The opportunities for IFAD to reduce poverty in Somalia are limited due to the absence of counterpart government support, security problems and the need for grant funding. At present, IFAD is supporting rural communities in Somaliland through the North Western Integrated Community Development Project financed by the Belgian Survival Fund for the Third World.

The Burtinle district of Nugal region in the Puntland State of Somalia has an estimated population of 37 000, most of them internally displaced people from war torn regions of Benadir, Kisimayo, Baidoa and Hiran in Somalia and/or from the refugee camps of Kenya, Ethiopia and Yemen. Among the many problems faced by this poor and underdeveloped district is the absence of a permanent water supply system. The existing water supply is provided by concrete reservoirs, which harvest questionable run-off water that transports pollutants. The consumption of polluted water leads to the spread of diseases including cholera, typhus, TBC and gastro-enteritis.

The proposed ECP project will improve the access of the rural communities of Burtinle to water resources. It will be cofinanced with a Swedish NGO – Diakonia – and community contributions.

The project will implement a water security component whereby: (i) livestock will be provided with run-off water; and (ii) a roof rainwater harvesting system will be developed to provide safe water to the people. The project will be implemented with the participation of the community who will contribute land and labour for the construction of the physical works and for their maintenance.

HORSOCDE is a non-governmental organization operating in all regions of the Puntland State of Somalia. It has worked with the former administration of the north-eastern regions of Bari, Nugal and Mudug. Currently, it cooperates with the Puntland State in the fields of infrastructure and governance. HORSOCDE’s policy is to work with local communities and authorities, and international organizations in order to provide communities with vital social services. In the past, HORSOCDE has collaborated with a number of international NGOs, United Nations agencies and bilateral organizations, including Diakonia-Sweden, United Nations Children’s Fund and the United States Agency for International Development.Back to top

The WFP also helps with a nearby project run by the local NGO Horn Relief. A group of women earn money here constructing small ovens for use in the home.

The ovens are 25-30% more fuel efficient than an open fire and therefore an important environmental development.Horn Relief is looking to go further. Their latest project is to develop solar-powered cookers, a prototype of which was being used to boil a kettle when we arrived at their offices.With virtually every mature tree around Bossaso already felled for firewood, solar power is an exciting and important alternative. UN's World Food Programme (WFP) (Marcus Prior is visiting the port town of Bossaso)

WFP Activities

WFP has been implementing a protracted relief and recovery operation (PRRO) in Somalia since 1999. It provides a broad framework for integrated rehabilitation while maintaining the flexibility to respond to both development opportunities and emergency situations.

This PRRO, covering three years from January 2003 - December 2005 will provide assistance to some 2,8 million people. The goal is to contribute to the improvement of household food security in Somalia. The specific objectives are to (a) increase household food consumption for vulnerable people through provision of adequate food (b) improve nutritional status of vulnerable people, especially women and children; and (c) support vulnerable populations to create productive assets and resources that enable them to improve their livelihoods.

The strategy is not merely to sustain lives but also to support and maintain livelihoods. Hence targeted beneficiaries include those people whose livelihoods are considered to be at risk as a result of food insecurity, drought and political instability.

The focus of the strategy is a longer-term outlook with a view to develop community-based interventions, ensure the participation of women, and human capacity building. WFP is focusing its activities to assist communities to take lead, provide inputs and responsibility through impact-oriented, gender focused approaches to recovery.

The main activities aside from relief are school feeding, food-for-training, especially in literacy and skills for women, asset creation, water preservation, support to health and nutrition programmes and general social support. WFP's food-for-work projects enable families to protect their livelihoods while at the same time rehabilitating local infrastructure. The emphasis is on provision of water through rehabilitation of wells and water catchments, re-establishment of roads, schools and other community assets.

In the selective feeding programmes, WFP is continuing with small-scale targeted food support to mother and child health programmes and tuberculosis control in addition to a recently introduced school-feeding programme.

The pilot school-feeding project was introduced in October 2003 with 5,400 pupils in 23 schools. Although still very young, positive and encouraging results have already been recorded. It is hoped that by the end of 2004 the number of schools benefiting from the school feeding scheme will have increased to about 60 schools with more than 20,000 students.

Food aid will be predominantly used in support of human capacity building (food for training, school feeding). Combined with other inputs, food will be used for recovery activities (food for work), and relief food aid will be limited to emergency situations only. Hence, Somalia will continue to require relief food assistance.

WFP Somalia closely collaborates with international and local non-governmental organizations, local administrations, community groups and UN agencies such as UNICEF, WHO, OCHA, UNDP, FAO, etc.

