Technical information: (202) 691-6378 USDL 04-719
http://www.bls.gov/cps/
For release: 10:00 A.M. EDT
Media contact: 691-5902 Tuesday, April 20, 2004
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES IN 2003
In 2003, 8.1 percent of families had an unemployed member, an increase
of 0.3 percentage point from the prior year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics
of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. This was the third consecu-
tive year this measure rose; in 2000, the proportion of families with an
unemployed member was 5.7 percent. Of the nation's 75.3 million families,
82.0 percent had at least one employed member in 2003, down by 0.4 percentage
point from 2002.
These data on employment, unemployment, and family relationships are
collected as part of the Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly sample
survey of approximately 60,000 households nationwide. Families include
married-couple families, as well as those maintained by a man or a woman
with no spouse present. For further information on the CPS, see the
Technical Note.
Families and Unemployment
In an average week in 2003, 6.1 million families had at least one unem-
ployed member, up from 5.8 million families the year before. The proportion
of black families with an unemployed member (13.7 percent) was higher than
the proportion of white families (7.1 percent), Asian families (9.4 percent),
and Hispanic families (11.1 percent). (See table 1.)
Of the 6.1 million families with at least one unemployed member, 70.5 per-
cent also had an employed family member. Asian families with unemployment
were most likely to have at least one member employed (82.7 percent),
followed by white families (73.6 percent), Hispanic families (70.1 percent),
and black families (57.3 percent). The percentage of black families with
unemployment and at least one employed member fell by 2.0 percentage points
in 2003; the declines for white and Hispanic families were smaller.
(See table 1.)
Among married-couple families with unemployed members, 81.5 percent had
at least one employed member in 2003, down by 0.6 percentage point from
the prior year. There was little over-the-year change in the proportion of
families maintained by women that had unemployment and also included an
employed member (47.8 percent in 2003). Among families maintained by men,
in contrast, the proportion rose by 2.1 percentage points to 60.8 percent.
(See table 3.)
Families and Employment
In 2003, 82.0 percent of families had at least one employed member.
Among Asian families, 89.1 percent had at least one employed member, as
did 86.1 percent of Hispanic families and 82.3 percent of white families.
Black families were the least likely to contain an employed member
(77.9 percent). The proportion of such black families was 1.1 percentage
points below the prior year's level. (See table 1.)
- 2 -
Among married-couple families, 83.3 percent had an employed member in
2003, down by 0.2 percentage point from 2002. This proportion has declined
each year since 1999. Both the husband and wife worked in 50.9 percent of
married-couple families in 2003. This proportion has declined since 1997,
when it was 53.4 percent. The proportion of married-couple families in
which only the wife worked rose for the third straight year, to 6.8 percent
in 2003. The proportion in which only the husband worked was about unchanged
over the year at 20 percent; however, this statistic has risen by 0.8 per-
centage point since 2000. (See table 2.)
Families with Children
There were 35.4 million families with children under age 18 in 2003.
Of these, 90.3 percent had at least one parent employed, down from 90.7
percent in 2002. All of the decline was among single-parent families.
Nearly 97 percent of married-couple families with children had at least
one parent who was employed in 2003, the same as a year earlier. Both
parents were employed in 60.7 percent of two-parent families, down by 0.6
percentage point from the year before. In 30.5 percent of two-parent
families, only the father was employed, and, in 5.5 percent, only the mother
worked. Both proportions edged up over the year and were at their highest
levels since the two series began in 1994. (See table 4.)
In 2003, the mother was employed in 71.9 percent of single-parent families
maintained by women, while the father was employed in 83.3 percent of single-
parent families maintained by men. Both proportions were lower than in the
prior year. (See table 4.)
Mothers
The labor force participation rate for mothers with children under age
18 was 71.1 percent in 2003, down by 0.7 percentage point from the prior
year. The participation rate for married mothers declined by 0.4 percentage
point to 68.6 percent, while that for unmarried mothers--those who were never
married, widowed, divorced, or separated--fell by 1.2 percentage points to
77.7 percent. (See table 5.)
The labor force participation rate for mothers of children younger than
a year old fell by 2.4 percentage points to 53.7 percent in 2003. This
rate has fallen almost every year since 1998, when it was 57.9 percent.
