CHAPTER – III

3.0 Introduction
Bangladesh is largely an agricultural country and land is the principal
wealth in the
rural society. Majority of the population are engaged in agricultural
occupation and
agriculture related occupation .In the current millennium at the peak
of human civilization
most of the countries are rushing towards postindustrial technology
based modern society,
we, the people of Bangladesh are far behind with that of the
developed countries of the
modern age. Majority of the population is the inhabitants of rural
society where investorconsumer
relationship is well entranced to evaluate the development of the
whole
motherland we have to pay a specific and sympathetic view to these
irony-fated poor
villages.
The word we know ‘Gram’ as an ethnic grouping of partial members
of the
society. It is a community all together with diverse ethnicity. The
pastoral part possesses a
more or less sole culture of their own with a diverse mind-set, custom
and conviction. In
order to be aware of the Gram we have to ascertain and gain
knowledge from the people of
the Gram and find our feet to their life style.

3.1 Creation of North Bahir Kamta KamtaHistory and Nomenclature
To get the idea about the village we need to know the background of
the village.
The village we were assigned to conduct our PRA (Participatory Rural
Appraisal) was
named North Bahir Kamta. While conducting the PRA of the assigned
village, we have felt
the importance to learn the history of the name of the village.
Majority of the residents of
the village do not have any clear idea about history of the village
accept few elderly people
and some of them who had strong ancestral strings had a hazy view
regarding this fact.

While conducting PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal), we tried to get
this information
from various respondents from that village and also from different
people from different
age group.
The villagers told us that in Pakistan period the village was under in
Dhaleshori river.
At the time passed there raised an island on the river and day by day
people started to
established their houses on the island.
The main village is “Kamta”. The village fells under Dhankora Union,
Shaturia
Thana and North side of Maikganj District. It is an old village which is
thought to be exists
for more than 35 years. All of its inhabitants are Muslims. It’s a
beautiful village with the
river Dhalesshore flowing nearby. Our assigned village situated
outside of the Kamta village.
That’s why the villagers called Bahir Kamta.There are two parts of
Bahir Kamta one of them
is North Bahir Kamta and other one is South Bahir Kamta.We worked
on North Bahir
Kamta.

3.2 Mapping of North Bahir Kamta Village

Village Mapping is a technique that helps a team to learn about the
social structure of a
community and how differences among households to land and other
asset holdings and
access to difference services to identify groups and social categories.
It also identifies the
location of homesteads, different streets, schools, markets, shops,
ponds, mosques, rivers;
crop field’s etc. social map is also useful as an introduction to
discussing inequalities and
social problems.
Through the help of P.R.A. technique, we have been able to generate
enough
feedback from the villagers to construct the village map. This was our
first step in P.R.A.
building. Village map includes the overall picture of the Gram with its
geographical data.
Our study area North Bahir Kamta Village is in the Saturia Thana of
Manikganj
District. To collect the data for our report we have used the following
techniques, which are

The PRA team
should make the environment in such a way that the villagers feel
themselves more
important.3 Techniques of village mapping
3. Thus.
3. So. it is important that by building a good relationship
with the villagers an
exact map can be extracted from the villagers.
4) While walking through in the village.3. The team
members should behave with the people in such a way that. Another concept exists
there.
its natural resources.
the villagers will
feel free to share information. we should carefully observe
the surroundings: like
. surroundings etc. When we went to the
village.
2) We should ask the villagers from which direction we will get a clear
idea about the village.
other people will make him correct. Village Mapping
2. This is because one man can
do several mistakes. The place should be
such that more people can sit together. open place where the selected villager will draw his village
map.
We can construct relationship with the villagers by the following ways:
1) We should make relationship with the villagers by talking with them
while walking
through the village. they do not feel uncomfortable and do not hesitate to share
the feeling with the
PRA team.3.2 Rapport building
Building relationship with the villagers is called rapport building.1 Site selection
We used PRA techniques to draw the maps. we have to select a
clean. Village Transect
Map Of Bangladesh
N
WE
S
Map Of Manikganj
Village Map Of North Bahir Kamta
3. This is a major aspect of PRA
technique. they do
not know anything and
the villagers are teaching them.explained in details later:
1.
3) We should ask the villagers in a several formatted questions.

