In 2009 he again competed in a variety of series, including the Australian Drivers' Championship and the Asian Formula Renault Challenge once more. His main focus this year, however, was the Formula BMW Pacific championship, which he dominated with 11 victories from the 15 races (although five of these races were won outright by invitational drivers who were not entered in the championship), driving for the Malaysian Meritus team. This included a perfect run of four outright victories, pole positions and fastest laps in the four consecutive races held at his home circuit of Sentul. He also competed in a round of the equivalent European FBMW series, himself a guest driver on this occasion.

Haryanto stepped up to the more competitive European racing scene full-time for 2010 by joining the Manor Racing team for the Formula One-supporting GP3 Series. His three team-mates during the season were James Jakes, Adrien Tambay and Adrian Quaife-Hobbs. In an impressive first season at this level, he won a race at Istanbul Park and took two further podium placings to finish fifth place in the drivers' championship, the leading Manor driver. His form was "one of the surprises of the season", according to the Autosport magazine.[1] He remained with the team for 2011, now badged as Marussia Manor Racing, alongside Quaife-Hobbs and Matias Laine. Despite increasing his victory count to two, with wins at the Nürburgring and the Hungaroring, his inconsistency—including a run of seven races without scoring points at the start of the year—saw him slip to seventh place in the championship, behind Quaife-Hobbs. Both of his victories were in rainy conditions, giving him something of a reputation as a wet-weather specialist.[2][3][4]

In addition to his GP3 duties, Haryanto also drove for the DAMS team in the Auto GP series, competing in all but one round of the championship as it clashed with the GP3 schedule. Driving alongside Sergey Afanasyev and part-timer Tambay, he took a win at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo in Valencia and finished seventh in the drivers' standings. The efforts of Haryanto, Afanasyev, Tambay, and Haryanto's substitute, Kevin Korjus, were enough for DAMS to win the teams' championship.

Haryanto switched to Campos for the 2015 GP2 Series season.[8] After taking second place at the feature race in Bahrain, Haryanto took his first win in GP2 in the following day's sprint race.[9] He achieved his second victory in the sprint race at the Red Bull Ring despite a damaged front wing.[10]

Haryanto has been linked to the Virgin Racing/MarussiaFormula One team since his first GP3 season with Manor in 2010, as he has driven for junior teams with its backing since then. In the autumn of that year, he won the right to test with Virgin at the end of the 2010 season due to his finishing position as the highest ranked Manor driver in the GP3 final standings.[11] He tested for Virgin in Abu Dhabi on 16 November. Suffering gearbox problems, he posted the slowest time of the thirteen runners in the morning session.[12][13] He did not receive the prize test in 2011 because team-mate Adrian Quaife-Hobbs beat him in the standings on this occasion.

Haryanto and 2012 GP2 Series team-mate Max Chilton drove for Marussia in the first young driver tests of 2012, held in-season at Silverstone.[14] Running over the course of two days, Haryanto completed three hundred kilometres of testing, satisfying one of the conditions to be eligible for a superlicence and becoming the first Indonesian driver to qualify for one.[15]