when the red arrow goes out and a green arrow or light goes on. you may turn after coming to a full stop if it is safe and if there is no sign prohibiting the turn on a red arrow. do not stop but continue through the intersection. A flashing red traffic light means the same as a stop sign. A steady red traffic light means stop. A red arrow means you must stop and you cannot go in the direction of the arrow. If you are turning right. where you are. You must stop if it is safe to do so.
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. hazards. You must wait until the traffic light turns green and there is no crossing traffic before you may move ahead. A flashing yellow traffic light means slow down and proceed with caution. you may turn after coming to a full stop if it is safe and if there is no sign prohibiting the turn on a red light. You may also turn left onto a one-way street with traffic moving left after coming to a full stop if there is no sign prohibiting turns on a red light. You must come to a full stop and then may proceed when it is safe to do so.A steady yellow traffic light means the traffic light is about to change to red. The shape and color of these signs show the type of information they provide. but you must yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians.

Warning signs – These signs are usually yellow with black lettering or symbols and most are diamond shaped. or hazards ahead. special situations.
Cross Road
Stop Ahead
Speed Zone Ahead
Two-Way Traffic
Yield Ahead
Lane Ends. speed zones. Merge Left
Advance Warning: Bicycles
Pedestrian Crossing
School Crossing
Divided Highway (Road) Begins
Divided Highway (Road) Ends
Added Lane
Slippery When Wet
Sharp Curve Right
Hill
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. They warn you of sharp curves. These signs warn you to slow down and be prepared to stop if necessary. Some common warning signs are shown below.

• A white X-shaped sign or “crossbuck” with “Railroad Crossing” on it is located at the railroad crossing. When the lights are flashing. This sign has the same meaning as a “Yield” sign. You must yield to trains crossing the road. Do not drive around the gate. Wait until there is room on the far side so you will not have to stop on the tracks. Trains are large and may be moving faster than they look. Never start to cross until the traffic clears ahead. just in case you stall. Some common railroad crossing warning signs and signals are: • A round yellow warning sign with an “X” symbol and black “RR” letters is placed along the road before you get to a railroad crossing. along with the crossbuck sign. Do not cross until the bell or horn has stopped. Some crossings also have a bell or a horn that will sound. These signs warn you that there is more than one track and there may be more than one train crossing.
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C
R
O
S AD RO
S
IN
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R A IL
. you must stop. you will see side-by-side red lights that will flash alternately when a train is approaching. Never try to beat a train across the tracks. It is wise not to shift gears when crossing railroad tracks.
• At some crossings. • Crossings with more than one train track will often post a sign that shows the number of tracks. At some crossings there is also a crossing gate that will lower when a train is coming.Railroad crossing warning signs – Many railroad crossings have signs or signals to warn drivers to slow down and yield to trains. Not all crossings with more than one train track will have these signs so it is important to check for more than one track before crossing.

Slow Moving Vehicle sign – A reflective orange triangle on the rear of a vehicle means it is traveling less than 25 mph. You may see this decal on construction equipment and in rural areas on farm vehicles, horse drawn wagons, or carriages. Work area signs – These construction, maintenance, or emergency operations signs are generally diamond or rectangle shaped and orange with black letters or symbols. They warn you that people are working on or near the roadway. These warnings include reduced speed, detour, slow moving vehicles ahead, and poor or suddenly changing road surfaces. In work areas, traffic may be controlled by a person with a sign or flag. You must obey these persons. Motorists must yield to any highway construction personnel, vehicles with flashing yellow lights, or equipment inside a highway construction or maintenance work zone. Fines double for moving violations in construction areas when workers are present. Regulatory signs – These signs are square, rectangular, or have a special shape and are usually white, red, or black with black, red, white, or green letters or symbols. They give you information about rules for traffic direction, lane use, turning, speed, parking, and other special situations. Some regulatory signs have a red circle with a red slash over a symbol. These signs prohibit certain actions, such as, no left turn, no right turn, no U turn, etc.

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Common types of regulatory signs are: • Speed limit signs – These signs indicate the maximum safe speed allowed or the minimum safe speed required. The maximum limit should be driven only in ideal driving conditions and you must reduce your speed when conditions require it. For example, you should reduce your speed when the roadway is slippery, during rain, snow or icy conditions, or when it is foggy and difficult to see clearly down the road. Some high speed roads have minimum speed limits and you are required to travel at least this fast so you are not a hazard to other drivers. If the minimum posted speed is too fast for you, use another road. • Lane use control signs – These signs tell you where you can go or where you can turn and often use an arrow symbol. These signs can be located on the side of the road or hanging over the lane of travel. Sometimes arrows may be painted on the road as a supplement to the signs.

• No passing signs – These signs tell you where passing is not permitted. Passing areas are based on how far you can see ahead. They consider unseen hazards such as hills and curves, intersections, driveways, and other places a vehicle may enter the roadway. These signs, along with pavement markings, indicate where you can pass another vehicle, the beginning and ending of a passing zone, or where you may not pass. Where passing is permitted, you may do so only if it is safe. Be aware

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of road conditions and other vehicles. A triangular No Passing Zone sign can also be used. These signs are yellow or orange and placed on the left side of the roadway.

• Stop sign – A stop sign has eight sides and is red with white letters. You must come to a full stop at a marked stop line, but if none, before entering a marked crosswalk or, if none, at the point nearest the intersecting roadway where the driver has a view of approaching traffic. You must wait until crossing vehicles and pedestrians have cleared and pull forward only when it is safe. • Yield sign – A yield sign is a downward pointing triangle. It is red and white with red letters. It means you must slow down and yield the right-of-way to traffic in the intersection you are crossing or roadway you are entering. • Do Not Enter sign – A square sign with a white horizontal line inside a red ball means you cannot enter. You will see this sign at roadway openings that you should not enter, such as exit ramps where you would be going in the wrong direction, in crossovers on divided roadways, and at numerous locations on one-way streets.

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gas stations. They show the location of various services such as rest areas. follow the route signs to prevent you from getting lost. airports. • Traction Advisory signs – A rectangular sign with a white background and black letters. historical areas. or state lines or to special areas such as national parks.interstate. campgrounds. state. or hospitals. or museums. During the trip. U. There is a $500 penalty for failing to use chains when required.S. Common types of guide signs are: • Destination signs – These signs are square or rectangular shaped and are green or brown with white lettering. or county road. • Service signs – These signs are square or rectangular shaped and are blue or brown with white letters or symbols. These signs tell you when chains are required. You or your passenger must have and display a disabled person’s parking placard or license plate to park in these stalls. use a road map to determine your route..• Disabled Parking sign – A rectangular sign with a white background and green lettering.
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. • Route number signs – The shape and color of route number signs indicate the type of roadway . When planning a trip. and the international disabled person symbol in white on a blue background marks special parking stalls at businesses and stores. city. They show directions and distance to various locations such as cities. There is a $250 fine for parking in stalls without displaying the required placard or plate and for blocking the access aisle next to a space reserved for physically disabled persons.

A solid white line between lanes of traffic means that you should stay in your lane unless a special situation requires you to change lanes. which lanes to use for turns. • Yellow lane markings – Solid yellow lines mark the left edge of one-way roads and separate traffic moving in opposite directions. You should not drive to the right of the edge line. Edge and Lane Lines – Solid lines along the side of the road show you where the edge of the road or lane is located.
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.
One solid.
Dashed yellow line – All traffic may pass when safe. one dashed yellow line – Traffic next to the dashed line may pass when safe.Pavement Markings
Lines and symbols on the roadway divide lanes. where you must stop for signs or traffic signals. and define pedestrian walkways. tell you when you may pass other vehicles or change lanes. A dashed white line between lanes of traffic means that you may cross it to change lanes if it is safe. A dashed yellow line between opposing lanes of traffic means that you may cross it to pass if it is safe to do so.
Solid yellow lines – No passing allowed. • White lane markings – Solid white lines are used to mark both edges of two-way roads and the right edge of oneway roads.

You must yield when these lights are flashing. or circular islands in intersections. You may cross yellow lane markings. or across the space. Some crosswalks may also have in-pavement lights that are activated by crossing pedestrians.
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. It can also be formed either by 18 inch solid yellow pavement markings or by yellow crosshatchings between two solid yellow lines. Where there is both a solid and a dashed yellow line between opposing lanes of traffic. Two solid yellow lines between lanes of traffic means neither side can pass. Not all crosswalks are marked. or a median island. except medians. If the dashed line is on your side you are in the passing zone and may pass if it is safe. • Crosswalks and stop lines – When required to stop because of a sign or signal. if there is one. you may not pass if the solid yellow line is on your side.Some passing zones have signs that tell you where passing is permitted and where you cannot pass. • Medians – When a highway is divided into two or more roadways. This separation can be an open space. curbing that narrows the roadway. You must yield to pedestrians in or about to enter a crosswalk. Crosswalks define the area where pedestrians may cross the roadway. a highway divider. Be alert for pedestrians when crossing intersections or turning. • Other traffic control devices – There are other traffic control devices used to discourage speeding and reduce collisions in residential areas. These devices have a variety of shapes. slow down and keep to the right unless otherwise posted. to turn left if it is safe. You must return to your side before the passing zone ends. over. you must stop before your vehicle reaches the stop line or crosswalk. it is illegal to drive within. If you see speed bumps.

You may exit at any street or continue around if you miss your exit. Always yield to pedestrians and bicyclists who are legally crossing the road. roundabouts are designed for speeds of 15-20 mph. Once inside. Inside the circle. Slow down as you approach the intersection.Roundabouts
A roundabout is an intersection control device with traffic circulating around an island. Approaching vehicles must yield to the traffic in the circle. always drive around the circle to the right.
How to drive in a roundabout: 1. do not stop. 2. 3. Follow directions on signs or pavement markings about which lane to use.
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. Enter the roundabout when there is a gap in traffic.

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.Reversible Lanes
Some travel lanes are designed to carry traffic in one direction at certain times and in the opposite direction at other times.
Reserved Lanes
On various roadways. • “HOV” stands for “High Occupancy Vehicles” and indicates lanes reserved for vehicles with more than one person in them. a red “X” means you cannot. These lanes are usually marked by double-dashed yellow lines. check to see which lanes you can use at that time. one or more lanes may be reserved for special vehicles. Before you start driving in them. as well as the days and hours to which it applies. Special lights are often used. “HOV 3” means there must be at least three people in the vehicle. A steady yellow “X” means that the use of the lane is changing and you should move out of it as soon as it is safe to do so. A green arrow means you can use the lane beneath it. Signs say how many people must be in the vehicle. For example. These lanes often have a white diamond posted at the side of the road or painted on the road surface. Reserved lanes are marked by signs stating that the lane is reserved for special use. • “Transit” or “bus” means the lane is for bus use only. • “Bicycle” means the lane is reserved for bicycles. A flashing yellow “X” means the lane is only for turning. There may be signs posted by the side of the road or overhead.

