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Weekly Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1841), 1847-05-05

Weekly Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1841), 1847-05-05 page 1

WEE vLY "TT7T 1" 0 m a nn E JOURNAL VOLUME XXXVII. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, MAY 5, 1847. NUMBER 36. Till KNDA.Y HVKNING, April 31, 1817. Vligiuia Election The returns of the recent election in Virginia continue to come in slowly, and aa the congressional elections were contested with inoro than ordinary epint, the results are in many caiui yet held in suspense : First Cosoressio al District. WatU, (V ) Atkinson, (L. F.) Norfulk county W inuj. City 3ihi " Princess Anne Id 4111 maj. These countici gave Mr. Clay in 1844 343 majority, when the Locofoco maj. fur Mr. i'olk in the entire District wri 11)3. Five counties remain to bo heard from, vii : Isle of Wight, Nansemond, Bussex, Southampton and Surry. The election hat been very clog in this district, and our beat account leave the rpitilt in doubt. j Skcon n District. Helling, (VV.) Dromgoole, (L. F.) Dinwiddle 12J Prince George f4 Petersburg l!)L Greencsville 35 The counties in this Dirstrict yet to be heard from arc Nottoway, Mecklenburg, Brunswick and Amelia. A slip from the nllice of the Washington W hig says : Boiling's majority over Dromgoole in the Second District is sixty-fvk ! ! ! Fourth District. Irving, (W.) Ilocock, (L. F.) Cumberland I0 maj. Fluvana lift j The Richmond Whig compiles returns from some precints in several of the ou unites in tltia District, and remarks The chances, from the foregoing returns, are fair 1 for Irving' election though the contest will be close, and tho result is doubtful. i Firm District. ' Goggin (W.) b. F. Leake, (L. F.) . Albemarle M7 niiij. I Orango 13 " Mndison 487 mnj, j Nelson, Bedford, Green, and Amherst comities in this District to be heard from result very doubtful. But ii District. The Richmond Whig of Haturday says The majority of Johji Mi bur Butts in (he Metropolitan District is not less than six himuhkij ! fcice the documents: Richmond Henrico Powhatan Hanover (supposed) Goochland (about) Chesterfield Louisa Doits. ,..: w ... :tr ... uu Leake. 100 a: 14 it: id Seventh District, Bayly, Locofoco, is re-elected. Kioiitii District. There is no doubt of the election of Heale, Loco frco, in the eighth district, over Newton, Whig. K1MTII ItlSTItlCT. John 8. Pendleton, the " lone star" from Virginia in Uie last Mouse of Representatives, is re-elected by an increased majority. LEGISLATURE. The last Legislature has a Locofoco majority of lit) on joint ballut. They will still retain a majority, beyond ft doubt but considerably diminished, bo far as returns have come to hind, the changes are audi us to reduce that majority to 14. It may be still further reduced by the returns yet to come in. The A u p ice. There never was a time when the auspices for Whig success were better than at the present moment. The country in 1814, had become tired of one imbecile and corrupt administration and it is now getting equally tired of another. From this slate of affairs, the truth A, ' ' 1 1 . , . i i . , ,, , , &c. &o. and William Irving Paulding. This is that it ill not do to choose Presidents of the United . B . . The war is regarded by pretty much every body at a blunder on the part of Mr. Polk. The public mind is satisfied with victories, which it was confident such officers and such men must win. And if the news of peace should arrive to-morrow, the rejoicings would be great and universal. But whether wo have war or peace, Mr. Polk will have exhibited himself. The country is weary of Aim, and of the party which elect-ed him, and which still 1ms the dishonesty to give him an apparent support, while it exhibits tokens of futigue and disgust at his pusillanimous conduct. We confidently look for the election of a successor, strong in the Whig faith, and by large majorities. A. successor who whether a civilian or a soldier shall restore the Presidency of the Republic, to its original and legitimate dignity and purity. " By prompt action these men can be raised in three weeks." So says the man of the Statesman. Well, neighbor, that will do by way of precept. Give us something by way of example, if you please. Show us a specimen of prompt action." Without, it an hour's patriotic talk would be all idle. " One of tho most effectual modes of giving 'aid and comfort to the enemy," in our estimation, is for the authors and advocates of the war to be spending their time and wasting their breath in abusing the Whigs, instead of enlisting as they ought, and giving the Mexicans a substantial thrashing. This standing off at a very safe distance and scolding your neighbors for not going forward to 14 fight out" a quarrel of your own picking, is " a most disgraceful position in the eyes of tho world." Show us your " prompt action," neighbor ! Correction An error escaped in the date of Gov. fl ebb's Proclamation, published in our paper of Tuesday, being as of March ii7, whereas it should have been slpril 27. The error originated with tho copying Clerk in the Governor's ollice. The observant reader would readily see the error, as tho accompaning reqiaition from the War Department, on which the Proclamation is predicated, is dated April ), Hi: mors AeciDKKT. The editor of the Chicago Journal, R. L. Wilson, Esq., (son of Judge Wilson of fcSteubenvillo, and late editor of the Massillon Gazette) was very seriously injured by the accidental discharge of a cannon, which he was assisting to load, st the celebration in Hint city of Taylor's victory at Buena, Vista. O. S. Journal. We are authorised to say that R. L. Wilson, Esq , of Chicago, is not the son of Judge Wilson of this city. The Journal is mistaken, and will oblige Judge W. by making the correction. Stcubtncille Herald. Right (i lad are wo of the opportunity to do "that same." And the unaffected sympathy we had designed and sent forth for our excellent friend . C. Wilson, may, (inasmuch as ho does not need it,) be transferred to the real sufferer, It. h. Wilson. And in this, we are sure our friend " the Judge," will cordially join us while he allo vs us to congratulate him on the exemption of his dnrlint from the serious calamity we supposed had befallen him. I'ninklin Comity Poor House. Tlio citizens of Franklin county will read with proud satisfaction the statement turnihrd by the President and Associate Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, made at the close of their recent Term, in reference to this public charity. We have oursi Ives before heard the institution and its management, very favorably spoken of; and have no doubt but that the institution will grow in favor with the people in proportion as they shall become acquainted with its merits. New Publications. Messrs. Whiting & Huntington have politely laid upon our table a number of recent publications ; among; which we notice A mi: hi can Comwhm by Ju met K. Paulding, author of Westward Ho !" Dutchman's Fireside," Htates from among men of ordinary third rate capacity. Whichever party shall succeed by electing such a man, will win to its own cost Tho election uf Col. Polk may have been a fair trick, though for our life we never could see the teit of it; and the party that perpetrated it, is reaping and must reap, the harvest that should have been expected. The thorn which pierces their flesh, is of the tree of their own planting They ahould have known what fruit would spring from such seed. The feature of this administration is the Mexican War. The policy by which it has been kept up, and the finances to supply the War, are only subsidiary. In the first place, the country was sought to be put upon war fooling, by striking down and paralysing the sources of revenue. A fcSubtreasury, based upon the idea or notion that mniipy is to be kept in strong boxes, rather than to bo used ; a tariff predicated upon the theory that the smaller the duties, the greater the revenue, (Ami were Mr. Polk's financial corner-stones. What other nation ever went to war in this way? What could comu of it, except what has come of it : large deficits, and national debts? Mr. Polk although hts grandfather it is said was not a Whig, and although his prime minister was a rtry blue federalist now claims to trace his political descent, (as does his said prime minister,) to the p&rty which used to affiliate with Franco rather than with England. His policy, however, so far as it partakes of the policy of either counlry, is tho policy of Pitt. by which the British nation is involved in a hopelesa national debt, rather than of .Yapolton, who, in the midst of iiis wars by which Gieat Britain was impoverished, always paid as he went. The policy, (if that he not a misnomer,) of Mr. Polk's administration cannot, nevertheless, bear any comparison with the poliey of France, or of England. It is compounded of the cast-otT notions, the rejected ideas, tho cauvim of both. Neither country was foolish enough to diminish its revenues in the face of ft war ; nor when in want of credit, to lend its influence to breed distrust in bus- j in ess and commercial transactions. It was the aim of i both so to manage the government revenues, that (he money in the government treasury should strengthen and sustain tho business operation of the country. There was no ' divorce" between the government and the people. It was In this wsy, and by tltn aidol the bank of France, that Napoleon kept his budget in god condition, without very much burthvning the French people with taxes. But all this is aside from our present purpose. The truth is, Mr. Polk went into tins war blind as a bat: and doubtless supposed that one or two battles would end it. He had no manner uf conception of that feeling which induces tho most miserable people of the most miserable or nation to light like heroes against invasion ; and give ground to our armies only after such battles as nothing but discipline and valor could win : which induces them to retire from city to city, from field to field, in such sullen obstinacy, and yet in the face of starvation and disorganization to yield nothing. Mr. Polk had no notion of all this: end when he saw the actual drama of battles approaching, and the crises that always precedo victory, lie mounted the fence, and by means of his newspaper organ, discharged his puny missiles with impartial cowardice, first at his own army, then at the Mexi-cans determined himself to be safe, on whatever standard glory should alight. There is no reason to doubt from the course of the government organ, that if our little army had failed to achieve almost more than is possible for human valor if misfortune had forced it to recede in the face nl greatly superior numbers, instead of sdvancing as it has done our generals would have been sacrificed, and men who have built up solid military reputation by ft long life of de. totion to the army, would have been overslaughed, and covered with disgrace. Indeed, it is no fault of Mr. Polk, that it has not already been done, to give place to party favorites. To the American Senate belongs the praise of having frustrated that basely cherished design. The Henalo the noble Betiate, like Aaron of old, " stood between tho living and the dead, and the plague was stayed " But for the Henalo, WmriKi-o Scott and Zacmahv Taylor would have been put under the command of Thotna . litnton! This war, like all other wars, shows the quality of the men engaged in it. It is unnecessary to try Mr. Polk's character by any other lest. His organ has, over and ovsr again, when danger was ahead, and disaster lowered in prospect, declared that Mr. Polk had left the plan of the military operations and the conducting of the campaigns to the commanding Gene-rats and thus, by ft prudent attempt to escape responsibility, cut him off from any share in the merits of victory ; while at the same time it has shown on his part, the detestable purpose to stab the reputation of thoso o Ulcers, had the casualties of war thrown reverses upon them. handsome volume of some IHH) pages, containing ft series of four comedies, viz; 1. Tito Bncktails, or Americans in England ; !i. The Noble Exile; 3. Mud- men All, or the Cure of Love ; 4. Antipathies, or the Euthusiaxts by the Ears. Published by Cary iSt Hart, Philadelphia, M7. Froissart IIii.i.aiis, and Otiif.h Pop.ms. By Philip Pendleton Cooke. Dedicated to the linn. John P. Ken nedy. Carey & Ilarte, Philadelphia, 147. Mourn CiMVALRir, Or the Jdrenturrw of Captain Par mil it. and 'Prague 0' Regan. By II. H. HnwKr.ft-nun; a. Heroin! edition since the Author's death ; with a Biographical Notice, a Critical Disquisition on the Work, ard Explanatory Notes, Two Volumes Carey Si Ilarte, Philadelphia. A Author's Miii : Tmk Book op Titi.e-Paoi-.s. 11 Ji Rookfnl of Hooks" or Thirty ttooks in tine." Edited by M. F. Tupper, Esq. M, A. Author of " Pro. verlital Philosophy," tic. The Author claims for this woik that 11 it not only a book, but a bookful of books; not merely a new book, but ft little library of new books; thirty books in one a very harveat of epitomized authorship, the cream of a whole fairy dairy of quiescent post-octavos." " Philosophy iji HroRT maiik Scimick ix Ears-it st ; htinf an attempt to illustrate the first principles of Xatural Philosophy by the aid of the popular Toys and Spurts of Youth." From the sixth and greatly improved London edition. Lea & Blanchard, Phila. If 17 pp. 4:f.. "Tiik HrATr.suK op AurnicA in IHItf," By Sarah Mytton Maury. The authoress is an English gentlewoman ait arrant democrat anil somewhat sprinkled with the locofoco, who spent some time at Washington, in le lti. She is not so much partisan as to be incapable of discerning merit on either side j and her bonk is written in a much better spirit than most product ion a of a similar kind for which the literary world is indebted to English travellers. It is in scribed to the Hon. James Buchanan, Secretary of Slate. Carey V Ilarte, Phila. I47 pa Tni: IhsToitv op tiik Consulate au Empirk hk- nr.H Napoi.kon. By M. A. Titmts, late Prime Min ister of France, author of "the History of the Frenrh Revolution." Translated from the French by D. F. Campbell, with Notes and Additions by Henry W. Herbert. The work is designed to bo completed m III parts, at I'-'i rents each. Part sixth ia before us, making M" pagci. Harper's Illuminated and Illustrated Sua k kspk ark; Edited by Gulian C. Verplanck, L. L. D. ; funning about sixteen hundred pages royal octavo. This work is now completed, and would firm a rich ornament to any gentleman's library. "The GttKATicaT Pi aoi'E op Liir," Or the adventures of a Lady in search of a good servant. By one who has been almost worried to death." Illus trated by George Crmkaliatik. Part 1- Price fij. Valuable Mkdk al Books. Wo would call at tention to the advertisement of Ghioh, Em.iot V Co., Philadelphia, in another column to day, headed " Val uable Medical Books." These books are as necessary "in the formation of ft Physicians Library, as the Family Mild is to a Clergyman," which is certainly of the first importance. which ought lobe supplied. We have only to add, that the founders of this institution have set a noble example worthy of being followed ; and although they may fora time be censured by those who will not lako the trouble of investigating or reflecting upon the subject, their efforts cannot foil to secure the approbation of the humane and philanthropic who will visit the institution and become acquainted with its objects. J. L. TOltBEIiT, C. IIKYL, JOHN A. LA ELL, JOHN LANDES. Columbus April 2!, 1847. For the Oliio Stain Journal, The Tomb of Ilnrrison. Mr. EniTon In the Journal of lust week, you copied an article of " Shelbv's " which contains the right sort of matter, snd such as should be urged upon llie consideration of the citizens of this Union. I am happy to see the public again reminded of the obligations a christian people are under to perpetuate the memory of the patriotic, noble, and virtuous, who have devoted their time and talents for the general good, and have been ever ready to sacra lice health and life upon tho altar of their country. Such was the character of William IIk.nrv Harrison, I sincerely hope the suggestion made in 1H1 1 , to erect a monument at North Bend, may bo speedily carried intoeft'ect. That there should be that tribute of respect paid to one so worthy, all will atjree. And it would not take a great effort to raise sufficient funds for the consummation of that object. Now I hope something may be done in regard to this matter, and I would siiggent that there be a meeting called in your city, as you occupy a central position in Ohio, lor tho purposo of ascertaining the views of the people in relation to the above mentioned object. And if the thing cannot be done sooner, let the delegates to the talked uf Stale Convention, coiuo up prepared to give an expression of opinion, and take some action upon the matter for the furtherance of that noble undertaking. It is a thing which every Whig and every Democrat wou'd be. proud of; and a thing that every one would he glad to assist in erecting, and a trifle from every one would be sufficient, and small contributions would givo all a chance to participate in rearing a monument to the great and good. NIXON. For thu Ohio Statu Journal. CoLiiMBt'S Attn Lakp. Eiuk Railroad The commissioners of Knox county have subscribed $100,000 as stock for this Railroad. This subscription is supposed to place within reach of the company sufficient means to insure Ihe completion of (he rood from Newark to Mansfield, about f4 miles. The '-0 miles near-; est Newark is already advertised for letting, and Ihe remainder of the line is in the hands of the engineers, and in the course of preparation fur contract, at an early period. Mansfiklh, April 1H-I7. From the N. V, Commercial Advertiser of Saturday Afternoon. Lnte from .Mexico. Tho latest intelligence from the city of Mexico that we have seen is given in the Havana Dinrio de In Marina of tho illh inst., from which we translate the following : "On the Hist of Marrh wns published in Mexico the cnpitulatinn of Vera Crux. President Santa Anna issued an address to his countrymen in which among other Ihings, he says Mexicans, Vern Cruz is in the power of Ihe enemy. It has fallen, not lie lore the vnlor of the Americans or the influence of their rood fortune. Wo ourselves, lo our shame be it Haid, have brought this falal disgrace upon our arms by our interminable dissensions. 