In the 1990s, a book published by the National Research Council (NRC) titled Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children (NRC 1993) and the passage of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 ( FQPA 1996 ) were hailed as two major milestones in the United States in recognizing the need for systematic efforts in reducing pesticide exposure in vulnerable populations, especially infants and children. (nih.gov)

After the NRC report, the newly enacted FQPA aimed to fundamentally change U.S. policies in governing the acceptability of pesticide residues in foods and required the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assure the public that there is a "reasonable certainty of no harm" from pesticide exposures for pregnant women, infants, children, and other vulnerable groups. (nih.gov)

After the NRC report, the newly enacted FQPA aimed to fundamentally change U.S. policies in governing the acceptability of pesticide residues in foods and required the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to assure the public that there is a "reasonable certainty of no harm" from pesticide exposures for pregnant women, infants, children, and other vulnerable groups. (nih.gov)

The primary limiting factor in longitudinal studies is incomplete data on inorganic arsenic levels in foods combined with the aggregation of consumption of foods with varying arsenic levels into a single category, resulting in exposure misclassification. (ilsi.org)

In this way, the data is both formatted in a harmonised way given the comparability of RACs between countries, and suitable to assess the dietary exposure to chemicals analysed in RACs at a European level. (dtu.dk)

We conclude that although moderate-term exposure to PCBs did decrease the number of litters produced for high-dose female mice, it did not change litter size, pup growth rate, or energetic measures for those female mice that did successfully reproduce. (usgs.gov)

Toddlers aged 2-4 years were estimated to have the highest exposure to dioxins (mean 6.2-36.7 and 95th percentile 12.1-66.2 pg TEQ/kg bw/month, lower to upper bound respectively) due to their higher food consumption relative to body weight. (foodstandards.gov.au)

Based on fatty acid and mercury levels in fish species of the Dehcho, and results from the FFQ, estimates for mercury exposure from fish consumption among the Dehcho population indicated that up to 7% of trials exceeded the pTWI of 3.29 μg/kg/week (0.47 μg/kg/day). (uwaterloo.ca)

In this issue of EHP , researchers report that fast food consumption appears to be one source of exposure to the chemicals di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DiNP). (nih.gov)

The fact that non-Hispanic blacks showed a steeper dose-response curve to fast food and DEHP is an important contribution to the environmental justice field since it suggests a potential connection between neighborhood environments, food choices, and phthalates exposure," says lead author Ami Zota, an assistant professor of environmental and occupational health at George Washington University. (nih.gov)

Long term high levels of exposure to dioxins have the potential to cause a range of toxic effects in animals and humans, including skin lesions, reproductive disorders and cancer. (foodstandards.gov.au)

There is an evidence that endosulfan is acutely poisonous to humans through both accidental and intentional exposure [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

The potential for health effects on humans with exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has raised concerns, and the adverse effects of low-dose exposure to BPA on reproduction have been controversial. (go.jp)

Furthermore, direct and indirect contact with PFAA-containing materials such as oil and water-resistant materials, detergents, paints, and fabrics causes high exposure of humans to their toxic properties [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

A proof a principle project (the MEDE Study) is currently underway in our laboratories to test the hypothesis that high-throughput, non-targeted metabolite fingerprinting using flow injection electrospray mass spectrometry can be applied to human biofluids (blood and urine) to characterise dietary exposure in humans. (beds.ac.uk)

Many epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to pesticides is a risk factor for human health, as evidenced by the positive correlation between professional exposure to these compounds and an increase in the incidence of various human diseases (reviewed in Merhi et al. (hindawi.com)

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential trophic transfer of the explosive compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) using a realistic freshwater prey/predator model and using dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a highly bioaccumulative compound, to establish relative dietary uptake potential. (mdpi.com)

The diet of children aged 2 to 6 years in the Netherlands is safe regarding the exposure to fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol, patulin (toxic compounds produced by fungi), nitrate and organophosphorus pesticides. (rivm.nl)

It is unclear, to which extent AC contributes to the overall exposure of heat induced biologically active compounds such as acrylamide (AA) and furan. (aacrjournals.org)

Zinc caused a decrease in growth of the springtails, which resulted in a decrease in the estimated final fresh weight at the highest exposure level (20 mg/g dry food). (biomedsearch.com)

This study was carried out to compare the dietary toxicity of organic zinc (Zn-proteinate, Bioplex Zn®), mineral zinc (ZnSO4), and nanoparticulate zinc (ZnO-NPs) on the basis of some biological responses including growth performance and whole-body proximate composition, and antioxidant enzymes, as well as their accumulative affinity to target organs. (usda.gov)

This study demonstrates that communities located hundreds of kilometers downstream of ASGM activity, including children and indigenous populations who may not be involved in mining, are at risk of dietary mercury exposure that exceed acceptable body burdens. (rsc.org)

The lack of research on bioaccumulation and bioconcentration and especially dietary transfer on aquatic life has resulted in challenges in assessing ecological risks. (mdpi.com)

We also comment on the observed seasonal variations of BMAA levels in phytoplankton and fish sourced from this water body as well as the potential exposure risks associated with harvesting food items from this reservoir. (ovid.com)

However, these foods are often a primary route of exposure to methylmercury, an environmental contaminant that can pose significant adverse health risks. (uwaterloo.ca)

and 4) Assess the utility and accuracy of the probabilistic exposure model at estimating population-level profiles of risk and cardioprotective benefit using biomarkers for omega-3 PUFAs in blood plasma and Hg in hair. (uwaterloo.ca)

Legislative measures have been gradually introduced to reduce exposure by removing lead from paint, food cans, water pipes and petrol. (europa.eu)

Regardless of the optimal timing for the introduction of solid food, current understanding of immunological tolerance appears to suggest that regular exposures to newly introduced foods help to maintain oral tolerance. (elginhealth.on.ca)

Background: Fish are often rich in essential micronutrients including omega-3 fatty acids (FA), and are a cultural and dietary staple in traditional food systems of First Nations communities in the Canadian subarctic. (uwaterloo.ca)

Potatoes and wheat flour were the most important food categories, contributing with 40-50% to the exposure. (biomedsearch.com)

However, conventional tools for measuring dietary exposure have significant limitations being subject to an unknown degree of misreporting and dependent upon food composition tables to allow estimation of intakes of energy, nutrients and non-nutrient food constituents. (beds.ac.uk)