Selected And Annotated Bibliography

I. Biographies

Joseph Bucklin Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt and His Time, Shown in His Letters, 2 vols., Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1920. Bishop's work is an "official" biography, authorized by TR before his death in 1919. Roosevelt had approved the first draft covering his career to 1905. Bishop stated that the work "supplements and completes" TR's Autobiography (1913), and the "two works together constitute authentically the Life and Letters of Theodore Roosevelt as designed by himself." As such, Bishop remains of real value, but the work should be used with the caution appropriate to evaluating any autobiography.

David Henry Burton, Theodore Roosevelt, Twayne, Publishers, New York, 1972. A short biography in Twayne's "Rulers and Statesmen of the World" series.

I. E. Cadenhead, Jr., Theodore Roosevelt: The Paradox of Progressivism, Barron's Educational Series, Inc., Woodbury, New York, 1974. A balanced and basic biography which includes a discussion of the historiography of TR.

G. Wallace Chessman, Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Power, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1969. A volume in the "Library of American Biography" series edited by Oscar Handlin, at 214 pages this is the best short biography of TR.

Lewis Einstein, Roosevelt: His Mind in Action, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1930. Of the many biographies published in the years immediately following TR's death, including those by William Roscoe Thayer, Lord Charnwood, William Draper Lewis, and Harold Howland, Einstein's interpretative work is one of the few that can be used with profit by much later generations.

William Henry Harbaugh, The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt, Oxford University Press, New York, 1975. Revised edition of Power and Responsibility: The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt, Farrar, Straus, and Cudahy, Inc., New York, 1961. Includes excellent bibliography with supplementary notes added in 1975. Harbaugh's work is, states Dewey W. Grantham, Jr., "the most comprehensive and reliable one-volume biography" of TR, "an authoritative and fair-minded" study. All students of Roosevelt should begin with Harbaugh's biography.

David McCullough, Mornings on Horseback, Simon and Schuster New York, 1981. Brilliant account of TR, his parents, and siblings, as individuals and a family unit, up to the year 1886. Marked by psychological insights and attention to social history, Mornings on Horseback won the National Book Award.

Edmund Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, Coward, McCann and Geoghegan, Inc., New York, 1979. Winner of the Pulitzer Prize, Morris's superbly written book, the first volume in a projected three-volume biography, takes TR up to 1901. Excellent notes discuss sources and reasons for Morris's interpretations. One of the most important and widely read books on TR.

Henry F. Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt, A Biography, Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York, 1931. A product of the "debunking" school
of biography which flourished after World War I,
Pringle's biography won the Pulitzer Prize, and was
for many years the most influential book about
Roosevelt. Pringle's scholarship has been
supplanted by Harbaugh, Morris, and others, but the
book is still useful as a negative view of TR's
career. The Harcourt, Brace 1956 paperback edition
lacks footnotes and is condensed, and therefore the
1931 edition should be used. See Richard H. Collin,
"Henry Pringle's Theodore Roosevelt: A Study in
Historical Revisionism, New York History, vol. LII,
no. 2, April, 1971, pp. 151-168.

Carleton Putnam, Theodore Roosevelt: The Formative
Years, 1858-1886, Charles Scribner's Sons, New
York, 1958. Called by Edmund Morris "a neglected
masterpiece," Putnam's biography is rich and
detailed. Putnam orginally intended to write further
volumes, but this did not happen. Should be
consulted along with McCullough and Morris for
TR's early life.

Owen Wister, Roosevelt: The Story of a Friendship,
1880-1919, Macmillan Company, New York, 1930.
Wister, the author of The Virginian and other
novels, was at Harvard with TR and a close friend
in later years. This biography reveals the viewpoint
of Roosevelt partisans.

II. Monographs and Other Studies

Thomas A. Bailey, Theodore Roosevelt and the
Japanese-American Crises: An Account of the
International Complications Arising from the Race
Problem on the Pacific Coast, Stanford University
Press, Palo Alto, California, 1934. Work by a well-
known diplomatic historian.

