The invasion of Poland gave rise to modern warfare that was literally powered by the internal combustion engine. Blitzkrieg (German, "lightning war" listen is an anglicised word describing all-motorised force concentration of tanks, infantry, artillery, combat engineers and air power, concentrating overwhelming force at high speed to break through enemy lines, and, once the lines are broken, proceeding without regard to its flank. Through constant motion, the blitzkrieg attempts to keep its enemy off-balance, making it difficult to respond effectively at any given point before the front has already moved on.
During the interwar period, aircraft and tank technologies matured and were combined with systematic application of the German tactics of infiltration and bypassing of enemy strong points. When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Western journalists adopted the term blitzkrieg to describe this form of armoured warfare
S020
Source: Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blitzkrieg

http://www.romanoarchives.tk
1940. German road workers volunteer to occupied Poland. The film shows also various shots of Poland seen by the train.
We are calling "Fair Use" for the musical soundtrack (Demo Only) added in 2010 by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. (Wavespan - Origin of Species - Album "Wavespan")
Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES.
"SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!"
V. Romano
This is a clip from the ROMANO-ARCHIVES' new website "Unknown World War 2 in Color"-"Home Front(s)" section.
At:
http://www.webalice.it/romanoarchives/
Visit also:
http://romanoarchives.altervista.org/
A top quality silent version of this clip is available for licensing or private use
Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your inbox. Clips and movies can also be downloaded from our servers using a PW or uploaded by us to your FTP.

more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/poland_news.html
A look at Poland and the plight of the Poles during World War II.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939–45)
The History of Poland (1939–45) encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany to the end of World War II. The outbreak of the war followed the period of intense armament by Nazi Germany and other neighbors of Poland, with which Poland was unable to keep up because of the country's fundamental economic weakness.
Following the German-Soviet non-aggression treaty, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the German attack on the Soviet Union in summer 1941, Poland was occupied by Germany alone.
Under the two occupations, Polish citizens suffered enormous human and material losses. It is estimated that about 5.7 million Polish citizens died as a result of the German occupation and about 150,000 Polish citizens died as a result of the Soviet occupation. Ethnic Poles were subjected to both the Nazi and Soviet persecution. The Jews were singled out by the Germans for a quick and total annihilation and about 90% of Polish Jews (close to three million people) were murdered. Jews and others were killed en masse at Nazi extermination camps, such as Auschwitz, Treblinka and Sobibór. Ethnic cleansing and massacres of civilian populations, mostly Poles, were perpetrated in western Ukraine from 1943. The historically unprecedented war crimes committed in Poland were divided at the postwar Nuremberg trials into three main categories of wartime criminality: waging a war of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
A Polish resistance movement began organizing soon after the invasions in 1939. Its largest military component was a part of the Polish Underground State network of organizations and activities and became known as the HomeArmy. The whole clandestine structure was formally directed by the Polish government-in-exile through its delegation resident in Poland. There were also peasant, right wing, leftist and Jewish partisan organizations. Among the anti-German uprisings waged were the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the Warsaw Uprising. The latter was a late (August-September 1944), large-scale and ill-fated attempt to prevent the Soviet Union from dominating Poland's postwar government.
Collaboration with the occupiers was limited. The Nazis planned a permanent elimination of any form of Polish statehood and even a longer-term destruction of the Polish nation.
In September 1939 the Polish government officials sought refuge in Romania, but their subsequent internment there prevented the intended continuation abroad as the government of Poland. GeneralWładysław Sikorski, a former prime minister, arrived in France, where a replacement government in exile was soon formed. After the fall of France the Polish government was evacuated to Britain. It was torn by a conflict between the post-Sanation and anti-Sanation elements, with the latter, led by Prime Minister Sikorski, gaining the upper hand because of the support of the French and then the British government. The Polish armed forces had been reconstituted and fought alongside theWestern Allies in France, Britain and elsewhere.
In order to cooperate with the Soviet Union, after the German attack an important war ally of the West, Sikorski negotiated in Moscow with Joseph Stalin and the formation of a Polish army in the Soviet Union was agreed, intended to fight on the Eastern Front alongside the Soviets. The "Anders' Army" was indeed created, but with the Soviet and British permission was instead taken to the Middle East. Further attempts at a Polish-Soviet cooperation were made, but they failed because of the disagreements over the borders, the discovery of the Katyn massacre of Polish POWs perpetrated by the Soviets, and the death of General Sikorski.
Stalin pursued a strategy of facilitating the formation of a Polish government independent of (and in opposition to) the exile government in London. He empowered the Polish communists, whose party he eliminated in 1938 by murdering most of its activists...
Poland was still to experience much internal turbulence and power struggle, but barring the West's war with the Soviet Union, the Soviet domination was a foregone conclusion...

published:21 Nov 2014

views:9632

Last days were unusually cold here in Kobe, frost at night, wintry at day. To remind ourselves warm, still not too hot times at spring we were watching archive files from May this year. We found a trip to PolandWarsaw Zoo. Somehow there was no occasion to publish till now. Kids really had fun there! So here it is - a walk through Zoo guided by Maya and Alex.
Expect other archive movies from time to time :)

Poland (novel)

Poland is a historical novel written by James A. Michener and published in 1983 detailing the times and tribulations of three Polish families (the Lubonski family, the Bukowski family, and the Buk family) across eight centuries, ending in the then-present day (1981).

Overview

Michener was hired by a television company to travel to a foreign country to shoot a documentary. He was offered support to go anywhere in the world and Michener decided to make the trip to Poland. Following this, Michener made several trips back to Poland and conducted extensive study of Poland's history and culture. He began writing the book in 1979 and it was published four years later.

Like Michener's other works, he includes an acknowledgments section at the beginning of the book; however due to the political turmoil in Poland at the time, Michener decided not to include the names of the people he traveled with for fear of persecutions against them. He writes: "Normally, as I have done in my other novels, I would list their names, their impressive occupations, their achievements in research and scholarship, but I cannot ascertain whether in the present climate this would hurt or help them."

Poland (album)

Track listing

All songs written and composed by Edgar Froese, Chris Franke, Johannes Schmoelling.

The four tracks consist of 3-4 distinct sections each. The last two of the four sections of "Tangent" are titled "Polish Dance" (which is notably similar to the composition "Choronzon" from Exit) and "Rare Bird" respectively, and the second section of "Barbakane" is titled "Warsaw in the Sun". There are also further, less known official and unofficial names for some other sections of the album, too. It was also available as a limited edition picture disc which feature the cover photos directly on the LPs' vinyl.

