Srimad Bhagavad-Gita : a part epic Mahabharatham .
Spread in 18 chapters and 700 slokams and situated in Bhishma-Parvam of Mahabhagavatham, chapters 25 to 42.
The whole Gita is a conversation between Arjuna and Lord Krishna on various subjects, clearing all doubts.
We are all Arjunas and Lord is here as our Guru,
We must study this "Tattva-Sastram"and follow in our daily life.
We must realise Lord within us and not in temples only.

If one desires to become scientist, or doctor, or engineer, or lawyer, and so on, first he has to complete his primary education with honest, sincere, and true success, then continue, gradually step by step achieve higher skills and specialisations.

Likewise, One, Sadhakan, ( he/she), who desires to attain "Parama-Padham" that person should first follow the path of the form of 'yajnam' i.e, "Nish-kama-karmam," and latter reac…

A flower should change into unripe fruit, that is the flowers' desire / fate / saphalyam.

In this prikrya ( activity ) there is destruction to its previous state, i.e, flower fades and drops.

We see an unripe fruit in place of flower now.

Because of this no one laments about the destruction and loss of flower.

Flower discarded its unnecessary parts, and its essence in the form of unripe fruit.

That is all.

Considering the above we can say that if Vedik literature is flower, then Gita sastram is its fruit

The activities or rituals put forth in the karma-kandam of Veda-s, the unnecessary rituals are discarded, and the essence of Veda-s, that is a complete jivitha-sastrm ( life-science ) took shape in a text namely, Srimad Bha…

Gita prescribes with few changes whatever said in Veda-s, on the procedure and steps of Sadhana.
Sri Vedavyasa Maharishi during Rishi's period presented the secrets of Vedik-informations before the people of those days in a simple way.
It is not correct to address this as a Adhyatmic revolution as criticism by some so called self-appointed scholars.
Revolution is by discarding or deleting or destroying old sampradayam / customs, and reinstalling the revolutionary customs in place of that, but, hence it is not wise to say that Sri Vyasa Maharishi had done a revolutionary act as by the present day scholars view.
To be continued ....

2. and Sanyasam means total renunciation and immerse in Tapas in the forest.

Arjuna is well educated in Sastram and intelligent, still he has this misunderstanding regarding haindava-dharmam during that yugam, i,e. even this was the state of that ancient days, what will be the present yugam "Kali".

Lord Sri Krishna's effort in this regard is to re-establish new life to the haidava- dharmic samskaram and remove the all misunderstandings.

In this context : we have seen in the last chapter that how the secretly kept Yajna-s, in the use of day to day life's duties of human beings.

Those days, when very few people ( the Bramana's ) has the control on this va…

Though this question ( doubt ) shows similarity, in the sense of the doubts raised by Arjuna in the beginning of third chapter, it is not a repetition.

In the second chapter when Arjuna heard the tattvam-s explained to him, by Lord, Arjuna could not decide and loosing his balance of mind, thought that, 'is there any place for karmam in spiritual life'.

At present his doubt is : "which one is best '1. Karma-sanyasam or 2. Karma-yogam'?

From this Lord has succeeded to convince Arjuna that to defeat Adharmam and to establish Dharmam 'Karmam' is inevitable.

We can say that Arjuna has got back his balance of mind at least by now. Arjuna now understands that wise karmam is essential for higher knowledg…

Lord Krishna is instructing Arjuna to destroy all doubts arising from ignorance of the atma or soul and having discrimination between the soul and the body take refuge in karma yoga or the performance of prescribed Vedic activities which is the means to atma tat…

Slokam- 41. ( Therefore, one who has renounced the fruits of his action, whose doubts are destroyed by transcendental knowledge, and who is situated firmly in the self, is not bound by karma O Arjuna. )

Yogasannyastakarmanam jnanasanchinnasamsayam

atmavantam na karmani nibadhnanti dhananjaya.

dhananjaya = O Arjuna;

yoga-sannyasta-karmanam = renounced karma with the help of karma-yoga ( renunciation of fruits of his karma );

jnana-sanchinna-samsayam = doubts are destroyed ( cleared ), with the help of Jnanam ( advancement of knowledge );

atmavantam = completely established in the Self ( Atmam );

karmani na nibadhnanti = is not bound by karma ( actions ).

