INTRODUCTION: Heart rate recovery, defined as the fall in heart rate during the first minute after exercise, is an indicator of autonomic function, and has been found to be an independent predictor of mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Exercise training has several well-known benefits in terms of cardiorespiratory fitness, modifiable ...

Unilateral and bilateral lower-body heavy resistance exercises (HRE) are used for strength training. Little research has examined whether muscle activation and testosterone (TES) responses differ between these exercises. Our purpose was to compare the effects of unilateral and bilateral lower-body HRE on muscle activity using surface electromyography (sEMG) and TES ...

PURPOSE: Training specificity for a number of exercise parameters has been demonstrated for the limb musculature. The current study is a Phase I exploration of training specificity in the lingual musculature. Methods Twenty-five healthy participants were assigned to one of five training conditions. Four groups completed four weeks of lingual ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the intrasession sequencing of concurrent strenght and aerobic training on the acute testosterone and cortisol responses. Ten young recreationally strength-trained men (23.5 ± 0.9 years) performed two exercise interventions: aerobic-strength (AS) and strength-aerobic (SA), which consisted of 30 minutes ...

FATP1 and FATP4 appear to be important for the cellular uptake and handling of long chain fatty acids (LCFA). These findings were obtained from loss- or gain of function models. However, reports on FATP1 and FATP4 in human skeletal muscle are limited. Aerobic training enhances lipid oxidation; however, it is ...

Cystic fibrosis is a multisystem disease where the main problems are existing in the respiratory system. Aerobic exercise programs are effective in increasing physical fitness and muscle endurance in addition to chest physiotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chest physiotherapy and aerobic exercise training ...

Little is known about the relationship between attitudes and characteristics of instructors and uptake and adherence of older people to exercise classes. This article explores these issues. The authors surveyed 731 UK exercise instructors with specialist older adult exercise qualifications. A questionnaire investigated instructors' characteristics and attitudes toward older adults' ...

Background: Little is known about the effects of resistance training on health related quality of life (HRQL) in the elderly. Aim: The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on strength, body composition, functional capacity and HRQL in independent living elderly people. We hypothesised ...

Currently, it is unclear which index of haematological parameters could be used to most easily monitor iron deficiency during endurance training. To address this question, 16 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: a sedentary group (n = 8) and an exercised group (n = 8). Initially, animals in the exercise group ...

Menopause is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise and soy isoflavone diets have been suggested to reduce the risk of CVD in postmenopausal women. We investigated the effects of exercise, or combined exercise and soy isoflavone diet, on plasma lipid profiles, paraoxonase (PON), nitric oxide (NO) ...

Activated cardiac apoptosis was found in hearts from hypertensive animals, but little information regarding the effects of exercise training on cardiac apoptosis in hypertension is available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-apoptotic and pro-survival effects of exercise training on hypertensive hearts. 28 spontaneously hypertensive rats were ...

Vitamin C and E supplementation has been shown to attenuate the acute exercise-induced increase in plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration. Here, we studied the effect of antioxidant vitamins on the regulation of IL-6 expression in muscle and the circulation in response to acute exercise before and after high-intensity endurance exercise training. ...

Older breast cancer survivors (BCS) report more falls and functional limitations than women with no cancer history. Exercise training could reduce risk factors for future falls and disability. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial in 106 early-stage, postmenopausal BCS who were ≥50 years old at diagnosis and post-treatment. Women were randomly ...

In this study we have hypothesised that 5-week cycling endurance training can decrease the magnitude of the non-proportional increase in VO2 to PO relationship (VO2 'excess') at exercise intensities exceeding the lactate threshold (LT). Ten untrained, physically active men performed an incremental cycling exercise until exhaustion before and after training. ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of a 8-week detraining period after a 16-week multicomponent training program including strength and aerobic exercises on the main determinants of aerobic fitness, muscle strength and some metabolic markers in 24 older subjects (60.2 ± 3.0 years). The oxygen uptake at ...

The present study assessed the effects of exercise training on biomarkers of inflammation in postinfarction patients. This single-centre prospective randomized controlled trial encompassed 42 patients after the first myocardial infarction divided into exercise-training (n=22) or usual care (n=20) groups. Complete randomization was performed by choosing one of 2 sealed envelopes. ...

Several studies have demonstrated that exercise helps to reduce or prevent cognitive deterioration among older adults, and recent studies have further examined the effects of resistance exercise training on cognition. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of resistance exercise training on cognition in healthy older adults. ...

Due to the variations in morphological and architectural characteristics of fibers within a skeletal muscle, regions of a muscle may be differently affected by eccentric exercise. Although eccentric exercise may be beneficial for increasing muscle mass and can be beneficial for the treatment of tendinopathies, the non-uniform effect of eccentric ...

Intellectual disability affects all spheres of people's lives who suffer from it. It lowers the level of intellectual functioning, often stigmatizes, characteristically changing features, and decreases motor performance. Unfortunately, modern medicine cannot cure intellectual disability; however, there is a chance to improve the quality of life of people with mental ...