For married mothers with children under age 1, the participation rate
continued its downward trend, falling by 1.8 percentage points in 2003 to
52.9 percent. The participation rate for unmarried mothers with children
under age 1 fell by 4.7 percentage points to 56.2 percent. (See table 6.)
The unemployment rate for unmarried mothers with children under age 18
rose to 10.2 percent in 2003, from 9.5 percent in 2002. There was little
change in the jobless rate for married mothers, at 4.0 percent in 2003.
(See table 5.)
The jobless rate of unmarried mothers of children under age 1 rose from
19.6 percent in 2002 to 20.5 percent in 2003. In contrast, the unemployment
rate for married mothers of children under age 1 fell from 6.0 percent to
5.1 percent. (See table 6.)
Technical Note
The estimates in this release are based on annual average data from the
Current Population Survey (CPS), a national sample survey of about 60,000
households conducted monthly for the Bureau of Labor Statistics by the U.S.
Census Bureau. The information relates to the labor force status of persons
16 years old and over in the civilian noninstitutional population during an
"average" week of the year.
The data for 2003 presented in this release reflect revised CPS popula-
tion controls introduced in January 2003 and are not strictly comparable with
data for 2002 and earlier years. For a discussion of the revised population
controls and the impact that their introduction had on CPS data, see "Revi-
sions to the Current Population Survey Effective in January 2003" in the
February 2003 issue of Employment and Earnings and available at
http://www.bls.gov/cps/rvcps03.pdf on the BLS Web site.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request: Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone number: 1-800-877-8339.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the CPS are subject to both sampling and nonsampling
error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there
is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population
values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies de-
pending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured
by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance,
or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because
of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent
level of confidence.
The CPS data also are affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling error
can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of
the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the
sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct
information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data.
For a full discussion of the reliability of data from the CPS and
information on estimating standard errors, see the "Explanatory Notes
and Estimates of Error" section of Employment and Earnings.
Definitions
The principal definitions used in this release are described below.
Family. A family is a group of two or more persons residing together
who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. The count of families is
for "primary" families only, that is, the householder and all other persons
related to and residing with the householder. Families are classified
either as married-couple families or as families maintained by women or men
without spouses.
Householder. The householder is the family reference person. This is
the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned
or rented. The relationship of other individuals in the household is defined
in terms of relationship to the householder. The race or ethnicity of the
family is determined by that of the householder.
Married, spouse present; other marital status. These terms denote the
marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse
present, refers to husbands and wives living together in the same
household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, on
vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, or for other reasons. Other marital
status includes persons who are never-married; married, spouse absent;
widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent relates to persons who are
separated due to marital problems, as well as husbands and wives who are
living apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty with
the Armed Forces, or any other reasons.
Children. Data on children refer to own children and include sons,
daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children, of the husband, wife, or
person maintaining the family. Not included are nieces, nephews, grand-
children, other related children, and all unrelated children living in
the household.
Employed. Employed persons are (a) all those who, during the survey
reference week, did any work at all as paid employees, worked in their own
business, profession, or on their own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more
as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise; and (b) all those who
did not work but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily
absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation, child-care problems, labor
disputes, or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time
off and whether or not they were seeking other jobs.
Unemployed. The unemployed are persons who had no employment during the
reference week, were available for work at that time, and had made specific
efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with
the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from
which they had been laid off need not be looking for work to be classified
as unemployed.
Civilian labor force. The civilian labor force comprises all persons
classified as employed or unemployed.
Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a
percent of the civilian labor force.
Labor force participation rate. The labor force participation rate is
the labor force as a percent of the population.
