Response of the person receiving SBAR acknowledging the
problem/situation and request. .

Schizencephaly

A rare developmental birth defect characterized by abnormal gaps or clefts in
the cerebral hemispheres of the brain. Schizencephaly is thought to represent a
defect in neuronal migration.

Individuals with clefts in only one hemisphere (called unilateral clefts) are
often paralyzed on one side of the body, but may have average to near-average
intelligence. Babies with clefts in both hemispheres commonly have developmental
delays in speech and language skills, and problems with brain-spinal cord
communication. Some may also have an abnormally small head, mental retardation,
or partial or complete paralysis. Most will experience seizures. Some
individuals may have an excessive accumulation of fluid in the brain
(hydrocephalus).

A California study from 1985-2001 found a population prevalence of 1.54/100,000.
The same study found an association with young parental age and monozygotic
twins. One third of their cases also had a another abnormality such as
gastroschisis, bowel atresias, and amniotic band disruption sequence. Their
study suggests that schizencephaly has heterogeneous etiologies many of which
are vascular disruptive in origin [1].

An average head-to-body delivery
time more than 60 seconds, or more commonly defined as "a delivery that
requires additional obstetric maneuvers following failure of gentle downward
traction on the fetal head to effect delivery of the shoulders." Shoulder
dystocia is usually caused by the anterior shoulder becoming stuck behind
the mother's pubic bone. Shoulder dystocia less commonly occurs if the posterior
shoulder becomes wedged against the sacrum.
The incidence of shoulder dystocia is reported to be 0.6 to 1.4 percent.

Single nucelotide polymorphism ( SNP)

A variation in a single nucleotide of a gene.

Singleton

A pregnancy with only one fetus in the uterus.

Small for gestational age (SGA)

Weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age. Most small for gestational
age fetuses are small because of constitutional factors such as female sex or
heredity.

Sonogram (Ultrasound, Sacn)

An image or images produced by collecting high frequency sound
waves reflected from structures inside the body.

Speculum

An instrument used to hold the vagina open

Spina Bifida (Myelomeningocele (meningomyelocele
)

A birth defect where the bones of the spine (veretebrae) do not grow together properly during development leaving a gap
,or separation, in the bones of the spine . Function of the limbs and organs
below the level of the spinal defect may be affected depending on the type
and size of the defect. There are four types of spina bifida ; In order of
severity:

Occulta. A layer of skin covers the
malformation, or opening in the vertebrae.

Closed neural tube defects. The spinal
cord is marked by malformations of fat, bone, or meninges

The level of the presenting part in the birth canal in relation
to the ischial spines of the pelvis. The spines represent 0 station. The
presenting part is described as being from -1 to -5 cm above the spines or
+1 to+ 5 cm below the spines. A station of + 5 cm would correspond to the
presenting part at the vaginal opening (introitus).

Stillbirth

The definition of stillbirth varies.

The United States National Center for Health Statistics defines a stillbirth
as a fetal death that occurs later in pregnancy at 20 weeks of gestation
or more.

Early stillbirth :A fetal death that occurs at 20–27 weeks of gestation.

Late stillbirth: A fetal death that occurs at 28 weeks of gestation or more.

In Germany, the definition of stillbirth is a birth without vital signs after
delivery and with a birthweight of at least 500 g

The World Health Organization defines a still births "...a baby born
with no signs of life at or after 28 weeks' gestation."

A method of testing fetal well-being and in particular the function of the
placenta under stress. The study is performed by making a graphical recording of
the fetal heart rate using an electronic monitor.
The tracing is observed for
late decelerations. The test requires three contractions in 10 minutes to be
present with the contractions lasting 40 to 60 seconds. If uterine activity is
absent then oxytocin is infused or nipple stimulation is used to stimulate mild
contractions. The test is positive if late decelerations are consistent
and present with more than 50% of the contractions. The CST is equivocal or
suspicious if there are intermittent late decelerations

A positive CST has been has been associated
with an increased incidence of intrauterine death, late decelerations in labor,
low 5-minute Apgar scores, and intrauterine growth restriction.

Subchorionic hematoma

A blood clot beneath the placenta.

Succenturiate placenta

One or more accessory placental lobes connected to the main placenta
by blood vessels. There is an increased risk for postpartum hemorrhage
and infection due to retained placenta with a succenturiate placenta.
Sometimes the blood vessels that connect the lobes of the placenta cross
over or near the opening of the cervix leaving the blood vessels vulnerable to
rupture. This latter condition is called type II vasa previa

Surfactant

A substance produced in the lungs that prevents the tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs from collapsing and
sticking together by reducing surface tension.

Sutures

1. Sutures (stitches) : Sterile, threadlike materials made of catgut, silk, or wire used by surgeons to
sew tissues together.

2. Sutures : The fibrous joints between the skull bones .

Sweeping of Membranes (Membrane stripping)

A procedure where a gloved finger is placed through the cervix and the finger is
moved around to separate the membranes from the uterus. Membrane stripping
is also known as "stretch and sweep" . The procedure causes release of
prostaglandins , and may reduced the number of post-term pregnancies. One review
found that "Routine use of sweeping of membranes from 38 weeks of
pregnancy onwards does not seem to produce clinically important benefits. " [1]