Electrolux HEC Service manual

SERVICE MANUAL
LAUNDRY
Washing machines
 ELECTROLUX HOME PRODUCTS
ITALY S.p.A.
Spares Operations Italy
Corso Lino Zanussi,30
I - 33080 PORCIA /PN (ITALY)
Fax +39 0434 394096
Edition: 2006-01-12
Publication
number
599 37 47-13
HEC
Structural characteristics,
electrical components and
accessibility
EN
Production:
ZP - Porcia Italy
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CONTENTS
1
2
3
PURPOSE OF THIS SERVICE MANUAL .............................................................................................. 6
IMPORTANT NOTES ............................................................................................................................. 6
WASHING PRINCIPLES ........................................................................................................................ 7
3.1
Washing ............................................................................................................................................. 7
3.1.1
Results of the wash.................................................................................................................... 7
3.2
Fabrics ............................................................................................................................................... 8
3.2.1
Natural and artificial fibres.......................................................................................................... 8
3.2.2
Washing the various types of fibres ........................................................................................... 8
3.2.3
Washing animal fibres:............................................................................................................... 8
3.2.4
International symbols for washing of fabrics .............................................................................. 9
3.3
Classification of soiling .................................................................................................................... 10
3.4
Mechanical action ............................................................................................................................ 10
3.5
Duration of the washing cycle.......................................................................................................... 10
3.6
Water ............................................................................................................................................... 11
3.6.1
Formation of lime scale and ferrous oxide ............................................................................... 11
3.6.2
Hardness of the water .............................................................................................................. 11
3.6.3
Total water hardness................................................................................................................ 12
3.7
Detergents ....................................................................................................................................... 13
3.7.1
Composition of a detergent ...................................................................................................... 13
3.7.2
Functions of the principal components of a detergent ............................................................. 13
3.7.3
Functions of other components of a detergent ........................................................................ 14
3.7.4
Detergent quantities ................................................................................................................. 15
3.7.5
Washing additives .................................................................................................................... 16
3.7.6
Bleaching.................................................................................................................................. 16
3.8
The function of the water temperature............................................................................................. 17
3.8.1
Using the correct temperature.................................................................................................. 17
3.9
Washing machine programmes ....................................................................................................... 18
4
FRONT-LOADING WASHING MACHINE
“HEC” ............................................................................ 19
4.1
Washing system............................................................................................................................... 19
4.1.1
“ECO-BALL” ball valve ............................................................................................................. 20
4.1.2
Ball valve: operating principle .................................................................................................. 20
4.1.3
“JETSYSTEM” washing system ............................................................................................... 21
4.1.3.1
JETSYSTEM Hydraulic circuit............................................................................................ 21
4.2
Cabinet............................................................................................................................................. 22
4.3
Door ................................................................................................................................................. 22
4.3.1
Handle assembly..................................................................................................................... 22
4.4
Control panel.................................................................................................................................... 23
4.4.1
Examples of control panels ...................................................................................................... 23
4.5
Washing groups ............................................................................................................................... 24
4.5.1
Types of washing groups ......................................................................................................... 24
4.5.2
Washing group ......................................................................................................................... 25
4.5.2.1
Support for bearings........................................................................................................... 25
4.5.2.2
Drum................................................................................................................................... 26
4.5.2.3
Damper............................................................................................................................... 26
4.5.2.4
Drum rotation drive belt ...................................................................................................... 27
4.6
Detergent dispenser......................................................................................................................... 28
4.6.1
Detergent dispenser with multiple-outlet solenoid valve ("long" version) ................................ 28
4.6.1.1
Operating principle ............................................................................................................. 29
4.6.2
Detergent dispenser with multiple-outlet solenoid valve ("short" version G19) ....................... 30
4.6.2.1
Operating principle ............................................................................................................. 31
4.7
Washing machine with traditional washing system and “ECO-BALL” ball valve ............................. 32
4.8
“NEW JET” circulation circuit ........................................................................................................... 32
4.8.1
Drain filter ................................................................................................................................. 32
5
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS ............................................................................................................. 33
5.1
Suppressor....................................................................................................................................... 33
5.1.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 33
5.1.2
Electrical symbols .................................................................................................................... 33
5.1.3
Circuit diagrams ....................................................................................................................... 33
5.1.4
Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................. 33
5.2
Push-button...................................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 34
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5.2.2
Electrical symbol ...................................................................................................................... 34
5.2.3
Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................. 34
5.3
Door safety interlock (traditional version) ........................................................................................ 35
5.3.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 35
5.3.2
Electrical symbol ...................................................................................................................... 35
5.3.3
Circuit diagrams ....................................................................................................................... 35
5.3.4
Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................. 36
5.4
Instantaneous door safety interlock ................................................................................................. 36
5.4.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 36
5.4.2
Operating principle ................................................................................................................... 36
5.4.2.1
"Door open" conditions....................................................................................................... 37
5.4.2.2
Automatic release device ................................................................................................... 37
5.4.2.3
Protective cut-out for solenoid valve .................................................................................. 37
5.4.3
Electrical symbol ...................................................................................................................... 37
5.4.4
Circuit diagram ......................................................................................................................... 37
5.5
Solenoid valve.................................................................................................................................. 38
5.5.1
General characteristics ........................................................................................................... 38
5.5.2
Electrical symbol ...................................................................................................................... 38
5.5.3
Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................. 38
5.6
Pressure switch................................................................................................................................ 39
5.6.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 39
5.6.2
Pressure switch hydraulic circuit.............................................................................................. 39
5.6.3
Operating principle ................................................................................................................... 40
5.6.4
Electrical symbol ...................................................................................................................... 40
5.6.5
Circuit diagram ......................................................................................................................... 40
5.6.6
Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................. 40
5.7
Analogue (electronic) pressure switch............................................................................................. 41
5.7.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 41
5.7.2
Operating principle ................................................................................................................... 41
5.7.3
Electrical symbol ...................................................................................................................... 42
5.7.4
Circuit diagrams and operating frequency ............................................................................... 42
5.7.5
Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................. 42
5.8
Commutator motor ........................................................................................................................... 43
5.8.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 43
5.8.2
Operating principle ................................................................................................................... 43
5.8.2.1
Control of the speed of the motor....................................................................................... 44
5.8.2.2
Direction of motor rotation .................................................................................................. 44
5.8.2.3
Tachymetric generator ....................................................................................................... 45
5.8.3
Electrical symbols .................................................................................................................... 45
5.8.4
Circuit diagram ......................................................................................................................... 46
5.8.5
Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................. 46
5.9
Induction motors (asynchronous) .................................................................................................... 47
5.9.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 47
5.9.2
Operating principle ................................................................................................................... 47
5.9.3
Checking the efficiency ............................................................................................................ 47
5.10 Inverter (if featured) ......................................................................................................................... 48
5.11 Heating element............................................................................................................................... 49
5.11.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 49
5.11.2
Electrical symbol ...................................................................................................................... 49
5.11.3
Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................. 49
5.12 NTC temperature sensor (incorporated in the heating element) ..................................................... 50
5.12.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 50
5.12.2
Electrical symbol ...................................................................................................................... 50
5.12.3
Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................. 50
5.13 Drain pump ...................................................................................................................................... 51
5.13.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 51
5.13.2
Electrical symbol ...................................................................................................................... 51
5.13.3
Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................. 51
5.14 Water control (if featured) ................................................................................................................ 52
5.15 Circulation pump (if featured) .......................................................................................................... 53
5.15.1
General characteristics ............................................................................................................ 53
5.15.2
Electrical symbol ...................................................................................................................... 53
5.15.3
Checking for efficiency ............................................................................................................. 53
5.16 Circuit diagrams ............................................................................................................................... 54
5.16.1
Wiring diagram ......................................................................................................................... 54
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5.16.2
Wiring ....................................................................................................................................... 55
5.16.3
Part numbers for wiring ............................................................................................................ 55
5.16.4
Basic circuit diagram ................................................................................................................ 56
6
ACCESSING COMPONENTS .............................................................................................................. 57
6.1
Access from the work top ................................................................................................................ 57
6.1.1
Electronic pressure switch ....................................................................................................... 57
6.1.2
Pressure swtich........................................................................................................................ 57
6.1.3
Suppressor ............................................................................................................................... 58
6.1.4
Cable grommet......................................................................................................................... 58
6.1.5
Solenoid valve .......................................................................................................................... 58
6.1.6
Control panel ............................................................................................................................ 59
6.1.7
Main PCB ................................................................................................................................. 59
6.1.8
Control/display board ............................................................................................................... 59
6.1.9
Detergent dispenser................................................................................................................. 60
6.1.10
Removing the duct from the dispenser .................................................................................... 60
6.2
Access from the front panel ............................................................................................................. 61
6.2.1
Door.......................................................................................................................................... 61
6.2.2
Door hinge................................................................................................................................ 61
6.2.3
Door safety interlock ................................................................................................................ 61
6.2.4
Bellows seal ............................................................................................................................. 62
6.2.5
Front side ................................................................................................................................. 62
6.2.6
Drain filter pump body .............................................................................................................. 63
6.3
Access from the rear panel.............................................................................................................. 64
6.3.1
Drive belt .................................................................................................................................. 64
6.3.2
Pulley........................................................................................................................................ 64
6.3.3
Motor ........................................................................................................................................ 65
6.3.4
Heating element ....................................................................................................................... 65
6.3.5
Circulation pump (if featured)................................................................................................... 65
6.3.6
Water control (if featured) ........................................................................................................ 65
6.4
Access from the bottom of the appliance......................................................................................... 66
6.4.1
Damper..................................................................................................................................... 66
6.4.2
Filter body tub hose + Pressure chamber ................................................................................ 66
6.4.3
Drain pump............................................................................................................................... 66
6.4.4
Inverter ..................................................................................................................................... 66
6.5
Washing group................................................................................................................................. 67
6.6
Drum and tub shells ......................................................................................................................... 67
6.6.1
Drum shaft bearings................................................................................................................. 68
6.6.2
