The photon is created when an electron moves from an outer activated orbital to an inner orbital and loses a quantum of orbital energy.

· That lost quantum of angular momentum then leaves the electron orbital and travels through space.

When a free electron is accelerated in a circle in the high magnetic field of a Cyclotron, the electron radiates energy. But, strangely the ground state orbital electron which is accelerated in a circle does not ever lose any energy if undisturbed in its circular movement around the nucleus.

· Possibly the solution to this mystery lies in the bonding relationship between the orbital electron and the nucleus.

· In superconductivity, electrons form “Cooper pairs” which bond together and resonate with the conductor at supercooled temperatures to produce a current flow without resistive loss.

· A similar bonding, between the nucleus and orbital electron is probably why the orbital electron loses no energy over time.

· Thus, the orbital electron flow is probably another type of “Cooper pairing” and resistanceless superconductivity.

So, what is the nature of this super-conductive electron-nucleus pairing? And why does it manifest zero resistance to current flow (electron movement).

· An orbital electron is held in place by centrifugal force provided by the inward radial force from the positive E field of the nucleus.

· Both the orbital electron and the nucleus radiate E & B fields continually, due to their programmed nature.

§ Note: The radiation of E & B fields by a charge particle does not create new energy. Rather, the radiation of E & B fields is the foundation for the existence of Potential Energy. Potential Energy exists as one of the storage forms for energy, i.e. All Energy in the universe exits as either Kinetic or Potential Energy. Thus the existence of the E&B fields radiated by charged particles was present at the beginning of time, has maintained its radiation throughout the ages, and is the basis for the manifestation of Potential Energy. Both Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy sum together to create a constant Universe-Energy-Sum throughout time.

· Because the electron is moving with respect to the Dipole Sea, it is creating an Absolute B field that propagates along with the E field. The B Field created by the electron’s orbital motion is the storage place for inertia.

§ When an electron ionizes it leaves with a tangential momentum equal to its angular momentum.

§ Thus, an EM wave leaves the electron as a photon.

· While the electron is orbiting the nucleus in an undisturbed manner, there is no work being done by the orbital electron, nor is it losing energy to do work.

· Work may be done by the orbital electron’s B field (such as in the case of a permanent magnet being moved past a coil and generating a current). But, this work can only be done by applying force on the magnet (the atom), and forcefully moving the magnetic field from the atom through the coil. No energy can be extracted from the magnetic field or the orbital electron to do any work.

· And, the same is true regarding the work done on the electron as it orbits the nucleus. Once the electron is captured, it has a certain quantum of angular momentum associated with that orbit. The definition of momentum is the property of a mass in motion, which will continue until a force operates on that mass.

· In the case of the orbital electron, the momentum is angular; and the force holding the electron in orbital motion is the E field of the nucleus. The nucleus does no work to hold the electron in orbit. Rather, the nucleus & orbital electron merely continue to emit an E field, which is a God-given property of these charged particles (i.e. the electron and positron). The two interact in such a way as to create a stable relationship which has its own field (the B field of the orbital electron). It is this field which in turn is the medium for interacting with other particles to create a potential energy possibility of movement, or a kinetic energy manifestation of movement.