Ethnicity

This work is centered on Jewish guerrilla life in the area of Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius), and discussion of the press is decidedly subordinate. The Warsaw Ghetto fighters are honored, and described as consisting of 200 ZOB (Z.O.B) and (the oft-ignored) 400 ZZW (Z.Z.W)(p. 209). A helpful table is provided of the Jewish soldiers found in all the Allied armies. (p. 334). Poles and Lithuanians who aided the local fugitive Jews are also featured in some detail. ((pp. 157-166).
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This book covers Kovner's life in pre-WWII Vilna (Wilno, Vilnius), the Soviet and German occupations, the German-Nazi shootings of Jews at Ponary and the later destruction of the Vilna Ghetto, Kovner's partisan organization and its affiliations and actions, the postwar gatherings of Holocaust survivors, and the decades of Kovner's postwar life in Israel. Interestingly, Kovner was part of an immediate-postwar revenge plot which, if successful, would have led to the deaths of millions of Germans. (pp. 234-236
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THE NATIONAL ARMED FORCES IN THE PODLASIE REGION is the title of this Polish-language book. The geographic area in question is in the extreme eastern-central part of Poland as defined by her post-WWII boundaries
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This anthology, simultaneously published in English and Hebrew, generally adheres to the Jewish-lachrymose template of history. However, it also includes some seldom-mentioned information that I now focus on.

Poland's Jewish problem was largely inherited from Russia. Pawel Korzec writes: "The reactionary Jewish policy of [tsar] Alexander III and the wave of pogroms that engulfed Russia after his coronation in 1881 resulted in a great influx of Russian Jews into Poland--mainly from economically underdeveloped regions of the Russian empire like the Ukraine and Belorussia (and from Moscow after the expulsion of 1892)--into Polish towns and cities then in full industrial expansion. Thus the so-called litvak question came into the existence." (p. 20).
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“One should not close one’s eyes to the fact that Home Army units in the Wilno area were fighting against the Soviet partisans for the liberation of Poland. And that is why the Jews who found themselves on the opposing side perished at the hands of Home Army soldiers —as enemies of Poland, and not as Jews.” Yisrael Gutman Historian, Yad Vashem Institute
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Rescue activities on behalf of Jews were carried out by priests, nuns and monks in more than 900 Roman Catholic Church institutions throughout Poland during World War II. The number of priests and religious involved in these activities was many times higher.