Black history from the year you were born

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Black history from the year you were born

February is a month dedicated to the achievements of African-Americans in the United States. What began as a meager week in 1926 has blossomed into 28 days of celebration and lessons on the contributions of black people in America.

Many African-Americans come from a lineage of captured and enslaved people who were forcibly brought to the U.S. to build the culture and infrastructure of a place they never asked to live. Forced immigration and centuries of cultural genocide have driven black Americans to literally and figuratively rebuild a culture from the ground up. But while there are many dark spots on this history—slavery, Jim Crow laws, and the police violence that spawned the #blacklivesmatter movement—African-Americans have continuously fought for their rights against that oppressive culture. While being forced to exist largely on the fringes of society, black people in America nevertheless have made many significant contributions to the arts, education, politics, technology, and numerous other fields.

Click through Stacker’s 100-year list to learn more about just some of the significant achievements and moments in African-American history from 1919 to 2018.

1919: Oscar Micheaux produces ‘The Homesteader’

Regarded as the first African-American feature filmmaker, Oscar Micheaux produced the film version of his book “The Conquest,” under the name “The Homesteader.” This silent film featured an all-black cast and touched on the issues of race relations during that era.

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1920: Zeta Phi Beta is established at Howard University

This historical, Greek-lettered sorority was created by five female Howard University students. Their vision was to effect positive change and raise cultural awareness within their community while promoting high educational standards. The sorority is still around today, and still is based out of its Washington DC headquarters the sorority purchased in 1959.

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Wikimedia Commons

1921: ‘Shuffle Along’ becomes the first major African-American musical on Broadway

At the time of “Shuffle Along”‘s May 23 debut, almost decade had passed since an all-black musical of any kind had graced a Broadway stage. The vaudeville-style play about a mayoral race launched the careers of Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson and is widely regarded as one of the first black musicals to cross over to mainstream white audiences. As such, the musical’s success signaled a change and dismantling of sorts of racial segregation in the Broadway theater world.

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George K. Warren / NARA // Wikimedia Commons

1922: The home of abolitionist Frederick Douglass is certified as a national museum

Cedar Hill, Douglass’ home until his 1895 death, is now a historical site providing guided tours of the restored grounds. Among the preserved sites is his “growlery,” or man cave. Douglass would retreat to this private room with a stove, desk, and a bed whenever he wanted privacy to work on his writing.

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1923: Jean Toomer’s ‘Cane’ is published

This series of vignettes explore the African-American experience in the United States. Alternating in structure between prose, poetry, and script-like writing, most passages in the book are freestanding, though some characters are reoccurring. “Cane” only sold 1,000 copies upon its release but went on to become an important relic of Harlem Renaissance literature.

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1924: National Bar Association is founded

The National Bar Association was founded out of two movements—Greenville Movement and the Convention of the Iowa Colored Bar Association—after a number of black lawyers were denied membership to the American Bar Association. Today, the association has more than 84 chapters and represents more than 60,000 law professionals.

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Ed Ford LOC // Wikimedia Commons

1925: A. Philip Randolph and Milton P. Webster create the BSCP

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1926: Negro History Week is formed

The precursor to Black History Month was the brainchild of historian Carter G. Woodson in collaboration with the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History. Corresponding with the birthdays of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln, the week was initially erected to give black Americans a sense of pride in their own history and has since been expanded to a whole month.

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1927: Floyd Joseph Calvin hosts the first black radio show

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Wikimedia Commons

1928: First African-American is elected to Congress

Oscar Stanton De Priest began his career in politics in 1915 with a stint on the Chicago City Council. More than a decade later, he made history when he was tapped as the Republican candidate for a seat in House of Representatives representing the state of Illinois.

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1929: Negro Experimental Theatre is established

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US National Archives // Wikimedia Commons

1930: Howard University Gallery of Art is established

Artist James V. Herring organized Howard University’s student gallery, a first of its kind. Howard University Gallery of Art was the first gallery on a black campus, and the only gallery controlled entirely by African-Americans.

