The Z-source inverter (ZSI) provides unique features such as the ability to boost dc voltage with a single stage simple structure. Although the dc capacitor voltage can be boosted by a shoot-through state, the voltage stress across the switching devices is rapidly increased, so high switching device power is required at the ZSI. In this paper, algorithms for minimizing the voltage stress are suggested. The possible operating region for obtaining a desired ac output voltage according to both the shoot-through time and active state time is investigated. The reference capacitor voltages are derived for minimizing the voltage stress at any desired ac output voltage by considering the dc input voltage. The proposed methods are carried out through the simulation studies and experiments with 32-bit DSP.

In this paper, a nonlinear controller is proposed for Doubly-Fed Induction Machine (DFIM) drives. The nonlinear controller is designed based on an adaptive backstepping control technique, using a fifth order model of an induction machine in the synchronous d & q axis rotating reference frame, whose d axis coincides with the space voltage vector of the main AC supply, and using the rotor current and stator flux components as state variables. The nonlinear controller can perfectly track the torque reference signal measured in the stator terminals under the condition of unity power factor regulation, in spite of the stator and rotor resistance variations. In order to make the drive system capable of operating in the motoring and generating modes below and above the synchronous speed, two level Space-Vector PWM (SV-PWM) back-to-back voltage source inverters are employed in the rotor circuit. It is confirmed through computer simulation results that the proposed control approach is effective and valid.

Rotor resistance variation due to changing rotor temperature is a significant issue in the design of induction motor controls. In this work, a new on-line rotor resistance estimator is proposed based on an alternate qd induction machine model which provides better mathematical representation of an induction machine than the classical qd model (which uses constant parameters). This is because the former simultaneously includes leakage saturation, magnetizing path saturation, and distributed circuit effects in the rotor conductors. The comparisons via computer simulation studies show the ability of the proposed estimator to accurately track rotor resistance variation. For the experimental studies, due to the difficulty in measuring the actual rotor resistance, comparison of the controller performance using the proposed estimator, the classical qd model based estimator, and no estimator is made.

In this paper, the implementation of a three-phase shunt active power filter is presented. The filter is essentially three independent single-phase current-controlled voltage source inverters (CC-VSI) with a common DC bus. The CC- VSI is operated to directly control the AC grid current to be sinusoidal and in phase with the grid voltage without detecting the load currents. The APF consists of a current control loop, which shapes the grid currents to be sinusoidal and a voltage control loop, which regulates the active power balance of the system. The experimental results indicate that the active filter is able to handle predominantly the harmonics, as well as the unbalance and reactive power, so that the grid currents are sinusoidal, in phase with the grid voltages and symmetrical.

In this paper, a diagnosis method for switch open-circuit faults in three-phase PWM inverters is proposed, which employs support vector machine (SVM) as classifying method. At first, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to detect a discontinuity of currents due to the fault, and then the features for fault diagnosis are extracted. Next, these features are employed as inputs for the SVM training. After training, the SVM produces an optimized boundary which is used identifying the fault. Finally, the fault classification is performed online with instantaneous features. The experimental results have verified the validity of the proposed estimation algorithm.

In this paper, a new control algorithm for the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is proposed to regulate the load terminal voltage during various power quality problems that include sag, swell, harmonics and unbalance in the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). The proposed control strategy is an Adaline (Adaptive linear element) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and is used to control a capacitor supported DVR for power quality improvement. A capacitor supported DVR does not need any active power during steady state because the voltage injected is in quadrature with the feeder current. The control of the DVR is implemented through derived reference load terminal voltages. The proposed control strategy is validated through extensive simulation studies using the MATLAB software with its Simulink and SimPower System (SPS) toolboxes. The DVR is found suitable to support its dc bus voltage through the control under various disturbances.

A DC/DC converter generally needs to work under high switching frequency when used as an adjustable power supply to reduce the size of magnetic elements such as inductors, transformers and capacitors, but with the rising of the switch frequency, the switch losses will increase and the efficiency will reduce. Recently, to solve these problems, research is actively being done on a soft switching method that can be applied under high frequency and on a PWM converter that can be applied under low frequency such as a multi-level topology. In this paper a novel DC-DC conversion method for reducing the ripple of output voltage is proposed. In the proposed converter, buck converters are connected in series to generate the output voltage. By using this method, the ripple of output voltage can be reduced compared to a conventional buck converter. Particularly when output voltage is low, the number of acting switching elements is less and the result of ripple reduction is more obvious. It is expected that the converter proposed in this paper could be very useful in the case of wide-range output voltage.

