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Drawn to Art: French Artists and Art Lovers in 18th Century Rome

Ottawa, Ontario - October 19, 2011

At the National Gallery of Canada

From October 21, 2011 to January 2, 2012

Since the Renaissance, Rome has attracted generations of painters and sculptors. Eighteenth–century Rome was a main crossroads for the European community and a major source of cultural influences. It was a favoured destination, not only for French artists, but for art lovers and connoisseurs. Until 2 January 2012, the National Gallery of Canada, in collaboration with France's Musée des beaux-arts de Caen, presents Drawn to Art: French Artists and Art Lovers in 18th Century Rome. This exhibition will allow visitors to discover the Eternal City's influence on the work of French artists during a period in which artists, patrons, politicians and other members of the elite lived at close quarters, united in their love of art.

"Rome has always been a special place for artists from all over the world, and the artists of 18th century France were no exception," said NGC director Marc Mayer. "The cultural hub of Europe, the Eternal City gave early impetus to the careers of a number of celebrated French artists such as Hubert Robert, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, and Jacques-Louis David, who brought back from their sojourns indelible images whose power still operates today. We’re pleased to announce that this exhibition will also be seen at the Musée des beaux-arts de Caen, a major partner in the enterprise and whose collection includes some fine examples of this period."

Drawn to Art brings together some 134 works – drawings, prints and paintings – divided into five themes: Academic Training, Art Lovers, Patrons and Artists, The Landscape of Rome and its Surroundings, Rediscovering Antiquity, and Celebrations and Festivities. Many of these exceptional works, which come from leading North American and European institutions, have never been shown in North America. The exhibition includes 25 works from the NGC collection as well, including twenty or so outstanding works by Hubert Robert, Jean-Honoré Fragonard and Joseph Vernet. For more information, visit the exhibition website at www.gallery.ca/drawntoart.

Special care for fragile objects The exhibition also includes many rare albums, which are shown in vitrines due to their fragility. Thanks to HP Canada's TouchSmart technology, visitors can "flip through" electronic versions of five of these albums on a multi-touch screen, including an album of drawings by Joseph-Marie Vien, a collection of engravings by Jean Barbault (Les plus beaux monuments de Rome ancienne,1761), and Recueil d’antiquités égyptiennes, étrusques, grecques et romaines (1752-1767), a collection of prints grouped together by Anne-Claude-Philippe de Tubières, Comte de Caylus. The NGC wishes to thank HP Canada for its generous contribution, which has made this interactive experience possible.

A rich period
With the founding of the Académie de France à Rome in 1666, Rome became a mandatory destination for any serious young artist. The tradition continued in the 18th century, with several students of the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture receiving the Grand Prix de Rome and attaining the status of pensionnaire of the Académie romaine, where they stayed for approximately four years. Instruction was primary based on copying the old masters and antiquities, but also on drawing in situ, both nudes and surrounding landscapes.

This period produced many drawings of various techniques, prints and fascinating paintings. "The variety of techniques used by the artists shows how they were trained to master their art during their stay in Rome," Sonia Couturier, exhibition curator and NGC associate curator, writes in her article in the fall issue of the NGC's magazine, Vernissage.

The Roman countryside: A constant source of inspiration
The Roman countryside was a constant source of inspiration to painters and draughtsmen looking for picturesque scenery. This attraction was expressed in different ways by these artists. While the idyllic, pastoral vision of Jean-Honoré Fragonard or Hubert Robert is evident, others looked more objectively at the area's geography and inhabitants. At the same time, the work of some, such as Adrien Manglard, Claude-Joseph Vernet and Pierre-Henri de Valenciennes, was influenced by atmospheric studies and gave new impetus to landscape art.

Patrons and artists
Many exhibition works point to the presence of French art tourists in Rome. For this reason, Drawn to Art explores certain aspects of the social and cultural network through which artists, patrons and knowledgeable art lovers mixed. There was a constant influx of foreigners, including many French art lovers, wishing to round off their education. The Marquis of Vandières (future Marquis of Marigny and director general of the Bâtiments du Roi), the Abbé de Saint-Non, Claude-Henri Watelet and Bergeret de Grandcourt stand out among this community of visiting art lovers which gave life to the most promising talents of the day.

