The Earth-Moon-Sun System. Time and Seasons Measuring time on Earth Measuring time on Earth –Around 3000 B.C., the Babylonians devised a method of timekeeping.

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Presentation on theme: "The Earth-Moon-Sun System. Time and Seasons Measuring time on Earth Measuring time on Earth –Around 3000 B.C., the Babylonians devised a method of timekeeping."— Presentation transcript:

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The Earth-Moon-Sun System

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Time and Seasons Measuring time on Earth Measuring time on Earth –Around 3000 B.C., the Babylonians devised a method of timekeeping –Because their counting methods were based on 60, they divided a circle into 360 parts called degrees –The symbol for degree ( o ) was taken from their symbol for the Sun

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Earth spins and makes one complete turn in about 24 hours This spinning causes the Sun to appear to move across the sky from east to west

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If Earth spins approximately 360 o in 24 hours, then it spins through 15 o in one hour. If Earth spins approximately 360 o in 24 hours, then it spins through 15 o in one hour. A time zone is an area 15 o wide in which time is the same A time zone is an area 15 o wide in which time is the same For convenience, time zones are modified to fit around city, state, and country borders, and other key sites. For convenience, time zones are modified to fit around city, state, and country borders, and other key sites.

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How many degrees does Earth spin in one hour? How many degrees does Earth spin in one hour? Fifteen degrees Fifteen degrees

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A day is added to the time at the International Date Line A day is added to the time at the International Date Line –This line is drawn down through the Pacific Ocean directly opposite the Prime Meridian, the starting point for the worldwide system of measuring time Let’s calculate a few time changes… Let’s calculate a few time changes…

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Rotation is the spinning of Earth on its axis, an imaginary line drawn through Earth from its rotation north pole to its rotational south pole The apparent movement of the Sun from noon one day until noon the next day is call a solar day Rotation measures days

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Revolution is the motion of Earth in its orbit around the Sun As Earth revolves in its orbit, the Sun appears to move through the skies compared to the seemingly fixed positions of the stars Revolution measures years

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The apparent path of the Sun during this year is called the ecliptic The apparent path of the Sun during this year is called the ecliptic The ecliptic is defined as the plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun The ecliptic is defined as the plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun

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Why do seasons change? Seasons change on Earth because the number of hours of daylight each day varies and also because the angle at which sunlight strikes. Seasons change on Earth because the number of hours of daylight each day varies and also because the angle at which sunlight strikes. Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 o Earth’s axis is tilted 23.5 o

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The hemisphere tilted toward the Sun receives sunlight at higher angles than the hemisphere tilted away from the Sun. The hemisphere tilted toward the Sun receives sunlight at higher angles than the hemisphere tilted away from the Sun. The greater intensity of sunlight is one reason why summer is warmer than winter The greater intensity of sunlight is one reason why summer is warmer than winter –But it’s not the only reason

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So, as the year progresses, the number of hours of daylight each day becomes fewer. Our shortest day of the year is…. –D–D–D–December 21, when we have the fewest number of daylight hours

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The hemisphere of Earth that is tilted toward the Sun receives more hours of daylight each day than the hemisphere tilted away from the Sun. The hemisphere of Earth that is tilted toward the Sun receives more hours of daylight each day than the hemisphere tilted away from the Sun. This longer period of daylight is the second reason why summer is warmer than winter. This longer period of daylight is the second reason why summer is warmer than winter.

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The Sun reaches an equinox when it is directly above the Earth’s equator, and the number of daylight hours equals the number of nighttime hours all over the world The solstice is the point at which the Sun reaches its greatest distance north or south of the equator, the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn, respectively