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The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be... Topics: Geophysicalal, Profiling, Lateral continuity, Subsurface lithology.

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Various topics relevant to crustal genesis, especially the relationship between Archean low - and high-grade terrains, were discussed. The central Superior Province of the Canadian Shield was studied. Here a 120 km-wide transition from subgreenschist facies rocks of the Michipicoten greenstone belt to granulite facies rocks of the Kapuskasing structural zone represents an oblique cross section through some 20 km of crust, uplifted along a northwest-dipping thrust fault. Topics: LITHOLOGY, ROCKS, TECTONICS, BASEMENTS, CRYSTALLINITY, GEOLOGY

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This paper describes an effort to identify common metrics for task-oriented human-robot interaction (HRI). We begin by discussing the need for a toolkit of HRI metrics. We then describe the framework of our work and identify important biasing factors that must be taken into consideration. Finally, we present suggested common metrics for standardization and a case study. Preparation of a larger, more detailed toolkit is in progress. Topics: HETEROGENEITY, ISOTOPES, MAGMA, ACHONDRITES, LITHOLOGY, MINERALS, COARSENESS, GRAIN SIZE,...

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The hydroxyl radical is known to be one of the most important intermediate species in the combustion processes. The hydroxyl radical has also been considered a dominant oxidizer of soot particles in flames. In this investigation the hydroxyl concentration profiles in sooting diffusion flames were measured by the laser-saturated fluorescence (LSF) method. The temperature distributions in the flames were measured by the two-line LSF technique and by thermocouple. In the sooting region the OH... Topics: CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES, LITHOLOGY, METEORITIC COMPOSITION, MINERALOGY, AGGREGATES, BRECCIA,...

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Methods for including the effects of general race and housing compliance and outer race-to-housing deadband (clearance) in rolling element bearing mechanics analysis is presented. It is shown that these effects can cause significant changes in bearing stiffness characteristics, which are of major importance in rotordynamic response of turbomachinery and other rotating systems. Preloading analysis is demonstrated with the finite element/contact mechanics hybrid method applied to a 45 mm angular... Topics: CLIMATOLOGY, ORGANISMS, PLANKTON, TAXONOMY, EXTINCTION, GEOCHRONOLOGY, SEDIMENTS, VOLCANOLOGY,...

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The reasearch focused on two areas; (a) the dynamics of forced turbulent flows and (b) time filtered Large Eddy Simulations (TLES). The dynamics of turbulent flows arising from external forcing of the turbulence are poorly understood. In particular, here are many unanswered questions relating the basic dynamical balances and the existence or nonexistence of statistical equilibrium of forced turbulent flows. This research used rapid distortion theory and direct numerical simulations to explore... Topics: REMOTE SENSING, PAYLOADS, OUTCROPS, INFRARED SPECTRA, CAMERAS, ROCKS, MINERALOGY, LITHOLOGY,...

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Martian meteorite MIL03346 is described as an augite-rich cumulate rock with approx.80%, approx.3%, and approx.21% modal phase proportions of augite (CPX), olivine and glassy mesostasis, respectively, and is classified as a nakhlite [1]. The Mossbauer spectrum for whole rock (WR) MIL 03346 is unusual for Martian meteorites in that it has a distinct magnetite subspectrum (7% subspectral area) [2]. The meteorite also has products of pre-terrestrial aqueous alteration (''iddingsite'') that is... Topics: CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES, CRYSTALLINITY, LITHOLOGY, MINERALS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, SOLAR NEBULA,...

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The large space structures technology development missions to be performed on an early manned space station was studied and defined and the resources needed and the design implications to an early space station to carry out these large space structures technology development missions were determined. Emphasis is being placed on more detail in mission designs and space station resource requirements. Topics: DEFORMATION, PLATES (TECTONICS), ROCKS, SEDIMENTS, EARTH CRUST, GEOLOGICAL FAULTS, MANITOBA,...