Howard K. Beale, Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of
America to World Power, Johns Hopkins Press,
Baltimore, 1956. The most detailed and best-known
study of TR and foreign policy.

An influential study of TR as a realpolitiker by one study of TR as a realpolitiker by one
of the editors of The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt,
Blum's book marked a turning point in the
historiography of TR away from Henry F. Pringle's
negative view to a more positive assessment. The
Antheneum paperback edition of 1962 contains a
useful added preface, and a second edition by
Harvard University Press in 1977 includes a new
preface and prologue of interest to students of
Roosevelt historiography.

Archibald W. Butt, The Letters of Archie Butt, Personal
Aide to President Roosevelt, edited by Lawrence F.
Abbott, Doubleday, Page and Company, Garden
City, New York, 1924. The record in letters of the
last year of the Roosevelt administration by TR's
devoted military aide, Major Butt.

Archibald W. Butt, Taft and Roosevelt: The Intimate
Letters of Archie Butt, Military Aide, 2 volumes,
Doubleday, Doran and Company, Garden City, New
York, 1930. Major Butt's views of the Taft
administration and the split between Taft and TR.

Richard H. Collin, Theodore Roosevelt, Culture,
Diplomacy, and Expansion: A New View of
American Imperialism, Louisiana State University
Press, Baton Rouge, 1985. A provocative and
revisionist study, favorable to Roosevelt, which
places foreign policy and expansion in a cultural
context.

John Milton Cooper, Jr., The Warrior and the Priest:
Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt, Belknap
Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge,
1983. A stimulating dual biographical study of the
two antagonists. Includes a chapter on the legacies
of TR and Wilson.

Paul Russell Cutright, Theodore Roosevelt: The Making
of a Conservationist, University of Illinois Press,
Urbana, Illinois, 1985. The more recent of two
important studies on TR and nature.

Paul Russell Cutright, Theodore Roosevelt the
Naturalist, Harper and Brothers, New York, 1956.
A study of an important side of the many-sided
Roosevelt, written by a biologist and historian of the
field of natural history. Should be read in
conjunction with Cutright's 1985 book on Roosevelt
for a complete view of TR and his work with natural
history and conservation.

Tyler Dennett, Roosevelt and the Russo-Japanese War,
Doubleday, Page and Company, 1925. Important
early study.

Thomas G. Dyer, Theodore Roosevelt and the Idea of
Race, Louisiana State University Press, Baton
Rouge, 1980. Thoughtful and informed monograph,
showing the different uses of the concept of "race"
in TR's times. TR shown to be a racial moderate.

John Allen Gable, The Bull Moose Years: Theodore
Roosevelt and the Progressive Party, Kennikat
Press, Port Washington, New York, 1978. History
and analysis of the Progressive Party, 1912-1916,
on state and national levels.

Willard B. Gatewood, Jr., Theodore Roosevelt and the
Art of Controversy: Episodes of the White House
Years, Lousiana State University Press, Baton
Rouge, 1970. Analysis of seven controversial
incidents of the Roosevelt administration, including
the Booker T. Washington dinner and the fight over
the Secret Service.

Hermann Hagedorn, The Roosevelt Family of Sagamore Hill, Macmillan Company, New York, 1954.
Charming narrative history of TR's family from the
1880s to his death, this book was a best-seller.

Howard C. Hill, Roosevelt and the Caribbean,
University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1927. Early
study critical of TR.

Howard L.Hurwitz, Theodore Roosevelt and Labor in
New York State, 1880-1900, Columbia University
Press, New York, 1943. Critical of TR's attitudes on
labor.

Frederick W. Marks, III, Velvet on Iron: The
Diplomacy of Theodore Roosevelt, University of
Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 1979. A major and
controversial revisionist study which defends TR's
foreign policy in cogent detail, all students of
Roosevelt's diplomacy must consider what Marks
has to say about foreign policy and on the historians
of the Roosevelt administration. Based on primary
sources in Washington, Bonn, Potsdam, Ottawa, and
elsewhere as well as on an informed anaylsis of
secondary literature. Includes good bibliography on
TR and foreign policy.

