Mazda Motor Corporation is a Japanese automaker based in Fuchū, Aki District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.In 2007, Mazda produced almost 1.3 million vehicles for global sales, the majority of which (almost 1 million) had been produced in the company's Japanese plants, with the remainder coming from a variety of other plants worldwide. In 2011, Mazda had been the fifteenth biggest automaker by production worldwide.

Mazda started as the Toyo Cork Kogyo Co., Ltd, founded in Japan in 1920. Toyo Cork Kogyo renamed itself to Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. in 1927. Toyo Kogyo moved from manufacturing machine tools to vehicles with the introduction of the Mazda-Go in 1931. Toyo Kogyo produced weapons for the Japanese military throughout the Second World War, most notably the series 30 through 35 Type 99 rifle. The company formally adopted the Mazda title in 1984, though every car sold from the beginning bore that name. The Mazda R360 was introduced in 1960, followed by the Mazda engines in 1962.

Beginning in the Mazda, 1960s put a major engineering effort into development of the Wankel rotary engine as a way of differentiating itself from other Japanese automobile companies. Beginning with the limited-production Cosmo Sport of 1967 and continuing to the present day with the Pro Mazda Championship, Mazda has become the single manufacturer of Wankel-type engines primarily by way of attrition and NSU both offered up on the design during the 1970s, and prototype Corvette efforts by General Motors never made it to production.)

This effort to bring attention to itself supposedly assisted, as Mazda rapidly began to export its vehicles. Both piston-powered and rotary-powered models made their way around the world. The rotary designs quickly became popular for their combination of good energy and light weight when compared to piston-engined rivals that required heavier V6 or V8 engines to produce the same power. The R100 and the famed RX series (RX-2, RX-3, and RX-4) led the company's export efforts.

During 1968, Mazda started formal operations in Canada (MazdaCanada) although Mazdas had been seen in Canada as early as 1959. In 1970, Mazda formally joined the American market (Mazda North American Operations) and was very successful there, going therefore far as to produce the Mazda Rotary Pickup (based on the traditional piston-powered B-Series model) solely for North American buyers. To this Mazda, day remains the only automaker to have produced a Wankel-powered pickup truck. Additionally, it is additionally the only marque to have ever provided a rotary-powered bus (the Mazda Parkway, offered only in Japan) or station wagon (inside the RX-3 & RX-4 line for US areas).

Mazda's rotary success continued until the onset of the 1973 oil crisis. As American buyers (in addition to those in other nations) quickly turned to vehicles with much better gas efficiency, the relatively thirsty rotary-powered models began to fall out of favor. An already heavily indebted Toyo Kogyo was on the verge of bankruptcy and was only saved through the intervention of Sumitomo Bank. Wisely, the company had not totally turned its back on piston engines, as it continued to create a variety of four-cylinder models throughout the 1970s. The smaller Familia line in particular became very crucial to Mazda's worldwide sales after 1973, since did the somewhat larger Capella series.

Mazda refocused its efforts and made the rotary engine an option for the sporting motorist instead than a mainstream powerplant. Starting with the lightweight RX-7 in 1978 and continuing with the modern RX-8, Mazda has continued its dedication to this unique powerplant. This switch in focus also resulted in the development of another lightweight sports car, the piston-powered Mazda Roadster (maybe better known by its worldwide names as the MX-5 or Miata), encouraged by the concept 'jinba ittai'. Introduced in 1989 to worldwide acclaim, the Roadster has been commonly credited with reviving the concept of the small sports car after its decline in the late 1970s.

From 1979 to 2010, Mazda had a partnership with the Ford Motor Company, whoan obtained a 7% share in 1979 and by 1996, owned 33.3% of Mazda. Under the administration of Alan Mulally, Ford gradually divested its stake in Mazda from 2008 to 2010, with Ford presently holding 0% of Mazda stock and severing production as well because development ties.

Mazda's financial problems throughout the 1960s lead in a new corporate investor, Ford Motor Company. Starting in 1979 with a 7-percent financial stake, Ford began a partnership with Mazda resulting in various joint projects. During the Ford, 1980s gained another 20-percent financial stake. These included large and small efforts in all areas of the automotive landscape — most notably in the realm of pickup trucks (such as the Mazda B-Series, which spawned a Ford Courier variant in North America in 1972) and smaller cars. For Mazda, instance's Familia platform had been utilized for Ford models like the Laser and Escort, while the Capella architecture found its way into Ford's Telstar sedan and Probe sports models. In 2002 Ford gained an extra 5-percent financial stake.

