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Acts as a receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), indian hedgehog (IHH) and desert hedgehog (DHH). Associates with the smoothened protein (SMO) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Seems to have a tumor suppressor function, as inactivation of this protein is probably a necessary, if not sufficient step for tumorigenesis.

Tissue specificity

In the adult, expressed in brain, lung, liver, heart, placenta, skeletal muscle, pancreas and kidney. Expressed in tumor cells but not in normal skin.

Involvement in disease

Defects in PTCH1 are probably the cause of basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS) [MIM:109400]; also known as Gorlin syndrome or Gorlin-Goltz syndrome. BCNS is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by nevoid basal cell carcinomas (NBCCS) and developmental abnormalities such as rib and craniofacial alterations, polydactyly, syndactyly, and spina bifida. In addition, the patients suffer from a multitude of tumors like basal cell carcinomas (BCC), fibromas of the ovaries and heart, cysts of the skin, jaws and mesentery, as well as medulloblastomas and meningiomas. PTCH1 is also mutated in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Could also be associated with large body size observed in BCNS patients.Defects in PTCH1 are a cause of sporadic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) [MIM:605462].Defects in PTCH1 are the cause of holoprosencephaly type 7 (HPE7) [MIM:610828]. Holoprosencephaly (HPE) [MIM:236100] is the most common structural anomaly of the brain, in which the developing forebrain fails to correctly separate into right and left hemispheres. Holoprosencephaly is genetically heterogeneous and associated with several distinct facies and phenotypic variability.

Sequence similarities

Belongs to the patched family.Contains 1 SSD (sterol-sensing) domain.

Developmental stage

In the embryo, found in all major target tissues of sonic hedgehog, such as the ventral neural tube, somites, and tissues surrounding the zone of polarizing activity of the limb bud.