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The objectives are to provide an interdisciplinary analysis of the two core inter-related aspects of the emerging programmable city: (a) Translation: how cities are translated into code, and (b) Transduction: how code reshapes city life” (Kitchin 2011).

As part of these projects a loose coalition of highly skilled actors have sought to open such geospatial data from state bodies for wider use. Some of these actors have been joined by a nascent open data movement.

To date, however, the complex unfolding of the geospatial open access to/data movement has not been charted. In this paper we provide such a genealogical analysis, tracing the open access/data movement in Canada over the past three decades, unpacking the various overlapping, co-evolving and oppositional data assemblages.

3.
The Programmable City
• A European Research Council (ERC) and
Science Foundation of Ireland (SFI) funding
• SH3: Environment and Society
• Led by Dr Rob Kitchin, the Primary Investigator
• Based at the National Institute for Regional and
Spatial Analysis (NIRSA)
• At the National University of Ireland Maynooth
(NUIM)

4.
MIT Press 2011 Sage 2014
Aim of the ERC
project is to build
off and extend a
decade of work that
culminated in
Code/Space book
(MIT Press) with a set
of detailed empirical
studies
Aim

5.
Objectives
How is the city translated into software and data?
How do software and data reshape the city?
Translation:
City into Code
Transduction:
Code Reshapes City
THE CITYSOFTWARE
Discourses, Practices, Knowledge, Models
Mediation, Augmentation, Facilitation, Regulation

8.
Data Sharing
ARTICLE III
1. In order to promote international cooperation in
scientific investigation in Antarctica, as provided for
in Article II of the present Treaty, the Contracting
Parties agree that, to the greatest extent feasible and
practicable:
(a) information regarding plans for scientific programs in
Antarctica shall be exchanged to permit maximum
economy and efficiency of operations;
(b) scientific personnel shall be exchanged in Antarctica
between expeditions and stations;
(c) scientific observations and results from Antarctica
shall be exchanged and made freely available

9.
Earth Summit 1992, 2002
Agenda 21 – Chapter 40
INFORMATION FOR DECISION-MAKING
40.1. In sustainable development, everyone is a
user and provider of information considered in
the broad sense. That includes data,
information, appropriately packaged
experience and knowledge. The need for
information arises at all levels, from that of
senior decision makers at the national and
international levels to the grass-roots and
individual levels. The following two
programme areas need to be implemented to
ensure that decisions are based increasingly on
sound information:
a. Bridging the data gap;
b. Improving information availability.
http://www.nap.edu/catalog/10455/down-to-earth-
geographical-information-for-sustainable-development-in-africa
http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Ag
enda21.pdf

12.
Most Popular Open Data Defs.
1. Access
2. Redistribution
3. Reuse
4. Absence of Technological
Restriction
5. Attribution
6. Integrity
7. No Discrimination Against Persons
or Groups
8. No Discrimination Against Fields
of Endeavor
9. Distribution of License
10. License Must Not Be Specific to a
Package
11. License Must Not Restrict the
Distribution of Other Works
★ make your stuff available on the Web
(whatever format) under an open license
★★ make it available as structured data (e.g.,
Excel instead of image scan of a table)
★★★ use non-proprietary formats (e.g., CSV
instead of Excel)
★★★★ use URIs to denote things, so that people
can point at your stuff
★★★★★ link your data to other data to provide
context
Tim Berners-Lee, 5 star deployment
scheme for Open Data
Interoperability
Georeference
Aggregation
Data Quality
Archiving

17.
CGDI Principles
1. Open:
enables better decision making, the CGDI is
based on open, barrier-free data sharing and
standards that allow users to exchange data.
2. Accessible:
allows users to access data and services
seamlessly, despite any complexities of the
underlying technology.
3. Evolving:
the network of organizations participating in
the CGDI will continue to address new
requirements and business applications for
information and service delivery to their
respective users.
4. Timely:
the CGDI is based on technologies and
services that support timely or real-time
access to information.
5. Sustainable:
is sustained by the contributions of the
participating organizations and broad user
community and through the infrastructure’s
relevance to these groups.
6. Self-organizing
the CGDI enables various organizations to
contribute geospatial information, services
and applications, and guide the
infrastructure’s development.
7. User and community driven
emphasizes the nurturing of and service to a
broad user community. These users,
including Canadians in general, will drive the
CGDI’s development based on user
requirements.
8. Closest to source
maximizes efficiency and quality by
encouraging organizations closest to source
to provide data and services. Thereby
eliminating duplication and overlap.
9. Trustworthy
is continually enhanced to protect sensitive
and proprietary data. The CGDI offers this
protection through policies and mechanisms
that enable data to be assessed for quality
and trusted by users.
Source: : 2012, Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure Vision, Mission
and Roadmap - The Way Forward

21.
The Dublin Dashboard includes:
• real-time information
• time-series indicator data
• & interactive maps about all aspects of
the city
Benefits:
• detailed, up to date intelligence about
the city that aids everyday decision
making and fosters evidence-informed
analysis.
Freely available data sources:
• Dublin City Council
• Dublinked
• Central Statistics Office
• Eurostat
• government departments
• links to a variety of existing
applications
Produced by:
• The Programmable City project
• All-Island research Observatory (AIRO)
at Maynooth University
• working with Dublin City Council
Funded by :
• the European Research Council (ERC)
• Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)

30.
• Open data is an opportunity.
• An openness ideology may censor / impede
access / discoverability to some data.
• Geomatics and Science open access is more
mature than open data.
• Open data communities can learn from
these.
• Those working on the environment should
leverage all opportunities and be engaged.