The purpose of this study was to determine whether (-)-epicatechin (mainly found in cocoa) could attenuate detraining effects in the hindlimb muscles of mice. Thirty-two male mice were randomized into 4 groups: control, trained, trained with 14 d of detraining and vehicle (DT-14-W), and trained with 14 d of detraining ...

Low load resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) can increase muscle size and strength, but the implications on the conduit artery are uncertain. We examined the effects of low-load dynamic handgrip training with and without BFR, and detraining, on measures of brachial artery function and structure. Nine male participants ...

Although regular exercise improves submaximal aerobic capacity, there is large variability in its response to exercise training. While this variation is thought to be partly due to genetic differences, relatively little is known about the causal genes. Submaximal aerobic capacity traits in the current report include the responses of oxygen ...

Endurance training-induced changes in hemodynamic traits are heritable. However, few genes associated with heart rate training responses have been identified. The purpose of our study was to perform a genome-wide association study to uncover DNA sequence variants associated with submaximal exercise heart rate training responses in the HERITAGE Family Study. ...

Purpose: To investigate the impact of whey protein ingestion and resistance exercise training on the phosphorylation of mRNA translational signalling proteins in the skeletal muscle of young and old men. Methods: Sixteen healthy young (aged 18-25 years) and 15 healthy older men (aged 60-75 years) completed 12 weeks of resistance exercise and ...

OBJECTIVE: To provide a synthesis of the evidence from clinical trials to determine whether progressive resistance training, as a single exercise intervention, improves strength and functional performance in older institutionalized adults. METHODS: A comprehensive systematic database search for randomized controlled trials was performed, including AMED, CINAHL, COCHRANE, and all EMB ...

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of training loads on metabolic response of purine derivatives in highly trained sprinters (10 men, age range 20-29 yr) in a 1-yr cycle, compared with endurance-training mode in triathletes (10 men, age range 21-28 yr). A four-time measurement of respiratory ...

Santos, TM, Gomes, PSC, Oliveira, BRR, Ribeiro, LG, and Thompson, WR. A new strategy for the implementation of an aerobic training session. J Strength Cond Res 26(1): 87-93, 2012-The objectives were to propose a new strategy for adjusting aerobic training variables based on the eighth American College of Sports Medicine ...

The aim of the present study was to monitor the changes in indirect markers of muscle damage during 3 weeks (nine training sessions) of stretch-shortening (drop jump) exercise with constant load alternated with steep increases in load. Physically active men (n = 9, mean age 19.1 years) performed a program ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiometabolic effects of exercise training in ovariectomized hypertensive rats both submitted and not submitted to fructose overload. METHODS: Spontaneously hypertensive ovariectomized rats were divided into sedentary and trained (THO) groups submitted to normal chow and sedentary and trained groups submitted ...

OBJECTIVES:The lower esophageal sphincter (LES), surrounded by diaphragmatic muscle, prevents gastroesophageal reflux. When these structures become incompetent, gastric contents may cause gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). For treatment, lifestyle interventions are always recommended. We hypothesized that by actively training the crura of the diaphragm as part of the LES using breathing ...

The purpose of this study was to test the impact of chronic exercise training combined with selective angiotensin II receptor (AT1) antagonism on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and the left-ventricular pressure-volume relationship in normotensive, non-infarcted rat hearts. Wistar rats (N = 19) were randomly assigned to either a sedentary control group (N = 8) ...

PURPOSE: The functional status and outcomes in patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) are often limited by poor endurance and pulmonary mechanics which were resulted from the primary diseases or prolonged bedridden. We evaluate the impact of exercise training on pulmonary mechanics, physical functional status, and hospitalization outcomes in PMV ...

The aim of this study is to determine whether short term functional electrical stimulation (FES)-assisted cycling training can affect the postural control of stroke patients, and whether the application of FES can enhance the effect of cycling training. 20 stroke patients were randomly assigned to the FES-cycling group (FES-CG) or ...

It is now accepted that exercise training is a safe and effective therapeutic intervention to improve clinical status, functional capacity, and quality of life in people with chronic heart failure (CHF). Nevertheless, this therapeutic modality remains underprescribed and underutilized. Both aerobic and resistance training improve exercise capacity and may partially ...

It was tested whether heavy strength training, including hip flexion exercise, would reduce the extent of the phase in the crank revolution where negative or retarding crank torque occurs. Negative torque normally occurs in the upstroke phase where the leg is lifted by flexing the hip. Eighteen well-trained cyclists either ...

A growing body of scientific evidence indicates that exercise has a positive impact on human health, including neurological health. Aerobic exercise, which is supposed to enhance cardiovascular functions and metabolism, also induces neurotrophic factors that affect hippocampal neurons, thereby improving spatial learning and memory. Alternatively, little is known about the ...

PURPOSE: Altered autonomic innervation in tetraplegic individuals has been shown to depress certain immune parameters at rest and alter exercise related salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) responses. The purpose of this study was to examine resting sIgA responses as a function of training load and episodes of upper respiratory symptoms (URS) ...

Race walking is the technical and athletic expression of fast walking and it can be considered as a type of endurance performance. The purpose of this study was to examine whether 12 weeks of a specially designed training program results in the further training enhancement of endurance performance and the ...