A larger softener is not a problem for a regular household application. I would recommend sizing it to regenerate at least every 15 days, anything beyond that is not a problem, just not necessary.

The debate about drinking softened water is extremely complex, but for the most part, you will be fine unless you are on an extremely sodium restricted diet, or if your water is very hard. (over 50 grains). The WHO recommends against drinking softened water but that is more for third world country issues of health due to the lack of nutrition in the diet more so then the concerns for drinking water with slightly elevated levels of sodium. Calcium and magnesium deficiencies are common in some countries, even the trace amounts found in water can be beneficial when the body rarely sees other sources.

For residential applications in "normal" size houses, try to keep the softener tank size 14" or less in diameter due to lower flow channelling issues.

is it ok to drink the water from a properly functioning softener ?
thanx

Click to expand...

Dittohead pretty much said it all. When you say "bigger than needed" what are you talking about? Can you give any details on the equipment, its age (used?), water conditions, number of people using water? etc. If new, why is this part of your decision making process?

here is my situation :
i just bought "this old house" just outside of the "chicago water" that i have lived with all my life.
it is just me & wife = 2 showers a day and a few loads of laundry and the usual little water usage things.
i have yet to have a water test done, but my new "city water" told us the water is "very very hard" (they may just be saying that to CTA) and about 30-40 parts per millions (never heard of it put this way). to me being used to chicago water, my new water does not seem bad at all = very little smell/taste and no rust that i can see = and i have been looking. the dish rack has a little white stuff on it, and soap does not work as well.
we are not on a sodium restricted diet. and i want to get my new LG fridge water working for ice and water.

a friend of ours, down the street, has a 38k unit and says it works fine. i am thinking a fleck 48k or 64k unit. thinking that a larger unit will be more efficient and reliable. and perhaps another adult in the house.

here is my situation :
i just bought "this old house" just outside of the "chicago water" that i have lived with all my life.
it is just me & wife = 2 showers a day and a few loads of laundry and the usual little water usage things.
i have yet to have a water test done, but my new "city water" told us the water is "very very hard" (they may just be saying that to CTA) and about 30-40 parts per millions (never heard of it put this way). to me being used to chicago water, my new water does not seem bad at all = very little smell/taste and no rust that i can see = and i have been looking. the dish rack has a little white stuff on it, and soap does not work as well.
we are not on a sodium restricted diet. and i want to get my new LG fridge water working for ice and water.

a friend of ours, down the street, has a 38k unit and says it works fine. i am thinking a fleck 48k or 64k unit. thinking that a larger unit will be more efficient and reliable. and perhaps another adult in the house.

Click to expand...

You size a softener based on the peak demand gpm flow rate you are going to have the softener treat. Then you adjust the salt dose used per regeneration to create the K of capacity your hardness etc. and the gallons used per day by the family,

Resin manufacturers suggest that residential softeners be regenerated about every 7 days.

To learn how to correctly size a softener click the link in my signature.

Regenerating resin weekly is not important. If you consider commercial exchange tank softeners, we size them for monthly deliveries, so the resin is only regenerated every 30-40 days maximum. A larger system will be more efficient, so long as you do not completely oversize the unit so that channeling becomes an issue. The sizes you are asking about are common, regular size units that should serve you very well. You should buy a decent water hardness test kit if you plan on doing this project yourself. The HACH 5B is a fairly inexpensive, highly accurate test kit.

As a fellow home owner, not a pro installer/seller as the gentlemen above, let me throw this in for ya...

Soft water feels better in the shower, it's better for your (at least metal) pipes, boilers, and water heater. It allows soap to lather more. It is better for your hair and skin (possibly, depends on the individual).

It does not (IMHO) taste better, unless you have weird water issues. In my case, it was about 8-10 gpg of hardness with little to no iron. And it tastes much better hard than soft.

The way a softener works is by exchanging one ion of "hard stuff" (typically calcium/magnesium) for one ion of "soft stuff" (sodium). Therefore, the size of your system needs to be based on how many grains per gallon per day that you are trying to exchange. The softener will soften the water as long as there is sodium that is free to leave the resin and allow sodium to bind to the resin.

So if you buy too small of a system, you will need to regenerate more often to ensure water is soft. Say you but a 20,000K system, but with your usage and hardness, you require 20,000 grains per day to keep it soft... you will have to regenerate every day, and will be very inefficient. It seems conventional wisdom is to size a system to your hardness and water usage to regenerate about 7-8 days, but as Dittohead mentions, going 15 days is not an issue. If you use all the grains of sodium in the resin tank, then you will have increasingly hard water until you reach your raw hardness level (until you regenerate again).

