Much of the literature in general education is focused on the design or contents of the program, or the "supply side," while little attention has been given to students' understandings of and attitudes toward general education, the "demand side." This paper reviews literature on the "demand side" of general education by first providing a brief synopsis of the notion of general education and recent recommendations for reform, and next summarizing research on student knowledge of and attitudes... Show moreMuch of the literature in general education is focused on the design or contents of the program, or the "supply side," while little attention has been given to students' understandings of and attitudes toward general education, the "demand side." This paper reviews literature on the "demand side" of general education by first providing a brief synopsis of the notion of general education and recent recommendations for reform, and next summarizing research on student knowledge of and attitudes toward higher education and general education. Because of the paucity of "demand side" research, the paper shifts focus to processes used in higher education to affect demand side questions, including teaching, recruitment and admissions, orientation, academic and career advising, and course scheduling. The paper ends with conclusions on the importance of attending to "demand side" issues in the improvement of general education programs. Show less

Recent research has sought to understand how individuals high in psychopathic traits perceive pain in others (Decety, Skelly, & Kiehl, 2013; Marsh et al., 2013). Perception of pain in others is presumed to act as a prosocial signal, and underreactivity to others' pain may contribute to engagement in exploitative-aggressive behaviors among individuals high in psychopathic traits (Jackson, Meltzoff, & Decety, 2005). The current study tested for associations between facets of psychopathy as... Show moreRecent research has sought to understand how individuals high in psychopathic traits perceive pain in others (Decety, Skelly, & Kiehl, 2013; Marsh et al., 2013). Perception of pain in others is presumed to act as a prosocial signal, and underreactivity to others' pain may contribute to engagement in exploitative-aggressive behaviors among individuals high in psychopathic traits (Jackson, Meltzoff, & Decety, 2005). The current study tested for associations between facets of psychopathy as defined by the triarchic model (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009) and decreased sensitivity to pain in 105 undergraduates tested in a laboratory pain assessment. A pressure algometer was used to index pain tolerance, and participants also rated their perceptions of and reactivity to the algometer-induced pain during the assessment and again 3 days later. A unique positive relationship was found between pain tolerance and the meanness facet of psychopathy, which also predicted reduced fear of painful algometer stimulation. Other psychopathy facets (boldness, disinhibition) showed negative relations with fear of pain stimulation during testing and at follow-up. Findings from this study extend the nomological network surrounding callousness (meanness) and suggest that increased pain tolerance may be a mechanism contributing to insensitivity to expressions of discomfort in others. (PsycINFO Database Record Show less

There is a significant and important responsibility as libraries move into the role of publishing to retain our heritage of "access for all." Connecting and collaborating with colleagues in the publishing industry is essential, but should come with the understanding that the library as an organization is access-prone. This article discusses the complexities of navigating that relationship, and calls for libraries and publishers to embrace and respect the position from which we begin. Finally,... Show moreThere is a significant and important responsibility as libraries move into the role of publishing to retain our heritage of "access for all." Connecting and collaborating with colleagues in the publishing industry is essential, but should come with the understanding that the library as an organization is access-prone. This article discusses the complexities of navigating that relationship, and calls for libraries and publishers to embrace and respect the position from which we begin. Finally, the article forecasts several possible characteristics of what "publishing" might look like if libraries press the principle of access in this growing area. Show less

FSU Libraries Special Collections and Digital Library Center collaborated on development this presentation highlighting FSU Lives Class of 1955 digitization project along with digital preservation of faculty research as part of a guest lecture for Florida State University College of Communication & Information Spring 2011 Digital Libraries course (LIS5472) taught by Dr. Sanghee Oh.

Date Issued

2011

Identifier

FSU_migr_digital_lib-0013

Format

Citation

Title

"Gimme Shelter"™: The Hidden Causes and Consequences of Internal Displacement.

Creator

Kelley, Kaitlyn N., Department of Political Science

Abstract/Description

What are the causes and consequences of internal displacement during civil conflicts? This project makes two general claims: First, internal displacement is often the intentional byproduct of territorial consolidation during civil wars. Second, internal displacement can create an unfortunate and heretofore undiscovered feedback loop: wide-scale displacement leads to increases in civil war duration as well as intensity, which thereby leads to increased displacement. This project examines these... Show moreWhat are the causes and consequences of internal displacement during civil conflicts? This project makes two general claims: First, internal displacement is often the intentional byproduct of territorial consolidation during civil wars. Second, internal displacement can create an unfortunate and heretofore undiscovered feedback loop: wide-scale displacement leads to increases in civil war duration as well as intensity, which thereby leads to increased displacement. This project examines these claims through the use of unique micro-level data on the Colombian Civil War as well as cross-national investigations of internal displacement and civil war duration. Show less

Date Issued

2015

Identifier

FSU_migr_undergradsymposium2015-0012

Format

Citation

Title

"His-Panic": Latin-American Poetry in Translation.

Creator

Ruiz, Daniel, Department of English

Abstract/Description

Though I learned it first, I no longer speak Spanish fluently. Wishing to reconnect myself to my language and my culture—my own interests also piqued by the romantic sound of the language and the sheer brilliance and precision of the Spanish-language poets I had read—I returned to the language through poetry translation in an attempt to morph what had become unfamiliar (Spanish) into the language with which I have become most familiar (English). The purpose of this presentation is to give... Show moreThough I learned it first, I no longer speak Spanish fluently. Wishing to reconnect myself to my language and my culture—my own interests also piqued by the romantic sound of the language and the sheer brilliance and precision of the Spanish-language poets I had read—I returned to the language through poetry translation in an attempt to morph what had become unfamiliar (Spanish) into the language with which I have become most familiar (English). The purpose of this presentation is to give insight into processes—of writing, rewriting, translating poems from Spanish to English, and learning to confront and accept the unfamiliar. Over the summer, I traveled to Uruguay and Argentina, where I was forced to speak Spanish only, where even my limited Puerto Rican Spanish was foreign to the European-influenced Spanish of South America. Living in Tallahassee before and after my trip, I worked to improve my Spanish and focused my reading on poets from Latin-American countries and on the notable essays and books on translation that are considered paramount in the field. My period of focus is the twentieth century, and while English-language poets were writing about "The Everyday", their Latin-American counterparts, while still, as Emerson says, embracing "the common," often focused on the big issues of Life, Death, Time, and especially Love. My goal is this: I wish to relay the experience of working in two languages instead of one, and to show how the discourse between languages altered my writing and the way I think about language. Show less

