Part two: l.77 'But this word' - l.134 'To purge uryne'

Synopsis of l.77-134

The Wife asserts her own values in the virginity debate

The Wife emphasises again her idea that virginity is not to be expected from everybody and certainly not from her body. ‘Freletee' (frailty), she argues, is a term better applied to those who wish to live in chastity, than to those who marry to resolve their need for sexual intercourse. She draws an analogy between the vessels in a lord's household and people in God's service. Both serve according to their nature and their calling.

She recognises ‘virginitee' (virginity) as a ‘greet perfeccioun' (great perfection) and likens this as a counsel of perfection to Christ's injunction to the rich young man seeking eternal life to sell everything that he has to give to the poor (Mark 10:21). In both cases she argues the address is only to those who wish to live perfectly. She recognises herself as both imperfect and generous i.e. generous in the use of the body that she offers in marriage.

Another idea occurs to the Wife. Why were the sexual organs made, and so perfectly wrought, if only to pass urine or to differentiate between male and female? With an eye on clerical authority, she says that they were made for these functions but also for pleasure in procreation. God can't be displeased by their use in procreation, she argues, or otherwise men in their ‘bokes' (books) wouldn't claim that a man should yield his ‘dette' (conjugal rights) to his wife.

Commentary on l.77-134

l.79-94 I woot wel … : The Wife alludes to 1 Corinthians 7:1-14, 1 Corinthians 7:25-40. St Paul argues here that it is good for a man not to touch a woman, but in order to avoid fornication it is better for men and women to marry.

l.87-9 to touche, / ..in his bed: The Wife makes it explicit that she is talking about sex and is familiar with the ease with which passion ignites (using the analogy of fire and tarred rope).

l.93-4 Freletee clepe I .. if .. / .. in chastitee: The Wife has the confidence to directly contradict Paul's teaching with her own opinion.

l.95-105 I graunte it wel … : The Wife preaches, using language that is biblical even whilst she challenges biblical texts. In these few lines she alludes to, or echoes, 2 Timothy 2:20 and 1 Corinthians 7:7.

L.97 to be clene, body and goost: Contrary to the Bible, medieval church teaching associated sexual activity with a ‘fall' (in both body and spirit) from purity (which was exemplified by the Virgin Mary).

L.107-10 crist .. / Bad nat every wight he sholde go selle: The Wife shifts her argument to a different biblical text, which she knows a wealthy Church would themselves find uncomfortable.

L.119-123 Glose whoso wole … : The Wife is making fun of clerics who tie themselves in theological knots to ignore the sexual functions of genitalia.

L.130 yelde to his wyf hire dette?: In 1 Corinthians 7:3-6 St Paul advocates sexual satisfaction for each partner in the marriage. The body of the wife should belong to the husband and vice versa – which the Wife depicts amusingly as a man using his ‘sely instrument'.

Chaucer the poet

Think about the effect of the repetition of the word ‘freletee' (frailty) in l.92-3. Chaucer makes the Wife wittily pick up St Paul's solution to what he regards as a human imperfection. The Wife turns it to a word she uses to criticise a failure to achieve sexual enjoyment. The play on the word is emphasised by the recurrent rhyme sound at four line endings and resonates in ‘he' and ‘she' within lines. (See Narrative > The language of The Wife of Bath's Prologue.)

Investigating l.77-134

An analogy seeks to prove a point by making a comparison. If one object is similar to another in many respects, it might be supposed that it is like it in other respects as well.Analogies range from weak to strong depending on the number of relevant similarities betweenthe objects being compared:

Relevant similarities strengthen an analogy

Relevant dissimilarities weaken it.

The Wife alludes to the analogy of the vessels in a great man's household, from 2 Timothy 2:20. Paul claims that in a large house there are gold and silver vessels and also vessels ofwood and clay, all of which have their uses. If a man cleanses himself from the ignoble vessels ofwood and clay, he will become holy and useful to the Master. The implications of the connectionare not fully explored.The Wife makes an analogy between the different kinds of vessels in a lord's household anddifferent kinds of human beings, chaste and unchaste. All serve God in their own way usingtheir special gifts, she asserts.

How many relevant similarities are there between pots and pans and human beings?

How many relevant dissimilarities do you see?

How strong is her analogy?

