Abstract

In photonic force microscopes, the position detection with high temporal and spatial resolution is usually implemented by a quadrant position detector placed in the back focal plane of a condenser. An objective with high numerical aperture (NA) for the optical trap has also been used to focus a detection beam. In that case the displacement of the probe at a fixed position of the detector produces a unique and linear response only in a restricted region of the probe displacement, usually several hundred nanometers. There are specific experiments where the absolute position of the probe is a relevant measure together with the probe position relative the optical trap focus. In our scheme we introduce the detection beam into the condenser with low NA through a pinhole with tunable size. This combination permits us to create a wide detection spot and to achieve the linear range of several micrometers by the probe position detection without reducing the trapping force.

G. Wang, E. Sevick, E. Mittag, D. Searles, and D. Evans, “Experimental demonstration of violations of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems and short time scales,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 050601 (2002).
[CrossRef]

G. Wang, E. Sevick, E. Mittag, D. Searles, and D. Evans, “Experimental demonstration of violations of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems and short time scales,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 050601 (2002).
[CrossRef]

G. Wang, E. Sevick, E. Mittag, D. Searles, and D. Evans, “Experimental demonstration of violations of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems and short time scales,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 050601 (2002).
[CrossRef]

G. Wang, E. Sevick, E. Mittag, D. Searles, and D. Evans, “Experimental demonstration of violations of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems and short time scales,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 050601 (2002).
[CrossRef]

G. Wang, E. Sevick, E. Mittag, D. Searles, and D. Evans, “Experimental demonstration of violations of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems and short time scales,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 050601 (2002).
[CrossRef]

G. Wang, E. Sevick, E. Mittag, D. Searles, and D. Evans, “Experimental demonstration of violations of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems and short time scales,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 050601 (2002).
[CrossRef]

Phys. Rev. Lett.

G. Wang, E. Sevick, E. Mittag, D. Searles, and D. Evans, “Experimental demonstration of violations of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems and short time scales,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 050601 (2002).
[CrossRef]

G. Wang, E. Sevick, E. Mittag, D. Searles, and D. Evans, “Experimental demonstration of violations of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems and short time scales,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 050601 (2002).
[CrossRef]

Cited By

OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.