Quantum laser pointers brings you the infamous double slit experiment right in the palm of your hand. In 1801 English physicist Thomas Young performed this experiment to determine if light was a particle or a wave. A laser shines a coherent beam of light through a film disc containing two parallel slits. Light striking the wall behind the slits producers a classic interference pattern. This surprising result means light passes through the parallel slits not as particles but as waves. When the peaks of two waves overlap it creates a band of light. When the peak of one wave meets the valley of another, light is cancelled out. Variations of this experiment spurred public debates between Albert Einstein and Neils Bohr on the true nature of reality. It’s been called the granddaddy of all quantum weirdness. This convenient and affordable double slit laser was designed for personal enjoyment and education.

published:21 Nov 2016

views:3585

X - Rays
A German scientist Roentgen accidentally discovered X - rays in 1895
Dr. William Coolidge, in 1913, designed a tube for the production of X - rays
This tube consist of evacuated discharge tube. There is a tungsten filament fuse to one of the sides of the tube as shown here. The tungsten filament is coated with barium oxide to get a corpus supply of the electrons. The filament is heated with the help of the dc circuits. The dc circuits consists of the battery, rheostat and a ammeter. There is a hollow molybdenum cylinder. This cylinder which is referred to cylindrical shield is maintained as a negative potential so that it focuses electrons emitted by the filament on to the anode. The tungsten block is used as the anode and it is held at a angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal. The anode is embedded in the copper block and is connected to the copper rod. There is an arrangement to cool the copper rod. The anode and cathode are connected with the positive and negative terminals of the high tensions supply.
Let us now see how x rays are produced
Filament is heated by passing a suitable current through it. The filaments and its electrons. The cylindrical sheet helps in focusing the electrons emitted from the filament on to the point on the anode. The negative charge on the cylindrical sheet forces the electrons to converge at a point on a anode. The electrons strike the anode with a large amount of kinetic energy. The major part of the energy of the incident electrons gets converted into heat and remaining part appears in the forms of x-rays.
The wavelength of x - rays is given by the relation : lambda is equal to ch by ev
Where
Lambda is the wavelength of x - rays
c is the velocity of light
h is the Planck's constant
e is the charge of the electron
v is the potential difference between the cathode and anode
Applications of x - rays
X - rays are used in the field of medicine for diagnosis and cure
To detect flaws, cracks and air bubbles in certain finished goods like aero planes, cars and trains.
To differentiate between real and fake diamonds
To study the structure of crystals
X - rays are also used as metal detectors

published:27 Oct 2014

views:70593

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-x-rays-see-through-your-skin-ge-wang
Originally discovered by accident, X-rays are now used about 100 million times a year in clinics around the world. How do these magic eyes work? Ge Wang details the history and mechanics of the X-ray machine and CT scanners.
Lesson by Ge Wang, animation by PinkKong Studios.

published:22 Jun 2015

views:502653

Röntgen was experimenting with vacuum tubes at the University of Würzburg when he discovered the new ‘invisible light’ on 8 November1895. Although his lab notes were burned after his death in 1923, Röntgen’s biographers describe him noticing a faint glow from a screen covered in fluorescent material about a metre away from his apparatus. This was despite the vacuum tube itself being covered with black cardboard that stopped all visible light.
Having reasoned that the tube itself must be giving off these invisible rays, Röntgen conducted a series of experiments over the next few weeks in which he found that they could pass through certain objects but not others. Due to his uncertainty over the exact nature of the new rays, he adopted the mathematical designation ‘X’ to reflect their mysterious nature.
As his experiments continued, Röntgen began to notice that the rays were able to penetrate the soft tissues in his body but were stopped by bone. After subsequently replacing the fluorescent screen with a photographic plate he made the first ever X-ray image clearly showing the bones of his wife Bertha’s hand and her wedding ring. On seeing the image she is said to have remarked, ‘I have seen my death.’
Röntgen published the paper “On a New Kind Of Rays” on 28 December 1895, and news of his discovery spread quickly. Within a year X-rays were being used as far away as the United States as both a diagnostic tool and for treating cancers. Röntgen refused to take out a patent on X-rays in order to allow the entire world to benefit from them but was awarded the first ever Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

published:28 Dec 2017

views:496

This video is a documentary about the discovery of x-rays by Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. It is intended for educational instruction of radiologic technology students and educators.

published:04 Dec 2015

views:13365

This silent German film features cineradiography of x-rays of eating, drinking and digestion. It was made by Professor Dr Robert Janker, a pioneer in radiological diagnostics of skeletal systems, x-ray photograph technology, luminescent screen photography, x-ray cineradiography and radiotherapy. He worked on developing electronic image enhancement, x-ray television and mass x-ray screening. Find out more: http://catalogue.wellcomelibrary.org/record=b2045411~S3.

published:18 Feb 2014

views:30047

more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/
"Demystifies X-rays and radiation."
NEWVERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTDFHJGN_Mw
Public domain film from the Library of CongressPrelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray
X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is called Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Correct spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s) and X ray(s). XRAY is used as the phonetic pronunciation for the letter x.
X-rays up to about 10 keV (10 to 0.10 nm wavelength) are classified as "soft" X-rays, and from about 10 to 120 keV (0.10 to 0.01 nm wavelength) as "hard" X-rays, due to their penetrating abilities.
Hard X-rays can penetrate some solids and liquids, and all uncompressed gases, and their most common use is to image of the inside of objects in diagnostic radiography and crystallography. As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. By contrast, soft X-rays hardly penetrate matter at all; the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2 nm) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer.
The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays has changed in recent decades. Originally, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by X-ray tubes had a longer wavelength than the radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei (gamma rays). Older literature distinguished between X- and gamma radiation on the basis of wavelength, with radiation shorter than some arbitrary wavelength, such as 10−11 m, defined as gamma rays. However, as shorter wavelength continuous spectrum "X-ray" sources such as linear accelerators and longer wavelength "gamma ray" emitters were discovered, the wavelength bands largely overlapped... X-rays are emitted by electrons outside the nucleus, while gamma rays are emitted by the nucleus. However, like all electromagnetic radiation, the properties of X-rays (or gamma rays) depend only on their wavelength and polarization...
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen is usually credited as the discoverer of X-rays because he was the first to systematically study them, though he is not the first to have observed their effects. He is also the one who gave them the name "X-rays", though many referred to these as "Röntgen rays" (and the associated X-ray radiograms as, "Röntgenograms") for several decades after their discovery and to this day in some languages, including Röntgen's native German, though "X-ray" overtook popular usage in English by 1980.
X-rays were found emanating from Crookes tubes, experimental discharge tubes invented around 1875, by scientists investigating the cathode rays, that is energetic electron beams, that were first created in the tubes. Crookes tubes created free electrons by ionization of the residual air in the tube by a high DC voltage of anywhere between a few kilovolts and 100 kV. This voltage accelerated the electrons coming from the cathode to a high enough velocity that they created X-rays when they struck the anode or the glass wall of the tube. Many of the early Crookes tubes undoubtedly radiated X-rays, because early researchers noticed effects that were attributable to them, as detailed below. Wilhelm Röntgen was the first to systematically study them, in 1895.
The important early researchers in X-rays were Nikola Tesla, Ivan Pulyui, William Crookes, Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, Eugen Goldstein, Heinrich Hertz, Philipp Lenard, Hermann von Helmholtz, Thomas Edison, Charles Glover Barkla, Max von Laue, and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D._Coolidge
William David Coolidge (October 23, 1873 -- February 3, 1975) was an American physicist, who made major contributions to X-ray machines. He was the director of the General Electric Research Laboratory... famous for the invention of "ductile tungsten", which is important for the incandescent light bulb...
In 1913 he invented the Coolidge tube, an X-ray tube with an improved cathode for use in X-ray machines that allowed for more intense visualization of deep-seated anatomy and tumors...

published:24 Jun 2012

views:9206

Great Moments in Science and Technology here: The viewer gains an insight into both .
Röntgen - a bright spark 2010WinnerSleek GeeksEureka Prize The documentary focuses on the history of X-Ray technology and re-enacts the discovery of X-ray.
GermanPhysicistWilhelm Conrad Röntgen - X-Ray Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 -- 10 February 1923) was a German physicist who, on 8 November1895, pr.
This Milestones of Science episode deals with the issue of - X-Rays and is dedicated to it's artificer Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.
more at Demystifies X-rays and radiation. Public domain film from the Library of CongressPrelinger Archive, slightly croppe.
more at How the X-ray works and its use in police work, surgery, industrial engineering and automobile manufacturing. Public.
Also known as 'The X-Ray Fiend', this comedy by G.A.Smith combines two very recent innovations: Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895, and Georges .
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen of Germany was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics. His X-rays have continued to transform fields from astronomy to cell biochemi.
Wilhelm Röntgen 1845 - 1923 Wilhelm Röntgen won a Nobel Prize in Physics after producing and detecting what later became known as X.
For the first episode of the series, we go all the way back to 1901 and meet the very first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. Ima.
Greatest Medical Discoveries: X-rays (1895) Wilhelm Roentgen discovers X-rays as he conducts experiments with the radiation from cathode rays (electrons). He.
In November of 1895, WilhelmConradRontgen, a physics professor changed the course of medical science forever with an accidental discovery of X-rays.
From the GE MovieCatalog: Dr. William D, Coolidge, General Electric scientist and inventor of the hot-cathode x-ray tube, explains in this film how x-rays ..
A MechanicalIcon film.
Röntgen-Strahlen sind aus der Medizin seit langem nicht mehr wegzudenken. Aber auch andere Disziplinen wie Material-Prüfung, Archäologie oder Astronomie würd.
A Short Narrative Based Upon W.C R.
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Röntgen also spelled Roentgen (born March 27, 1845, Lennep, Prussia [now Remscheid, Germany]—.
In 1895 German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered rays which he didn't know much about, so he called them X-Rays. One of the best known applications for th.
video for embedding at The classic nuclear energy animated film produced in 1952 by General Electric. This is the same public domain f.
This is an animated short I created for The American Roentgen Ray Society's Annual Meeting in 2008!
X-Rays have been in use as a medical imaging technique since approximately 1895 when Wilhelm Roentgen concluded that he was able to make photos of body struc.
This is a recreation of the great x-ray discovery by German Physicist Wilhelm Roentgen on November 8th, 1895. I used a phantom skull, intensifying screen (tu.
With animations generated with the VOXEL-MAN visualization system ( ), the video shows the development of the X-ray technique.It was crea.
On December 28, 1895, the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen announced he had discovered rays which he called X. With these rays, we can see inside obje.
European inventions and Discoveries all videos: History of the Microsco.

published:24 Mar 2014

views:4408

My innards as I eat stuff. Unfortunately, the X-Rays did not give me any sort of super-powers.

published:11 Sep 2009

views:1353510

Peeling sticky tape emits energy that extends into the X-ray regime, reports a study in Nature. The research provides evidence for a phenomenon that was first observed more than 50 years ago.
It is well known that unwinding sticky tape produces sparks of light that can easily be seen by the naked eye in a dark room. This phenomenon, known as triboluminescence, is produced by the friction generated when two contacting surfaces move relative to each other.

published:28 Jan 2009

views:300882

An explanation of alveolar vs. interstitial opacities, including cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and the 3 types of interstitial patterns (reticular, nodular, and reticulonodular). Examples provided of air bronchograms, peribroncial cuffing, Kerley A and B lines, and cephalization. Etiologies of low lung volumes and hyperinflation are also discussed.
Video includes the following image (among others):
Cephalization, downloaded from Radiopaedia.org, originally posted by Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu.
Sources for other images may include Wikimedia Commons, radiologypics.com, and JoseCaceras' wonderful radiology blog: CaceresCorner (http://blog.myesr.org/category/caceres-corner/)

X-ray

X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is referred to with terms meaning Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s), xray(s), and X ray(s).

