Abstract. This paper suggests to enhance the concept of tool tips by presenting translucent preview bitmaps. The basic idea is to give the user a preview of what would happen when a certain operation is invoked. We have implemented two prototypes to evaluate the concept. One provides WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) tool tips for documents...

Abstract. This paper suggests to enhance the concept of tool tips by presenting translucent preview bitmaps. The basic idea is to give the user a preview of what would happen when a certain operation is invoked. We have implemented two prototypes to evaluate the concept. One provides WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) tool tips for documents and applications on the desktop. The second one is an application that provides previews of dialogs while browsing through the menu. Initial experience shows that this can provide a benefit for the user as she or he sees what is going to happen rather than only providing feedback on what has happened. This is in particular of interest to actions that can not be undone. 1 Minimize

Abstract. This paper investigates novel ways to direct computers by eye gaze. Instead of using fixations and dwell times, this work focuses on eye motion, in particular gaze gestures. Gaze gestures are insensitive to accuracy problems and immune against calibration shift. A user study indicates that users are able to perform complex gaze gesture...

Abstract. This paper investigates novel ways to direct computers by eye gaze. Instead of using fixations and dwell times, this work focuses on eye motion, in particular gaze gestures. Gaze gestures are insensitive to accuracy problems and immune against calibration shift. A user study indicates that users are able to perform complex gaze gestures intentionally and investigates which gestures occur unintentionally during normal interaction with the computer. Further experiments show how gaze gestures can be integrated into working with standard desktop applications and controlling media devices. Minimize

The HCI community uses at least four different formulas for Fitts ’ law. Each of them is derived from Shannon’s information theory. This raises the question which formula is wrong and which is right. While the HCI community on the one hand gives free choice for the formula, it demands good statistical values for the evaluation on the other hand....

The HCI community uses at least four different formulas for Fitts ’ law. Each of them is derived from Shannon’s information theory. This raises the question which formula is wrong and which is right. While the HCI community on the one hand gives free choice for the formula, it demands good statistical values for the evaluation on the other hand. From a scientific point of view this situation is not satisfying. Minimize

In this paper, we discuss the use of eye-gaze tracking technology for mobile phones. In particular we investigate how gaze interaction can be used to control applications on handheld devices. In contrast to eye-tracking systems for desktop computers, mobile devices imply several problems like the intensity of light for outdoor use and calibratio...

In this paper, we discuss the use of eye-gaze tracking technology for mobile phones. In particular we investigate how gaze interaction can be used to control applications on handheld devices. In contrast to eye-tracking systems for desktop computers, mobile devices imply several problems like the intensity of light for outdoor use and calibration issues. Therefore, we compared two different approaches for controlling mobile phones with the eyes: standard eye-gaze interaction based on the dwell-time method and gaze gestures. Gaze gestures are a new concept, which we think has the potential to overcome many of these problems. We conducted a user study to see whether people are able to interact with applications using these approaches. The results confirm that eye-gaze interaction for mobile phones is attractive for the users and that the gaze gestures are an alternative method for eye-gaze based interaction. Minimize

With a growing number of computer devices around us, and the increasing time we spend for interacting with such devices, we are strongly interested in finding new interaction methods which ease the use of computers or increase interaction efficiency. Eye tracking seems to be a promising technology to achieve this goal. This thesis researches int...

With a growing number of computer devices around us, and the increasing time we spend for interacting with such devices, we are strongly interested in finding new interaction methods which ease the use of computers or increase interaction efficiency. Eye tracking seems to be a promising technology to achieve this goal. This thesis researches interaction methods based on eye-tracking technology. After a discussion of the limitations of the eyes regarding accuracy and speed, including a general discussion on Fitts ’ law, the thesis follows three different approaches on how to utilize eye tracking for computer input. The first approach researches eye gaze as pointing device in combination with a touch sensor for multimodal input and presents a method using a touch sensitive mouse. The second approach examines people’s ability to perform gestures with the eyes for computer input and the separation of gaze gestures from natural eye movements. The third approach deals with the information inherent in the movement of the eyes and its application to assist the user. The thesis presents a usability tool for recording of interaction and gaze activity. It also describes algorithms for reading detection. All approaches present results based on user studies conducted with prototypes developed for the purpose. Minimize

Abstract. In this paper, we show how to use the combination of eye-gaze and a touch-sensitive mouse to ease pointing tasks in graphical user interfaces. A touch of the mouse positions the mouse pointer at the current gaze position of the user. Thus, the pointer is always at the position where the user expects it on the screen. This approach chan...

