Sønheim extends much farther north -- it goes up and over the pole of the planet -- but the majority of its residents live in the area shown here. (It's like Canada that way.) There's also a bit of Ceannis to the north. For scale, the portion seen here is comparable in size to the US; that lake in the middle, with the city of Central at its border, is approximately the size of Ohio.

It'll vary from language to language, but my current plan is for most of them to just call it "Earth." That is, the language's word for "dirt", repurposed as a proper noun. It's the easiest way to get a name for the planet you're standing on...