Academic Commons Search Resultshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog?action=index&controller=catalog&f%5Blanguage%5D%5B%5D=English&f%5Bsubject_facet%5D%5B%5D=Gender+studies&format=rss&fq%5B%5D=has_model_ssim%3A%22info%3Afedora%2Fldpd%3AContentAggregator%22&q=&rows=500&sort=record_creation_date+desc
Academic Commons Search Resultsen-usIssue Brief: Discrimination and Women/Gender Issueshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:205455
Gallagher, Carolyn A.; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8PV6KVCTue, 06 Dec 2016 13:16:22 +0000This issue brief examines the gender discrimination that women face in today’s educational system. While there are many organizations and committees that are dedicated to improving the issue of gender inequality in education, like the Global Campaign for Education and the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, the issue of gender discrimination is not completely resolved.Political science, Gender studies, Education, Global Campaign for Education, Sex discrimination against women, Sex discrimination in educationcag2207, ras33Political ScienceReportsLatin Women and Gender Issueshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:205443
Dickson, Ivis T.; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8FQ9X4PMon, 05 Dec 2016 15:00:40 +0000Latin women in the United States face different challenges and discriminations when considering their gender. While the man is the dominant and independent partner, the woman’s role is to follow, obey and take care of the domestic role and child caring. Women usually define themselves by their husbands and children rather than as independent human beings. The Latinas also more likely to experience issues in female reproductive health, domestic violence and sexual assault. In many Latin families there are massive gender role stereotypes that each partner in a relationship needs to assume.Political science, Gender studies, Hispanic American women--Social conditions, Sex role, Hispanic American women--Health and hygiene, Abused womenitd2103, ras33Political ScienceReportsSocial Welfare: Women and Gender Issueshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:205295
Maloof, David Louis; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8D21Z29Sat, 03 Dec 2016 21:46:20 +0000The intersection of gender and social welfare in the United States can be primarily understood through policies that affect single mothers, and because single mothers are so disproportionately impoverished (including incredibly low incomes, rates of healthcare, and higher education completion) social welfare programs critically affect them in outsized ways. The incommensurate effects on this vulnerable group make the welfare policy discussion inherently gendered, even when it does not appear to be, and the shockingly low living standards of single mothers in the US point to need for significant reform in our welfare programs.Gender studies, Women's studies, Social status, Single mothers, Public welfare, Single mothers--Economic conditionsdlm2172, ras33Political ScienceReportsHow Women Vote: Exploring the Relationship Gender and Party Affiliationhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:205375
Burton, Joshua Matthew; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8G161BWSat, 03 Dec 2016 13:27:22 +0000The overwhelming majority of women identify with the Democratic party and vote for Democrats. There are a few exceptions to this generalization, which shows that gender is only a single factor in determining political identification, thus allowing the Republican party to still hold a significant portion of the female electorate.Political science, Gender studies, Women--Political activity, Party affiliation, Democratic Party (U.S.), Republican Party (U.S. : 1854- )jmb2394, ras33Political ScienceReportsQueerspawn on the Couch: A Guide for Clinicians Working With Youth and Adults With LGBT Parentshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:204546
McKnight, Meganhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8T15428Thu, 17 Nov 2016 18:04:53 +0000Support for LGBTQ families is on the rise and many research studies have been published proving that children with LGBTQ parents fare just as well as children raised by heterosexual, cisgender parents. However, despite the growing acceptance of LGBTQ families, much of the literature and many community resources have only focused on the parents. We still know very little about the experiences and development of queerspawn. In particular, many are unfamiliar with the kinds of support queerspawn need, the language they may use to speak about their identity/ies, and their unique relationship to queerness and queer community. The culmination of this paper includes clinical recommendations for providers to consider when working in clinical settings with queerspawn.Social work, GLBT studies, Gender studies, Sexual minorities, Social work with sexual minorities, Sexual minorities' families, Families, Family social workSocial WorkArticlesGender Bias and Clinical Judgment: Examining the Influence of Attitudes Toward Women on Clinician Perceptions of Dangerousnesshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:202839
Rojas, Erica G.http://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8WQ043BFri, 14 Oct 2016 18:06:21 +0000Mental health professionals are continually asked to determine whether an individual is safe to reside in society without restraint. However, early research on the ability of mental health professionals to assess dangerousness has produced discouraging results. A clinician’s ability to process and recall clinical material may significantly be influenced by patient characteristics. Clinicians are not immune to gender biases, and research assessing such differences between male and female clinicians -- including how their attitudes toward women influence their clinical judgment-- have yielded mixed results. This dissertation will assess the impact of clinician attitudinal factors, specifically gender biases, on perceptions of dangerousness. Furthermore, this dissertation will also examine themes that emerge regarding gender bias, racial bias, and attitudes toward women within the assessment of dangerousness.Counseling psychology, Clinical psychology, Gender studies, Dangerously mentally ill, Sexism in medicine, Mental health personnel and patientegr2115Psychology, Counseling PsychologyDissertationsNot “Pulling up the Ladder”: Women Who Organize Conference Symposia Provide Greater Opportunities for Women to Speak at Conservation Conferenceshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:202257
Sardelis, Stephanie Ann; Drew, Joshua Adamhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D88G8KXHMon, 26 Sep 2016 16:02:16 +0000The scientific community faces numerous challenges in achieving gender equality among its participants. One method of highlighting the contributions made by female scientists is through their selection as featured speakers in symposia held at the conferences of professional societies. Because they are specially invited, symposia speakers obtain a prestigious platform from which to display their scientific research, which can elevate the recognition of female scientists. We investigated the number of female symposium speakers in two professional societies (the Society of Conservation Biology (SCB) from 1999 to 2015, and the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists (ASIH) from 2005 to 2015), in relation to the number of female symposium organizers. Overall, we found that 36.4% of symposia organizers and 31.7% of symposia speakers were women at the Society of Conservation Biology conferences, while 19.1% of organizers and 28% of speakers were women at the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists conferences. For each additional female organizer at the SCB and ASIH conferences, there was an average increase of 95% and 70% female speakers, respectively. As such, we found a significant positive relationship between the number of women organizing a symposium and the number of women speaking in that symposium. We did not, however, find a significant increase in the number of women speakers or organizers per symposium over time at either conference, suggesting a need for revitalized efforts to diversify our scientific societies. To further those ends, we suggest facilitating gender equality in professional societies by removing barriers to participation, including assisting with travel, making conferences child-friendly, and developing thorough, mandatory Codes of Conduct for all conferences.Women's studies, Conservation biology, Gender studies, Women in science, Congresses and conventions, Sex discrimination in sciencesas2367, jd2977Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyArticlesSirens/Cyborgs: Sound Technologies and the Musical Bodyhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:199730
Vágnerová, Luciehttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D81V5F1PThu, 02 Jun 2016 18:32:41 +0000This dissertation investigates the political stakes of women’s work with sound technologies engaging the body since the 1970s by drawing on frameworks and methodologies from music history, sound studies, feminist theory, performance studies, critical theory, and the history of technology. Although the body has been one of the principal subjects of new musicology since the early 1990s, its role in electronic music is still frequently shortchanged. I argue that the way we hear electro-bodily music has been shaped by extra-musical, often male-controlled contexts. I offer a critique of the gendered and racialized foundations of terminology such as “extended,” “non-human,” and “dis/embodied,” which follows these repertories. In the work of American composers Joan La Barbara, Laurie Anderson, Wendy Carlos, Laetitia Sonami, and Pamela Z, I trace performative interventions in technoscientific paradigms of the late twentieth century.
The voice is perceived as the locus of the musical body and has long been feminized in musical discourse. The first three chapters explore how this discourse is challenged by compositions featuring the processed, broadcast, and synthesized voices of women. I focus on how these works stretch the limits of traditional vocal epistemology and, in turn, engage the bodies of listeners. In the final chapter on musical performance with gesture control, I question the characterization of hand/arm gesture as a “natural” musical interface and return to the voice, now sampled and mapped onto movement. Drawing on Cyborg feminist frameworks which privilege hybridity and multiplicity, I show that the above composers audit the dominant technoscientific imaginary by constructing musical bodies that are never essentially manifested nor completely erased.Music, Gender studies, La Barbara, Joan, 1947-, Anderson, Laurie, 1947-, Carlos, Wendy, Sonami, Laetitia de Compiègne, Electronic music, Musical criticismlv2252MusicDissertationsA Pre-production Dramaturgical Casebook For William Shakespeare’s The Taming Of The Shrewhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:198928
Martin, Danya Geehttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8HM58HTSat, 14 May 2016 19:30:37 +0000Few of Shakespeare’s plays engender such charged responses as The Taming of the Shrew. Heavily influenced by Italian learned comedies and English folk tales, The Shrew tells the story of Katherine and Petruchio, the daughter of a wealthy merchant and a bachelor out to seek his fortune. Despite its comic origins, The Shrew’s sexual and gender politics can prove troubling rather than humorous to modern audiences.
In the U.S. today, women account for 57 percent of the workforce, 15 percent of the military, and 58 percent of enrollment at colleges and universities; in addition, roughly 82 percent of Americans believe “men and women should be social, political, and economic equals” (“Data”; Wood; “Table”; Swanson). Despite these tremendous gains, one in three women in the U.S. “have been victims of [some form of] physical violence by an intimate partner within their lifetime” and “nearly half of all women in the United States have experienced at least one form of psychological aggression by an intimate partner” (“Statistics”; “Intimate”).
Furthermore, while feminism has empowered women in the public realm, the rise of internet porn and the commodification of sexuality teach teenage girls in intimate relationships that “they have to be pleasing, they have to be submissive, that their sexual pleasure is dependent on that of the male partner” (Leive qtd. in Orenstein). Given the confusing state of modern gender politics, critics express concern that by portraying Petruchio’s taming tactics “as laughable and Kate’s affectionate bondage as harmless, the play does the cultural work of figuring a husband’s control over his wife as artful, heroic, and pleasurable for both” (Detmer 289). This begs the question: should we continue to produce a play that can seem not just outdated but even harmful?Theater, Gender studies, Taming of the shrew (Shakespeare, William), Sex role in the theater, Dramaturgesdgm2130TheatreMaster's thesesGendered Subjects of Transitional Justicehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:198399
Franke, Katherine M.http://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8571C0XThu, 05 May 2016 11:40:00 +0000Transitional societies must contend with a range of complex challenges as they seek to come to terms with and move beyond an immediate past saturated with mass murder, rape, torture, exploitation, disappearance, displacement, starvation, and all other manner of human suffering. Questions of justice figure prominently in these transitional moments, and they do so in a dual fashion that is at once backward and forward looking. Successor governments must think creatively about building institutions that bring justice to the past, while at the same time demonstrate a commitment that justice will form a bedrock of governance in the present and future. This is no easy task, and shortcuts, both in dealing with the past and in building a just future, often appear irresistible. In Martha Minow’s words, justice at this juncture amounts to replacing “violence with words and terror with fairness,” and steering a “path between too much memory and too much forgetting.”
