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Pages: 57. Chapters: Compass, Amateur radio direction finding,
Adventure racing, List of orienteers, Orienteering map, Fell
running, Salients, re-entrants and pockets, Control point,
International Orienteering Federation, Silva compass, Waypoint,
Course, Hand compass, History of orienteering, Rogaining, Mounted
orienteering, Ski-orienteering, Foot orienteering, Resection,
Mountain bike orienteering, Canoe orienteering, Route choice, Trail
orienteering, Headlamp, Fox Oring, List of orienteering events,
Mountain marathon, Radio Orienteering in a Compact Area, Thumb
compass, List of orienteering clubs, Catching Features, Car
orienteering. Excerpt: A compass is a navigational instrument that
shows directions in a frame of reference that is stationary
relative to the surface of the earth. The frame of reference
defines the four cardinal directions (or points), north, south,
east, and west. Intermediate directions are also defined. Usually,
a diagram called a compass rose, which shows the directions (with
their names usually abbreviated to initials), is marked on the
compass. When the compass is in use, the rose is aligned with the
real directions in the frame of reference, so, for example, the "N"
mark on the rose really points to the north. Frequently, in
addition to the rose or sometimes instead of it, angle markings in
degrees are shown on the compass. North corresponds to zero
degrees, and the angles increase clockwise, so east is 90 degrees,
south is 180, and west is 270. These numbers allow the compass to
show azimuths or bearings, which are commonly stated in this
notation. There are two widely used and radically different types
of compass. The magnetic compass contains a magnet that interacts
with the earth's magnetic field and aligns itself to point to the
magnetic poles. The gyro compass (sometimes spelled with a hyphen,
or as one ...