Based on model projections, climate alarmists contend that global warming should lead to both more frequent and more extreme weather phenomena, such as droughts and floods. It is important, therefore, to search for real-world evidence of these phenomena, especially over the past century when temperatures and CO2 concentrations rose to levels that climate alarmists claim are unprecedented over thousands of years (temperature) to millions of years (CO2 concentration). In the present summary, we thus examine what researchers have found in this regard for South America.