how the land is used. Mr. It should be finalized by
the PRA team by
asking them to symbolize (using colored chalk powder) the different
resources like school. if there is
any school or not. which
are unfamiliar. They had drawn the
map on the
courtyard and we copied it to a page.4 Overview of North Bahir Kamta village
. So. An interesting thing
happened. firms.
5) We should ask the villagers the name of the trees or crops. market. Kuddus and others. Our instructors
told us about it before but it was a personal experience for us that
whenever we asked them
something about their village they at first they talked among
themselves and then gave their
statement. pond or any mosque or
any graveyard is there. Torab. government office.
mosque.
3.
6) After finishing the transect walk.
In brief. we should write all the data in a
tabular form. After returning to
Chittagong we drew the
map again and it is submitted with the report. if there is any tube-well.
canals and other social aspects. house type. Then we asked them where is
the mosque. They all talked at a high pitched voice and it seemed they
were all talking to them
selves and nobody could follow them. Then we drew it in PROSHIKA
and the next day we
cross checked the maps with the help of the villagers and corrected
them.3. The people who
helped us are Mr. ponds. if so then where it is and so on. and the place
was open and
clear. Then we gathered some people and with the help of them we
started to draw the map.3 Drawing the map
The villager draws the map on the ground.
3. Then we told them that we wanted
to know about their
village map. one of them took a stick and started to draw the main
road of the village as
there is only one main road in village usually.
mills.
At last we selected the place which is besides of a pond. sub road. And then
we should reconfirm it by the villagers. main road.
We introduced ourselves to them. we should keep our eyes open.

Not only does North Bahir Kamta have a moderately good water
resources system for
irrigation and food resources. This inflow of income enables few families to live a
moderately comfortable
life. There are no
health care facilities or pharmacy in the village. It also has a river that
stretches from North of
the village. North Bahir Kamta is not very resourceful and
it has a little area of
land with a good variety of resources ecology. The economic
condition of the village is a
sustainable one as most men folk are farmer.5 Synopsis of North Bahir Kamta village
Name of the village
District
Thana
Union
Post office
Area
Total Population
Voter
Literacy Rate
Religion
Total Number of house
Total Number of household
Number of total School
Hospital
Mosque
Electricity
Gas
NGOs:
GOs:
. which provide water
for irrigation purposes. The villagers have strong communal
feelings. The
village covers
an area of 35 acor. Such a resource provides benefit to the villagers of North
Bahir Kamta. daily labor or migrant
workers living in the
cities or abroad. There are
other water facilities such as a deep tube-well. The study findings also revealed that
North Bahir Kamta is a
more or less developing village. The entire village falls under the Dhankora Union
in Saturia Thana and
topology is plain land.North Bahir Kamta is situated in the northern part of Manikgonj.
3.