Do not stop in travel lanes for any reason (confusion. On a road with two lanes traveling in opposite directions. If you miss your turn or exit. Enter the lane only when it is safe to do so. Keep moving until you can safely pull off the road. but go on to the next turn or exit or where you can safely turn around. do not back up. On the pavement.Two-Way Left Turn Lanes
These shared center lanes are reserved for vehicles making left turns in either direction from or into the roadway (or U turns when they are permitted). letting out a passenger). In Washington State it is illegal to give or to seek a ride on any limited access roadway such as a freeway unless otherwise posted. Drivers do not expect a vehicle to be backing towards them and may not realize it until it is too late. It is illegal to back up on a shoulder or a freeway. left turn arrows for traffic in one direction alternate with left turn arrows for traffic coming from the other direction. you must drive on the right side of the road except when you are legally passing another vehicle. No person seeking a ride may stand on or along a public highway or street where a vehicle cannot safely stop off the main traveled portion of the roadway. breakdown.
General Rules
General driving – If you back your vehicle. look carefully and move slowly. These lanes are marked on each side by a solid yellow and dashed yellow lines. These lanes cannot be used for passing and cannot be used for travel further than 300 feet.
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the middle lanes for higher speeds. The speed limit is 25 mph and pedestrians have the right-ofway at all times. vehicle registration. If you pass on the right. and the left-hand lane for passing only. Waiting for a ferry – While waiting to board a Washington State ferry (except the Keller Ferry). However. stay in the right lane except to pass. you cannot block a residential driveway and you cannot move in front of another vehicle already in a queue waiting to board unless a ferry employee directs you.
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. use the right lane for slower speeds. The beach is considered a state highway so all road. You may only enter the beach with your vehicle through marked beach approaches and you may only drive on hard-packed sand. Watch for beach closure signs and signs that occasionally prohibit beach driving. the other driver may have difficulty seeing you and might suddenly change lanes in front of you. On roads with more than two lanes traveling in the same direction. vehicles towing a trailer or vehicles over ten thousand pounds may not use the left-hand lane unless otherwise posted. On a road with three or more lanes traveling in the same direction. and driver licensing regulations apply. this does not prevent these vehicles from using the HOV lanes. Never pass on the shoulder. Other drivers will never expect you to be there and may pull off the road without looking. never drive on the shoulder of the road. whether it is paved or not. Unless directed to do so by officials or signs.On a road with two or more lanes traveling in the same direction. On limited access roadways of three or more lanes in one direction. use the center travel lane. the left-hand lane is intended to be used for passing slower vehicles. Driving on ocean beaches – Driving is allowed on ocean beaches in Grays Harbor and Pacific counties. Passing – On a road with two lanes traveling in the same direction. if there is a lot of entering or exiting traffic.

the driver behind you may think you are changing lanes or turning left and may try to pass you on the right. you can change to another lane if you need to.
Incorrect
Correct
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. When making turns. If you swing wide. go from one lane to the other as directly as possible without crossing lane lines or interfering with traffic. Once you have completed your turn.Turning – Turn from the lane that is closest to the direction you want to go and turn into the lane closest to the one you came from.
• Right turns – On right turns avoid moving wide to the left before going into the turn. If you swing wide as you complete the turn. drivers who are in the far lane will not expect to see you there.

Check with local police to be sure. • a valid driver license. four-wheeled vehicles that can be driven on roads posted 35 mph or less. • U Turns – You should only make a U turn when it is safe. and a gas or electric motor. However. avoid starting the turn so soon that you are turning on the wrong side of the street. Medium-speed Electric Vehicles (MEV). and other safety equipment. but it must have state patrol-approved reflectors to be driven at night. No insurance and vehicle or driver license is required. A MEV can reach speeds of 30-35 mph and is equipped with a roll-cage or a crush-proof body design.• Left turns – When making a left turn. U turns should not be made on any curve or when approaching the crest of a hill when your vehicle cannot be seen by others. • Multiple lanes turning – If there are signs or lane markings that allow for two or more turning lanes. To drive these. be sure to leave room for oncoming vehicles to turn left in front of you.
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. stay in your lane during the turn. A MFS must have handlebars. Some towns and cities do not allow U turns. A NEV can reach speeds of 20-25 mph. two ten-inch or smaller wheels. you must have: • a vehicle registration and plates. child restraints. the vehicle may be impounded. Neighborhood Electric Vehicles (NEV). • use of seat belts. No Endorsement – If you operate any vehicle without having the required endorsement. and Motorized Foot Scooters (MFS) – Both NEV and MEV are electrically powered. • liability insurance.

there are laws governing who must yield the right-of-way. For their own safety pedestrians should walk toward oncoming traffic and off the roadway. The law says who must yield the right-of-way. You should be ready to yield to pedestrians in case they step into your path. or bicyclist to continue safely. it does not give anyone the right-of-way.
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.Right-Of-Way
There will be many times when you will need to slow down or stop your vehicle to allow another vehicle. You must do everything you can to prevent striking a pedestrian. or another vehicle. pedestrian. on foot or in a wheelchair. A pedestrian crossing a roadway at any point other than in a marked crosswalk or within an unmarked crosswalk at an intersection must yield the right of way to all vehicles on the roadway. Even if there are no signs or signals to regulate traffic. regardless of the circumstances.

Drivers must yield where necessary to avoid striking pedestrians and bicyclists who are crossing the road. the vehicles may go.The following right-of-way rules apply at intersections: • Pedestrians and bicyclists have the right-of-way at crosswalks and intersections.
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. whether the crosswalk is marked or not.
• Vehicles must stop if a pedestrian or bicyclist is within one lane of their half of the roadway.
• Once the pedestrian or bicyclist is beyond one lane of their half of the roadway. • Vehicles must stop if a pedestrian or bicyclist is in their half of the roadway.

It is illegal to drive on a sidewalk except to cross it. yield sign. or traffic signal. • Drivers passing a vehicle going in the same direction must be ready to yield in case the other driver suddenly turns. the vehicle on the right goes first. • Drivers entering a roundabout must yield to drivers already in the circle. • Drivers turning left must yield to oncoming vehicles and pedestrians and bicyclists.• Drivers crossing a sidewalk while entering or exiting a driveway. It is unlawful to interfere with or distract a service animal. goes first (after coming to a complete stop). • At a four-way stop the driver reaching the intersection first. parking lot. • Drivers must not enter an intersection unless they can get through it without having to stop. If more than one vehicle arrives at the same time. or stops.
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. or parking lot must stop and yield to pedestrians. Do not use your horn as it could confuse or frighten the pedestrian or the service animal. You should wait until traffic ahead clears so you are not blocking the intersection. • Pedestrians using a guide dog or other service animal or carrying a white cane have absolute right-of-way. drivers must yield to vehicles in the intersection and to those coming from the right. • You must yield the right-of-way to trains crossing the roadway. alley. • Drivers entering a road from a driveway. or roadside must yield to vehicles already on the main road. slows down. • At an intersection where there is no stop sign. alley.

the opposite side of the road or at an intersection you are approaching.is separated by a median. Follow any instructions given over the emergency vehicle’s loudspeaker.is separated by a physical barrier. . drive through the intersection before you pull over. and stop when you see or hear an emergency vehicle approaching from any direction. If the light is red. stay where you are. Pull over to the right edge of the road. You are not required to stop for a school bus with red lights flashing when the stopped school bus is traveling in the opposite direction and the roadway: . • You must stop for a school bus that is stopped with its red lights flashing whether it is on your side of the road. ambulance. fire engine. • You must yield to any transit vehicle (bus) that has signaled and is pulling back onto the roadway.
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. or other emergency vehicle using a siren. air horn. or as near to the right as possible. or . After the school bus red lights have stopped flashing. watch for children along the side of the road and do not proceed until they have completely left the roadway. If you are in an intersection.has three or more marked traffic lanes.• You must yield the right-of-way to a police vehicle. or a red or blue flashing light.

• and there is no curb. If you have to use the street side. park your vehicle as far away from traffic as possible. This way. • Check traffic before you open the door. • Always park in a designated area if possible.
Parking on a Hill
When you park on a hill: • with a curb and are facing uphill. set your parking brake and turn your steering wheel away from the curb. • Always set your parking brake when you park. • It is against the law to leave children under 16 years of age alone in a parked car with the engine running. it will roll away from traffic. set your parking brake and turn your steering wheel toward the curb. set your parking brake and turn your steering wheel toward the edge of the road. It is a good habit to lock the doors whenever you leave your vehicle. Shut the door as soon as you can after getting out.
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. • Never leave the ignition key in a parked vehicle. This way. • facing downhill. check traffic before you get out. it will roll into the curb. Get out of the vehicle on the curb side if you can. Leave the vehicle in gear if it has a manual transmission or in “park” if it has an automatic transmission. Whenever you park. be sure it is in a place that is far enough from any travel lane to avoid interfering with traffic and visible to vehicles approaching from either direction.Parking
Drivers are responsible for making sure their vehicle is not a hazard when it is parked. If there is a curb. if your vehicle starts to roll. park as close to it as you can. if your vehicle starts to roll. • If you must park on a roadway.

park within 12 inches of the curb. • Turn the wheel sharp right and pull toward the curb in the center of the parking space. • When clear of the car ahead.Parallel Parking
When you parallel park. turn the wheel sharp left and back slowly to the car behind. Turn the wheel sharp right and back slowly toward the car behind.
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. Here are the steps to parallel parking: • Stop even with the car ahead.

• on a crosswalk or sidewalk. • more than 12 inches from the curb. alley.No parking zones – There are many areas where you cannot park. • in a space marked for the disabled unless you have a disabled license plate or placard. Some parking restrictions are indicated by colored curb markings. • on railroad tracks. Check for signs that may prohibit or limit parking. • wherever there is a sign that says you cannot park. • within 20 feet of a fire station driveway on the same side of the street or within 75 feet of the fire station driveway on the other side of the street. • within 5 feet of a driveway. • on a bridge or overpass or in a tunnel or underpass. • within 30 feet of a traffic signal. • on the wrong side of the street. • within 20 feet of a pedestrian safety zone. • in a construction area if your vehicle will block traffic. private road. • within 50 feet of a railroad crossing.
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. or yield sign. • on the shoulder of the freeway unless you have an emergency. • within 15 feet of a fire hydrant. or area of the curb removed or lowered for access to the sidewalk. Do not park: • in an intersection. stop sign. • on the road side of a parked vehicle (double parking).

Other parking restrictions may be indicated by signs or curbs painted: • white indicates that only short stops are permitted. • yellow/red indicates a loading zone or some other restriction.
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.

Make sure the parking brake is on before you start the vehicle. With a manualshift vehicle.SAFE DRIVING TIPS
No driver manual can teach you how to operate a vehicle or be a safe driver. practice using the clutch and accelerator so the engine does not over-rev or stall when shifting gears. putting your elbow out the window. For a vehicle that has an automatic transmission.”
Accelerating
Accelerate gradually and smoothly. This position is comfortable and on high speed roads it allows you to make turns without taking your hands off the wheel.
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. Leaning against the door. it must not be in gear and in some vehicles the clutch must be depressed. or driving with one hand can keep you from reacting quickly in an emergency. and cause the vehicle to slide. you must put the shift selector in “park. If the vehicle has a manual transmission. The following offers some basic driving information. Trying to start too fast can cause your wheels to spin.
Starting
Check the vehicle owner’s manual to determine the best way to start the vehicle. particularly on slippery surfaces. It also positions your hands out of the way of the air bag. Driving requires skills you can only gain through instruction and practice.
Steering
Your hands should be placed on opposite sides of the steering wheel (left hand between 8 and 9 o’clock and right hand between 3 and 4 o’clock).

