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Policy to improve access and success of migrant students in the Netherlands Definition: allochtoon versus autochtoon Open access system of (higher) education Strong focus on deficiencies instead of high expectations Data: ethnicity, gender, socio economic background, first generation

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Inclusive policy What is the aim of policy development impact for student, institution, system (regional, national and European)? Is available data & research explaining the narratives of students who are seen as underrepresented? context important What are the conditions to develop effective policy?

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Two types of strategies A strategy driven by pragmatism focussing on solving the problem A strategy driven by a vision on inclusion and equity focussing on making a change

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Strategy driven by pragmatism Economic sense of urgency Funded by stakeholders Short term focus based on (national) political aims Performance driven but not always data driven Not necessarily driven by social justice arguments Vincent Tinto: too often blaming the victim Lacking sophisticated data for monitoring and benchmarking Top down

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Strategy driven by a vision on inclusion and equity Economic sense of urgency in combination with a vision on inclusion and change Holistic approach Combination of government funding and institutional funding Short term and long term focused in combination with performance indicators Long term focus social sustainability Top down & bottom up Leadership and commitment on different levels Sophisticated data warehouse

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Making a difference: Policies Source: ECHO, Center of Diversity Policy in the Netherland

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Person Ethnic group Gender Sexual orientation Religious group Age Family Education background Socio economic position Social identities of all students & professionals Edwin Hoffman