Have England learned?

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England deserve credit for the three consecutive Tests they won before this match but, for much of this contest, looked like they had learned little from a hammering by South Africa on the same ground in 2017, when they were bowled out for 205 and 133.

On this occasion, they surrendered all 10 wickets between lunch and tea on Sunday to be dismissed for 161 in their first innings.

Now, the question for Joe Root’s side is can they follow the example of Buttler and Stokes to move on from the recklessness that has contributed to their recent Test results being so inconsistent?

Questions over who joins Alastair Cook at the top of the order have now spread to Cook himself, while current partner Keaton Jennings is in desperate need of runs in his second attempt at Test cricket.

Ollie Pope looked skittish at Trent Bridge, though allowances can be made for a 20-year-old in his second Test, and the Bairstow injury seems likely to leave a vacancy in the middle order.

On top of the batting, England continue to be hampered by dropped catches – 14 have gone down in three Tests so far this series.

India on the up

India were awful in the second Test at Lord’s, bowled out for 107 and 130 and seemingly over-reliant on the runs of captain Kohli, who was struggling with a back problem.

Even though Kohli made scores of 97 and 103 here, the whole team has contributed.

All of the top order spent some time at the crease, debutant wicketkeeper Rishabh Pant provided dynamism, while Hardik Pandya had a fine all-round match and was part of an incisive four-man pace attack.

Perhaps their only concern from this win is an injury to off-spinner Ravichandran Ashwin that restricted his contribution throughout.

Prior to this match, India had won only one of their previous 11 Tests in England and passed 200 just once in their previous nine completed innings.

Now, the world number ones have their house in order and still have a chance of a first Test series victory here since 2007.