1. Reform of the _________ began in the tenth century. It was started by a noble named _____________ in 914 A.D. Some monks gave their ___________ to reform.
2. The real leaders of reform were the monks of ___________ in Frances _____________ region.
3. Name three abbots devoted to monastic reform: St. ____________, St. _____________, and St. ______________.
4. The founder of the monastery was _____________, who encouraged the virtues of ___________, ____________, and __________. Life there was full of ________ life, the Rule observed to the letter.
5. Reform of the ___________ and _________ was no less indispensable than that of the religious houses.
6. There was a need for the free election of ___________, which would _________ the clergy from lay interference.
7. The holy example of the monks inspired the ___________, or common people of Italy to demand a ___________ worthy of ____________.
8. St. Peter ___________ denounced ____________, the sin of priestly fornication. He also denounced ______________.
9. The reformists in the Church were opposed by __________ and __________ priests and pampered __________.
10. The Church reformers understood that there had to be an absolute ____________ between the Church and the ____________ world.
11. The chief person to perceive this truth was Cardinal ______________. Pope St. _________ (1049-1054 A.D) spearheaded these efforts.
12. Thanks to the Gregorian popes, reform was carried out not _________ Rome, as was to happen in the sixteenth century, but _________ her.
13. ___________ and _____________ monarchy began to emerge about 1000 A.D. They fought to end the ___________ system, which favored their rivals, the ___________.
14. The Church supported the emergence of _______________, favoring one __________ over another, seeking to make use of this new force to ______________ the Christian world.
15. In France, in 987 A.D., the first _________ king was crowned, ending the ___________ dynasty of Charlemagne.
16. In England around 1000 A.D., the Church broke with the _________ in favor of the ___________. After the __________ massacred the Norsemen, _______________, the king of Denmark, overran the whole of the country. He linked England even closer to the ________________.
17. In 962 A.D., ____________ the Great was crowned emperor of the ___________ and ____________ Empire. Soon he captured ____________ and subjected the Pope to himself.
18. According to Daniel-Rops, the year ______ A.D. marks the end of the Dark Ages and the emergence of a new Christian ______________.
19. The Church survived during this time because it was not a ___________ institution.

Short answer

1. Discuss life and worship at Cluny.

2. Why was Cluny so successful?

3. How did St. Romuald protests against the decadence of the Church? How did St. John Gualbert?