Lord Krishna explains that the performance of karma yoga or prescribed Vedic activities is the mode of action in the ways He indicated above. Dedication and renunciation means that actions are performed in jnana yoga or the cultivation of …

Slokam-40. ( But ignorant and faithless persons who doubt the revealed scriptures do not attain God consciousness. For the doubting soul there is happiness neither in this world nor in the next. )

Ajnascasraddadhanasca samsayatma vinasyati,

nayam lokosti na parah na sukham samsayatmanah.

ajnah ca asraddadhana ca = fools who have no knowledge in standard scriptures and also without faith in revealed scriptures;

samsayatma = one has doubts in each and everything;

vinasyati = totally perishes;

samsayatmanah = for a doubtful person;

ayam lokah = this world;

parah ca na asti = or paralokam ( next), no place to exist;

sukham na asti = and happiness too vanishes.

After explaining concisely how the person of faith acquires spiritual knowledge through the instructions of the spiritual master, Lord Krishna speaks of the miserable fate of the ignorant who are devoid of faith but in…

If one ( seeker ) wants to gain Atmajnanam, necessary three gunas ( qualities / characters ) for those Sadhakas (seekers) : told in this slokam. Those seekers who think that their sadhana is the sincere and honest, still do not reach the target ( a…

Slokam-38. ( In this world, there is nothing so sublime and pure as transcendental knowledge. Such knowledge is the mature fruit of all mysticism. And one who has achieved this enjoys the self within himself in due course of time. )

In this world nothing is as purifying as spiritual knowledge. Then why is not everyone pursuing this? Lord Krishna explains that first one must become qualified from prolonged practice of karma yoga or prescribed Vedic activities performed without d…

Lord Krishna uses this illustration citing the complete eradication of all sins and their destruction to further emphasise the potency of spiritual knowledge.

To remove any doubt or misconceptions that might arise from the previous verse that sins may be crossed over but not absolved Lord Krishna gives the illustration that fire of spiritual knowledge as revealed i…

Lord Krishna now exclaims that even if one was an incorrigible sinner previously if they approach a self-realised being and receive this knowledge from him they will easily cross over the ocean of all their sins solely by the potency of this spiritual knowledge.

Slokam : 35. ( And when you have thus learned the truth, you will know that all living beings are but part of Me—and that they are in Me, and are Mine.)

yajjnatva na punarmohamevam yasyasi pandava,

yena bhutanyaseshena drakshyasyatmanyatho mayi.

pandava = O, Arjuna;

yatjnatva = if gained the jnanam explained so far;

punah evam = again you lika this;

moham na yasyasi = never fall in the illusion ( moham);

yena = in that consciousness;

bhutani aseshena = totally all living entities;

atmani atha = in his own ( jiva ) atma, in other words;

mayi drakshyasi = you will see in me (in Paramatma too).

Lord Krishna now reveals the results of spiritual knowledge that came by inquiring from a self-realised being and that is one will never again be deluded by the illusionary energy thinking that friends and relatives can actually cease to exist. By this spiritual knowle…

Slokam- 34. ( Just try to learn the truth by approaching a spiritual master. Inquire from him submissively and render service unto him. The self-realized soul can impart knowledge unto you because he has seen the truth. )

tadviddhi pranipatena pariprasnena sevaya,

upadekshyanti te jnanam jnaninastattvadarsinah.

pranipatena = by namaskaram (obedience and head down);

pariprasnena = by submissive inquiries ;

sevaya = by the rendering service ;

tat viddhi = gain that knowledge;

tattvadarsinah jnaninah = the self-realized seers of truth;

te jnanam upadekshyanti = guide you towards jnanam.

As to the answer to the question by what means is this spiritual knowledge available Lord Krishna is revealing how to attain this knowledge which is altogether different from actions that bestow material rewards. He instructs everyone to fall at the feet of a self-realised beings rendering servi…

Slokam-33. ( O Arjuna, the sacrifice of knowledge is greater than the sacrifice of material possessions. O Partha, after all, the sacrifice of action culminates in transcendental knowledge. )

Sreyan dravyamayadyajnajjnanayajnah parantapa,

sarvam karmakhilam partha jnane parisamapyate.

parantapa = O Arjuna;

dravya-mayad-yajnaj = more than the yajna of material possessions;

jnana-yajnah sreyan = yajna of knowledge is superior;

sarvam karma akhilam = all actions are in totality complete, full;

jnane parisamapyate = and ends in knowledge.