English Standard Version

King James Version

1And he left there and went to the region of Judea and beyond the Jordan, and crowds gathered to him again. And again, as was his custom, he taught them.2And Pharisees came up and in order to test him asked, Is it lawful for a man to divorce his wife?3He answered them, What did Moses command you?4They said, Moses allowed a man to write a certificate of divorce and to send her away.5And Jesus said to them, Because of your hardness of heart he wrote you this commandment.6But from the beginning of creation, God made them male and female.7Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and hold fast to his wife,8and the two shall become one flesh. So they are no longer two but one flesh.9What therefore God has joined together, let not man separate.10And in the house the disciples asked him again about this matter.11And he said to them, Whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery against her,12and if she divorces her husband and marries another, she commits adultery.13And they were bringing children to him that he might touch them, and the disciples rebuked them.14But when Jesus saw it, he was indignant and said to them, Let the children come to me; do not hinder them, for to such belongs the kingdom of God.15Truly, I say to you, whoever does not receive the kingdom of God like a child shall not enter it.16And he took them in his arms and blessed them, laying his hands on them.17And as he was setting out on his journey, a man ran up and knelt before him and asked him, Good Teacher, what must I do to inherit eternal life?18And Jesus said to him, Why do you call me good? No one is good except God alone.19You know the commandments: Do not murder, Do not commit adultery, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Do not defraud, Honor your father and mother.20And he said to him, Teacher, all these I have kept from my youth.21And Jesus, looking at him, loved him, and said to him, You lack one thing: go, sell all that you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me.22Disheartened by the saying, he went away sorrowful, for he had great possessions.23And Jesus looked around and said to his disciples, How difficult it will be for those who have wealth to enter the kingdom of God!24And the disciples were amazed at his words. But Jesus said to them again, Children, how difficult it is to enter the kingdom of God!25It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.26And they were exceedingly astonished, and said to him, Then who can be saved?27Jesus looked at them and said, With man it is impossible, but not with God. For all things are possible with God.28Peter began to say to him, See, we have left everything and followed you.29Jesus said, Truly, I say to you, there is no one who has left house or brothers or sisters or mother or father or children or lands, for my sake and for the gospel,30who will not receive a hundredfold now in this time, houses and brothers and sisters and mothers and children and lands, with persecutions, and in the age to come eternal life.31But many who are first will be last, and the last first.32And they were on the road, going up to Jerusalem, and Jesus was walking ahead of them. And they were amazed, and those who followed were afraid. And taking the twelve again, he began to tell them what was to happen to him,33saying, See, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be delivered over to the chief priests and the scribes, and they will condemn him to death and deliver him over to the Gentiles.34And they will mock him and spit on him, and flog him and kill him. And after three days he will rise.35And James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came up to him and said to him, Teacher, we want you to do for us whatever we ask of you.36And he said to them, What do you want me to do for you?37And they said to him, Grant us to sit, one at your right hand and one at your left, in your glory.38Jesus said to them, You do not know what you are asking. Are you able to drink the cup that I drink, or to be baptized with the baptism with which I am baptized?39And they said to him, We are able. And Jesus said to them, The cup that I drink you will drink, and with the baptism with which I am baptized, you will be baptized,40but to sit at my right hand or at my left is not mine to grant, but it is for those for whom it has been prepared.41And when the ten heard it, they began to be indignant at James and John.42And Jesus called them to him and said to them, You know that those who are considered rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great ones exercise authority over them.43But it shall not be so among you. But whoever would be great among you must be your servant,44and whoever would be first among you must be slave of all.45For even the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.46And they came to Jericho. And as he was leaving Jericho with his disciples and a great crowd, Bartimaeus, a blind beggar, the son of Timaeus, was sitting by the roadside.47And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out and say, Jesus, Son of David, have mercy on me!48And many rebuked him, telling him to be silent. But he cried out all the more, Son of David, have mercy on me!49And Jesus stopped and said, Call him. And they called the blind man, saying to him, Take heart. Get up; he is calling you.50And throwing off his cloak, he sprang up and came to Jesus.51And Jesus said to him, What do you want me to do for you? And the blind man said to him, Rabbi, let me recover my sight.52And Jesus said to him, Go your way; your faith has made you well. And immediately he recovered his sight and followed him on the way.

1And he arose from thence, and cometh into the coasts of Judaea by the farther side of Jordan: and the people resort unto him again; and, as he was wont, he taught them again.2And the Pharisees came to him, and asked him, Is it lawful for a man to put away his wife? tempting him.3And he answered and said unto them, What did Moses command you?4And they said, Moses suffered to write a bill of divorcement, and to put her away.5And Jesus answered and said unto them, For the hardness of your heart he wrote you this precept.6But from the beginning of the creation God made them male and female.7For this cause shall a man leave his father and mother, and cleave to his wife;8And they twain shall be one flesh: so then they are no more twain, but one flesh.9What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder.10And in the house his disciples asked him again of the same matter.11And he saith unto them, Whosoever shall put away his wife, and marry another, committeth adultery against her.12And if a woman shall put away her husband, and be married to another, she committeth adultery.13And they brought young children to him, that he should touch them: and his disciples rebuked those that brought them.14But when Jesus saw it, he was much displeased, and said unto them, Suffer the little children to come unto me, and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of God.15Verily I say unto you, Whosoever shall not receive the kingdom of God as a little child, he shall not enter therein.16And he took them up in his arms, put his hands upon them, and blessed them.17And when he was gone forth into the way, there came one running, and kneeled to him, and asked him, Good Master, what shall I do that I may inherit eternal life?18And Jesus said unto him, Why callest thou me good? there is none good but one, that is, God.19Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Defraud not, Honour thy father and mother.20And he answered and said unto him, Master, all these have I observed from my youth.21Then Jesus beholding him loved him, and said unto him, One thing thou lackest: go thy way, sell whatsoever thou hast, and give to the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven: and come, take up the cross, and follow me.22And he was sad at that saying, and went away grieved: for he had great possessions.23And Jesus looked round about, and saith unto his disciples, How hardly shall they that have riches enter into the kingdom of God!24And the disciples were astonished at his words. But Jesus answereth again, and saith unto them, Children, how hard is it for them that trust in riches to enter into the kingdom of God!25It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God.26And they were astonished out of measure, saying among themselves, Who then can be saved?27And Jesus looking upon them saith, With men it is impossible, but not with God: for with God all things are possible.28Then Peter began to say unto him, Lo, we have left all, and have followed thee.29And Jesus answered and said, Verily I say unto you, There is no man that hath left house, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children, or lands, for my sake, and the gospel's,30But he shall receive an hundredfold now in this time, houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children, and lands, with persecutions; and in the world to come eternal life.31But many that are first shall be last; and the last first.32And they were in the way going up to Jerusalem; and Jesus went before them: and they were amazed; and as they followed, they were afraid. And he took again the twelve, and began to tell them what things should happen unto him,33Saying, Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of man shall be delivered unto the chief priests, and unto the scribes; and they shall condemn him to death, and shall deliver him to the Gentiles:34And they shall mock him, and shall scourge him, and shall spit upon him, and shall kill him: and the third day he shall rise again.35And James and John, the sons of Zebedee, come unto him, saying, Master, we would that thou shouldest do for us whatsoever we shall desire.36And he said unto them, What would ye that I should do for you?37They said unto him, Grant unto us that we may sit, one on thy right hand, and the other on thy left hand, in thy glory.38But Jesus said unto them, Ye know not what ye ask: can ye drink of the cup that I drink of? and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?39And they said unto him, We can. And Jesus said unto them, Ye shall indeed drink of the cup that I drink of; and with the baptism that I am baptized withal shall ye be baptized:40But to sit on my right hand and on my left hand is not mine to give; but it shall be given to them for whom it is prepared.41And when the ten heard it, they began to be much displeased with James and John.42But Jesus called them to him, and saith unto them, Ye know that they which are accounted to rule over the Gentiles exercise lordship over them; and their great ones exercise authority upon them.43But so shall it not be among you: but whosoever will be great among you, shall be your minister:44And whosoever of you will be the chiefest, shall be servant of all.45For even the Son of man came not to be ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life a ransom for many.46And they came to Jericho: and as he went out of Jericho with his disciples and a great number of people, blind Bartimaeus, the son of Timaeus, sat by the highway side begging.47And when he heard that it was Jesus of Nazareth, he began to cry out, and say, Jesus, thou son of David, have mercy on me.48And many charged him that he should hold his peace: but he cried the more a great deal, Thou son of David, have mercy on me.49And Jesus stood still, and commanded him to be called. And they call the blind man, saying unto him, Be of good comfort, rise; he calleth thee.50And he, casting away his garment, rose, and came to Jesus.51And Jesus answered and said unto him, What wilt thou that I should do unto thee? The blind man said unto him, Lord, that I might receive my sight.52And Jesus said unto him, Go thy way; thy faith hath made thee whole. And immediately he received his sight, and followed Jesus in the way.

