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4 jjiAGsECM THE OGDEN STANDARD 1 magazine section If IOGDEN-CITY" UT AH SATURDAY OCTOBER 18, 1913. 1I C";English Labor LeaderWho Advocates Vio-lence in Formation ofGigantic Union toEmbrace Wo r 1 dutf Workers DefendsViews andSaysWorkingmen Eventually"Z Will Embrace Syndicalism. BY WILLIAM BUTLER FLYNN.SA strongo story Is that of TomMann, the English labor leader, syndicalist, agitator and bitter enemyj of what ho calls the governing classjy of the present day.His rise to be virtually the headof the greatest labor union known,t i the International Transport Workers' Federation, la the result of afire In a mine, which drove him to- the factories.Had It not been for this fire, fromwhich he barely escaped with hislife, Tom Mann. In all probability,now would be digging coal hundredsH of feet below the surface of theearth, with no thoughts except ofjii his work. Instead of being the Btur-P dy. fighting man that he Is. he probably would be stoop shouldered and... worn with years of Incessant toilwith the pick, his spirit broken and', his health ruined by the closo con-flnement under ground.5 It happened when he was but 14years old, this fire, and already hohnd been In the mine four years,working as a breaker boy. In twoyears more he would have graduated?f to the rank of helper, and then hep would have become a full-fledgedminer.00 Tom Mann was born in Coventry,Warwickshire, England, to years" ago, tho son of a colliery clerk. Following the custom In thoso days forthe children of the lower classesff he was allowed to run loose until bigenough to work. Then he wasL caught and turned over to a farmer.He was 8 years old then. Heworked on the farm two vears, doing all the usual chores of a farmer's boy. and he believes It was thehardest period of his life Cut hofinally got relief, for when horeached the ago of 10 his father dcglf elded that he was too strong to. waste on Idle farming and brought! him to the mine.' Bronzed and strong, for n boy,after the farm work, ho went downIthe shaft for the first time, and then,for four years, every day ho did thosame thing, working ten hoursday, sometimes more, except whenthe mine was closed for repairs. ItWasn't very pleasant, and he used tosl.i-grr home Ht night with hishands cut and torn from the roughshale, and his body black and bluwwith the blows dealt hlin !y some oftho miners who were not catlsflcdith hla work But It was all h"he knew, and he was as well sntlsfieed as tho son of a millionaire Iswith his own golden spoon.Came tho fire. Younc Mann wasin the workings when tho first explosions came. Before he realizedwhat was thn trouble he found himself In the center of a screaming,flying pack of frenzied men, all mak-Ing for the shaft, where the cage,holding nine men. was being workedas fast as the engineer above couldmanage.In 1SS9 tho London dock workers struck, in one of the worst riotsknown up to that time. JohnBurns, a famous labor leader, andyoung Mann, were Inevitably drawninto the trouble, and when tnestrike was settled, Mann foundhimself committed lnovltaMy totho cause of tho workers. Immediately he set about organizing theInternational Transport Workers'Federation.Since that time he has traveledIn every European countsy exceptItaly. Portugal. Russia. Greece, andthe Balkans, and has organized thetrnnsport worker-. Ho has beenarrested and expelled from Qer-man) and France, and served limeIn an English Jail.Is SentimentalUthough :i Fighter.In spite of his lighting natureMann has a sentimental side. Freiiuontly ho visits the mine where howorked when a little boy and standsthere for hours at a time thinkingof "my men," as he calls tho workers. Mann is determined in his ideasand dogged In his advocation ofthem. Ho never will yield a point,and has the courage of his convictions as in lj years he has steadily advocated the same course ofaction, the eventual control of thoentire world by the working class,everything being made subservienti their wishes.He is an avowed enemy of thepresent system of government, ovenHie democracy of England, Canadaand the United States being ununited to a proper government of.by and for the people, to his mind.He. however, has fallen into thecommon mistake nf the Socialistsand Syndicalists, for while ho advocates a change along certain lines,and would overturn tho existinggovernments In a radical manner,lie cannot say where his principleswill lead the world, and cannot offer a substitute for the governments. He believes that all that Is necessary Is the change, and that afterthat comes all things automaticallywill readjust themselves.To gain his point he says he wouldresort to anything. "Tho end Justllles the means," sums up his syndicalist philosophy.Where peaceful measures canobtain what the workers want." declares Mann to tho unions he addresses, "then by all means letpeaceful measures prevail. But-F1VK R08ES OF TOM MAW.where peace falls and there must bewar, let it come, and In whateverform is most likely to defeat thocapitalist class."Mann points to Ireland as an example of direct notion. He says thatthe countless concessions which theIrish Pave regained for their nationfrom England in the last centuryhave been the result of direct actiononly, and that If the Irish had nottaken up arms, had not openly rebelled through the entire countryand fought against the slavery towhich they were subjected thatEngland never would have grantedthem anythingHis cream Is of one vast, unitedlabor federation, which shall ownand control the entire world. Tlu-reshall be no governments, and theunions shall settle their disputesamong themselves, man to man.union to union. If fights, een battles, be necessary, he says. ;et themcome, but by all means let the workers do Just as they please.Slann believes the establishmentof any centralized form of government tends to form a governingclass, and fears that If such a government were given worker In hJsUtopia, tho unions eventually wouldlse their power and be.'omc as bud1 off as they now are.lie Intense' J admires the militantsuffragettes, and declares that theyare giving the English GovernmentJust what the government needs. Heis an intimate friend of Emmelineand Ohrislobal Pankhurst. andwhen Dr. Pankhurst was alive oftenvisited at their house. He tells aston of ChristobaJ's actions whenshe was a Utile girl which sheds alittle lieht on that young woman'swM career of today.Miss l'ank hurst PropsSnake Down His Back."When 1 was playing with ""hrlstobal one day." he said, "she slippedaround behind me and 1 felt something cold and clammy wrigglingIIdown my back. I was frightened jflnearly to death, and I made one LHwild dash for my room. H" n disrobing I discovered a gar- M6en snake, whJ h that young lady Hhad dropped down between my neckand collar. I don't remember If she Hwaj spanked- but I believe that was iflher punishment. She was 14 years HMann Is a typical Englishman. jMHe is stubborn :in'' determined'. Heniakes his hearer remember the old LHEnglishmen who left the Warwickshire marshes to follow K J:.-hardi 'ieur de Ixon to the Holy Land, orthe archers-who made up the army jHof the Black Prime in France, or , IHthe stern Roundheads who fought I Hbehind Cromwell. They may not al- Iways have been right, but they be-lleved they Wer and wen! ahead Ifirm in the conviction that with that f -fci"'-belief they would never fall. Time Jaaaaaialone will tell If Mann will succeed Jbbbbbb!His reception in the United States. vfliaaaalTvhile enthusiastic, has been marked iWaaaaalby a decided aversion to his Ideas ,LHabout lob-nv. ind In St. Louis the Saaaaaalabor union lenders harshly de-nuunccd his utterances.''vmm?'M'LtT ' -aaaaaaaaS. J