1 am resolved to go mid meet ihe enemy, Chance may decree that the proud American host slinll take Ihe capila of the Aztec empire; I ahnll n it behold that disnster, for I shall first lay dowii my life in the struggle. " Yet the mtioii slmli not pernli. I sivenr thai Mexico snail tri llion it my wiahea are seconded Ijy a sincere and unanimous effort. A thousand times forliunte for us will prove the disaster of Vera Crmt, if the fall of that ity snail awaken in the breasts of llio Mexicans the nihusiasm, the dignity iind generous ardor of a true patriotism. It will undoubtedly prove the salvation it the country. "On the '4i th of March were already assembled some troops at the Natiomil Bridge, under command of Gen. ia ega anil ul Hie liowrnor ot Hie State, Don Juan e Soto. Between the 7th and ItlUh Iwo brigades of n fan try and one of cavalry inarrhed from thu capital n the direction of the bridge, with their corresponding a tier ies, amounting in nil to two thousand men. On the 1st ot April, General Santa Anna in per- gon, would set nut from Mexico, with L'000 more, to rect the military operations in the State ot era Cruz, resolved, a he snvs, to dispute tho ground inch by inch, and die before he will consent to a peace his own words, as we hud them both in letters and in print- d documents, hnrollment of troops is going on at various points. The army of the North hag returned to San Luis t'otosi, where it remained at the date ol the latest uu- The Grand Lode of Freemasons in tho Dmtrict of Columbia, has been invited by the proper authorities to tay the co rue' stonu of the huiitlntoinnii Institute It is understood that Uie rresnleni ol ihe unileu States, as bend of the Corporation, or " establish ment" of the Smithsonian Institute, will unite in Uie I'reiuony of laving the corner stone; and the Vice resident of the United States, as chancellor of the nstittilion, is expected also to be present and deliver an address ou thu occasion. For ti e Ohio Stale Juiirnnl. Franklin county Poor House. The undersigned, havinir lately availed themselves of su opportunity of visiting the "Poor House" of this county, deem it due to sintering humanity, that they should publicly express the gratification afforded, them by the very decided improvements made in this institution, which is now admirably adapted to the wants of all its iiuuales, Hot only of those atllieted with bodily su tie ring, hut also of the insane. The arrangements tor the accommodation of the latter are ample, and bear honorable testimony to the humano feeiinira and enlt-rhtened views of the Commissioners and Directors. The undersigned had the pleuure of witnessing the happy rtteel whieh the treatment in this institution has produced upon a patient sent here from a neighboring state, at the instance of Miss Dix, sn well known throughout our whole country for her humane ctlrts to ameliorate the condition ot the sut ler in g tenants uf the various public institutions in the United States. 1 lie patient referred to, has been re stored to health, we cannot toroear here to suggest the propriety snd importance ef a change of name for these institutions. Why not call the in county Hospitals, or Infirmaries, or by some other name which will not constantly remind the unfortunate inmatn that he is the object of a kind of charity, to nearily akin in its ell'ects, to degradation f Surely, those who have themselves contributed to the support of these cry institutions, have some real claims upon their fellow citixens, when misfortune and sickness render Ihem unable longer In provide for their own wsnts Tho time has come when more enlarged and correct views should prevail upon this subject, and tho county asylums fur the unfortunate looked uhu in a different light. An etlictenl intelligent matron to take char ire of the orphan children in this institution, (of whom there are al present eiht.) seemed lo us a want seal island Honor to whom Honor Is due. Tilft Cincinnati (iatrtte says: Twenty years affo, Nathan Hale, Editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser, wrote a series of articles on railroads, showing their iiipenority to all other modes of travel, both lor freight ml passengers their importance in reviving the de-lining trade of that city and the certainly of their proving a safe investment for capitalist. For a year or two thu subject met with no lavor in any quarter. Il was considered sn visionary nnd ridiculous, Hint it was difficult for two persons to discuss it face to face, without (aliening. 1 lie Gazette need not have traveled all the way to Hoslon to find a man who had far seeing views of the railroad syslem, greatly in advance of his contemporaries. Earlier than the period named by the Ga-xette before our Stale canal system IimI been adopt- d that staunch old W lug, Col. James Kilbourue, ot Woithington, Franklin county, advocated, over his n roiier signature, in the Stole Journal, a railroad scheme ol improvements for Ihe Slate uf Ohio. How immensely ahead of her present advanced position .vould our State have been, had her public men pos-sessed the foresight to adopt, and Iho means to prosecute the suggestions of Col. K. Springfield Republic. Editing a Papkh. The National Intelligencer, in ineaking nf the manner in which editors have to work to render their paper a popular one, says, after slating the duties of the writing editor: lint what is the labor, tho toil, ol sueii a man, who ili up lava his leaded mailer." ever so largely, to that imposed on Ihe judicious, well-informed editor who exercises his vocation With an hourly consciousness of its responsibilities and its duties, and devotes himself to the conduct nl his paper with the same care and assiduity that a sensible lawyer bestows upon a suit, or a humane physician upon a patient, without regard to show or display ! Indeed, the mere writing part of editing paper is but ft small portion ot the work 1 lie care, tue tune employed m selecting is tar more important and the tact of a good editor is belter shown by his selections than by any thing else ; ami that, we all know, is half the battle. Hut as we have said, an editor ought to hu estimated and his labors) understood and appreciated, by tho general conduct f his piper, its tone, its uniform consistent course, its principles, its aim, its manliness, its dignity, its propriety. To preserve these as they should ho preserved, is enough to occupy full the time and attention of any man. If to this be added the general supervision ot the newspaper esiamisnmeni, wnicn most editors have to encounter, the wonder is, how they can find time or room "to write at all." Tiik Laihm' IsmATivr It is natural for ft woman to become inspired with a feeling of attachment as for a man. The only difference is, that her delica cya property, whieh I believe to be natural to her, not a mere result oi euucauon snrinxs irom a uronn, deliberate avowal of tho sentiment. Hut stm cannot wholly disguise or conceal it. H will then depend entirely on the man's penetration, nnd his seeing only a natural betrayal of her preference, whether hu is to lie alfected hy it, and moved to love her in return. We have all read in the divine Mantuan's eclogue " I love Phyllis before all, for she wept when I departed."How eternal snd invariable is human nature ! one of the men of Inuhesl rank and fortune in this country was first inspired with a regard for his amiable cm-sort by a tear which came into her eve on his departure from her father's mansion. During his whole residence, and to the moment of his leaving, there was no symptom of preference ; any such demonstrations towards a man, so obviously an object for matrimonii! speculations, would have only been disgusting. But tho denartcd return for something he had forgot the tear, ft natural tear, was there, and il had the effect of inspiring ft reflection which might otherwise nover have existed. Mexico The following description of the State and City of Mr.xico, is from a miniature volume recently publish-by Thomas Copperthwait & Co., Philadelphia, entitled " Description of the Republic of Mexico, including its physical and moral features, geography, agriculture, products, manufactures," &c. Mrxico. The state of Mexico, the most populous and important division of the Mexican republic, lies between Mechoacan and Puebla. It extends from Uie Pacific Ocean into thu interior, in a northwest direction, for n distance of 300 miles. Tho sea-coast ranges along the shores of the Pacific, from thu river Balsas to the Rio Naaca, 0 miles. A large portoin of the state is mountainous, on which is elevated the tablelands, forming the most valuable and best cultivated part of its territory. On these elevated plains, wheat, Indian corn, and the maguey plant, are extensively cultivated ; while in Ihe lower districts along the const, all the tropical productions of Mexico aru raised in abundance, '('lie latter portions of the state are less healthful and moro thinly peopled ttian tho uigner districts. This stale includes within its limits tho valley and city of Mexico. The latter is not within its political jurisdiction, but forms tho chief part of the Federal District. Talpan, the capital of the state, is a small town with GOOO inhabitants, nnd is about twelve miles from the city of Mexico. U has a mint, and is a favorite resort of tho wealthy Mexicans, Acapulco is tho port whence the rich Spanish galleons formerly took their departure for Manilla, to spread thu wealth of the western over the eastern hemisphere. It has a magnificent harbor, and seems to sartors to be tho very beau ideal of a seaport, being safe from all winds, with su trie ient water for ships of the largest size. The dis continuance of the galleon trade, and ttie unhealthi- ness ot the town, has reduced tiie population to less than 4000, chiefly negroes. Zimapan, Real del Monte, and Tasca, are noted for their rich silver mines. Cue rnavnea is interesting from Ihe curious monument called the fort of Xoclncalco, a hill 400 feet high, cut into terraces faced with uiasouary, the stones ot which are covered with hieroglyphics figures. Near Glum- ba is the small villuge ot luotihuucan, with its pyramids, ulrcady described. Fcur.RAL Distict. The Federal District is included within the boundaries of the state of Mexico ; it is, however, politically distinct from il, consisting uf the city of Mciico and a small portion of the immediate environs, and bearing the same relation lo the Mexican that the District of Columbia does to our own republic. The city of Mexico stands in the centre of thu valley of the aam name, a line and splendid region, variegated by lakes, and surrounded by some of tho lulticst volcanic peaks of the New World. The circumference of the vtill- y is about 1 7T miles: and it iurius ttie very centre of the great table-land ot Anahuac, elevated from (itiOO lo eilull feet above the sea. The largest of tho lakes is Tczcuco. Its waters are salt. On the north are the lakes of Han Christo-bul and Zumpango; and on the south are Xochomil-eo and Chale.o. These four are fresh water lakes. They are all elevated above laku Tczcuco, owing lo winch circumstance the city, in seasons of heavy rain, was formerly often inundated. Tho construction of s desague or canal to carry off the surplus water of lakes San Christobal and uiiipatieo, has, since prevented any very desolating flood. The desague is one of Ihe largest hydraulic works ever LXecuted. Were it filled with water, a fleet of first-ratomen-of-war might p.iss by it through the range uf mountains which bound the plain of Mexico. The original city of Mexico, or Tenochtitlan, was founded by the Mexicans in the early part of the 14th century, on a groupe of islands in lako Tczcuco. It was taken by Cortex in LV.il after a siege of ." days, during which it is said upwards of 100,000 Mexicans were slaughtered. The ancient city was destroyed, and the present one has risen out uf its ruins. It is built on the same site ; hut owing to the diminution of the waters of lake Tezcucn, ihe city is now two and a hull miles from its western bank. The city of Mexico was long considered Ihe largest in America; bill it is now surpassed by New York and Phihdelphia, and also by Rio Janeiro. The population has been by some estimated at liO0,hH) but it is believed not lo exceed 140,000. Mexico is considered one of tho finest cities built by Kuropenna in either hemisphere. There are verj few that will coin, pare with it in the regularity and breadth of the streets, and the extent of (lie sipiare and public places. The architecture is oftentimes in a go'id style; and there aie some edifices of a very handsome structure. The President's or Government PaUce, and the Cathedral, are both of ureal extent, each having a front of not less than uOu feet. The former is a common looking building, and has something of the appearance of a large cotton factory. It contains all the public offices, ai well as the halls uf the deputies in tin1 senate, together with the mint; only a annll portion of the buildiug being appropriated to the President's use. The Cathedral is a heterogeneous edifice, one part of the front being of bad Gothic architecture, snd the other in Ihe Italian style. The interior is oriiameut-ed in a rich and gorgeous manner, with pictures, painted statues, and with ornaments so innumerable, in gold snd silver and precious stones, that it seems ss if the wealth of empires was collected there. The Present's palace and the cathedral both front on the Plaza Mayor or Great Square, one of the finest to bo seen in any metropolis. Its north side is formed by ttie palace, and its east side by the cathedral and seg-rario or parish church ; vt bile on the oilier sides are handsome rows of shops and private uweinngs. The church services arc celebrated in the cathedral with great magnificence ; not even in Rome he rue if is greater attention paid to the minulin of religious ob servances, i here are ml or Hi outer churches, an sumptuously adorned in the interior. There are also numerous religious houses, two of which, viz : thu Franciscan and Dominican convents, sre extensive and wealthy establishments. The new theatre, finished in lr4:l, is said to be one of the finest in the world. It will hold frmu H,0(i0 to 10,000 persons. Some of the boxes rent Inon Ml0 to IltltKI per niinuui. On the western border of the city is the Alameda, an elegant public square of 40 acres, planted with poplars, and intersected with numerous walks. In the centre is a beautiful jet d'enu. Near ihe Alimedi is the t'aseo Ihe fashionable ride. It is a broad road, a mile wide, Here, in the evening, every one repairs, A thousand carriages and five thousand horsemen may be seen at once. The markets are well supplied with animal and vegetable productions, brought by crowds o canoes from lakes t'halco and Xochimilco, and the canal leading from them to the city. These canoes are often guided by females, who, al the same lime, sre weaving cotton in their simple portable looms, or plucking fowls and throwing the feathers into the water. Most of the flowers and roots have been raised in ehiuampas or floating gardens. These consisted originally ef wood en rafts, covered with earth, and floated about in tho lake whence their name is derived. At present they are mostly stationary. A few it is believed, aru slill to be found in lake Xochimilco. T'-e inhabitants of the city of Mexico number, as heforn stated, about 140,000, of whom nearly one-half are Creoles, or descendants of Spaniards, a fourth are copper-colored natives, and a tilth inetixoes ; thu remainder consists of mulattot's and Europeans, the latter probably not amounting to more than fttioO. Many of the nobles and successful sieculators in mining were very rich; but their number, since tho revolution, has declined. Still thrre are many wealthy