Tag Archives: 13th Amendment

The “growing unrest in the cities” must have been a reference to the black uprisings that had taken place—and showed the link—between the war abroad and poverty at home. In the wake of the Supreme Court decision, pro-slavery activists declared their right to “choose” to own slaves.

When Nixon took office, he too tried to persuade the public that protest would not affect him. But he almost went berserk when one lone pacifist picketed the White House.

They have enforced inhuman laws…. They have built more prisons than schools. They have mercilessly slain our patriots, they have drowned uprisings in rivers of blood. They have fettered public opinion…. They have robbed us of our rice fields, our mines, our forests, and our raw materials… .

They have invented numerous unjustifiable taxes and reduced our people, especially our peasantry, to a state of extreme poverty. …

…from the end of last year, to the beginning of this year . . . more than two million of our fellow-citizens died of starvation. .. .

The whole Vietnamese people, animated by a common purpose, are determined to fight to the bitter end against any attempt by the French colonialists to reconquer their country.

One sign that the ideas of the antiwar movement had taken hold in the American public was that juries became more reluctant to convict

Most of the antiwar action came from ordinary GIs, and most of these came from lower-income groups—white, black, Native American, Chinese, and Chicano. (Chicanos back home were demonstrating by the thousands against the war.)

One of the great sports figures of the nation, Muhammad Ali, the black boxer and heavyweight champion, refused to serve in what he called a “white man’s war”; boxing authorities took away his title as champion.

Martin Luther King, Jr., spoke out in 1967 at Riverside Church in New York:

Somehow this madness must cease. We must stop now. I speak as a child of God and brother to the suffering poor of Vietnam. I speak for those whose land is being laid waste, whose homes are being destroyed, whose culture is being subverted. I speak for the poor of America who are paying the double price of smashed hopes at home and death and corruption in Vietnam. I speak as a citizen of the world, for the world as it stands aghast at the path we have taken. I speak as an American to the leaders of my own nation. The great initiative in this war is ours. The initiative to stop it must be ours.

Dan Berrigan wrote a

We say: killing is disorder, life and gentleness and community and unselfishness is the only order we recognize. For the sake of that order, we risk our liberty, our good name. The time is past when good men can remain silent, when obedience can segregate men from public risk, when the poor can die without defense.

US Slave trade 2015 Under Dred Scott, owners could choose to buy, sell or under most circumstances kill their property.

The one woman among the Catonsville Nine, Mary Moylan, a former nun, also refused to surrender to the FBI. She was never found. Writing from underground, she reflected on her experience and how she came to it: David Barrow lamented the “strange doctrine of the Christian church that forbids ministers to condemn sin simply because it is authorized by the government.”

… We had all known we were going to jail, so we all had our toothbrushes. I was just exhausted. I took my little box of clothes and stuck it under the cot and climbed into bed. Now all the women in the Baltimore County jail were black-I think there was only one white. The women were waking me up and saying, “Aren’t you going to cry?” I said, “What about?” They said, “You’re in jail.” And I said, “Yeah, I knew I’d be here.” . ..I was sleeping between two of these women, and every morning I’d wake up and they’d be leaning on their elbows watching me. They’d say, “You slept all night.” And they couldn’t believe it. They were good. We had good times…

The poet Robert Lowell, invited to a White House function, refused to come. Arthur Miller, also invited, sent a telegram to the White House: “When the guns boom, the arts die.” Singer Eartha Kitt was invited to a luncheon on the White House lawn and shocked all those present by speaking out, in the presence of the President’s wife, against the war. A teenager, called to the White House to accept a prize, came and criticized the war. In Hollywood, local artists erected a 60-foot Tower of Protest on Sunset Boulevard. At the National Book Award ceremonies in New York, fifty authors and publishers walked out on a speech by Vice-President Humphrey in a display of anger at his role in the war.

In mid-1965, in McComb, Mississippi, young blacks who had just learned that a classmate of theirs was killed in Vietnam distributed a leaflet:

No Mississippi Negroes should be fighting in Viet Nam for the White man’s freedom, until all the Negro People are free in Mississippi.Negro boys should not honor the draft here in Mississippi. Mothers should encourage their sons not to go. …

No one has a right to ask us to risk our lives and kill other Colored People in Santo Domingo and Viet Nam, so that the White American can get richer.

GANG RELATED

The French newspaper Le Monde reported that in four months, 109 soldiers of the first air cavalry division were charged with refusal to fight. “A common sight,” the correspondent for Le Monde wrote, “is the black soldier, with his left fist clenched in defiance of a war he has never considered his own.

” Regarding the radical nature of those who promote slavery, Abraham Lincoln wrote, “The question recurs, what will satisfy them? This and this only: cease to call slavery wrong and join them in calling it right. And this must be done thoroughly—done in acts as well as in words. Silence will not be tolerated—we must place ourselves avowedly with them. Holding as they do, that slavery is morally right and socially elevating…”

Workers subcontracted by Shell Oil Company clean up an oil spill from an abandoned Shell Petroleum Development Company well in Oloibiri, Niger Delta. Wellhead 14 was closed in 1977 but has been leaking for years, and in June of 2004 it finally released an oil spill of over 20,000 barrels of crude oil.

David Barrow lamented the “strange doctrine of the Christian church

that forbids ministers to condemn sin simply because it is authorized by the government.”

Dred Scott said Blacks were nonpersons.

“All men are created equal.

They are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights; among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.” Just as the Americans in 1776 had listed their grievances against the English King, the Vietnamese listed their complaints against French rule:

They have enforced inhuman laws…. They have built more prisons than schools. They have mercilessly slain our patriots, they have drowned uprisings in rivers of blood. They have fettered public opinion…. They have robbed us of our rice fields, our mines, our forests, and our raw materials… .They have invented numerous unjustifiable taxes and reduced our people, especially our peasantry, to a state of extreme poverty. …

…from the end of last year, to the beginning of this year . . . more than two million of our fellow-citizens died of starvation. .. .

The whole Vietnamese people, animated by a common purpose, are determined to fight to the bitter end against any attempt by the French colonialists to reconquer their country.

The U.S. Defense Department study of the Vietnam war, intended to be “top secret” but released to the public by Daniel Ellsberg and Anthony Russo in the famous Pentagon Papers case, described Ho Chi Minh’s work: .. . Ho had built the Viet Minh into the only Vietnam-wide political organization capable of effective resistance to either the Japanese or the French. He was the only Vietnamese wartime leader with a national following, and he assured himself wider fealty among the Vietnamese people when in August-September, 1945, he overthrew the Japanese . .. established the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, and staged receptions for in-coming allied occupation forces.. .. For a few weeks in September, 1945, Vietnam was—for the first and only time in its modern history—free of foreign domination, and united from north to south under Ho Chi Minh. .. .

Between October 1945 and February 1946, Ho Chi Minh wrote eight letters to President Truman, reminding him of the self-determination promises of the Atlantic Charter. One of the letters was sent both to Truman and to the United Nations:

I wish to invite attention of your Excellency for strictly humanitarian reasons to following matter. Two million Vietnamese died of starvation during winter of 1944 and spring 1945 because of starvation policy of French who seized and stored until it controlled all available rice. … Three- fourths of cultivated land was flooded in summer 1945, which was followed by a severe drought; of normal harvest five-sixths was lost. … Many people are starving. .. . Unless great world powers and international relief organizations bring us immediate assistance we face imminent catastrophe…Southeast Asia, especially Malaya and Indonesia, is the principal world source of natural rubber and tin, and a producer of petroleum and other strategically important commodities. … Earlier in 1963, Kennedy’s Undersecretary of State, U. Alexis Johnson, was speaking before the Economic Club of Detroit:

What is the attraction that Southeast Asia has exerted for centuries on the great powers flanking it on all sides? Why is it desirable, and why is it important? First, it provides a lush climate, fertile soil, rich natural resources, a relatively sparse population in most areas, and room to expand. The countries of Southeast Asia produce rich exportable surpluses such as rice, rubber, teak, corn, tin, spices, oil, and many others. ..Truman never replied.

In South Africa, we could not have achieved our freedom and just peace without the help of people around the world, who through the use of non-violent means, such as boycotts and divestment, encouraged their governments and other corporate actors to reverse decades-long support for the Apartheid regime.
Desmond Tutu
Read more at http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/boycott.html#UwI7XO5pq2fwUAzY.99

While the majority of Negroes in the United States do not rush to join the NOI, many seem to respect it. Among those who do not join, few participate in any criticism of it. The Muslim advocacy of black supremacy arouses the sympathy of many Negroes. They silently applaud the boldness of Elijah and his ministers, who openly condemn white people. This taps sentiments of racial pride which seldom find avenues of expression. The Muslims’ repeated appeals for clean living, self-respect, and self-uplift independent of the white community apparently have gained considerable respect among American Negroes. They approve of the way the Muslims live. Lacking knowledge of the complete teachings of the cult, some Negroes see the economic advantages only. Attracted by constant publicity about the claimed rehabilitation of criminals, and seeing the many photographs of well-dressed ministers and members of the elite guard, Fruit of Islam (FOI), they are impressed with the apparent success the NOI has had in bettering conditions of these members. They feel that anything that could help the Negro must be good.

FOR CLEAN

WATER

Earlier this year, an advisory panel of public health experts recommended a groundbreaking shift in federal dietary guidelines, advising the U.S. Department of Agriculture and Health and Human Services to adopt a public policy that promotes food that is good for both our health and the environment.

N.O.I. Security Agency

In 1988 the Nation of Islam (N.O.I) created a separate security agency using members of the Fruit of Islam. The agency received contracts primarily to patrol and staff public housing complexes in tough urban areas like Baltimore, Washington, D.C., Philadelphia, Chicago, and Los Angeles and received at least $20 million in the 1990s for security work.

