Background: Prospective studies have consistently reported lower colorectal cancer risks associated with higher intakes of
total dairy products, total milk and dietary calcium. However, less is known about whether the inverse associations vary for
individual dairy products with differing fat contents.
Materials and Methods: In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), ...

Background
The association of reproductive factors with hormone receptor (HR)-negative breast tumors remains uncertain.
Methods
Within the EPIC cohort, Cox proportional hazards models were used to describe the relationships of reproductive factors (menarcheal age, time between menarche and first pregnancy, parity, number of children, age at first and last pregnancies, time since last full-term ...

The etiology of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is only partially understood, but a metabolic component appears likely. We investigated biomarkers of one-carbon metabolism and RCC onset and survival.
Methods The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) recruited 385747 participants with blood samples between 1992 and 2000, and this analysis included 556 RCC case-control pairs. ...

Background:<br>Copper and zinc are essential micronutrients and cofactors of many enzymatic reactions that may be involved in liver-cancer development. We aimed to assess pre-diagnostic circulating levels of copper, zinc and their ratio (Cu/Zn) in relation to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD) and gall bladder and biliary tract (GBTC) cancers.<br>Methods:<br>A nested ...

Background:
Ovarian cancer early detection markers CA125, CA15.3, HE4, and CA72.4 vary between healthy women,
limiting their utility for screening.
<br>Methods:
We evaluated cross-sectional relationships between lifestyle and reproductive factors and these markers
among controls (
n
= 1910) from a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into
Cancer and Nutrition ...

Background: Reproductive events are associated with important physiologic changes, yet little is known about
how reproductive factors influence long-term health in women. Our objective was to assess the relation of reproductive
characteristics with all-cause and cause-specific mortality risk.
<p>Methods: The analysis was performed within the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition ...

Background<br>
Life expectancy is increasing in Europe, yet a substantial proportion of adults still die prematurely before the age of 70 years. We sought to estimate the joint and relative contributions of tobacco smoking, hypertension, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol and poor diet towards risk of premature death.<br>
Methods<br>
We analysed data from 264,906 European adults from the ...