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Abstract:

The invention provides systems and methods of for displaying on a second
instrument finger positions that were played on a first instrument. A
teacher, for example, can play notes and/or chords on a first stringed
instrument having a sensor. A processing having a decoder and a message
generator can receive signals from the sensor and generate messages that
are communicated to a light-system in the second instrument. The
light-system displays the finger positions on the second instrument, each
finger position corresponding to a finger position played on the first
instrument. The processor can receive sensor information from the second
information that can be used to determine whether a displayed finger
position was correctly played on the second instrument.

Claims:

1. A system for displaying finger positions on a second instrument based
on finger positions played on a first instrument, the system comprising:
a first instrument having at least one sensor; and a second instrument
having a light-system, the second instrument adapted to communicate with
the first instrument, wherein finger positions played on the first
instrument are illuminated on the second instrument.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the finger positions are illuminated on
the second instrument in real-time with respect to the finger positions
played on the first instrument.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of second
instruments, each second instrument adapted to communicate with the first
instrument, wherein finger positions played on the first instrument are
illuminated on each of the second instruments.

4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a footswitch, the footswitch
adapted to receive finger position data from the first instrument and
communicate finger position data to the second instrument.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the footswitch includes a user
interface adapted to allow a user to manipulate the lights on the second
instrument.

6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a processor, the processor
adapted to receive signals from the first instrument and adapted to
communicate instructions for illuminating finger positions to the second
instrument.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the processor is disposed in a
footswitch.

8. The system of claim 6, wherein the processor comprises a decoder and a
message generator.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the decoder is coupled to the sensor,
the decoder receives signals from the sensor to determine a frequency of
a vibrating string.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the message generator receives a
frequency of a vibrating string and determines a finger position.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein the second instrument is adapted to
communicate with the first instrument via any of the group consisting of
electrical wires, electrical cables, wireless transmissions, digital
networking, digital communications, Internet, radio frequencies, optical
coupling and combinations thereof.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor is adapted to
detect the vibration of one or more strings.

13. The system of claim 12, further comprising a processor adapted to
receive vibration data from the sensor and determine the frequency of at
least one string.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the second instrument has at least one
sensor, the second instrument adapted to cause finger positions played on
the second instrument to be communicated to any of a processor, a first
instrument having a light system, a further second instrument, and a
combination thereof.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the first instrument is of a different
type of instrument than a type of the second instrument.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the second instrument has a
fingerboard, the fingerboard comprising: an elongated structure having a
top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface sized to be disposed
on an upper surface of a neck base of the second instrument, the top
surface having at least one finger position; and an opening in the bottom
surface and a well extending therefrom toward, but not through, the top
surface, the well sized to receive a light-emitting device and has a
height measured from the bottom surface to allow light from the light
emitting device to be visible to a player of the instrument, the opening
disposed at a location designating the finger position on the top
surface.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the second instrument has a neck
assembly, the neck assembly comprising: an elongated neck structure
having a head end and a body end, the body end adapted to mate with a
body of a second instrument, and the structure having an upper surface
adapted to mate with a fingerboard; an elongated fingerboard structure
having a top surface and a bottom surface, the bottom surface sized to be
disposed on an upper surface of the neck, the top surface having at least
one finger position; and an opening in the bottom surface of the
fingerboard and a well extending therefrom toward, but not through, the
top surface, the well sized to receive a light-emitting device and has a
height measured from the bottom surface to allow light from the
light-emitting device to be visible to a player of the instrument, the
opening disposed at a location designating the finger position on the top
surface.

18. A system for displaying finger positions on an instrument based on
finger position data stored on a storage medium, the system comprising:
an instrument having a light-system; and a storage medium having finger
position information stored thereon, wherein the finger position
information stored in the storage medium can be displayed on the
instrument.

19. The system of claim 18, further comprising a sensor mounted on the
instrument adapted to sense finger positions and communicate with a
processor.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is adapted to compare
finger positions played on the instrument with finger position data
stored in the storage medium.

21. The system of claim 18, wherein the storage medium further comprises
audio/visual information relating to finger position information.

22. The system of claim 21, wherein the audio/visual information
comprises any of the group consisting of a training lecture, a training
video, a pre-recorded concert, and an artist playing an instrument.

23. The system of claim 18, wherein the storage medium is any of the
group consisting of digital video disk ("DVD/HDDVD"), compact disk
("CD"), on-line storage, hard disk, firmware and hardware storage
devices.

24. The system of claim 18, wherein the finger positions are displayed on
a plurality of instruments, each instrument having a light-system that
receives messages based on the finger position information.

25. A method for teaching, the method comprising: providing a first
instrument having at least one sensor and a second instrument having a
light-system and adapted to communicate with the first instrument;
playing the first instrument; and displaying finger positions played on
the first instrument on the second instrument.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the finger positions displayed on the
second instrument are displayed as at least one illuminated light on a
fretboard.