Out of twelve CD releases, only three have the complete album, all others are either missing "Tangent" or have a truncated version of "Barbakane."

See also

References

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Russian:Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик, tr.Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik;IPA:[sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk]) abbreviated to USSR (Russian:СССР, tr.SSSR) or shortened to the Soviet Union (Russian:Сове́тский Сою́з, tr.Sovetskij Soyuz;IPA:[sɐ'vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs]), was a Marxist–Leninist state on the Eurasian continent that existed between 1922 and 1991. A union of multiple subnational Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. The Soviet Union was a one-party state, governed by the Communist Party with Moscow as its capital.

List of Command & Conquer factions

Command & Conquer is a real-time strategy video game series which revolves around conflicts between various competing factions vying for world domination. There are three different storylines, each with three main factions, as well as various minor factions. The majority of these are based on real-world human organizations, such as the Soviet Union and the United States of America, with a single one, the Scrin, being alien.

Tiberium series

The Tiberium series, which includes the original Command and Conquer game, is set in an alternate history. The three main factions of this series are the Global Defense Initiative, Brotherhood of Nod, and Scrin.

Global Defense Initiative

Pathé News

Pathé News was a producer of newsreels, cinemagazines, and documentaries from 1910 until 1970 in the United Kingdom. Its founder, Charles Pathé, was a pioneer of moving pictures in the silent era. The Pathé News archive is known today as British Pathé. Its collection of news film and movies is fully digitised and available online.

History

Its roots lie in 1896 Paris, France, when Société Pathé Frères was founded by Charles Pathé and his brothers, who pioneered the development of the moving image. Charles Pathé adopted the national emblem of France, the cockerel, as the trademark for his company. After the company, now called Compagnie Générale des Éstablissements Pathé Frère Pt'honographes & Cinématographes, invented the cinema newsreel with Pathé-Journal. French Pathé began its newsreel in 1908 and opened a newsreel office in Wardour Street, London in 1910.

The newsreels were shown in the cinema and were silent until 1928. At first they ran for about four minutes, and were issued biweekly. Even though during the early days the camera shots were taken from a stationary position, the Pathé newsreels captured events such as Franz Reichelt's fatal parachute jump from the Eiffel Tower, and suffragette Emily Davison's fatal injury by a racehorse at the 1913 Epsom Derby.

Although the Austrian, German and Russian administrations exerted much pressure on the Polish nation (during the 19th and early 20th centuries) following the Partitions of Poland, which resulted in attempts to suppress the Polish language, a rich literature has regardless developed over the centuries and the language currently has the largest number of speakers of the West Slavic group. It is also the second most widely spoken Slavic language, after Russian and just ahead of Ukrainian, which comes third.

TVG-9 ARCHIVES 17.09.1939 - Soviet Invasion of Poland

Captured Film -- Germany Invades Poland 1939

The invasion of Poland gave rise to modern warfare that was literally powered by the internal combustion engine. Blitzkrieg (German, "lightning war" listen is an anglicised word describing all-motorised force concentration of tanks, infantry, artillery, combat engineers and air power, concentrating overwhelming force at high speed to break through enemy lines, and, once the lines are broken, proceeding without regard to its flank. Through constant motion, the blitzkrieg attempts to keep its enemy off-balance, making it difficult to respond effectively at any given point before the front has already moved on.
During the interwar period, aircraft and tank technologies matured and were combined with systematic application of the German tactics of infiltration and bypassing of enemy strong points. When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Western journalists adopted the term blitzkrieg to describe this form of armoured warfare
S020
Source: Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blitzkrieg

ABC - 1990 News reports on the collapse of communism

1940 German Road Workers Trip to Occupied Poland

http://www.romanoarchives.tk
1940. German road workers volunteer to occupied Poland. The film shows also various shots of Poland seen by the train.
We are calling "Fair Use" for the musical soundtrack (Demo Only) added in 2010 by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. (Wavespan - Origin of Species - Album "Wavespan")
Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES.
"SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!"
V. Romano
This is a clip from the ROMANO-ARCHIVES' new website "Unknown World War 2 in Color"-"Home Front(s)" section.
At:
http://www.webalice.it/romanoarchives/
Visit also:
http://romanoarchives.altervista.org/
A top quality silent version of this clip is available for licensing or private use
Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your inbox. Clips and movies can also be downloaded from our servers using a PW or uploaded by us to your FTP.

This Is Poland circa 1942 Concanen Films

more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/poland_news.html
A look at Poland and the plight of the Poles during World War II.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939–45)
The History of Poland (1939–45) encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany to the end of World War II. The outbreak of the war followed the period of intense armament by Nazi Germany and other neighbors of Poland, with which Poland was unable to keep up because of the country's fundamental economic weakness.
Following the German-Soviet non-aggression treaty, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the German attack on the Soviet Union in summer 1941, Poland was occupied by Germany alone.
Under the two occupations, Polish citizens suffered enormous human and material losses. It is estimated that about 5.7 million Polish citizens died as a result of the German occupation and about 150,000 Polish citizens died as a result of the Soviet occupation. Ethnic Poles were subjected to both the Nazi and Soviet persecution. The Jews were singled out by the Germans for a quick and total annihilation and about 90% of Polish Jews (close to three million people) were murdered. Jews and others were killed en masse at Nazi extermination camps, such as Auschwitz, Treblinka and Sobibór. Ethnic cleansing and massacres of civilian populations, mostly Poles, were perpetrated in western Ukraine from 1943. The historically unprecedented war crimes committed in Poland were divided at the postwar Nuremberg trials into three main categories of wartime criminality: waging a war of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
A Polish resistance movement began organizing soon after the invasions in 1939. Its largest military component was a part of the Polish Underground State network of organizations and activities and became known as the HomeArmy. The whole clandestine structure was formally directed by the Polish government-in-exile through its delegation resident in Poland. There were also peasant, right wing, leftist and Jewish partisan organizations. Among the anti-German uprisings waged were the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the Warsaw Uprising. The latter was a late (August-September 1944), large-scale and ill-fated attempt to prevent the Soviet Union from dominating Poland's postwar government.
Collaboration with the occupiers was limited. The Nazis planned a permanent elimination of any form of Polish statehood and even a longer-term destruction of the Polish nation.
In September 1939 the Polish government officials sought refuge in Romania, but their subsequent internment there prevented the intended continuation abroad as the government of Poland. GeneralWładysław Sikorski, a former prime minister, arrived in France, where a replacement government in exile was soon formed. After the fall of France the Polish government was evacuated to Britain. It was torn by a conflict between the post-Sanation and anti-Sanation elements, with the latter, led by Prime Minister Sikorski, gaining the upper hand because of the support of the French and then the British government. The Polish armed forces had been reconstituted and fought alongside theWestern Allies in France, Britain and elsewhere.
In order to cooperate with the Soviet Union, after the German attack an important war ally of the West, Sikorski negotiated in Moscow with Joseph Stalin and the formation of a Polish army in the Soviet Union was agreed, intended to fight on the Eastern Front alongside the Soviets. The "Anders' Army" was indeed created, but with the Soviet and British permission was instead taken to the Middle East. Further attempts at a Polish-Soviet cooperation were made, but they failed because of the disagreements over the borders, the discovery of the Katyn massacre of Polish POWs perpetrated by the Soviets, and the death of General Sikorski.
Stalin pursued a strategy of facilitating the formation of a Polish government independent of (and in opposition to) the exile government in London. He empowered the Polish communists, whose party he eliminated in 1938 by murdering most of its activists...
Poland was still to experience much internal turbulence and power struggle, but barring the West's war with the Soviet Union, the Soviet domination was a foregone conclusion...

