The expansion of industry

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Transcript of The expansion of industry

THE EXPANSION INDUSTRY At the end of the 19th century, natural resources, creative ideas, and growing markets fueled an industrial boom. INVENTIONS PROMOTE CHANGE By capitalizing on natural resources and their own ingenuity inventors changed more than the landscape.Their inventions affected the very way people lived and worked. OF THE MAIN IDEA NATURAL RESOURCES FUEL INDUSTRIALIZATION BLACK GOLD Through eastern Native Americans tribes had made fuel and medicine from crude oil long before Europeans arrived on the continent, early americans settlers had little use for oil. In the 1840's, Americans began using kerosene to light lamps after the Canadian geologist Abraham Gesner discovered how to distill the fuel oil or coal. Edwin L. Drake 1819-–1880Inventor, Oil Industry Pioneer Edwin Laurentine Drake was the first man to successfully obtain oil from the ground by drilling. His invention of the drive pipe stopped flooding and cave-ins, and revolutionized the oil industry Edwin Drake was born in Castleton Corners, Vermont, in March of 1819. His father was a farmer. Edwin helped on the farm. He went to local schools. When he was nineteen, he left home People needed ways to light their homes. For years they had filled their oil lamps with whale oil. So many sperm whales had been hunted and killed that there were hardly any left. Whale oil had become very expensive. People needed another fuel for their lamps.

THE POWER OF ELECTRICITY Thomas A. Edison1847-1931Inventor, pioneer on the new industrial frontier Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio on February 11, 1847. His parents were Samuel and Nancy Edison. Thomas's three older brothers and sisters died before he was born from very harsh winters. He had brother named Pitt and two sisters named Marion and Harriet Ann. His parents named him Thomas because of his great uncle. Thomas Edison's greatest challenge was the development of a practical incandescent, electric light. Contrary to popular belief, he didn't "invent" the lightbulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. In 1879, using lower current electricity, a small carbonized filament, and an improved vacuum inside the globe, he was able to produce a reliable, long-lasting source of light. The idea of electric lighting was not new, and a number of people had worked on, and even developed forms of electric lighting. But up to that time, nothing had been developed that was remotely practical for home use. Edison's eventual achievement was inventing not just an incandescent electric light, but also an electric lighting system that contained all the elements necessary to make the incandescent light practical, safe, and economical. After one and a half years of work, success was achieved when an incandescent lamp with a filament of carbonized sewing thread burned for thirteen and a half hours. There are a couple of other interesting things about the invention of the light bulb: While most of the attention was on the discovery of the right kind of filament that would work, Edison actually had to invent a total of seven system elements that were critical to the practical application of electric lights as an alternative to the gas lights that were prevalent in that day. INVENTIONS CHANGE LIFESTYLES Christopher L. Sholes1819-1890Inventor, typewriter QWERTY keyboard. The first modern typewriter was designed by Christopher Sholes in 1868. He was a printer by trade, and familiar with the tedious, time-consuming process of typesetting. With help from two friends, Carlos Glidden and Samuel Soulé, he built his machine, which mimicked the appearance of typeset pages by impressing one inked character at a time onto paper. Sholes soon purchased his partners' shares in the invention, and then spent five more years trying to refine the rather cumbersome device. The keys of Sholes' typewriter had been arranged in alphabetical order, but the mechanical bars which struck the paper consistently jammed, so he rearranged his keyboard, putting the letter-bars that had jammed most frequently farther apart. This arrangement of letters, commonly called "qwerty" for the first six keys in the upper left corner of the keyboard, has been the standard for typewriters ever since, and is used in modern word processors, personal computers, and other devices.

Christopher Sholes is known as the father of the typewriter. He was born on afarm in Mooresburg, Pennsylvania, on February 14, 1989. As a young man, Sholes served a four-year printing apprenticeship before moving with his parentsto Wisconsin. He went to work as a printer, then became editor of his brother's newspaper in Madison, Wisconsin, the Wisconsin Enquirer. Alexander G. Bell1847-1922Inventor, pioneer of telecommunications

Around the year 1874, Graham Bell's work on the harmonic telegraph began to show results. While the world was looking for a way to send multiple telegraph messages on a single telegraph line, Bell was working on a device that would transmit the human voice by telegraph. His efforts were supported by wealthy patrons, which enabled him to hire Thomas A. Watson, an electrical designer and mechanic. Together, they developed the acoustic telegraph in 1875. March 10, 1876, when the first complete sentence was transmitted: "Watson, come here; I want you.". A pioneer in the field of telecommunications, Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He moved to Ontario, and then to the United States, settling in Boston, before beginning his career as an inventor