The Probe was built in a new Mazda assembly plant in Flat Rock, Michigan together with the mainstream 626 sedan (the Nortan United states version of the Capella) and a friend Mazda MX-6 sports coupe. Ford has also lent Mazda some of its capacity when needed: the Mazda 121 sold in Europe and South Africa was, for a time, a variant of the Ford Fiesta built in plants in Europe and South Africa. Mazda has also made an effort in the past to sell some of Ford's cars in Japan, mainly through its Autorama dealer group.

Mazda also helped Ford develop the 1991 Explorer, which Mazda sold as the 2-door only Mazda Navajo from 1991 through 1994. Ironically, Mazda's version was unsuccessful, while the Ford (available from the start as 4-door or 2-door model) immediately became the best selling sport-utility vehicle in the United States and kept that title for over a decade. Mazda has used Ford's Ranger pickup as the foundation for its North American–market B-Series trucks, beginning in 1994 and continuing through 2010, whenever Mazda discontinued importing its B-Series vehicles to North America, due to costs connected with the chicken tax.

Following its long-held fascination with alternative engine technology, Mazda introduced the first Miller cycle motor for automotive use in the Millenia luxury sedan of 1995. Though the Millenia (and its Miller-type V6 engine) were discontinued in 2002, the company has recently introduced a much smaller Miller-cycle four-cylinder engine for use in its Demio starting in 2008. As with its leadership in Wankel technology, Mazda remains (so far) the only automaker to have utilized a Miller-cycle engine in the automotive realm.

Further financial difficulties at Mazda throughout the 1990s (partly caused by losses related to the 1997 Asian financial crisis) caused Ford to improve its stake to a 33.4-percent controlling interest in May 1996. In June 1996, Henry Wallace was appointed President, and he set about restructuring Mazda and establishing it on a new strategic direction. He laid out a new direction for the brand including the design of the current Mazda marque; he laid out a new product plan to attain synergies with Ford, and he launched Mazda's digital innovation program to speed up the development of new products. At the exact same time, he started taking control of overseas distributors, rationalized dealerships and manufacturing facilities, and driving much needed efficiencies and price reductions in Mazda's operations. Much of his early work put Mazda back into profitability and laid the foundations for future success. Wallace had been succeeded by James Miller in November 1997, used in December 1999 by Ford executive Mark Fields, whom has been credited with expanding Mazda's new product lineup and leading the turnaround throughout the early 2000s. Ford's increased influence during the 1990s allowed Mazda to claim another distinction in history, having maintained the very first foreign-born head of a Japanese car company, Henry Wallace.

Amidst the world monetary crisis in the fall of 2008, reports emerged that Ford had been contemplating a purchase of its share in Mazda as a way of streamlining its asset base. BusinessWeek explained the alliance between Ford and Mazda has been a really successful one, with Mazda saving maybe million a year in development costs and Ford "several times" that, and that a sale of its stake in Mazda would be a desperate measure. On November 18, 2008, Ford announced that it will be selling a 20% stake in Mazda, bringing its stake to 13.4%, and surrendering control of the company. The following day, Mazda announced that, as part of the deal, it had been buying back 6.8% of its shares from Ford. It was also reported that Hisakazu Imaki would be stepping down as chief executive, to be replaced by Takashi Yamanouchi. On November 18, 2010, Ford reduced its stake further to 3%, citing the reduction of ownership would allow greater flexibility to pursue growth in emerging markets. Ford and Mazda remain strategic partners through joint ventures and exchanges of technological information.

The first racing victory by a Wankel-engined car in the United States was in 1973, whenever Pat Bedard won an IMSA RS competition at Lime Rock Park in a Mazda RX-2.

In 1976, Ray Walle, owner of Z&W Mazda, drove a Cosmo (Mazda RX-5) from the dealership in Princeton, New Jersey, to Daytona, won the Touring Class Under 2.5 Liters at the 24 Hours of Daytona, and drove the car back to New Jersey. The Cosmo placed eighteenth overall in a field of 72. The only modifications were racing brake pads, exhaust, and safety gear.

