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Personal Rapid Transit System

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 PersonalRapid Transit is a fully automated rail- based public transportation system. Ituses small automated electric driven „pod cars‟ with capacity of 4 to 6 people, on a network of narrow segregated guide ways . Stations are located on sidings ,with merge/ diverge points. This approach allows for nonstop, point-to- point travel, bypassing all intermediate stations. 2

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 It is cost-effective ,provides highly “on-demand” , congestion free and 24X7 operation. Any destination can be reached directly, in a private atmosphere and without intermediate stops or transfers with very short waiting times. 3

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NEED OF PRTS ! INCREASING TARNSPORT DEMAND As the population is increasing so the transport demand, especially in urban cities where problem of traffic have become a great concern. 4

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 LIMITED LAND AND FUEL RESOURCES Mostof the metropolitan cities are already facing problem of land shortage to manage the growing population so , its very difficult to extend and expand roads inside the city. Depleting natural gas and petroleum reserve is a major concern, vehicle running on electricity can be helpful in decreasing load on fossil fuel. 5

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DEVELOPMENT OF PRTS ! First PRT came into service at West Virginia University ,Morgantown in 1972. It has 8.7 miles guide-way with 5 stations and 70 pod cars with about 15,000 riders per day. 6

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 In November 2010, a PRT system went into operation in Masdar City in the UAE. It has only 1.2 km of one-way track, serving the Masdar Institute of Science and Technology. SinceSeptember 2011, Heathrow PRT is fully operational, connecting business car park to the central terminal 5 area through 3.8 km of guide way and 18 podcars. 7

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UPCOMING PROJECTS ! InSuncheon, South Korea , PRT System will connect Suncheon to the future site of the International Gardening Festival with 9.8 km guideway 2 stations and 40 podcars by end of 2013. In India, Amritsar will have the first and largest urban PRT System with route length of total 22km with 35 stations. The initial phase connects 3.3km route with 7 stations being 500m apart with cost of 60crore per km with 30 podcars. It will be open for 8 public in 2014.

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GUIDWAYS The guideways are usually designed as elevated systems with concrete and steel beams and columns. Theyare interconnected at “ junctions “ which allows podcar to select various paths. Guideway density and extent is determined by maximum walking distance to nearest station and number of origin and destination point to be served. 11

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 TypicalElevated Guideway Headroom for main road crossings is 5.7m whereas 2.5m over pedestal crossing. Typicalcolumn weighs 10 tonnes with dead load requirement of minimum 2.2kN/m². Guideways can be integrated into existing building without significant strengthening or modifications. 13

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STATIONS Off-linestations are designed with a “siding” track or so that vehicles not stopping at a particular station can bypass that station . Usinga 30 second dwell time, one typical station bay can serve about 120 Pods per hour. These stations have all basic facilities ex passenger interface which allows destination selection 14 console, communications, and segregation doorset.

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SAFTEY AND SECURITY No human error so much safer than vehicles on road. Running gear mechanism to prevent derailment and grade-separated guideways prevent conflict with pedestrians or manually controlled vehicles. Public transit safety engineering approaches, such as redundancy and self-diagnosis of critical systems, are also included in designs. 17 Less crowded so less prone to terrorist attacks.

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PROPULSION Electricitypowered 7kw linear induction motors and rotary motors used. power is generally transmitted via lineside conductors Systems retain a small on-board battery to reach the next stop after a power-failure increasing the safety and reducing the complexity, cost and maintenance of the guideway. Laser sensors maintains vehicle to prescribed path. 18

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SWITCHING Two types of switching: Vehicle-switching permits faster switching Simplifies the guideway, makes junctions less visually obtrusive and reduces the impact of malfunctions Track-switching replaces in-vehicle mechanisms with larger track- moving components. simplifies the vehicles, reducing the number of small 19 moving parts in each car.

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IMPEDIMENTS TO DEVELOPMENT There is very less tested. There is a lack of awareness of the concept. Would not produce much employment. Financialrisk as implementing test program requires substantial finance support . PRT may attract vandalism and pods may be target of crime. 22 Not feasible for rural areas.

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 Terminal 5 at London Heathrow Airport is connected to its business passenger car park, by a 3.8 km PRT system. Since september 2011 it is fully operational. The system cost £30 million to develop. The pods use 50% less energy than a bus. It uses 18 podcars that runs 22 hours a day with 24 maximum speed of 40km/h.

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 Operational statistics in May 2012 demonstrate more than 99% reliability . Average passenger wait time over the one year period of 10 seconds. 25

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PRT SYSTEM IN AMRITSAR World’s largest urban PRT system will start in 2014. 3.3km elevated guideway with 7 stations and 30 podcars running in phase one. It is a high-capacity system, projecting to carry approx 35 million passengers a year. At peak capacity the Amritsar system can carry up to 100,000 passengers a day. 26

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 The route will focus on railway and bus stations to the Golden Temple . The land area required for transportation will reduce by 30%. The project costs nearly Rs 250 crore and is to be taken up on a public-private partnership. Second phase : 22 km of total length with 35 stations with cost of Rs 880 crore. 27

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CONCLUSION Personal Rapid Transit System is an emerging approach to sustainable transportation. It fulfils almost all the requirements of modern transportation. It provides a good solution to the increasing transportation demand . It provides solution to limited land resource and helps in decreasing burden on fossil fuel resource . Its cost effectiveness make it accessible to every individual. 29 Thus helps in economic development of the society.