The template of mechanisms available to undertake transitional justice are familiar to those who work in this field: prosecutions (domestic and international); truth and reconciliation commissions; lustration (the shaming and banning of perpetrators from public office); public access to police, military and other governmental records; public apology; public memorials; reburial of victims; compensation or reparation to victims and/or their families (in the form of money, land, or other resources); literary and historical writing; and blanket or individualized amnesty. In most cases, justice demands the deployment of a number of these tools, given that no one of them can adequately address and repair the injuries of the past nor chart a fully just future. Transitional justice will always be both incomplete and messy.Law, Gender studies, Civil law, Civil rights, Transitional justice, Sex and lawkmf37LawArticlesEve Sedgwick, Civil Rights, and Perversionhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:198394
Franke, Katherine M.http://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8DR2VH5Thu, 05 May 2016 11:24:21 +0000It is hard to imagine where queer theory would be without Eve Sedgwick. Indeed, I can’t imagine where my own thinking would be had it not been informed, enriched, challenged, repulsed, and seduced by Sedgwick’s writing. Between Men: English Literature and Male Homosocial Desire and The Epistemology of the Closet, the early work, gave me the tools to think about the fundamental landscapes of my intellectual world in ways that decoupled and reconfigured the binaries of male/ female, heterosexual/homosexual, friend/lover, and public/private. Sedgwick gave us the idea of homosociality and a critique of identity and identification that exploded the male/female and homo/hetero divide. From that point forward our previous work undertaken without the benefit of these ideas seemed pathetically naive and, well, modernist (not that!) for their absence.Law, GLBT studies, Gender studies, Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky, Civil law, Civil rights, Queer theorykmf37LawArticlesFeminist Criticism: A Tale of Two Bodieshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:195959
Marcus, Sharonhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8CZ3721Tue, 22 Mar 2016 12:26:50 +0000How well is feminist criticism doing at what it does? To answer that question, we need to distinguish among its diverse arenas of action, which I will provisionally divide into four--three institutional and one cultural: hiring, teaching, scholarship, and cultural production.Gender studies, Women's studies, Feminist criticism, Feminism and the arts, Feminism and higher educationsm2247English and Comparative LiteratureArticlesThe Girl Effect: A Neoliberal Instrumentalization of Gender Equalityhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:194247
Boyd, Ginger Ging-Dwanhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D88052F2Fri, 12 Feb 2016 13:22:49 +0000Over the past ten years, ‘The Girl Effect’–the discourse and practice of investing in third world girls’ education—has ascended to the top of the international development agenda as the ‘highest return investment strategy’ to end poverty. This paper interrogates the trend by investigating the genealogy of ‘The Girl Effect’ as The Nike Foundation’s flagship corporate social responsibility campaign and the theory of change it is based on. A literature analysis of The Nike Foundation’s most recent intervention projects—“The Girl Effect Accelerator” and ‘Girl Hub’ pilot projects in Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Rwanda—will elucidate the underlying investment logic and serve as a representative sample of the broader emerging practice. While claiming to advance “gender equality” and “women’s empowerment”, I argue that The Girl Effect accomplishes the opposite by reinforcing gender inequity on both the micro and macro levels. Feminist grammars are instrumentalized as window dressing to exploit third world females as prospective (1) debtors in the expansion of credit markets, (2) exploits in the expansion of consumer markets, and (3) the ‘untapped resource’ for cheap labor. An epochal look at second wave feminism will show how ‘The Girl Effect Paradigm’ is a second wave of neoliberal exploitation—a parallel of its first female-led development era (1980s-1990s). This paper warns that as this phenomenon grows in hegemony it is insidiously displacing feminism as a political project and neutralizing the need for a truly transformational agenda. Without a counterbalance of vigilant public scrutiny and debate, we risk letting it crystallize Western- patriarchal-capitalism even more deeply in an unyielding global glass ceiling.Sustainability, Education, International relations, Gender studies, Sustainable development, Girls--Education, Poor children--Education, Neoliberalism, Developing countries, Sustainable development--International cooperation, Women's studiesEarth InstituteGender and Development: The Challenge of Mainstreamhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:191955
Nilsson, Patriciahttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D80P0ZQXMon, 07 Dec 2015 16:30:32 +0000Mainstream institutions have only begun to address issues in Gender and Development since the 1970s, and it is time to evaluate how sustainable the progress in this field has been. In this essay, I briefly discuss three specific challenges facing gender advocates. First, I discuss the risks gender advocates take and the opportunities they miss when treating women as a homogenous group. Second, I evaluate the difficulty of balancing transformative policy and integrationist policy. The former seeks to change entire systems but risks being seen as too radical to be adopted by international influential institutions. The latter allows gender awareness to become adapted by these same institutions (i.e. gender mainstreaming) but risks not truly bringing the transformation needed. In the final part of my essay, I argue the importance of halting the “Sanctity of Culture,” a phrase coined by feminist economist, Naila Kabeer (1999). I further this analysis by looking at an Indian case in which an increased ratio of women is gaining education but see little increase in other factors of equality.Sustainability, Gender studies, Gender mainstreaming, Women--Education, Humanitarianism--Political aspects, Feminism, Feminism and education, Indian women--Social conditionsEarth InstituteArticlesSocial Responses to Environmental Degradation in Northwest Rural Chinahttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:191423
Leung, A.; O'Donnell, E.; Moore, S.; Travis, H.http://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8Z89C2BWed, 25 Nov 2015 13:11:03 +0000This article joins the debate over factors which affect sustainability in China’s rural areas at both the village and individual level. It assesses gender-based differences in response to environmental problems, effects of farmer innovation circles on village sustainability, and development of environmental consciousness. We find that both sexes have low environmental consciousness, but women are more likely to be environmentally aware. Despite an increase in labor from agriculture reforms, women’s status does not increase within the family, limiting their ability to act on their environmentalism. Education, income, and age are additional demographic factors related to environmental consciousness. Villagers feel the village is most responsible for environmental protection. The importance of governmental sources of agricultural information was highlighted, as was the impact increasing wealth has on environmental consciousness. In the future women must be vital participants in future sustainability programs, due to high incidence of male migrant city workers, and women’s deep connectedness and dependence on the land.Sustainability, Gender studies, Environmental science, Environmental degradation--Social aspects, Land use, Rural--Environmental aspects, Sex differencesEarth InstituteArticlesGAD and Gender Mainstreaming: A Pathway to Sustainable Development?https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:191384
Brenner, Allettahttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D818365ZWed, 25 Nov 2015 11:56:17 +0000In recent years there has been increased attention to the importance of gender in securing long-term development goals. Consensus has now been reached that increasing the social status and economic capacity of women is an effective way of improving outcomes. The subject of this paper is the viability of the ‘Gender and Development’ (GAD) paradigm as a means of establishing socially and politically sustainable gains for women in developing countries. The author examines the GAD paradigm using the case study of ‘Gender Mainstreaming’ in the reconstruction and development of Afghanistan since 2001. Through an analysis of some of the problems encountered so far, the author questions whether such an approach is likely to actually result in long-term, sustainable improvement in that country. Three key issues include: marginalization of ‘Gender Mainstreaming’; lack of state capacity; and failures to fully integrate programs into social and cultural contexts. Though reconstruction efforts have clearly resulted in some improvement, it is argued that it is unclear whether such an approach will lead to long-term progress. Rather, there is strong evidence that GAD can actually contribute to the further politicization of gender and result in a backlash against reforms. Ultimately, the goals that the GAD paradigm attempts to achieve are extremely difficult to translate into effective practice, especially in highly volatile and politicized situations. In conclusion, the author finds that sustainable and transformative change may be elusive if one simply applies new aims to old models of aid provision.Social structure, Sustainability, Gender studies, Gender mainstreaming, Women in sustainable development, Women in developmentEarth InstituteArticlesBlack Women Matter: Gender Issues for African American Womenhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:190537
Tovar, Tiffanie Denise; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8F47NRTWed, 04 Nov 2015 10:27:52 +0000This issue brief will examine the gender issues African American women face, from a lack of discussion on the relationship between black men and women to the need for black representation in leadership positions in politics and activism.Political science, Social structure, Gender studies, African American women, African American women--Political activity, Mass media and minorities, Man-woman relationshipstdt2114, ras33Political ScienceReportsWomen/Gender Issues x Euro American: Feminism for Whom?https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:190419
Leff, Julia Kim; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8R210ZGMon, 02 Nov 2015 10:24:50 +0000European American women have the dominant voice in the feminist movement despite minority women who are fighting for greater inclusion and to have their voices heard.Sociology, Political science, Gender studies, Public policy, Minority women, Second-wave feminism, Third-wave feminism, Equal Pay Act of 1963 (United States)jkl2158, ras33Political ScienceReportsGen/Ten: Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's Between Men at 30https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:190397
Marcus, Sharonhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8BZ65M6Fri, 30 Oct 2015 17:04:39 +0000This is the slightly modified text of a talk delivered at a conference held on October 23rd, 2015, to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the publication of Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick's foundational book Between Men. The talk argues that Sedgwick's book embraces generalizations as strongly as it alerts us to the need to keep them flexible.Women's studies, Gender studies, GLBT studies, Sex, Queer theory, Gender identity, Sedgwick, Eve Kosofskysm2247English and Comparative LiteraturePresentationsGender Inequality in the Workplacehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:190361
Greene, Bridget Marie; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8TB16FMFri, 30 Oct 2015 13:40:07 +0000Although the women's rights movement took a great leap forward with the passage of the 19th Amendment, females still face discrimination in the professional world. This discrimination can take several forms, including exclusion from specific industries and lower pay for hours worked.Political science, Gender studies, Sociology, Sex discrimination in employment, Institute for Women's Policy Research, Women--Suffragebmg2143, ras33Political ScienceReportsWomen and Party Affiliation: Gender Gaps and Demographic Cleavageshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:190317
Getz, Christopher David; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8G44PT9Thu, 29 Oct 2015 16:13:43 +0000Women consistently vote both in greater numbers and as a higher percentage of eligible voters than men, making them an attractive demographic for politicians. However, women more consistently support the Democratic Party than the Republican, for numerous reasons and with some notable exceptions.Political science, Psychology, Gender studies, Women--Political activity, Party affiliation, Voter turnoutcdg2138, ras33Political ScienceReportsFinding Common Ground: A Feminist Response to Men’s Rights Activismhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:190077
Allain, Jacquelinehttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D88G8K7JWed, 21 Oct 2015 14:58:09 +0000The relationship between feminists and men’s rights activists (MRAs) is a hostile one. This paper, which traces the MRA movement’s origins to the men’s liberation movement of the 1960s, demonstrates that it need not be. Putting contemporary men’s rights activism in conversation with feminist theory and praxis, this essay explores points of ideological convergence between the two movements, demonstrates the potential for partnership, and suggests further avenues of scholarly research on contemporary men’s rights activism. Attempting to better understand MRAs and their potential as feminist allies is vital if we wish to build and sustain a holistic, inclusive feminism that is truly committed to dismantling patriarchal ideology.Women's studies, Gender studies, Men's movement, Feminism, Gender studies, Women's rightsAthena Center for Leadership StudiesArticlesHousehold Migration, Social Support, and Psychosocial Health: The Perspective from Migrant-Sending Areashttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:189427
Lu, Yaohttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D86H4GT4Wed, 30 Sep 2015 12:59:12 +0000An extensive literature demonstrates various negative health consequences of family disruption in Western societies, which is largely due to marital dissolution. In developing settings, family disruption commonly arises in the context of labor out-migration. However, studies on household emigration often focus on the economic benefits from remittances, overlooking emigration as a source of stress and loss of social support. This research examines the psychosocial consequences of internal out-migration using longitudinal survey data collected in Indonesia between 1993 and 2007. Results demonstrate considerable psychosocial costs of out-migration, with adults left behind by migrants more susceptible to stress-related health impairments such as hypertension and to psychological distress such as depressive symptoms. These findings largely hold when specific relations are investigated, including spouses left behind and parents left behind by adult children. This study also finds some support for the stress-buffering role of social support from extended families and the differential psychosocial processes for men and women.Individual and family studies, Gender studies, Mental healthyl2479SociologyArticlesWomen in Conflicthttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:188112
Arnett, Robinhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8HX1BZ2Tue, 08 Sep 2015 13:51:41 +0000This article focuses on female combatants serving in armed conflicts in Africa, South America, and Asia, profiling their time engaged with these forces as well as the realities they face upon their return to civilian life. Women play a significant role in these conflicts, sometimes constituting up to 30% of the armed forces, although they are often overlooked. When they are acknowledged, women are frequently regarded as helpless victims rather than active participants. Through statistics and country profiles, the groundwork is laid to develop a fuller picture of female participation in conflict in terms of their numbers, the ways in which they become involved, and the various roles that they play. Conditions women commonly face upon returning from war are explored, including stigma, psychological and physical health issues, and a lack of options to provide for their own livelihoods. The article specifically notes the deficiencies of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs in serving female populations. The article concludes with analysis and recommendations for improvements to DDR programming, specifically as it relates to serving women and girls, and noting the precedent set by international human rights law for gender mainstreaming in DDR.Social work, Gender studies, Armed Forces, Women soldiersrea2138Social WorkArticlesTransnational Care Constellations: Mexican Immigrant Mothers and their Children in Mexico and in New York Cityhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:187824
Oliveira, Gabriellehttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8RR1XBGTue, 12 May 2015 18:27:26 +0000The feminization of Mexican migration to the United States is increasing, and more mothers who migrate leave their children behind for long periods to be cared for by grandparents or relatives in Mexico. Women also form new families when they arrive in the United States, but continue to "care" for the children who stayed in Mexico. We know little about how transnational familial ties across the U.S. -Mexico border influence the educational trajectories of children who stay behind, are born here and are brought over from Mexico. This study asks how Mexican maternal migration has influenced care arrangements and education trajectories of the children in Mexico, comparing these to their siblings who were brought over to America or who were born in the United States. In this dissertation I address how U.S. bound Mexican maternal migration shapes and influences children and youth in both sides of the border. These families, or what refer to "transnational care constellations" include the following types of members: New York based undocumented mothers; the children they brought to the U.S. (also undocumented); their U.S. born offspring (U.S. citizens); children they have left behind in Mexico; and children's caregivers in Mexico.
