Empirical Science validates itself by claiming its assertions are based on measurements of physical reality. However, none of its claims has any basis in physical reality. There is no physical evidence that gravity is proportional to, and therefore a property of mass. There is no way to prove that an object will move in a straight line unless a force acts on it to change that motion and, in fact, nothing moves in straight lines. The historic swirling mass of gas claimed to impart its motion to matter in the solar system and therefore account for the rotation and orbiting of planets is just an ad hoc fantasy that fails to explain any of the chaotic movement that is the solar system, and the off-the-wall assertion that chaos provides the solar system with the stability it needs if it were formed out of a swirling mass of gas is as nonsensical as the unfounded belief that particles that repel each other hold matter together. Even the measurable facts Empirical Science claims as validation are opposed by measurements in physical reality. Light, which can be physically measured to diminish out of existence with distance on Earth travels forever in space so that we can see stars at the end of the universe and the beginning of time. Objects, which come to rest with respect to the forces acting upon them on Earth are claimed to move without current force in space. Energy is always consumed on Earth but gravity, which forces objects to come to rest on the surface of the Earth, is not used up when it bends the straight-line motion of the planets into circular motion. Momentum, which is always overcome by gravity on Earth is not affected by gravity in space allowing planets in space to be bent into perpetual circular orbits. In putting numbers to things, Empirical Science can only approximate the stars in galaxies and the atoms in matter in the billions, but can tell with precise accuracy the number of electrons orbiting the nuclei of the atom of any element. It uses parallax measurements to determine interstellar distances when the errors that have to be taken into consideration to compute the measurements exceed the measurements themselves.

Empirical science makes the unexamined assumption that colors are lined up by wavelength the way they emerge from a prism, blue to red, with red the lowest wavelength. Careful analysis of light's luminosity, the way the eye color adapts and the way colors are produced by mixing pigments or adding colored light, however, demonstrate that light is ordered from high frequency white light to low frequency blue light with yellow, red and green frequencies descending in that order between.

The misconception that light is ordered the way it comes out of a prism is one misconception replaced in Light, the sixth volume of The Copernican Series. The misconception that white light is made up of all colors, which requires that matter absorb all colors but the color reflected, is eliminated in favor of light being a frequency which is reduced when it interacts with matter. With light a frequency, the misconception produced by Young's two-slit experiment that light is a wave is eliminated in favor of the actual dynamics of the experiment showing light to be made up of a flow of particles organized into packets by the process of combustion.

A further misconception, that light is not made up of what gives it off, and therefore does not exist between its cause and effect, is eliminated in favor of a clear explanation of the structure of light, what it is, how it is produced, how it moves, how it interacts with matter, and how it dissipates. With light something that is real, that is actually produced by matter, the misconception of polarity is removed from the current concept of the atom that makes up matter and an atom constructed that actually produces light.

With a clear picture of the structure of light and the matter that produces it, Light describes the relationship of light to heat, energy, electricity and magnetism, and the effect of light in physical reality, from mirages to morning glories, lightning to tornadoes.