Country Director:Robert HauserHead Office:WFP office is based in Nairobi

THE UN AND OTHER DONORS5.1The UN has a humanitarian and development programme ofassistance to Somalia headed by a UN Humanitarian and Resident Co-ordinator based in Nairobi, but travelling frequently to Somalia. The UN hasalso deployed a Special Envoy of the Secretary General to help achieve apolitical settlement and to inform the 6 monthly UNSC meetings on Somalia.5.2Recent OECD DAC work has emphasised the particular importance ofadapting donor co-ordination and enhancing policy coherence in difficultpartnerships, such as with Somalia. The work has underlined the need forincreased efforts in: sharing analysis; building common criteria forassessment; tasking focal lead agencies; and building on the comparativeadvantage of both bilateral and multilateral agencies.5.3The selection of DFID’s 3 CEP objectives is based on Somalia’s priorityneeds; the comparative advantage of DFID and our implementing partners, inparticular related to the professional resources we can deploy; and thestrategies and programmes of the principle development agencies with which,as far as possible, we will work, in partnership (see table below), rather thandeveloping separate DFID sectoral programmes. A principal challenge willbe limited donor interest in and funding to Somalia. Although pledges in 2003totalled $272m (including $120m from the EC and $19m food aid from theUSA – expenditure is unlikely to be much above the average $150m of thepast years.SectorDevelopment PartnersEducationDFID, EC, Denmark, Egypt, Finland,Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden,USA, NGOs, UN, UN, UNFood Security and RuralDevelopmentEC, ECHO, Belgium, Denmark,Finland, Italy, Netherland, Norway,Switzerland, USA, World Bank,NGOs, FAO, UN, WFPGovernanceDFID, EC, Canada, Denmark,Finland, Germany, Italy, Norway,Sweden, USA, NGOs, UN, ILOHealth and NutritionDFID, EC, ECHO, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, GFATM, Italy,Japan,Netehrlands,Norway,Sweden, USA, World Bank, NGOs,UN, WHOWater, Sanitation and InfrastructureEC, ECHO, Denmark, Germany,Japan,Netherlands,Norway,Sweden, Switzerland, USA, NGOs,ILO, UN, WHO5.4The EC is the largest donor to Somalia. The EC’s 5-year developmentstrategy focuses on a multi-sectoral approach to enhance good governance;reduce widespread vulnerability; give access to social services; and buildeconomic growth and diversification. Most of the EC’s and other bilateralfunds are delivered either through the UN Agencies or international NGOs.The EC has also been the principal financier of the Nairobi-basedReconciliation Talks which began in 2002.5.5A new World Bank /UNDP LICUS1Programme, launched in 2003,provides: support to: macro-economic data collection & analysis; creation ofan enabling environment for the livestock and meat industry; support to theSomalia Aid Coordination Body (SACB) Action Plan to Address HIV/AIDS;and deliver capacity building for skills development through centres oftraining. As well as funds from UN agencies, international NGOs and anumber of bilateral donors, there is a high, but unquantified, level of supportfrom Islamic NGOs and other agencies, largely to health and education.5.6The SACB, which was established in 1994, is a voluntary EC-fundedcoordinating body for donors and international NGOs, which provides thecentral framework for a common approach for the allocation of internationalaid to Somalia. Its future role in the post-Nairobi international engagement isunder discussion.1Low Income Countries Under Stress (LICUS)

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Final 0311049External AssistanceTotal Donor Funds disbursed and pledged in 2003: $271.6 million made up of:UN Core Budget$26.7mBilateral Donors$236.3 m*International NGOs$8.6m* The SACB donor report treats ECHO, EU and World Bank as Bilateral Donors.Bilateral Donors US$236.3mEuropean Commission $120.6 m; USA $29.6m; Italy $17.8m; GFATM* $14m; ECHO $10m;Norway $8.9m; Denmark $6.9m; Sweden $6.6m; UK $6.4m; Netherlands $3.6m; Canada$2m; Germany $1.8m; World Bank $1.6m; Egypt $1.6m; Finland $1.4m; Belgium $1.4m;Japan $1.0m; Switzerland $0.5m; France $0.076m; Australia $0.005m.* Global Fund to Fight Aids, TB & MalariaBilateral Donors Sectoral Breakdown:Governance: $46.0m; Food Security:$49.2m; Education:$32m; Health:$50.7m(GFATM $14m); Water & Sanitation:$23.9m; Other $34.5m.Data Source: Somalia Aid Coordination Body 2003 Donor Annual Report6.DFID Programme Activities and ResourcesDFID’s programme in Somalia will have 3 broad objectives – see below.Given the need for flexibility under each objective the specific strategies forour support will evolve, based on current assessments of where results canbe achieved. We will also develop output indicators, to demonstrate theeffectiveness of our support under each objective.Objective 1: To help achieve a just and viable political settlement inSomalia6.1DFID’s broad conflict prevention objective in Somalia is to supportprocesses that lead to a comprehensive settlement of Somalia’s political,security and socio-economic problems. The UK supported the IGAD lednational reconciliation process, and funds community based peacebuildinginitiatives.6.2The objective has 4 elements:i) Support to the National Reconciliation ProcessDFID will continue to support the post-IGAD process as long asprogress is being made. DFID is ready to contribute to the costs ofinstalling the TFG and other Transitional Constitutions in Somalia. Weexpect that personal and community security will be a priority for thenew government and will look to support critical post-conflict

