6 Providing Rescue BreathingBlow air into the lungs of an apneic patient.Continue to breathe for the patient if a pulse is present but he or she is not breathing.One breath every 3 to 5 seconds for children ages 1 to the onset of pubertyOne breath every 5 to 6 seconds for adults

7 Providing Rescue BreathingDeliver just enough air to produce chest rise.Do not ventilate too fast or too forcefully.If the chest does not rise, reposition the head and attempt to deliver another breath.If two attempts are unsuccessful, suspect an airway obstruction.

10 Performing CPRCPR is a combination of chest compressions and rescue breaths.Begin CPR with chest compressions.Continue until a defibrillator is available.Indicated in:An unresponsive patient who is not breathing (or has agonal gasps)An unresponsive, nonbreathing child with no pulse or a pulse of less than 60 beats per minute with signs of poor perfusion

12 Child CPR Position yourself and the patient.Compress the sternum at least one third the depth of the chest.Sets of 30 compressionsAt least 100 compressions/minGive 2 breaths.Ensure chest rise.Continue cycles until defibrillator arrives or patient moves.

13 Two-Person CPR Use whenever possible. Rescuers do not tire as quickly.Resuscitation efforts can be more effective.Compression effectiveness can be checked.

15 Two-Person CPR Advanced airways Do not deliver “cycles.”Ventilate at 8 to 10 breaths a minute.Perform continuous compressions at a rate of at least 100 per minute.Do not pause compressions to deliver breaths.

17 CPR Complications and ErrorsComplications include:FracturesRib cartilage separationBruising of heart and lungsPuncturesRuptured lungsErrors include:Failing to maintain a good sealBreathing too fast or forcefullyCompleting cycles too slowly or quicklyCompressions that are too shallow or deep

18 Airway Obstruction (Choking)You must be able to quickly distinguish choking from other causes of sudden respiratory failure.Key to preventing hypoxia, loss of consciousness, and cardiac arrest

20 Mild Airway ObstructionsThis patient:Has adequate air exchangeCan cough forcefullyMay be able to speak with difficultyYou should:Encourage the patient to coughNot interfere with the patient’s attempts to expel the obstructionRemain with the patient

22 Managing Airway Obstruction in Responsive PatientsSee if the patient can exchange air.If the patient cannot talk, perform abdominal thrusts (the Heimlich maneuver).If more than one provider is present, one should summon help.

23 Abdominal Thrusts Stand or kneel behind the patient.Wrap your arms around his or her waist.Make a fist with one hand.Place the thumb side against the abdomen.

24 Abdominal ThrustsGrasp your fist with your other hand and give quick, inward and upward thrusts into the abdomen.Continue until the obstruction is relieved or the patient becomes unresponsive.

25 Special Situations Perform chest thrusts on patients who are: ObeseIn the later stage of pregnancy

26 Special Situations To perform chest thrusts:Stand behind the patient with your arms under the patient’s armpits.Wrap your arms around the chest.Place the thumb side of one hand in the middle of the chest.Grasp the fist with your other hand and pull inward on the chest.

27 Managing Airway Obstruction in Unresponsive PatientsIf a patient becomes unresponsive during attempts to relieve an obstruction:Support the patient to the ground.Call (or send) for help.Perform chest compressions immediately.

29 Managing Airway Obstruction in Unresponsive PatientsAfter 2 minutes of CPR, go for help if someone has not already done so.Once the obstruction is relieved and your breaths produce visible chest rise, check for a pulse.The patient may require CPR.