3.
The study findings also revealed that North Bahir Kamta is a more or
less developing village.2 Roads and Communication
The main road of North Bahir Kamta is not large.
3. Such a resource provides benefit to the villagers of
North Bahir Kamta. So the overall production price of the
crops increases. There are no health care
facilities or pharmacy
in the village. we found
some houses which
walls and floor are made by muddy. But all of them houses are
situated on high places
because in rainy season the village is affected by flood. The economic condition of the village is a sustainable
and almost all of them
are farmers.3. college or madrasa in our village. wall by bamboo stick and floor by mud. We found
some
brick built house.
The villagers have strong communal feelings. Villages said
that they have made
their roof by tin.7. one is Kala chan’s house (Judge of the village)
and another one is
. By the
changing of government the
school was closed because of the foreign help was stopped by the
government. so the
truck cannot
enter inside the village and the farmers have to pay high price to
higher rickshaw and van to
take there crops to the market.7. but most of the houses are tin-shaded.7Landmarks and resources of North Bahir Kamta
village
Our village is not very resourceful but it has a little area of land with a
good fertility .7. Three
years ago there
was a primary school which was directed by Proshika.1 School/college/madrasa
At present there is no School.But
there is no pond in our village. North Bahir Kamta also has a river
that is situated in the
Eastern side.
3.3 House type
We found there were several types of houses in our village. After that
some student of this school goes to Kamta Government primary school
and some of them
were stop reading. it is kacha. There are
two concrete made
floors in our village.

and “Supari or Boroi" trees.Torab Ali’s house. Villagers said that people graves finishing to their
room's floor by
mixing water with little amount of cow dung. Students are easily goes to town for their
higher study and the
opportunities of business also increased. rickshaw van. Villagers also have the
rooms for cattle's in
front of their houses.7. which they use as the drawing room of their houses. onion. Villagers go there to say their prayer. Villagers said that in their houses
they have palm. The DhakaAricha highway is mainly used as the route to the town from the
village.6 Communication and Transports
There is only one way to get into the village. The upper layer is "Etel" soil.5 Mosque
There is no mosque in our village.
3. baby-taxis. The sources
for communication
with Manikgonj are rickshaws.sugar and many of their necessary things. which is through the
Saturia main road.
bicycle.7.
date.
Chocolate. buses and
tempo.4 Shop
There is only one tin shed shop in the middle of the village. which is
situated beside
of our village.bread.
chips. This road improved
villager’s life slandered. But there is one mosque. coconut. they have stocked their strand here.
3. ginger .7.
3. which is a big
pot is made of mud. Most
of the households
have straw in front of their houses.
The communication system of the village is not very good. They
some trees here as well as.
The villagers buy their daily essential things from this shop. It helps her to work in his
house and shop both.
Some villagers may have two or more houses in their propriety. Van. tea . Biscuit. potato. They cattle's are fed in "Chari". rickshaw. According to the villager this
road was build in six
. motorcycle and other light vehicles are used for
communication. They
are one room for
"Kachari ghar. This soil is
very hard. This shop
is beside of
owner’s residence and with the main road. The floor is made with
the lower layer of
the soil and it is "Bele" soil.

The villagers
use river water for
their irrigation and daily use.
deep-tube-well.
3. which they use for irrigation. household and domestic
purposes. The villagers
use the water from the well for drinking.Almost every house has its own it’s own
tube well. and villagers can also find
enough rickshaw.7. Balir
Ghat(part of
Dholesshori) and tube well. Almost every
house has their own hold to put all the wastes.7 Sources of water
The main water sources of this village is Dholesshori river.7. baby-taxi.
3. This sandy loamy soils are blown by the
river for long
. But from the
Saturia there are bus service available. So the overall production price of the crops
increases. Their
development efforts have
created a revolution of rising expectation of people for better life.
better well being.to eight years ago.9 Soil Type
The types of soil we found in the village are sandy loam. so the truck
cannot enter inside
the village and the farmers have to pay high price to higher rickshaw
and van to take there
crops to the market. But during rainy season the kacha rasta of the village get
really messy.
The main road of the village is not large. The other source of waters areShallow tube-well. They also use
Dholesshori and Balir Ghat for
their and their domestic animal bath. Not
everywhere. This communication is indicating that the revolution that is
taking place in the grass
root level in the form of chronological change due to political
modernization and gradually
increasing activities of the NGO’s after the Liberation War. The
river plays an important role for this fertility of the land.8 River
The village has a river “Dholesshori” which is important river of
Bangladesh. but in
some places the soil is of clay. it is muddy.7. even in
completely isolated villages. And the improvement of communication system
started after the flood of
1988. tempo.
3.