English Standard Version

King James Version

1Now concerning the matters about which you wrote: It is good for a man not to have sexual relations with a woman.2But because of the temptation to sexual immorality, each man should have his own wife and each woman her own husband.3The husband should give to his wife her conjugal rights, and likewise the wife to her husband.4For the wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does. Likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does.5Do not deprive one another, except perhaps by agreement for a limited time, that you may devote yourselves to prayer; but then come together again, so that Satan may not tempt you because of your lack of self-control.6Now as a concession, not a command, I say this.7I wish that all were as I myself am. But each has his own gift from God, one of one kind and one of another.8To the unmarried and the widows I say that it is good for them to remain single as I am.9But if they cannot exercise self-control, they should marry. For it is better to marry than to burn with passion.10To the married I give this charge (not I, but the Lord): the wife should not separate from her husband11(but if she does, she should remain unmarried or else be reconciled to her husband), and the husband should not divorce his wife.12To the rest I say (I, not the Lord) that if any brother has a wife who is an unbeliever, and she consents to live with him, he should not divorce her.13If any woman has a husband who is an unbeliever, and he consents to live with her, she should not divorce him.14For the unbelieving husband is made holy because of his wife, and the unbelieving wife is made holy because of her husband. Otherwise your children would be unclean, but as it is, they are holy.15But if the unbelieving partner separates, let it be so. In such cases the brother or sister is not enslaved. God has called you to peace.16For how do you know, wife, whether you will save your husband? Or how do you know, husband, whether you will save your wife?17Only let each person lead the life that the Lord has assigned to him, and to which God has called him. This is my rule in all the churches.18Was anyone at the time of his call already circumcised? Let him not seek to remove the marks of circumcision. Was anyone at the time of his call uncircumcised? Let him not seek circumcision.19For neither circumcision counts for anything nor uncircumcision, but keeping the commandments of God.20Each one should remain in the condition in which he was called.21Were you a bondservant when called? Do not be concerned about it. (But if you can gain your freedom, avail yourself of the opportunity.)22For he who was called in the Lord as a bondservant is a freedman of the Lord. Likewise he who was free when called is a bondservant of Christ.23You were bought with a price; do not become bondservants of men.24So, brothers, in whatever condition each was called, there let him remain with God.25Now concerning the betrothed, I have no command from the Lord, but I give my judgment as one who by the Lord's mercy is trustworthy.26I think that in view of the present distress it is good for a person to remain as he is.27Are you bound to a wife? Do not seek to be free. Are you free from a wife? Do not seek a wife.28But if you do marry, you have not sinned, and if a betrothed woman marries, she has not sinned. Yet those who marry will have worldly troubles, and I would spare you that.29This is what I mean, brothers: the appointed time has grown very short. From now on, let those who have wives live as though they had none,30and those who mourn as though they were not mourning, and those who rejoice as though they were not rejoicing, and those who buy as though they had no goods,31and those who deal with the world as though they had no dealings with it. For the present form of this world is passing away.32I want you to be free from anxieties. The unmarried man is anxious about the things of the Lord, how to please the Lord.33But the married man is anxious about worldly things, how to please his wife,34and his interests are divided. And the unmarried or betrothed woman is anxious about the things of the Lord, how to be holy in body and spirit. But the married woman is anxious about worldly things, how to please her husband.35I say this for your own benefit, not to lay any restraint upon you, but to promote good order and to secure your undivided devotion to the Lord.36If anyone thinks that he is not behaving properly toward his betrothed, if his passions are strong, and it has to be, let him do as he wishes: let them marry - it is no sin.37But whoever is firmly established in his heart, being under no necessity but having his desire under control, and has determined this in his heart, to keep her as his betrothed, he will do well.38So then he who marries his betrothed does well, and he who refrains from marriage will do even better.39A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if her husband dies, she is free to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord.40Yet in my judgment she is happier if she remains as she is. And I think that I too have the Spirit of God.

1Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman.2Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband.3Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise also the wife unto the husband.4The wife hath not power of her own body, but the husband: and likewise also the husband hath not power of his own body, but the wife.5Defraud ye not one the other, except it be with consent for a time, that ye may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; and come together again, that Satan tempt you not for your incontinency.6But I speak this by permission, and not of commandment.7For I would that all men were even as I myself. But every man hath his proper gift of God, one after this manner, and another after that.8I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, It is good for them if they abide even as I.9But if they cannot contain, let them marry: for it is better to marry than to burn.10And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband:11But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried or be reconciled to her husband: and let not the husband put away his wife.12But to the rest speak I, not the Lord: If any brother hath a wife that believeth not, and she be pleased to dwell with him, let him not put her away.13And the woman which hath an husband that believeth not, and if he be pleased to dwell with her, let her not leave him.14For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband: else were your children unclean; but now are they holy.15But if the unbelieving depart, let him depart. A brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases: but God hath called us to peace.16For what knowest thou, O wife, whether thou shalt save thy husband? or how knowest thou, O man, whether thou shalt save thy wife?17But as God hath distributed to every man, as the Lord hath called every one, so let him walk. And so ordain I in all churches.18Is any man called being circumcised? let him not become uncircumcised. Is any called in uncircumcision? let him not be circumcised.19Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God.20Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called.21Art thou called being a servant? care not for it: but if thou mayest be made free, use it rather.22For he that is called in the Lord, being a servant, is the Lord's freeman: likewise also he that is called, being free, is Christ's servant.23Ye are bought with a price; be not ye the servants of men.24Brethren, let every man, wherein he is called, therein abide with God.25Now concerning virgins I have no commandment of the Lord: yet I give my judgment, as one that hath obtained mercy of the Lord to be faithful.26I suppose therefore that this is good for the present distress, I say, that it is good for a man so to be.27Art thou bound unto a wife? seek not to be loosed. Art thou loosed from a wife? seek not a wife.28But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh: but I spare you.29But this I say, brethren, the time is short: it remaineth, that both they that have wives be as though they had none;30And they that weep, as though they wept not; and they that rejoice, as though they rejoiced not; and they that buy, as though they possessed not;31And they that use this world, as not abusing it: for the fashion of this world passeth away.32But I would have you without carefulness. He that is unmarried careth for the things that belong to the Lord, how he may please the Lord:33But he that is married careth for the things that are of the world, how he may please his wife.34There is difference also between a wife and a virgin. The unmarried woman careth for the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and in spirit: but she that is married careth for the things of the world, how she may please her husband.35And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction.36But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely toward his virgin, if she pass the flower of her age, and need so require, let him do what he will, he sinneth not: let them marry.37Nevertheless he that standeth stedfast in his heart, having no necessity, but hath power over his own will, and hath so decreed in his heart that he will keep his virgin, doeth well.38So then he that giveth her in marriage doeth well; but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better.39The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband liveth; but if her husband be dead, she is at liberty to be married to whom she will; only in the Lord.40But she is happier if she so abide, after my judgment: and I think also that I have the Spirit of God.

