It covers energy use for space heating, water heating, ventilation and lighting calculated on the basis of standard occupancy.

A BER is similar to the energy label for a household electrical appliance like your fridge. The label has a scale of A-G. A-rated homes are the most energy efficient and will tend to have the lowest energy bills, and a G rated home being the least efficient.

As of the 1st January, 2009 all homes being sold or rented must have a BER Certificate. Anyone buying or renting a house or apartment is entitled to a BER.