Here the superiority of yagnas or offerings of worship to propitiate the Supreme Lord performed in jnana yoga or in the cultivation of Vedic knowledge is being explained by Lord Krishna. The yagna accomplished by knowledge is superior to the yagna performed by material ingredients for the yagna performed in knowledge is accomplished by no other au…

Slokam -32. ( All these different types of sacrifice are approved by the Vedas, and all of them are born of different types of work. Knowing them as such, you will become liberated.)

Evam bahuvidha yajna vitata brahmano mukhe,

karmajan viddhi tan sarvan evam jnatva vimokshyase.

evam bahu-vidha yajnah = this way many types of yajna-s;

brahmano mukhe vitatah = various ways to attain brahmam mentioned in detail in the Vedam;

tan sarvan = all of them;

karma-jan viddhi = born of karmam you should know;

evam jnatva = if knowing thus (this) and followed;

vimokshyase = you will be liberated from bondage of karmam.

Lord Krishna confirms the authenticity of the previous described yagnas or offerings of worship as being sanctioned by the Vedic scriptures by the word evam meaning of this kind and the different types have been explained in detail in the parampara or …

yajna sishtamrta bhujh = those who take in (eat ) the remnants of such yajna as nector;

sanatanam brahma yanti = do obtain the Supreme Eternal position;

kuru sattama = O Arjuna the best among Kurus ( Kuru dynasity );

ayajnasya = one who does not perform yajna;

ayam lokah nasti = this world is not for him;

anyah kutah = where any other worlds thereafter.

Before Lord Krishna spoke of the merits of performing yagna or offerings of worship to propitiate the Supreme Lord. Now He will speak of the demerits accrued by failure to perform yagna. The key word is ayagnasya which means for one who does not perform yagna. Without performing yagna in one of the 12 previously mentioned ways then even the meager joys of this world are not available. If the pleasure of mort…

Slokam-30. ( Some of them, curtailing the eating process, offer the outgoing breath into itself, as a sacrifice. All these performers who know the meaning of sacrifice become cleansed of sinful reaction. )

yajna-kshapita-kalmashah = being cleansed of the result of such performances ( sacrifices ) sinful reactions.

Now Lord Krishna is confirming the result accruing to the 12 previously mentioned yagnas or offering of worship to propitiate the Supreme Lord who have accomplished this and that they have purified themselves having absolved all their sins by yagna.

Slokam-29. ( And there are even others who are inclined to the process of breath restraint to remain in trance, and they practice stopping the movement of the outgoing breath into the incoming, and incoming breath into the outgoing, and thus at last remain in trance, stopping all breathing. Some of them, curtailing the eating process, offer the outgoing breath into itself, as a sacrifice. )

Apane juhvati pranam pranepanam tathapare,

prnapanagati ruddhva pranayamaparayanah.

pranayama-parayanah = iterested in pranayamam;

apare = some others;

prnapana-gati = regulation of the breathing;

ruddhva = having controled;

pranam apane = the air going outward taken again inward;

tatha apanam prane = and thereafter inhaled air is released outward ;

juhvati = carry sacrifice.

Continuing Lord Krishna explains that others who are devoted to pranayama or regulation of the breath offer the p…

Slokam-28. ( There are others who, enlightened by sacrificing their material possessions in severe austerities, take strict vows and practice the yoga of eightfold mysticism, and others study the Vedas for the advancement of transcendental knowledge. )

Dravyayajnastapoyajna yogayajnastathapare,

svadhyayajnanayajnasca yatayah samsitavratah.

tatha apare = apart from these;

dravya-yajnah = sacrificing one's possessions;

tapo-yajnah = sacrifice in austerities;

yoga-yajnah = sacrifice in eightfold mysticism;

svadhyaya-jnana-yajnah = sacrifice in the study of the scriptures and also sacrifice in advancement of transcendental knowledge;

samsita-vratah = taken to strict vows;

yatayah = enlightened.

Here Lord Krishna reveals others who earn money honestly and donate funds to qualified Vaisnavas and Brahmins to perform yagna or offering of worship to propitiate the Supreme Lord. They also …

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