One of the most successful international treaties, the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), is under pressure. Tensions between groups of member states led to the failure of its Review Conference in 2015. Without efforts to ease these tensions, there is a serious risk that the next Review Conference in 2020 will be faced with a similar failure which could eventually lead to an erosion of the support for the treaty. This Policy Brief emphasizes the urgency of action to prevent a slow collapse of what is often called ‘the cornerstone of multilateral arms control’ and offers some options for the NPT member states. Its aim is not to give a complete menu of choice, but to enhance the ongoing discussion with some possible venues for action.