Recumbent triking

I used to cycle a lot, mostly on a fixed-wheel bike, then bought a car, and
got out of practice at cycling, and became relatively unfit, which was
probably the main cause of my repetitive strain injury. One
effect of that was that I became uncomfortable with conventional
handlebars; however, the specialist said that getting fit was the main
key to overcoming my RSI. (Actually, I'd wanted one ever since I saw
a picture and description in the original Richard's Bicycle Book,
about 20 years earlier.)

So I bought myself a recumbent trike, and am very pleased with
it. It is much more comfortable than an upright cycle!

My recumbent is an Optima
Rider. It's pretty solid, in both senses: mostly reliable, but heavy. I
added the front mudguards fairly soon after getting it; I live in a
dairy-farming area, and was getting quite spattered where my regular
route crosses that of a herd of cows.

The main exceptions to its reliability have been the hydraulic
front brakes (I have now replaced the hydraulic part of the system
with conventional brake cables) and the chain roller mechanism, which
has now been replaced by one made by ICE for use on their Trice
range.

The non-standard additions to it that I have done so far are:

A box to hold the lights, such that I can remove front and rear
lights in one go, for security. The front lights are behind my
head, one to each side, so they are high enough to give a good
light without too much shadow. They are a modified Sigma Sport
set, 10W on the side near the kerb, and 5W on the offside, so I
get more power where I need to see the detail, and a slightly
gentler experience for oncoming traffic. The box has the
recharger built into it, and takes an IEC mains connector
(computer lead or kettle flex connector), for
wide availability. There are four LED rear lights at the
back, the outer pair in service, and the inner pair as a hot
spare so when the batteries on the service pair run down, I can
quickly switch the lights over, rather than fiddling with small
batteries on a cold and rainy evening. The bar holding the spare
pair unclips, and can be put into a bracket on the top of the
back of the seat, for riding without the heavy lights box, or
onto one on the back of the trailer.

a switch on the handlebars to control the lights, which plugs
into the lights box. This lets me switch quickly between 5W and 10W
lighting, effectively giving me a ``dip'' switch. I'm also
adding a motorcycle horn near it.

More recently, I added a fairing, which
eventually broke, and I've now replaced it with a redesigned one.

I got some Radical Designs panniers, and also a small Carradice
saddle pack (visible in the picture at the front end of the main
panniers), mostly to provide a pocket further forward than the
panniers, so I could keep my phone in reach. Just forward of the
saddle pack is an Eco-blast air horn. I now also have a trailer, as I
think I was overloading the panniers.

I have also made a carrier for getting the trike onto my
Land-Rover roof-rack.

Visibility

People tend to assume that, being low, the recumbent will be hard
for motorists to see. This doesn't seem to be the case; its
unusualness catches the eye far more than an upright cycle does, and
it's much harder to dismiss as ``just a bike''. In fact, lots of
drivers around where I live seem to lack the confidence to pass it,
and I have to wave them past, or just pull in to the side. (Driving
licences are effectively optional in Eire; unaccompanied learners are
either allowed or tolerated, I'm still not sure quite which it is.)

I made the fairing to protect me from the Irish rain, rather than
for streamlining. (It's also turned out to be useful
against dogs.) It's made of polycarbonate and
aluminium, with the polycarbonate crudely thermoformed with a
mini-blowtorch, and the aluminium bolted and riveted.

It is mounted at the rear by being hinged onto an aluminium frame
(approximately an A-frame with extra struts going to the back of the
carrier) bolted to the carrier bolts and clipped to the back of the
carrier, and at the front tubular legs at the bottom of the stiffening
strips fit into wider tubes bolted and glued to Stauff
clamps that fit round the
crossmember.

The design of the rear frame lets me post the panniers (permanently
paired) through the large roughly triangular gap, and then clip the
lighting unit into place through the rectangular gap.

Whereas the first version lifted up in
its entirety (which proved cumbersome in practice), the current one
has a hatch that lifts up for getting in and out.

The lighting box, mounted on the rack behind me, lets the front
lights shine forward over the fairing.