Getting past the new found fear perception pirported by ADL and Law enforcement. Through its Law Enforcement Education Program (LEEP), JINSA claims to have arranged Israeli-led training sessions for over 9000 American law enforcement officials at the federal, state and municipal level. “The Israelis changed the way we do business regarding homeland security in New Jersey,” Richard Fuentes, the NJ State Police Superintendent, said after attending a 2004 JINSA-sponsored Israel trip and a subsequent JINSA conference alongside 435 other law enforcement officers.

Two former JINSA advisors who have also consulted for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, Douglas Feith and Richard Perle, went on to serve in the Department of Defense under President George W. Bush, playing influential roles in the push to invade and occupy Iraq.

NOI Security had notable successes in Washington, D.C. projects particularly, but had difficulty in others and faced opposition by some members of Congress and the Anti-Defamation League, among others. It also faced scrutiny from federal agencies for racial and gender preference in hiring and from the IRS for failure to withhold taxes from employees.[4][5][6][7]

respect and calm is returning to Flag. And Baltimore housing officials and tenants give a large share of the credit to the unarmed, bow-tie-wearing guards from Baltimore-based N.O.I. Security Agency Inc.

“These guys are more involved with the community than any other security people who worked over here,” says Derrick Turpin, 26, a lifelong Flag resident. “Sometimes, they have their [news]papers out there and the bean pies. You can see some of the young kids around here look up to them; they even want to put on bow ties.”

The company is finding success where the police and other security guards have failed. Some say it is because of the respect the Nation of Islam enjoys in many African-American communities for the clean, disciplined lifestyles .

NOI also benefits from respectful image of the Fruit of Islam, an elite security force that serves as bodyguards for Mr. Farrakhan and provided protection for the Rev. Jesse Jackson during part of his 1984 presidential bid.

Whatever the reason, Baltimore housing officials say NOI has virtually eliminated violent crime in three high-rise buildings at Flag. Housing officials have since broadened the group’s no-bid contract to include several buildings at the Lafayette Courts and Lexington Terrace developments.

Hemp

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about industrial and foodstuff products that are derived from hemp cultivars of the Cannabis plant. For the usage of Cannabis as a drug, see Cannabis supplemnts. For other uses, see Hemp (disambiguation).

Hemp (from Old Englishhænep) is a commonly used term for high-growing varieties of the Cannabis plant and its products, which include fiber, oil, and seed. Hemp is refined into products such as hemp seed foods, hemp oil, wax, resin, rope, cloth, pulp, paper, and fuel.

Other variants of the herb Cannabis are widely used as a drug, commonly known as marijuana. These variants are typically low-growing and have higher content of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and other cannabinoids. The legality of Cannabis varies widely from country to country, and from state to state in the United States. In many countries regulatory limits for concentrations of psychoactive drug compounds, particularly THC, in hemp require the use of strains of the plant which are bred for low content.[1]

(and a history of getting black men with records moving in a more productive direction), are folks like the Rev. Jeremiah Wright, whose tenure at Trinity United Church of Christ, in Chicago, involved multiple initiatives aimed at addressing violence and crime on the South Side. Oh, and needless to say they don’t praise groups like the NOI, which have a long track record of effective anti-crime initiatives in urban communities (and a history of getting black men with records moving in a more productive direction), or folks like the Rev. Jeremiah Wright, whose tenure at Trinity United Church of Christ, in Chicago, involved multiple initiatives aimed at addressing violence and crime on the South Side.

ALGEBRA OUR WAY TODAY

Google+ By Introducing baby to algebra as early as the baby shower via algebra themed baby beginnings, such as: mobiles, room plaques, pacifiers and other baby algebra paraphernalia, we inundate baby with the message that algebra is important to baby and family tradition.

Baby algebra uses pictures and key words to help Baby to generalize and grasp algebra concepts. Therefore, we can think our way through the stepping-stones called tests.

While Colors and images react. Colors with one side of the brain, images with the other side of the brain, together, create and complete the learning process inherent at birth. WALLA! Baby does algebra. Algebra is Art Google+

(also black flag) describes covert operations designed to deceive in such a way that the operations appear as though they are being carried out by entities, groups, or nations other than those who actually planned and executed them.

law enforcement activities under the USA PATRIOT Act are reminiscent of Hoover’s Counter Intelligence Program (COINTELPRO), which spied on and infiltrated Martin Luther King, Jr., the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, the Congress on Racial Equality, the Black Panthers, anti-war groups, and any other members of the “New Left” (including former Beatle John Lennon). This program was ruled a threat to a free society by the Church Commission in 1976. One notable quote from the Church Commission’s final report seems to have great relevance for today: “… the violent acts of political terrorists can seriously endanger the rights of Americans. Carefully focused intelligence investigations can help prevent such acts. But too often intelligence has lost this focus and domestic intelligence activities have invaded individual privacy and violated the rights of lawful assembly and political expression” (Select Committee to Study Government Operations, 1976).

the Historical Research Department of the Nation of Islam, based 100% on Jewish (oftentimes rabbinical) and philo-Semitic sources, unequivocally demonstrates that the torturous, inhuman and genocidal Transatlantic Slave Trade was an endeavor dominated by Jews, going back to the very beginnings of it in Brazil and Surinam. Despite a systematic smear campaign still going on to this day, the Jewish-Zionist Power Configuration has failed miserably in refuting the scholarly volumes because of the meticulous sourcing.

Terrorism based on mere facts and statistics is not and never was a factual issue but a political issue transforming America to a police state no different from Israel.

As such the entire shift of the American police doctrine from fighting common ground to fighting terrorism is ill advised and ill founded and undermines the very nature between American citizens and their local police force.

The USA PATRIOT Act is an Act of Congress that was signed into law by PresidentGeorge W. Bush on October 26, 2001. Its title is a ten-letter backronym (USA PATRIOT) that stands for “Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001″.[1]

drove a stake through the heart of the Bill of Rights, violating at least six of the ten original amendments—the First, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Amendments—and possibly the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments, as well. The Patriot Act also redefined terrorism so broadly that many non-terrorist political activities such as protest marches, demonstrations and civil disobedience were considered potential terrorist acts, thereby rendering anyone desiring to engage in protected First Amendment expressive activities as suspects of the surveillance state.

The law also granted the FBI the right to come to your place of employment, demand your personal records and question your supervisors and fellow employees, all without notifying you; allowed the government access to your medical records, school records and practically every personal record about you; and allowed the government to secretly demand to see records of books or magazines you’ve checked out in any public library and Internet sites you’ve visited (at least 545 libraries received such demands in the first year following passage of the Patriot Act).

rather than expiring quietly, those provisions are once again up for reauthorization on May 28, thanks to the handiwork of Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner (R-Wis.), a senior member of the House Judiciary Committee, with backing from Reps. Lamar Smith (R-Texas) and Mike Rogers (R-Mich.), the chairmen of the Judiciary and Intelligence committees, respectively. Unfortunately, not only are Sensenbrenner and his cohorts pushing to extend the first two controversial provisions (allowing “roving wiretaps” of phones used by terror suspects and allowing federal investigators to compel production of business records) for six more years, they have also proposed making permanent the “lone wolf” provision, allowing the government to monitor individuals who they believe are terrorists even though they might not have ties to a specific group.

The McCarthy era and the wiretapping of Martin Luther King Jr. illustrated, the government’s amassing of power, especially in relation to its ability to spy on Americans, predates the passage of the Patriot Act in 2001.

Yet what the Patriot Act and its subsequent incarnations did was legitimize what had previously been covert and frowned upon as a violation of Americans’ long-cherished privacy rights. Thus, what began with the passage of the USA Patriot Act in the fall of 2001 has snowballed into a massive assault on our constitutional freedoms, our system of government and our fundamental philosophies and way of life.

What To Do At A DUI Roadblock

By William Pangman, a past president and inventor of the Wisconsin Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers.

What is a driver obliged to do when run up against with a police backup way to go?

The United States Supreme Court got together a response to this appeal in Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz, 110 S.Ct. 2481 (1990). In Sitz, a get-together of Michigan drivers attempted the authenticity of an interstate limitation check-point used by the Michigan State Police. The essential check-point worked in Michigan was in Saginaw County. The operation proceeded for 60 minutes and fifteen minutes and each vehicle encountering the designated extent was ceased for pretty just about 25 seconds. Precisely when officers recognized that the drivers finished at the check-point may be affected by an intoxicant, those vehicles were asked to draw in over to the side of the street and drivers were asked for to perform field leveling tests.

Out of the 126 drivers which encountered the check-point, just three drivers were asked to compel over. These truths were clearly essential to Supreme Court Chief Justice Rehnquist, who made the appraisal for the lion’s offer. The Court certified that the Michigan check-point, under the feelings and circumstances showed, did not make a mind boggling interruption on specific’s certification under the Fourth Amendment.

Rehnquist joined a three-point changing test to comprehend if constraint check-concentrates with everything considered are sensible under the Fourth Amendment. This test included adjusting the State’s vitality for anticipating incidents made by intoxicated drivers, the sensibility of the parity check- packs in completing the objective, and the level of impedance on a specific’s made right to security brought on by the check-focuses.

The Chief Justice considered that nobody could truly investigate the compass of the put driving issue or the State’s vitality for wrecking it. Additionally, Rehnquist found that a 25 second yield in travel was insignificantly meddling with driver’s rights, particularly considering the way that voyaging drivers could kill the street when they saw the backup way to go, or make U-turns to avoid encountering it. As to the sensibility of the limitation check-point, the court held that the system was extreme, notwithstanding the way that just 1 of the 126 drivers finished was gotten.

In the last examination, it is at present the law that from a shaky Fourth Amendment outlook, nondiscriminatory limitation check-concentrates by and large are not weird. Remember that other Fourth Amendment issues with parity check-focuses may exist when specific drivers encountering the check-point are asked to draw over.