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Final 03110410processes, such as continuing political dialogue within the country, helpwith improving governance, and in particular getting policing and justiceservices up and runningii) Support to Local Reconciliation and DialoguePower is fragmented, and highly localised among a variety of military,business, religious and traditional groups contesting for influence andcontrol. Arbitrating between these competing interests will essentiallybe a task for the Somalis themselves. DFID will support – as part of thenational process – those involved in facilitating local reconciliation.iii) Support to any Ceasefire Monitoring System and PeaceAgreementThe African Union, with UN support, is leading the process ofdeveloping a ceasefire monitoring mechanism. DFID is ready toprovide funds for technical advice and specialist support to theseactivities. Given that a formally adopted UN peace support operation isunlikely at this stage, considerable donor funds may be required tosupport any peace agreement.iv) Support to an Arms Embargo Monitoring systemFollowing the recent publication of a report by the UN Panel of Expertson arms trafficking in breach of UN resolutions, DFID is ready tocontinue providing funds to assist the UN Security Council to continueits monitoring activities and to develop an appropriate sanctionsmechanism.Mechanisms6.3DFID support to the costs of implementing a post-IGAD politicalsettlement will be part of an internationally agreed package of assistance forthe transition period. Working within the EU we will seek to ensure that theseare linked to a set of performance benchmarks on how the transitional federalgovernment will work constructively towards reconciliation, stability andreconstruction. These benchmarks are likely to cover achievement of aneffective ceasefire; maintenance and stability within and between the differentregions of Somalia; disarmament and demobilisation; rule of law; protection ofhumanitarian access; and progress towards full democratic governance.6.4A key element of the reconciliation process is a peaceful resolution ofthe issue of the status of Somaliland. Within the EU we will press for a clearlinkage between international support for the political settlement and thereadiness of the authorities in Mogadishu and Hargeisa to resolve thequestion of Somaliland’s status through dialogue and negotiation.

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Final 031104116.5DFID is one of 4 donors supporting a Somalia Conflict Assessmentwhich will provide the basis for developing, in collaboration with other donors,a longer-term conflict prevention strategy, and contribute to the effectivedelivery of assistance to Somalia. This Conflict Prevention Strategy willprovide the key framework for supporting work in this area based on anagreed division of labour among donors. Alongside our bilateral andmultilateral work, we will develop strategic partnerships with NGOs whichhave a strong track record in conflict prevention and peacebuilding. Tosupport our work in this area we will draw on the British Government’s AfricaConflict Prevention Pool resources.Objective 2: To help establish the basis for effective developmentassistance, with an initial focus on improving governance and servicedelivery6.6The weakness of state structures and the lack of security in much ofSomalia mean that the aid modalities we often use to provide developmentassistance e.g. programmes within the context of government sector plansare not appropriate at this stage. Where administrations do exist, inSomaliland, some accountability has been built up through the electionprocess. The provision of development assistance needs to be handledcarefully so as not to undermine this. The international community thereforeneeds to work to create the conditions for development assistance to beproductive and to be innovative in how such assistance is provided.6.7We will work in a harmonised way with others, reducing transactioncosts for Somalis. In practice this is likely to mean working closely with theEC, UN agencies, the World Bank and possibly with selected bilateralpartners. We will participate in the new coordination framework. DFID’s rolewill be to make available our resources and technical expertise to our partnerswithin common programmes. DFID is also supporting preparation of a WorldBank Country Economic Report which will also inform development agenciesand the TFG on effective delivery of longer term assistance under the plannedReconstruction and development Programme.6.8We have identified the delivery of basic services and governance asspecific areas of focus because:• Governance issues are at the heart of Somalia’s problems and arefundamental to building a framework for development assistance.• It would be appropriate to seek to build on the humanitarian supportcurrently provided to try to develop longer-term systems for reducingchronic poverty.6.9A geographic focus of our work will be those areas of Somalia thathave made progress in establishing reasonable conditions for development.The regional administrations of Somaliland and Puntland have established theconditions that facilitate a move away from a solely emergency response,towards development activities. This is particularly the case in Somaliland,where some of the conditions for poverty reducing activities are in place.

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Final 03110412i) GovernanceAmong the many relevant governance issues, we will focus on helpingto re-establish the rule of law, personal security and on supporting thedemocratisation process to improve the accountability of the authoritiesto the Somali people.We will discuss with partners how we can support longer-termprogrammes of support for democratisation in Somaliland and otherparts of Somalia as this becomes possible. This will build on pastDFID support to the local and presidential elections in Somaliland. Incollaboration with the EC and other donors we will consider providingsupport to the forthcoming parliamentary elections in Somaliland and tolocal elections in Puntland.Working with the World Bank, we will look for ways of assisting theSomaliland Government with its financial management, revenuecollection, and development planning e.g. through technical assistancefor development of a poverty reduction strategy. Though we will workclosely with local administrations, funds will not be channelled throughthem for the time being.Provision of security and the rule of law are key to making developmentpossible in Somalia. We have made a contribution to UNDP pilotingwork to strengthen the provision of justice. We will review thisprogramme and consider whether further support should be provided.ii) Service delivery (including HIV/AIDs)DFID will support an integrated approach for increased access to basiceducation and health services, including water and sanitation, inSomalia. Inter alia we will seek to contribute towards a progressiveresolution of the problem of user fees (para 1. . Necessary systemsbuilding will depend on progress in governance and stability and theauthorities’ readiness to prioritise these areas e.g. we are supporting arequest by the Somaliland authorities for an examination centre to bebased in Somaliland. Resources potentially available through WorldBank grants and the Global Fund will help increase prospects forsustainability. Initially, we intend to build on experiences elsewherewhere basic services are provided in difficult governance environments(including in Ethiopia and Sudan).The issue of HIV/AIDS will be addressed as part of our overall supportto the health sector. The Somalia Aid Coordination Body has recentlydeveloped a new strategy to address HIV/AIDS in Somalia, which weplan to support alongside the Global Fund and other donors.Concurrently, DFID might be prepared to support NGO’s over longertime periods with proposals which match the strategy’s objectives.