Date Issued

2013

Identifier

FSU_migr_undergradresearch-0004

Format

Citation

Title

"I Can Name that Bayesian Network in Two Matrixes!".

Creator

Almond, Russell

Abstract/Description

The traditional approach to building Bayesian networks is to build the graphical structure using a graphical editor and then add probabilities using a separate spreadsheet for each node. This can make it difficult for a design team to get an impression of the total evidence provided by an assessment, especially if the Bayesian network is split into many fragments to make it more manageable. Using the design patterns commonly used to build Bayesian networks for educational assessments, the... Show moreThe traditional approach to building Bayesian networks is to build the graphical structure using a graphical editor and then add probabilities using a separate spreadsheet for each node. This can make it difficult for a design team to get an impression of the total evidence provided by an assessment, especially if the Bayesian network is split into many fragments to make it more manageable. Using the design patterns commonly used to build Bayesian networks for educational assessments, the collection of networks necessary can be specified using two matrixes. An inverse covariance matrix among the proficiency variables (the variables which are the target of interest) specifies the graphical structure and relation strength of the proficiency model. A Q-matrix — an incidence matrix whose rows represent observable outcomes from assessment tasks and whose columns represent proficiency variables — provides the graphical structure of the evidence models (graph fragments linking proficiency variables to observable outcomes). The Q-matrix can be augmented to provide details of relationship strengths and provide a high level overview of the kind of evidence available in the assessment. The representation of the model using matrixes means that the bulk of the specification work can be done using a desktop spreadsheet program and does not require specialized software, facilitating collaboration with external experts. The design idea is illustrated with some examples from prior assessment design projects. Show less

Date Issued

2007-01-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1472579811

Format

Citation

Title

"It's Not Gay if They Don't Touch": Challenging Heteronormative Empire and Countering the 'Closeting of History' Through Art.

Creator

Steel, Isabella, Department of Art

Abstract/Description

My project revolves around the "closeting of history", which is the phenomenon in which evidence that suggests gay or bisexual behavior is omitted from the narratives of important historical figures, thus allowing them to be imagined as heterosexual by future generations (and depriving young people of gay and bisexual icons). I wanted to create artwork that counters this phenomenon, by placing historical figures and popular characters in situations that complicate their sexuality, removing... Show moreMy project revolves around the "closeting of history", which is the phenomenon in which evidence that suggests gay or bisexual behavior is omitted from the narratives of important historical figures, thus allowing them to be imagined as heterosexual by future generations (and depriving young people of gay and bisexual icons). I wanted to create artwork that counters this phenomenon, by placing historical figures and popular characters in situations that complicate their sexuality, removing them from the heterosexual narrative that they have been confined to. I first began to explore this concept with a series of drawings of several American presidents as drag queens, complete with drag names, such as Abraham "Babe" Lincoln. I want these and other art pieces of mine to challenge the idea of "normativity" as applied to sexuality by re-appropriating iconic figures such as presidents, who have been symbols of heterosexual masculinity and success, as tools for showing sexuality as a performance—something that is fluid rather than compartmentalized. I want key works to simultaneously tackle the discomfort associated with excessive femininity, particularly when that femininity is applied to powerful individuals, and to negate the idea of the effeminate as weak. My artwork consists primarily of colorful and playful drawings and paintings, inspired by the camp aesthetic and sense of humor. At the end of the day, I just want to confront people with fun images of gay male sexuality, so that they might question what it is about it that makes them uncomfortable, and whether their discomfort is truly warranted. Show less

Date Issued

2013

Identifier

FSU_migr_undergradresearch-0003

Format

Citation

Title

"It's Really Overwhelming": Parent And Service Provider Perspectives Of Parents Aging Out Of Foster Care.

Rates of pregnancy and parenthood among current and former foster youth are two to three times higher than non-foster youth peers. Repeat pregnancies among young mothers aging out of foster care also occur at higher rates than peers not involved with the child welfare system. Furthermore, mothers aging out of foster care demonstrate high levels of parenting stress and risk for child maltreatment. Indeed, this population is in significant need of help; however, beyond anecdotal evidence,... Show moreRates of pregnancy and parenthood among current and former foster youth are two to three times higher than non-foster youth peers. Repeat pregnancies among young mothers aging out of foster care also occur at higher rates than peers not involved with the child welfare system. Furthermore, mothers aging out of foster care demonstrate high levels of parenting stress and risk for child maltreatment. Indeed, this population is in significant need of help; however, beyond anecdotal evidence, little is known about the needs and day-to day experiences of this population. In order to tailor interventions to meet the needs of parents aging out, the perspectives of stakeholders must be taken into account. Using qualitative data gathered from separate small group interviews with parents aging out and service providers, this study examined participants' perceptions of parents' daily experiences, strengths, and needs. Findings indicated that parents aging out face overwhelming adversity and stress with little outside financial, emotional, or parenting support from family or friends. Yet, parents also expressed motivation to be good parents, resilience, and the desire to gain effective parenting skills. Although similar themes arose among parent and provider interviews, perceptions differed. Parents expressed hope and optimism in providing for their children while providers expressed systemic failure in preparing parents for independent living. Based on these findings, we conclude that parenting interventions specific to parents aging out may need to address three fundamental and key components: basic needs, social support, and effective parenting techniques. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Show less

Date Issued

2016-08

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000381171100001, 10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.05.013

Format

Citation

Title

"Keeping Them Off the Streets": Examining the Media's Discussion of Youth Agriculture Projects.

