Improving Health and Safety in Massachusetts Beauty Salons Training developed for the Massachusetts Division of Professional Licensure Board of Cosmetology.

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Presentation on theme: "Improving Health and Safety in Massachusetts Beauty Salons Training developed for the Massachusetts Division of Professional Licensure Board of Cosmetology."— Presentation transcript:

1 Improving Health and Safety in Massachusetts Beauty Salons Training developed for the Massachusetts Division of Professional Licensure Board of Cosmetology Inspectors Fall 2005By the Massachusetts Healthy Cosmetology Committee(Toxics Use Reduction Institute and the Department of Work Environment University of Massachusetts Lowell, MA Division of Occupational Safety, MA Department of Public Health, Pioneer Valley Project)

3 Overview Introduction Chemicals and Health Information and ProtectionToxics Use ReductionRegulationsSummary and Questions

4 Discussion Why do you inspect salons?What do you inspect for?What two or three conditions are the mark of a clean and safe salon?Who is served by the BOC and its inspectors?How do you communicate with those you serve?How do you protect the public’s health?What do you think about the odors, chemicals and air quality in salons?

5 Chemicals and Health What’s an example of a chemical hazard in salons?Toxic vs. HazardousWho is potentially affected by chemicals in salons?Salon owners and workersFamily membersCustomersEmployees and residents near salonsInspectorsEnvironmental effects via water, waste and air

7 Forms of chemicals Aerosols: particles suspended in airDusts and mists (ex. Nail dust, hair spray)Smaller particles go deeper and cause more diseaseVapors: gas over a liquid (ex. Ammonia)Commonly called “fumes”The more volatile (easily evaporated into the air) the greater the concentration of the vapor in the airThe higher the temperature, the more in the airGases (ex. Steri-Dry)Liquids (ex. Barbicide)Bulk products (ex. hair dye)

21 Effective prevention strategyPrevention at the source(substitution, elimination)Prevention in the pathway(local exhaust ventilation)Prevention at the person(gloves and masks, training)

22 Prevention at the sourceReduces or prevents exposureVia all routes (skin, breathing)All the time (regular use, bulk chemical handling, cleaning up spills, busy periods)Without relying on people to be able to follow directions, read in EnglishFor all people (including sensitive ones) and the environment (doesn’t shift risk)May be difficult to make happen

24 Prevention in the pathGeneral exhaust ventilation or dilution ventilationBrings in fresh air, exhausts bad air via HVAC, open doors and windowsDoes not prevent exposure, but may lower concentration levelsSome systems may have air cleanersCritical for healthy indoor environment

26 How do we get information about chemicals?1983 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard requiresEmployee Right to KnowTrainingMSDS, labelsChemical testing:animal studieshuman studies (workers)

27 MSDS Exercise MSDS stands for Material Safety Data SheetMost important sections are:Ingredients/compositionHazard identification/health hazardsFire and explosion hazardsHandling and storage informationExposure control measuresEvery ingredient and product sold that will be used by someone at work has a MSDS available from the manufacturerSalons must have MSDSs for all products and labels on all products

32 What is TUR? Toxics Use Reduction ConceptMinimization of pollution and hazards from chemical contamination through reduction, elimination, or substitution of the toxics substances at the point where they are produced or used.

33 Toxics Use Reduction TUR is NOT: treatment of toxic wastedilution of toxicstransfer of toxics from one medium to another (soil to water)

34 TUR in Practice TUR involves systems analysis and a planning process:Why is this chemical being used?Is there another method that will negate the need for the chemical?If the activity truly requires chemical use, is there a safer alternative?If no alternatives exist, is the chemical being used efficiently?

38 COMMUNITY TURWhile TUR was developed for a manufacturing-facility focus, the TUR approach can be applied to other areas:Household chemical use.Municipal Operations: DPW garages/facilities, local water treatment plants, state or local building grounds-maintenance, etc.Small businesses: auto body, dry cleaning, food service, hair and nail salons.

41 Why Is TUR Important in Food Establishments?High usage of chemicals: cleaners, degreasers, sanitizers and pesticides in environment, on food (e.g., Victory product)Limited training of workers on safety and handlingThreat to public health through food contaminationThreat to worker through occupational exposureEffect on environmentConflict between sanitation requirements and toxics usage

42 Practices Observed during inspectionsOveruse or inappropriate use of chemicalsUsage of unnecessary chemicalsFailure to dilute: higher exposureNo knowledge of product contents or safety issuesQuestionable application of pesticides (routine, use of foggers)Minimal safety equipment/trainingMSDS not availableNo knowledge of pesticides in use or IPM

45 Integrating TUR Into Food EstablishmentsProvided literature/training-awarenessOngoing reinforcement through inspectionsDeveloped web-based training programDistributed mailing on subject of IPM and toxics controlIntegrated issues into inspection programCarry out extensive inspections with expert on IPMDeveloped model IPM program for food establishmentPassed regulation requiring IPM along model of Children and Families Protection Act