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1931: Scottsboro boys are falsely convicted

Nine African-American teenagers were falsely accused in March of 1931 of rape while aboard a train in Alabama. Eight of the nine boys involved in the trial were convicted and sentenced to death. The cases were eventually appealed in the United States Supreme Court, raising questions about unfair court proceedings for black defendants, like being judged by an all-white jury. Over the course of subsequent retrials (and reconvictions), the boys in total served in excess of 100 years in prison. Ultimately, it was revealed the boys had been illegally hopping trains in search of work and, while detained for a minor charge, deputies convinced two white women to accuse the boys of raping the women aboard the train. Bates recanted her story and became an advocate for freeing the Scottsboro boys.

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US National Archives // Wikimedia Commons

1932: ‘Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male’ begins

The U.S. Public Health Service, in conjunction with the Tuskegee Institute, began studying the natural occurrences of syphilis in the human body on unassuming and ill-informed black male participants. The experiment involved more than 600 men, many of whom were not informed of their infection. They were also not given adequate or correct treatment for the disease. The study ended at the hands of a whistleblower in 1972; President Bill Clinton issued a formal apology in 1997.

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1933: Dr. Carter G. Woodson’s ‘The Mis-Education of the Negro’ is published

“When you control a man’s thinking you do not have to worry about his actions.” So says Dr. Carter G. Woodson in his groundbreaking book, “The Mis-Education of the Negro.” It was Woodson’s assertion that blacks of the day were essentially being mentally controlled by the public school system. In 1999 singer and rapper Lauryn Hill would make reference to the book with her debut album, “The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill.” In addition to launching Negro History Week and penning “The Mis-Education of the Negro,” Woodson was an accomplished author, journalist, American history, and founder of the Association for the Study of African-American Life and History.

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VCU Libraries Commons // Flickr

1934: Maggie Lena Walker dies

Maggie Lena Walker grew up helping her mother, a former slave, with her laundry business. This early exposure to entrepreneurship made an impression; and in 1903, Walker became the first African-American woman to be president of a bank when she founded St. Luke Penny Savings Bank. In 1930, the bank became Consolidated Bank, with Walker staying on as chairman. The bank continued on as a black-owned institution following Walker’s death and was sold in 2005.

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US National Archives // Wikimedia Commons

1935: National Council of Negro Women is created

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US National Archives

1936: Jesse Owens wins four gold medals at the Berlin Games

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Carl Van Vechten / LOC // Wikimedia Commons

1937: ‘Their Eyes Were Watching God’ is published

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Sharon Mollerus // Flickr

1938: Artist Jacob Lawrence shows his first exhibition

Painter Jacob Lawrence’s brand of modernism depicted the various aspects of life in Harlem. In February 1938, his first solo exhibition was shown at the Harlem YMCA on 135th Street. A few years later, when he was just 24, Lawrence became one of the first black artists to be presented by Downtown Gallery.

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1939: Marian Anderson sings at Lincoln Memorial

Opera singer Marian Anderson was scheduled to sing at Washington’s Constitution Hall on Easter Sunday 1939. But at the last minute, she was refused the opportunity because of her race by Daughters of the American Revolution. Instead, Anderson gave a free open-air concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. The moment served to bring even greater awareness to the issues of racial injustices during that time period.

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1940: Hattie McDaniel wins an Academy Award

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1941: National Negro Opera Company is created

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U.S. National Archives and Records Administration // Wikimedia Commons

1942: Hugh Mulzac becomes the first African-American captain to command an integrated crew

Hugh Mulzac, a black member of the U.S. Merchant Marine, was offered the chance at the onset of World War II to operate his own vessel. That ship was the SS Booker T. Washington, the first Liberty ship named after an African-American. Mulzac said no at first, citing Commission policies stipulating he would be commanding an all-black crew. What followed were protests from black organizations such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which pressured officials to change course. Mulzac theretofore became the first African-American ship commander, doing so over an integrated crew. The milestone did little to change things long-term, however, as he found himself out of a job by the early 1950s.