iudiviilunls in Mexico. The lower orders sre fil thy, despise labor uf every kind, and are constantly seen lying it) the churcli-porchea and loitering about the markets. In many respects they bear a nlnkmg resemblance to the laxaroni of Naples; but the latter are nol stained with the crime of assussinalion, for which the lepervs of Mexico arc so notorious. There is here also a general ormr of the faculties, and the dolce far nitntt seems to bu Iho sutnmum honum of all classes. The dress of the men nf the higher orders closely resembles that of the European Spaniards, the large cloak being as common hero as in Spam. The costume of the ladies is universally black, with tho veil antl mantilla; but on holidays and public occasions their dresses are remarkable, as well fur gayuess of colors as lor expensiveness of material. Indeed, when in their carriages no the Pasco, they contrast somewhat strangely with the same persons when seen at home in complete dishabille, without Blockings, squat ting on tho floor, and either pursuing their favorite amusement of cigar smoking, or eaimg rakes and capsicum out of the dirty earthenwaro basins of thu country. The ladies seldom go out during the day ; but after sunset young and old come forth from their hiding-places, and the Alameda and Pasco swarm with tho damas and signontaa of the city, chatting and smokinir with their gallants. Many gentlemen be-lon?inir to the higher classes are intelligent, and a few even fond of literature ; but the city is so badly supplied with libraries and other means f atudy, as lo give little encouragement to such pursuits. SlONIVICATIOS Of M Kilt AN N A N ICS, Almost PVP. ry name given to a town or other locality in Mexico is in honor of some saint or hero, or denotes some peculiarity of the places, thus i Brazos Santiago or St. Ja-go arms of St. James; Vera Crux true cross ; Sal-tillo a leap; Monterey mountain king; Agna Nue-va new water; Corpus Chrisli (latin) body of Christ; La Vacca tho cow j Neueces nuts ; Lolma wolf Seals are called sea wolves by the Spaniards, and hence the name of the Island signifies more properly LAwnti. Rr.vKnnr Many years since a gentlemen in Newington,a parish of WcalherahYld, Connecticut, who was a very religious and conscienlioiia man, married ono of tho most ill-natured and troublesome wi. men he c uld find in the vicinity. This occasioned universal surprise wherever he was known, and one of his neighbors vrniurcd to ask him the reasons which had governed his choice. He replied that, hav ing had but little trouble in thu world, he was fearful of becoming too much attached to things of tune and sense, and thought, by exierieiiciiig some stllietmns, he should become more weaned from the world, and he married such a woman as he thought would accomplish his object. The best part of the story is, that his wife, hearing the reason why he married her, was much offended, and nut of revenge became one of the most pleasant and dutiful wives in the town, declaring that she was not going to be a pack-horse to carry her husband lo heaven. The Negotiations with Mexico The paper from which the following is copied not being opposed, as we are, to the origin and objects of the Mexican war, we suppose we run no danger of apprenension lor treason in copying it tor tue information of our readers, and especially of those gentle men who compose the Administration o una country, the government editor included. JVat. int. From the New Orleans Delta of April 13. Tub Atocha and Yucatan Foi.mks, A commission of lunacy should be taken out against our Executive whenever it undertakes to enter into negoti-stions with the Mexican Government or any of its States or people. The facility with which the innocent old gentlemen in Washington are led by the nose by Mexican negotiators in really alarming. The first great folly of treating with Santa Anna and letting him return to Mexico to organize the Mexican army for a more effective resistance to our arms, has been followed by several minor follies; all, however, detrimental to tho interests and discreditable to the sagacity and dignity of our Government. Not to allude to other blundering etnbaasis and overtures made by our Executive, we come down to the folly of picking up a renegade Mexican or South American in the streets of New York, and investing him with the high digni ty anu responsibility oi an American plenipotentiary. Senor Atocha is well known here, and his sudden el-' ovation is regarded by his old acquaintances as utter ly incredible. 1 hat an humble member of the night-watch of the First Municipality should suddenly, ', without any previour exhibitions of superior talent ! and character, rise to the lofty dignity of embodying, as a representative to a foreign nation, the power and grandeur of the United States, with the right lo dispose of fifteen millions of dollars and to negotiate a treaty and terminate a war between two great Repub-1 lies, is ine mosi encouraging example ol sudden rise which our history, abounding as it does in similar proofs of the elevating tendency of our institutions, has yet afforded. But it is not in this view that Ato- cha's mission excites in this city and elsewhere such unbounded astonishment and mortification. Had Mr. Uuclianan. to whom we attribute this niece of unpar alleled verdancy, desired to select out of our twenty millions ot people, a messenger to the Mexican Republic, whose character, position, snd past relations would excite in the minds of the whole Mexican people and of their iroverniiient the profoundest contempt and indignation, he could not have done better than he dd in selecting Henor Atocha. A long residence in Mexico, a profitable toadism to San la Ann, whose money-bag he carried to the cockpit frequented by his Excellency, an extensive shaving and pawubrokerage in a small way, in addition to petty intrigues, all terminating in rendering him so obnoxious to the Mexi cans as to suggest the expediency of his leaving tho country, are the qualifications of tho individual selected by our Government to bear the olive branch to the Mexican Guverniuent. On what ground this choice was made, we are at a loss to discover. It certainly could not have been made because of any scarcity of capable men among tho thousands of our citizens wno am always ready to nil with honor any public ottice. The complete failure of this mission, and the si most unrestrained indignation and contempt exhibited by the Mexicans towards Senor Atocha, suthciently demonstrate the weakness and fully of Lilts appointment. Illunder number two Is fully equal lo number ono. The reception of Oon Jose Robira, by our Govern ment, as the accredited agent and representative of ine sot a i sum independent Male ol xucalan, and ttie release of prixes taken by our navy, on the ground thai they belonged to the citixens of that Stale, ia one of Ihe most incomprehensible and iliexeusuhle follies ever committed by any Government. The whole affair was a most ludicrous farce, in which I'nrle Sain is made to act the character of booby to a half dozen tricksters and jugglers. Anxious to continue their proliiable business with the United States, especially at this time, when all the other Mexican ports were closed, the cunning Yucatecos gut up a pretended pronunciumfnto, declaring their separation fimii the Mexican Republic, and their determination to do bus iness on their own hook. Such appeared to be the character of the revolution in the papers ; whether it had any other or a real existance, we have never yet learned. 1 he object ol this revolution was very en-dent: they wished to preserve their commerce with this port, ami to save their vessels from our squadron. J Don Jose Robira was selected to carry out this intrigue and hoodwink the wise heads at Wushington. Accordingly, he came on here, grit letters for Washington, and received the imprimatur of the State of Lomsima, by being invited to sit nn the right hand of Ihe Speaker, or in some other elevated position ft most gratuitous, unusual, and foolish concession, i His success in the capital exceeded his expectations, The independence of Yucatan is recognised ; the ships seized by our fleet and under cuslody of law, are released ; Don Jose Robira is acknowledged as a Minis-, ter, and, what is of more advantage lo him, receives passports for Yucatan vessels, goes lo New York, ships several valuable cargoes for Campeachy and Merida, which will, of course, be permitted to pass through our squadron, and, when they are safe out nf New York, the news arrives that it is all humhu?; that Yucatan is still a portion of the Republic of Mexico, devoted lo the cause nf Santa Anna, and contributing her quota to the continuance of the war with the United States. Thus is our Government made to afford aid and comfort lo the enemy; and, what is scarcely less mortifying, to give them just grounds for exultation over our annplicily and credulity. We have a suspit:iun that this whole intrigue originated in New Orleans, and that the chief means of carrying it out were concocted here. A very little ssiracily or prudence would, however, have protected Iho Government from this gull-trap. There was an obvious impropriety in our Government recognising a State upon so small ft show of independence, and after so sudden, uncertain, and undefined revolution as that winch Robira represented. There should bo some permanency ; something fixed, settled, sud definite about a Government before its independence and Reparation from the mother State ia recognised by any outer nation, especially hyoneat war with Iho mother Government, from which the Slate claiminir its inde pendence has revolted. Ther were no such characteristics in the pretended revolution of Yucatan, and the recognition ttf tu independence by our Government was prematuro and unwise. The One Man Power, .tsj Etract from a Pamphirt entitled The Twenty-ninth Congress; its Men and Measures." It is hard to realixe, from readinir tho Constitution of the country, how one man, though occupying the ihi;h intu c ui rrsiueui oi ine unueu ciiutes, can assume to the extent practised, powers not warranted by the Constitution, or successfully abuse powers, to the amo extent, when conferred by the Constitution. Hut in this, aa in other things, where there is ft wilt therp is a way. The Executive, over and over sgam, refuses to approve ol laws sanctioned by nearly all ins pn-oecpssors. a mil ior mo improvement oi me inland navigation of the counlry; lor removing ob structions from rivers and harbors, whereby the fruit of agriculture and trade may be more securely trans-transmitted from the interior States to tho Ocean, and Ihe lives of passengers made secure from dangers worse than those of thu great deep, ia wantonly vetoed at one session nf Congress, and at the next, with appropriations much reduced, and the bill, if possible. irameu to avoid every objection ol the 1-jXeculivc, is quietly put into the President's breeches pocket. It ir legal, in ine i resident s estimation to remove obstructions from the Rio Grande, and lo make roads in Mexico without an act of Congress; but all this is monstrous, when tho Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi, and the great lakes, are the places of these improvements. It is legal lo expend one hundred millions of dollars in prosecuting war of conquest, and which threatens disunion in the end, snd yet it is unconstitutional to givo a dollar for removing a rock from thu lakes, or a snag from a river. This veto war upon the life and in. terestsof the western Hnple,and againsl the judgment of Congress twice expressed, is an act so bold snd so reckless ol lite, property, public sentiment, and ttie common good, that it ought to arouse the indignation of the whole counlry. We propose not lo argue the question of power Willi the President; we say, however, that Iho veto of a private claim, like that for the payment of spoliations committed uion American commerce hy the French, or ul a bill for cleaniiir out danircmtia obstructions from great public highways u-auing io the ocean, or lo foreign ports, or from ono Slate to another, is a monstrous usurpation of power. A wiser discretion unquestionably then should be in making appropriations, and the representatives of the people are to be trusted upon such a subject as this. If Ihe power is not with Congress, it ia nowhere. The States would nol improve rivers and harbors, if they could, and could not if they vould. The Constitution useii lorinda ft compact, agreement, or alliance be tween two or more States, without the consent nf Congress, and such an alliance would be necessiry for the completion ol any public work. 1 he sue tit of Congress may be given, has been given, was given at the last session o I. on press, to ft Mute company who have power to improve the navigation of the James river, I and to impose a lax upon vessels passing nn the river. The Government itself is a stockholder, and ft great beneficiary from the profits derived from stock held in the Portland and Louisville canal ; and all this Govern ment authority and association proves tho power of Congress over the subject. Hut it is morally sud physically impossible for the Stales to make harboti, construct breakwaters, and clear out channels. It is not their business 'Jon jt rest." (nol the States,) says the Constitution, shall hare potrcr to regulate torn, merce with forttftt nations an it amomi tiik skvfrai. Statm, and with the Indiun tribes." Here is the pow er, and the destinctiun between foreign commerue is as cruel to the interior States as it is unjust to the whole Union. Rivers and harbors, indeed, are for the benefit of the whole Union, and Ihe commerce of the Union, in one way or another, shares in every great public commercial improvement. The President approves a bill cstshlishuig liifht-houses, showing the way to a harbor on the lake, but nn obstruction whieh prevents the safe entrance lo a harbor, according to in uieory, cannot be removed! uen. jacason, iha mentor of Mr. Polk, could approve of such measures as these, and did approve them, including thirty-three of Ihe forty.nine objects embraced in the vetoed bills of the last Congress, and the remainder were for harbors connected with the external trade of the counlry ; but our ' Young Hickory" can find no authority in the Constitution for this, though ample powers for bringing on a foreign war by his simple word of com. mand. Mr. Van fiuren, too, could do this, but not the head of this economical nnd conscientious Administration ! He could go so far as to " invite the attention of Congress to the suggestion and recommendations of the Secretary of War in relation to the prominent objects of national interest." but when Congress heeded these recommendations and suggestions, and passed a bill to establish harbors where there are none, then the veto power is interposed between the act done and his own suggestions ! Look to ihe first annual message of Mr. Polk, and you will find the express attention of Congress recommended to the following ftom the Secretary of War : "The lakes are almost entirely destitute of natural harbors. Navigation upon them was exposed to imminent perils, nnd not uufretiueutlv attended with frightful loss of life and property. With the settle ment and growth of the western country, tho com merce upon these inland sens has rauidlv increased. and its estimated annual amount now exceeds in value the entire exports, of the nroducls and manufactures of the United States to all foreign countries. An interest of this magnitude, daily augmenting, in which so many States, and so large a portion of our citizens participated, naturally commanded the attention ot Congress, and properly received its fostering care. Should it ever become necessary to have a naval force upon these lakes, the numerous and commodious haibors thus provided by the aid of the government, will contribute In its safety and success- nn operations, jiesmes, there are now empioyeo in the commerce of these lakes a great number of largo sized and stoutly built steamers, which would not have been placed there by individual enterprise, but for the safety arid accomodation afforded bv these har bors. In case of a public emergency, these steamers can be expeditiously converted into effective vessels of war, and rendered subservient lo military opera-lions. Nor are the economy nnd facility of transporting troops, munitions of war and supplies, to be overlooked in estimating the public advantages of Iho lake improvements. It is also snid that our best sea men are those who have been trained m the navigation of our lakes. Reasons like these avail nothing with the President, nor his friends in Congress. The bills passed are vetoed, or, what is worse, pocketed, and under the influence of Ihe veto, and the attractive rewards of office from the Executive, the judgment of Congress is pcrvcrieu anu uesiroyed, and the people made to sul- fer. The loss of lives upon the lakes have not only been fearful, but tho loss in vessels and cargoes upon the western lakes and rivers are probably not less than jty.700,000 per annum. Insurance is high in proportion as the risks are dangerous, and when it is known that ttie loss in hoots have been for several years eight per cent, upon the value, some estimate may be formed of the premiums necessarily paid. From the National Intelligencer. The following letter, as the reader will at once perceive, ia from the anme gentleman f rom whose pen we published two tetters during the late winter, with the initial signature T," and who has added lo the obligation conferred upon us in making this paper the medium of his communications to tho public, by giving the sanction of his proper name to the letter before us. Having occupied for several years, with advantage to himself and credit to his country, the arduous and responsible position of Minister of Ihe United States to Mexico, uu possesses such knowledge and information of ttie character and qualities of that country and its people as quality hun, aud almost required uf him in the present conjuncture, to spread his views before his fellow citizens ; Giikcsvillk, April 8, 1847, GrwTi.r.MKti : In the articles w hich were published in your paper I only designed to point out some of the ditliculties which would be presented in a further prosecution of a war of invasion, and in the conclusion very briefly suggested what 1 regarded as the only plan of conducting the war with any hojw of favorable results the occupation by a line of military posts of such porlions of the Mexican territory as tl ia our purpose to retain. 