Scientists find brain protein aids influenza recovery.

Washington State University scientists have found a brain protein that boosts the healing power of sleep and speeds an animal’s recovery from the flu. The team determined that a brain-specific protein is uniquely involved in sleep responses triggered by the influenza virus in mice. Without the protein, animals develop more severe symptoms of infection and die at higher rates than regular or control mice.

The discovery could lead to alternative treatments for influenza and other infectious diseases, possibly by using intranasal sprays to stimulate the production of the brain protein, called AcPb. Previous research indicates that sleep is necessary for a healthy immune system and plays a critical role in the body’s response to bacterial and viral infections.

The current study showed this recovery involves AcPb and an immune system signaling chemical called interleukin-1. AcPb links up with interleukin-1 to help regulate sleep in healthy animals. It also prompts infected animals to spend more time sleeping during an illness. In the study, mice who lacked the gene for AcPb slept less after being infected with influenza virus. They also became chilled, grew sluggish, lost their normal circadian rhythms and ultimately died in higher numbers than the mice who slept longer.

For the study, the team gave an intranasal dose of mouse-adapted H1N1 influenza virus to both regular mice and those lacking the gene for AcPb. H1N1 is the strain of influenza that swept across the world in the 2009 pandemic. When infected, regular mice showed the typical prolonged sleep response, but mice lacking AcPb slept less than control mice. They also developed more severe symptoms of illness and died at a higher rate.

Influenza is a lung disease and deaths probably occur from fluid building up in the lungs. But now, research shows that without AcPb in the brain, the virus is even more deadly.

It is already known that the influenza virus replicates in the lungs, but the team have discovered it also reaches parts of the brain, causing an inflammatory reaction involving interleukin-1 and AcPb. That reaction induces the increased sleep response that helps the body overcome an infection. Interleukin-1 is also one of the inflammatory molecules responsible for the freezing, aching, feverish misery of the flu. The team states that this finding expands the medical community’s knowledge of the molecular pathway involved in recovery from influenza.

Speculating on possible new treatments for the flu, the team explain that the interleukin-1 – AcPb signaling complex is linked to a different molecule in the immune system called growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and its receptor (GHRHR.) The team state that the GHRHR was previously shown to be critical to the healing sleep responses induced by the influenza virus, so this may offer another potential clinical approach to treat influenza and other microbial diseases.

The team summise that while GHRH has not yet been used for treating infectious disease, other scientists are experimenting with it as a possible aid for memory and sleep. A 2012 a study from the University of Washington showed that daily injections of GHRH boosted the mental agility of older people with and without mild cognitive decline. And in 2009, German scientists developed an intranasal spray using interleukin-6 that was said to help the brain retain emotional and procedural memories during REM sleep.