Rhode Island financial planner and lawyer Joseph Caramadre was sentenced to six years in prison for his role in an investment scheme that recruited terminally ill people to sign over death benefits to passive investors. (Matthew Healey for ProPublica)

PROVIDENCE, R.I. — Joseph Caramadre believed he had found the Holy Grail for
investors, a risk-free way to speculate in financial securities — all
upside with little or no downside. All he needed to make it work were people
who would soon be dead.

Today, in a federal courtroom in
Rhode Island, the scheme ended with a six-year prison sentence for Caramadre.

"Joseph Caramadre
saw death as a holiday, a cause for celebration, a way to make money,"
U.S. Attorney Peter Neronha declared on the courthouse
steps downtown. "He stole the identities of people and used it to make
money from companies who should have probably done more due diligence."

The sentencing came more than a
year after Caramadre and an associate pleaded
guilty to conspiracy and wire fraud charges. In part, the delay
was caused by Caramadre’s failed effort to rescind
that plea.

ProPublica wrote
about Caramadre in August of 2012, describing how
the Rhode Island attorney and accountant fashioned his strategy around variable
annuities that carried death benefits, payable if the annuitant died.

Before the financial crisis,
insurance companies were so eager to sell these annuity policies that they
didn't check the health of policyholders. In exchange for a small amount of
money, Caramadre, 53, and his associate, Raymour Radhakrishnan, 29,
convinced terminally ill people to serve as "measuring lives" on the
policies.

Caramadre then
lined up investors who put in much greater sums. When the sick person died, his
investors would either reap the death benefit — usually at least the
initial amount invested — or any gain from the investment, whichever was
greater.

Toward the end of the scheme, Caramadre branched out to so-called death put bonds. These
also had death benefits that allowed the holder to reap the full price of the
bond even if it had been purchased at a discount.

When prosecutors began
investigating in 2009, they found family members who claimed that, while their
loved ones took the money, they hadn't fully understood the scheme. There were
also allegations that some terminally ill participants had been purposefully
deceived about the nature of what they were signing and even in a few cases had
their signatures forged. Most of the contact with the terminally ill was left
to Radhakrishnan.

"While the nature of the
victimization of the terminally ill was not monetary, it was a very real
emotional and psychological victimization," U.S. District Judge William
Smith said at the sentencing.

Smith remarked several times
during the hearing, however, about how "difficult" and
"complex" the case was, even suggesting that but for a few
allegations it might have been a civil rather than a criminal case.

In court filings and publicly, Caramadre has denied the prosecution’s accusations, saying
that he instructed employees to properly explain the program to the annuitants
and would never countenance forgery by an employee.

Four days into a trial last year, Caramadre and Radhakrishnan pleaded
guilty to two counts of a 66-count indictment. Shortly after that, Caramadre tried to take back the plea, blaming chronic
depression and his wife's nervous breakdown.

Smith didn't buy the argument and
sent Caramadre to jail, where he’s been for seven
months. The judge said the attempted plea change was a factor in the sentence
he handed down, calling it "an incredibly cynical effort to manipulate the
court."

Smith also sentenced Radhakrishnan to a year and a day of prison time, plus six months of home detention.

In his heyday, Caramadre
operated a successful estate planning business and gave millions to charities
and politicians. Now few charities will acknowledge that he was a donor, Caramadre said at the hearing. And his contributions have become
political kryptonite.

One investor in his scheme was
Terry McAuliffe, now the Democratic governor-elect of Virginia. Caramadre briefly became a factor in the Virginia
governor's race last October when The Associated Press incorrectly reported
that McAuliffe had "lied to a federal official" during the Caramadre investigation.

The report erroneously assumed
that a "T.M." mentioned in the Caramadre
indictment was McAuliffe even though the person with those initials was identified
in a prosecution document as having worked construction, an unlikely pursuit
for McAuliffe.

McAuliffe subsequently donated
$47,000, approximately what he had made as a passive investor in Caramadre's scheme, to the American Cancer Society.
McAuliffe's campaign also donated another $27,000 that Caramadre
had contributed to his candidacy.

Caramadre, a
devout Catholic, placed ads in the newspaper of the Roman Catholic Diocese of
Providence in an attempt to find terminally ill participants.

The ads promised $2,000 to all who
responded, and Caramadre gave that amount to as many
as 135 people without enlisting them in his scheme, he said in today's hearing.
Those who did participate
usually received between $3,000 and $10,000.

Judge
Smith said he will call a separate hearing to determine a restitution amount to
be assessed against the defendants in the criminal case.

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