mango.
3.7. we
can say that the
‘pricing’ of the crops. They also use chemical
fertilizers for good production of crops.
3. They are twenty. There are
no Aush. Spinach. Aman
and Boro. Kalizira.
The villagers grows only IRRI paddy through out the year. Brinjle.
farmers get seeds. B11. The villagers are very happy
with the
production capability of the land. For irrigation they use
deep tube well which is called ‘Shallow machine’ by them. Most of the lands are paddy lands. Like coconut.
such as potato. vegetables and spices follow the simple
economic principle of supply
and demand. Nazarshail. The prices are high when demand for a particular crop
exceeds its supply and
vice versa. That’s
why other crops could not grow in that land.11 Trees
Different types of trees are found all over in the village.7. The most common crop is mustard and tobacco. There are many different types in IRRI. Bean pumpkins. In North Bahir Kamta village.
The major advantage for the farmers in North Bahir Kamta is that all
of their
cultivatable land is located at one side of the village. Bitlob. Pumpkin.
Tobacco is profitable
because it does not need any pesticide more over the paddy is given
by Tobacco Company.
But now farmers not interested to grow tobacco because it decreased
fertility of land. watermelon.
Rajvog. They also grow winter
crops like Rabi Shashwa.times. China Irri etc. jam.
fertilizer and pesticides from their nearest “Proshika” NGO
organization and also from
other external sources. Varda. Therefore it is
easier for them to supply
water to the lands in the dry season.10 Agriculture and Cultivation
As the most of the villagers are farmers.
Paddy is grown here vastly. spices etc in the
winter season. The soil is famous for its fertility. Almost every
household has
. Papaw etc are mostly seen.
beans.
banana. Their land is very fertile. which allows them to
produce crops and
vegetables throughout the year. so they are grown paddy in a large number. jackfruit. Gourt. There are various types of fruits that are available
in the village all the year round.
After analyzing the seasonal timing of growing crops in village.

The
economic
condition of the village is a sustainable and almost all of them are
farmers. Guava. Date. They also meet the necessity
for the firewood of the
villagers.
Eucalyptus.
Jackfruit. "Ata". Epil
epil. Pitasorai. The villagers use the water from the well
for drinking and also
domestic purposes. "Golapjam". as
. Lichi. But only the women have to
follow this concept. "jamrul". Shimul and
Banyan tree etc are mostly seen. Almost every house has their own hold to put all
the wastes. Shishu. Otherwise they have to depend on some
doctors whose camber
and dispensary is in Bazaar. Lemon. Star-fruit.
We found many bamboo bushes that are used in household walls and
villagers also
can earn money by selling it in the Hut.several trees. Papaw.
There used to be bushes
and jungles in the village. The health condition of the people whose
economic condition is
quite good is better than whose economic condition is poor.. Shall. The trees along the side of the main road are SHISHU. Mahogany. The
sanitary system is good and
there are very few non-sanitary latrines in the village. "Boroi". The villagers lead
a bit comfortable.
3. Almost the
whole village is aware of family planning. sometimes hard life. "Dalim". Villagers have
go to the
Sadar for better treatment. "Shupari". These trees are a
good source of earnings for the villagers.
'Kotbel". Almost every
house has its own it’s
own arsenic free tube well.
Devdaru.
There is no Hospital and Health Center into the village. But now most of it has turn in to
agricultural land. The small homestead forests are Palm. contain near Tulsi. Mango. Coconut. Karoi. Most of the homestead also
contains may jack fruits
tree which are used for making furniture from these villagers also can
lot of money.7. Banana.12 Healthcare Center
There are no health care facilities or pharmacy in the village. Bamboo. Berry.
Rain Tree. Most of the houses have bamboo
bushes at the back of
their houses.
“Amra". olive.