46 Why would Salons want TUR?Emerging Knowledge in Toxics and HealthLack of Product and Toxicity TestingKnown health risks associated with exposure to many chemicalsImpacts at Lower Exposure Levels and Timing of ExposureIncrease in environmentally-related diseasesDisruption of Hormone SystemsReproductive EffectsExposure is ubiquitous. All humans have been exposed, to varying amounts. Some have more exposure. Some have less. But no one has no exposure. No baby has been born for at least three decades without some exposure in the womb. Every person has several hundred novel chemicals in their body, chemicals not part of human body chemistry before the 20th century.Laboratory experiments show that exposures have impacts at levels far lower than had been considered possible in traditional toxicology. The exquisite sensitivity of natural hormonal control to interference by endocrine disruptors will force many changes in regulations, as the current system is inadequate.Many more hormone systems, perhaps all chemically-mediated message systems, are now known to be vulnerable to endocrine disruptors. The study of endocrine disruption began with a focus on compounds capable of mimicking or interfering with estrogen. Now science has revealed disruptors for almost every hormone system that has been studied. This includes other sex steroid hormones, like testosterone and progesterone, as well as thyroid and retinoids.Many more compounds are now known to be powerful endocrine disruptors. This includes contemporary use pesticides and a range of chemicals in widespread use in consumer products. The biggest surprise (except, perhaps, to the polymer chemists who invented them) is that certain plastics show endocrine-disrupting effects.Human health effects of concern now include adult impacts of fetal exposure. This means, for example, that studies attempting to prove an association between adult levels of exposure and adult risk to disease or dysfunction do not test the most important potential links between endocrine disruptors and human health. We need studies of developmental exposure (especially fetal) in relation to risk, examined for all relevant life stages. For example, one of the greatest gaps in breast cancer research is that while many studies examine adult exposure and adult risk, none examine fetal or pubertal exposure and adult risk.Human epidemiology is biased toward false negatives in the search for health effects of endocrine disruption. It will be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, to establish scientific certainty of causation of many health problems in human, even though based on laboratory data it is likely that endocrine disruption is involved in a range of human diseases. Because the animal data demonstrate plausible, serious risks to human healths, this bias toward false negatives (a statistical term that means finding no association when in fact there is one) requires the application of the precautionary principle, using animal data as the guide.

55 Chemical (Product) Substitution Hair Bleaching/LighteningChemicals of ConcernProtinator and activators containing oxidizers such as potassium persulfate and ammonium persulfate can cause respiratory irritation.When ammonium persulfate is heated to speed the bleaching process, it can produce toxic fumes.Hydrogen Peroxide can be a skin irritantHierarcy of Lighteners:Oil Bleaches (mildest)2. Cream Lighteners3. Powder Bleaches*Use bleach without the boosters.*When using boosters, try potassium persulfate boosters instead of ammonium persulfate boosters.Toxic fumes are the decomposition products including sulfur oxides, ammonia, and nitrous oxidesInformation from:Healthy Hairstyling, by Waste Reduction Assistance Program, Alaska Health Project, 4/93Health and Safety for Hair Care and Beauty Professionals, NIOSH draft 2000, written by the Labor Occupational Health Program, School of Public health, University of California with support from the California Sate Board of Barbering and CosmetologyPollution prevention Plan for a Hair Salon, Hawani Berhanu and Tania Mercado, 1997Oil Bleach Mildest, has the least amount of lightening action – for only one or two levels of color lift.Used for the entire head.Shampoo-based product containing hydrogen peroxide and ammonia solution to open the hair cuticle and gently diffuse the melanin. Contains sulfonated oils to slow down the bleaching process.Cream Bleach: Strong enough for pastel blonding but mild enough to be used on scalp.Used for all kinds of lightening services.Similar to Oil Bleaches as it is a shampoo-based product with sulfonated oils, a hydrogen peroxide solution (up to 6%) and ammonia.Uses a protinator or activator that contains an alkali or an oxidizer for extra lightening power.Have an average pH of 10.Powder: Strong enough to do pastel blonding.It is similar to Oil and Cream Bleaches as it contains ammonia and hydrogen peroxide.Here the ammonia is in dry form which begins the oxidation process when it is mixed with the liquid or cream hydrogen peroxide.

58 Improved Operations (Work Practices) Application of Methacrylates Reducing Exposures From VaporsUse a small mouthed dispenserwith a pressure-sensitive stopperand a small opening just largeenough to fit the applicator brushinto and for the applicator tohold the nail liquid.Keep the container closed when not in use.Mix only the amount you need per application.Illustration and information from NIOSH.

59 Improved Operations and MaintenanceDo not eat or drink in application area.Do not store food in chemical storage areas.Do not smoke in application or chemical storage area.Picture from TV Channel 2, CBSAll nails are flammable.

