Nowadays ROBOTS are very useful because of their high-level performance and reliability and which is a great help for human beings, and even many industries use robots. In today’s world ROBOTICS are fast growing and interesting field so we decide to work on the robotic project and make something which will make human life simple in today’s world.

This project is based on Arduino microcontroller, This robotic vehicle has the following feature:

Obstacle avoidance

This robot consists of built-in intelligence to cover an area around it. It uses ultrasonic sensors (i.e work on the principle of sound waves) which are used to sense the obstacle coming in the path of the robot. The robot will sense the obstacle and move in a particular direction and be avoiding the obstacle which is coming in its path.

DESIGN OF PROJECT:

This diagram consists of following main blocks:

Ultrasonic sensors (HC-SR04).

Arduino UNO.

Motor driver (L298N).

DC motors.

OVERVIEW OF EACH BLOCK:

ULTRASONIC SENSOR (HC-SR04):

Ultrasonic sensor module provides 2cm – 400cm non-contact measurement function. The module include an ultrasonic transmitter and receiver and control circuit. The basic principle of work:

Using IO trigger of an at least 10us high signal.

The module sends automatically eight 40KHz pulses and detects whether there is a pulse signal back.

If the signal back, through high level, time of high output IO duration is the time from sending ultrasonic to returning.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF ULTRASONIC SENSOR:

1) ARDUINO UNO:

This is the most important block of the whole system. Arduino UNO is basically a microcontroller and it is the decision making a logical device which has its own I/O ports, CPU embedded on a single chip.

2) Motor driver (L293D):

L298n is a driver IC which is used to drive left and right motors of the ROBOT. It is H-Bridge DC Motor controller, for controlling the rotation direction, we just need to inverse the direction of the current flow through the motor, and the most common method of doing that is by using an H-Bridge. An H-Bridge circuit contains four switching elements, transistors or MOSFETs, with the motor at the center forming an H-like configuration. By activating twoparticular switches at the same time we can change thedirection of the current flow, thus change the rotation direction of the motor.

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