1 then thuught and still think, that every cons idem I ion of policy, uf honor, and of honesty, would restrict this line to the Hio Grande. I do not believe that out of our own country an impartial tribunal could be orgamied in tho civilized world which would not instantly reject our claim uf title to the country between ttie Nueces aud the Hio Grande, snd, therefore, 1 would not even take that, but certainly no rood of laud beyond it. There are other considerations which would induce me to reject any furttier acquisition of territory, even if it was tendered to us ; snd that is, that slavery will never exist in any Slates beyond Uie Rio Grande, whether restrict ed or not by Congressional legislation. Slavery is forever prohibited there by laws more fixed and un changeable than legislative enactments, for they may oe n-peaicd ; slavery there will bu worse thanunprofitable. I have never suggested, and do not approve of, the expedition lo Vera Crux with the view of collecting duties there after it is in our possession. The coat of Ihe expedition and of keeping up a sufficient garrison win oe twenty times as much ss the amount received from duties ; to say nothing of the enormous waste of human life. When 1 learned that the collection of duties at Vera Crux was a favorite plan of the Administration, I suggested to you and lo more than one member of the Cabinet, other modes of accomplishing the same object which I thought were preferable. 1- irsl. that by whxh Gen. Jackson checkmated South Carolina nullification : the establishment of a floating customhouse. Two men-of-war in front of Vera Crux would be all sufficient for this purpose. If we have the right to blockade wo have the right to relax that blockade provider! tho conditions enforced operate equally on 11 nations. Such a measure would nol be objected lo by any nation, for it would be favorable to the commerce ol all. Secondly, by ihe establishment nf custom-houses at Tampico and Matamoras, and the blockade of the other porta on the Gulf. The distance from Tampico lo Mexico is the same aa lint Irom Vera Crux to Mex ico, and Tampico is much nearer to all the wealthy internal departments where foreign merchandise is consumed. Shutting up Vera Crux by blockade will throw iis commerce into Tampico, as damming up one branch of a creek throws all ttie water into the other channel. We had possession of Tampico, and it is ft much more healty aud eligible position. I do not think llml any considerable amount will be realized by this measure. One thmgia altogether certain, that merchandise landed at Vera Crux will nut pass into the interior to any considerable extent, without the connivance of the Government nf Mexico.- There is but one road from Vera Crux to the city of Mexico, and, for much the larger part of the route, no other practicable passway, I ho road is cut through and over lofty and rugged mountains. The rough snd often precipitous ground on both sides, covered with ihe countless varieties of the prickly pear, is literally impassible. There are military stations all along the route, and Iwo largo cities, and many small towns to psss through. One of these, Puebla, where it may almost be said that all the manufactories of Mexico are concentrated. It is to be expected that merchandise can be transported on this route without being seised aud forfeited. If this be true, how rediculous-ly absurd is the idea which has been suggested of imposing duties on Ihe sixty articles the importation uf which has alwnya been prohibited by the Mexican tariff: to suppose that Ihey will relax their prohibitory system lor us, when no exigency of their own has cv-T induced them lo do it i If tho Government of Mexico sanctions the reception of goods upon which we have received duties, il should admonish us to lies-itale lo adopt ft measure so sgreesble to them. Mex-ico would only do this from pressing and absolute necessity. If such a necessity should exist, we would certainly derive moiv bene 111 from it in coercing a piece Irom the smsll amount received from duties would be worth to us. The comparative low rate of duties winch il is proposed to charge would leave foreign merchandise subject to another Mexican tariff of equal or even greater amount, and the aggregate of the two would be still a lower tariff than Ihe Mexicans are accustomed to, They would derive as much money from the measure as we should, and ono dollar to them is as much as trn lo us. 1 have little doubt that this will turn out another ono of those blunders of which the Adunnisirslion has msde so many resulting as 1 believe, from the want of accurate information aa to the character of Ihe Mexican people, the situation and circumstances of the country, and a reliance for this information uon persona in every way unworthy of confidence. My object in writing lo you was principally to correct the misapprehension that I had advised tins expedition to Vera Crux Allow me to say a word on another branch of Ihe subject. Every body is tired of this wsr, and anxious for peace; not so inurh for ft treaty of peace as lor actual peace ; not a treaty of ence and actus) war, but actual rteacc. with or without a treaty. The plnu which 1 have heretofore suggested (and 1 only claim the credit of being Iho first lo indicate it) will, beyond all doubt, give us this peace. What arc the evils of war? Carnage, expenditure ol money, and the deprivation of Mexican commerce. With a line of posts trarns- oued with fifteeen or twenty thousand men, (and our regular army numbers ii.VHH),) does any one man alive suppose that Mexico will ever assail that line? The last rally has been a spasmodic etl.irl, produced by the invasion of their country as Ihe nmai timid bird will defend ila nest; but it would be nothing lesslhan impossible lo raise and march ft Mexican army of fifty thousand men to Ihe Hio Grnude. There will then bu no moro fighting, no more bloodshed, no more expense, as our regular army vrll man Iho posts, and thai army must be supported somewhere, and we have no use for it any where else. Then ss to the third and last : deprivation of Mexican commerce. What has been the amount of commerce for the last twelve years? Not an annual average of one million of dollars. A fair merchantile prorif on that of ten per cent, would be 1 00,000. That is the most that we should lose. Rut will we lose that? With a line of frontier of five hundred miles, dots any one doubt that ten times tho n mount of merchandize would be carried on across that line as by regular importation, aud by the very eamo process by which it if proposed to introduce it by way of Vera Cruz ? It is thus iu our power at once to put an end to this most unnecessary and deplorable war, and every consideration which should have influence upon honorable men demands that we should do so. The national honor nover required Ihe war. The honor of this country require a war with Mexico I No view of national interest justifies its further prosecution opon ft feeble, vanquished, but gallant enemy. Glor ous as have been and always wifl be the achievements of our arms, tho shout of victory is not unaccompanied willi the sobbings of grief and the agony of many ft strick en and broken heart. Who that has ft heart does not feel it beat in deep sympathy with the illustrious patriot of Ashland for thu loss of his gallant and heroic son ? Terrible is the responsibility of thoso who have it in their power lo stop the further effusion of blood and who do it not. 1 will not say that they incur all Iho moral guilt of murder, but I solemnly declare that, in like circumstances myself, 1 should feel that I did. Very truly, your mend, Ac, WAODY THOMPSON. ODE. Sung at the celebration of the Mirth-Day of Hr.Nnv Ci.av, tn the city of iVto York, April 12, lull. Bv Miss E. R, BtAnusLKT, Late of Columbus. Ring out the joyous sounds anew, repeat them o'r again, All hen r Is will gladly echo back, th music of the strum, White pleasure beams in every eye, bright smiles round each lip play, We'll pledge ourselves to him and sing, " long live our gallant Cl.AV." We hail him true, and firm, and wiso, and on the rock of famo, la shining characters inscribed, behold his much loved name) . tl No sighs and tears bedim its licht, but each heart lends a ny Of love, lo shed a halo round Uie name of llt.NRT Clay, Well may America be proud to hail him as her son. No other I i if lit e'er shone as bright, save that of Washington, We ne'er shall know of one more great, whan he has passed away, Tho' many strive, they'll strive in vain, to equal Hr.NHY Cl.AV. s His besrt is with th' oppressed and oil has throb'd with struggling Greece ( He's Freedom's friend, and loves the smile of gentle soft- eyeo peace. But let a fen insulting come, to bear ourriehts awav And he's lh champion of our cause, the Tearless IIcnrv Cl.AV. Then let tho peoplo of this land, with joy repeat the lone. That be. the noble, great and good, we proudly call our oirti r ' i no nags uial at our mast-heads host,' in tnu' jph seem to sav. The stars mid stripes grow brighter still, ad joied by Hf.khy i. lay. He's numlicrcd thrre score years and ten, and grief, which none imiy slum, Bows down his whitened head this day, la anguish for bis son, Who fell upon the field of fame, from home far, far away A nation mourns his loss with thee, oh stricken Hfc.iitY Clay. Ring out the joyous sounds anew repeat them o'er again Atl hearts will gladly echo back the music of the strain t While plnnfture beams in every eye, bright smiles round curb lip play, We'll pledge ourselves to him again'' long live our gallant v-l.AY. Ran In Annn's Report of (he late Baltic The lenirih of Una document precludes its publica tion in the Tribune. The defeated General does his best to cypher out victory for himself at tiuena Vis ta, but it s a desperate job, which he had better not have undertaken. He gives a sad picture of the pri valions of his army, which consisted of 13,4 S3 in. fantry, 4,&tri cavalry, and 413 artillerymen in all 18,. in,i men. lie slates that he compromitled his own private fortune and the credit of himself and friends tn the amount of $IH0,0OO, in order to obtain supplies for twelve days, fie lost 1000 men by sickness and desertion before the battle. Many of the soldiers had been taken from their homes by violence. All his plsns appear to have been defeated by thewell-planned movements of General Taylor, who received information of his (Santa Anna's) position through a de- sciier. ins i ssi. enuri pn ine .mj ne Mimas WOUId have been entirely successful if General Minon had done his part by attacking Genoral Taylor in the rear. Minon is lo lie court-martialed lor failing to perform his duty. The Mexican loss in killed and wounded is estimated at more than 1,500 men: while that of the American army is represented ss much greater.' as to ine enect wnicn me Dame is to have in preparing the way for an early peace, Santa Anna says : From the impression we had made on the enemy, lie did not appear before us for three days. The bearer of flag of truce, however, arrived with ft proposi tion from Gen. Taylor, for an exchange of prisoners. and for our sending for Ihe wounded who had remained on the field, lie also expressed to me the desiro Inch Ihe Americans felt for the re-establishment of peace. 1 replied, ia order that he might say the same to his General, that we sustained Ihe most sacred of causes the defence of our territory and the preservation of our nationality and rights ; that we were not the aggressors, and that our government had never offended that of the United Stales. 1 observed that wo could say nothing of peace while the Americans were on tins side of the Ilravo, or occupied any part of tho Mexican territory or blockaded our ports ; anil thai we have resolved to perish or vindicate our rights; that fortune might not be always favorable lo the enemy, and their experience of the tM and !td should convince them that it could change. 1 added, (hat tho Americans waged against us a war of vandalism, whose excesses outraged those sentiments of humanity which one civilized nation ought to evinee toward another ; and that if he would go outside of Uie apart ment ne wouiu see sun smoaing (wnicn was the tact,) ttie dwellings of Agua Nueva, recently ft flourishing, though ft small settlement ; that the same vestiges of desolation marked (lie mute of his retreat; and that if lie would go a hlile further on, to Catane, he would hear the moans of widows snd orphans of innocent . victims who had been sacrificed without necessity. With respect lo the wounded whom 1 was invited to send for, I replied that there could be none save ttiose who had been too much hurt to arise from the field, or those most in the advance, who had remained in the ravines . and that as 1 had no means for their conveyance the enemy might take them to tialtillo, under the protection of the laws of nations. As for the prisoners which he offered lo exchange, I told him I knew not who it could be, unless it were some of our dispersed troops, or some who, from the fatigue of the two previous days, had remained asleep when we moved. In answer to the courtesy the enemy 'a General had shown, with respect to our wounded, I consented in the name nf the nation, to release all the prisoners we had those taken both in Uie battle and at Encar-nacion. At the same time I allowed the bearer of the flag, who was a superior officer, of prepossessing appearance and manners, to take the bandage from his eyes, and informed him that, it was for him personally that the honor of this concession was meant. 1 did it also, that he might see our camp and our troops. Tim Evacuation or Vm Cnux, A lata letter of Mr. Kendall to the I'tcayune says: " I have slid but little about the evscualion of this place by Ihe Mexicans, on the UiHh ultimo, because 1 have had little time, it reminded me more of Ihe departure of ihe Israelites than aught else 1 can compare it to; the long procession of soldiers, national militia, and people of all classes and sexes, as they poured oul of Iho walls of ft city setoff aa this is with huge antique-looking dooms and other architectural ornaments. Asat Monterey, there was thesamo throng of camp-women, carrying every conceivable implement of ornament end use, especially of the former, to say nothing of innumerable parrots, poodle dogs, and other absurdities of a kindred nature. Jlis a singular fact that the poorer Ihe people in everv country the greater number of dogs they must havo about Ihem ; but in no nation does the half-starved population alfecl the animal lo the same extent as this. 11 The weather continues hot insupportnbly hot in the middle of the day ; but all my inquiries would in duce me lu iH-lrive that as yel there is little sickness among the troop. The report that the dreaded rvtnito had broken out was certainly premature. All Ihink, however, that the sickness must appear in the course of ft week or two, but probably not unlit Gen. tieoit has moved onward with the main portion of the army. If all Santa Anna's cattle are brought in, or only a portion of hia immense herds, il will accelerate movements greatly." A moth Kit I'norosmos to Maxito. The Wash ington correspondent of the Baltimore Hun in his letter of Monday says : It is now known that ft messenger or peace was lespatrhed to Mexico by this government on Kstur-tay. Thu offer has been staled by some, to he morn favorable and more likely to be acceptable lu Mexico th in any previous overture. However thai may be, I can siaie, with ihe most entire confidence, that the President has solemnly de. lermined never lo relinquish lo Mexico one inch of that soil which has oeeit proiuseiy watered hy American blood, and conseeraled by American valor. Tho bloody battle fields of Monterey and Buena Vista are never again to know Mexican domination. Ho no go down to twenty degrees, thirty minutes, any how.