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We studied meteorite sections PCA91179,9; EET92003,14; EET92025,5; EET92026,4; and EET92027,5 t determine lithological variations on the surface of the asteroid 4 Vesta. These are brecciated polymict eucrites. The clasts contained within these samples and the matrix which surrounds them in each sample provide a random sampling of the characteristic compositions found on the surface of asteroid 4 Vesta. Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), VESTA ASTEROID, PETROLOGY, METEORITIC COMPOSITION, LITHOLOGY,...

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The present paper describes the results obtained from a one-dimensional time dependent numerical technique that simulates early flame propagation in a moderate to intense turbulent environment. Attention is focused on the development of a spark-ignited, premixed, lean methane/air mixture with the unsteady spherical flame propagating in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. A Monte-Carlo particle tracking method, based upon the method of fractional steps, is utilized to simulate the phenomena... Topics: CLAYS, SHALES, SLOPES, MONTMORILLONITE, SURFACE PROPERTIES, MINERALOGY, DEBRIS, LITHOLOGY,...

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The work completed includes the analysis of observations obtained during Cycle 7 (March 2002-February 2003) of the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE). The project was part of a longer-term, continuing program to study the X-ray emission process in blazars and radio galaxies in collaboration with Dr. Ian McHardy (U. of Southampton, UK) and Prof. Thomas Balonek (Colgate U.). The goals of the program are to study the X-ray emission mechanism in blazars and radio galaxies and the relation of the... Topics: REMOTE SENSING, LITHOLOGY, MINERALOGY, CORES, DRILLING, BIOASSAY, MINERALS, IDENTIFYING, GROUND...

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The Genesis mission returned to Earth on September 8, 2004, experiencing a non-nominal reentry. The parachutes which were supposed to slow and stabilize the capsule throughout the return failed to deploy, causing the capsule to impact the desert floor at a speed of nearly 200 MPH. The result is that instead of receiving 301 intact solar wind collectors, mission personnel recovered and documented more than 10,000 collector fragments. Most of the fragments were pieces of the collector arrays but... Topics: HEMATITE, MARS SURFACE, ROCKS, GEOCHEMISTRY, REMOTE SENSING, MASS DISTRIBUTION, LITHOLOGY, MARS...

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The shallow unconfined aquifer in the Boise, Idaho area commonly consists of coarse, unconsolidated Quaternary braided-stream deposits (Qal) over unconsolidated late-Tertiary sands with clay or tight silt zone (TGF) forming a local base to the variability of the system is applicable to site investigations, modeling and remediation designs. Topics: DTIC Archive, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DENVER CO, *AQUIFERS, *HYDROGEOLOGY, *HYDROLOGY, *LITHOLOGY,...

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ALLOY 4201 WAS INVESTIGATED AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES USING VARIOUS TYPES OF EQUIPMENT FOR TESTING ITS STRENGTH, ELASTIC MODULUS, CREEP, ETC. BOTH IN ROD AND SHEET SPECIMENS. THE IMPACT STRENGTH IS REDUCED AT TEMPERATURES OF 1000 DEG AND 1200 DEG DUE TO THE INCREASE OF THE GRAIN CAUSED BY INTENSIVE RECRYSTALLIZATION PROCESSES OF THE ALLOY. IN VIEW OF THIS AND OTHER CHANGES WHICH OCCUR, THESE FEATURES MUST BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHEN USING SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS IN ASSEMBLIES AND DESIGNATING... Topics: CALIFORNIA, LITHOLOGY, PHOTOGEOLOGY, STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES (GEOLOGY), EARTH RESOURCES PROGRAM,...

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This progress report covers work done during the second year of the 3-year proposal. During this year we resolved many issues relevant to the analytical technique developed by us for measuring trace elements in meteoritic metals. This technique was used to measure concentrations of Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, Sb, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au in eight large (120 - 160 microns) metal grains from both "igneous" and "metamorphic" lithologies of the Chanuskij... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), TRACE ELEMENTS, METEORITIC COMPOSITION, SILICATES, LITHOLOGY,...