X-rays with photon energies above 5–10 keV (below 0.2–0.1nm wavelength) are called hard X-rays, while those with lower energy are called soft X-rays. Due to their penetrating ability, hard X-rays are widely used to image the inside of objects, e.g., in medical radiography and airport security. As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. Since the wavelengths of hard X-rays are similar to the size of atoms they are also useful for determining crystal structures by X-ray crystallography. By contrast, soft X-rays are easily absorbed in air; the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2nm) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer.

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize (Swedish pronunciation:[nʊˈbɛl], Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Norwegian: Nobelprisen) is a set of annual international awards bestowed in a number of categories by Swedish and Norwegian committees in recognition of academic, cultural and/or scientific advances.

The will of the Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel established the prizes in 1895. The prizes in Chemistry, Literature, Peace, Physics, and Physiology or Medicine were first awarded in 1901. The related Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was established by Sweden's central bank in 1968. Medals made before 1980 were struck in 23 carat gold, and later from 18 carat green gold plated with a 24 carat gold coating. Between 1901 and 2015, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 573 times to 900 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 870 individuals (822 men and 48 women) and 23 organizations.

The prize ceremonies take place annually in Stockholm, Sweden, except for the peace prize which is held in Oslo, Norway and each recipient, or laureate, receives a gold medal, a diploma and a sum of money that has been decided by the Nobel Foundation. (As of 2012, each prize was worth SEK8 million or about US$1.2 million, €0.93 million or £0.6 million.) The Nobel Prize is widely regarded as the most prestigious award available in the fields of literature, medicine, physics, chemistry, peace, and economics.

On January 13, 2016, it was announced that GE will be moving its corporate headquarters to the South Boston Waterfront neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. Some of the workers will arrive in the summer of 2016, and the full move will be completed by 2018.

The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to a German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays (or x-rays). This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and widely regarded as the most prestigious award that a scientist can receive in physics. It is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death. Through 2015, a total of 200 individuals have been awarded the prize.

Background

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, X-rays

Quantum laser pointers brings you the infamous double slit experiment right in the palm of your hand. In 1801 English physicist Thomas Young performed this experiment to determine if light was a particle or a wave. A laser shines a coherent beam of light through a film disc containing two parallel slits. Light striking the wall behind the slits producers a classic interference pattern. This surprising result means light passes through the parallel slits not as particles but as waves. When the peaks of two waves overlap it creates a band of light. When the peak of one wave meets the valley of another, light is cancelled out. Variations of this experiment spurred public debates between Albert Einstein and Neils Bohr on the true nature of reality. It’s been called the granddaddy of all quantum weirdness. This convenient and affordable double slit laser was designed for personal enjoyment and education.

4:25

Understand X - Ray and how they are produced

Understand X - Ray and how they are produced

Understand X - Ray and how they are produced

X - Rays
A German scientist Roentgen accidentally discovered X - rays in 1895
Dr. William Coolidge, in 1913, designed a tube for the production of X - rays
This tube consist of evacuated discharge tube. There is a tungsten filament fuse to one of the sides of the tube as shown here. The tungsten filament is coated with barium oxide to get a corpus supply of the electrons. The filament is heated with the help of the dc circuits. The dc circuits consists of the battery, rheostat and a ammeter. There is a hollow molybdenum cylinder. This cylinder which is referred to cylindrical shield is maintained as a negative potential so that it focuses electrons emitted by the filament on to the anode. The tungsten block is used as the anode and it is held at a angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal. The anode is embedded in the copper block and is connected to the copper rod. There is an arrangement to cool the copper rod. The anode and cathode are connected with the positive and negative terminals of the high tensions supply.
Let us now see how x rays are produced
Filament is heated by passing a suitable current through it. The filaments and its electrons. The cylindrical sheet helps in focusing the electrons emitted from the filament on to the point on the anode. The negative charge on the cylindrical sheet forces the electrons to converge at a point on a anode. The electrons strike the anode with a large amount of kinetic energy. The major part of the energy of the incident electrons gets converted into heat and remaining part appears in the forms of x-rays.
The wavelength of x - rays is given by the relation : lambda is equal to ch by ev
Where
Lambda is the wavelength of x - rays
c is the velocity of light
h is the Planck's constant
e is the charge of the electron
v is the potential difference between the cathode and anode
Applications of x - rays
X - rays are used in the field of medicine for diagnosis and cure
To detect flaws, cracks and air bubbles in certain finished goods like aero planes, cars and trains.
To differentiate between real and fake diamonds
To study the structure of crystals
X - rays are also used as metal detectors

4:42

How X-rays see through your skin - Ge Wang

How X-rays see through your skin - Ge Wang

How X-rays see through your skin - Ge Wang

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-x-rays-see-through-your-skin-ge-wang
Originally discovered by accident, X-rays are now used about 100 million times a year in clinics around the world. How do these magic eyes work? Ge Wang details the history and mechanics of the X-ray machine and CT scanners.
Lesson by Ge Wang, animation by PinkKong Studios.

3:09

28th December 1895: Wilhelm Röntgen publishes his discovery of X-rays

28th December 1895: Wilhelm Röntgen publishes his discovery of X-rays

28th December 1895: Wilhelm Röntgen publishes his discovery of X-rays

Röntgen was experimenting with vacuum tubes at the University of Würzburg when he discovered the new ‘invisible light’ on 8 November1895. Although his lab notes were burned after his death in 1923, Röntgen’s biographers describe him noticing a faint glow from a screen covered in fluorescent material about a metre away from his apparatus. This was despite the vacuum tube itself being covered with black cardboard that stopped all visible light.
Having reasoned that the tube itself must be giving off these invisible rays, Röntgen conducted a series of experiments over the next few weeks in which he found that they could pass through certain objects but not others. Due to his uncertainty over the exact nature of the new rays, he adopted the mathematical designation ‘X’ to reflect their mysterious nature.
As his experiments continued, Röntgen began to notice that the rays were able to penetrate the soft tissues in his body but were stopped by bone. After subsequently replacing the fluorescent screen with a photographic plate he made the first ever X-ray image clearly showing the bones of his wife Bertha’s hand and her wedding ring. On seeing the image she is said to have remarked, ‘I have seen my death.’
Röntgen published the paper “On a New Kind Of Rays” on 28 December 1895, and news of his discovery spread quickly. Within a year X-rays were being used as far away as the United States as both a diagnostic tool and for treating cancers. Röntgen refused to take out a patent on X-rays in order to allow the entire world to benefit from them but was awarded the first ever Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

7:35

The Discovery of X-Rays

The Discovery of X-Rays

The Discovery of X-Rays

This video is a documentary about the discovery of x-rays by Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. It is intended for educational instruction of radiologic technology students and educators.

10:04

Roentgenfilm I (1936)

Roentgenfilm I (1936)

Roentgenfilm I (1936)

This silent German film features cineradiography of x-rays of eating, drinking and digestion. It was made by Professor Dr Robert Janker, a pioneer in radiological diagnostics of skeletal systems, x-ray photograph technology, luminescent screen photography, x-ray cineradiography and radiotherapy. He worked on developing electronic image enhancement, x-ray television and mass x-ray screening. Find out more: http://catalogue.wellcomelibrary.org/record=b2045411~S3.

9:15

X-Rays: "Taking the X out of X-Rays" circa 1940s General Electric 9min

X-Rays: "Taking the X out of X-Rays" circa 1940s General Electric 9min

X-Rays: "Taking the X out of X-Rays" circa 1940s General Electric 9min

more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/
"Demystifies X-rays and radiation."
NEWVERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTDFHJGN_Mw
Public domain film from the Library of CongressPrelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray
X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is called Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Correct spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s) and X ray(s). XRAY is used as the phonetic pronunciation for the letter x.
X-rays up to about 10 keV (10 to 0.10 nm wavelength) are classified as "soft" X-rays, and from about 10 to 120 keV (0.10 to 0.01 nm wavelength) as "hard" X-rays, due to their penetrating abilities.
Hard X-rays can penetrate some solids and liquids, and all uncompressed gases, and their most common use is to image of the inside of objects in diagnostic radiography and crystallography. As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. By contrast, soft X-rays hardly penetrate matter at all; the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2 nm) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer.
The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays has changed in recent decades. Originally, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by X-ray tubes had a longer wavelength than the radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei (gamma rays). Older literature distinguished between X- and gamma radiation on the basis of wavelength, with radiation shorter than some arbitrary wavelength, such as 10−11 m, defined as gamma rays. However, as shorter wavelength continuous spectrum "X-ray" sources such as linear accelerators and longer wavelength "gamma ray" emitters were discovered, the wavelength bands largely overlapped... X-rays are emitted by electrons outside the nucleus, while gamma rays are emitted by the nucleus. However, like all electromagnetic radiation, the properties of X-rays (or gamma rays) depend only on their wavelength and polarization...
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen is usually credited as the discoverer of X-rays because he was the first to systematically study them, though he is not the first to have observed their effects. He is also the one who gave them the name "X-rays", though many referred to these as "Röntgen rays" (and the associated X-ray radiograms as, "Röntgenograms") for several decades after their discovery and to this day in some languages, including Röntgen's native German, though "X-ray" overtook popular usage in English by 1980.
X-rays were found emanating from Crookes tubes, experimental discharge tubes invented around 1875, by scientists investigating the cathode rays, that is energetic electron beams, that were first created in the tubes. Crookes tubes created free electrons by ionization of the residual air in the tube by a high DC voltage of anywhere between a few kilovolts and 100 kV. This voltage accelerated the electrons coming from the cathode to a high enough velocity that they created X-rays when they struck the anode or the glass wall of the tube. Many of the early Crookes tubes undoubtedly radiated X-rays, because early researchers noticed effects that were attributable to them, as detailed below. Wilhelm Röntgen was the first to systematically study them, in 1895.
The important early researchers in X-rays were Nikola Tesla, Ivan Pulyui, William Crookes, Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, Eugen Goldstein, Heinrich Hertz, Philipp Lenard, Hermann von Helmholtz, Thomas Edison, Charles Glover Barkla, Max von Laue, and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D._Coolidge
William David Coolidge (October 23, 1873 -- February 3, 1975) was an American physicist, who made major contributions to X-ray machines. He was the director of the General Electric Research Laboratory... famous for the invention of "ductile tungsten", which is important for the incandescent light bulb...
In 1913 he invented the Coolidge tube, an X-ray tube with an improved cathode for use in X-ray machines that allowed for more intense visualization of deep-seated anatomy and tumors...