Drum spider.............................................................................................................................. 68
6.6.3
Front counterweight ................................................................................................................. 68
6.6.4
Rear counterweight .................................................................................................................. 68
6.7
Drum lifter ........................................................................................................................................ 69
7
TOOLS AND MATERIALS.................................................................................................................... 70
7.1
Standard tools.................................................................................................................................. 70
7.2
Materials .......................................................................................................................................... 71
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1
PURPOSE OF THIS SERVICE MANUAL
The purpose of this Service Manual is to provide Service Engineers, who already have the basic knowledge
necessary to repair household washing machines, with information of a general nature regarding the HEC
range of washing machines.
More detailed information regarding specific models may be found in the Service Notes and Service
Manuals (issued separately) for each specific model or functionality.
This information covers:
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2
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Circuit diagrams
Exploded views of spare parts
Spare parts lists
Functions and diagnostics
IMPORTANT NOTES
Repairs to electrical appliances must be effected only by qualified personnel.
Before accessing the components inside the appliance, always remove the plug from the power socket.
Where possible, ohmic measurements should be effected rather than direct measurement of voltage
and current.
Certain metal components inside the appliance may have sharp edges. Care should be taken to avoid
cuts or abrasions.
Before laying the appliance on the floor, always drain any water by means of the system placed beside
the drain filter.
Never lay the appliance on its right side (i.e. electronic control unit side); this would cause the water in
the detergent dispenser to fall onto electrical components, thus damaging them.
After repairing the appliance, always perform the final tests.
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3
WASHING PRINCIPLES
3.1 Washing
The washing of the fabrics consists of transferring the dirt from the
fabrics to the water, and is achieved using the following:
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detergent
mechanical action
temperature
time
The washing operation comprises four phases:
1. Soaking (the fabrics must be completely soaked).
2. Dispersal of the dirt (which must be separated from the fabrics).
3. Suspension of the dirt (once removed from the fabrics, the dirt must not re-deposit, but must be held in
suspension).
4. Elimination of the dirt by means of draining and rinses.
3.1.1
Results of the wash
In order to obtain satisfactory washing results, it is necessary to know:
♦
the nature of the fibres
♦
the nature of the soiling
♦
the hardness of the water
♦
the products used for the wash (detergent, conditioners, bleach etc.)
and then to select the appropriate washing cycles.
The results of the wash depend on a number of factors:
•
•
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•
•
•
•
type of fabric
type of water
type of soiling
type and quantity of detergent
temperature of the water
efficiency of the rinses
time and speed of the spin cycles
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3.2 Fabrics
3.2.1
Natural and artificial fibres
NATURAL FIBRES
Wool
ANIMAL FIBRES
Special wool
Silk
Cotton
Linen
CELLULOSE VEGETABLE FIBRES Canapa
Hemp
Ramie
ARTIFICIAL FIBRES
Viscosa rayon
Cupro rayon
Special rayons
ARTIFICIAL CHEMICAL FIBRES
Rayon and polynosics
Acetate rayon
Triacetate rayon
Polyamide fibres
Polyurethane fibres
SYNTHETIC CHEMICAL FIBRES
Polyureic fibres
Polyester fibres
Polytechnical fibres
3.2.2
Washing the various types of fibres
3.2.3
Washing animal fibres:
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Neutral detergents
Greater quantity of water
Maximum temperature 40°C
Minimum mechanical agitation, short times
Cellulose vegetable fibres:
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Alkaline (Base) detergents
Bleach (if used): Sodium hypochlorite (NaClo)
High water temperature (if OK for coloureds; for linen, if heavily soiled, bleaching is preferable to
washing at high temperatures).
Normal quantity of water
Vigorous and prolonged mechanical action
Spinning
Artificial chemical fibres:
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Neutral detergents
Less mechanical action and minimum spinning
Greater quantity of water
Maximum temperature: 70°C (whites), 50°C (coloureds); bleach with a diluted solution of Sodium
hypochlorite (NaClo) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Synthetic chemical fibres:
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Stronger detergents
Maximum temperature 40-60°C
Short wash
Medium spin speed
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3.2.4
International symbols for washing of fabrics
Labels marked with the following symbols are affixed to the garments, and provide valuable information
relative to their treatment.
WASHING
ACTION
NORMAL
Wash at
95°C
Wash at
60°C
Wash at
40°C
Wash at
30°C
Delicate
hand-wash
DELICATE
BLEACH
IRONING
DRYCLEANING
May be bleached in COLD water
Hot iron
max 200°C
Medium iron
max 150°C
DO NOT
WASH
DO NOT BLEACH
Cool iron
max 110°C
These symbols are used by the dry-cleaner to identify the
correct solvent and cleaning process for each garment to be
dry-cleaned
DO NOT IRON
DO NOT DRYCLEAN
Normal temperature
Reduced temperature
DRYING
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3.3 Classification of soiling
The dirt in the fabrics consists essentially of:
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PROTEICN-BASED substances
OXIDABLE substances
GREASE
VARIOUS substances
CHEMICAL substances
Protein soiling (enzymatic) - sensitive to ENZYMES
Blood, Eggs, Chocolate, Grass etc.
Oxidable substances - sensitive to BLEACH
Wine, Tea, Coffee, Fruit etc.
Greasy soiling - sensitive to SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS
Oil, Butter, Salt etc.
Various types of soiling - sensitive to specific products
Rust, Chewing-gum, Mildew
Chemical soiling - sensitive to specific products
Ink, Mercury-Chrome, Deodorants, Paints
3.4 Mechanical action
The mechanical action of the appliance is produced by the combination of clockwise/anti-clockwise rotation
of the drum, which agitates the wash load in the washing solution. This action tends to transfer the dirt from
the fabrics to the washing solution (water + chemical products).
The mechanical action may be VIGOROUS or DELICATE:
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Vigorous drum movement in alternating directions (clockwise and anti-clockwise) is suitable for cotton
and polyester fabrics.
Delicate drum movement in alternating directions (clockwise and anti-clockwise) is suitable for wool and
delicate fibres.
3.5 Duration of the washing cycle
Each washing cycle requires a minimum duration in order to guarantee satisfactory results. The duration of
the cycle depends on the type of fabric, the type of soiling and the quantity of washing in the drum.
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3.6
Water
Water is the most important element in the washing process, and is fundamental to the final result. Ideally,
the water used for the wash should have the following composition:
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Clear and transparent, a low level of hardness, absence of manganese, low iron and mineral salt
content.
The water may contain various substances (mineral and others) in varying quantities:
 Fe (iron), Mg (manganese), Si (silicon), Na (sodium), Ca (calcium), K (potassium).
Some of these substances, if they exceed a certain level or are present in combination, may lead to the
formation of ferrous oxide, which causes the well-known phenomenon of "rust spots".
In addition, if present in excessive quantities in the water, some substances may react with the chemicals
contained in the detergent, altering its characteristics and preventing it from performing with full efficiency.
During the heating phase, calcium and manganese - if present in excessive quantities - react at
temperatures in excess of 60°C, producing calcareous substances that, suspended in the washing solution,
may adhere to the fabrics.
These calcareous substances may precipitate, forming a scale build-up on the internal components of the
appliance (tub, heating element, filter body etc.).
3.6.1 Formation of lime scale and ferrous oxide
As rain falls through the atmosphere, it dissolves the gases that it contains: when it comes into contact with
carbon dioxide, the rain absorbs the gas and transforms it into droplets of dilute carbonic acid (H2O+CO2 =
H2CO3).
When the carbonic acid falls onto calcareous rocks, it reacts with the limestone to form a solution of Calcium
bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2.
The problems of rust spots deposited on the washing are due mainly to the presence of ferrous oxide in the
water. It is difficult to determine the quantity of ferrous oxide originally present in the water and the quantity
that forms by reaction. If a filter with a very fine mesh is installed on the tap supplying the appliance, ferrous
residue will be deposited after only a few days. This is one of the major obstacles to achieving a satisfactory
washing result.
3.6.2 Hardness of the water
According to current conventions, the hardness of the water refers to the concentration of calcium and
magnesium ions. In general, a distinction is made between total hardness, permanent hardness, temporary
hardness, alkaline (carbonate) and non-alkaline hardness.
The total hardness indicates the concentration of calcium and magnesium, while the temporary hardness
refers only to magnesium and calcium bicarbonate, which precipitate when the water boils.
Permanent hardness is caused by all the salts which, after boiling, do not precipitate in the same way as
carbonates, but instead remain suspended in the solution (thus including sulphates, chlorides and calcium
and magnesium nitrates).
The alkaline (or carbonate) hardness refers to soluble bicarbonates, hydroxides and carbonates. The excess
hardness with respect to the alkaline hardness is referred to as the non-alkaline (non-carbonate) hardness.
The hardness of the water is caused by soluble calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) salts, expressed as
calcium carbonate, measured in "°F", and calcium oxide, which is measured in "°D".
From a toxicological viewpoint, hard water does not appear to be harmful to human beings. On the contrary,
it has been observed that the presence of calcium and magnesium helps to prevent certain illnesses such as
hypertension and cardiac arrest.
However, at an industrial level, hard water may cause scale to form on mechanical parts due to the
presence of carbonates, sulphates and alkaline-terrous metal silicates. This scale build-up can significantly
reduce the efficiency of a machine. Especially at risk are components such as heat exchangers, boilers,
domestic appliances (washing machines, dishwashers etc.), because the reaction is endothermic. In other
words, the formation of carbonates is facilitated by an increase in temperature. In the dyeing industry,
calcium and magnesium may cause certain colouring agents to precipitate, thus causing uneven distribution
of the colour on the fabrics.
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3.6.3
Total water hardness
Total hardness is the sum of the temporary hardness (caused by calcium and magnesium bicarbonates) and
the permanent hardness (caused by sulphates, chlorides and calcium/magnesium nitrates).
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Hardness expressed in French degrees (°F) represents the quantity of calcium carbonate, in grammes,
contained in 100 litres of water.
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Hardness expressed in German degrees (°D) represents the quantity of calcium oxide, again in
grammes per 100 litres of water.
Conversion of °F - °D:
1 °D = 1,79 °F
1 °F = 0,56 °D
Classification of total water hardness expressed in °F and °D
SOFT
AVERAGE HARDNESS
HARD
VERY HARD
°F
0 – 14
15 – 26
27 – 39
> 40
°D
0-7
7 - 14
14 - 21
> 21
Negative effects of hard water:
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Reduction in the effectiveness of anionic surface-active agents.
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Increase in the quantity of dirt re-deposited.
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Increase of residue deposited on the fabrics.
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Increase of scale formation on the heating elements.
Hard water may cause the formation of incrustation on mechanical parts, due to the presence of carbonates,
sulphates and alkaline-terrous metal silicates. This may also lead to a considerable reduction in the
efficiency of the appliance, since the reaction is endothermic; in other words, the increase in temperature
favours the formation of carbonates.
The most important of the soluble salts present in water are calcium bicarbonate and magnesium
bicarbonate. When the water is heated to over 60°C, these react and precipitate to form limescale (which
deposits on the fabrics and causes stiffness).
Water softening mechanisms
Hard water can be softened in three ways:
SEQUESTRATION: soluble compounds such as TPF, polycarboxylics, citrates
PRECIPITATION: insoluble compounds such as soaps, sodium carbonate
ION EXCHANGE: insoluble compounds such as zeolites, lamellar silicates.
Water softeners are used only for washing temperatures in excess of 60°C, i.e. when the high temperature
causes the calcium to precipitate.
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3.7 Detergents
Modern detergents are less aggressive than those used in the past, partly for reasons of environmental
protection and partly to prevent damaging the fibres. If used correctly, these offer an excellent protective
treatment and a high level of washing power.
Detergents that contain no phosphates are far more sensitive to the reaction with calcium. When the door of
a washing machine is opened, the user will immediately observe that the interior is clean and shiny if highquality detergents have been used.
3.7.1
Composition of a detergent
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SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS (soap and active washing substances)
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ZEOLITES (water softeners)
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ALKALIS
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BLEACHING AGENTS
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OPTICAL WHITENERS
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OTHERS: Enzymes, stabilizing agents, CMC, colouring agents, perfumed essences, TAED, PVP,
lipase, protease.
3.7.2
Functions of the principal components of a detergent
1. SOAP: A detergent that is soluble in water, composed of sodium or potassium salts, fatty acids (such as
oleic or stearic). The main function of soap is to dissolve grease. During the washing cycle, the grease
precipitates, creating insoluble calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) salts which, if present in excessive
quantities, tend to become attached to the fabrics (black balls).
2. SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS: synthetic substances with wetting and detergent properties, and able to
reduce the surface tension thus facilitating the penetration of the washing solution into the fabrics to
dissolve the dirt. These agents disperse and emulsify the dirt and grease, which are then held in
suspension in the washing solution.
3. SILICATES: alkaline substances that improve the washing result, protecting the fabrics or dishes and
the appliance itself from corrosion. Not aggressive to the skin.
4. ANTI-FOAM (regulator): the correct quantity of foam is necessary for the effectiveness of the
mechanical action, and therefore influences the intensity of the wash (large quantities of foam reduce
the mechanical action and vice versa). Anionic surface-active agents generally increase the quantity of
foam.
5. ZEOLITES: Zeolite is an insoluble solid that absorbs or fixes calcium ions, replacing them with sodium
ions (to reduce hardness), thus increasing the effectiveness of the detergent.
6. ALKALIS: alkalis make the washing solution alkaline, increasing the washing power and swelling the
fibres so that the dirt is dissolved more easily. In addition, alkalis help to remove scale build-up from the
appliance.
7. BLEACHES: bleaches are generally perborates (substances that generate active oxygen). Active
oxygen is released during the washing phase between 60°C and 90°C, and requires the presence of
stabilizers to ensure uniform action. The oxidizing power of the active oxygen released eliminates
substances that stain the fibres.
8. OPTIC WHITENERS (also known as blueing agents): optic whiteners are organic chemical substances
that can transform ultraviolet light into visible "BLUE" light (yellow + blue = white).
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3.7.3
Functions of other components of a detergent
1. ENZYMES: Enzymes are proteins produced by living cells (animal and vegetable) and are able to
transform organic materials with a high molecular weight, such as starches, proteins and fats, into more
easily soluble products. These integrate with and facilitate the action of the detergent, eliminating
protein-based dirt. Their direct action also facilitates the removal of other types of dirt. In order to give
positive results, enzymatic products must be used at temperatures between 40°C and 60°C (maximum).
At higher temperatures, the proteins contained in the enzymes (which are temperature-labile) are
vulnerable to denaturing. Denaturation causes irreversible alterations in the structure, leading to the
loss of the enzymatic action.
Protease - which is present in enzymatic detergents - is equally active in the presence of fresh and old
proteins alike.
Enzymatic detergents are especially active in both the pre-wash phase and in separate soak cycles.
In all soak processes, products containing enzymes able to dissociate the proteins improve the results
of the wash considerably. In addition, enzymes vertically break down scale incrustations deposited on
the appliance, thus helping to detach the alkalis present in the detergent.
2. STABILIZING AGENTS: These are chemical products designed to control the uniformity of the bleach
by stabilizing the washing solution.
3. CMC: CMC is used to hold the dirt in suspension so that dirt particles are not re-deposited on the
fabrics.
4. COLOURING AGENTS: These serve exclusively to make the product more attractive to the eye.
5. PERFUMED ESSENCES: Give the washing a pleasant fragrance.
6. TAED: TAED reacts with the perborate to form peracetic acid, which has strong bleaching and
disinfectant properties even at low temperatures (reacting from a temperature of just 30°C). However, if
the TAED content is excessive, coloured fabrics may fade. By itself, perborate reacts at temperatures in
excess of 60°C, while perborate with TAED begins to react at 30°C.
7. PVP: An ingredient that prevents colour transfer.
8. LIPASE: Chemical substances (enzymes) that dissolve fats by hydrolization.
9. PROTEASE: Chemical substances that destroy proteins (casein, albumin, gelatine, blood protein,
perspiration, food residue, fruit juice). These release albumin molecules, which become soluble in water.
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3.7.4
Detergent quantities
- efficiency of the washing programme according to the load and the water hardness.
In order to perform its function completely and correctly, the appropriate quantity of detergent must be used,
which depends on the quantity of water that is contained in the tub of the washing machine, the type of
washing cycle, the type of fabrics, the type of soiling and the quantity of washing in the drum.
Small quantities of detergent will be insufficient for efficient washing. But excessive quantities of detergent
will cause yellowing of the fabrics, since the final rinse will not be sufficient to remove all the excess
detergent, traces of which will remain on the fabrics.
The detergent properties of the soap are considerably reduced when the water is hard. The harder the
water, the greater is the possibility that calcareous soap will precipitate: 1 gramme of calcium bonds to 16
grammes of soap, thus making the soap ineffective and reducing the washing power significantly.
The combination of calcareous soap forms lumps of fat which remain attached to the dirt. This fatty
substance tends to deposit on the edges of the sink, on the bathtub and on the seals of the washing
machine. It also deposits easily on the fabrics, turning them a greyish colour (stains); in addition, it
considerably reduces the capacity of the fabrics for absorption.
The hardness of the water not only reduces the washing power of the detergent, but also reduces the
softness, resistance and whiteness of the fabrics washed.
When hardening agents such as Ca (calcium) and Mg (magnesium) react with certain components of the
detergent, the fabrics may become encrusted (calcium and detergent deposits) after a number of washes.
These give the fabrics a greyish colour and make them rough to the touch, as well as reducing their capacity
for absorption significantly. This phenomenon is especially noticeable in the case of terrycloth garments
(shower robes, towels etc.), causing them to lose their particular properties and to wear out faster.
Quantities recommended by the producers