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Almost all rock types in the SNC meteorites are cumulates, products of magma differentiation by crystal fractionation (addition or removal of crystals). If the SNC meteorites are from the surface of Mars or near subsurface, then most of the igneous units on Mars are differentiated. Basaltic units probably experienced minor to moderate differientation, but ultrabasic units probably experienced extreme differentiation. Products of this differentiation may include Fe-rich gabbro, pyroxenite,... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, FRACTIONATION, GEOCHRONOLOGY, MARS SURFACE...

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Testing can be used during the software development process to maintain fidelity between evolving specifications, program designs, and code implementations. We use a form of specification-based testing that employs the use of an automated theorem prover to generate test templates. A similar approach was developed using a model checker on state-intensive systems. This method applies to systems with functional rather than state-based behaviors. This approach allows for the use of incomplete... Topics: X RAY SPECTROMETERS, REGOLITH, STANDARD DEVIATION, PRECISION, MASS DISTRIBUTION, ALPHA PARTICLES,...

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Silicates in mesosiderites commonly show anomalous characteristics compared to howardites. These characteristics indicate that many of the mesosiderite lithologies were formed during and/or after metal silicate mixing. Petrologic evidence indicates that impact gardening occurred on the mesosiderite asteroid after metal-silicate mixing. Thus the anomalous materials ought to be widely distributed on that asteroid. The compositions of howardites suggest a well-mixed regolith on Vesta. The lack of... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PETROLOGY, METEORITIC COMPOSITION, ASTEROIDS, BRECCIA,...

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Highly siderophile elements (HSE; Re, Au and the platinum group elements) in shergottites exhibit a wide range from very high, similar to the terrestrial mantle, to very low, similar to sulfide saturated mid ocean ridge basalt (e.g., [1]). This large range has been difficult to explain without good constraints on sulfide saturation or under-saturation [2]. A new model for prediction of sulfide saturation places new constraints on this problem [3]. Shergottite data: For primitive shergottites,... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BASALT, SHERGOTTITES, MARS (PLANET), SULFIDES, PLATINUM,...

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One of the great surprises of the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) mission is the discovery at Meridiani Planum that the surface hematite signature observed from orbit is attributable largely to a surface enrichment of hematite-rich spherules, thought to be concretions, that have weathered out of rocks similar to the underlying sulfate-rich rock formation [1]. A strong hematite signature has been observed by the Mini-TES [2] and by in-situ measurements of spherule-rich targets by the Mossbauer... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HEMATITE, MARS SURFACE, ROCKS, GEOCHEMISTRY, REMOTE SENSING,...

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Photometric measurements were carried out directly on the lunar surface with the aid of a calibration device, a plate with fields of different brightness, placed in the field of view of the panoramic telephotometers. The brightness of the fields of the calibration plate were measured in preliminary studies, relative to the brightness of a magnesia screen. This permitted determination of the reflectance features of the surficial lunar material relative to the standard most widely used in... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LUNAR SURFACE, PHOTOMETERS, REFLECTANCE, ROCKS, CAMERAS,...

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSTALLATIONS FOR REDUCING ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM WIND ENERGY IS BEGINNING IN GERMANY. THE WIND TOWER GENERATION INSTALLATIONS BUILT BY GERMAN FIRMS HAVE A WHEEL AREA OF BETWEEN 50 TO 250 SQUARE METERS FOR INSTALLED POWER LEVELS BETWEEN 3 AND 50 KW. IN THE LAST 30 YEARS, THERE HAS BEEN A TENDENCY TO INCREASE THE DESIGN ROTATION RATE COEFFICIENT FROM 2-4 TO A LEVEL BETWEEN 8-16. AT THE PRESENT TIME, THERE ARE RELIABLE INSTALLATIONS WITH NOMINAL POWER LEVELS BETWEEN 3 AND 22... Topics: GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS, SPECTRAL SIGNATURES, NEW YORK, PHOTOGEOLOGY, STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES (GEOLOGY),...

