Do not apply this pesticide in the species habitat (described
under the Shading Key), nor within 100 feet of the habitat.

20b

Do not apply directly to water within the shaded area,
including streams at the boundary of the shaded area.

29

Do not apply this pesticide in the species habitat (described
under the Shading Key). In addition, for ground applications
do not apply within 20 yard of the habitat, nor within 100 yards
for aerial applications.

33a

Do not apply this pesticide in the species habitat (described
under the Shading Key), nor within 1/4 mile of the habitat.

For ground applications, do not apply this pesticide within
40 yards from the edge of water within either the shaded area or
the upstream protection zone (described under the Shading
Key). For aerial applications, do not apply this pesticide
within 200 yards from the edge of water within the areas described
above.

10

Do not apply directly to water within the shaded area.
In addion, do not apply directly to water within 1 mile upstream
from the shaded area.

41

Do not apply this pesticide within 1/4 mile of the edge of water
within the shaded area for ground applications , nor within
1/2 mile for aerial applications.

43

Do not apply this pesticide within 100 yards of the edge of water
within the shaded area for ground applications , nor within
1/4 mile for aerial applications.

297

For ground applications, do not apply this pesticide above
the threshold application rate (TAR) indicated within 40 yards from
the edge of water within either the shaded area or the upstream
protection zone (described under the Shading Key). For aerial
applications, do not apply this pesticide within 200 yards from
the edge of water within the areas described above.

For ground applications do not apply this pesticide withhin
20 yards from the edge of all caverns, sinkholes, and surface waters
within the shaded area. For aerial applicationsdo not apply
within 100 yards of these sites.

20b

Do not apply directly to water within the shaded area,
including streams at the boundary of the shaded area.

Do not apply this pesticide within 20 yards from the ede of water
within the shaded area for ground applications, nor within
100 yards for aerial applications.

1c

For ground applications do not apply this pesticide within
20 yards from the edge of the water within either the shaded area
or the upstream protection zone (described under the Shading
Key). For aerial applications do not apply this pesticide
within 100 yards from the edge of water within the areas described
above.

2c

For ground applications do not apply this pesticide within
40 yards from the edge of the water within either the shaded area
or the upstream protection zone (described under the Shading
Key). For aerial applications do not apply this pesticide
within 200 yards from the edge of water within the areas described
above.

20

Do not apply directly to water within the shaded area.

41

Do not apply this pesticide within 1/4 mile of the edge of water
within the shaded area for ground applications, nor within
1/2 mile for aerial applications.

43

Do not apply this pesticide within 100 yards of the edge of water
within the shaded area for ground applications, nor within
1/4 mile for aerial applications.

Alabama cave shrimp [Palaemonias ganteri]

The Alabama cave shrimp is a small, nearly transparent crustacean with
reduced eyes. Lack of pigmentation indicates that it has survived underground
in the absence of light for perhaps thousands of years. The cave shrimp
is a nonselective grazer, feeding on protozoans, tiny insects, fungae
and algae that have entered the cave in groundwater. It is believed to
have a low reproductive potential as females produce only 6 to 12 eggs
after breeding.

A search of over 200 caves in northern Alabama located the shrimp in
only two locations in Madison County, Alabama, in the Shelta and Bobcat
caves of the Huntsville Spring Branch and Indian Creek drainages. The
size of caveshrimp populations have declined significantly in recent years,
and many researchers fear that it may already have been eliminated from
Shelta Cave. The size of the shrimp population in Bobcat Cave has not
been estimated, but is considered to be very low because of small cave
habitats.

Residential and commercial development has disrupted the ecological balance
of the underground water supply by introducing contaminants and by diverting
water from the aquifer. Increased groundwater pumping could further reduce
the water table, causing the caves to dry. The Fish and Wildlife Service
(FWS) and the Army division that administers Bobcat Cave of the Redstone
Arsenal, are working to develop a habitat management plan to protect Bobcat
Cave against potentially damaging groundwater contamination. The FWS is
also working with the National Speleological Society to develop a protection
plan for recreational spelunkers who use Shelta Cave.