Normal/concentrated detergent:

Obviously, appliances designed with reduced consumption in mind (energy label) and belonging to
energy classes A, B, C and D are designed to wash using up to 50% less detergent than other
appliances.
PRE-WASH DETERGENTS:
COMPLETE DETERGENTS:
SPECIAL DETERGENTS:
150 - 300 g. / 15 g. per 15l. H2O
Powder detergents
→ WITH ENZYMES
→ REDUCED-FOAM
→ EXTRA-FOAM (for hand washing)
→ FOR DELICATE FABRICS AND WOOL
→ FOR COLOURED FABRICS
Liquid detergents
→ FOR HDLD COLOUR-FAST COLOUREDS
→ FOR SYNTHETIC FIBRES
→ LDLD FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE WASHING (DELICATES)
→ FOR WOOL AND DELICATE SYNTHETIC FIBRES
→ FOR HEAVY-DUTY HAND- OR MACHINE WASHING
→ FOR PRE-TREATMENT OF PERSISTENT STAINS
Compact detergents
→ EXCELLENT FOR ALL WASHES - THE QUANTITY DEPENDS ON THE BRAND
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3.7.5
Washing additives
1. SOFTENER: (Cationic surface-active agent + fragrance): This additive is introduced automatically by the
appliance during the final rinse. It softens the surface of the fabric, which thus remains soft to the touch
and easier to iron. If used incorrectly before or during the wash, or if introduced too early into the tub by
the water fill system, its action is rendered ineffective by the surface-active agents contained in the
detergent.
2. BLEACH: (sodium hypochlorite) - Used for white fabrics, before the main wash cycle. 150 ml of bleach
will be sufficient for a short, low-temperature wash. Care should be taken when bleaching: certain stains
(blood, perspiration), if bleached before the enzyme-based function, may become permanently fixed to
the fabric, giving an unsatisfactory washing result. In normal washes, the bleach must be introduced
automatically by the washing machine during the first rinse, at the end of the washing phase and after
the detergent has performed its functions, since it destroys the enzymes contained in the detergent. If
the stains have already become permanent after a previous wash, they will be impossible to remove.
3. DELICATE BLEACH (hydrogen peroxide) - Oxygen is not as strong as chloride, especially if the water is
very hard. It must always be used together with the detergent, both for hand washing and when using a
washing machine. It may be used for pre-treatment, but always followed by a wash using detergent. It
may be used at all temperatures and during the wash (together with detergent), or poured directly onto
the fabrics.
3.7.6
Bleaching
Bleaching is generally performed after the wash (by hand or in a machine), except in the case of wine, tea or
coffee stains etc.
Light-sensitive stains (tomato etc.), if appearing on the fabrics after the wash, may disappear when the fabric
is exposed to sunlight for a time (action of the sun's rays).
If a white fabric is treated with bleach and then exposed to sunlight, the optical effect may be cancelled, and
yellowish stains may become noticeable. However, these will tend to disappear when the garment is no
longer exposed to the sun.
Using bleaches
Various types of bleach exist to suit different conditions of use, since they remain active either within or in
excess of certain temperatures.

Hypochlorite: must always be used cold (during the 1st rinse)

Peroxide: may be used above 60° during the washing phase

Delicate bleach (solid): a teaspoonful should be added to the detergent. Suitable for all types of fabrics,
including coloureds. Active at medium and high temperatures.

Delicate bleach (liquid, i.e. hydrogen peroxide) should be introduced into the appropriate compartment.