English Standard Version

King James Version

1Now concerning the matters about which you wrote: It is good for a man not to have sexual relations with a woman.2But because of the temptation to sexual immorality, each man should have his own wife and each woman her own husband.3The husband should give to his wife her conjugal rights, and likewise the wife to her husband.4For the wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does. Likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does.5Do not deprive one another, except perhaps by agreement for a limited time, that you may devote yourselves to prayer; but then come together again, so that Satan may not tempt you because of your lack of self-control.6Now as a concession, not a command, I say this.7I wish that all were as I myself am. But each has his own gift from God, one of one kind and one of another.8To the unmarried and the widows I say that it is good for them to remain single as I am.9But if they cannot exercise self-control, they should marry. For it is better to marry than to burn with passion.10To the married I give this charge (not I, but the Lord): the wife should not separate from her husband11(but if she does, she should remain unmarried or else be reconciled to her husband), and the husband should not divorce his wife.12To the rest I say (I, not the Lord) that if any brother has a wife who is an unbeliever, and she consents to live with him, he should not divorce her.13If any woman has a husband who is an unbeliever, and he consents to live with her, she should not divorce him.14For the unbelieving husband is made holy because of his wife, and the unbelieving wife is made holy because of her husband. Otherwise your children would be unclean, but as it is, they are holy.15But if the unbelieving partner separates, let it be so. In such cases the brother or sister is not enslaved. God has called you to peace.16For how do you know, wife, whether you will save your husband? Or how do you know, husband, whether you will save your wife?17Only let each person lead the life that the Lord has assigned to him, and to which God has called him. This is my rule in all the churches.18Was anyone at the time of his call already circumcised? Let him not seek to remove the marks of circumcision. Was anyone at the time of his call uncircumcised? Let him not seek circumcision.19For neither circumcision counts for anything nor uncircumcision, but keeping the commandments of God.20Each one should remain in the condition in which he was called.21Were you a bondservant when called? Do not be concerned about it. (But if you can gain your freedom, avail yourself of the opportunity.)22For he who was called in the Lord as a bondservant is a freedman of the Lord. Likewise he who was free when called is a bondservant of Christ.23You were bought with a price; do not become bondservants of men.24So, brothers, in whatever condition each was called, there let him remain with God.25Now concerning the betrothed, I have no command from the Lord, but I give my judgment as one who by the Lord's mercy is trustworthy.26I think that in view of the present distress it is good for a person to remain as he is.27Are you bound to a wife? Do not seek to be free. Are you free from a wife? Do not seek a wife.28But if you do marry, you have not sinned, and if a betrothed woman marries, she has not sinned. Yet those who marry will have worldly troubles, and I would spare you that.29This is what I mean, brothers: the appointed time has grown very short. From now on, let those who have wives live as though they had none,30and those who mourn as though they were not mourning, and those who rejoice as though they were not rejoicing, and those who buy as though they had no goods,31and those who deal with the world as though they had no dealings with it. For the present form of this world is passing away.32I want you to be free from anxieties. The unmarried man is anxious about the things of the Lord, how to please the Lord.33But the married man is anxious about worldly things, how to please his wife,34and his interests are divided. And the unmarried or betrothed woman is anxious about the things of the Lord, how to be holy in body and spirit. But the married woman is anxious about worldly things, how to please her husband.35I say this for your own benefit, not to lay any restraint upon you, but to promote good order and to secure your undivided devotion to the Lord.36If anyone thinks that he is not behaving properly toward his betrothed, if his passions are strong, and it has to be, let him do as he wishes: let them marry - it is no sin.37But whoever is firmly established in his heart, being under no necessity but having his desire under control, and has determined this in his heart, to keep her as his betrothed, he will do well.38So then he who marries his betrothed does well, and he who refrains from marriage will do even better.39A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if her husband dies, she is free to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord.40Yet in my judgment she is happier if she remains as she is. And I think that I too have the Spirit of God.

1Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman.2Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband.3Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise also the wife unto the husband.4The wife hath not power of her own body, but the husband: and likewise also the husband hath not power of his own body, but the wife.5Defraud ye not one the other, except it be with consent for a time, that ye may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; and come together again, that Satan tempt you not for your incontinency.6But I speak this by permission, and not of commandment.7For I would that all men were even as I myself. But every man hath his proper gift of God, one after this manner, and another after that.8I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, It is good for them if they abide even as I.9But if they cannot contain, let them marry: for it is better to marry than to burn.10And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband:11But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried or be reconciled to her husband: and let not the husband put away his wife.12But to the rest speak I, not the Lord: If any brother hath a wife that believeth not, and she be pleased to dwell with him, let him not put her away.13And the woman which hath an husband that believeth not, and if he be pleased to dwell with her, let her not leave him.14For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband: else were your children unclean; but now are they holy.15But if the unbelieving depart, let him depart. A brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases: but God hath called us to peace.16For what knowest thou, O wife, whether thou shalt save thy husband? or how knowest thou, O man, whether thou shalt save thy wife?17But as God hath distributed to every man, as the Lord hath called every one, so let him walk. And so ordain I in all churches.18Is any man called being circumcised? let him not become uncircumcised. Is any called in uncircumcision? let him not be circumcised.19Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God.20Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called.21Art thou called being a servant? care not for it: but if thou mayest be made free, use it rather.22For he that is called in the Lord, being a servant, is the Lord's freeman: likewise also he that is called, being free, is Christ's servant.23Ye are bought with a price; be not ye the servants of men.24Brethren, let every man, wherein he is called, therein abide with God.25Now concerning virgins I have no commandment of the Lord: yet I give my judgment, as one that hath obtained mercy of the Lord to be faithful.26I suppose therefore that this is good for the present distress, I say, that it is good for a man so to be.27Art thou bound unto a wife? seek not to be loosed. Art thou loosed from a wife? seek not a wife.28But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh: but I spare you.29But this I say, brethren, the time is short: it remaineth, that both they that have wives be as though they had none;30And they that weep, as though they wept not; and they that rejoice, as though they rejoiced not; and they that buy, as though they possessed not;31And they that use this world, as not abusing it: for the fashion of this world passeth away.32But I would have you without carefulness. He that is unmarried careth for the things that belong to the Lord, how he may please the Lord:33But he that is married careth for the things that are of the world, how he may please his wife.34There is difference also between a wife and a virgin. The unmarried woman careth for the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and in spirit: but she that is married careth for the things of the world, how she may please her husband.35And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction.36But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely toward his virgin, if she pass the flower of her age, and need so require, let him do what he will, he sinneth not: let them marry.37Nevertheless he that standeth stedfast in his heart, having no necessity, but hath power over his own will, and hath so decreed in his heart that he will keep his virgin, doeth well.38So then he that giveth her in marriage doeth well; but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better.39The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband liveth; but if her husband be dead, she is at liberty to be married to whom she will; only in the Lord.40But she is happier if she so abide, after my judgment: and I think also that I have the Spirit of God.

English Standard Version

King James Version

1You then, my child, be strengthened by the grace that is in Christ Jesus,2and what you have heard from me in the presence of many witnesses entrust to faithful men who will be able to teach others also.3Share in suffering as a good soldier of Christ Jesus.4No soldier gets entangled in civilian pursuits, since his aim is to please the one who enlisted him.5An athlete is not crowned unless he competes according to the rules.6It is the hard-working farmer who ought to have the first share of the crops.7Think over what I say, for the Lord will give you understanding in everything.8Remember Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, the offspring of David, as preached in my gospel,9for which I am suffering, bound with chains as a criminal. But the word of God is not bound!10Therefore I endure everything for the sake of the elect, that they also may obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory.11The saying is trustworthy, for: If we have died with him, we will also live with him;12if we endure, we will also reign with him; if we deny him, he also will deny us;13if we are faithless, he remains faithful - for he cannot deny himself.14Remind them of these things, and charge them before God not to quarrel about words, which does no good, but only ruins the hearers.15Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth.16But avoid irreverent babble, for it will lead people into more and more ungodliness,17and their talk will spread like gangrene. Among them are Hymenaeus and Philetus,18who have swerved from the truth, saying that the resurrection has already happened. They are upsetting the faith of some.19But God's firm foundation stands, bearing this seal: The Lord knows those who are his, and, Let everyone who names the name of the Lord depart from iniquity.20Now in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and silver but also of wood and clay, some for honorable use, some for dishonorable.21Therefore, if anyone cleanses himself from what is dishonorable, he will be a vessel for honorable use, set apart as holy, useful to the master of the house, ready for every good work.22So flee youthful passions and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace, along with those who call on the Lord from a pure heart.23Have nothing to do with foolish, ignorant controversies; you know that they breed quarrels.24And the Lord's servant must not be quarrelsome but kind to everyone, able to teach, patiently enduring evil,25correcting his opponents with gentleness. God may perhaps grant them repentance leading to a knowledge of the truth,26and they may come to their senses and escape from the snare of the devil, after being captured by him to do his will.

1Thou therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus.2And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also.3Thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ.4No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier.5And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned, except he strive lawfully.6The husbandman that laboureth must be first partaker of the fruits.7Consider what I say; and the Lord give thee understanding in all things.8Remember that Jesus Christ of the seed of David was raised from the dead according to my gospel:9Wherein I suffer trouble, as an evil doer, even unto bonds; but the word of God is not bound.10Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sakes, that they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory.11It is a faithful saying: For if we be dead with him, we shall also live with him:12If we suffer, we shall also reign with him: if we deny him, he also will deny us:13If we believe not, yet he abideth faithful: he cannot deny himself.14Of these things put them in remembrance, charging them before the Lord that they strive not about words to no profit, but to the subverting of the hearers.15Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.16But shun profane and vain babblings: for they will increase unto more ungodliness.17And their word will eat as doth a canker: of whom is Hymenaeus and Philetus;18Who concerning the truth have erred, saying that the resurrection is past already; and overthrow the faith of some.19Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal, The Lord knoweth them that are his. And, Let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity.20But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and of silver, but also of wood and of earth; and some to honour, and some to dishonour.21If a man therefore purge himself from these, he shall be a vessel unto honour, sanctified, and meet for the master's use, and prepared unto every good work.22Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart.23But foolish and unlearned questions avoid, knowing that they do gender strifes.24And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, patient,25In meekness instructing those that oppose themselves; if God peradventure will give them repentance to the acknowledging of the truth;26And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will.