60 Improved Operations and MaintenancePrevent product contact on worker and clients’ skin.No living or sleeping in the salon.Keep all products covered.Keep table free of product residues and dusts.Label all containers.Wash hands between customers and before eating.Picture from TV Channel 2, CBSAll nails are flammable.

61 Improved Operations and Maintenance Managing Vapors from WasteDispose of solution soaked gauze and other cleanup materials in a sealed container or bag.Keep a lid on the trash can and dispose of daily.Picture from clipart.Do no pour excess liquid on table and soak up with cotton gauze as that increases fumes in the air. Exposures were found to be higher when this practice was used and when the waste basket was opened that contained the wet gauze.Information from several NISH reports.

63 BOC Regs Compareda Manicuring is not regulated in Connecticut, though legislation is in legislative committees. No license required for manicure, but cosmetician license (1,500 hrs) for pedicures.b or an 8 month apprenticeshipc or 400 apprenticeship hours.d based on 3 inspectors, 1,206 salons*Continuing education credits are required in Florida (16 hours/per renewal period), Georgia (5), Illinois (10), Indiana (16), Iowa (8), Kentucky (6), Nebraska (8), Ohio (8) and South Carolina (6)e Rhode Island makes reference to state Building Code requirements which may require ventilationf New York says that only chemical mixing areas and eating areas must have ventilation.

64 Environmental RequirementsRI: Section: 18.0 STRUCTURAL, AIR AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS, EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES.1 A shop, place of business or establishment licensed to practice hairdressing and cosmetic therapy, manicuring or esthetics must meet the following structural requirements:.1 the Fire Safety requirements of the State Fire Code;.2 the State Building Code Commission requirements;.3 the local zoning laws; and.4 Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards for air contaminants as published in the Federal Register CFR "Air Contaminants".

65 VT: shop area shall be sufficiently ventilated to exhaust hazardous or objectionable airborne chemicals, and allow the free flow of air;D. Chemical storage and emergency information:shops and facilities shall have, in the immediate working area, a binder with all Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for chemical products used. These are provided by manufacturers;shops and facilities shall have a blood spill clean-up kit;flammable chemicals shall be stored in a flammable storage cabinet or a properly ventilated room; andchemicals which could interact in a hazardous manner (oxidizer, catalysts and solvents) shall be separated in storage.MA: Every salon shall be equipped with proper and adequate lighting and ventilation and kept in clean, orderly and sanitary condition.ME: C. The establishment must be adequately ventilated at all times.NH: (e) Mechanical ventilation shall be provided by a method of supply air and return or exhaust air in all schools and shops, with a minimum exchange rate of 35 cubic feet per minute.(m) The shop or school shall have Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) required by OSHA under 29 CFR (g) for products being used.

66 NYS: §160.25 Chemical storage and MSDS(a) Any chemicals used in the conduct of appearance enhancement shall be mixed only in a dispensing area which has adequate ventilation.(b) Flammable and combustible chemicals shall be stored in a metal cabinet remote from potential sources of ignition, such as an open flame or an electrical device.(c) All nail care chemicals must be stored in closed bottles.(d) An owner have on file all Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for inspection. MSDS must be stored in a metal file accessible to all employees.§ Product labelingIn order to assure the safe provision of services to the public, all products used in the conduct of an appearance enhancement business must be maintained with the original manufacturer labeling intact. All bottles containing poisonous or corrosive substances shall be additionally and distinctly marked as such and shall be stored in an area not open or available to the public.

68 Hazardous Waste RegulationsRegulated by the MA Department of Environmental ProtectionGoverns:The amount and length of time a waste can be stored.How the waste must be stored.Signage for the area and containers.Emergency response.Licensing and Paperwork.Criteria for designing and maintaining the storage area.How waste must be storedThe amount of waste that can be storedThe length of time that it can be storedRecord keeping

70 State Fire RegulationsRegulatory JurisdictionRegulated by the Office of the State Fire Marshal.Enforced locally by the Fire Department.Governs flammable dispensing and storage:Storage equipment.Storage permit and/or license requirements.Emergency response system.

71 Building Code Regulatory Jurisdiction Types of issues found in salons:Regulated by the State Building Inspector.Enforced locally by the Municipal Building Inspector.Types of issues found in salons:Shared wall construction.Shared ventilation systems.Use of locations not designed for business.Inadequate systems or systems not used correctly.Governs:Ventilation - mechanical and naturalIngress and EgressSmoke alarm and fire sprinkler systems

74 Sanitary Code Regulatory Jurisdiction Governs:Regulated by the MA Department of Public HealthEnforced locally by local Health Department.Governs:Hot waterSanitation

75 Licensing Regulated by the MA Board of Cosmetology. Governs:The opening and licensing of salons.Occupancy PermitElectrical PermitBuilding PermitThe licensing of technicians.The operation of the salon.Equipment and Hygiene Procedures