Creator

Philips, Allison, Boggs, George

Date Issued

2016-04-12

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1460471829

Format

Citation

Title

“One Must Actually Take Facts as They Are”: Information Value and Information Behavior in the Miss Marple Novels.

Creator

Kazmer, Michelle M.

Abstract/Description

One perspective not often brought to the study of detective fiction is that from the field of information science. Among other topics, information science is concerned with information behavior, or how people behave with respect to information: needing, seeking, accidentally encountering, avoiding, evaluating, storing and so forth. Examining the solving of a mystery as an information behavior has potential for insights into the genre and into our twenty-first century readings of detective... Show moreOne perspective not often brought to the study of detective fiction is that from the field of information science. Among other topics, information science is concerned with information behavior, or how people behave with respect to information: needing, seeking, accidentally encountering, avoiding, evaluating, storing and so forth. Examining the solving of a mystery as an information behavior has potential for insights into the genre and into our twenty-first century readings of detective fiction. Current audiences are accustomed to modern information technology and the information behaviors afforded by it: amateur sleuths hack computer systems or professional detectives analyze trace evidence for DNA. Highly technologized contemporary information environments leave us to ask: in what ways do the manipulation of information value, and the sophistication of the information behaviors, in novels written by Agatha Christie in the early- to mid-twentieth century, continue to enthrall readers in the twenty-first? Show less

Date Issued

2016

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1457717673

Format

Citation

Title

"Poverty Porn": The Narratives of INGO Media Campaigns.

Creator

Costner, Monique, Kohli, Tanu

Abstract/Description

International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) have different strategies of raising awareness and funds for their causes. Sometimes however, these strategies can rely on the use of stereotypical or dehumanizing depictions of people from the developing world. We have all seen the images of hungry children with bloated stomachs, presumably from some African or Asian country. To what extent do these narratives present a grossly simplified version of the struggles people in poverty face?... Show moreInternational non-governmental organizations (INGOs) have different strategies of raising awareness and funds for their causes. Sometimes however, these strategies can rely on the use of stereotypical or dehumanizing depictions of people from the developing world. We have all seen the images of hungry children with bloated stomachs, presumably from some African or Asian country. To what extent do these narratives present a grossly simplified version of the struggles people in poverty face? The term “poverty porn” has been coined to describe these kinds of shock-based images which reduce people to their vulnerability and helplessness. Narratives within INGO media campaigns can either contribute to, or combat stereotypical images of developing regions. The first section of this research will discuss representations of people from developing regions. Second, the research will examine strategies employed in several digital-based INGO media campaigns through their use of visual and verbal tools. Third, the research will analyze the ethical nature of media campaigns which contribute to or combat stereotypes. It is important for international non-governmental organizations and those within the field of international development to consider how communication strategies impact the understanding we have of developing regions. This research aims to look critically at INGO communications and provide best practices for organizations constructing their own media campaigns. Show less

Date Issued

2018-05-04

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1525459187_d84adacc

Format

Citation

Title

"Poverty Porn": The Narratives of INGO Media Campaigns.

Creator

Costner, Monique, Kohli, Tanu

Abstract/Description

International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) have different strategies of raising awareness and funds for their causes. Sometimes however, these strategies can rely on the use of stereotypical or dehumanizing depictions of people from the developing world. We have all seen the images of hungry children with bloated stomachs, presumably from some African or Asian country. To what extent do these narratives present a grossly simplified version of the struggles people in poverty face?... Show moreInternational non-governmental organizations (INGOs) have different strategies of raising awareness and funds for their causes. Sometimes however, these strategies can rely on the use of stereotypical or dehumanizing depictions of people from the developing world. We have all seen the images of hungry children with bloated stomachs, presumably from some African or Asian country. To what extent do these narratives present a grossly simplified version of the struggles people in poverty face? The term “poverty porn” has been coined to describe these kinds of shock-based images which reduce people to their vulnerability and helplessness. Narratives within INGO media campaigns can either contribute to, or combat stereotypical images of developing regions. The first section of this research will discuss representations of people from developing regions. Second, the research will examine strategies employed in several digital-based INGO media campaigns through their use of visual and verbal tools. Third, the research will analyze the ethical nature of media campaigns which contribute to or combat stereotypes. It is important for international non-governmental organizations and those within the field of international development to consider how communication strategies impact the understanding we have of developing regions. This research aims to look critically at INGO communications and provide best practices for organizations constructing their own media campaigns. Show less

Date Issued

2018-05-04

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1525459546_a796c8ef

Format

Citation

Title

The "State" of Behavioral and Demographic Analysis of Longevity Risk: A State-Aggregated Approach to Studying the Inter-Related Effects of Financial Education and Financial Literacy.

Creator

Levine, Apple, Sirmans, Eleanor, Born, Patricia

Date Issued

2016-04-12

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_scholarship_submission_1460472288

Format

Citation

Title

"To Benefit the World by Whatever Means Possible": Adolescents' Constructions of Global Citizenship.

