Diagnostic X-Ray Overview

Overview

Diagnostic x-ray procedures are studies that use ionizing radiation
to produce an image on x-ray film. Diagnostic
x-ray
studies can be done on all body parts.

Contrast media are used in various x-ray procedures to enhance the
image. The x-ray films are interpreted by the radiologist and the
report and/or films are sent to the referring physician.

Each type of diagnostic x-ray procedure is described briefly below. If
patient preparation is required, the patient should follow prep
instructions listed on the Adult or Pediatric Prep Sheet Instructions
form available through our offices or this site.

All diagnostic x-ray exams require a written prescription or referral
stating which exam is being ordered and the patient’s signs and
symptoms indicating medical necessity of the procedure.

Patients must be screened for asthma, allergies and diabetes and any
use of an inhaler prior to exams requiring contrast. If the patient is
diabetic, it is critical that we know what medications they are taking.

Patients should bring previous films or related exams to their
appointment. This information is very important and will expedite the
report of the diagnosis back to the referring physician.

Common X-ray Studies & Patient Preparation

Arthrogram

X-ray study performed for the visualization of cartilage, ligaments and
any loose bodies in a joint. The study requires an injection of
contrast or contrast and air into the joint space. There is no patient
preparation for this exam.

Barium Enema

X-ray study of the large intestine using barium and air introduced
through the rectum. Patient prep is required.

Cystogram

X-ray study of the bladder during which contrast material is dripped
into the bladder via a catheter. There is no preparation for this exam.

DXA

X-ray study of the bones (usually the spine and hips) to check for
osteoporosis (bone loss). There is no preparation for this exam. See
also
Screening for Health.

Esophagram

X-ray study of the esophagus which requires the patient to drink a
barium solution. Patient prep is required.

Hysterosalpingogram

X-ray study of the uterus and fallopian tubes during which contrast is
injected through the cervical opening. Patient prep is required.

IVP (Intravenous Pyelogram or Intravenous Urogram)

X-ray study of the kidneys and collecting system in which contrast is
injected into a vein. Patient prep is required.

Mammography - Digital Mammogram

X-ray study of the breast that uses a low level of radiation.
Mammography can detect lesions in breast tissue which might otherwise
go unnoticed because they are too small to be felt. This makes
mammography particularly valuable as a screening tool in detecting
early breast cancer.

There may be discomfort associated with a mammogram due to the
compression which is necessary to obtain a clear picture of the
internal structures. The compression is not dangerous and does not
damage breast tissue. It improves the accuracy of the mammogram and
also reduces the amount of radiation needed for the test. The
discomfort is temporary and can be relieved by oral analgesics.

Routine mammograms should be scheduled within the first 14 days after
the patient's period to reduce the amount of potential discomfort from
the compression.

Routine mammograms are interpreted by Mammography Specialists at the
University Radiology Digital Screening Mammography Program. Two views
of each breast are taken at the time of the office visit. If additional
views are needed to make the diagnosis, the patient is contacted to
return for specialized spot or magnification views as requested by the
Radiologist. If no additional views are needed, a report is sent to the
patient and the referring physician.

Please note that women under 30 years old are only scheduled for a
mammogram if there is an abnormality or severe family history.

The patient is requested not to use any powders, creams or deodorant
under the arms or around the breast area in preparation for the exam.
Patients are asked to please bring any prior mammogram studies from
other facilities with them for their appointment. Please note that it
is very important that all mammograms be returned to us so that they
can be used in the future for comparison. As part of the complete exam,
current films are always compared with prior studies.
See also Women's Diagnostics

Myelogram

X-ray study of the spinal column and nerves. Under fluoroscopic
guidance, the radiologist will place a needle into the spine
("spinal tap"). Through this same needle, contrast is
injected and subsequent x-rays obtained. A nurse from University
Radiology will contact the patient after the appointment is scheduled
to review any necessary preparation. It is critical, therefore, that we
have the home and work phone numbers of the patient.

Small Bowel Series

X-ray study of the small intestine which requires the patient to drink
a barium solution. Patient prep is required.

Upper GI Series

X-ray study of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine which
requires the patient to drink a barium solution with gas granules.
Patient prep is required.

UGI and Small Bowel

X-ray study of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine which
requires the patient to drink a barium solution with gas granules.
Patient prep is required.

VCUG (Voiding Cystourethrogram)

X-ray study of the bladder and urethra. Contrast is placed into the
bladder via a catheter. After filling the bladder, the catheter is
removed and pictures are taken as the patient voids. There is no
preparation for this exam.

X-ray Studies of the Head, Chest, Spine, Abdomen, or Extremities

No patient preparation is required. Please send any prior studies for
comparison.