Look well down the road and on both sides of the road. This way. Obey speed limit signs. Speed limits. you have time to steer smoothly and safely. People are not very good at judging how fast they are going. are: • 20 mph in school zones. They are there for your safety. • Parts of interstate highways may be posted with higher maximum speeds. This is especially true when you leave high speed roads and are driving on much slower local roads. • 50 mph on county roads. not just at the road in front of your vehicle. Letting it slip through your fingers could be dangerous. straighten out the steering wheel by hand. • 60 mph on state highways. Look for traffic situations where you will need to steer before you get to them. unless otherwise posted. When you complete a turn. When turning sharp corners. • 25 mph on streets of cities and towns. Check the speedometer often. It is easy to be traveling much faster than you think. turn the steering wheel using the “hand-over-hand” technique.
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.
Speeding and Speed Limits
The best way to avoid speeding is to know how fast you are going.

Do not take your eyes off the road for more than a few seconds at any one time.
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. Many collisions occur because drivers do not pay enough attention to their driving. If you need to look at a map. The single biggest contributor to collisions is failing to see what is happening. You must look down the road. to the sides.
Seeing Well
Most of what you do in driving depends on what you see. and behind your vehicle and be alert for unexpected events. and if you do. Do not try to read the map while you are driving. You must not drive with more than three people in the front seat if it blocks your view or interferes with your control of the vehicle. By slowing down or changing lanes. You must be alert to what is going on around you. you need to see well. When you brake quickly. you could skid and lose control of your vehicle. pull safely off the road before you try to look at it. drivers reported that they were looking but did not see them. Stopping suddenly is dangerous and usually points to a driver who was not paying attention. In many collisions with motorcycles. You also make it harder for drivers behind you to stop without hitting you. you may not have to stop at all. Try to avoid panic stops by seeing events well in advance. bicycles and pedestrians. you must use your headlights.Stopping
Be alert so that you know well ahead of time when you will have to stop. To be a good driver. you can make a more gradual and safer stop. At night and at other times when it’s hard to see.

even in “hands free” mode. • doing so using a global-positioning or navigation system permanently affixed to the vehicle. 2008. • operating an authorized emergency vehicle. while you operate a vehicle that is in motion. • relaying information between a transit or for-hire operator and that operator’s dispatcher using a device permanently affixed to the vehicle. Effective July 1. • operating an authorized emergency vehicle. Talking on a cellular phone or radio can distract you from driving. • summoning medical or other emergency help.Driver Distractions
You cannot use an electronic wireless-communications device to send. read. Avoid using an electronic wireless-communications device. • operating an amateur radio station under a Federal Communications Commission license.
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. • operating a tow truck responding to a disabled vehicle. • preventing injury to a person or property. you cannot hold a wirelesscommunications device to your ear while operating a motor vehicle unless you are: • reporting illegal activity. • preventing injury to a person or property. • summoning medical or other emergency help. or write a text message while operating a motor vehicle unless you are: • reporting illegal activity. • using a hearing aid.

someone getting a ticket. you should look well down the road. you can drive more safely. How far is this? It is the distance that your vehicle will travel in ten seconds. Do not slow down just to look at a crash. This law does not apply to motorcyclists wearing a helmet with built-in headsets or earphones or to handsfree cellular phone systems. If you take your eyes off the road to look at something. as you can. This could cause you to be in a collision. or other roadside activity. help keep traffic moving at a steady pace. and signs giving you directions. This also can increase congestion. and as safely. vehicles and people that may be in the road by the time you reach them.
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. you must know what is happening around your vehicle. and behind the vehicle. signs warning of problems ahead. Look ahead – In order to avoid last-minute braking or the need to turn. to the sides. When you pass these roadside activities. Safer drivers tend to look at least ten seconds ahead of their vehicle. keep your eyes on the road and get past them as soon. Scanning helps you to see problems ahead. This will also help you to steer straight with less weaving. and allow yourself time to see better around your vehicle and along the side of the road. save on fuel. By looking well ahead and being ready to stop or change lanes if needed. you could run into a vehicle ahead that has slowed or stopped. You must look ahead. These are illegal in Washington and many other states and make it hard to hear emergency horns or sirens.
Scanning
To be a good driver.Do not drive with head or earphones that cover or go in your ears.

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. 1. near the road about as far ahead as you are looking.. When you drive in city traffic. 2. etc. On the highway.
On the highway look ten seconds ahead. Find a non-moving object. 3. How do you know how many seconds you are looking ahead? Here is how to figure how far ahead you are looking. Start counting: one-one-thousand. three-one-thousand. The number of seconds you have counted is the number of seconds ahead that you were looking. two-one-thousand.In the city look ten seconds ahead.
In the city ten seconds is about one block. ten seconds is about four city blocks or a quarter of a mile. like a sign or telephone pole. until you reach the object. you should try to look at least one block ahead.

Look to the sides – As other vehicles. The less you have to stop or turn quickly.
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.You can be a safer driver by looking well ahead. By looking well ahead. Look one more time in the direction of oncoming traffic before you turn. or bicyclists are in your path. driveways. This is especially true at intersections and railroad crossings. look to the left and right for vehicles. Intersections – Intersections are any place where traffic merges or crosses. you can drive more safely and help drivers behind you drive more safely too. Drivers who look ahead can slow down gradually or change lanes and avoid unnecessary braking that leads to lower miles-per-gallon. pedestrians. By seeing needed driving changes early. or bicyclists. They include: cross streets. You can avoid the need to stop or turn quickly. Check the street you are turning into to make sure that no vehicles. the less often someone behind you has to react quickly to your vehicle. look to the left and right before you start moving. If stopped. turn on your left turn signal at least 100 feet ahead and look for a safe gap in the traffic. pedestrians. The earlier you act. Before you turn left across oncoming traffic. and shopping center or parking lot entrances. side streets. Traffic would flow more smoothly if everyone looked well ahead. Look across the intersection before you start to move to make sure the path is clear all the way through the intersection and you will not block it if you have to stop. or bicyclists may cross or enter your path anytime. pedestrians. Every time you have to stop quickly. it takes time and fuel to get your vehicle back up to speed. the less likely you are to run into someone or have someone run into you. you can save on fuel. look to the sides to make sure no one is coming. Before you enter an intersection. Making driving changes before the last moment gives drivers behind you more time to react.

Therefore. crossing drivers can see the front of your vehicle before you can see them. After stopping. Some drivers do not obey traffic signals or signs. By moving forward slowly. playgrounds. Others who may not stop are individuals who may be driving under the influence or other reckless drivers. and school yards. If you were stopped and your view of a cross street is blocked. you may turn right on red unless prohibited. Do not rely on traffic signals or signs to tell you that no one will be crossing in front of you. turn on your right turn signal at least 100 feet ahead and make sure that there is no traffic approaching from your left and no oncoming traffic turning left into your path. This is especially important just after the light has turned green. Make sure you can clearly see crossing traffic before entering an intersection. This is when people on the cross street are most likely to hurry through the intersection before the light changes to red. construction areas. You may also turn left from a one-way or twoway street into a one-way street unless prohibited. busy sidewalks. At an intersection look left and right even if other traffic has a red light or a stop sign.Before turning right. it is very important to look to the sides when you are near shopping centers. This gives them a chance to slow down and warn you if needed. Whenever there is a lot of activity along the side of the road. parking lots. Do not begin your turn without checking for pedestrians crossing where you will be turning.
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. there is a good chance that someone will cross or enter the road. edge forward slowly until you can see.

or are driving down a long or steep hill. Make sure that nobody is about to pass you. you must check that there are no vehicles in the lane you want to enter. turn your radio down or off.
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. stop talking. put the window down. Another train may be hidden by the one that just passed. wait until the passing train is well down the track before starting to cross. When changing lanes. merging onto a roadway from an entrance ramp. • Look in your rearview and side mirrors. slow down. This means you must check for traffic to the side and behind your vehicle before you change lanes. Make sure there are no vehicles in the lane you want to enter. You need to check more often when traffic is heavy. back up. Changing lanes includes: changing from one lane to another. check traffic behind you. and entering the roadway from the curb or shoulder. At crossings with more than one track. you should: • Turn on your turn signal in the direction you are moving. and look and listen for a train. When changing lanes – Whenever you want to change lanes. This is the only way you will know if someone is following too closely or coming up too fast and will give you time to do something about it. Look behind – Besides watching traffic ahead of you.Railroad crossings – As you approach a railroad crossing. Never start to cross until the traffic clears ahead. Wait until there is room on the far side so you will not have to stop on the tracks. It is very important to look for vehicles behind you when you change lanes. If you are not sure it is safe to cross the tracks. slow down and look up and down the tracks to make sure a train is not coming.

Traffic ahead of you could stop suddenly while you are checking traffic to the sides. merge. Check over your shoulder just before you change lanes for traffic in your blind spot. Also. Do not take your eyes off the road ahead for more than an instant. Look several times. Be sure no one is near the rear corners of your vehicle. Remember that there are other road users such as motorcycles.
BLIND SPOT
BLIND SPOT
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. rear. Be especially alert when you are entering the roadway from a curb or driveway. • Check quickly. but not for too long a period at any one time. or pull onto the roadway. • Check the far lane. You must turn your head and look to see vehicles in your blind spot. and pedestrians that are harder to see than cars and trucks. Be sure to check the far lane. • Check for other road users. Someone in that lane may be planning to move into the same lane you want to enter. if there is one. bicycles. if you need to. You must keep track of what traffic is doing in front of you and in the lane you are entering. or over your shoulder. These areas are called “blind spots” because you cannot see them through your mirrors. use your mirrors to check traffic while you are preparing to change lanes.• Look over your shoulder in the direction you plan to move. This way you can keep an eye on vehicles ahead of you at the same time.

Do not depend on your rearview or side mirrors to help you see directly behind your vehicle. Where backing is necessary.
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. your vehicle is much harder to steer while you are backing. • Whenever possible use a person outside the vehicle to help you back. such as driveways or parking spaces. This is very important when you slow down quickly or at points where a following driver would not expect you to slow down. When going down a long or steep hill – Check your mirrors when you are going down hills or mountain roads. • Place your right arm on the back of the seat and turn around so you can look directly through the rear window. In a shopping center try to find a parking space you can drive through so you can drive forward when you leave. • Check behind your vehicle before you get in. You must stop before backing across a sidewalk or into a street. here are some hints that will help you back your vehicle safely.When you slow down – You must check behind your vehicle whenever you slow down. Children or small objects cannot be seen from the driver’s seat. • Back slowly. When you back up – It is hard for you to see behind your vehicle. Look left and right and yield to any pedestrians or vehicles. Try to do as little backing as possible. Be alert for large trucks and buses that may be going too fast. Vehicles often build up speed going down a steep grade.