13:46

From Archives: Poland Trip 2014 - Warsaw Zoo

From Archives: Poland Trip 2014 - Warsaw Zoo

From Archives: Poland Trip 2014 - Warsaw Zoo

Last days were unusually cold here in Kobe, frost at night, wintry at day. To remind ourselves warm, still not too hot times at spring we were watching archive files from May this year. We found a trip to PolandWarsaw Zoo. Somehow there was no occasion to publish till now. Kids really had fun there! So here it is - a walk through Zoo guided by Maya and Alex.
Expect other archive movies from time to time :)

20:10

German Invasion of Poland in 1939 | Captured German Film | World War 2 Documentary

German Invasion of Poland in 1939 | Captured German Film | World War 2 Documentary

German Invasion of Poland in 1939 | Captured German Film | World War 2 Documentary

Poland in the 1930's. Archive film 61391

Poland, 1930's. A grand house with white pillars at the entrance. A man dressed in fur lined jacket and tall leather boots greets a lady also in fur jacket and a dog runs at their feet, the man puts a cap on his head. Man (similarly dressed) walk towards a farm building with machinery in front, some holding tools, one lady wears a shawl. Close up one holds a walking stick (although young) and instructs a group of peasants. A lady has a cloth over her head, the men around her have flat caps. The lady talks to the landowner and the others wander around her, the landlord shakes his stick a lot. A man fixes something on a horses tail. A peasant family sit in a dark house, the father brushing or polishing something, the mother cooking on a stove, and young girl in very 'traditional' clothing gets up and walks out. Close up of the man, as bread is buttered before him. He takes a bit and eats, smiling toothlessly at the camera - he's dressed in trousers, white sleeved shirt and leather waist-coat.
A Catholic procession down a street, four Priests lead the way, holding Sceptres (possibly), behind walk girls in costume and hold tapestries and banners. A close up of the girls. Men and boys wearing white robes follow solemnly with bowed heads. Crowds follow, some boys ringing small bells.
A Jewish Ghetto: a dirty street, debris at the sides, an archway ahead, leading to more streets, some children play at the front, two seem to carry a dead pine or fern tree. A busy street side centred on a shop, crowds walk past. The camera focuses on the items in the shop window (clothing?) and then on an old lady and man - assumingly Jewish - the man wears a dark long jacket, and a hat, he has a long bushy white beard and moustache, the lady next to him has a cloth hat and scarf. Close up of the man nodding and smiling. Close up of the lady smiling and licking her lips. Two young boys with traditional Hassidic hair styles and hat.
A pick-axe dragging through rubble, a man in a cap digging with it. A man loading carts with stones of some kind in a mine, a winch turns to carry this up. A lady in a big checked cardigan pours out milk from a large jug to the miners as they leave a building and take their masks off. Close up of a man drinking. A very large jug pours some kind of liquid into brick shaped moulds and someone scrapes the top smooth. Signs reading Giesche and Electrolyt. A town square with buildings and statues in the background - a market, many stalls of fruit and vegetables. A fruit stall with man buying, further along what looks like sacks of nuts. Twenty or thirty ladies push prams around a park - picture of calm.
A young boy runs down a street with a bundle of newspapers under his arm. Groupof pedestrians read newspapers next to an advertising board. Girls youth group marches down a street in the Free City of Danzig under the NaziSwastika. The Polish Army marching down a street. The President Moscicki hands over power (represented by a Sceptre) to General Smigly-Rydz, who bows and shakes his hand, then the President embraces the General. A guard on horse back controls a crowd, on the background the Polish flag hangs from a building. The Polish Army marches proudly through a town, pulling cannons, in the background more soldiers in columns just before the start of World War Two in 1939.

A view inside the largest Nazi extermination camp- Auschwitz Concentration Camp, where the death toll amounted to 1.1 million people. This particular footage was taken after the 322nd Rifle Division of the Red Army had liberated the camp in Poland on January 27, 1945.
For Archive Licensing Enquiries Visit: https://goo.gl/W4hZBv
Explore Our OnlineChannel For FULL Documentaries, Fascinating Interviews & ClassicMovies: https://goo.gl/7dVe8r
#BritishPathé #History #WWIILicense this Film: http://britishpathe.com/page/licensing
Subscribe to the British Pathé YT Channel: https://goo.gl/hV1nkf
Subscribe to the British Pathé War Archives YT Channel: https://goo.gl/QY21c9
Subscribe to the British Pathé Vintage Fashions YT Channel: https://goo.gl/XT1Zo7
Subscribe to the British Pathé Sporting History YT Channel: https://goo.gl/ELDCsT
Shocking Footage from Auschwitz Concentration Camp. Auschwitz was the largest of the Nazi extermination camps. This distressing footage was taken after the 322nd Rifle Division of the Red Army liberated the camp in Poland on January 27, 1945. The official death toll for this camp alone was 1.1million. Music: "Lonely Planet" by Paul Mottram
BRITISH PATHÉ'S STORY
Before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news. British Pathé was at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment to popular effect. Over the course of a century, it documented everything from major armed conflicts and seismic political crises to the curious hobbies and eccentric lives of ordinary people. If it happened, British Pathé filmed it.
Now considered to be the finest newsreel archive in the world, British Pathé is a treasure trove of 85,000 films unrivalled in their historical and cultural significance.