Automatically tuned passive filters can improve power quality to a great extent in power systems. A novel three-phase shunt auto-tuned filter is designed to effectively compensate source current harmonics and to provide reactive power required by the non-linear load, which draws a highly reactive, harmonic-rich current from the supply. An artificial neural network (ANN) based controller selects filter component values in accordance with reactive power requirement and harmonic compensation. Traditional passive filters are permanently connected to the system and draw large amounts of source current even under light load conditions. By using auto-tuned filters, the passive filter components can be controlled according to load variations and, hence, draw only required source currents. The selection is done by the ANN with the help of a properly tuned knowledge base to provide instantaneous compensation using a digital controller.

This paper represents a design and implementation of a digital controller for a multi-phase synchronous buck converter (SBC) using a digital signal processor (DSP). The multi-phase SBC has generally been used for a voltage regulation module (VRM) of a microprocessor because of its high current handling capability at a low output voltage. The VRM requires high control performance of tight output regulation, high slew rate, and load sharing capability of multiple converters. In order to achieve these requirements, the design and implementation of a digital control system for a multi-phase SBC are presented in this paper. The digital PWM generation, current sensing, and voltage and current controller using a DSP TMS320F2812 are considered. The experimental results are provided to show the validity of the implemented digital control system.

In this paper an optimal damped input filter is designed based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) for an electrolytic capacitor-less AC-AC converter. Sufficient passive damping and minimum losses in passive damping elements, minimization of the filter output impedance at the filter cut-off frequency, minimization of the DC-link voltage and input current fluctuations, and minimization of the filter costs are the main objectives in the multi-objective optimization of the input filter. The proposed filter has been validated experimentally using an induction motor drive system employing an electrolytic capacitor-less AC-AC converter.

This paper presents the dynamic characteristics of buck and buck-boost dc-dc converters with digital filters. At first, the PID, the minimum phase FIR filter and the IIR filter controls are discussed in the buck dc-dc converter. Comparisons of the dynamic characteristics between the buck and buck-boost converters are then discussed. As a result, it is clarified that the superior dynamic characteristics are realized in the IIR filter method. In the buck converter, the undershoot is less than 2% and the transient time is less than 0.4ms. On the other hand, in the buck-boost converter, the undershoot is about 3%. However, the transient time is approximately over 4ms because the output capacitance is too large to suppress the output voltage ripple in this type of converter.

The performance of direct torque controlled (DTC) interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines is poor at low speeds due to a few reasons, namely limited accuracy of stator voltage acquisition and the presence of offset and drift components in the acquired signals. Due to factors such as forward voltage drop across switching devices in the three phase inverter and dead-time of the devices, the voltage across the machine terminals differ from the reference voltage vector used to estimate stator flux and electromagnetic torque. This can lead to instability of the IPM drive during low speed operation. Compensation schemes for forward voltage drops and dead-time are proposed and implemented in real-time control, resulting in improved performance of the space vector modulated DTC IPM drive, especially at low speeds. No additional hardware is required for these compensators.

The power supply systems, which require low-voltage / high-current output has been changing from the conventional centralized power system to a distributed power system. The distributed power system consists of a bus converter and POL. The most important factor is the system stability in bus architecture design. The overlap between the output impedance of a bus converter input impedance of POL causes system instability and has been an actual problem. By increasing the bus capacitor, the system stability can be easily improved. However, due to limited space on the system board, the increasing of bus capacitors is impractical. An urgent solution of this issue is strongly desired. This paper presents the output impedance design for on-board distributed power system by means of three control schemes of a bus converter. The output impedance peak of the bus converter and the input impedance of the POL are analyzed and then conformed experimentally for stability criterion. Furthermore, the design process of each control schemes for system stability is proposed.

The paper presents a method for controlling induction motors using a nonlinear internal model control (IMC) approach. The process model and the inverse model are developed in the rotor flux coordinate. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it easily specifies the performance (steady state error, transient response, etc.) and the robustness of the controller by means of the IMC filters. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results on a real time system show that the control system has good performance and robustness against changes in motor parameters (rotor and stator resistances, rotor and stator inductances, rotor inertia).