Police don’t have the profit, for the most part, to check driver’s licenses or enlistments when the stop is not started by an infringement. Regardless, where the police have a sensible suspicion of unlawful behavior, despite the path that there is not authentic infringement of the law they may inspect drivers’ licenses or enlistment.

In the Sitz case, officers were not permitted to make a driver commute over and demonstrate his/her permit or check the driver’s enrollment unless the officer saw indications of inebriation. Moreover, a driver never needs to agree to a police solicitation of his or her individual or vehicle, yet, the police may make such an investment even without the driver’s assent when either: 1) they have sensible backing to recognize the vehicle contains stash or the trademark things or instrumentalities of a wrongdoing; 2) when the driver has been set caught; or 3) they may make a visual overview of inside voyager compartment from the officer’s position outside the vehicle, to watch unlawful articles on display.

As to the level of drivers rights; when tenants are run up against with improvised courses, they ought to be wonderful. On the off chance that they don’t cut down their window it makes the feeling that the officer’s suspicion would be raised and, in any occasion, may give the officer grounds to require the driver to pull in over to the side of the street.

After beginning contact with the hindrance, nationals might beneficently abatement to answer any of the officer’s solicitation. The running with is an example of a declaration of rights that can be reiterated and accommodated an officer at a bar:

the world’s leading organization fighting anti-Semitism through programs and services that counteract hatred, prejudice and bigotry.

New York, NY, July 22, 2005

The Anti-Defamation League (ADL) called legislation approved yesterday in the House to reauthorize sections of the USA PATRIOT Act, “a measured response to the legitimate threat of terrorism” and urged Congress to continue to build additional safeguards and reporting requirements into the legislation as it moves to the Senate. The League discussed the reauthorization of the PATRIOT Act in a meeting last month with Attorney General Alberto Gonzales

Sunset Provision

DEFINITION of ‘Sunset Provision’

A clause in a statute, regulation or similar piece of legislation that provides for an automatic repeal of the entire or sections of a law once a specific date is reached. Once the sunset provision date is reached, the pieces of legislation mentioned in the clause are rendered void. If the government wishes to extend the length of time for which the law in question will be in effect, it can push back the sunset provision date any time before it is reached.

INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS ‘Sunset Provision’

The purpose of a sunset provision is generally to allow lawmakers to institute a law when change or government action is required reasonably quickly, when the long-term ramifications of the law in question are difficult or impossible to foresee, or when circumstances warrant such a legal structure.

A good example of legislation warranting a sunset provision is the

U.S.A. Patriot Act. Intended to address relatively short-term security concerns following the events of September 11, 2001, the act, when it was initially drafted, included a sunset provision for December 31, 2005.

ADL stressed the importance of the original sunset provisions for certain provisions of the act. Now that the House has removed most of those provisions, ADL will press for continuing, robust Congressional oversight, for accountability and transparency in implementing the powers granted under the Act, for appropriate administrative reporting requirements and for opportunities for meaningful judicial review of these provisions.

Ferguson, Mo is not about the militarization’s of America’s police force. It is and should be about the “Israelization” of America’s police force in equipment, training, ideology, perception and doctrine. The days of “to serve and protect” are long gone, given way to the new doctrine imported from Israel where “citizens” are the enemies, especially if they are Blacks, Hispanic, Muslims, Arabs or White Leftist and liberals. We have seen this transformation in the way the local police dealt with the “Occupy Wall Street” and how it dealt with the citizen’s protest in Ferguson, MO.

We should not be surprised with this massive earth-shattering shift in attitude, philosophy and doctrine. Michael Chertoff of Homeland Security, the ADL and Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA) made sure that law enforcement agencies in the United States view citizens, all citizens as “potential terrorists” and should be dealt with as “terrorists”.

Americans are no more citizens with constitutional rights of free speech, free assembly, with the rights to petition governments, with rights against illegal search and seizure, Miranda and Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination. These rights do not exist and never existed In Israel especially to none “ Jewish” residents or citizens of the State of Israel, let alone the 4 million Palestinians Arabs under Occupation, who have NO rights whatsoever other than being potential and or terrorists.

This is the United States of America, and America is not an “Occupied Territories” with Apartheid Wall, barbed wires, separate roads for Jews and non-Jews, land theft an seizure, home demolition and marauding gangs of Jewish settlers. Unless we thing of Congress and the White House as an “Israeli Occupied Territories”. Here we are citizens, not an the “enemy” resident of “occupied territories.

Israeli Propaganda False Flags

In 1990, when Dick Cheney was Secretary of Defense, Congress passed the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), which contained Section 1208, authorizing the Secretary of Defense to “transfer to Federal and State agencies personal property of the Department of Defense, including small arms and ammunition, that the Secretary determines is suitable for use by such agencies in counter-drug activities; and excess to the needs of the Department of Defense.” The “1208 Program” thus established, was updated in 1996 and became the “1033 Program” after Section 1033 of that year’s NDAA. 1033 created a Law Enforcement Support Office within the Defense Logistics Agency to manage the dispursal.

Not surprisingly, given Dick Cheney’s close ties to major defense contractors, the program was boon to the arms industry. Police and sheriffs departments around the country received old military hardware, including humvees and other armored vehicles, which required ongoing maintenance contracts, spare parts, etc. The program clearly established a militarization of police and sheriffs forces that has proceeded apace ever since.

Feds to investigate high generic drug prices

TEVA Pharmaceuticals in Kfar Sava, Israel

Today, is the world’s biggest generic-drug maker and a major force in the U.S. market. It fills more prescriptions for Americans than any other company except Pfizer Inc. Teva expects revenue of about $4.5 billion this year, twice the amount of the next-largest generic maker although only a fraction of the more than $52 billion in revenue Pfizer expects this year.

Generic drugs increased in price from 2013 to 2014, according to an analysis of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data provided by the two lawmakers.

The highest markup was for a 500 mg capsule of the antibiotic tetracycline, which skyrocketed from a nickel per capsule to $8.53 per capsule, a boost of more than 17,000 percent, according to the analysis.

We’ve got to get to the bottom of these enormous price increases,” Sanders said Tuesday.

In addition to examining prices, the administration will investigate applying a rebate provision in the Social Security Act to generic drugs.

The provision requires brand-name drug makers to issue a rebate to customers if their drug goes past a certain price.

President Obama included in his budget a proposal to allow the government to negotiate with drug companies to get a lower price for Medicare and Medicaid-covered drugs. The practice is used in Europe to drive down prices, but it is for the general public.

Purports: The lead­ers of the New Black Pan­ther Party (NBPP), the largest orga­nized anti-Semitic and racist Black mil­i­tant group in Amer­ica, trav­eled to Fer­gu­son, Mis­souri, inflam­ing the already tense sit­u­a­tion fol­low­ing the fatal shoot­ing of unarmed teenager Michael Brown by police.

Police say Gray is acting “irate” in the back of the van. The van is stopped and Gray is placed in leg shackles and repositioned in the van. Some residents describe a violent encounter.

irate |ʌɪˈreɪt|
adjective
feeling or characterized by great anger: a barrage of irate letters.

The man said that Rice and other officers moved toward him, blocking his view of the van. They didn’t ask him to stop recording, but Rice took out his Taser and threatened to use it if he didn’t leave, the man said.

Gross is then heard telling her neighbor, “Let’s walk away.” After that, both of them left.

Shortly after Gray’s death, police posted fliers around the area asking residents with video of the incident to come forward. A police news release on April 16 stated that when the van departed from Mount and Baker streets, video evidence indicated that Gray was “conscious and speaking.”

It is unclear which video police are referring to; neither the cellphone video taken with Gross’ phone nor the security camera initially released by police reveals Gray speaking or moving.

Gross said police never reached out to her for the cellphone video footage and she has not spoken to them.

Gray’s death still upsets Gross. She has seen police beatings portrayed on television but has never known anyone who died from alleged brutality — certainly not someone she used to call “son.”

She said, “He won’t be calling me Mom anymore.”

He won’t be calling me mom anymore.– Michelle Gross, known in Gilmor Homes as “mom,” on Freddie Gray.

The disparate treatment in the American criminal justice system begins at the very first stage of that system:

THE TALK

“In a time of universal deceit, telling the truth is a revolutionary act.” — George Orwell

Statutory limitations on individual freedoms guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution are examined for substantive authority and content as well as for definiteness or certainty of expression. The void-for-vagueness doctrine requires that a penal statute define the criminal offense with sufficient definiteness that ordinary people can understand what conduct is prohibited and in a manner that does not encourage arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement. Vague Terms like acting Irate, resisting, gang are undefinable as a human action. successful as

Florida v. Royer, 460 U. S. 491, 500 (1983) (plurality opinion). I am not persuaded that the mere fact that someone standing on a sidewalk looked in the direction of a passing car before starting to run is sufficient to justify a forcible stop and frisk.

The disparate treatment in the American criminal justice system begins at the very first stage of that system: Equal Protection Clause

Probable cause and reasonable suspicion are two of the most important concepts in deciding the when it is appropriate for police to make an arrest, search for evidence and stop a person for questioning.

The investigation of suspected criminal activity by law enforcement agents.

Police departments disproportionately politically economically target, skewing at the outset the racial composition of the population ultimately charged, convicted and incarcerated. And too often the police employ tactics against minorities that simply shock the conscience.

