2007年4月11日 星期三

編號:004英文題目:Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium, substances essential for building and maintaining bones. Many people therefore believe that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent osteoporosis, a disease in which the bones weaken significantly with age and that is linked to both environmental and genetic factors. But a long-term study of a large number of people has found that those who have consistently consumed dairy products throughout the years of the study have a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the study. Since bone fractures are a symptom of osteoporosis, this study result shows that a diet rich in dairy products may actually increase, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis.中文題目:牛奶及乳製品富含維生素D及鈣質等對骨骼建立與維護不可或缺的物質。許多人因此相信富含乳製品的食物能幫助預防骨質疏鬆症,一種骨骼隨年紀增長而明顯弱化的疾病，其成因與環境及基因息息相關。然而一個對大量民眾的長期研究發現，那些持續攝取乳製品的人在多年的研究之後比起其他參與者有更高的骨折比例。既然骨折是骨質疏鬆症的症狀之一，此一研究結果顯示富含乳製品的食品事實上可能增加，而非減少罹患骨質疏鬆症的風險。邏輯關係:Fact 1: Milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium, substances essential for building and maintaining bones. Many people therefore believe that a diet rich in dairy products can help prevent osteoporosis.Cause 1: ageCause 2: environmental factorsCause 3: genetic factorsEffect 1: osteoporosisFact 2: those who have consistently consumed dairy products throughout the years of the studyFact 3: have a higher rate of bone fractures than any other participants in the study.Fact 4: bone fractures are a symptom of osteoporosis.Effect 2: a diet rich in dairy products may actually increase, rather than decrease, the risk of osteoporosis.

----------------------------------------------------------編號:005The following appeared in the summary of a study on headaches suffered by the residents of Mentia.

"Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin, a medicine used to treat headaches. Although many foods are naturally rich in salicylates, for the past several decades food-processing companies have also been adding salicylates to foods as preservatives. This rise in the commercial use of salicylates has been found to correlate with a steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study. Recently, food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods. With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia."

邏輯關係：Fact 1: Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin.Fact 2: Aspirin is used to treat headaches.Cause 1: The rise in the commercial use of salicylates.Effect 1: A steady decline in the average number of headaches reported by participants in our twenty-year study.Fact 3: food-processing companies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods.Effect 2: we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia.