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Beyond the volatility: is a near-term recession likely?

August has been a highly volatile period for the financial markets. Reignited trade tensions and recent yield-curve inversions have spooked investors, culminating in a 3% drop in the S&P 500 Index on Aug. 14, its worst day of the year. Ivy provides its perspective on these two market moving events.

Ivy Live/ 8.22.19

FAANG: In the government's crosshairs

The big four tech giants – Apple, Amazon, Facebook and Google – are facing antitrust investigations and scrutiny over data privacy. And surprisingly, the push is gaining bipartisan support. Is it just noise for the tech sector or a larger threat to investors?

Market Perspective/ 8.05.19

Fed cuts rates; where do we go from here?

The Fed announced a much-anticipated one-quarter-percentage-point cut to the federal funds rate. Following the decision, Fed Chairman Powell's press conference commentary was perceived as unexpectedly hawkish. While the market had a 'buy the rumor, sell the news’ reaction, but we believe underlying fundamentals should support continued growth during the rest of 2019.

Maximizing the Value of 529 Plans

Parents are preparing their kids to head back to school as the topic of affording college tuition looms large. Discover how you can help your clients with 529 plans.

Genlink

Attracting assets in motion

Over the next few decades, client assets currently held by Traditionalists and Baby Boomers will be controlled by Generation Xers and Millennials, reshaping the traditional financial advisor model. Discover how you can plan for each generation.

Genlink

Why advisors need to understand each generation

Navigating generational differences can be tricky, whether you’re speaking to a younger client or chatting with a long-time client that might be your parents’ age. Knowing each generation can lead to a growing and stable practice.

Ivy Investments

We stand for a legacy of expertise, focused on delivering strong, long-term results. Our name reflects our progressive product offerings and growing global presence as we continue to adapt to the needs of investors.

Quarterly Fund Commentary

Ivy Crossover Credit Fund

Market Sector Update

The second quarter saw a continuation in the risk-on environment from the first quarter, however the period was
marked by a moderate sell-off in risk assets in May as trade tensions resurfaced.

Despite the risk-on environment, U.S. Treasuries continued to rally. This was due to the anticipation of the Federal
Reserve (Fed) cutting its benchmark interest rate, as well as falling interest rates across the globe. The market was
pricing in a greater than 60% chance of one or more 25 basis points (bps) rate cuts by year end at the end of the first
quarter. That has shifted to the market pricing in a nearly 60% chance of three or more cuts of 25 bps by year end.

The macroeconomic data, as well as the expectations for Fed easing, caused the 2-year yield to decline 51 bps to
1.75% and the 10-year yield to decline 40 bps to 2%. The spread between the 10-year U.S. Treasury note and the 3-
month U.S. Treasury bill, which last quarter turned negative for the first time since 2007, remains negative or inverted.
Another yield curve measure, the spread between the 10-year U.S. Treasury Note and the 2-year U.S. Treasury Note
steepened from 14 bps to 25 bps in the quarter.

After a significant rise of over 7% in the first quarter, high yield returned a more modest 2.5% as Treasury rates fell
and the spread on the index fell from 391 bps to 377 bps. Higher quality within high yield outperformed as BB excess
returns (the portion of returns not derived from U.S. Treasury moves) were 1.87% versus 1.59% for B and 35 bps for
CCC. Leveraged loans returned 1.58%, continuing to lag behind high yield as loans don’t benefit from falling Treasury
yields, and the asset class saw outflows in the quarter.

Overall fundamentals for the investment grade universe continue to weaken, especially as the expansion is in its 11th
year. The growth in revenues and earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA) (excluding
commodity sectors) were up 3.2% and 2.6% in the first quarter of 2019, a deceleration versus 4.5% and 4.3% in the
fourth quarter of 2018, respectively.

In high yield, median leverage rose to 4.2-times from 4.1-times at the end of 2018. Recently, trends in median leverage
in high yield have been better than investment grade, however this is largely due reduced leverage in the quartile with
the lowest leverage being offset by an increase in leverage in highest leverage quartile.

On a ratings basis, the quarter was largely positive with 0.63 downgrades for each upgrade in the quarter from
Moody’s while S&P saw 0.53 downgrade per upgrade. In the first half of 2019 we’ve seen five fallen angels (bond given
an investment-grade rating but then reduced to junk bond status due to the weakening financial condition of the
issuer) and 31 rising-star credits (bonds considered speculative grade when issued, but have improved their financials,
reducing the risk of default) compared to 23 fallen angels and 54 rising stars in 2018.

Investment grade issuance was $291 billion in the quarter, down 14% year over year. Issuance, net of maturities, was
up 14% year over year, however net supply growth for the first half of the year remained down 9% versus the first half
of 2018. Merger and acquisition (M&A) related funding has declined this year to $106 billion in the first half of 2019
versus $143 billion in first half 2018. BBB issuance is 40% of year-to-date supply, down slightly from 43% of full-year
supply in 2018. For the quarter, high yield net supply totaled just over $23 billion, which is up sharply from last year’s
nearly $4 billion of negative net supply.

Portfolio Strategy

The Fund had a positive return and outperformed its benchmark, the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Corporate Bond Index.
The benchmark returned approximately 4.4%, which was driven primarily by falling rates as well as the benchmark’s spread tightening from 119 bps to 115 bps.

The Fund further reduced its duration relative to the benchmark, but the difference remains modest. Benchmark
duration rose over 0.2 years to 7.6 years at quarter-end. Higher duration means higher price volatility for a given
change in spreads.

