World's most loved shipwreck: Titanic at 100 (photos)

Still the most romantic of shipwrecks, the Titanic is coming under new protections 100 years later that are designed to preserve its dramatic history.

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Largest, most luxurious, and unsinkable

The largest and most luxurious passenger ship of its time, the R.M.S. Titanic seems to forever hold a place as the most famous shipwreck of popular culture.

Heralded as unsinkable, on April 15, 1912, the ship struck an iceberg, and the Titanic broke apart, sinking 12,000 feet to the bottom of the ocean with more than 1,500 passengers and crew.

During a 2004 expedition, the ROV Hercules is seen here exploring the stern of Titanic, as photographed by its underwater counterpart, ROV Argus, both of which were deployed from the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown.

The most famous of sunken ships was only just discovered in 1985, and although a few parts have been salvaged, the site remains largely intact.

The 100th anniversary of the sinking of the Titanic is expected to draw an unprecedented amount of commercial shipping traffic to the wreck site, including cruise ships visiting the area, and submersible research expeditions diving to the wreck site, raising concerns.

Largest, most luxurious, and unsinkable

The bow of Titanic is seen here during a NOAA expedition in June 2004 from the remotely operated research vehicle the Hercules.

Since the wreck's discovery in 1985, NOAA has been involved in protecting and preserving, advocating responsible management and use of the site, and participated in exploration and scientific missions.

In 1985, Congress recognized the shipwreck as a site of "national and international cultural and historical significance" in need of international protection and enacted the R.M.S. Titanic Maritime Memorial Act of 1986, signed by President Reagan.

A missed warning via telegram

On the April 14, 1912, the day she hit the cold, jagged ice, the Titanic was actually warned of the potential danger of Atlantic icebergs when it acted as a relay for a message sent by the German S.S. Amerika.

Traveling ahead of them, the smaller Amerika encountered several large icebergs near 41°27’N, 50°8’W, and used the Titanic's larger radio antennae to relay the message to the ground station at Cape Race, Newfoundland.

At 11:40 p.m. on April 14, 1912, four days into the trans-Atlantic journey the ship hit an iceberg and sank to the bottom of the ocean 375 miles south of Newfoundland in the early morning hours of April 15.

Deep Submergence Vehicle Mir

Dozens of tourists, scientists, salvagers, and filmmakers have visited the Titanic site since Robert Ballard discovered the great wreck on September 1, 1985. Here, the Russian Deep Submergence Vehicle Mir is see as it is recovered following an expedition to the Titanic in 2003.

Port side forward expansion joint

A port side forward expansion joint on the boat deck of the bow section of the shipwreck Titanic seen during an expedition on June 1, 2004, by the remotely operated vehicle Hercules. The mission was largely a do-not-touch photographic mission, with high definition still and video capturing the views 12,000 feet below, with cameras mounted on the underwater robots.

New protection for wrecksite

This telemotor is the last piece of machinery remaining on the bridge of Titanic. Other artifacts have been pillaged from the site.

As of April 15, 2012, the Titanic comes under the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage, a special designation which applies only to shipwrecks submerged for at least 100 years.

The convention gives governments authority to close their ports to all vessels undertaking exploration not conducted in accordance with the principles of the convention, and outlaws the destruction, pillaging, sale, and dispersion of objects found at the wreck site.

Littered with modern garbage

The total number of expeditions to the wreck is unknown, but over the years, trips by scientists, filmmakers, salvagers have littered the site with sandbags, synthetic rope, anchor chains and other modern garbage now.

Updated: April 11, 2012 4:37 AM PDT

Photo by: Institute for Exploration and the Institute for Archaeological Oceanography at the University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography / Caption by:
James Martin