Countries in which people eat a lot of salt-cured, smoked, and nitrite-cured foods have a high prevalence of cancer of the stomach and esophagus.

nitrates(inc risk of CA)

____virus is frequently associated with several cancers

eppstein-barr

HIV, Autoimmune diseases, and immunosuppression are all associated with CA

info only

Clinical CBE

Self SBE exams

q3y

monthly @ 20 y.o

colonscopy when to get

every 10 years for men and women

Flexible sigmoidoscopy

q5y

PSA and digital rectal examination (DRE

annually at age 50

pap screenings

Begin 3 years after first sex or at age 21, which ever is sooner, annually. At age 30, if all have been normal, start every 3 year schedule. At age 70 or after hysterectomy and there are no signs of CA, stop the screening.

what test is used after a cancer treatment to check results

CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen)

what must Rn remember in r/t CEA?

Developing fetus will cause a false-positive, and many cancers do not produce this protein and give a false negative

what might UA show in CA

Bence Jones protein, melanin

what CEA level may mean CA?
normal HCG
normal psa

>10
5-25
0-4

what happens to platelets in CA?

decrease

a tumor that arises from the sympathetic nervous system. Most common form of extra-cranial solid tumor of childhood. Tumor formed of embryonic ganglion cells, primarily in the pediatric population

Neuroblastoma

describes the situation where the number of neutrophils in the blood is too low

Neutropenia

neutrophils fight what type infection

bacterial

Massive amts of _____ can aggravate, but normal amts are good for CA.

carrots

not enough platelets

Thrombocytopenia

increase in new cells that results from a stimulus, reversible once the stimulus is removed. Normal growth

Hyperplasia

conversion of a cell from highly specialized to less specialized

Metaplasia

lower degree of cell differentiation (ie. less like tissue of origin)

Anaplasia

or Malignant growth of new cells that doesnÕt remove when the stimulus is removed

Neoplasia

bizarre cell growth that causes cells to be different in shape, size or arrangement than cells from the same type of tissue. May be reversible

Dysplasia

High dose chemotherapy or radiotherapy aimed at destroying any residual cancer cells but which at the same time destroys the patient's own bone marrow and therefore requires stem cell rescue.