The aim of this workshop is to bring together researchers involved in the construction and application of electronic dictionaries to discuss modifications of existing resources in line with the users' needs, thereby fully exploiting the advantages of the digital form. Given the breadth of the questions, we welcome reports on work from many perspectives, including but not limited to: computational lexicography, psycholinguistics, cognitive psychology, language learning and ergonomics.

MOTIVATION

The way we look at dictionaries, their creation and use, has changed dramatically over the past 30 years. (1°) While being considered as an appendix to grammar in the past, they have in the meantime moved to centre stage. Indeed, there is hardly any task in NLP which can be conducted without them. (2°) Also, many lexicographers work nowadays with huge digital corpora, using language technology to build and to maintain the lexicon. (3°) Last, but not least, rather than being static entities (data-base view), dictionaries are now viewed as graphs, whose nodes and links (connection strengths) may change over time. Interestingly, properties concerning topology, clustering and evolution known from other disciplines (society, economy, human brain) also apply to dictionaries: everything is linked, hence accessible, and everything is evolving. Given these similarities, one may wonder what we can learn from these disciplines.

In this 3rd edition of the CogALex workshop we therefore intend to also invite scientists working in these fields, our goals being to broaden the picture, i.e. to gain a better understanding concerning the mental lexicon and to integrate these findings into our dictionaries in order to support navigation. Given recent advances in neurosciences, it appears timely to seek inspiration from neuroscientists studying the human brain. There is also a lot to be learned from other fields studying graphs and networks, even if their object of study is something else than language, for example biology, economy or society.

TOPICS OF INTEREST

This workshop is about possible enhancements of existing electronic dictionaries. To perform the groundwork for the next generation of electronic dictionaries we invite researchers involved in the building of such dictionaries. The idea is to discuss modifications of existing resources by taking the users' needs and knowledge states into account, and to capitalize on the advantages of the digital media. For this workshop we invite papers including but not limited to the following topics which can be considered from various points of view: linguistics, neuro- or psycholinguistics (associations, tip-of-the-tongue problem), network-related sciences (complex graphs, network topology, small-world problem), etc.

1) Analysis of the conceptual input of a dictionary user

- What does a language producer start from (bag of words)?
- What is in the authors' minds when they are generating a message and looking for a word?
- What does it take to bridge the gap between this input and the desired output (target word)?

- Discovering structures in the lexicon: formal and semantic point of view (clustering, topical structure)
- Creative ways of getting access to and using word associations
- Evolution, i.e. dynamic aspects of the lexicon (changes of weights)
- Neural models of the mental lexicon (distribution of information concerning words, organisation of the mental lexicon)

4) Methods for crafting dictionaries or indexes

- Manual, automatic or collaborative building of dictionaries and indexes (distributional semantics, crowd-sourcing, serious games, etc.)
- Impact and use of social networks (Facebook, Twitter) for building dictionaries, for organizing and indexing the data (clustering of words), and for allowing to track navigational strategies, etc.
- (Sem automatic induction of the link type (e.g. synonym, hypernym, meronym, association, collocation, ...)
- Use of corpora and patterns (data-mining) for getting access to words, their uses, and combinations (associations)