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There are numerous types of differentiated meteorites, but most represent either the crusts or cores of their parent asteroids. Ureilites, olivine-pyroxene-graphite rocks, are exceptions; they are mantle restites [1]. Dunite is expected to be a common mantle lithology in differentiated asteroids. In particular, models of the eucrite parent asteroid contain large volumes of dunite mantle [2-4]. Yet dunites are very rare among meteorites, and none are known associated with the howardite, eucrite,... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DUNITE, METEORITIC COMPOSITION, BASALT, VESTA ASTEROID,...

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A bibliography of scientific papers, articles, and books based on research supported by the NASA Geology Program is given. The citations cover the period 1980 to 1990. An author index is included. Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), GEOBOTANY, GEOCHEMISTRY, GEOMORPHOLOGY, LITHOLOGY, REMOTE...

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Programs for the conversion of MAGSAT tapes (both CHRONICLE and CHRONINT formats) from IBM binary to DEC 10 binary were developed in ASSEMBLY language) and programs for selection of only a particular part of CHRONICLE tape (e.g., passes over the Indian subcontinent) were also prepared. Data on a few selected quiet and disturbed days were studied by substracting the main field, and the anomalies over the Indian region were partly identified on few of the passes. A national Workshop on MAGSAT was... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EARTH CRUST, GEOMAGNETISM, INDIA, LITHOLOGY, MAGNETIC...

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Proposed one-bar phase equilibrium experiments, designed to determine the compositions of the nakhlites' parental magmas, are in progress. Proposed field studies on Earth, designed to find occurrences of rocks like the nakhlites, were extraordinarily successful. Other work supported in the past year included: attendance at the 1986 national meeting of the Geological Society of America; attendance at the 18th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; completion and publication of a study of core... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYSTALLIZATION, MAGMA, METEORITES, METEORITIC COMPOSITION,...

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This paper determines the information required about system recovery to compute the reliability of a class of reconfigurable systems. Upper and lower bounds are derived for these systems. The class consists of those systems that satisfy five assumptions: the components fail independently at a low constant rate, fault occurrence and system reconfiguration are independent processes, the reliability model is semi-Markov, the recovery functions which describe system configuration have small means... Topics: DENSITY (NUMBER/VOLUME), METAMORPHIC ROCKS, MORPHOLOGY, STRUCTURAL FAILURE, EARTH CRUST, EROSION,...

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Four test wells were drilled near Cedar Grove in Carroll County, Tennessee, in 1991 to obtain geologic and hydrologic information about the post-Cretaceous strata in the study area. Samples of cuttings and geophysical logs were used to determine the lithology and stratigraphy at the drilling sites. Specific-capacity tests and water- quality analyses were conducted at two test wells completed in the Memphis Sand. Yields of the two test wells were 275 gallons per minute and greater than 350... Topics: DTIC Archive, Johnson, Stephanie E, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WASHINGTON DC, *WATER QUALITY, STRATIGRAPHY,...

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Lithologic and chemical data have been compiled for belts in the Proterozoic terrane. Available stratigraphic information from geologic maps of these areas indicate that a typical sequence is comprised of predominately mafic lava flows (basalt-andesite) at the base, which are overlain by felsic volcanic rocks including pyroclastic rocks and lavas. Lithostratigraphic data indicate the volcanic succession is 6-8 km thick. This is followed by 3-4 km of basaltic lava flows which are locally... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), EARTH CRUST, LITHOLOGY, STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES (GEOLOGY),...

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Four lineaments in the Alabama Appalachians that appear on ERTS-1 imagery have been geologically analysed. Two of the lineaments appear to have regional geologic significance, showing relationships to structural and stratigraphic frameworks, water and mineral resources, geophysical anomalies, and seismicity. The other two lineaments are of local geologic significance, but, nevertheless, have important environmental implications. Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ALABAMA, GEOLOGICAL FAULTS, LITHOLOGY, STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES...