English Standard Version

King James Version

1Now concerning the matters about which you wrote: It is good for a man not to have sexual relations with a woman.2But because of the temptation to sexual immorality, each man should have his own wife and each woman her own husband.3The husband should give to his wife her conjugal rights, and likewise the wife to her husband.4For the wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does. Likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does.5Do not deprive one another, except perhaps by agreement for a limited time, that you may devote yourselves to prayer; but then come together again, so that Satan may not tempt you because of your lack of self-control.6Now as a concession, not a command, I say this.7I wish that all were as I myself am. But each has his own gift from God, one of one kind and one of another.8To the unmarried and the widows I say that it is good for them to remain single as I am.9But if they cannot exercise self-control, they should marry. For it is better to marry than to burn with passion.10To the married I give this charge (not I, but the Lord): the wife should not separate from her husband11(but if she does, she should remain unmarried or else be reconciled to her husband), and the husband should not divorce his wife.12To the rest I say (I, not the Lord) that if any brother has a wife who is an unbeliever, and she consents to live with him, he should not divorce her.13If any woman has a husband who is an unbeliever, and he consents to live with her, she should not divorce him.14For the unbelieving husband is made holy because of his wife, and the unbelieving wife is made holy because of her husband. Otherwise your children would be unclean, but as it is, they are holy.15But if the unbelieving partner separates, let it be so. In such cases the brother or sister is not enslaved. God has called you to peace.16For how do you know, wife, whether you will save your husband? Or how do you know, husband, whether you will save your wife?17Only let each person lead the life that the Lord has assigned to him, and to which God has called him. This is my rule in all the churches.18Was anyone at the time of his call already circumcised? Let him not seek to remove the marks of circumcision. Was anyone at the time of his call uncircumcised? Let him not seek circumcision.19For neither circumcision counts for anything nor uncircumcision, but keeping the commandments of God.20Each one should remain in the condition in which he was called.21Were you a bondservant when called? Do not be concerned about it. (But if you can gain your freedom, avail yourself of the opportunity.)22For he who was called in the Lord as a bondservant is a freedman of the Lord. Likewise he who was free when called is a bondservant of Christ.23You were bought with a price; do not become bondservants of men.24So, brothers, in whatever condition each was called, there let him remain with God.25Now concerning the betrothed, I have no command from the Lord, but I give my judgment as one who by the Lord's mercy is trustworthy.26I think that in view of the present distress it is good for a person to remain as he is.27Are you bound to a wife? Do not seek to be free. Are you free from a wife? Do not seek a wife.28But if you do marry, you have not sinned, and if a betrothed woman marries, she has not sinned. Yet those who marry will have worldly troubles, and I would spare you that.29This is what I mean, brothers: the appointed time has grown very short. From now on, let those who have wives live as though they had none,30and those who mourn as though they were not mourning, and those who rejoice as though they were not rejoicing, and those who buy as though they had no goods,31and those who deal with the world as though they had no dealings with it. For the present form of this world is passing away.32I want you to be free from anxieties. The unmarried man is anxious about the things of the Lord, how to please the Lord.33But the married man is anxious about worldly things, how to please his wife,34and his interests are divided. And the unmarried or betrothed woman is anxious about the things of the Lord, how to be holy in body and spirit. But the married woman is anxious about worldly things, how to please her husband.35I say this for your own benefit, not to lay any restraint upon you, but to promote good order and to secure your undivided devotion to the Lord.36If anyone thinks that he is not behaving properly toward his betrothed, if his passions are strong, and it has to be, let him do as he wishes: let them marry - it is no sin.37But whoever is firmly established in his heart, being under no necessity but having his desire under control, and has determined this in his heart, to keep her as his betrothed, he will do well.38So then he who marries his betrothed does well, and he who refrains from marriage will do even better.39A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if her husband dies, she is free to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord.40Yet in my judgment she is happier if she remains as she is. And I think that I too have the Spirit of God.

1Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman.2Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband.3Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise also the wife unto the husband.4The wife hath not power of her own body, but the husband: and likewise also the husband hath not power of his own body, but the wife.5Defraud ye not one the other, except it be with consent for a time, that ye may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; and come together again, that Satan tempt you not for your incontinency.6But I speak this by permission, and not of commandment.7For I would that all men were even as I myself. But every man hath his proper gift of God, one after this manner, and another after that.8I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, It is good for them if they abide even as I.9But if they cannot contain, let them marry: for it is better to marry than to burn.10And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband:11But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried or be reconciled to her husband: and let not the husband put away his wife.12But to the rest speak I, not the Lord: If any brother hath a wife that believeth not, and she be pleased to dwell with him, let him not put her away.13And the woman which hath an husband that believeth not, and if he be pleased to dwell with her, let her not leave him.14For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband: else were your children unclean; but now are they holy.15But if the unbelieving depart, let him depart. A brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases: but God hath called us to peace.16For what knowest thou, O wife, whether thou shalt save thy husband? or how knowest thou, O man, whether thou shalt save thy wife?17But as God hath distributed to every man, as the Lord hath called every one, so let him walk. And so ordain I in all churches.18Is any man called being circumcised? let him not become uncircumcised. Is any called in uncircumcision? let him not be circumcised.19Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God.20Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called.21Art thou called being a servant? care not for it: but if thou mayest be made free, use it rather.22For he that is called in the Lord, being a servant, is the Lord's freeman: likewise also he that is called, being free, is Christ's servant.23Ye are bought with a price; be not ye the servants of men.24Brethren, let every man, wherein he is called, therein abide with God.25Now concerning virgins I have no commandment of the Lord: yet I give my judgment, as one that hath obtained mercy of the Lord to be faithful.26I suppose therefore that this is good for the present distress, I say, that it is good for a man so to be.27Art thou bound unto a wife? seek not to be loosed. Art thou loosed from a wife? seek not a wife.28But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh: but I spare you.29But this I say, brethren, the time is short: it remaineth, that both they that have wives be as though they had none;30And they that weep, as though they wept not; and they that rejoice, as though they rejoiced not; and they that buy, as though they possessed not;31And they that use this world, as not abusing it: for the fashion of this world passeth away.32But I would have you without carefulness. He that is unmarried careth for the things that belong to the Lord, how he may please the Lord:33But he that is married careth for the things that are of the world, how he may please his wife.34There is difference also between a wife and a virgin. The unmarried woman careth for the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and in spirit: but she that is married careth for the things of the world, how she may please her husband.35And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction.36But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely toward his virgin, if she pass the flower of her age, and need so require, let him do what he will, he sinneth not: let them marry.37Nevertheless he that standeth stedfast in his heart, having no necessity, but hath power over his own will, and hath so decreed in his heart that he will keep his virgin, doeth well.38So then he that giveth her in marriage doeth well; but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better.39The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband liveth; but if her husband be dead, she is at liberty to be married to whom she will; only in the Lord.40But she is happier if she so abide, after my judgment: and I think also that I have the Spirit of God.

