Technically Britain still isn't a democracy! this is due to the power of the un-elected members- house of lords. However, most people say that Britain became a democracy in 19…28 following the equal franchise act that gave men and women equal voting rights. Women were famously franchised (given the right to vote) in 1918 in the representation of the people act, however this granted women over thirty whilst men were allowed to vote at age 21. in 1928 men and women of the age 21 and upwards were granted the vote, making Britain a liberal democracy. (MORE)

1) common people are involved in decision making. 2) elected representatives take major decisions. 3)free & fair elections are conducted 4) basic freedom… to all citizens 5)workers work under a constitutional framework 6)accountable form of government 7)accommodate form of govt. 8)better decision making 9)enhances dignity and respect of every individual. 10)government is answerable to the people of the nation(MORE)

Although the Ancient Greeks only managed to maintain their system of democracy for 200 years, it did lay the foundation for the political variation that the world knows today.… Arguably, without Ancient Greek democracy, there would be no such thing as politics. Democracy developed in ancient Greek society gradually, and represented a system under which a certain segment of the population had the power to make and vote on key decisions. It was under the system of democracy that ancient Greece managed to expand its empire.The birthplace of democracy is widely accepted as being in Athens. It was in Athens that a man named Cleisthenes develops a law that abolished the idea that political decision-making should be restricted to the upper and middle classes of Greece. Under his new law, he made it possible for the poorest people in society to be represented. Like all earlier forms of democracy, this representation was different to the representation that is seen today. You could only vote in Athens if you were an Athenian male resident who was over the age of 18. At the time that democracy was operating in Athens, there were around 250,000 people living there. However, it is estimated that only around 40,000 people had the ability to vote.Democracy in Greece during the ancient period centralized around three important institutions. The first was the Ekklesia. This was a building where any one of the 40,000 individuals who was legally permitted to vote could go and exercise their democratic right to do so. In Athens, this building rested on the hillside just outside the city, and would be used four times a year. Although 40,000 people were eligible to go vote, it is estimated that only around 6000 people would do so. Key decisions would be voted on, including war and foreign policy.The Boule was a council of 500 individuals who acted as political representatives of those who could vote. These individuals would serve on the council for one year only. When a decision had been voted on, they had the power to decide how it would be executed. For example, it could make key army decisions such as how many horses would be drafted in, and how many ships could be built. Selection for this position was very unlike the democracy that the world knows today. These people would be chosen at random by lottery. However, some historians argue that money and power managed to sway decisions in some cases when it came to the selection process.The Dikasteria were the courts of Athens. These courts would consist of around 500 jurors, who were all over the age of 30, and male. These individuals would be selected at random, and would be paid for their services. However, the pay for these positions were low, as the ancient Greeks relied on donations rather than taxation. As a result of this, it was only usually retirees who agreed to fulfill this role. These individuals would take a multifaceted role focusing on crime and other legal matters. They acted as the police, the prosecution, the judges, and the defense, as there were no set structures for these roles in Greek democracy.Democracy worked well for the Greeks in practice. One of the most infamous exercises of democratic rights was when the citizens could choose to banish an individual for making poor political decisions. These individuals would vote at the Ekklesias using pieces of slate. If a majority decided that the person should be banished, they would be banished for around 10 years. Under democracy, the Greeks managed to resist Persian onslaughts of war. It was also under democracy that the Parthenon was built. This building was then used to act as a platform for great philosophers and educators to develop and spread their ideas, including Sophocles, and Euripides.Democracy was not to last in ancient Greece. Throughout the periods of democracy, there were critics who wanted to return to an oligarchy. When ancient Greeks were weakened by war in 431 to 404 BC, the individuals who campaigned for oligarchy gathered support, and were able to gradually reintroduce it in place of democracy. In 322, Alexander the Great effectively terminated self-government. The death throes of democracy could be seen throughout ancient Greece for a little while longer, before the Romans invaded and eradicated it altogether.The 200 year period of democracy in Greece marks a radical change in politics temporarily. For the first time people were able to vote on the basis that was more representative than oligarchies that existed before. After the end of Greek democracy, came several periods of oligarchies, dictatorships, feudalism, and monarchy rule. It would be over 1000 years before true democracy could be established in Europe again. It is thanks to the ancient Greeks that the world can enjoy democracy.Democracy was built on the constitutional reform package of a man who was in no way democratic. Solon, a poet, developed a package in 600 BC. This was then built on by Cleisthenes.(MORE)

