Reading Development of Nonnative Speakers of English: Research and Instruction. Language in Education: Theory and Practice, No. 63.

Barnitz, John G.

A state of the art report on the development of native and second language reading skills in nonnative English speakers begins with a review of the reading process and the relationship of language to the reading process. The second chapter reviews various levels of language and relates them to reading and learning to read a first and second language. Two questions are addressed: (1) to what extent do language proficiency or language differences affect reading and learning to read a second language? and (2) what principles and methods are useful in facilitating the nonnative speaker's acquisition of English literacy? First and second language reading research is examined and compared, and teaching strategies and techniques are reviewed. Finally, some related issues in applied linguistics and second language literacy are discussed, including (1) the relationship of orthographies, bilingualism, and reading; (2) initial literacy in the native vs. the second language; (3) similarities and differences in learning to read in different languages; and (4) needs in teacher education programs concering language differences and reading. Suggestions for further reading, a list of organizational resources, and a bibliography are included. (MSE)