Prior to the film's opening, Warner Bros. released a series of animatedprequels voiced by stars Costner, Slater, Long, and Woodbine. "The Road to Graceland" prequels marked the first time a major film's cast members contributed their talents to the creation of original Internet content for a film website.

Contents

Outside of Las Vegas, Michael Zane, a recent parolee, stops at a run-down desert motel. There, he catches a boy, Jesse, stealing the death's head wheel nuts off his car's wheels and chases him, meeting his mother, Cybil Waingrow, whom he later beds. The following morning four men dressed in Elvis costumes arrive to pick him up: Murphy, Hanson, Gus, and Franklin. Together they set off into Vegas to a casino holding an Elvis convention intent on robbing it — dressed as Elvis impersonators. Michael rigs the elevator while the others rob the cages and counting room, and after a grotesquely violent firefight, Franklin is killed during their escape.

Back at the motel, Hanson starts an argument about who gets Franklin's share and Murphy shoots and kills Hanson. Michael hides the money in the crawl space, unaware that Jesse is observing him from the next room. The three thieves drive out to the middle of the desert to bury Hanson. Offscreen, Murphy shoots Gus and Michael as well. It is later revealed that Michael was wearing a bulletproof vest and played dead. He starts running back to the motel hoping to get there before Murphy does. Driving from the scene, Murphy hits a coyote, skids off the road, and is knocked unconscious after crashing his car.

Michael gets back to the motel. Discovering the money is missing, he storms into Cybil's place and finds the money where Jesse has hidden it. Michael gives Cybil $100,000 in exchange for her silence, but is eventually manipulated into taking Cybil and Jesse along with him.

Michael explains to Cybil that the money is marked, but that Murphy has found a money launderer in Idaho to help them. Murphy, who has since returned to the motel and discovered that the money is missing, has decided to go to Idaho to wait for them. Cybil sneaks away from Michael and her son at a restaurant, stealing Michael's wallet and car. Cybil calls the money launderer, using the password that she has extracted from Michael's wallet. Murphy suddenly appears at the money launderer, Peterson, (Jon Lovitz), using the same password. Peterson explains that Cybil called first, so they wait for her.

Finally, Cybil arrives, and finds only Murphy, whom she assumes is Peterson. Soon afterwards, Michael and Jesse, who have been stealing money and cars to survive, arrive and find Peterson and his secretary dead in the bathroom. Realizing that Murphy killed the two and remembering that Murphy is driving Michael's car, Michael reports his car stolen. Murphy is then arrested. However, Michael is arrested as well when police discover that Michael is also driving a stolen car. The men are then put in adjoining cells and the two have a confrontation.

Michael makes bail, thanks to Jesse, who hired a lawyer, under the agreement that Michael make him his partner. Murphy calls a man named Jack (Howie Long) and arranges to get out as well. Michael, who has been allowed to retrieve his car, finds Cybil tied up and gagged in the trunk. Murphy makes bail and is picked up by a passerby while hitchhiking, he then kills the man and takes his clothes and vehicle. Murphy sees Cybil and Jesse pass by in a car. He runs them off the road, and grabs Jesse, to hold as collateral, telling Cybil to find Michael and the money. Cybil finds Michael and begs him to help her. After initially disbelieving her, Michael decides to help her, reporting Murphy to the authorities.

Murphy has met up with Jack, who has enlisted the help of a shadowy figure named Hamilton (Ice-T). Michael appears with the money and convinces Murphy to hand Jesse over. Just as Murphy realizes that Michael tricked him by replacing the money with cut up newspaper, he is stung by a scorpion that Michael hid in the bag. Suddenly, a SWAT team surround the warehouse. Murphy puts his hands up, but quickly grabs a nearby shotgun and shoots Michael. A gunfight ensues; Jack and Hamilton are killed. Murphy, getting weaker from the scorpion sting, refuses to lose, and he is shot and killed by the police. Michael is rushed by ambulance to the nearest hospital. However, the ambulance is stolen by Cybil and Jesse. It's then revealed that Michael, once again, wore a bulletproof vest, and is only slightly injured.

The film's title is a reference to Elvis Presley's residence, Graceland, in Memphis, Tennessee. While attempting to capture Thomas J. Murphy, the U.S. Marshals (correctly) believe he is attempting to cross the border into Canada somewhere through Washington/Idaho/Montana, a distance which (as stated by U.S. Marshal Quigley) is "3000 miles to Graceland." Michael also seeks to escape by crossing the border into Canada through Washington.

