Nearly all of the world’s cultures have some kind of meatball. This delicious food combines meat — pork, fish, beef, ostrich, chicken, you name it – with spices, bread or rice, maybe egg and some kind of fat. The ingredients are mixed and formed into a ball and then cooked in many different ways.

People around the world also have different ways of serving and eating meatballs.

We add them to soup. We roast them on sticks. We bake them and then stuff them into bread. We deep-fry them in hot oil and eat them with gravy. We cook them in sauce and add them to pasta.

Most meatballs have some things in common. For one, they are easy to eat. They use easy-to-find ingredients. You can make a meatball out of just about any kind of meat. And they developed as a way to make the available meat feed as many people as possible.

In a story for the website Serious Eats, writer Chris E. Crowley describes 20 popular and tasty meatballs from around the world. He begins with the meatball that may have started it all: kofta.

While it is difficult to know for sure, many food historians agree this meatball originated in Persia. Crowley writes that Persians introduced kofta to Arab cultures. And they, in turn, brought kofta to Italians. Before long, the meatball had spread all over the world. Today, kofta appears all over the Middle East, in the Mediterranean and parts of South Asia.

A meatball by another name still tastes great!

Meatballs with all sorts of names can be found everywhere from northern Europe to New York City to Vietnam.

Swedish people are famous for their Swedish meatballs, called köttbullar. They are often served with gravy, along with boiled potatoes and a special lingonberry sauce.

Swedish Meatballs

​One of Denmark’s most popular foods is a small, pan-fried meatball made of cut pork. Danes call it frikadellar. Crowley says these meatballs are found in many countries “where Danes have immigrated or colonized.”

Asian countries have many kinds of meatballs served in soups.

One type of meatball found in China is called Lion’s Head. It is a large, soft meatball made of finely cut pork. And they are often served with cabbage.

Vietnamese meatballs, called bò viên, can be made with beef, pork or chicken. They are especially chewy and springy. You might find them in a bowl of Vietnamese pho.

Italian versus Italian-American meatball

In the United States, Italian-American meatballs are generally bigger than those found in Italy. We usually make them with ground beef, pork, turkey, or a combination of meats. And we serve them with tomato sauce and pasta.

In fact, in the U.S., spaghetti and meatballs is one of the most popular food pairings. People of all ages enjoy a big bowl of this dish – even children who are extremely picky eaters. And many restaurants have it on their menu.

In the U.S. spaghetti and meatballs is a very common dish. In Italy … not so much.

But Italian-American meatballs are not the same as Italian meatballs. So this is where our story will end – the Italian versus Italian-American meatball debate.

Italians themselves have a much different kind of meatball. Their traditional polpette are small. The kind of meat used to make the polpette depend on which part of Italy you are in.

And while meatballs are easy to find in restaurants here in the States, many food websites claim that in Italy meatballs are more of a home-cooked food. Italians usually eat them as a main course in a simple soup – and not on pasta.

Serving meatballs with pasta is a food custom started by Italian-American immigrants, like my grandfather.

My father’s father emigrated from Italy when he was 15 years old. Grandpa Giuseppe’s dirt floor basement had shelves filled with jars of homemade tomato sauce. Grandma Lina made the best meatballs that would cook for hours in Grandpa’s sauce, which he made from fresh tomatoes, peppers and basil from his garden.

So, I know if I were to find a restaurant in Italy that serves spaghetti and meatballs, it is probably only meant for American tourists. But that does not change the fact that it is a delicious dish that even the pickiest of children love, and a comfort food that reminds you of home.

We left out a lot of meatballs. Tell us about the meatballs in your country! Are they a comfort food for you, too?

I’m Anna Matteo.

Anna Matteo wrote this story for Learning English. Ashley Thompson was the editor.

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Words in This Story

ingredient – n. one of the things that are used to make a food, product, etc.

roast – v. to cook (food such as chicken, potatoes, or beef) with dry heat in an oven or over a fire

bake – v. to cook (food) in an oven using dry heat

stuff – v. to put a seasoned mixture of food into (something that is being cooked)

deep-fry – v. to cook (food) in a deep layer of oil or fat

gravy – n. a sauce made from the juices of cooked meat

lingonberry – n. the fruit of the lingonberry that resembles a cranberry in size and tart flavor and may be eaten raw but is often used in jams, syrups, baked goods, ice cream, juices, and wine and is sometimes pickled