Rediscovering antiquity In this setting, rediscovering antiquity was one of the main preoccupations of these travelling dilettanti, drawn by the latest developments in archaeology. Thus, Rome became a breeding ground for the neo-classicism which flourished during the final decades of the 18th century across Europe. While many artists were drawn at times to the faithful reproduction of established classical motifs, there was nevertheless a desire to transcend these same models. This approach towards classical art lead to the creation of a new imaginative vision evident among many, including Clérisseau, Robert and Saly.

Celebrations and festivities
The French artists in 18th century Rome enjoyed a certain visibility in this particulary cosmopolitan environment. Of note are the extraordinary festivities held by the pensionnaires of the Académie, Turkish or Chinese masquerades, depicted in the drawings and paintings of Jean Barbault or the respective engravings of Joseph Marie Vien and Jean-Baptiste Marie Pierre. In a completely different vein, the eager involvement of the French artists in preparing and depicting the Chinea, celebrated annually since the reign of Pope Clement IV (in 1265) to mark the subordination of the kingdom of Naples to the papacy, should also be mentioned. Prints by Jacques-Louis Le Lorrain or Pierre Parrocel show set pieces from this sumptuous feast illuminated by fireworks.

Exhibition curator
NGC associate curator, European Art, Sonia Couturier has been involved in the care and development of the Gallery's drawing and print collections since 2001. She received her PhD from Concordia University in Montreal and has studied the participation of French art lovers in 18th century intellectual circles. She is responsible for the acquisition of many drawings and prints (pre-1800, from all schools), particularly from the 17th and 18th century French School. In addition to writing articles on the collection's drawings for the National Gallery of Canada Review and contributing to the Drawing Attention catalogue (Art Gallery of Ontario, 2008), she wrote the catalogue for the exhibition French Drawings from Canadian Collections (2004). She is curator of the exhibition Drawn to Art: French Artists and Art Lovers in 18th Century Rome (NGC, Ottawa, 2011; MBA Caen, France, 2012), for which she edited the catalogue.

CatalogueDrawn to Art: French Artists and Art Lovers in 18th Century Rome features a richly-illustrated 255 page catalogue. Edited and with introduction by exhibition curator and NGC associate curator Sonia Couturier. Foreword by NGC director Marc Mayer and preface by Pierre Rosenberg. Victor Carlson, Alvin L. Clark, Jr., Sonia Del Re, Marie-Anne Dupuy-Vachey, Marc-Henri Jordan, Françoise Joulie, Catherine Loisel, W. McAllister Johnson, Jean-François Méjanès, Olivier Michel, Michael Pantazzi, and Patrick Ramade also contributed to the catalogue's many entries. Produced by SilvanaEditoriale in collaboration with the National Gallery of Canada and the Musée des beaux-arts de Caen. On sale at the NGC Bookstore and online at www.ShopNGC.ca for $49.99.

Admission Tickets are $15 for adults, $12 for seniors and full-time students, $7 for youths aged
12 to 19 years, and $30 for families (two adults and three children). Admission is free of charge for children under 12 and for Members of the Gallery, and on Thursdays from 5 pm to 8 pm. This includes admission to the NGC Collection.

Opening hours
Open Tuesday to Sunday from 10 am to 5 pm and until 8 pm on Thursday. Closed on Monday. Open on Remembrance Day starting at noon, and on Mondays December 19, December 26, and January 2. Closed on December 25 and on January 1.

About the National Gallery of Canada The National Gallery of Canada is home to the most important collections of historical and contemporary Canadian art, including the extensive collection of the Canadian Museum of Contemporary Photography. The Gallery also maintains Canada's premier collection of European Art from the 14th to the 21st century, as well as important works of American, Asian and Indigenous Art and renowned international collections of prints, drawings and photographs. Created in 1880, the National Gallery of Canada has played a key role in Canadian culture for well over a century. Among its principal missions is to increase access to excellent works of art for all Canadians. To do so, it maintains the largest touring art exhibition programme in the world. For more information: www.gallery.ca

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For more information, images or interviews, please contact:

Josée-Britanie Mallet
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National Gallery of Canada
613-990-6835bmallet@gallery.ca

Naomi Grattan
Senior Media and Public Relations Officer
National Gallery of Canada
613-991-0646ngrattan@gallery.ca