Drawing on ethnographic method I examine transnational caregiving practices among women with children in New York and Mexico. After recruiting twenty families to participate in my study I established three levels of engagement with participants. Eight transnational care constellations constituted the center of my qualitative research. I spent time with them in Mexico and in New York and tracked half of them for over three years. The second level of engagement happened with the other twelve families who I interviewed and observed in New York City, but visited less times in Mexico. Finally, participants who belonged to the third level of engagement were forty mothers in New York City, fathers, caregivers and over sixty children and youth in Mexico who were not matched. In addition I surveyed over 200 children between the ages of seven and sixteen in three schools in Puebla to assess the impacts of maternal remittance on school achievement. Specifically, I compare the educational experiences and social trajectories of three groups of children: the ones left in Mexico, the undocumented children and youth brought to the U.S., and those born in the U.S. The ethnographic core of my dissertation work tracked twenty transnational families who are split between Mexico and the U.S over a period of 18 months. I have traveled back and forth between different states in Mexico and New York in order to capture the dynamism of communities who are "here and there." The children and youth in what I refer to as "care constellation" share the same biological mother who has migrated to New York City, but their lives differ dramatically in terms of academic achievement and familial support.Cultural anthropology, Gender studies, Education, Emigration and immigration--Social aspects, Children of immigrants--Educationgo2161Applied Anthropology, International and Transcultural StudiesDissertationsDifferential Effects of Family Context on Noncognitive Ability and School Performance during Adolescencehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:187097
Jodl, Jacqueline Mariehttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8DV1J0CMon, 11 May 2015 15:33:30 +0000Recent research suggests that the female advantage in educational attainment is driven in part by the differential effect of family background characteristics on the noncognitive skills of males relative to females. Building on this research, this study provides new evidence that links family characteristics and gender differences in noncognitive ability and school performance. Data are drawn from the NLSY79 Child and Young Adult Surveys. Multilevel modeling is used to examine how family context relates to gender differences in adolescent externalizing behavior, and how family context relates to gender differences in externalizing behavior and high school grades. Results indicate a strong relationship between externalizing behavior and grades that is not explained by the female advantage in grades. Results also indicate that males are differentially affected by family context and suggest that the pathways through which family structure, noncognitive ability, and school performance operate are different for boys relative to girls. A primary conclusion is that boys’ externalizing behavior is more dependent upon family background characteristics. Findings suggest the need to address both the school and family environments by formulating policies that promote the development of noncognitive skills in school as well as those that remedy family disadvantage in the home.Education policy, Gender studies, Individual and family studiesEducation Policy and Social AnalysisDissertationsWomen/Gender Issues and Discriminationhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:183431
Thomas, James Ryan; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D88914PMMon, 23 Feb 2015 15:39:06 +0000This issue brief will investigate the topic of discrimination in the United States as it relates to women and issues that have arisen regarding gender equality. It will examine the perceived and factual inequalities that have arisen in American society in regards to this issue.Political science, Gender studiesjrt2139, ras33Political ScienceReportsThe Intersection of the Bi/Multiracial Population and Women/Gender Issueshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:183446
Ross, Elizabeth Sarah; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8JS9P9NMon, 23 Feb 2015 15:12:10 +0000This issue brief focuses on the intersection of the bi/multiracial population and women/gender issues. In addition to discrimination in the workplace, a persistent gender-wage gap, and a society still dominated by men, bi/multiracial women face the additional barriers of racial discrimination and discrimination based on physical features.Political science, Gender studies, Ethnic studiesesr2143, ras33Political ScienceReportsGender Issues and Affirmative Actionhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:183543
Maguire, Nicholas Roman; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D83R0RQ2Mon, 23 Feb 2015 14:19:02 +0000This issue brief will go into the details of how the sphere of affirmative action has influenced women and gender studies in general. More importantly, it was also go into how affirmative action has not necessarily been as great an aid to gender as it has been to race.Political science, Gender studiesnrm2133, ras33Political ScienceReportsEuropean American Women/Gender Issueshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:183509
Blanco, Anabel; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8G44P4BMon, 23 Feb 2015 10:23:48 +0000There seems to be a disparity in the way distinct groups of European American women experience American culture. This disparity is best expressed in the way Eastern and Western European American women approach gender roles and issues.Gender studies, Ethnic studiesab3897, ras33Political ScienceReportsOeditorial Repression: The Case Histories of Hemingway and the Fitzgeraldshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:181880
Vandenburg, Margarethttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D84748N1Thu, 29 Jan 2015 14:17:20 +0000With the persistence of repetition compulsion, Modernists define their movement vis- à-vis the classic Freudian assumption that sexuality is the mainspring of virtually everything, including literary merit. The most libidinous of their aesthetic manifestos is Ezra Pound's characterization of creativity as a “phallus or spermatozoid charging, head-on, the female chaos … driving a new idea into the great passive vulva of London.” Though C. G. Jung is far less enamored of the phallus, he endows masculinity with the “creative and procreative” power of Logos, which, echoing Pound, he calls the “spermatic word.” As if to fend off “scribbling women,” Jung warns that “mental masculinization of the woman has unwelcome results,” most notably frigidity, homosexuality, and “a deadly boring kind of sophistry.” Gertrude Stein's iconoclasm notwithstanding, her paradoxical assertion that her genius is masculine simultaneously reifies and defies this theory that biology determines literary destiny. In the Modernist canon, the pen is a penis, even when a cigar is just a cigar. The most influential of the movement's manifestos, T. S. Eliot's “Tradition and the Individual Talent,” codifies aesthetic essentialism, positing an Oedipal model of canonicity contingent on the authority of literary fathers. Even Virginia Woolf's rejection of gendered canonicity in A Room of One's Own assumes its tenacity, as if she were protesting too much against the inevitable.Literature, Gender studiesmsv1English (Barnard College)ArticlesAryan Mundus and Sexual Inversion: Eliot's Edition of Nightwoodhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:181883
Vandenburg, Margarethttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8CR5S5PThu, 29 Jan 2015 14:04:38 +0000Despite its notorious sexual politics, Djuna Barnes's Nightwood gained considerable literary respectability when T. S. Eliot endorsed the first American edition with his Introduction. The presiding dean of Modernist letters at Faber and Faber in London, Eliot could distinguish even obscure writers with a single stroke of his editorial pen. Though his decision to publish Djuna Barnes's wildly subversive Nightwood suggests that an antic disposition lurked beneath his studied propriety, he expurgated several of the manuscript's most transgressive episodes, thus diminishing the redemptive role of sexual inversion in the novel. Eliot admits in his Introduction that “it took me, with this book, some time to come to an appreciation of its meaning as a whole”, but his editorial deletions indicate he overlooked the symbolic significance of inversion as the antithesis of Aryan essentialism in the manuscript. With uncanny prescience, Nightwood forecasts the nightmare of Nazi genocide and gendercide, creating a Parisian underground of expatriate inverts in exile from the deadly cultural “hygiene” of fascism. Analysis of the deleted manuscript passages restores the full force of Barnes's antifascist polemic in which inversion ultimately wins the day.Literature, Gender studiesmsv1English (Barnard College)ArticlesMeet an Intelligent Chauvinisthttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:181711
Hammond, Tamarahttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D82N512DWed, 28 Jan 2015 12:45:20 +0000There is a list of highly intelligent men who are chauvinists. From Buddha to Schopenhauer to Fraud to Thoreau to Einstein – any time, any era, any vanguard.
My first choice is Albert Einstein, the man called a genius and the smartest man on the planet.Gender studiesth2283Slavic Languages and LiteraturesReportsThis one matters to mehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:178136
Drew, Joshua Adamhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8K64GN6Wed, 08 Oct 2014 11:51:10 +0000Twitter is a great medium for people to communicate, but it’s short character limit, the sheer volume of tweets and the frequent lack of context can mean that conversations on twitter tend to go from 0 to full on Rage mode in 3.5 seconds. I typically try to stay out of these. I recognize that being in a position of privilage I can pick and choose which battles I engage in and which ones I ignore. This one I can’t ignore. This one matters to me.Gender studiesjd2977Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyBlog postsOn Sexual Assault and Invisibilityhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:178124
Drew, Joshua Adamhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8M32TC8Wed, 08 Oct 2014 11:36:25 +0000This past week I had the good fortune to read an advanced copy of a powerful book Fault Line by my good friend Christa Desir. Fault line tells a story about a young woman who was raped and how that act of violence shatters her and how that shattering reverberates among the people who care about her. I’m not going to give the whole story away now (it goes on sale on October 15th (you can purchase it here), however I want to say two things about it. First this book really shook me. I want you all to get it because this is the kind of book that makes you want to talk to people you love after reading it. It is a difficult book to read, but then again many important things are often difficult. The second aspect of the book that struck me was that the woman who was raped went into a spiral of self-destructive behavior because she wanted to be able to feel something, even if that something was negative. She did not seek help because of multiple reasons and that ultimately lead to some difficult situations. Seeking help is important and we should be working as a society to lower barriers for victims of sexual assault to get that help.Gender studiesjd2977Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyBlog postsMen in the Movement – A weeklong discussion about sexual violencehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:177991
Drew, Joshua Adamhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8HT2MX8Mon, 06 Oct 2014 14:26:19 +0000I am a strong advocate for women’s rights and proud to be involved in the anti-rape movement. (The fact that there even needs to be a movement against rape is pretty shocking when you think about it.) To be honest it’s not like there is a pro-rape party out there, rather to me, the anti-rape movement is more about raising awareness of a pernicious suite of ideas and cultural norms which propagate permissive or enabling attitudes towards rape. So rather than having a group advocating for rape which we oppose, we stand against actions which facilitate sexual violence.Gender studiesjd2977Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental BiologyBlog postsEthics of Emotion in Nineteenth-Century Japanese Literature: Shunsui, Bakin, the Political Novel, Shôyô, Sôsekihttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:202200
Poch, Daniel Tarohttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8Q23XT9Tue, 23 Sep 2014 12:32:04 +0000This dissertation investigates how textual negotiations of "human feeling" and its ethically disruptive potential fundamentally shaped the production of literature in Japan over the early modern-modern divide well into the 20th century. "Human feeling" (Jap. jô, Chin. qing) was a loaded term in traditional Confucian discourses that subsumed amorous sentiment and sexual desire. It was seen as both a powerful force that could reinforce important societal bonds (such as the one between husband and wife) and as transgressive and ethically suspect. While traditional literary discourse, reaching back to the "Great Preface" of the Chinese Classic of Poetry (Shijing), defined poetry as a medium that could channel potentially unregulated emotions and desires, from the 18th century onward a strong awareness of "human feeling" started shaping the production of a broader spectrum of Japanese genres, such as jôruri puppet theater and, especially from the early 19th century, narrative fiction. I argue that the necessity to represent and write about potentially transgressive feelings and desires lies at the heart of major genres in 19th century Japan. At the same time this engendered the often conscious impulse to regulate these feelings ethically, for instance, through the specific dynamics of gender and plot. I define negotiations of "human feeling" as the simultaneous impulse in writing not only to represent but also to ethically and socially regulate and control feelings and desires. Precisely because the representation and negotiation of "human feeling" define the very essence of Japanese poetic writing and, from the 19th century onward, increasingly that of narrative writing as well, I argue that negotiations of "human feeling" are central to the broader emergence and formation of modern literature in Japan.
My first chapter examines selected ninjôbon ("human feeling") by Tamenaga Shunsui (1790-1843) and Kyokutei Bakin's (1767-1848) long narrative yomihon ("books for reading") cycle Nansô Satomi Hakkenden (Eight Dog Chronicle of the Nansô Satomi Clan, 1814-42). I examine how both ninjôbon and yomihon writings explore the deep opposition as well as the implicit affinity between "human feeling" and the sphere of Confucian ethics. My second chapter investigates a variety of novels (shôsetsu) written in the "long" decade of the 1880s: the translated novel Karyû shunwa (Spring Tale of Flowers and Willows, 1878-79), political fiction, and Tsubouchi Shôyô's (1859-1935) rewriting and reform of political fiction at the end of the decade. I for instance examine how these novels -- such as Suehiro Tetchô's (1849-96) Setchûbai (Plum Blossoms in the Snow, 1886) or Shôyô's Imo to se kagami (Mirror of Marriage, 1885-86) -- allegorically negotiate both transgressive sexual desire and chaste spiritual love within a teleological plot structure of democratic reform and heroic activity. My third chapter turns to Meiji-period fiction after 1890, in particular to texts that thematize the new medium of art as well as the figure of the artist or the literary writer. I argue that these texts -- Kôda Rohan's (1867-1947) Fûryûbutsu (The Buddha of Romance, 1889), Mori Ôgai's (1862-1922) German trilogy (1889-90), or Tayama Katai's (1871-1930) Futon (The Quilt, 1907) - continue the ethical negotiation between transgressive sexual desire and spiritual feelings within an implicitly allegorical plot structure that points back to 1880s political fiction. My fourth chapter largely focuses on the diversity of Natsume Sôseki's (1867-1916) early literary oeuvre, including various genres of poetry, so-called sketch writing (shaseibun), and novels. I argue that Sôseki's literary experimentation, for instance in Kusamakura (The Grass Pillow, 1906), with various non-novelistic genres stems from the desire to devise an alternative regime of literature that mediates the representation of "human feeling" in a more detached manner than that of the novel. At the same time, Sôseki's novel writing - as I demonstrate through my reading of Sorekara (And Then, 1909) - brings back a non-detached focus on "human feeling" that profoundly echoes the earlier attempt in 19th century fiction to reconcile transgressive feelings with the telos of a heroic and ethically driven plot.Asian literature, Modern literature, Gender studies, Japanese literature, Emotions in literature, Ethics in literaturedtp2105East Asian Languages and CulturesDissertationsCoed Revolution: The Female Student in the Japanese New Left, 1957-1972https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:201430
Schieder, Chelsea Szendihttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8V69GSCFri, 15 Aug 2014 12:34:13 +0000Violent events involving female students symbolized the rise and fall of the New Left in Japan, from the death of Kanba Michiko in a mass demonstration of 1960 to the 1972 deaths ordered by Nagata Hiroko in a sectarian purge. This study traces how shifting definitions of violence associated with the student movement map onto changes in popular representations of the female student activist, with broad implications for the role women could play in postwar politics and society.