27. The method of claim 26, further comprising the step of controlling
the lights of the light-system with a user interface.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising the step of pressing a
button on a footswitch to turn the lights on the second instrument on or
off.

29. The method of claim 27, wherein the lights on the second instrument
remain illuminated only while the sensor detects finger position
information.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein pressing a button on the footswitch
causes the lights on the second instrument to remain illuminated after
the sensor no longer detects finger position information.

Description:

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent
Application No. 60/674,798 entitled, "Methods and Apparatus For
Transmitting Finger Positions To Stringed Instruments Having A
Light-System," by John R. Shaffer filed Apr. 26, 2005, incorporated
herein by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Learning to play the Guitar is difficult and time consuming. Even
with an instructor, learning to play well can be challenging at best. One
particular difficulty is learning the layout of the notes on a guitar
fretboard and learning to press the correct strings (known as fretting).
In a conventional learning scenario a novice player looks at diagrams of
chords and scales displayed in a book, sheet music, chord chart, or on a
computer screen, and attempts to place his of her fingers on the guitar
fretboard corresponding to information on the diagram. This task is
painstakingly slow and arduous and much of the information is lost in
translating the information from text to fretboard. In addition, physical
movement of the player's eyes from the diagram to the fretboard can cause
confusion. Students are invariably relegated to a head-bobbing motion,
back and forth, from diagram to guitar, until they place their fingers in
the correct positions.

[0003] In some cases, a student will hire a guitar teacher to show them
the correct finger positions. The teacher will place his or her fingers
in a correct position on a guitar and the student will look on and
attempt to mimic the teacher's movements. However, this approach suffers
from the same drawbacks as the student looking at a book--the student
must look back and forth between the student's guitar and the teacher's
guitar. Another drawback is that guitar teachers can usually only teach
one or two students at a time, making lessons expensive.

[0004] Accordingly, there exists a need to efficiently and effectively
teach one or more students to play a musical instrument, and in
particular, to play a stringed instrument.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The present invention provides apparatus and methods for teaching
one or more students to play a musical instrument, and in general, a
stringed instrument. In one embodiment, the apparatus provides
recognition of finger positions played on a first stringed instrument,
and causes those finger positions to be displayed or otherwise
illuminated on one or more second stringed instruments. For example, a
teacher can play notes and/or chords (hereinafter collectively and
interchangeable referred to as "chords") on the first instrument. One or
more students can each have a second instrument each having a
light-system. The apparatus detects finger positions played on the first
instrument and transmits them to the one or more second instruments
whereupon the light-system in each of the second instruments displays the
finger positions. Thus, the finger positions played by the teacher are
displayed on the one or more student-instruments. Advantageously, this
provides for methods of teaching one or more students to play stringed
instruments without the need for head-bobbing, translating chord
diagrams, and the like.

[0006] In another embodiment, the apparatus provides for transmitting
chord patterns played on a first instrument to one or more second
instruments each having a light-system, where the second instruments are
coupled to a processor in communication with a processor coupled to the
first instrument. The first and second processors may be the same
processor, or they may be different ones. The processors may communicate
in a variety of ways including wired and wireless communications, such as
networked, Internet communications, Bluetooth®, or they can utilize
other technologies.

[0007] In still another embodiment, the apparatus can utilize a
pre-recorded lesson that comprises musical notes and/or instructions, and
also comprises finger positions that can be read from that pre-recording
and displayed on one or more second instruments. Thus, although a teacher
may be involved in the recording of the "lesson," that teacher need not
be present for the students to receive instruction on playing the
stringed instruments. In a related aspect, the recording need not be
directed toward a lesson per se, but rather, could be a recording artist,
concert or other recording enabling the player(s) of the second
instrument(s) to copy or otherwise play along with the recording artist.

[0008] In another aspect, the apparatus can detect the finger positions
played on one or more second instrument thereby providing feedback to a
teacher for determining whether the students' fingers are properly placed
and/or if the student is playing the correct notes.

[0009] Further still, in another embodiment, a musical performer can play
a first instrument, as described above, and his or her finger positions
can be broadcast via Internet, satellite or other means, to an audience
each having a second instrument with a light-system. Thus, members of the
audience can see the finger positions used by the performer.