Active perborate: active at temperatures in excess of 60°C.
N.B.
If hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite are used for bleaching, or in the presence of
"activators" attached to the garments (ferrous accessories such as buttons, buckles, zips, hooks etc.), these
may cause holes in the fabric or stiffness of the fibres due to re-deposited oxides which form the well-known
"rust spots".
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3.8 The function of the water temperature
The variety and quality of natural and synthetic fibres which comprise the fabrics, which are sometimes
present in percentages that are not declared correctly on the labels, make it necessary in many cases to use
a detergent whose washing action is effective at low temperatures. As a result, the consumer today tends to
use washing programmes with a maximum temperature of about 60°C, partly due to increasing sensitivity to
energy savings.
Manufacturers of detergents, in line with this trend, have modified the quality of their products to meet this
need, and frequently emphasize these characteristics in their promotional activities.

Temperature helps to dissolve the dirt (solvent effect)

Temperature facilitates and accelerates the chemical reactions, especially when bleaching.
The "CORRECT" temperature in the various phases of the washing cycle:



reduces the cohesion of the dirt
facilitates the suspension of the dirt in the water
facilitates the reaction of the alkalis (swelling the fabrics so that the dirt is dissolved more easily)
High temperatures do not facilitate the removal of all types of dirt; in fact, blood, egg-yolk, milk etc. are more
easily removed if washed in cold water; if hot water is used, these stains adhere more strongly to the fibres
and become more difficult to remove.
3.8.1
Using the correct temperature
The temperature of the washing solution is used to remove the dirt and to ensure hygiene.
HIGH TEMPERATURE = 80 - 90°C
Suitable for difficult soiling: cotton and linen (whites) with bleach, perborate and hydrogen peroxide.
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE = 50 - 60°C (most washing cycles)
Suitable for washing colour-fast fabrics: cotton and linen (coloured) with hypochlorite-Based bleaches.
LOW TEMPERATURE = 30 - 40°C
Suitable for washing wool, synthetic fabrics, other delicate fibres, and for soaking of fabrics soiled with blood
or protein-based substances.
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3.9
Washing machine programmes
Pre-wash
(not for wool and, in some
cases, delicate fabrics)
Wash
1st rinse
2nd - 3rd rinse
Final rinse (softener)
(Rinse-hold)
Final spin
SOI/DT 2006-01 dmm
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
5.
1.
2.
1.
1.
2.
-
Water fill with detergent introduced from the pre-wash compartment
Brief heating phase and hot wash (30 - 40°C)
Drain
(Brief spin)
Water fill with detergent introduced from the wash compartment
Heating and hot wash
30÷90°C for cotton and linen
30÷60°C for synthetic fibres
30÷40°C for wool, silk and delicate fabrics
Maintenance phase (mechanical action after the heating phase)
Cooling water fill (in cotton cycles, reduces the temperature of the drain
water, in synthetic cycles as an anti-crease cycle)
Drain
Brief spin (cotton/linen only)
Water fill (and, if selected, introduction of bleach for cotton/linen only)
Cold wash
Drain
Brief intermediate spin (if selected - cotton/linen only)
Water fill
Cold wash
Drain
Brief intermediate spin (if selected - cotton/linen only)
Water fill to softener compartment
Cold wash
In cotton/linen cycles, the programme generally passes to the subsequent
phase; it stops with water in the tub (rinse-hold) only if this function has
been selected
Drain
Final spin
at maximum speed for cotton/linen
brief and at reduced speed for synthetics, delicates and wool
STOP
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4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
4.1
FRONT-LOADING WASHING MACHINE
“HEC”
Electronic board
Detergent dispenser
Tub suspension spring
Tub
Pressure switch
Detergent entry tube
Tube between solenoid and detergent
dispenser
Solenoid
Water fill hose
Rear counterweight
Drum pulley
Bearings
Heating element with NTC
Drain hose
Motor pulley
Motor
Damper
Drain pump
Pressure chamber
Drain filter
Tube between tub and filter body
Eco-ball
Door safety interlock
Door
Door seal
Front counterweight
Drum
Washing system
In a washing machine, the dirt in the fibres is removed by a combination of mechanical and chemical
actions.
The solenoid valve ducts water through the detergent dispenser, where it collects the detergent and passes
into the tub. The correct water level is controlled by one or more pressure switches.
The fabrics loaded into the drum are maintained in constant movement by the rotation of the drum.
The particles of dirt, after being separated from the fibres of the fabric by the chemical action of the
detergent and the temperature of the water, are removed by the passage of the water through the fibres.
This action is obtained by a continuous series of immersions and agitations of the fabrics in the washing
solution.
The heating element is switched on until the selected temperature is reached; the temperature of the water
is controlled by thermostats or sensors.
At the end of the washing cycle, the dirty water is drained by the drain pump.
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4.1.1
“ECO-BALL” ball valve
The "Eco-ball" valve consists of a sphere
contained inside the tube that connects the tub to
the filter body. Its purpose is to keep the washing
water (contained in the tub) separate from the
water in the drain circuit.
Advantages with respect to a conventional circuit:



Energy savings: the water inside the drain circuit is not heated.
The detergent does not deposit on the filter body, thus improving the quality of the wash (reduction in
mechanical detergent losses).
Better rinsing efficiency
4.1.2
Ball valve: operating principle

During the water fill and washing phases, the sphere is raised by the water contained in the drain circuit
to the uppermost position, thus preventing water from passing between the tub and the filter body.

During the drain phases, the suction effect
created by the operation of the pump causes the
sphere to move downwards, thus allowing the
water to flow through the drain circuit.
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4.1.3
“JETSYSTEM” washing system

In the "Jetsystem" washing system, considering that the removal of the dirt is performed solely by the
water that passes through the fibres, the remaining part of the washing solution has been eliminated.

In other words, this system is based on the possibility of washing the fabrics using only the water used
to wet them; the quantity of water introduced into the appliance is therefore proportional to the type and
quantity of the fabrics in the drum.

The water is introduced by the solenoid valve; its level is controlled by a pressure switch.

The water present in the bottom of the tub is circulated by a pump, which ducts it to the fabrics through
an aperture in the bellows seal.

