Thomas "The Flight Begins"

During his stay on the space station Mir, U.S. astronaut Andy Thomas published
several "Letter from the Outpost," to family and frineds on earth. Here is one
of them.

"The Flight Begins," by Andy Thomas, February 1998.

As I undertake this extended stay on the Mir Space Station, I am adapting to
a lifestyle that can certainly be called unusual, if not bizarre. Perhaps it
even defies adequate description. Nonetheless, I would like to attempt to share
the experience with friends, colleagues or anyone else who is struck by the
fascination for this kind of adventure. So I hope to find time, over the coming
months, to describe the sensations of the flight and some of the events that
make this experience so unique. I am hoping then, that this will be the first
in a series of letters home that will give people some idea of what it is like
to travel and live in space on an orbiting outpost.

Of course, for me the flight itself actually began in Florida on January 22nd
with the launch of the Space Shuttle Endeavour on mission STS-89 to carry supplies
to Mir and to exchange me with David Wolf who had been on the station since
September. This was my second shuttle launch, and I was one of the first to
strap in on the mid deck, so I had a long wait on my back before the engines
were lit. The big difference between sitting on the mid deck, versus the flight
deck, as I had done for my first flight, is that I had no window to look out
of and watch the world recede. But not having an outside view lets your imagination
provide the imagery, and this can give you an emotional rush, possibly even
more than seeing.

The weather had been questionable that day and there was still some uncertainty
as to whether or not we would actually go. But a few minutes before launch,
all the launch controllers were polled by the launch director and each gave
a "go" for launch. The Control Center then called us to start the auxiliary
power units that provide the steering hydraulics and we could hear the units
spinning up to speed deep below us.....then came the call to close and lock
our visors, and to initiate our oxygen flow, a protection in the event of a
depressurization during the climbout....it was clearly getting serious as we
waited those long last few minutes and seconds until liftoff. The three of us
the mid deck shook hands together and wished ourselves well for the flight.
Then the cabin became quiet.

At six seconds before launch a deep rumble started Endeavour launches onshuddering
the orbiter as its three engines were January 22, 1998 ignited and run up to
full speed. We heard the pilot, Joe Edwards call out "three at 104" signifying
all three were running at rated power. But we were still firmly bolted to the
ground with eight very large explosive bolts so the engine thrust made us lurch
over, giving us the eerie sense of falling forward. Suddenly, with the six seconds
counted away, there was a thundering roar with massive vibration and shaking
as the solid rockets were ignited, the hold-down bolts exploded, and we were
driven off the launch pad and upwards into the sky. You did not need a window
to know what was happening.

Climbing out, we did a roll maneuver to adopt the correct flight orientation
causing us to feel the whole cabin spin around while being shaken by the eight
million pounds of thrust accelerating us forwards. The flightdeck crew called
out the rapidly changing speeds and altitudes every few thousand feet. We could
feel the engines throttle back to prevent overstressing the vehicle in the denser
part of the atmosphere, then they came up to full speed again driving us once
more back into our seats. But burning fuels at a combined rate of 12 tons a
second quickly depletes even the huge solid boosters and after about two minutes
we could feel a noticeable drop in acceleration. It actually felt as if we were
slowing down and pitching forward, but that was artifact of the senses as we
were still climbing upwards very swiftly.

There was a jolt as the solid boosters, having now become just dead weight,
were explosively separated at about 70,000 feet above the Earth. Then the engines,
feeling the sudden lost of mass, pushed us harder forward. Now, the changing
altitudes were called out not in feet, but in miles, and the changes in speed
in thousands of feet per second as we flew through the upper atmosphere at hypersonic
speeds.

At an altitude of 50 nautical miles, the traditional beginning to space, we
congratulated the novice crew members on reaching space, and I shook the hand
of the cosmonaut Salizhan Sharipov sitting to my left. The accelerations steadily
increased as our speed became faster and faster, and at 3-g acceleration the
engines were again slowed down to prevent excessive loads. But even that meant
that we would add nearly 4000 miles per hour to our speed every minute.

And at that acceleration, our speed soon reached 17,500 miles per hour, orbital
velocity; we were at orbital altitude, and the engines shut down. The sudden
loss of acceleration again gave us the false sensation of pitching forward.
But in reality we were coasting in space and were now weightless.

This breathtaking sequence was over in a mere eight and a half minutes, and
it is an amazing technical accomplishment that we have the capability to bring
people to orbit in that short of a time.

But for us, engine cutoff and arrival in space meant Andy Thomas and Dave the
start of the work to reconfigure the shuttle as Wolf trade places on a habitable
functioning spacecraft. The payload bay Mir doors were opened, the Spacehab
module in the payload bay itself was activated, and various systems were configured
for on-orbit operations. Over the coming days, this was to be our home, and
for me, the transfer to Mir was not far off. But before that could happen, it
was first necessary to rendezvous and dock with the Mir space station, followed
by transfer of all the supplies and logistics we were carrying. I shall talk
about these experiences next time.