..20). In conclusion, unlike the effect of acute elevation in E to constrain carbohydrate use in women, acute changes in circulating T concentrations do not appear to alter substrate use during exercise in men...

The effect of carbohydrate availability following exercise on whole-body insulin action

..68, p < .05). In healthy individuals, metformin has opposing actions on fat oxidation during and after exercise. Whether the same effects are evident in insulin-resistant individuals remains to be determined...

..These data suggest that the effect of short-term exercise on fasting leptin and insulin depends on energy balance but the ghrelin response may be partially mediated by effects of exercise independent of energy balance...

..04). One day of sitting considerably reduced insulin action; this effect was minimized, but not prevented, when energy intake was reduced to match expenditure. Strategies to limit daily sitting may reduce metabolic disease risk...

Effects of a single exercise bout on insulin sensitivity in black and white individuals

..0%). A bout of exercise enhances insulin action even when expended energy and carbohydrate are replaced. Further, timing of energy and carbohydrate consumption subtly modulates the effectiveness of exercise to enhance insulin action...

..To date, no study has examined racial differences in the psychological responses during and after exercise. The objective of this study was to compare psychological outcomes of single exercise bouts in blacks and whites...

Economy and rate of carbohydrate oxidation during running with rearfoot and forefoot strike patterns

..A single exercise bout, opposed by a concurrent energy surplus, decreased the insulin response to a glucose challenge, but only partially restored the insulin AUC to baseline and had no impact on C-ISI or fasting insulin concentrations...

Effect of high cardiorespiratory fitness and high body fat on insulin resistance

..This effect is likely attributable to the inverse relationship between high CRF and insulin resistance. In this study, the independent effects of high body fat and high CRF on insulin resistance were assessed...

Impact of nutrient intake timing on the metabolic response to exercise

..In women, short-term exposure to simulated HA reduced insulin sensitivity compared with SL. The change does not appear to be directly mediated by a concurrent rise in plasma epinephrine concentrations...

Effects of high altitude on substrate use and metabolic economy: cause and effect?