Technology is anything that people use to make a task easier. A cell phone is a type of technology that is a common thing to see in everyday life. The world and the people in it have gotten used to this technology. Cell phones are making the lives of an estimated two hundred sixty five million Americans (Natterson 103) and three billion worldwide (Natterson 103), easier. As useful as cell phones may be, there are negative effects in over using cell phones.

Cell phone technology was first developed in the 1980’s, but cell phones became common in the early 1990’s (Firestone 24). As time progressed so did the cell phone’s technology. Cell phones became digital in the early 1990’s; making them more affordable and small enough to comfortably carry anywhere (Firestone 24). A few years later the cell phone underwent another change. In 1996 cell phones began to change again with a new technology allowing cell phones to access the Internet (Firestone 25). These smart phones became instantly popular. By the early 2000’s smart phones were common. Users could check e-mails and browse the web with applications made for cell phones (Firestone 25).

“Cell phone signals can be broadcast over wide areas. Each broad cast area is called a cell. That is how cell phones got their names” (Firestone 23). These cell phone signals are carried out through radio frequencies. Cell phones use two radio frequencies at the same time, meaning they are duplex devices (Firestone 24). A cell phone would only be able to work like a walkie-talkie if they were not duplex devices. Since cell phones are duplex devices, they use two radio frequencies. One transmits sound and the other receives it, allowing two people to talk at the same time (Firestone 24).

Two of the main parts of a cell phone are the capacitor and the battery. A cell phone’s capacitor moves and stores electricity at a reliable rate (Cunningham 15). Without it a cell phone could not function properly. The capacitor is usually made out of tantalum (Cunningham 14). A cell phone’s battery usually is a lithium ion battery. Lithium ion batteries wear out and are sensitive, even dangerous when exposed to heat (Cunningham 16).

Cell phones can also cause physical health problems such as cancer. Mobile phones, cordless phones, and Wi-Fi (wireless internet connection and wireless networking) emit the same harmful microwaves (Mobile Phone Safety). Microwaves have been proven to have negative effects on the brain. It is proven that sub thermal power densities form pulse- modulated and continuous RF EMF’s including those from cell phones have the potential to open blood- brain barriers (Mobile Phones & Brain Damage). EMF stands for electromagnetic fields. EMF affects cells causing mutation (Natterson 115). The world population still has many cell phone users. A fourth of the world population is currently exposing themselves to microwaves from cell phones (Mobile Phones and Brain Damage). Many countries are starting to understand the dangers that cell phones posses. “A German study found a threefold higher frequency of cancer among people living in vicinity (400 meters) of a GSM base station compared to people living further away from the antenna” (Mobile Phone Safety). Spain also found evidence of cardiovascular problems, visual disorders, in people living near cell phone towers (Mobile Phones & Brain Damage). There has been much research done on microwaves and how they affect the brain. Researchers found evidence for brain cell damage in rats exposed for 2 hours to microwaves from cell phones. The damage was still seen 50 days after exposure (Mobile Phones & Brain Damage). “Rats exposed to mobile phones for two hours showed damages that persisted 50 days later. Even after all these tests and research cell phones are still affecting a great percentage of the world population. But current exposure standards are still highly inadequate to protect the public” (Mobile Phones & Brain Damage). When using...

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...CellPhoneEffects on the Human Brain
Walking around in school to walking around at the shopping malls with your mobile phone may seem fashionable and trendy, but most people do not know that it might be causing you to get a cancer and brain damage threw the loss of memory. Many mobile phone holders do not realize it and it should be something everyone should be aware of. It may seem pretty unusual how a mobilephone can cause a child or an adult to get cancer, but it is true. New evidence is growing fast about health risks from mobile phones and their electromagnetic radiation.
Recently mobile phones are accused of emitting radiation, which is harmful for health causing cancer, brain tumors, headaches, and also sleeping disorders. These devices can be used to make telephone calls from almost any country in the world to another. Researchers are still being undertaken to come to a definite conclusion if there is any possible impairment by the “cellphone radiation.” "Research by the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority in Finland found that microwaves from cellphone handsets damaged the blood-brain barrier, which prevents materials from the blood entering the brain.” It warned that this might have implications for human health,
but it does not insinuate that the biological effect may...

...CellPhones!
What Causes Mobile Phone Radiation and How Does it Effect Your Body? Why is it so popular with young teenagers today? What problems do Mobile phones cause?
Walking around in school to walking around at the shopping centre with your mobile phone may seem fashionable and trendy, but did you know that it might be causing you to get a cancer and brain damage threw lost of memory? . Many mobile phone holders do not realize it and it should be something everyone should be aware of. It may seem a bit unusually how a Mobile phone can cause a child or an adult to get cancer, but it is true. New evidence is growing fast about health risks from mobile phones  electromagnetic radiation. These devices can be used to make telephone calls from almost any country in the world to another.
There are a growing number of unconfirmed reports of individuals whose health has been affected after chronic, frequent use of mobile phones, presumably from radiation effects on brain cells. There are two types of phones, one has the antenna mounted on the handset and the other has the antenna mounted on a separate transmitter or, if the telephone is installed in a vehicle, mounted on the roof or rear window. Communication between a mobile telephone and the nearest base station...

...Are cellphones dangerous?
Cellphones are a wonderful thing. You can talk. Take pictures. Listen to music. Converse over email or text messaging, and browse the Internet among a handful of other things. I love to use my cellphone and actually use it more then any other phone at the office or at home. However, I use it with immense concern. I have concern about the use of thephone causing health issues, like cancer and brain tumors over time. Are these concerns warranted?
I have studied technology and specifically wireless communications as a graduate student at Northwestern University. My professor had advanced scientific & wireless knowledge and advised us all to get headsets for our cellphones. So why would someone who works in the field be this concerned to offer this advice? Given that cellphones operate with Radio Frequencies (RF) and thus use a form of electromagnetic energy located on the electromagnetic spectrum between FM radio waves and the waves used in microwave ovens, radars and satellites. How many times have you heard not to stand in front of the microwave since it could cause health issues?
The FCC offers recommendations for the appropriate and safe amount of exposure to RF energy. I found these RF Safety FAQ’s to be somewhat helpful in identifying and answering some my exposure...