George E. Mowry, The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and
the Birth of Modern America, 1900-1912, Harper
and Brothers, New York, 1958. Volume in the
"New American Nation Series." Places TR and his
administration and the Taft administration in the
context of the period. Marked by informed and
balanced judgements; excellent bibliography up to
1958. All students of this period should consult
Mowry.

George E. Mowry, Theodore Roosevelt and the
Progressive Movement, University of Wisconsin
Press, Madison, 1946. Narrative and analysis of the
split in the Republican Party, with emphasis on
1909-1912 period.

Gordon C. O'Gara, Theodore Roosevelt and the Rise of
the Modern Navy, Princeton University Press,
Princeton, 1943. Admiring account of TR's, role in
building up the Navy.

Nicholas Roosevelt, Theodore Roosevelt: The Man As I
Knew Him, Dodd, Mead and Company, New York,
1967. Thoughtful and focused memoir by a cousin
of TR's who went on to be a newspaper writer and
conservationist.

Edward Wagenknecht, The Seven Worlds of Theodore
Roosevelt, Longmans, Green and Company, New
York, 1958. Examining Roosevelt through the
"worlds" of action, thought, human relations,
family, spiritual values, public affairs, and war and
peace, Wagenknecht discerningly analyzes the
many-sided TR. "Succeeds more than any other
work in capturing the size and complexity of TR,"
says Edmund Morris. Excellent bibliography.

Frederick S. Wood, editor, Roosevelt As We Knew Him:
The Personal Recollections of One Hundred and
Fifty of His Friends and Associates, John C.
Winston Company, Philadelphia, 1927. Useful
collection of anecdotes and memories of many who knew TR.

Note: Biographies and memoirs of Theodore
Roosevelt's contemporaries, and many monographs
on various subjects in Roosevelt's period, contain
valuable material on TR. In addition, numerous
articles and essays are of importance in the study of
TR. For titles, consult the bibliographies of the
books listed above.

Note: Books listed in addition to the Charles Scribner's
Sons Memorial and National editions of Works of
Theodore Roosevelt contain material not included in
these collections. Volumes of letters listed include
some letters not published in the Harvard University
Press Letters of Theodore Roosevelt. A complete
listing of all TR's publications is in Theodore Roosevelt Collection: Dictionary Catalogue and
Shelflist, 5 vols., Harvard University Press,
Cambridge, 1970.

William Griffith, editor, The Roosevelt Policy, 3 vols.,The Current Literature Publishing Company, New
York, 1919. Collection of speeches, state papers,
and articles which include some World War I
speeches not found in other collections.

Hermann Hagedorn, editor, Memorial Edition, Works of
Theodore Roosevelt, 24 vols., Charles Scribner's
Sons, New York, 1923-1926. Most complete edition
of TR's writings. Includes Theodore Roosevelt's
Letters to His Children (1919), Joseph Bucklin
Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt and His Time, Shown
in His Letters (1920), bibliographical notes, and
introductions by Roosevelt's comtemporaries.

Hermann Hagedorn, editor, National Edition, Works of editor, National Edition, Works of
Theodore Roosevelt, 20 vols., Charles Scribner's
Sons, New York, 1926. For a listing and
comparison of contents of National and Memorial
editions, see "Editors' Note" in Theodore Roosevelt
Cyclopedia.
Will Irwin, editor, Letters to Kermit from Theodore
Roosevelt, 1902-1908, Charles Scribner's Sons,
New York, 1946.

John J. Leary, Jr., Talks With TR from the Diaries of
John J. Leary, Jr., Houghton Mifflin Company,
Boston, 1920. Private conversations recorded by a
newspaper reporter covering Sagamore Hill in TR's
last years.

Elting E. Morison, John M. Blum, and others, editors,
The Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, 8 vols., Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, 1951-1954. Includes
approximately 6,500 letters written by TR as well as chronology of his day-to-day activities, 1898-1919,
and appendixes with essays by John M. Blum and
Alfred D. Chandler Jr. Excellent footnotes and indexes.

