Acute acetylsalicylic acid poisoning.

Conversion in plants of benzoic acid to salicylic acid and its ..

Acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and SA that are signals for systemic acquired resistance to pathogens, inhibit the wound-induced, JA-induced, systemin-induced and oligosaccharide-elicited accumulation of proteinase inhibitors, by inhibiting the synthesis of JA (Doares et al, 1995).

Metraux JP 1998 The biosynthesis of salicylic acid in potato plants.

Salicylic acid is also used in the form of paint and in the form of collodion basis (10 to 17%) or as a plaster (20 to 50%) to destroy warts and corns.

Salicylic acid (SA), which is central to defense mechanisms in plants and the principal metabolite of aspirin, occurs naturally in man with higher levels of SA and its urinary metabolite salicyluric acid (SU) in vegetarians overlapping with levels in patients on low-dose aspirin regimens. SA is widely distributed in animal blood. Fasting for major colorectal surgery did not cause disappearance of SA from plasma, even in patients following total proctocolectomy. A 13C6 benzoic acid load ingested by six volunteers led, between 8 and 16 h, to a median 33.9% labeling of urinary salicyluric acid. The overall contribution of benzoic acid (and its salts) to the turnover of circulating SA thus requires further assessment. However, that SA appears to be, at least partially, an endogenous compound should lead to reassessment of its role in human (and animal) pathophysiology.

Salicylic acid (SA) is synthesised by plants in ..

Role of salicylic acid in plants

Plants are widely used in many indigenous systems of medicine for therapeutic purposes and are increasingly becoming popular in modern society as alternatives to synthetic medicines. , also called botanical medicine or phytomedicine is generally cheaper, accessible or readily available and more culturally acceptable to many because of the belief that they cause less side effects than some synthetic drugs (; ). Recent research efforts in drug discovery from s involve a multifaceted approach that combines botanical, phytochemical, biological and molecular techniques (). Bioactive principles are responsible for the therapeutic activities of s such as hypoglycemic, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-malarial, anti-cholinergic, anti-leprosy activities etc. (). For instance, arrays of bioactive principles from diverse anti-diabetic plants have been exhaustively described elsewhere (; ). Thus, pure compounds or standardized extracts from s provide unlimited opportunities for new drug leads because of the unmatched availability and chemical diversity of bioactive principles from the plant kingdom (; ). In same manner of chemical diversity, most effective poisonous agents to humans and animals have their origin from various classes of chemical substances from plants. Some notable noxious compounds from plants are the cyanogenic glycosides (; ), myristicin (), phytohaemagglutinins or lectin (), neurotoxic s e.g., β-N-Oxalyl-L-α, β-diaminopropionic acid (ODAP) (; ), protease inhibitors, chlorogenic acid, amylase inhibitors, gossypol, goitrogens (; ), veratridines () etc.

salicylic acid found in plants like willow and ..

The dyes industry was also in the forefront in asserting intellectual property rights. Favorable patent laws play important roles in the pharmaceutical and life science industries; witness the recent scramble to patent human genes. However, they did not benefit aspirin. Bayer settled for registering a trademark for the name Aspirin. It did not patent acetylsalicylic acid, not because it would not but because it could not. The chemical was old stuff, synthesized by French chemist Charles Frederic Gerhardt back in 1853.

Role of Salicylic Acid in Plants | Annual Review of Plant …

Aspirin is the generic medical name for the chemical acetylsalicylic acid, a derivative of salicylic acid. Compounds of salicylic acid are found in some plants, notably white willow and meadowsweet (). and inspired the name .

In 1828, German pharmacologists isolated from willow bark a yellow bitter crystal, which they called salicin. Swiss pharmacologists isolated a similar substance from meadowsweet. Ten years later, French chemists synthesized salicylic acid. Physicians administered the two compounds to patients, whose symptoms they observed and whose urine they analyzed. They found that taking both compounds reduced rheumatic fever, and salicin was transformed in the body to salicylic acid. Based on the observations, they identified salicylic acid as the active medicinal ingredient responsible for willow bark’s efficacy in relieving pain and fever.

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal molecule in plants

Among Eichengrün’s first ideas was to find a derivative of salicylic acid that would be as therapeutically effective but with less undesirable side effects. He hired a young chemist Felix Hoffmann who, because of his arthritic father, had a personal passion in the project. Hoffmann came up with acetylsalicylic acid.

Biosynthesis of salicylic acid in plants

Leucine is an essential amino acid. On the outermost layer of the skin, called the stratum corneum, leucine helps keep the skin moisturized as a natural moisturizing factor (NMF). Natural moisturizing factors absorb water from the atmosphere and use it to keep the skin hydrated in dry conditions. Because natural moisturizing factors like leucine are water soluble, repeated contact with water will leach these factors from the skin, making the skin drier until the factors can be replaced. Leucine is not synthesized in the body and is often obtained through diet in foods like peanuts, lentils and chickpeas.