If you're looking for a high-quality liberal arts education, one region stands out above the rest. The Northeast's liberal arts colleges are arguably the finest in the country…. Learn more about some of the prestigious liberal arts colleges in the Northeast and the many advantages of the schools in the region.Amherst College routinely tops lists of the nation's top schools, liberal arts or otherwise. It features an open curriculum with few degree requirements, but it is extremely selective and provides a rigorous education. Located in the scenic and progressive Pioneer Valley of western Massachusetts, Amherst is part of the Five College exchange that provides cross-registration opportunities with Smith, Mount Holyoke, Hampshire and UMass Amherst. Amherst is the only liberal arts college to provide both full financial aid and need-blind admission for international students as well as domestic ones.Williams College was established in 1793 and is one of the oldest and most highly regarded liberal arts colleges in the country. It is located in the beautiful Berkshire Mountains in Massachusetts, close to the borders of Vermont and New York. Williams is one of few American institutions to model many of its courses on the small, student-focused tutorial systems of Oxford and Cambridge.Middlebury College in Vermont has a storied history of social progress; it is the first American college to graduate an African-American student (in 1823) as well as one of the first men's colleges to go coeducational; it did so in 1883, almost a century before many of the Ivy Leagues. Today, Middlebury is particularly renowned for its environmental studies program, another change that it pioneered. The school is also known for its summer programs, including the Language School, which famously requires total immersion in the target language, and the Bread Loaf Writer's Conference which Robert Frost helped to found.Wellesley College is one of the few remaining women's colleges in the United States and is the most prestigious among them, routinely making the top lists of liberal arts colleges based on selectivity, rigor and success after graduation. Wellesley's scenic campus is located in the suburbs of Boston, providing convenient access to the city. The college offers a vigorous cross-registration program with neighboring schools outside of the liberal arts paradigm, including MIT, Olin and Babson. There are many other fine liberal arts schools in the Northeast in addition to the ones mentioned. Many of the schools mentioned are part of the 12 College Exchange, allowing students from the participating schools to spend a semester or year as an exchange student at one of the other colleges.For a behind-the-scenes look into the admissions process at a liberal arts school, read "The Gatekeepers" by Jacques Steinberg, who spent months shadowing the admissions officers at Wesleyan University, which is in Middletown, Connecticut.(MORE)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has significant effects of the lives of people who live with the condition. In 2008, an Italian researcher published a paper in which he described a co…ndition, chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI), which he maintained was the root cause of MS. Remarkably, at the same time, he also detailed a treatment for the condition. He labeled the treatment liberation treatment. What follows is a discussion of CCSVI, liberation treatment, and the medical worlds' response to the published paper.In 2008, Italian researcher Paolo Zamboni published a paper in which he claimed that MS was caused by a condition he named chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI). According to Zamboni, restrictions in the veins that are responsible for draining the central nervous system can lead to a number of issues, including a build-up of iron deposits that he linked with the onset of MS. Unusually, the paper in which Zamboni described CCVI also went on to detail how to diagnose the condition and further described a treatment that he called liberation treatment.Diagnosis of CCSVI was described by Zamboni using a highly specific piece of medical equipment, a transcranial Doppler sonograph, manufactured by a specific manufacturer, Esaote. Liberation treatment was the phrase coined by Zamboni for the procedures used to clear the blockages that had been identified in the veins. The liberation treatment proposed was relatively straight forward, in that it used stenting techniques such as angioplasty that were already commonly used to treat cardiovascular disease.Early responses to Zamboni's work, including his liberation treatment, were immediately skeptical due to the methodologies he used in his study. Criticism was leveled at the lack of blind studies, a technique recognized as significant in protecting the independence of results. The lack of any comparative studies also raised the level of skeptical response to the work. Criticism was also leveled at the term "liberation treatment," as it was felt that it described the treatment in an unrealistic way.Despite early skepticism, Canadians responded to the research by demanding that liberation treatment be made available. By the end of 2009, a 17,000-signature petition had been placed before the medical authorities. In 2009, funding was committed by the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Canada to explore the relationship between CCSVI and MS, along with the value of liberation treatment. After four years of research and further controversy, researchers at the University of British Columbia have demonstrated that they cannot replicate the results originally reported by Zamboni.Liberation treatment for multiple sclerosis appeared, when it was originally described in 2008, to be a major breakthrough and source of hope for victims of this debilitating disease. The treatment described was as simple as a routine angioplasty, performed to treat cardiovascular illness, but it soon proved to be too good to be true. Zamboni's poor methodology led to more detailed research examining his work in Canada, which showed there was no appreciable link between CCSVI and MS. The results were published in 2013, but not before thousands of patients in Kuwait and 40 other countries, where the treatment had eagerly been adopted by medical authorities.Paolo Zamboni's work was not the first to link venous pathology with MS. As early as 1863, pathologist Georg Rindfleisch described a link between MS and lesions distributed around the venous system. Similar lesions were reproduced by pathologist Tracy Patman, who was working with dogs in 1935.(MORE)