What is more prevalent in our existence than gravity? Light!
Empirical science, which claims to be a hair width away from finally explaining everything in the universe with the TOE (Theory of Everything) explains gravity away as a property of matter, as if this dynamic force were simply something like color or hardness. In short, its theory of gravity doesn't explain anything, so empirical science naturally claims in explains everything.
Empirical science, on the other hand, has no idea what light is, so it says, well, light is simply nothing, it is like a water wave which doesn't exist unless there is a disturbance in water. Because water waves have no independent existence, the light that warms the planet and produces its life, illuminating the planet to allow the life that evolved there to navigate reality successfully, has no independent existence.
Or, perhaps, empirical science has told us in the 20th Century, light might also, at times, appear as a particle, making light then the clearly understood wave/particle.
This hogwash ignores electricity and magnetism, both of which are inextricably tied up with light. Of all the false thoughts adopted as laws and reality Newton foisted off on the world, the only one that was rejected was his particle. Because Newton believed that matter was made up uniformly of particles (he had to take this absurd position to prove that gravity was a property of matter), he also believed that light was a particle.
Young, at the beginning of the 19th Century, demonstrated what he thought was the wave nature of light with his two-slit experiment, where light was split, then intermingled and collected on a screen. The screen disclosed black lines which Young interpreted as being identical to the absence of water waves when two waves intersect and the troughs of one cancel out the crests of the other.
Unfortunately, Young's experiment, taken as proof for the wave nature of light today, was conducted before Henry's discovery of inductance, the flows that recombine electrical flows, in the1830's. If Young had known about inductance, he would have seen clearly what was happening: Light was made up of the same particles as electricity, those particles were neutralized by the inductive flows light (and electricity) form, and the dark lines that appeared on the screen were simply the result of the split light, overexpanded, being recombined by the inductive flows so that there was no light to fall on the collection screen.
But empirical science is controlled by the timing of its creation of facts because once created, scientific facts become more real than real facts and crowd out reality at the expense of fantasy.
Once Young established the similarity of light to electricity, any intelligent scientific observer would then have been able to understand why light not only diminishes inversely with the square of its distance, it diminishes uniformly, its structure controlled by the inductive flows it produces when it passes. And it wouldn't have been too much longer before open scientific investigation discovered that it was the recombining of the expanding light by its inductive flows that produced the force that causes objects to move back towards the source of the expanding electromagnetic emission fields produced by cooling objects such as the sun and the planets, light and gravity being the only two phenomena that measure out exactly the same in their physical operation.
Light: Replacing Three Centuries of Misconceptions unifies light, electricity and magnetism with a physical explanation of how the single particle with its two properties disclosed in Atoms, Stars and Minds produces each. It also tackles the hardest job in science, putting the spectrum back in its proper order, with yellow the shortest frequency (as opposed to the misguided notion of wavelength), red, rather than blue the next shortest, and then green followed by blue, the longest, setting a universe based on red as the shortest wavelength, on its tail, reversing the Big Bangers and reversing the rotation of the galaxy so that it comes within the actual reality of the movement of the solar system.

With Kepler's Laws of planetary motion, the most mathematical of laws, failing to describe the reality it was designed to describe, where does that leave all of the nonmathematically based laws that underlie modern science, laws which seek to describe reality based on the agreement that they are evident to the sense of all mankind?
Does modern science have at its roots a misperception similar to the misconception that put the sun moving around the Earth, a misconception of the universe so basic as to reverse the picture of reality?
By assuming movement in the universe to be the result of historical forces, modern science has blinded itself to the measurable fact that matter requires force to remain in motion. As a result, science analyzes the universe with concepts designed to explain what is causing matter to move from trajectories assumed to be the result of historical forces rather than analyzing what is causing the matter to move in the first place.
If modern science can create laws that don't describe reality and then conform reality to those laws, if it can ignore the forces required to maintain current motion in favor of creating a physical reality that doesn't exist, then it must be operating with a defective methodology!At the Gates of the Citadel shows that the scientific method is a tool to create facts rather than a method to analyze physical reality. It describes the mistakes, the misconceptions that have led to the picture of reality modern science paints, a picture that has no basis in physical reality.

Empirical science purports to use procedures which turn concepts into facts. In doing so, it creates unchallengeable laws, laws that were created by men hundreds of years ago before we had any real knowledge of reality, but which now control the reality that empirical science paints a picture of for us. For instance, in an attempt to demonstrate that gravity is proportional to matter, rather than what matter is doing, cooling, Newton created a law that planets will move in straight lines but for the force of gravity, giving rise to the endless search for black holes and dark matter.
Thus, our concepts of motion are built the billiard tables of the elite upon which balls remain at rest until something strikes them, and then remain in motion until something stops them.
But the balls, sitting motionless on the billiard table, are not motionless. They are traveling around eight hundred miles an hour where I live, moving with the surface of the Earth as the Earth rotates on its axis at about 25,000 miles per hour. They are moving at the rate of 67,000 miles per hour as the Earth orbits the sun, and about 300 miles per hour as the sun falls within the galactic arm.
Thus, the existing laws of motion do not adequately explain motion, because empirical science has no physical description of what is holding the balls motionless with respect to the surface of the Earth and no physical description of the forces that make the planets rotate on their axes or orbit the sun, or the sun to drift with the galactic arm of which it is a part.
However, knowing that the balls at rest on the surface of the billiard table are not motionless, we can look at the planets orbiting the sun, and assume they are in motion when in fact we know that all objects, no matter where, come to rest with respect to the current forces that are acting upon them, the new law of motion set forth in At the Gates of the Citadel. Even though with respect to one another, the forces with which the planets are at rest with cause the planets to appear to move, knowing that the planets are at rest with respect to the current forces acting upon them leads us to examine reality in a search for what Sir Francis Bacon called the hidden causes of motion, causes that we would never really be able to know with certainty, but which we could approximate by creating concepts based on existing facts, and then updating those concepts as new facts come to light, the very antithesis of the empirical law producing, fact creating scientific method.At the Gates of the Citadel outlines the way we have to deal with the things we can never know with certainty, eliminating all of the laws and scientific "facts" in favor of a concept model designed to weed out the inconsistent in favor of that which explains the most, with the most consistency and the least effort, the goal of The Copernican Series.