The Court hinted that the California statute compromised the constitutional right to freedom of movement.[Note 1][Note 2]]

The Constitution does not offer a definition probable cause.-Making Probable Cause a “Black Code” Reason

“weighs testimony, whilst the latter, conscious perhaps of its inability to do so or careless of the consequences of error, at times rejects whole portions en masse , and at others converts pieces of evidence into rules of law by investing with conclusive effect some whose probative force has been found to be in general considerable. . . .” SCOTUS

SCOTUS–How

do

Cops

Lie? By Generalities Terms

The Court hinted that the California statute compromised the constitutional right to freedom of movement.[Note 1][Note 2]]

African Americans arrested and convicted under the Black Codes could be, and usually were, forced to work on plantations. Since most African-Americans had until recently been unpaid slaves, few possessed money to pay the fines assessed for their “crimes.”

The first private prison in the U.S. was an immigration detention center. In 1983, CCA won the first federal contract to build a facility in Houston, Texas. Before the facility was even finished, CCA began detaining immigrants in rented motel rooms.

These companies have an incentive to urge the government to build more jails, and in fact, regularly lobby in Washington, DC for more detention, even if it is not the most effective use of taxpayer dollars.

Corrections Corporation of America “We’ve never seen the wind at our back like it is today.” -CCA President and CEO John D. Ferguson, May 2006

Children are tortured in police custody. They are held in prisons in inhuman and degrading conditions. They are denied the due process which should guarantee them fair trials. They are held for years without charge. They are forgotten by the world that walks past the bars of their existence.

These laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. These laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans’ freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt.

Ronald Brockmeyer, the municipal judge in Ferguson, has resigned less than a week after a scathing federal report called his court little more than an ATM for the city. And the Missouri Supreme Court has ordered all Ferguson municipal court cases transferred to Judge Roy L. Richter of the Court of Appeals for the Eastern District of Missouri.

Ferguson collected $2.6 million in court fines and fees. Ferguson officials “have built a municipal scheme designed to brutalize, to punish, and to profit.”

Plus 2. Blue fed Tax dollars also pay the tab for the same in-mate care.

GEO Group is one of the largest security firms in the world and the nation’s second largest for-profit prison operator. GEO operates 50 facilities in 16 states and one in Guantanamo Bay.

In 2008, GEO Group earned $1.14 billion in U.S. revenue with a net income of $59.8 million.

CCA has been able to charge up to $200/day per bed in the Don T. Hutto family Immigration detention facility in Texas.

Plus 3. Private prisons profit on the Free-prison Labor .

Plus 4. Forfeitures are available to arresting officers.

Being paid for the same fees by all cycles of the prison industry lends to motive, lack of probable cause and enforcement of Black Codes.

Last year, NPR’s investigative series Guilty and Charged revealed that all 50 states add long lists of fines and fees for court services, including the cost of a public defender, and room and board for jail stays. The investigation also found that when the poor struggle to pay those fees — often with penalties that push costs to hundreds or thousands of dollars — they are sent to jail for not paying the fines, even though debtors prisons were outlawed before the Civil War.

Probable cause and reasonable suspicion are two of the most important concepts in deciding the when it is appropriate for police to make an arrest, search for evidence and stop a person for questioning. Probable cause and reasonable suspicion have evolved through state and federal court decisions, but they began in the U.S. Supreme Court.

“A person, however conscious of innocence, might not have courage to stand a trial, but might, although innocent, think it necessary to consult his safety by flight. It may be,”

added the learned judge,

“a conscious anticipation of punishment for guilt, as the guilty will always anticipate the

Page 160 U. S. 419

consequences; but at the same time it may possibly be, according to the frame of mind, merely an inclination to consult his safety by flight, rather than stand his trial on a charge so heinous and scandalous as this.”

to the United States Constitution states that people have the right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures. It goes on to specify that a search warrant cannot be issued unless there is probable cause for doing so.

The Constitution does not offer a definition probable cause.-Making probable Cause a “Black Code”

Providing a definition was left to the justices of the Supreme Court.

The Supreme Court has interpreted the Fourth Amendment use of the word “seizure” to mean both the seizure of evidence and, as in an arrest, the seizure of a person. The Court also applied probable cause to searches, seizures and arrests conducted without a warrant.

According to the Supreme Court, probable cause to make an arrest exists when an officer has knowledge of such facts as would lead a reasonable person to believe that a particularindividual is committing, has committed or is about to commit a criminal act. The officer must be able to articulate the facts and circumstances forming the basis for probable cause.

Black Codes and Stop and Frisk: A body of laws,statutes,andrulesenacted by southernstatesimmediatelyaftertheCivilWar to regaincontroloverthefreedslaves,maintainwhitesupremacy,andensurethecontinuedsupply of cheaplabor.

TheUnion’svictoryovertheSouth in theCivilWarsignaledtheendfortheinstitution of Slavery in theUnitedStates.Ratified in 1865,theThirteenth Amendment to theU.S.Constitutionformalizedthisresult in U.S.law,abolishingslaverythroughoutthecountryandeveryterritorysubject to itsjurisdiction.

Scheme:For thenextseveralmonths,southernstatessought a way to restoreforthewhitemajoritywhattheCivilWarandtheThirteenthAmendmenthadtried to denythem,supremacy,control,andeconomicpoweroverthefate of AfricanAmericans.

Underslavery,whiteshaddisciplinedtheblackslargelyoutsidethelaw,throughextralegalwhippingsadministered by slaversandtheiroverseers.

Using the construction of the California appellate court in Solomon, the Court held that the law was unconstitutionally vague because it gave excessive discretion to the police (in the absence of probable cause to arrest) whether to stop and interrogate a suspect or leave him alone.[3] The Court hinted that the California statute compromised the constitutional right to freedom of movement.[Note 1][Note 2]]

TheMississippilegislaturenextpassed a Vagrancylaw,definingvagrants as workerswho“neglectedtheircalling or employment or misspentwhattheyearned.”

AnotherMississippilawrequiredAfricanAmericans to:

carrywiththemwrittenevidence of theirpresentemployment at alltimes, a practicethatwashauntinglyreminiscent of theoldpasssystemunderslavery.

Thefinalpiece to thepuzzlecamewhenMississippiestablished a system of specialcountycourts to punishblackschargedwithviolatingone of thenewstateemploymentlaws.Thelawimposeddraconianpunishments,including“corporalchastisement”forblackswhorefused to work or otherwisetried to [frustrate] thesystem.AfricanAmericanswhocommittedrealcrimes,such as stealing,could be hung by theirthumbs.

Prison IndustryWidelyconsidered to be thefirstset of BlackCodes passed in thesouthaftertheCivilWar,theseMississippilawsrepresented a concertedeffort by whitelawmakers to restorethemaster-slaverelationshipunder a newname.Within a fewmonthsafterMississippipasseditsfirstsuchlaw,Alabama,Georgia,Louisiana,Florida,Tennessee,Virginia,and NorthCarolina followedsuit by enactingsimilarlaws of theirown.

Congressquicklyresponded to theBlackCodes by passingthe civilrightsact of 1866,whichmade it illegal to discriminateagainstblacks by assigningthem an inferiorlegalandeconomicstatus.Twoyearslaterthestatesratifiedthe Fourteenth Amendment, whichguaranteed“equalprotection of thelaws” to theresidents of everystate.

Butthesouthernstateswerenotdeterred.Theysoonpassed a newset of lawsthatpermittedlocalofficials to informallydiscriminateagainstblacks,withoutspecificstatutoryauthority.Thethrust-and-parryexchangesbetweenCongressandthesouthernstatescontinuedthroughouttheperiodReconstruction(1865-77)andthroughthefirsthalf of thetwentiethcentury.

The first private prison in the U.S. was an immigration detention center. In 1983, CCA won the first federal contract to build a facility in Houston, Texas. Before the facility was even finished, CCA began detaining immigrants in rented motel rooms.

A brief, non-intrusive, police stop of a suspect. The Fourth Amendment requires that the police have a reasonable suspicion that a crime has been, is being, or is about to be committed before stopping a suspect. If the police reasonably suspect the person is armed and dangerous, they may conduct a frisk, a quick pat-down of the person’s outer clothing. See Terry v Ohio, 392 US 1, (1967).

Terry v. OhioEven assuming we know that a person runs because he sees the police, the inference to be drawn may still vary from case to case. Flight to escape police detection, we have said, may have an entirely innocent motivation: “[I]t is a matter of common knowledge that men who are entirely innocent do sometimes fly from the scene of a crime through fear of being apprehended as the guilty parties, or from an unwillingness to appear as witnesses.

Nor is it true as an accepted axiom of criminal law that `the wicked flee when no man pursueth, but the righteous are as bold as a lion.‘

Innocent men sometimes hesitate to confront a jury–not necessarily because they fear that the jury will not protect them, but because they do not wish their names to appear in connection with criminal acts, are humiliated at being obliged to incur the popular odium of an arrest and trial, or because they do not wish to be put to the annoyance or expense of defending themselves.”Alberty v. United States, 162 U. S. 499, 511 (1896).

The probative force of the inferences

to be drawn from flight

Running while black as probable cause?

Running While Black

is a function of the varied circumstances in which it occurs. Sometimes those inferences are entirely consistent with the presumption of innocence, sometimes they justify further investigation, and sometimes they justify an immediate stop and search for weapons.

Freddie Gray Police Report and why cops lie: Lack of Probable Cause as described by Law

These considerations have led us to avoid categorical rules concerning a person’s flight and the presumptions to be drawn therefrom:

“Few things distinguish an enlightened system of judicature from a rude and barbarous one more than the manner in which they deal with evidence. The former weighs testimony, whilst the latter, conscious perhaps of its inability to do so or careless of the consequences of error, at times rejects whole portions en masse , and at others converts pieces of evidence into rules of law by investing with conclusive effect some whose probative force has been found to be in general considerable. . . .

Our ancestors, observing that guilty persons usually fled from justice, adopted the hasty conclusion that it was only the guilty who did so . . . so that under the old law, a man who fled to avoid being tried for felony forfeited all his goods even though he were acquitted … .

In modern times more correct views have prevailed, and the evasion of or flight from justice seems now nearly reduced to its true place in the administration of the criminal law, namely, that of a circumstance—

a fact which it is always of importance to take into consideration, and combined with others may afford strong evidence of guilt, but which, like any other piece of presumptive evidence,

in short, describes a category of activity too broad and varied to permit a per se reasonable inference regarding the motivation for the activity. While the innocent explanations surely do not establish that the Fourth Amendment is always violated whenever someone is stopped solely on the basis of an unprovoked flight,

neither do the suspicious motivations establish that the Fourth Amendment is never violated when a Terry stop is predicated on that fact alone. For these reasons, the Court is surely correct in refusing to embrace either per se rule advocated by the parties. The totality of the circumstances, as always, must dictate the result. 13

II

Guided by that totality-of-the-circumstances test, the Court concludes that Officer Nolan had reasonable suspicion to stop respondent. Ante , at 5. In this respect, my view differs from the Court’s. The entire justification for the stop is articulated in the brief testimony of Officer Nolan. Some facts are perfectly clear; others are not. This factual insufficiency leads me to conclude that the Court’s judgment is mistaken.

Respondent Wardlow was arrested a few minutes after noon on September 9, 1995. 183 Ill. 2d 306, 308, n. 1, 701 N. E. 2d 484, 485, n. 1 (1998). 14 Nolan was part of an eight-officer, four-car caravan patrol team. The officers were headed for “one of the areas in the 11th District [of Chicago] that’s high [in] narcotics traffic.” App. 8. 15 The reason why four cars were in the caravan was that “[n]ormally in these different areas there’s an enormous amount of people, sometimes lookouts, customers.” Ibid. Officer Nolan testified that he was in uniform on that day, but he did not recall whether he was driving a marked or an unmarked car. Id., at 4.

Officer Nolan and his partner were in the last of the four patrol cars that “were all caravaning eastbound down Van Buren.” Id., at 8. Nolan first observed respondent “in front of 4035 West Van Buren.” Id., at 7. Wardlow “looked in our direction and began fleeing.” Id., at 9. Nolan then “began driving southbound down the street observing [respondent] running through the gangway and the alley southbound,” and observed that Wardlow was carrying a white, opaque bag under his arm. Id., at 6, 9. After the car turned south and intercepted respondent as he “ran right towards us,” Officer Nolan stopped him and conducted a “protective search,” which revealed that the bag under respondent’s arm contained a loaded handgun. Id., at 9-11.

This terse testimony is most noticeable for what it fails to reveal. Though asked whether he was in a marked or unmarked car, Officer Nolan could not recall the answer. Id., at 4. He was not asked whether any of the other three cars in the caravan were marked, or whether any of the other seven officers were in uniform. Though he explained that the size of the caravan was because “[n]ormally in these different areas there’s an enormous amount of people, sometimes lookouts, customers,” Officer Nolan did not testify as to whether anyone besides Wardlow was nearby 4035 West Van Buren. Nor is it clear that that address was the intended destination of the caravan. As the Appellate Court of Illinois interpreted the record, “it appears that the officers were simply driving by, on their way to some unidentified location, when they noticed defendant standing at 4035 West Van Buren.” 287 Ill. App. 3d 367, 370-371, 678 N. E. 2d 65, 67 (1997). 16 Officer Nolan’s testimony also does not reveal how fast the officers were driving. It does not indicate whether he saw respondent notice the other patrol cars. And it does not say whether the caravan, or any part of it, had already passed Wardlow by before he began to run.

Indeed, the Appellate Court thought the record was even “too vague to support the inference that … defendant’s flight was related to his expectation of police focus on him.” Id., at 371, 678 N. E. 2d, at 67. Presumably, respondent did not react to the first three cars, and we cannot even be sure that he recognized the occupants of the fourth as police officers. The adverse inference is based entirely on the officer’s statement: “He looked in our direction and began fleeing.” App. 9. 17

No other factors sufficiently support a finding of reasonable suspicion. Though respondent was carrying a white, opaque bag under his arm, there is nothing at all suspicious about that. Certainly the time of day–shortly after noon–does not support Illinois’ argument. Nor were the officers “responding to any call or report of suspicious activity in the area.” 183 Ill. 2d, at 315, 701 N. E. 2d, at 488. Officer Nolan did testify that he expected to find “an enormous amount of people,” including drug customers or lookouts, App. 8, and the Court points out that “[i]t was in this context that Officer Nolan decided to investigate Wardlow after observing him flee.” Ante, at 4. This observation, in my view, lends insufficient weight to the reasonable suspicion analysis; indeed, in light of the absence of testimony that anyone else was nearby when respondent began to run, this observation points in the opposite direction.

The State, along with the majority of the Court, relies as well on the assumption that this flight occurred in a high crime area. Even if that assumption is accurate, it is insufficient because even in a high crime neighborhood unprovoked flight does not invariably lead to reasonable suspicion. On the contrary, because many factors providing innocent motivations for unprovoked flight are concentrated in high crime areas, the character of the neighborhood arguably makes an inference of guilt less appropriate, rather than more so. Like unprovoked flight itself, presence in a high crime neighborhood is a fact too generic and susceptible to innocent explanation to satisfy the reasonable suspicion inquiry. See Brown v. Texas, 443 U. S. 47, 52 (1979); see also n. 15, supra .

It is the State’s burden to articulate facts sufficient to support reasonable suspicion. Brown v. Texas, 443 U. S. 47, 52 (1979); see also Florida v. Royer, 460 U. S. 491, 500 (1983) (plurality opinion). In my judgment, Illinois has failed to discharge that burden. I am not persuaded that the mere fact that someone standing on a sidewalk looked in the direction of a passing car before starting to run is sufficient to justify a forcible stop and frisk.

I therefore respectfully dissent from the Court’s judgment to reverse the court below.

Black Codes

Throughout the Democratic-dominated South, state governments enacted laws designed specifically to put African-Americans back to work.

Though the South had lost the war, President Andrew Johnson, who took office after the assassination of Lincoln in April 1865, allowed former Confederate leaders back into the government with relative ease.

These “Black Codes” applied to African-Americans living in southern states.

African-Americans wandering without proof of employment faced charges of vagrancy, for example.

African Americans arrested and convicted under the Black Codes could be, and usually were, forced to work on plantations. Since most African-Americans had until recently been unpaid slaves, few possessed money to pay the fines assessed for their “crimes.”

Fourteenth Amendment

In direct response to the Black Codes, the Republican-controlled Congress passed the 14th Amendment on July 28, 1868, to guarantee citizenship and civil rights to African-Americans.

For the first time in the nation’s history, the government felt a need to define citizenship. All persons born or naturalized within the borders of the United States were automatically citizens both of the nation and the state in which they resided. African-Americans, who’d had a presence in America since 1619, generally fell into this category.

Furthermore, the amendment prevented state governments from creating laws that apply only to specific groups. This provision theoretically made the Black Codes unconstitutional.

has racist roots and remains a pretext for hassling young black men. “Too often we see an officer who may or may not understand the law arrest somebody for having an illegal knife that isn’t illegal,” Ritter tells him. “We too often see that kind of either blatant ignorance of the law or willful ignorance of the law, in an effort to abuse citizens’ rights to carry this tool.”

I NEED TO EXPRESS PROBABLY MY DEEPEST SYMPATHIES FOR THE FAMILY OF THE LOVE ONES OF MR. FREDDIE GRAY. I HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO MEET WITH HIS FAMILY TO DISCUSS SOME OF THE DETAILS OF THE CASE AND THE PROCEDURAL STEPS GOING FORWARD. I ASSURED HIS FAMILY THAT NO ONE IS ABOVE THE LAW AND THAT I WOULD PURSUE JUSTICE ON THEIR BEHALF.

TO: THE THOUSANDS OF CITY RESIDENTS AND COMMITTEE ORGANIZERS AND FAITH LEADERS THAT CHOSE TO MARCH PEACEFULLY THROUGHOUT BALTIMORE, I COMMEND YOUR COURAGE TO STAND FOR JUSTICE. I COMMEND THE BRAVE MEN AND WOMEN BOTH IN UNIFORM AND OUT WHO HAVE STEPPED UP MONDAY NIGHT TO PROTECT THEIR COMMUNITIES FROM THOSE WHO WISH TO DESTROY IT. I HAVE BEEN SWORN TO UPHOLD JUSTICE AND TREAT EVERY INDIVIDUAL EQUALLY AND FAIRLY UNDER THE LAW. I TAKE THIS OATH SERIOUSLY. I WANT THE PUBLIC TO KNOW THAT MY ADMINISTRATION IS COMMITTED TO CREATING A FAIR AND EQUITABLE

JUSTICE SYSTEM FOR ALL.

IT IS MY JOB TO ANALYZE EACH CASE. THIS IS A TREMENDOUS RESPONSIBILITY. THIS IS ONE THAT I ACCEPTED WHEN THE CITIZENS OF BALTIMORE CITY ELECTED ME. THIS IS PRECISELY WHAT I DID IN THE CASE OF FREDDIE GRAY. ONCE ALERTED ABOUT THIS INCIDENT, INVESTIGATORS FROM MY POLICE INTEGRITY UNIT WERE DEPLOYED TO INVESTIGATE THE CIRCUMSTANCES. OVER THE COURSE OF OUR INVESTIGATION, MY TEAM WORKED AROUND THE CLOCK, 12 AND 14 HOUR DAYS TO CANVAS AND INTERVIEW DOZENS OF WITNESSES.

THEY REVIEWED AND LISTEN TO HOURS OF POLICE VIDEOTAPED STATEMENTS. THEY REVIEWED MEDICAL RECORDS AND LEVERAGE THE INFORMATION MADE AVAILABLE TO US BY THE POLICE DEPARTMENT, THE COMMUNITY, AND THE FAMILY OF MR. GRAY. THE FINDINGS OF OUR COMPREHENSIVE AND APPENDED INVESTIGATION COUPLED WITH THE MEDICAL EXAMINER’S DETERMINATION THAT MR. GRAY’S DEATH WAS A HOMICIDE WHICH WE RECEIVED TODAY HAS LED US TO BELIEVE THAT WE HAVE PROBABLE CAUSE TO FILE CRIMINAL CHARGES. ON APRIL 12, NEAR NORTH AVENUE , THE TENANT BRIAN RICE WHILE ON BIKE PATROL MADE EYE CONTACT WITH MR. FREDDIE CARLOS GRAYJUNIOR.

HAVING MADE EYE CONTACT, MR. GRAY SUBSEQUENTLY RAN FROM THE TENANT RICE. THE TENANT RICE DID DISPATCHED THAT HE WAS INVOLVED IN A FOOT PURSUIT. BY PATROL OFFICERS AND OFFICERS BEGAN PURSUING MR. GRAY. HAVING COME IN CONTACT WITH THE PURSUING OFFICERS, MR. GRAY SURRENDERED TO OFFICERS IN THE VICINITY OF PRESS. STREET. THEY HANDCUFFED HIM AND MOVED

HIM TO A LOCATION A FEW FEET AWAY FROM HIS SURRENDERING LOCATION. HE WAS PLACED IN A PRONE POSITION WITH HIS ARMS HANDCUFFED BEHIND HIS BACK. HE INDICATED THAT HE COULD NOT BREATHE AND REQUESTED AN INHALER TO NO AVAIL.

THE OFFICERS PLACED HIM IN A SEATED POSITION AND FOUND A KNIFE IN HIS PANTS POCKET. THE BLADE OF THE KNIFE WAS FOLDED INTO THE HANDLE. THE KNIFE WAS NOT A SWITCHBLADE AND IS LAWFUL UNDER MARYLAND LAW. THEY REMOVED THE KNIFE AND PLACED IT ON THE SIDEWALK. HE WAS THEN PLACED BACK DOWN ON HIS STOMACH AT WHICH TIME HE BEGAN TO FLAIL HIS LEGS AND SCREAM AND HE WAS PLACED IN A RESTRAINING TECHNIQUE.

A WAGON ARRIVED TO TRANSPORT MR. GRAY.

LIEUTENANT RICE AND THE OTHERS FAILED TO ESTABLISH PROBABLE CAUSE FOR HIS ARREST AS NO CRIME HAD BEEN COMMITTED.

THE OFFICERS ILLEGALLY ARRESTED MR. GRAY. UPON ARRIVAL OF THE TRANSPORT WAGON, LIEUTENANT RICE AND THE OTHERS LOADED HIM INTO THE WAGON AND AT NO POINT WAS HE SECURED BY A SEAT ELSE WHILE IN THE WAGON CONTRARY TO ORDER.

THEY STOPPED AT BAKER STREET. AT BAKER STREET, THEY REMOVED MR. GRAY FROM THE WAGON AND PLACED FLEX CUFFS ON HIS WRIST AND LEG SHACKLES ON HIS ANKLES AND COMPLETED REQUIRED PAPERWORK.

THEY THEN LOADED HIM BACK INTO THE WAGON. THEY PLACED HIM ON HIS STOMACH HEADFIRST ONTO THE FLOOR OF THE WAGON. HE WAS NOT SECURED BY A SEATBELT IN THE WAGON. THIS IS CONTRARY TO A GENERAL ORDER.

THEY TRANSPORTED HIM TO THE CENTRAL BOOKING. FROM BAKER STREET, THEY PROCEEDED TO MOSIER STREET AND FREMONT AVENUE. THEY WENT TO THE BACK OF THE WAGON. DESPITE STOPPING FOR THE PURPOSE OF CHECKING ON MR. GRAY, AT NO POINT DID HE RENDER ANY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE FOR MR. GRAY.

OFFICER GOODSON RETURNED TO THE DRIVER’S SEAT AND PROCEEDED TO THE CENTRAL BOOKING FACILITY WITH MR. GRAY STILL UNSECURED BY HIS SEATBELT, CONTRARY TO GENERAL ORDER. SEVERAL BUCKS LATER ,

HE CALLED DISPATCH THAT HE NEEDED TO CHECK ON THE STATUS OF HIS PRISONER AND REQUESTED ADDITIONAL UNITS. BOTH OFFICERS PROCEEDED TO THE BACK OF THE WAGON TO CHECK OF THE STATUS OF MR. GRAY’S CONDITION.

MR. GRAY REQUESTED HELP AND INDICATED THAT HE COULD NOT BREATHE. OFFICER PORTER ASKED IF HE NEEDED A MEDIC. HE INDICATED AT LEAST TWICE THAT HE WAS IN NEED OF A MEDIC. OFFICER PORTER ASSISTED HIM FROM THE FLOOR TO THE VAN TO THE BENCH. DESPITE HIS APPEAL FOR A MEDIC,

BOTH ASSESSED HIS CONDITION AND

AT NO POINT DID THEY RESTRAIN HIM PER GENERAL ORDER NOR DID THEY RENDER A REQUEST. OFFICER PORTERLEFT THE VICINITY AND WENT TO ASSIST THE ARREST OF ANOTHER PRISONER AT NORTH AVENUE. (Donta Allen shared Freddie Gray’s last ride inside a paddy-wagon arrested for weed which is not an arrestable )

Donta Allen shared Freddie Gray’s last ride inside a paddy-wagon arrested for weed which is not an arrestable offense in Baltimore

DESPITE MR. GRAY’S NEED FOR MEDICAL ASSISTANCE, OFFICER GOODSON CHOSE TO RESPOND TO THE 1600 BLOCK OF NORTH AVENUE WITH MR. GRAY STILL UNSECURED IN THE WAGON AND WITHOUT RENDERING MEDICAL ASSISTANCE.

OFFICER GOODSONARRIVED AT NORTH AVENUE. HE WAS AGAIN MET BY OFFICER NERO, MILLER, LIEUTENANT RICE. ONCE THE WAGON ARRIVED, OFFICER GOODSON OPENED THE DOOR TO MAKE OBSERVATIONS OF MR. GRAY. SERGEANT ALICIA WHITEAND OFFICER PORTEROBSERVED MR. GRAY UNRESPONSIVE ON THE FLOOR OF THE WAGON.

SERGEANT WHITE WHO WAS RESPONSIBLE FOR INVESTIGATING TO CITIZENS COMPLAINTS

SPOKE TO THE BACK OF MR. GRAY’S HEAD. SHE DID NOTHING FURTHER DESPITE THE FACT THAT SHE ADVISED THAT HE NEEDED A MEDIC.

SHE DID NOT DETERMINE HIS CONDITION.

NO MEDICAL ASSISTANCE WAS RENDERED OR SUMMONED FOR MR. GRAY AT THAT TIME BY ANY OFFICER.

AFTER COMPLETING THE NORTH AVENUE ARREST AND LOADING THE ADDITIONAL PRISONER INTO THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE WAGON, OFFICER GOODSONPROCEEDED TO THE WESTERN DISTRICT POLICE STATION

CONTRARY TO THE GENERAL ORDER.

HE DID NOT RESTRAIN MR. GRAY IN THE WAGON FOR AT LEAST THE FIFTH TIME. THAT IT —

DEFENDANT WAS UNLOADED AND ESCORTED AND SECURED INSIDE THE POLICE STATION PRIOR TO ATTENDING TO

MR. GRAY. BY THE TIME OFFICER NOVAK AND SERGEANT WHITE AND ANOTHER OFFICER ATTEMPTED TO REMOVE HIM FROM THE WAGON,

HE WAS NO LONGER BREATHING AT ALL. A MEDIC WAS FINALLY CALLED TO THE SCENE.

MR. GRAY WAS NOW IN CARDIAC ARREST AND WAS CRITICALLY AND SEVERELY INJURED. MR. GRAY WAS RUSHED TO THE SHOT, WHERE HE UNDERWENT SURGERY. MR. GRAY SUCCUMBED TO HIS INJURIES AND WAS PRONOUNCED DEAD. THE MANNER OF DEATH IS DEEMED A HOMICIDE BY THE MEDICAL EXAMINER.

THIS IS THE RESULT OF AN INJURY THAT OCCURRED WHILE HE WAS UNRESTRAINED BY A SEATBELT IN THE CUSTODY OF THE BALTIMORE POLICE DEPARTMENT WAGON.

WHILE EACH OF THESE OFFICERS ARE PRESUMED INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY,

WE HAVE BROUGHT THE FOLLOWING CHARGES.

OFFICER GOODSON IS BEING CHARGED WITH SECOND-DEGREE MURDER. INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER , SECOND DEGREE NEGLIGENT ASSAULT, MANSLAUGHTER BY HIS VEHICLE, MISCONDUCT IN OFFICE AND FAILURE TO SECURE PRISONER AND FAILURE TO RENDER AID.

OFFICER PORTERIS CHARGED WITH INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER, ASSAULT IN THE SECOND DEGREE, MISCONDUCT IN OFFICE. LIEUTENANT RICE IS CHARGED WITH INVOLUNTARY MANSLAUGHTER, ASSAULT IN THE SECOND DEGREE, ASSAULT IN THE SECOND DEGREE, MISCONDUCT IN OFFICE, FALSE IMPRISONMENT.

OFFICER NEROIS CHARGED WITH ASSAULT IN THE SECOND DEGREE, INTENTIONAL. MISCONDUCT IN OFFICE, FALSE IMPRISONMENT. OFFICER MILLER IS CHARGED WITH INTENTIONAL ASSAULT IN THE SECOND DEGREE. ASSAULT IN THE SECOND DEGREE NEGLIGENT, MISCONDUCT AND FALSE IMPRISONMENT.

