Abstract

The field of electrooptic light modulation by means of the Pockels and Kerr effects in crystals is summarized with particular attention to communications applications using the optical maser. All available data on electrooptic materials are tabulated, and design considerations and operating principles for various modulator configurations are outlined.

I. P. Kaminow, unpublished. This value measured at 9.3 GHz. It was also found that tan δ=0.002.

K. K. Thornber, A. J. Kurtzig, E. H. Turner, unpublished. The value r41=0.5 was obtained using pulse methods on relatively low resistivity samples. The 1.06 value was from a heterodyne measurement on a sample having > 105ohm cm resistivity at 75 MHz, where ∊was measured. More weight should be given the larger value.

W. E. Ford, Dana’s Textbook of Mineralogy, fourth ed. New York: Wiley, 1932. This reference gives the value n=1.535 for the mineral compound K2Mg2(SO4)3and is assumed approximately correct for the other two. Also n≈ 1.572 for K2Mn2(SO4)3.

W. E. Ford, Dana’s Textbook of Mineralogy, fourth ed. New York: Wiley, 1932. This reference gives the value n=1.535 for the mineral compound K2Mg2(SO4)3and is assumed approximately correct for the other two. Also n≈ 1.572 for K2Mn2(SO4)3.

K. K. Thornber, A. J. Kurtzig, E. H. Turner, unpublished. The value r41=0.5 was obtained using pulse methods on relatively low resistivity samples. The 1.06 value was from a heterodyne measurement on a sample having > 105ohm cm resistivity at 75 MHz, where ∊was measured. More weight should be given the larger value.

K. K. Thornber, A. J. Kurtzig, E. H. Turner, unpublished. The value r41=0.5 was obtained using pulse methods on relatively low resistivity samples. The 1.06 value was from a heterodyne measurement on a sample having > 105ohm cm resistivity at 75 MHz, where ∊was measured. More weight should be given the larger value.

K. K. Thornber, A. J. Kurtzig, E. H. Turner, unpublished. The value r41=0.5 was obtained using pulse methods on relatively low resistivity samples. The 1.06 value was from a heterodyne measurement on a sample having > 105ohm cm resistivity at 75 MHz, where ∊was measured. More weight should be given the larger value.

E. H. Turner, to be published. These are results of heterodyne measurements on vapor grown and hydrothermally grown crystals.

I. P. Kaminow, unpublished. This value measured at 9.3 GHz. It was also found that tan δ=0.002.

K. K. Thornber, A. J. Kurtzig, E. H. Turner, unpublished. The value r41=0.5 was obtained using pulse methods on relatively low resistivity samples. The 1.06 value was from a heterodyne measurement on a sample having > 105ohm cm resistivity at 75 MHz, where ∊was measured. More weight should be given the larger value.

W. E. Ford, Dana’s Textbook of Mineralogy, fourth ed. New York: Wiley, 1932. This reference gives the value n=1.535 for the mineral compound K2Mg2(SO4)3and is assumed approximately correct for the other two. Also n≈ 1.572 for K2Mn2(SO4)3.

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