Creator

Myers, John

Abstract/Description

This article reports on the ways that 77 students in an international studies programme constructed meanings for global citizenship. The focus was on their personal meanings for the topic and how they articulated a global identity with their national civic beliefs. Data was collected from online discussion boards, written essays and 20 interviews. A key finding was that the students' political language for global citizenship, examined here in terms of purpose, membership and relationship with... Show moreThis article reports on the ways that 77 students in an international studies programme constructed meanings for global citizenship. The focus was on their personal meanings for the topic and how they articulated a global identity with their national civic beliefs. Data was collected from online discussion boards, written essays and 20 interviews. A key finding was that the students' political language for global citizenship, examined here in terms of purpose, membership and relationship with national citizenship, was predominantly a moral commitment framed in universal language. A second finding was that the students understood global citizenship as a heterogeneous and complex affiliation shaped by a range of sources. The implication is that citizenship education emphasizing a narrow notion of patriotism may encourage students to disengage from civic life because it does not represent their lived experiences and identities. Insights for making citizenship education practices more inclusive are discussed., In this study, information about national identity and global citizenship were collected from 77 students enrolled in an international studies program through discussion boards, essays, and interviews. Results regarding global citizenship showed that participants’ language was often framed in moral and universal terms, and that students saw global citizenship as complex and drew from diverse sources to understand what it meant. The article also discussed how citizenship education needs to be broader and more inclusive than the traditional focus on patriotism. Show less

This introduction to the special issue provides an overview of the promise, but also the ongoing challenges, related to Response to Intervention (RTI) as a means of both prevention and identification of reading disabilities. We conclude by describing the articles in this special issue and considering their implications for future research.

The study focuses on the race issues and increased police militarization in Ferguson, Missouri related to the recent murder of Michael Brown. This particular part of the study focuses on the popular trend of the hashtag If They Gunned Me Down. Young activists on Twitter post pictures of themselves, both positive and negative, to highlight the media's opinion of people of color in the news. The tag is meant to show the obvious bias in media portrayal of black victims of police violence through... Show moreThe study focuses on the race issues and increased police militarization in Ferguson, Missouri related to the recent murder of Michael Brown. This particular part of the study focuses on the popular trend of the hashtag If They Gunned Me Down. Young activists on Twitter post pictures of themselves, both positive and negative, to highlight the media's opinion of people of color in the news. The tag is meant to show the obvious bias in media portrayal of black victims of police violence through personal images. During the study we studied these images and then complied a sample of 20 images per category (categories being aspects of their personality being highlighted). The tweets show two pictures per post, one negative and one positive, which we group together to find the most common traits presented. From these qualities we are hoping to gain an idea of the way the black community views the medias opinion of their worth. In addition to this information we are also qualitatively coding tweets related to race, black culture and marketing to find celebrities involvement and influence in the issue of police brutality of the black community. Show less

Date Issued

2015

Identifier

FSU_migr_undergradsymposium2015-0036

Format

Citation

Title

β-lactam synthesis.

Creator

Holton, Robert A., Vu, Phong H.

Abstract/Description

The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of β-lactams. Generally, an imine is cyclocondensed with a ketene acetal or enolate to form the β-lactam product in a “one pot” synthesis, this process is generally performed at a higher temperature than conventional processes.

Scott Sehon recently argued that the standard notion of determinism employed in the Consequence Argument makes it so that, if our world turns out to be deterministic, then an interventionist God is logically impossible. He further argues that because of this, we should revise our notion of determinism. In this paper I show that Sehon's argument for the claim that the truth of determinism, in this sense, would make an interventionist God logically impossible ultimately fails. I then offer and... Show moreScott Sehon recently argued that the standard notion of determinism employed in the Consequence Argument makes it so that, if our world turns out to be deterministic, then an interventionist God is logically impossible. He further argues that because of this, we should revise our notion of determinism. In this paper I show that Sehon's argument for the claim that the truth of determinism, in this sense, would make an interventionist God logically impossible ultimately fails. I then offer and respond to a weaker version of the argument for the claim that we should revise our notion of determinism. Show less

Date Issued

2016-06

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000384551600015, 10.1007/s11406-016-9712-0

Format

Citation

Title

The ‘True’ Juvenile Offender: Age Effects and Juvenile Court Sanctioning.

Age is the only factor used to demarcate the boundary between juvenile and adult justice. However, little research has examined how age guides the juvenile court in determining which youth within the juvenile justice system merit particular dispositions, especially those that reflect the court's emphasis on rehabilitation. Drawing on scholarship on the court's origins, attribution theory, and cognitive heuristics, we hypothesize that the court focuses on youth in the middle of the range of... Show moreAge is the only factor used to demarcate the boundary between juvenile and adult justice. However, little research has examined how age guides the juvenile court in determining which youth within the juvenile justice system merit particular dispositions, especially those that reflect the court's emphasis on rehabilitation. Drawing on scholarship on the court's origins, attribution theory, and cognitive heuristics, we hypothesize that the court focuses on youth in the middle of the range of the court's age of jurisdiction—characterized in this article as “true” juveniles—who may be viewed as meriting more specialized intervention. We use data from Florida for court referrals in 2008 (N = 71,388) to examine the decision to proceed formally or informally and, in turn, to examine formally processed youth dispositions (dismissal, diversion, probation, commitment, and transfer) and informally processed youth dispositions (dismissal, diversion, and probation). The analyses provide partial support for the hypothesis. The very young were more likely to be informally processed; however, among the informally processed youth, the youngest, not “true” juveniles, were most likely to be diverted or placed on probation. By contrast, among formally processed youth, “true” juveniles were most likely to receive traditional juvenile court responses, such as diversion or probation. Show less