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1943: Detroit Race Riots

The great migration from South to North brought mass amounts of blacks to Detroit in search of work and a better life. Despite the city being home to 200,000 African-American residents, they were still treated as second-class citizens—especially where housing was concerned. When the city started constructing black housing projects and factories began promoting black workers, disgruntled white people decided to fight back against the changing of the times. What followed were racially motivated attacks involving more than 200 blacks and whites, leaving 25 African-Americans dead and hundreds more injured.

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1944: United Negro College Fund is created

Dr. Frederick D. Patterson, president of the Tuskegee Institute, put out a call to other leaders of historically black colleges urging them to pool sums of money together in a fund for inbound black college students in financial need. In the last 70 years, the fund has supported more than 400,000 students in earning college degrees.

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1945: Ebony magazine debuts

The first issue of Ebony magazine was published in November 1945 and heralded a new era of putting forth a positive image of black Americans in mainstream media. A smaller news magazine called Jet was founded a few years later in 1951.

In a case predating the Rosa Parks bus boycott, Irene Morgan was riding on a Greyhound bus and refused to give her seat up to a white passenger. Morgan was arrested but refused to plead guilty to violating Virginia’s segregation law. That move presented an opportunity for Morgan’s lawyer to argue that the law unfairly got in the way of interstate commerce. The case went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled in her favor.

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Amyjoy001 // Wikimedia Commons

1947: 16 men embark on the ‘Journey of Reconciliation’

Sometimes called “the first freedom ride,” 16 black and white men embarked on a direct-action bus trip that flipped racial structures on their heads: Black protesters sat at the front of the bus, while white protestors sat at the back. Protests like these served as a tangible representation of the power of hands-on activism.

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1948: Desegregation of the U.S. Armed Forces

In a step to dissolve segregated racial lines, President Harry Truman signed an executive order to integrate the U.S. Armed Forces and effectively ended segregation across the military. There was significant pushback to the order; but by the end of the Korean War, most of the military was integrated.

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1949: First black-owned radio station premieres

An accountant and professor by trade, Jesse B. Blayton made history when he founded WERD-AM, becoming the first black man to own his own radio station. Blayton pioneered what he referred to as “Negro Appeal” music, playing early R&B and soul cuts that didn’t get much airtime elsewhere. The radio station later became a supporter of the civil rights movement.

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Patrickneil // Wikimedia Commons

1950: Gregory Swanson is admitted to the University of Virginia Law School

With the help of a lawsuit, Gregory Swanson became the first black student to attend the University of Virginia Law School. This historic victory allowed black applicants to be permitted into the other University of Virginia professional programs, as well.

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1951: ‘We Charge Genocide’ petition is presented to the United Nations

Created by William Patterson and the Civil Rights Congress, the “We Charge Genocide” petition suggested the United States committed genocide against African-Americans based on the outlines put forth by the U.N. Genocide Convention. More than 150 hate crimes that took place over the previous six years against black people were documented, along with nearly 400 other violent crimes against black Americans. The document, signed by 94 individuals and prominent civil rights leaders, was presented at the United Nations Convention in Paris.

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San906 // Wikimedia Commons

1952: Cora Brown is Michigan’s first black woman elected to state senator

Cora Brown’s successful 1952 campaign made her the first black woman in the U.S. elected to a state Senate seat. She served as Michigan State Senator through 1956, advocating on health issues, public utilities, and welfare. She became the special associate general counsel of the U.S. Post Office in 1957.

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Tony Fischer Photography // Flickr

1953: Ralph Ellison wins the National Book Award for ‘Invisible Man’

Frankie Muse Freeman served as lead attorney in the landmark Davis et al. v. the St. Louis Housing Authority case that effectively put a stop to segregation in St. Louis public housing. Years later, Freeman led a task force to end segregation in St. Louis public schools.

