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What is Dyslexia?
The word dyslexia comes from the Greek language and means,”difficulty with words’.
Dyslexia is a language based learning disability, and the main area of difficulty is reading.
Students with Dyslexia usually experience difficulties with other language skills such as spelling, writing and pronouncing words.

Dyslexia is caused by an abnormality in brain structure, a difference in brain function and also could be hereditary.
It is caused by impairment in the brain’s ability to translate images received from the eyes or ears into understandable language.
It does not result from vision or hearing problem.
It is not due to mental retardation or brain damage.
Dyslexia is not due to either lack of intelligence or a desire to learn.
Dyslexia affects individuals throughout their lives; however each individual learns to cope with adequate support.

Signs and Symptoms

Preschool

• Delay in speaking and acquiring language.
• Delay in other developmental milestones like crawling and walking.
• Mispronounced words and persistent baby talk.
• Inability to rhyme and to learn simple nursery rhymes.
• Difficulty in learning and remembering the letters of the alphabet.

Early School Years

• Inability to recognise that letters have sounds, for example “b” says “bh’,
• Inability to learn simple word like cat, bat, fan, man, cup, pen, log.
• Making reading errors, which show no connection to the word, for example saying “big” for “bat”.
• Reversals in writing letters like b and d , m and w, p and q ,reversals in the letter s , h , and r. Also number reversals in 3, 6,9, 7 and 2.

Secondary School onwards
• Slow progress in acquiring reading skills.
• Reading is slow and laboured.
• Difficulty reading new and unfamiliar words, which need to be sounded out.
• Missing out or omitting parts in a word.
• Fear and avoidance of reading aloud.
• Oral reading filled with substitution, omission of words and mispronunciation.
• Letter and word reversals while reading, b/d, was/saw.
• No automatic recognition of sight words such as: the, is, and, because, since, could etc
• May lose their place while reading, may complain letters are swimming, or complain of headaches.
• May have problems copying off the board as they frequently lose their place, resulting in illegible handwriting.
• Difficulty repeating what is said to them and following a set of oral instructions.
• Spelling may be very poor.
• Difficulty remembering and understanding what they have just read.