Pipe, wire made of magnesium

Equivalent

Magnesium is very lightweight silvery-white metal. It is designated as Mg in periodic system of chemical elements. In standard conditions in air, it cannot be virtually changed. It is protected with thin surface oxide film.

Magnesium deposit occurrence

The richest magnesium deposits are located in Russia, Norway, China, the USA. Magnesite and brucite contain 34−40% of magnesium. Dolomite, Epsom salt, kieserite contain 13−17% of magnesium. Trace amount of magnesium (up to 0.13%) is dissolved in ocean. But if to multiple it by billions tones of water, it follows that ocean is virtually the richest depository o it. Magnesium salts are easily soluble. Magnesite is rushed out on a surface by hot geothermal waters where it precipitates after water cooling. Sedimentation deposit lakes are richened with magnesium salts. Upsetting carnal lite salts are located everywhere and dolomite patches are located all-around hot springs. Major magnesium deposits are formed in Permit or Pre-Cambrian period by settling method (magnesium stock are tremendous).

Manufacture

Industrial magnesium is obtained by electrolysis and melting the mixtures of sodium chlorine salts, magnesium and potassium salts. In order to get rid of residual elements, there is required additional decontamination by electrolytic purification, remelting along with special fusible materials in vacuum. There is often used vacuum sublimation. Purity of purified magnesium constitutes not less than 99.999%. One more method is thermal. It is based on recovering of MgO at a high temperature with a help of coke or silicon. Silicon significantly simplifies separation of magnesium from dolomite. Cost of magnesium ingots currently amounts to 3 dollars per 1 kilogram.

Biological role

Magnesium is very important micro-element of metabolic process regulation. As is was turned out by doctors, there is possible treatment of muscle-skeleton disorder, movable joints and spinal column by application of bischofite salt mixture. This method is indispensable in during rehabilitation process.

Chemical properties

Mg can be easily dissolved with acids that release hydrogen. Alkalis almost do not influence it. Magnesium turns into amorphous hydroxide in solution of three-percentage sodium chloride and seawater. Therefore, magnesium is resistant to spirits (except for methylated), petrol, kerosene, freon, mineral oils. It is energetic reducing material. It can displace less active element out of joints and restore other metals out of salt solutions at a room temperature. By heating up, it takes oxygen from oxides and alkalis. With a help of magnesium powder, there can be obtained plain joints. This quality is very important as long as it allows using it for titanium obtaining.

Physical properties

Magnesium is very lightweight metal with boiling temperature of 1103 °C. Its density is about 1.7 g/cm3 at 20 °C, melting point is 650 °C. Its surface is covered with oxide film which is fractured at a temperature of 623 °C. After this, magnesium burns away. Magnesium powder and foil burst into flame with a help of match. They can be in burn in air and in carbon dioxide. Bright photographic flash that has ultra-violet rays in its spectrum had been used until XX century. Such quality — to be in burn of brightly-glaring flame is indispensable in signal and light rockets, tracer projectiles and bullets, and flame bombs. Until quite recently, Mg was added in pioneer camp-fires that were fired at opening and finishing of session. Powders of potassium and magnesium permanganate are explosive materials.

Description

Identification

Atomic (molal) weight mole/h

24.3

Oxidation rate

2

Density [g/cm3]

1.738

Melting point t°С

650°С

Melting heat kJ/mole

9.2

Heat conductivity K [V/m*K]

158

Evaporation heat kJ/mole

131.8

Workability

It is one of the highest technological metals: it can be easily pressed, bent, drilled, cut and rolled. But in a pure state, it is brittle that is why in the capacity of bearing material its alloys are more valuable. Magnesium along with many other metals can form resistant to corrosion material with high strength-to-density-ratio. Magnesium pipe, bar, sheet are manufactured out of alloys with aluminium, zinc, beryllium, titanium, manganese and other rare-earth elements. Alloys of such type are obtained under protection of inert atmosphere by fluxless soldering. It provides physical-mechanical stability and uniform quality of semi-fabricate structure. These alloys are very lightweight, resistant to corrosion. That is why they are much-requested in different spheres.

Percentage composition of magnesium in pigs (GOST 2581−78)

Alloy grade

Mn

Zn

Al

Others

Fe

Si

Al

Cu

Ni

MM2ch

1,7−2.4

-

-

-

0.004

0.004

0.006

0.002

0.001

MM2

1.5−2.2

-

-

-

0.05

0.07

0.04

0.03

0.004

MA8C

0.2−0.5

0.3−0.8

7.5−8.7

-

0.02

0.1

-

0.05

0.004

MA8Cch

0.2−0.5

0.3−0.8

7.5−8.7

-

0.005

0.04

-

0.01

0.001

MA8Ce

0.2−0.5

0.3−1.5

7.5−8.7

-

0.028

0.5

-

0.35

0.01

MA8CBch

0.2−0.5

0.3−0.8

7.5−8.7

0,001−0,002 Ве

0.005

0.04

-

0.01

0.001

MCr1N3

0.2−0.5

-

-

0.4−1.1 Zr

2,6−3,2 Nd

0.01

0.02

0.02

0.01

0.004

MA10C1

0.2−0.5

0.7−1.2

9.0−10.0

-

0.05

0.15

-

Cu

0.005

Application

Mg is contained in composition of the most modern bearing materials. Its alloy with aluminium has high strength-to-density ratio. It is cheap material that is indispensable in motor-vehicle, air-craft industry where total weight of construction can be decreased. It gives invaluable advantage in development of airliners or sportive fire-ball. Magnesium mill-products are much-requested in air-craft and helicopter engineering for parts of gliders, ailerons, fairings, doors of cabs, control arms, chassis, housings of pumps and instruments, fuel and oxygen tanks. Such parts decrease a fuel rat, lighten a volume, and increase an efficiency of patterns. There can be made parts of vehicle crankcase, structures, dampers, decorative elements, housings of pumps, devices, cover tanks. Magnesium wheel disks possess strength, softness. They have attractive, stylish, up-market look. In electronic industry and instrument engineering, there can be made out of magnesium mill-products parts of instruments, case, cameras, mobile phones, binoculars, portable cameras. Magnesium alloys are applied for manufacture of electric batteries. Small percentage of thermal neutrons absorption and absence of interactions with uranium was a reason to manufacture magnesium shells for heat-producing elements of nuclear boilers.

Magnesium salts

Magnesium perchlorate and bromide are utilized along with copper, silver, plumb, bismuth, vanadium for manufacture of powerful accumulators. Such accumulators have a very high capacity and discharge volume. Magnesium-sulfuric accumulators are one of the perspective developments. But it still is in the stage of laboratory analysis. Magnesium perchlorate is also applied for laboratory deep gas dehydration. MgO is component of fireproof material in manufacture of special fettlings, crucible for industrial furnaces. Synthetic mono-crystals MgF are used in manufacture of optical prisms and lens.

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