TVG-9 ARCHIVES 17.09.1939 - Soviet Invasion of Poland

Captured Film -- Germany Invades Poland 1939

The invasion of Poland gave rise to modern warfare that was literally powered by the internal combustion engine. Blitzkrieg (German, "lightning war" listen is an anglicised word describing all-motorised force concentration of tanks, infantry, artillery, combat engineers and air power, concentrating overwhelming force at high speed to break through enemy lines, and, once the lines are broken, proceeding without regard to its flank. Through constant motion, the blitzkrieg attempts to keep its enemy off-balance, making it difficult to respond effectively at any given point before the front has already moved on.
During the interwar period, aircraft and tank technologies matured and were combined with systematic application of the German tactics of infiltration and bypassing of enemy strong p...

ABC - 1990 News reports on the collapse of communism

1940 German Road Workers Trip to Occupied Poland

http://www.romanoarchives.tk
1940. German road workers volunteer to occupied Poland. The film shows also various shots of Poland seen by the train.
We are calling "Fair Use" for the musical soundtrack (Demo Only) added in 2010 by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. (Wavespan - Origin of Species - Album "Wavespan")
Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES.
"SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!"
V. Romano
This is a clip from the ROMANO-ARCHIVES' new website "Unknown World War 2 in Color"-"Home Front(s)" section.
At:
http://www.webalice.it/romanoarchives/
Visit also:
http://romanoarchives.altervista.org/
A top quality silent version of this clip is available for licensing or private use
Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your i...

This Is Poland circa 1942 Concanen Films

more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/poland_news.html
A look at Poland and the plight of the Poles during World War II.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939–45)
The History of Poland (1939–45) encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany to the end of World War II. The outbreak of the war followed the period of intense armament by Nazi...

published: 21 Nov 2014

From Archives: Poland Trip 2014 - Warsaw Zoo

Last days were unusually cold here in Kobe, frost at night, wintry at day. To remind ourselves warm, still not too hot times at spring we were watching archive files from May this year. We found a trip to PolandWarsaw Zoo. Somehow there was no occasion to publish till now. Kids really had fun there! So here it is - a walk through Zoo guided by Maya and Alex.
Expect other archive movies from time to time :)

published: 19 Dec 2014

German Invasion of Poland in 1939 | Captured German Film | World War 2 Documentary

Poland in the 1930's. Archive film 61391

Poland, 1930's. A grand house with white pillars at the entrance. A man dressed in fur lined jacket and tall leather boots greets a lady also in fur jacket and a dog runs at their feet, the man puts a cap on his head. Man (similarly dressed) walk towards a farm building with machinery in front, some holding tools, one lady wears a shawl. Close up one holds a walking stick (although young) and instructs a group of peasants. A lady has a cloth over her head, the men around her have flat caps. The lady talks to the landowner and the others wander around her, the landlord shakes his stick a lot. A man fixes something on a horses tail. A peasant family sit in a dark house, the father brushing or polishing something, the mother cooking on a stove, and young girl in very 'traditional' cl...

The invasion of Poland gave rise to modern warfare that was literally powered by the internal combustion engine. Blitzkrieg (German, "lightning war" listen is an anglicised word describing all-motorised force concentration of tanks, infantry, artillery, combat engineers and air power, concentrating overwhelming force at high speed to break through enemy lines, and, once the lines are broken, proceeding without regard to its flank. Through constant motion, the blitzkrieg attempts to keep its enemy off-balance, making it difficult to respond effectively at any given point before the front has already moved on.
During the interwar period, aircraft and tank technologies matured and were combined with systematic application of the German tactics of infiltration and bypassing of enemy strong points. When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Western journalists adopted the term blitzkrieg to describe this form of armoured warfare
S020
Source: Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blitzkrieg

The invasion of Poland gave rise to modern warfare that was literally powered by the internal combustion engine. Blitzkrieg (German, "lightning war" listen is an anglicised word describing all-motorised force concentration of tanks, infantry, artillery, combat engineers and air power, concentrating overwhelming force at high speed to break through enemy lines, and, once the lines are broken, proceeding without regard to its flank. Through constant motion, the blitzkrieg attempts to keep its enemy off-balance, making it difficult to respond effectively at any given point before the front has already moved on.
During the interwar period, aircraft and tank technologies matured and were combined with systematic application of the German tactics of infiltration and bypassing of enemy strong points. When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Western journalists adopted the term blitzkrieg to describe this form of armoured warfare
S020
Source: Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blitzkrieg

http://www.romanoarchives.tk
1940. German road workers volunteer to occupied Poland. The film shows also various shots of Poland seen by the train.
We are calling "Fair Use" for the musical soundtrack (Demo Only) added in 2010 by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. (Wavespan - Origin of Species - Album "Wavespan")
Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES.
"SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!"
V. Romano
This is a clip from the ROMANO-ARCHIVES' new website "Unknown World War 2 in Color"-"Home Front(s)" section.
At:
http://www.webalice.it/romanoarchives/
Visit also:
http://romanoarchives.altervista.org/
A top quality silent version of this clip is available for licensing or private use
Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your inbox. Clips and movies can also be downloaded from our servers using a PW or uploaded by us to your FTP.

http://www.romanoarchives.tk
1940. German road workers volunteer to occupied Poland. The film shows also various shots of Poland seen by the train.
We are calling "Fair Use" for the musical soundtrack (Demo Only) added in 2010 by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. (Wavespan - Origin of Species - Album "Wavespan")
Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES.
"SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!"
V. Romano
This is a clip from the ROMANO-ARCHIVES' new website "Unknown World War 2 in Color"-"Home Front(s)" section.
At:
http://www.webalice.it/romanoarchives/
Visit also:
http://romanoarchives.altervista.org/
A top quality silent version of this clip is available for licensing or private use
Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your inbox. Clips and movies can also be downloaded from our servers using a PW or uploaded by us to your FTP.

more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/poland_news.html
A look at Poland and the plight of the Poles during World War II.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939–45)
The History of Poland (1939–45) encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany to the end of World War II. The outbreak of the war followed the period of intense armament by Nazi Germany and other neighbors of Poland, with which Poland was unable to keep up because of the country's fundamental economic weakness.
Following the German-Soviet non-aggression treaty, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the German attack on the Soviet Union in summer 1941, Poland was occupied by Germany alone.
Under the two occupations, Polish citizens suffered enormous human and material losses. It is estimated that about 5.7 million Polish citizens died as a result of the German occupation and about 150,000 Polish citizens died as a result of the Soviet occupation. Ethnic Poles were subjected to both the Nazi and Soviet persecution. The Jews were singled out by the Germans for a quick and total annihilation and about 90% of Polish Jews (close to three million people) were murdered. Jews and others were killed en masse at Nazi extermination camps, such as Auschwitz, Treblinka and Sobibór. Ethnic cleansing and massacres of civilian populations, mostly Poles, were perpetrated in western Ukraine from 1943. The historically unprecedented war crimes committed in Poland were divided at the postwar Nuremberg trials into three main categories of wartime criminality: waging a war of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
A Polish resistance movement began organizing soon after the invasions in 1939. Its largest military component was a part of the Polish Underground State network of organizations and activities and became known as the HomeArmy. The whole clandestine structure was formally directed by the Polish government-in-exile through its delegation resident in Poland. There were also peasant, right wing, leftist and Jewish partisan organizations. Among the anti-German uprisings waged were the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the Warsaw Uprising. The latter was a late (August-September 1944), large-scale and ill-fated attempt to prevent the Soviet Union from dominating Poland's postwar government.
Collaboration with the occupiers was limited. The Nazis planned a permanent elimination of any form of Polish statehood and even a longer-term destruction of the Polish nation.
In September 1939 the Polish government officials sought refuge in Romania, but their subsequent internment there prevented the intended continuation abroad as the government of Poland. GeneralWładysław Sikorski, a former prime minister, arrived in France, where a replacement government in exile was soon formed. After the fall of France the Polish government was evacuated to Britain. It was torn by a conflict between the post-Sanation and anti-Sanation elements, with the latter, led by Prime Minister Sikorski, gaining the upper hand because of the support of the French and then the British government. The Polish armed forces had been reconstituted and fought alongside theWestern Allies in France, Britain and elsewhere.
In order to cooperate with the Soviet Union, after the German attack an important war ally of the West, Sikorski negotiated in Moscow with Joseph Stalin and the formation of a Polish army in the Soviet Union was agreed, intended to fight on the Eastern Front alongside the Soviets. The "Anders' Army" was indeed created, but with the Soviet and British permission was instead taken to the Middle East. Further attempts at a Polish-Soviet cooperation were made, but they failed because of the disagreements over the borders, the discovery of the Katyn massacre of Polish POWs perpetrated by the Soviets, and the death of General Sikorski.
Stalin pursued a strategy of facilitating the formation of a Polish government independent of (and in opposition to) the exile government in London. He empowered the Polish communists, whose party he eliminated in 1938 by murdering most of its activists...
Poland was still to experience much internal turbulence and power struggle, but barring the West's war with the Soviet Union, the Soviet domination was a foregone conclusion...

more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/poland_news.html
A look at Poland and the plight of the Poles during World War II.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939–45)
The History of Poland (1939–45) encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany to the end of World War II. The outbreak of the war followed the period of intense armament by Nazi Germany and other neighbors of Poland, with which Poland was unable to keep up because of the country's fundamental economic weakness.
Following the German-Soviet non-aggression treaty, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the German attack on the Soviet Union in summer 1941, Poland was occupied by Germany alone.
Under the two occupations, Polish citizens suffered enormous human and material losses. It is estimated that about 5.7 million Polish citizens died as a result of the German occupation and about 150,000 Polish citizens died as a result of the Soviet occupation. Ethnic Poles were subjected to both the Nazi and Soviet persecution. The Jews were singled out by the Germans for a quick and total annihilation and about 90% of Polish Jews (close to three million people) were murdered. Jews and others were killed en masse at Nazi extermination camps, such as Auschwitz, Treblinka and Sobibór. Ethnic cleansing and massacres of civilian populations, mostly Poles, were perpetrated in western Ukraine from 1943. The historically unprecedented war crimes committed in Poland were divided at the postwar Nuremberg trials into three main categories of wartime criminality: waging a war of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
A Polish resistance movement began organizing soon after the invasions in 1939. Its largest military component was a part of the Polish Underground State network of organizations and activities and became known as the HomeArmy. The whole clandestine structure was formally directed by the Polish government-in-exile through its delegation resident in Poland. There were also peasant, right wing, leftist and Jewish partisan organizations. Among the anti-German uprisings waged were the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the Warsaw Uprising. The latter was a late (August-September 1944), large-scale and ill-fated attempt to prevent the Soviet Union from dominating Poland's postwar government.
Collaboration with the occupiers was limited. The Nazis planned a permanent elimination of any form of Polish statehood and even a longer-term destruction of the Polish nation.
In September 1939 the Polish government officials sought refuge in Romania, but their subsequent internment there prevented the intended continuation abroad as the government of Poland. GeneralWładysław Sikorski, a former prime minister, arrived in France, where a replacement government in exile was soon formed. After the fall of France the Polish government was evacuated to Britain. It was torn by a conflict between the post-Sanation and anti-Sanation elements, with the latter, led by Prime Minister Sikorski, gaining the upper hand because of the support of the French and then the British government. The Polish armed forces had been reconstituted and fought alongside theWestern Allies in France, Britain and elsewhere.
In order to cooperate with the Soviet Union, after the German attack an important war ally of the West, Sikorski negotiated in Moscow with Joseph Stalin and the formation of a Polish army in the Soviet Union was agreed, intended to fight on the Eastern Front alongside the Soviets. The "Anders' Army" was indeed created, but with the Soviet and British permission was instead taken to the Middle East. Further attempts at a Polish-Soviet cooperation were made, but they failed because of the disagreements over the borders, the discovery of the Katyn massacre of Polish POWs perpetrated by the Soviets, and the death of General Sikorski.
Stalin pursued a strategy of facilitating the formation of a Polish government independent of (and in opposition to) the exile government in London. He empowered the Polish communists, whose party he eliminated in 1938 by murdering most of its activists...
Poland was still to experience much internal turbulence and power struggle, but barring the West's war with the Soviet Union, the Soviet domination was a foregone conclusion...

From Archives: Poland Trip 2014 - Warsaw Zoo

Last days were unusually cold here in Kobe, frost at night, wintry at day. To remind ourselves warm, still not too hot times at spring we were watching archive ...

