Abstract: Kenneth Rexroth (1905-1982) was an author, critic, poet, teacher, translator and active member of San Francisco's cultural,
political, and poetry scenes from the 1930s through the 1960s. The collection consists of correspondence, manuscripts, and
ephemera by and about Rexroth, and members of his circle.

Language:
English

Repository:
University of California, Los Angeles. Library Special Collections.

Property rights to the physical object belong to UCLA Library Special Collections. Literary rights, including copyright,
are retained by the creators and their heirs. It is the responsibility of
the researcher to determine who holds the copyright and pursue the
copyright owner or his or her heir for permission to publish where The UC
Regents do not hold the copyright.

Initial processing of the collection was completed in 1965. In preparation for shipment to SRLF, Simon Elliott and Lilace
Hatayama created a brief list of post-1965 additions to the collection in 1990. Eric Gudas fully reprocessed the manuscripts
and Handler series with assistance from Laurel McPhee in 2004-2005; all other series were processed by Laurel McPhee with
assistance from CFPRT staff in 2005.

Born December 22, 1905 in South Bend, Indiana; campaigned for many radical groups, particularly the Wobblies (Industrial Workers
of the World), and espoused eroticism and general anarchy; influenced by poet William Carlos Williams and the Second Chicago
Renaissance; founded San Francisco Poetry Center with Lawrence Ferlinghetti and Allen Ginsberg; although his Bohemian lifestyle
was emulated by Beats, he did not like the movement for its artistic excess and lack of rigor; noted as an accomplished painter
with one-man shows throughout the world; translated poems from the Chinese and Japanese languages; died June 6, 1982 in Montecito,
California.

Expanded Biographical Narrative

Kenneth Rexroth (22 Dec. 1905- 6 June 1982) was born in Southwest Indiana. His family lived in various Midwestern cities until
he was orphaned in 1919, and moved in with an aunt in Chicago. Rexroth pursued a vigorous self-education while working odd
jobs, backpacking across the country, and writing poetry; his early work was strongly influenced by Chicago's Second Renaissance.
He married Andrée Schafer in 1927, and the couple moved to San Francisco. During the early 1930s, Rexroth became involved
in the Communist party's John Reed Clubs. During this time he developed friendships with other leftist poets. In the mid-1930s,
Rexroth participated in the Federal Writers' Project, and published some of his poetry in journals and little magazines. His
lifelong friendship with prominent
New Directions publisher James Laughlin was established at this time.

In 1938 Rexroth shifted his Communist-based political ideologies to an ecologically informed pacifism. He married Marie Kass
following his first wife's death in 1940, and registered as a conscientious objector during World War II. Rexroth established
a philosophy club and hosted discussion salons that attracted other West coast intellectuals and poets, and became known as
the father of the Beat generation.

Rexroth received a Guggenheim fellowship in 1948 and traveled extensively across Europe and the United States. He fathered
his two daughters, Katharine and Mary, by philosophy student Marthe Larsen. In addition to his weekly radio show and writings,
Rexroth began to read poetry with live jazz accompaniment at popular performances. After Kass divorced him in 1955, Rexroth
wed Larsen in 1958; they divorced in 1961.

In the 1960s Rexroth supported both civil rights struggles and the anti-war movement. Disassociating himself from his radical
past and cultural affiliation with Beatniks and Bohemians, Rexroth became more aligned with the mainstream media and was a
regular essayist for the
Saturday Review and
San Francisco Examiner. Rexroth received a National Institute of Arts and Letters award in 1964. He became a lecturer at the University of California,
Santa Barbara (1968-1974), where he taught popular writing courses. His later poems were greatly influenced by Eastern philosophy
and the work of Japanese and Chinese poets; he also became known for his poetry translations. In 1974 and 1975, Rexroth won
a Fulbright to Japan and a Copernicus Award for lifetime achievement. He married his fourth wife, Carol Tinker, in 1974. He
died in Santa Barbara in 1982.

Rexroth's poetry publications include:
In What Hour (1940),
The Phoenix and the Tortoise (1944),
The Signature of All Things (1949),
In Defense of the Earth (1956),
Natural Numbers (1963),
Elastic Retort (1973),
New Poems (1974), and
Flower Wreath Hill (1991). His translations include
100 Poems from the Chinese (1956),
100 Poems from the Japanese (1964),
Pierre Reverdy, Selected Poems (1969),
Love and the Turning Year (1970),
Orchid Boat (1972),
100 Poems from the French (1972), and
100 More Poems from the Japanese (1976).

Scope and Content

The collection consists of original correspondence, manuscripts, and assorted printed materials that document Rexroth's writing,
interests, and activities. Of particular note is the voluminous personal correspondence between Rexroth and close friends
and family members, in addition to correspondence from major writers, poets and cultural figures, including: Ansel Adams,
Homero Ardijis, Robert Bly, John Cicardi, Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Morgan Gibson, Allen Ginsberg, James Laughlin, Denise Levertov,
Gerard Malanga, Henry Miller, Kenneth Patchen, Edouard Roditi, William Carlos Williams, Edward Weston, and George Woodcock.
The collection also includes single letters from prominent people such as Pearl S. Buck, James P. Cooney, Jack Kerouac, Ezra
Pound, Man Ray, and Isaac B. Singer, among others. The manuscript series contains Rexroth's typescripts and handwritten works
across several genres, including poetry, prose, translations, reviews, and his work for the Federal Writers' Project. Other
series include extensive ephemera documenting the San Francisco scene, such as anti-Vietnam fliers, posters announcing readings,
and event invitations; selected audio recordings of Rexroth's jazz readings and radio series; articles and clippings about
Rexroth and his circle; little magazines; and Rexroth's teaching and lecture files.