Nine & a half foot scroll
[19 columns] found in cave 1 at Qumran, conceived as a
sequel to the eschatological war envisioned in Dan 11-12. The author
gives detailed instructions for a ritualized battle in which the
"sons of light," championed by Michael, massacre the Kittim,
identified as the "sons of darkness," led by Satan. This
vision of a violent end to the dominion of the Kittim -- a
veiled allusion to the Romans, as in Daniel -- must have been composed
between 50 BCE & 65
CE. This scroll was acquired by Hebrew
University in Jerusalem soon after its
discovery in 1947.
Fragments of 4 other copies of this scroll were found in Cave 4.