[0010] Other embodiments are envisioned and are within the scope of this
application, and those embodiments will be appreciated by those skilled
in the art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0011] Additional benefits and advantages of the present invention will
become apparent to those skilled in the art to which this invention
relates from the subsequent description of illustrated embodiments and
the appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,
in which:

[0012]FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention having a first stringed
instrument with a sensor that is coupled to a digital processor executing
a program that detects finger positions played on that instrument and
communicates those finger positions to a second instrument having a
light-system that displays those finger positions on the second
instrument;

[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of the invention having footswitch
with a decoder and a message generator that detects finger positions
played on a first instrument and communicates those finger positions to a
second instrument having a light-system that displays those finger
positions on the second instrument;

[0014] FIG. 3 is a detailed view of the footswitch shown in FIG. 2;

[0015] FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the invention having footswitch
with a wireless communication device, a decoder and a message generator
that detects finger positions played on a first instrument and
communicates those finger positions to a second instrument having a
wireless communication device and light-system that displays those finger
positions on the second instrument; and

[0016] FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a method for transmitting messages to
a light-system for displaying finger positions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0017] The invention provides, in one embodiment, apparatus and methods
for displaying on a second instrument having a light system, finger
positions played on a first instrument. A first person, such as but not
limited to a teacher, instructor or performer, can play the first
instrument by pressing down on its strings at one or more finger
positions, e.g., in the usual manner of playing that instrument. The
finger positions relate to notes and/or chords (herein, "notes" and
"chords" are used interchangeably, and "finger positions" refer to the
finger positions used while playing a note, notes and/or chords). Those
finger positions can be detected and/or identified by the apparatus, and
transmitted to one or more second instruments, each of those having a
light system that can display finger positions.

[0018] The methods and apparatus disclosed herein are described in terms
of use with a "guitar" or "stringed instrument," however, the present
invention is not limited to a guitar or stringed instrument, but rather,
can be used with any instrument having finger positions. For example, a
guitar (acoustic, electric, base, 6 string, 12 string), banjo, piano,
keyboard (electronic), violin, cello, brass instrument, wind instrument,
and combinations thereof. In addition, one skilled in the art will
appreciate that different types of instruments can be used together with
the systems described herein. For example, a teacher could play notes
and/or chords on a keyboard instrument and the apparatus can display
appropriate finger positions to be played on a stringed instrument, e.g.,
a guitar. Thus, finger positions that are displayed on the second
instrument can be based on notes and/or chords played on the first
instrument via a translation or interpretation, for example. Further,
references herein to "a" or "the" second instrument should be understood
to include one or more second instruments, as it will become apparent
that the embodiments illustrated herein are directed to one or more
second instruments and each second instrument can be of a varying type,
e.g., those types listed above.

[0019] In one embodiment, at least one of the instruments is a guitar
having a light system. For example, light systems such those described in
U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,266,735 and 4,915,005, hereby incorporated by reference
in their entirety, have been shown to be useful. Further, stringed
instruments utilizing those light-systems can also utilize fingerboards
that can accommodate light-emitting devices including LEDs, such as
fingerboards described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/005,828,
filed Dec. 7, 2005 by John R. Shaffer, and entitled, "Stringed Instrument
Fingerboard For Use With a Light-System," which is also incorporated
herein in its entirety.

[0020] Finger positions played on a first instrument can be displayed or
otherwise illuminated on one or more second instruments, allowing players
of the second instruments to visually identify finger positions played on
the first instrument. In one embodiment, the finger positions can be
illuminated on the second instruments in near real-time (e.g., virtually
or nearly simultaneously) with the playing of the first instrument,
allowing students to quickly identify a finger position or positions
played by a teacher. That avoids the necessity of the student translating
chart diagrams, or head-bobbing between the teacher's instrument and his
or her own instrument. In another embodiment, finger positions can be
displayed on the second instrument for longer time period, e.g., the
positions are "painted" on the second instrument, allowing a student to
study the finger position for that time period. Further, because the
teacher's finger positions can be transmitted to a plurality of students
via, for example, digital communication technologies, a single teacher
can display finger positions on a group of second instruments each of
which has a light-system that can be coupled to its own processor to
receive the finger positions from a processor coupled to the teacher's
instrument. Thus, a teacher's finger positions can transmitted to
multiple instruments each located at different physical locations, e.g.,
each at the player's home or office.

[0021]FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of apparatus according to the
invention having a decoder 106, a message generator 108 and a footswitch
110. The decoder 106 receives information, e.g., string data, from a
sensor 126 mounted on or embedded in a first instrument 104 illustrated
as a six-stringed guitar, and decodes and/or identifies notes and or
chords played on the first instrument. The message generator 108 receives
that note/chord information and determines finger positions played on the
first stringed instrument 104. Based on those finger positions, message
generator 108 generates and communicates messages to a light-system 112
in a second instrument 102 also illustrated as a six-stringed guitar. The
light-system 112 displays or otherwise illuminates those finger positions
on the second instrument. Footswitch 110 is electrically disposed between
the system 100 and the light-system 112, and can toggle or otherwise
select operational features of the light-system 112 and/or message
generator 108. Thus, the apparatus provides for identifying finger
positions played on a first instrument 104 and displaying those finger
positions on the second instrument 102 having a light-system 112.

