Note:
* Includes 4 IRA members killed in premature bomb explosions in Britain;
** Includes 1 Catholic and 5 Protestant civilians killed while attempting to stop bomb attack on their commercial property

Civilians working for British Forces

Civilians employed directly by the British Army (BA)

7

Contractors to British Army (BA) and Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) *

27

Total

34

Note:
* Includes 12 employees of contractors

Sectarian killings of Protestant civilians *

Total

130

Note:
* Deliberate killings of Protestant civilians. 88 of these killings occurred during the three years 1974-1976. The IRA used a nom de guerre – Republican Action Force (RepAF) – to claim responsibility for some of these killings during this period.

Civilians in Britain

Total

46

British ‘VIPs’

Christopher Ewart-Biggs, British Ambassador to Ireland, and his secretary

Note:
* A splinter group from the Irish People’s Liberation Organisation (IPLO), killed during the enforced disbandment of these two groups by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) during the autumn of 1992;
** Billy Fox, Fine Gael (FG) Senator, was shot during a confrontation with an Irish Republican Army (IRA) unit near to the home of a friend, Clones, County Monaghan, during March 1974.

Reason Not Known

IRA member

1

Protestant civilians

4

Catholic civilians

29

Civilian not from Northern Ireland *

1

Total

35

Note:
* Dutch seaman killed 12 November 1971.

INLA Killings (147)
(Includes 24 killings by IPLO between November 1986 and October 1992)

Note:
* John McKeague killed 29 January 1982 and George Seawright killed 3 December 1987.

Unintended Targets

Civilians killed during attacks on British Forces, or who were mistaken for British Forces

Protestant civilians

9

Catholic civilians

7

Civilian not from Northern Ireland

1

Civilians killed during attacks on Loyalist paramilitary personnel, or who were mistaken for Loyalist paramilitary personnel

Protestant civilians

1

Total

18

Sectarian killings of Protestant civilians

Total *

20

Note:
* Deliberate killings of Protestant civilians. The Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) have used nommes de guerre, such as People’s Republican Army (PRA) and Catholic Reaction Force (CRF) to claim responsibility for some of these killings.

Feuds

With Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) (1975 and 1982) – OIRA members

Note:
* Killed during bomb attack on British Army base, Aldershot, England, on 22 February 1972.

Premature Bomb Explosions

Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) members (one in Irish Republic)

3

Total

3

Feuds

With Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) (1975 and 1977) – INLA members

2

Members of Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP)

2

With Irish Republican Army (IRA) (1971, 1975, and 1977) – IRA members

3

Member of Sinn Féin (SF)

1

Catholic civilians

4

With Saor Eire (SE) (1975) – SE member

1

Total

13

Others

Protestant civilians during street disturbances *

3

Sectarian killing of protestant civilian

1

Civilian during armed robbery

1

Civilian during punishment attack

1

Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) Senator **

1

Total

7

Note:
* During August and September 1969;
** John Barnhill, Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) Stormont Senator, killed 12 December 1971.

Unknown

Former Official Irish Republican Army (xOIRA) members

2

Catholic civilian

1

Civilian in Irish Republic

1

Total

4

Saor Eire (SE) Killings (3)

1 member of Garda Siochana, and 2 members of Saor Eire (1 killed in a premature bomb explosion and 1 killed during an internal Saor Eire dispute). All 3 killings occurred in the Irish Republic.

Real Irish Republican Army (rIRA) Killings (29)

Real Irish Republican Army (rIRA) Killings

All killed during car bomb explosion in Omagh, County Tyrone on 15 August 1998.

Catholic civilians

13

Protestant civilians

11

Civilians not from Northern Ireland

5

Total

29

LOYALIST KILLINGS

Four paramilitary groups have carried out the Loyalist killinqs:

Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) has killed 483. It has also used nommes de guerre, Protestant Action Force (PAF), and Protestant Action Group (PAG) to claim responsibility for some killings. Included in this figure are 13 killings carried out by its offshoot, Red Hand Commando (RHC).

Ulster Defence Association (UDA) has killed 262. This figure includes 2 killinqs claimed by the Loyalist Retaliation and Defence Group (LRDG) during 1991. The UDA has never claimed responsibility for any killing, preferring to use a nom de guerre, Ulster Freedom Fighters (UFF).

Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF) has killed 18.

Red Hand Defenders (RHD) has killed 8.

In many instances, Loyalist military groups have never claimed responsibility for their killings, therefore it is virtually impossible to ascertain in every case which loyalist group carried out a particular killing. There are 256 killings in the non-specific loyalist group category marked ‘Loyalist’ (or non-specific Loyalist group; ‘LOY’) in the text. Hence all loyalist killings have been grouped together in the tables below.