In considering how gender and violence figured in the formation and dissolution of the New Left in Japan, I trace three phases of the postwar Japanese student movement. The first (1957-1960), which I treat in chapters one and two, was one of idealism, witnessing the emergence of the New Left in 1957 and, within only a few years, some of its largest public demonstrations. Young women became new political actors in the postwar period, their enfranchisement commonly represented as a break from and a bulwark against "male" wartime violence. Chapter two traces the processes by which Kanba Michiko became an icon of New Left sacrifice and the fragility of postwar democracy. It introduces Kanba's own writings to underscore the ironic discrepancy between her public significance as a "maiden sacrifice" and her personal relationship to radical politics.
A phase of backlash (1960-1967) followed the explosive rise of Japan's New Left. Chapter three introduces some key tabloid debates that suggested female presence in social institutions such as universities held the potential to "ruin the nation." The powerful influence of these frequently sarcastic but damaging debates, echoed in government policies re-linking young women to domestic labor, confirmed mass media's importance in interpreting the social role of the female student. Although the student movement imagined itself as immune to the logic of the state and the mass media, the practices of the late-1960s campus-based student movement, examined in chapter four, illustrate how larger societal assumptions about gender roles undergirded the gendered hierarchy of labor that emerged in the barricades.
The final phase (1969-1972) of the student New Left was dominated by two imaginary rather than real female figures, and is best emblematized by the notion of "Gewalt." I use the German term for violence, Gewalt, because of its peculiar resonances within the student movement of the late 1960s. Japanese students employed a transliteration--gebaruto--to distinguish their "counter-violence" from the violence employed by the state. However, the mass media soon picked up on the term and reversed its polarities in order to disparage the students' actions. It was in this late-1960s moment that women, once considered particularly vulnerable to violence, became deeply associated with active incitement to violence. I explore this dynamic, and the New Left's culture of masculinity, in chapters five and six.Asian history, Gender studies, Asian studies, Student movements, New Left, Violence, Kanba, Michiko, 1937-1960css2125East Asian Languages and CulturesDissertationsDeconstructing Discourse: Gender and Neoliberal Orientalism in the Egyptian Revolutionhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:174106
Ellman-Golman, Sophiehttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8930R90Mon, 19 May 2014 17:28:49 +0000This thesis will show that in Egyptian media and political discourse, women’s rights rhetoric serves as a façade for anti-woman nationalism, and in American media and political discourse, neoliberal support for the revolution cloaks gendered orientalism. Each is riddled with contradictions. The juxtaposition of appropriating a pro-woman label while dismissing its substance, with the dismissal of a racist concept’s label yet utilization of its substance demonstrates a grave problem in both political activism and media: indifference to probing reflection and the prioritization of a means-to-an-end attitude. This indifference and these priorities only produce short-term or surface-level solutions because they employ short-term and surface-level tactics. Consequently, revolutions do not result in the desperately desired deconstruction of hegemonic political, economic and social systems, and media does not yield in-depth investigations into the systemic problems in which the issues discussed are rooted.African studies, Gender studies, Women's studiesse2280Africana Studies (Barnard College)Undergraduate thesesReview Essay: Stephen Kolsky, The Ghost of Boccaccio: Writings on Famous Women in Renaissance Italyhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:173210
Cavallo, Jo Annhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8DR2SK7Thu, 24 Apr 2014 15:37:39 +0000Book Review of The Ghost of Boccaccio: Writings on Famous Women in Renaissance Italy by Stephen KolskyLiterature, Gender studiesjac3ItalianReviewsSexuality, Social Inequalities, and Sexual Vulnerability among Low-Income Youth in the City of Ayacucho, Peruhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:197049
Yon Leau, Carmen Juanahttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8T72FJ6Fri, 11 Apr 2014 16:37:38 +0000This ethnographic study explores diverse ways in which sexuality and social hierarchies and inequalities interact in the lives of low-income youth who were trained as peer-educators and sexual health and rights advocates in Ayacucho, Peru. It examines three central questions: 1) How are meanings about sexuality related to social hierarchies and social prestige among these youth? 2) How do quotidian manifestations of social inequity shape vulnerability of youth to sexual abuse and sexual risks, and their sexual agency to face these situations? and 3) What are the possibilities and limitations of existent sexual rights educational programs to diminish sexual vulnerability of youth facing diverse forms of inequality, such as economic, gender, ethnic and inter-generational disparities? I analyze what may be termed as the political economy of sexual vulnerability among low-income youth, and show the concrete ways in which it operates in their everyday life. Likewise, this research studies sexuality as a domain of reproduction, resignification and critique of social inequality and social hierarchies. The context is an Andean city, which in recent decades has experienced incomplete processes of democratization, and also a greater penetration of consumerism and transnational ideas and images. This study also reveals cultural logics of youth about sexual risks and complex dimensions of their sexual and gender agency. In terms of policies and programs, this research offers evidence and reflections about some challenges and limitations of a participatory sexual rights project within a context of poverty and social inequalities in urban low-income areas of Peru.Cultural anthropology, Public health, Gender studies, Sex, Equality, Human rights workers, Poorcjy2105Sociomedical SciencesDissertationsRevised Lives: Lineage and Dislocation in Seventeenth-Century English Autobiographyhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:185639
Murphy, Sara Annhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D83R0QZSFri, 11 Apr 2014 14:55:37 +0000My central premise in “Revised Lives” is that four English writers - Margaret Cavendish, Anne Halkett, John Bunyan, and John Milton - use the lineal family as a central trope in the autobiographical writings they write in response to the political and social upheaval caused by the civil wars, interregnum, and Restoration (1637-85). By portraying themselves as dislocated heirs who resolutely uphold their families' political legacies, these writers capitalize on the political power inherent in lineage as a repository of political power comprised both of material objects - people and property - and their symbolic meaning - social status and political influence. After the Restoration, Cavendish, Halkett, Bunyan, and Milton repurpose their prewar and interregnum portrayals of lineage - of which all but Milton's emphasized dislocation and political defeat rather than political triumph - for a new political climate, revising their initial works in new, more fictionalized autobiographical narratives. Autobiography in this period thus reaffirms the impression of the lineal family as a political force from which individual agents emerge. In chapter 1, I show how Margaret Cavendish recasts herself and her parents, as she depicts them in her 1656 memoir “A true Relation” as allegorical characters who model royalist political action in her Restoration fiction “The Blazing World”. Chapter 2 argues that royalist Anne Halkett mitigates her record of ongoing alienation as an exile in Scotland, as recorded in her journal Meditations (1658-99), when she reasserts the power of lineal relationships that she witnessed during the 1650s while a royalist conspirator in her 1678 Autobiography. In chapter 3, I explain why John Bunyan separates the individual journeys of the protagonist Christian and that of his wife and children in his two-part allegory The Pilgrim’s Progress (1678; 1684). By splitting the puritan household into two generations (and two narratives), he portrays a father protecting his family from persecution in order to redress his own involuntary separation from his family, chronicled in the spiritual autobiography Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (1666). Finally, chapter 4 focuses the relationships between fathers and sons in a selection of John Milton's autobiographical and political poems. In his pre-war and interregnum writings, Milton's sons successfully transform resources they have inherited from their fathers - from education to artistic talent and the legacies of political office - into effective political action. When Milton revisits this model in his Restoration verse tragedy Samson Agonistes (1671), however, he undermines the positive nature of these relationships in Manoa's and Samson's competing interpretations of their family's political legacy. Modern English-language autobiography begins not as a genre solely focused on the story of the self, but, rather, as a genre that uses the lineal family from which the author emerges to construct a political legacy that he or she uses writing to uphold.British and Irish literature, Biographies, Gender studiessam2142English and Comparative LiteratureDissertationsThe Terms of Our Connection: Affiliation and Difference in the Post-1960 North American Novelhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:174618
James, Jennifer M.http://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D81J97TXWed, 02 Apr 2014 16:26:22 +0000This dissertation considers a neglected legacy of the long 1960s (1959-1975): the struggle to form lasting connections across seemingly irreparable social divides. Through a comparative analysis of North American novels by James Baldwin, Toni Morrison, Margaret Atwood, Linda Hogan, Tim O'Brien and Susan Choi, I identify a common story their works all share: the narrative of affiliation. These novels of affiliation, I argue, represent the creation of lateral bonds of attachment among individuals of different races, ethnicities, genders, sexualities and classes. As a transgressive and unruly form of interpersonal relationship, affiliation works to bridge divisions by joining together the contradictory feelings of erotic desire and friendship. Defining an overlooked sub-genre of the post-1960 North American novel of development, this project illuminates the heterogeneous bonds of solidarity that undoubtedly arose during the sixties, yet have been continually silenced by national discourses of identity and multiculturalism. In the wake of neo-liberalism, 1960s collective projects for social change, including the New Left, the civil rights movement, Black Nationalism, feminism, and the Asian American movement, among others, appear historically and ideologically separate, and even antagonistic. In stark contrast, this dissertation illuminates the common ethics of affiliation that aligned these disparate movements and was built from collaborative, immanent and provisional attempts at repairing suffering and disparity. Positioned not within, but alongside the fraught history of the sixties, this project offers a new portrait of the subterranean modes of experimental living that animated the era.American literature, Gender studies, GLBT studiesjmj2123English and Comparative LiteratureDissertationsPresentation: Impacts of Maternal Employment On Gender Attitudes and Work Behavior –- an Analysis From National Longitudinal Survey 1979, 1987 and 2004https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:166706
Jiwatram-Negron, Tina; Sharma, Shilpi; Wang, Julia Shu Huah; Oh, Hans Y.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:22037Tue, 29 Oct 2013 16:29:03 +0000The impact of maternal employment on gender attitude formation and work behavior has been contested over the past few decades. Prior studies are often constrained to small samples of women and cross-sectional data that measure attitudes at one point in time. This study draws from a nationally representative sample taken as a part of a longitudinal survey. We examine the long-term impact of maternal employment on gender attitude formation and work behavior across time. METHODS. This study utilizes data from the National Longitudinal Survey in 1979, 1987 and 2004, when respondents were in their adolescence, twenties and midlife, respectively. The dependent variable is measured using a gender attitude scale measuring respondents’ view of women in the workforce (0-12 scale, Cronbach’s alpha=0.84). Work behavior is measured by hours worked in the past calendar year. The main explanatory variable, maternal employment, is categorized as mothers who worked all year, part of the year or not at all in 1979. We treat data as pooled cross-sections since maternal employment was only captured in 1979. Ordinary least square (OLS) regression models are employed, controlling for major demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of respondents and parents. We interact year, gender, and type of maternal employment to delineate the cohort and gender trend across time. RESULTS. Maternal employment is associated with a more liberal gender attitude towards women in the workforce. This relationship appears to last across the lifespan, from adolescence, to 20s to midlife (p<.01), and this association remains robust after controlling for covariates. Gender attitudes appear to be the most liberal in 1987, followed by 2004, and then 1979. Female respondents consistently demonstrate more liberal gender role attitudes towards women in the workforce than their male counterparts (p<.01). Respondents whose mothers worked all year during 1979 tended to report significantly more work hours in 1987 (20s) and 2004 (midlife) (p<.01), compared to respondents whose mothers did not work at all. However, maternal employment predicts fewer hours worked by respondents in 1979 (when they were 14-18 years old). Overall, respondents worked the most hours in 2004, followed by 1987 and then 1979. Female respondents consistently reported fewer hours worked compared to their male counterparts across the life cycle and across different maternal employment statuses. CONCLUSIONS and IMPLICATIONS. Our study shows that maternal employment exhibits long-term associations with more liberal gender attitudes and more hours worked. Such associations remain statistically significant up through midlife. Nevertheless, though female respondents report more liberal attitudes towards women working, their actual work hours are fewer when compared to men. Our findings contribute to the on-going discussion of maternal employment and gender role attitude formation and work behavior, to inform the discussion regarding employment incentives for mothers and family leave policies.Social structure, Social work, Gender studiestj2261, ss4069, jw2674, hyo2000Social WorkPresentationsOrientation vs. Behavior: Gender Differences in Field of Study Choice Sethttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:166692
Alon, Sigal; DiPrete, Thomas A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:22035Tue, 29 Oct 2013 15:22:32 +0000Women now surpass men in overall rates of college graduation in many industrialized countries, but sex segregation in fields of study persists, even within STEM majors. In a world where gender norms have changed but gender stereotypes remain strong, we argue that attitudes and orientation towards behaviors are less constrained by gendered institutions than are the behaviors themselves. Accordingly, sex segregation in the broader choice set of majors considered by student applicants may be lower than the sex segregation in their first preference field of study selection (first choice). Over time, this may lead to diminishing sex segregation in higher education and the labor market. With unique data on the broader set of fields considered by STEM-bound applicants to elite Israeli universities, we find support for this theory. Moreover, the factors that drive the gender gap in the first choice, in particular labor market earnings, risk aversion and the sex composition of fields! , are weaker in the broad set of choices than in the first choice. The result is less segregation in considered majors than in the first choice. We consider the theoretical implications of these results.Sociology, Gender studiestad61SociologyWorking papersFissured Languages of Empire: Gender, Ethnicity, and Literature in Japan and Korea, 1930s-1950shttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:165168
Yi, Christina Song Mehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:21622Fri, 13 Sep 2013 15:41:15 +0000This dissertation investigates how Japanese-language literature by Korean writers both emerged out of and stood in opposition to discourses of national language, literature, and identity. The project is twofold in nature. First, I examine the rise of Japanese-language literature by Korean colonial subjects in the late 1930s and early 1940s, reassessing the sociopolitical factors involved in the production and consumption of these texts. Second, I trace how postwar reconstructions of ethnic nationality gave rise to the specific genre of zainichi (lit. "residing in Japan") literature. By situating these two valences together, I attempt to highlight the continuities among the established fields of colonial-period literature, modern Japanese literature, and modern Korean literature. Included in my analyses is a consideration of literature written by Japanese writers in Korea, transnational media and publishing culture in East Asia, the gender politics of national language, and the ways in which kominka (imperialization) policies were neither limited to the colonized alone nor completely erased after 1945.