[0022] Decoder 106 illustrated is a Musical Instrument Digital Interface
(hereinafter, "MIDI") decoder that receives string information from a
MIDI sensor 126 (also commonly referred to as a "MIDI Pick-up") via
electrical connection/cable 114. By way of brief background, MIDI is a
protocol designed for representing notes played on an instrument as a set
of metrics. Rather than sensing and digitizing music, for example as a
so-called wave file ("WAV") or other analog-to-digital conversion of
music itself, MIDI generates quantified metrics representing the notes of
the music. For example, a MIDI protocol can represent a note using a
numeric, e.g., note 1 through note 128 where note 1 is the lowest note
and note 128 is the highest note. A MIDI protocol can represent a played
note by "note-on" and "note-off" metrics indicating the duration of that
note and its temporal relation to other notes played, e.g., duration of 1
through 128. It can represent a note's intensity, for example, where
intensity of 1 can be very soft while an intensity of 128 can be very
loud.

[0023] With that understanding of MIDI protocol, decoder 106 analyzes
sensor information outputs data and outputs metrics representing (at
least) notes played on first instrument 104. Decoder 106 is preferably
matched or otherwise compatible with sensor 126, as noted above. Sensor
126 can identify notes played along any of six strings illustrated on the
first instrument 104, such being a six-stringed guitar. Decoder 106 can,
in one embodiment, sense each vibrating string via sensor 126 in a
round-robin fashion, or can receive information relative to each string
in a parallel fashion, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment,
decoder 106 receives string information only when a string is vibrating
and/or has an amplitude exceeding a threshold, for example. Although
sensor 126 can determine and relay to decoder 106 a frequency of each
vibrating string, in one embodiment, it can also determine and relay
amplitude and/or tonal aspects of one or more strings such as note
attack, vibrato, and other characteristics. Decoder 106 has the
capability to filter extraneous vibrations such as harmonics and the
like, as well as the ability to determine when a note or vibration
changes in frequency to determine when and/or if a subsequent note or
chord has been played.

[0024] Thus, although a MIDI sensor and decoder are illustrated, it will
be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other protocols can be
used, and indeed, techniques other than quantified metrics can be
utilized as along as decoder 106 and sensor 126 are compatible, e.g.,
that sensor can transmit to decoder string data (e.g., frequency of
strings) played on the first instrument, and decoder can determine notes
and/or chords played based on the received string data.

[0025] Thus, MIDI sensor 126, as stated above, can have a plurality of
sensors, one sensor for each string of the instrument 104. In the
illustrated embodiment of a six-string guitar 104, MIDI sensor 126
preferably has six sensors (e.g., detectors), one for each string of the
guitar. In one embodiment using a four-string bass guitar, a MIDI pickup
can have four string sensors, one for each of the four strings of that
bass guitar, or it can have a multiple of four string sensors where each
string sensor can sense differing characteristics of a single string,
e.g., frequency, duration, amplitude, or even the same characteristics
for redundancy for increased measurement precision. In one embodiment,
sensor 126 contains electronics that can perform filtering or can
digitize string information before transmitting the information to
decoder 106. Further, sensors 126 can be microphones or of crystal based
technologies, or can be of an optical variety, all of which are
advantageous in the case where strings are non-metallic or otherwise
non-detectable using magnetic sensing techniques. In embodiments where
sensor 126 requires power, electrical cable 114 can be adapted to provide
that power from a source within decoder 106, or from battery packs, or
otherwise.

[0026] Sensor 126 as illustrated generates a sine-wave or quasi-sine wave
signals, also referred to as vibration data, having at least one cycle or
period at or near the frequency of the vibrating string, and an amplitude
corresponding to an amplitude of that vibrating string. Decoder 106 is
therefore capable of receiving the "wave" based signals and determining
attributes of the note played, e.g., identifying the note and generating
quantified metrics as described above. There are, of course, other
techniques of detecting a frequency and amplitude of vibrating strings,
and some of those techniques have been successfully adapted to musical
instruments having strings and will be appreciated by those skilled in
the art.

[0027] As illustrated, cable 114 is adapted to be a MIDI cable having a
so-called MIDI connector to couple with decoder 106. In one embodiment
where sensor 126 can be powered via batteries and information can be
transmitted to decoder 106 via wireless techniques, batteries can be
provided for power requirements. Alternatively or in conjunction with,
sensor 126 may have analog to digital conversion capability to facility
digital transmission with decoder 106, and/or can also receive data from
decoder 106 in a bi-directional manner. In such embodiment, cable 114 can
be adapted for use with those decoders and sensors. Other configurations
are possible and may be useful as long decoder 106 and sensor 126 can
communicate as required.