People of the United States constitute one of the most diverse and multicultural national populations in the world. Yet, as election year always shows, pockets of citizens sha…ring similar views pop up across the map. States are deemed "red" or "blue," depending on their voting history that seldom changes. Here are some of the "bluest" and liberal-leaning cities in the country.Nicknamed Motor City, Detroit is the most liberal state in the country due to several key factors, according to a non-partisan group, Bay Area Center for Voting Research. Economically speaking, the city's current low socio-economic levels contribute to its liberal standing. It is also geographically located in the Midwest, where liberal beliefs tend to dominate. Areas of the Midwest that are conservative tend to be smaller sized areas. Detroit, to the contrary, is one of the most populated cities in the area. In addition, the city's high African-American population denotes more left-leaning voting tendencies. Gary, Indiana is similar to Detroit in its demographics. According to the BACVR, Gary is roughly 85% African-American, which correlates with higher levels of liberal beliefs. The US Census Bureau lists Gary as having homeownership rates of roughly 51%. In addition, only 12% of citizens of Gary have more than a high school diploma. These facts show that Gary is mostly home to individuals of the working class who often belong to unions, which largely tend to vote for Democrats.UC Berkeley is a stronghold of liberal political views, despite the city's affluence. It was a major site for the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960's, indicating a historical connection to its political affiliations. Students' Free Speech Movement of the time also worked to firmly anchor a tradition of activism and protest. According to CNN, Liberal students outnumber conservative students four-to-one at the university. Students entering into the university also assert themselves to be less religious, which seemingly reflects more distance from conservative pro-life campaigns.Oakland's hard liberal stance comes partly from its demographics and partly from its history as a site of racial polarization. A city that is largely African-American, Oakland is a place where Democrats almost always win in elections. It is home to a large population of unemployed people and those who rely on social service programs. As close as it may be to some of the wealthiest cities in the nation, Oakland's lack of viable employment options and poor educational system indicate that citizens often favor bottom-up economic tactics.The Big Apple is home to many wealthy entrepreneurs and Wall Street executives. It also is plagued by poverty and unemployment, particularly in poorer parts of the city. In addition, the city is home to a large population of African-Americans, Latinos and immigrants, all of whom tend to vote left. Social issues pertaining more to Democrats also dominate the stage in New York. LGBT rights, educational advocates and undocumented workers' struggles all play into a more liberal inclination.The polarization of the country is most visible when considering those factors that make a state consistently vote liberally or conservatively. Certain cities in the country have long histories of voting preferences, while others have slowly turned towards that direction in light of economic or demographic factors. From the West Coast to the East Coast and everything in between, this compilation presents those cities that unequivocally go "blue" every four years.The BACVR states that there is a direct link between larger groups of African-Americans and liberal views in cities. The higher the population of African-Americans, the more likely the population will go "blue." The only exceptions are cities like Berkeley that enjoy a higher educational level and strong history of beliefs in activism and social rights. These aberrations are often located on the West Coast.)(MORE)