Rather than view the boundaries between "Japanese" and "Korean" literature as fixed or self-evident, this study examines the historical construction of these categories as generative discourses embedded in specific social, material, and political conditions. I do this through close analytical readings of a wide variety of primary texts written in Japanese by both Korean and Japanese writers, while contextualizing these readings in relation to the materiality of the literary journal. I also include a consideration of the canonization process over time, and the role literary criticism has played in actively shaping national canons.
Chapter 1 centers around the 1940s "Korean boom," a term that refers to the marked rise in Japanese-language works published in the metropole on Korea and its culture, written by Japanese and Korean authors alike. Through broad intertextual analyses of major Japanese literary journals and influential texts by Korean writers produced during the "Korean boom," I examine the role played by the Japanese publishing industry in promoting the inclusion of Koreans in the empire while simultaneously excluding them from the privileged space of the nation. I also deconstruct the myth of a single "Korean" people, and consider how an individual's position within the uneven playing field of colonialism may shift according to gender and class.Chapter 2 deals with the ideologies of kokugo (national language; here, Japanese) and kokumin bungaku (national literature) during the latter years of Japan's imperial rule. The major texts I introduce in this chapter include Obi Juzo's "Tohan" (Ascent, 1944), first printed in the Japanese-language journal Kokumin bungaku based in Keijo (present-day Seoul); a comparison of the kominka essays written by Yi Kwangsu in Korean and Japanese; and the short story "Aikoku kodomo tai" (Patriotic Children's Squad, 1941), written by a Korean schoolgirl named Yi Chongnae. Through these texts, I show how kokumin bungaku depended upon the inclusion of colonial writers but simultaneously denied them an autonomy outside the strictures of the Japanese language, or kokugo. In Chapter 3, I move to Occupation-period Japan and the writings of Kim Talsu, Miyamoto Yuriko, and Nakano Shigeharu. While Koreans celebrated Japan's defeat as a day of independence from colonial rule, the political status of Koreans in Korea and in Japan remained far from independent under Allied policy. I outline the complicated factors that led to the creation of a stateless Korean diaspora in Japan and highlight the responses of Korean and Japanese writers who saw these political conditions as a sign of an imperialist system still insidiously intact. In looking at Kim Talsu's fiction in particular, I am able to examine both the continuities and discontinuities in definitions of national language, literature, and ethnicity that occurred across 1945 and map out the evolving position of Koreans in Japan.
Chapter 4 compares the collaboration debates that occurred in post-1945 Korea with the arguments over war responsibility that occurred in Japan in the same period, focusing on the writings of Chang Hyokchu and Tanaka Hidemitsu. Although the works of both individuals have been neglected in contemporary literary scholarship, I argue that their postwar writings reveal how Korean collaboration (ch'inilp'a) and Japanese war responsibility (senso sekinin) emerged as mutually constitutive discourses that embodied - rather than healed - the traumas of colonialism and empire. Finally, in the epilogue of this dissertation, I introduce the writings of the self-identified zainichi author Yi Yangji in order to consider how all of the historical developments outlined in the previous chapters still exist as lived realities for many zainichi Koreans even today.Asian literature, Asian studies, Gender studiescsy2103East Asian Languages and CulturesDissertationsThe Roots of Feminist Invocations in Post-Revolutionary Iranhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:188729
Ansary, Ninahttp://dx.doi.org/10.7916/D8XS5TQKFri, 05 Jul 2013 15:21:09 +0000Studies of the transformation of Iranian society after the Islamic Revolution of 1979 and its impact on the position of the Iranian woman have revealed that three and a half decades of efforts by the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) to institutionalize an archaic image of the ideal Muslim woman have produced results contrary to what was intended. The expansion of women's education in post-revolutionary Iran identified as an unintended consequence of the revolution has been empowering women against the IRI's misogynistic ideology. A feminist movement based on the evolution of female consciousness and an unprecedented solidarity among previously divided secular and religious women has emerged as another medium of resistance. This study augments the research in this field by examining modifications in the education system following the revolution. A critical content analysis of elementary school textbooks issued by the Pahlavi and the IRI assesses the way in which each regime sought to impart its gender ideology to young girls. The eradication of coeducation and institution of single-sex schooling at the pre- university level is investigated as a factor in combating the constraints imposed by patriarchal laws on the female population. The conclusion is offered that the IRI may have unwittingly undermined its own agenda for women in promulgating such seemingly outdated decrees. Finally, this dissertation examines women's publications of the Pahlavi and IRI periods, emphasizing the pioneering role of one particular feminist publication in presenting a universal feminist ideology.Gender studies, Middle Eastern historyna13HistoryDissertationsRush Limbaugh and the Oral Contraceptive Mandatehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:162108
Eitches, Eliana Raehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:20666Mon, 10 Jun 2013 16:47:35 +0000Why He Injected Himself into the Debate About a Medication He Will Never Have the Good Fortune to Use; A Recusive Model on Ideological FormationPolitical science, Gender studiesere2110EconomicsReportsWomen, Violence, and the "Arab Question" in Early Zionist Literaturehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:161607
Siegel, Andreahttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:20473Thu, 30 May 2013 12:54:50 +0000This dissertation examines the themes of rape and domestic violence in Zionist literature on the "Arab Question" published in Hebrew from the last years of Ottoman rule in Palestine through to the 1929 riots that erupted during the British Mandate. By bringing to light the import of rape and domestic violence in works by authors such as L.A. Arieli, Yehuda Burla, Aharon Reuveni, Yitzhak Shami, and Shoshana Shababo, I demonstrate that Zionist motions of race and gender developed in an intertwined manner as writers imagined the future of Jewish-Arab relations in Palestine. Moreover, while scholarly treatments of gender in the yishuv have thus far largely concentrated on questions of masculinity, I show how reading for masculinity and femininity together reveals Zionism's horror-stricken sexual underbelly; as authors do away with early fantasies of Jewish-Arab interweaving in an increasingly volatile political climate, they translate pogrom-associated fears of bodily violation from Russian and Eastern European settings into the Palestine arena. In novels, short stories, poetry, medical literature, and propaganda pamphlets Zionist intellectuals also urge reform of Jewish family life, sexual partnering, and hygiene education--this, all the while that they mount a case against turning to the Arabs as a viable folk source and partner for the New Jew.Literature, Middle Eastern history, Gender studiesals159Middle Eastern, South Asian, and African StudiesDissertationsEssays on Fertility and Sex Ratios in Indiahttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:160815
Sharma, Anukritihttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:20150Wed, 01 May 2013 17:51:49 +0000In recent decades, several countries have experienced a rapid increase in their sex ratios at birth. This dissertation examines the causes and consequences of these imbalances in the Indian context. Lower desired fertility can translate into more male-biased sex ratios if son preference remains strong, especially with greater availability of prenatal sex-selection technology. Chapter 1 investigates whether financial incentives can simultaneously decrease fertility and the sex ratio at birth. I build a model where the effects of incentives on child-bearing and sex-selection are determined by the degree of son preference and the costs of children and sex-selection, relative to the size of incentives. I test the theoretical predictions in the context of Devirupak, a scheme adopted by the Indian state of Haryana. Devirupak incentivizes parents to have either one child or two daughters. Parents of one girl receive a larger benefit than one-boy or two-girl families, who receive the same amount. I construct a woman-year panel dataset from retrospective birth histories and exploit variation in the state and the timing of implementation and the composition of pre-existing children to estimate the causal effect of this scheme. Devirupak lowers the number of children by 0.9 percent, but mainly through a 1.9 percent decrease in the number of daughters. I find no evidence for an increase in the demand for daughters in response to a decrease in their relative price in the overall sample. However, the proportion of one-boy couples and the sex ratio of first and second births increased significantly. Thus, schemes that induce parents to choose either sons or daughters may lower fertility, but have unintended consequences for sex ratios, despite larger incentives for girls, if a minimum number of sons is desired. Chapter 2 examines the impact of tariff decline on fertility, the sex ratio at birth, and infant mortality in rural Indian districts. In relative terms, women more exposed to tariff cuts are more likely to give birth and these births are more likely to be female. These results are primarily driven by low-caste, low-wealth, and uneducated women. Moreover, infant mortality decreases for girls (but not boys) born to these low-status mothers. On the other hand, fertility decreases and female infant mortality increases for high-status women. They also exhibit a weak increase in the sex ratio at birth. Differential effect of the tariff reform on the relative economic opportunities of women across socioeconomic groups is the most likely mechanism for these results. Chapter 3 analyzes the effects of sex ratio imbalances on pre-marital investments and marital outcomes in India. Changes in the availability of pre-natal sex-selection technology differentially altered the mating pool of individuals born in different states, cohorts, and endogamous social groups. I show that increases in the male to female sex ratio at birth are associated with a decrease in educational attainment, age at marriage, and labor force participation rates, and an increase in spouse's age for women relative to men. These findings are consistent with an improvement in the position of women in the marriage market due to their relative scarcity.Economics, Gender studies, Demographyas3232Economics, International and Public AffairsDissertationsThe National Rifle Association and the White Male Identityhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:156095
Eitches, Eliana Raehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:18922Mon, 04 Feb 2013 13:40:24 +0000On Friday, July 20, 2012, James Holmes entered a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado armed with a 100-round drum magazine, a Smith and Wesson M and P15 assault rifle (the “civilian version of the Military’s M-16) capable of firing 60 bullets per minute, a Remington shotgun, and a .40 caliber handgun. On that day, Holmes used those weapons to shoot 71 people, twelve of whom died. Less than six months later, on December 14, 2012, 20-year old Adam Lanza, immediately after shooting and killing his mother in their home, proceeded to Sandy Hook Elementary School where he shot and killed 26 people - 20 children and 6 adults - before killing himself. After the bodies were carried away, the final body count stood at 28, making it the second most deadly school shooting in United States history. In response to Aurora, many cried for stricter gun control laws while others determined to arm themselves: Colorado saw a 41% increase in background checks for hopeful gun owners in the direct aftermath of the incident, a response “not unusual” after a mass shooting. Media attention was lavished on these two aforementioned mass murders because their spectacular violence and seemingly-random nature incites the curiosity of the nation; synchronously, the attention these events receive is disproportionate compared to the negligible attention received by the 276 people shot daily in the United States, 84 of whom will die as a result of their injuries. Yet, it is these mass violence spectacles that demonstrate why the debate surrounding gun control and gun protection is so fierce: incidences of mass violence either incite fear, causing one to support protection measures via gun ownership or via stricter gun legislation. The driving force behind one side of the “culture war” surrounding arms is the National Rifle Association.American studies, Gender studiesere2110Economics, ReligionReportsGender, Ethnicity, and Physics Education: Understanding How Black Women Build Their Identities as Scientistshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:155693
Rosa, Katemarihttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:18782Wed, 23 Jan 2013 10:57:49 +0000This research focuses on the underrepresentation of minoritized groups in scientific careers. The study is an analysis of the relationships between race, gender, and those with careers in the sciences, focusing on the lived experiences of Black women physicists, as viewed through the lens of women scientists in the United States. Although the research is geographically localized, the base-line question is clear and mirrors in the researcher's own intellectual development: "How do Black women physicists describe their experiences towards the construction of a scientific identity and the pursuit of a career in physics?" Grounded on a critical race theory perspective, the study uses storytelling to analyze how these women build their identities as scientists and how they have negotiate their multiple identities within different communities in society. Findings show that social integration is a key element for Black women physicists to enter study groups, which enables access to important resources for academic success in STEM. The study has implications for physics education and policymakers. The study reveals the role of the different communities that these women are part of, and the importance of public policies targeted to increase the participation of underrepresented groups in science, especially through after-school programs and financial support through higher education.Science education, Gender studies, Black studieskdr2109Science Education, Mathematics, Science, and TechnologyDissertationsWhistling in the Wind: Examining the Effects of Sexual Orientation Relational Demography on Individual Perceptions of Workgroup Process and Withdrawalhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:155514