WEE vLY "TT7T 1" 0 m a nn E JOURNAL VOLUME XXXVII. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, MAY 5, 1847. NUMBER 36. Till KNDA.Y HVKNING, April 31, 1817. Vligiuia Election The returns of the recent election in Virginia continue to come in slowly, and aa the congressional elections were contested with inoro than ordinary epint, the results are in many caiui yet held in suspense : First Cosoressio al District. WatU, (V ) Atkinson, (L. F.) Norfulk county W inuj. City 3ihi " Princess Anne Id 4111 maj. These countici gave Mr. Clay in 1844 343 majority, when the Locofoco maj. fur Mr. i'olk in the entire District wri 11)3. Five counties remain to bo heard from, vii : Isle of Wight, Nansemond, Bussex, Southampton and Surry. The election hat been very clog in this district, and our beat account leave the rpitilt in doubt. j Skcon n District. Helling, (VV.) Dromgoole, (L. F.) Dinwiddle 12J Prince George f4 Petersburg l!)L Greencsville 35 The counties in this Dirstrict yet to be heard from arc Nottoway, Mecklenburg, Brunswick and Amelia. A slip from the nllice of the Washington W hig says : Boiling's majority over Dromgoole in the Second District is sixty-fvk ! ! ! Fourth District. Irving, (W.) Ilocock, (L. F.) Cumberland I0 maj. Fluvana lift j The Richmond Whig compiles returns from some precints in several of the ou unites in tltia District, and remarks The chances, from the foregoing returns, are fair 1 for Irving' election though the contest will be close, and tho result is doubtful. i Firm District. ' Goggin (W.) b. F. Leake, (L. F.) . Albemarle M7 niiij. I Orango 13 " Mndison 487 mnj, j Nelson, Bedford, Green, and Amherst comities in this District to be heard from result very doubtful. But ii District. The Richmond Whig of Haturday says The majority of Johji Mi bur Butts in (he Metropolitan District is not less than six himuhkij ! fcice the documents: Richmond Henrico Powhatan Hanover (supposed) Goochland (about) Chesterfield Louisa Doits. ,..: w ... :tr ... uu Leake. 100 a: 14 it: id Seventh District, Bayly, Locofoco, is re-elected. Kioiitii District. There is no doubt of the election of Heale, Loco frco, in the eighth district, over Newton, Whig. K1MTII ItlSTItlCT. John 8. Pendleton, the " lone star" from Virginia in Uie last Mouse of Representatives, is re-elected by an increased majority. LEGISLATURE. The last Legislature has a Locofoco majority of lit) on joint ballut. They will still retain a majority, beyond ft doubt but considerably diminished, bo far as returns have come to hind, the changes are audi us to reduce that majority to 14. It may be still further reduced by the returns yet to come in. The A u p ice. There never was a time when the auspices for Whig success were better than at the present moment. The country in 1814, had become tired of one imbecile and corrupt administration and it is now getting equally tired of another. From this slate of affairs, the truth A, ' ' 1 1 . , . i i . , ,, , , &c. &o. and William Irving Paulding. This is that it ill not do to choose Presidents of the United . B . . The war is regarded by pretty much every body at a blunder on the part of Mr. Polk. The public mind is satisfied with victories, which it was confident such officers and such men must win. And if the news of peace should arrive to-morrow, the rejoicings would be great and universal. But whether wo have war or peace, Mr. Polk will have exhibited himself. The country is weary of Aim, and of the party which elect-ed him, and which still 1ms the dishonesty to give him an apparent support, while it exhibits tokens of futigue and disgust at his pusillanimous conduct. We confidently look for the election of a successor, strong in the Whig faith, and by large majorities. A. successor who whether a civilian or a soldier shall restore the Presidency of the Republic, to its original and legitimate dignity and purity. " By prompt action these men can be raised in three weeks." So says the man of the Statesman. Well, neighbor, that will do by way of precept. Give us something by way of example, if you please. Show us a specimen of prompt action." Without, it an hour's patriotic talk would be all idle. " One of tho most effectual modes of giving 'aid and comfort to the enemy," in our estimation, is for the authors and advocates of the war to be spending their time and wasting their breath in abusing the Whigs, instead of enlisting as they ought, and giving the Mexicans a substantial thrashing. This standing off at a very safe distance and scolding your neighbors for not going forward to 14 fight out" a quarrel of your own picking, is " a most disgraceful position in the eyes of tho world." Show us your " prompt action," neighbor ! Correction An error escaped in the date of Gov. fl ebb's Proclamation, published in our paper of Tuesday, being as of March ii7, whereas it should have been slpril 27. The error originated with tho copying Clerk in the Governor's ollice. The observant reader would readily see the error, as tho accompaning reqiaition from the War Department, on which the Proclamation is predicated, is dated April ), Hi: mors AeciDKKT. The editor of the Chicago Journal, R. L. Wilson, Esq., (son of Judge Wilson of fcSteubenvillo, and late editor of the Massillon Gazette) was very seriously injured by the accidental discharge of a cannon, which he was assisting to load, st the celebration in Hint city of Taylor's victory at Buena, Vista. O. S. Journal. We are authorised to say that R. L. Wilson, Esq , of Chicago, is not the son of Judge Wilson of this city. The Journal is mistaken, and will oblige Judge W. by making the correction. Stcubtncille Herald. Right (i lad are wo of the opportunity to do "that same." And the unaffected sympathy we had designed and sent forth for our excellent friend . C. Wilson, may, (inasmuch as ho does not need it,) be transferred to the real sufferer, It. h. Wilson. And in this, we are sure our friend " the Judge," will cordially join us while he allo vs us to congratulate him on the exemption of his dnrlint from the serious calamity we supposed had befallen him. I'ninklin Comity Poor House. Tlio citizens of Franklin county will read with proud satisfaction the statement turnihrd by the President and Associate Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, made at the close of their recent Term, in reference to this public charity. We have oursi Ives before heard the institution and its management, very favorably spoken of; and have no doubt but that the institution will grow in favor with the people in proportion as they shall become acquainted with its merits. New Publications. Messrs. Whiting & Huntington have politely laid upon our table a number of recent publications ; among; which we notice A mi: hi can Comwhm by Ju met K. Paulding, author of Westward Ho !" Dutchman's Fireside," Htates from among men of ordinary third rate capacity. Whichever party shall succeed by electing such a man, will win to its own cost Tho election uf Col. Polk may have been a fair trick, though for our life we never could see the teit of it; and the party that perpetrated it, is reaping and must reap, the harvest that should have been expected. The thorn which pierces their flesh, is of the tree of their own planting They ahould have known what fruit would spring from such seed. The feature of this administration is the Mexican War. The policy by which it has been kept up, and the finances to supply the War, are only subsidiary. In the first place, the country was sought to be put upon war fooling, by striking down and paralysing the sources of revenue. A fcSubtreasury, based upon the idea or notion that mniipy is to be kept in strong boxes, rather than to bo used ; a tariff predicated upon the theory that the smaller the duties, the greater the revenue, (Ami were Mr. Polk's financial corner-stones. What other nation ever went to war in this way? What could comu of it, except what has come of it : large deficits, and national debts? Mr. Polk although hts grandfather it is said was not a Whig, and although his prime minister was a rtry blue federalist now claims to trace his political descent, (as does his said prime minister,) to the p&rty which used to affiliate with Franco rather than with England. His policy, however, so far as it partakes of the policy of either counlry, is tho policy of Pitt. by which the British nation is involved in a hopelesa national debt, rather than of .Yapolton, who, in the midst of iiis wars by which Gieat Britain was impoverished, always paid as he went. The policy, (if that he not a misnomer,) of Mr. Polk's administration cannot, nevertheless, bear any comparison with the poliey of France, or of England. It is compounded of the cast-otT notions, the rejected ideas, tho cauvim of both. Neither country was foolish enough to diminish its revenues in the face of ft war ; nor when in want of credit, to lend its influence to breed distrust in bus- j in ess and commercial transactions. It was the aim of i both so to manage the government revenues, that (he money in the government treasury should strengthen and sustain tho business operation of the country. There was no ' divorce" between the government and the people. It was In this wsy, and by tltn aidol the bank of France, that Napoleon kept his budget in god condition, without very much burthvning the French people with taxes. But all this is aside from our present purpose. The truth is, Mr. Polk went into tins war blind as a bat: and doubtless supposed that one or two battles would end it. He had no manner uf conception of that feeling which induces tho most miserable people of the most miserable or nation to light like heroes against invasion ; and give ground to our armies only after such battles as nothing but discipline and valor could win : which induces them to retire from city to city, from field to field, in such sullen obstinacy, and yet in the face of starvation and disorganization to yield nothing. Mr. Polk had no notion of all this: end when he saw the actual drama of battles approaching, and the crises that always precedo victory, lie mounted the fence, and by means of his newspaper organ, discharged his puny missiles with impartial cowardice, first at his own army, then at the Mexi-cans determined himself to be safe, on whatever standard glory should alight. There is no reason to doubt from the course of the government organ, that if our little army had failed to achieve almost more than is possible for human valor if misfortune had forced it to recede in the face nl greatly superior numbers, instead of sdvancing as it has done our generals would have been sacrificed, and men who have built up solid military reputation by ft long life of de. totion to the army, would have been overslaughed, and covered with disgrace. Indeed, it is no fault of Mr. Polk, that it has not already been done, to give place to party favorites. To the American Senate belongs the praise of having frustrated that basely cherished design. The Henalo the noble Betiate, like Aaron of old, " stood between tho living and the dead, and the plague was stayed " But for the Henalo, WmriKi-o Scott and Zacmahv Taylor would have been put under the command of Thotna . litnton! This war, like all other wars, shows the quality of the men engaged in it. It is unnecessary to try Mr. Polk's character by any other lest. His organ has, over and ovsr again, when danger was ahead, and disaster lowered in prospect, declared that Mr. Polk had left the plan of the military operations and the conducting of the campaigns to the commanding Gene-rats and thus, by ft prudent attempt to escape responsibility, cut him off from any share in the merits of victory ; while at the same time it has shown on his part, the detestable purpose to stab the reputation of thoso o Ulcers, had the casualties of war thrown reverses upon them. handsome volume of some IHH) pages, containing ft series of four comedies, viz; 1. Tito Bncktails, or Americans in England ; !i. The Noble Exile; 3. Mud- men All, or the Cure of Love ; 4. Antipathies, or the Euthusiaxts by the Ears. Published by Cary iSt Hart, Philadelphia, M7. Froissart IIii.i.aiis, and Otiif.h Pop.ms. By Philip Pendleton Cooke. Dedicated to the linn. John P. Ken nedy. Carey & Ilarte, Philadelphia, 147. Mourn CiMVALRir, Or the Jdrenturrw of Captain Par mil it. and 'Prague 0' Regan. By II. H. HnwKr.ft-nun; a. Heroin! edition since the Author's death ; with a Biographical Notice, a Critical Disquisition on the Work, ard Explanatory Notes, Two Volumes Carey Si Ilarte, Philadelphia. A Author's Miii : Tmk Book op Titi.e-Paoi-.s. 11 Ji Rookfnl of Hooks" or Thirty ttooks in tine." Edited by M. F. Tupper, Esq. M, A. Author of " Pro. verlital Philosophy," tic. The Author claims for this woik that 11 it not only a book, but a bookful of books; not merely a new book, but ft little library of new books; thirty books in one a very harveat of epitomized authorship, the cream of a whole fairy dairy of quiescent post-octavos." " Philosophy iji HroRT maiik Scimick ix Ears-it st ; htinf an attempt to illustrate the first principles of Xatural Philosophy by the aid of the popular Toys and Spurts of Youth." From the sixth and greatly improved London edition. Lea & Blanchard, Phila. If 17 pp. 4:f.. "Tiik HrATr.suK op AurnicA in IHItf," By Sarah Mytton Maury. The authoress is an English gentlewoman ait arrant democrat anil somewhat sprinkled with the locofoco, who spent some time at Washington, in le lti. She is not so much partisan as to be incapable of discerning merit on either side j and her bonk is written in a much better spirit than most product ion a of a similar kind for which the literary world is indebted to English travellers. It is in scribed to the Hon. James Buchanan, Secretary of Slate. Carey V Ilarte, Phila. I47 pa Tni: IhsToitv op tiik Consulate au Empirk hk- nr.H Napoi.kon. By M. A. Titmts, late Prime Min ister of France, author of "the History of the Frenrh Revolution." Translated from the French by D. F. Campbell, with Notes and Additions by Henry W. Herbert. The work is designed to bo completed m III parts, at I'-'i rents each. Part sixth ia before us, making M" pagci. Harper's Illuminated and Illustrated Sua k kspk ark; Edited by Gulian C. Verplanck, L. L. D. ; funning about sixteen hundred pages royal octavo. This work is now completed, and would firm a rich ornament to any gentleman's library. "The GttKATicaT Pi aoi'E op Liir," Or the adventures of a Lady in search of a good servant. By one who has been almost worried to death." Illus trated by George Crmkaliatik. Part 1- Price fij. Valuable Mkdk al Books. Wo would call at tention to the advertisement of Ghioh, Em.iot V Co., Philadelphia, in another column to day, headed " Val uable Medical Books." These books are as necessary "in the formation of ft Physicians Library, as the Family Mild is to a Clergyman," which is certainly of the first importance. which ought lobe supplied. We have only to add, that the founders of this institution have set a noble example worthy of being followed ; and although they may fora time be censured by those who will not lako the trouble of investigating or reflecting upon the subject, their efforts cannot foil to secure the approbation of the humane and philanthropic who will visit the institution and become acquainted with its objects. J. L. TOltBEIiT, C. IIKYL, JOHN A. LA ELL, JOHN LANDES. Columbus April 2!, 1847. For the Oliio Stain Journal, The Tomb of Ilnrrison. Mr. EniTon In the Journal of lust week, you copied an article of " Shelbv's " which contains the right sort of matter, snd such as should be urged upon llie consideration of the citizens of this Union. I am happy to see the public again reminded of the obligations a christian people are under to perpetuate the memory of the patriotic, noble, and virtuous, who have devoted their time and talents for the general good, and have been ever ready to sacra lice health and life upon tho altar of their country. Such was the character of William IIk.nrv Harrison, I sincerely hope the suggestion made in 1H1 1 , to erect a monument at North Bend, may bo speedily carried intoeft'ect. That there should be that tribute of respect paid to one so worthy, all will atjree. And it would not take a great effort to raise sufficient funds for the consummation of that object. Now I hope something may be done in regard to this matter, and I would siiggent that there be a meeting called in your city, as you occupy a central position in Ohio, lor tho purposo of ascertaining the views of the people in relation to the above mentioned object. And if the thing cannot be done sooner, let the delegates to the talked uf Stale Convention, coiuo up prepared to give an expression of opinion, and take some action upon the matter for the furtherance of that noble undertaking. It is a thing which every Whig and every Democrat wou'd be. proud of; and a thing that every one would he glad to assist in erecting, and a trifle from every one would be sufficient, and small contributions would givo all a chance to participate in rearing a monument to the great and good. NIXON. For thu Ohio Statu Journal. CoLiiMBt'S Attn Lakp. Eiuk Railroad The commissioners of Knox county have subscribed $100,000 as stock for this Railroad. This subscription is supposed to place within reach of the company sufficient means to insure Ihe completion of (he rood from Newark to Mansfield, about f4 miles. The '-0 miles near-; est Newark is already advertised for letting, and Ihe remainder of the line is in the hands of the engineers, and in the course of preparation fur contract, at an early period. Mansfiklh, April 1H-I7. From the N. V, Commercial Advertiser of Saturday Afternoon. Lnte from .Mexico. Tho latest intelligence from the city of Mexico that we have seen is given in the Havana Dinrio de In Marina of tho illh inst., from which we translate the following : "On the Hist of Marrh wns published in Mexico the cnpitulatinn of Vera Crux. President Santa Anna issued an address to his countrymen in which among other Ihings, he says Mexicans, Vern Cruz is in the power of Ihe enemy. It has fallen, not lie lore the vnlor of the Americans or the influence of their rood fortune. Wo ourselves, lo our shame be it Haid, have brought this falal disgrace upon our arms by our interminable dissensions. 