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1955: Read’s Drug Store sit-ins

Local African-American students of Morgan State College teamed up with the Committee on Racial Equality to stage a series of sit-in protests to desegregate the local lunch counter at Read’s Drug Store in Baltimore, Md. The peaceful, five-day protest was a success, and the drug store vowed to serve all customers after losing significant business.

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William Gottlieb LOC // Wikimedia Commons

1956: ‘The Nat King Cole Show’ challenges racial lines on TV

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US National Archives

1957: Civil Rights Act of 1957

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1958: Willie O’Ree is the first black player in the National Hockey League

Willie O’Ree, the first black player in the National Hockey League, is sometimes referred to as the “Jackie Robinson of Hockey.” O’Ree was influential in opening doors of professional hockey to black players, including Dustin Byfuglien who led his team to a Stanley Cup championship in 2010.

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Dig Downtown Detroit // Wikimedia Commons

1959: Motown Records is founded

With the opening of his Detroit-based label, Berry Gordy began churning out soul hits that left lasting imprints in the hearts of Americans everywhere. Over the decades, the label would go on to produce chart-topping musicians and groups like Diana Ross, The Supremes, The Jackson 5, Stevie Wonder, and Marvin Gaye.

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United States Department of Justice// Wikimedia Commons

1960: Ruby Bridges integrates Louisiana schools

Six-year-old Ruby Bridges was selected by the NAACP to integrate an all-white New Orleans school. Desegregating the school was an uphill battle, as many white people pulled their children from classes, forcing Bridges to do most of her learning alone. Over the years, many more black students were enrolled in William Frantz Elementary School, and Bridges later graduated from an integrated high school.

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Yoichi Robert Okamoto // Wikimedia Commons

1961: Whitney Young Jr. is appointed executive director of the National Urban League

The National Urban League (NUL) experienced significant growth under the leadership of activist and educator Whitney Young Jr. Those milestones included a 24-fold increase in the organization’s annual budget, becoming a full partner in the civil rights movement, and an increase in staffing from a few dozen to more than 1,000. The NUL in 1963 also hosted planning meetings for A. Philip Randolph, Martin Luther King Jr., and fellow civil rights leaders ahead of the March on Washington, securing the organization’s significance in the growing civil rights movement.

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Library of Congress // Wikimedia Commons

1962: James Meredith integrates Ole Miss campus

When James Meredith applied to the University of Mississippi, he was accepted. That acceptance was rescinded when his race was discovered. Following 1954’s Brown v. Board of Education ruling, all schools were supposed to desegregate. As such, Meredith sued for discrimination. The Supreme Court ruled in his favor; and in October 1962, he became the first black person to enroll at the school.

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Birmingham Police Department // Wikimedia Commons

1963: ‘Letters from a Birmingham Jail’ is published

In April 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested for leading a march urging the boycotting of white stores during the Easter holiday. A statement published by The Birmingham News prompted King to write a 7,000-word response forever remembered as “Letters from a Birmingham Jail.”

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Library of Congress // Wikimedia Commons

1964: Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party is established

The formation of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) was in direct response to the Mississippi Democratic Party and its control of the state’s political process. This control included the exclusion of black participation. MFDP advocated for black Mississippians and their right to be included in the political process, and rallied against an all-white political party in a state that had a large black population.

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Marion S. Trikosko // Wikimedia Commons

1965: Malcolm X is assassinated

Human rights activist Malcolm X committed his life to the advancement of black people with his “by any means necessary” philosophy. After making a pivot away from the Nation of Islam, he was gunned down in February 1965 by members of the same organization.

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1966: Stokely Carmichael promotes ‘black power’

Civil rights activist James Meredith (and the first black student to attend the University of Mississippi) set out on a solo “Walk Against Fear” Memphis, Tenn. to Jackson, Miss., in June 1966. He was shot in Mississippi just a day into the walk and was hospitalized. Fellow activist Stokely Carmichael—along with including Martin Luther King Jr., Cleveland Sellers, Allen Jonson, and several civil rights organizations—continued the march in Meredith’s name. Along the way, in Greenwood, Miss., Carmichael gave a speech that etched his name into black history forever and become a slogan of resistance: “We been saying ‘freedom’ for six years. What we are going to start saying now is ‘Black Power.'”