0:36

First X Ray , Rontgen Rays , Wilhelm Röntgen

First X Ray , Rontgen Rays , Wilhelm Röntgen

First X Ray , Rontgen Rays , Wilhelm Röntgen

Great Moments in Science and Technology here: The viewer gains an insight into both .
Röntgen - a bright spark 2010WinnerSleek GeeksEureka Prize The documentary focuses on the history of X-Ray technology and re-enacts the discovery of X-ray.
GermanPhysicistWilhelm Conrad Röntgen - X-Ray Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 -- 10 February 1923) was a German physicist who, on 8 November1895, pr.
This Milestones of Science episode deals with the issue of - X-Rays and is dedicated to it's artificer Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.
more at Demystifies X-rays and radiation. Public domain film from the Library of CongressPrelinger Archive, slightly croppe.
more at How the X-ray works and its use in police work, surgery, industrial engineering and automobile manufacturing. Public.
Also known as 'The X-Ray Fiend', this comedy by G.A.Smith combines two very recent innovations: Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895, and Georges .
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen of Germany was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics. His X-rays have continued to transform fields from astronomy to cell biochemi.
Wilhelm Röntgen 1845 - 1923 Wilhelm Röntgen won a Nobel Prize in Physics after producing and detecting what later became known as X.
For the first episode of the series, we go all the way back to 1901 and meet the very first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. Ima.
Greatest Medical Discoveries: X-rays (1895) Wilhelm Roentgen discovers X-rays as he conducts experiments with the radiation from cathode rays (electrons). He.
In November of 1895, WilhelmConradRontgen, a physics professor changed the course of medical science forever with an accidental discovery of X-rays.
From the GE MovieCatalog: Dr. William D, Coolidge, General Electric scientist and inventor of the hot-cathode x-ray tube, explains in this film how x-rays ..
A MechanicalIcon film.
Röntgen-Strahlen sind aus der Medizin seit langem nicht mehr wegzudenken. Aber auch andere Disziplinen wie Material-Prüfung, Archäologie oder Astronomie würd.
A Short Narrative Based Upon W.C R.
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Röntgen also spelled Roentgen (born March 27, 1845, Lennep, Prussia [now Remscheid, Germany]—.
In 1895 German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered rays which he didn't know much about, so he called them X-Rays. One of the best known applications for th.
video for embedding at The classic nuclear energy animated film produced in 1952 by General Electric. This is the same public domain f.
This is an animated short I created for The American Roentgen Ray Society's Annual Meeting in 2008!
X-Rays have been in use as a medical imaging technique since approximately 1895 when Wilhelm Roentgen concluded that he was able to make photos of body struc.
This is a recreation of the great x-ray discovery by German Physicist Wilhelm Roentgen on November 8th, 1895. I used a phantom skull, intensifying screen (tu.
With animations generated with the VOXEL-MAN visualization system ( ), the video shows the development of the X-ray technique.It was crea.
On December 28, 1895, the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen announced he had discovered rays which he called X. With these rays, we can see inside obje.
European inventions and Discoveries all videos: History of the Microsco.

1:50

My X Ray swallows

My X Ray swallows

My X Ray swallows

My innards as I eat stuff. Unfortunately, the X-Rays did not give me any sort of super-powers.

8:42

Sticky tape X-rays: by Nature Video

Sticky tape X-rays: by Nature Video

Sticky tape X-rays: by Nature Video

Peeling sticky tape emits energy that extends into the X-ray regime, reports a study in Nature. The research provides evidence for a phenomenon that was first observed more than 50 years ago.
It is well known that unwinding sticky tape produces sparks of light that can easily be seen by the naked eye in a dark room. This phenomenon, known as triboluminescence, is produced by the friction generated when two contacting surfaces move relative to each other.

16:57

How to Interpret a Chest X-Ray (Lesson 7 - Diffuse Lung Processes)

How to Interpret a Chest X-Ray (Lesson 7 - Diffuse Lung Processes)

How to Interpret a Chest X-Ray (Lesson 7 - Diffuse Lung Processes)

An explanation of alveolar vs. interstitial opacities, including cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and the 3 types of interstitial patterns (reticular, nodular, and reticulonodular). Examples provided of air bronchograms, peribroncial cuffing, Kerley A and B lines, and cephalization. Etiologies of low lung volumes and hyperinflation are also discussed.
Video includes the following image (among others):
Cephalization, downloaded from Radiopaedia.org, originally posted by Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu.
Sources for other images may include Wikimedia Commons, radiologypics.com, and JoseCaceras' wonderful radiology blog: CaceresCorner (http://blog.myesr.org/category/caceres-corner/)

How Dangerous Are X-Rays?

RSVP to our hangout with AsapSCIENCE and It’sOkayTo BeSmart: http://dne.ws/1adOvhs
Have you ever gotten an x-ray? How safe are they, and should you be worried about possible negative side effects?
Read More:
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum1.html
"The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation."
The Centenary of Radiology
http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=4693
"The discovery of x-rays in 1895 and radioactivity in 1896, initiated an era of most extensive and intensive research in the history of human civilization into the nature of matter and energy and the interactions between them."
Early victims of X-rays: a tribute and current perception
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3520298/
"X-rays were discovered in 1895 and since then much has been written about Wilhelm Roentgen and the events surrounding the discovery. However, there have been only scattered references in the literature about the early workers who dedicated their life, and death, to X-rays."
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1:29

How Do X-rays Work?

How Do X-rays Work?

How Do X-rays Work?

X-rays were one of the first forms of biomedical imaging and NIBIB's 60 Seconds of Science explain how they create those images of bones we all know well.
Music by longzijun 'Chillvolution.'
For more information on X-rays: http://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/x-rays
For NIBIB's CopyrightPolicy: http://www.nibib.nih.gov/policies#copyright

1896 The First X-Ray

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, X-rays

Quantum laser pointers brings you the infamous double slit experiment right in the palm of your hand. In 1801 English physicist Thomas Young performed this experiment to determine if light was a particle or a wave. A laser shines a coherent beam of light through a film disc containing two parallel slits. Light striking the wall behind the slits producers a classic interference pattern. This surprising result means light passes through the parallel slits not as particles but as waves. When the peaks of two waves overlap it creates a band of light. When the peak of one wave meets the valley of another, light is cancelled out. Variations of this experiment spurred public debates between Albert Einstein and Neils Bohr on the true nature of reality. It’s been called the granddaddy of a...

published: 21 Nov 2016

Understand X - Ray and how they are produced

X - Rays
A German scientist Roentgen accidentally discovered X - rays in 1895
Dr. William Coolidge, in 1913, designed a tube for the production of X - rays
This tube consist of evacuated discharge tube. There is a tungsten filament fuse to one of the sides of the tube as shown here. The tungsten filament is coated with barium oxide to get a corpus supply of the electrons. The filament is heated with the help of the dc circuits. The dc circuits consists of the battery, rheostat and a ammeter. There is a hollow molybdenum cylinder. This cylinder which is referred to cylindrical shield is maintained as a negative potential so that it focuses electrons emitted by the filament on to the anode. The tungsten block is used as the anode and it is held at a angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal. Th...

published: 27 Oct 2014

How X-rays see through your skin - Ge Wang

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-x-rays-see-through-your-skin-ge-wang
Originally discovered by accident, X-rays are now used about 100 million times a year in clinics around the world. How do these magic eyes work? Ge Wang details the history and mechanics of the X-ray machine and CT scanners.
Lesson by Ge Wang, animation by PinkKong Studios.

published: 22 Jun 2015

28th December 1895: Wilhelm Röntgen publishes his discovery of X-rays

Röntgen was experimenting with vacuum tubes at the University of Würzburg when he discovered the new ‘invisible light’ on 8 November1895. Although his lab notes were burned after his death in 1923, Röntgen’s biographers describe him noticing a faint glow from a screen covered in fluorescent material about a metre away from his apparatus. This was despite the vacuum tube itself being covered with black cardboard that stopped all visible light.
Having reasoned that the tube itself must be giving off these invisible rays, Röntgen conducted a series of experiments over the next few weeks in which he found that they could pass through certain objects but not others. Due to his uncertainty over the exact nature of the new rays, he adopted the mathematical designation ‘X’ to reflect their myste...

published: 28 Dec 2017

The Discovery of X-Rays

This video is a documentary about the discovery of x-rays by Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. It is intended for educational instruction of radiologic technology students and educators.

published: 04 Dec 2015

Roentgenfilm I (1936)

This silent German film features cineradiography of x-rays of eating, drinking and digestion. It was made by Professor Dr Robert Janker, a pioneer in radiological diagnostics of skeletal systems, x-ray photograph technology, luminescent screen photography, x-ray cineradiography and radiotherapy. He worked on developing electronic image enhancement, x-ray television and mass x-ray screening. Find out more: http://catalogue.wellcomelibrary.org/record=b2045411~S3.

published: 18 Feb 2014

X-Rays: "Taking the X out of X-Rays" circa 1940s General Electric 9min

more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/
"Demystifies X-rays and radiation."
NEWVERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTDFHJGN_Mw
Public domain film from the Library of CongressPrelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray
X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1...

My X Ray swallows

My innards as I eat stuff. Unfortunately, the X-Rays did not give me any sort of super-powers.

published: 11 Sep 2009

Sticky tape X-rays: by Nature Video

Peeling sticky tape emits energy that extends into the X-ray regime, reports a study in Nature. The research provides evidence for a phenomenon that was first observed more than 50 years ago.
It is well known that unwinding sticky tape produces sparks of light that can easily be seen by the naked eye in a dark room. This phenomenon, known as triboluminescence, is produced by the friction generated when two contacting surfaces move relative to each other.

published: 28 Jan 2009

How to Interpret a Chest X-Ray (Lesson 7 - Diffuse Lung Processes)

An explanation of alveolar vs. interstitial opacities, including cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and the 3 types of interstitial patterns (reticular, nodular, and reticulonodular). Examples provided of air bronchograms, peribroncial cuffing, Kerley A and B lines, and cephalization. Etiologies of low lung volumes and hyperinflation are also discussed.
Video includes the following image (among others):
Cephalization, downloaded from Radiopaedia.org, originally posted by Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu.
Sources for other images may include Wikimedia Commons, radiologypics.com, and JoseCaceras' wonderful radiology blog: CaceresCorner (http://blog.myesr.org/category/caceres-corner/)

How Dangerous Are X-Rays?

RSVP to our hangout with AsapSCIENCE and It’sOkayTo BeSmart: http://dne.ws/1adOvhs
Have you ever gotten an x-ray? How safe are they, and should you be worried about possible negative side effects?
Read More:
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum1.html
"The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation."
The Centenary of Radiology
http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=4693
"The discovery of x-rays in 1895 and radioactivity in 1896, initiated an era of most extensive and intensive research in the history of human civilization into the nature of matter and energy and the interactions between them."
Early victims of X-rays: a tribute and current perception
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/P...

published: 09 Apr 2015

How Do X-rays Work?

X-rays were one of the first forms of biomedical imaging and NIBIB's 60 Seconds of Science explain how they create those images of bones we all know well.
Music by longzijun 'Chillvolution.'
For more information on X-rays: http://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/x-rays
For NIBIB's CopyrightPolicy: http://www.nibib.nih.gov/policies#copyright

1896 The First X-Ray

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, X-rays

Quantum laser pointers brings you the infamous double slit experiment right in the palm of your hand. In 1801 English physicist Thomas Young performed this exp...

Quantum laser pointers brings you the infamous double slit experiment right in the palm of your hand. In 1801 English physicist Thomas Young performed this experiment to determine if light was a particle or a wave. A laser shines a coherent beam of light through a film disc containing two parallel slits. Light striking the wall behind the slits producers a classic interference pattern. This surprising result means light passes through the parallel slits not as particles but as waves. When the peaks of two waves overlap it creates a band of light. When the peak of one wave meets the valley of another, light is cancelled out. Variations of this experiment spurred public debates between Albert Einstein and Neils Bohr on the true nature of reality. It’s been called the granddaddy of all quantum weirdness. This convenient and affordable double slit laser was designed for personal enjoyment and education.

Quantum laser pointers brings you the infamous double slit experiment right in the palm of your hand. In 1801 English physicist Thomas Young performed this experiment to determine if light was a particle or a wave. A laser shines a coherent beam of light through a film disc containing two parallel slits. Light striking the wall behind the slits producers a classic interference pattern. This surprising result means light passes through the parallel slits not as particles but as waves. When the peaks of two waves overlap it creates a band of light. When the peak of one wave meets the valley of another, light is cancelled out. Variations of this experiment spurred public debates between Albert Einstein and Neils Bohr on the true nature of reality. It’s been called the granddaddy of all quantum weirdness. This convenient and affordable double slit laser was designed for personal enjoyment and education.