Direct removal of (TcO4-)-Tc-99 from the highly acidic solution of used nuclear fuel is highly beneficial for the recovery of uranium and plutonium and more importantly aids in the elimination of Tc-99 discharge into the environment. However, this task represents a huge challenge given the combined extreme conditions of super acidity, high ionic strength, and strong radiation field. Here we overcome this challenge using a cationic polymeric network with significant TcO4- uptake capabilities... Show moreDirect removal of (TcO4-)-Tc-99 from the highly acidic solution of used nuclear fuel is highly beneficial for the recovery of uranium and plutonium and more importantly aids in the elimination of Tc-99 discharge into the environment. However, this task represents a huge challenge given the combined extreme conditions of super acidity, high ionic strength, and strong radiation field. Here we overcome this challenge using a cationic polymeric network with significant TcO4- uptake capabilities in four aspects: the fastest sorption kinetics, the highest sorption capacity, the most promising uptake performance from highly acidic solutions, and excellent radiation-resistance and hydrolytic stability among all anion sorbent materials reported. In addition, this material is fully recyclable for multiple sorption/desorption trials, making it extremely attractive for waste partitioning and emergency remediation. The excellent TcO4- uptake capability is elucidated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, solid-state NMR measurement, and density functional theory analysis on anion coordination and bonding. Show less

Date Issued

2018-08-01

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000440413500007, 10.1038/s41467-018-05380-5

Format

Citation

Title

.beta.-lactams as taxol intermediates N-acylated.

Creator

Holton, Robert A.

Abstract/Description

.beta.-lactam compounds which are reacted with a metal alkoxide for preparing N-acyl, N-sulfonyl and phosphoryl substituted isoserine esters.

The average cell size of marine phytoplankton is critical for the flow of energy and nutrients from the base of the food web to higher trophic levels. Thus, the evolutionary succession of primary producers through Earth's history is important for our understanding of the radiation of modern protists similar to 800 million years ago and the emergence of eumetazoan animals similar to 200 million years later. Currently, it is difficult to establish connections between primary production and the... Show moreThe average cell size of marine phytoplankton is critical for the flow of energy and nutrients from the base of the food web to higher trophic levels. Thus, the evolutionary succession of primary producers through Earth's history is important for our understanding of the radiation of modern protists similar to 800 million years ago and the emergence of eumetazoan animals similar to 200 million years later. Currently, it is difficult to establish connections between primary production and the proliferation of large and complex organisms because the mid-Proterozoic (similar to 1,800-800 million years ago) rock record is nearly devoid of recognizable phytoplankton fossils. We report the discovery of intact porphyrins, the molecular fossils of chlorophylls, from 1,100-million-year-old marine black shales of the Taoudeni Basin (Mauritania), 600 million years older than previous findings. The porphyrin nitrogen isotopes (delta N-15(por) = 5.6-10.2 parts per thousand) are heavier than in younger sedimentary sequences, and the isotopic offset between sedimentary bulk nitrogen and porphyrins (epsilon(por) = -5.1 to -0.5 parts per thousand) points to cyanobacteria as dominant primary producers. Based on fossil carotenoids, anoxygenic green (Chlorobiacea) and purple sulfur bacteria (Chromatiaceae) also contributed to photosynthate. The low epsilon(por) values, in combination with a lack of diagnostic eukaryotic steranes in the time interval of 1,600-1,000 million years ago, demonstrate that algae played an insignificant role in mid-Proterozoic oceans. The paucity of algae and the small cell size of bacterial phytoplankton may have curtailed the flow of energy to higher trophic levels, potentially contributing to a diminished evolutionary pace toward complex eukaryotic ecosystems and large and active organisms. Show less

Date Issued

2018-07-24

Identifier

FSU_libsubv1_wos_000439574700004, 10.1073/pnas.1803866115

Format

Citation

Title

10-desacetoxytaxol derivatives.

Creator

Farina, Vittorio, Holton, Robert A., Chen, Shu-Hui

Abstract/Description

The present invention relates to 10-desacetoxytaxol and derivatives thereof, which are useful as antitumor agents. These compounds have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy or a protected hydroxy group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, a protected hydroxy group, methyl, --SH, --NH.sub.2, or --NR.sub.8 R.sub.9 ; R.sub.5 is R.sub.10, or --OR.sub.10 ; R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are independently... Show moreThe present invention relates to 10-desacetoxytaxol and derivatives thereof, which are useful as antitumor agents. These compounds have the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy or a protected hydroxy group; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently hydrogen, hydroxy, a protected hydroxy group, methyl, --SH, --NH.sub.2, or --NR.sub.8 R.sub.9 ; R.sub.5 is R.sub.10, or --OR.sub.10 ; R.sub.6 and R.sub.7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, or aryl; R.sub.8 and R.sub.9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or aryl; and R.sub.10 is alkoxy, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynl, or aryl. Show less

Protein misfolding and aggregation underlie the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to chaperone-mediated refolding and proteasomal degradation, the aggresome-macroautophagy pathway has emerged as another defense mechanism for sequestration and clearance of toxic protein aggregates in cells. Previously, the 14-3-3 proteins were shown to be indispensable for the formation of aggresomes induced by mutant huntingtin proteins. In a recent study, we have determined that 14... Show moreProtein misfolding and aggregation underlie the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to chaperone-mediated refolding and proteasomal degradation, the aggresome-macroautophagy pathway has emerged as another defense mechanism for sequestration and clearance of toxic protein aggregates in cells. Previously, the 14-3-3 proteins were shown to be indispensable for the formation of aggresomes induced by mutant huntingtin proteins. In a recent study, we have determined that 14-3-3 functions as a molecular adaptor to recruit chaperone-associated misfolded proteins to dynein motors for transport to aggresomes. This molecular complex involves a dimeric binding of 14-3-3 to both the dynein-intermediate chain (DIC) and an Hsp70 co-chaperone Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3). As 14-3-3 has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, our findings may provide mechanistic insights into its role in managing misfolded protein stress during the process of neurodegeneration. Show less