After being wed in Washington D.C., Richard and Mildred Loving were banned from Virginia as their marriage violated the state’s Racial Integrity Act. The two avoided jail time by moving to the nation’s capital. After five years of living in D.C., the interracial couple longed to return to their hometown. The American Civil Liberty Union got involved with the case, moving it all the way up to the Supreme Court.

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1968: ‘Julia,’ starring Diahann Carroll, hits TV screens

In the groundbreaking sitcom “Julia,” Diahann Carroll pioneers the role of Julia, a widow and nurse raising a son in the early 1970s. Carroll’s role in this series was notable in that it was one of the first television shows featuring a black lead who wasn’t a domestic worker.

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1969: UNC food workers go on strike

The dining hall workers of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill went on strike, citing poor working conditions and inadequate pay for their labor. The strike, led by Mary Smith and Elizabeth Brooks, began in February and lasted until December and serves as a representation of the effectiveness peaceful protests can have against larger institutions.

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1970: Gail Fisher wins a Primetime Emmy

Gail Fisher is the first African-American woman to win a Primetime Emmy. The award was for her role in “Mannix,” a detective series starring Mike Connors on CBS. Later nominees to follow in her footsteps include Debbie Allen, Nell Carter, and Diahann Carroll.

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U.S. Congress // Wikimedia Commons

1971: Congressional Black Caucus is formed

Made up of mostly African-American members of Congress, the Congressional Black Caucus has for the last 40 years been committed to ensuring black Americans and other marginalized members of society have equal rights and opportunities. The caucus uses constitutional power, authority, and finances to address pressing issues like the reformation of the criminal justice system, voter suppression, and racial health disparities.

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Thomas J. O’Halloran LOC // Wikimedia Commons

1972: Shirley Chisholm runs for president

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1973: Combahee River Collective is created

The Combahee River Collective, a political group of black feminists and lesbians, developed in opposition to mainstream feminism that heavily favored the needs and issues of white women. The group was named after the Harriet Tubman uprising that freed more than 700 enslaved individuals. This brand of feminism championed the idea that black women were inherently valuable and the best in terms of advocating their own liberation.

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1974: Henry “Hank” Aaron hits his 715th home run

Hank Aaron kicked things up a notch when he hit a home run in the fourth inning of a game against the Los Angeles Dodgers. With that one swing, Aaron surpassed Babe Ruth’s home run record, cementing his position as one of the best in baseball.

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1975: John Hope Franklin is selected as president of the Organization of American Historians

Barbara Jordan, a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, became the first black woman to deliver a keynote speech at the Democratic National Convention. Jordan’s speech is regarded as one of the best speeches in the 20th century and continues its relevancy today: “We are a people in a quandary about the present. We are a people in search of our future. We are a people in search of a national community. We are a people trying not only to solve the problems of the present, unemployment, inflation, but we are attempting on a larger scale to fulfill the promise of America. We are attempting to fulfill our national purpose, to create and sustain a society in which all of us are equal.”

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US National Archives // Wikimedia Commons

1977: Andrew Jackson Young Jr. becomes ambassador to the United Nations

A former senior aide to Martin Luther King Jr., Andrew Young’s commitment to the civil rights movement made him a perfect candidate for ambassador to the United Nations. Young became the first African-American to take on this position and served as the official representative for the Carter administration’s foreign policy program.

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Ira Rosenberg LOC // Wikimedia Commons

1978: Muhammad Ali wins heavyweight boxing title for the third time

With his defeat of Leon Spinks, Muhammad Ali became the first boxer to win the world heavyweight boxing title three times in his career. He retired just two years later, returning only briefly for select fights. His accomplishments include 56 wins and 37 knockouts—as well as years working alongside fellow civil rights activists and celebrities in their own right such as Sam Cooke, Malcolm X, and NFL star Jim Brown.