Golom, Francis D.Tue, 15 Jan 2013 11:28:23 +0000This study examined the relationship between perceived workgroup sexual orientation dissimilarity and participant perceptions of group process and withdrawal. Based on the theory of relational demography within groups (Riordan, 2000) and recent research on moderators of the dissimilarity-outcome relationship (e.g., Stewart and Garcia-Prieto, 2008), the study argued that: (1) perceived sexual orientation dissimilarity would be associated with negative group process effects and increased withdrawal for all study participants, (2) that the relationship between perceived sexual orientation dissimilarity and outcomes would be stronger for heterosexual individuals than for those who identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual (LBG), and (3) that participants' level of sexual orientation identity development would moderate their responses to increased sexual orientation dissimilarity in their workgroups. Three hundred and ninety-eight graduate students at Columbia University were asked to respond to an online questionnaire designed to assess their perceptions of workgroup dissimilarity, communication, conflict and peer relations as well as their individual levels of withdrawal. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that perceived dissimilarity was positively related to increased relationship conflict, task conflict and withdrawal and negatively related to peer relations among all study participants. Additionally, the effects of perceived dissimilarity on task conflict and withdrawal were moderated by participant sexual orientation and participant sexual orientation identity development, consistent with study hypotheses. Slightly different patterns of findings emerged when the results were examined for LGB and heterosexual individuals separately. Though not hypothesized, values dissimilarity was found to mediate the relationship between perceived sexual orientation dissimilarity and several of the group process outcomes, particularly for heterosexual individuals. The contributions and implications of these findings for relational demography and sexual orientation workplace research are also discussed.Psychology, Management, Gender studiesfdg2102Psychology, Social-Organizational PsychologyDissertationsReading between the Lines: Analyzing the Supreme Court's Views on Gender Discrimination in Employment, 1971-1982https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:153472
Lens, Vicki A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:14962Tue, 16 Oct 2012 15:43:09 +0000Supreme Court decisions can be read on two levels: as prescriptive statements of what legally can or cannot be done and as discourses that define the Court's view of social problems. This article explores this latter role through a content analysis of Court decisions that directly address the struggle for women's equality in the workplace during the 1970s. As it formulated the legal rules applicable to gender discrimination, the Court also gave social and political meaning to the concept of equality. Examining this process of problem definition in the judicial arena provides a different perspective for viewing Supreme Court decisions.Law, Gender studiesvl2012Social WorkArticlesImmigration and Sexual Citizenship: Gender, Sexuality and Ethnicity in Contemporary Francehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:153229
Mack, Mehammed Amadeushttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:14885Thu, 11 Oct 2012 13:50:06 +0000This dissertation considers discourses bearing on the social dynamics of immigration and postcolonial diversity in contemporary France in light of their interconnections with issues of sexuality and assimilation. Synthesizing and building on recent work by anthropologists, sociologists and cultural theorists it explores the current debate over French identity--a debate that has to a considerable extent revolved around the impact of recent postwar immigration to France and the "integration" of immigrants on the cultural level, and of which a recent symptom has been the Sarkozy government's launch of a public national debate about "l'identité nationale" (national identity). Overall, my project focuses on the intermingling of the cultural and the political in cultural representations of immigrants and their descendants. Specifically, I consider the highly charged terrain of the representation of sexuality. In the discourse on laïcité (secularism) and integration, gender norms and tolerance of homosexuality have emerged as key components and are now often employed to highlight immigrants' "un-French" attitudes. I argue that, as French and immigrant identities have been called into question, sexuality has constituted a favored prism through which to establish the existence of difference. Through the study of cultural representations of immigration, I will explain how the potential of immigrants and their descendants to assimilate is often judged according to the "fitness" of their attitudes about sexuality. I will further argue that the successful assimilation of immigrants often follows a "required" phase of sexualization, in which the sexuality of the immigrant becomes his or her main marker, the primary factor through which the immigrant is intelligible, beyond other possibly relevant criteria.Comparative literature, Gender studies, Ethnic studiesmam2225French and Romance PhilologyDissertationsAsian Americans and Women/Gender Relationshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:153185
Smith, Raymond Arthur; Ball, Taylor Lorrainehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:14863Tue, 09 Oct 2012 16:14:44 +0000This issue brief explores gender relations within the Asian American community, extrapolating how gender issues and the culture dichotomy experienced by Asian American women translate to their political attitudes and behavior.Asian American studies, Gender studies, Women's studiesras33, tlb2131Political ScienceReportsBi/Multiracial Identity and Women's and Gender Issues in the U.S.https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:153128
Smith, Raymond Arthur; Gilbert, Samantha Ashleyhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:14842Tue, 09 Oct 2012 14:19:29 +0000This issue brief will focus on an analysis of bi/multiracial Americans' views on various women's and gender issues, especially the intersection of racism and sexism, feminism, and reproductive rights.American studies, Gender studies, Women's studiesras33, sag2193Political ScienceReportsDivided We Stand: A Woman's Word about the Iranian-American Experiencehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:152161
Riedel, Dagmar A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:14564Wed, 29 Aug 2012 14:52:11 +0000Review of Jumping over Fire, by Nahid Rachlin.Islamic culture, Middle Eastern literature, Gender studiesdar2111Center for Iranian StudiesReviewsÉvaluation des besoins et des couts dans le domaine de l'éducation pour la ville de Ségou, Malihttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:148664
Sidibé, Abdoulayehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:13694Thu, 28 Jun 2012 11:18:19 +0000Cette évaluation des besoins dans le secteur de l’éducation évalue les progrès accomplis par Ségou, ville Malienne située à environ 235 km au nord-ouest de Bamako, envers le deuxième et troisième Objectif du Millénaire pour le Développement (OMD). Ces OMD ont pour but «de donner d’ici à 2015 à tous les enfants, garçons et filles, partout dans le monde, les moyens d’achever un cycle complet d’études primaires». Récemment, le Gouvernement du Mali a fait d’importants efforts budgétaires en faveur de l’éducation. En 2008, l’ensemble des dépenses (courantes et capitales) sur l’éducation était 3,4 pour cent du PIB. Malgré les efforts du gouvernement Malien ces dernières années, plusieurs problèmes subsistent. Par exemple, le Taux Brut d’Admission (TBA) au premier cycle a chuté de 108,9 pour cent en 2007-08 à 98 pour cent en 2008-09. L’indice de parité des genres et la qualité de l’enseignement, mesurée essentiellement en termes des ratios élèves/enseignant doivent aussi être amélioré. En 2008-09, au niveau élémentaire, l’indice de parité des genres se situait à 0,9, un résultat positif mais à améliorer pour atteindre les OMD. De plus, entre 2007 et 2009, le ratio élèves/maître est passé de 35 élèves pour un enseignant à 49 élèves, au-delà de la norme nationale fixée à 40 élèves par enseignant. En 2009-10, le taux de préscolarisation de la ville est estimé à 17,4 pour cent, bien au-dessus des 7 pour cent prévus par le PISE II (Programme d'investissement sectoriel de l'éducation II) d’ici 2012, mais les efforts doivent être maintenus. Cependant, sur le plan qualitatif, le ratio enfants/salle est resté à 64 enfants pour une salle au lieu des 40 visés. Toutefois, au niveau préscolaire, les données sur les élèves et les enseignants sont très parcellaires, donc il faut améliorer la collecte et le traitement des données statistiques. Au deuxième cycle de l’enseignement fondamental, le pourcentage de redoublants est très élevé, et a connu une légère augmentation, passant de 17,9 pour cent en 2006-07 à 18,5 pour cent en 2008-09. Le taux de redoublement pour les filles est constamment supérieur à celui des garçons) Au niveau secondaire, les écoles et les enseignants doivent tenir compte que les besoins du monde moderne demandent plus de compétences technologiques et scientifiques, Il faut aussi améliorer la qualité et de l’efficacité du système, Ceci peut être achever par la recrutement des enseignants, la promotion de la formation continue dans le système et la diminution des taux de redoublements et d’abandons. Les résultats du modèle indiquent que pour atteindre les OMD et améliorer la qualité de l’enseignement dans la ville de Ségou, les autorités doivent entre autres construire et équiper des salles de classes et autres infrastructures scolaires, mettre à la disposition des élèves du matériel didactique et recruter des enseignants. Le coût annuel moyen pour la réalisation des OMD dans le secteur éducation sur la période 2011 à 2015 est de $23 par habitant. Cette évaluation des besoins comprend quatre sections. La première section présente la ville de Ségou et son contexte ainsi que les objectifs, la méthodologie, les limites et les données démographiques propres au rapport. La deuxième section consiste en une analyse des données sur l’éducation, tandis que la troisième section suggère des interventions et présente leurs coûts. La quatrième section rend compte des résultats de l’évaluation, des coûts et recommandations.African studies, Area planning and development, Gender studiesMillennium Cities InitiativeWorking papersQueer Things: Victorian Objects and the Fashioning of Homosexualityhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:146631
Joseph, Abigail Katherinehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:13137Fri, 04 May 2012 14:25:50 +0000"Queer Things" takes the connections between homosexuality and materiality, and those between literary texts and cultural objects, as major repositories of queer history. It scrutinizes the objects that circulate within the works of Oscar Wilde as well as in the output of high fashion designers and the critics and consumers who engaged with them, in order to ask how gay identities and affiliations are formed and expressed through things. Bringing recent critical interest in the subtleties of nineteenth-century "thing culture" into contact with queer theory, I argue that the crowded Victorian object-world was a crucial location not only for the formation of social attitudes about homosexuality, but also for the cultivation of homosexuality's distinctive aesthetics and affective styles. In attending to the queer pleasures activated by material attachments that have otherwise been deployed or disavowed as stereotypes, my project reconsiders some of the most celebrated works of the gay canon, and inserts into it some compelling new ones. Furthermore, in illuminating the Victorian origins of modern gay style and the incipiently modern gayness of Victorian style, it adds nuance and new substance to our understanding of the elaborate material landscapes inhabited by Victorian bodies and represented in Victorian texts. The first part of the dissertation uses extensive archival research to excavate a history of queer men's involvement in women's fashion in the mid-nineteenth century. In the first chapter, juxtaposing accounts of the famous Boulton and Park drag scandal with a simultaneously emerging genre of overwrought fashion criticism, I argue that an (over)investment in fashionable objects and a detailed knowledge of fashionability became important sites for the develop of gay-effeminate social styles. The second chapter positions Charles Worth, founder of the modern system of haute couture, as the progenitor of a queer species of cross-gendered, non-heterosexual relations between male high-fashion designers and female clients. Though they are not based on same-sex eroticism, I argue that these relations deserve consideration as queer. The second part of the dissertation considers the representational functions of objects in several works across the career of Oscar Wilde. The third chapter presents a reading of De Profundis, Wilde's infamously hard-to-read prison letter, which focuses on how the text interweaves anxieties about the transmission of material objects into its complex affective structure. The fourth chapter considers the effects of the risky but irresistible attractions of that letter's addressee, the widely-loathed Bosie Douglas, on Wilde's aesthetic practice. Juxtaposing Bosie's charms with those of Algernon Moncrieff in The Importance of Being Earnest, and then moving to the little-read letters which document the final post-prison years of Wilde's life, I suggest that the frustrating states of intemperance and indolence become sites, for Wilde, of erotic excitement, artistic innovation, and political resistance.Literature, GLBT studies, Gender studies2104English and Comparative LiteratureDissertationsReproductive Politics, Religion and State Governance in the Philippineshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:174218
Natividad, Maria Dulce Ferrerhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:13126Thu, 03 May 2012 15:15:37 +0000Reproductive controversies are never only about reproduction and health. They serve as proxies for more fundamental questions about citizenship, the state, national identity, class and gender. In a post-colonial context such as the Philippines, where a particular historical relationship between the Church and the state has developed, policymaking on reproduction, sexuality and health answers to both development goals and religious norms. At the same time, women's everyday frameworks of (reproductive) meanings are also inextricably bound with state policies and popular culture. My ethnographic study examines the relationship between state governance, religion, reproductive politics, and competing understandings of embodied sexual morality. My study argues that at the heart of the complex politics involved in policymaking on reproductive health in the Philippines is the entanglement of national and religious identities. Reproductive policy then operates as a frame through which the politics of the nation, religion and the state get filtered and played out. Taking the Philippines as a case study, I focus on women's `lived religion' and practices; the local, national and international institutions and actors that exert influence on reproductive policy and popular sentiment; and how these shape women's reproductive practices in the context of everyday life. Through the women's narratives, I show how class, gender and religion work in tension with one another. Lastly, the study also investigates how the historical entanglement between religion and the state configures practices of governance, such as policymaking, in postcolonial contexts.Cultural anthropology, Public policy, Gender studiesmfn2004Sociomedical SciencesDissertationsEssays on Gender Differences in Educational and Labor Market Outcomeshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:146320