1 am resolved to go mid meet ihe enemy, Chance may decree that the proud American host slinll take Ihe capila of the Aztec empire; I ahnll n it behold that disnster, for I shall first lay dowii my life in the struggle. " Yet the mtioii slmli not pernli. I sivenr thai Mexico snail tri llion it my wiahea are seconded Ijy a sincere and unanimous effort. A thousand times forliunte for us will prove the disaster of Vera Crmt, if the fall of that ity snail awaken in the breasts of llio Mexicans the nihusiasm, the dignity iind generous ardor of a true patriotism. It will undoubtedly prove the salvation it the country. "On the '4i th of March were already assembled some troops at the Natiomil Bridge, under command of Gen. ia ega anil ul Hie liowrnor ot Hie State, Don Juan e Soto. Between the 7th and ItlUh Iwo brigades of n fan try and one of cavalry inarrhed from thu capital n the direction of the bridge, with their corresponding a tier ies, amounting in nil to two thousand men. On the 1st ot April, General Santa Anna in per- gon, would set nut from Mexico, with L'000 more, to rect the military operations in the State ot era Cruz, resolved, a he snvs, to dispute tho ground inch by inch, and die before he will consent to a peace his own words, as we hud them both in letters and in print- d documents, hnrollment of troops is going on at various points. The army of the North hag returned to San Luis t'otosi, where it remained at the date ol the latest uu- The Grand Lode of Freemasons in tho Dmtrict of Columbia, has been invited by the proper authorities to tay the co rue' stonu of the huiitlntoinnii Institute It is understood that Uie rresnleni ol ihe unileu States, as bend of the Corporation, or " establish ment" of the Smithsonian Institute, will unite in Uie I'reiuony of laving the corner stone; and the Vice resident of the United States, as chancellor of the nstittilion, is expected also to be present and deliver an address ou thu occasion. For ti e Ohio Stale Juiirnnl. Franklin county Poor House. The undersigned, havinir lately availed themselves of su opportunity of visiting the "Poor House" of this county, deem it due to sintering humanity, that they should publicly express the gratification afforded, them by the very decided improvements made in this institution, which is now admirably adapted to the wants of all its iiuuales, Hot only of those atllieted with bodily su tie ring, hut also of the insane. The arrangements tor the accommodation of the latter are ample, and bear honorable testimony to the humano feeiinira and enlt-rhtened views of the Commissioners and Directors. The undersigned had the pleuure of witnessing the happy rtteel whieh the treatment in this institution has produced upon a patient sent here from a neighboring state, at the instance of Miss Dix, sn well known throughout our whole country for her humane ctlrts to ameliorate the condition ot the sut ler in g tenants uf the various public institutions in the United States. 1 lie patient referred to, has been re stored to health, we cannot toroear here to suggest the propriety snd importance ef a change of name for these institutions. Why not call the in county Hospitals, or Infirmaries, or by some other name which will not constantly remind the unfortunate inmatn that he is the object of a kind of charity, to nearily akin in its ell'ects, to degradation f Surely, those who have themselves contributed to the support of these cry institutions, have some real claims upon their fellow citixens, when misfortune and sickness render Ihem unable longer In provide for their own wsnts Tho time has come when more enlarged and correct views should prevail upon this subject, and tho county asylums fur the unfortunate looked uhu in a different light. An etlictenl intelligent matron to take char ire of the orphan children in this institution, (of whom there are al present eiht.) seemed lo us a want seal island Honor to whom Honor Is due. Tilft Cincinnati (iatrtte says: Twenty years affo, Nathan Hale, Editor of the Boston Daily Advertiser, wrote a series of articles on railroads, showing their iiipenority to all other modes of travel, both lor freight ml passengers their importance in reviving the de-lining trade of that city and the certainly of their proving a safe investment for capitalist. For a year or two thu subject met with no lavor in any quarter. Il was considered sn visionary nnd ridiculous, Hint it was difficult for two persons to discuss it face to face, without (aliening. 1 lie Gazette need not have traveled all the way to Hoslon to find a man who had far seeing views of the railroad syslem, greatly in advance of his contemporaries. Earlier than the period named by the Ga-xette before our Stale canal system IimI been adopt- d that staunch old W lug, Col. James Kilbourue, ot Woithington, Franklin county, advocated, over his n roiier signature, in the Stole Journal, a railroad scheme ol improvements for Ihe Slate uf Ohio. How immensely ahead of her present advanced position .vould our State have been, had her public men pos-sessed the foresight to adopt, and Iho means to prosecute the suggestions of Col. K. Springfield Republic. Editing a Papkh. The National Intelligencer, in ineaking nf the manner in which editors have to work to render their paper a popular one, says, after slating the duties of the writing editor: lint what is the labor, tho toil, ol sueii a man, who ili up lava his leaded mailer." ever so largely, to that imposed on Ihe judicious, well-informed editor who exercises his vocation With an hourly consciousness of its responsibilities and its duties, and devotes himself to the conduct nl his paper with the same care and assiduity that a sensible lawyer bestows upon a suit, or a humane physician upon a patient, without regard to show or display ! Indeed, the mere writing part of editing paper is but ft small portion ot the work 1 lie care, tue tune employed m selecting is tar more important and the tact of a good editor is belter shown by his selections than by any thing else ; ami that, we all know, is half the battle. Hut as we have said, an editor ought to hu estimated and his labors) understood and appreciated, by tho general conduct f his piper, its tone, its uniform consistent course, its principles, its aim, its manliness, its dignity, its propriety. To preserve these as they should ho preserved, is enough to occupy full the time and attention of any man. If to this be added the general supervision ot the newspaper esiamisnmeni, wnicn most editors have to encounter, the wonder is, how they can find time or room "to write at all." Tiik Laihm' IsmATivr It is natural for ft woman to become inspired with a feeling of attachment as for a man. The only difference is, that her delica cya property, whieh I believe to be natural to her, not a mere result oi euucauon snrinxs irom a uronn, deliberate avowal of tho sentiment. Hut stm cannot wholly disguise or conceal it. H will then depend entirely on the man's penetration, nnd his seeing only a natural betrayal of her preference, whether hu is to lie alfected hy it, and moved to love her in return. We have all read in the divine Mantuan's eclogue " I love Phyllis before all, for she wept when I departed."How eternal snd invariable is human nature ! one of the men of Inuhesl rank and fortune in this country was first inspired with a regard for his amiable cm-sort by a tear which came into her eve on his departure from her father's mansion. During his whole residence, and to the moment of his leaving, there was no symptom of preference ; any such demonstrations towards a man, so obviously an object for matrimonii! speculations, would have only been disgusting. But tho denartcd return for something he had forgot the tear, ft natural tear, was there, and il had the effect of inspiring ft reflection which might otherwise nover have existed. Mexico The following description of the State and City of Mr.xico, is from a miniature volume recently publish-by Thomas Copperthwait & Co., Philadelphia, entitled " Description of the Republic of Mexico, including its physical and moral features, geography, agriculture, products, manufactures," &c. Mrxico. The state of Mexico, the most populous and important division of the Mexican republic, lies between Mechoacan and Puebla. It extends from Uie Pacific Ocean into thu interior, in a northwest direction, for n distance of 300 miles. Tho sea-coast ranges along the shores of the Pacific, from thu river Balsas to the Rio Naaca, 0 miles. A large portoin of the state is mountainous, on which is elevated the tablelands, forming the most valuable and best cultivated part of its territory. On these elevated plains, wheat, Indian corn, and the maguey plant, are extensively cultivated ; while in Ihe lower districts along the const, all the tropical productions of Mexico aru raised in abundance, '('lie latter portions of the state are less healthful and moro thinly peopled ttian tho uigner districts. This stale includes within its limits tho valley and city of Mexico. The latter is not within its political jurisdiction, but forms tho chief part of the Federal District. Talpan, the capital of the state, is a small town with GOOO inhabitants, nnd is about twelve miles from the city of Mexico. U has a mint, and is a favorite resort of tho wealthy Mexicans, Acapulco is tho port whence the rich Spanish galleons formerly took their departure for Manilla, to spread thu wealth of the western over the eastern hemisphere. It has a magnificent harbor, and seems to sartors to be tho very beau ideal of a seaport, being safe from all winds, with su trie ient water for ships of the largest size. The dis continuance of the galleon trade, and ttie unhealthi- ness ot the town, has reduced tiie population to less than 4000, chiefly negroes. Zimapan, Real del Monte, and Tasca, are noted for their rich silver mines. Cue rnavnea is interesting from Ihe curious monument called the fort of Xoclncalco, a hill 400 feet high, cut into terraces faced with uiasouary, the stones ot which are covered with hieroglyphics figures. Near Glum- ba is the small villuge ot luotihuucan, with its pyramids, ulrcady described. Fcur.RAL Distict. The Federal District is included within the boundaries of the state of Mexico ; it is, however, politically distinct from il, consisting uf the city of Mciico and a small portion of the immediate environs, and bearing the same relation lo the Mexican that the District of Columbia does to our own republic. The city of Mexico stands in the centre of thu valley of the aam name, a line and splendid region, variegated by lakes, and surrounded by some of tho lulticst volcanic peaks of the New World. The circumference of the vtill- y is about 1 7T miles: and it iurius ttie very centre of the great table-land ot Anahuac, elevated from (itiOO lo eilull feet above the sea. The largest of tho lakes is Tczcuco. Its waters are salt. On the north are the lakes of Han Christo-bul and Zumpango; and on the south are Xochomil-eo and Chale.o. These four are fresh water lakes. They are all elevated above laku Tczcuco, owing lo winch circumstance the city, in seasons of heavy rain, was formerly often inundated. Tho construction of s desague or canal to carry off the surplus water of lakes San Christobal and uiiipatieo, has, since prevented any very desolating flood. The desague is one of Ihe largest hydraulic works ever LXecuted. Were it filled with water, a fleet of first-ratomen-of-war might p.iss by it through the range uf mountains which bound the plain of Mexico. The original city of Mexico, or Tenochtitlan, was founded by the Mexicans in the early part of the 14th century, on a groupe of islands in lako Tczcuco. It was taken by Cortex in LV.il after a siege of ." days, during which it is said upwards of 100,000 Mexicans were slaughtered. The ancient city was destroyed, and the present one has risen out uf its ruins. It is built on the same site ; hut owing to the diminution of the waters of lake Tezcucn, ihe city is now two and a hull miles from its western bank. The city of Mexico was long considered Ihe largest in America; bill it is now surpassed by New York and Phihdelphia, and also by Rio Janeiro. The population has been by some estimated at liO0,hH) but it is believed not lo exceed 140,000. Mexico is considered one of tho finest cities built by Kuropenna in either hemisphere. There are verj few that will coin, pare with it in the regularity and breadth of the streets, and the extent of (lie sipiare and public places. The architecture is oftentimes in a go'id style; and there aie some edifices of a very handsome structure. The President's or Government PaUce, and the Cathedral, are both of ureal extent, each having a front of not less than uOu feet. The former is a common looking building, and has something of the appearance of a large cotton factory. It contains all the public offices, ai well as the halls uf the deputies in tin1 senate, together with the mint; only a annll portion of the buildiug being appropriated to the President's use. The Cathedral is a heterogeneous edifice, one part of the front being of bad Gothic architecture, snd the other in Ihe Italian style. The interior is oriiameut-ed in a rich and gorgeous manner, with pictures, painted statues, and with ornaments so innumerable, in gold snd silver and precious stones, that it seems ss if the wealth of empires was collected there. The Present's palace and the cathedral both front on the Plaza Mayor or Great Square, one of the finest to bo seen in any metropolis. Its north side is formed by ttie palace, and its east side by the cathedral and seg-rario or parish church ; vt bile on the oilier sides are handsome rows of shops and private uweinngs. The church services arc celebrated in the cathedral with great magnificence ; not even in Rome he rue if is greater attention paid to the minulin of religious ob servances, i here are ml or Hi outer churches, an sumptuously adorned in the interior. There are also numerous religious houses, two of which, viz : thu Franciscan and Dominican convents, sre extensive and wealthy establishments. The new theatre, finished in lr4:l, is said to be one of the finest in the world. It will hold frmu H,0(i0 to 10,000 persons. Some of the boxes rent Inon Ml0 to IltltKI per niinuui. On the western border of the city is the Alameda, an elegant public square of 40 acres, planted with poplars, and intersected with numerous walks. In the centre is a beautiful jet d'enu. Near ihe Alimedi is the t'aseo Ihe fashionable ride. It is a broad road, a mile wide, Here, in the evening, every one repairs, A thousand carriages and five thousand horsemen may be seen at once. The markets are well supplied with animal and vegetable productions, brought by crowds o canoes from lakes t'halco and Xochimilco, and the canal leading from them to the city. These canoes are often guided by females, who, al the same lime, sre weaving cotton in their simple portable looms, or plucking fowls and throwing the feathers into the water. Most of the flowers and roots have been raised in ehiuampas or floating gardens. These consisted originally ef wood en rafts, covered with earth, and floated about in tho lake whence their name is derived. At present they are mostly stationary. A few it is believed, aru slill to be found in lake Xochimilco. T'-e inhabitants of the city of Mexico number, as heforn stated, about 140,000, of whom nearly one-half are Creoles, or descendants of Spaniards, a fourth are copper-colored natives, and a tilth inetixoes ; thu remainder consists of mulattot's and Europeans, the latter probably not amounting to more than fttioO. Many of the nobles and successful sieculators in mining were very rich; but their number, since tho revolution, has declined. Still thrre are many wealthy iudiviilunls in Mexico. The lower orders sre fil thy, despise labor uf every kind, and are constantly