No stone was left unturned by the damning report outlining systematic and state-sponsored doping in Russian athletics. But if the revelations really are only the “tip of the iceberg”, the murky details beneath the surface must spread far and wide.

Dick Pound, the former president of the World Anti-Doping Agency who led the independent commission, suggested Monday’s revelations only scratched the surface of worldwide doping in sport. His report has outlined one of the biggest scandals in the history of athletics but also hinted that deeper problems have yet to emerge.

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Not only did the commission redact its thorough examination of the IAAF’s role – due to the criminal investigation in France concerning the former president, Lamine Diack, and other senior officials – but it only alluded to wider infractions outside of Russian athletics because such issues were not in the commission’s remit.

According to the 325-page document, Russian sport in its entirety risks being implicated in the doping crisis, as well as other nations dogged by similar accusations, notably Turkey and Kenya. It should also raise serious questions regarding the legitimacy of Russia’s medal haul at the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, as well as their results at the 2012 summer Games.

“The IC [independent commission] wants to make it clear that Russia is not the only country with an ineffective anti-doping programme and that athletics is not the only sport with an ineffective anti-doping programme,” reads the Wada report, which took 11 months to compile after the German broadcaster ARD first made the allegations in December 2014.

“Although the IC report and recommendations are confined to Russia and athletics, the IC wishes to make it clear that, in its considered view, Russia is not the only country, nor athletics the only sport, facing the problem of orchestrated doping in sport.”

At Sochi, Russia won 33 medals including 13 golds, compared to three golds and 15 medals in total at the Vancouver Winter Olympics four years earlier. According to the report, a security presence at the Sochi laboratory during the 2014 Games actively imposed an atmosphere of intimidation on the lab process and staff.

Of the controversial lab in Moscow – which on Tuesday had its accreditation revoked – the report states that “despite the substandard performance of the laboratory, there was a distinct desire not to revoke the accreditation of the laboratory prior to the Sochi Olympics”. It added: “Its impartiality, judgment and integrity were compromised by the surveillance of the FSB [federal security service] within the laboratory during the Sochi Winter Olympic Games.”

Who’s who in athletics doping crisis

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If other countries are dragged into the mire with Russia, the scale of cheating, cover-ups and illegitimate medals could reach a breathtaking level. Alarm bells will already be ringing while the sporting world waits for a second Wada-approved report to be published this year.

The second report could open the wound even wider. It focuses on the IAAF blood test database, details of which were published by ARD and the Sunday Times and contained more than 12,000 samples from 5,000 athletes between 2001 to 2012. That data revealed a third of endurance medals won at Olympics during the period, including 55 golds, were secured by athletes who had recorded suspicious blood scores. The investigation was not focused on Russia and the reports described Kenya as a doping hotbed while depicting the issue as a major worldwide problem.

Kenya has long been blighted by doping accusations. In August, two runners became the latest athletes from the east African nation to be suspended after testing positive at this year’s world championships, and Pound said: “Kenya has a real problem and have been very slow to acknowledge it. It’s probably the tip of the iceberg. Russia is not the only country and athletics is not the only sport with a doping problem.”

Then there is Turkey, also mentioned in the report. Its middle-distance runner Asli Cakir-Alptekin was stripped of her 1500m gold won at London 2012 in August this year and the commission says her file merits further investigation by Wada.