Overall risk positioning in the fund remained relatively constant in the quarter with no material changes to exposures
to the various ratings categories. The largest changes in sector positioning were increases in the financial and
communications sectors and decreases in the basic materials and consumer non-cyclical sectors.

Outlook

The second half of the year has two large factors that likely drive asset performance – Fed policy and trade
policy. While the end of the second quarter saw a commitment by the U.S. to hold off on additional tariffs with China,
we did see an increase in tariff rates to 25% from 10% on $200 billion of imports as well as other trade frictions, most
notably being restrictions on Huawei. Further uncertainty may dampen confidence and investment going forward.

The Fed has indicated they are likely to ease, but the pace of easing will have a material impact on asset prices. The
market is pricing in a nearly 60% chance of three or more cuts by year end, a pace which we believe to be slightly too
aggressive although we do anticipate the Fed easing. We believe macroeconomic data will continue to show a
softening trend and will likely fall short of expectations in the second half due to trade policy uncertainty, Brexit and
geopolitical concerns.

We believe credit spreads should widen for the second half of 2019 due to a few factors. First, macroeconomic data
points are likely to underwhelm relative to consensus. Secondly, fundamentals in investment grade remain stretched
with corporate balance sheets at their most levered levels post-crisis. Lastly, duration in investment grade marketplace
continues to rise.

Our view of BB spreads, which is principally where the Fund participates, is for spreads to widen. This is due to the
previously mentioned macro factors, as well as BB spreads outperforming BBB and other rating categories within high
yield on a risk-adjusted basis. Additionally, as the dollar price of bonds has risen this year, the asset class is more
asymmetric as a higher percentage of bonds are trading to their call price compared to recent history.

The technical backdrop for spreads remains relatively positive. We believe net supply should be materially lower
than last year due to smaller M&A volume and tax changes reducing the incentive to issue debt. However, we expect
a higher amount of total fixed income issuance principally from U.S. deficit funding. On the demand side, we see the
trends modestly supportive of spreads. Mutual fund flows remain robust and are likely to continue in the near future,
but overall yields in the market have compressed, which may reduce demand.

Given our expectation for modest widening of spreads in 2019, we believe our conservative positioning relative to
the benchmark is appropriate.

The opinions expressed are those of the Fund’s managers and are not meant as investment advice or to predict or project the future performance of any investment product. The opinions are current through June
30, 2019, are subject to change at any time based on market and other current conditions, and no forecasts can be guaranteed. This commentary is being provided as a general source of information and is not
intended as a recommendation to purchase, sell, or hold any specific security or to engage in any investment strategy. Investment decisions should always be made based on an investor’s specific objectives, financial
needs, risk tolerance and time horizon. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.

All information is based on Class I shares.

The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Corporate Bond Index measures the investment grade, fixed-rate, taxable corporate bond market and includes USD-denominated securities publicly issued by U.S. and non-U.S. industrial,
utility and financial issuers. It is not possible to invest directly in an index.

Risk factors: The value of the Fund's shares will change and you could lose money on your investment. Fixed income securities in which the Fund may invest are subject to credit risk, such that an issuer may not
make payments when due or default or that the risk that an issuer could suffer adverse changes in its financial condition that could lower the credit quality of a security that could affect the Fund’s performance. A
rise in interest rates may cause a decline in the value of the Fund’s securities, especially securities with longer maturities. Investing in below investment grade securities may carry a greater risk of nonpayment of
interest or principal than higher-rated bonds. Investing in foreign securities involves a number of economic, financial, legal, and political considerations that are not associated with the U.S. markets and that could
affect the Fund’s performance unfavorably, depending upon the prevailing conditions at any given time. Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities in which the Fund may invest are subject to prepayment risk
and extension risk. The Fund typically holds a limited number of fixed income securities (generally 30 to 50). As a result, the appreciation or depreciation of any one security held by the Fund may have a greater
impact on the Fund’s NAV than it would if the Fund invested in a larger number of securities. Fund performance is primarily dependent on the management company’s skill in evaluating and managing the Fund’s
portfolio. There can be no guarantee that its decisions will produce the desired results. These and other risks are more fully described in the Fund’s prospectus. Not all funds or fund classes may be offered at all
broker/dealers.

The financial products and services described in this website are offered only in the United States, Puerto Rico
and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Nothing in this website should be considered a solicitation to buy or an offer to sell such products
and services in any jurisdiction where the offer or solicitation would be unlawful under the laws of such jurisdiction.

IVY FUNDS® mutual funds and IVY VARIABLE INSURANCE PORTFOLIOS® are managed by Ivy Investment Management Company and are distributed by Ivy Distributors, Inc., InvestEd℠ Portfolios are managed by Ivy Investment Management Company and are distributed by Waddell & Reed, Inc. These financial products are offered by prospectus only. Waddell & Reed Financial, Inc. is the ultimate parent company of Ivy Distributors, Inc. and Waddell & Reed, Inc.

Before investing, investors should consider carefully the investment objectives, risks, charges and expenses of a mutual fund or portfolio.
This and other important information is contained in the prospectus and summary prospectus, which may be obtained here or from a financial advisor.
Read it carefully before investing.

IVY INVESTMENTS℠ refers to the investment management and investment advisory services offered by Ivy Investment Management Company, the financial services offered by Ivy Distributors, Inc., a FINRA member broker dealer and the distributor of IVY FUNDS® mutual funds and IVY VARIABLE INSURANCE PORTFOLIOS®, and the financial services offered by their affiliates.