Mayna.
“Dhora”.
pills (Femicon. Kingfisher.7.8 . “Dudhraj”. % No. ducks and dogs
are the
domestic animals of the village.a big places where exchange takes place
between sellers and
buyers. Bulbul.
Mother comes here for routine check-up.
The others animals are buffaloes. hens. owl. The family planning items are likecondom (Raja. There are also have different types of
small and big and
poisonous snakes like “Sutanali”.
But in big case
they go to Jannar haat.7.
Pan kowri. A village hut is a large gathering of the village people Haat
generally sits at an open
place on the skirt of a village by the side of a river or a canal or a
road. ghughu. “Pangkhiraj”
etc. Maya) are available there. jackal.
They don’t have hens and ducks so much because these domestic
animals make their house
dirty which hampers their prayer.13 Haat and Bazar
The definition of haat is. One is a big bazaar and another is a haat
named “Jannar haat”
The villagers go to Gollara bazar for buy their daily essential things.14 Birds
In our village there are different types of birds we seen.
3. Sparrow. Shalik.
3. But Muslim are use to have all types
of domestic animals.
cock. We found their two
types of village market.1 Age and Sex Distribution of Study Population
Male Female Age Groups
No. cuckoo. Stocks. Nirapod). goats
and sheep.
Parrot.8 Basic Demographical information of North Bahir
Kamta
3. “Daraish”. pea cock etc. Doel. This center manly deals
with baby and their mother. horse.7. %
0-10 13 11% 11 9%
. 3.the men do not like to follow this. “Gokhro”.
3.
3.1 8 Age and Sex Distribution of Study Population
Table: 1.15 Animals
In our village most of the houses have domestic animal of cows.They are
Pigeon.

12 4.87 2.12 17.94
35-39 5.45 94.00 15-19 100.18 83.7 Religion
All of the villagers are Muslims.8.18 93.36 1.63 4.23 0.65 1.15
40-44 3.23 43.97
70-74 9.05
50-54 3.17 1.83 95.35 4.64
60-64 2.66 1.22 91.78 94.69 2.72 7.10 5.35
30-34 11.67 91.
Parents want to make their
children educated.67 67.41 2.68 2.87 5.69 72.83
45-49 2.66 2.32 45. 2000.44 0.41 82. They perform their usual religious
activities without
any barriers.82 24.89 0.09 91. It is because the parents are given compensation
from the government if
they let their children to study up to the primary level.86 3.
3.80 91.25
10-14 100.95 2.99 80.04 6.00 .32 23.60 1.94 35.100.22 0.85
55-59 2.84
Source: BBS Report.27 60.8. So that 75% of
people of North Bahir
.79 42.34 10.46 96.36 54.Never
Married
Currently
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
Never
Married
Currently
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
Total 47.27 49.34
65-69 4.15 63.58 50.55 1.93 8.54 1..42 2.74 82.00 .15
20-24 74.93 92.8 Literacy
In the village of North Bahir Kamta the literacy rate is very good and
it increasing
day by day.18 30.60.84 14..52 87.98 1.
3.03
25-29 35. Though there is no school in the village but children’s go
another village school
which is one or one and half kilometer far from the their village.13 51.34 30.