The mechanical action is provided by the bi-directional rotation of the drum at low speed; the wash load
is continuously rotated inside the drum by three drum lifters.
4.1.3.1 JETSYSTEM Hydraulic circuit
1. Water fill solenoid
2. Detergent dispenser
3. Tube from detergent
dispenser to tub
4. Tub
5. Drum
6. Drain filter
7. Drain hose
8. Drain pump
9. Tube between tub and filter
body
10. Circulation pump intake tube
11. Circulation pump
12. Circulation tube
13. Heating element with NTC
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4.2
Cabinet
The cabinet consists of a steel metal-plate shell on
which are screwed the inferior crossbars and the back
side; the rear panel and the front panel are screwed to
the cabinet to facilitate the access to the components.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Front panel
Lower crosspieces
Control panel support
Tub support and tub springs
Rear panel for narrow version
Rear panel for deep version
Transportation bracket for narrow version
Transportation bracket for deep version
Cabinet
4.3
Door
The door, available in different styling, is of great dimensions
to facilitate the loading operations of the clothes:
• differently-styled surrounds
• type of opening (various handles)
4.3.1
Handle assembly
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Front surround
Rear surround
Latch
Hinge pin
Latch spring
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Handle
Hinge pin
Latch
Latch spring
Handle spring (certain models only)
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4.4
Control panel
The plastic control panel is secured to the control panel support by some screws.
The shape of the control panel depends on the styling
and therefore the brand of the appliance.
Various types of control panels are available for each styling, each fitted with a different number of buttons
and knobs.
4.4.1
Examples of control panels
ALFA ONE (JEWELS)
DELTA3
SIGMA CLUB DISPLAY
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SIGMA LCD
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4.5
Washing groups
The washing group is suspended from the support crosspiece by two helical springs.
The oscillation of the washing group is absorbed by the two dampers attached to the lower crossbars.
Balancing of the washing group is provided by a front counterweight in cement and by a rear counterweight.
4.5.1
Types of washing groups
The washing machines may be fitted with washing groups of varying dimensions and spin speeds.
Type
G19
G20
G22
G23
Spin speed
400
500
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
WASHING GROUPS
Load capacity (cotton)
Max.
5 Kg
6 Kg
7 Kg
8 Kg
Residual humidity
85 %
78 %
66 %
60 %
53 %
52 %
44 %
42 %
Drum volume
42 l
46 l
54 l
63 l
Efficiency of spin
F
E
D
C
B
B
A
A
CARBORAN
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4.5.2
Washing group
The tub consists of two half-shells in Carboran, secured
together by a series of self-tapping screws (in the future the
two half-shells will no longer be secured with screws but
sealed between them).
The two counterweights are screwed to the half-shells.
The bellows seal is secured to the front half-shell by a metal
elastic ring.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Front half-shell
O-ring
Rear half-shell
Drum
Front counterweight
Counterweight anchor
screw
Bellows seal
Ring securing the seal to
the tub
Ring securing the seal to
the cabinet
Rear counterweight
Washing group
suspension springs
Damper
Damper hinge pin
Half-shell anchor screws
4.5.2.1 Support for bearings
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Rear tub shell
Bearing support
Drum shaft
External bearing
Internal bearing
Drum shaft bushing
Drum shaft seal
Drum
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4.5.2.2 Drum
The drum consists of a stainless steel casing to which the two
flanges are crimped.
Three Carboran lifters are pressure-fitted to the internal face of
the drum.
The drum spider, in aluminium alloy, is secured to the edge of
the drum by screws.
A brass bushing is pressure-fitted to the drum shaft.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Drum casing
Flange
Drum lifter
Drum spider
Screws
Drum shaft
Drum shaft bushing
Drum spider
4.5.2.3 Damper
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Rubber vibration damper
Shaft
Shaft seals
Cylinder
Bush
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4.5.2.4 Drum rotation drive belt
These appliances are fitted with elastic drive belts. The motor is
mounted in a fixed position, and no regulation is possible.
1. Motor pulley
2. Elastic drive belt
3. Drum pulley
Different types of drive belts, produced by various manufacturers and with different characteristics, are used
in production.
The length marked on the drive belt (1217, 1280 etc.) is the working length based on the belt mounted on
the pulleys, which is calculated according to the following parameters:
∅ D = diameter of drum pulley
∅ de = diameter of motor pulley
I = centre-line distance between the pulleys
For a given working length, the belts - which consist of different materials - have a different degree of
elasticity. This means that, when not fitted to the appliance, their lengths may be different. It is normal that
the length of a belt not fitted to the pulleys of one supplier is different to the belt of another supplier.
The belts are of the poly-V type, and are marked with two further parameters:
•
•
shape of the drive belt (J / H)
number of teeth (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)
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4.6
Detergent dispenser
4.6.1
Detergent dispenser with multiple-outlet solenoid valve ("long" version)
The water is ducted into the detergent compartment by a solenoid valve with one inlet and 2 or 3 outlets.
The detergent drawer may consist of 3 or 4 compartments.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Fill hose
Water fill solenoid
Tube
Dispenser nozzle
Dispenser duct
Siphon for additives
Detergent drawer
Clamp
Detergent entry tube
Detergent dispenser
•
•
•
Water duct with four compartments
2- or 3-way water inlet nozzle
3- or 4-compartment detergent drawer
•
•
•
Water duct with four compartments and flow
deviator
2-way water inlet nozzle
4-compartment detergent drawer
Combinations of solenoid valves
2-way solenoid valve
3-way solenoid valve
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4.6.1.1 Operating principle
•
•
Water fill to pre-wash compartment
(Pre-wash solenoid valve)
This version is used in models with three or four compartments:
The detergent contained in compartment "a" is introduced at the
beginning of the pre-wash phase.
In certain models featuring the "stains" option, compartment "a" may
be used (as an alternative) to contain the stain-removal product,
which is introduced during the wash phase.
Water fill to wash compartment
(Washing solenoid valve)
•
In all models, compartment "b" is used to contain the detergent,
which is introduced at the beginning of the wash phase.
Water fill to conditioner compartment
(pre-wash and wash solenoid valves)
•
•
•
•
In all models, compartment "d" is used to contain the conditioner,
which is introduced at the beginning of the final rinse.
Water fill to pre-wash and bleach compartment
(Pre-wash solenoid valve)
In models with 4-compartment detergent dispensers, water is ducted
into compartments "a" and "c", though not at the same time.
If the user selects the pre-wash option, water is ducted through
compartments "a" and "c" at the beginning of the pre-wash phase.
If this option has not been selected, water is ducted through the
compartments at the beginning of the first rinse.
Water fill to bleach compartment
(Bleach solenoid valve)
In models with 4 compartments, water is ducted through
compartment "c" at the beginning of the first and in cotton cycles.
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4.6.2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Detergent dispenser with multiple-outlet solenoid valve ("short" version G19)
Fill hose
Water fill solenoid
Tube
Dispenser nozzle
Dispenser duct
Siphon for additives
Detergent drawer
Detergent dispenser
Detergent entry tube
Clamp
Version:
•
•
•
Water duct with four compartments
2- or 3-way water inlet nozzle
3- or 4-compartment detergent drawer
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Version:
drawer with 3-4 compartments
•
•
•
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drawer with 4 compartments
Water duct with four compartments and "fork"
2-way water inlet nozzle
4-compartment detergent drawer
599 37 47-13
4.6.2.1 Operating principle
•
•
Water fill to pre-wash compartment
(Pre-wash solenoid valve)
This version is used in models with 3-compartment detergent
dispensers. The detergent contained in compartment "a" is
introduced at the beginning of the pre-wash phase.
In certain models featuring the "stains" option, compartment
"a" may be used (as an alternative) to contain the stainremoval product, which is introduced during the wash phase.
Water fill to wash compartment
(Washing solenoid valve)
•
In all models, compartment "b" is used to contain the
detergent, which is introduced at the beginning of the wash
phase.
Water fill to conditioner compartment
(pre-wash and wash solenoid valves)
•
•
In all models, compartment "d" is used to contain the
conditioner, which is introduced at the beginning of the final
rinse. The pre-wash and wash solenoid valves are actioned
simultaneously.
Water fill to pre-wash and bleach compartment
(Pre-wash solenoid valve)
In models with 4-compartment detergent dispensers, water is
ducted into compartment "c" by a special solenoid valve at the
beginning of the first rinse.
Water fill to pre-wash and bleach compartment
(Pre-wash solenoid valve)
• In models with 4 compartments, water is ducted through
compartments "a" and "c", though not simultaneously.
•
If the user selects the pre-wash option, water is ducted
through compartments "a" and "c" at the beginning of the prewash phase.
a. If this option has not been selected, water is ducted through
the compartments at the beginning of the first rinse.
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4.7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
4.8
Washing machine with traditional washing system and “ECO-BALL” ball
valve
Drain pump
Filter body
Drain filter
Washer
Filter knob
Tube between tub and filter body
Ball
Pressure chamber (one or two ways)
“NEW JET” circulation circuit
1. Tube between tub and filter
body
2. Filter body
3. Drain filter
4. Washer
5. Filter knob
6. Drain pump
7. Circulation pump intake tube
8. Circulation pump
9. Circulation tube
10. Pressure chamber (one or two ways)
4.8.1 Drain filter
 This drain system is self-cleaning: the filter traps only objects of a certain size.
 The drain tube is used to empty the drain circuit.
 The pump impeller can be inspected after unscrewing the filter.
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5
ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
5.1
Suppressor
5.1.1 General characteristics
The suppressor is connected to the input of the appliances
power line, and prevents radiofrequency disturbance from
entering the power circuit.
5.1.2
Electrical symbols
5.1.3
Circuit diagrams
5.1.4
Checking for efficiency
THE APPLIANCE GENERATES RADIOFREQUENCY DISTURBANCE:
- check the efficiency of the earth circuit
THE APPLIANCE IS INOPERATIVE:
- Use an ohmmeter to check that the component is not faulty:
- across 1 - 3 about 0 Ω
- across 2 - 4 about 0 Ω
THE ELECTRICAL SAFETY CUT-OUTS INTERVENE:
- use an ohmmeter (capacitance meter) to check that the component is not short-circuited across 3 - 4
(>500KΩ)
- check that there are no leaks to earth.
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5.2
Push-button
5.2.1
General characteristics
Single-button versions are used.
These differ as regards the number and functionality of the contacts:
- switch
- deviator (single- or two-pole)
5.2.2
Electrical symbol
Normally-closed switch
Normally-open switch
Deviator
5.2.3
Checking for efficiency
DOES NOT POWER THE APPLIANCE OR DOES NOT PERFORM THE SPECIFIC FUNCTION:
- Use a tester to check for correct closure (or aperture) of the various contacts.
- Press the button and check for switching of the contacts.
IMPOSSIBLE TO ACTION THE BUTTON
- Check that the spindle is not broken and that there are no other mechanical problems
(friction/breakage of couplings to crosspiece)
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5.3
Door safety interlock (traditional version)
5.3.1 General characteristics
The electromechanical door safety device performs the following functions:
•
•
When powered, the voltmetric safety interlock closes the contacts of the
main switch that powers the electrical components of the appliance (only
if the door is closed).
During operation, the lever is blocked mechanically, preventing opening
of the door when the appliance is in operation.
When the power supply is disconnected, the door remains locked
for 1-2 minutes to ensure that the drum comes to a stop before
the door is opened.
The "door closed" pilot lamp may also be fitted using a support.
1.
2.
3.
4.
P.T.C.
Bi-metal strips
Contact in rest position
Contact closed
•
•
The PTC is a ceramic resistor whose internal resistance
increases with the temperature.
In this device, the PTC is used to heat the bi-metal
strips. The temperature deforms the two strips (from A
to B), thus moving the lever which closes the contact of
the main switch.
At the same time, the latch, which is actioned by the
contact plate, moves outwards to block the lever in
position. This procedure takes place within 5 seconds
after power is supplied.
When the power supply is disconnected, the PTC cools
(1 - 2 minutes), and the strips return to their original
position, thus opening the contact and releasing the
lever.
1. Latch
2. Lever
5.3.2
Electrical symbol
A
B
C
Common contact
PTC power supply contact
Main switch contact
5.3.3
Circuit diagrams
Connector
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5.3.4
Checking for efficiency
THE DOOR DOES NOT OPEN AT THE END OF THE CYCLE:
- Operate the washing machine so that the door delay device is powered for about 30 seconds.
- Switch off the appliance. The door should be released within about 2 minutes. If not, the door
interlock is faulty.
THE APPLIANCE DOES NOT START AND/OR THE PORTHOLE DOOR IS NOT LOCKED:
- Operate the appliance for about 5 minutes.
- Switch off for 2 minutes.
- Switch the appliance on again. The appliance should start within no more than 5 seconds, and the
door should be locked. If not, check that the device is correctly powered (wiring - main switch timer), and replace if necessary.
5.4
Instantaneous door safety interlock
5.4.1
General characteristics
Certain models with electronic control systems feature an
instantaneous door safety interlock. In this case, the door can be
opened as soon as the drum comes to a stop.
5.4.2
Operating principle
1. Solenoid protective PTC
2. Solenoid valve
3. Lever mechanism
4. Camme
5. Bi-metal PTC
6. Electrical contacts (main switch)
7. Locking latch
•
•
•
When the appliance is switched on by pressing the ON/OFF button, the bi-metal PTC is powered; the
camme is in a position that prevents the locking latch from moving outwards.
When the programme is started by pressing START/PAUSE, the main PCB sends a signal (duration 20
msec) to the solenoid (at least 6 seconds after switching on), which causes the camme to rotate one
position. The latch which locks the lever of the door safety interlock is raised and, at the same time, the
contacts of the main switch are closed, thus powering all the electrical components.
At the end of the programme, the PCB sends two signals (at an interval of 200 msec) (duration 20
msec):
- the first signal moves the camme by another position, though the latch is not released.
- the second signal (which is sent only if the system functions correctly) moves the camme by a
further position, which causes the latch to retract, thus releasing the device; at the same time, the
contacts of the main switch are opened.
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5.4.2.1 "Door open" conditions
The main PCB, before sending the door aperture signals, checks for the following conditions:
• The drum must be stationary (no signal from the tachymetric generator)
• The water level must not be higher than the lower edge of the door
• The temperature of the water must not be higher than 40º C.
5.4.2.2 Automatic release device
In the event of a power failure, or if the appliance is switched off using the ON/OFF switch, or if there is a
fault in the solenoid valve, the bi-metal PTC cools within a period of between 55 seconds and about 4
minutes (at a temperature of 65°C), thus releasing the door.
5.4.2.3 Protective cut-out for solenoid valve
A PTC, connected in series to the solenoid valve, serves as a current limiter (i.e. overheating cut-out) in the
following cases:
→ If the triac on the main PCB is short-circuited
→ If the START/PAUSE button is pressed repeatedly (more than 10 times)
5.4.3
Electrical symbol
5.4.4
Circuit diagram
1. Main switch
2. Solenoid valve
3. PTC protective solenoid valve cut-out
4. Bi-metal PTC
5. Connector
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5.5
Solenoid valve
5.5.1
General characteristics
The solenoid valve ducts water through the detergent dispenser,
and is controlled electrically by the pressure switch.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Water intake
Solenoid valve body
Filter
Flow reducer
Coil
Spring
Moving core
Rubber seal
Membrane
Water outlet
When at rest, the core, upon which pressure is exerted by a spring, holds the hole in the centre of the
membrane closed; as a result, the membrane hermetically closes off access to the water intake duct.
When the coil is powered, it attracts the core, which therefore opens the small hole in the centre of the
membrane, and the valve opens.
Various types of solenoid valve may be fitted:
→ solenoid valves with one inlet and one outlet
→ solenoid valves with one inlet and two or three outlets. In this case, each section of the solenoid valve is
controlled by a coil.
They have a nominal delivery of about 6.5 - 9.5 litres per minute. The water pressure must be between
3 and 100 N/cm2.
5.5.2
Electrical symbol
5.5.3
Checking for efficiency
WATER FILL CONTINUES WHEN THE APPLIANCE IS SWITCHED OFF:
- Solenoid valve jammed mechanically. Replace the solenoid valve
WATER FILL CONTINUES DURING THE WASHING CYCLE:
- Check the hydraulic circuit of the pressure switch and the pressure switch itself.
NO WATER FILL:
1. The solenoid valve vibrates (noise from the coil) but does not introduce water:
- check the hydraulic circuit that supplies the solenoid valve (tap turned off, insufficient mains water
pressure, fill hose kinked or obstructed).
- Solenoid valve jammed mechanically. Replace the solenoid valve
2. The solenoid valve does not vibrate:
- Check the coil winding (3500 - 4500 ohm); if faulty, replace the solenoid valve.
- Solenoid valve jammed mechanically. Replace the solenoid valve
- Check the hydraulic circuit of the pressure switch and the pressure switch itself
- Check the timer and/or the main PCB for correct operation.
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5.6
Pressure switch
5.6.1 General characteristics
The function of the pressure switch is to determine the quantity of water to
be introduced into the tub. In other words:
Ö It controls the water fill levels during the washing phases.
Ö It acts as an anti-boiling safety device when connected in series to the
heating element.
Ö It can also act as an anti-overflow safety device if connected in series to
the drain pump.
Ö It can act as an anti-foam device during the spin phases.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Air inlet aperture
Diaphragm
Internal chamber
Contact strip (rapid cut-in)
Level regulation screw
Differential regulation screw
The internal chamber is connected via a small tube to the pressure chamber. When water is introduced into
the tub, the pressure in this chamber increases. When the pressure reaches a pre-determined level, the
membrane causes the contact strip to trip (rapid-action), which switches the contact from "empty" to "full".
Two regulation screws are fitted to the cover, one for the level, the other for the differential, i.e. the point at
which the strip returns to the "empty" position when the level of water in the tub decreases.
5.6.2
Pressure switch hydraulic circuit
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pressure switches
Tub
Filter body
Pressure chamber on the tube between the tub
and the filter body
5. Pressure switch tubes



