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Being closest to the sun, Mercury has the shortest orbit of approximately 88 days long. Unlike some other planets, Mercury has no moons or rings. Due to having a near non-existent atmosphere, the surface temperature of Mercury varies widely. The surface can reach up to a temperature of 800 degrees Fahrenheit during the day, and as low as -280 degrees at night. Every two full orbits around the sun, Mercury revolves exactly three times. This means that the days on Mercury are extremely long compared to days on Earth.

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Based on their respective distances from the sun, Jupiter is the planet that can approach Saturn most closely. Even so, the two planets are still over 400 million miles apart at the closest point in their orbits.

Depending on their orbital progress, Venus or Mars may be the closest planet to Earth at any given time. The distance between Venus and Earth varies between 24 and 162 million miles, and the distance between Earth and Mars varies between 34 and 250 million miles.

The closest planet to Uranus is Saturn, which is 898 million miles distant. Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun, while Saturn is the sixth planet. Uranus lies 1.78 billion miles away from the sun, while a distance of 886 million miles separates Saturn from the sun.

Orbitally, Uranus is the closest planet to Neptune. Its orbit is 1.62 billion miles away from Neptune's orbit. However, until Pluto was downgraded from planetary status in 2006, Pluto's orbit was the closest to Neptune's at only 1.42 billion miles away.