Abstract: This paper analyzes Child Protection laws and shows that, in Brazil, they are a parallel to Family Law and contributes to social control and black/poor families' economy of subjectivity. The Foucauldian methodology has been used, rejecting transcendental notions of childhood and family and it was elected a positive discourse that elaborates such concepts, especially Minutes of International Congresses held at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. It was identified that Child Protection Laws and their institutional practices were based on the fear that a poor child might become a criminal. As, in the context of the 19th century liberalism, the State was, discursively, forbidden to intervene in private matters, the institutional solution to avoid children turning into criminals was to delegate to philanthropic entities - the so-called private patronages - powers to intervene in the lives of poor families. The liberalism excluded direct assistance to families in need and, consequently, there was room for patronages that developed their own method through surveillance and counseling, supported by sanctions, such as the destitution of parental rights, imposed by the State to non-abiding families, which preferred not to take advices. Thus, the Child Protection's underground was outlined, based on surveillance and counseling, supported by state coercion, whose main target were poor families. Counseling was provided by private patronages and, later, state authorities, within the privacy of family homes, aiming at assessing lifestyles, hygiene habits, eating habits and even sexual practices. The legitimacy of such interference was based on the pretense of protecting the child from abuse and maltreatment in their own homes. After such paternal correction was criticized by Honorable Georges Bonjean, at the end of the 19th century, it was identified a legal formula for such protection, that is, the child's interest, later on improved and called, in the 20th century, the child's best interests. Such institutional practices are incorporated, in Brazil, at the beginning of the 20th century, also focusing on control and surveillance of poor families, which is demonstrated in the speeches of Brazilian publicists, such as Mello Mattos and Evaristo de Moraes. At the end of the 20th century, it was devised the Full Protection Doctrine, supported by a humanistic discourse, which aims at introducing democratic Child Support laws, distinct from discriminating institutional practices. When reading Brazilian criticism to the penal accountability of adolescents, against such system's constitutional domestication, as intended by the US Supreme Court, in the 1960s, it is possible to conclude that Child Protection Laws and respective institutional practices are primarily against poor and black people, casting doubt on the real purpose of the Full Protection Doctrine. Lastly, the same doubt is transported to the analysis of the fostering process and destitution of family rights, authorizing the formulation of the proposition that Brazilian Child Protection laws are a parallel Family Law, focusing on poor/black families' economy of subjectivity. Keywords: Subject of law. Child and adolescent. Child Protection Laws. Family Law.