Too large, and you can go longer, but you may be wasting sodium. Let's say you buy a 64K system, but only soften 2,000 grains worth of water per day. That means your resin will be able to go 32 minus one day (cuz you typically regenerate the next day at say 2 a.m. cuz you have to use bypassed water while it regenerates), so 31 days. Is that bad? Some will argue both ways. But for argument sake, let's say you decide to regenerate every 15 days... but you had 16 more days worth of sodium in your resin tank. Yet the cycle will use or bypass enough sodium to have regenerated the resin back to about 60,000 (my estimate, the experts can chime in as to the exact number, since any system will never regenerate nor handle as much as it is rated at). So all that brine is passed thru the resin, and flushed out into waste.

It's not like a 64K system will make your water twice as soft as a 32K system. Either system will soften your water until all the grains of sodium are exchanged for the "hard stuff". But a 64K system will require regeneration half as often as a 32K, typically. Whether or not that is EFFICIENT is what you need to decide, and size your system accordingly. There are also things to consider such as how many pounds of salt are being used per regen... 6 lbs, 8, 15.... this too plays into sizing a system. Based on the help from several here, I am buying a 7000SXT system rated at 48K that "should" be able to regen every 15 days to conquer 8gpg of hardness using 6 lbs of salt per regen, and use less than 4 bags of salt per year. Of course, this will vary with actual water usage.

Hope this helps simplify things a bit, it's what I have learned recently thanks to these forums. Great place to learn!

A softener adds a small amount of sodium to the water. I have seen companies use the comparison that the added salt compares to an extra slice of bread daily.\\

If you are on a restricted sodium diet, you should just discuss it carefully with your physician and the softener spec.
You can deal with that by using potassium salt in the unit, or by adding filtration for your drinking water.

As a fellow home owner, not a pro installer/seller as the gentlemen above, let me throw this in for ya...

Soft water feels better in the shower, it's better for your (at least metal) pipes, boilers, and water heater. It allows soap to lather more. It is better for your hair and skin (possibly, depends on the individual).

It does not (IMHO) taste better, unless you have weird water issues. In my case, it was about 8-10 gpg of hardness with little to no iron. And it tastes much better hard than soft.

The way a softener works is by exchanging one ion of "hard stuff" (typically calcium/magnesium) for one ion of "soft stuff" (sodium). Therefore, the size of your system needs to be based on how many grains per gallon per day that you are trying to exchange. The softener will soften the water as long as there is sodium that is free to leave the resin and allow sodium to bind to the resin.

So if you buy too small of a system, you will need to regenerate more often to ensure water is soft. Say you but a 20,000K system, but with your usage and hardness, you require 20,000 grains per day to keep it soft... you will have to regenerate every day, and will be very inefficient. It seems conventional wisdom is to size a system to your hardness and water usage to regenerate about 7-8 days, but as Dittohead mentions, going 15 days is not an issue. If you use all the grains of sodium in the resin tank, then you will have increasingly hard water until you reach your raw hardness level (until you regenerate again).

Too large, and you can go longer, but you may be wasting sodium. Let's say you buy a 64K system, but only soften 2,000 grains worth of water per day. That means your resin will be able to go 32 minus one day (cuz you typically regenerate the next day at say 2 a.m. cuz you have to use bypassed water while it regenerates), so 31 days. Is that bad? Some will argue both ways. But for argument sake, let's say you decide to regenerate every 15 days... but you had 16 more days worth of sodium in your resin tank. Yet the cycle will use or bypass enough sodium to have regenerated the resin back to about 60,000 (my estimate, the experts can chime in as to the exact number, since any system will never regenerate nor handle as much as it is rated at). So all that brine is passed thru the resin, and flushed out into waste.

It's not like a 64K system will make your water twice as soft as a 32K system. Either system will soften your water until all the grains of sodium are exchanged for the "hard stuff". But a 64K system will require regeneration half as often as a 32K, typically. Whether or not that is EFFICIENT is what you need to decide, and size your system accordingly. There are also things to consider such as how many pounds of salt are being used per regen... 6 lbs, 8, 15.... this too plays into sizing a system. Based on the help from several here, I am buying a 7000SXT system rated at 48K that "should" be able to regen every 15 days to conquer 8gpg of hardness using 6 lbs of salt per regen, and use less than 4 bags of salt per year. Of course, this will vary with actual water usage.

Hope this helps simplify things a bit, it's what I have learned recently thanks to these forums. Great place to learn!

Click to expand...

Sorry to say that you have a lot of that incorrect.

The exchange sites on the new fully regenerated (sodium form) resin beads attract the ions being removed based on their electrical charge, positive or negative.

Normally sodium chloride is used to remove those ions from the sites during regeneration of the resin. And 2 ions of sodium are released for each ion that is attracted to a site, not one.