X - Rays
A German scientist Roentgen accidentally discovered X - rays in 1895
Dr. William Coolidge, in 1913, designed a tube for the production of X - rays
This tube consist of evacuated discharge tube. There is a tungsten filament fuse to one of the sides of the tube as shown here. The tungsten filament is coated with barium oxide to get a corpus supply of the electrons. The filament is heated with the help of the dc circuits. The dc circuits consists of the battery, rheostat and a ammeter. There is a hollow molybdenum cylinder. This cylinder which is referred to cylindrical shield is maintained as a negative potential so that it focuses electrons emitted by the filament on to the anode. The tungsten block is used as the anode and it is held at a angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal. The anode is embedded in the copper block and is connected to the copper rod. There is an arrangement to cool the copper rod. The anode and cathode are connected with the positive and negative terminals of the high tensions supply.
Let us now see how x rays are produced
Filament is heated by passing a suitable current through it. The filaments and its electrons. The cylindrical sheet helps in focusing the electrons emitted from the filament on to the point on the anode. The negative charge on the cylindrical sheet forces the electrons to converge at a point on a anode. The electrons strike the anode with a large amount of kinetic energy. The major part of the energy of the incident electrons gets converted into heat and remaining part appears in the forms of x-rays.
The wavelength of x - rays is given by the relation : lambda is equal to ch by ev
Where
Lambda is the wavelength of x - rays
c is the velocity of light
h is the Planck's constant
e is the charge of the electron
v is the potential difference between the cathode and anode
Applications of x - rays
X - rays are used in the field of medicine for diagnosis and cure
To detect flaws, cracks and air bubbles in certain finished goods like aero planes, cars and trains.
To differentiate between real and fake diamonds
To study the structure of crystals
X - rays are also used as metal detectors

X - Rays
A German scientist Roentgen accidentally discovered X - rays in 1895
Dr. William Coolidge, in 1913, designed a tube for the production of X - rays
This tube consist of evacuated discharge tube. There is a tungsten filament fuse to one of the sides of the tube as shown here. The tungsten filament is coated with barium oxide to get a corpus supply of the electrons. The filament is heated with the help of the dc circuits. The dc circuits consists of the battery, rheostat and a ammeter. There is a hollow molybdenum cylinder. This cylinder which is referred to cylindrical shield is maintained as a negative potential so that it focuses electrons emitted by the filament on to the anode. The tungsten block is used as the anode and it is held at a angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal. The anode is embedded in the copper block and is connected to the copper rod. There is an arrangement to cool the copper rod. The anode and cathode are connected with the positive and negative terminals of the high tensions supply.
Let us now see how x rays are produced
Filament is heated by passing a suitable current through it. The filaments and its electrons. The cylindrical sheet helps in focusing the electrons emitted from the filament on to the point on the anode. The negative charge on the cylindrical sheet forces the electrons to converge at a point on a anode. The electrons strike the anode with a large amount of kinetic energy. The major part of the energy of the incident electrons gets converted into heat and remaining part appears in the forms of x-rays.
The wavelength of x - rays is given by the relation : lambda is equal to ch by ev
Where
Lambda is the wavelength of x - rays
c is the velocity of light
h is the Planck's constant
e is the charge of the electron
v is the potential difference between the cathode and anode
Applications of x - rays
X - rays are used in the field of medicine for diagnosis and cure
To detect flaws, cracks and air bubbles in certain finished goods like aero planes, cars and trains.
To differentiate between real and fake diamonds
To study the structure of crystals
X - rays are also used as metal detectors

How X-rays see through your skin - Ge Wang

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-x-rays-see-through-your-skin-ge-wang
Originally discovered by accident, X-rays are now used about 100 million t...

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-x-rays-see-through-your-skin-ge-wang
Originally discovered by accident, X-rays are now used about 100 million times a year in clinics around the world. How do these magic eyes work? Ge Wang details the history and mechanics of the X-ray machine and CT scanners.
Lesson by Ge Wang, animation by PinkKong Studios.

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-x-rays-see-through-your-skin-ge-wang
Originally discovered by accident, X-rays are now used about 100 million times a year in clinics around the world. How do these magic eyes work? Ge Wang details the history and mechanics of the X-ray machine and CT scanners.
Lesson by Ge Wang, animation by PinkKong Studios.

Röntgen was experimenting with vacuum tubes at the University of Würzburg when he discovered the new ‘invisible light’ on 8 November1895. Although his lab notes were burned after his death in 1923, Röntgen’s biographers describe him noticing a faint glow from a screen covered in fluorescent material about a metre away from his apparatus. This was despite the vacuum tube itself being covered with black cardboard that stopped all visible light.
Having reasoned that the tube itself must be giving off these invisible rays, Röntgen conducted a series of experiments over the next few weeks in which he found that they could pass through certain objects but not others. Due to his uncertainty over the exact nature of the new rays, he adopted the mathematical designation ‘X’ to reflect their mysterious nature.
As his experiments continued, Röntgen began to notice that the rays were able to penetrate the soft tissues in his body but were stopped by bone. After subsequently replacing the fluorescent screen with a photographic plate he made the first ever X-ray image clearly showing the bones of his wife Bertha’s hand and her wedding ring. On seeing the image she is said to have remarked, ‘I have seen my death.’
Röntgen published the paper “On a New Kind Of Rays” on 28 December 1895, and news of his discovery spread quickly. Within a year X-rays were being used as far away as the United States as both a diagnostic tool and for treating cancers. Röntgen refused to take out a patent on X-rays in order to allow the entire world to benefit from them but was awarded the first ever Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

Röntgen was experimenting with vacuum tubes at the University of Würzburg when he discovered the new ‘invisible light’ on 8 November1895. Although his lab notes were burned after his death in 1923, Röntgen’s biographers describe him noticing a faint glow from a screen covered in fluorescent material about a metre away from his apparatus. This was despite the vacuum tube itself being covered with black cardboard that stopped all visible light.
Having reasoned that the tube itself must be giving off these invisible rays, Röntgen conducted a series of experiments over the next few weeks in which he found that they could pass through certain objects but not others. Due to his uncertainty over the exact nature of the new rays, he adopted the mathematical designation ‘X’ to reflect their mysterious nature.
As his experiments continued, Röntgen began to notice that the rays were able to penetrate the soft tissues in his body but were stopped by bone. After subsequently replacing the fluorescent screen with a photographic plate he made the first ever X-ray image clearly showing the bones of his wife Bertha’s hand and her wedding ring. On seeing the image she is said to have remarked, ‘I have seen my death.’
Röntgen published the paper “On a New Kind Of Rays” on 28 December 1895, and news of his discovery spread quickly. Within a year X-rays were being used as far away as the United States as both a diagnostic tool and for treating cancers. Röntgen refused to take out a patent on X-rays in order to allow the entire world to benefit from them but was awarded the first ever Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

Roentgenfilm I (1936)

This silent German film features cineradiography of x-rays of eating, drinking and digestion. It was made by Professor Dr Robert Janker, a pioneer in radiologic...

This silent German film features cineradiography of x-rays of eating, drinking and digestion. It was made by Professor Dr Robert Janker, a pioneer in radiological diagnostics of skeletal systems, x-ray photograph technology, luminescent screen photography, x-ray cineradiography and radiotherapy. He worked on developing electronic image enhancement, x-ray television and mass x-ray screening. Find out more: http://catalogue.wellcomelibrary.org/record=b2045411~S3.

This silent German film features cineradiography of x-rays of eating, drinking and digestion. It was made by Professor Dr Robert Janker, a pioneer in radiological diagnostics of skeletal systems, x-ray photograph technology, luminescent screen photography, x-ray cineradiography and radiotherapy. He worked on developing electronic image enhancement, x-ray television and mass x-ray screening. Find out more: http://catalogue.wellcomelibrary.org/record=b2045411~S3.

more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/
"Demystifies X-rays and radiation."
NEWVERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTDFHJGN_Mw
Public domain film from the Library of CongressPrelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray
X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is called Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Correct spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s) and X ray(s). XRAY is used as the phonetic pronunciation for the letter x.
X-rays up to about 10 keV (10 to 0.10 nm wavelength) are classified as "soft" X-rays, and from about 10 to 120 keV (0.10 to 0.01 nm wavelength) as "hard" X-rays, due to their penetrating abilities.
Hard X-rays can penetrate some solids and liquids, and all uncompressed gases, and their most common use is to image of the inside of objects in diagnostic radiography and crystallography. As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. By contrast, soft X-rays hardly penetrate matter at all; the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2 nm) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer.
The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays has changed in recent decades. Originally, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by X-ray tubes had a longer wavelength than the radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei (gamma rays). Older literature distinguished between X- and gamma radiation on the basis of wavelength, with radiation shorter than some arbitrary wavelength, such as 10−11 m, defined as gamma rays. However, as shorter wavelength continuous spectrum "X-ray" sources such as linear accelerators and longer wavelength "gamma ray" emitters were discovered, the wavelength bands largely overlapped... X-rays are emitted by electrons outside the nucleus, while gamma rays are emitted by the nucleus. However, like all electromagnetic radiation, the properties of X-rays (or gamma rays) depend only on their wavelength and polarization...
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen is usually credited as the discoverer of X-rays because he was the first to systematically study them, though he is not the first to have observed their effects. He is also the one who gave them the name "X-rays", though many referred to these as "Röntgen rays" (and the associated X-ray radiograms as, "Röntgenograms") for several decades after their discovery and to this day in some languages, including Röntgen's native German, though "X-ray" overtook popular usage in English by 1980.
X-rays were found emanating from Crookes tubes, experimental discharge tubes invented around 1875, by scientists investigating the cathode rays, that is energetic electron beams, that were first created in the tubes. Crookes tubes created free electrons by ionization of the residual air in the tube by a high DC voltage of anywhere between a few kilovolts and 100 kV. This voltage accelerated the electrons coming from the cathode to a high enough velocity that they created X-rays when they struck the anode or the glass wall of the tube. Many of the early Crookes tubes undoubtedly radiated X-rays, because early researchers noticed effects that were attributable to them, as detailed below. Wilhelm Röntgen was the first to systematically study them, in 1895.
The important early researchers in X-rays were Nikola Tesla, Ivan Pulyui, William Crookes, Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, Eugen Goldstein, Heinrich Hertz, Philipp Lenard, Hermann von Helmholtz, Thomas Edison, Charles Glover Barkla, Max von Laue, and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D._Coolidge
William David Coolidge (October 23, 1873 -- February 3, 1975) was an American physicist, who made major contributions to X-ray machines. He was the director of the General Electric Research Laboratory... famous for the invention of "ductile tungsten", which is important for the incandescent light bulb...
In 1913 he invented the Coolidge tube, an X-ray tube with an improved cathode for use in X-ray machines that allowed for more intense visualization of deep-seated anatomy and tumors...

more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/
"Demystifies X-rays and radiation."
NEWVERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTDFHJGN_Mw
Public domain film from the Library of CongressPrelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray
X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is called Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Correct spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s) and X ray(s). XRAY is used as the phonetic pronunciation for the letter x.
X-rays up to about 10 keV (10 to 0.10 nm wavelength) are classified as "soft" X-rays, and from about 10 to 120 keV (0.10 to 0.01 nm wavelength) as "hard" X-rays, due to their penetrating abilities.
Hard X-rays can penetrate some solids and liquids, and all uncompressed gases, and their most common use is to image of the inside of objects in diagnostic radiography and crystallography. As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. By contrast, soft X-rays hardly penetrate matter at all; the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2 nm) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer.
The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays has changed in recent decades. Originally, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by X-ray tubes had a longer wavelength than the radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei (gamma rays). Older literature distinguished between X- and gamma radiation on the basis of wavelength, with radiation shorter than some arbitrary wavelength, such as 10−11 m, defined as gamma rays. However, as shorter wavelength continuous spectrum "X-ray" sources such as linear accelerators and longer wavelength "gamma ray" emitters were discovered, the wavelength bands largely overlapped... X-rays are emitted by electrons outside the nucleus, while gamma rays are emitted by the nucleus. However, like all electromagnetic radiation, the properties of X-rays (or gamma rays) depend only on their wavelength and polarization...
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen is usually credited as the discoverer of X-rays because he was the first to systematically study them, though he is not the first to have observed their effects. He is also the one who gave them the name "X-rays", though many referred to these as "Röntgen rays" (and the associated X-ray radiograms as, "Röntgenograms") for several decades after their discovery and to this day in some languages, including Röntgen's native German, though "X-ray" overtook popular usage in English by 1980.
X-rays were found emanating from Crookes tubes, experimental discharge tubes invented around 1875, by scientists investigating the cathode rays, that is energetic electron beams, that were first created in the tubes. Crookes tubes created free electrons by ionization of the residual air in the tube by a high DC voltage of anywhere between a few kilovolts and 100 kV. This voltage accelerated the electrons coming from the cathode to a high enough velocity that they created X-rays when they struck the anode or the glass wall of the tube. Many of the early Crookes tubes undoubtedly radiated X-rays, because early researchers noticed effects that were attributable to them, as detailed below. Wilhelm Röntgen was the first to systematically study them, in 1895.
The important early researchers in X-rays were Nikola Tesla, Ivan Pulyui, William Crookes, Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, Eugen Goldstein, Heinrich Hertz, Philipp Lenard, Hermann von Helmholtz, Thomas Edison, Charles Glover Barkla, Max von Laue, and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D._Coolidge
William David Coolidge (October 23, 1873 -- February 3, 1975) was an American physicist, who made major contributions to X-ray machines. He was the director of the General Electric Research Laboratory... famous for the invention of "ductile tungsten", which is important for the incandescent light bulb...
In 1913 he invented the Coolidge tube, an X-ray tube with an improved cathode for use in X-ray machines that allowed for more intense visualization of deep-seated anatomy and tumors...