Light from high beams will reflect back.Use Your Lights
By law. Some vehicles have fog lights that you should also use under these conditions. High beams let you see twice as far as low beams. your vehicle’s headlights must be turned on from a half hour after sunset until a half hour before sunrise. Here are some things you can do that will help you see better: • Use your high beams whenever there are no oncoming vehicles. • Use the low beams in fog or when it is snowing or raining hard. or where there may be people along the side of the road. in construction areas. This will keep you from being blinded by the other vehicle’s headlights and allow you to see enough of the edge of the road to stay on course. • Dim your high beams whenever you come within 500 feet of an oncoming vehicle. It is important to use high beams on unfamiliar roads. If a vehicle comes toward you with high beams on. look away from the headlights and toward the right side of the road until the car has passed. If you do. causing glare and making it more difficult to see ahead.
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. Lights must also be on any time conditions make it difficult to see people or other vehicles. Do not try to “get back” at the other driver by keeping your bright lights on. both of you may be blinded. • Use your low beams when following 300 feet or less behind another vehicle.

Letting Others Know You Are There

Collisions often happen because one driver does not see another driver or when one driver does something the other driver does not expect. It is important that drivers let other road users know they are there and what they plan to do. Some drivers do not always pay attention to what is going on around them. It is important that other road users know you are there. Use headlights – Besides helping you to see at night, headlights help other people see you. Turn on your headlights whenever you have trouble seeing others. • On rainy, snowy, or foggy days, it is sometimes hard for other drivers to see your vehicle. In these conditions, headlights make your vehicle easier to see. Remember, if you turn on your wipers, turn on your headlights. • Turn on your headlights when it begins to get dark. Even if you turn them on a little early, you will help other drivers see you. • Whenever driving and lights are necessary, use your headlights. Parking lights are for parked vehicles only. • When driving away from a rising or setting sun, turn on your headlights. Drivers coming toward you may have trouble seeing your vehicle. • If you stop along the road at night, turn on your emergency flashers and leave your low beams on.

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Use your horn – People cannot see you unless they are looking your way. Your horn can get their attention. Use it whenever it will help prevent a collision. If there is no immediate danger, a light tap on the horn should be all you need. Give your horn a light tap: • when a person on foot or on a bike appears to be moving into your lane of travel. • when you are passing a driver who starts to turn into your lane. • when a driver is not paying attention or may have trouble seeing you. • when coming to a place where you cannot see what is ahead, like a steep hill, a sharp curve, or exiting a narrow alley. If there is danger, do not be afraid to sound a sharp blast on your horn. Do this: • when a child or older person is about to walk, run, or ride into the street. • when another vehicle is in danger of hitting you. • when you have lost control of your vehicle and are moving toward someone. When not to use your horn – There are several occasions when you should not use your horn. They include: • encouraging someone to drive faster or get out of the way. • letting other drivers know of an error. • greeting a friend. • around blind pedestrians. • passing bicyclists. • when approaching horses.

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Use emergency signals – If your vehicle breaks down on a highway, make sure that other drivers can see it. All too often collisions occur because a driver did not see a stalled vehicle until it was too late to stop. If available, use your two-way radio or cellular phone to notify authorities that your vehicle, or someone else’s, has broken down. Many roadways have signs that tell you the CB channel or telephone number to call in an emergency. If you are having vehicle trouble and have to stop: • Get your vehicle off the road and away from traffic, if at all possible. • Turn on your emergency flashers to show you are having trouble. At night, leave your headlights on. • Try to stop where other drivers have a clear view of your vehicle if you cannot get your vehicle off the roadway. (Do not stop just over a hill or just around a curve.) • Try to warn other road users that your vehicle is there. Place emergency flares 200 to 300 feet behind the vehicle. This allows other drivers to change lanes if necessary.

• If you do not have emergency flares or other warning devices, stand by the side of the road where you are safe from traffic and wave traffic around your vehicle.

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or at least not to be surprised by what you do. Signal even when you do not see anyone else around. This will give them time to react if needed. other drivers expect you to keep doing what you are doing. turn right or left. • Get into the habit of signaling every time you change direction. Either speed up or drop back so the other driver can see your vehicle more easily. Do not try to change a tire if it means you have to be in a traffic lane. or door handle to signal an emergency. side mirror. Do not drive in another vehicle’s blind spot. You will be in the driver’s blind spot. merge into traffic. • Avoid driving on either side of another vehicle and don’t tailgate. get through the other driver’s blind spot as quickly as you can. The longer you stay there.
Letting Others Know What You Are Doing
Generally. • Signal at least 100 feet before you make your move. Stay out of the blind spot – Drive your vehicle where others can see you. It is easy to miss someone who needs to know what you are doing. • Never stay beside a large vehicle such as a truck or bus. or park. These vehicles have large blind spots.• Never stand in the roadway. the longer you are in danger of that vehicle turning into you. • When passing another vehicle. • Lift the hood or tie a white cloth to the antenna. You must warn them when you are going to change direction or slow down.
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. Signal when you change direction – Signaling gives other drivers time to react to your moves. Use your turn signals before you change lanes.

wait until you have passed it to signal your turn. make sure your turn signal is off. Turn it off if it has not clicked off by itself.• If another vehicle is about to enter the street between you and where you plan to turn. Signal when you slow down: • to turn off a roadway which does not have separate turn or exit lanes. Always slow down as early as it is safe to do so. tap your brake pedal three or four times quickly to let those behind you know you are about to slow down.
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. • After you have made a turn or lane change. Right turn Left turn Stop or decrease speed
Signal when you slow down – Your brake lights let people know that you are slowing down. • Use hand signals when signal lights cannot be seen by other drivers. If you don’t. • to park or turn just before an intersection. others might think you plan to turn again. • to avoid something in the road. After small turns. the signals may not turn off by themselves. the other driver may think you plan to turn where they are and they might pull into your path. Following traffic expects you to continue to the intersection. or slowing vehicles that a driver behind you cannot see. If you are going to stop or slow down at a place where another driver does not expect it. If you signal earlier. stopped traffic.

It is easy to go too fast in a curve. It is important that your tires be in good condition and have enough air. You do not have as much traction on gravel or dirt roads as you do on concrete or asphalt roads. or stop. The only contact your vehicle has with the road is through the tires. When driving on gravel or dirt. See the vehicle owner’s manual for correct tire pressure. Many drivers do not pay enough attention to the condition of their tires or to the condition of the roadway. There are various road conditions where you must slow down to be safe. Driving safely means obeying speed limits and adjusting for road and traffic conditions. Braking in a curve can cause the vehicle to skid. the more distance it will take to turn. the tires will not be able to grip the road and the vehicle will skid. when the roadway is slippery. How good a grip the tires have with the road depends on the type and condition of the tires and the type and condition of the road surface. For example. For example. Always slow down before you enter a curve so you do not have to brake in the curve. you must slow down before a sharp curve.Adjusting to Road Conditions
The faster your vehicle is going. Curves – A vehicle can travel much faster in a straight line than it can in a curve.
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. at 60 mph it may take you three times as far to stop as it takes to stop at 30 mph. If you go too fast. slow. you must slow down. It will take you much longer to stop and it is much easier to skid when turning. or when there is standing water on the road.

but the studs: • may be engaged only between November 1 and April 1. Heat causes the oil in the asphalt to come to the surface. the vehicle’s tires do not grip as well as they do on a dry road. The road is more slippery until the oil is washed off. Use snow tires or chains when the road has snow on it and any time it is required on posted signs. The pavement on bridges can be icy even when other pavement is not. ice can become wet. pavement can be very slippery for the first few minutes.Slippery roads – Slow down at the first sign of rain. How slow should you go? On a wet road you should reduce your speed about 10 mph.
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. If at all possible. When the road is slippery. This is because bridges do not have earth underneath them to help insulate against the cold. do not drive when the roads are icy. Some road surfaces are slippery at certain times or places. These areas freeze first and dry out last. It is very dangerous to drive on ice. Here are some clues to help you spot slippery roads: • On cold. • must retract to below the wear bar of the tire when disengaged. • When the temperature nears the freezing point. In Washington and some other states. On ice you must slow to a crawl. This makes it more slippery than at temperatures well below freezing. wet days. studded tires are allowed during winter months. or sleet. • If it starts to rain on a hot day. shady spots can be icy. On packed snow you should cut your speed in half. Tires that have retractable studs may be used year-round. These all make the roadway slippery. snow. • Overpasses and other types of bridges can have icy spots.

like water skis.” In a heavy rain. The best way to keep from hydroplaning is to slow down in the rain or when the road is wet. However. If it feels like your tires have lost traction with the surface of the road you should: • Ease your foot off the gas pedal. Going much slower than other vehicles can be as hazardous as speeding. Only try to turn if it’s an emergency. Collisions involving two or more vehicles often happen when drivers go faster or slower than other vehicles on the road. your tires will start to ride up on the water. The vehicle you are passing may change lanes suddenly. It tends to make vehicles bunch up behind you and causes the other traffic to pass you. • Do not try to stop or turn until your tires are gripping the road again.
Adjusting to Traffic
Vehicles moving in the same direction at the same speed cannot hit one another.
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. • Keep the steering wheel straight. Slow down and keep pace with other traffic. do it slowly or you will cause your vehicle to skid. as you go faster.Water on the roadway – When it is raining or the road is wet. an oncoming vehicle may appear suddenly. most tires have good traction up to about 35 mph. If you must turn. your tires can lose all traction with the road at about 50 mph. Bald or badly worn tires will lose traction at much lower speeds. Keep pace with traffic – If you are going faster than traffic. or on a two-lane road. This is called “hydroplaning. you will have to keep passing others.

try not to slow down too early if you have traffic following you. If the road you are traveling has exit ramps. If you have to wait for space to enter a roadway. If you are driving a slow moving vehicle on a two-lane road where it is unsafe to pass. Also. do not slow down until you move onto the exit ramp.
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. and five or more vehicles are in a line behind you. They can lose speed on long or steep hills and it takes longer for them to get up to speed when they enter traffic. signal and enter at the same speed that traffic is moving. two-lane roadway. you have time to change lanes or slow down safely. Slow moving traffic – Some vehicles cannot travel very fast or have trouble keeping up with the speed of traffic. • Farm tractors. When you turn from a high speed. If you spot these vehicles early. and roadway maintenance vehicles usually go 25 mph or less. drivers behind you will not expect you to stop and you may be hit from the rear. • Watch for large trucks and small underpowered cars on steep grades or entering traffic. animal-drawn vehicles. you must pull over and stop when safe to let them pass. Entering into traffic – When you merge with traffic.Either drive faster or consider using another road with slower speeds. These vehicles should have a slow-moving vehicle decal (an orange triangle) on the back. Slowing suddenly can cause a collision. slow down on the ramp so you have some room to speed up before you have to merge. Do not drive to the end of the ramp and stop or you will not have enough room to get up to the speed of traffic. Tap your brakes and reduce your speed quickly but safely. Highspeed roadways generally have ramps to give you time to build up your speed for merging into traffic. Leaving traffic – Keep up with the speed of traffic as long as you are on the main road.

flaggers.Vehicles approaching each other are closer together.Watch for warning signs. and residential streets . • At 30 mph. you need to see it in time to be able to stop. it can take about 200 feet to react and stop. The number of lanes could change both before and after the plaza. room to maneuver is limited. Always be alert for children crossing the street or running or riding into the street without looking.Trouble spots – Wherever people or traffic gather. • Rush hours . Some crossings are bumpy so you need to slow down to safely cross. starting. That is almost half a city block in length. and downtown areas These are busy areas with vehicles and people stopping.Vehicles are changing lanes and preparing to stop and then speeding up again when leaving the plaza.Rush hours often have heavy traffic and drivers that always seem to be in a hurry. and traffic.You need to make sure there are no trains coming and there is room to cross. • Toll plazas . parking lots. • Work zones . • Railroad crossings . That is about the length of a city block. • Narrow bridges and tunnels . • Schools. and moving in different directions. it can take about 400 feet to react to something you see and bring your vehicle to a stop.
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. Here are some of the places where you may need to slow down: • Shopping centers.
How Well Can You See?
If something is in your path and you need to stop. If you have good tires and brakes and dry pavement: • At 50 mph.These areas often have children present. It takes much longer and further to stop than many people think. playgrounds.