3000 Miles to Graceland received mostly negative reviews by critics. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 14% of critics gave the film a positive review based on a sample of 96 reviews, with an average score of 3.5/10.[2]Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 100 from reviews by mainstream critics, gave a film rating of 21/100 based on 30 reviews.[3]

The film was a box office bomb. It opened at #3 at the North American box office, earning USD$7,160,521 in its opening weekend behind Down to Earth and Hannibal. It later ultimately grossed just over $15 million domestically,[citation needed] well below its $62 million budget. The film eventually became profitable because of its strong international numbers and DVD sales.[citation needed]

1.
Bart Dorsa
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Bart Dorsa is an American artist, photographer, film-maker. Dorsa works in an old photographic technique, dorsas notable exhibitions have been at the Venice Biennale and Moscow Museum of Modern Art. In 2011 Dorsa pedaled his Flaming Duck kinetic sculpture around the city of Moscow, Dorsa was born in California to Frank and Marilyn Dorsa, and is the grandson of Frank Dorsa Sr the inventor of the Eggo waffle. Dorsa began his career in arts as an independent filmmaker. In May and June 2011 Dorsa pedaled his Flaming Duck kinetic sculpture for 6 weeks around the city of Moscow at times shooting fire as high as 50 feet into the air, Dorsa conceived the Duck as a present for his fathers 69th birthday. Dorsa studies wet plate technique in Europe and later experimented a lot with different cameras, lenses, to achieve the desired effect, Dorsa gradually removed all excess elements, until at some point he destroyed the camera and began shooting with only a lens and a camera obscura

2.
Eric Manes
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Eric Manes is a feature film and television writer and producer, owner of Swiss chocolate company Coco Suisse with his wife Marianne Manes, and a State of California Registered Investment Advisor. Manes produced the documentary Voices of Iraq, for which he funneled digital video cameras to hundreds of Iraqis in the midst of war, the Iraqis interviewed thousands of their compatriots. Within six months, the film was finished, marketed, because of its unparalleled intimacy and access to Iraqis, the footage was featured on This Week with George Stephanopoulos. Manes guided Voices of Iraq through its release and festival circuit, bringing it to Edinburgh, Melbourne, Locarno. Manes produced the $40 million budgeted 3000 Miles to Graceland for Warner Bros, Manes also wrote and produced the feature film Campfire Tales for New Line Cinema and the indie comedy Phat Beach. His film and television screenplays include Warner Bros. ’ Dodging Bullets for Will Smith and Halle Berry, Paramount’s The Brazilian and he created and executive produced “HRT” for CBS and Columbia TriStar and “Catch” for CBS. With Doug Liman, Manes reinvented “CHiPs” for NBC and Warner Bros and he also created the reality show “Mayor” for Columbia TriStar. In 2002, NBC/Studios USA signed Manes to an exclusive writing/producing contract and he wrote and executive produced Witch Doctor, a TV pilot for Beacon TV and ABC television studios in 2008. For CBS, he created and executive produced television pilots with Academy Award winning producer Mark Johnson, in 2000, Manes convinced MTV to gamble on a reality show where contestants film themselves while completing challenges in the worlds most haunted locations. The result was MTVs Fear, MTVs second highest rated show in 2000 and 2001, in 2011, DirecTV, Technicolor, and Panasonic got together to finance an experimental 3D film for Manes to produce and shoot on Panasonics new 3D camera systems. DirecTV will distribute the 3D film internationally, born in New York City, Manes is co-CEO of Booya Studios with Martin Kunert. He studied business and philosophy at New York University and is a member of the Writers Guild of America, history of Film Documentary Film Reality Television Voices of Iraq MTVs Fear Campfire Tales 3000 Miles to Graceland Eric Manes at the Internet Movie Database