The aggresome is a key cytoplasmic organelle for sequestration and clearance of toxic protein aggregates. Although loading misfolded proteins cargos to dynein motors has been recognized as an important step in the aggresome formation process, the molecular machinery that mediates the association of cargos with the dynein motor is poorly understood. Here, we report a new aggresome-targeting pathway that involves isoforms of 14-3-3, a family of conserved regulatory proteins. 14-3-3 interacts... Show moreThe aggresome is a key cytoplasmic organelle for sequestration and clearance of toxic protein aggregates. Although loading misfolded proteins cargos to dynein motors has been recognized as an important step in the aggresome formation process, the molecular machinery that mediates the association of cargos with the dynein motor is poorly understood. Here, we report a new aggresome-targeting pathway that involves isoforms of 14-3-3, a family of conserved regulatory proteins. 14-3-3 interacts with both the dynein-intermediate chain (DIC) and an Hsp70 co-chaperone Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), thereby recruiting chaperone-associated protein cargos to dynein motors for their transport to aggresomes. This molecular cascade entails functional dimerization of 14-3-3, which we show to be crucial for the formation of aggresomes in both yeast and mammalian cells. These results suggest that 14-3-3 functions as a molecular adaptor to promote aggresomal targeting of misfolded protein aggregates and may link such complexes to inclusion bodies observed in various neurodegenerative diseases. Show less

14-3-3 proteins were originally discovered as a family of proteins that are highly expressed in the brain. Through interactions with a multitude of binding partners, 14-3-3 proteins impact many aspects of brain function including neural signaling, neuronal development and neuroprotection. Although much remains to be learned and understood, 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders based on evidence from both clinical and laboratory studies. Here we will... Show more14-3-3 proteins were originally discovered as a family of proteins that are highly expressed in the brain. Through interactions with a multitude of binding partners, 14-3-3 proteins impact many aspects of brain function including neural signaling, neuronal development and neuroprotection. Although much remains to be learned and understood, 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders based on evidence from both clinical and laboratory studies. Here we will review previous and more recent research that has helped us understand the roles of 14-3-3 proteins in both neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Show less

Surface expression of voltage-gated Ca(2+) (Cav) channels is important for their function in calcium homeostasis in the physiology of excitable cells, but whether or not and how the α1 pore-forming subunits of Cav channels are trafficked to plasma membrane in the absence of the known Cav auxiliary subunits, β and α2δ, remains mysterious. Here we showed that 14-3-3 proteins promoted functional surface expression of the Cav2.2 α1B channel in transfected tsA-201 cells in the absence of any known... Show moreSurface expression of voltage-gated Ca(2+) (Cav) channels is important for their function in calcium homeostasis in the physiology of excitable cells, but whether or not and how the α1 pore-forming subunits of Cav channels are trafficked to plasma membrane in the absence of the known Cav auxiliary subunits, β and α2δ, remains mysterious. Here we showed that 14-3-3 proteins promoted functional surface expression of the Cav2.2 α1B channel in transfected tsA-201 cells in the absence of any known Cav auxiliary subunit. Both the surface to total ratio of the expressed α1B protein and the current density of voltage step-evoked Ba(2+) current were markedly suppressed by the coexpression of a 14-3-3 antagonist construct, pSCM138, but not its inactive control, pSCM174, as determined by immunofluorescence assay and whole cell voltage clamp recording, respectively. By contrast, coexpression with 14-3-3τ significantly enhanced the surface expression and current density of the Cav2.2 α1B channel. Importantly, we found that between the two previously identified 14-3-3 binding regions at the α1B C terminus, only the proximal region (amino acids 1706-1940), closer to the end of the last transmembrane domain, was retained by the endoplasmic reticulum and facilitated by 14-3-3 to traffic to plasma membrane. Additionally, we showed that the 14-3-3/Cav β subunit coregulated the surface expression of Cav2.2 channels in transfected tsA-201 cells and neurons. Altogether, our findings reveal a previously unidentified regulatory function of 14-3-3 proteins in promoting the surface expression of Cav2.2 α1B channels. Show less

Process for the preparation of a derivative or analog of baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III having a C9 substituent other than keto in which the C9 keto substituent of taxol, a taxol analog, baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III is selectively reduced to the corresponding hydroxy group.

There are many regulations for how a prison should work as a system according to the state, but the ones who actually have the most control over how the prison is run are the employees and officials who work in and manage the facility. These people have a stronger effect on how punishment is actually meted out. This project offers a longitudinal case study of Eastern State Penitentiary from 1829 to 1875. Through records kept by the prison administrators we can observe the decisions they made... Show moreThere are many regulations for how a prison should work as a system according to the state, but the ones who actually have the most control over how the prison is run are the employees and officials who work in and manage the facility. These people have a stronger effect on how punishment is actually meted out. This project offers a longitudinal case study of Eastern State Penitentiary from 1829 to 1875. Through records kept by the prison administrators we can observe the decisions they made behind the scenes on a day-to-day basis and compare punishment in practice to the expectations of state regulations. We demonstrate that administrators and employees at Eastern State were willing to veer from the regulations and make their own decisions to benefit the public view of the prison. Specifically, the administrators' were guided by the need to protect the reputation of the prison, to make the prison appear to function well. Administrators sought to counter criticism over the prison's unique "separate system" of punishment in which prisoners were held in solitary confinement, a practice that attracted great criticism at the time. Our study demonstrates that many of the administrators' decisions were intended to maintain a positive image of Eastern State and to prevent criticism. Show less

The scalable cascaded Z-source inverter is able to interface flexibly different distributed renewable energy sources or storages in wide voltage change range, such as wind power, solar power, battery, fuel cell, Ultra-capacitor and so on. The invention facilitates the AC 1 MHz frequency output; therefore high power density can be reached. Z-source network is integrated in each inverter module to wide system operation range, improve high system efficiency, and enhance high system reliability.... Show moreThe scalable cascaded Z-source inverter is able to interface flexibly different distributed renewable energy sources or storages in wide voltage change range, such as wind power, solar power, battery, fuel cell, Ultra-capacitor and so on. The invention facilitates the AC 1 MHz frequency output; therefore high power density can be reached. Z-source network is integrated in each inverter module to wide system operation range, improve high system efficiency, and enhance high system reliability. The invention is applied for PV system to verify the performance. Show less