Whenever you come to a hill or curve where you cannot see over or around. it means you may not be driving safely at 50 mph. If a vehicle is stalled on the road just over a hill or around a curve. it may be too late to stop without hitting it. People may be ready to get out of a vehicle or walk out from between parked vehicles. You must be able to stop within the distance you can see ahead with your headlights. If you cannot see 200 feet ahead. Rain. you cannot safely drive faster than 30 mph. adjust your speed so you can stop if necessary.If you cannot see 400 feet ahead. pull off the road in a safe place and wait until it clears.
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. even if you have driven the road many times. you may not be able to see well enough to drive. Here are some things that limit how well you can see and hints you can follow to be a safer driver. Darkness – It is harder to see at night. you must be able to stop. When you cannot see any farther than that. or thick fog. you may not be able to see much more than 200 feet ahead. snowstorm. You should drive at a speed that allows you to stop within this distance or about 50 mph. Give parked vehicles as much room as you can. Your headlights will let you see about 400 feet ahead. fog. Parked vehicles – Vehicles parked along the side of the road may block your view. In a very heavy downpour. You must be closer to an object to see it at night than during the day. By the time you see an object in your path. Hills and curves – You may not know what is on the other side of a hill or just around a curve. or snow – In a very heavy rain. If this happens. you may not be driving safely at 30 mph.

If the road is wet or icy.
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. you can get a ticket for traveling too fast under these conditions. four-one-thousand. two-one-thousand. Start counting “one-one-thousand. three-one-thousand. if you cannot see well. You should also use the Four-Second Sight Distance Rule at night to make sure you are not over-driving your headlights.” If you reach the object before you finish saying “four-one-thousand. then you must slow down. speed limits are posted for ideal conditions. and the amount of traffic that uses the road. You are going too fast for your sight distance.” you need to slow down.
Speed limits – You must comply with speed limits. They are based on the design of the road and the types of vehicles that use them. such as side roads and driveways where people may pull out suddenly. Remember.” Pick out a stationary object as far ahead as you can clearly see (such as a sign or a telephone pole). use the “Four-Second Sight Distance Rule.Sight distance rule – Drive at a speed where you can always safely stop. or if traffic is heavy. To tell if you are driving too fast for conditions. Even if you are driving under the posted speed limit. They take into account things you cannot see.

Sharing Space
You must always share the road with others. three-one-thousand. This space is like a safety cushion. drop back and then count again at another spot to check the new following distance. Repeat until you are following no closer than four seconds. a following time of two to three seconds may be enough to stop safely.”) • You are following too closely if you pass the mark before you finish counting. Slowing also will allow the pass to be completed sooner. The more you have. This section describes how to make sure you have enough space around you when you drive.
Space Ahead
Rear-end collisions are very common. If you follow too closely. • Watch when the rear of the vehicle ahead passes a sign. • Count the seconds it takes you to reach the same spot. or any other stationary point. If you are driving at 30 mph or less. four-one-thousand. • When the driver behind you wants to pass – Slow down to allow room in front of your vehicle. • If so. the more time you have to react in an emergency. (“One-one-thousand. you may not have enough time to stop if the vehicle in front of you slows or stops suddenly. you will need the extra distance to stop safely.
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. pole. the safer it can be. you must leave more space in front of you. at higher speeds. the best rule to use is the four-second rule. The more distance you keep between yourself and everyone else. If the vehicle ahead suddenly stops. However. In the following situations you may need a longer following distance to be safe: • On slippery roads – Because you need more distance to stop your vehicle on slippery roads. two-one-thousand. There are situations where you need more space in front of your vehicle.

you need to increase your following distance. • When following drivers who cannot see you – The drivers of trucks. or streetcar or railroad tracks. and fire trucks need more room to operate. • When stopped on a hill or incline – Leave extra space when stopped on a hill or incline. • When approaching railroad crossings – Leave extra room behind vehicles required to come to a stop at railroad crossings. school buses. Large vehicles also block your view of the road ahead. gravel roads or metal surfaces such as bridges. • When you have a heavy load or are pulling a trailer – The extra weight increases your stopping distance. you need extra distance to avoid the rider. The chances of a fall are greatest on wet or icy roads. The vehicle ahead may roll back when it starts up. or vehicles carrying hazardous materials. • When following emergency vehicles – Police vehicles. They could stop suddenly without knowing you are there. gratings. • When being followed closely – If you are being followed closely. • When it is hard for you to see – When it is hard for you to see ahead because of darkness or bad weather.
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. Do not follow closer than 500 feet to a fire truck. Falling back allows you more room to see ahead. or vehicles pulling campers or trailers may not be able to see you when you are directly behind them. vans.• When following motorcycles – If the motorcycle should fall. buses. including transit buses. you should allow extra room. You will then be able to stop without being hit from behind. ambulances.

Doing that increases your risk of being hit from behind. • Make room for vehicles entering on a roadway that has two or more lanes. put on your turn signal. • Stopping to pick up or let off passengers – Try to find a safe place. especially large trucks. out of traffic. Move ahead or drop back of the other vehicle. Never slow down quickly to discourage a tailgater. pull next to the space. • Avoid driving next to other vehicles. This will encourage the tailgater to drive around you.
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. If there is no right lane. There are turnout areas on some two-lane roads you can use. pull to the side of the road when safe to do so and let them pass. move over a lane. and allow following vehicles to pass before you park. Someone may crowd your lane or try to change lanes and pull into you. • Driving slowly – When you have to drive so slowly that you slow down other vehicles. move over to the right. If there is no one next to you. • Keep as much space as you can between yourself and oncoming vehicles. it is safest to drive in the center of your lane. to stop. • Parallel parking – If you want to parallel park and there is traffic coming behind you. Other twolane roads sometimes have passing lanes. on multi-lane roads. keep a steady speed and signal in advance of turning. • Being tailgated – If you are being followed too closely and there is a right lane. Generally.Space Behind
To maintain a safe distance behind your vehicle. On a two-lane road this means not crowding the center line.
Space to the Side
You need space on both sides of your vehicle to have room to turn or change lanes. wait until the road ahead is clear then reduce speed slowly.

Someone could step out from a parked vehicle. if one is more dangerous than the other. emergency. However. two of which are meant for traffic moving in one direction. • Give extra space to pedestrians or bicyclists. slow down. or police vehicle that is using flashing lights or sirens. or a parked vehicle could pull out. especially children. slow down and let the vehicle pass first so that you can give extra room to the bicycle rider. • Use caution when approaching a stopped tow truck or roadside assistance. if you are overtaking a bicycle and an oncoming vehicle is approaching. Wait until it is safe to pass in the adjoining lane. On highways with less than four lanes. For example. leave a little more room on the side that the truck will pass. For example. leave a little more space on the dangerous side. and pass to the left if it is safe to do so. steer a middle course between oncoming and parked vehicles. On highways with at least four lanes. if the oncoming vehicle is a tractor-trailer. change lanes or move away from the stopped vehicle if it is safe to do so. or from between vehicles.
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. They can move into your path quickly and without warning.• Keep extra space between your vehicle and parked cars. • When possible. Do not share a lane with a pedestrian or bicyclist. • Split the difference between two hazards. For example. take potential hazards one at a time.

you need enough space to first turn and then to get up to speed. you need a gap of about four seconds. or when your lane merges with another travel lane. • When you cross traffic. you will block traffic. • If you are turning left. You can get a ticket for blocking an intersection. • Do not try to merge into a gap that is too small. A small gap can quickly become even smaller. If you are caught in the intersection when the light changes to red. take them one at a time. Like going up or down stairs one step at a time. If you move into the middle of a four-second gap.
Space to Cross or Enter
When you cross traffic. • If you want to move over several lanes. • Even if you have a green light. you need a large enough gap to get all the way across the road. Enter a gap that gives you enough space cushion to be safe. Stopping halfway across is only safe when there is a median divider large enough for your vehicle. you need room to get all the way across. make sure there are no vehicles or pedestrians blocking your path. • When other traffic is trying to merge into your lane. it is safest and easiest to merge one lane at a time. move to another lane to give them space when it is safe. Do not stop in a divider where part of your vehicle is sticking into traffic. enter a roadway. When you enter traffic. both you and the vehicle behind you have a two-second following distance. do not start across an intersection if there are vehicles blocking your way.Space to Merge
Anytime you want to merge with other traffic. You do not want to be caught waiting for a path to clear while stuck across a lane that has vehicles coming toward you.
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. You need a four-second gap whenever you change lanes.

do not turn just because an approaching vehicle has a turn signal on. At 55 mph. A vehicle that is far away generally appears to be standing still. Wait until the other driver actually starts to turn and then proceed. The driver may plan to turn after they pass your vehicle or may have forgotten to turn the signal off from a prior turn. you need about ten seconds to pass another vehicle. make sure you can cross without having to stop on the tracks. This is particularly true of motorcycles because their signals often do not cancel by themselves.
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. Be safe. That means you need over 1600 feet or about one-third of a mile to pass safely. When passing another vehicle on a two-lane roadway. If you are in doubt. you will have to judge whether you have enough room to pass safely.
Space to Pass
Whenever signs or road markings permit you to pass. They do not seem to be coming as fast as they really are. In fact. • When you cross railroad tracks. That means you need a ten-second gap in oncoming traffic and sightdistance to pass. you must return to the right side of the roadway when there is enough room between you and the vehicle you have passed. It is hard to judge the speed of oncoming vehicles at this distance. You must judge whether you will have enough space to pass safely. only pass one vehicle at a time. if you can actually see that it is coming closer. For example. Do not count on having enough time to pass several vehicles at once. • Oncoming vehicles – At a speed of 55 mph.• Never assume another driver will share space with you or give you space. it may be too close for you to pass. So will an oncoming vehicle. you will travel over 800 feet in ten seconds. As a general rule. wait to pass until you are sure that there is enough space.

drivers turning right into the approaching lane will not expect to find you approaching in their lane.a narrow bridge or other situation that causes reduced lane width. Do not crowd the intersection or attempt to pass these vehicles. a pothole. Large trucks.
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. vehicles. • Intersections – It is dangerous to pass where a vehicle is likely to enter or cross the road. You might lose your space for passing because of: . especially on the right side. railroad crossings. While you are passing. and shopping center entrances.people or bicyclists near the road. . Such places include intersections. buses. Do not start to pass if you are within one-third of a mile of a hill or curve. . or trains can be blocked by the vehicle you are passing. you should assume there is an oncoming vehicle just out of sight. Also. look ahead for road conditions and traffic that may cause other vehicles to move into your lane. and vehicles pulling trailers swing wide and sometimes must cross the center line to make turns. your view of people. They may not even look your way before turning. or something on the road. • Lane restrictions – Before you pass. Anytime your view is blocked by a curve or a hill.ice.• Hills and curves – You have to be able to see at least one-third of a mile or about ten seconds ahead.