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1979: Assata Shakur goes on the run

Revolutionary icon and former member of the Black Liberation Army Assata Shakur escaped from prison in 1979 and went off the grid before being found alive in Cuba five years later. Her initial charges (all steeped in controversy) were attempted murder, murder, bank robbery, kidnapping, and armed robbery. She was convicted of the murder of a police officer because of a loophole in New Jersey law saying it did not need to be proven that Shakur had fired a mortal shot. She was sentenced to life in murder before her escape. She remains in Cuba, although President Trump in 2017 said the U.S. would consider lifting new, stricter rules against visitors to Cuba if fugitives such as Shakur were returned.

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1980: Robert L. Johnson launches BET

After years working behind the scenes in cable TV, Robert L. Johnson created Black Entertainment Television (BET), the first cable television station geared toward an African-American audience. The channel was a hit, and Johnson became the first black billionaire when he sold his company to Viacom in 2001. The BET division of Viacom today is the most widely received network for African-American audiences, with the paid channel reaching about 88,255,000 American households.

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Wikimedia Commons

1981: Mumia Abu-Jamal is arrested

A routine traffic stop ended with the death of a police officer. Activist Mumia Abu-Jamal was arrested for the crime and put on trial for a murder he says he did not commit. This event catapults Abu-Jamal to the forefront of a social justice movement against racial bias in the judicial system.

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Epic Records

1982: Michael Jackson’s ‘Thriller’ is released

“Thriller,” the sixth studio album by Michael Jackson, went on to sell more than 33 million copies worldwide. “Thriller” is largely considered the best-selling record of all time. The following year Jackson released a 13-minute music video for the title song, changing the landscape of music videos forever.

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1983: Vanessa Williams is crowned Miss America

Then 20-year-old Vanessa Williams made history by becoming the first black Miss America. She would go on to reign for nearly 10 months before being forced to resign the title amid a nude photo scandal. Nevertheless, her star continued to rise as she made the transition to singer and actress.

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Library of Congress // Wikimedia Commons

1984: Jesse Jackson runs for president

Civil rights activist and politician Jesse Jackson became the second African-American to pursue a major campaign for president, running as a Democrat. He ultimately took third place in the primaries and launched another unsuccessful bid in 1988. In spite of never securing the presidential nomination, Jackson laid the foundation for the election of America’s first black president 24 years later.

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1985: MOVE Black Liberation House is bombed

Philadelphia-based radical movement MOVE was headquartered in a house in West Philadelphia. On the morning of May 13, surrounding neighbors were evacuated by authorities before 500 police officers gathered around 6221 Osage to arrest collective members. MOVE member and the police exchanged fire, with the authorities bombing the compound and killing six adults and five children.

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Alan Light // Wikimedia Commons

1986: Oprah Winfrey launches her talk show

“The Oprah Winfrey Show” catapulted news anchor Oprah Winfrey to stardom and went on to run for 25 years. The show was not only an influential platform for Winfrey, who had a rough childhood and worked her way up to co-anchoring the evening news and launching a production company, but featured an array of topics and interests from thought-provoking guests. Winfrey’s work—as a talk show host, media empire, actress, author, and mentor—has left a permanent impression on young black women and what goals they are willing to set for themselves.

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V. Aceveda U.S. Air Force // Wikimedia Commons

1987: Dr. Ben Carson separates conjoined twins

Dr. Ben Carson was director of pediatric neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Medicine when he became the first person in history to separate twins conjoined at the head. The risky surgery took 22 hours and was considered by many to be a medical miracle.

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1988: The film ‘Mississippi Burning’ is released

This crime drama is loosely based on the 1964 murders of James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner. The three were field workers organizing a voter registration for African-Americans when they were reportedly abducted and murdered by the Ku Klux Klan. The film showcases the hostility and backlash the case received.