Atomic structures of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-DJ, alone and in complex with fondaparinux, have been determined by cryoelectron microscopy at 3 angstrom resolution. The gene therapy vector, AAV-DJ, is a hybrid of natural serotypes that was previously derived by directed evolution, selecting for hepatocyte entry and resistance to neutralization by human serum. The structure of AAV-DJ differs from that of parental serotypes in two regions where neutralizing antibodies bind, so immune escape... Show moreAtomic structures of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-DJ, alone and in complex with fondaparinux, have been determined by cryoelectron microscopy at 3 angstrom resolution. The gene therapy vector, AAV-DJ, is a hybrid of natural serotypes that was previously derived by directed evolution, selecting for hepatocyte entry and resistance to neutralization by human serum. The structure of AAV-DJ differs from that of parental serotypes in two regions where neutralizing antibodies bind, so immune escape appears to have been the primary driver of AAV-DJ's directed evolution. Fondaparinux is an analog of cell surface heparan sulfate to which several AAVs bind during entry. Fondaparinux interacts with viral arginines at a known heparin binding site, without the large conformational changes whose presence was controversial in low-resolution imaging of AAV2-heparin complexes. The glycan density suggests multimodal binding that could accommodate sequence variation and multivalent binding along a glycan polymer, consistent with a role in attachment, prior to more specific interactions with a receptor protein mediating entry. Show less

Atomic structures of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-DJ, alone and in complex with fondaparinux, have been determined by cryoelectron microscopy at 3 Å resolution. The gene therapy vector, AAV-DJ, is a hybrid of natural serotypes that was previously derived by directed evolution, selecting for hepatocyte entry and resistance to neutralization by human serum. The structure of AAV-DJ differs from that of parental serotypes in two regions where neutralizing antibodies bind, so immune escape appears... Show moreAtomic structures of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-DJ, alone and in complex with fondaparinux, have been determined by cryoelectron microscopy at 3 Å resolution. The gene therapy vector, AAV-DJ, is a hybrid of natural serotypes that was previously derived by directed evolution, selecting for hepatocyte entry and resistance to neutralization by human serum. The structure of AAV-DJ differs from that of parental serotypes in two regions where neutralizing antibodies bind, so immune escape appears to have been the primary driver of AAV-DJ's directed evolution. Fondaparinux is an analog of cell surface heparan sulfate to which several AAVs bind during entry. Fondaparinux interacts with viral arginines at a known heparin binding site, without the large conformational changes whose presence was controversial in low-resolution imaging of AAV2-heparin complexes. The glycan density suggests multi-modal binding that could accommodate sequence variation and multivalent binding along a glycan polymer, consistent with a role in attachment, prior to more specific interactions with a receptor protein mediating entry. Show less

Objectives Our library has provided 24/7 access for student study space since 2010. This service has functioned as anticipated with minor policy breaches in 2010 and 2013. The purpose of this study was to determine how well 24/7 access to our library is working, obtain student feedback on security procedures, and solicit ideas from all stakeholders for future improvements. Methods Stakeholders for 24/7 access to our academic health sciences library include both the service providers (library,... Show moreObjectives Our library has provided 24/7 access for student study space since 2010. This service has functioned as anticipated with minor policy breaches in 2010 and 2013. The purpose of this study was to determine how well 24/7 access to our library is working, obtain student feedback on security procedures, and solicit ideas from all stakeholders for future improvements. Methods Stakeholders for 24/7 access to our academic health sciences library include both the service providers (library, student affairs, and security/legal personnel) and the service users (first- and second-year medical students and biomedical graduate students). To evaluate the effectiveness of the library's 24/7 access service, the authors conducted a series of free-response interviews with several service provider and user stakeholders to solicit the most detailed feedback possible. The authors also administered a brief survey to determine if students were satisfied with unstaffed access to library study space. The results of stakeholder feedback were used to evaluate the value of our extensive planning for 24/7 access to the library, our thorough and consistent implementation, and our responsiveness to the needs of our students. Results: Our library director invited (via email) 14 student/staff stakeholders to be interviewed by the primary investigator (PI) and co-PI. Three students and three staff members agreed to be interviewed; five interviews were conducted face-to-face and one was conducted by phone. In addition, our library director sent an email invitation to complete a 10-question survey to approximately 500 students; 114 surveys were completed. From the interviews and the survey, shared themes as well as several unique feedback items emerged. In general, the overwhelming response was that the 24/7 service meets the needs of students, providing a secure, consistent study area for students who do not choose to study in another College of Medicine study space, in another campus library, at home, or at another location. Specifically, 90% of the students were not concerned about safety/security issues in the library during unstaffed hours, 82% indicated that the library environment was conducive to studying during unstaffed hours, and 83% felt that the library's orientation on 24/7 policies and procedures has met their needs. Conclusions: Collecting formal feedback on our 24/7 service has validated the time spent in planning, implementation, and responding to student needs, and has also elicited several ideas for improving the 24/7 service. We plan to continue interviewing and surveying 24/7 stakeholders on a yearly basis to solicit current feedback and continually improve the service. Show less

This poster session will use text, diagrams, and images to display the development of the application of The DCC Curation Lifecycle Model practices to preservation of Diatomscapes. Diatomscapes represents a collection of images of biological silica and includes diatoms ("microscopic, single-celled plants that thrive in freshwater, saltwater, brackish water and even semi-terrestrial environments" (Prasad, 2005)) and Radiolarians ("any of various marine protozoans of the order Radiolaria,... Show moreThis poster session will use text, diagrams, and images to display the development of the application of The DCC Curation Lifecycle Model practices to preservation of Diatomscapes. Diatomscapes represents a collection of images of biological silica and includes diatoms ("microscopic, single-celled plants that thrive in freshwater, saltwater, brackish water and even semi-terrestrial environments" (Prasad, 2005)) and Radiolarians ("any of various marine protozoans of the order Radiolaria, having rigid siliceous skeletons and spicules" (Dictionary, 2008)). Show less

Date Issued

2008

Identifier

FSU_migr_digital_lib-0002

Format

Citation

Title

9&bgr;-hydroxytetracyclic taxanes.