...﻿Name : Bayu Eko Prasetyo
Nim : 130210401097
Health concerns over mobile phone use
Mobile phones communicate with base stations using radiofrequency (RF) radiation. If RF radiation is high enough, it has a ‘thermal’ effect, which means it raises body temperature. There are concerns that the low levels of RF radiation emitted by mobile phones could cause health problems such as headaches or brain tumors. In addition, the devices those using RF radiations are safe. Such as: Radio had used RF radiation since 1893 and television had used RF radiation since 1939, and cellphone also uses RF radiation. So, cellphone absolutely safe.
Research into mobile phones and health risks
Intensive international research has found no conclusive or convincing evidence that mobile phones are damaging to health in the short or long term. However, in May 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified RF radiation as ‘possibly carcinogenic for humans, based on an increased risk for glioma, a type of brain cancer’.
The release of this WHO statement prompted many people to call for a 'precautionary approach' to mobile phone use. Research is ongoing.
Reviewed studies have found that cellphone use is not associated with an increased risk of brain tumor. The another study such as in October, 20, 2011, July...

...Report on
The NegativeEffects of Facebook on teenagers in Dhaka
The NegativeEffects of Facebook On Teenagers in Dhaka
Submitted to:
Ms. Dilruba Jahan
Assistant Professor,
Language Institute
Submitted by:
Kayafa Hossain
ID-111 121 559
Sec-NJ
Date of submission: 5.1.2013
5th January, 2013
Dilruba Jahan
Asst.Professor
Language Institute
Subject: submission of Extended Essay
Dear Madam
I am pleased to submit you the report on “ The NegativeEffects of Facebook on Teenagers in Dhka” as the requirement for completion of the course titled “Composition and Communication skills”.
I have collected the information of internet and analyzed and prepared this report. Working on this report, I have learned about the negativeeffects of facebook in Dhaka on many articles. I would like to convey my complements to you to assign me this kind of report.
My efforts will be successful if you would accept this report.
Sincerely
Kayafa Hossain
ID-111 121 559
Sec- NJ
Acknowledgement
It is my pleasure to submit the extended essay on “ The NegativeEffects of Facebook on Teenagers in Dhaka”.
First of all, I would like to acknowledge the almighty Allah who has given me the capability to complete this essay.
I am thankful to Ms. Dilruba jahan, our course instructor of “composition...

...﻿Outline
Thesis: Unless the risks of usage of cellphones outweighs the benefits, we should educate people on how to manage their usage of cellphones or use a different mean of communication.
The Effects that CellPhones have on Society
Introduction
In the United States of America, there are over one hundred million cellphone users. This number is growing at an astonishing rate of more than sixty thousand people per day. (Cellular Telephones) Thirty percent of all Americans have joined the mobile-phone revolution. A decade ago, cellphone usage in the United States was a rarity. (Raloff) The most common domestic appliance that Americans use every day is the cellphone, and we deserve the right to know the effects that this appliance is having on us. There are also many risks associated with cellphone usage. We must outweigh the risks and benefits for ourselves to decide if using cellphones is really worth it. Unless the risks of usage of cellphones outweighs the benefits, we should educate people on how to manage their usage of cellphones or use a different mean of communication.
CellPhones can be...

...What effects do mobile phones have
on people’s health?
November 2006
ABSTRACT
This is a Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis report assessing the clinical effects of daily exposure to
mobile phones in general populations. It addresses the impact on developing head and brain tumours, other
morbidity-related outcomes and summarizes the biological effects of RF and microwave radiation.
The report shows that the evidence available does not provide a clear pattern to support an association between
exposure to RF and microwave radiation from mobile phones and direct effects on health. It however cautions
that lack of available evidence of detrimental effects on health should not be interpreted as evidence of absence
of such effects and recommends a precautionary approach to the use of this communication technology until
more scientific evidence becomes available.
HEN, initiated and coordinated by the WHO Regional Office for Europe, is an information service for public
health and health care decision-makers in the WHO European Region. Other interested parties might also
benefit from HEN.
This HEN evidence report is a commissioned work and the contents are the responsibility of the authors. They
do not necessarily reflect the official policies of WHO/Europe. The reports were subjected to international
review, managed by the HEN...

...com/Article/3628 on web 3 November 2008
Review Cellphones: modern man’s nemesis?
Ashok Agarwal is a Professor in the Lerner College of Medicine at Case Western Reserve University and the Director of Center for Reproductive Medicine, and the Clinical Andrology Laboratory at The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States. He has published over 400 scientific articles, reviews and book chapters in different areas of andrology, male/ female infertility and fertility preservation. His research program is known internationally for its focus on disease-oriented cutting edge research in the field of human reproduction. His team has presented over 700 papers at national and international meetings and more than 150 scientists, clinicians and biologists have received their training in his laboratory.
Dr Ashok Agarwal Kartikeya Makker1, Alex Varghese1, Nisarg R Desai1, Rand Mouradi2, Ashok Agarwal1,3 1 Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 2Department of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA 3 Correspondence: Tel: +1 216 444 9485; Fax: +1 216 445 6049; e-mail: agarwaa@ccf.org
Abstract
Over the past decade, the use of mobile phones has increased significantly. However, with every technological development comes some element of health concern, and cellphones are no exception. Recently, various studies have...