• many more neurons stain positively for activated caspase-3 in the brains of homozygous mice at 2 weeks and 8weeks after birth

• more activation of caspase-3 in the cell body layers of the hippocampus were found
note: level of synGAP protein correspond to 20-25% of wild-type in ""mini"" group and 37.5% of wild-type in normal group
more activation of caspase-3 in the cell body layerof the hippocampus were found
note: level of synGAP protein correspond to 20-25% of wild-type in ""mini"" group and 37.5% of wild-type in normal group
more activation of caspase-3 in the cell body layers of the hippocampus were found
note: level of synGAProtein correspond to 20-25% of wild-type in ""mini"" group and 37.5% of wild-type in normal group
more activation of caspase-3 in the cell body layers of the hippocampus were found

• level of synGAP protein correspond to 20-25% of wild-type in ""mini"" group and 37.5% of wild-type in normal group

• many more neurons stain positively for activated caspase-3 in the brains of homozygous mice at 2 weeks and 8weeks after birth

• more activation of caspase-3 in the cell body layers of the hippocampus were found
note: level of synGAP protein correspond to 20-25% of wild-type in ""mini"" group and 37.5% of wild-type in normal group
more activation of caspase-3 in the cell body layerof the hippocampus were found
note: level of synGAP protein correspond to 20-25% of wild-type in ""mini"" group and 37.5% of wild-type in normal group
more activation of caspase-3 in the cell body layers of the hippocampus were found
note: level of synGAProtein correspond to 20-25% of wild-type in ""mini"" group and 37.5% of wild-type in normal group
more activation of caspase-3 in the cell body layers of the hippocampus were found

• level of synGAP protein correspond to 20-25% of wild-type in ""mini"" group and 37.5% of wild-type in normal group

• in the elevated plus maze, mutants spend more than half the session time on the open arms and moved freely on them compared to wild-type mice that remain mostly on the closed arms, indicating reduced fear of height

• in the light/dark box text, mutants spent more time in the brightly illuminated space than wild-type mice, although the number of transitions between light and dark spaces did not differ

• in the open-field test, mutants spend a longer time in the central area than wild-type mice and exhibit higher levels of locomotor activity, indicating reduced fear of open spaces

• in the elevated plus maze, mutants spend more than half the session time on the open arms and moved freely on them compared to wild-type mice that remain mostly on the closed arms, indicating reduced fear of height

• in the light/dark box text, mutants spent more time in the brightly illuminated space than wild-type mice, although the number of transitions between light and dark spaces did not differ

• in the open-field test, mutants spend a longer time in the central area than wild-type mice and exhibit higher levels of locomotor activity, indicating reduced fear of open spaces

• in the hole-board test, while wild-type mice explore different holes in a random or successive manner, mutants show a tendency towards making repeated head-dips into the same hole, indicating stereotyped dip behavior; occurrence of stereotypic dip was significantly greater, however the total number of head-dips did not differ from wild-type

• mutants show a tendency to perform consecutive head-dips of more than 4 repetitions, a behavior not seen in wild-type mice

• however, mutants do not exhibit spontaneous stereotypic behavior such as jumping, circling, paw flapping or self-grooming

• in a separation-reunion test with siblings, mutants show less interactions with siblings after reunion

• in the resident-intruder test, while wild-type mice explore the intruder extensively, mutants seldom chase the intruder and instead frequently show behaviors of avoidance, such as freezing and moving away

• in the social dominance tube test, mutants almost always retreat out of the tube and lose

• mutants exhibit reduced sensitivity to the motor stimulant effect of amphetamine and phencyclidine compared to control mice; the effect of amphetamine is delayed in the mutant while the response to phencyclidine is strongly attenuated compared to control