Last days were unusually cold here in Kobe, frost at night, wintry at day. To remind ourselves warm, still not too hot times at spring we were watching archive files from May this year. We found a trip to PolandWarsaw Zoo. Somehow there was no occasion to publish till now. Kids really had fun there! So here it is - a walk through Zoo guided by Maya and Alex.
Expect other archive movies from time to time :)

Last days were unusually cold here in Kobe, frost at night, wintry at day. To remind ourselves warm, still not too hot times at spring we were watching archive files from May this year. We found a trip to PolandWarsaw Zoo. Somehow there was no occasion to publish till now. Kids really had fun there! So here it is - a walk through Zoo guided by Maya and Alex.
Expect other archive movies from time to time :)

Poland in the 1930's. Archive film 61391

Poland, 1930's. A grand house with white pillars at the entrance. A man dressed in fur lined jacket and tall leather boots greets a lady also in fur jacket an...

Poland, 1930's. A grand house with white pillars at the entrance. A man dressed in fur lined jacket and tall leather boots greets a lady also in fur jacket and a dog runs at their feet, the man puts a cap on his head. Man (similarly dressed) walk towards a farm building with machinery in front, some holding tools, one lady wears a shawl. Close up one holds a walking stick (although young) and instructs a group of peasants. A lady has a cloth over her head, the men around her have flat caps. The lady talks to the landowner and the others wander around her, the landlord shakes his stick a lot. A man fixes something on a horses tail. A peasant family sit in a dark house, the father brushing or polishing something, the mother cooking on a stove, and young girl in very 'traditional' clothing gets up and walks out. Close up of the man, as bread is buttered before him. He takes a bit and eats, smiling toothlessly at the camera - he's dressed in trousers, white sleeved shirt and leather waist-coat.
A Catholic procession down a street, four Priests lead the way, holding Sceptres (possibly), behind walk girls in costume and hold tapestries and banners. A close up of the girls. Men and boys wearing white robes follow solemnly with bowed heads. Crowds follow, some boys ringing small bells.
A Jewish Ghetto: a dirty street, debris at the sides, an archway ahead, leading to more streets, some children play at the front, two seem to carry a dead pine or fern tree. A busy street side centred on a shop, crowds walk past. The camera focuses on the items in the shop window (clothing?) and then on an old lady and man - assumingly Jewish - the man wears a dark long jacket, and a hat, he has a long bushy white beard and moustache, the lady next to him has a cloth hat and scarf. Close up of the man nodding and smiling. Close up of the lady smiling and licking her lips. Two young boys with traditional Hassidic hair styles and hat.
A pick-axe dragging through rubble, a man in a cap digging with it. A man loading carts with stones of some kind in a mine, a winch turns to carry this up. A lady in a big checked cardigan pours out milk from a large jug to the miners as they leave a building and take their masks off. Close up of a man drinking. A very large jug pours some kind of liquid into brick shaped moulds and someone scrapes the top smooth. Signs reading Giesche and Electrolyt. A town square with buildings and statues in the background - a market, many stalls of fruit and vegetables. A fruit stall with man buying, further along what looks like sacks of nuts. Twenty or thirty ladies push prams around a park - picture of calm.
A young boy runs down a street with a bundle of newspapers under his arm. Groupof pedestrians read newspapers next to an advertising board. Girls youth group marches down a street in the Free City of Danzig under the NaziSwastika. The Polish Army marching down a street. The President Moscicki hands over power (represented by a Sceptre) to General Smigly-Rydz, who bows and shakes his hand, then the President embraces the General. A guard on horse back controls a crowd, on the background the Polish flag hangs from a building. The Polish Army marches proudly through a town, pulling cannons, in the background more soldiers in columns just before the start of World War Two in 1939.

Poland, 1930's. A grand house with white pillars at the entrance. A man dressed in fur lined jacket and tall leather boots greets a lady also in fur jacket and a dog runs at their feet, the man puts a cap on his head. Man (similarly dressed) walk towards a farm building with machinery in front, some holding tools, one lady wears a shawl. Close up one holds a walking stick (although young) and instructs a group of peasants. A lady has a cloth over her head, the men around her have flat caps. The lady talks to the landowner and the others wander around her, the landlord shakes his stick a lot. A man fixes something on a horses tail. A peasant family sit in a dark house, the father brushing or polishing something, the mother cooking on a stove, and young girl in very 'traditional' clothing gets up and walks out. Close up of the man, as bread is buttered before him. He takes a bit and eats, smiling toothlessly at the camera - he's dressed in trousers, white sleeved shirt and leather waist-coat.
A Catholic procession down a street, four Priests lead the way, holding Sceptres (possibly), behind walk girls in costume and hold tapestries and banners. A close up of the girls. Men and boys wearing white robes follow solemnly with bowed heads. Crowds follow, some boys ringing small bells.
A Jewish Ghetto: a dirty street, debris at the sides, an archway ahead, leading to more streets, some children play at the front, two seem to carry a dead pine or fern tree. A busy street side centred on a shop, crowds walk past. The camera focuses on the items in the shop window (clothing?) and then on an old lady and man - assumingly Jewish - the man wears a dark long jacket, and a hat, he has a long bushy white beard and moustache, the lady next to him has a cloth hat and scarf. Close up of the man nodding and smiling. Close up of the lady smiling and licking her lips. Two young boys with traditional Hassidic hair styles and hat.
A pick-axe dragging through rubble, a man in a cap digging with it. A man loading carts with stones of some kind in a mine, a winch turns to carry this up. A lady in a big checked cardigan pours out milk from a large jug to the miners as they leave a building and take their masks off. Close up of a man drinking. A very large jug pours some kind of liquid into brick shaped moulds and someone scrapes the top smooth. Signs reading Giesche and Electrolyt. A town square with buildings and statues in the background - a market, many stalls of fruit and vegetables. A fruit stall with man buying, further along what looks like sacks of nuts. Twenty or thirty ladies push prams around a park - picture of calm.
A young boy runs down a street with a bundle of newspapers under his arm. Groupof pedestrians read newspapers next to an advertising board. Girls youth group marches down a street in the Free City of Danzig under the NaziSwastika. The Polish Army marching down a street. The President Moscicki hands over power (represented by a Sceptre) to General Smigly-Rydz, who bows and shakes his hand, then the President embraces the General. A guard on horse back controls a crowd, on the background the Polish flag hangs from a building. The Polish Army marches proudly through a town, pulling cannons, in the background more soldiers in columns just before the start of World War Two in 1939.