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Final 03110413Mechanisms6.10 We will explore opportunities to provide support through commonresource pools, for example the UN Consolidated Appeal and the HIV/AIDspool coordinated by SACB. We will also look at providing parallel funds tomultilateral programmes, particularly the UN, the World Bank and the EC. Wewill also support the SACB or any successor body to expand its pooledresource mechanisms. Recognising the unique role local and internationalNGOs play in the Somalia context, we will retain the option of working directlywith NGOs for specific activities that are complementary to our evolvingpartnership approach. We will also ensure that strengthening local capacity isa core part of our work with multilateral agencies, as building capacity andsustainability will be key to ensuring that local organisations do not becomedependent on external financing. This partnership arrangement will allow usto draw on our partners’ knowledge, experience and organisational strength inSomalia. We will look at prospects for secondments and long-term partnershipagreements with the EC and World Bank. Joint office arrangements e.g. withlike minded donor partners will also be considered as part of our longer termstrategy. We will also work with others to develop mechanisms for engagingthe Somali diaspora in assisting with national and sub-state recovery andreconstruction, either through technical assistance or other remittance-relatedactivities.Objective 3: To ensure timely provision of humanitarian relief6.11The Somali population, due to continued instability and severe poverty,remains highly vulnerable to climatic and conflict based crisis. DFID willmatch its continuing humanitarian programme to assessed need.Humanitarian assistance to Somalia will address immediate and critical needsin order to reduce suffering and save lives.6.12 We will also support INGOs who are on the ground in Somalia,primarily providing health or public health services. These are often bestplaced to identify and respond to crisis.6.13 In line with our Good Humanitarian Donorship commitments we willalso enhance the capacity of the UN to assess and respond to crisis, and toensure that the key NGOs and international organisations in Somalia maintainthe ability to respond effectively to core humanitarian requirements.Mechanisms:6.14 The chronic nature of the crisis in Somalia requires that we develop ahumanitarian funding strategy that allows DFID to focus its humanitarianprogramming and tackle not only immediate life saving requirements butprovide the basis for some decentralised medium to longer term support. We