3.
Kurt Russell
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Kurt Vogel Russell is an American actor. He began acting on television in the western series The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters, in the late 1960s, he signed a ten-year contract with The Walt Disney Company where, according to Robert Osborne, he became the studios top star of the 1970s. Russell was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture for his performance in Silkwood. A and he was nominated for an Emmy Award for the television film Elvis, also directed by Carpenter. Russell starred in films, including Overboard, Tombstone, Stargate, Death Proof. Born in Springfield, Massachusetts, Russell is the son of actor Bing Russell and he has three sisters, Jill, Jamie and Jody. In 1969, he graduated from Thousand Oaks High School in southern California and his sister Jill is the mother of baseball player Matt Franco. On April 24,1963, Russell guest starred in the ABC series Our Man Higgins and he played Peter Hall in the 1963 episode Everybody Knows You Left Me on the NBC medical drama about psychiatry The Eleventh Hour. Later, he played the character in the ABC western series The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters. In NBCs The Virginian, he played the mistaken orphan whose father was an outlaw played by Rory Calhoun who was still alive, Russell played a similar role as a kid named Packy Kerlin in the 1964 episode Blue Heaven for the western series Gunsmoke. He appeared in five episodes of Daniel Boone in various roles, at age 13, Russell played the role of Jungle Boy on an episode of CBSs Gilligans Island, which aired on February 6,1965. He guest-starred on ABCs western The Legend of Jesse James, in 1966, Russell played a 14-year-old Indian boy, Grey Smoke, adopted by the Texas Rangers in the episode Meanwhile, Back at the Reservation of the NBC western series Laredo. In the story line, he works for a gang, but the Rangers take him under their wing. In 1966, Walt Disney wrote Kurt Russell on a piece of paper as his final words, in January 1967, Russell played Private Willie Prentiss in the episode Willie and the Yank, The Mosby Raiders in Walt Disneys Wonderful World of Color. While filming the Sherman Brothers theatrical film musical The One and Only, Genuine, Original Family Band, flippen and Tom Tryon appeared in the episode Charade of Justice of the NBC western series The Road West starring Barry Sullivan. In a March 1966 episode of CBSs Lost in Space entitled The Challenge, he played Quano, in 1971, he co-starred as a young robber released from jail, alongside James Stewart in Fools Parade. Later, he guest-starred in an episode of Room 222 as an high school student who assumed the costumed identity of Paul Revere to warn of the dangers of pollution. In 1966, Russell was signed to a contract with The Walt Disney Company, where he became, according to Robert Osborne. Russell, like his father, had a baseball career, while in the field turning the pivot of a double play early in the season, the incoming runner at second base collided with him and tore the rotator cuff in Russells right shoulder

4.
Kevin Costner
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Kevin Michael Costner is an American actor, director, producer, and musician. His accolades include two Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and one Emmy Award, Costner has played Eliot Ness in The Untouchables, Crash Davis in Bull Durham, Ray Kinsella in Field of Dreams, Lt. John J. He directed, produced, and starred in The Postman, Costner was born January 18,1955 in Lynwood, California. He grew up in Compton, California and he is the youngest of three boys, the middle of whom died at birth. His mother, Sharon Rae, was a worker, and his father, William Costner, was an electrician. His fathers heritage originates with German immigrants to North Carolina in the 1700s and Costner also has English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh and he instead enjoyed sports, took piano lessons, wrote poetry, and sang in the First Baptist Choir. He has stated that a viewing of the 1962 film How the West Was Won at the age of seven had formed his childhood. Spending his teenage years in parts of California as his fathers career progressed, Costner has described this as a period when he lost a lot of confidence. Costner lived in Ventura, then in Visalia, he attended Mt. Whitney High School and then moved to Orange County and he went on to earn a BA in marketing and finance from California State University, Fullerton in 1978. While at CSUF, he was a fraternity brother in Delta Chi. Costner became interested in acting while in his last year of college, Burton agreed to speak to Costner after he finished reading his book. Costner, who had been taking acting classes but had not told his wife about his desire to be an actor, watched Burton closely and approached when Burton gestured. Costner told Burton that he would prefer to avoid the drama that followed Burton, Burton replied, You have green eyes. After landing, Burtons limousine pulled up to the curb where Costner, Burton wished Costner luck, and the two would never meet again. Still, Costner credits Burton with partially contributing to his career, having agreed to undertake a job as a marketing executive, Costner began taking acting lessons five nights a week, with the support of his wife. His marketing job lasted 30 days, Costner allegedly made his film debut in the film Sizzle Beach, U. S. A. Although a biography claims it was filmed in the winter of 1978–79. Costner made a brief appearance in the Ron Howard film Night Shift. He is listed in the credits as Frat Boy No.1 and appears at the climax of a frat-style, blow-out party in the New York City morgue, Costner can be seen holding a beer and looking surprised at the sudden halt of celebration