Great Moments in Science and Technology here: The viewer gains an insight into both .
Röntgen - a bright spark 2010WinnerSleek GeeksEureka Prize The documentary focuses on the history of X-Ray technology and re-enacts the discovery of X-ray.
GermanPhysicistWilhelm Conrad Röntgen - X-Ray Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 -- 10 February 1923) was a German physicist who, on 8 November1895, pr.
This Milestones of Science episode deals with the issue of - X-Rays and is dedicated to it's artificer Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.
more at Demystifies X-rays and radiation. Public domain film from the Library of CongressPrelinger Archive, slightly croppe.
more at How the X-ray works and its use in police work, surgery, industrial engineering and automobile manufacturing. Public.
Also known as 'The X-Ray Fiend', this comedy by G.A.Smith combines two very recent innovations: Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895, and Georges .
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen of Germany was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics. His X-rays have continued to transform fields from astronomy to cell biochemi.
Wilhelm Röntgen 1845 - 1923 Wilhelm Röntgen won a Nobel Prize in Physics after producing and detecting what later became known as X.
For the first episode of the series, we go all the way back to 1901 and meet the very first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. Ima.
Greatest Medical Discoveries: X-rays (1895) Wilhelm Roentgen discovers X-rays as he conducts experiments with the radiation from cathode rays (electrons). He.
In November of 1895, WilhelmConradRontgen, a physics professor changed the course of medical science forever with an accidental discovery of X-rays.
From the GE MovieCatalog: Dr. William D, Coolidge, General Electric scientist and inventor of the hot-cathode x-ray tube, explains in this film how x-rays ..
A MechanicalIcon film.
Röntgen-Strahlen sind aus der Medizin seit langem nicht mehr wegzudenken. Aber auch andere Disziplinen wie Material-Prüfung, Archäologie oder Astronomie würd.
A Short Narrative Based Upon W.C R.
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Röntgen also spelled Roentgen (born March 27, 1845, Lennep, Prussia [now Remscheid, Germany]—.
In 1895 German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered rays which he didn't know much about, so he called them X-Rays. One of the best known applications for th.
video for embedding at The classic nuclear energy animated film produced in 1952 by General Electric. This is the same public domain f.
This is an animated short I created for The American Roentgen Ray Society's Annual Meeting in 2008!
X-Rays have been in use as a medical imaging technique since approximately 1895 when Wilhelm Roentgen concluded that he was able to make photos of body struc.
This is a recreation of the great x-ray discovery by German Physicist Wilhelm Roentgen on November 8th, 1895. I used a phantom skull, intensifying screen (tu.
With animations generated with the VOXEL-MAN visualization system ( ), the video shows the development of the X-ray technique.It was crea.
On December 28, 1895, the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen announced he had discovered rays which he called X. With these rays, we can see inside obje.
European inventions and Discoveries all videos: History of the Microsco.

Great Moments in Science and Technology here: The viewer gains an insight into both .
Röntgen - a bright spark 2010WinnerSleek GeeksEureka Prize The documentary focuses on the history of X-Ray technology and re-enacts the discovery of X-ray.
GermanPhysicistWilhelm Conrad Röntgen - X-Ray Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 -- 10 February 1923) was a German physicist who, on 8 November1895, pr.
This Milestones of Science episode deals with the issue of - X-Rays and is dedicated to it's artificer Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.
more at Demystifies X-rays and radiation. Public domain film from the Library of CongressPrelinger Archive, slightly croppe.
more at How the X-ray works and its use in police work, surgery, industrial engineering and automobile manufacturing. Public.
Also known as 'The X-Ray Fiend', this comedy by G.A.Smith combines two very recent innovations: Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895, and Georges .
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen of Germany was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics. His X-rays have continued to transform fields from astronomy to cell biochemi.
Wilhelm Röntgen 1845 - 1923 Wilhelm Röntgen won a Nobel Prize in Physics after producing and detecting what later became known as X.
For the first episode of the series, we go all the way back to 1901 and meet the very first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. Ima.
Greatest Medical Discoveries: X-rays (1895) Wilhelm Roentgen discovers X-rays as he conducts experiments with the radiation from cathode rays (electrons). He.
In November of 1895, WilhelmConradRontgen, a physics professor changed the course of medical science forever with an accidental discovery of X-rays.
From the GE MovieCatalog: Dr. William D, Coolidge, General Electric scientist and inventor of the hot-cathode x-ray tube, explains in this film how x-rays ..
A MechanicalIcon film.
Röntgen-Strahlen sind aus der Medizin seit langem nicht mehr wegzudenken. Aber auch andere Disziplinen wie Material-Prüfung, Archäologie oder Astronomie würd.
A Short Narrative Based Upon W.C R.
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Röntgen also spelled Roentgen (born March 27, 1845, Lennep, Prussia [now Remscheid, Germany]—.
In 1895 German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered rays which he didn't know much about, so he called them X-Rays. One of the best known applications for th.
video for embedding at The classic nuclear energy animated film produced in 1952 by General Electric. This is the same public domain f.
This is an animated short I created for The American Roentgen Ray Society's Annual Meeting in 2008!
X-Rays have been in use as a medical imaging technique since approximately 1895 when Wilhelm Roentgen concluded that he was able to make photos of body struc.
This is a recreation of the great x-ray discovery by German Physicist Wilhelm Roentgen on November 8th, 1895. I used a phantom skull, intensifying screen (tu.
With animations generated with the VOXEL-MAN visualization system ( ), the video shows the development of the X-ray technique.It was crea.
On December 28, 1895, the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen announced he had discovered rays which he called X. With these rays, we can see inside obje.
European inventions and Discoveries all videos: History of the Microsco.

Peeling sticky tape emits energy that extends into the X-ray regime, reports a study in Nature. The research provides evidence for a phenomenon that was first observed more than 50 years ago.
It is well known that unwinding sticky tape produces sparks of light that can easily be seen by the naked eye in a dark room. This phenomenon, known as triboluminescence, is produced by the friction generated when two contacting surfaces move relative to each other.

Peeling sticky tape emits energy that extends into the X-ray regime, reports a study in Nature. The research provides evidence for a phenomenon that was first observed more than 50 years ago.
It is well known that unwinding sticky tape produces sparks of light that can easily be seen by the naked eye in a dark room. This phenomenon, known as triboluminescence, is produced by the friction generated when two contacting surfaces move relative to each other.

How to Interpret a Chest X-Ray (Lesson 7 - Diffuse Lung Processes)

An explanation of alveolar vs. interstitial opacities, including cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and the 3 types of interstitial patterns (reti...

An explanation of alveolar vs. interstitial opacities, including cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and the 3 types of interstitial patterns (reticular, nodular, and reticulonodular). Examples provided of air bronchograms, peribroncial cuffing, Kerley A and B lines, and cephalization. Etiologies of low lung volumes and hyperinflation are also discussed.
Video includes the following image (among others):
Cephalization, downloaded from Radiopaedia.org, originally posted by Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu.
Sources for other images may include Wikimedia Commons, radiologypics.com, and JoseCaceras' wonderful radiology blog: CaceresCorner (http://blog.myesr.org/category/caceres-corner/)

An explanation of alveolar vs. interstitial opacities, including cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and the 3 types of interstitial patterns (reticular, nodular, and reticulonodular). Examples provided of air bronchograms, peribroncial cuffing, Kerley A and B lines, and cephalization. Etiologies of low lung volumes and hyperinflation are also discussed.
Video includes the following image (among others):
Cephalization, downloaded from Radiopaedia.org, originally posted by Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu.
Sources for other images may include Wikimedia Commons, radiologypics.com, and JoseCaceras' wonderful radiology blog: CaceresCorner (http://blog.myesr.org/category/caceres-corner/)

RSVP to our hangout with AsapSCIENCE and It’sOkayTo BeSmart: http://dne.ws/1adOvhs
Have you ever gotten an x-ray? How safe are they, and should you be worried about possible negative side effects?
Read More:
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum1.html
"The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation."
The Centenary of Radiology
http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=4693
"The discovery of x-rays in 1895 and radioactivity in 1896, initiated an era of most extensive and intensive research in the history of human civilization into the nature of matter and energy and the interactions between them."
Early victims of X-rays: a tribute and current perception
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3520298/
"X-rays were discovered in 1895 and since then much has been written about Wilhelm Roentgen and the events surrounding the discovery. However, there have been only scattered references in the literature about the early workers who dedicated their life, and death, to X-rays."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily.
Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
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Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq

RSVP to our hangout with AsapSCIENCE and It’sOkayTo BeSmart: http://dne.ws/1adOvhs
Have you ever gotten an x-ray? How safe are they, and should you be worried about possible negative side effects?
Read More:
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum1.html
"The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation."
The Centenary of Radiology
http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=4693
"The discovery of x-rays in 1895 and radioactivity in 1896, initiated an era of most extensive and intensive research in the history of human civilization into the nature of matter and energy and the interactions between them."
Early victims of X-rays: a tribute and current perception
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3520298/
"X-rays were discovered in 1895 and since then much has been written about Wilhelm Roentgen and the events surrounding the discovery. However, there have been only scattered references in the literature about the early workers who dedicated their life, and death, to X-rays."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos twice daily.
Watch More DNews on TestTube http://testtube.com/dnews
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
DNews on Twitter http://twitter.com/dnews
Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez
JuliaWilde on Twitter https://twitter.com/julia_sci
DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
DNews on Google+ http://gplus.to/dnews
Discovery News http://discoverynews.com
Download the TestTube App: http://testu.be/1ndmmMq

How Do X-rays Work?

X-rays were one of the first forms of biomedical imaging and NIBIB's 60 Seconds of Science explain how they create those images of bones we all know well.
Mus...

