Miranda,estado (state), northern Venezuela, bounded on the northeast by the Caribbean Sea, by the Venezuelan states of Guárico on the south and Aragua on the west, and by the Distrito Federal on the north. The mountainous northern and southern parts of the territory of 3,070 square miles (7,950 square km) are separated by the Tuy River, which flows eastward to the Caribbean. Miranda ranks high among Venezuelan states in agricultural and pastoral production, and government irrigation projects have resulted in the expansion of its large-scale farming and in the diversification of its agriculture. Almost half of the nation’s cacao is grown around the Barlovento region of Miranda and neighbouring AnzáteguiAnzoátegui, in the Tuy valley. Coffee plantations cover the higher elevations; sugarcane and citrus trees thrive on the valley floor. The state also produces bananas, corn (maize), peanuts (groundnuts), cassava, and coconuts. Miranda has a high rural population density, and the city of Caracas has expanded into neighbouring parts of northwestern Miranda. The highway network is extensive; Los Teques(q.v.), the state capital and major industrial centre, lies on the Pan-American Highway. Pop. (1986 2007 est.) 12,771857,680943.