Steingrimsdottir, Herdishttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:13048Thu, 19 Apr 2012 15:01:03 +0000With women's increased education and labor market participation in the last few decades the labor market has changed considerably. At the same time the interaction between household activities and work have been constantly evolving, affecting household dynamics and family outcomes, such as fertility, marriage and divorce. The first chapter explores the effect of unrestricted access to the birth control pill on young people's career plans, using annual surveys of college freshmen from 1968 to 1980. In particular it addresses the question of who was affected by the introduction of the birth control pill by looking at career plans of both men and women, and by separating the effect by level of academic ability and race. The results show that unrestricted access to the pill caused high ability women to move towards occupations with higher wages, higher occupational prestige scores and higher male ratios. The estimated effects for women with low grades and from low selectivity colleges are in the opposite direction. Men were also affected by unrestricted access to the pill, as their aspirations shifted towards traditionally male dominated occupations, across all ability groups. The biggest effect of unrestricted access to the pill is found to be on non-white students, both among men and women. The paper uses Census Data to compare the changes in career plans to actual changes in labor market outcomes. When looking at the actual career outcomes, early access to the pill affects both men and women -- shifting their careers towards traditionally male dominated occupations associated with higher wages. Early access to the pill is also associated with significantly higher actual income for men. In the second chapter I look at the relationship between increased access to reliable fertility controls and men's disappearance from teaching. As the pill has been found to have a substantial effect on women's family responsibilities, career investments and labor market outcomes, men's bargaining position in the marriage market is likely to have changed considerably. Teaching stands out among the career choices of male college freshmen in terms of average income and prestige. The effect of the shift in bargaining power on men's career choices is hence likely to be prominent in the teaching sector. Between 1968 and 1980, the ratio of male college freshmen planning to become a teacher fell from 12.4% to 2.4% and the share of males among those who aspired to teach dropped from 30.6% to 19.7%. Using nationally representative data on the career plans of college freshmen I find that unrestricted access to the birth control pill bears a negative relation to the likelihood that men plan to teach, while changes in the strength of teacher unions and relative wages of teachers have limited effect on their career plans. Men's aspirations shift away from teaching towards occupations that are associated with higher average income like accounting and computer programming. The results are supported by equivalent findings looking at actual career outcomes in the Census Data. The third chapter focuses on the role of discrimination and the possibility that education as a tool to reveal ability is more important among women than men. As social networks tend to run along gender lines and managers in the labor market are predominantly male, it may be more difficult for women to signal their ability without college credentials. Moreover, women may use education to signal their labor market attachment. A game theoretical model of racial discrimination and educational sorting, introduced by Lang and Manove (2011) is applied to examine the gender gap in schooling attainment. As the gender gap differs between demography groups, being more prominent for blacks and Hispanics, the model is estimated separately for each race or ethnicity group. Using data from the NLSY79, the results in the paper are consistent with a model where education is more valuable to women, due to signaling. As predicted by the model, education as a function of ability (measured with AFQT scores) is more concave for women than for men. For over 88 % of the whites in the sample women choose higher level of education given their ability, than do men. On the other hand, the model fits the data better for whites than for blacks and Hispanics, and therefore fails to explain the observed differences across race and ethnicity groups.Economics, Gender studies, Economic historyhs2198EconomicsDissertationsSchool Context and the Gender Gap in Educational Achievementhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:147517
Legewie, Joscha Phillipp H.; DiPrete, Thomas A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:11809Wed, 16 Nov 2011 10:17:27 +0000Today, boys generally underperform relative to girls in schools throughout the industrialized world. Building on theories about gender identity and reports from prior ethnographic classroom observations, we argue that school environment channels conceptions of masculinity in peer culture, fostering or inhibiting boys' development of anti-school attitudes and behavior. Girls' peer groups, by contrast, vary less strongly with the social environment in the extent to which school engagement is stigmatized as un-feminine. As a consequence, boys are more sensitive than girls to school resources that create a learning-oriented environment. To evaluate this argument, we use a quasi-experimental research design and estimate the gender difference in the causal effect of peer socioeconomic status (SES) as an important school resource on test scores. Our design is based on the assumption that assignment to 5th-grade classrooms within Berlin's schools is as good as random, and we evaluate this selection process with an examination of Berlin's school regulations, a simulation analysis, and qualitative interviews with school principals. Estimates of the effect of SES composition on male and female performance strongly support our central hypothesis, and other analyses support our proposed mechanism as the likely explanation for gender differences in the causal effect.Education, Gender studiesjpl2136, tad61SociologyArticlesVoices from the Killing Jarhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:142946
Soper, Katharine P.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:11533Fri, 21 Oct 2011 17:11:39 +0000This dissertation consists of the musical score for my work for voice and ensemble, "Voices from the Killing Jar," and an accompanying paper. "Voices from the Killing Jar" was written for the Wet Ink Ensemble in 2010-2011, and takes as its subject seven female characters from literature, history, and myth. In the paper, a musical analysis of each of the work's seven movements is accompanied by brief literary analyses of the characters and their sources. This is followed by relevant details of my history as a performer, composer, and Wet Ink Ensemble co- director, and a discussion of the unique instrumentation and performance practice encapsulated in this piece as a result of my close work with Wet Ink over the last several years. The paper concludes with an examination of my dual role as a composer and performer in this piece and in my work in general, and with a brief discussion of social and gender-theoretical issues that inform my work as a female composer.Music, Literature, Gender studieskps2104MusicDissertationsHigh School Environments, STEM Orientations, and the Gender Gap in Science and Engineering Degreeshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:139666
Legewie, Joscha; DiPrete, Thomas A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:11380Wed, 05 Oct 2011 14:44:45 +0000This study examines two important and related dimensions of the persisting gender gap in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) bachelor degrees: First, the life-course timing of a stable gender gap in STEM orientation, and second, variations in the gender gap across high schools. We build on existing psychological and sociological gender theories to develop a theoretical argument about the development of STEM orientations during adolescence and the potential influence of the local high school environment on the formation of STEM orientations by females and males. Using the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS), we then decompose the gender gap in STEM bachelor degrees and show that the solidification of the gender gap in STEM orientations is largely a process that occurs during the high school years. Far from being a fixed attribute of adolescent development, however, we find that the size of the gender gap in STEM orientation is quite sensitive to local high school influences; going to school at a high school that is supportive of a positive orientation by females towards math and science can reduce the gender gap in STEM bachelor degrees by 25% or more.Education, Gender studiesjpl2136, tad61SociologyArticlesTrends in Gender Segregation in the Choice of Science and Engineering Majorshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:139594
Mann, Allison Leigh; DiPrete, Thomas A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:11347Tue, 04 Oct 2011 09:55:20 +0000Numerous theories have been put forward for the high and continuing levels of gender segregation, but research has not systematically examined the extent to which these theories for the gender gap are consistent with actual trends. Using both administrative data and three education panel datasets, we evaluate several prominent explanations for the persisting gender gap in STEM fields, and find that none of them are empirically satisfactory. Instead, the persisting gender gap in STEM fields is plausibly attributable to a females' greater preference relative to males for elite occupational careers that are less "vocationally oriented" in the undergraduate years and that permit greater flexibility in undergraduate. This hypothesis is supported by an analysis of gendered pathways to medical and law school.Gender studies, Higher educationalm2174, tad61SociologyArticlesSchool Context and the Gender Gap in Educational Achievementhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:139535
Legewie, Joscha; DiPrete, Thomas A.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:11334Mon, 03 Oct 2011 11:04:30 +0000Today, boys generally under-perform relative to girls in schools throughout the industrialized world. Building on theories about gender identity and reports from prior ethnographic classroom observations, we argue that the school environment channels the conception of masculinity in the peer culture, and thereby either fosters or inhibits the development of anti-school attitudes and behavior among boys. Girls' peer groups, in contrast, do not vary as strongly with the social environment in the extent to which school engagement is stigmatized as "un-feminine." As a consequence, boys are more sensitive to school resources that create a learning oriented environment than are girls. Our analyses use a quasi-experimental research design to estimate the gender difference in the causal effect on test scores, and focus on peer SES as an important school resource. We argue that assignment to 5th grade classrooms within Berlin schools is practically random, and we evaluate this selection process by an examination of Berlin's school regulations, by simulation analysis, and by qualitative interviews with school principles. Estimates of the effect of SES composition on male and female performance strongly support our central hypothesis, and other analyses support our proposed mechanism as the likely explanation of the gender differences in the causal effect.Education, Gender studiesjpl2136, tad61SociologyArticlesPublic Opinion and Women/Gender Issueshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:139245
Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:11281Wed, 28 Sep 2011 11:05:49 +0000What women do to disenfranchise themselves and other women in the interest of self-promotion in their own workplace.Women's studies, Gender studiesras33Political ScienceReportsIssue Brief: Immigration and Gender Issueshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:137803
Guo, Joy; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:11004Mon, 29 Aug 2011 10:46:10 +0000This brief examines the intersections between immigration and gender issues, and explores the implications for such issues as class-based distinctions, sexual trafficking, mail order brides, and child-rearing. It also discusses demographics and potential capacity for mobilization for immigrant women.Gender studiesjg2753, ras33Political ScienceReportsWomen/Gender Issues, Protest Politicshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:137576
Feliciano, Robert; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10969Tue, 23 Aug 2011 12:13:55 +0000This issue will focus on the various social movements and political protests women have created and supported in order to eradicate the alarming amount of social, economic, and political inequalities they have endured since the inception of this nation. It will examine the political and social impact of Feminism and how it has become a useful agent in promoting gender equality. Finally, this brief will concentrate on contemporary Women/Gender inequalities such as gender discrimination in the workforce and how women are retaliating to these types of inequalities.Women's studies, Gender studies, Political sciencercf2117, ras33Political ScienceReportsIssue Brief: Women/Gender Issues and Party Affiliationhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:137536
Eitches, Eliana Rae; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10957Mon, 22 Aug 2011 11:45:29 +0000This issue brief delves the party affiliation tendencies of certain groups of women and the roles of women within their respective parties. It will also discuss the influence of the " gender gap" on political affiliation.Women's studies, Gender studies, Political scienceere2110, ras33Political ScienceReportsWomen and Gender Issues Specific to Them Where Welfare Is Concernedhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:137507
Gomez, Xavier; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10949Mon, 22 Aug 2011 10:33:39 +0000Welfare seems to be more closely interwoven with the female gender. This is due in part to the wage gap between men and women, as well as dated yet rampant expectations of a woman's role within the family pertaining to welfare, should it ever be needed.Women's studies, Gender studiesxg2153, ras33Political ScienceReportsIssue Brief: Women/Gender Issues and Bi/Multiracial Identityhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:137311
Miyares, Nicholas; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10904Mon, 15 Aug 2011 13:54:47 +0000Women are often considered to share a similar experience in their struggle against institutionalized and de facto sexism. However, it is often overlooked that "women", just as much as men, form an enormously diverse bloc of society—and that fraught with such racial and ethnic diversity, comes equally diverse experiences. Within this context, when analyzing women/gender issues in the United States it is paramount that one take into account the multiple layers of identity—specifically racial and ethnic—that comprise a woman and the formulation of her political and social views. Furthermore, it is equally important to analyze the experiences of women of various ethnic and racial identities—especially considering the rise in multi-racial individuals in the United States and the complications fraught with classifying them in broad categories.Women's studies, Gender studiesnlm2123, ras33Political ScienceReportsRighting the Balance: Gender Diversity in the Geoscienceshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:135948
Bell, Robin E.; Kastens, Kim Anne; Cane, Mark A.; Balstad, Roberta G.; Mutter, John Colin; Pfirman, Stephanie L.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10758Wed, 20 Jul 2011 13:01:54 +0000The blatant barriers are down. Women are now routinely chief scientists on major cruises, lead field parties to all continents, and have risen to leadership positions in professional organizations, academic departments, and funding agencies. Nonetheless, barriers remain. Women continue to be under-represented in the Earth, ocean, and atmospheric sciences.Gender studies, Women's studies, Environmental sciencereb4, kak2, mac6, rbm28, jcm7, slp2Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Earth and Environmental Sciences (Barnard College), Earth and Environmental Sciences, Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Earth Institute, International and Public Affairs, Environmental Science (Barnard College)ArticlesGender Needs Assessment for Kisumu City, Kenyahttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:135329