X-rays were one of the first forms of biomedical imaging and NIBIB's 60 Seconds of Science explain how they create those images of bones we all know well.
Music by longzijun 'Chillvolution.'
For more information on X-rays: http://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/x-rays
For NIBIB's CopyrightPolicy: http://www.nibib.nih.gov/policies#copyright

X-rays were one of the first forms of biomedical imaging and NIBIB's 60 Seconds of Science explain how they create those images of bones we all know well.
Music by longzijun 'Chillvolution.'
For more information on X-rays: http://www.nibib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/x-rays
For NIBIB's CopyrightPolicy: http://www.nibib.nih.gov/policies#copyright

Episode 1 - The man who had X-ray Vision (Wilhelm Röntgen, 1901)

For the first episode of the series, we go all the way back to 1901 and meet the very first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.
Image credits at http://66mmwide.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/stills-log-public.pdf
66s Long -- Hello and welcome! (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0FCLRU-dRcY)
66s Long - Episode 1: BonusClip One (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Cmnmaut6GI)
For medalsome viewers:
1. http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/grad/612/seliger_nov95.pdf
2. http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1901/rontgen-bio.html
3. http://www.fulviofrisone.com/attachments/article/438/Scientific%20American%20-%201995%20-%2011.pdf
4.
5. http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/grad/612/seliger_nov95.pdf
6. http://www.physics.rutgers.edu/grad/612/seliger_nov95.pdf
7. http:/...

making a miniature X ray tube

Here we make a miniature X ray tube from scratch. This tube is small, 1/2 inch in diameter and about 4 inches long. It is a fully functional X ray tube that can be used for all kinds of X ray experiments.

https://www.iitutor.com
We are familiar with shadows cast on a wall by an object and know that the shadow has the same shape as the object. However, if we look carefully, we will see that the edges of the shadow are a little fuzzy, that is, they are no perfectly sharp. This lack of sharply defined edges on the shadow is due to the phenomenon of diffraction. Diffraction refers to the spreading out of light waves around the edge of an object to when light passes through a small aperture. This is a part of physics syllabus, that is from ideas to implementation of science.
Young's double slit experiment showed that light does not travel past an object in straight lines, but spreads out around the object's edges as waves. These waves can interfere with each other as they spread out. This spre...

Nikola Tesla Interview Hidden For 116 Years - Incredible

Nikola Tesla is considered one of the most innovative and mysterious men who ever lived on Earth. He was a man way ahead of his time and is responsible for most of the technology we use today. In fact, if Tesla hadn’t invented and researched everything he did in his time, our technology today would be considerably worse.
Tesla’s inventions went far beyond electricity. He made groundbreaking discoveries such as wireless radio communications, turbine engines, helicopters (although it was Da Vinci who first had the idea), fluorescent and neon lights, torpedoes and the X-ray among others. By the time of his death, Tesla held nearly 700 worldwide patents.
In this this video we take a look at a very RARE interview, hidden for nearly 116 years.
Books about Nikola Tesla:
The Man WhoInvented the ...

published: 27 Jun 2017

röntgen teszt

Exploring with X-Rays, Part 1 - 1941

From the GE FilmCatalog: "This film shows how x-rays were discovered in a quiet university laboratory late in the nineteenth century, how they were produced with crude apparatus, how scientists all over the world experimented with them, and how they were welcomed by medicine. The picture then shows how today's new and more powerful equipment has been put to new uses in medicine, dentistry and industry.
"Dr. W. D.Coolidge, world-famous for his research in x-rays and for his development of x-ray tubes, explains what makes x-rays and how they are produced."

published: 02 Jul 2012

Periapical Radiography - Short Cone Bisecting Technique

Instructions are given for making the complete periapical examination of the adult dentition with the film positioned at an angle to the long axes of the teeth. Orig. air date: AUG 2 72
This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at:
http://open.umich.edu/education

making a miniature X ray tube

Here we make a miniature X ray tube from scratch. This tube is small, 1/2 inch in diameter and about 4 inches long. It is a fully functional X ray tube that can...

Here we make a miniature X ray tube from scratch. This tube is small, 1/2 inch in diameter and about 4 inches long. It is a fully functional X ray tube that can be used for all kinds of X ray experiments.

Here we make a miniature X ray tube from scratch. This tube is small, 1/2 inch in diameter and about 4 inches long. It is a fully functional X ray tube that can be used for all kinds of X ray experiments.

https://www.iitutor.com
We are familiar with shadows cast on a wall by an object and know that the shadow has the same shape as the object. However, if we look ...

https://www.iitutor.com
We are familiar with shadows cast on a wall by an object and know that the shadow has the same shape as the object. However, if we look carefully, we will see that the edges of the shadow are a little fuzzy, that is, they are no perfectly sharp. This lack of sharply defined edges on the shadow is due to the phenomenon of diffraction. Diffraction refers to the spreading out of light waves around the edge of an object to when light passes through a small aperture. This is a part of physics syllabus, that is from ideas to implementation of science.
Young's double slit experiment showed that light does not travel past an object in straight lines, but spreads out around the object's edges as waves. These waves can interfere with each other as they spread out. This spreading out of light that occurs around an object or when light is passing through a small aperture is called diffraction. It is pronounced when the waves have to travel different paths to a point some distance from the source and in doing so travel paths that have differences in length that approach either multiples of half or full wavelengths.
Diffraction is a property of all waves, including electromagnetic radiation. Diffraction effects increase as the physical dimension of the aperture approaches the wavelength of the waves. Diffraction of waves results in interference that produces dark and bright rings or spots. The precise nature of these effects is dependent on the geometry of the object causing the diffraction.
X-rays were discovered by Rontgen towards the end of the nineteenth century. A study of their nature revealed they were electromagnetic waves. Although similar to light and radio waves, X-rays were determined by experiment to have a wavelength much shorter than that of visible light. Within a short period, scientists studying these new electromagnetic waves were able to reliably produce X-rays of a specific frequency.
PD4411
http://youtu.be/mma4IEfYjqs

https://www.iitutor.com
We are familiar with shadows cast on a wall by an object and know that the shadow has the same shape as the object. However, if we look carefully, we will see that the edges of the shadow are a little fuzzy, that is, they are no perfectly sharp. This lack of sharply defined edges on the shadow is due to the phenomenon of diffraction. Diffraction refers to the spreading out of light waves around the edge of an object to when light passes through a small aperture. This is a part of physics syllabus, that is from ideas to implementation of science.
Young's double slit experiment showed that light does not travel past an object in straight lines, but spreads out around the object's edges as waves. These waves can interfere with each other as they spread out. This spreading out of light that occurs around an object or when light is passing through a small aperture is called diffraction. It is pronounced when the waves have to travel different paths to a point some distance from the source and in doing so travel paths that have differences in length that approach either multiples of half or full wavelengths.
Diffraction is a property of all waves, including electromagnetic radiation. Diffraction effects increase as the physical dimension of the aperture approaches the wavelength of the waves. Diffraction of waves results in interference that produces dark and bright rings or spots. The precise nature of these effects is dependent on the geometry of the object causing the diffraction.
X-rays were discovered by Rontgen towards the end of the nineteenth century. A study of their nature revealed they were electromagnetic waves. Although similar to light and radio waves, X-rays were determined by experiment to have a wavelength much shorter than that of visible light. Within a short period, scientists studying these new electromagnetic waves were able to reliably produce X-rays of a specific frequency.
PD4411
http://youtu.be/mma4IEfYjqs

Nikola Tesla Interview Hidden For 116 Years - Incredible

Nikola Tesla is considered one of the most innovative and mysterious men who ever lived on Earth. He was a man way ahead of his time and is responsible for most...

Nikola Tesla is considered one of the most innovative and mysterious men who ever lived on Earth. He was a man way ahead of his time and is responsible for most of the technology we use today. In fact, if Tesla hadn’t invented and researched everything he did in his time, our technology today would be considerably worse.
Tesla’s inventions went far beyond electricity. He made groundbreaking discoveries such as wireless radio communications, turbine engines, helicopters (although it was Da Vinci who first had the idea), fluorescent and neon lights, torpedoes and the X-ray among others. By the time of his death, Tesla held nearly 700 worldwide patents.
In this this video we take a look at a very RARE interview, hidden for nearly 116 years.
Books about Nikola Tesla:
The Man WhoInvented the Twentieth Century: Nikola Tesla - http://amzn.to/2s1SgjL (affiliate)
Nikola Tesla: The Man Who Harnessed Niagara Falls - http://amzn.to/2sRcNdN
Nikola Tesla: a Spark of Genius - http://amzn.to/2shvetG
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Nikola Tesla is considered one of the most innovative and mysterious men who ever lived on Earth. He was a man way ahead of his time and is responsible for most of the technology we use today. In fact, if Tesla hadn’t invented and researched everything he did in his time, our technology today would be considerably worse.
Tesla’s inventions went far beyond electricity. He made groundbreaking discoveries such as wireless radio communications, turbine engines, helicopters (although it was Da Vinci who first had the idea), fluorescent and neon lights, torpedoes and the X-ray among others. By the time of his death, Tesla held nearly 700 worldwide patents.
In this this video we take a look at a very RARE interview, hidden for nearly 116 years.
Books about Nikola Tesla:
The Man WhoInvented the Twentieth Century: Nikola Tesla - http://amzn.to/2s1SgjL (affiliate)
Nikola Tesla: The Man Who Harnessed Niagara Falls - http://amzn.to/2sRcNdN
Nikola Tesla: a Spark of Genius - http://amzn.to/2shvetG
💜 Subscribe and like if you enjoyed the video. Thank you 💜
Join our SpiritualKingdom on:
🌺 FacebookPage: https://www.facebook.com/universalloving
🌺 Facebook Group: https://www.facebook.com/1838011499853618/
🌺 Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/0/+UniverseInsideYou
🌺 Twitter: https://twitter.com/universeinsideu
🌺 Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/spiritualkingdom/
🌐If you wish to support my work and help me: https://www.paypal.me/UniverseInsideYou I would be forever grateful
🙏💗
You can help by translating or adding CC to the videos: http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?tab=2&c=UCOnnmKlDZltHAqJLz-XIpGA
💫 Videos on #spirituality, #consciousness, #meditation, #mindfulness and much more. Let's expand our #esoteric, #psychological, #philosophical and #extraterrestrial knowledge together.
Subscribe to UniverseInside You 💫

Exploring with X-Rays, Part 1 - 1941

From the GE FilmCatalog: "This film shows how x-rays were discovered in a quiet university laboratory late in the nineteenth century, how they were produced wi...

From the GE FilmCatalog: "This film shows how x-rays were discovered in a quiet university laboratory late in the nineteenth century, how they were produced with crude apparatus, how scientists all over the world experimented with them, and how they were welcomed by medicine. The picture then shows how today's new and more powerful equipment has been put to new uses in medicine, dentistry and industry.
"Dr. W. D.Coolidge, world-famous for his research in x-rays and for his development of x-ray tubes, explains what makes x-rays and how they are produced."

From the GE FilmCatalog: "This film shows how x-rays were discovered in a quiet university laboratory late in the nineteenth century, how they were produced with crude apparatus, how scientists all over the world experimented with them, and how they were welcomed by medicine. The picture then shows how today's new and more powerful equipment has been put to new uses in medicine, dentistry and industry.
"Dr. W. D.Coolidge, world-famous for his research in x-rays and for his development of x-ray tubes, explains what makes x-rays and how they are produced."

Periapical Radiography - Short Cone Bisecting Technique

Instructions are given for making the complete periapical examination of the adult dentition with the film positioned at an angle to the long axes of the teeth....

Instructions are given for making the complete periapical examination of the adult dentition with the film positioned at an angle to the long axes of the teeth. Orig. air date: AUG 2 72
This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at:
http://open.umich.edu/education

Instructions are given for making the complete periapical examination of the adult dentition with the film positioned at an angle to the long axes of the teeth. Orig. air date: AUG 2 72
This is part of the Open.Michigan collection at:
http://open.umich.edu/education

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, X-rays

Quantum laser pointers brings you the infamous double slit experiment right in the palm of your hand. In 1801 English physicist Thomas Young performed this experiment to determine if light was a particle or a wave. A laser shines a coherent beam of light through a film disc containing two parallel slits. Light striking the wall behind the slits producers a classic interference pattern. This surprising result means light passes through the parallel slits not as particles but as waves. When the peaks of two waves overlap it creates a band of light. When the peak of one wave meets the valley of another, light is cancelled out. Variations of this experiment spurred public debates between Albert Einstein and Neils Bohr on the true nature of reality. It’s been called the granddaddy of all quantum weirdness. This convenient and affordable double slit laser was designed for personal enjoyment and education.

