22 February 2013

Paint Is Not Enough

♫♪Yes, there used to be a painted bike lane right here. ♫ (with apologies to Joe Raposo)

Forty Days and Forty Nights.This time period appears again and again in the scriptures of various religions, but especially in the christian bible (which may have inherited it from paganism) where it, amongst other things, measures the period of Lent. The day of this posting will mark the reaching of Forty Days and Forty Nights by an example of something far less spiritual but very detrimental to the realization of the goal of Copenhagenization. And this is an important topic to address and discuss as North America begins to see an explosion in the addition of bicycle infrastructure to its "Complete Streets" where cars are no longer allowed to totally dominate as they not long ago did.Paint is not enough!
In most of the pictures throughout this post, you see the results of a contractor (in the United States this is usually the firm that submitted the lowest bid to do the job) working on underground utilities and the damage done to a paint-only bicycle infrastructure project.

Was once quite a rare sight on this street.

Some background first. This street is located in the broad urban expanses of the area known as Southern California. I'm not going to identify where because I don't desire to use my contributions to this blog to pick on a particular city or utility company...at least not yet! And it really doesn't matter because this could be anywhere on the continent as this sort of thing happens all the time and everywhere in North America, not only to bike lane striping but to other markings like crosswalks and stop-lines which are intended to make the roadway safer for its non-motorized users. In truth, the city where these pictures are taken is actually very progressive, for one in North America, in its pursuance of bicycle "friendliness". The city which-shall-remain-nameless really cares about promoting cycle use, so can you imagine how long this sort of thing would fester in a place that pays only lip-service to cycling? Sometimes the removal of paint on roadway is caused by utility work, as in this case. Other times it is due to a failure to repaint sun-faded markings over time, or wear and tear from winter work like salting and plowing. But since this situation is an example I've been able to document and monitor, it will be our laboratory rat or guinea pig today.The street in question used to be a four-lane "facility" with curbside parking on each side, no turn lanes and no accommodations for bicycles what-so-ever. The speed limit was routinely being exceeded by motor vehicles and this street was easily a candidate for at least a five miles-per-hour increase thanks to the incredibly biased method of setting speed limits known as The 85th-Percentile. Indeed the street has a higher speed limit when it crosses over into the adjoining city because there it passes by some formally industrial areas.

Source: NYCDOT Allerton Avenue project

California has a good number of what it uniquely defines as "Class One" bicycle paths. They are exactly that, paths which offer a cyclists an unfettered ride, usually only occasionally intersecting cross-streets, and in many cases offering overpasses or underpasses to do so. Unfortunately while these paths are usually pleasant and well used by recreational cyclists plus what the Dutch call "Wheel-runners" they almost never run past places that a person might work/study or want to go to and visit and/or shop. These follow routes that are often facilitated by abandoned railroad corridors, or rivers (many of which in this area have been cemented into the high-capacity floodwater drainage channels that are very necessary when rainy weather does come). That is what the above "bicycle facility" was intended to be; funds had been set aside to build a separated segregated "Class One" path. Unfortunately the land along which the path was to run became unavailable. So the funds were re-purposed such that they were used to place a "road diet" on this, our guinea pig street.

But of course, the cyclist pictogram is wearing a helmet.

So the dedicated pot of money, that had been intended solely for bicycles was instead used to scrape off the old asphalt from the street and lay a fresh new and smooth layer. Also, these funds were used to buy and install a number of new traffic signals and refurbish some existing ones so that they would recognize bicycles and cars using video cameras. Certainly not an insignificant cost when you consider that a basic set of traffic signals now pencils in at around US$200,000, and the video camera detection systems can add at least ten percent to that number. That did make the street easier for bicycles to travel on as these signals replaced a closely-spaced series of "Four-Way" Stop Signs, except this signalization always creates potential motorist/non-motorist conflict thanks the the USA's blanket permission of "Right-turn-on-Red (Light)". Finally the striping-layout shown in the diagram above was painted onto the street, except of course this being the USA, a land with far too many lawyers, the street's bicyclist pictogram has a helmet on.(There was actually a period in time after the USA's Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) was changed to reflect this "newer" standard when I witnessed crews actually being dispatched to paint the helmet onto already extant pictograms around the city I lived in at the time!)

Now a very popular route.

So, effectively, funds originally set aside for bicycles were used to perform overdue refurbishment (because the funding mechanism for streets, a fixed surcharge per gallon of fuel, has not been increased in over 20 years) on a road also used by cars and add traffic signals that do not actually offer any special features for bicyclists apart from being able to be triggered (unless the sun is rising or setting!) by cyclists. But the discussion of that inequality and further subsidy of the motor vehicle by persons who are not necessarily users of the automobile infrastructure can be left to another time.
The road diet has been successful. First and foremost, this street did not need all the capacity that having two lanes in each direction was providing; It simply did not have the motor vehicle volume. While this is one of a longer street street in surrounding area, it does terminate in the city in which the photos are taken and so does not function as a long-distance alternative to the overcrowded "freeway" system, which many motorists in Southern California are now chosing to avoid by using these more predictable "surface streets". The street now has a center lane for turns which has two obvious benefits. 1)Motorists needing to take a left hand turn now can sit in a demarcated refuge awaiting their opportunity to turn, and do so without blocking the other motorists who happened to be behind them, in the same lane, under the old layout. 2)When crossing oncoming traffic, the motorists only have one lane of on-coming motor traffic and therefore less oncoming vehicles to look through or around (for cyclists) to make the judgement on whether it is safe or not to complete the turn.

