In that case, the Court ruled that the First Amendment prohibits restrictions on so-called “independent expenditures” by corporations to attempt to defeat or elect candidates. The Court equated corporations with people for purposes of free speech rights and struck down key provisions of the federal Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act.

The creation of absolute corporate “speech” rights to spend money on elections is contrary to Constitutional principles and to the American vision of self-government by free people. That vision cannot coexist with elections dominated by hundreds of millions of dollars of corporate electioneering money.

Caution about corporate interference in politics goes back to our earliest days as a nation. James Madison, for example, warned that corporations may be “necessary evils,” but they must have proper “limitations and guards.” That’s why the federal ban on corporate political contributions enacted by Theodore Roosevelt and Congress in 1907 was never, until Citizens United, viewed as a restriction on anyone’s free speech.

We know that amending the Constitution must be reserved for what Madison called “great and extraordinary occasions.”

Americans have many times used the amendment process to remove obstacles to people’s participation in self-government on equal terms. The 13th Amendment ended slavery; the 14th guaranteed liberty, due process, and equal protection to all; and the 15th guaranteed the right to vote could not be abridged on account of race. With the 17th Amendment, the people claimed the right to elect U.S. Senators. The 19th Amendment guaranteed the right of women to vote—directly overruling the Supreme Court. In fact, in the 20th Century alone, we amended the Constitution 12 times.

Constitutional amendments require a wide consensus across all party lines. Citizens United has created that consensus. Most Americans know that corporations are not people and that money is not speech.

Indeed, according to multiple polls, more than two-thirds of the American people, regardless of political party, reject the Citizens United decision and do not accept that we the people cannot decide for ourselves the appropriate level of regulation of the use of corporate money to determine our election results.

We did not lightly conclude that the long, hard work of a Constitutional amendment campaign must begin. But we cannot ignore the state of our nation and the increasing danger that our government may no longer be of, for, and by the people. We look forward to exploring with Congress, our states, and the American people the path back to a spirited and healthy democracy.

Jeffrey, co-founder of Free Speech for People, previously served as assistant attorney general and chief of the Attorney General’s Public Protection Bureau. Ben is a Boston attorney who served as chief legal counsel to the governor and as an assistant U.S. attorney.

Free Speech For People is a national constitutional amendment campaign, launched on the day of the Citizens United decision, to restore and strengthen American democracy for people, not corporations. Free Speech For People led the circulation of this letter and the enlistment of its signatories. For more information on the campaign, see .

Interested?

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Jeffrey D. Clements and Ben T. Clements wrote this article for What Happy Families Know, the Winter 2011 issue of YES! Magazine.