Understand X - Ray and how they are produced

X - Rays
A German scientist Roentgen accidentally discovered X - rays in 1895
Dr. William Coolidge, in 1913, designed a tube for the production of X - rays
This tube consist of evacuated discharge tube. There is a tungsten filament fuse to one of the sides of the tube as shown here. The tungsten filament is coated with barium oxide to get a corpus supply of the electrons. The filament is heated with the help of the dc circuits. The dc circuits consists of the battery, rheostat and a ammeter. There is a hollow molybdenum cylinder. This cylinder which is referred to cylindrical shield is maintained as a negative potential so that it focuses electrons emitted by the filament on to the anode. The tungsten block is used as the anode and it is held at a angle of 45 degrees to the horizontal. The anode is embedded in the copper block and is connected to the copper rod. There is an arrangement to cool the copper rod. The anode and cathode are connected with the positive and negative terminals of the high tensions supply.
Let us now see how x rays are produced
Filament is heated by passing a suitable current through it. The filaments and its electrons. The cylindrical sheet helps in focusing the electrons emitted from the filament on to the point on the anode. The negative charge on the cylindrical sheet forces the electrons to converge at a point on a anode. The electrons strike the anode with a large amount of kinetic energy. The major part of the energy of the incident electrons gets converted into heat and remaining part appears in the forms of x-rays.
The wavelength of x - rays is given by the relation : lambda is equal to ch by ev
Where
Lambda is the wavelength of x - rays
c is the velocity of light
h is the Planck's constant
e is the charge of the electron
v is the potential difference between the cathode and anode
Applications of x - rays
X - rays are used in the field of medicine for diagnosis and cure
To detect flaws, cracks and air bubbles in certain finished goods like aero planes, cars and trains.
To differentiate between real and fake diamonds
To study the structure of crystals
X - rays are also used as metal detectors

How X-rays see through your skin - Ge Wang

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-x-rays-see-through-your-skin-ge-wang
Originally discovered by accident, X-rays are now used about 100 million times a year in clinics around the world. How do these magic eyes work? Ge Wang details the history and mechanics of the X-ray machine and CT scanners.
Lesson by Ge Wang, animation by PinkKong Studios.

3:09

28th December 1895: Wilhelm Röntgen publishes his discovery of X-rays

Röntgen was experimenting with vacuum tubes at the University of Würzburg when he discover...

28th December 1895: Wilhelm Röntgen publishes his discovery of X-rays

Röntgen was experimenting with vacuum tubes at the University of Würzburg when he discovered the new ‘invisible light’ on 8 November1895. Although his lab notes were burned after his death in 1923, Röntgen’s biographers describe him noticing a faint glow from a screen covered in fluorescent material about a metre away from his apparatus. This was despite the vacuum tube itself being covered with black cardboard that stopped all visible light.
Having reasoned that the tube itself must be giving off these invisible rays, Röntgen conducted a series of experiments over the next few weeks in which he found that they could pass through certain objects but not others. Due to his uncertainty over the exact nature of the new rays, he adopted the mathematical designation ‘X’ to reflect their mysterious nature.
As his experiments continued, Röntgen began to notice that the rays were able to penetrate the soft tissues in his body but were stopped by bone. After subsequently replacing the fluorescent screen with a photographic plate he made the first ever X-ray image clearly showing the bones of his wife Bertha’s hand and her wedding ring. On seeing the image she is said to have remarked, ‘I have seen my death.’
Röntgen published the paper “On a New Kind Of Rays” on 28 December 1895, and news of his discovery spread quickly. Within a year X-rays were being used as far away as the United States as both a diagnostic tool and for treating cancers. Röntgen refused to take out a patent on X-rays in order to allow the entire world to benefit from them but was awarded the first ever Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

7:35

The Discovery of X-Rays

This video is a documentary about the discovery of x-rays by Dr. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen. ...

Roentgenfilm I (1936)

This silent German film features cineradiography of x-rays of eating, drinking and digestion. It was made by Professor Dr Robert Janker, a pioneer in radiological diagnostics of skeletal systems, x-ray photograph technology, luminescent screen photography, x-ray cineradiography and radiotherapy. He worked on developing electronic image enhancement, x-ray television and mass x-ray screening. Find out more: http://catalogue.wellcomelibrary.org/record=b2045411~S3.

9:15

X-Rays: "Taking the X out of X-Rays" circa 1940s General Electric 9min

more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/
"Demystifies X-rays and radiation."
NEW VERSION w...

X-Rays: "Taking the X out of X-Rays" circa 1940s General Electric 9min

more at http://scitech.quickfound.net/
"Demystifies X-rays and radiation."
NEWVERSION with improved video & sound: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTDFHJGN_Mw
Public domain film from the Library of CongressPrelinger Archive, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray
X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is called Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Correct spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s) and X ray(s). XRAY is used as the phonetic pronunciation for the letter x.
X-rays up to about 10 keV (10 to 0.10 nm wavelength) are classified as "soft" X-rays, and from about 10 to 120 keV (0.10 to 0.01 nm wavelength) as "hard" X-rays, due to their penetrating abilities.
Hard X-rays can penetrate some solids and liquids, and all uncompressed gases, and their most common use is to image of the inside of objects in diagnostic radiography and crystallography. As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. By contrast, soft X-rays hardly penetrate matter at all; the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2 nm) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer.
The distinction between X-rays and gamma rays has changed in recent decades. Originally, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by X-ray tubes had a longer wavelength than the radiation emitted by radioactive nuclei (gamma rays). Older literature distinguished between X- and gamma radiation on the basis of wavelength, with radiation shorter than some arbitrary wavelength, such as 10−11 m, defined as gamma rays. However, as shorter wavelength continuous spectrum "X-ray" sources such as linear accelerators and longer wavelength "gamma ray" emitters were discovered, the wavelength bands largely overlapped... X-rays are emitted by electrons outside the nucleus, while gamma rays are emitted by the nucleus. However, like all electromagnetic radiation, the properties of X-rays (or gamma rays) depend only on their wavelength and polarization...
German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen is usually credited as the discoverer of X-rays because he was the first to systematically study them, though he is not the first to have observed their effects. He is also the one who gave them the name "X-rays", though many referred to these as "Röntgen rays" (and the associated X-ray radiograms as, "Röntgenograms") for several decades after their discovery and to this day in some languages, including Röntgen's native German, though "X-ray" overtook popular usage in English by 1980.
X-rays were found emanating from Crookes tubes, experimental discharge tubes invented around 1875, by scientists investigating the cathode rays, that is energetic electron beams, that were first created in the tubes. Crookes tubes created free electrons by ionization of the residual air in the tube by a high DC voltage of anywhere between a few kilovolts and 100 kV. This voltage accelerated the electrons coming from the cathode to a high enough velocity that they created X-rays when they struck the anode or the glass wall of the tube. Many of the early Crookes tubes undoubtedly radiated X-rays, because early researchers noticed effects that were attributable to them, as detailed below. Wilhelm Röntgen was the first to systematically study them, in 1895.
The important early researchers in X-rays were Nikola Tesla, Ivan Pulyui, William Crookes, Johann Wilhelm Hittorf, Eugen Goldstein, Heinrich Hertz, Philipp Lenard, Hermann von Helmholtz, Thomas Edison, Charles Glover Barkla, Max von Laue, and Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_D._Coolidge
William David Coolidge (October 23, 1873 -- February 3, 1975) was an American physicist, who made major contributions to X-ray machines. He was the director of the General Electric Research Laboratory... famous for the invention of "ductile tungsten", which is important for the incandescent light bulb...
In 1913 he invented the Coolidge tube, an X-ray tube with an improved cathode for use in X-ray machines that allowed for more intense visualization of deep-seated anatomy and tumors...

0:36

First X Ray , Rontgen Rays , Wilhelm Röntgen

Great Moments in Science and Technology here: The viewer gains an insight into both .
R...

First X Ray , Rontgen Rays , Wilhelm Röntgen

Great Moments in Science and Technology here: The viewer gains an insight into both .
Röntgen - a bright spark 2010WinnerSleek GeeksEureka Prize The documentary focuses on the history of X-Ray technology and re-enacts the discovery of X-ray.
GermanPhysicistWilhelm Conrad Röntgen - X-Ray Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 -- 10 February 1923) was a German physicist who, on 8 November1895, pr.
This Milestones of Science episode deals with the issue of - X-Rays and is dedicated to it's artificer Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.
more at Demystifies X-rays and radiation. Public domain film from the Library of CongressPrelinger Archive, slightly croppe.
more at How the X-ray works and its use in police work, surgery, industrial engineering and automobile manufacturing. Public.
Also known as 'The X-Ray Fiend', this comedy by G.A.Smith combines two very recent innovations: Wilhelm Roentgen's discovery of X-rays in 1895, and Georges .
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen of Germany was awarded the first Nobel Prize in Physics. His X-rays have continued to transform fields from astronomy to cell biochemi.
Wilhelm Röntgen 1845 - 1923 Wilhelm Röntgen won a Nobel Prize in Physics after producing and detecting what later became known as X.
For the first episode of the series, we go all the way back to 1901 and meet the very first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. Ima.
Greatest Medical Discoveries: X-rays (1895) Wilhelm Roentgen discovers X-rays as he conducts experiments with the radiation from cathode rays (electrons). He.
In November of 1895, WilhelmConradRontgen, a physics professor changed the course of medical science forever with an accidental discovery of X-rays.
From the GE MovieCatalog: Dr. William D, Coolidge, General Electric scientist and inventor of the hot-cathode x-ray tube, explains in this film how x-rays ..
A MechanicalIcon film.
Röntgen-Strahlen sind aus der Medizin seit langem nicht mehr wegzudenken. Aber auch andere Disziplinen wie Material-Prüfung, Archäologie oder Astronomie würd.
A Short Narrative Based Upon W.C R.
Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Röntgen also spelled Roentgen (born March 27, 1845, Lennep, Prussia [now Remscheid, Germany]—.
In 1895 German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen discovered rays which he didn't know much about, so he called them X-Rays. One of the best known applications for th.
video for embedding at The classic nuclear energy animated film produced in 1952 by General Electric. This is the same public domain f.
This is an animated short I created for The American Roentgen Ray Society's Annual Meeting in 2008!
X-Rays have been in use as a medical imaging technique since approximately 1895 when Wilhelm Roentgen concluded that he was able to make photos of body struc.
This is a recreation of the great x-ray discovery by German Physicist Wilhelm Roentgen on November 8th, 1895. I used a phantom skull, intensifying screen (tu.
With animations generated with the VOXEL-MAN visualization system ( ), the video shows the development of the X-ray technique.It was crea.
On December 28, 1895, the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen announced he had discovered rays which he called X. With these rays, we can see inside obje.
European inventions and Discoveries all videos: History of the Microsco.

1:50

My X Ray swallows

My innards as I eat stuff. Unfortunately, the X-Rays did not give me any sort of super-pow...

Sticky tape X-rays: by Nature Video

Peeling sticky tape emits energy that extends into the X-ray regime, reports a study in Nature. The research provides evidence for a phenomenon that was first observed more than 50 years ago.
It is well known that unwinding sticky tape produces sparks of light that can easily be seen by the naked eye in a dark room. This phenomenon, known as triboluminescence, is produced by the friction generated when two contacting surfaces move relative to each other.

16:57

How to Interpret a Chest X-Ray (Lesson 7 - Diffuse Lung Processes)

An explanation of alveolar vs. interstitial opacities, including cardiogenic and non-cardi...

How to Interpret a Chest X-Ray (Lesson 7 - Diffuse Lung Processes)

An explanation of alveolar vs. interstitial opacities, including cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, and the 3 types of interstitial patterns (reticular, nodular, and reticulonodular). Examples provided of air bronchograms, peribroncial cuffing, Kerley A and B lines, and cephalization. Etiologies of low lung volumes and hyperinflation are also discussed.
Video includes the following image (among others):
Cephalization, downloaded from Radiopaedia.org, originally posted by Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu.
Sources for other images may include Wikimedia Commons, radiologypics.com, and JoseCaceras' wonderful radiology blog: CaceresCorner (http://blog.myesr.org/category/caceres-corner/)

How Dangerous Are X-Rays?

