The move is part of a wider field-to-fork review that closed on Thursday.

Farmers, an important constituency in French politics, have long complained of being hit by a price war between retailers, which has benefited consumers but hurt producers down the chain.

The measures will be put in place for a trial period of two years, Philippe said.

RAISING MINIMUM PRICES

Selling at a loss is forbidden in France.

To determine the minimum level at which retailers are allowed to sell a product, France has set a Resale Below Cost (RBC) threshold.

The RBC threshold is currently defined by the product’s basic purchase price, minus discounts, plus transport costs to the retailer’s warehouse.

The government will propose to raise the RBC threshold by 10 percent, Philippe said at the close of the food review.

“The aim is to rebalance trade relations for the benefit of farmers’ income,” he said when describing the proposal.

The rise would include some of the additional costs already supported by retailers, such as the cost of logistics and staff needed to bring products from warehouses to the shelves, food industry group Ania said.

This will increase the end-price of all products sold between the current RBC threshold and the new one - but not necessarily more expensive ones.

PROMOTIONS REGULATION

The government will propose limiting discounts on food products to 34 percent of a product’s price and to 25 percent of available volumes, Agriculture Minister Stephane Travert said.

This means that retailers will be able to do promotion offers such as ‘three products for the price of two’ but only for a fourth of their supplies for that product.

The war in prices had led to rebates of up to 70 percent, which are most often supported by food producers.

The aim of the measure is to avoid consumers losing the sense of prices.

“It would now be promotions, not sell-offs,” Christiane Lambert, head of France’s largest farm union FNSEA, said.

IMPACT ON FRENCH RETAIL SECTOR?

“This should calm down the (price) game a bit but the most aggressive players on prices may be tempted to parry an attack,” Raymond James analyst Cedric Lecasble said.

WHICH RETAILERS ARE BEST PLACED?

A softer competitive climate could come as a relief for retailers like Carrefour and Auchan, whose profitability is under pressure and whose hypermarkets sales suffer from aggressive price discounting from the market’s dominant player, Leclerc, Barclays analyst Nicolas Champ said.

Leclerc is now the leading retailer in France with a national market share of 21 percent against 20.5 percent for Carrefour, the latest Kantar data show.

Accelerated food inflation could also lead some consumers to trade down, which could benefit hard discounters like Lidl.

The limitation of promotions could also benefit discounters who have mostly Every Day Low prices strategies and reduce the attractiveness of the hypermarket stores, which are more focused on promotions.

WHEN CAN WE EXPECT AN IMPACT?

The government’s aim is to present draft legislation to Parliament early next year, Philippe said.

Analysts say the measures are unlikely to have an impact on the food chain before the second half of 2018.

WHO WILL PAY THE BILL?

Ania had estimated that a rise of 15 percent in the RBC threshold would cost consumers an average of 30 cents ($0.36) per person and per week.

Prices of products currently sold lower than the new RBC floor level - mostly products used to attract consumers such as Ferrero’s Nutella or Coca Cola soft drinks - would rise mechanically.

DOMINO EFFECT

The government hopes that the measures will prompt retailers to loosen pressure on suppliers and food makers who would then pass at least part of the rise onto farmers. But some are doubtful that this will happen.

“We will increase some products’ prices by 10 percent, promising that miraculously this money, taken from consumers, will go down to the agri-food industry and that industry will give this money back to farmers. By what miracle, we do not know, there are no tools,” Olivier Andrault from consumer rights group UFC-Que choisir told Europe 1 radio.

OTHER MEASURES

The government will also reinforce the so-called renegotiation clause that allows parties to ask that contracts - concluded on an annual basis in France - be reviewed if there is a large swing in production prices.

To ensure that farmers are not paid below their costs, France also plans to reverse the process of determining prices by taking farmers’ production costs as the starting point.