A liberal arts college enrolls students who are trying to get their bachelor's degree. These schools tend to get the most applications, because the majority of college applica…nts in general are going to be pursuing this type of degree. Liberal arts colleges are also worth attending for students who plan to pursue an advanced degree like a masters or doctorate. An impressive resume of liberal arts classes will likely be required for admission to graduate schools. If you are hoping to apply to the best of the best, below are the top five liberal arts colleges according to a 2013 study run by U.S News and World Report.Williams College is located in Williamstown, Massachusetts. In 2010, 2011, and 2012 it had the honor of being ranked the best undergraduate university by Forbes Magazine, and it continued to hold that rank in 2013. The school offers three strong focuses: humanities, sciences, and social sciences. Being such a top ranked school, Williams College is one of the hardest schools to get accepted into. The class sizes are also kept small, and competition can be fierce. Amherst is another popular Massachusetts liberal arts college. Unlike Williams College, Amherst is part of the Five Colleges Consortium. Students are able to take classes at Hampshire College, Mount Holyoke College, Smith College, and the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. All five schools are independent and mutually dependent, and they are all geographically close to each other. A convenient bus system connects the campuses and students are encouraged to take courses at the other schools. Amherst College, in particular, has a very selective enrollment process. This will limit the number of accepted students each year, but just as with Williams College, it does allow professors to give more time to each student.Swarthmore is another college that is part of a consortium, namely the Tri-College Consortium, located in the suburbs of Philadelphia. Students attending Swarthmore are also able to take courses at Bryn Mawr College and Haverford College. Swarthmore is another college with a small enrollment each year but this is in part because the school has a strong focus on engineering programs. In joining the consortium, the school hoped to provide its engineering students access to a broader range of classes.Located in Middlebury, Vermont, Middlebury College is unique for being one of the top liberal arts colleges that focuses on environmental studies. That doesn't mean that the school only specializes in environmental studies though. Science, literature, and international studies are also popular majors at Middlebury. The institution is also known for having a well balanced tuition rate as well as a higher enrollment rate than other top liberal arts colleges. Middlebury was the first American college to give a bachelor's degree to an African American student, and the first college in New England to go co-ed.Pomona College focuses largely on arts, humanities, and both social and natural sciences. The school was originally created in 1887 to compete with the established schools across New England. While Pomona is a smaller school, it is part of the Claremont Colleges, another consortium of schools that includes five undergraduate and two graduate institutions. All of these schools share adjoining campuses, allowing Pomona students easy access to Scripps College, Claremont McKenna College, Harvey Mudd College, and Pitzer College, in addition to Claremont Graduate University and the Keck Graduate Institute of Applied Life Sciences. Pomona is also well known for providing grants for students to pursue research over the summer.Students applying to college should always consider applying to more then just one. Even if you are confident in your acceptance, some colleges select only a small number of applicants. Liberal arts colleges are a good choice for anyone who intends to later pursue a master's degree or a doctorate. Read up on the profiles of a variety of colleges before you narrow down your list of favorites. These top-rated liberal arts institutions are sure to provide students with a well-rounded educational foundation from which they can pursue any sort of higher degree.Liberal arts colleges in the United States have a few features that are different from other colleges around the world. The U.S. schools typically have much smaller class sizes than other universities, so that more individual attention can be given to each student. U.S. liberal arts colleges are also all residential, allowing many students to live on campus, and on their own for the first time.(MORE)