5.
Courteney Cox
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Courteney Bass Cox is an American actress, producer, and director. Cox also starred in the FX series Dirt and she owns a production company, called Coquette Productions, which was created by Cox and her then-husband David Arquette. Cox also worked as a director on her sitcom Cougar Town, Cox was born and raised in Birmingham, Alabama, the daughter of businessman Richard Lewis Cox and his wife Courteney. She has two sisters, Virginia and Dottie, and an older brother, Richard, Jr. Her parents divorced in 1974 and her then married businessman Hunter Copeland. Cox appeared in the 1984 music video for Bruce Springsteens Dancing in the Dark as the woman pulled onstage at the St. Paul Civic Center to dance with Springsteen. Her early film roles include Masters of the Universe, Cocoon, The Return and she played Jewel Jagger, the hard-as-nails assistant of Larry Burrows, in Mr. Destiny. In 1994, shortly before the debut of the sitcom, Friends, Cox appeared with Jim Carrey in Ace Ventura, Pet Detective and as Jerry Seinfelds girlfriend, Meryl, in the Seinfeld episode, The Wife. In 1995, she was cast in Toad the Wet Sprockets music video, the song is also on the Friends soundtrack. Later in 1994, Cox was asked to audition for the part of Rachel Green on a new sitcom, Friends, she was cast as Monica Geller, instead. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, Cox became the highest-paid TV actress of all time, between seasons five and six, Cox married David Arquette, and changed her name to Courteney Cox Arquette. An in-joke reference to this is made in the credits of the episode The One After Vegas. The dedication For Courteney and David, who did get married – a reference to Monica, Cox also appeared in the high-profile Hollywood films, Scream, Scream 2, and Scream 3, as reporter Gale Weathers. She met her husband, David Arquette, who played her love interest Dwight Dewey Riley. Both Cox and Arquette reprised their roles from the Scream trilogy in 2011s Scream 4. The film was released in theaters April 15,2011 and her other films include Ace Ventura, Pet Detective with Jim Carrey, The Runner,3000 Miles to Graceland, and The Shrink Is In. In late 2003, Cox and Arquette produced one season of the reality television series Mix It Up, the lifestyle show, which aired on the We cable channel, struggled with low ratings and was not renewed for a second season. A few years later, Cox signed a deal with ABC Studios to star in her own series and she voiced Daisy in the animated film Barnyard

6.
Christian Slater
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Christian Michael Leonard Slater is an American actor and producer. He made his debut with a leading role in the 1985 film The Legend of Billie Jean. He played an apprentice alongside Sean Connery in The Name of the Rose. In the 1990s, Slater starred in big budget films, including Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves, Interview with the Vampire, FernGully, The Last Rainforest, Broken Arrow. He was also featured in the cult film True Romance, since 2000, Slater has combined work in the film business with television, including appearances in The West Wing and Alias and starring in Breaking In and Mind Games. Slater was born in New York City, the son of Michael Hawkins, an actor known as Michael Gainsborough, and Mary Jo Slater. Slater has a maternal half-brother, Ryan Slater, who is also an actor and his great-uncle was radio personality Bill Slater. Although he played her characters brother in the movie The Legend of Billie Jean. He attended the Dalton School, the Professional Childrens School and the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art, Slaters first television role was on the ABC soap opera One Life to Live when he was 8 years old. Following a run on Ryans Hope, he made his Broadway debut as the lisping Winthrop Paroo opposite Dick Van Dyke in the 1980 revival of The Music Man, additional Broadway credits include Copperfield, Merlin, Macbeth, Side Man, and The Glass Menagerie. In addition he has performed in Londons West End in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, Slater made his big screen debut in 1985s The Legend of Billie Jean playing Billie Jean’s brother Binx. Though expected to be a big hit, the film fell short at the box office and his career improved with his role in The Name of the Rose alongside Sean Connery. Slater played Connerys apprentice monk while they investigated a series of murders at a Benedictine abbey, Slater followed this by playing Junior Tucker in Francis Ford Coppolas Tucker, The Man and His Dream, Gleaming the Cube and Beyond the Stars. Slaters career rose to new heights when he played the dark character J. D. in the 1989 film Heathers alongside Winona Ryder, Heathers was billed as the teen film of the late 1980s. Slater beat out other actors such as Brad Pitt for the part. In 1991, Slater was cast as Will Scarlett in the Hollywood big budget production of Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves alongside Kevin Costner, the film was a commercial success, taking US$390 million worldwide, and Slater became one of the major A-list stars of the 1990s. With Slater being a big Star Trek fan, he accepted a role in Star Trek VI, The Undiscovered Country. The following year he starred in Kuffs, in his review of True Romance Roger Ebert awarded the movie 3 stars out of 4 and commented, the energy and style of the movie are exhilarating