The Progressive Party: Its Record from January to
July, 1916, Executive Committee of the Progressive National Committee, New York, 1916.
Includes speeches, letters, and statements of
Roosevelt as well as party documents.

Theodore Roosevelt, American Problems, The Outlook
Company, New York, 1910. Articles from the
Outlook magazine.
Theodore Roosevelt, Essays on Practical Politics, G. P.
Putnam's Sons, New York, 1888. TR's first book on
politics.

Theodore Roosevelt, The New Nationalism, The
Outlook Company, New York, 1910. Speeches and
articles from 1910, including "The New
Nationalism" speech, Osawatomie, Kansas, August
31, 1910.

Theodore Roosevelt, Outlook Editorials, The Outlook
Company, New York, 1909.
Theodore Roosevelt, Presidential Addresses and State
Papers and European Addresses, 8 vols.,
Homeward Bound Edition, The Review of Reviews
Company, New York, 1910. Includes almost every
speech by TR in 1901-1910.

IV. Bibliographical Guides and Catalogues

Richard H. Collin, "The Image of Theodore Roosevelt
in American History and Thought, 1885-1965,"
unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, New York
University, 1966. Discusses virtually every book
and most major articles written about Roosevelt in
period 1885-1965. Extensive bibliography.
Available in facsimile and microfilm from
University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan.

Nora E. Cordingley, "Extreme Rarities in the Published
Works of Theodore Roosevelt," Papers of the
Bibliographical Society of America, vol. 39, first
quarter, 1945, pp. 20-25. By the longtime Curator of
the Theodore Roosevelt Collection at Harvard. Wallace Finley Dailey, "The Theodore Roosevelt
Collection at Harvard," Manuscripts, vol. XXIX,
no. 3, Summer, 1977, pp. 147-154. Describes some
of the contents of the Harvard collection.

Theodore Roosevelt Collection: Dictionary Catalogue
and Shelflist, prepared for publication by Gregory
C. Wilson, 5 vols., Harvard University Press,
Cambridge, 1970. Reproduction of over 52,000
cards in the catalogue of the Theodore Roosevelt
Collection at
Harvard prepared by R. W. G. Vail, Nora E.
Cordingley, and others in 1920-1959. Arranged
alphabetically by author, title, and subject, extensive
cross-references and annotations. Shelflist arranged
by classification and subject system. This, along
with the subsequent Supplement, is the most
complete listing of publications by and about
Theodore Roosevelt. The Theodore Roosevelt
Collection, begun in the 1920s by the Theodore
Roosevelt Association, was donated to the Harvard
College Library in 1943, and contains over 12,000
printed items, as well as over 10,000 photographs,
3,500 cartoons, and thousands of letters,
manuscripts, and other materials. Guides to the
letters, manuscripts, and cartoons are available at
Harvard. The collection includes much Roosevelt
family correspondence.

Theodore Roosevelt Collection: Dictionary Catalogue
and Shelflist Supplement, prepared for publication
by Wallace Finley Dailey, Harvard College Library,
Cambridge, 1986. The Supplement contains
virtually all publications and dissertations on
Theodore Roosevelt in the years 1951-1986.

Index to the Theodore Roosevelt Papers, 3 vols., President's Papers Index Series, Library of
Congress, Washington, 1969. Receivers and senders
of letters from and to TR listed alphabetically, with
dates of all letters noted. The TR Papers number
approximately 250,000 items; includes TR's office
letter files, speeches, scrapbooks, press releases, and
other materials. The Theodore Roosevelt Papers are
available on microfilm.

The Theodore Roosevelt Association Film Collection: A
Catalog, prepared by Wendy White-Hensen and
Veronica M. Gillespie, Motion Picture,
Broadcasting, and Recorded Sound Division,
Library of Congress, Washington, 1986. Assembled
by the Theodore Roosevelt Association from the
1920s on, and donated to the Library of Congress in
the 1960s, the TRA Film Collection consists of over
140,000 feet of negative, duplicate negative, and
positive stock on TR, his contemporaries, and his
times. The Catalog contains a list of films by title
with descriptions of contents, a chronological list of
films by the year they were taken or produced, and a
subject index.

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