Normally, all appliances are fitted with one or two
pressure switches (in rare cases, an appliance may
feature three pressure switches). Each pressure
switch controls from one to three levels of water in
the tub.
The small tube from the pressure switches may be
connected to the pressure chamber, which is located
beneath the tub.
One or two pressure switches may be connected to
the pressure chamber, depending on the model.
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5.6.3
Operating principle
Tub empty
As there is no water in the tub,
there is no pressure on the
diaphragm, which thus remains in
the lower position due to the
counterforce exerted by the
spring.
In this position, the contact is
closed on "empty".
5.6.4
Water flows into the tub
When the connection between the
tub and the pressure chamber is
interrupted by the water, the
pressure between the pressure
chamber and the internal chamber
of the pressure switch increases.
This increase continues until the
diaphragm is raised sufficiently to
action the switch (rapid-action). In
this position, the contact is closed
on "full".
Water is drained from the tub
As the level of water in the tub
diminishes, the pressure exerted
on the diaphragm is reduced.
The diaphragm is pushed
downwards by the counterspring
until the switch resets (i.e. returns
to the "empty" position).
Electrical symbol
1. Common contact
2. Contact closed on "empty"
4. Contact closed on "full"
5.6.5
Circuit diagram
11-21-31: "Common" contact
12-22-32: "Empty" contact
14-24-34: "Full" contact
5.6.6
Checking for efficiency
Correct operation of the pressure switch depends on the correct operation of its hydraulic circuit
(tube and pressure chamber):
• Check for leaks (in which case too much water would be introduced, as the switch would not close on
"full" or, in the event of microleakage, would return to "empty".
• Check for obstruction (in which case the contacts may be jammed on "full" or "empty").
After checking the hydraulic circuit:
• Introduce water into the tub to the highest level and check that the contacts close correctly on "full".
• Drain the water from the tub and check that the contacts close correctly on "empty".
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5.7
Analogue (electronic) pressure switch
5.7.1
General characteristics
The electronic pressure switch is an analogue device whose function
is to control the level of water in the tub; it is used in certain models
with electronic control systems.
The electronic circuit is connected directly to the main PCB.
5.7.2
Operating principle
1. Air intake tube
2. Membrane
3. Coil
4. Electronic circuit (oscillator)
5. Core
6. Spring
8. Connector
The pressure switch is connected via tube to the pressure chamber.
When water is introduced into the tub, this creates a pressure inside the hydraulic circuit that causes the
membrane to change position. This movement of the membrane modifies the position of the core inside the
coil, varying its inductance and thus the frequency of the oscillating circuit.
The PCB recognizes how much water has been introduced into the tub according to the frequency.
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5.7.3
Electrical symbol
5.7.4
Circuit diagrams and operating frequency
5.7.5
Checking for efficiency
In the event of a fault in the pressure switch, the operation of the appliance is immediately interrupted.
Where possible, always read the alarm code.
Possible alarm codes caused by faults in the pressure switch:

E31, E32, E33, E34, E35
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5.8
Commutator motor
5.8.1 General characteristics
Commutator motors are fitted to appliances with spin speeds of
between 600 and 1,600 rpm.
It is possible that motors produced by manufacturers other than the
original manufacturer may have the same part number, but these are
perfectly interchangeable.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Stator
Terminal block
Commutator
Tachometric generator magnet
Tachometric generator coil
Brush
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Stator
Stator winding
Brush
Commutator
Rotor winding
Motor drive shaft
Pulley
Bearing
Tachometric generator coil
Magnet
Spring
5.8.2 Operating principle
The stator winding is connected in series to the rotor winding (i.e. they are energized in series).
Each section of the rotor winding is connected to a pair of commutator plates (also called "commutators").
The electrical contact between the commutator and the fixed circuit is provided by two brushes which slide in
contact with the commutator plates.
The speed of rotation of the motor is proportional to the power voltage supplied by an electronic control
system.
This is also known as a "universal" motor, since it can be powered either by alternating or direct current.
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5.8.2.1 Control of the speed of the motor


Speed control is obtained by using an electronic control system to vary the voltage (V) applied to the
motor.
The technique used consists of a "phase division" performed by the Triac. A Triac is a bi-directional
electronic switch. Closure of the circuit between A1 and A2 (anodes) takes place in the presence of the
appropriate signals received by the gate (G).
Start-up signals
Voltage to motor
5.8.2.2 Direction of motor rotation
The direction of rotation of the motor depends on the way in which the rotor and stator are connected
together. This connection is performed by two of the timer contacts or by the relays on the PCB.
Clockwise rotation
Counter-clockwise rotation
EC
Electronic control
system
P
Motor overload
cut-out
S
Stator
M
Rotor
T
Tachometric
generator
TY
Triac
R1,2 Reversal relay
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5.8.2.3 Tachometric generator
As in all motors powered in series, the speed of the commutator motor depends on the load. In other words,
its speed diminishes as the load increases. This makes it necessary to ensure that the power voltage to the
motor, and therefore its speed, be constantly controlled by an electronic speed control system.
A tachometric generator (consisting of a magnet fitted to the shaft and a coil) generates a voltage that
depends on the speed of the rotor, which is transmitted to the electronic control system.
All electronic control systems feature a system of protection (which may be more or less refined) to prevent
operation of the motor in the event of a fault in the tachometric generator.
EC
P
S
M
T
TY
R1,2
5.8.3
Electronic control system
Motor overload cut-out
Stator
Rotor
Tachometric generator
Triac
Reversal relay
Electrical symbols
Stator
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Tachometric generator
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5.8.4
Circuit diagram
P = Motor overload cut-out
R = Rotor
S = Stator
T = Tachometric generator
5.8.5
Checking for efficiency
1. Check the connector blocks (wiring) and check for any bent or detached terminals.
2. Check for traces / residue / deposits of water or detergent and identify their source.
3. Check for any windings / components connected to mass or inadequately earthed using a tester with a
minimum scale of 40mW across each terminal and the casing (correct reading is ∞).
4. Check the individual windings against the values shown in the table below:
Terminals on
motor
connector
block
Components to be
checked
3-4
Tachometric generator
winding
SOLE ACC
motor
[ Ω]
F.H.P. ACC
motor
[ Ω]
CE.SE.T. motor
[ Ω]
126 ÷ 147
64 ÷ 73
1.0 ÷ 2.2
1.0 ÷ 3.0
1.0 ÷ 2.0
0
0
0
171 ÷ 196
469 ÷ 540
6-7
Stator winding
(full range)
Overload cut-out
8-9
Rotor winding (④)
1.5 ÷ 3.0
1.5 ÷ 3.0
1.5 ÷ 3.0
1 - 10
Stator winding (half range
if terminal 1 is present)
0.5 ÷ 1.0
0.5 ÷ 1.5
0.5 ÷ 1.0
5 - 10
(④) excluding the resistance of the brushes
Notes:
- When checking the rotor winding, measurement should be effected around the entire surface, turning
the spindle very slowly and checking for any short-circuits between visible plates. Also check the carbon
brushes for wear.
- If noise is generated (bearings-magnet-belt), detach the drive belt from the pulleys and locate the
source.
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5.9
Induction motors (asynchronous)
5.9.1
General characteristics
The function of the motor is to rotate the drum at different speeds:
Ö high speed for the spin phases
Ö low speed for the wash phases
The primary characteristic of these motors is that they do not require a start-up current. Instead, the current
in the rotor builds up by induction, hence the name "induction" motor. These motors are also termed
"asynchronous" because the speed of rotation is not the same as the synchronization speed.
5.9.2
Operating principle
The three-phase asynchronous motors consist of a stator on which the solenoids are winded (windings
impregnated with resins which guarantee an optimal water protection) which are the polar expansions.
These are always a three-multiple number.
Inside the stator, there is an integral rotor to the shaft made up of a group of magnetic blades including also
(normally die-cast aluminium) a circuit called squirrel cage, because it consists of a series of bars forming a
cylinder between two rings.
When the stator generates a rotating magnetic field, electrical currents are inducted into the cage. These,
opposing to the generator field, produce a twisting movement to the rotor.
The maximum rotation per minute of an asynchronous motor depends on the power frequency and on the
number of polar couples.
The three-phase motors are highly efficient due to the absence of brushes. They can be powered also with
inverter circuits, starting from a direct current power source.
The stator windings can be connected by star or by triangle.