After substantial successes by the Mazda RX-2 and Mazda RX-3, the Mazda RX-7 has won more IMSA races in its class than any other model of automobile, with its hundredth victory on September 2, 1990. Following that, the RX-7 won its course in the IMSA 24 Hours of Daytona race ten years in a row, starting in 1982. The RX-7 won the IMSA Grand Touring Under Two Liter (GTU) championship each 12 months from 1980 through 1987, inclusive.

In 1991, a four-rotor Mazda 787B (2622 cc actual, rated by FIA formula at 4708 cc) won the 24 Hours of Le Mans auto race outright. The 787B's triumph remains unparalleled, as it remains the only non-piston-engined car ever to win at Le Mans, and Mazda is still the only Japanese marque to have won overall at Le Mans – ironically after Nissan had closed down its World Sportscar Championship programme and Toyota had opted to take a sabbatical for most of 1991 in order to develop its 3.5-litre TS010. This led to a ban on rotary engines in the Le Mans race starting in 1992, which has because been rescinded. After the 1991 race, the winning engine was publicly dismantled for internal assessment, which demonstrated that despite 24 hours of extremely hard use it had accumulated very little wear.

The Le Mans win in 1991 then followed a decade of class wins from other Mazda prototypes, including the 757 and 767. The Sigma MC74 powered by a Mazda 12A engine was the very first group and engine from outside Western Europe or the United States to finish the whole 24 hours of the Le Mans competition, in 1974. Mazda is also the many dependable finisher at Le Mans (with the exception of Honda, which has entered only three cars in only one year), with 67% of entries finishing. Mazda will return to prototype racing in 2005 with the introduction of the Courage C65 LMP2 car at the American Le Mans Series race at Road Atlanta. This prototype racer uses the Renesis Wankel from the RX-8.

Mazdas have also enjoyed substantial success in World Land Speed competition, SCCA competition, drag racing, pro rally competition (the Familia showed up in the WRC several times during the late '80s and early '90s), the One Lap of America competition (winning SUV & truck in a MazdaSpeed5), and other venues. Wankel engines have been banned for some time from worldwide Formula One racing, since well as from United States midget racing, after Gene Angelillo won the North East Midget Racing Association championship in 1985 with a car powered by a 13B engine, and once more in 1986 in a automobile powered by a 12A engine.

The Mazda6 or Mazda 6 is a Mid-size vehicle yielded by the Japanese vehicle maker Mazda because 2002, today inside its 3rd generation. It changed the long-serving Mazda 626 that changed the Mazda 616 inside 1977. The Mazda6 has available over 1 million units internationally because its introduction, hitting this sales milestone quicker than all past Mazdas.

The Mazda6 was the initial illustration of the company's fresh Stylish, Insightful, plus Spirited shape strategy followed by the Mazda2 inside December 2002, the RX-8 inside August 2003, the Mazda3 inside January 2004, the Mazda5 inside the summer of 2005, the MX-5 inside October 2005, as well as the Mazda CX-7 inside November 2006. The 2003 Mazda6 is basically the 4th generation Mazda 626 because the Mazda6 continues found on the G-platform, progressing within the GF-platform 626/Capella with the GG-platform Mazda6.
MZR is the brand name of the generation of Straight-4 motors designed plus built by the Mazda Motor Corporation from 2001 with the present. MZR stands for MaZda Responsive". The MZR generation involves gasoline plus diesel driven motors ranging inside displacements from 1.3L with 2.5L. All gasoline-powered MZRs feature an all-aluminum block construction with iron cylinder liners. The diesel MZR-CD machines utilize a cast-iron block plus an aluminum cylinder head.

Every engine has its own engine code as well as for precision ought to be diagnosed with these.

The DISI turbocharged MZR L3-VDT was found on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 3 straight years for 2006, 2007 plus 2008.

The Ford Motor Company owns rights with build plus utilize the MZR generation of machines beneath their Duratec brand name for worldwide service inside its cars because 2003.

