This is Jane Seymour - Henry's third wife. He had Anne Boleyn beheaded so that he could marry Jane, who rewarded him by producing a son and heir to the throne - which neither Catherine of Aragon, nor Anne Boleyn had been able to do. She died of childbed fever within days of the birth.

Jane's son barely survived adolescence, so Henry's throne was eventually inherited by Elizabeth, Anne Boleyn's daughter.