Computer software

Computer Software is a set of programs designed to perform a well-defined function. A program is a sequence of instructions written to solve a particular problem. Software is a interface between user and computer.

There are two types of software

System Software

Application Software

System software is collection of programs designed to operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of the computer.

Types of operating system

Batch operating system : Data and Program are executed or processed in a group called Batch

Batch OS works in two steps

First storage of processes in form of a batch known as accumulation of jobs.

Jobs are processed in sequential manner called periodicals processing of jobs.

Multi-programming operating system : Two or more program reside in primary memory simultaneously. Multi-programming system are multitasking multi-user and multiprocessing operating system.

Single user : Designed for single user and a single person use it at a time i.e. DOS windows 95

Distributed operating system : It is group of independent computers and makes them appear to the user of the system as a single computer. Data processing jobs are distributed among the processors according to their

Real time operating system : It is a computing environment that reacts to input within a specific time period. It is used at those Places in which we Requires higher and Timely. There are two types of RTOS

Hard real time OS : That guarantee a maximum time for the operation it

Soft real time OS : That cannot absolutely guarantee a maximum time for the operations it perform.

Time sharing operating system : A time sharing system allows the many users to simultaneously share the computer

Embedded operating system : Refers to the operating system that is self contained in the device and resident in

Mobile operating system : mobile OS is an OS that operate on smart Phones , tablets and Digital mobile devices. Google’s latest version of its android OS is Nougat and iOS i.e. iPhone Operating System’s latest version is IOS

Server-site Operating system : Also known as network operating system. It is a complete set of files, tasks and job management. Eg Linux, Unix,

Functions of Operating System

Process management : The OS handles the creation and deletion of processes and also manages the scheduling and

File management : Includes creating and deleting both files and directories. Allocating space for files, easy access of

Buffering : Storing data in memory area called

Spooling : Sending data to a spool of the computer memory. OS maintain the spooling of data by adding an address location with every element in the

IBPS PO Notes for Computer software

User Interface

OS provide an interface between the computer user and hardware.

Graphical user interface : That enable a person to communicate with a computer through the use of symbols, visual metaphors and pointing devices. Eg gaming, media player. Character user interface : or command line interface , interacting with a computer system or software by typing command.

Computer languages

Low level language : These are coded in a form which is easy to understand by the processor.

Machine language: It is also a type of low level language these can be develop in binary language (0 and 1) .

Assembly language : it is also a type of low level language and using the human readable instruction of the CPU. It is written as ‘MOV A.’ High level language programmer can write code in simple easy language, it is user friendly . E.g. C, JAVA

C language : it is a middle level programming language and also known as procedural language

C++ is high level language that uses the OOPS

Fort ran : it is known as formula translation .it is used for scientific application

COBOL(Common Business Oriented Language ): used for record keeping and data management in business organizations

BASIC (Beginner’s All Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) : first language designed for non-professional

PASCAL : it is developed as a teaching tool for programming

Language processor (Translator) : Programmers write their program in one of the high level language because it is much easy to code in these language but computer does not understand any of these language so it is necessary to convert program into a machine language so translator do this

Loader: It loads the code which is translated by translator into the main memory and makes it ready to

Linker: is used to combine all the object files and convert them into a final executable program.

Interpreter : converts high level language program into machine language. It is very slow because it convert program line by

Compiler : It also translates the program from high level language to machine language. It is very fast because it converts the whole program into machine

Assembler : It is used for converting the code of low level language into machine level language.

Computer software Question and Answer

Which process checks to ensure the components of the computer are operating and connected properly?

(a)Booting (b) Processing (c) Saving (d) Editing

Answer (a)

Application software?

(a) Is used to control the operating system (b) Is designed to help programmers

(c) Performs specific task for computer users (d) Is used for making design only

Answer (b)

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