Maoulidi, Moumie; Salim, Ahmedhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10643Wed, 06 Jul 2011 14:23:21 +0000The women and girls of Kisumu face an array of challenges that hinder their rights to gender equality and empowerment. For instance, girls have limited access to postprimary education and do not participate in formal employment, mainly because they do not have the necessary education and experience. Approximately 57 percent of the unemployed are female. Women also have a much higher HIV prevalence rate than men (13.8 percent and 8.4 percent respectively). Adolescent girls are particularly at risk of being withdrawn from school to care for HIV-positive family members. Women in the city also experience gender-based violence and are victims of harmful traditional practices such as polygamy, wife inheritance and coerced adolescent marriages.African studies, Area planning and development, Gender studiesmm973, as3503Earth Institute, Millennium Cities InitiativeWorking papersGender Difference Variables Predicting Expertise in Lecture Note-takinghttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:131971
Reddington, Lindsayhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10317Tue, 10 May 2011 20:13:43 +0000Lecture note-taking is an important study strategy used by a majority of college students to record important information presented in class. Research suggests that there may be gender differences in note-taking and test taking. However, previous research on lecture note-taking has only examined gender differences, or used gender as an anecdotal variable, in post-hoc analyses. This is the first dissertation to investigate gender differences in lecture note-taking directly. More specifically, the primary purpose of this dissertation was to determine if gender differences in lecture note-taking exist, and if they do, to examine the cognitive and motivational variables that might explain them. A second purpose was to determine if there might be gender related differences in test performance. This research is an extension of research on lecture note-taking expertise (Peverly, Ramaswamy, Brown, Sumowski, Alidoost, & Garner, 2007), in which a reanalysis of their data found that females wrote faster than males, had higher quality notes, higher semantic retrieval scores, and performed better on written recall of the lecture (Reddington et al., 2006). A sample of 139 undergraduate students took notes from a prerecorded lecture, and were later allowed to review their notes before taking a test of written recall. The independent variables included transcription fluency, working memory, verbal ability, conscientiousness, and goal orientation. The dependent variables were note quality and written recall. All procedures were group administered. Results indicated that females recorded more information in notes and recall than males. Females also performed significantly better on measures of transcription fluency, working memory, verbal ability, and conscientiousness. Note quality was significantly predicted by verbal ability, gender, and the gender x verbal ability interaction, while written recall was significantly predicted by transcription fluency, mastery goal orientation, and the gender x conscientiousness interaction. Future research should continue to focus on examining potential gender differences associated with note-taking and test performance.Gender studies, Educational psychology, Psychologylar2110School Psychology, Health and Behavior StudiesDissertationsData on women in political parties in (13) Arab and (7) non-Arab Muslim-majority countries and (5) European countries with Christian democratic parties plus Israelhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:130405
Kassem, Fatima Sbaityhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:10040Mon, 28 Mar 2011 14:15:44 +0000Political science, Gender studiesfsk1Political ScienceDatasetsIncumbents' interests and gender quotashttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:99657
Fréchette, Guillaume R.; Maniquet, François; Morelli, Massimohttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:15440Mon, 28 Mar 2011 11:04:33 +0000The adoption of mandatory gender quotas in party lists has been a subject of discussion in many countries. Since any reform obviously requires the approval of a (sometimes qualified) majority of incumbent legislators' votes, keeping an eye on incumbents' interests and incentives in different systems seems a natural thing to do if we want to understand different prospects for reforms in different countries. Such differences in the cost-benefit analysis of incumbents may well depend on the electoral system. We argue that if male candidates have a higher probability of being elected when running against a female candidate than when running against a male of similar characteristics (male advantage), then single member district majority rule and closed list proportional representation are opposite extremes in terms of incentives for incumbents to pass parity laws. We validate the above argument using a formal model of constitutional design as well as an empirical analysis of the legislative elections in France, since France offers a natural experiment for both electoral systems. Given the male advantage, increasing the number of female new candidates made the incumbents' probability of reelection higher and thus male incumbent members of the Assembly have actually benefited from the parity law. We also show that parity may have Assembly composition effects and policy effects that vary with the electoral system.Political science, Gender studiesmm3331Political Science, EconomicsWorking papersHome production, market production and the gender wage gap: Incentives and expectationshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:114657
Albanesi, Stefania; Olivetti, Claudiahttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:438Mon, 28 Mar 2011 10:02:35 +0000The purpose of this paper is to study the joint determination of gender differentials in labor market outcomes and in the household division of labor. Specifically, we explore the hypothesis that incentive problems in the labor market amplify differences in earnings due to gender differentials in home hours. In turn, earnings differentials reinforce the division of labor within the household, leading to a potentially self-fulfilling feedback mechanism. The workings of the labor market are key in our story. The main assumptions are that the utility cost of work effort is increasing in home hours, and that higher effort should correspond to higher incentive pay. Household decisions are Pareto efficient, leading to a negative correlation between relative home hours and earnings across spouses. We use the Census and the PSID to study these predictions and find that they are supported by the data.Economics, Labor, Gender studiessa2310EconomicsWorking papersGenealogies of feminism : leftist feminist subjectivity in the wake of the Islamic revival in contemporary Moroccohttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:130266
Guessous, Nadiahttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9999Tue, 22 Mar 2011 16:46:44 +0000This dissertation is an ethnographic and genealogical study of leftist feminist subjectivity in the wake of the Islamic Revival in contemporary Morocco. It draws on two years (2004-2006) of field research amongst founding members of the Moroccan feminist movement whose activism emerged out of their immersion in and subsequent disenchantment with leftist and Marxist politics in the early 1980s. Based on ethnographic observations and detailed life histories, it explores how Moroccan feminists of this generation came to be constituted as particular kinds of modern leftist subjects who: 1) discursively construct "tradition" as a problem, even while positively invoking it and drawing on its internal resources; 2) posit themselves as "guardians of modernity" despite struggling with modernity's constitutive contradictions; and 3) are unable to parochialize their own normative assumptions about progress, modernity, freedom, the body, and religion in their encounter with a new generation of women who wear the hijab. How and why a strong commitment to ideas associated with modernity, with women's rights and with the left is seen as necessitating a condemnation and disavowal of "traditional" and of non-secular ways of being is one of the main themes animating this project. If I pay particular attention to the affective, visceral and embodied nature of these repudiations, it is to argue that modern political subjectivity operates not simply at the level of ideas but at a more complex register that is made manifest by the difficulties entailed in inter-subjective and inter-generational engagements. At the same time I draw inspiration from the work of feminist scholars and political theorists to argue for a more generous and unthreatened relationship to difference — one that is able to reconcile itself both with the past (tradition) and with the future (new generations). By analyzing the conundrums and aporias of contemporary Moroccan leftist feminist politics, this dissertation seeks to participate in thinking about modernity and feminism in non-teleological ways, and to contribute to an anthropology of modern power and of leftist/progressive political subjectivity.Cultural anthropology, Middle Eastern studies, Gender studiesng283AnthropologyDissertationsGender politics: The political salience of marriagehttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:112873
Edlund, Lena; Pande, Rohinihttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:362Tue, 22 Mar 2011 12:09:44 +0000The last three decades have witnessed the rise of a political gender gap in the United States wherein more women than men favor the Democratic party. We trace this development to the decline in marriage, which we posit has made men richer and women poorer. Data for the United States support this argument. First, there is a strong positive correlation between state divorce prevalence and the political gender gap - higher divorce prevalence reduces support for the Democrats among men but not women. Second, longitudinal data show that following marriage (divorce), women are less (more) likely to support the Democratic party.Economics, Gender studiesle93, rp461EconomicsWorking papersOpposite-Sex Twins and Adolescent Same-Sex Attractionhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:129241
Bearman, Peter Shawn; Bruckner, Hannahhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9723Mon, 23 Aug 2010 12:57:18 +0000The authors consider social, genetic, evolutionary, and hormonal transfer hypotheses for same-sex romantic preferences of adolescent (N=5,552) sibling pairs drawn from a nationally representative sample. They show that male but not female opposite-sex twins disproportionately report same-sex attraction; and that the pattern of concordance of same-sex preference among siblings is inconsistent with a simple genetic influence model. Their results provide substantial support for the role of social influences, reject the hormone transfer model, reject a speculative evolutionary theory, and are consistent with a general model that allows for genetic expression of same-sex attraction under specific, highly circumscribed, social conditions.Developmental psychology, Gender studiespsb17Sociology, Institute for Social and Economic Research and PolicyWorking papersThe Influence of Women and Racial Minorities Under Panel Decision Making on the U.S. Court of Appealshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:129208
Farhang, Sean; Wawro, Gregory J.http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9712Mon, 23 Aug 2010 11:44:45 +0000This paper assesses the impact of gender and race on judicial decisions on the federal Court of Appeals, paying particular attention to the institutional nuances of decision-making on three-judge appellate panels within circuits. Its central question is whether and how racial minority and women judges influence legal policy on issues thought to be of particular concern to women and minorities. Proper analysis of this question requires investigating whether women and minority judges influence the decisions of other panel members. The authors find that the norm of unanimity on panels grants women influence over outcomes even when they are outnumbered on a panel.Law, Gender studies, Women's studiesgjw10Political Science, Institute for Social and Economic Research and PolicyWorking papersGender Inequalities in Educationhttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:129025
Buchmann, Claudia; DiPrete, Thomas A.; McDaniel, Annehttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:9662Mon, 16 Aug 2010 12:39:27 +0000The terrain of gender inequalities in education has seen much change in recent decades. This chapter reviews the empirical research and theoretical perspectives on gender inequalities in educational performance and attainment from early childhood to young adulthood. Much of the literature on children and adolescents attends to performance differences between girls and boys. Of course achievement in elementary and secondary school is linked to the level of education one ultimately attains including high school completion, enrollment in post secondary education, college completion and graduate and professional school experiences. We recommend three directions for future research: (a) interdisciplinary efforts to understand gender differences in cognitive development and non-cognitive abilities in early childhood, (b) research on the structure and practices of schooling, and (c) analyses of the intersectionality of gender with race, ethnicity, class, and immigrant statuses in creating complex patterns of inequalities in educational experiences and outcomes.Gender studies, Educationtad61Sociology, Institute for Social and Economic Research and PolicyWorking papersGender Needs Assessment for Blantyre City, Malawihttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:125873
Mercer, Timhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:8744Fri, 07 May 2010 11:15:54 +0000The main objectives of this needs assessment are to outline the major obstacles to gender equality and women's empowerment in Blantyre City, and to present interventions with the potential to address to these issues. The costs associated with these interventions are also presented.Gender studies, Sub-Saharan Africa studies, Social structureMillennium Cities InitiativeWorking papersGender Differences in Mate Selection: Evidence from a Speed Dating Experimenthttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:125008
Fisman, Raymond J.; Iyengar, Sheena Sethi; Kamenica, Emir; Simonson, Itamarhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:8506Mon, 22 Feb 2010 21:56:30 +0000We study dating behavior using data from a Speed Dating experiment where we generate random matching of subjects and create random variation in the number of potential partners. Our design allows us to directly observe individual decisions rather than just final matches. Women put greater weight on the intelligence and the race of partner, while men respond more to physical attractiveness. Moreover, men do not value women's intelligence or ambition when it exceeds their own. Also, we find that women exhibit a preference for men who grew up in affluent neighborhoods. Finally, male selectivity is invariant to group size, while female selectivity is strongly increasing in group size.Gender studiesrf250, ss957BusinessArticlesPublic Health: Women and Gender Issueshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:124954
Jung, Paulette; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:8176Mon, 17 Aug 2009 13:20:22 +0000The existing gender gap in public health affects the areas of medical research, employment, and accurate diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions for women. Women face a large disadvantage in such areas, and this problem must be addressed through improved policies and initiatives taken by both government and medical institutions.Public health, Women's studies, Gender studiesras33Political ScienceReportsLatino Women and Gender Issueshttps://academiccommons.columbia.edu/catalog/ac:124948
Brown, Thomas; Smith, Raymond Arthurhttp://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:8174Mon, 17 Aug 2009 12:58:58 +0000The following brief centralizes on the gender issues of Latinos, more specifically the Latina Women. Two of the main issues reside in traditional domestic relations and a variety of National stereotypes.Hispanic American studies, Women's studies, Gender studiesras33Political ScienceReports