This paper introduces a new Motion- (Smart Power Modules) module in Single In-line Package (SIP), which is a fully optimized intelligent integrated IGBT inverter module for up to 1kW low power motor drive applications. This module offers a sophisticated, integrated solution and tremendous design flexibility. It also takes advantage of pliability for the arrangement of heat-sink due to two types of lead forms. It comes to be realized by employing non-punch-through (NPT) IGBT with a fast recovery diode and highly integrated building block, which features built-in HVICs and a gate driver that offers more simplicity and compactness leading to reduced costs and high reliability of the entire system. This module also provides technical advantages such as the optimized cost effective thermal performances through IMS (Insulated Metal Substrate), the high latch immunity. This paper provides an overall description of the Motion- in SIP as well as actual application issues such as electrical characteristics, thermal performance, circuit configurations and power ratings.

In this paper, a charge equalization converter with parallel-connected primary windings of transformers is proposed. The proposed work effectively balances the voltage among Lithium-Ion battery cells despite each battery cell has low voltage gap compared with its state of charge (SOC). The principle of the proposed work is that the equalizing energy from all battery strings moves to the lowest voltage battery through the isolated dc/dc converter controlled by the corresponding solid state relay switch. For this research a prototype of four Lithium-Ion battery cells is optimally designed and implemented, and experimental results show that the proposed method has excellent cell balancing performance.

This paper describes a SVPWM overmodulation scheme of NPC type three-level inverter for traction drives which extends the modulation index from MI=0.907 to unity. SVPWM strategy is organized by two operation modes of under-modulation and over-modulation. The switching states under the under-modulation modes are determined by dividing them with two linear regions and one hybrid region the same as the conventional three-level inverter. On the other hand, under the over-modulation mode, they are generated by doing it with two over-modulation regions the same as the conventional over-modulation strategy of a two level inverter. Following the description of over-modulation scheme of a three-level inverter, the system description of a vector controlled induction motor for traction drives has been discussed. Finally, the validity of the proposed modulation algorithm has been verified through simulation and experimental results.

The hydraulic-oil pump is widely used for building machinery, brake systems of vehicles and automatic control systems due to its high dynamic force and smooth linear force control performance. This paper presents a novel direct instantaneous pressure control of the hydraulic pump system with SRM drive. The proposed hydraulic pump system embeds the pressure controller and direct instantaneous torque controller. Due to the proportional relationship between pump pressure and torque, pressure can be controlled by the motor torque directly. The proposed direct torque controller can reduce inherent torque ripple of SRM, and develop a smooth torque, which can increase the stability of the hydraulic pump. The proposed hydraulic pump system has also fast step response and load response. The proposed hydraulic pump system is verified by computer simulation and experimental results.

In this paper, the initial pole-position estimation of a surface (non-salient) permanent magnet synchronous motor is mathematically analyzed and surveyed on the basis of simulation analysis, and developed for accurate servo motor drive. This algorithm is well carried out under the full closed-loop position control without any pole sensors and is completely insensitive to any motor parameters. This estimation is based on the principle that the initial pole-position is simply calculated by the reverse trigonometric function using the two feedback currents in the full closed-loop position control. The proposed algorithm consists of the predefined reference position profile, the information of feedback currents, speed, and relative position, and the reverse trigonometric function for the initial-pole position estimation. Comparing with the existing researches, the mathematical analysis is introduced to get a more accurate initial pole-position of the surface permanent magnet motor under the closed-loop position control. It is found that the proposed algorithm can be easily applied in servo drive applications because it satisfies the following user's specifications; accuracy and moving distance.

This paper proposes an autonomous decentralized control for a parallel connected uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system based on a fast power detection method using a FPGA based hardware controller for a single phase system. Each UPS unit detects only its output voltage and current without communications signal exchange and a quasi dq transformation method is applied to detect the phase and amplitude of the output voltage and the output current for the single phase system. Fast power detection can be achieved based on a quasi dq transformation, which results in a realization of very fast transient response under rapid load change. In the proposed method, the entire control system is implemented in one FPGA chip. Complicated calculations are assigned to hardware calculation logic, and the parallel processing circuit makes it possible to realize minimized calculation time. Also, an Nios II CPU core is implemented in the same FPGA chip, and the software can be applied for non-time critical calculations. Applying this control system, an autonomous decentralized UPS system with very fast transient response is realized. Feasibility and stable operation are confirmed by means of an experimental setup with three UPSs connected in parallel. Also, rapid load change is applied and excellent performance of the system is confirmed in terms of transient response and stability.