English Standard Version

King James Version

1Now concerning the matters about which you wrote: It is good for a man not to have sexual relations with a woman.2But because of the temptation to sexual immorality, each man should have his own wife and each woman her own husband.3The husband should give to his wife her conjugal rights, and likewise the wife to her husband.4For the wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does. Likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does.5Do not deprive one another, except perhaps by agreement for a limited time, that you may devote yourselves to prayer; but then come together again, so that Satan may not tempt you because of your lack of self-control.6Now as a concession, not a command, I say this.7I wish that all were as I myself am. But each has his own gift from God, one of one kind and one of another.8To the unmarried and the widows I say that it is good for them to remain single as I am.9But if they cannot exercise self-control, they should marry. For it is better to marry than to burn with passion.10To the married I give this charge (not I, but the Lord): the wife should not separate from her husband11(but if she does, she should remain unmarried or else be reconciled to her husband), and the husband should not divorce his wife.12To the rest I say (I, not the Lord) that if any brother has a wife who is an unbeliever, and she consents to live with him, he should not divorce her.13If any woman has a husband who is an unbeliever, and he consents to live with her, she should not divorce him.14For the unbelieving husband is made holy because of his wife, and the unbelieving wife is made holy because of her husband. Otherwise your children would be unclean, but as it is, they are holy.15But if the unbelieving partner separates, let it be so. In such cases the brother or sister is not enslaved. God has called you to peace.16For how do you know, wife, whether you will save your husband? Or how do you know, husband, whether you will save your wife?17Only let each person lead the life that the Lord has assigned to him, and to which God has called him. This is my rule in all the churches.18Was anyone at the time of his call already circumcised? Let him not seek to remove the marks of circumcision. Was anyone at the time of his call uncircumcised? Let him not seek circumcision.19For neither circumcision counts for anything nor uncircumcision, but keeping the commandments of God.20Each one should remain in the condition in which he was called.21Were you a bondservant when called? Do not be concerned about it. (But if you can gain your freedom, avail yourself of the opportunity.)22For he who was called in the Lord as a bondservant is a freedman of the Lord. Likewise he who was free when called is a bondservant of Christ.23You were bought with a price; do not become bondservants of men.24So, brothers, in whatever condition each was called, there let him remain with God.25Now concerning the betrothed, I have no command from the Lord, but I give my judgment as one who by the Lord's mercy is trustworthy.26I think that in view of the present distress it is good for a person to remain as he is.27Are you bound to a wife? Do not seek to be free. Are you free from a wife? Do not seek a wife.28But if you do marry, you have not sinned, and if a betrothed woman marries, she has not sinned. Yet those who marry will have worldly troubles, and I would spare you that.29This is what I mean, brothers: the appointed time has grown very short. From now on, let those who have wives live as though they had none,30and those who mourn as though they were not mourning, and those who rejoice as though they were not rejoicing, and those who buy as though they had no goods,31and those who deal with the world as though they had no dealings with it. For the present form of this world is passing away.32I want you to be free from anxieties. The unmarried man is anxious about the things of the Lord, how to please the Lord.33But the married man is anxious about worldly things, how to please his wife,34and his interests are divided. And the unmarried or betrothed woman is anxious about the things of the Lord, how to be holy in body and spirit. But the married woman is anxious about worldly things, how to please her husband.35I say this for your own benefit, not to lay any restraint upon you, but to promote good order and to secure your undivided devotion to the Lord.36If anyone thinks that he is not behaving properly toward his betrothed, if his passions are strong, and it has to be, let him do as he wishes: let them marry - it is no sin.37But whoever is firmly established in his heart, being under no necessity but having his desire under control, and has determined this in his heart, to keep her as his betrothed, he will do well.38So then he who marries his betrothed does well, and he who refrains from marriage will do even better.39A wife is bound to her husband as long as he lives. But if her husband dies, she is free to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord.40Yet in my judgment she is happier if she remains as she is. And I think that I too have the Spirit of God.

1Now concerning the things whereof ye wrote unto me: It is good for a man not to touch a woman.2Nevertheless, to avoid fornication, let every man have his own wife, and let every woman have her own husband.3Let the husband render unto the wife due benevolence: and likewise also the wife unto the husband.4The wife hath not power of her own body, but the husband: and likewise also the husband hath not power of his own body, but the wife.5Defraud ye not one the other, except it be with consent for a time, that ye may give yourselves to fasting and prayer; and come together again, that Satan tempt you not for your incontinency.6But I speak this by permission, and not of commandment.7For I would that all men were even as I myself. But every man hath his proper gift of God, one after this manner, and another after that.8I say therefore to the unmarried and widows, It is good for them if they abide even as I.9But if they cannot contain, let them marry: for it is better to marry than to burn.10And unto the married I command, yet not I, but the Lord, Let not the wife depart from her husband:11But and if she depart, let her remain unmarried or be reconciled to her husband: and let not the husband put away his wife.12But to the rest speak I, not the Lord: If any brother hath a wife that believeth not, and she be pleased to dwell with him, let him not put her away.13And the woman which hath an husband that believeth not, and if he be pleased to dwell with her, let her not leave him.14For the unbelieving husband is sanctified by the wife, and the unbelieving wife is sanctified by the husband: else were your children unclean; but now are they holy.15But if the unbelieving depart, let him depart. A brother or a sister is not under bondage in such cases: but God hath called us to peace.16For what knowest thou, O wife, whether thou shalt save thy husband? or how knowest thou, O man, whether thou shalt save thy wife?17But as God hath distributed to every man, as the Lord hath called every one, so let him walk. And so ordain I in all churches.18Is any man called being circumcised? let him not become uncircumcised. Is any called in uncircumcision? let him not be circumcised.19Circumcision is nothing, and uncircumcision is nothing, but the keeping of the commandments of God.20Let every man abide in the same calling wherein he was called.21Art thou called being a servant? care not for it: but if thou mayest be made free, use it rather.22For he that is called in the Lord, being a servant, is the Lord's freeman: likewise also he that is called, being free, is Christ's servant.23Ye are bought with a price; be not ye the servants of men.24Brethren, let every man, wherein he is called, therein abide with God.25Now concerning virgins I have no commandment of the Lord: yet I give my judgment, as one that hath obtained mercy of the Lord to be faithful.26I suppose therefore that this is good for the present distress, I say, that it is good for a man so to be.27Art thou bound unto a wife? seek not to be loosed. Art thou loosed from a wife? seek not a wife.28But and if thou marry, thou hast not sinned; and if a virgin marry, she hath not sinned. Nevertheless such shall have trouble in the flesh: but I spare you.29But this I say, brethren, the time is short: it remaineth, that both they that have wives be as though they had none;30And they that weep, as though they wept not; and they that rejoice, as though they rejoiced not; and they that buy, as though they possessed not;31And they that use this world, as not abusing it: for the fashion of this world passeth away.32But I would have you without carefulness. He that is unmarried careth for the things that belong to the Lord, how he may please the Lord:33But he that is married careth for the things that are of the world, how he may please his wife.34There is difference also between a wife and a virgin. The unmarried woman careth for the things of the Lord, that she may be holy both in body and in spirit: but she that is married careth for the things of the world, how she may please her husband.35And this I speak for your own profit; not that I may cast a snare upon you, but for that which is comely, and that ye may attend upon the Lord without distraction.36But if any man think that he behaveth himself uncomely toward his virgin, if she pass the flower of her age, and need so require, let him do what he will, he sinneth not: let them marry.37Nevertheless he that standeth stedfast in his heart, having no necessity, but hath power over his own will, and hath so decreed in his heart that he will keep his virgin, doeth well.38So then he that giveth her in marriage doeth well; but he that giveth her not in marriage doeth better.39The wife is bound by the law as long as her husband liveth; but if her husband be dead, she is at liberty to be married to whom she will; only in the Lord.40But she is happier if she so abide, after my judgment: and I think also that I have the Spirit of God.