Since the fairing makes it harder to stick my hand out for turn
signals, I have made electric turn signals as part of the lighting
box. I'm thinking of adding a flashing "Please pass" sign, as drivers
often sit on my tail, unsure about passing, and I'm not sure that they
understand attempts to wave them past. (Perhaps they confuse them with
``turning right'' or ``turning left'' signals?)

I'm still adjusting the fairing; so far it seems to work OK,
although there are still squeaks, rattles and various other minor
awkwardnesses. But it's great to be able to cycle in the rain without
getting significantly wet.

I've built a new fairing for this winter season, with some changes
from the old one as follows:

Polycarbonate was fine, and has mostly lasted well, but I now
got the UV-resistant version the next time, for greater longevity.

The polycarbonate bent OK, but was prone to springing outwards
a bit, and it was permanently stressed. This time, I used a
micro-blowtorch to heat the plastic to bend and weld it. This
isn't entirely satisfactory, as it foams and tends to singe
slightly, but it makes a much better shape.

Hammering aluminium tubes flat and bending them on the flat bit
was obviously a stupid idea (in hindsight); this time, I've used
very little tubing.

I've removed the handlebar extensions (mirror and GPS mount)
for the winter, so that I could make minimal cuts into the
plastic for the front wheels.

Some kind of internal storage compartment would be good,
particularly for gloves.

Having the lighting tower shine over the fairing does give
enough light on the road, but also some glare from the fairing.
I might put lights at the front of the fairing, and make a
wiring loom for it and a matching one on the trike itself. Then
I can have indicator repeaters on the fairing -- otherwise it's
hard to tell whether I've cancelled them properly, as that kind
of switch is a bit fiddly.

I tapered the front, so it becomes narrower around the bit
forward of the pedalling circle.

The rear hinge arrangement worked just about OK, but it was too
heavy for its own strength (and was awkward to lift), so this time
I've made it so that only a hatch lifts up, and the main body of the
fairing stays where it is.

Construction details

The old fairing was made from 2mm polycarbonate sheet, stiffened
slightly by two pairs of aluminium strips rivetted to it, one strip of
each pair on the inside and one on the outside.

It lifted at the front, allowing me to get on and off the recumbent
pretty much as normal.

As I suspected I might, I found that rain didn't run off very well,
and there was a lot of condensation inside, so I made a horizontal
slit at eye level (not visible in the main photos -- I made the slit
later), so I can see clearly at least straight ahead, no matter how
many raindrops accumulate; this should be more reliable than adding a
wiper, and take less attention, and also gives some airflow, which is
definitely appreciated. Just below this is a bulldog clip for holding
language notes, to give me something to think about on the journeys!
If going somewhere unfamiliar, the clip could be useful for maps or
directions.

I also added a stiffer internal frame than shown in the photos,
so it will flex less as I open and close it. The internal frame also
gives me somewhere more convenient for the GPS, and phone; and makes a
slightly easier handle for raising and lowering the canopy from the
inside.

On 2006-11-13, a German Shepherd Dog, that lives on the same lane
as me, made a sustained and vicious attack on me as I cycled past. He
charged at me, hitting the fairing, ramming me a couple of times, then
grabbed the panniers and tried to drag me to a halt at least three
times. Fortunately I was in a low gear and could keep going. It was a
really determined attack, and I reckon if I hadn't had the fairing, or
had been on an upright or on foot, he probably would have killed me.
As it was, with the fairing, he couldn't actually reach me (although
I've added some more protection to close off the back of it a bit
better). After the attack, I found I had a flat tyre, although I'm not
sure that was the dog -- there was also a thorn, so perhaps the animal
and plant kingdoms were conspiring against me!

I've contact the dog-owner, who says he'll keep him chained, and
the Gardaí (police), who will have a further word with him. But
the dog's been loose at least one more time since, and I'm now
considering weaving barbed wire between the spokes of the wheels, and
putting some strands of it around the panniers and the edges of the
fairing, for further protection. A further possibility is to electrify
the wire, alternating positive and negative strands. Not pleasant, but
then neither are dogs that attack cyclists.