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Russell Roederer // Wikimedia Commons

1989: Colin Powell becomes the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Nominated by President George H.W. Bush, Army Gen. Colin Powell became the first African-American and the youngest person ever to become chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. In this position, Powell helped pivot the U.S. military’s agenda away from the Soviet Union focused on regional and humanitarian needs.

1991: Julie Dash’s ‘Daughters of the Dust’ is released

A period piece set at the turn of the century, “Daughters of the Dust” tells the story of a group of Gullah women as they prepare to migrate north. Experimental in tone and imagery, Dash’s film is the first film directed by an African-American woman to receive major distribution across the U.S. Years later, Beyoncé paid homage to the film in her “Lemonade” album.

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1992: Rodney King beating ignites the L.A. Riots

Four Los Angeles police officers were acquitted in April of the beating of Rodney King. The vicious beating was caught on tape, however, and showed the extent of police brutality. The acquittal touched off the LA. Riots and started an expanded, nationwide debate on racial injustice.

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Olga Besnard // Shutterstock

1993: Toni Morrison wins Nobel Prize for ‘Beloved’

Morrison won the Nobel Prize for Literature for her 1987 novel “Beloved.” The story follows a formerly enslaved woman named Sethe and was later turned into a movie starring Oprah Winfrey.

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1994: Nas’ debut album ‘Illmatic’ is released

The debut album of New York rapper Nas cemented his place among hip-hop and rap royalty. “Illmatic” actually didn’t sell well upon its release, but it gained rave reviews amongst music fans and critics. The album is regarded as one of the greatest rap albums of all time.

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Yoke Mc / Joacim Osterstam // Wikimedia Commons

1995: Million Man March is held in Washington D.C.

Called on by Minister Louis Farrakhan, this mass meeting had an aim of changing the perception of black manhood. The march has since gone down in history as a positive occasion of brotherhood and personal atonement.

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1996: ‘Moesha’ premieres

For young black girls growing up in the 1990s, “Moesha” was the show to watch. Starring R&B and pop singer Brandy, the show was about an average black teen growing up in Los Angeles. “Moesha” aired for five seasons and birthed a successful spin-off called “The Parkers.”

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William Selby U.S. Navy // Wikimedia Commons

1997: Tiger Woods wins his first major

American golf got a much-needed shaking up when 21-year-old Tiger Woods won the prestigious Masters Tournament in Augusta, Ga. Many regard Woods’ monumental win to be one of the greatest performances by a golf pro in history. Since then, he’s achieved 18 different victories on the golf field.

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Paramount Network Television

1998: ‘The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer’ is canceled after the first episode

“The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer”​​ set off a firestorm of controversy before it even aired for its lighthearted take on American slavery. Chi McBride starred as the title character, a butler to President Abraham Lincoln. Groups like the NAACP quickly got involved, calling for a boycott of the show and its parent company United Paramount Network. As a result, only one episode aired before its cancellation.

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1999: Serena Williams wins U.S. Womens Open

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2000: Venus Williams wins Women’s Singles at Wimbledon

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RICK WILKING/AFP // Getty Images

2001: The Rev. Wilton D. Gregory becomes president of United States Conference of Catholic Bishops

A man of God his whole life, The Rev. Wilton D. Gregory has held many positions in the church. None, however, were as important as the one he would take on in November 2001 when he became the president of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. He was the first African-American to head an episcopal conference and was named Time’s Person of the Week in 2002 for his measured approach of defrocking priests embroiled in the sex abuse scandal of the Roman Catholic Church.

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Everett Collection // Shutterstock

2002: Halle Berry wins Academy Award for ‘Monster’s Ball’

Halle Berry was the first African-American to take home the Academy’s Best Actress Award, for her portrayal of a grieving mother and widow in “Monster’s Ball.” Though the floodgates have opened for other women of color to be nominated in the same category, Berry holds the distinction of being the only black woman to win.