All bicyclists have the same rights. Do not count on other drivers to make room for you.• Space to return – Do not pass unless you have enough space to return to the driving lane. or when you need to cross the bicycle lane to park near the curb. • Railroad grade crossing – Do not pass if there is a railroad grade crossing ahead. Local agencies may prohibit bicycling on some sections of sidewalks. it is safe to return to the driving lane.
Space for Bicyclists
The safety of bicycle riders on the road is a responsibility shared by both motorists and cyclists. be sure to leave enough room between you and the vehicle you have passed.000 bicyclists are killed or injured in the United States every year.
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. Do not park in a bicycle lane. and responsibilities of a motor vehicle driver. • Bicycle lanes are marked with solid white lines. Bicyclists riding on a sidewalk or in a crosswalk are granted all the rights and duties of a pedestrian. (See diagram under Right-of-Way. You must yield to bicycles in a bicycle lane. duties. Motorists and riders who don’t obey traffic laws can be ticketed. Sharing the road with bicyclists – Over 39. When you return to the driving lane. If motorists and cyclists understand and obey the following state laws. When you can see both headlights of the vehicle you just passed in your rearview mirror. it will help make the roads safer for everyone: • Drivers must stop for bicyclists crossing in a painted or unpainted crosswalk when the bicyclist is within one lane of their half of the roadway.) • Drivers crossing a sidewalk must yield to bicyclists on the sidewalk. Do not drive in a bicycle lane except when making a turn. entering or leaving an alley. private road or driveway.

• Bicyclists have the choice to ride on the roadway. shoulder. Bicyclists must yield to pedestrians on sidewalks or in crosswalks. look before you open any door in the path of a car. • Do not drive on the left side of the roadway when you see an approaching pedestrian or bicyclist if the width or condition of the roadway. • Bicyclists may use the shoulders of freeways and other highways. Riders on a one-way road. • If parked at a curb. other than a freeway. • Bicyclists must not hold onto or be pulled by any other vehicle. • Pass to the left of a pedestrian or bicyclist that is on the right hand shoulder or bicycle lane at a distance that will clearly avoid coming into contact with them. in a bicycle lane. Use an audible signal to warn pedestrians before passing. Riders may move left before and during turns. or when passing another bicycle or vehicle. • Allow at least three feet of space when overtaking or passing a bicycle. may ride as near to the left side of the road as is safe. except where signs say it is illegal. Do not return to the right side of the road until safely clear. • All bicyclists and any passengers must have their own seat. the same as you would for any other motorist. or bicycle lane makes it unsafe. on the shoulder of a road. • Bicycle riders should use hand signals before turning. or pedestrian. bicycle.• At intersections you must yield to bicycle riders.
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. or on a sidewalk. • Bicyclists ride with the flow of traffic and as near to the right side of the road as is safe.

• When riding at night. When changing lanes. bicyclists help tell drivers where they are going and when. • Bicyclists cannot carry packages unless the rider can keep at least one hand on the handlebars at all times. In addition to state law. • Make sure your bike is safe – Pedals. By following the traffic laws.• Bicyclists may ride in groups on bicycle paths and lanes. seat. Remind them often of how important it is to always look out for themselves. On public roads they may ride either single file or in pairs. handlebars. • Every bicycle must be equipped with a brake that makes the wheels skid on dry. level. making turns. clean pavement. or when backing. • Look for bicyclists – Scan intersections before entering or turning and yield to bicycles when necessary. the following safety tips will help motorists and cyclists prevent injuries and collisions. and brakes should be in good condition and work properly. and they lack a sense of danger. they have trouble judging the speed and distance of moving cars. Bike shops can help make sure your bike is safe. the bicycle must have a white headlight visible for 500 feet and a red reflector visible for 600 feet to the rear. motorists need to check carefully for bicyclists out of their normal range of view. • Obey all traffic laws – Traffic law violations cause most bicycle/motorist collisions. tires. • Teach your children – Parents are responsible for teaching their children about traffic and bicycle safety. Children cannot see things to the side as well as adults. A flashing taillight or a steady red taillight may be used in addition to the red reflector.
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. Drivers should take responsibility for knowing the laws that apply to bicyclists.

a bicycle passing on the right.” Leave about three feet between yourself and parked cars so that an opened door will not block your path. • Ride predictably and defensively – Avoid weaving in and out of the “parking lane. slotted storm drains. Always yield to pedestrians and vehicle traffic before entering or crossing a roadway. Snell. low-light areas. and train tracks. the driver might not see you and may pull out in front of you. bicyclists riding on the wrong side of the roadway. Always get a new helmet if yours has been in a crash. watch out for yourself instead of simply following the rider in front of you. • Do not pass on the right – Do not pass on the right side of vehicles in traffic at intersections.• Wear a bicycle helmet – CPSC. • Enhance your visibility – Wear light-colored or fluorescent clothing and accessories and apply reflective tape to your helmet and bike. If you can push your helmet off your head without unbuckling it. • Ride in a straight line – Whenever possible. Head injuries cause most bicycle-related deaths. • Never ride against traffic – Motorists do not look for. or see. • Be responsible for yourself – When riding in a group.
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. potholes. adjust it. or expect. • Watch for cars pulling out – Even though you look a driver in the eye. Helmets can only do their job if they fit and are properly adjusted. or ATSM approved helmets are recommended for all riders. • Scan the road for hazards – Watch out for wet or icy surfaces. Motorists turning right may not look for. Ride at speeds appropriate for conditions. ride in a straight line and to the right of traffic but about the width of a car door away from parked cars.

• Scan the road behind you – Even if you use rear view mirrors. you will need both hands. • Keep both hands ready to brake – To stop in time. and tires skid more easily. cross the street.• Turning – When turning left. • Watch for dogs – Dogs are attracted by the spinning of your wheels and feet.
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. Allow extra distance for stopping in the rain or on a wet road. The rider may go with traffic or when the light turns green. and stop at the right corner. get off your bike and put it between you and the dog. yell “NO!” If the dog does not stop. the rider can stay in the right lane. using a firm. If a dog starts to chase you. Or. learn to ride and look back over your shoulder without losing your balance or swerving left. ignore it or. a bicyclist can turn from the left lane or the left turn lane. loud voice. Your brakes may not work properly when wet.

Those who could have trouble seeing you include: • drivers at intersections or driveways whose view is blocked by buildings. These people may include: • tourists or others who do not seem to know where they are going. or backing into or out of parking spaces. Since they have their back to you. or other vehicles.
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. • children. they cannot see you. Some are listed here.Space for Special Situations
There are certain drivers and other road users you should give extra room. Those who cannot see you – Anyone who cannot see you may enter your path without knowing you are there. • pedestrians with umbrellas in front of their faces or with their hats pulled down. trees. • drivers whose windows are covered with snow or ice or are steamed-up. People who are distracted – Even when others can see you. • drivers backing into the roadway. • pedestrians who are walking in the same direction as traffic flow. People who may be distracted include: • delivery persons. • drivers slowing for what seems like no reason. allow extra room and be extra cautious if you think they may be distracted. • construction workers. • drivers who are not paying attention to their driving. People who may be confused – People who are confused may cause an unsafe situation. • drivers looking for street signs or house numbers.

Slow down and let them return to the drive lane safely.Drivers in trouble – If another driver makes a mistake in passing you.
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. do not make it worse. slow down and let them merge. These actions will keep traffic moving smoothly and safely. If another driver needs to suddenly change lanes.

Your ability to be a safe driver depends on being able to see clearly. In fact.
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. This test measures that you have at least 20/40 vision in at least one eye. If you cannot see clearly. and being emotionally fit to drive. spotting potential trouble. it is one of the most complex things that people do. being generally healthy. not being overly tired. or reacting in a timely manner. This lets you spot vehicles and other potential trouble on either side of you while you look ahead. Driving can easily take every ability you have. Vision is so important that the law requires that you pass a vision test before you get a driver license. It is worth the effort to be a careful driver. Because you cannot focus on things to the side. not driving while on drugs or alcohol. with or without corrective lenses. you may not be a safe driver. Other important aspects of vision are: • Side vision – You need to see out of the corner of your eye. You drive based on what you see. you must also use your side mirrors and glance to the side if necessary. If anything happens so you are not up to your ability. It is also one of the few things we do regularly that can injure or kill us. you will have trouble identifying traffic and road conditions.
Vision
Good vision is a must for safe driving. In other words. Being a safe driver takes a great deal of skill and judgment. This task is even more difficult when you are just learning to drive.BE IN SHAPE TO DRIVE
Driving safely is not always easy. you are responsible for being in shape to drive safely.

even if you are only going down to the corner.
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. • Night vision – It is more difficult to see at night than in the daytime. They will also cut down the light that you need to see clearly. you could get a ticket. you should have your eyes checked every year or two by an eye specialist. especially with the glare of oncoming headlights. don’t drive more than is necessary and be very careful when you do.• Judging distances and speeds – Even if you can see clearly. This also can be helpful if you do not wear glasses all the time because it is easy to misplace them. If you have problems seeing at night. It takes practice to be able to judge both. If you need to wear glasses or contact lenses for driving. If your regular glasses are broken or lost. and you get stopped without them. Because seeing well is so important to safe driving. • Try to keep an extra pair of glasses in your vehicle. you still may not be able to judge distance or speed well. • Avoid using dark glasses or tinted contact lenses at night. many people have this problem. Some drivers have problems with glare while driving at night. You may never know you have poor vision unless your eyes are tested. you can use the spare pair to drive safely. It is especially important in knowing how far you are from other vehicles and judging safe gaps when merging and when passing on two-lane roads. or when judging the speed of a train before crossing tracks safely. If your driver license says you must wear corrective lenses. remember to: • Always wear them when you drive. even if you think they help with glare. You are not alone.

