October 31, 1926

Marital Tragedy

THE SUN ALSO RISES
By Ernest Hemingway.

rnest Hemingway's first novel, "The Sun Also Rises," treats of certain of those younger
Americans concerning whom Gertrude Stein has remarked: "You are all a lost
generation." This is the novel for which a keen appetite was stimulated by Mr.
Hemingway's exciting volume of short stories. "In Our Time." The clear objectivity and
the sustained intensity of the stories , and their concentration upon action in the present
moment, seemed to point to a failure to project a novel in terms of the same method, yet a
resort to any other method would have let down the reader's expectations. It is a relief to
find that "The Sun Also Rises" maintains the same heightened, intimate tangibility as the
shorter narratives and does it in the same kind of weighted, quickening prose.

Mr. Hemingway has chosen a segment of life which might easily have become "a
spectacle with unexplained horrors," and disciplined it to a design which gives full value
to its Dionysian, all but uncapturable, elements. On the face of it, he has simply
gathered, almost at random, a group of American and British expatriates from Paris,
conducted them on a fishing expedition, and exhibited them against the background of a
wild Spanish fiesta and bull-fight. The characters are concisely indicated. Much of their
inherent natures are left to be betrayed by their own speech, by their apparently aimless
conversation among themselves. Mr. Hemingway writes a most admirable dialogue. It
has the terse vigor of Ring Lardner at his best. It suggests the double meanings of Ford
Madox Ford's records of talk. Mr. Hemingway makes his characters say one thing,
convey still another, and when a whole passage of talk has been given, the reader finds
himself the richer by a totally unexpected mood, a mood often enough of outrageous
familiarity with obscure heartbreaks.

The story is told in the first person, as if by one Jake Barnes, an American newspaper
correspondent in Paris. This approach notoriously invites digression and clumsiness.
The way Mr. Hemingway plays this hard-boiled Jake is comparable to Jake's own
evocations of the technique of the expert matador handling his bull. In fact, the bull-fight
within the story bears two relations to the narrative proper. It not only serves to bring the
situation to a crisis, but it also suggests the design which Mr. Hemingway is following.
He keeps goading Jake, leading him on, involving him in difficulties, averting serious
tragedy for him, just as the matador conducts the bull through the elaborate pattern of
danger.

The love affair of Jake and the lovely, impulsive Lady Ashley might easily have
descended into bathos. It is an erotic attraction which is destined from the start to be
frustrated. Mr. Hemingway has such a sure hold on his values that he makes an
absorbing, beautifully and tenderly absurd, heartbreaking narrative of it. Jake was
wounded in the war in a manner that won for him a grandiose speech from the Italian
General. Certainly Jake is led to consider his life worse than death. When he and Brett
(Lady Ashley) fall in love, and know, with that complete absence of reticences of the war
generation, that nothing can be done about it, the thing might well have ended there. Mr.
Hemingway shows uncanny skill in prolonging it and delivering it of all its implications.

No amount of analysis can convey the quality of "The Sun Also Rises." It is a truly
gripping story, told in a lean, hard, athletic narrative prose that puts more literary English
to shame. Mr. Hemingway knows how not only to make words be specific but how to
arrange a collection of words which shall betray a great deal more than is to be found in
the individual parts. It is magnificent writing, filled with that organic action which gives
a compelling picture of character. This novel is unquestionably one of the events of an
unusually rich year in literature.