RSVP to our hangout with AsapSCIENCE and It’sOkayTo BeSmart: http://dne.ws/1adOvhs
Have you ever gotten an x-ray? How safe are they, and should you be worried about possible negative side effects?
Read More:
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/science/toolbox/emspectrum1.html
"The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation."
The Centenary of Radiology
http://jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=4693
"The discovery of x-rays in 1895 and radioactivity in 1896, initiated an era of most extensive and intensive research in the history of human civilization into the nature of matter and energy and the interactions between them."
Early victims of X-rays: a tribute and current perception
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3520298/
"X-rays were discovered in 1895 and since then much has been written about Wilhelm Roentgen and the events surrounding the discovery. However, there have been only scattered references in the literature about the early workers who dedicated their life, and death, to X-rays."
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X-ray

X-radiation (composed of X-rays) is a form of electromagnetic radiation. Most X-rays have a wavelength ranging from 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz (3×1016 Hz to 3×1019 Hz) and energies in the range 100 eV to 100 keV. X-ray wavelengths are shorter than those of UV rays and typically longer than those of gamma rays. In many languages, X-radiation is referred to with terms meaning Röntgen radiation, after Wilhelm Röntgen, who is usually credited as its discoverer, and who had named it X-radiation to signify an unknown type of radiation. Spelling of X-ray(s) in the English language includes the variants x-ray(s), xray(s), and X ray(s).

X-rays with photon energies above 5–10 keV (below 0.2–0.1nm wavelength) are called hard X-rays, while those with lower energy are called soft X-rays. Due to their penetrating ability, hard X-rays are widely used to image the inside of objects, e.g., in medical radiography and airport security. As a result, the term X-ray is metonymically used to refer to a radiographic image produced using this method, in addition to the method itself. Since the wavelengths of hard X-rays are similar to the size of atoms they are also useful for determining crystal structures by X-ray crystallography. By contrast, soft X-rays are easily absorbed in air; the attenuation length of 600 eV (~2nm) X-rays in water is less than 1 micrometer.

• Everywhere he looks at the moment Broncos linebacker ShaneRay spots motivation ... Not that long ago, Ray was all the rage — a first-round pick out of Missouri to play alongside Von Miller ... Ray gets it ... “For somebody to come and just try to shove me to the side, I’m not that type of player,” Ray said after a team workout Tuesday ... Ray insisted he understands why Broncos boss John Elway and the team balked at picking up his option....

Martinez grounder to open the ninth sparked a rally that led to three runs and another Rays defeat to the rival Red Sox, 4-1 ... As in most of the nine games the Rays have now lost to the Red Sox, a good effort still ended badly. Chris Archer matched up terrifically with former Rays ace Price, student versus mentor, for six innings, getting out of the one big mess he made with only one run ... But, once again, the Rays (22-25) came up short....

Another county native and 2008 CU graduate, WayneRay was hired in August 2017 to bring the Phoenix marching band back from the ashes. While the university’s concert and pep band programs have continued, the marching band had fallen into disarray, Ray said in an exclusive interview with The WilsonPost... When asked if it was fair to say most people don’t realize that the band recruits just like an athletic team, Ray said, “Absolutely....

Satyajit Ray may have been dead for 26 years, but his memory – the memory of his marvellous movies – fails to fade ... And it seemed so incredible that one of them was a young Arab journalist, not even 40, who shot a dozen questions at me about Ray ... to cherish Ray and his cinematic excellence....

making a miniature X ray tube

Here we make a miniature X ray tube from scratch. This tube is small, 1/2 inch in diameter and about 4 inches long. It is a fully functional X ray tube that can be used for all kinds of X ray experiments.

https://www.iitutor.com
We are familiar with shadows cast on a wall by an object and know that the shadow has the same shape as the object. However, if we look carefully, we will see that the edges of the shadow are a little fuzzy, that is, they are no perfectly sharp. This lack of sharply defined edges on the shadow is due to the phenomenon of diffraction. Diffraction refers to the spreading out of light waves around the edge of an object to when light passes through a small aperture. This is a part of physics syllabus, that is from ideas to implementation of science.
Young's double slit experiment showed that light does not travel past an object in straight lines, but spreads out around the object's edges as waves. These waves can interfere with each other as they spread out. This spreading out of light that occurs around an object or when light is passing through a small aperture is called diffraction. It is pronounced when the waves have to travel different paths to a point some distance from the source and in doing so travel paths that have differences in length that approach either multiples of half or full wavelengths.
Diffraction is a property of all waves, including electromagnetic radiation. Diffraction effects increase as the physical dimension of the aperture approaches the wavelength of the waves. Diffraction of waves results in interference that produces dark and bright rings or spots. The precise nature of these effects is dependent on the geometry of the object causing the diffraction.
X-rays were discovered by Rontgen towards the end of the nineteenth century. A study of their nature revealed they were electromagnetic waves. Although similar to light and radio waves, X-rays were determined by experiment to have a wavelength much shorter than that of visible light. Within a short period, scientists studying these new electromagnetic waves were able to reliably produce X-rays of a specific frequency.
PD4411
http://youtu.be/mma4IEfYjqs

23:27

On a New Kind of Rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

Please thumbs up if you like this video :)
Audio book, Audiobook, Audio-book,

Nikola Tesla Interview Hidden For 116 Years - Incredible

Nikola Tesla is considered one of the most innovative and mysterious men who ever lived on Earth. He was a man way ahead of his time and is responsible for most of the technology we use today. In fact, if Tesla hadn’t invented and researched everything he did in his time, our technology today would be considerably worse.
Tesla’s inventions went far beyond electricity. He made groundbreaking discoveries such as wireless radio communications, turbine engines, helicopters (although it was Da Vinci who first had the idea), fluorescent and neon lights, torpedoes and the X-ray among others. By the time of his death, Tesla held nearly 700 worldwide patents.
In this this video we take a look at a very RARE interview, hidden for nearly 116 years.
Books about Nikola Tesla:
The Man WhoInvented the Twentieth Century: Nikola Tesla - http://amzn.to/2s1SgjL (affiliate)
Nikola Tesla: The Man Who Harnessed Niagara Falls - http://amzn.to/2sRcNdN
Nikola Tesla: a Spark of Genius - http://amzn.to/2shvetG
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Exploring with X-Rays, Part 1 - 1941

From the GE FilmCatalog: "This film shows how x-rays were discovered in a quiet university laboratory late in the nineteenth century, how they were produced with crude apparatus, how scientists all over the world experimented with them, and how they were welcomed by medicine. The picture then shows how today's new and more powerful equipment has been put to new uses in medicine, dentistry and industry.
"Dr. W. D.Coolidge, world-famous for his research in x-rays and for his development of x-ray tubes, explains what makes x-rays and how they are produced."

Röntgenstrahlen - Wie funktionieren X-Rays?...

On a New Kind of Rays Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen audi...

Latest News for: röntgen rays

• Everywhere he looks at the moment Broncos linebacker ShaneRay spots motivation ... Not that long ago, Ray was all the rage — a first-round pick out of Missouri to play alongside Von Miller ... Ray gets it ... “For somebody to come and just try to shove me to the side, I’m not that type of player,” Ray said after a team workout Tuesday ... Ray insisted he understands why Broncos boss John Elway and the team balked at picking up his option....

Martinez grounder to open the ninth sparked a rally that led to three runs and another Rays defeat to the rival Red Sox, 4-1 ... As in most of the nine games the Rays have now lost to the Red Sox, a good effort still ended badly. Chris Archer matched up terrifically with former Rays ace Price, student versus mentor, for six innings, getting out of the one big mess he made with only one run ... But, once again, the Rays (22-25) came up short....

Another county native and 2008 CU graduate, WayneRay was hired in August 2017 to bring the Phoenix marching band back from the ashes. While the university’s concert and pep band programs have continued, the marching band had fallen into disarray, Ray said in an exclusive interview with The WilsonPost... When asked if it was fair to say most people don’t realize that the band recruits just like an athletic team, Ray said, “Absolutely....

Satyajit Ray may have been dead for 26 years, but his memory – the memory of his marvellous movies – fails to fade ... And it seemed so incredible that one of them was a young Arab journalist, not even 40, who shot a dozen questions at me about Ray ... to cherish Ray and his cinematic excellence....

Satyajit Ray may have been dead for 26 years, but his memory - the memory of his marvellous movies - fails to fade ... And it seemed so incredible that one of them was a young Arab journalist, not even 40, who shot a dozen questions at me about Ray ... world which till today continues to cherish Ray and his cinematic excellence....

PETERSBURG -- Willy Adames' throwing error opened the door for the Red Sox to score three times in the ninth as the Rays fell, 4-1, on Wednesday night at Tropicana Field. The Rays brought in closer AlexColome to start the ninth in a tie game ... The Rays brought in closer Alex Colome to start the ninth in a tie game ... inning and sealing the Rays' fate....

(AP) - XanderBogaerts sparked a three-run rally in the ninth inning, David Price pitched the bulk of a three-hitter and the Boston Red Sox beat the Tampa BayRays 4-1 on Wednesday night for their fourth straight win ... Boston Red Sox starter David Price pitches to a Tampa Bay Rays batter during the third inning of a baseball game Wednesday, May 23, 2018, in St ... Rays ... leaps for a double to deep center field hit by Tampa Bay Rays' C.J....

BC-BBA--Red Sox-Rays,432. Red Sox rally in 9th, Price helps 3-hit Rays in 4-1 win ... Red Sox 4, Rays 1 ... XanderBogaerts sparked a three-run rally in the ninth inning, David Price pitched the bulk of a three-hitter and the Boston Red Sox beat the Tampa BayRays 4-1 for their fourth straight win ... The Rays did not get a runner into scoring position until the sixth, when C.J ...Rays....

BC-BBA--Red Sox-Rays, 1st Ld-Writethru,666. Red Sox rally in 9th, Price helps 3-hit Rays in 4-1 win ... Red Sox 4, Rays 1 ... XanderBogaerts sparked a three-run rally in the ninth inning, David Price pitched the bulk of a three-hitter and the Boston Red Sox beat the Tampa BayRays 4-1 for their fourth straight win ... The Rays did not get a runner into scoring position until the sixth, when C.J ...Rays....

Ray was drafted into the U.S ... While in college, Ray met and eventually married a young woman attending nearby Russell Sage College. Charlotte and Ray married in 1952...Ray worked as an engineer at IBM for many years ... Ray enjoyed reading, golf, tennis, telling stories and writing letters to the editor in local publications ... Charlotte and Ray were predeceased by their eldest son, Jared; and their granddaughter, Sarah....

SharonRay, nurse program manager for the communicable disease team at the health department, said Warren County has had seven reported cases of hepatitis A this year ...Ray said five cases being reported in a single county is cause for concern ... Ray said Warren County has been directly affected by this outbreak, which was identified in November ... Ray said hepatitis A vaccines are available at pharmacies and health care providers....

Boston Red Sox starter David Price pitches against the Tampa BayRays during the third inning Wednesday, May 23, 2018, in St ... The 4-1 win over the Tampa Bay Rays was accomplished with six strong innings from David Price and a three-run ninth sparked by an RBI double by XanderBogaerts. The Rays, who have lost nine of 12 to the Red Sox this season, contributed an error, a wild pitch and a passed ball to the big inning ... Rays....

PETERSBURG -- The Red Sox finally got the big hit they were looking for all Wednesday in the ninth, and it was delivered by XanderBogaerts in a 4-1 victory over the Rays at Tropicana Field... Bogaerts was hitless in his previous 13 at-bats before coming through in the clutch against Rays closer AlexColome ... Bogaerts was hitless in his previous 13 at-bats before coming through in the clutch against Rays closer Alex Colome....