Individual Effective Tax Rates in the United States

Executive Summary The federal, state, and local governments of the United States impose a wide variety o f taxes on the American people, including taxes on individual incomes, corporate incomes, payrolls, sales, estates, and properties, as well as other miscellaneous taxes, fees, and charges. Accounting for all taxes on the federal and state/local levels, the average taxpayer’s effective average tax rate increases as his income increases, producing what is known as a “progressive” tax structure.

In many cases, effective average tax rates differ substantially from statutory tax rates. Statutory tax rates refer to the rates established in tax law. For example, the state of Mississippi imposes a statutory sales tax rate of 7 percent. For a single taxpayer in 1993, the federal government imposed a statutory marginal income tax rate of 15 percent on each additional (“marginal”) dollar earned by the taxpayer up to an income of $22,100; 28 percent on the marginal income between $22,100 and $53,500 ; and so on for the other statutory rates of 31, 36, and 39.6 percent.

Effective average tax rates, by contrast, represent the actual tax burden of a taxpayer (whether on a single type of tax or on al l taxes combined) divided by that taxpayer’s total income.

Marriage Penalties and Bonuses under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

Lower Social Security Benefits under Governor Cuomo’s Plan

Help us achieve our vision of a world where the tax code doesn't stand in the way of success.

The Tax Foundation is the nation’s leading independent tax policy research organization. Since 1937, our principled research, insightful analysis, and engaged experts have informed smarter tax policy at the federal, state, and local levels. We improve lives through tax policy research and education that leads to greater economic growth and opportunity.