Science ignores the fact that the Earth is made up of vast tracks of different elements and that each of those elements has a potential difference with respect to the other elements. Given over to a scientific method that deals only with facts and has no control over the concepts needed to explain those facts, particularly the hidden forces that cause planets to rotate, science ignores the effect of the planet's rotation on the potential differences of these elements, potential differences which change with temperature as the planet alternates between night and day, establishing current flows within the Earth that constantly move back and forth, the little known, even less studied and never discussed telluric currents.

Unaware of reality, empirical science creates unfounded and nonprovable conclusions dealing with the source of life, an evolution that has no basis in fact. In response, religion fights back with creationism while a midpoint is attempted using arguments of design.

The Cooling Continuum uses scientifically proven facts to show how life formed. Once life forms, however, empirical science has no explanation for how species evolve. Ignoring the reality that the force that causes objects to drop is a dynamic force, empirical science claims it is a mere property of matter, the very antithesis of a force, something like color or hardness, something that just exists, when there are only two things that behave alike in the universe, gravity, which diminishes inversely with the square of the distance from its source, and the electromagnetic emissions from cooling bodies such as the Earth or the sun, which also diminish inversely with the square of their distance from the source. With cooling a dynamic source of energy, empirical science ignores what effect cooling might have on the evolution of life of Earth and other planets, how it might well be the cause for the rise and fall of species on Earth as a hotter Earth produced a stronger field of gravity in which larger bones and muscles were needed to move, explaining the size and mobility of the dinosaurs, while today's cooler Earth supports the smaller mammals that now rule it.

The Cooling Continuum: The Rise and Fall of Species on Earth, follows the one-way street of evolution as life forms on the hot planet and evolves to meet the changing conditions of temperature and gravity as the planet cools off, and projects what will happen to that life if it doesn't wake up and sniff reality, learn to deal with the facts of the universe, the cause of force and motion, rather than follow mathematically flawed and baseless concepts to the point that the Earth's cooling, no longer able to sustain life, leaves its surface as barren as the moon, and the unique life that formed on the Earth a trace at first, then nothing more.

When Newton was faced with explaining what made the planets orbit the sun, he couldn't! He therefore left it up to God to keep the planets moving. Although Newton didn't bother grappling with the question of what made the Earth rotate, Laplace, in trying to eliminate God as the cause of planetary orbiting, used the notion that the planets condensed out of a swirling mass of gas to explain both orbiting and rotation.
Today, the conservation of motion in closed systems has been added to obscure the fact that we have no better explanation for planetary orbiting and rotation than Newton's God!
In our ignorance of what causes the planets to orbit and rotate, we have used historical forces, forces which are not subject to direct analysis, to explain planetary movement.
If historical forces are causing the Earth to rotate, then anything that would cause friction with the Earth's surface would cause it to slow down.
Because the atmosphere hasn't slowed the Earth down, the argument goes, it can't be causing friction with the surface of the Earth.
This, of course, is absurd, requiring the notion that the particles of air that make up the atmosphere were put in motion as a result of the historical swirling mass of gas!
Absurdity, however, has not precluded slavishly applying the assumption of Newton's historic momentum to the atmosphere in current attempts to explain the weather, obscuring explanations of how the weather really works!
The author, using the atom modeled in Atoms, Stars and Minds: Synthesizing an Elementary Particle That Comprehends Itself explains how the winds originate from the movement of air masses between the equator and the poles, and shows how heat is transferred by the interaction of oxygen and hydrogen atoms in the air masses as they move the atoms through the environment to produce the weather.