• Try to get a normal night’s sleep before you leave. you can fall asleep behind the wheel and crash. or juice.
Fatigue
You cannot drive as safely when you are tired as when you are rested. and have some coffee. sirens. It takes more time to make decisions and you do not always make good decisions. • Do not leave on a trip if you are already tired. • Do not take any medicine that can make you drowsy. The few minutes spent on a rest break can save your life. When you are tired.
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. You do not see as well. injuring or killing yourself or others. Studies have shown that the driving records of hearing impaired drivers are just as good as those drivers with good hearing. Do not eat a large meal before you leave. nor are you as alert. Plan your trips so you can leave when you are rested. Stop every hour or so or when you need to. Drivers who know they are deaf or have hearing problems can adjust and be safe drivers. Some people get sleepy after they eat a big meal. get some fresh air. soda. These drivers learn to rely more on their vision and tend to stay more alert. There are things you can do to help from getting tired on a long trip. or screeching tires can warn you of danger. You can be more irritable and can get upset more easily. Hearing problems.Hearing
Hearing can be helpful to safe driving. • Take breaks. The sound of horns. • Eat lightly. can come on so slowly that you do not notice it. Plan for plenty of time to complete your trip safely. Walk around. like bad eyesight.

and makes you less alert. it’s like alcohol puts good judgment on hold. It reaches your brain in 20 to 40 minutes. As the amount of alcohol in your body increases. You do not know when you have had too much to drink until it is too late.
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. speeds. If possible. Because drinking alcohol and driving is so dangerous. In a way. This is one reason why drinking alcohol is so dangerous. Alcohol slows your reflexes and reaction time. your chances of being in a collision are much greater than if you did not drink any alcohol.
Why Is Drinking and Driving So Dangerous?
Alcohol reduces all of the important skills you need to drive safely. Alcohol affects those areas of your brain that control judgment and skill. You will also have trouble controlling your vehicle.
Drinking Alcohol and Driving
Alcohol is involved in about 40 percent of the traffic collisions in which someone is killed. it affects your judgment. switch driving tasks with another driver so you can sleep while they drive. Your body thinks it is time to go to sleep and will try to do so. it is already too late. It is a little like a sunburn. even a little. by the time you feel it. • Never drive if you are sleepy. higher insurance rates. the penalties are very tough. your judgment worsens and your skills decrease. reduces your ability to see clearly. People who drive after drinking alcohol risk heavy fines. and even jail sentences. No one can drink alcohol and drive safely. even if you have been driving for many years. loss of license. You will have trouble judging distances. Alcohol goes from your stomach into your blood and to all parts of your body. It is better to stop and sleep for a few hours than to take a chance you can stay awake.• Try not to drive late at night when you are normally asleep. If you drink alcohol. and the movement of other vehicles.

you must do so. BAC is the percentage of alcohol in your blood and is usually determined by a breath. blood. Coffee. When Can You Drive?
The best advice is if you drink alcohol. If a police or traffic officer asks you to take a BAC test.
Alcohol and the Law
If you are arrested for drinking and driving. You can take turns being a “designated driver.” use public transportation. or use a cab. Arrange to go with two or more persons and agree that one of you will not drink alcohol.If You Drink. you have agreed to take a breath or blood test to determine the alcohol or drug content of your blood. fresh air. glass of wine. the penalties are severe. You can also be arrested for driving under the influence (DUI) with BAC levels lower than these if you are driving and impaired due to alcohol or drugs. A typical alcohol drink is 1 1/2 oz. of 80-proof liquor (one shot glass) straight or with a mixer. you also can be arrested for a BAC of . exercise. There are ways of dealing with social drinking situations. bottle. The Implied Consent Law means that when you operate a motor vehicle. or a 5 oz. In Washington. With two or more drinks in your bloodstream you are impaired and could be arrested. if you are under 21. 12 oz. Time is the only thing that will sober you up. of beer (a regular size can. You can be arrested for driving with a blood alcohol content (BAC) of . Some penalties for drinking and driving come just from being arrested:
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. mug. do not drive. It takes about one hour for your body to get rid of each drink.02 or more. or urine test. Specialty drinks can have more alcohol in them and are the same as having several normal drinks. There is no way to sober up quickly.08 or more. Even one drink of alcohol can affect your driving. or glass). or cold showers will not help. You will lose your driver license for at least one year if you refuse to take a BAC test.

Issuance of some restricted licenses will waive your right to a hearing.08 or more (. You could also be sentenced from 1 to 365 days in jail and your license could be suspended or revoked for 90 days to one year. In all of these cases. You will only be allowed to operate vehicles equipped with an ignition interlock device. including 150 days of home detention and license suspension or revocation of up to four years. Other possible penalties include: • Required proof of insurance (filing an SR22).• If it is your first arrest within seven years and the breath or blood test result shows a BAC of .02 if you are under age 21). you may request a hearing from us. • Seizure and loss of your vehicle. your license will be suspended for 90 days. An additional 60 days will be required if you have a passenger under 16 at the time of arrest.
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. knowledge and skill testing. whichever is longer. you may be fined up to $5. You may be able to get a restricted license. and a $150 reissue fee.000 plus court costs and other penalties. Alcohol-related offenses appear on your driving record for life. If you are under 21 your license will be revoked for one year or until age 21. If you are found guilty in court of driving impaired and it is your first conviction. • If it is your first arrest and you refuse to take a breath and/or blood test. • If you have been arrested more than once within the past seven years. your license will be revoked for one year. • License reapplication. and before the penalties go into effect. and • Use of an ignition interlock device for up to 10 years. your license will be revoked for two years. Prior convictions of alcohol violations can result in other penalties.

There are certain exceptions which apply to the living quarters of motor homes and campers. and if you suffer from alcoholism.
Probationary Licenses
If you are convicted of driving or being in physical control of a vehicle while under the influence or are granted a deferred prosecution.
Deferred Prosecution
As of January 1. a person is eligible for only one deferred prosecution of an alcohol-related offense in a lifetime. When charged with DUI. In addition to regular licensing fees. your DUI conviction is postponed while you complete an approved alcohol/ drug or mental health program. The container cannot be kept in any accessible storage compartment. • To incorrectly label the original container of an alcoholic beverage or place an alcoholic beverage in a container labeled as containing a nonalcoholic beverage or to be in possession of such a container. You also have to meet certain licensing and court-ordered requirements which
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. drug addiction. the probationary license cost is $50 at issuance and again at time of renewal. unless it is in an area not normally occupied by the driver or passengers. If eligible. a probationary license will be required for five years.Under the “Open Container Law” it is a traffic infraction: • To drink any alcoholic beverage in a motor vehicle upon a highway. • For a person in a motor vehicle upon a highway to possess any receptacle containing an alcoholic beverage if the container has been opened or a seal broken or the contents partially removed. 1999. or mental problems. you may be eligible for a deferred prosecution. • For the registered owner or driver to keep an open container in a vehicle on a highway.

and alertness in ways similar to alcohol. Illegal drugs frequently affect your ability to be a safe driver. Pep pills. the penalties are the same as for any alcohol violation. Later however. Drugs taken for headaches. vision. check the label before you take a drug for warnings about its effect. hay fever. there are many other drugs that can affect a person’s ability to drive safely. and other requirements. These drugs can have effects like those of alcohol. or even worse. When you have completed your treatment and have met all court ordered requirements. or other allergies or those to calm nerves can make a person drowsy and affect their driving ability.
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. If you are not sure it is safe to take the drug and drive. ask your doctor or pharmacist. colds. proof of liability insurance. dizzy. If you are driving. You should read the warnings with your medicine or talk to your pharmacist before you drink and use medicine at the same time. they can cause a person to be nervous. Many drugs multiply the effects of alcohol or have other side effects.
Other Drugs and Driving
Besides alcohol. and get arrested for traffic violations more than other drivers. studies have shown that people who use marijuana make more mistakes. have more trouble adjusting to glare. If you are arrested or convicted of driving under the influence of drugs. This is true of many prescription drugs and even many of the drugs you can buy without a prescription.can include use of an ignition interlock. “uppers. For example. Other prescription drugs can affect your reflexes. unable to concentrate.” and diet pills can make a driver feel more alert for a short time. judgment. the DUI charges are dismissed. and can affect your vision. even death. This combination not only affects your ability to be a safe driver but could cause serious health problems.

let someone else drive. whichever is longer. or shock. or until age 18. a cough. blackout. If you are not feeling well and need to go somewhere. You will not be able to obtain a license/ instruction permit or take driver education during the revocation period.
Health
Many health problems can affect your driving . It also might be a good idea to have someone else drive for you during times when your doctor is adjusting your insulin dosage. Even little problems like a stiff neck. whichever is longer. When you are eligible to reinstate your driving privilege. or age 13 through 20 and convicted of a first drug violation. You will also need to pay a $75 reissue fee in addition to the usual testing and licensing fees. Some conditions can be very dangerous: • Epilepsy – As long as it is under medical control. or a sore leg can affect your driving.a bad cold. convulsion. • Diabetes – Diabetics who take insulin should not drive when there is any chance of an insulin reaction.
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. epilepsy generally is not dangerous. For a second offense your driving privilege will be revoked for two years. If you have diabetes. your driving privilege will be revoked for one year or until age 17. In Washington. Such a situation could result from skipping a meal or snack or from taking the wrong amount of insulin.Juvenile Alcohol/ Drug/ Firearms Violations
If you are age 13 through 17 and convicted of a first alcohol or firearm violation. or virus. you may drive if you are under the care of a doctor and have been taking your medication and have not had a seizure for six months. you should have your eyes checked regularly for possible night blindness or other vision problems. infection. you must have parental consent and take the written and drive tests.

By leaving a few minutes early.
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. When you see other drivers around you acting or reacting in anger.
Emotions
Emotions can affect your ability to drive safely. Your courtesy may encourage the same from other drivers. depressed.
Road Rage
Today. Some find listening to the radio helps. allow extra time for your trip. move over. • If you are angry or excited. or depressed.• Heart condition – People with heart disease. or do whatever you safely can. If you have a cellular phone. instead of speeding to your destination. If necessary. heavy traffic and tight schedules are the norm. Body movements and gestures can provoke an angry response from another driver. Exit only in an area where there are other people and open businesses around you. or those in danger of a blackout. or upset about something. high blood pressure or circulation problems. take a short walk. If you are being treated by a doctor for a heart condition. Slow down. physically and mentally. or a heart attack. ask if the condition could affect your driving ability. should not get behind the wheel. If you feel you are being followed or harassed by another driver. afraid. Some drivers take their anger out on the roadways. you will avoid a speeding ticket and reduce your chances of a collision. try to keep your mind on your driving. give yourself time to cool off. to put yourself out of danger. but stay off the road until you have calmed down. You may not be able to drive well if you are overly worried. Don’t make eye contact. use it to call the police. seek help. excited. • If you are impatient. angry. • If you are worried. fainting. distance yourself from the situation.

Be ready to release the brake if the vehicle does start to skid. • If that does not work. • Do not stop on the road if at all possible. Following these preventive measures greatly reduces the chance your vehicle will have a problem. Possible vehicle failures and what you can do if they happen are listed here. As careful as you are. start shifting to lower gears and look for a safe place to slow to a stop. • If that does not work. Apply the parking brake slowly so you will not lock the rear wheels and cause a skid.
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. Make sure the vehicle is off the roadway. Take your foot off the gas pedal and use the brakes lightly. there are situations that could cause a problem for you. sooner or later. Pull off the road in a safe place. will find themselves in an emergency situation. you may be able to prevent any serious outcomes. There is always a chance of a vehicle problem while driving. Do not drive the vehicle without brakes. • Slow down gradually. use the parking brake. If you are prepared.
Tire Blowout
If a tire suddenly goes flat: • Hold the steering wheel tightly and keep the vehicle going straight.EMERGENCIES
All drivers. You should follow the recommended maintenance schedule listed in the vehicle owner’s manual.
Brake Failure
If your brakes stop working: • Pump the brake pedal several times. This will often build up enough brake pressure to allow you to stop.