I AM COMMITTED TO TRANSPARENCY. WHAT I HAVE REVEALED TODAY IS NOW A MATTER OF PUBLIC RECORD. THE EVIDENCE THAT WE HAVE COLLECTED AND CONTINUE TO COLLECT CANNOT ETHICALLY BE RELEASED TO THE PUBLIC.

I CONDEMN ANYONE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT WITH ACCESS TO TRIAL EVIDENCE THAT HIS LEAKED INFORMATION PRIOR TO THE RESOLUTION OF THIS CASE. YOU ARE DAMAGING OUR ABILITY TO CONDUCT A FAIR AND IMPARTIAL PROCESS.

I HOPE THAT AS WE MOVE FORWARD WITH THE CASE, EVERYONE WILL RESPECT DUE PROCESS AND REFRAIN FROM DOING ANYTHING THAT WILL JEOPARDIZE JUSTICE. TO THE PEOPLE OF BALTIMORE AND THE DEMONSTRATORS ACROSS AMERICA, I HEARD YOUR CALL FOR JUSTICE.

YOUR PIECE IS SINCERELY NEEDED. FOR THOSE THAT ARE ANGRY, HURT, OR HAVE THEIR OWN EXPERIENCES OF INJUSTICE AT THE HANDS OF POLICE OFFICERS, CHANNEL THE ENERGY PEACEFULLY AS WE PROSECUTE THIS CASE.

I HAVE HEARD YOUR CALLS, YOUR PEACE IS NEEDED.

TO THE OFFICERS OF THE BALTIMORE POLICE DEPARTMENT, THESE ACCUSATIONS ARE NOT AN INDICTMENT OF THE ENTIRE FORCE.

MY FATHER WAS AN OFFICER AND MY MOTHER WAS AN OFFICER. MY GRANDFATHER WAS ONE OF THE FOUNDING MEMBERS OF THE FIRST BACK — BLACK POLICE FORCE. THE ACTIONS OF THESE OFFICERS WILL NOT AND SHOULD NOT IN ANY WAY DAMAGE THE IMPORTANT WORKING RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN POLICE AND PROSECUTORS AS WE CONTINUE TO FIGHT TOGETHER TO REDUCE CRIME IN BALTIMORE. THANK YOU FOR YOUR COURAGE, COMMITMENT, AND SACRIFICE.

I WANT TO THANK MY TEAM FOR WORKING AROUND-THE-CLOCK SINCE THE DAY WE LEARNED OF THIS TRAGIC INCIDENT. WE HAVE CONDUCTED AND IN DEPENDENT AND THOROUGH INVESTIGATION OF THE CASE. IT WAS LED BY MY DEPUTY STATES ATTORNEY. I LIKE TO THANK THE POLICE DEPARTMENT, PARTICULARLY MAJOR BRANFORD OF THE HOMICIDE DEPARTMENT FOR PROVIDING US WITH A HARD COPY OF THEIR INVESTIGATIVE MATERIALS YESTERDAY.

LASTLY, I WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE SHERIFF’S DEPARTMENT IN ASSISTING US WITH THIS INVESTIGATION AS AN INDEPENDENT LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY WITH POLICE POWER. TO THE GOVERNOR OF THIS STATE, THANK YOU FOR EXPEDITING THE AUTOPSY REPORT WHICH ENABLED US TO DO OUR JOBS.

TO THE YOUTH OF THIS CITY, I WILL SEEK JUSTICE ON YOUR BEHALF. THIS IS A MOMENT. LET’S ENSURE THAT WE HAVE PEACEFUL AND PRODUCTIVE RALLIES THAT WILL DEVELOP YOU ARE AT THE FOREFRONT OF THIS CAUSE. OUR TIME IS NOW.

I’M GOING TO TAKE A FEW QUESTIONS. [INAUDIBLE] WE HAVE BEEN WORKING WITH THE POLICE DEPARTMENT SINCE DAY ONE. I ALSO SENT MY OWN INVESTIGATORS TO THE SCENE. WE HAVE BEEN BRIEFED ON WHAT’S GOING ON WITH THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. WHAT WE RECEIVED FROM THE POLICE DEPARTMENT YESTERDAY WE ALREADY HAD IT. WE INDEPENDENTLY VERIFIED EVERYTHING THAT WE RECEIVED FROM THE POLICE DEPARTMENT.

IT IS A CULMINATION OF THE INVESTIGATION THAT WE CONDUCTED. HOW MANY OFFICERS HAVE BEEN ARRESTED? AWARD HAS BEEN ISSUED FOR THEIR ARREST. I KNOW THAT A WAR HAS BEEN ISSUED. WE FILED CHARGES AT ABOUT 10:00 THIS MORNING. [INAUDIBLE] WE KNEW THIS WAS A SERIOUS CASE. WE HAVE BEEN WORKING INDEPENDENTLY. WE PUT ALL OF OUR RESOURCES INTO MAKING SURE THAT WE WERE PURSUING AND LEADING WHERE THE FACTS TOOK US IN THIS CASE.

I CAN TELL YOU THAT THE PEOPLE BALTIMORE CITY ELECTED ME AND THERE IS NO ACCOUNTABILITY WITH A SPECIAL PROSECUTOR.

WE INDEPENDENTLY INVESTIGATED. WE DID NOT RELY ON WHAT WE WERE GIVEN FROM THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. THE YOU THINK THAT RACISM WAS A FACTOR?

I CAN’T GIVE YOU MY OPINION.

STATE’S ATTORNEY MOSBY: I DON’T SEE AN APPEARANCE OF CONFLICT OF INTEREST. MY HUSBAND IS A PUBLIC SERVANT. HE WORKS FROM THE LEGISLATIVE SIDE I AM A PROSECUTOR. I AM ALSO A PUBLIC SERVANT. I UPHOLD THE LAW. HE MAKES THE LAW. AND I WILL PROSECUTE ANY CASE WITHIN MY JURISDICTION. I CAN’T ANSWER THAT QUESTION. REPORTER: [INAUDIBLE QUESTION]

STATE’S ATTORNEY MOSBY: I THOUGHT IT WAS VERY IMPORTANT TO HAVE AN INDEPENDENT ANALYSIS AS TO WHAT TOOK PLACE AND TRANSPIRED FROM THE VERY BEGINNING. WE ARE INDEPENDENT AGENCIES FROM THE POLICE DEPARTMENT. REPORTER: [INAUDIBLE QUESTION]

STATE’S ATTORNEY MOSBY: HAVEN’T. YOU’RE GETTING IT TODAY.

— ACCOUNTABILITY. YOU’RE GETTING IT TODAY. I CAN TELL YOU AS I STATED, WE HAD A NUMBER OF INVESTIGATORS. YOU CAN SEE IT’S BEEN AN ALL HANDS ON APPROACH FROM THE VERY BEGINNING.

SO I SENT MY INVESTIGATORS OUT TO THE SCENE. WE HAVE A NUMBER OF THEM WHO ARE RIGHT HERE. WE ARE A WORKING COLLABORATION AND WORKING WITH THE BALTIMORE SHERIFF’S DEPARTMENT WHO HAVE POLICE POWERS. AND AGAIN,

INDEPENDENT FROM THE BALTIMORE CITY POLICE DEPARTMENT.

SO YES, WE HAVE LEVERAGE THE POLICE INVESTIGATION, BUT AT NO POINT DID WE COMPROMISE OUR OWN INDEPENDENT INVESTIGATION INTO THIS CASE.

REPORTER: WE’RE TAKING A FEW MORE QUESTIONS AND THAT’S IT. [INAUDIBLE QUESTION] SOMETHING THE COMMUNITY HAS WROTE UP?

STATE’S ATTORNEY MOSBY: I CAN’T GIVE YOU MY OPINION ON THAT. YOU WOULD HAVE TO ASK THE COMMISSIONER. I’VE SPOKEN WITH THE COMMISSIONER THE MAYOR AND THE GOVERNOR, YES.

YOU WOULD HAVE TO ASK HIM. I CAN’T DO THAT. WE HAVE TO BE MINDFUL THAT THIS IS STILL, AN ONGOING

Personal liberty, which is guaranteed to every citizen under U.S. Constitution and laws, consists of the right of locomotion, to go where one pleases, and when, and to do that which may lead to one’s business or pleasure, only so far restrained as the rights of others may make it necessary for the welfare of all other citizens. One may travel along the public highways or in public places; and while conducting themselves in a decent and orderly manner, disturbing no other, and interfering with the rights of no other citizens, there, they will be protected under the law, not only their persons, but in their safe conduct. Any law that would place the keeping and safe conduct of another in the hands of even a conservator of the peace, unless for some breach of the peace committed in his presence, or upon suspicion of felony, would be most oppressive and unjust, and destroy all the rights, which the Constitution guarantees.

An innocent person cannot generally know when a police officer has reasonable cause to believe that his behavior warrants further investigation for criminal activity, and therefore cannot know when refusal to identify himself will be a crime.

No one may be required under peril of life, liberty or property to speculate as to the meaning of penal statutes.

Police knowledge of the identity of an individual they have deemed “suspicious” grants the police unfettered discretion to initiate or continue investigation of the person long after the detention has ended. Information concerning the stop, the arrest and the individual’s identity may become part of a large scale data bank. The serious intrusion on personal security outweighs the mere possibility that identification may provide a link leading to arrest.[4]

US Supreme Court’s own holdings:

While police have the right to request citizens to answer voluntarily questions concerning unsolved crimes they have no right to compel them to answer.

Fourth Amendment concerns are implicated where a state statute permits investigative detentions in situations where the police officers lack a reasonable suspicion of criminal activity based on objective facts.