As of 2011, Mazda discontinued development of the MZR generation of machines with be changed by their fresh SkyActiv generation of machines. Ford continues with develop plus manufacture variants of the Z-engine plus L-engine for their Duratec plus EcoBoost four-cylinder machines. The third generation MX-5 continues to be yielded with all the MZR 1.8 or 2.0 engine, that can be shipped within the factory with a Ford Motor Company oil filter fitted, recommending a shared creation line.
The model lineup consists of the four-door sedan, a five-door hatchback along with a five-door property, advertised inside North America because the "Sport Sedan", "5-Door" plus "Sport Wagon", respectively. In Australia, the lineup begins with Limited, accessible just because a saloon. Next comes the Classic, obtainable in saloon, hatch or property. The Luxury model is upcoming obtainable in saloon plus hatch versions. Topping the range is the Luxury Sports model, accessible just because a hatch. In New Zealand the lineup consisted of 2.0L GLX, 2.3L GSX, as well as the range-topping 2.3L Limited.

Whenever it arrived inside North America, it was initially available because a 2003 model inside the United States plus because a 2004 model inside Canada. In Europe, the deluxe sports model was accessible because a 220 hp direct injection turbodiesel property up till 2007. As of 2008, the European Mazda catalog lists just the "Sport" variation of the 246 hp turbodiesel property, when the "Luxury Sport" adaptation has been dropped.

Drivetrain combinations include the Mazda MZR engine inside designs of 1.8 L, 2.0 L plus 2.3 L, initially with a five-speed guide or four-speed automatic transmission. In the US domestic marketplace a 3.0 L Duratec 20 V6 engine is additionally accessible with a five-speed guide or five-speed automatic. European plus Australian versions furthermore feature a four-cylinder turbodiesel which comes with a six-speed guide transmission plus produces more torque than the V6, with much improved gas economy.

In North America, the 5-speed automatic optional found on the V6 models is changed by an Aisin 6-speed automatic for 2005 model year. The four-cylinder model receives a Jatco five-speed automatic inside the following year. Power is guided with the front wheels inside many markets, though full-time all-wheel-drive models are obtainable in Japan, Europe plus Australia. Not all designs are obtainable in all regions - for illustration, the Mazda 6 because introduced inside Australia is obtainable in 2.3L four-cylinder guise just, whilst the 626 that it changed was accessible with a choice of four- or six-cylinder machines. The MZI V6 engine was just fitted with cars produced at Flat Rock, Michigan plus destined for the US plus Canadian domestic markets.

Simply because before the Mazda 626 was renamed with Mazda6 Atenza, Ford continues with employ the Mazda's G-series platform for the basis of the quantity of its CD3 platform coded cars, including the Ford Fusion, Mercury Milan, Lincoln Zephyr/MKZ, Lincoln MKX, along with a range of SUVs plus minivans. Ford furthermore plans to provide a crossbreed powertrain found on the platform. The official Mazda chassis codes are GG plus GY series - after the 626/Capella inside its GF/GW series.

Mazda's Hofu vegetation inside Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan provide the Mazda6 for global markets from February 2002 with August 2007. In North America, Mazda 6 creation is handled at the AutoAlliance International plant that is a joint venture between Ford plus Mazda. The initial Mazda 6 rolled off this Flat Rock, Michigan assembly line about October 1, 2002, 1 month following 626 creation ended. There are furthermore satellite vegetation building Mazda 6 models inside China plus Thailand for their respective localized markets.

In September 2005, all Australian Mazda 6's received a facelift that included a feature upgrade, 5-speed car plus 6-speed guide transmissions, standard 16- or 17-inch alloy wheels plus minor bodywork upgrades.

In China, the Mazda6 is utilized because the base for the FAW Benteng, sometimes known because Besturn or Hongqi C301, produced by the First Automobile Works inside Jilin Province.
Whenever powering 2 wheels simultaneously the wheels need to be enabled with turn at different speeds because the car goes about curves. This really is accomplished with a differential. A differential enables 1 input shaft with drive 2 output shafts independently with different speeds. The differential distributes torque evenly, when distributing angular velocity these which the average for the 2 output shafts is equal to this of the differential ring gear. Every driven axle needs the differential with distribute force between your left plus proper sides. Whenever all 4 wheels are driven, a 3rd or 'center' differential is utilized with distribute force amongst the front plus back axles.

