Introduction

When a computer does not "check in" with Active Directory for over 30 days, it will lose its trust relationship. Users will not be able to login to the domain as a result.
"The trust relationship between this workstation and primary domain failed" - is usually on screen
This is the QUICKER way to re-join a domain using the inbuilt network wizard tool.
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Requires only one reboot
PC does not need to be removed from Active Directory
Any authenticated user can complete

Run the Wizard

Under System Properties - instead of clicking change to remove/join a domain - select the button above, "Network ID"

3

Enter Domain Details

Complete the Wizard (authenticated users are also able to do this).
It will ask for a user name and password - this is anyone that can authenticate with the domain.
You do NOT need to remove the existing account form AD to complete this.
ONE reboot and you're done!

Conclusion

The above explains how to re-join a PC to the domain, once the trust relationship has broken., requiring only one reboot.

Another method that works well is to change the domain name in the regular "join domain" GUI to use the netbios name of the domain. For instance, if your domain is contoso.local, change it to contoso and it will successfully reconnect to the domain and reattach to the original computer object.

This worked for me, and was very helpful. I was getting a failure with the Powershell method, where the command wouldn't accept the -Credential switch. This got me back in action again without needing a solution to that. Well done!