Abstract:
our starting point is the ubiquity of children's literature in the pedagogical scenery and the assumption that paratexts (verbal fragments accompanying the main text) which appear in the literature are important guides for its reading, exercising a pedagogical function. we also consider that the contemporary subject (difference) has made inroads into children's literature. in this context, our study aims to analyse how these paratexts teach and seek to influence conducts and attitudes with relation to difference. paratexts from 21 recent titles were analysed and two discourses were explored in them: the multicultural and scientific-informative discourses. we conclude that arguments used to inform, persuade and catch the attention of the reader intertwine the above-mentioned discourses. determined forms of speech of the different subjects are elaborated in the paratexts, in tune with authors' and editors' preoccupation to engage in a certain education for difference.

Abstract:
phenol and o-cresol determination by flow injection analysis (fia) with spectrophotometric detection, employing the 4-aminoantipyrine reaction, is proposed in this work in order to quantify these species in soil extracts. the method was improved by a factorial planning, being verified a higher sampling rate in comparison with the conventional method, and recovery values, limits of detection and quantification similar for both methods. these aspects suggest this method as a feasible alternative for phenolic compound determinations in soil extracts.

Abstract:
this study reports rickettsial infection in amblyomma cajennense and amblyomma dubitatum ticks collected in an area of the state of minas gerais, brazil, where brazilian spotted fever is considered endemic. for this purpose, 400 adults of a. cajenennse and 200 adults of a. dubitatum, plus 2,000 larvae and 2,000 nymphs of amblyomma spp. were collected from horses and from the vegetation. the ticks were tested for rickettsial infection through polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocols targeting portions of three rickettsial genes (glta, ompa, and ompb). only two free-living a. cajennense adult ticks, and four pools of free-living amblyomma spp. nymphs were shown to contain rickettsial dna. pcr products from the two a. cajennense adult ticks were shown to be identical to corresponding sequences of the rickettsia rickettsii strain sheila smith. dna sequences of glta-pcr products of the four nymph pools of amblyomma spp. revealed a new genotype, which was shown to be closest (99.4%) to the corresponding sequence of rickettsia tamurae. our findings of two r. rickettsii-infected a. cajennense ticks corroborate the endemic status of the study area, where human cases of bsf were reported recently. in addition, we report for the first time a new rickettsia genotype in brazil.

Abstract:
A case study was carried out to explore the occurrence of a cancer cluster in 1992 among young indian adults living in an Amazonian village near two 500 kV power transmission lines that began operating a decade ago. Current blood levels of DDT and organophosphorus pesticides and metal levels in hair samples were measured. Extremely low magnetic field exposure was determined during current daily activities carried out by the Indian villagers. Taking into account the cancer incidence rates in different Brazilian cities, the probability of the occurrence of this cluster by chance was considered remote (p< 0.003, Poisson distribution). High blood levels of p,p'-DDT (median levels ranging from 26 to 58 ppb) were observed. As a whole, this community showed a pattern of low exposure to organophosphorus pesticides, and high recent exposure was only observed in a few blood samples. Continuous exposure to extremely low electromagnetic fields originated in the power transmission lines (which reached 95.0 mG under the lines) was observed on several opportunities during daily activities carried out by Indian villagers. Further observational studies should evaluate the interaction between exposure to extremely low electromagnetic fields and prior exposure to tumor initiators in cancer development.

Abstract:
Objective. To adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the SCHFI v 6.2. Methods. With the approval of the original author, we conducted a complete cross-cultural adaptation of the instrument (translation, synthesis, back translation, synthesis of back translation, expert committee review, and pretesting). The adapted version was named Brazilian version of the self-care of heart failure index v 6.2. The psychometric properties assessed were face validity and content validity (by expert committee review), construct validity (convergent validity and confirmatory factor analysis), and reliability. Results. Face validity and content validity were indicative of semantic, idiomatic, experimental, and conceptual equivalence. Convergent validity was demonstrated by a significant though moderate correlation ( ) on comparison with equivalent question scores of the previously validated Brazilian European heart failure self-care behavior scale. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original three-factor model as having the best fit, although similar results were obtained for inadequate fit indices. The reliability of the instrument, as expressed by Cronbach’s alpha, was 0.40, 0.82, and 0.93 for the self-care maintenance, self-care management, and self-care confidence scales, respectively. Conclusion. The SCHFI v 6.2 was successfully adapted for use in Brazil. Nevertheless, further studies should be carried out to improve its psychometric properties. 1. Introduction Over the last few decades, treatment of heart failure (HF) has been optimized substantially through the advent of new therapies that have improved morbidity and mortality outcomes. These therapies, combined with nonpharmacological management strategies, have provided several benefits for patients, particularly in quality of life and rate of hospitalization due to decompensated HF [1, 2]. Within this context, nonpharmacological management, which encompasses a continuous process of patient education and development of self-care skills, has been widely studied and shown to be beneficial in the achievement and maintenance of clinical stability [2]. Among available self-care strategies, the multidisciplinary approach appears to be associated with the greatest benefit over time, improving quality of life, reducing readmission rates, and cutting health care costs [3, 4]. Self-care in HF is defined as a naturalistic decision-making process used to maintain physiologic stability (self-care maintenance) and respond to symptoms when they occur (self-care management) [3]. During

Abstract:
taking scale as an object of analysis (tsing 2000), this article examines how competing scale-making projects emerge in different layers of the cuban tourism economy. i consider how tourists and cubans interact along contested chains of production and distribution of cigars, and therefore become entangled in bundles of ideas, discourses, practices and materialities. these constitute different scaling propositions on which tourists and cubans converge or diverge, and which inform the success of encounters within the tourism economy. highlighted is the importance of understanding how scaling propositions are enacted and negotiated within tourism. i conclude that the realm of tourism is a particularly fruitful platform to investigate how competing scale-making projects and notions of scale are played out in the contemporary world.