Permian (299.0 to 251.0 mya)

The Permian was the last period of the Paleozoic Era, ending with the largest mass-extinction of all time. The roughly 48-million-year Permian was essentially a transition from amphibian life to reptilian. Although life forms across the planet were affected, sea life was affected the most. Nearly 90% of marine life disappeared by the end of the Permian. On land, giant ferns were largely replaced by seed-bearing plants and the stage was set for the Age of Dinosaurs. The Permian world was dominated by a single supercontinent, Pangaea, surrounded by a global ocean. The marshy forests of the Carboniferous gave way to vast inland deserts suited to the development of reptiles. By the end of the Permian, amphibian dominance was over.

Permian (299.0 to 251.0 mya)

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