seen lying it) the churcli-porchea and loitering about the markets. In many respects they bear a nlnkmg resemblance to the laxaroni of Naples; but the latter are nol stained with the crime of assussinalion, for which the lepervs of Mexico arc so notorious. There is here also a general ormr of the faculties, and the dolce far nitntt seems to bu Iho sutnmum honum of all classes. The dress of the men nf the higher orders closely resembles that of the European Spaniards, the large cloak being as common hero as in Spam. The costume of the ladies is universally black, with tho veil antl mantilla; but on holidays and public occasions their dresses are remarkable, as well fur gayuess of colors as lor expensiveness of material. Indeed, when in their carriages no the Pasco, they contrast somewhat strangely with the same persons when seen at home in complete dishabille, without Blockings, squat ting on tho floor, and either pursuing their favorite amusement of cigar smoking, or eaimg rakes and capsicum out of the dirty earthenwaro basins of thu country. The ladies seldom go out during the day ; but after sunset young and old come forth from their hiding-places, and the Alameda and Pasco swarm with tho damas and signontaa of the city, chatting and smokinir with their gallants. Many gentlemen be-lon?inir to the higher classes are intelligent, and a few even fond of literature ; but the city is so badly supplied with libraries and other means f atudy, as lo give little encouragement to such pursuits. SlONIVICATIOS Of M Kilt AN N A N ICS, Almost PVP. ry name given to a town or other locality in Mexico is in honor of some saint or hero, or denotes some peculiarity of the places, thus i Brazos Santiago or St. Ja-go arms of St. James; Vera Crux true cross ; Sal-tillo a leap; Monterey mountain king; Agna Nue-va new water; Corpus Chrisli (latin) body of Christ; La Vacca tho cow j Neueces nuts ; Lolma wolf Seals are called sea wolves by the Spaniards, and hence the name of the Island signifies more properly LAwnti. Rr.vKnnr Many years since a gentlemen in Newington,a parish of WcalherahYld, Connecticut, who was a very religious and conscienlioiia man, married ono of tho most ill-natured and troublesome wi. men he c uld find in the vicinity. This occasioned universal surprise wherever he was known, and one of his neighbors vrniurcd to ask him the reasons which had governed his choice. He replied that, hav ing had but little trouble in thu world, he was fearful of becoming too much attached to things of tune and sense, and thought, by exierieiiciiig some stllietmns, he should become more weaned from the world, and he married such a woman as he thought would accomplish his object. The best part of the story is, that his wife, hearing the reason why he married her, was much offended, and nut of revenge became one of the most pleasant and dutiful wives in the town, declaring that she was not going to be a pack-horse to carry her husband lo heaven. The Negotiations with Mexico The paper from which the following is copied not being opposed, as we are, to the origin and objects of the Mexican war, we suppose we run no danger of apprenension lor treason in copying it tor tue information of our readers, and especially of those gentle men who compose the Administration o una country, the government editor included. JVat. int. From the New Orleans Delta of April 13. Tub Atocha and Yucatan Foi.mks, A commission of lunacy should be taken out against our Executive whenever it undertakes to enter into negoti-stions with the Mexican Government or any of its States or people. The facility with which the innocent old gentlemen in Washington are led by the nose by Mexican negotiators in really alarming. The first great folly of treating with Santa Anna and letting him return to Mexico to organize the Mexican army for a more effective resistance to our arms, has been followed by several minor follies; all, however, detrimental to tho interests and discreditable to the sagacity and dignity of our Government. Not to allude to other blundering etnbaasis and overtures made by our Executive, we come down to the folly of picking up a renegade Mexican or South American in the streets of New York, and investing him with the high digni ty anu responsibility oi an American plenipotentiary. Senor Atocha is well known here, and his sudden el-' ovation is regarded by his old acquaintances as utter ly incredible. 1 hat an humble member of the night-watch of the First Municipality should suddenly, ', without any previour exhibitions of superior talent ! and character, rise to the lofty dignity of embodying, as a representative to a foreign nation, the power and grandeur of the United States, with the right lo dispose of fifteen millions of dollars and to negotiate a treaty and terminate a war between two great Repub-1 lies, is ine mosi encouraging example ol sudden rise which our history, abounding as it does in similar proofs of the elevating tendency of our institutions, has yet afforded. But it is not in this view that Ato- cha's mission excites in this city and elsewhere such unbounded astonishment and mortification. Had Mr. Uuclianan. to whom we attribute this niece of unpar alleled verdancy, desired to select out of our twenty millions ot people, a messenger to the Mexican Republic, whose character, position, snd past relations would excite in the minds of the whole Mexican people and of their iroverniiient the profoundest contempt and indignation, he could not have done better than he dd in selecting Henor Atocha. A long residence in Mexico, a profitable toadism to San la Ann, whose money-bag he carried to the cockpit frequented by his Excellency, an extensive shaving and pawubrokerage in a small way, in addition to petty intrigues, all terminating in rendering him so obnoxious to the Mexi cans as to suggest the expediency of his leaving tho country, are the qualifications of tho individual selected by our Government to bear the olive branch to the Mexican Guverniuent. On what ground this choice was made, we are at a loss to discover. It certainly could not have been made because of any scarcity of capable men among tho thousands of our citizens wno am always ready to nil with honor any public ottice. The complete failure of this mission, and the si most unrestrained indignation and contempt exhibited by the Mexicans towards Senor Atocha, suthciently demonstrate the weakness and fully of Lilts appointment. Illunder number two Is fully equal lo number ono. The reception of Oon Jose Robira, by our Govern ment, as the accredited agent and representative of ine sot a i sum independent Male ol xucalan, and ttie release of prixes taken by our navy, on the ground thai they belonged to the citixens of that Stale, ia one of Ihe most incomprehensible and iliexeusuhle follies ever committed by any Government. The whole affair was a most ludicrous farce, in which I'nrle Sain is made to act the character of booby to a half dozen tricksters and jugglers. Anxious to continue their proliiable business with the United States, especially at this time, when all the other Mexican ports were closed, the cunning Yucatecos gut up a pretended pronunciumfnto, declaring their separation fimii the Mexican Republic, and their determination to do bus iness on their own hook. Such appeared to be the character of the revolution in the papers ; whether it had any other or a real existance, we have never yet learned. 1 he object ol this revolution was very en-dent: they wished to preserve their commerce with this port, ami to save their vessels from our squadron. J Don Jose Robira was selected to carry out this intrigue and hoodwink the wise heads at Wushington. Accordingly, he came on here, grit letters for Washington, and received the imprimatur of the State of Lomsima, by being invited to sit nn the right hand of Ihe Speaker, or in some other elevated position ft most gratuitous, unusual, and foolish concession, i His success in the capital exceeded his expectations, The independence of Yucatan is recognised ; the ships seized by our fleet and under cuslody of law, are released ; Don Jose Robira is acknowledged as a Minis-, ter, and, what is of more advantage lo him, receives passports for Yucatan vessels, goes lo New York, ships several valuable cargoes for Campeachy and Merida, which will, of course, be permitted to pass through our squadron, and, when they are safe out nf New York, the news arrives that it is all humhu?; that Yucatan is still a portion of the Republic of Mexico, devoted lo the cause nf Santa Anna, and contributing her quota to the continuance of the war with the United States. Thus is our Government made to afford aid and comfort lo the enemy; and, what is scarcely less mortifying, to give them just grounds for exultation over our annplicily and credulity. We have a suspit:iun that this whole intrigue originated in New Orleans, and that the chief means of carrying it out were concocted here. A very little ssiracily or prudence would, however, have protected Iho Government from this gull-trap. There was an obvious impropriety in our Government recognising a State upon so small ft show of independence, and after so sudden, uncertain, and undefined revolution as that winch Robira represented. There should bo some permanency ; something fixed, settled, sud definite about a Government before its independence and Reparation from the mother State ia recognised by any outer nation, especially hyoneat war with Iho mother Government, from which the Slate claiminir its inde pendence has revolted. Ther were no such characteristics in the pretended revolution of Yucatan, and the recognition ttf tu independence by our Government was prematuro and unwise. The One Man Power, .tsj Etract from a Pamphirt entitled The Twenty-ninth Congress; its Men and Measures." It is hard to realixe, from readinir tho Constitution of the country, how one man, though occupying the ihi;h intu c ui rrsiueui oi ine unueu ciiutes, can assume to the extent practised, powers not warranted by the Constitution, or successfully abuse powers, to the amo extent, when conferred by the Constitution. Hut in this, aa in other things, where there is ft wilt therp is a way. The Executive, over and over sgam, refuses to approve ol laws sanctioned by nearly all ins pn-oecpssors. a mil ior mo improvement oi me inland navigation of the counlry; lor removing ob structions from rivers and harbors, whereby the fruit of agriculture and trade may be more securely trans-transmitted from the interior States to tho Ocean, and Ihe lives of passengers made secure from dangers worse than those of thu great deep, ia wantonly vetoed at one session nf Congress, and at the next, with appropriations much reduced, and the bill, if possible. irameu to avoid every objection ol the 1-jXeculivc, is quietly put into the President's breeches pocket. It ir legal, in ine i resident s estimation to remove obstructions from the Rio Grande, and lo make roads in Mexico without an act of Congress; but all this is monstrous, when tho Ohio, Missouri, Mississippi, and the great lakes, are the places of these improvements. It is legal lo expend one hundred millions of dollars in prosecuting war of conquest, and which threatens disunion in the end, snd yet it is unconstitutional to givo a dollar for removing a rock from thu lakes, or a snag from a river. This veto war upon the life and in. terestsof the western Hnple,and againsl the judgment of Congress twice expressed, is an act so bold snd so reckless ol lite, property, public sentiment, and ttie common good, that it ought to arouse the indignation of the whole counlry. We propose not lo argue the question of power Willi the President; we say, however, that Iho veto of a private claim, like that for the payment of spoliations committed uion American commerce hy the French, or ul a bill for cleaniiir out danircmtia obstructions from great public highways u-auing io the ocean, or lo foreign ports, or from ono Slate to another, is a monstrous usurpation of power. A wiser discretion unquestionably then should be in making appropriations, and the representatives of the people are to be trusted upon such a subject as this. If Ihe power is not with Congress, it ia nowhere. The States would nol improve rivers and harbors, if they could, and could not if they vould. The Constitution useii lorinda ft compact, agreement, or alliance be tween two or more States, without the consent nf Congress, and such an alliance would be necessiry for the completion ol any public work. 1 he sue tit of Congress may be given, has been given, was given at the last session o I. on press, to ft Mute company who have power to improve the navigation of the James river, I and to impose a lax upon vessels passing nn the river. The Government itself is a stockholder, and ft great beneficiary from the profits derived from stock held in the Portland and Louisville canal ; and all this Govern ment authority and association proves tho power of Congress over the subject. Hut it is morally sud physically impossible for the Stales to make harboti, construct breakwaters, and clear out channels. It is not their business 'Jon jt rest." (nol the States,) says the Constitution, shall hare potrcr to regulate torn, merce with forttftt nations an it amomi tiik skvfrai. Statm, and with the Indiun tribes." Here is the pow er, and the destinctiun between foreign commerue is as cruel to the interior States as it is unjust to the whole Union. Rivers and harbors, indeed, are for the benefit of the whole Union, and Ihe commerce of the Union, in one way or another, shares in every great public commercial improvement. The President approves a bill cstshlishuig liifht-houses, showing the way to a harbor on the lake, but nn obstruction whieh prevents the safe entrance lo a harbor, according to in uieory, cannot be removed! uen. jacason, iha mentor of Mr. Polk, could approve of such measures as these, and did approve them, including thirty-three of Ihe forty.nine objects embraced in the vetoed bills of the last Congress, and the remainder were for harbors connected with the external trade of the counlry ; but our ' Young Hickory" can find no authority in the Constitution for this, though ample powers for bringing on a foreign war by his simple word of com. mand. Mr. Van fiuren, too, could do this, but not the head of this economical nnd conscientious Administration ! He could go so far as to " invite the attention of Congress to the suggestion and recommendations of the Secretary of War in relation to the prominent objects of national interest." but when Congress heeded these recommendations and suggestions, and passed a bill to establish harbors where there are none, then the veto power is interposed between the act done and his own suggestions ! Look to ihe first annual message of Mr. Polk, and you will find the express attention of Congress recommended to the following ftom the Secretary of War : "The lakes are almost entirely destitute of natural harbors. Navigation upon them was exposed to imminent perils, nnd not uufretiueutlv attended with frightful loss of life and property. With the settle ment and growth of the western country, tho com merce upon these inland sens has rauidlv increased. and its estimated annual amount now exceeds in value the entire exports, of the nroducls and manufactures of the United States to all foreign countries. An interest of this magnitude, daily augmenting, in which so many States, and so large a portion of our citizens participated, naturally commanded the attention ot Congress, and properly received its fostering care. Should it ever become necessary to have a naval force upon these lakes, the numerous and commodious haibors thus provided by the aid of the government, will contribute In its safety and success- nn operations, jiesmes, there are now empioyeo in the commerce of these lakes a great number of largo sized and stoutly built steamers, which would not have been placed there by individual enterprise, but for the safety arid accomodation afforded bv these har bors. In case of a public emergency, these steamers can be expeditiously converted into effective vessels of war, and rendered subservient lo military opera-lions. Nor are the economy nnd facility of transporting troops, munitions of war and supplies, to be overlooked in estimating the public advantages of Iho lake improvements. It is also snid that our best sea men are those who have been trained m the navigation of our lakes. Reasons like these avail nothing with the President, nor his friends in Congress. The bills passed are vetoed, or, what is worse, pocketed, and under the influence of Ihe veto, and the attractive rewards of office from the Executive, the judgment of Congress is pcrvcrieu anu uesiroyed, and the people made to sul- fer. The loss of lives upon the lakes have not only been fearful, but tho loss in vessels and cargoes upon the western lakes and rivers are probably not less than jty.700,000 per annum. Insurance is high in proportion as the risks are dangerous, and when it is known that ttie loss in hoots have been for several years eight per cent, upon the value, some estimate may be formed of the premiums necessarily paid. From the National Intelligencer. The following letter, as the reader will at once perceive, ia from the anme gentleman f rom whose pen we published two tetters during the late winter, with the initial signature T," and who has added lo the obligation conferred upon us in making this paper the medium of his communications to tho public, by giving the sanction of his proper name to the letter before us. Having occupied for several years, with advantage to himself and credit to his country, the arduous and responsible position of Minister of Ihe United States to Mexico, uu possesses such knowledge and information of ttie character and qualities of that country and its people as quality hun, aud almost required uf him in the present conjuncture, to spread his views before his fellow citizens ; Giikcsvillk, April 8, 1847, GrwTi.r.MKti : In the articles w hich were published in your paper I only designed to point out some of the ditliculties which would be presented in a further prosecution of a war of invasion, and in the conclusion very briefly suggested what 1 regarded as the only plan of conducting the war with any hojw of favorable results the occupation by a line of military posts of such porlions of the Mexican territory as tl ia our purpose to retain. 