IPv6 Network Overview

This section introduces terms that are fundamental to the IPv6 network topology. The
following figure shows the basic parts of an IPv6 network.

Figure 2-1 Basic Components of an IPv6 Network

The figure depicts an IPv6 network and its connection to an ISP.
The internal network consists of Links 1, 2, 3, and 4. Each link
is populated by hosts and terminated by a router. Link 4, which is
the network's DMZ, is terminated on one end by the boundary router. The
boundary router runs an IPv6 tunnel to an ISP, which provides Internet connectivity
for the network. Links 2 and 3 are administered as Subnet 8a. Subnet
8b consists only of systems on Link 1. Subnet 8c is contiguous with
the DMZ on Link 4.

As illustrated in Figure 2-1, an IPv6 network has essentially the same components
as an IPv4 network. However, IPv6 terminology differs slightly from IPv4 terminology. Here
is a list of familiar terms for network components as they are used
in an IPv6 context.

node

Any system with an IPv6 address and interface that is configured for IPv6 support. This generic term applies to both hosts and routers.

IPv6 router

A node that forwards IPv6 packets. At least one of the router's interfaces must be configured for IPv6 support. An IPv6 router can also advertise the registered IPv6 site prefix for the enterprise over the internal network.

IPv6 host

A node with an IPv6 address. An IPv6 host can have more than one interface that is configured for IPv6 support. As in IPv4, IPv6 hosts do not forward packets.

link

A single, contiguous network medium that is bounded on either end by a router.

neighbor

An IPv6 node that is on the same link as the local node.

IPv6 subnet

The administrative segment of an IPv6 network. Components of an IPv6 subnet can directly correspond to all nodes on a link, as in IPv4. Nodes on a link can be administered in separate subnets, if required. Additionally, IPv6 does support multilink subnets, where nodes on more than one link can be components of a single subnet. Links 2 and 3 in Figure 2-1 are components of multilink Subnet 8a.

IPv6 tunnel

A tunnel that provides a virtual point-to-point path between an IPv6 node and another IPv6 node endpoint. IPv6 supports manually configurable tunnels and automatic 6to4 tunnels.

boundary router

The router at the edge of a network that provides one end of the IPv6 tunnel to an endpoint outside the local network. This router must have at least one IPv6 interface to the internal network. For the external network, the router can have an IPv6 interface or an IPv4 interface.