Table 1. Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic or Latino
ethnicity, 2002-03 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Characteristic 2002 2003
TOTAL
Total families................................................... 74,169 75,301
With employed member(s)...................................... 61,121 61,761
As percent of total families........................... 82.4 82.0
Some usually work full time (1)..................... 56,742 57,229
With no employed member...................................... 13,048 13,540
As percent of total families........................... 17.6 18.0
With unemployed member(s).................................... 5,809 6,079
As percent of total families........................... 7.8 8.1
Some member(s) employed.................................... 4,126 4,285
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).... 71.0 70.5
Some usually work full time (1).......................... 3,668 3,790
As percent of families with unemployed member(s). 63.1 62.3
White (2)
Total families................................................... 61,494 61,995
With employed member(s)...................................... 50,785 51,002
As percent of total families........................... 82.6 82.3
Some usually work full time (1)..................... 47,193 47,356
With no employed member...................................... 10,709 10,993
As percent of total families........................... 17.4 17.7
With unemployed member(s).................................... 4,275 4,411
As percent of total families........................... 7.0 7.1
Some member(s) employed.................................... 3,164 3,245
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).... 74.0 73.6
Some usually work full time (1).......................... 2,808 2,873
As percent of families with unemployed member(s). 65.7 65.1
Black or African American (2)
Total families................................................... 8,845 8,869
With employed member(s)...................................... 6,987 6,906
As percent of total families........................... 79.0 77.9
Some usually work full time (1)..................... 6,390 6,270
With no employed member...................................... 1,858 1,963
As percent of total families........................... 21.0 22.1
With unemployed member(s).................................... 1,162 1,213
As percent of total families........................... 13.1 13.7
Some member(s) employed.................................... 689 695
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).... 59.3 57.3
Some usually work full time (1).......................... 611 612
As percent of families with unemployed member(s). 52.6 50.5
Asian (2)
Total families................................................... 3,032 2,880
With employed member(s)...................................... 2,707 2,566
As percent of total families........................... 89.3 89.1
Some usually work full time (1)..................... 2,562 2,424
With no employed member...................................... 325 315
As percent of total families........................... 10.7 10.9
With unemployed member(s).................................... 272 271
As percent of total families........................... 9.0 9.4
Some member(s) employed.................................... 213 224
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).... 78.3 82.7
Some usually work full time (1).......................... 194 197
As percent of families with unemployed member(s). 71.3 72.7
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity
Total families................................................... 8,650 9,185
With employed member(s)...................................... 7,485 7,907
As percent of total families........................... 86.5 86.1
Some usually work full time (1)..................... 6,989 7,383
With no employed member...................................... 1,165 1,277
As percent of total families........................... 13.5 13.9
With unemployed member(s).................................... 965 1,020
As percent of total families........................... 11.2 11.1
Some member(s) employed.................................... 686 715
As percent of families with unemployed member(s).... 71.1 70.1
Some usually work full time (1).......................... 615 640
As percent of families with unemployed member(s). 63.7 62.7
1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
2 Beginning in 2003, families where the householder selected this race group only;
families where the householder selected more than one race group are excluded. Prior
to 2003, families where the householder selected more than one race group were
included in the group that the householder identified as their main race. Also
beginning in 2003, data for Asians exclude Pacific Islanders.
NOTE: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the
householder. Estimates for the above race groups (white, black or African American,
and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In
addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any
race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Detail may not
sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used
in the Current Population Survey.
Table 2. Families by presence and relationship of employed members and family type,
2002-03 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Number Percent
distribution
Characteristic
2002 2003 2002 2003
MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES
Total........................................................ 56,280 57,074 100.0 100.0
Member(s) employed, total........................................ 46,976 47,535 83.5 83.3
Husband only................................................... 11,174 11,403 19.9 20.0
Wife only...................................................... 3,613 3,863 6.4 6.8
Husband and wife............................................... 28,873 29,077 51.3 50.9
Other employment combinations.................................. 3,317 3,193 5.9 5.6
No member(s) employed............................................ 9,303 9,539 16.5 16.7
FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN (1)
Total........................................................ 13,215 13,450 100.0 100.0
Members(s) employed, total....................................... 10,169 10,187 77.0 75.7
Householder only............................................... 5,944 5,987 45.0 44.5
Householder and other member(s)................................ 2,559 2,539 19.4 18.9
Other member(s), not householder............................... 1,666 1,660 12.6 12.3
No member(s) employed............................................ 3,047 3,263 23.1 24.3
FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN (1)
Total........................................................ 4,674 4,777 100.0 100.0
Members(s) employed, total....................................... 3,976 4,039 85.1 84.6
Householder only............................................... 1,939 1,954 41.5 40.9
Householder and other member(s)................................ 1,440 1,427 30.8 29.9
Other member(s), not householder............................... 598 658 12.8 13.8
No member(s) employed............................................ 698 739 14.9 15.5
1 No spouse present.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised
population controls used in the Current Population Survey.