Ohio offers several excellent and nationally-recognized liberal arts schools, both public and private. Here are the five best Liberal Arts colleges in the state, according to …Forbes and U.S. News & World Report.Located 35 miles outside of Cleveland, Oberlin College is one of the nation's foremost liberal arts schools and one of its most well-known. Oberlin is famous for its history of progressive politics, and it was the first school to admit students regardless of race and the first to offer women co-ed bachelor's degrees. This legacy continues to this day, and Oberlin is one of the most politically-liberal colleges in the country. Oberlin features an acclaimed music conservatory, as well as a top-ranked liberal arts curriculum.Located in Gambier, Kenyon College is known for its idyllic rural setting and beautiful Gothic Revival architecture. Kenyon is one of the most highly-ranked liberal arts schools in the country, and Forbes places it higher than Oberlin (though U.S. News does not). Founded in 1824, Kenyon offers a top-flight English program, and its literary journal, the "Kenyon Review," is nationally-renowned.Despite the name, Denison is primarily a small liberal arts college located in Granville. Denison's location is largely rural, and although students enjoy Granville, which is within walking distance, the location's main attraction is its many beautiful hiking and biking trails. Founded in 1831, Denison prides itself on intimate classroom settings and providing its students with a well-rounded suite of liberal arts courses.Rounding out the list of Ohio's best liberal arts schools is the College of Wooster, located in Wooster. Wooster's claim to fame is that it's the nation's "premier college for mentored undergraduate research." This means, succinctly, that Wooster allows undergrads to commence graduate-style research as early as their freshman year. Each student, "by working in partnership with a faculty member to conceive, organize and complete a significant project on a topic of the student's own choosing," is meant to receive a leg up in their ability to perform the kind of practical work prized by grad schools and employers.Ohio Wesleyan University rounds out what are known as the "Ohio Five," an inter-college consortium comprised of the five schools on this list. Located in Delaware, Ohio Wesleyan is particularly proud of its study abroad program, and it is focused on "theory-to-practice," a comprehensive set of programs designed to get students out of the classroom and applying learned principles to real life. Ohio Wesleyan also offers a range of research grants, which encourages students to take their studies into their own hands.Ohio is a great place to attend school, and as the birthplace of seven U.S. presidents, it has quite the pedigree. If you're interested in receiving a rounded liberal arts education, these five schools are the best the Buckeye State has to offer.Oberlin College has long been a destination for some of the brightest, most creative people in the nation, including Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Franz Wright, playwright Thornton Wilder, writer and actress Lena Dunham and singer Karen O.(MORE)

The worth and dignity of the individual;The inviolability of human rights;The innate equality of all men and races;The necessity for constitutional government;Due process of l…aw;Popular sovereignty as the basis of all political authority;Faith in human reason and enlightenment;The rights of the masses to public education; andBelief in social progress through freedom.(MORE)

I think that there is a fundamental problem with western perceptions of India and this misunderstanding affects western policies towards India (particularly in the US). India …is not a liberal society in the sense that it is not a society that is based on the individual. India is a democratic state in the sense that it routinely holds reasonably fair and free elections. But the fact that it is a democratic does not mean that it is also a liberal society. While it is true that an important strand of India's constitution is liberal, from the beginning of the republic's history the Indian state has had to accommodate a wide range of claims based on group rights (and these assertions of group rights have been incorporated into the constitutional fabric of Indian political life). Westerners must learn to differentiate between India's democracy and the nature of its society (which is not liberal). Indian intellectuals are liberal in a sense but even they are embedded in illiberal social institutions from which there is very little chance of escape: the family which is the basic unit of analysis for Indian society. The west takes notice of this basic illiberalism when it manifests itself in areas relating to civil liberties (and these are disturbing and should be resisted) but these ugly manifestations of illiberalism should not detract from the fact that the Indian state from the very beginning has had to deal with group rights and the way in which is has handled these assertions of group rights has produced a state that is democratic but not liberal. Even for Nehru (who was liberal on social issues but not on economic ones) these compromises were viewed as essential to maintaining the integrity of the Indian state, such that it is. (MORE)