..
They are
offer for micro credit. 1 1 . The
oldest person of the village named Kala Chan and Torab Ali are
present there and give the
solutions..
They are creating
consciousness for the education among the villagers. Since
1986 PROSHIKA is
developing their different activities in Koitta village life. % No..
3. Grameen Bank..C) 3 2 1 4..0 1 1 5 4
S.
agriculture and many
other... mass education. % No.S. Students are given all kind of books pencils and
other necessaries from
the school.. They give loan
and job facilities to the
villagers.Kamta are literate. These organizations are giving message on education.. their health conditions and
hygiene.7 Educational Background:
Currently Student Non-student
Male Female Male Female
Educational Background
No. financial
condition etc. economical. Interesting things is that the girls also go school as well as
boys.Masters .S.9 Administration and Laws
Basically there is no administration in North Bahir Kamta. % No.
The NGOs have field worker for the village for help and inspection
whether the
villagers are really getting their services. health...2 2 .C... %
Primary 6 5 7 6 3 2 1 1
Secondary (Non S..
For example activities regarding social.8.Graduation . 2005. ASA in the village.Source: Field Survey. ..
.H.C.8. At the
entrance point of
the village there is a police box..10 Roles of NGO
There are NGOs like PROSHIKA. Polices are guard whole night but in
day time they don’t.
Table : 1.. For
any kind of problem solving people announced a meeting which is
called “Bichar”.S. education.
POSHIKA has one of the successful project is Koitta village..
3.

12 Recreation
The general meeting place for the men is the bazaar.
Folk song narrates the common social practice. So the
sources of ancient means of entertainment are going to be extinct
now.
3. norms and history in
local language.
Skill Development training
Workshop to help the communication development. But
the females are not
allowed to come here and enjoy the circus. It is because the
.
Most of the families are
nuclear and it is increasing. the main source of entertainment is TV.8.
People from nearby
villages come and takes part in the fair. Some time woman use to watch TV
after finishing
their housework.Removing poor structurally. And for the
women they go
from houses to houses and gossip. Exsmall loan.
Build and save the nature. as the
whole village has electric facility and almost every house has TV
(Black-white). Every year
there sits a fair
in the Kati village. The number of joint families is
decreasing. In the fair circus comes from Dhaka. This fair is taking place for almost 40-50 years.9 Major Findings of the village
There are about 400 to 450 (approx) people residing in the village and
there are about
250 voters in the village.
Different development Education program
Human development training workshop.8.
Developing scope of woman end of income by different activities. Video and
Audios.
Developing the rights of woman in the society.
But now a day. Wood and steel materials are
one of the main
selling materials of this fair.
According to the villagers these are usually sang by the villagers in
different occasions.
3.11 Government Organization
There is Krishi Bank for giving agriculture and project loan. The village has about 60-70 family units.
They have drama and fair in different seasons of the year.
3. Thana
sastho comlplex
which gives family planning accessories and mother and child cares.

They were
in hurry because they have to go field for work. Among those 3 of the families were classified as
Upper.
According to the villagers' opinion these families were divided into
three classes – Upper. Alopathy.
Pani Pora. That’s why the villagers till now for the common diseases
depend on Kobiraj’s.
3. There was no doctor even a
pharmacy in
the village.
Information of total of 25 (twenty five) families were collected for
analysis.
All most all houses have sanitary latrines.
Middle and Lower. for which they cannot afford to stay
in joint families. Not
only that. Most of the villagers are
middle class or
poor. we found some
margins.
We found 80% people of the village were educated.
Some of the old people feel very hesitate. They don’t want to talk. According to the villagers they are quite happy as they are.people of the village are getting more self-centered. They could not give
appropriate
answers of some questions. and homeopathy treatment.
Most of our respondents were young people. It is because the
parents are
given compensation from the government if they let their children to
study up to the
primary level. the villagers were very much busy at that
time.
Overall the villagers were not very well off. According to the
villagers that their
economical condition is not good. the villagers are getting educated and they are growing a
tendency to move to the
towns rather than stay in the village. 15 were of
Middle class and rest was Lower.
. More over we spent only one day for drawing the
village map and one
day for transect map
As we worked at morning. The
limitations we found are stated below:
Time limitation was one of the most important factors because to
build a very good
rapport with the villagers we need to comparatively longer period of
time than we
were allotted.10 Limitations
As we were unfamiliar with this type of research.

