Caring for muscle spasticity or spasms

Alternative names

Definition

Muscle spasticity, or spasms, causes your muscles to become stiff or rigid. It can also cause exaggerated, deep tendon reflexes, like a knee-jerk reaction when your reflexes are checked.

Self-care

These things may make your spasticity worse:

Being too hot or too cold

The time of day

Stress

Tight clothing

Bladder infections and spasms

Your menstrual cycle (for women)

Certain body positions

New skin wounds or ulcers

Hemorrhoids

Being very tired or not getting enough sleep

Your physical therapist can teach you and your caregiver stretching exercises you can do. These stretches will help keep your muscles from getting shorter or tighter.

Being active will also help keep your muscles loose. Aerobic exercise, especially swimming, and strength-building exercises are both helpful. Playing games and sports and doing daily tasks may also help. Talk with your doctor or physical therapist first before starting any exercise program.

Your doctor or nurse may place splints or casts on some of your joints to keep them from becoming so tight that you cannot move them easily. Make sure to wear these as your doctor or nurse tells you to.

Be careful about getting pressure sores from exercise or being in the same position in a bed or wheelchair for too long.

Muscle spasticity can increase your chances of falling and hurting yourself. Be sure to take precautions so you do not fall.

Medicines that help with spasticity

Your doctor may prescribe drugs for you to take to help with muscle spasticity. Some common ones are:

Baclofen (Lioresal)

Dantrolene (Dantrium)

Diazepam (Valium)

Tizanidine (Zanaflex)

These medicines have side effects. Call your doctor if you have any of the following side effects:

Being tired during the day

Confusion

Feeling "hung over" in the morning

Nausea

Problems passing urine

Do not just stop taking these medicines, especially Zanaflex. It can be dangerous if you stop abruptly.

When to call the doctor

Pay attention to changes in your muscle spasticity. Changes may mean that your other medical problems are getting worse.

Always call your doctor or nurse if you:

Have problems with the drugs you are taking for muscle spasms

Cannot move your joints as much (joint contracture)

Have a harder time moving around or transferring out of your bed or chair