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Final 03110414will work through a limited number of agencies, the largest and most effectivehumanitarian UN agencies and NGOs, in order to keep our transaction costsdown and to maximise efficiency. Where possible, we will use a programmaticapproach i.e. providing funding to key partners up-front against a jointlyagreed set of objectives. This will enable agencies to be more flexible andresponsive to a quickly evolving situation on the ground. However, securityand access are the main issues to contend with, and will affect the alreadycritical humanitarian situation.7.DFID RESOURCES7.1DFID has limited management and advisory resources to bear on theSomalia country programme. The programme is managed by DFID’s GreatLakes and Horn Department in London, supported by a DFID representativetemporarily attached to the British High Commission in Nairobi. The DFIDrepresentative is the main contact point with development agencies workinglocally and with the SACB.7.2UK development support to Somalia continues to increase, althoughbecause of the range of demands elsewhere it will remain limited for the timebeing. Anticipated financial resources are £8 million in 2004/05 and some £8million 05/06. A clear focus for DFID engagement remains imperative, toensure that our limited resources are deployed effectively.2003/042004/052005/06£ 3.5 (including conflictpool)£8 million (excludingconflict pool)£8 million (excludingconflict pool)7.3We will aim to contribute to the envisaged international supportpackage for the new TFG once this is agreed.from the December 18, 2002 edition - www.csmonitor.com/2002/12...-woaf.htmlIn a dire Kenyan camp, links to Al QaedaA Saudi group whose funds have been frozen by the US is aiding Somali refugees.By Danna Harman | Staff writer of The Christian Science MonitorNAIROBI, KENYA - "I dream, mostly, of leaving," says 20-year-old Ahmed Aden of his home. He has been living in the Dadaab refugee camp for 11 years, ever since his father was killed in Somalia's civil war and his mother fled across the Kenyan border with her four children. The camp of some 120,000 Somalis, awash with arms and surrounded by bandits, is hot, increasingly desperate, and dangerous, Aden says.Western donors, overwhelmed with requests for funding to deal with new crises and for new refugee camps elsewhere, has all but forgotten Dadaab. The World Food Program (WFP), which provides all of Dadaab's food, was forced to cut its meal portions by half earlier this year. By February, it expects to be out of corn. Cooking oil will be gone by May.Some of this void is increasingly being filled by a Saudi Arabian-based Muslim aid organization called Al Haramain Islamic Foundation - a group the US says has ties to Al Qaeda.So it is not surprising that ever since last month's bombing of a hotel in Mombasa, Dadaab has been on the lips of every investigative team in town. The FBI, the Israeli Mossad, and local Kenyan intelligence are investigating how Al Qaeda, which has claimed responsibility for the attack, was able to bring in weapons (including two surface-to-air missiles that were fired at an Israeli passenger jet), and where it recruited its agents. The answer may lie in the camp.The nongovernmental organization (NGO) Fund for Peace in Washington has been saying for the past two years that Dadaab, 60 miles inside the Kenyan border, is becoming fertile ground for terrorists. In interviews with camp refugees between August and December 2000, Kathi Austin, director of the NGO's Arms and Conflict Program, found an intricate web of communication links and arms transfers going from Somali border towns through the refugee camps to downtown Nairobi."I had specific information [about terrorist training in Dadaab] before Sept. 11," says Austin. "I was looking at arms networks going from Somalia into Kenya, and I ran into terrorists competing with criminal elements and clans to take advantage of those networks."Austin, whose team returned to the camp in August, says that Dadaab is an "important pit stop" in the arms pipeline and also a "perfect" training ground for terror organizations. "There are a large number of people in a confined state with little scrutiny.... Meanwhile, more-radical Islam is taking hold there and being imposed on those not interested," she says.The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR), the Kenyan government, and the myriad of NGOs working in the camp all say they have not seen any such terrorist activity. Emmanuel Nyabera, UNHCR's public information officer in Kenya, says that Al Haramain in Dadaab is "not Taliban style," but rather "a normal, religious foundation which can't be denied camp access." But none of the officials here reject the possibility that radical ideas and training are seeping in.Distributing camels and goatsWith the renewed suspicions about Dadaab, the Kenyan ministry of home affairs has begun limiting journalists' access to the camp and asking that visitors be accompanied by a ministry representative.Al Haramain's role in Dadaab is not large, but is welcomed by camp officials. It has set up religious schools; started social programs; and even begun distributing rice, sugar, and, during the holy month of Ramadan, offering up slaughtered camels and goats.Still, the US is wary of the group's activities there and elsewhere. In March, the US blocked funds of the Somalia and Bosnia branches of Al Haramain, saying those offices were diverting charitable donations to terrorist groups. "The Somalia office of Al Haramain is linked to Osama bin Laden's Al Qaeda network and Al Ittihad al-Islamiya (AIAI), a Somali terrorist group," said a March 11 Treasury Department statement. "Over the past few years, Al Haramain Somalia has funneled money to AIAI by disguising funds as if they were intended for orphanage projects or Islamic school and mosque construction."After the 1998 US Embassy bombing in Nairobi that killed 219, Kenya revoked the registration of five Muslim NGOs, including Al Haramain, accusing them of links to the Muslim militants who carried out the attack. Kenya's High Court later blocked the deregistration. No ties between Al Haramain and the bombing were ever established.On its website, Al Haramain says it is not a radical group. "If anyone's definition of radical is to be 'extreme or extremist,' then we, indeed, separate ourselves from that since our deen [Islamic law] is not one of extremes," it says on the site.In another section, however, the foundation challenges the US definition of "terrorism" and says that "defending Islam and the Muslim community ... involves taking up arms against the enemy."Meanwhile, the Sunday Times of London reported last month that the CIA had information linking Al Haramain to the recent bombing in Bali in which some 180 people were killed. According to the Times, Omar Al Farouq, Al Qaeda's senior representativein Southeast Asia who was arrested in June, told interrogators that Al Haramain was the "principal source" of funding for the Indonesian Islamic group suspected of carrying out that attack."Our religion does not say to kill anyone," says Aden from the camp. "And I don't support bin Laden. But there must be others who do here. Clearly. Someone is doing the killing."Suspect in Somalia?In the case of the Mombasa bombing, that someone may be Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan who, according to officials, owned the vehicle used in the suicide bombing. Investigators found bombmaking material in his home on Monday. Kenya's daily, The Nation, reported Tuesday that Mr. Nabhan was believed to have fled into Somalia. No ties between Nabhan and Dadaab have yet been determined.While it is illegal to leave the camp without permission, many escape the fenced confines and head to Nairobi. There are, according to aid workers, 20,000 to 100,000 illegal Somalis living in the Kenyan capital - most of them in the teeming neighborhood of Eastleigh.Stuffed briefcases"You want a new generation Kenyan ID card? No problem," grins Salim, a young Somali sipping strawberry yogurt at Eastleigh's Lebanon cafe. "You want a Kenyan driver's license? Easy. A pistol? $60 only. A cellphone, perhaps?"Outside, the "Dadaab express" - a colorfully painted bus dragging its muffler behind it - grinds to a halt and unloads an incredibly large number of passengers, each carrying stuffed briefcases or baskets."Everything comes through here," explains Ali, an older Somali with a red tinted beard, who, like others interviewed in the cafe, refused to give his last name. "Narcotics, electronics wholesale from Taiwan, cigarettes, messages, arms."Both Ali and Salim started their Kenyan life in Dadaab, but now spend their days in Eastleigh ordering up spaghetti, chewing the popular stimulant khat, and "doing business." Would they, or their colleagues, work with terrorists - pass along messages, move arms from one place to another, spy?"Who is a terrorist?" they ask. "We don't know and don't ask. We just do business."

Somali Women NGOScouncils established by UNOSOM, that included at least one female member have collapsed. Women's participation in currently functioning District and Regional Councils has not been recorded, and information provided by different sources (Steiner vs LAS consultants) are contradictorywomen's NGOs have been used, because they are considered to be more honest and reliable implementers by most of the international agencies and NGOs. The ratio of women's NGOs implementers to that of gender neutral NGO

The visibility of women's NGOs, their weaknesses and their efforts to sustain the survival of their families, has led external assistance to focus on:

women's coping strategies (especially micro credit schemes from Swiss Group and UNOPS); and

In Gedo, for a locally managed credit fund, Garbaharrey and Bur Dubo selected more than 50% female beneficiariesPAIGA, SRRP, UNDOS Household Survey)In Galkaio town, with UNICEF assistance, SWC (a women's NGO), organized and implemented the rehabilitation of the town's water supply.Swiss Group in Hargeisa

The experience of Swiss Group in Hargeisa can highlight some aspects of the problems. Working with 21 women's organizations, out of the 31 that have decided to group themselves under an umbrella, the Swiss Group provides grants for a variety of micro-projects. They also finance a revolving credit fund ($ 200, 000). According to results of an audit carried out by a Djibouti bank, the rate of repayment is excellent and the fund revolves, and the idea of changing the scheme into a real saving and credit bank is being considered. CCS, the women's organization that manages the fund and selects the beneficiaries, willingly revealed their reason for success: "don't lend money to the poor". Therefore, the loanees are individual women ("many" widows) supported by a reliable guarantor (usually a well-known businessman or somebody employed by an international organization). In addition, fund managers and collectors are very active and are paid from the interest generated by the loans (called service charge in order not to offend islam). Indications from the SRRP SW mixed credit-scheme reflects a similar philosophy: all beneficiaries, men and women, are experienced people, having run their businesses for many years.