English Standard Version

King James Version

1You then, my child, be strengthened by the grace that is in Christ Jesus,2and what you have heard from me in the presence of many witnesses entrust to faithful men who will be able to teach others also.3Share in suffering as a good soldier of Christ Jesus.4No soldier gets entangled in civilian pursuits, since his aim is to please the one who enlisted him.5An athlete is not crowned unless he competes according to the rules.6It is the hard-working farmer who ought to have the first share of the crops.7Think over what I say, for the Lord will give you understanding in everything.8Remember Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, the offspring of David, as preached in my gospel,9for which I am suffering, bound with chains as a criminal. But the word of God is not bound!10Therefore I endure everything for the sake of the elect, that they also may obtain the salvation that is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory.11The saying is trustworthy, for: If we have died with him, we will also live with him;12if we endure, we will also reign with him; if we deny him, he also will deny us;13if we are faithless, he remains faithful - for he cannot deny himself.14Remind them of these things, and charge them before God not to quarrel about words, which does no good, but only ruins the hearers.15Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a worker who has no need to be ashamed, rightly handling the word of truth.16But avoid irreverent babble, for it will lead people into more and more ungodliness,17and their talk will spread like gangrene. Among them are Hymenaeus and Philetus,18who have swerved from the truth, saying that the resurrection has already happened. They are upsetting the faith of some.19But God's firm foundation stands, bearing this seal: The Lord knows those who are his, and, Let everyone who names the name of the Lord depart from iniquity.20Now in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and silver but also of wood and clay, some for honorable use, some for dishonorable.21Therefore, if anyone cleanses himself from what is dishonorable, he will be a vessel for honorable use, set apart as holy, useful to the master of the house, ready for every good work.22So flee youthful passions and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace, along with those who call on the Lord from a pure heart.23Have nothing to do with foolish, ignorant controversies; you know that they breed quarrels.24And the Lord's servant must not be quarrelsome but kind to everyone, able to teach, patiently enduring evil,25correcting his opponents with gentleness. God may perhaps grant them repentance leading to a knowledge of the truth,26and they may come to their senses and escape from the snare of the devil, after being captured by him to do his will.

1Thou therefore, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus.2And the things that thou hast heard of me among many witnesses, the same commit thou to faithful men, who shall be able to teach others also.3Thou therefore endure hardness, as a good soldier of Jesus Christ.4No man that warreth entangleth himself with the affairs of this life; that he may please him who hath chosen him to be a soldier.5And if a man also strive for masteries, yet is he not crowned, except he strive lawfully.6The husbandman that laboureth must be first partaker of the fruits.7Consider what I say; and the Lord give thee understanding in all things.8Remember that Jesus Christ of the seed of David was raised from the dead according to my gospel:9Wherein I suffer trouble, as an evil doer, even unto bonds; but the word of God is not bound.10Therefore I endure all things for the elect's sakes, that they may also obtain the salvation which is in Christ Jesus with eternal glory.11It is a faithful saying: For if we be dead with him, we shall also live with him:12If we suffer, we shall also reign with him: if we deny him, he also will deny us:13If we believe not, yet he abideth faithful: he cannot deny himself.14Of these things put them in remembrance, charging them before the Lord that they strive not about words to no profit, but to the subverting of the hearers.15Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.16But shun profane and vain babblings: for they will increase unto more ungodliness.17And their word will eat as doth a canker: of whom is Hymenaeus and Philetus;18Who concerning the truth have erred, saying that the resurrection is past already; and overthrow the faith of some.19Nevertheless the foundation of God standeth sure, having this seal, The Lord knoweth them that are his. And, Let every one that nameth the name of Christ depart from iniquity.20But in a great house there are not only vessels of gold and of silver, but also of wood and of earth; and some to honour, and some to dishonour.21If a man therefore purge himself from these, he shall be a vessel unto honour, sanctified, and meet for the master's use, and prepared unto every good work.22Flee also youthful lusts: but follow righteousness, faith, charity, peace, with them that call on the Lord out of a pure heart.23But foolish and unlearned questions avoid, knowing that they do gender strifes.24And the servant of the Lord must not strive; but be gentle unto all men, apt to teach, patient,25In meekness instructing those that oppose themselves; if God peradventure will give them repentance to the acknowledging of the truth;26And that they may recover themselves out of the snare of the devil, who are taken captive by him at his will.

The 'Apostle to the Gentiles' (d. c. CE 65). Paul had a major role in setting up the Early Church and is believed to be the author of several letters in the Bible.

Mary, the mother of Jesus and wife of Joseph. It is traditionally understood that Mary was, and remained, a virgin during both the conception and birth of Jesus.

A logical parallel to the thing being discussed, to help forward the argument. Often it is expressed as an extended simile. All analogies have their limits.