Discipline is good but habits are way better. The results of discipline come naturally to people stuck in a habit. When you get in the habit of studying you might even catch yourself studying without having to even think about it. Your body will just naturally go do it when it's the right time. You'll need discipline for the first few days of developing a habit but after the first few days, everything will become easier.

When you get into that habit, all the motivation you have left over will stay with you and help you study. You don’t need to use it up through constantly disciplining yourself. That means you get the best out of yourself without needing to stress about it. Developing a study habit is most effective on a daily basis. It's better to pick up the textbook for a few minutes a day than an hour only once a week.

Material Science Objective Type Questions (AMIE Winter 2017)

(2 marks each)

Define a Burger Vector.
The Burgers vector associated with a dislocation is a measure of the lattice distortion caused by the presence of the line defect. The diagram shows the convention for measuring the Burgers vector. A circuit is made around a dislocation line in a clockwise direction (top picture) with each step of the circuit connecting lattice sites that are fully coordinated. This circuit is then transferred to a perfect lattice of the same type. Because of the absence of a dislocation within this circuit, it fails to close on itself, and the vector linking the end of the circuit to the starting point is the Burgers vector, b = QM.

The Burgers vector defined in this way is a unit vector of the lattice if the dislocation is a unit dislocation, and a shorter stable translation vector of the lattice if the dislocation is a partial dislocation.

Define anelasticity and viscoelasticity.Viscoelastic materials are those for which the relationship between stress and strain depends on time or, in the frequency domain, on frequency. Viscoelastic materials have properties that depend on the strain rate.

Anelastic solids represent a subset of viscoelastic materials: they have a unique equilibrium configuration and ultimately recover fully after removal of a transient load. After being squeezed, they return to their original shape, given enough time. The transient strain is recoverable after the load or deformation is removed. The timescale for recovery may be very short, or it may be so long as to exceed the observer's patience or even lifetime.

State Griffith theory.
The Griffith theory states that a crack will propagate when the reduction in potential energy that occurs due to crack growth is greater than or equal to the increase in surface energy due to the creation of new free surfaces. This theory is applicable to elastic materials that fracture in a brittle fashion.

What is the fatigue limit of a material?
It is the highest stress that a material can withstand for an infinite number of cycles without breaking. Also called also endurance limit.

Define the terms (a) Curie temperature and (b) Remanence of a material.
Curie point, also called Curie Temperature, the temperature at which certain magnetic materials undergo a sharp change in their magnetic properties.

Remanence is the magnetic flux that remains in a magnetic circuit after an applied magnetomotive force has been removed.

What is meant by mobility?
Mobility, in solid-state physics, measurement of the ease with which a particular type of charged particle moves through a solid material under the influence of an electric field.

Define hardenability? State the factors affecting the hardenability.
Hardenability is a way to indicate a material’s potential to be hardened by thermal treatment. Hardenability describes how deep the steel may be hardened upon quenching from high temperature. Factors affecting are:

Increasing % of carbon increases hardenability

Every common alloying element except cobalt increases hardenability

Increased grain size increases hardenability due to a reduction in pearlite nucleation sites

What is TD nickel?
TD Nickel is a recently developed alloy containing 2 volume percent thoria and the balance nickel (Ni - 2ThO2). This alloy shows promise as a structural material for use in the temperature range from 1000 to 1300 °C. It has excellent thermal stability, high thermal conductivity, and a high melting point. The material has sufficient ductility for simple cold-forming operations and can be machined in the same manner as stainless steel.

What is vulcanization of rubber?
Vulcanization of rubber is a process of improvement of the rubber elasticity and strength by heating it in the presence of sulfur, which results in three-dimensional cross-linking of the chain rubber molecules (polyisoprene) bonded to each other by sulfur atoms.

Multitasking is a clear sign that something isn't right in the realm of motivation. If you feel the urge to listen to music, or talk to friends, or do absolutely anything other than studying then you're not motivated enough to be studying.

Focus can be a challenge but it can be done. To help yourself follow through with single-tasking, you might even want to cut down your study time. If you used to study for an hour while multitasking then tries only studying for a half an hour without multitasking. The results will surprise you. Honestly, study five minutes with 100% focus and you’ll see results from it.

Consider two finned surfaces that are identical except that the fins on the first Surface are formed by casting or extrusion, whereas they are attached to the second surface afterwards by welding or tight fitting. For which case do you think the fins will provide greater enhancement in heat transfer? Explain. (AMIE S16, 2 marks)