The described program handles very perfectly, because it really is capable to support numerous forces of movement plus distribute energy evenly plus smoothly, creating slippage unlikely. Once it does slip, yet, healing is difficult. If the left front wheel of the 4WD car slips about an icy patch of road, by way of example, the slipping wheel might angle quicker than the additional wheels due with the lower traction at which wheel. Since a differential applies equal torque with every half-shaft, energy is reduced at the additional wheels, whether or not they have superior traction. This condition will arise inside both 2WD plus 4WD cars, when the driven wheel is located about a surface with small traction or raised off the ground. The simplistic shape functions acceptably effectively for 2WD cars. It is a lot less acceptable for 4WD cars, considering 4WD cars have twice because various wheels with that to get rid of traction, improving the likelihood it will arise. 4WD cars will moreover be more probably with drive about surfaces with reduced traction. But, because torque is split among 4 wheels instead of 2, every wheel receives around half the torque of the 2WD car, reducing the possible for wheel slip.
The 2006 Mazdaspeed Atenza is a high-performance adaptation of the Mazda 6. Its mission statement was created with Peter Birtwhistle, chief of Mazda's advanced shape studio inside Germany at the time. It was initially unveiled because a concept at the 2002 Paris show. It qualities a turbocharged adaptation of the 2.3 L MZR I4 that produces 272 PS; the North American variation, at 274 hp, revised with 270 hp for 2007). All models have 280 lbÂ·ft of torque. This 2.3 L DISI turbocharged engine attributes direct gas injection plus conforms with the hot Euro 5 emissions practices. It has a revised front fascia with a raised bonnet, a 6-speed guide transmission, plus all-wheel drive. The all-wheel-drive program utilizes Mazda's Active Torque Split computer-based control, that routes about 50% of the force with the back wheels depending about driving conditions.

Originally scheduled with be introduced inside June 2005, the Mazdaspeed Atenza was delayed till November. In North America, the Mazdaspeed6 comes inside 2 trim levels; the "Sport" trim with fabric interior plus standard key entry plus ignition; as well as the "Grand Touring" trim with leather interior, keyless entry/ignition, plus an optional DVD navigation. Automatic climate control is standard, because is a 220 W Bose stereo program featuring 7 speakers along with a 6-inch subwoofer inside addition with an in-dash six-disc CD changer. A sunroof with moonroof feature is optional found on the Grand Touring trim.

Car plus Driver magazine has attained a 0-60 mph time of 5.4 seconds for this car.
The Mazda6 was 2nd region inside the 2003 European Car of the Year awards plus prepared Car plus Driver magazine's Ten Best list for 2003. The Sport Wagon earned the Canadian Car of the Year Best New Station Wagon honor, when the Sport sedan claimed the Canadian Car of the Year Best New Family Car honor for 2005. The Atenza Wagon furthermore earned What Car?'s Best Estate honor inside 2004. Additionally the Mazda6 earned the 2003 Semperit Irish Car of the Year.

The Mazda6 earned the 'Best Mid-size Car' title inside Australia's Best Cars inside 2002 plus 2003. It came 2nd inside 2004, behind the Subaru Legacy, plus fifth inside 2005. Wheels magazine moreover granted the Mazda6 winner of its Active Safety System inside July 2005. In December 2007 inside Australia the Mazda6 earned the Carsales Peoples Choice honor for the class. The Mazda6 moreover claimed "Best Family Sedan" inside MotorWeek's 2009 Driver's Choice Awards. The Mazda 6 was praised for the edgy handsome shape, communicative steering plus tight suspension. But, because it was tailored because a planet automobile inside purchase to suit the requires of Europe plus Japan, it was small than its North American contemporaries inside the midsize segment, being criticized for the reduced passenger area. Its acceleration, especially the V6 engine models, lagged behind which of its rivals too.

Spoiler sunroofs combine the highlights of a pop-up with those of the sliding rooftop program. They tilt with vent plus slide open above the rooftop, requiring small headroom or rooftop size. Spoilers usually never offer because big an starting because additional rooftop systems, nevertheless provide the efficiency of the self-storing panel. Most spoiler roofs are electrical, with optional qualities like integrated sunlight shades plus express open/close. Spoilers are best for short-roof cars where different kinds of sliders can't be installed. Examples include Honda CRX, Toyota Celica as well as the Mazda RX-7.

Inbuilt sunroof systems have a panel that slides amongst the metal rooftop plus inside headliner, requiring certain reduction of headroom however, providing a full starting inside the rooftop. All inbuilts slide inside the rooftop, whilst certain moreover include a back venting feature, and/or express open/close functions. Inbuilts don't fit each car, because the panel should slide plus shop completely in the car roof. Historically, inbuilts were a metal sunroof panel painted with match the car rooftop, yet today many are glass-panel systems with sliding sunshades.