[0028] Message generator 108 receives data from the decoder 106 via
electrical cable 116 and generates messages having finger position data
instructing the light-system 112 in the second instrument 102 to
illuminate one or more LEDs thereby displaying the finger positions that
were played on the first instrument 104. Message generator 108 can
process the quantified data from the decoder 106 in a wide variety of
ways. For example, message generator 108 can generate and transmit in
near real-time to the second instrument 102 finger position data
reflecting finger positions that were played on the first instrument 104.
Alternatively, or together with, message generator 108 can store or
otherwise record (e.g., on disk, DVD/HDDVD, CD, or other storage media)
finger positions (e.g., finger position data) played on the first
instrument 104, optionally with additional MIDI data, WAV files, video
content or other data, and can be "played" or "re-played" thereafter.
Those recordings can be useful for pre-recorded lessons and can provide a
"play along" opportunity for prior concerts or artist recordings, and
other uses are envisioned and will be appreciated.

[0029] Message generator 108 has a program, e.g., a computer program,
implemented on a lap-top computer system, although such program and
indeed, a message generator, can be implemented on any system, hardware
and/or firmware that is capable of receiving note and/or chord data from
decoder 106 and generating messages suitable for a light-system to
illuminate finger positions. In one embodiment, message generator 108 and
decoder 106 are implemented in a single enclosure, and/or can be
implemented using one or more processors, either shared or discrete, and
this is illustrated below (FIG. 2). Of course, either or both of the
message generator 108 and decoder 106 can be implemented using virtually
any combination of hardware, software and/or firmware, whether shared or
stand-alone, using one or more processors, analog and/or digital
hardware, custom designed circuitry such as PLAs, and/or firmware.
Further, although decoder 106 and message generator 108 are coupled via
cable 116, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in
other embodiments other arrangements, e.g., networks, optical, shared
components, wireless and other means for communication can be used.

[0030] Footswitch 110 is illustrated as electrically disposed between the
message generator 108 and light-system 112 via electrical cables 118 120,
respectively, and can receive finger position data from the first
instrument 104 and communicate finger position data to the second
instrument 102. Footswitch 110 illustrated has having two foot-activated
buttons 122 124, however there can be more or less foot-activated buttons
in differing embodiments. Illustrated, however, each button 112 124 can
toggle functions or make selections in the operation in the message
generator 106 and/or allow a user to manipulate the lights on the second
instrument 102. For example, the message generator 108 can receive inputs
from the first player or teacher via pressing a button 112 and/or 124 on
the footswitch 110 causing a finger position(s) illuminated on the second
instrument 102 to remain illuminated even after a string has stopped
vibrating (or when the strength of the string vibration has dropped to an
undetectable level). Thus, the finger position played on the first
instrument is "painted" on the second instrument until a further input is
received by the message generator 108 to instruct light system 112 to
proceed or otherwise change the display. By way of further non-limiting
example, button 122 and/or 124 can toggle whether the message generator
108 creates messages corresponding to right-handed or left-handed second
stringed instruments, that is, to switch the "handedness" of the second
instrument.

[0031] Turning now to the second instrument 102, there can be multiple
second instruments 102, and such as would be appropriate for a class of
students, for example. Thus, an instructor can play a note or notes on
the first instrument 104, and corresponding finger positions will be
displayed on each of the second instruments 102. Thus, the instructor can
have multiple students.

[0032] Second instruments 102 can have a sensor 128 that operates
generally as described above in conjunction with decoder 106 and message
generator 108. Thus, feedback can be provided to an instructor or to a
computer program, for example, to determine whether a student playing the
second instrument 102 played the correct note. For example, the first
instrument 104 can have a light-system that displays the finger positions
played on the second instrument 102. In one embodiment, a separate
display such as a computer screen or other display device can illustrate
finger positions played on one or more second instruments, thus, enabling
an instructor to receive feedback from multiple second instruments. In
the case of pre-recorded lessons and/or other music/finger position
lessons, the message generator 108 can compare feedback from the second
instrument with pre-recorded finger positions to make such determination.
A wide variety of exception handling can be programmed into the message
generator 108, e.g., continue after receiving a correct response from the
second instrument, repeat last instruction until a correct feedback
response is received, or provide further instruction when an erroneous
finger position is played on the second instrument, to enumerate but a
few exception handling routines. Of course, those skilled in the art will
appreciate that a virtually any action--or note at all--can be utilized
upon receiving feedback indicating a correct or erroneous finger position
was played on the second instrument.

[0033] Referring to the first instrument 104, it does not have to be
located in proximity with the one or more second instruments 102. For
example, the instructor using a first instrument 104 may be located in a
studio and each of the students using a second instrument may be located
at their respective homes connected with the instructor via Internet. One
skilled in the art will appreciate that the first 104 and second 102
instruments can have a variety of physical locations dependant only on
the ability to communicate between the first and second instruments. In
one embodiment, the second instrument is coupled to a processor located
in proximity to that second instrument, and the first instrument is
coupled to a processor located in its proximity where the processors are
coupled via wireless, Internet, network, or other communication means. Of
course, wherein the second instrument is in proximity to the first
instrument, the processors are merged into a single processor.