Freshwater mussel[Unionidae]

Freshwater mollusks found in this area are one or more of the following:
the Alabama lamp pearly mussel, the pale lilliput pearly mussel, the pink
mucket pearly mussel, the fine-rayed pigtoe, and the shiny pigtoe mussel.
These mussels are in the family Unionidae, a family restricted to North
America. A far larger percentage of this family are imperiled than any
other taxonomic (species) group.

Freshwater mussels can live up to 50 years. In the parasitic larval
stage of the mollusk lifecycle it is dependant on fish within its habitat
for nutrients and mobility. However, only a few host fish are known. Mature
mussels bury themselves in the riffles and shoals and feed by siphoning
phytoplankton and other plant matter from the water. Reverse siphoning
is used to expell undigestible particles from the shell. Silt in the water
can kill mussels by clogging their feeding siphons.

Major factors affecting mussel populations are alterations in temperature,
waterflow, and siltation caused by stream damming and channeling. Agricultural
runoffs and industrial practices have also affected the mussel habitat
by degrading water quality and causing siltation. Because mussels are
filter feeders, the effects of pollution are intensified due to the large
quantities of water drawn through their siphons in the feeding process.
Another significant threat to this species is the widespread and rapid
population growth of the introduced zebra mussel. The zebra mussel not
only competes with native species, but also attatches to them, adding
so much weight that the native species cannot open to feed. In the past,
commerial harvests contributed to the decline of freshwater mussels but
this industry has since been reduced.

Green pitcher plant [Sarracenia oreophila]

The green pitcher plant is a perennial herb growing from moderately branched
rhizome 8-30 inches tall. The plant is wider at the top than at the base.
It has green to yellow-green, funnel shaped leaves that appear with the
flower buds in early April, and mature with yellow flowers during late
April and May. The leaves wither by late summer and are replaced with
flat leaves that persist until the following season. This insectivorous
plant gains its nutrients by consuming insects that are trapped by bristles
inside the leaves.

Green pitcher plant is found in diverse habitats with highly acidic and
organic soils such as seepage bogs, areas that are wetlands for at least
part of the growing season, and in sandstone or shale soils along flat
to moderately sloping stream banks or woodland sites with much winter
moisture.

Formerly the green pitcher plant grew in five geological provinces, but
is now known from only three: Cumberland Plateau, Blue Ridge, and Ridge
and Valley. These provinces are contained in Alabama (Cherokee, DeKalb,
Etowah, Jackson, and Marshall counties); and Georgia (Towns County). Most
of the 26 pitcher plant colonies occur in the Cumberland Plateau region
of northeastern Alabama. Recovery of this species depends on maintaining
adequate water tables by preventing the drainage or filling of surrounding
wetlands, preventing herbicide and fertilizer run-off from adjacent agricultural
areas, and halting the succession of woodlands that overtake pitcher plant
habitat.

Snail darter [Percina tanasi]

The snail darter fish is a small, robust fish about 3.4
inches in length. The body is brown with green and white marks above and
below four, dark brown patches on its back. The upper portion of the head
is dark brown and its cheeks are mottled brown and yellow. The snail dartar
lives up to five or six years, feeding primarily on aquatic snails in
moderately flowing, vegetated streams with sandy bottoms and wide shoals
for spawning.

The snail darter was first collected in 1973 in the lower
reaches of the Little Tennessee River, an area that was eventually altered
by completion of the Tellico Dam. According to the Fish and Wildlife Service
(FWS), it is difficult to determine the range of the snail darter before
the construction of the dam but was probally confined to the upper portions
of the Tennessee River, and the lower portions of the Hiwassee, Clinch,
Little Tennessee, French Broad and Holston rivers. Current populations
of this fish are found in the main channel of the Tennessee River and
in six of its tributaries in Hamilton, Loudon, Marion, Meigs and Polk
counties in Tennessee, and in Jackson and Madison counties in Alabama.

Unknown to anyone before 1973, the snail darter became the
focus of a major political controversy when its existance halted the completion
of the Tennesse Valley Authority's Tellico Dam on the Little Tennessee
River because it was designated as critical habitat for this fish. Since
then, other populations have been discovered and efforts to transplant
the darter has led the snail darter to be downlisted to Threatened. If
substantial new populations are discovered or current populations increase
over a ten-year period, the FWS will consider removing the darter from
the Federal Endangered Species list.