Creator

Suzuki, Yukio, Holton, Robert A., Somoza, Carmen, Shindo, Mitsuru

Abstract/Description

Process for the preparation of a derivative or analog of baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III having a C9 substituent other than keto in which the C9 keto substituent of taxol, a taxol analog, baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III is selectively reduced to the corresponding hydroxy group.

Process for the preparation of a derivative or analog of baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III having a C9 substituent other than keto in which the C9 keto substituent of taxol, a taxol analog, baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III is selectively reduced to the corresponding hydroxy group.

Process for the preparation of a derivative or analog of baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III having a C9 substituent other than keto in which the C9 keto substituent of taxol, a taxol analog, baccatin III or 10-desacetyl baccatin III is selectively reduced to the corresponding hydroxy group.

Abandoning the Dead Donor Rule?: A National Survey of Public Views on Death and Organ Donation.

Creator

Nair-Collins, Michael, Green, Sydney, Sutin, Angelina

Abstract/Description

Brain dead organ donors are the principal source of transplantable organs. However, it is controversial whether brain death is the same as biological death. Therefore, it is unclear whether organ removal in brain death is consistent with the 'dead donor rule', which states that organ removal must not cause death. Our aim was to evaluate the public's opinion about organ removal if explicitly described as causing the death of a donor in irreversible apneic coma. We conducted a cross-sectional... Show moreBrain dead organ donors are the principal source of transplantable organs. However, it is controversial whether brain death is the same as biological death. Therefore, it is unclear whether organ removal in brain death is consistent with the 'dead donor rule', which states that organ removal must not cause death. Our aim was to evaluate the public's opinion about organ removal if explicitly described as causing the death of a donor in irreversible apneic coma. We conducted a cross-sectional internet survey of the American public (n=1096). Questionnaire domains included opinions about a hypothetical scenario of organ removal described as causing the death of a patient in irreversible coma, and items measuring willingness to donate organs after death. Some 71% of the sample agreed that it should be legal for patients to donate organs in the scenario described and 67% agreed that they would want to donate organs in a similar situation. Of the 85% of the sample who agreed that they were willing to donate organs after death, 76% agreed that they would donate in the scenario of irreversible coma with organ removal causing death. There appears to be public support for organ donation in a scenario explicitly described as violating the dead donor rule. Further, most but not all people who would agree to donate when organ removal is described as occurring after death would also agree to donate when organ removal is described as causing death in irreversible coma. Show less

Date Issued

2014

Identifier

FSU_migr_mhs-0040, 10.1136/medethics-2014-102229

Format

Citation

Title

The ABC's of math: A genetic analysis of mathematics and its links with reading ability and general cognitive ability.

Creator

Hart, Sara, Petrill, Stephen, Thompson, Lee, Plomin, Robert

Abstract/Description

The goal of this first major report from the Western Reserve Reading Project Math component is to explore the etiology of the relationship among tester-administered measures of mathematics ability, reading ability and general cognitive ability. Data are available on 314 pairs of monozygotic and same-sex dizygotic twins analyzed across five waves of assessment. Univariate analyses provide a range of estimates of genetic (h²=.00-.63) and shared environmental influences (c²=.15-.52) across math... Show moreThe goal of this first major report from the Western Reserve Reading Project Math component is to explore the etiology of the relationship among tester-administered measures of mathematics ability, reading ability and general cognitive ability. Data are available on 314 pairs of monozygotic and same-sex dizygotic twins analyzed across five waves of assessment. Univariate analyses provide a range of estimates of genetic (h²=.00-.63) and shared environmental influences (c²=.15-.52) across math calculation, fluency and problem solving measures. Multivariate analyses indicate genetic overlap between math problem solving with general cognitive ability and reading, whereas math fluency shares significant genetic overlap with reading fluency and general cognitive ability. Further, math fluency has unique genetic influences. In general, math ability has shared environmental overlap with general cognitive ability and decoding. These results indicate that aspects of math that include problem solving have different genetic and environmental influences than math calculation. Moreover, math fluency, a timed measure of calculation, is the only measured math ability with unique genetic influences. Show less

We report magnetotransport properties of BaZnBi2 single crystals. Whereas electronic structure features Dirac states, such states are removed from the Fermi level by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and consequently electronic transport is dominated by the small hole and electron pockets. Our results are consistent with not only three-dimensional, but also with quasi-two-dimensional portions of the Fermi surface. The SOC-induced gap in Dirac states is much larger when compared to isostructural... Show moreWe report magnetotransport properties of BaZnBi2 single crystals. Whereas electronic structure features Dirac states, such states are removed from the Fermi level by spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and consequently electronic transport is dominated by the small hole and electron pockets. Our results are consistent with not only three-dimensional, but also with quasi-two-dimensional portions of the Fermi surface. The SOC-induced gap in Dirac states is much larger when compared to isostructural SrMnBi2. This suggests that not only long-range magnetic order, but also mass of the alkaline-earth atoms A in ABX(2) (A = alkaline-earth, B = transition-metal, and X = Bi/Sb) are important for the presence of low-energy states obeying the relativistic Dirac equation at the Fermi surface. Show less