(Care Hargeisa).

SOLWO in Gabiley

SACB

UNOSOM

THET - SomalilandSomaliland declared itself independent from Somalia in 1991, following a brutal civil war. Cities were completely destroyed and both Somaliland, and Somalia to the south were left without any infrastructure or services.Somaliland has enjoyed sustained peace and security since 1992, but this comes at a high price for a nation that has very limited financial resources, a situation exacerbated by the international community not recognising Somaliland as an independent country, as recognition would significantly increase opportunities for international aid.Maternal and child morbidity rates in Somaliland are among the highest in the world:One in eight babies die before the age of 12 months1 in 5 children dies before the age of fiveEvery year 4000 Somali women die in childbirthLive expectancy is 48 yearsThe civil war resulted in the destruction of most of the country's primary health care facilities and trained health personnel migrated in massive numbers. There are no opportunities for health professionals to update skills learnt, in most cases, more that twenty years ago. The standard of care is poor, due to the lack of resources. Access to good, affordable health care for the average Somali is severely compromised.THET is working in Somaliland to strengthen two hospitals in Hargeisa and to support them to meet their own needs in the delivery of healthcare, by exchange of staff in targeted training visits, provision of materials, collaboration and communication.Our Partners in SomalilandThe Edna Adan Maternity Hospital is a non-governmental, non profit-making hospital and nurse training school that was opened in March 2002 to address the high maternal and child morbidity and mortality rates in the local community.The Regional Health Board (RHB) is a voluntary, community-elected organisation made up mostly of returnees. It is responsible for the Hargeisa Group Hospital (HGH), the only general referral hospital in the country, and for the wider health needs of the local community. As the government has no funds for the health service, the RHB is responsible for fundraising for, as well as development, of HGH.THET is working with both hospitals and the RHB to meet the health needs of the inhabitants of Hargeisa (pop. 350-450 thousands) and the surrounding communities, many of whom are socially underprivileged returnees and refugees who inhabit the uncountable tents made of cloths and rags in sprawling camps surrounding the town. Hargeisa is situated about 50km from the border with Ethiopia and is the only town providing amenities to distant rural communities as well as to the urban population. Many of the patients seen at HGH are Ethiopian refugees, who may have travelled there from beyond the border on foot to reach an appropriate health care facility.Somaliland: Hargeisa - King's LinkA link has been established between the Edna Adan Maternity Hospital and the Hargeisa Group Hospital and King's College Hospital in London so that the skills, information and experience of their health workers will be shared and the health care available will be improved.A THET team first went to Somaliland in 2000, following a request by a UK-based Somali national for THET to start work there, and the beginnings of a link were established. Spring 2002 saw a team of specialists in obstetrics, midwifery, paediatrics and anaesthesia return to Hargeisa to support the training of the first generation of nurse students in Somaliland for over a decade at the maternity hospital and in-service training of staff who have had no continuing education since qualification, in most cases more than twenty years ago.A partnership was formed and subsequent visits have taken place to both the maternity hospital and the Group Hospital. The focus of the link is expanding into other areas, including A&E, record keeping and pharmacy.www.togdheer.com/health/maternity.shtml

PARTNER - SOMALI ORGANISATION FOR COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES(SOCDA)

ORGANISATIONAL PROFILE1. ORGANISATIONAL MISSION AND OBJECTIVES1.1 MISSION:SOCDA was established in 1993 to develop and promote methods to assist local Somali institutions, NGOs and CBOs both individual and in consortia, to understand and appreciate their role in human development and issues pertinent to the Somali state thereby establishing building blocks upon which the current and future generations can build upon.1.2 LONG & SHORT TERM OBJECTIVES:1.2.1 The long-term objective is to provide multidisciplinary capacity building expertise through process facilitation to empower local organisations in organisational management, leadership and project management.1.2.2 The short-term objectives include, among others, to strengthen the capacities of NGOs and CBOs in project identification, planning and implementation;- To contribute, continuously to sustainable knowledge acquisition by targeted groups;- To develop community self-reliance.2. The organisational objectives are achieved, among others, through the following methods:- Workshop settings are used to facilitate for transfer of skills plus field experience- Exchange programmes and tailor-made training to specific needs, etc.3. PROGRAMME ACTIVITY FOCUSSOCDA focuses on four areas of programme activities, namely; Service, Outreach, Capacity Enhancement and Advocacy and Lobbying Programmes. Each of the four programmes complements the other in ensuring a comprehensive set of activities for SOCDA. Together they offer a roadmap to improve the planning of all the activities.4. ACHIEVEMENTS• SOCDA has undertaken local NGO training programme and identification of community needs; specially the veterinary survey project in Hudur, and Bakool regions.• Established two training and resource centres in Mogadishu and Bosasso and undertaken a research activity on possible options on “Demobilisation of Somalia Militia”.• Undertaken consultancy work, community self-management program, on empowering of refugees to manage refugee activities in the camp plus information and data sharing.5. IMPACTThe effects of the training and consultancy offered include, among others:• Upgraded performance of beneficiary organisations and individual participants thanks to acquired new skills in organisational management, such as planning, monitoring and evaluation, and financial management.• A substantial contribution to the sustainability of the Somali NGO sector and emergence of a strong Somali Civil Society.6. SPONSORSSOCDA’s sponsor has been the Netherlands Organisation for International Development Co-operation (NOVIB). The funding and value-laden partnership based on a process approach began in earnest in1993, growing from strength to strength over the years to the present day.7. MONITORING AND EVALUATIONSOCDA includes in its overall work, as a learning experience, the monitoring and evaluation of all project activities and SOCDA trains NGOs and CBOs on how to undertake and manage monitoring and evaluation of their individual activities.