5.9.3
The electrical components must be serviced by qualified personnel only.
Unplug the appliance before accessing internal components.
Checking the efficiency
It is possible to have an indication of the
efficiency of the motor by measuring the
windings resistances:
Winding y ohm 5,4 ∼ ±7% (contacts 5-6)
Winding x ohm 5,4 ∼ ±7% (contacts 4-5)
Winding z ohm 5,4 ∼ ±7% (contacts 4-6)
Winding T (tachometric) ohm 121 ∼ ±7% (contacts 7-8))
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5.10
Inverter (if featured)
The EWM3000 electronic control system uses a new 2-pole, three-phase,
asynchronous motor offering high performance at low noise levels.
“INVERTER” Electric wiring
L
N
A
B
C
D
I1-6
F1-3
µP
= Phase
= Neutral
= Inverter board
= Motor
= Condenser
= Diodes
= Switches
= Motor connectors
= Microprocessor
A newly designed circuit board (A) is used to convert single-phase power (available in homes) into threephase power. The amplitude and frequency of the three-phase power can be varied to adjust motor power
and RPM, respectively.
Single-phase power (applied to connectors L-N) is rectified by a diode bridge (D) to generate 310 VDC at
the poles of condenser C. The combined opening and closing of switches I1-I6 (this switching is performed
by the microprocessor) determines the voltage and frequency of the power applied to the motor.
Clockwise motor operation
Counter-clockwise operation
Motor speed is controlled using the signal from a tachometric generator (T).
During spin phases, the microprocessor may perform (depending on the configuration of the software)
checks for antifoam (if available on the machine) and anti-unbalancing.