[0034] While the word "instructor" or "teacher" is used herein, it should
be appreciated that the player of the first instrument need not be a
guitar teacher. For example, a well known artist can play the first
instrument and the "students" may observe differing finger patterns used
by that artist. Further, the first instrument need not be played in
real-time, but the "lesson" may be recorded or otherwise delayed for
transmission to the students. Thus, it is possible to provide a
pre-recorded medium, e.g., a CD or DVD/HDDVD, containing information
necessary to display finger positions on the second instrument(s), as
already noted above.

[0035] FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of an apparatus according to the
invention that has a footswitch 202 that receives signals from a pickup
126 mounted on or embedded in a first instrument 104, and generates
finger positions information that is received by a light-system 112 in a
second instrument 102. The footswitch 202 has a decoder and a message
generator having functionality such as described above, but packaged in a
single enclosure, and indeed, can be implemented on a single or more
processor executing one or more computer programs, or using a wide
variety of hardware, software and/or firmware components. A display 204
provides operational parameters and other information to a user, and in
one embodiment, provides means for selecting operational parameters
including manipulating the light of the light-system 112. Footswitch 202
is illustrated as coupled to sensor 126 via electrical cable 206, and
also coupled to light-system 112 via electrical cable 208. In one
embodiment, however, other communication techniques are used, e.g.,
wireless, networked, Internet, and others such as listed above.
Electrical requirements are provided via electrical cord 226, however,
footswitch 202 can have an internal power supply, e.g., batteries. Thus,
it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that footswitch 202
provides a very portable single package control system.

[0036] Details and features of footswitch 202 can more easily be
understood in conjunction with FIG. 3 and the following description.
Footswitch 202 has a display 204, illuminating indicators 210-216, input
selection push-buttons 218-224 and two foot-activated switches 206 208.
Note/chord information from sensor 126 (FIG. 2) is received via
electrical cable 226. Generated messages containing finger position data
are transmitted to the light-system 112 (FIG. 2) via electrical cable
208.

[0037] Display 204 can be a substantially flat display of a liquid crystal
variety, and is capable of displaying information to a user. In general,
it can display MIDI input information and selections related to operation
of the footswitch 202, e.g., the decoder and/or message generator
embedded in the footswitch 202, including error messages, operating
parameters and the like. Further, it can display operating selections
such as the status of a MIDI Device, whether the output is generated for
a right-hand or left-hand instrument, whether the light-system 112 of the
second instrument 102 is active or inactive, and whether sequential
finger positions displayed by the light-system 112 should be in real-time
with respect to the first instrument 102, toggled via a foot-activated
switch 206 (e.g., "painted"), or otherwise delayed or slowed. Of course,
it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that those features
listed herein are non-limiting examples and the display can be of other
varieties and curved or non-flat. Further, display 204 can be of a
tactile variety such as a so-called touch screen, and in that case,
input-selections push buttons 281-224 may be omitted or otherwise have a
fewer number since selections can be made by touching the screen 204.

[0038] Indicators 210-216 can be illuminated by the message generator
and/or decoder in footswitch 202 to indicate that certain functions
and/or selections are active, and additionally or alternatively, can
indicate a status of information received or ready to be communicated to
the light-system 112. For example, if indicator 210 is illuminated, the
user can be alerted that the message generator is in a paused state
meaning that finger positions from the first stringed instrument are
being received and held in queue, waiting for the user to toggle (via
foot-activated button 206) to output the next finger position played on
the first instrument 104. Indicator light 212 can be illuminated to
indicate to the user that the MIDI device is in a tuning mode rather than
a playing mode. Those are only examples and those skilled in the art will
appreciate that there may be more or less indicators, each alerting a
user of a state or operating selection of the decoder and/or message
generator.

[0039] Input selection push-buttons 218-224 can be used to provide binary
or other inputs. Although push-buttons 218-224 are illustrated as push
buttons, in other embodiments that can be virtually any device that is
capable of providing an input, and indeed, they need not provide only
binary input (e.g., on and off), but rather, can be multi-selector
capable of multiple positions, each position a discrete input. Such is
the case where multiple-position switches are used. In any event, input
selection push-buttons illustrated correspond to operational selections
of the apparatus, for example, to enable or disengage the MIDI device,
operating in right-hand or left-hand mode, place the light-system in
operating or off mode, and to generate signals to the light-system in
real time or change the indicator lights only when requested, or to allow
a user to manipulate the light of the light-system 112. Of course, those
are just examples, and others will be appreciated by those skilled in the
art.

[0040] Footswitch 202 can be powered via power cord 226 that is
illustrated as a standard power cord suitable for providing household
voltage and current to the footswitch 202, although in one embodiment a
transformer type plug is provided where the footswitch 202 requires a
lower voltage, e.g., a 12 volt system. Alternatively, footswitch 202 can
be powered by internal or external batteries, although such arrangement
can restrict operating duration due to power considerations.

