98445: When a Muslim says du’aa’, should he start with du’aa’ for himself or for others?

What should a Muslim do regarding du’a, should he start by making du’a for himself or for all Muslims first? I noticed the du’as in the holy Quraan start by self then others. Like in the following ayah: "Our Lord! Forgive us, and our brethren who came before us into the Faith, and leave not, in our hearts, rancor (or sense of injury) against those who have believed. Our Lord! Thou art indeed Full of Kindness, Most Merciful.".

Praise be to Allaah.

Firstly:

The custom of
ending recitation of one or more verses from the Qur’aan with the phrase
Sadaqa Allaahu’l-‘Azeem (Allaah the Almighty has spoken the truth) has
no basis in the Sunnah. We have discussed the ruling on this issue in the
answer to questions no. 2209 and
10119.

Secondly:

It is
mustahabb for the Muslim to put himself before others when saying du’aa’,
and there is evidence for that including the following:

1 – It was
narrated that ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Mas’ood (may Allaah be pleased with him) said:
The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
said: “When one of you prays, let him say: al-Tahiyyaatu Lillaahi
wa’l-salawaatu wa’l-tayyibaat; al-salaamu ‘alayka ayyuha’l-nabiyyu wa
rahmat-Allaahi wa barakaatuhu; al-salaamu ‘alayna wa ‘ala ‘ibaad-illaah
il-saaliheen (All compliments, prayers and good words are due to Allaah;
peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy of Allaah and His blessings;
peace be upon us and upon the righteous slaves of Allaah). For if you say
that it will reach every righteous slave in the heavens and on earth. (Then
say:) Ash-hadu al-laa ilaaha ill-Allaah wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan
‘abduhu wa rasooluhu (I bear witness that there is no god except Allaah
and I bear witness that Muhammad is His slave and Messenger).”

The words “al-salaamu
‘alayna (peace be upon us)” are taken as evidence that it is mustahabb
to start with oneself when saying du’aa’. In al-Tirmidhi there is a saheeh
hadeeth from Ubayy ibn Ka’b which says that when the Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) mentioned anyone and prayed
for him, he would start with himself. The original version is in Muslim.
Another example is the words of Nooh and Ibraaheem (peace be upon them) as
it says in al-Tanzeel.

Fath
al-Baari
(2/314)

2 – The
lengthy hadeeth of Ibn ‘Abbaas about the story of Moosa and al-Khidr (peace
be upon them both) – which is the report which al-Haafiz referred to and
said that it is in al-Tirmidhi and the original version is in Muslim. In it,
it says:

“Then they
proceeded until they came to some boys who were playing, and al-Khadr went
straight to one of them, and killed him. Moosa (peace be upon him) was
greatly distressed by that and said: ‘Have you killed an innocent person who
had killed none? Verily, you have committed a thing Nukr (a great
Munkar — prohibited, evil, dreadful thing)!’” The Messenger of Allaah
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Were it not that he
was too hasty he would have seen wondrous things, but he was seized with
fear of blame for his companion. Moosa said: ‘If I ask you anything after
this, keep me not in your company, you have received an excuse from me.’ If
he had been patient he would have seen wondrous things.” He (the narrator)
said: When he mentioned any of the Prophets he would start with himself:
“May Allaah have mercy upon us and upon my brother.”

Al-Nawawi (may
Allaah have mercy on him) said:

Our companions
said: This shows that it is mustahabb for a person to start with himself
when saying du’aa’ concerning matters of the Hereafter. As for worldly
matters, proper etiquette is to show preference to others and put others
before oneself.

Sharh
Muslim
(15/144)

Al-Suyooti
(may Allaah have mercy on him) said:

Hence they
recommended that the one who is supplicating should start with du’aa’ for
himself before he says du’aa’ for others, because that is more likely to
receive a response, as he will be more sincere, more submissive towards
Allaah, more eloquent in expressing his need, and less likely to have a
feeling of pride and self-admiration. This is the way of the Prophets and
Messengers. … and he quoted some of their du’aa’s, which we shall quote
below.

Al-Shamaa’il al-Shareefah
(p. 139).

3 – It was
narrated that Ibn ‘Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) passed
by the graves of Madeenah and he turned to face them and said: “Peace be
upon you, O inhabitants of the graves. May Allaah forgive us and you. You
have gone ahead of us but we will follow you.”

Imam
al-San’aani (may Allaah have mercy on him) said, discussing what is learned
from this hadeeth and another, similar report:

These two
ahaadeeth indicate that when a person says du’aa’ for someone or prays for
forgiveness for him, he should start with du’aa’ for himself and asking for
forgiveness for himself. This is indicated in many Qur’aanic du’aa’s:
“Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren” [al-Hashr 59:10] and “and ask
forgiveness for your sin, and also for (the sin of) believing men and
believing women” [Muhammad 47:19] and others.

Subul
al-Salaam
(2/243).

4 – This is
the way of the Prophets (peace be upon them). For example:

(a)
The
Prophet of Allaah Moosa (peace be upon him):

“Moosa
(Moses) said: ‘O my Lord! Forgive me and my brother, and admit us into Your
Mercy, for you are the Most Merciful of those who show mercy’”

[al-A’raaf
7:151]

(b)
The
Prophet of Allaah Nooh (peace be upon him):

“ ‘My Lord!
Forgive me, and my parents, and him who enters my home as a believer, and
all the believing men and women. And to the Zaalimoon (polytheists,
wrongdoers, and disbelievers) grant You no increase but destruction!’”

[Nooh
71:28]

(c)
The
Prophets of Allaah Ibraaheem and Ismaa’eel (peace be upon them):

“Our Lord!
And make us submissive unto You and of our offspring a nation submissive
unto You, and show us our Manaasik (all the ceremonies of pilgrimage — Hajj
and ‘Umrah), and accept our repentance. Truly, You are the One Who accepts
repentance, the Most Merciful.

129. “Our
Lord! Send amongst them a Messenger of their own (and indeed Allaah answered
their invocation by sending Muhammad صلى الله
عليه وسلم), who shall recite unto them Your Verses and instruct them
in the Book (this Qur’aan) and Al-H(full knowledge of the Islamic laws and
jurisprudence or wisdom or Prophethood), and purify them. Verily, You are
the All-Mighty, the All-Wise”

41. “Our
Lord! Forgive me and my parents, and (all) the believers on the Day when the
reckoning will be established”

[Ibraaheem
14:40, 41]

(ii)

“And
(remember) when Ibraaheem (Abraham) said: ‘O my Lord! Make this city
(Makkah) one of peace and security, and keep me and my sons away from
worshipping idols’”

[Ibraaheem
14:35]

5 – It is also
the action of the believers:

“And those
who came after them say: ‘Our Lord! Forgive us and our brethren who have
preceded us in Faith, and put not in our hearts any hatred against those who
have believed. Our Lord! You are indeed full of kindness, Most Merciful’”