GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING

PART-1

MADE EASY GATE HANDWRITTEN CLASSROOM NOTES

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Geotechnical Engineering Made Easy GATE Handwritten Notes PDF

PLEASE NOTE : WE PROVIDE ONLY VERIFIED NOTES AND MATERIALS. ALL THE OTHER NOTES WHICH ARE AVAILABLE IN THE INTERNET WITH THE NAME MADE EASY CIVIL NOTES ARE FAKE AND ARE NORMAL CLASSROOM NOTES OF SOME COLLEGE. WE ALWAYS TRY TO BRING OUT QUALITY NOTES FOR FREE AND FOR THE SAKE OF STUDENTS WHO ARE REALLY WORKING HARD DAY AND NIGHT AIMING GOOD GATE/IES RANKS.

Topics Covered in this book :

Properties of Soil :

1. Karl Terzaghi is the father of Soil Mechanics. His first book on Soil Mechanics is Earabaumechanics published in 1925
2. The process of formation of soild is termed as Pedologenesis
3. The soil is formed due to weathering of rocks, which may be carried out either physically or chemically. Physical agency involved in weathering of rocks includes (running water, ice, wind, gravity, etc) and chemical agencies involved in weathering includes oxidation, reduction, carbonation etc.
4. If the weathered rock material is retained over parent rock then it is termed as residual soil and if it is transported then it is termed as transported soil
5. Geological steps involved in the formation of soil are :
a. Weathering
b. Transportation
c. Deposition
d. Upheaval (Continues from (a) again)

Types of soil :

1. Alluvial Soil : Deposited from suspension in running water (weathering agent is running water, transportation soil). This type of soil is found along the length of river.
2. Lacustrine Soil : Formed due to deposition from suspension in fresh still water from lake.
3. Marine Soil : Deposition from suspension in sea water.
4. Aeoline Soil : It is the soil which is transported by wind
5. Loess Soil : It is uniformly graded wind blown silt, slightly cemented due to calcium compound or montmorillonite (a clay mineral) When it is wet, it becomes soft and compressible because cementing action is lost and is collapsed.

Colluvial Soil (Talus) : It is formed due to transportation by gravitational force, it is found in mountain vallies.
7. Glacial Soil : It is soil which is transported by ice.
8. Marl Soil : It is fine graded calcium carbonate soil (due to animal bones) of marine origin which is formed due to decomposition of animal bones and acquatic plants.
9. Bentonite Soil : It is chemically weathered volcano ash. Generally this soil is used as lubricant in drilling operation. It is also clay containing a high amount of montmorillonite. Highly plastic and have high swelling and shrinkage properties.
10. Black Cotton Soil : It is residual formed from Basalt, containing a high amount of clay mineral montmorillonite. It is dark in color and suitable for growing cotton. It has high plasticity, high swelling and shrinkage and low shear strength.

11. Laterite soil : It is a type of soil formed due to leaching (washing out silicon compound) and accumulation of iron oxide and aluminium oxide. Generally this soil is found in hilly areas, having humid climate (Western ghats and eastern ghats)
12. Muck Soil : Mixture of inorganic soil and black decomposed organic matter.

13. Peat Soil : It is highly organic soil which almost entirely consist of vegetable matters in different stage of decomposition. Its color is very strong black to dark brown and it poses organic odour. It is highly compressible soil.
14. Loam Soil : It is mixture of clay, silt and sand.