A view inside the largest Nazi extermination camp- Auschwitz Concentration Camp, where the death toll amounted to 1.1 million people. This particular footage was taken after the 322nd Rifle Division of the Red Army had liberated the camp in Poland on January 27, 1945.
For Archive Licensing Enquiries Visit: https://goo.gl/W4hZBv
Explore Our OnlineChannel For FULL Documentaries, Fascinating Interviews & ClassicMovies: https://goo.gl/7dVe8r
#BritishPathé #History #WWIILicense this Film: http://britishpathe.com/page/licensing
Subscribe to the British Pathé YT Channel: https://goo.gl/hV1nkf
Subscribe to the British Pathé War Archives YT Channel: https://goo.gl/QY21c9
Subscribe to the British Pathé Vintage Fashions YT Channel: https://goo.gl/XT1Zo7
Subscribe to the British Pathé Sporting History YT Channel: https://goo.gl/ELDCsT
Shocking Footage from Auschwitz Concentration Camp. Auschwitz was the largest of the Nazi extermination camps. This distressing footage was taken after the 322nd Rifle Division of the Red Army liberated the camp in Poland on January 27, 1945. The official death toll for this camp alone was 1.1million. Music: "Lonely Planet" by Paul Mottram
BRITISH PATHÉ'S STORY
Before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news. British Pathé was at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment to popular effect. Over the course of a century, it documented everything from major armed conflicts and seismic political crises to the curious hobbies and eccentric lives of ordinary people. If it happened, British Pathé filmed it.
Now considered to be the finest newsreel archive in the world, British Pathé is a treasure trove of 85,000 films unrivalled in their historical and cultural significance.

A view inside the largest Nazi extermination camp- Auschwitz Concentration Camp, where the death toll amounted to 1.1 million people. This particular footage was taken after the 322nd Rifle Division of the Red Army had liberated the camp in Poland on January 27, 1945.
For Archive Licensing Enquiries Visit: https://goo.gl/W4hZBv
Explore Our OnlineChannel For FULL Documentaries, Fascinating Interviews & ClassicMovies: https://goo.gl/7dVe8r
#BritishPathé #History #WWIILicense this Film: http://britishpathe.com/page/licensing
Subscribe to the British Pathé YT Channel: https://goo.gl/hV1nkf
Subscribe to the British Pathé War Archives YT Channel: https://goo.gl/QY21c9
Subscribe to the British Pathé Vintage Fashions YT Channel: https://goo.gl/XT1Zo7
Subscribe to the British Pathé Sporting History YT Channel: https://goo.gl/ELDCsT
Shocking Footage from Auschwitz Concentration Camp. Auschwitz was the largest of the Nazi extermination camps. This distressing footage was taken after the 322nd Rifle Division of the Red Army liberated the camp in Poland on January 27, 1945. The official death toll for this camp alone was 1.1million. Music: "Lonely Planet" by Paul Mottram
BRITISH PATHÉ'S STORY
Before television, people came to movie theatres to watch the news. British Pathé was at the forefront of cinematic journalism, blending information with entertainment to popular effect. Over the course of a century, it documented everything from major armed conflicts and seismic political crises to the curious hobbies and eccentric lives of ordinary people. If it happened, British Pathé filmed it.
Now considered to be the finest newsreel archive in the world, British Pathé is a treasure trove of 85,000 films unrivalled in their historical and cultural significance.

Captured Film -- Germany Invades Poland 1939

The invasion of Poland gave rise to modern warfare that was literally powered by the internal combustion engine. Blitzkrieg (German, "lightning war" listen is an anglicised word describing all-motorised force concentration of tanks, infantry, artillery, combat engineers and air power, concentrating overwhelming force at high speed to break through enemy lines, and, once the lines are broken, proceeding without regard to its flank. Through constant motion, the blitzkrieg attempts to keep its enemy off-balance, making it difficult to respond effectively at any given point before the front has already moved on.
During the interwar period, aircraft and tank technologies matured and were combined with systematic application of the German tactics of infiltration and bypassing of enemy strong points. When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Western journalists adopted the term blitzkrieg to describe this form of armoured warfare
S020
Source: Wikipediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blitzkrieg

1940 German Road Workers Trip to Occupied Poland

http://www.romanoarchives.tk
1940. German road workers volunteer to occupied Poland. The film shows also various shots of Poland seen by the train.
We are calling "Fair Use" for the musical soundtrack (Demo Only) added in 2010 by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. (Wavespan - Origin of Species - Album "Wavespan")
Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES.
"SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!"
V. Romano
This is a clip from the ROMANO-ARCHIVES' new website "Unknown World War 2 in Color"-"Home Front(s)" section.
At:
http://www.webalice.it/romanoarchives/
Visit also:
http://romanoarchives.altervista.org/
A top quality silent version of this clip is available for licensing or private use
Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your inbox. Clips and movies can also be downloaded from our servers using a PW or uploaded by us to your FTP.

