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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 2,205 square miles (5,706.182287 km²), of which 2,203 square miles (5,706 km²) is land and 1 square mile (3.760596 km²) (0.07%) is water.

The highest point in the county is the summit of Wheeler Peak at 13,161 feet (4,011 m). This is also the highest natural point in the state of New Mexico. The county has the highest mean elevation of any U.S. county outside of Colorado, even though it ranks only 22nd overall.[2] Taos County contains 17 of New Mexico's highest 25 peaks.

There were 12,675 households out of which 29.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.70% were married couples living together, 12.70% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.80% were non-families. 32.10% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.90% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.98.

In the county the population was spread out with 24.50% under the age of 18, 6.90% from 18 to 24, 27.40% from 25 to 44, 28.80% from 45 to 64, and 12.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 96.20 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.70 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $26,762, and the median income for a family was $33,995. Males had a median income of $27,310 versus $21,121 for females. The per capita income for the county was $16,103. About 16.10% of families and 20.90% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.60% of those under age 18 and 20.80% of those age 65 or over.