"Our armed forces in the border region responded immediately to this abominable attack in line with their rules of engagement; targets were struck through artillery fire against places in Syria identified by radar," the statement said.

"Turkey will never leave unanswered such kinds of provocation by the Syrian regime against our national security," it added.

There were no immediate details on the Turkish strikes against Syria, nor was it clear who had fired the mortar into Turkish territory.

Syria's Information Minister Omran Zoabi conveyed his condolences to the Turkish people, saying his country respected the sovereignty of neighboring countries. He also called on other countries to respect Syria's sovereignty and to control their borders to stop gunmen from entering Syria.

He added that Syria was investigating the source of the mortar bomb that killed the five civilians and urged restraint after Turkey's military struck targets inside Syria.

Despite calls by Damascus for restraint, the Turkish Parliament is set to vote on a motion that will authorize Ankara's right to retaliate against Syria if necessary.

Turkish Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu had also agreed with NATO Secretary-General Anders Fogh Rasmussen on the need for an emergency meeting of NATO members, the statement said.

A mortar bomb fired from Syria landed in a residential district of the southeastern Turkish town of Akçakale on Wednesday, killing a woman and four children from the same family and wounding at least 13 other people.

A cloud of dust and smoke rose up over low-rise buildings as Akçakale residents ran to help the wounded. Others, infuriated by the increasing spillover of violence from Syria's civil war, took to the streets shouting protests against the local authorities.

Davutoğlu phoned UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon to brief him about the incident and also spoke with senior military officials and Syria crisis mediator Lakhdar Brahimi, his ministry said in a statement.

Davutoğlu had already signaled over the weekend that Turkey would take action if there was a repeat of a mortar strike which damaged homes and workplaces in Akçakale last Friday.

"It [the latest mortar round] hit right in the middle of a neighborhood. A woman and four children from the same family died," Ahmet Emin Meşhurgül, local head of the Turkish Red Crescent, told Reuters, adding that he knew the victims personally.

"People here are anxious, because we got hit before. Security forces tried to convince people to empty the neighborhood near the border, but now we've been hit right in the middle of the town," he said.

A Reuters witness saw three police officers among the wounded being taken to hospital.

Erdoğan had long cultivated good relations with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad but became a harsh critic after Syria's popular revolt began last year, accusing him of creating a "terrorist state.” Erdoğan has allowed Syrian opposition fighters to organize on Turkish soil and pushed for a foreign-protected safe zone inside Syria.

White House, NATO respond with support

The Obama administration said it is "outraged" by the Syrian mortar shell. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton says the US is consulting its NATO ally on what she termed a "very dangerous situation."

She also spoke to her Turkish counterpart later on Wednesday.

Speaking in Washington, Clinton said Syria's leaders were causing untold suffering to their own people, driven solely by their desire to cling to power.

The White House strongly condemned Syria's deadly shelling across its border with Turkey, saying "we stand with our Turkish ally."

"All responsible nations must make clear that it is long past time for Assad to step aside, declare a ceasefire and begin the long-overdue political transition process," White House spokesman Tommy Vietor said.

The White House responded with a declaration of support for NATO partner Turkey after the mortar strike from Syria. "We stand with our Turkish ally and are continuing to consult closely on the path forward," Vietor said.

Rasmussen told Davutoğlu in a phone conversation on Wednesday that he strongly condemned the mortar strike from Syria, a NATO spokeswoman said.

The spokeswoman said NATO continued to follow developments in the region "closely and with great concern.”

Davutoğlu earlier had contacted Rasmussen, who has said repeatedly that NATO has no intention of intervening in Syria but stood ready to defend NATO member Turkey, if necessary.

In Belgium, NATO's National Atlantic Council, which is composed of the national ambassadors, held an emergency meeting in Brussels on Wednesday night at Turkey's request to discuss the cross-border incident. NATO also held an emergency meeting when a Turkish jet was shot down by Syria in June.

A NATO official, who spoke on condition of anonymity in line with NATO rules, said the meeting in Brussels was being held under a treaty article that states "the parties will consult whenever, in the opinion of any of them, the territorial integrity, political independence, or security of any of the parties is threatened."