Potassium chloride can be used to regenerate a water softener but, it is not as as efficient and you usually have to use more of it if you are using high efficiency salt settings. Plus it is very expensive if you can find it. There are no potassium form softening resins, all are sodium form. Kinda like using ethanol, it burns but doesn't produce anywhere near the power of gasoline, that the engine was designed to burn.

As to the K of capacity... Every softenr has an adjustable K of capacity. It is dictated by the cuft volume (and type) of resin in the softener and the lbs of salt used per regeneration.

A 48K (1.5 cuft of regular mesh resin) has an operational max K of 45K. To get that you need a salt dose of 15 lbs/cuft; 22.5 lbs total per regeneration. To figure salt efficiency you divide the 45,000 by 22.5; 2000 grains/lb used. If you used 9 lbs (6 lbs per cuft [1.5]) you get much higher efficiency out of the same softener.

Dittohead goes on about exchange tanks going a month between regenerations but doesn't mention the salt dose that resin is regenerated with so that can happen. He'd rather disagree with me.

New resin is fully regenerated when you get it in your new softener, If you use a high salt efficiency, you don't use all that capacity. What is left in the resin/softener is like when you buy fuel for your vehicles, you don't run them out before you buy more, you replace what you've used. You don't do that with resin either so, you leave the unused capacity in the softener. IF you ever overrun the K that you;ve regenerated you don't regenerate that capacity and eventually you will start getting hard water through the softener. Then you must regenerate all the resin sites and to do that you have to do 2 manual regenerations ate 15 lbs per cuft of regular mesh resin or all the sites won't be fully regenerated.

During regeneration the much smaller ions of sodium push the removed hardness and any iron and manganese ions off the site leaving 2 sodium ions in their place. When the softener goes back into Service, those 2 ions are pushed off the site by hardness etc. ions and into the water stream.

Six lbs of salt per cuft of regular mesh resin gets a salt efficiency of 3333 grains per lb; or 20K/cuft, a 1.5 cuft softener, called a 45 or 48K, gets 30K with only 9 lbs of salt. The remaining capacity 45-30=15K is still there. Just like the remaining 1/4 tank of gas when you refill your fuel tank each week etc.. And your right foot controls your fuel efficiency. Zipping from one red light to the next and stopping instead of slowly getting to the next light as it turns green and you fill up more frequently while wearing out your brakes etc..

Exceed the gpm flow rate of the cuft volume of resin in your softener and each time do that you use up some of that 15K mentioned above. Do that frequently and your softener won't be doing much softening until you fully regenerate it twice at 15 lbs/cuft to fully regenerate all the resin sites. That gpm flow rate is the most critical part of correctly sizing a softener but, sad to say, most sales people never mention it.

Things in water give the water a good or bad taste. Good water has no taste. It is said that it takes 21 days to make or break a habit. We like what we grow up with or are familiar with, especially when it comes to the taste of water.

Yes, the resin loosely attracts Na+, and strongly attracts either Ca+2 or Mg+2, so two molecules of Na get swapped for each one of Ca/Mg. I doubt most home owners will dig that deeply into the chemical process as an expert such as you with years of experience in the trade, so I was trying to keep it simple is all. But thank you for clarifying the process.

i did 2 tests & i was very carefull to get the amounts correct.
the first one, the pink was really pink. i thought this was normal and didn't think anything of it.
i didn't know that the bottle should be shaking as the drops are added. so my 37gpg may be a drop or two high in this test.
the 2nd test. the pink was a lot less colorful . and as i added the drops, i was shaking the bottle.
i got a 39gpg.

also. the last few days, the water, while in the shower, has a bit of a taste/smell to it. it hasn't be like this the 2 months i have been here. but, it also has been raining much more than it has been. so "perhaps" that has something to do with it. idk, just sayin.

like i said. 2 adults(for now, perhaps ever) a few loads of wash a week. and the little misc water that goes along.

At this point you've used your local conditions and your water usage to figure out how much softening is required per day. Water softeners are usually sized so that they regenerate about once per week. Why once per week? A once-a-week regeneration strikes a good balance between keeping the resin bed fresh and not exerting excessive wear and tear on the valve. A water softener valve contains moving parts but these parts only move when the softener is regenerating. Regenerating once-a-week also keeps the water consumption low; a water softener uses about 50 gallons when it regenerates.

If we take the Daily Softening Requirement of 3000 grains per day and multiple this by 7 days, we need a softener that can soften 21,000 grains of total hardness in order to regenerate once per week. So what size of water softener offers 21,000 grains of total softening capacity? This is where widespread incorrect information found on the internet and elsewhere can hide the real answer.