Folding sunroofs are a European custom. They provide the ease of the sunroof, with an starting more like a convertible. The panel is made from fabric, that folds back because it slides open. After a lengthy absence inside European plus North American Markets, folding sunroofs have experienced a resurgence with many brand-new factory-installed choices. Aftermarket versions were when just manual, however, today are moreover obtainable in driven versions. Examples include the authentic VW Beetle, Renault Twingo plus Jeep Liberty.

Top-mount sliding sunroofs have been a prevalent factory way inside Europe for years. A big glass panel slides open inside tracks over the rooftop, without reduction of headroom. Most feature an key wind deflector with eliminate wind sound. Examples include Donmar's authentic Skyroof topslider, the London Taxi plus Renault 5 vehicles.

Panoramic rooftop systems are a fresh kind of big or multi-panel moonroof that provide openings above both the front plus back seats plus can be operable or fixed glass panels. Large operable openings are usually accomplished with top-slider or spoiler sort mechanisms. Examples include the Acura ZDX, Lexus ES, BMW Mini, Scion tC, Pontiac G6, Mercedes C Class, Volkswagen Eos, Porsche Cayenne, as well as the Tesla Model S.

The Mazda6 next generation produced its premiere at the 2007 Frankfurt Car Show inside September.

The hot Mazda6 is based found on the Mazda GH chassis platform, a revised adaptation of the GG chassis that Ford additionally nevertheless utilizes because their CD3 platform. Mazda continues with offer 3 body designs, including 4-door saloon, 5-door hatchback plus wagon. A quantity of journalists have absolutely praised its electrically assisted steering to be considerably improved compared with the last generation, providing more suggestions with the driver. The hatchback model even has a torso room that beats the heavier rival Ford Mondeo plus Opel/Vauxhall Insignia by 210 liters with back seats folded down.

This model of the Mazda6 was granted 2010 Family Car of the Year by What Car? magazine.

At the 2010 Geneva Motor Show, Mazda announced their new 2011 Mazda6.
The North American adaptation was redesigned for the 2009 model year. The Wagon is not a longer being available with North American Customers, probably due with the CAFE Regulations, that favour the SUV platform. It is a widened plus lengthened adaptation of the model available elsewhere, with greater machines. Reviewers have noted its coupe-like roofline plus sportier fashion. North American engine options include a brand-new 2.5-liter 4-cylinder plus North American versions receive the 3.7-liter V6 that is moreover obtainable in the Mazda CX-9. Motor Trend recorded a 0-60 mph acceleration time of 6.1 seconds for the Mazda 6 V6.

In America, just a sedan model was accessible. A Mazdaspeed 6 variant wasn't available. Despite the North American version's heighten inside dimensions, Mazda maintains which the 6 retains the total driving experience continues to be sportier than rivaling Honda Accords, Toyota Camrys, or Chevrolet Malibus. Early critiques have been positive.

On March 3, 2011, about 50,000 Mazda6 cars within the 2009â10 model years were recalled inside the United States, with another 15,000 inside Canada, Mexico plus Puerto Rico following it was found which Yellow Sac Spiders were building nests inside the gas line of the cars. The Mazda6 has 2 pipes from its fuel tank, a very uncommon configuration. The amount of gasoline vapor inside the gas line is really sturdy enough with draw the spider inside nevertheless not sturdy enough with kill it. On April 5, 2014, Mazda reissued the same remember for spiders against all 2010-2012 Mazda6 cars with 2.4 liter machines.
SKYACTIV is a brand name for a series of technologies developed by Mazda that heighten gas efficiency plus engine output. The initial announcement of the SKYACTIV technologies include brand-new motors, transmissions, body, plus chassis, that appeared inside Mazda goods from 2011.The SKYACTIV-G is a family of direct injection gasoline motors. The engine compression ratio is improved with 14:1. To decrease the danger of engine knock at excellent compression, residual fuel is reduced by utilizing a 4-2-1 exhaust program, implementing a piston cavity, plus optimizing gas injection. Additionally, combustion length is shortened by intensifying air flow, improving injection stress, plus utilizing multi-hole injectors.