Sandi Smith: Talk, and listen, to Alzheimer's patients

The most debilitative and indicative symptom of Alzheimer's is the gradual loss of words and understanding, which are crucial to even the most basic communication that most of us take for granted.

Alzheimer's patients realize there is a problem, even though they may not understand what is happening. This can cause confusion, fright and frustration for the sufferer of Alzheimer's disease as well as for loved ones and caregivers of those with Alzheimer's.

The Alzheimer's Association suggests the following tips to achieve better communication in spite of the disease.

First, it is important to learn to recognize the changes in communication and behavior in those with Alzheimer's. Caregivers must learn how to assist in communication, and to identify and adapt to efficient ways of communication unique to the patient.

It's important, when trying to communicate, to be not only patient but also supportive. Take the time to listen with no interruptions or criticisms. Offer reassurance that the patient can take his or her time to try to form thoughts into proper words.

Try not to correct misused words. There is often meaning behind those words, and if you take the time, you may discover what that is.

Focus on the emotion that may lie within the words. Nuances in voice tone, as well as hand gestures or facial expressions, can be critical in helping you determine the meaning behind the words being spoken.

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When appropriate, retreat to a quiet place to communicate. Noise and crowds may intimidate the Alzheimer's patient, resulting in increased frustration and anxiety as well as decreased verbalization. Sometimes, all the person needs is a bit of quiet to organize and verbalize thoughts.

At times you may become angry or frustrated yourself, but understand that criticizing or arguing only serves to increase levels of discomfort and agitation for those with Alzheimer's. Instead, practice patience. Offer occasional suggestions for words they are trying to speak.

If the patient is in late stages of Alzheimer's, there are other measures you can take to improve communication efforts. Let the person know who you are, to create a sense of familiarity. Use simple words and sentences, and speak slowly, in a lowered tone of voice.

Be prepared to repeat your questions or information you are imparting, and also be prepared for Alzheimer's sufferers to repeat themselves.

Be respectful, calm and caring in your actions and tone of voice.

Using signals or written words to communicate or as reminders can be extremely helpful.

Above all, remain positive even the face of adversity. Alzheimer's disease is extremely trying for the patient and the caregiver, family member or friend who is dealing with a loved one who has Alzheimer's. Remember, the challenges are neither your fault nor theirs. Patience, understanding and compassion on your part can mean the difference between failure and success in effective communication.