This Is Poland circa 1942 Concanen Films

more at http://news.quickfound.net/intl/poland_news.html
A look at Poland and the plight of the Poles during World War II.
Public domain film from the Prelinger Archives, slightly cropped to remove uneven edges, with the aspect ratio corrected, and mild video noise reduction applied.
The soundtrack was also processed with volume normalization, noise reduction, clipping reduction, and/or equalization (the resulting sound, though not perfect, is far less noisy than the original).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939–45)
The History of Poland (1939–45) encompasses primarily the period from the Invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany to the end of World War II. The outbreak of the war followed the period of intense armament by Nazi Germany and other neighbors of Poland, with which Poland was unable to keep up because of the country's fundamental economic weakness.
Following the German-Soviet non-aggression treaty, Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union on 17 September. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union dividing and annexing the whole of Poland. After the German attack on the Soviet Union in summer 1941, Poland was occupied by Germany alone.
Under the two occupations, Polish citizens suffered enormous human and material losses. It is estimated that about 5.7 million Polish citizens died as a result of the German occupation and about 150,000 Polish citizens died as a result of the Soviet occupation. Ethnic Poles were subjected to both the Nazi and Soviet persecution. The Jews were singled out by the Germans for a quick and total annihilation and about 90% of Polish Jews (close to three million people) were murdered. Jews and others were killed en masse at Nazi extermination camps, such as Auschwitz, Treblinka and Sobibór. Ethnic cleansing and massacres of civilian populations, mostly Poles, were perpetrated in western Ukraine from 1943. The historically unprecedented war crimes committed in Poland were divided at the postwar Nuremberg trials into three main categories of wartime criminality: waging a war of aggression, war crimes, and crimes against humanity.
A Polish resistance movement began organizing soon after the invasions in 1939. Its largest military component was a part of the Polish Underground State network of organizations and activities and became known as the HomeArmy. The whole clandestine structure was formally directed by the Polish government-in-exile through its delegation resident in Poland. There were also peasant, right wing, leftist and Jewish partisan organizations. Among the anti-German uprisings waged were the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the Warsaw Uprising. The latter was a late (August-September 1944), large-scale and ill-fated attempt to prevent the Soviet Union from dominating Poland's postwar government.
Collaboration with the occupiers was limited. The Nazis planned a permanent elimination of any form of Polish statehood and even a longer-term destruction of the Polish nation.
In September 1939 the Polish government officials sought refuge in Romania, but their subsequent internment there prevented the intended continuation abroad as the government of Poland. GeneralWładysław Sikorski, a former prime minister, arrived in France, where a replacement government in exile was soon formed. After the fall of France the Polish government was evacuated to Britain. It was torn by a conflict between the post-Sanation and anti-Sanation elements, with the latter, led by Prime Minister Sikorski, gaining the upper hand because of the support of the French and then the British government. The Polish armed forces had been reconstituted and fought alongside theWestern Allies in France, Britain and elsewhere.
In order to cooperate with the Soviet Union, after the German attack an important war ally of the West, Sikorski negotiated in Moscow with Joseph Stalin and the formation of a Polish army in the Soviet Union was agreed, intended to fight on the Eastern Front alongside the Soviets. The "Anders' Army" was indeed created, but with the Soviet and British permission was instead taken to the Middle East. Further attempts at a Polish-Soviet cooperation were made, but they failed because of the disagreements over the borders, the discovery of the Katyn massacre of Polish POWs perpetrated by the Soviets, and the death of General Sikorski.
Stalin pursued a strategy of facilitating the formation of a Polish government independent of (and in opposition to) the exile government in London. He empowered the Polish communists, whose party he eliminated in 1938 by murdering most of its activists...
Poland was still to experience much internal turbulence and power struggle, but barring the West's war with the Soviet Union, the Soviet domination was a foregone conclusion...

From Archives: Poland Trip 2014 - Warsaw Zoo

Last days were unusually cold here in Kobe, frost at night, wintry at day. To remind ourselves warm, still not too hot times at spring we were watching archive files from May this year. We found a trip to PolandWarsaw Zoo. Somehow there was no occasion to publish till now. Kids really had fun there! So here it is - a walk through Zoo guided by Maya and Alex.
Expect other archive movies from time to time :)

Poland in the 1930's. Archive film 61391

Poland, 1930's. A grand house with white pillars at the entrance. A man dressed in fur lined jacket and tall leather boots greets a lady also in fur jacket and a dog runs at their feet, the man puts a cap on his head. Man (similarly dressed) walk towards a farm building with machinery in front, some holding tools, one lady wears a shawl. Close up one holds a walking stick (although young) and instructs a group of peasants. A lady has a cloth over her head, the men around her have flat caps. The lady talks to the landowner and the others wander around her, the landlord shakes his stick a lot. A man fixes something on a horses tail. A peasant family sit in a dark house, the father brushing or polishing something, the mother cooking on a stove, and young girl in very 'traditional' clothing gets up and walks out. Close up of the man, as bread is buttered before him. He takes a bit and eats, smiling toothlessly at the camera - he's dressed in trousers, white sleeved shirt and leather waist-coat.
A Catholic procession down a street, four Priests lead the way, holding Sceptres (possibly), behind walk girls in costume and hold tapestries and banners. A close up of the girls. Men and boys wearing white robes follow solemnly with bowed heads. Crowds follow, some boys ringing small bells.
A Jewish Ghetto: a dirty street, debris at the sides, an archway ahead, leading to more streets, some children play at the front, two seem to carry a dead pine or fern tree. A busy street side centred on a shop, crowds walk past. The camera focuses on the items in the shop window (clothing?) and then on an old lady and man - assumingly Jewish - the man wears a dark long jacket, and a hat, he has a long bushy white beard and moustache, the lady next to him has a cloth hat and scarf. Close up of the man nodding and smiling. Close up of the lady smiling and licking her lips. Two young boys with traditional Hassidic hair styles and hat.
A pick-axe dragging through rubble, a man in a cap digging with it. A man loading carts with stones of some kind in a mine, a winch turns to carry this up. A lady in a big checked cardigan pours out milk from a large jug to the miners as they leave a building and take their masks off. Close up of a man drinking. A very large jug pours some kind of liquid into brick shaped moulds and someone scrapes the top smooth. Signs reading Giesche and Electrolyt. A town square with buildings and statues in the background - a market, many stalls of fruit and vegetables. A fruit stall with man buying, further along what looks like sacks of nuts. Twenty or thirty ladies push prams around a park - picture of calm.
A young boy runs down a street with a bundle of newspapers under his arm. Groupof pedestrians read newspapers next to an advertising board. Girls youth group marches down a street in the Free City of Danzig under the NaziSwastika. The Polish Army marching down a street. The President Moscicki hands over power (represented by a Sceptre) to General Smigly-Rydz, who bows and shakes his hand, then the President embraces the General. A guard on horse back controls a crowd, on the background the Polish flag hangs from a building. The Polish Army marches proudly through a town, pulling cannons, in the background more soldiers in columns just before the start of World War Two in 1939.

Public Archives in Poland after 1989

Poland (novel)

Poland is a historical novel written by James A. Michener and published in 1983 detailing the times and tribulations of three Polish families (the Lubonski family, the Bukowski family, and the Buk family) across eight centuries, ending in the then-present day (1981).

Overview

Michener was hired by a television company to travel to a foreign country to shoot a documentary. He was offered support to go anywhere in the world and Michener decided to make the trip to Poland. Following this, Michener made several trips back to Poland and conducted extensive study of Poland's history and culture. He began writing the book in 1979 and it was published four years later.

Like Michener's other works, he includes an acknowledgments section at the beginning of the book; however due to the political turmoil in Poland at the time, Michener decided not to include the names of the people he traveled with for fear of persecutions against them. He writes: "Normally, as I have done in my other novels, I would list their names, their impressive occupations, their achievements in research and scholarship, but I cannot ascertain whether in the present climate this would hurt or help them."