Overview

Equations

$$V_{P-P} = 2*V_{P}$$

$$V_{P-P} = 2\sqrt{2}*V_{rms} = 2.828*V_{rms}$$

$$V_{P-P} = \pi*V_{avg} = 3.414*V_{avg}$$

$$V_{P}$$: The maximum instantaneous value of a function as measured from the zero-volt level. For the waveform shown above, the peak amplitude and peak value are the same, since the average value of the function is zero volts.

$$V_{P-P}$$: The full voltage between positive and negative peaks of the waveform; that is, the sum of the magnitude of the positive and negative peaks.

$$V_{rms}$$: The root-mean-square or effective value of a waveform.

$$V_{avg}$$: The level of a waveform defined by the condition that the area enclosed by the curve above this level is exactly equal to the area enclosed by the curve below this level.