Distribution and Habitat - the heart of Scandinavia to southern Europe, grows in the plain to 2700 m altitude, on the rocks grows in thicket or forest edges. They prefer warm or temperate environments, and soils poor in nitrogenous substances. Is associated with Cornus mas, Crataegus monogyna, Ligustrum vulgaris, Prunus spinosa, Rosa canina and Rubus idaeus.