1 then thuught and still think, that every cons idem I ion of policy, uf honor, and of honesty, would restrict this line to the Hio Grande. I do not believe that out of our own country an impartial tribunal could be orgamied in tho civilized world which would not instantly reject our claim uf title to the country between ttie Nueces aud the Hio Grande, snd, therefore, 1 would not even take that, but certainly no rood of laud beyond it. There are other considerations which would induce me to reject any furttier acquisition of territory, even if it was tendered to us ; snd that is, that slavery will never exist in any Slates beyond Uie Rio Grande, whether restrict ed or not by Congressional legislation. Slavery is forever prohibited there by laws more fixed and un changeable than legislative enactments, for they may oe n-peaicd ; slavery there will bu worse thanunprofitable. I have never suggested, and do not approve of, the expedition lo Vera Crux with the view of collecting duties there after it is in our possession. The coat of Ihe expedition and of keeping up a sufficient garrison win oe twenty times as much ss the amount received from duties ; to say nothing of the enormous waste of human life. When 1 learned that the collection of duties at Vera Crux was a favorite plan of the Administration, I suggested to you and lo more than one member of the Cabinet, other modes of accomplishing the same object which I thought were preferable. 1- irsl. that by whxh Gen. Jackson checkmated South Carolina nullification : the establishment of a floating customhouse. Two men-of-war in front of Vera Crux would be all sufficient for this purpose. If we have the right to blockade wo have the right to relax that blockade provider! tho conditions enforced operate equally on 11 nations. Such a measure would nol be objected lo by any nation, for it would be favorable to the commerce ol all. Secondly, by ihe establishment nf custom-houses at Tampico and Matamoras, and the blockade of the other porta on the Gulf. The distance from Tampico lo Mexico is the same aa lint Irom Vera Crux to Mex ico, and Tampico is much nearer to all the wealthy internal departments where foreign merchandise is consumed. Shutting up Vera Crux by blockade will throw iis commerce into Tampico, as damming up one branch of a creek throws all ttie water into the other channel. We had possession of Tampico, and it is ft much more healty aud eligible position. I do not think llml any considerable amount will be realized by this measure. One thmgia altogether certain, that merchandise landed at Vera Crux will nut pass into the interior to any considerable extent, without the connivance of the Government nf Mexico.- There is but one road from Vera Crux to the city of Mexico, and, for much the larger part of the route, no other practicable passway, I ho road is cut through and over lofty and rugged mountains. The rough snd often precipitous ground on both sides, covered with ihe countless varieties of the prickly pear, is literally impassible. There are military stations all along the route, and Iwo largo cities, and many small towns to psss through. One of these, Puebla, where it may almost be said that all the manufactories of Mexico are concentrated. It is to be expected that merchandise can be transported on this route without being seised aud forfeited. If this be true, how rediculous-ly absurd is the idea which has been suggested of imposing duties on Ihe sixty articles the importation uf which has alwnya been prohibited by the Mexican tariff: to suppose that Ihey will relax their prohibitory system lor us, when no exigency of their own has cv-T induced them lo do it i If tho Government of Mexico sanctions the reception of goods upon which we have received duties, il should admonish us to lies-itale lo adopt ft measure so sgreesble to them. Mex-ico would only do this from pressing and absolute necessity. If such a necessity should exist, we would certainly derive moiv bene 111 from it in coercing a piece Irom the smsll amount received from duties would be worth to us. The comparative low rate of duties winch il is proposed to charge would leave foreign merchandise subject to another Mexican tariff of equal or even greater amount, and the aggregate of the two would be still a lower tariff than Ihe Mexicans are accustomed to, They would derive as much money from the measure as we should, and ono dollar to them is as much as trn lo us. 1 have little doubt that this will turn out another ono of those blunders of which the Adunnisirslion has msde so many resulting as 1 believe, from the want of accurate information aa to the character of Ihe Mexican people, the situation and circumstances of the country, and a reliance for this information uon persona in every way unworthy of confidence. My object in writing lo you was principally to correct the misapprehension that I had advised tins expedition to Vera Crux Allow me to say a word on another branch of Ihe subject. Every body is tired of this wsr, and anxious for peace; not so inurh for ft treaty of peace as lor actual peace ; not a treaty of ence and actus) war, but actual rteacc. with or without a treaty. The plnu which 1 have heretofore suggested (and 1 only claim the credit of being Iho first lo indicate it) will, beyond all doubt, give us this peace. What arc the evils of war? Carnage, expenditure ol money, and the deprivation of Mexican commerce. With a line of posts trarns- oued with fifteeen or twenty thousand men, (and our regular army numbers ii.VHH),) does any one man alive suppose that Mexico will ever assail that line? The last rally has been a spasmodic etl.irl, produced by the invasion of their country as Ihe nmai timid bird will defend ila nest; but it would be nothing lesslhan impossible lo raise and march ft Mexican army of fifty thousand men to Ihe Hio Grnude. There will then bu no moro fighting, no more bloodshed, no more expense, as our regular army vrll man Iho posts, and thai army must be supported somewhere, and we have no use for it any where else. Then ss to the third and last : deprivation of Mexican commerce. What has been the amount of commerce for the last twelve years? Not an annual average of one million of dollars. A fair merchantile prorif on that of ten per cent, would be 1 00,000. That is the most that we should lose. Rut will we lose that? With a line of frontier of five hundred miles, dots any one doubt that ten times tho n mount of merchandize would be carried on across that line as by regular importation, aud by the very eamo process by which it if proposed to introduce it by way of Vera Cruz ? It is thus iu our power at once to put an end to this most unnecessary and deplorable war, and every consideration which should have influence upon honorable men demands that we should do so. The national honor nover required Ihe war. The honor of this country require a war with Mexico I No view of national interest justifies its further prosecution opon ft feeble, vanquished, but gallant enemy. Glor ous as have been and always wifl be the achievements of our arms, tho shout of victory is not unaccompanied willi the sobbings of grief and the agony of many ft strick en and broken heart. Who that has ft heart does not feel it beat in deep sympathy with the illustrious patriot of Ashland for thu loss of his gallant and heroic son ? Terrible is the responsibility of thoso who have it in their power lo stop the further effusion of blood and who do it not. 1 will not say that they incur all Iho moral guilt of murder, but I solemnly declare that, in like circumstances myself, 1 should feel that I did. Very truly, your mend, Ac, WAODY THOMPSON. ODE. Sung at the celebration of the Mirth-Day of Hr.Nnv Ci.av, tn the city of iVto York, April 12, lull. Bv Miss E. R, BtAnusLKT, Late of Columbus. Ring out the joyous sounds anew, repeat them o'r again, All hen r Is will gladly echo back, th music of the strum, White pleasure beams in every eye, bright smiles round each lip play, We'll pledge ourselves to him and sing, " long live our gallant Cl.AV." We hail him true, and firm, and wiso, and on the rock of famo, la shining characters inscribed, behold his much loved name) . tl No sighs and tears bedim its licht, but each heart lends a ny Of love, lo shed a halo round Uie name of llt.NRT Clay, Well may America be proud to hail him as her son. No other I i if lit e'er shone as bright, save that of Washington, We ne'er shall know of one more great, whan he has passed away, Tho' many strive, they'll strive in vain, to equal Hr.NHY Cl.AV. s His besrt is with th' oppressed and oil has throb'd with struggling Greece ( He's Freedom's friend, and loves the smile of gentle soft- eyeo peace. But let a fen insulting come, to bear ourriehts awav And he's lh champion of our cause, the Tearless IIcnrv Cl.AV. Then let tho peoplo of this land, with joy repeat the lone. That be. the noble, great and good, we proudly call our oirti r ' i no nags uial at our mast-heads host,' in tnu' jph seem to sav. The stars mid stripes grow brighter still, ad joied by Hf.khy i. lay. He's numlicrcd thrre score years and ten, and grief, which none imiy slum, Bows down his whitened head this day, la anguish for bis son, Who fell upon the field of fame, from home far, far away A nation mourns his loss with thee, oh stricken Hfc.iitY Clay. Ring out the joyous sounds anew repeat them o'er again Atl hearts will gladly echo back the music of the strain t While plnnfture beams in every eye, bright smiles round curb lip play, We'll pledge ourselves to him again'' long live our gallant v-l.AY. Ran In Annn's Report of (he late Baltic The lenirih of Una document precludes its publica tion in the Tribune. The defeated General does his best to cypher out victory for himself at tiuena Vis ta, but it s a desperate job, which he had better not have undertaken. He gives a sad picture of the pri valions of his army, which consisted of 13,4 S3 in. fantry, 4,&tri cavalry, and 413 artillerymen in all 18,. in,i men. lie slates that he compromitled his own private fortune and the credit of himself and friends tn the amount of $IH0,0OO, in order to obtain supplies for twelve days, fie lost 1000 men by sickness and desertion before the battle. Many of the soldiers had been taken from their homes by violence. All his plsns appear to have been defeated by thewell-planned movements of General Taylor, who received information of his (Santa Anna's) position through a de- sciier. ins i ssi. enuri pn ine .mj ne Mimas WOUId have been entirely successful if General Minon had done his part by attacking Genoral Taylor in the rear. Minon is lo lie court-martialed lor failing to perform his duty. The Mexican loss in killed and wounded is estimated at more than 1,500 men: while that of the American army is represented ss much greater.' as to ine enect wnicn me Dame is to have in preparing the way for an early peace, Santa Anna says : From the impression we had made on the enemy, lie did not appear before us for three days. The bearer of flag of truce, however, arrived with ft proposi tion from Gen. Taylor, for an exchange of prisoners. and for our sending for Ihe wounded who had remained on the field, lie also expressed to me the desiro Inch Ihe Americans felt for the re-establishment of peace. 1 replied, ia order that he might say the same to his General, that we sustained Ihe most sacred of causes the defence of our territory and the preservation of our nationality and rights ; that we were not the aggressors, and that our government had never offended that of the United Stales. 1 observed that wo could say nothing of peace while the Americans were on tins side of the Ilravo, or occupied any part of tho Mexican territory or blockaded our ports ; anil thai we have resolved to perish or vindicate our rights; that fortune might not be always favorable lo the enemy, and their experience of the tM and !td should convince them that it could change. 1 added, (hat tho Americans waged against us a war of vandalism, whose excesses outraged those sentiments of humanity which one civilized nation ought to evinee toward another ; and that if he would go outside of Uie apart ment ne wouiu see sun smoaing (wnicn was the tact,) ttie dwellings of Agua Nueva, recently ft flourishing, though ft small settlement ; that the same vestiges of desolation marked (lie mute of his retreat; and that if lie would go a hlile further on, to Catane, he would hear the moans of widows snd orphans of innocent . victims who had been sacrificed without necessity. With respect lo the wounded whom 1 was invited to send for, I replied that there could be none save ttiose who had been too much hurt to arise from the field, or those most in the advance, who had remained in the ravines . and that as 1 had no means for their conveyance the enemy might take them to tialtillo, under the protection of the laws of nations. As for the prisoners which he offered lo exchange, I told him I knew not who it could be, unless it were some of our dispersed troops, or some who, from the fatigue of the two previous days, had remained asleep when we moved. In answer to the courtesy the enemy 'a General had shown, with respect to our wounded, I consented in the name nf the nation, to release all the prisoners we had those taken both in Uie battle and at Encar-nacion. At the same time I allowed the bearer of the flag, who was a superior officer, of prepossessing appearance and manners, to take the bandage from his eyes, and informed him that, it was for him personally that the honor of this concession was meant. 1 did it also, that he might see our camp and our troops. Tim Evacuation or Vm Cnux, A lata letter of Mr. Kendall to the I'tcayune says: " I have slid but little about the evscualion of this place by Ihe Mexicans, on the UiHh ultimo, because 1 have had little time, it reminded me more of Ihe departure of ihe Israelites than aught else 1 can compare it to; the long procession of soldiers, national militia, and people of all classes and sexes, as they poured oul of Iho walls of ft city setoff aa this is with huge antique-looking dooms and other architectural ornaments. Asat Monterey, there was thesamo throng of camp-women, carrying every conceivable implement of ornament end use, especially of the former, to say nothing of innumerable parrots, poodle dogs, and other absurdities of a kindred nature. Jlis a singular fact that the poorer Ihe people in everv country the greater number of dogs they must havo about Ihem ; but in no nation does the half-starved population alfecl the animal lo the same extent as this. 11 The weather continues hot insupportnbly hot in the middle of the day ; but all my inquiries would in duce me lu iH-lrive that as yel there is little sickness among the troop. The report that the dreaded rvtnito had broken out was certainly premature. All Ihink, however, that the sickness must appear in the course of ft week or two, but probably not unlit Gen. tieoit has moved onward with the main portion of the army. If all Santa Anna's cattle are brought in, or only a portion of hia immense herds, il will accelerate movements greatly." A moth Kit I'norosmos to Maxito. The Wash ington correspondent of the Baltimore Hun in his letter of Monday says : It is now known that ft messenger or peace was lespatrhed to Mexico by this government on Kstur-tay. Thu offer has been staled by some, to he morn favorable and more likely to be acceptable lu Mexico th in any previous overture. However thai may be, I can siaie, with ihe most entire confidence, that the President has solemnly de. lermined never lo relinquish lo Mexico one inch of that soil which has oeeit proiuseiy watered hy American blood, and conseeraled by American valor. Tho bloody battle fields of Monterey and Buena Vista are never again to know Mexican domination. Ho no go down to twenty degrees, thirty minutes, any how.