poultry and livestock. fish culture. land use pattern. land type.
To get a clear idea about the village and to get primary idea about
the natural
resources. It represents
the structure of the whole village in terms of its components. etc. The
application of the map is
to illustrate the relationship between the different important
components of the village.
To know the differences about the village by seeing and by
knowledge gathered
. types of crops and
some important structures etc. and
then to get primary ideas about the natural resources of the village
like river. The importance of doing transect is
to give a birds
eye view or a view at glance about the physical picture of the village. economical and social resources of a community.11.
3. To do transact
it takes a limited area and within that area we need to describe what
we saw step by step
from our first step to the last. It
depicts a cross
section of an area on which a number of physical arrangements are
recorded. soils.11 Transect Mapping
Transect is micro view of village. trees.2 Objective of village transect
The major objective is to get a general idea about the village and
village people. by talking with the villagers rapport
building is done. They are
mainly topography. etc. soil use problems and solutions.
3.There were some topics such as we asked them about the history of
their village
name.1 Application of Transect Map
The goal of the transect map is to get a micro view of the whole
village. crops and cropping pattern.
The main objectives are:
To know the life style of the village people. lands. But they could not answer accurately.
plantation. vegetation. It
includes generalized soil type. homestead
gardening etc.
3.11. land use homestead forest and
vegetation.
The Transect is a
technique that is directly built upon the village map to help the team
learn more details about
the environmental.
When doing village transact.

wood. walk very slowly. and guava. gourd. types of
crops. observe
everything very carefully
around you.11. Different kinds of vegetables were cultivated like potato.locally. Jackfruit. It’s used for
residence. silk cotton and bamboo tree. types of animals. birds
seen.
To promote the group members about the village by transect. onion.4 Transect walk
We took the south side of our village North Bahir Kamta.
Drawing a rough sketch map of the transect path.
40-60 steps
Here land type was low and soil was sandy loamy. Some trees were beside
in houses like: Jambura.
betel nut.
While walking through the village.
3.
Observing the general structures as far as eyes can see. If we find any problem also note that down.
Asking the villagers what is where. We found some
empty land and
.11. neem.
Asking the villagers the name of the trees and crops which is not
known
Taking notes of what is seen
Summarizing the major features
Finalizing of the map.
20 20-40 steps
These land were high and soil types was sandy loamy.
everything. kadam. Cows and hens were found
there. pupil. We consider
left side of
the road because the left side was resourceful than the right side.
lal shak.
Transect Map Of North Bahir Kamta
3.3 Procedure of vill village transect Map
age At first select the most resourceful way of the village. trees. types of fishes in the ponds. After that we found two double tin shaded houses. soil type and uses.
garlic etc. We also
found some trees like:
palm. and take notes of things like.
Here is the detail
description of the transect walk we have done in there:
0-20 steps
We started our transect walk form cultivable land.
vegetation. It was low land and
soil type was
sandy loamy. coconut. etc. Some
houses were made of straw and some of tin.

eucalyptus and gourd
180 180-200 steps
It was also high land and soil type was loamy. palm and
mango. which is
used as fuel for cooking.
60 60-80 steps
A ditch was found here and soil type was clay.
160 160-180 steps
The one and only shop was situated here.
mustard and tobacco. There were tin shaded
houses and
goats were found in the house. Here land was used for
producing tobacco
and coriander.
3.
.5 Findings from transect walk
We found different variation in this part of transact. After long distance again we
found high
land and soil type was loamy.
No shallow tube well was found for irrigation land. In the next few steps we found another thing. Land was used for
producing
tobacco and IRRI paddy. We saw some trees like banana.100 steps
The land was low land and soil type was sandy loamy. Here land was
used for
producing mustard. There was cow dung side of the road. mango and bamboo
bushes. Bananas.
There were some straw and tin shaded houses. mango. It was using fisheries in
rainy season.some were used for cultivating mustard.
100 100-120 steps
Its also low land and soil type was sandy loamy. Trees like bean.
140 140-160 steps
It was low land and soil type was loamy. the villagers
called it “Dhormosha”
which is one type of straw used as fuel.
papaw. neem. date. We found here
variation in soil. But land was used for
producing corn. Trees were mehegoni. date
and palm were found.
120 120-140 steps
Land and soil type was same as above.11.
80 80. gourds trees
were there and a
shallow machine for irrigation. There were some trees like wood. Tin shaded houses were found here also
some domestic
animals like cow and hen in the house.

