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美国麻省理工学院（MIT）在2011年年末（12月19日）宣布，MIT将推出网上学习新计划－命名为MITx。MITx将免费提供网上学习课程和学习工具（'MITx' will offer courses online and make online learning tools freely available）。什么叫MITx？MIT想通过开发MITx来提高MIT校园和全球的教育（MIT seeks through the development of MITx to improve education both on the MIT campus and around the world.）。MITx是MIT教务长L.拉斐尔•莱夫（The initiative is led by MIT Provost L. Rafael Reif）倡导提出的。MITx计划会超越传统的MIT OpenCourseWare（MIT免费开放课程已经过去10年了），不仅校内外学生可以受益，而且增加了互动环节和课程开发工具。我们将来拭目以待！以下是MIT官方对MITx的一些解释和释疑。时间原因，仅仅抛砖引玉！

On campus（在MIT校园）, MITx will be coupled with an Institute-wide research initiative on online teaching and learning. The online learning tools that MITx develops will benefit the educational experience of residential students by supplementing and reinforcing the classroom and laboratory experiences.

Beyond the MIT campus（超越MIT校园）, MITx will endeavor to break down barriers to education in two ways. First, it will offer the online teaching of MIT courses to people around the world and the opportunity for able learners to gain certification of mastery of MIT material. Second, it will make freely available to educational institutions everywhere the open-source software infrastructure on which MITx is based.

Since it launched OpenCourseWare (OCW) 10 years ago, MIT has been committed to using technology to improve and greatly widen access to education. The launch of MITx represents a next step forward in that effort.

谁是MITx计划的倡导者？

是MIT教务长L.拉斐尔•莱夫（The initiative is led by MIT Provost L. Rafael Reif）

MITx什么时候可以激活？

MIT计划在2012年春天推出MITx的原型版本。MIT plans to launch an experimental prototype version of MITx in the spring 2012 timeframe. Once the open learning infrastructure is in stable form, MIT will also release the open-source software infrastructure and will establish ways for other universities, as well as interested individuals, to join MIT in improving and adding features to the technology.

Why is MIT announcing this now, before MITx has been built?为什么在MITx建立以前就宣布MITx计划？Many schools and faculty within MIT and other universities are interested in online education and exploring ways in which to offer their content online. MIT wants its community and the communities of other institutions to know that they can continue to look to MIT to bring innovation to online learning and teaching, as it has done with OCW. MIT also wants to make available an adaptable, free platform for any school to use for its own online initiatives. Furthermore, the time is right from a technology perspective, because within MIT we have already gained experience in online technologies through many courses that already include significant online components. These technologies include online tutors, online laboratories, crowd-sourced grading of programs, machine learning and automatic transcription.

How will this affect the MIT on-campus education? 对MIT校内教育有何影响？MIT’s residential-based education is the heart of the MIT community, and an MIT degree holds special distinction. MITx will be coupled with an MIT-wide research initiative into online learning that will study ways in which students, whether on campus or part of a virtual community, learn most effectively. To the degree that MITx demonstrates highly effective online learning tools from which campus-based students might benefit, such as self-paced online exercises, those tools will become part of the experience of MIT students. These tools will enable campus faculty to automate some of the more repetitive and less creative tasks, such as grading, thereby liberating more time to devote to innovative ways of teaching the material and to additional contact time with resident students.

Is MIT signaling a lack of support for the traditional, residential model of education?Not at all. MIT believes firmly in the residential model of education. MIT’s new initiative in online education is meant not only to improve the experience of traditional, residential MIT students by continuing to innovate with the latest pedagogical technologies, but also to lower the existing barriers between residential campuses and millions of learners around the world.

Will MIT students and online-only non-MIT learners use MITx in the same way?No. MIT faculty and students will determine what use to make of the new platform for their on-campus classes: The platform may serve as a way for students to reinforce and explore what they are learning in the classroom and lab. We have observed that the same is true of OCW: MIT’s residential learners use OCW materials to augment their residential experience.

Will this platform offer MIT degrees?No. MIT awards MIT degrees only to those admitted to MIT through a highly selective admissions process.

If credentials are awarded, will they be awarded by MIT?As online learning and assessment evolve and improve, online learners who demonstrate mastery of subjects could earn a certificate of completion, but any such credential would not be issued under the name MIT. Rather, MIT plans to create a not-for-profit body within the Institute that will offer certification for online learners of MIT coursework. That body will carry a distinct name to avoid confusion.

Who can take courses on MITx? Will there be an admission process?As with OCW, the teaching materials on MITx will be available to anyone in the world for free, and in general, there will not be an admission process. However, credentials will be granted only to students who earn them by demonstrating mastery of the material of a subject.

In MITx, what will be free and what will cost money?All of the teaching on the platform will be free of charge. Those who have the ability and motivation to demonstrate mastery of content can receive a credential for a modest fee.

What will it cost to get a credential for a given course?MIT is in the process of determining a fee structure for individual courses and groups of courses. The aim is to make credentialing highly affordable.

Will MIT remain committed to OpenCourseWare?Yes. OCW will continue as before: It will make course materials from across the MIT curriculum available to the world for free. There will be no reduction in the level of what OCW offers.

How will MITx be financed?MIT’s online initiative will be a not-for-profit activity consistent with MIT’s mission, but it is expected to generate positive net income from various revenue sources, including fees for certification from learners who demonstrate mastery of course material. MIT also anticipates substantial interest from foundations, companies and individuals positioned to support the endeavor. MIT will share the expected positive net income with faculty members who develop courses for the platform. Net income from the initiative after revenue sharing will benefit MIT and its mission.

OCW provides course material for nearly all MIT classes. Will MITx offer interactive online courses at that same scale?No. MITx will begin by offering a portfolio of selected courses, which will grow over time. The selection of courses will depend on the interests of MIT faculty and online learners and will be determined on a course-by-course basis.

What resources will MIT make available to the faculty in support of MITx?MIT will actively support faculty members in creating online courses.