Notes

Acknowledgements

We are deeply grateful to H. Endo (BSKU), G. Shinohara (NSMT), M. Nakae (NSMT), K. Hoshino (SNFR), G. I. Moore (WAM) and K. Hagiwara (YCM) for providing opportunities to examine specimens; H. Senou (Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, Japan) for his assistance in taking x-rays; Y. Kaji (WMNH) for providing information on specimens in WMNH; and H. Takahashi (National Fisheries University) for his assistance in taking photomicrographs. Y. Haraguchi (KAUM) and other volunteers and students of KAUM provided curatorial assistance, and G. S. Hardy (Ngunguru, New Zealand) read the manuscript and provided help with English. We thank K. W. Conway (Texas A&M University) for reviewing the manuscript. This study was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP19770067, JP26241027, JP24370041, JP23580259, and JP26450265; the JSPS Core-to-Core Program: B Asia-Africa Science Platforms; the “Biological Properties of Biodiversity Hotspots in Japan” project of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan; “Establishment of Research and Education Network on Biodiversity and Its Conservation in the Satsunan Islands” project of Kagoshima University adopted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan; and the “Island Research” project of Kagoshima University.