..Like the tumor suppressor protein p53, components of this "RB pathway," although not essential for the cell cycle per se, may participate in checkpoint functions that regulate homeostatic tissue renewal throughout life...

..results have been obtained on ablation of some of the activating subunits of Cdks, such as the D-type and E-type cyclins. Here we show that mouse embryos lacking all interphase Cdks (Cdk2, Cdk3, Cdk4 and Cdk6) undergo organogenesis ..

..Our results indicate that HER-2/neu induces cytoplasmic localization of p21Cip1/WAF1 through activation of Akt to promote cell growth, which may have implications for the oncogenic activity of HER-2/neu and Akt...

..Unlike SPO11 and (to a minor extent) PRD1, these two new proteins are poorly conserved among species, suggesting that the DSB formation mechanism, but not its regulation, is conserved among eukaryotes...

..Cyclin E, a regulator of the cell cycle, affects the behavior of breast-cancer cells. We investigated whether levels of cyclin E in the tumor correlated with survival among patients with breast cancer...

..These results suggest that induction of TAK by cytokines secreted in the microenvironment of lymphoid tissue may be involved in the reactivation of HIV-1 in CD4(+) T lymphocytes harboring a latent provirus...

..Thus, protein-protein contact between Tax and the components of the cyclin D/CDK complexes provides a further mechanistic explanation for the mitogenic and immortalizing effects of this HTLV-1 oncoprotein...

..We propose a model that meiotic progression in Arabidopsis pollen mother cells is driven by a yet to be identified cyclin-CDK activity that is modulated by regulatory interactions between TDM1, SMG7, and TAM...

Regulation of G(1) cyclin-dependent kinases in the mammalian cell cycle

We have studied the patterns of expression of four B-type cyclins (Clbs), Clb1, Clb2, Clb3, and Clb4, and their ability to activate p34cdc28 during the mitotic and meiotic cell cycles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae...

..one catalytic subunit (cyclin-dependent kinase) that pairs with cell cycle-specific regulatory subunits known as cyclins. Progression through a specific phase of the cell cycle is under the control of a specific class of cyclin...

New roles for p21 and p27 cell-cycle inhibitors: a function for each cell compartment?

..This work also underscores the fundamental similarity of cell-cycle oscillations in embryos to repetitive action potentials in pacemaker neurons, with both systems relying on a combination of negative and positive-feedback loops...

The structure of CDK4/cyclin D3 has implications for models of CDK activation

..action of retinoblastoma protein (RB) and RB-related proteins and indirectly regulated through the action of G1 cyclins and associated kinases. We now show that the accumulation of G1 cyclins is regulated by E2F1...

Y ZhangInstitute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, JapanOncogene 18:1131-8. 1999

..Thus, caspase-3-mediated cleavage and inactivation of p21 protein may convert cancer cells from growth arrest to undergoing apoptosis, leading to the acceleration of chemotherapy-induced apoptotic process in cancer cells...

The D-type cyclins (cyclins D1, D2, and D3) are components of the core cell cycle machinery in mammalian cells. Cyclin D3 gene is rearranged and the protein is overexpressed in several human lymphoid malignancies...

..of CDK4 activation remain poorly known or debated, including the regulation of its association with D-type cyclins, its activating Thr172 phosphorylation, and the roles of Cip/Kip CDK "inhibitors" in these processes...

..G(1) arrest was triggered by cyclin D1 proteolysis via ubiquitin-dependent degradation. This study investigated which chemopreventive agents activated this degradation program and whether cyclin E was also degraded...

..By contrast, CTK1 is responsible for the bulk of Ser2P in total Pol II and at promoter-distal sites. In addition to phosphorylating Ser2 near promoters, BUR1/BUR2 also stimulates Ser2P formation by CTK1 during transcription elongation...

..These characterizations and the availability of all of the genes encoding CTDK-I and reagents derivable from them will facilitate investigations into CTD phosphorylation and its functional consequences both in vivo and in vitro...

..Overexpression of let-7b in melanoma cells in vitro downregulated the expression of cyclins D1, D3, and A, and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 4, all of which had been described to play a role in melanoma ..

..The long term potential of the proposed research is significant, as understanding the mechanisms by which TRM9 inhibits tumor growth may provide novel therapeutic opportunities to restore growth-restricting programs in cancer cells. ..

..Increased knowledge of the mechanism by which IRP2 regulates iron balance and cell proliferation is important for developing therapeutics that can be used to target cancer cells and treat iron disorders. ..

..The proposed work will shed light on how PAP activity is regulated, and open new avenues for understanding the control and integration of convergent and divergent lipid metabolic pathways emanating from PA. ..

..The identification of novel host-viral interaction pathways can provide important information regarding the pathogenesis of AIDS/CNS disease and promote the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. ..

..If such approach is successful, it will have significant clinical implications because more patients will benefit from allogeneic HSCT and achieve cure without the detrimental major side effect of GvHD. ..

..represses expression/interaction of ACTHR and MRAP and consequently expression of: (a) IGF-II/IGFR and the cyclins required for growth of and (b) adenylate cyclase and the low density lipoprotein (LDL)R and enzymes required for ..

..Many cancer chemoprevention trials in humans have not been successful, pointing to the need to carry out more fundamental studies and to test the idea that combination therapy may be essential for successful chemoprevention. ..

..Uncovering the function(s) of Cks2 in mammalian meiosis could lead to a better understanding about how Ml is regulated, and help to define the underlying causes of infertility and birth defects in humans. ..

..being the first such AD diagnostic, indicating not only disease presence, but also its progress (and even drug efficacy monitoring), a huge strate- gic gain for the victims of this costly disease, and our society at large! ..

..lysine 9 on histone H3;(2) determine whether the expression of the cell cycle-regulated genes, such as cyclins, Cdc25s and checkpoint proteins, is regulated by the methylation regulation of mdig;and (3) study the tumorigenic ..

..Furthermore, the proposed studies will provide additional evidence that keratinocyte stem cells, particularly those found in the bulge region of hair follicles, may be the primary target cells for tumor development in mouse skin. ..

..The successful completion of this work will enable the development of new approaches to managing defects in red blood cell production that occur in chronic and acute anemia due to a variety of causes. ..

..Therefore, the current proposal is aimed at determining whether drugs such as ATP analogs are a viable option in treating HIV-1 infected cells both in vitro and in vivo. [unreadable] [unreadable] [unreadable]..

..predominately by growth factors and mitogens which promote proliferation by inducing the expression of G1-phase cyclins. However, the mechanisms that control the timing, expression levels, and activity of G1-phase cyclins are still ..