Ian M. Shapiro

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November 21, 2014

An important factor in the airtightness of a building, and its energy efficiency, is the amount of infiltration allowed through closed windows and doors. Typical old double-hung windows are especially prone to infiltration. [continue reading]

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September 06, 2017

Some time ago, my colleagues and I at Taitem Engineering observed that two-story buildings with open staircases used significantly more heat downstairs than upstairs. We saw this in two buildings. This led to further investigation ... [continue reading]