Table 3. Unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members and family
type, 2002-03 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Number Percent
distribution
Characteristic
2002 2003 2002 2003
MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES
With unemployed member(s), total................................. 3,772 3,857 100.0 100.0
No member employed............................................. 676 713 17.9 18.5
Some member(s) employed........................................ 3,096 3,144 82.1 81.5
Husband unemployed........................................... 1,523 1,600 40.4 41.5
Wife employed.............................................. 993 1,023 26.3 26.5
Wife unemployed.............................................. 1,117 1,129 29.6 29.3
Husband employed........................................... 969 991 25.7 25.7
Other family member unemployed............................... 1,133 1,129 30.0 29.3
FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN (1)
With unemployed member(s), total................................. 1,504 1,612 100.0 100.0
No member employed............................................. 787 842 52.3 52.2
Some member(s) employed........................................ 717 770 47.7 47.8
Householder unemployed....................................... 737 791 49.0 49.1
Other member(s) employed................................... 147 162 9.8 10.0
Other member(s) unemployed................................... 767 821 51.0 50.9
FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN (1)
With unemployed member(s), total................................. 533 610 100.0 100.0
No member employed............................................. 220 239 41.3 39.2
Some member(s) employed........................................ 313 371 58.7 60.8
Householder unemployed....................................... 303 340 56.8 55.7
Other member(s) employed................................... 129 158 24.2 25.9
Other member(s) unemployed................................... 230 270 43.2 44.3
1 No spouse present.
NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised
population controls used in the Current Population Survey.
Table 4. Families with own children: Employment status of parents by age of youngest child and
family type, 2002-03 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Number Percent
distribution
Characteristic
2002 2003 2002 2003
WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS
Total........................................................ 35,240 35,428 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed............................................. 31,955 32,002 90.7 90.3
No parent employed............................................. 3,285 3,426 9.3 9.7
Married-couple families........................................ 25,191 25,383 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed........................................... 24,372 24,553 96.7 96.7
Mother employed............................................ 16,773 16,820 66.6 66.3
Both parents employed.................................... 15,439 15,420 61.3 60.7
Mother employed, not father.............................. 1,334 1,400 5.3 5.5
Father employed, not mother................................ 7,599 7,733 30.2 30.5
Neither parent employed...................................... 819 830 3.3 3.3
Families maintained by women (1)............................... 8,053 8,069 100.0 100.0
Mother employed.............................................. 5,910 5,804 73.4 71.9
Mother not employed.......................................... 2,143 2,265 26.6 28.1
Families maintained by men (1)................................. 1,995 1,975 100.0 100.0
Father employed.............................................. 1,673 1,645 83.9 83.3
Father not employed.......................................... 323 331 16.2 16.8
WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS,
NONE YOUNGER
Total........................................................ 20,042 20,125 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed............................................. 18,313 18,309 91.4 91.0
No parent employed............................................. 1,728 1,814 8.6 9.0
Married-couple families........................................ 13,891 13,917 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed........................................... 13,459 13,473 96.9 96.8
Mother employed............................................ 10,230 10,214 73.6 73.4
Both parents employed.................................... 9,386 9,323 67.6 67.0
Mother employed, not father.............................. 844 890 6.1 6.4
Father employed, not mother................................ 3,229 3,261 23.2 23.4
Neither parent employed...................................... 432 443 3.1 3.2
Families maintained by women (1)............................... 4,959 5,009 100.0 100.0
Mother employed.............................................. 3,856 3,851 77.8 76.9
Mother not employed.......................................... 1,102 1,157 22.2 23.1
Families maintained by men (1)................................. 1,193 1,199 100.0 100.0
Father employed.............................................. 998 985 83.7 82.2
Father not employed.......................................... 194 214 16.3 17.8
WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS
Total........................................................ 15,197 15,302 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed............................................. 13,641 13,692 89.8 89.5
No parent employed............................................. 1,557 1,608 10.2 10.5
Married-couple families........................................ 11,300 11,466 100.0 100.0
Parent(s) employed........................................... 10,913 11,080 96.6 96.6
Mother employed............................................ 6,543 6,607 57.9 57.6
Both parents employed.................................... 6,053 6,097 53.6 53.2
Mother employed, not father.............................. 490 510 4.3 4.4
Father employed, not mother................................ 4,370 4,474 38.7 39.0
Neither parent employed...................................... 388 385 3.4 3.4
Families maintained by women (1)............................... 3,094 3,061 100.0 100.0
Mother employed.............................................. 2,054 1,953 66.4 63.8
Mother not employed.......................................... 1,040 1,107 33.6 36.2
Families maintained by men (1)................................. 803 776 100.0 100.0