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2003: Dennis W. Archer becomes the president of the American Bar Association

Judge Dennis W. Archer made a name for himself in the world of law serving on the Michigan Supreme Court and also serving as mayor of the city for a time beginning in 1994. In 2003, his career was taken to another level when he was selected as the new president of the American Bar Association, the first African-American to hold the position.

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Joe Seer // Shutterstock

2004: Phylicia Rashād wins a Tony for Best Lead Actress in a play

Known for her role as Clair Huxtable on the 1980s sitcom “The Cosby Show,” actress Phylicia Rashād is no stranger to groundbreaking roles. She made history again playing the matriarch Lena Younger in “A Raisin in the Sun.” That role earned Rashād the distinction of becoming the first African-American woman to win the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play.

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Cherie A. Thurlby / DOD // Wikimedia Commons

2005: Condoleezza Rice becomes U.S. secretary of state

Condoleeza Rice worked as a national security advisor before becoming secretary of state from 2005 to 2009. During her time in the position, Rice dedicated herself to transforming diplomacy in the Middle East.

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YouTube

2006: Soulja Boy’s ‘Crank Dat’ goes viral

The 16-year-old rapper known as Soulja Boy became an overnight sensation after uploading his video “Crank Dat” to YouTube. The video was viewed more than 28 million times, making it one of the first viral music videos. The song and its catchy dance routine were a hit, with some calling the “Crank Dat” dance fad the biggest since 1996’s “The Macarena.” Later that year, the unsigned artist was nominated for a Grammy.

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YouTube

2007: Barbara Hillary goes to the North Pole

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Cecilio Ricardo, U.S. Air Force // Wikimedia Commons

2008: Barack Obama becomes president of the United States

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Walt Disney Pictures

2009: Disney’s first black princess premieres

In a long overdue move, Disney finally added a film starring a black princess to its catalog. “The Princess and the Frog” is set in 1920s New Orleans and follows a young woman called Tiana who dreams of opening her own restaurant. Her plans are dashed when she meets a two-faced prince who turns her into a frog. The film was a hit at the box office and was nominated for three Academy Awards.

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mark6mauno // Wikimedia Commons

2010: Dustin Byfuglien wins Stanley Cup with the Chicago Blackhawks

Charles E. Samuels started with humble beginnings as a correctional officer in 1988. In 2011, he became the first African-American man to oversee the Federal Bureau of Prisons. All his hard work paid off in 2015 when he was awarded the U.S. Department of Justice’s highest award, the Edward H. Levi Award for Outstanding Professionalism and Exemplary Integrity, which recognized his contributions to the law enforcement field.

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Richard David Ramsey // Wikimedia Commons

2012: Fred Luter Jr. is elected the president of the Southern Baptist Convention

The Southern Baptist Convention, founded in 1845, is considered by many to be an institution born out of slavery. So when the Rev. Fred Luter Jr. was elected as the group’s first black president, it was a signal to many that a change had arrived at the doorsteps of many Southern Baptists still holding outdated views.

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Disney | ABC Television Group

2013: Cheryl Boone Isaacs is elected president of Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

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Peabody Awards // flickr

2014: Ava DuVernay earns a Golden Globe nomination

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YouTube

2015: Bree Newsome brings down the flag

Artist and activist Bree Newsome drew national attention for her bold takedown of the Confederate flag in front of the South Carolina Capitol Building. Newsome’s act of defiance has gone down in history as a symbol against hatred and oppression.

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Terry Ballard // Wikimedia Commons

2016: Carla Hayden becomes librarian of Congress

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YouTube

2017: Tiffany Haddish hosts “Saturday Night Live”

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Jessica McGowan // Getty Images

2018: Stacey Abrams runs for governor of Georgia

The minority leader of the Georgia House of Representatives threw her hat in the ring in the fall of 2018 with her bid for governor of Georgia. Despite losing by roughly 55,000 votes, Stacey Abrams’ campaign put a much-needed spotlight on voter suppression, which still runs rampant in American politics.