Empirical science can't explain why the wind blows!
The reason that empirical science is ignorant of this aspect of the weather, as well as the nature of clouds, the myth of evaporation and the movement of heat in the atmosphere is because Newtonianism prohibits reality from intruding into weather models which, while becoming more computerized and more complex, can't explain the simplest thing about the weather, why clouds move faster in the direction of the Earth's rotation the further north or south they move from the equator, in short, what causes the jet stream.
Newton and his heirs claim, as a result of pure ignorance, that the Earth's rotation results from historical forces, that it gained its momentum from the mythical swirling mass of gas out of which our solar system was supposed to have condensed, the swirling mass of gas being substituted in the less religious late 18th century for Newton's God coming back periodically to give the planets a boost.
If the planet's rotation is the result of historical forces, then if its surface were allowed to interact with the atmosphere, the atmosphere would produce a drag on the rotation that would long ago have slowed the Earth down to a standstill as far as motion around its axis is concerned. This conclusion is dictated by the fact that empirical science, unable to deal with the hidden forces that cause the motion around us, simply ignores those forces, eliminating them as properties of matter or historical events like the big bang or the swirling mass of gas.
If the atmosphere cannot be interacting with the surface of the Earth to produce a drag on the Earth's rotation, then the Earth, by the same hogwash cannot effect the motion of the atmosphere when in fact, with the Earth spinning at 25,000 miles per hour at its equator, the friction of the planet with the atmosphere causes the atmosphere to speed up to that same speed. When the atmosphere is pushed up, not by evaporation, but by the sunlight breaking down the molecules of water into its constituent hydrogen and oxygen atoms, those atoms, lighter, are forced north and south by heavier air moving down from the poles, air that has been forced back down into the lower regions where the warmth of the Earth recombines the hydrogen and oxygen atoms, producing the weather we experience.
But, with respect to the atmosphere that is moving north, while the further north the air moves, the slower the surface of the Earth is moving, until at the poles it is not moving at all, but just traveling in a circle, the ice crystals of hydrogen and oxygen continue to move at 25,000 miles per hour until they are forced down into the lower regions, at which point, they are forced to slow down. Meanwhile, the air returning from the poles, having slowed down, is now being speeded up by its contact with the ever increasing speed of the Earth towards the equator, producing the interactions of weather and the wind at the lower regions.
Empirical science knows nothing about the nature of reality because it ignores the current force that causes the motions that define our existence, and when it ignores current forces, it creates fictions which don't explain reality. Once we realize that the Newtonianistas are fabricators of the first order, that the surface of the Earth does interact with the atmosphere, the nature of weather becomes crystal clear and we can see How the Weather Really Works!

Atoms, Stars and Minds is the linchpin of the Copernican Series. Instead of mindlessly creating elementary particles to explain diverse phenomena, the electron for electricity, the photon for light, the graviton for gravity, ending up in a science based on mindless naming, it looks at reality and asks, what would be the properties of a single elementary particle that could then be used to explain everything that we see?
Looking at reality for the properties of that particle, we find that there are only two things that are real in the universe. The first is that things are solid and therefore are held together by something. The second thing is that solid things come apart during combustion, emitting an electromagnetic emission field that travels at the speed of light.
Thus, creating an elementary particle with the two properties that reflect these two facts, that the particles have an affinity to come together into solid matter, and once they come together, have a stored energy that makes them want to come apart at the speed of light, produces two properties, affinity propensity and at rest motion, the notion that the elementary particle is at rest when it is moving at the speed of light, two opposing properties in a single particle which can then be used to explain the physical reality that we comprehend.
The single particle with its two properties is then used to construct an atom that works and can be used to explain the existence of matter, the periodic table, combustion, the formation of matter into galaxies, stars, solar systems, planets and moons and the cause of the motion of the galaxies and the matter that makes up the solar system, the motion of the planets in their orbits around the sun, the moons around the planets, and most important, their rotation on their axes.
Noting that creating an elementary particle with two properties that explain physical reality, however, is not a sufficient check on the accuracy of the particle, Atom, Stars and Minds demands that a particle that explains reality also explain how we, the comprehenders of that reality, can actually comprehend it, how the mind can know that it is a part of the reality that it occupies.Atoms, Stars and Minds throws out the physics and astronomy books that reflect the mindless laws of centuries past created by men who knew nothing of reality and accomplishes precisely what it claims, it synthesizes an elementary particle that comprehends itself.