An oscillator is traditional. Difficult to make it quite foolproof but it generally sorts the living from the dead. A bit of ingenuity can arrange that devices with low gain, big input currents or big offsets will fail to oscillate. Fairly heavy output loading will spot busted output stages, and a near-sinewave or triangle wave should catch heavy distortion, assuming that you have an oscilloscope available.

I used nearly 100,000 TL074 quad opamps in an audio equalizer product and every circuit was thoroughly tested. Not one opamp failed.
But one didn't work because the opamp was mounted backwards and two had defective electrolytic capacitors.