• Quickly shift to neutral.
Avoiding Collisions
When it looks like a collision may happen.Power Failure
If the engine stalls while you are driving: • Keep a strong grip on the steering wheel. drivers have three options: stop.
Headlight Failure
If your headlights suddenly go out: • Try the headlight switch a few times. • Turn off the engine.
Gas Pedal Sticks
The motor keeps going faster and faster: • Keep your eyes on the road. • Pull off the roadway. In avoiding a collision. There is usually something you can do to avoid the crash or reduce the impact of the crash. • Pull off the road as soon as possible.
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. if you have them. The brakes will still work but you may have to push very hard on the brake pedal. or fog lights. • If that does not work. or speed up. put on the emergency flashers. turn. • Pull off the road when safe to do so. many drivers panic and fail to act. Be aware that the steering wheel may be difficult to turn. turn signals. but you can turn it with more effort.

you can turn the vehicle quicker than you can stop it. • As soon as the vehicle stops skidding. In most cases. Do not let up on the brake pedal.
Turning Quickly
You should consider turning in order to avoid a collision. you will feel the vehicle start to skid. Be sure to read the vehicle owner’s manual on how to use the ABS.
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. Without ABS – If you must stop quickly and you do not have an antilock braking system: • You can cause the vehicle to skid if you brake too hard. Make sure you have a good grip with both hands on the steering wheel. • If the brakes lock up. Quickly let up on the brake pedal. With ABS – If you have an antilock braking system and you need to stop quickly: • Press on the brake pedal as hard as you can and keep pressing on it. Once you have turned away or changed lanes. • You might feel the brake pedal pushing back when the ABS is working. The ABS system will only work with the brake pedal pushed down. push down on the brake pedal again. you must be ready to keep the vehicle under control. Keep doing this until the vehicle has stopped. The ABS system allows you to stop without skidding. • Apply the brakes as hard as you can without locking them.Stopping Quickly
Many newer vehicles have an antilock braking system (ABS).

or necessary. then let up and turn the steering wheel.
Speeding Up
Sometimes it is best. Because you cannot control a vehicle when it is skidding. This may happen when another vehicle is about to hit you from the side or from behind and there is room to the front of you to get out of danger.Some drivers steer away from one collision only to end up in another. to speed up to avoid a collision. Skids are caused by drivers traveling too fast for conditions. Generally. Do not lock up the front wheels while braking or turn so sharply that the vehicle wheels start to skid. With ABS – If you have ABS. Be sure to slow down once the danger has passed. Braking will slow the vehicle. and allow for a quicker turn. You should step on the brake pedal. High speeds. Skids are caused when the tires can no longer grip the road. Always steer in the direction you want the vehicle to go. also increase the possibility of a skid if you turn or stop suddenly. it is better to run off the road than to collide head-on into another vehicle. This is very helpful if you must turn and stop or slow down. you can turn your vehicle while braking without skidding. under normal conditions. it is best to avoid skidding in the first place.
Dealing with Skids
Any road that is safe under normal conditions can be dangerous when it is wet or has snow or ice on it. you must use a different procedure to turn quickly.
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. put more weight on the front tires. Without ABS – If you do not have ABS.

Try everything you can to keep from getting hit. your body will be thrown backwards. your vehicle may swing around in the other direction and you could start a new skid. • Continue to steer. If nothing works. Continue to correct your steering.
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. As soon as the vehicle begins to straighten out. your brakes will not work and could cause you to skid more. The most important thing you can do is to use your lap and shoulder belts.
Protecting Yourself in Collisions
You may not always be able to avoid a collision. Be ready to apply your brakes so you will not be pushed into another vehicle. until the vehicle is again moving down the road under your control. Press yourself against the back of your seat and put your head against the head restraint. Until the vehicle slows. • Steer. Besides your seat belts. left and right.If your vehicle begins to skid: • Stay off the brake. If you do not do so. • Hit from the rear – If your vehicle is hit from the rear. turn the steering wheel back the other way. Turn the steering wheel in the direction you want the vehicle to go. there are a couple of other things that could help prevent more serious injuries. try to lessen any injuries that could result from the collision.

You must obey all lawful orders given by police. If any person is injured or killed. so be ready to prevent your vehicle from hitting something else. rather than being struck head-on. or other disaster. the police must be notified. If you are involved. It is against the law to drive over a firehose. No matter how good a driver you are. and other persons authorized to direct traffic at the scene. Your lap and shoulder belts are needed to help keep you behind the wheel. ambulances. you must stop. • Hit from the front – If your vehicle is about to be hit from the front. you should try to turn the vehicle. tow trucks. there may be a time when you are involved in a collision. fire. You might miss it. You may block the way for police. It is a crime for you to leave a collision site where your vehicle was involved if there is an injury or death before police have talked to you and obtained the information they need. Doing this can damage the hose. it will inflate. it is important to try and have a glancing blow. firefighters. injure firefighters or hinder their efforts.• Hit from the side – If your vehicle is hit from the side. If your vehicle has an air bag. You must use your lap and shoulder belts to keep you behind the wheel and to protect you if your vehicle has a second collision. watching for people who might be in or near the road. you must try and locate the owner. If involved in a collision with a parked vehicle. Get ready to steer or brake to prevent your vehicle from hitting something else. just to look. At worst. Air bags will not help in this situation. This means that if a collision is going to happen.
Collisions
Do not stop at a collision unless you are involved or if emergency help has not yet arrived. you hit with a glancing blow. your body will be thrown towards the side that is hit.
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. firefighters. and other rescue vehicles. Keep your attention on your driving and keep moving. Never drive to the scene of a collision. It also will deflate following the crash.

• For all other collisions. • Do not stand or walk in traffic lanes. Fuel could have spilled and fire is a real danger. Make sure the police and emergency medical or rescue squad have been called. help anyone who is not already walking and talking. cross street or other suitable location as soon as it is possible to do so. Moving a person can make their injuries worse.
At the Collision Scene
• For all collisions that only damage a vehicle or other property. shoulder or median to an exit ramp shoulder. tell the police when they are called. • If there are power lines down with wires in the road. first aid supplies. These kits have emergency flares.You may want to carry a basic vehicle emergency kit. stop your vehicle at or near the collision site. • Do not move the injured unless they are in a burning vehicle or in other immediate danger of being hit by traffic.
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. • Make sure that other traffic will not be involved in the collision. Use flares or other warning devices to alert traffic of the collision. and basic tools. If there is a fire. Do not smoke around wrecked vehicles. You could be struck by another vehicle. Check for breathing. the driver must move the vehicle off the road. then check for bleeding. frontage road. do not go near them.
If Someone Is Injured
• Get help. If you can move your vehicle. freeway. get it off the road so that it does not block traffic or cause another collision. • First. • Turn off the ignition of wrecked vehicles.

cover them with a blanket or coat to keep them warm.• If there is bleeding. • To help prevent an injured person from going into shock. apply pressure directly on the wound with your hand or with a cloth. • Do not give injured persons anything to drink.wsdot.
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. death. • If the collision results in an injury.wa. • Record any damage to the vehicles involved in the collision. driver license number. you must report it to the Washington Department of Transportation on a Collision Report form within four days. • Should the collision involve a parked vehicle. address. To get a report form. vehicle information (license plate. try to find the owner. make. • Provide information to the police or other emergency officials if requested. not even water. go to www. • Exchange information with other drivers involved in the crash. leave a note in a place where it can be seen with information on how the owner can reach you and the date and time of the collision. If you cannot. model and year of vehicle) and insurance company and policy number if available. or property damage of $700 or more to one person’s property and a report is not made by a law enforcement officer. including injured persons.gov/ mapsdata/tdo or call (360) 570-2355. including: name.
Reporting the Collision
• Get the names and addresses of all people involved in the collision and any witnesses. Even severe bleeding can be stopped or slowed by putting pressure on the wound.

Snohomish.wa. King. personal check. you must apply for a duplicate from the state of issuance. you must register your vehicle immediately. most vehicles that are 5-25 years old must pass an emissions test every two years.gov to find out if you need an emissions test and where to go to get tested. bring the following to a vehicle licensing office: • The current Certificate of Ownership (title) and registration for your vehicle. you must register your vehicle within 30 days of becoming a resident. In parts of Clark. cashier’s check. trailers (except travel). if your vehicle is less than ten years old. Call 1-800-272-3780 or go to www. and Spokane counties. • Cash. you must provide a copy of the current title to get a Washington registration. If the title is issued by another state and the lien holder retains it.VEHICLE LICENSING
Registration
You must register your vehicle with us if you are a resident of Washington State and own and operate a vehicle on public roadways.
What You Need to Bring
To title and register your vehicle. • An odometer reading on a secure odometer form. if not shown on the previous title or registration. and propane-powered vehicles. • Scale weight slip for trucks.
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. Pierce. If you are a resident here and purchase a vehicle in another state with the intention of driving it on a Washington roadway. If your title has been lost.ecy. even if the vehicle is certified in another state. If you are a new resident. • The personal identification of all registered owners. or money order for payment of licensing fees and taxes.

010). and off-road vehicles. .out of the area. all registered owners of the vehicle must present an unexpired driver license unless they: • are a Washington resident who does not operate a motor vehicle on public roads.any nonresident who is at least 16 with a valid driver license issued from their home state or country and is accompanied by a licensed driver with at least 5 years of driving experience. or country. trailers. The title shows the registered and legal owner(s).incarcerated. but they are required to be registered annually. certain electric vehicles.a divorcee who was not rewarded the vehicle. .anyone operating special highway-construction equipment (RCW. stolen.deceased. suspended. . a farm tractor. but not in the vehicle. mobile homes. or a locomotive on rails. • are a licensee who is: . or revoked. • have a driver license that is lost. Snowmobiles are not titled in Washington. including mopeds.46. . state.
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. confiscated. campers. Keep it in a safe place. This applies to: .anyone in the Armed Forces.16.When registering a vehicle or renewing vehicle tabs. . • are exempt from driver licensing requirements.
Certificate of Ownership (Title)
We will issue a Certificate of Ownership (title) for vehicles.

both you and your physician must complete the Disabled Person’s Parking Privileges Application form. Disabled Parking Privileges – You may get temporary or permanent disabled parking privileges and an identification card if you have a disability that limits or impairs your ability to walk. The Report of Sale is the upper portion of newer certificates of ownership or is available at any Washington vehicle licensing office or on our website. The purchaser must transfer ownership within 15 days to avoid penalty fees.
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Report of Sale
When a vehicle is sold or traded to a private party or dealer. the transfer is the dealer’s responsibility. or you can file it electronically at www.gov free of charge. Most vehicle licensing offices can process your application. This can help protect you from certain civil liabilities if the new owner does not transfer the title. the owner must report the sale within five days.
Vehicle License Plates
License plates must be displayed on both the front and rear of motor vehicles registered in Washington. To apply. License renewal month and year tabs are required only on rear plates. File a properly completed Report of Sale within five days of selling. or disposing of your vehicle in any way. gifting.When ownership is transferred. If the vehicle is sold by a dealer.dol. You can take a Report of Sale to any Washington vehicle licensing office to file it immediately for a small service fee. trading. the title must be signed and dated by all of the owners and then given to the purchaser. available at any vehicle or driver licensing office or on our website.wa.

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Regulatory Signs
Speed Limit (55 mph)
Yield
No U Turn
Stop
Do Not Enter
Do Not Pass
Wrong Way
Keep Right (except to pass)
Slower Traffic Keep Right
Disabled Parking
No Right Turn School: Speed Limit 20 mph When Children Are Present
Work Area Signs
Service Signs
Detour
Flagger
Hospital
Phone
Destination Signs
City and Mileage
Exit Only/ Optional Exit
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Please bring this guide for recycling when you come to test.
325M 9/09
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