AP Biology Chapter 51

Chemical substances used by animals to communicate. Most often utilized by mammals and insects and usually used for reproduction

8.

A change in activity or turning rate in response to a stimulus

9.

Provided by the outside work, something to which a response will be directed (e.g. Konrad Lorenz in his greylag geese experiment)

10.

A loss of responsiveness

11.

The idea that a gene can proliferate itself throughout a population by causing an individual to behave altruistically in helping members of the same species that it is closely related to (who also have that gene) reproduce.

12.

A contest that determines which competitor gains access to a certain resource, often food or a mate

15.

A sequence of unlearned acts that is essentially unchangeable and, once initiated, usually carried out to completion. Directly linked to simple stimuli.

16.

The process of knowing represented by awareness, reasoning, recollection, and judgement

17.

Behavior consistently observed in a species that is developmentally fixed (instinct)

19.

The mechanistic explanation of “how” a behavior (or other aspect of an organism’s biology) occurs or is modified; that is, how a stimulus elicits a behavior, what physiological mechanisms mediate the response, and how experience influences the response.

21.

The scientific study of how animals behave, esp. in their natural environments.

23.

The process of relating one situation to another.

24.

An oriented movement toward (positive) or away from (negative) some stimulus.

25.

A representation in the nervous system of the spatial relationships between objects in an animal's surroundings.

26.

Through learning, an organism changes its behavior based on experiences and its environment

27.

The evolutionary explanation of “why” a behavior (or other aspect of an organism’s biology) occurs, that is, the benefit to survival and reproduction or the evolutionary significance of the behavioral act.

28.

Mated individuals remain together for a longer time, forming stronger pair-bonds

Down

1.

Mated individuals form no long-lasting relationships or strong pair-bonds

2.

rB > C ; r=coefficient of relatedness, the fraction of genes that are shared

3.

Ways in which an animal behaves that decreases individual fitness but increases the fitness of the population.

4.

An animal aiding a member of the same species who is not closely related

5.

The natural selection that favors altruistic behavior by enhancing the reproductive success of relatives.

6.

Associative learning in which an arbitrary stimulus becomes related to a particular outcome (dog salivating when bell is rung)

13.

Trial-and-error" learning, in which an animal learns to associate a behavior with a reward or punishment

14.

Opposite of polygyny, one female mates with many males

18.

A limited developmental phase during which certain behaviors can be learned

20.

The formation at a specific stage in life of a long-lasting behavioral response to a particular individual or object

22.

One male mating with many females, most common form of polygamous mating

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