Seen and read numerous tests over the years...Most enlightening one was where they took a heavy barrelled .308, started with a 26" barrel, and then shortened and recrowned it 2' at a time, down to 18" (5 different lengths).

They were losing about 150 fps for each 2" of barrel removed. (Side note: accuracy remained unchanged).

This lines up pretty well with other things I've read and heard, that say something like 50-75 fps per inch of barrel length. Variables include cartridge (duh), powder burn rates and bullet type.

I suspect that, if you handload, you could minimize the effect using a relatively fast powder, for more "burn" in the shorter barrel. Would be an interesting experiment

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