trees. coconut etc.11.11. mango. The shop keeper was a woman. tobacco and vegetables all over the year. Only one
house wall made
of bricks and roof was tin.5. This ditch is mainly used
for farming
fish.11. We saw in the village bazaar there was
available fertiliser and
seeds for the farmer.4 Shops
This shop is attached of a house. height etc. Lots of trees were found in back side of
every house. Usually houses were made in high land
because in rainy season
the area is affected by flood.1Residence:
Most of the houses is mainly tin shaded and “do-chala”. that is source of
mosquito. The soil type is mainly clay.2 Cultiv Cultivatable land
atable There was lots of cultivatable land.
3. Its soil type is
sandy loamy and beside of
this land we found some trees like palm. It
helps her to
.5. The problem is that this water is
polluted.11.
3. This land were mainly
used to cultivate rice.
3. According to the villagers we found
different layers of soil in
those parts.5. Regarding those parts we found also some
advantages and disadvantages. Villager
gets a lot of help from
NGO’s like Proshika.
mustered.3 Ditch:
Beside of cultivatable land we found a ditch. We tried to get the characteristics of those different
layers. we can find
different sections
or zone from one end to another.5. Proshika gives training to the villagers about
different cultivation
system and also provide seeds.
If we look at the transact map of North Bahir Kamta. These are:
Residence
Cultivatable land
Ditch
Shops
Bamboo bush
3.
we tried to find out
what kinds of trees are there.
We saw that those particular parts have different sorts of trees there.

13 Solution
While talking to the villagers. As a result
the villagers affect by many diseases.
No educational institution. they told some solutions of their
problems and we
Suggested that these solutions may comfort and easy their life.
.12 Major problems of the village
During study hour we have tried to get information about some major
problems
in the village.work in his house and shop both. This bamboo-bush is
produced for
household.11.
Building one or more educational institution
Ensure electricity for every house.
Insufficient Healthcare facilities. So these
bamboos are the source of earning money for the villager.
Infected Banana plants.
3.
3.
Arrange regular healthcare checkup team of doctors from the city
provided by the
government. It the shop contained daily essential
things.
Reduce air pollution by creating Bio-gas plant. After they meet there needs villagers sell this bamboo in
the haat. Their
suggestions are
given below.
Modem road system and Pacca road with direct connection with the
Dhaka.5.
Building more healthy sanitation system.
There is no telephone or mobile in the village.
Create communication system for example mobile and T&T.
Insufficient electricity.Aricha
highway. The village has some problems like.
Infected Chili plants.bush
We found bamboo-bush back side of a house.
Muddy road and it is not clear.
Arrange scientists and researchers to find out the causes of the
infection in Chili and
Banana fields. The soil
type of this land is loamy.5 Bamboo Bamboo.
There is no Gas or bio-gas plant.
3. That’s why air
pollution due to the burning of cooking.

But the most important
aspect of this section was
the initial course of rapport building that we went through during
these first few days. We got an idea of their lifestyle. That means
what they think they can
do. We learned many interesting facts.3.
economy and other
aspects.
which helped us carry out the later sections of the study.14 Ending marks
The primary study of the village and the construction of the village
and transect map
gave us an overview. which seemed to attract us all. was that they are not
superstitious and fanatic.
. hay just do it without breaking other’s peace.
They believe on their own capabilities rather than fate. We got a
lot of information. We got both
a macro and micro
view of the village. demographics.
One thing. a rough idea of the village as a whole. That’s why I think
village environment as
well as society is so calm and quiet.