Loyalist Killings (1,027)

Republican Paramilitary Personnel

Irish Republican Army (IRA) members

19

Former members of the Irish Republican Army (xIRA)

10

Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) members

4

Former members of Irish National Liberation Army (xINLA)

1

Irish People’s Liberation Organisation (IPLO) members

2

Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) members

5

Total

41

Nationalist / Republican Politicians

Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) members

5

Sinn Fein (SF) members *

14

Workers Party (WP) member

1

Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP) members

3

Irish Independence Party (IIP) member

1

Independent Nationalist Councillors

2

Nationalist Lawyers

2

Ex-internees

3

Total

31

Note:
* Includes one former member of Sinn Fein (SF).

British Forces

British Army (BA) in Northern Ireland

1

Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) / Royal Irish Regiment (RIR)

3

Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC)

8

Prison Officers (PO)

2

Total *

14

Note:
* Of the total 3 were killed during attacks on Catholic civilians, Catholic owned property or were mistaken for a Catholic, 1 was a Catholic member of the UDR, and 1 was killed during a bomb attack on a garage that had remained open during a Loyalist strike. Only 9 of the killings of British forces have been deliberate (6 RUC members, 1 British Army member and 2 prison officers).

Alleged Informers

Total

16

Sectarian Killings of Catholic civilians *

Total

718

Note:
* Deliberate killing of Catholic civilians. Includes 63 Protestant civilians, and 9 civilians not from Northern Ireland (3 from Britain, 5 from Irish Republic, and 1 from India) killed because they were mistaken for Catholic civilians, or associated with Catholic civilians.

British Forces have killed a total of 363. This figure includes 8 killings carried out by off duty personnel. The British Army (BA) has killed 297, and a further 8 killings have been carried out by the Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR) / Royal Irish Regiment (RIR). 55 killings have been carried out by the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), and 1 killing carried out by the British Police in Britain. The Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) or “B” Specials, have killed 1 person, and the Royal Air Force (RAF) has also killed 1 person. All British Forces killings have been grouped together in the tables below.

Republican Paramilitary Personnel

Irish Republican Army (IRA) members

124

Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) members

11

Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) members

10

Irish People’s Liberation Organisation (IPLO) member

1

Total

146

Loyalist Paramilitary Personnel

Ulster Defence Association (UDA) members

10

Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) members

8

Total

18

Civilians

Shot while in immediate vicinity of gun battle with Republican paramilitary forces

13

Killed while in immediate vicinity of street disturbances

26

Killed by special undercover units because mistaken for Republican paramilitary forces

7

Killed during altercation with British Forces patrol

10

Killed by rubber or plastic bullet *

16

Shot while engaged in criminal activity **

30

No obvious pattern of circumstances and/or reason for killing unknown

84

Total

186

Note:
* Excludes one IRA member who is included in Republican Paramilitary Personnel killed by British Forces;
** Of these, 15 were involved in robberies and15 were travelling in stolen cars.

Other British Forces

Off duty British Forces (assumed to have been Republicans or civilians)

5

On duty British Forces, shot in error, (mistaken for Republican Paramilitary Personnel)

4

Undercover British Forces, shot in error, during covert military operation

3

British soldier on leave, shot during street disturbances

1

Total

13

Killings by Military and Paramilitary Groups (1969-2001)

Republican Paramilitary Groups

Irish Republican Army (IRA) (includes 88 by non-specific Republican group since 1970)

1,823

Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) (includes 3 by non-specific Republican group during 1969)

56

Irish National Liberation Army (INLA)

123

Irish People’s Liberation Organisation (IPLO)

24

Saor Eire (SE)

3

Real Irish Republican Army (rIRA)

29

Total

2,058

Loyalist Paramilitary Groups

Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) (includes RHC, PAF, and PAG)

483

Ulster Defence Association (UDA) (includes UFF and LRDG)

262

Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF)

18

Red Hand Defenders (RHD)

8

Non-specific Loyalist group (LOY)

256

Total

1,027

British Forces

British Army (BA)

297

Ulster Defence Regiment (UDR)

8

Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC)

55

Ulster Special Constabulary (USC) (“B” Specials)

1

Royal Air Force (RAF)

1

British Police

1

Total

363

Irish Forces

Garda Síochána

4

Irish Army

1

Total

5

Others (Unable or impossible to identify killing group)

Total

79

Cumulative Total (1969 to 31 December 2001)

Total

3,532

Geographical Location of Killings (1969 – 2001)

Northern Ireland

3,272

Irish Republic

117

Britain

125

Elsewhere in Europe

18

Total

3,532

IRISH REPUBLIC’S FORCES (5)

The Irish Republic’s armed forces have killed 2 members of the IRA, 1 during an attempted escape from a prison (1975), and 1 during an armed robbery (1988). They have killed 2 members of the INLA, 1 during a gun battle (1987), and 1 also during an armed robbery (1997). They have also killed 1 member of the rIRA, again during an armed robbery (1998).

OTHERS (79)

A further 79 people have been killed. This figure includes 12 Republican prisoners who have died while on hunger strike, 2 in Britain in 1974 and 1976, and 10 in Northern Ireland during 1981. It is impossible to attribute a killing to any particular military group in 24 cases, were the death occurred during street disturbances, or a political/military incident. This leaves 43 killings for which it is not possible with the information available to identify the responsible group.