Path to the Future: Taking Stock, Tackling Challenges and Consolidating GainsSOCDA is notably on the crossroad, having been in existence for the last ten years. It has embarked on an aggressive process of reviewing its maiden strategies to reflect changing times and priorities, weaknesses and strengths. SOCDA is institutionalising and its first organisational evaluation in the year 2001, was an exercise aptly dubbed by the external evaluators; “Moving SOCDA Forward”.Consequently, SOCDA is slowly edging towards an institutional integration and sustainability, by way of strengthening key strategies, boosting the capacity to train and capacity build, as well as the advocacy and lobbying mandates.At this stage, we only hope all our partners, friends and well wishers, both in the North and South would be with us and trudge with us, for with friends like that who needs for the firesides. Watch this space.For further details, pleased contact us as under:

GALKAYO EDUCATION CENTER FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENTGALKAYO EDUCATION CENTER FOR PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT (GECPD)Galkayo, Puntland State of Somalia,Tel: 2525-43-6457, 2525-43-4844Fax:: 2525-43-4501 attention GECPDP.O. Box 3885 Nairobi, KenyaBrief Profile of Executive Director of Galkayo Education Centre for Peace and Development, GECPD (formerly known as Puntland Community development Centre), Hawa Adan Mohamed

Hawa Adan Mohamed was forced to flee from war torn Mogadishu in 1991, when the country collapsed. The first stop in her flight was Kenya and eventually to Canada. In Canada, she continued her outstanding work, which begun many years earlier in Mogadishu.In Mogadishu, she had established the first Woman's Adult Education Development Centre, a centre whose track record in well known. In the 80's, during the influx of many ethnics Somali refugees into Somalia Hawa spearheaded refugee Women's relief and development and worked tirelessly for their cause, not knowing many years later she too would be a "refugee".In 1996, Hawa's journey and her heart took her back to Somalia to establish a women's development centre in Kismayo, a city of over 80% displaced and destitute population. Hawa returned to a city where she was neither born, raised or had worked. Hawa chose to return to Kismayo because it was a city of uprooted innocent civilians, displaced from their homes, regions, cities, towns and villages through floods, civil war and as a result of clan and family divisions.Hawa returned out of hope and a determination to make a difference in the lives of the suffering population. The Juba Women's Development Centre (JWDC), a non-profit non-governmental organization, was then founded by Hawa, other refugees, displaced and returned grass-roots, women from various clans and sub clans. Their mandate was to serve, educate, and improve health and vocational training for economic development.The centre served over 500 women and children in Kismayo. Some activities to date were literacy and health education, primary school for young students (including the only girl's public school in Kismayo), establishment of health unit for the center's population, income generating and skill training (small business and market training, sewing instruction, a revolving income), support for 50 orphans and educational seminars towards improved health.Through Hawa's networking and a call for assistance and support, a network of support of JWDC was established in Toronto and two volunteer health workers joined her in Kismayo, through a train the trainer-health project, funded in part by local Canadian NGOs. The first phase of a major project to establish a health centre for women and children was completed. The health workers have since returned to Canada. They attest to the work Hawa was carrying and the difference the effort has made in the lives of hundreds of destitute population of Kismayo.But their struggles have developed a united front with the motto of "enough is enough! Action not rhetoric, for peace and reconstruction is needed". Hawa was invited to attend the recently held Somali Studies Congress held at Toronto's York University. During a meeting with the community she told them that, "you are our windows of hope to the outside world to tell our struggle and plight".She promised to help Puntland People start successful models of schooling for community development. The above project, GECPD, is the first of many rewarding projects in the future.Her Past Accomplishments:Hawa Adan created the JWDC, a Somali NGO (non-governmental organization) managed by an executive director with a grass roots membership. Its mandate is to promote woman's health, social, political and economic development. JWDC serves those who are or have been uprooted refugee returnees and/or displaced. The centre is supported through private donations, international funding, local community support and in kind voluntary work.Three years ago, the centre found a permanent home through a multi-clan and overall general community agreement, the completely destroyed former Bilal School compound was taken over after compensating displaced persons occupying it. Kismayo was under siege for a long time forcing JWDC to adopt the policy to " run when their is danger and return to carry on the work as the immediate danger subsides".From the ruins and destroyed remnants of the former Bilal School, JWDC has carried out extensive renovations, rehabilitation, and reconstruction and built new sections. The centre manged in a short time to create:-Two administration offices- One store- Three Skill Training Rooms- Resource and library room- Very large Conference/Meeting room- 6 Class Rooms- Two Rooms/Health unit- One Kitchen (nutrition Demonstration)- Two Rooms/Bakery Unit (new with two ovens traditional and modern)- Three School Toilets/Three showers (new with running water)- Shop (new outlet) to sell student skill training products (teach basic business practice)- Residence (newly-built) three bedrooms with facilities- Water piping and water tank (a well dug with pipes running 150 meters)- Two generators (new) for power supplyOther programs JWDC has initiated were a literacy project, an income generating program and a basic health education/promotion component integrated into literacy/skills program