Father employed.............................................. 674 659 83.9 84.9
Father not employed.......................................... 129 116 16.1 14.9
1 No spouse present.
NOTE: Own children include sons, daughters, step-children, and adopted children. Not
included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail
may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in
the Current Population Survey.
Table 5. Employment status of the population by sex, marital status, and presence and age of own
children under 18, 2002-03 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
2002 2003
Characteristic
Total Men Women Total Men Women
WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS
Civilian noninstitutional
population......................... 64,399 28,137 36,263 64,932 28,402 36,530
Civilian labor force................ 52,566 26,529 26,036 52,727 26,739 25,988
Participation rate.............. 81.6 94.3 71.8 81.2 94.1 71.1
Employed.......................... 50,022 25,474 24,549 50,103 25,638 24,466
Employment-population ratio... 77.7 90.5 67.7 77.2 90.3 67.0
Full-time workers (1)........... 42,884 24,644 18,240 42,880 24,762 18,118
Part-time workers (2)........... 7,138 829 6,308 7,223 876 6,347
Unemployed........................ 2,543 1,056 1,488 2,624 1,101 1,523
Unemployment rate............... 4.8 4.0 5.7 5.0 4.1 5.9
Married, spouse present
Civilian noninstitutional
population......................... 51,947 25,781 26,166 52,476 26,049 26,427
Civilian labor force................ 42,492 24,425 18,067 42,776 24,638 18,138
Participation rate.............. 81.8 94.7 69.0 81.5 94.6 68.6
Employed.......................... 40,867 23,533 17,334 41,128 23,712 17,416
Employment-population ratio... 78.7 91.3 66.2 78.4 91.0 65.9
Full-time workers (1)........... 35,180 22,825 12,356 35,315 22,954 12,360
Part-time workers (2)........... 5,687 708 4,979 5,813 757 5,056
Unemployed........................ 1,625 893 733 1,648 926 722
Unemployment rate............... 3.8 3.7 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.0
Other marital status (3)
Civilian noninstitutional
population......................... 12,452 2,355 10,096 12,455 2,354 10,102
Civilian labor force................ 10,073 2,103 7,970 9,950 2,100 7,850
Participation rate.............. 80.9 89.3 78.9 79.9 89.2 77.7
Employed.......................... 9,155 1,941 7,215 8,975 1,926 7,050
Emplomment-population ratio... 73.5 82.4 71.5 72.1 81.8 69.8
Full-time workers (1)........... 7,704 1,820 5,885 7,566 1,807 5,759
Part-time workers (2)........... 1,451 122 1,329 1,411 118 1,291
Unemployed........................ 918 163 755 976 175 800
Unemployment rate............... 9.1 7.8 9.5 9.8 8.3 10.2
WITH OWN CHILDREN 6 TO 17 YEARS,
NONE YOUNGER
Civilian noninstitutional
population......................... 35,829 15,580 20,250 35,943 15,653 20,290
Civilian labor force................ 30,371 14,541 15,830 30,362 14,572 15,790
Participation rate.............. 84.8 93.3 78.2 84.5 93.1 77.8
Employed.......................... 29,122 14,023 15,099 29,040 14,008 15,032
Employment-population ratio... 81.3 90.0 74.6 80.8 89.5 74.1
Full-time workers (1)........... 25,225 13,586 11,638 25,116 13,558 11,557
Part-time workers (2)........... 3,898 437 3,461 3,925 450 3,475
Unemployed........................ 1,249 518 731 1,322 564 758
Unemployment rate............... 4.1 3.6 4.6 4.4 3.9 4.8
WITH OWN CHILDREN UNDER 6 YEARS
Civilian noninstitutional
population......................... 28,570 12,557 16,013 28,988 12,749 16,240
Civilian labor force................ 22,194 11,988 10,206 22,365 12,167 10,198
Participation rate.............. 77.7 95.5 63.7 77.2 95.4 62.8
Employed.......................... 20,900 11,450 9,450 21,063 11,630 9,433
Employment-population ratio... 73.2 91.2 59.0 72.7 91.2 58.1