Turkey, a NATO ally, is anxious to avoid going into Syria on its own. It has been pushing for international intervention in the form of creating a safe zone, which would likely entail foreign security forces on the ground and a partial no-fly zone.

However, the allies fear military intervention in Syria could ignite a wider conflict, and few observers expect robust action from the United States, which Turkey views as vital to any operation in Syria, ahead of the presidential election in November.

NATO demanded an immediate halt to "aggressive acts" against alliance member Turkey after the mortar strike from Syria.

The shelling "constitutes a cause of greatest concern for, and is strongly condemned by, all allies,” NATO ambassadors said in a statement, after their rare late-night meeting at Turkey's request.

"The alliance continues to stand by Turkey and demands the immediate cessation of such aggressive acts against an ally, and urges the Syrian regime to put an end to flagrant violations of international law," the statement said.

UN aims to defuse situation

UN spokesman Martin Nesirky told reporters that Ban spoke with Davutoğlu and "encouraged the minister to keep open all channels of communications with the Syrian authorities with a view to lessening any tension that could build up as a result of the incident."

That statement was issued before Turkey's announcement that it had struck targets inside Syria.

In a second statement issued shortly after Turkey's announcement, Ban urged the Syrian government to respect the territorial integrity of its neighbors and warned that the 18-month-old conflict in Syria was increasingly harming other countries in the region.

"The Secretary-General calls on the Syria Government to respect fully the territorial integrity of its neighbors as well as to end the violence against the Syrian people," Ban's press office said in a statement.

"Today's incidents, where firing from Syria struck a Turkish town, again demonstrated how Syria's conflict is threatening not only the security of the Syrian people but increasingly causing harm to its neighbors," the office said.

The statement called on all sides in the Syrian conflict to work towards a peaceful resolution of the crisis.

Asked about the incident on the Turkish-Syrian border, British Permanent Representative to the UN Mark Lyall Grant told reporters: "It's very worrying, and it was raised and discussed briefly in the council this afternoon."

He added that the council was now awaiting a letter from Turkey on the incident before it considered possible moves.

The 15-member council was already in a meeting to discuss other issues when Turkey announced it had struck targets in Syria. The Syrian strike and Turkish retaliation together mark the most serious cross-border escalation since the start of the Syrian uprising, which began as peaceful pro-democracy protests.

When asked if the Security Council would get involved, US Ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice told reporters, "We'll wait to see."

The council has been deadlocked on the Syria issue for more than a year. Russia, a staunch ally of Assad, and China have vetoed three resolutions condemning Assad's government and rejected the idea of imposing sanctions.

Deputy PM calls incident “the last straw”

The Turkish Foreign Ministry said in a statement late on Wednesday that Davutoğlu has been assured of Washington's full support at the United Nations and NATO after the mortar bomb fired from Syria.

"This latest incident is the last straw. Turkey is a sovereign country. There was an attack on its territory. There must certainly be a response within international law. ... I hope this is Syria's last act of craziness. Syria will be called into account," said Turkish Deputy Prime Minister Bülent Arınç, according to Turkey's Cihan news agency.

"Over the last 20 to 25 days there have been very heavy clashes on the Syrian side. We have felt the effects of these in Akçakale," Labor Minister Faruk Çelik, a deputy for the province where Akçakale is located, told Turkey's Parliament.

In April, Turkey reported an incident to the United Nations in which at least five people, including two Turkish officials, were wounded when cross-border gunfire struck a Syrian refugee camp in Kilis, further west along the frontier.

Turkey beefed up its troop presence and air defenses along its 900-kilometer border after Syria shot down a Turkish reconnaissance jet in June. But residents in Akçakale said there was still not enough security.

"People here are rising up, there is no security. People were chanting for the local governors to resign," local resident İbrahim Halil Arslan told CNN Turk television.

"Everybody here is so anxious. We keep our children locked in at home, and we are trying to live under this psychological pressure," he said.

Washington sees Turkey as the pivotal player in backing Syria's opposition and planning for the post-Assad era. But Ankara has found itself increasingly isolated and frustrated by a lack of international consensus on how to end the conflict.

Turkey is also sheltering more than 90,000 refugees from Syria and fears a mass influx similar to the flight of half a million Iraqi Kurds into Turkey after the 1991 Gulf War.