In a democracy following features must be followed 1.Transparency in government 2.Equal separation of powers among the executive, legislature and judiciary 3.Freedom of relig…ion 4.Right to vote 5.Freedom of expression 6.Regular Elections In dictatorship there are not any Features Since a dictatorial country is governed under a single ruler and he governs it with his wishes (MORE)

Democracy

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Hi I am a Senior in college. I love to travel the world. I hope one day to have a future in politics. I remember stumbling upon wikianswers back when I started college. I need a question answer and the first place I was referred to was WA. I was… (MORE)

Answer An electoral democracy is a state whose government is technically determined by popular sovereignty. In other words, people within that country decide who …will govern them, or have the right and ability to vote. Many times, however, democracies are democratic in name only. Elections may be rigged or there may be no real political competition or opposition party. A liberal democracy is one in which both popular sovereignty and liberty are present. Civil liberties place restraints on government. These restraints often come in the form of civil society or institutions that are created to monitor governments and keep them from getting too powerful. A substantive democracy is a functioning democracy. For example, democracy in the US is a representative kind: American citizens elect people to represent them in government and to create legislature. A direct democracy is a New England town meeting sort, in which people vote directly on every matter which concerns them. This is not particularly feasible at a large, national level. (MORE)

Maybe i don't know what I'm talking about but isn't fascism socialism? I know the Nazi party stands for national socialist party. ------------- Fascism… is not socialism; nor is Nazism. There's a lot to explain here, so let's see if I can do it succinctly. 1. Fascism was originally an Italian thing; Nazism (which was German) was somewhat similar in appearance but is actually quite different when you get into the details. Despite this, it's common for Nazism and Fascism to be lumped together and used interchangeably. 2. Nazism is indeed short for "National Socialism". However, it's sort of a misnomer. The Nazi Party's original name was the "German Workers Party", and it was a far-right, racist political group that hated how World War I ended. Hitler took over and was able to better organize and lead it. In the early 1920's, they changed the name of the party to the "National Socialist German Workers Party", basically to make their party sound cooler and make it more popular. They actually strongly opposed Socialism, and when they came to power, the first thing they did was arrest the Socialists. 3. During their rise to power, Hitler and his cronies did say things that seemed like they were Socialists. However, they were mostly doing this as a ploy to gain power, which they would later ignore once in control. Additionally, they tended to couch their "socialism" in racial terms- they were concerned with elevating the "German race" above all other races, not with tradional socialist "class struggle". 3. Fascism was led by Benito Mussolini, who was originally a leading Italian Socialist. He supported Italy joining World War I, which the other Socialists did not. He broke with the party and came up with Fascism, which was a hyper-nationalist, militarist, authoritarian party. Nazism and Fascism differed on two key things in particular: 1. Nazism focused primarily on racism- that German people were good, and Jews, Slavs (Russians, Polish, Serbs, etc) and Africans were bad. Fascism wasn't concerned with racism- at least not at first. When Italy started losing in World War II, Germany basically forced them to become racist too. 2. Fascist economics involved "corporatism"- basically merging big businesses with the government agencies, and letting these new big agencies run the economy. Nazism wasn't particularly concerned with economics, and mostly left big business and capitalists to do whatever they wanted. Now that that's out of the way, back to the original question. Fascists (including, for this purpose, similar forces like the Nazis) distrusted democracy because they felt that a strong central government was necessary to enforce unity and prevent cultural and ethnic differences from causing dissension. They wanted their country to rally around the strong central leader, and not fall to internal divisions. As for Socialism, Fascists (as above, including others) disapproved of it for similar reasons to why distrusted democracy. They felt that national unity was most important, and socialism, with its emphasis on class struggle, was not compatible. (MORE)