[0041] FIG. 4 illustrates a further embodiment of a footswitch 400
according to the invention that has a wireless communication device 406
coupled to or integrated with a decoder and message generator as
generally described above, and is packaged as a footswitch 400 also as
generally described above (FIG. 2). The wireless communication device 406
is compatible with a second wireless communication device 408 that is
coupled to the light-system 112 of the second stringed instrument 102. It
will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that wireless
communication can be any communication between devices that utilizes
air-waves as a medium, and includes 802.11 standards, Bluetooth
technologies, burst and/or radio frequency including AM and/or FM
frequencies, for example, but preferable, communication devices 406 and
408 are compatible.

[0042] FIG. 5 is a flow chart 500 that shows a method according to the
invention for identifying finger positions played on a first stringed
instrument and communicating those finger positions to a light-system of
a second stringed instrument. Subsequent to starting 502 and initializing
504 a control system, the steps of decoding 506 and generating messages
508 are performed. Although decoding 506 is a prerequisite to generating
messages 508, generally, the steps can be performed asynchronously and
decoded metric data 510 can be pipelined or otherwise provided for
generating messages as is becomes available. Thus, it can be advantageous
to implant a control system on a multi-processor system, or on a single
processor that has a capability to perform the steps of decoding and
generating messages quickly enough to allow real-time processing of
incoming sensor data without noticeable delay in generating messages for
a light-system.

[0043] The step of decoding 506 involves detecting vibrating strings 512
for producing string data, filtering the string data 514, identifying
notes 516 based on the string data and generating metrics 518 based on
the notes played. Although the steps can be implemented using a wide
variety of methods, as illustrated, they are described herein to provide
an understanding of a high-level method for decoding music played on a
stringed instrument.

[0044] Detecting vibrating strings 512 can be accomplished using a variety
of methods, but as illustrated, polling 532 sensor such as the ones
described above (e.g., the sensors sensing each string) is performed at
timed intervals. Sensors of that type produce a sine wave signal having a
frequency of the vibrating string it is sensing, and corresponding
amplitude. Preferably an amplitude threshold is selected to determine
whether the amplitude is of sufficient magnitude to indicate a vibrating
string or rather merely an induced vibration from other causes, e.g.,
other vibrating strings or movement of the instrument in the hands of the
user during normal playing. Further, timing of the polling must be of
selected such that notes played concurrently (e.g., in a chord) are
detected as being played together, yet also able to detect transitions
between notes played to detect a subsequent note and/or chord. Those
skilled in the art will appreciate that polling of sensors can be
accomplished in other ways, and indeed, polling is not necessary when
digital or other active type sensors are used, and/or parallel monitoring
is used, and detecting vibrating strings can be accomplished differently
depending on different pickups and sensors selected for use. If one or
more vibrating strings are detected, the vibration data is filtered.

[0045] Filtering 514 of the string data removes extraneously data so that
a note identifier metric can be determined based on the frequency of the
string. Extraneous data includes, but is not limited to, harmonics, noise
induced from adjacent vibrating strings, and other noises. In one
embodiment, sensor data can be digitized and a numerical filtering
process can be used to filter string data. Advantageously, because
metrics are generated rather than a digitized music, filtering can be
accomplished using methods with less precision that would otherwise be
necessary were the music to be recorded by digital means, e.g., in WAV
format. In one embodiment, hardware/firmware can be implemented for
filtering the sensor data, although it can also be accomplished using
software implemented on a processor or any combination thereof.

[0046] Generating metrics 518 involves identifying notes 516 and producing
quantified metrics 518 based on the notes. Identifying a note 516 can be
accomplished by utilizing look-up tables, numerical analysis, or other
methods that will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. A given
note can be determined based on the frequency of a string, thus, when the
string and frequency is known, the note can be determined and hence, a
quantified metric assigned. Preferably, an error threshold is set to
account for variances of the frequency, e.g., tuning constraints, finger
misplacement within a given tolerance, and vibrato characteristics of the
note. Thus, a given note can be within a upper and lower bound of a
frequency, but consideration should be given should the frequency of
notes overlap as that would produce ambiguity that could only be resolved
using further methods not illustrated here, but that would be appreciated
by those skilled in the art, e.g., artificial intelligence or
anticipatory algorithms. In one embodiment, identifying notes 516 also
performs chord analysis wherein multiple notes, each played on a
respective string, are passed for producing metrics, and indeed, each
string may be assigned a channel or other identifier and be processed
independently of other channels.