Abstract. In this paper, we show how to use the combination of eye-gaze and a touch-sensitive mouse to ease pointing tasks in graphical user interfaces. A touch of the mouse positions the mouse pointer at the current gaze position of the user. Thus, the pointer is always at the position where the user expects it on the screen. This approach changes the user experience in tasks that include frequent switching between keyboard and mouse input (e.g. working with spreadsheets). In a user study, we compared the touch-sensitive mouse with a traditional mouse and observed speed improvements for pointing tasks on complex backgrounds. For pointing task on plain backgrounds, performances with both devices were similar, but users perceived the gaze-sensitive interaction of the touch-sensitive mouse as being faster and more convenient. Our results show that using a touch-sensitive mouse that positions the pointer on the user’s gaze position reduces the need for mouse movements in pointing tasks enormously. Keywords: Eye-tracking, eye-gaze pointing, touch-sensitive mouse, MAGIC pointing. Minimize

In this paper we describe an audience voting system which can be used for all kinds of judged sport events like diving, synchronised swimming, gymnastics, and ice-skating. The basis of the system is cameras, which are fixed to the ceiling. Each camera can cover approximately 1000 spectators of the audience. The image processing software recognis...

In this paper we describe an audience voting system which can be used for all kinds of judged sport events like diving, synchronised swimming, gymnastics, and ice-skating. The basis of the system is cameras, which are fixed to the ceiling. Each camera can cover approximately 1000 spectators of the audience. The image processing software recognises the judging, displayed by boards from every individual spectator. The cost of the solution is quite low, because we need less than 20 cameras for an audience of up to 15,000 spectators and you can use them for surveillance purposes, too. Author Keywords Audience voting system, image processing, Olympic Minimize

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate how to use future interaction technologies to enhance learning technologies. We examine in detail how tracking the mouse pointer and observing the user’s gaze can help to monitor the use of web applications and in particular E-learning applications. To improve learning and teaching, it is of interest to un...

Abstract. In this paper, we investigate how to use future interaction technologies to enhance learning technologies. We examine in detail how tracking the mouse pointer and observing the user’s gaze can help to monitor the use of web applications and in particular E-learning applications. To improve learning and teaching, it is of interest to understand in what order and to what extent users read texts, how much time they spend on individual parts of the teaching materials, and where they get stuck. Based on a standard web browser as an application platform, extended with a gaze tracking facility, we conducted studies to explore the feasibility of this novel approach. The concept includes an extension of current technologies to allow JavaScript code running in the browser to access the current gaze position of the user. Our work shows how pieces of web technology and eye gaze tracking can be put together to create a new platform for E-learning that provides additional benefits for learners and teachers. Minimize

Personal identification numbers (PINs) are one of the most common ways of electronic authentication these days and used in a wide variety of applications, especially in ATMs (cash machines). A non-marginal amount of tricks are used by criminals to spy on these numbers to gain access to the owners’ valuables. Simply looking over the victims ’ sho...

Personal identification numbers (PINs) are one of the most common ways of electronic authentication these days and used in a wide variety of applications, especially in ATMs (cash machines). A non-marginal amount of tricks are used by criminals to spy on these numbers to gain access to the owners’ valuables. Simply looking over the victims ’ shoulders to get in possession of their PINs is a common one. This effortless but effective trick is known as shoulder surfing. Thus, a less observable PIN entry method is desirable. In this work, we evaluate three different eye gaze interaction methods for PINentry, all resistant against these common attacks and thus providing enhanced security. Besides the classical eye input methods we also investigate a new approach of gaze gestures and compare it to the well known classical gaze-interactions. The evaluation considers both security and usability aspects. Finally we discuss possible enhancements for gaze gestures towards pattern based identification instead of number sequences. Minimize