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Unplug the appliance before accessing internal components.
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5.11
Heating element
5.11.1 General characteristics
The heating element that heats the washing water is encapsulated, i.e. inserted into a watertight stainless
steel tubular casing.
1. Heating element
(1950W)
2. NTC sensor
Seal
The seal between the tub and the heating element is provided by a seal which expands against the nut.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Fixed flange
Washer
Moving flange
Nut
Heating element terminals
NTC sensor
5.11.2 Electrical symbol
5.11.3 Checking for efficiency
DOES NOT HEAT:
- check that the heating element is not broken: measure the resistance across the two terminals.
INTERVENTION OF ELECTRICAL SAFETY CUT-OUTS:
- use an ohmmeter to check that the heating element is not connected to mass and check for current
leakage (40 MΩ)
WATER LEAKS:
- check that the seal is correctly positioned and fitted.
VIBRATION OR METALLIC NOISE WHEN THE DRUM ROTATES:
- check that the heating element is correctly positioned inside the tub. If worn, replace the heating
element.
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5.12
NTC temperature sensor (incorporated in the heating element)
5.12.1 General characteristics
In the electronic models an NTC sensor is used to control the
washing temperature. In these sensors, the internal resistance
decreases as the temperature increases. This reduction in
resistance is detected by the electronic control system which, when
the desired temperature is reached, disconnects the heating
element.
1.
2.
3.
4.
NTC resistor
Metal capsule
Terminals
Plastic casing
TEMPERATURE
(ºC)
20
60
80
RESISTANCE (Ω)
Maximum value
6335
1278
620
Rated value
6050
1250
640
Minimum value
5765
1222
660
5.12.2 Electrical symbol
5.12.3 Checking for efficiency
Use a tester to check that the resistance of the sensor corresponds to the temperature.
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5.13
Drain pump
5.13.1 General characteristics
The function of the drain pump is to discharge the water at the end of
each phase of the washing cycle. These centrifugal pumps are
actioned by a synchronous motor.
1. Impeller
2. Rotor
3. Stator
The rotor consists of a permanent magnet, and may rotate in either direction.
The rotor may rotate for approximately 15 minutes without actioning the impeller. As a result, if the impeller
is jammed by a foreign body, the rotor may perform short clockwise and anti-clockwise movements until the
blockage is removed.
These pumps have a delivery of about 22-25 litres per minute, and a maximum head of 90 cm.
5.13.2 Electrical symbol
5.13.3 Checking for efficiency
1. Check that the impeller is not jammed and check for slippage.
2. Check the resistance of the stator winding, which should be approximately 150/200 Ω.
Important!
If caused to run empty (i.e. disconnected from the hydraulic circuit), synchronous pumps may fail to start up.
This is because, due to their structural characteristics, they require a counter-torque on the impeller to allow
the rotor to turn in one direction or the other.
For this reason, the pumps should be tested only when fitted to the appliance and after introducing a certain
quantity of water.
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5.14
Water control (if featured)
The Water Control system is a sensor located in contact
with the base frame. The sensor detects water leaks
inside the machine (not only during normal operation, but
also when the unit is off and plugged in) and starts the
drain pump if a leak occurs.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Main board
1° Level pressure switch
Antiboiling pressure switch AE
Drain pump
Interference filter
Water Control
In some appliances the base frame is designed to be a container that collects any water leaks that may
occur (from the tub, from a tube or pipe, etc.). These leaks are directed into an area where a float is
installed. When this float is raised by water, it actuates a microswitch that starts the drain pump. When the
switch is tripped, an alarm is also signalled (if the machine is switched on).
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5.15
Circulation pump (if featured)
5.15.1 General characteristics
Jetsystem models are fitted with a synchronous circulation
pump which continuously circulates the water from the filter
body into the tub through the bellows seal.
5.15.2 Electrical symbol
5.15.3 Checking for efficiency
NO RE-CIRCULATION - POOR WASHING RESULTS
1. Check that the impeller is not jammed and check for slippage.
2. Check the resistance of the stator winding, which should be approximately 150/200 Ω.
Important!
If caused to run empty (i.e. disconnected from the hydraulic circuit), synchronous pumps may fail to start up.
This is because, due to their structural characteristics, they require a counter-torque on the impeller to allow
the rotor to turn in one direction or the other.
For this reason, the pumps should be tested only when fitted to the appliance and after introducing a certain
quantity of water.
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5.16
Circuit diagrams
Each model produced is accompanied by a wiring diagram and a basic circuit diagram.
5.16.1 Wiring diagram
An example of a wiring diagram is shown below. The wiring diagram may be used to check for correct
connection of the wiring connectors to the various electrical components.
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5.16.2 Wiring
Two types of wiring harness are used for the various models:
•
•
Modular: the wiring harness consists of a series of sections fitted with connectors.
Single: the wiring consists of a single main harness. There may be separate wires for connection to
earth.
5.16.3 Part numbers for wiring
The various types of wiring harness are available as spare parts. The various codes are shown in the
electrical components section under reference no. 999.
Example:
Position
999
999
999
999
999
999
999
999
999
999
999
Part no.
132 24 63 01 / 7
132 24 80 01 / 1
124 90 12-31 / 9
124 93 31 12 /3
132 24 60 00 / 0
132 24 61 00 / 0
132 24 66 00 / 9
132 24 64 00 / 4
132 24 63 00 / 6
132 24 62 00 / 8
132 24 65 00 / 1
Description
wiring
earth wiring
power cable, 2000x3x1'5
wiring, FLAT CABLE
wiring
wiring
wiring
wiring
wiring
wiring
wiring
In order to identify the correct spare part, use the wiring diagram to identify the part number shown
alongside the wiring to be ordered; this number corresponds to the first 8 digits of the part number shown in
the list.
In the case of the wiring for the motor, for example, the wiring diagram shows code 132.24650/, which
corresponds to the first 8 digits of part number 132 24 65 00 / 1.
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5.16.4 Basic circuit diagram
An example of a basic circuit diagram is shown below. The circuit diagram should be used to check the
appliance for correct operation in the diagnostics phase.
Internal connection
Wire
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6 ACCESSING COMPONENTS
6.1
Access from the work top
a. Remove the two rear screws which fit it
to the cabinet.
b. Push the work-top towards the rear of the
appliance and detach.
From the work top it is possible to access to:
ª
ª
ª
ª
ª
ª
ª
ª
Pressure switches
Suppressor
Cable grommet and power cable
Solenoid
Control panel
Main board
Display board
Detergent dispenser
6.1.1
Electronic pressure switch
d
c. Remove the top.
d. Turn the pressure switch of 90° as in figure, and
extract it.
e. Detach the wiring connectors.
f. Detach the pressure switch hose.
h
6.1.2
Pressure switch
g. Remove the top.
h. Turn the pressure switch of 90° as in figure, and
extract it.
i. Detach the wiring connectors.
j. Detach the pressure switch hose.
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6.1.3
Suppressor
b
a. Remove the work top.
b. Unscrew the nut which fit the suppressor to the cabinet.
c. Detach the wiring connectors.
e
6.1.4
Cable grommet
d. Remove the work top.
e. Press the cable grommet with pliers and push it outward.
N.B. Every time the cable grommet is removed, it is
necessary to replace it with a new one.
6.1.5 Solenoid valve
f. Remove the work top.
g. Detach the water fill hose from the solenoid valve.
h. Push the two catches inside the appliance.
i. Simultaneously turn the solenoid valve.
j. Detach the wiring connectors.
k. Remove the hoses that connect the solenoid to the
detergent dispenser.
h
i
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6.1.6
Control panel
a. Extract the detergent drawer.
b. Remove the screws that secure the control panel to the
control panel support.
c. Remove the screws which secure the control panel to the
crosspiece.
d. Release the anchor tabs from the support.
e. Remove the pilot lamp from its housing in the control
panel and (for electronic models) disconnect the wiring
connectors from the display board.
b
6.1.7
a
c
d
Main PCB
g-h
f. Remove the top.
g. Unscrew the fixing screw which fixes the board support
to the side panel.
h. Push the board following the arrow direction and extract
it.
i. Detach the wiring from the supports.
j. Extract the casing-PCB assembly.
k. Detach the connectors.
6.1.8 Control/display board
The way in which these boards are fastened depends on the styling version and the type of electronic
control system (user interface EWM 1000, EWM2000EVO and EWM3000NEW).
To access the board:
l. Remove the control panel
m. Release the PCB casing from the control panel or remove the screws.
For further details, refer to the specific Service Manuals for the various types of electronic control systems.
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6.1.9
Detergent dispenser
a. Remove the work top.
b. Unscrew the clamp and detach the tube from the
detergent dispenser to the tub.
c. Extract the detergent drawer.
d. Remove the screw which secures the control panel to
the detergent dispenser and detergent dispenser to the
crosspiece.
e. Detach the tube(s) from the dispenser to the solenoid
valve.
f. Release the two lateral anchor tabs from the front
crosspiece and, at the same time, push the detergent
dispenser towards the rear.
g. Lower the washing group and pull the dispenser out.
b
c
d
e
f
f
g
6.1.10 Removing the duct from the dispenser
h. Remove the dispenser.
i. Release the clamp and the anchor tabs for the duct from the lower part of the dispenser.
From inside the dispenser, the engineer can access:
j. The water intake nozzle, which is removed by lifting from the dispenser.
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6.2
Access from the front panel
From the front panel it is possible to access to:
ª Door
ª Door hinge
ª Door safety interlock
ª Bellow seal
ª Front side
ª Filter pump body
6.2.1 Door
a. Remove the two screws which secure the door to the hinge.
b. Remove the screws which secure the surround-flange (if present)
and detach the flange from the surround.
c. Remove the glass door panel.
d. Remove the handle-latch assembly.
Re-assembly:
e. Position the handle assembly in its housing in the flange so that
the spring exerts pressure correctly.
f. Refit the glass panel to the flange.
g. Replace the surround and the screws.
6.2.2 Door hinge
h. Remove the door.
i. Remove the screws which secure the hinge to the front panel.
j. Remove the hinge.
33
6.2.3 Door safety interlock
k. Remove the seal from the front panel.
l. Remove the two screws which secure the door delay device to the
front panel.
m. Remove the door delay device.
n. Remove the cover from the door delay device.
o. Detach the wiring connectors.
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6.2.4 Bellows seal
a. Detach the retaining ring and the seal from the front panel.
b. Remove the clamp and pull out the circulation tube (if featured).
c. Remove the seal and the ring by pulling downwards (it is held in
position by an elastic ring).
Re-assembly:
d. Use soap and water to lubricate the seat of the seal where it comes into contact with the flange and the
metal ring.
e. Fit the seal to the flange with the drainage hole at the bottom and the internal reference notch at the top.
f. Replace the metal retaining ring (check that the ring is in good condition, otherwise it should be
replaced).
g. Replace the circulation hose and the hose clamp.
h. Fit the seal to the front panel and replace the clamp.
b
6.2.5
g
Front side
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
Remove the work top.
Remove the control panel.
Detach the bellow seal from the front panel.
Remove the screws which secure the door delay device.
Bend the appliance and remove the three screws which
secure the front panel to the lower part.
n. Remove the screws (right and left) which secure the front
panel to the cabinet in the upper part.
n
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6.2.6
a.
b.
c.
d.
Drain filter pump body
d
Detach the hoses.
Remove the screw which secures it to the crosspiece.
Push it towards the interior of the appliance.
Lift it up (as indicated by the arrow) and remove.
b
c
e. While re-assembling, pay attention that the rubbers are
positioned correctly.
d
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6.3
Access from the rear panel
a. Remove the screws which secure the rear panel to the back side of
the cabinet.
From the rear panel it is possible to access to:
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
b
Belt
Pulley
Heater
Motor
Circulation pump (if featured)
Water control (if featured)
d
c
e
f /g
h
6.3.1
Drive belt
h. Take the belt, turn the pulley and remove it.
6.3.2
i.
j.
k.
Pulley
Remove the belt.
Insert a catch to stop the pulley.
Remove the screw which secures the pulley to the drum shaft.
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6.3.3 Motor
a. Detach the wiring connectors.
b. Remove the rear screws which secure the motor and loosen the front
screws.
c. Loosen the motor from the supports.
d. Remove the front screws and remove the motor.
c
b
6.3.4 Heating element
e. Detach the drive belt from the pulleys.
f. Detach the wiring connectors.
g. Remove the screw which secures the heating element flange.
h. Push the nut on the heating element flange towards the
interior of the tub.
i. Remove the heating element.
j. While inserting the new heating element, pay attention to fit it
correctly.
h
i
6.3.5
j
Circulation pump (if featured)
k. Detach the connectors.
l. Detach the hoses.
m. Remove the screw which secures the pump to the lower crosspiece
and extract it.
n. Pay attention while reassembling the pump that the rubbers are
placed correctly.
6.3.6
o.
p.
q.
r.
g
m
Water control (if featured)
Remove the rear panel.
Insert a screwdriver where indicated by the arrows.
Remove it.
Detach the connectors and replace it.
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6.4
Access from the bottom of the appliance
6.4.1 Damper
a. Press the locking key and at the same time remove the
pin using pliers.
b. Remove the damper from the support.
a
b
When re-assembling:
Ö Check that the pin is not damaged; if so, replace it.
Ö Check that the anchor tabs protrude correctly.
a
b
6.4.2
Filter body tub hose + Pressure chamber
c.
Loosen the clamps and detach the pressure switch tubes from
the pressure chamber.
d. Remove the fixing screw.
e. Use pliers to widen the spring clip and detach the pressure
chamber from the tub hose.
d
When re-assembling: Check that the pressure chamber is
clean and secure the tubes and clips firmly in their original
positions
6.4.3
f.
g.
h.
i.
Detach the connectors.
Press down the anchor tab.
Turn the pump counter-clockwise.
Remove the pump.
6.4.4
j.
k.
l.
Drain pump
h
g
Inverter
Push the hook which fits the inverter to the lower crosspiece.
Lift it up and remove.
Detach the connectors.
k
j
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6.5
Washing group
a. Remove the work top.
b. Remove the rear panel, detach the hoses from the tub
(dispenser-tub), detach the connectors from the heating
element and from the NTC sensor, remove the belt and the
motor (to lighten the tub).
c. Remove the fixing ring and release the bellow seal from the
front panel.
d. Remove the front panel.
e. Remove the fixing screws of control support to cabinet.
f. Lift and release the control support from the cabinet.
g. Release the hooks which secure the detergent dispenser to
the control support and remove it.
h. Lay the appliance face up (paying attention to insert a sheet
of polystyrene or cardboard to prevent scratching the
cabinet).
i. Detach the various hoses from the tub (tub-collector, etc.).
j. Remove the two fixing pins of the dampers to the tub.
k. Detach the tub suspension springs from the crosspiece.
l. Remove the tub from the appliance.
g
6.6
m.
n.
o.
p.
f
j
h
k
e
l
Drum and tub shells
Remove the drum pulley and the motor
Remove the tub from the appliance
Remove the screws which secure the two shells together
Remove the drum.
Re-assembly: It is advisable to replace the sealing ring between the two tub shells whenever the tub is
opened. Connect the hoses to the tub in the correct positions.
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6.6.1 Drum shaft bearings
If it is necessary to replace the bearings, the engineer may:
 Replace the rear tub shell complete with bearings and sealing ring.
 Replace the bearings and the sealing ring only.
In the latter case:
a. Remove the tub and the drum from the appliance.
b. First remove the external bearing, then the internal bearing with its seal.
When re-assembling:
 In order to prevent damage to the bearing and the seal during re-assembly,
use spacers of the appropriate diameter.
 Pack the bearings with the specific grease all around the sealing ring.
 Check that the drum shaft bushing is undamaged; otherwise replace the
drum spider or the drum itself.
6.6.2 Drum spider
a. Remove the screws which secure the spider to the drum.
b. Remove the spider from the drum band.
When re-assembling:
a. Replace the spider on the drum ensuring that the fixing holes are correctly aligned.
b. Insert the spider into the seat in the drum band and, if necessary, rotate it until the holes are correctly
aligned.
c. If the same screws are used, clean and apply thread fixing paste.
d. Tighten the screws securely.
6.6.3
⇒
a.
b.
c.
d.
⇒
a.
b.
c.
d.
Front counterweight
version with front-mounted fixing screws
Remove the work top.
Remove the control panel.
Remove the front panel.
Replace the front counterweight.
version with fixing screws on the perimeter of the tub
Remove the work top.
Remove the control panel.
Remove the front panel.
Replace the front counterweight.
6.6.4 Rear counterweight
a. Remove the work top.
b. Remove the rear panel.
c. Remove the screws which secure the counterweight.
d. Remove the counterweight from the tub.
e. Check that the expansion pins of the tub screws are undamaged; otherwise replace the rear shell also.
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6.7
Drum lifter
The drum lifter can be removed from the interior for
tubs G19 G20 G22.
Removal
a. Insert a screwdriver into the nearest hole of the
drum lifter centre.
b. Bend the drum anchor tabs as shown in the
figure.
c. Pull the drum lifter towards the door of the
appliance and detach from the drum.

a.
b.
c.
d.
a
b
Re-assembly
Check that the anchor tabs are parallel with the drum band.
Insert the new lifter into the drum and push towards the rear of the appliance.
Detach the hose connecting the tub to the filter body.
Tighten the screw through the hole in the tub to secure the lifter to the drum.
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7 TOOLS AND MATERIALS
7.1
Standard tools
1. Set of standard flat-head screwdrivers (small,
medium, large).
2. Set of cross-head ("Phillips") screwdrivers.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Set of socket screws (7, 8, 10, 13, 15, 17mm).
Insulated scissors.
Allen keys (5-6 mm).
A battery-operated power screwdriver may also
be used.
7. “Torx” screwdriver (T20-T30-T50).
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Adjustable wrench.
Cutting nippers (to tighten the clamps).
Standard pliers
Narrow-tipper pliers (curved).
Narrow-tipped pliers (straight).
Cutter.
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14. Hammer (~ gr.300).
15. Plastic or rubber-head hammer.
7.2
Ö
Ö
Ö
Ö
Ö
Ö
Ö
Materials
soap and water
silicone oil
vaseline
thread-anchoring liquid for screws
grease for drum shaft seal (part number 5026 24 16-00/6)
plastic wiring ties
metallic clamps (hose fixing)
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