Copen Hangnam-style! (photo by Steven Vance)

(You will notice that I am not inferring that cyclists will use this center turn lane. The box-left turn is also called the Copenhagen Left for a reason. Why on earth would a road/traffic engineer create, or for that matter anyone promoting citizen cycling want to encourage situation where a cyclist is forced to stand, unprotected, in the middle of two streams of traffic in order to get to the other side of the road? It isn't done in Copenhagen and it shouldn't be assumed necessary elsewhere. The Franklin/Forester-cult may scoff, but the 8 or 80 year old cyclist shouldn't ever have to be placed in that danger zone. Copenhagen Lefts may take slightly longer, but the overall process is usually shorter than the typical ambulance ride.)
Finally the center lane is almost always empty except for those aforementioned left-hand turning motorists, and it can be quickly vacated by those in it either by completing the intended turn or re-merging into their own lane of travel. This means that the roadway effectively always has a way to permit emergency vehicles to pass less hindered than they would be when the "four-lane" street existed, especially if, for some reason, that old street layout was full of motorists. Which is a good thing since there is at least one fire station nearby and, as is typical of public safety resources management in the USA, it usually dispatches a full size fire truck along with what the rest of the world calls a "crash-car" (except it is a pick-up truck like the one from the TV Show "Emergency!") to almost every call, regardless of need. That center-lane creation is an important selling point because increasingly, at least in the United States, it is the Public Safety profession who object to or intervene to stop traffic-calming an bicycle-accommodating modifications of infrastructure.
So in the end cyclists ended up with two painted bike lanes on a street that is useful to many and is staying at the posted speed limit . Which brings us back to our contractor-created "scar".

Good thing no vehicles are parked here today!

Work was done on some sort of a pipe, which appears in this case to be for water, the clue being the blue spray paint. The contractor dug into the asphalt to create a trench to either install, remove or repair that pipe. The digging occurred along the length of one of the two stripes that make up the painted bike lane. Once finished, the contractor replaced the dirt and put down some asphalt, which is now not only devoid of striping but also quite rough. One would have hoped that the rough asphalt was preliminary and that there would be a second visit by the contractor to smooth and restripe, but that was 40 days ago. So it looks like this is now permanent.

Savvy SUV-driver "taking the lane"?

Cyclists now have a situation where cars drift into the space formerly taken up by the bike lane, space which is uncomfortable to ride in, forcing cyclists to ride in the parking lane if it is not occupied. The roadway that was made smooth for all users by expropriating bike path funding is now very rough precisely where cyclists are trying to use it. The motorist is now given the impression that the painted cycle lane is gone and that they now lord over a sixteen-foot-wide (4.87 m) traffic lane, although to some extent the roughness of the current asphalt keeps drivers not in vehicles designed for off-road use (like the plentiful Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs)) ride hard against the center divider. To add insult to injury, when the asphalt that is in place was poured, it was done in such a sloppy manner that a short portion of the right edge of the former bicycle lane is also now obscured.

Defaced painted crosswalk.

Because the pipes needing repair or modification lay under it (another argument for cycletracks between parking and the sidewalk!) the bicycle facility is now, for stretch of over 400 feet (121 m) effectively gone. While not a huge distance, it is long enough to create difficulties and anxiety for the type of cyclist these facilities are supposed to encourage. The scar also took out some of the crosswalk striping, so pedestrians too lose a part of the road diet improvements devoted to them. If the contractor's job had been larger, more of the painted bike lane would now be removed permanently. This demonstrates what can happen quickly to all the good work being done right now if attitudes and regulations about bicycles in the profession of Construction Management are not changed and if the overseers of this infrastructure are not vigilant in making sure that what gets taken away is immediately put back. Simple temporary lane markings are available to the construction industry, why were they not used here? And if the parking and bicycle lanes were flipped here as they are in Copenhagen, it would have been the under-utilized parking that was disrupted or scarred, not the travel lane of a mode that the city is trying to encourage.

Richmond

Long Beach (photo by Waltarrrrr)

Missoula (photo by Brett VA)

But really more to the point, isn't it time to insist that where possible, bicycle infrastructure gets built in a manner in which a sudden removal is made less possible? Physical separation using traffic islands or raised aprons or recessed curbing as seen in places like Long Beach, California or Missoula, (yes, Missoula!) Montana or Richmond, British Columbia show what is already in use in North America. These forms of infrastructure are harder for a thoughtless site foreman to destroy or for negligent city staff to delete by means of apathy. They imply permanence by their construction and they are what your city and its cyclists deserve.

