Other slides in this set

Slide 2

Here's a taster:

Neo-Liberalist TheoryFeatures of theory.... Explaining Underdevelopment....-Economies grow when state intervention is absent. -Corruption is endemic in the majority world.Wealth accumulates when induviduals are left to their Development is undermined by elites. Money goes to theself interests. Take a lassiez faire approach to politics. wrong places, elites use it leaving people to suffer.-Lack of taxation will encourage entrepreneurs, and -Aid hinders development. Bauer- it underminesproduction will be governed by supply and demand. entrepreneurship, props up corrupt regimes, distorts -1980's Regan and Thatcher. Rise of Neoliberalism. markets. It delays changes which need to happen toInfluence of the World Bank, IMF and WTO. become developed, countries are stagnant and dependant on aid. It is also not sustainable. -Economic mismanagement as governmental control is inefficient and expensive. There is subsidised productionEvaluation.... so businesses are artificially buoyant. Inefficient publicStrengths services should be privatised, as it creates a tax burden. Labour unions make work force uncompetitive.-Shows development shouldn't be left to thewestern world. Explains how aid can be negative,shows that freedom for all is needed.Weaknesses Promoting Development....-Romanticizes the free market. It can beexploitative. -Control economic mismanagement. Use new methods. SAPS- loans with conditions attached. Only get help if you obey the IMF.-SAPs set countries up for fall- un protected. -Key themes: shift towards exports (cash crops), remove trade barriers, -Misattribution- ignores how people get rich privatisation, cut back on public spending, deregulate. Integrate into theinitially (military advantage) global market to be come more attractive to TNC's.…read more

Slide 3

Here's a taster:

Counter Industrial Theories Critical of western models to development. Sustainable Development... Industrialisation is problematic, and should -Environmentalism: Industrialisation causes environmental harm as not be imposed on the south. the earth cannot sustain a western lifestyle. Strain occurs when the Environmentalism, neo-populism and biosphere degrades, pollution occurs and there is depletion of natural Buddhist economic are central. resources. -Neo-populism: Industrialisation has human factors such as People Centred approaches: focus on the unemployment, dependence, it breaks up communities. induviduals and communities and improve -Buddhist Economics: Deeper critique- other theories assume that not replace lifestyles. There is emphasis on higher consumption leads to happier people, which is not true. We environmental and social sustainability. should learn from western mistakes. Intermediate Technology: Improve not - Sustainability: there is a lack of natural resources. We need ways replace existing processes. Microcredit: that go further and can be replenished. In terms of economics, it small loans to help businesses lift off. Invest doesn't have to rely on outside funds, or aid for continuity. All of the in small technologies. Schumacher states: community are involves, avoiding marginalisation. We need creativity and not consumption. -Ghandi: Western technology has failed society. People are much Previous models confused well being with human well being. happier in small self sufficient communities. (Swadeshi). Micro economics can help society.Evaluation...Strengths: Development is people focused, it forces ecological issues, it brings up the importance of communities, notcapitalists.Weaknesses: Microcredit does not make huge improvements. It is hypocritical `oh you do not want to be like us', toomuch focus on the environment, ignores the positive impact of industrialisation in the long term.…read more

Slide 4

Here's a taster:

Dependency Theory Neo-colonialism... Mercantile Capitalism: Informal exploitative relationships are established by explorers. They establish trade routes, but due to military strength, the west benefited. The -Colonies break away explorers found that there were areas with established lifestyles. The slave triangle but damage still remains begins. Goods from the west are sold at an African port. The ships are then filled with as they are still slaves who are taken to the Caribbean to be sold. Wealth in the south is exported dependant, and through exploitation of natural and human resources. exploitation continues to occur. Colonialism: Formalised exploitative relationships. Rich nations took control of the -Ex colonies remain a countries and regions, dividing up existing nations, cultures and tribes (divide and rule) . E. source of cheap labour g. the scramble for Africa. 100,000 areas were amalgamated into 40 European colonies. and resources. Social. Economic, Political systems collapse. -Prices are in a -Economic: Agricultural production changed into what powers wanted. Craftsmen lost downward spiral. their jobs, and couldn't compete with mass production. Cultural: Existing beliefs are replaced with new technology and civilised cultures. Education and language was -Chain of exploitation: destroyed. Places became reliant on powers for knowledge. Political: Governing structure rich nations (metropolis) was reshaped as an extension of imperial power. Families were ripped apart and those who still exploit poor nations had feuds were forced together. Caused a genocide in Rwanda 1994. (satellites) . -World remains impoverished, nations are dependant on powers, lack of institutions.Evaluation....Strengths: Blames the west, not the poor themselves. Sees nations as interconnected, interrogates the route of povertyat a deep level.Weaknesses: It provides no strategy out of poverty. It doesn't explain why some have succeeded whilst being a satellite,and why some have issues without colonial powers. Dependence is not always a bad thing.…read more

Slide 5

Here's a taster:

World Systems Theory Introduction... Description of theory.... -Modified version of - Wallerstein was influenced by Marxism. Dependency Theory. - The global economy causes inequality. It is explained using the capitalist -It adds a 3rd system. world system, based around 500 years ago where there was expansion. -The three worlds are: core 1) CORE: highly developed, full capitalism, there is a central government, a nations, semi periphery nations beurocracy, industrial bases, it controls world trade and finance. and periphery nations. 2) PERIFERY: under developed- unequal, weak government, indigenous elites, -Immanuel Wallerstein came up provide a source for raw materials, labour and captive markets. with the theory. 3) SEMI-PERIPHERY: aspire to be a core, or used to be exploited by the core, but also exploits periphery industrialised but less sophisticated.Evaluation... -The theoryunderestimatesinternal factors to Analysis of Theory...development. - The Semi Periphery Nations Have a Choice. They could change to the Core. - Ignores -The Theory Shows that the Global Hierarchy is not fixed.corruption of thethird world. Leaders -Hard to move position due to the manipulation of monopoly and the power that holds.are spending -Dependency on Core nations: Orientated around narrow exports- few materials, TNC'swastefully causing development, discourages local production. There is a lack of industrial capacity. They rely onunder development. core nations to buy materials. There is foreign debt- there is reliance for help.…read more

Slide 6

Here's a taster:

Feminist TheoriesIntegration Thesis: Marginalisation Thesis:-Liberal feminism. -Dependency Theory.- Traditional Society is patriarchal. Western ways have improved -Maintains that women arewomen's rights. Introduces progressive norms and values. There are excluded via the process ofchanges in attitudes and legislation. development. -In traditional cultures womenExploitation Thesis: had an important role.-Marxist Feminism. -Domesticity.-Now TNC's exploit women, act as pimps for women's small hands. -Colonialism ruined traditional-Gender inequality has formed via the development of capitalism. society, as has modernisation.-Capitalism needs patriarchy to exist to be successful.Radical Feminism Ecological Feminism-The role of the family: key source ofoppression, feminism should gain -There is a relationship between women and the environment.reproductive rights. If we remove -Women are better for the environment than men- women aremens control over contraception more in touch with the environment.women will have power. Womenshould also have access to abortion. -Men are responsible for environmental damage as they are reckless and are too dominant over it.…read more