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Petrologic investigation of the shergottites has been hampered by the fact that most of these meteorites are partial cumulates. Two lines of inquiry have been used to evaluate the compositions of parental liquids: (i) perform melting experiments at different pressures and temperatures until the compositions of cumulate crystal cores are reproduced [e.g., 1]; and (ii) use point-counting techniques to reconstruct the compositions of intercumulus liquids [e.g., 2]. The second of these methods is... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MINERALOGY, SHERGOTTITES, PETROLOGY, PYROXENES, IMPACT MELTS,...

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The author has identified the following significant results. Preliminary analysis of the full frame images shows the following: (1) The techniques employed were found suitable for study purposes. (2) The positional accuracy of the system corrected bulk processed MSS images is about 100-400 m. (3) Drainage is well depicted and morphotectonic features could be recognized. (4) Water bodies are clearly shown in MSS band 7. (5) Major roads, railway lines, and large towns are more or less detectable... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS, IMAGERY, MAPPING, NETHERLANDS, STRUCTURAL...

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The main long-term goal of this research is to understand the physical conditions in the early solar nebula through the detailed characterization of a key class of mineral present in all primitive materials: Fe-Ni sulfides [1&2]. Fe-Ni sulfides can take dozens of structures, depending on the temperature of formation, as well as other physico-chemical factors which are imperfectly understood. Add to this the additional varying factor of Ni content, and we have a potentially sensitive... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES, CRYSTALLINITY, LITHOLOGY, MINERALS,...

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The author has identified the following significant results. The pattern of linear systems within the project area has been extended into the western foothill belt of the Sierra Nevada. The chief pattern of linear features in the western Sierran foothill belt trends about N. 10 - 15 deg W., but in the vicinity of the Feather River the trend of the features abruptly changes to about N. 50-60 deg W and appears to be contiguous across the Sacramento Valley with a similar system of linear features... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), LITHOLOGY, SACRAMENTO VALLEY (CA), SIERRA NEVADA MOUNTAINS...

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The author has identified the following significant results. Lake Tara lies within a previously recognized asymmetric graben situated on the Ethiopian plateau and about 250 km west of the plateau-Afar margin. ERTS-1 imagery confirms the stronger deformation of the western side of the Tara graben, with intense faulting and some associated monoclinal mapping extending between latitudes 12 deg and 14 deg N, and lying close to meridian 37 deg E. The zone of deformation is gently arcuate in plan,... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM, ETHIOPIA, IMAGERY, MAPPING, STRUCTURAL...

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Knowledge of the character and evolution of the Earth's early crust is derived from the studies of the rocks and structures in Archean greenstone belts. Ability to resolve the petrologic, sedimentological and structural histories of greenstone belts, however, hinges first on an ability to apply the concepts and procedures of classical stratigraphy. Unfortunately, early Precambrian greenstone terrains present particular problems to stratigraphic analysis. Many current controversies of greenstone... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, PETROLOGY, STRATIGRAPHY, STRUCTURAL...

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Samarium-Neodymium analyses were carried out on fourteen samples of basic to ultrabasic metavolcanics from several enclaves of the Amitsoq gneisses (T = to or approximately 3,700 Ma). Field observations suggest that all the analyzed rocks belong to the pre-Amitsoq Akilia Association. Consequently, a minimum age of 3,700 Ma is postulated for the emplacement of their protoliths. When all the data points are put together in a conventional isochron diagram, no clear isochron relationship can be... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CHRONOLOGY, EARTH MANTLE, GNEISS, METAMORPHISM (GEOLOGY),...

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The author has identified the following significant results. The new fault map of the main Ethiopian rift, based on aerial photo compilations, generally agrees well with the maps produced from ERTS-1 imagery. Characteristically, the ERTS-1 imagery shows some of the major faults to be more extensive than realized from ground studies, though due to the angle of sun illumination some east-facing fault scarps are not easily discernible on the imagery. The Corbetti caldera, shows up surprisingly... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AFRICAN RIFT SYSTEM, ETHIOPIA, GEOLOGICAL FAULTS, STRUCTURAL...