..These associations may be confounded by sociocultural determinants of both breast-feeding and obesity. We addressed this possibility by assessing the association of breast-feeding duration with adolescent obesity within sibling sets...

..We examined associations of maternal corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels in the late 2nd trimester of pregnancy, a marker of fetal glucocorticoid exposure, with child adiposity at age 3 years...

..It is possible that adipokine exposure in infancy determines later weight status, but fundamental research is needed on associations of circulating adipokines with excess weight gain and on determinants of adipokine levels...

..Estimates of association among males were similar in direction and magnitude, although lower frequency of the outcomes resulted in less precise estimates and fewer statistically significant results...

..The purpose of this study was to examine both cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between frequency of family dinner and overweight status in a large sample of 9- to 14-year-old children...

..By the preschool years, racial/ethnic disparities in obesity prevalence are already present. The objective of this study was to examine racial/ethnic differences in early-life risk factors for childhood obesity...

..3, -0.9) for the WRAVMA. Fish consumption of < or =2 servings/week was not associated with a benefit. Dietary recommendations for pregnant women should incorporate the nutritional benefits as well as the risks of fish intake...

Maternal iron intake and iron status during pregnancy and child blood pressure at age 3 years

..Data in humans are limited. We examined in humans the association between venous umbilical cord blood glucocorticoids, a potential marker for placental 11beta-HSD2 enzyme activity, and blood pressure at age 3 years...

Prospective association between milk intake and adiposity in preschool-aged children

..Few studies have examined the overall effect of maternal fish intake during pregnancy on child development or examined whether the developmental benefits of maternal fish intake are greater in infants breastfed for a shorter duration...

Antenatal and postpartum depressive symptoms are differentially associated with early childhood weight and adiposity

..14 [0.11, 2.18]). In conclusion, whereas antenatal depression was associated with smaller size and central adiposity at age 3 years, postpartum depression was associated with higher overall adiposity...

Infant weight gain and school-age blood pressure and cognition in former preterm infants

..However, investigators should assess caffeine, alcohol, and vitamin and supplement use in both the 1st and 2nd trimester, and consider doing so for foods and nutrients for which trimester-specific hypotheses are well substantiated...

..Our objective is to study the association between change in body mass index (BMI) over 1 year and same year change in recreational physical activity and change in recreational inactivity (TV/videos/video games)...

Incidence and remission rates of overweight among children aged 5 to 13 years in a district-wide school surveillance system

..Our aim was to determine the extent to which infant growth-in weight-for-length-from birth to 6 months is associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 3 years and to determine whether this association varies with birth size...

Weight status in childhood as a predictor of becoming overweight or hypertensive in early adulthood

..The objective of this study was to examine whether preponderance of breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life and breastfeeding duration are associated with less maternal restrictive behavior and less pressure to eat...

Smoking, getting drunk, and engaging in bulimic behaviors: in which order are the behaviors adopted?

..The goal was to examine the longitudinal associations of changes in television viewing and other sources of sedentary behavior with changes in leisure-time moderate/vigorous physical activity in adolescence...

Immigration, race/ethnicity, and social and economic factors as predictors of breastfeeding initiation

..The evidence that breastfeeding protects against obesity and a variety of chronic diseases comes almost entirely from observational studies, which have a potential for bias due to confounding, selection bias, and selective publication...