In 1532, Humayun and Sher Shah Suri clashed on the battlefield. Humayun won the battle and capured Chunar. In 1534, Humayun defeated Bahadur Shah and captured Gujarat. Sher Shah meanwhile regrouped and defeated Humayun, at Chausa in 1539 and at Kanauj a year later.

Humayun was forced to go to Persia in exile, for 15 years. In 1555, Humayun returned to India and defeated the succesor of Sher Shah, Islam Shah and regained India.

In 1556, Humayun had a fatal fall from the stairs of his private observatory; he was carrying books and he tripped as his feet were caught in his robe when he bent down on hearing the "azaan". All medical aid proved useless, and Humayun died.

In 1531, Bahadur Shah overran Malwa and the next year he turned to Mewar. Humayun marched against Bahadur Shah and easily defeated his forces. Bahadur Shah fled to Ahemdabad and from there to Kathisawar.