The INF Treaty imposed far greater obligations on the U.S. Government
than any previous arms control agreement. Implementing these new
responsibilities fell primarily to the Department of Defense (DoD), with
the State Department Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and FBI
playing significant roles. Two entirely new bodies established within
the U.S. government carried out INF Treaty provisions. The On-Site
Inspection Agency (OSIA) was created as an independent DoD agency
specifically to implement the Treaty's on-site inspection and escort
obligations. The Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers (NRRCs), originally
established in the State Department to reduce the possibility of accidental
nuclear conflict, were made the principal channel for receiving and
transmitting INF notifications.

THE INF IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE

Since the INF Treaty involved the elimination of military missile
systems, the DoD was charged with its implementation. DoD components
began planning in summer 1987 to carry out INF Treaty provisions. U.S.
implementation responsibilities were identified, DoD agencies familiarized with their projected obligations and systematic planning initiated.
Initial implementation efforts, however, were complicated by the fact that
many of the most difficult provisions to implement, particularly in the
verification area, were agreed upon only in the final weeks before the INF
Treaty was signed. In addition, although the U.S. assumed substantial new

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