The majority of known orthobunyaviruses are benign in humans, although there are exceptions, such as the California encephalitis virus.

German researchers have already produced a genome sequence of Schmallenberg. It indicates that the virus lacks genetic sequences that would make it a threat to humans.

As a precaution, farmers are being advised to implement strict hygiene measures, and ECDPC advises "close collaboration between animal and human health services" to monitor the health of farmers, vets and other people in contact with infected animals.

How can it be tackled?

Nothing can be done to improve the lot of lambs and calves being born this spring, as their conditions result from infections that happened last year.

The Friedrich Loeffler Institut in Germany has already developed a test for the virus, but it can only be used in the lab. The National Farmers Union is among thosepushing for rapid development of a testthat can be used on farms.

The evidence strongly suggests that Schmallenberg is carried by biting midges. Experience with other insect-borne diseases shows that tackling the vector can be highly effective.

The UK Institute for Animal Healthis working with the Met Officeto develop programs to predict the virus's spread, should it be confirmed that midges are the vectors.

Scientists are already working towards a vaccine, but that could take a few years to develop.