The concern with curbing criminal activity cannot justify legislation that would otherwise fail to meet constitutional standards for definiteness and clarity.

A state criminal statute that requires persons who loiter or wander on the streets to provide a credible and reliable identification and to account for their presence when requested by a peace officer under circumstances that would justify a valid stop is unconstitutionally vague on its face within the meaning of the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment because it encourages arbitrary enforcement by failing to clarify what is contemplated by the requirement that a suspect provide a credible and reliable identification.

Statutory limitations on individual freedoms guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution are examined for substantive authority and content as well as for definiteness or certainty of expression. The void-for-vagueness doctrine requires that a penal statute define the criminal offense with sufficient definiteness that ordinary people can understand what conduct is prohibited and in a manner that does not encourage arbitrary and discriminatory enforcement.

In providing that a detention under a state statute may occur only where there is the level of suspicion sufficient to justify a constitutional stop, a state insures the existence of neutral limitations on the conduct of individual officers.[5]

BLUE

MIAMI, FL – FEBRUARY 05: Pedro Rojas holds a sign directing people to an insurance company where they can sign up for the Affordable Care Act, also known as Obamacare, before the February 15th deadline on February 5, 2015 in Miami, Florida. Numbers released by the government show that the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metropolitan area has signed up 637,514 consumers so far since open enrollment began on Nov. 15, which is more than twice as many as the next large metropolitan area, Atlanta, Georgia. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images)

“Inadequate medical care, poor nutrition, lack of access to legal services, absence of meaningful programming, and a willful neglect of those who are imprisoned there plague the Polk detention center.”

The facility is used by the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency to house immigrant detainees who are seeking asylum in the United States.

Noting Christie’s “long and very close relationship with Community Education Centers,” the private company running the facility for ICE, one critic told Salon, “I think it’s time people start asking questions, because this company’s practices are not confined to New Jersey.”

The hunger strike at the detention center in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, now enters its sixth month. Meanwhile, California Governor Jerry Brown is fighting federal court orders to reduce the state’s prison population. And this week, inmates in California state prisons resumed hunger strikes initiated in 2011 by detainees in indefinite solitary confinement — some for over three decades.

Ronald Brockmeyer, the municipal judge in Ferguson, has resigned less than a week after a scathing federal report called his court little more than an ATM for the city. And the Missouri Supreme Court has ordered all Ferguson municipal court cases transferred to Judge Roy L. Richter of the Court of Appeals for the Eastern District of Missouri.

VS.

Red ACA Regulatory Environment: CCA is currently accredited by the American Corrections Association (ACA), a private non-governmental organization providing self-created standards. There is currently is no oversight or regulation of the organization beyond its own staff. Eighty-five percent of CCA facilities are accredited by ACA.

Your members of Congress have the power to end this “bed quota” by denying federal funding for the initiative in the FY15 Federal Budget.

In the American political context African Americans have the greatest legacy because of their crusade for freedom and civil rights. Unlike Anglo-Americans, African Americans were barred from society for no other reason than their skin color, but their fight for freedom forced Americans to define themselves and how to protect their rights in a free society. The American system has been touted by historians such as Gordon Wood as being a radical departure from the British model of government. Barbara Clark Smith argued that the American Revolution was not a radical event because it failed to meet the egalitarian principles set forth by the revolutionary intellectuals. Wood’s response was that the radical nature of the Revolution was not seen until well after the war and subsequent nation building, because those principles led to emancipation and universal suffrage. Smith’s point is important to note because the immediacy created by the concept of “radical” was not met during the Revolutionary period. For the enslaved their lot in life had not changed with Treaty of Paris or the Constitution of the United States. The Constitution, previous to the passage of the 14th Amendment, did not provide a definition of citizenship. It was just assumed that an American citizen was a white male landowner. The reality of this situation was that racial discrimination caused many to turn their backs on egalitarianism for a racially bifurcated society. At this point, African Americans, free and enslaved, had to collectively speak out against this discrimination and remind Anglo-Americans of their egalitarian principles. The greatest legacy of Civil Rights Movement was that it forced America to abide by its altruistic principles. African Americans forced the definition of citizenship and created greater protections for American civil rights.

CCA Announces New $205 Million Investment In Correctional Center In Ariz.
Revenue: $1.77 billion, 100% of which comes from taxpayers via government contracts (2012)

According to the Hebrew Bible, Ham was one of the sons of Noah and the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut and Canaan, who are interpreted as having populated Africa and adjoining parts of Asia. The Bible refers to Egypt as “the land of Ham” in Psalms 78:51; 105:23,27; 106:22; 1Ch 4:40.

Hamites were said to have spoken “Hamitic languages”, which consisted of Afroasiatic (Hamito-Semitic) languages of the Berber, Cushitic and Egyptian branches.
Hamitic is a historical term for the peoples purportedly descended from Ham, the son of the Biblical figure Noah. It parallels Semitic and Japhetic, terms associated with Shem and Japheth, respectively, the two other Sons of Noah.

Who is King James-Jesus image

a guiding hand that has your best interest at heart

World Activities and Countering Anti-Hamitism

Black History Facts are relevant to survival of Black Children in the Classroom. The African diaspora was the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world by force. There they met those Africans who first set foot in the continent of America during or round about the age of the Egyptian Dynasties (btw 3100-2100 BC). “Strange Fruit” weaves together the lives of American Africans and immigrant Jews.

The Department oversees a number of bodies that operate a multiplicity of programs aimed at reinforcing values within diverse populations throughout Diaspora.

Connecting

The project will include establishing Centers with a orientation that will offer extensive resources for education, culture, Conflict resolution and community. The Centers will focus primarily on meeting needs of children, teenagers and students, and offer specialized programs that recognize the importance of these periods in the formation of personal identity.

The purpose is to enable the teens to become acquainted with one another in particular. It also provides an opportunity for teens from the to learn about Black Hamitic communities in the Diaspora and develop relationships with Hamites from around the world.

The 13th Amendment, ratified on Dec. 6, 1865, made slavery and involuntary servitude unconstitutional anywhere inside the United States. There was, however, one exception. Forced labor remains constitutional in the United States as punishment for a crime.

Section 1.
Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2.
Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

NOW COMPARE TO SOUTH AFRICA’S 13th AMENDMENT WHICH SIMPLY READS:

Section13 Slavery, servitude and forced labour:

No one may be subjected to slavery, servitude or forced labour

The — freedom is a gift from god. It must be secured by his people here on earth. Barack Obama.

COPS Sex

Self-police

COPS SEX

Cops say truth Mike Brown

Cops Sex

A labor camp is a simplified detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor. Labor camps have many common aspects with slavery and with prisons. Conditions at labor camps vary widely depending on the operators.

Black Codes

Throughout the Democratic-dominated South, state governments enacted laws designed specifically to put African-Americans back to work. Though the South had lost the war, President Andrew Johnson, who took office after the assassination of Lincoln in April 1865, allowed former Confederate leaders back into the government with relative ease. These “Black Codes” applied to African-Americans living in southern states. African-Americans wandering without proof of employment faced charges of vagrancy, for example. African Americans arrested and convicted under the Black Codes could be, and usually were, forced to work on plantations. Since most African-Americans had until recently been unpaid slaves, few possessed money to pay the fines assessed for their “crimes.”

Fourteenth Amendment

In direct response to the Black Codes, the Republican-controlled Congress passed the 14th Amendment on July 28, 1868, to guarantee citizenship and civil rights to African-Americans. For the first time in the nation’s history, the government felt a need to define citizenship. All persons born or naturalized within the borders of the United States were automatically citizens both of the nation and the state in which they resided. African-Americans, who’d had a presence in America since 1619, generally fell into this category. Furthermore, the amendment prevented state governments from creating laws that apply only to specific groups. This provision theoretically made the Black Codes unconstitutional.

Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa

No one may be subjected to slavery, servitude or forced labour

Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka, which created Provincial Councils in Sri Lanka

The Balfour Declaration may be the most extraordinary document produced by any Government in world history. It took the form of a letter from the Government of His Britannic Majesty King George the Fifth, the Government of the largest empire the world has even known, on which — once upon a time — the sun never set; a letter to an international financier of the banking house of Rothschild who had been made a peer of the realm.

Arthur Koestler wrote that in the letter “one nation solemnly promised to a second nation the country of a third.” More than that, the country was still part of the Empire of a fourth, namely Turkey.

I have much pleasure in conveying to you on behalf of His Majesty’s Government the following declaration of sympathy with Jewish Zionist aspirations, which has been submitted to and approved by the Cabinet:

“His Majesty’s Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.”

I should be grateful if you would bring this Declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation.

Hamites were said to have spoken “Hamitic languages”, which consisted of Afroasiatic (Hamito-Semitic) languages of the Berber, Cushitic and Egyptian branches.
Hamitic is a historical term for the peoples purportedly descended from Ham, the son of the Biblical figure Noah. It parallels Semitic and Japhetic, terms associated with Shem and Japheth, respectively, the two other Sons of Noah. “Hamitic” was applied to non-Semitic languages in the Afroasiatic family, which was thus formerly labelled “Hamito-Semitic”. The Hamitic languages were classified as including the Berber, Cushitic and Egyptian branches. However, since these branches have not been shown to form an exclusive (monophyletic) phylogenetic unit of their own, separate from other Afroasiatic languages, linguists no longer use the term in this sense. Each of these branches is instead now regarded as an independent sub-group of the larger Afroasiatic family.

German 1932 ethnographic map portraying Hamitic as a subdivision of the Caucasian race (Meyers Blitz-Lexikon).

European authors Falsely erroneously classified the Hamitic race as a sub-group of the Caucasian race, along with the Semitic race – thus grouping the non-Semitic populations native to North Africa, the Horn of Africa and South Arabia, including the Ancient Egyptians.