A quick look online and in many stores will reveal an abundance of 24,000 / 32,000 / 48,000 / and 64,000 grain capacity water softeners. At first glance it would appear that the 24,000 grain system would be ideal using our example above, where we're looking for 21,000 grains of total softening capacity. Unfortunately the resellers of the 24,000 grain system fail to reveal that it takes 27 pounds of salt to fully regenerate this system to the 24,000 grain level. A more accurate description of the "24,000" system is "0.75 cubic feet". This is the amount of resin this system contains. While it's true that a user can get 24,000 grains of capacity from this amount of resin, it uses a massive amount of salt to accomplish this.

What most dealers call a "32,000" grain system is more accurately described as a "1 cubic foot" system because it contains one cubic foot of softening resin. In order to get 32,000 grains capacity from this system the user would have to use 36 pounds of salt per regeneration! What is very interesting though, is that if you use 6 pounds of salt to regenerate a one cubic foot system, it will yield 20,000 grains of softening capacity. Although the one cubic foot unit will cost a little more than a 0.75 cubic foot unit the savings in salt will make up for this cost difference very quickly. Less salt to purchase, less salt to lug, and less salt discharged to the environment.

High Salt-Efficiency Water Softener Guide

In order to maximize salt efficiency and ultimately save heaps of salt it's important to understand how much softening capacity is yielded by different quantities of resin. Again, these capacities are based on the highest salt efficiencies possible:

0.75 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 15,000 grains capacity

1.0 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 20,000 grains capacity

1.5 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 30,000 grains capacity

2.0 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 40,000 grains capacity

3.0 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 60,000 grains capacity

4.0 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 80,000 grains capacity

The above is copied from Aquatel's web site and saves me a lot of typing so.....2 people x 75 gallons per day x 39gpg and no iron? comes out to 5858 gpg daily which could be done with a 48,000 grain capacity unit but.... I would go with a 64,000 grain capacity and get better salt efficiency. The 75 gallons per day is maybe high, most are using 60 gallons but either way I would still run a 2cu/ft filter

At this point you've used your local conditions and your water usage to figure out how much softening is required per day. Water softeners are usually sized so that they regenerate about once per week. Why once per week? A once-a-week regeneration strikes a good balance between keeping the resin bed fresh and not exerting excessive wear and tear on the valve. A water softener valve contains moving parts but these parts only move when the softener is regenerating. Regenerating once-a-week also keeps the water consumption low; a water softener uses about 50 gallons when it regenerates.

If we take the Daily Softening Requirement of 3000 grains per day and multiple this by 7 days, we need a softener that can soften 21,000 grains of total hardness in order to regenerate once per week. So what size of water softener offers 21,000 grains of total softening capacity? This is where widespread incorrect information found on the internet and elsewhere can hide the real answer.

A quick look online and in many stores will reveal an abundance of 24,000 / 32,000 / 48,000 / and 64,000 grain capacity water softeners. At first glance it would appear that the 24,000 grain system would be ideal using our example above, where we're looking for 21,000 grains of total softening capacity. Unfortunately the resellers of the 24,000 grain system fail to reveal that it takes 27 pounds of salt to fully regenerate this system to the 24,000 grain level. A more accurate description of the "24,000" system is "0.75 cubic feet". This is the amount of resin this system contains. While it's true that a user can get 24,000 grains of capacity from this amount of resin, it uses a massive amount of salt to accomplish this.

What most dealers call a "32,000" grain system is more accurately described as a "1 cubic foot" system because it contains one cubic foot of softening resin. In order to get 32,000 grains capacity from this system the user would have to use 36 pounds of salt per regeneration! What is very interesting though, is that if you use 6 pounds of salt to regenerate a one cubic foot system, it will yield 20,000 grains of softening capacity. Although the one cubic foot unit will cost a little more than a 0.75 cubic foot unit the savings in salt will make up for this cost difference very quickly. Less salt to purchase, less salt to lug, and less salt discharged to the environment.

High Salt-Efficiency Water Softener Guide

In order to maximize salt efficiency and ultimately save heaps of salt it's important to understand how much softening capacity is yielded by different quantities of resin. Again, these capacities are based on the highest salt efficiencies possible:

0.75 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 15,000 grains capacity

1.0 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 20,000 grains capacity

1.5 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 30,000 grains capacity

2.0 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 40,000 grains capacity

3.0 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 60,000 grains capacity

4.0 Cubic Feet of Softener Resin = 80,000 grains capacity

The above is copied from Aquatel's web site and saves me a lot of typing so.....2 people x 75 gallons per day x 39gpg and no iron? comes out to 5858 gpg daily which could be done with a 4,800 grain capacity unit but.... I would go with a 6,400 grain capacity and get better salt efficiency. The 75 gallons per day is maybe high, most are using 60 gallons but either way I would still run a 2cu/ft filter

Click to expand...

It looks like you've never done this type thing before because you've got some very serious errors in that.