Her Past Accomplishments:Hawa Adan created the JWDC, a Somali NGO (non-governmental organization) managed by an executive director with a grass roots membership. Its mandate is to promote woman's health, social, political and economic development. JWDC serves those who are or have been uprooted refugee returnees and/or displaced. The centre is supported through private donations, international funding, local community support and in kind voluntary work.Three years ago, the centre found a permanent home through a multi-clan and overall general community agreement, the completely destroyed former Bilal School compound was taken over after compensating displaced persons occupying it. Kismayo was under siege for a long time forcing JWDC to adopt the policy to " run when their is danger and return to carry on the work as the immediate danger subsides".From the ruins and destroyed remnants of the former Bilal School, JWDC has carried out extensive renovations, rehabilitation, and reconstruction and built new sections. The centre manged in a short time to create:-Two administration offices- One store- Three Skill Training Rooms- Resource and library room- Very large Conference/Meeting room- 6 Class Rooms- Two Rooms/Health unit- One Kitchen (nutrition Demonstration)- Two Rooms/Bakery Unit (new with two ovens traditional and modern)- Three School Toilets/Three showers (new with running water)- Shop (new outlet) to sell student skill training products (teach basic business practice)- Residence (newly-built) three bedrooms with facilities- Water piping and water tank (a well dug with pipes running 150 meters)- Two generators (new) for power supplyOther programs JWDC has initiated were a literacy project, an income generating program and a basic health education/promotion component integrated into literacy/skills program=======================================================

The Somali Organisation for Community Development Activities (SOCDA)SCODA is a Somali NGO working in a range of community development areas.VENRO

SomaliaBanadir Radio$30,000To broadcast a series of radio programs that will raise awareness of democracy, human rights, and women’s rights in Mogadishu. Banadir Radio will also implement joint programs with civil society groups to promote activities focusing on peace and invite activists to participate in debate and talk show programs.

Dr. Ismail Jumale Human Rights Organization$33,536*To continue to play an active role in the Eldoret peace negotiations and to conduct three human rights training workshops, which will be tailored to various participant groups—including police officers, primary school teachers, and youth—and designed to strengthen their awareness of human rights. The organization will also continue its investigation and documentation of human rights abuses and combine its findings into regional reports, which will be made available to the public.

HornAfrik Media$45,430*To conduct training for twenty journalists with the help of journalism instructors and human rights experts. The trained journalists will produce documentaries on human rights issues, women’s rights, and democracy and related issues, as well as produce six call-in shows focusing on human rights, democracy, and women’s issues. HornAfrik will also publish 1,000 copies of a reference book based on the issues studied in the classes.

Horn of Africa Relief and Development Organization$25,000*To undertake youth training at Pastoral Youth Learning (PYL) Centers in six villages in Sanaag, Somalia. Training will follow the PYL curriculum, which focuses on peace and responsible community leadership, resource management, human health, and animal health. After the training, the youth trainees will visit pastoral communities to research local governance systems, natural resource management, and development challenges before cooperatively carrying out a small-community development project throughout the year.

Somali Journalists Network$20,000To conduct two sets of training workshops to improve the standards of Somali journalists. The first workshop will address conflict reporting and conflict resolution, while the second will focus on journalist safety.

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SomalilandConsortium of Somaliland NGOs (COSONGO)$29,860*To conduct four civic education training workshops for participants from local NGOs, community-based NGOs, and village elders and to produce and disseminate follow-up reports. In addition, COSONGO will produce a Somali-language version of its monthly newsletter, currently published in English.

HAWO Group$20,000To promote democracy and women’s rights among grassroots women’s organizations through a series of trainings for the women in the Sool and Sanaag regions. Workshops will focus on organization capacity building, training-of-trainers on human rights in the media, the need to respect human rights in daily law enforcement functions, and the importance of women(s rights. HAWO will also produce a monthly radio program on democracy, human rights and good governance that will target a grassroots women audience.

Horn of Africa Voluntary Youth Committee$39,816To continue its civic education campaign aimed at youth through the use of its traveling circus. The program features acrobats and street theater as tools to disseminate civic education messages. To increase participation of youth in political decision-making, the Committee will also produce booklets and leaflets on good governance and democracy and organize a series of youth workshops and symposiums.

Nagaad Umbrella Organization$45,549To organize a series of training workshops to address women’s rights and participation in political decision-making, including one workshop with participants from neighboring countries and one with male politicians and religious leaders. Participants from a training-of-trainers workshop will campaign for women candidates and promote women’s rights in the upcoming parliamentary elections. To promote women’s rights and democracy through civic education programs, such as television projects, songs, and poetry.

Samo-Talis$43,438*To conduct human rights seminars and training workshops and to publish its monthly human rights newsletter, including three English-language supplements. For Somaliland’s upcoming national elections, Samo-Talis will conduct voter education; provide advice to political parties on free, peaceful, and ethical participation in the elections; consult with electoral commission staff; and provide election monitoring.

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