8 comments:

While approaching that "scar" this morning I noticed a driver ahead of me, and following a slow moving truck (well, slow in the sense that it was moving just below the speed limit). The driver saw that the left-side line of the bike lane was suddenly gone and moved right to go around. But, oops, not so fast, the driver realized the mistake, when the line reappeared just ahead, and pulled back in behind the truck. The poorly executed patch job is another matter of which I have previously commented on.

1-bike lane just beside pedestrian way, 2-cars parking next to bike lane, moved towards road centre, 3-this way no more cars can park on second row, which is also a main danger for bycicles riding on left part of parked cars, 4-you may ask, what about passenger opening door on his right, well cars are mostly used by one driver only, and even if passenger opens suddenly his right door, cyclist at worst will fall on pedestrian way and not under a car or bus passing by!

(PS: I refer to situation in m country Italy, an my city Milan or Rome. I know that this is not relevant for bicyclev developed countries like NL or DK or D)

I am sorry, but are you really promoting a separated bike lane with a *post* in the *middle* of the lane (long Beach photo) as a *positive* example of bike infrastructure done right? You cannot be serious!

A problem with putting in bicycle infrastructure in U.S. cities (especially large cities) is that the municipal code does not usually require the city to do this. Therefore, the public and politicians get to weigh in whether parking or through lanes should be taken away from motorists to give safety improvements to bicycling.

With few people in the U.S. riding a bicycle regularly, if at all, its as if the public were voting thumbs up or thumbs down in a collisium in ancient Rome whether people should get maimed or killed and the ultimate decision maker (politician) will frequently go with which ever way the public votes. The public doesn't have a right to do this towards pedestrians or motorists, but bicycling is fair game.

The local neighborhood council board in my area of Los Angeles voted 10-0 recently to not have safety improvements (bike lanes) installed on two streets in the immediate area due to this project requiring a through lane for motorists to be removed. They instead recommended that another street that is not in their area have bike lanes installed since it would not require the removal of any space from motorized vehicles. The fact that you cannot get to a subway stop without using one of the streets that was voted down didn't faze them at all.

This neighborhood council president had the nerve to state that they were not against bike lanes, they are concerned about where the bike lanes are located. It sounded like something that you would have heard in the south during the 1950's with equal treatment for the minority with separate water fountains, places to sit on a bus, schools, hotels and restaurants.

How people are to be encouraged to get to this subway station is beyond me, with a parking lot for vehicles that is filled to capacity every weekday and walking or taking a bus frequently less convenient and slower than bicycling.

Another odd thing about the decision by this neighborhood council and city council member not to put bike lanes on these streets is they are on the bike plan for the city and the street that they recommended is not. At anytime, the city could put bike lanes on this street that the neighborhood council chose due to not having to removal any space for motorists and they could do this without consulting with the publc or politicians. Their decision in choosing this street didn't make any difference whatsoever in whether it gets bike lanes.

The strongest resistance to taking away space for motorists on a busy streets seems to come when several intersections are operating at over-capacity at peak hours. The motoring public cannot seem to understand is that if you keep motor vehicle as the fastest and most convenient way to get somewhere, with no real alternative form of transportation to compete with it, then this will encourage more people to drive everywhere, which will increase the level of congestion over time.

An alternate choice would be to build a subway under the street, but as I indicated, even though there is a subway running directly underneath the street, the motoring public still refused to allow a reallocation of any space devoted to motor vehicles in order to make safety improvements for bicycling.

Before May of 2012, the California highway design manual--which traffic engineers use as their design bible--specifically prohibited installing a bike lane between parked cars and the curb. The city of Los Angeles department of transportation considers this a experimental design and would seek federal DOT approval to proceed in order to have them cover any liability claims.

No Shining Raven, I was not. It is the concept of having the bike lane adjacent to the sidewalk that I wished to highlight. I suspect that the Long Beach authorities were forced to install that post because as Dennis points out, this is all technically "experimental" in the USA. The Long Beach cycletracks are, IIRC, classified as Class I Bike Trails that just so happen to run parallel to a street. That was a clever solution to satisfy the lawyers and, unfortunately, to fend off some challenges from "Cycling's Secret Sect", the Vehicular Cycling community.

Kilometres cycled by Copenhageners so far today

Copenhagenize.com is the blog of Copenhagenize Design Company. Online since 2007 and highlighting the cycling life in Copenhagen and around the world.

40 years ago Copenhagen was just as car-clogged as anywhere else but now 41% of the population arriving at work or education do so on bicycles, from all over the Metro area. 55% of Copenhageners themselves use bicycles each day. They all use over 1000 km of bicycle lanes in Greater Copenhagen for their journeys. Copenhagenizing is possible anywhere.