[0047] Generating metrics 518 can also be accomplished by utilizing a
look-up table containing string data related to note data. Metrics can
include such items as a string identifier or channel number (e.g., a
number between 1 and 6) and an identification of the note played on that
string (e.g., a number between 1 and 128). Additional metrics can be
defined and used such as note-on/note-off data, relative volume of the
played note, and other, and may be useful in embodiment where the played
music is also recorded for future playback, for example, through
so-called MIDI synthesis.

[0048] Turning now to generating messages 508, metric data 510 can be used
for generating finger positions 526. A given note played on a given
string can be applied to a lookup table, for example, indicating a finger
position engaged along that string. Further, notes of a chord can be
packaged or otherwise grouped to produce chord data. Of course, in other
embodiments other methods can be used to determine a finger position such
as formulas and/or analysis.

[0049] Generating commands 528 produces finger position data, e.g.,
instructions or messages, for a light-system to illuminate one or more
LEDs in an LED matrix in accord with the finger positions generated as
described above. The light-system has an LED matrix disposed in a
fingerboard of a stringed instrument, here, in at least the second
stringed instrument. Commands cause the light-system to activate and/or
de-activate selected LEDs of the matrix, allowing a player of the
instrument to visualize finger positions. Each note or chord played is
represented by at least one light of the light-system.

[0050] Generating commands 528 can include operational features and/or
selections that produce desired messages to the light system, and that
allow a user to manipulate the light-system or its lights. For example,
one operational feature results in messages suitable for use with a
light-system in a left-handed instrument 534. Another operational feature
results a pause function 536 that maintains a current illumination
pattern rather that progressing to a next finger position pattern in real
time. That allows a student to study a finger position for a time period
before proceeding to a next finger position. To accommodate that
function, subsequent light-system messages can be queued by the message
generator, for example, and issued upon request, e.g., via a
foot-activated switch.

[0051] Transmitting commands 530 involves the steps of moving or otherwise
commutating commands to a driver and/or transmission device. For example,
if a light-system receives commands via a USB port, commands would be
communicated to an appropriate driver. Further, should the light-system
be in wireless communication, that appropriate driver would be utilized.

[0052] Thus, through use of control system such as those described here, a
method of teaching the use of a stringed instrument is possible. The
method includes obtaining a first stringed instrument, that instrument
having at least one string and a pickup mounted thereon or therein. Then,
the method includes a step of coupling the pickup to a control system,
the coupling being any means for the pickup to send to the control system
information regarding vibrating strings on the first instrument, e.g.,
wire, cable, wireless transmission, or otherwise. Then, the method
includes a step of obtaining a second stringed instrument having a
light-system. The second stringed instrument can, but need not, be
similar to the first stringed instrument. The light-system is as
generally described above and preferable has a light-matrix disposed in
the fingerboard of the second stringed instrument, each light disposed
such that when illuminated it indicates a finger position to be engaged
by the student playing the second stringed instrument. The method
includes a next step of coupling the second stringed instrument to the
control system using any technique that is appropriate, e.g., wire, cable
wireless transmission, internet or otherwise. The method includes a next
step of the teaching playing one or more notes on the first instrument,
causing the finger positions played by the teacher to be illuminated on
the second instrument. The method includes a next step of the student
observing the illuminated finger positions and engaging strings of the
second stringed instrument at those finger positions. Thus, the student
is taught to play the second stringed instrument.

[0053] Further provided herein are methods for instructing one or more
students. One or more sensors 126 can be installed on a first stringed
instrument 104, preferably a frequency-detecting sensor for each string
of that instrument. An instructor can couple or otherwise connect (or
initiate a wireless connection) to a first digital processor 108 (or
interface thereto) using any of a plurality of means such as USB,
parallel, wireless, optical, Infra-Red or other communication means. The
student(s) can couple a second stringed instrument 102, respectively,
having a light-system 112 to a digital processor which can be the first
processor 108 mention above or a separate processor that can receive
and/or send information to/from the first processor. In a first step, the
instructor plays a note or notes, or a series of notes and/or notes using
finger positions. The sensors 126 detect/collect string vibration
information and communicate that information to the first processor 108.
The processor 108 (and/or a program associated with the processor)
determines which finger positions were played on the first instrument
104. Those finger positions are communicated to the second instrument(s)
102 either directly or via a second or more processors. The one or more
second instruments 102 receive data from the first processor 108 and
illuminate the finger positions along the light-system corresponding to
the first instrument.

[0054] Illustrative embodiments of the invention being thus described,
variations, modifications and adaptations to various processing devices
and chassis configurations will occur to those skilled in the art, and
these are considered to be within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Accordingly, the invention is not to be limited by what has been
particularly shown and described, but is understood to encompass such
variations, modifications and adaptations as will occur to those skilled
in the art, as defined by the claims appended hereto and equivalents
thereof.

Patent applications by John R. Shaffer, Windham, NH US

Patent applications in class Producing color or light effects

Patent applications in all subclasses Producing color or light effects