I'm completely clear on the different uses of the two tenses, except for pretty much this one verb.
Can I get some different examples, with translations, of when you would say Il devait as opposed to ...

I'm confused about when to use “d'eau” and when to use “de l'eau”. For example, if someone asks “what is in that carafe?”, I think it is correct to answer “c'est de l'eau”. But if you ask for a carafe ...

I'm very confused about it. Tous is pronounced sometimes “tou” sometimes “tousse”. Is there a fairly simple rule for that?
I found this document but I really couldn't understand it and I think it is ...

I get that the question means "Why is the hotel full?" but I don't really get why "il" is in there, since it seems like the subject is already established.
If I wanted to ask, "Why is it full?" , do ...

Quelle heure est-il ? Oh ! Il est 8 heures : je m'en vais.
It means “What time is it? Oh! It is eight o'clock: I'm leaving.”
But how to understand it, from grammar point of view?
Why is there an en?...

When I enter “Je ne parle pas français” into Google translate I get “I do not speak French.” But if I just type “Je ne pas”, I get “I do not.”
Why are the pas and parle switched around in the phrase ...