Full-time workers (1)........... 17,660 11,058 6,602 17,764 11,203 6,561
Part-time workers (2)........... 3,240 392 2,848 3,299 426 2,872
Unemployed........................ 1,294 538 757 1,302 538 765
Unemployment rate............... 5.8 4.5 7.4 5.8 4.4 7.5
WITH NO OWN CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS
Civilian noninstitutional
population......................... 151,715 74,993 76,722 154,714 76,510 78,204
Civilian labor force................ 90,971 49,644 41,327 92,319 50,036 42,284
Participation rate.............. 60.0 66.2 53.9 59.7 65.4 54.1
Employed.......................... 85,187 46,154 39,034 86,233 46,294 39,939
Employment-population ratio... 56.1 61.5 50.9 55.7 60.5 51.1
Full-time workers (1)........... 68,574 39,319 29,254 69,073 39,245 29,827
Part-time workers (2)........... 16,614 6,834 9,779 17,160 7,049 10,111
Unemployed........................ 5,784 3,491 2,293 6,087 3,741 2,345
Unemployment rate............... 6.4 7.0 5.5 6.6 7.5 5.5
1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 4.
Table 6. Employment status of mothers with own children under 3 years old by single year of age of youngest child and marital status,
2002-03 annual averages
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian Employed Unemployed
Characteristic noninstitu- Percent
tional of
population Total popula- Percent Full-time Part-time Percent
tion Total of workers workers Number of labor
popula- (1) (2) force
tion
2002
TOTAL MOTHERS
With own children under 3 years old...... 9,350 5,632 60.2 5,181 55.4 3,513 1,667 451 8.0
2 years................................ 2,949 1,895 64.3 1,758 59.6 1,234 524 137 7.2
1 year................................. 3,310 2,003 60.5 1,852 56.0 1,241 610 151 7.5
Under 1 year........................... 3,091 1,734 56.1 1,571 50.8 1,038 533 163 9.4
Married, spouse present
With own children under 3 years old...... 7,073 4,071 57.6 3,869 54.7 2,572 1,297 203 5.0
2 years................................ 2,201 1,333 60.6 1,274 57.9 870 404 59 4.4
1 year................................. 2,509 1,446 57.6 1,379 55.0 902 477 67 4.6
Under 1 year........................... 2,363 1,292 54.7 1,216 51.5 800 416 77 6.0
Other marital status (3)
With own children under 3 years old...... 2,278 1,562 68.6 1,313 57.6 941 372 248 15.9
2 years................................ 748 562 75.1 484 64.7 364 120 77 13.7
1 year................................. 802 557 69.5 473 59.0 340 134 84 15.1
Under 1 year........................... 728 443 60.9 356 48.9 237 118 87 19.6
2003
TOTAL MOTHERS
With own children under 3 years old...... 9,450 5,563 58.9 5,115 54.1 3,430 1,685 446 8.0
2 years................................ 2,987 1,896 63.5 1,752 58.7 1,205 547 143 7.5
1 year................................. 3,353 1,997 59.6 1,842 54.9 1,223 619 154 7.7
Under 1 year........................... 3,110 1,670 53.7 1,521 48.9 1,002 519 149 8.9
Married, spouse present
With own children under 3 years old...... 7,165 4,068 56.8 3,872 54.0 2,529 1,342 197 4.8
2 years................................ 2,243 1,350 60.2 1,281 57.1 853 428 69 5.1
1 year................................. 2,541 1,458 57.4 1,395 54.9 906 488 64 4.4
Under 1 year........................... 2,381 1,260 52.9 1,196 50.2 770 426 64 5.1
Other marital status (3)
With own children under 3 years old...... 2,287 1,495 65.4 1,244 54.4 902 341 250 16.7
2 years................................ 744 546 73.4 471 63.3 352 118 75 13.7
1 year................................. 813 539 66.3 448 55.1 317 131 91 16.9
Under 1 year........................... 730 410 56.2 325 44.5 233 92 84 20.5
1 Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs.
2 Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs.
3 Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed persons.
NOTE: See NOTE, table 4.