7.
Kevin Pollak
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Kevin Elliot Pollak is an American actor, impressionist, and comedian. He started performing comedy at the age of 10 and touring professionally at the age of 20. In 1988, he landed a role in Willow, his first major role in a film, Pollak is an avid poker player, hosting weekly home games with some of Hollywoods A-list celebrities. He finished 134th out of 6,598 entrants in the 2012 World Series of Poker, Pollak was born in San Francisco, California, the youngest son of Elaine Harlow and Robert Bobby Pollak. He has one brother, who lives with his family in Boston. He attended high school at Pioneer High School in San Jose, California. As an actor, Pollaks most notable roles are usually playing the best friend or confidant characters to the men, as he did in Ricochet, A Few Good Men, End of Days. However, he has played a wide variety of parts, such as a criminal in The Usual Suspects. He also briefly hosted Celebrity Poker Showdown in its first season and his most substantial role to date was in Deterrence, in which he played the main character, a Vice President who must take over for a deceased President and deal with a nuclear crisis. In December 2006, he played Karl Kreutzfeld in the Sci Fi Channel miniseries The Lost Room, through 2008, he had a recurring role as a District Attorney on the television series Shark. In March 2008, Pollak played himself in the web series The Writers Room on Crackle, in 2010, he portrayed Sheriff Tom Wagner in Choose. In January 2010, Pollak was scheduled to host Our Little Genius on FOX, Pollak was then seen hosting Million Dollar Money Drop, again on the FOX network at the end of 2010. In 2014, Pollak began a role as Alvin Biletnikoff on the CBS sitcom Mom. However, his time on the show was cut short by the death of his character, Pollaks directorial debut was on the horror web series Vamped Out, featured on the internet television platform Babelgum. Jason Antoon, Seana Kofoed, Samm Levine and Pollak all acted in the ensemble cast, the screenbook was based on a simple joke that Antoon and Pollak had between them. Most recently, Pollaks feature film debut, the comedy documentary Misery Loves Comedy. The film sold North American rights to Tribeca Film, a US distribution company, Pollak directed the comedy film The Late Bloomer, which was released in 2016. As a comedian, Pollaks most famous work was his 1992 HBO special Stop With the Kicking, directed by fellow comedian David Steinberg, in July 2009, The Littlest Suspect, his most recent comedy special, was aired on Showtime

8.
David Arquette
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David Arquette is an American actor, film director, producer, screenwriter, fashion designer and former professional wrestler. A member of the Arquette acting family, he first became known during the mid-1990s after starring in several Hollywood films, such as the Scream series, Wild Bill and he has since had several television roles, such as Jason Ventress on ABCs In Case of Emergency. In addition to his career, Arquette took a brief foray into professional wrestling in early 2000. During his tenure, Arquette became a one-time WCW World Heavyweight Champion, Arquette was born in a Subud commune in Bentonville, Virginia. He is the youngest child of Brenda Olivia Mardi, an actress, poet, theater operator, activist, acting teacher, and therapist, and Lewis Arquette, Arquettes paternal grandfather was comedian Cliff Arquette. Arquettes mother was Jewish, while his father was a convert from Catholicism to Islam, through him and his father, whose familys surname was originally Arcouet, was of part French-Canadian descent. Arquettes four siblings, Rosanna, Alexis, Richmond, and Patricia are all actors, the Arquettes had an unusual upbringing, with a father who occasionally had substance abuse issues. Their mother died of breast cancer, Arquette appeared in a number of movies in the 1990s, including Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Airheads, and Never Been Kissed. He had guest spots on television shows like Blossom, Beverly Hills,90210, Arquette achieved his biggest success in the horror/slasher film franchise Scream. It was during the filming of the first film in 1996 that he first met his future wife, Arquette guest starred alongside Cox on Cougar Town in 2012. He also appeared in the 2001 EA video game SSX Tricky and he also starred in See Spot Run in 2001. Arquette starred in the 2007 ABC comedy series In Case of Emergency, since then, he has appeared in the 2008 film Hamlet 2, and reprised his role in Scream 4, again acting alongside Cox. He appeared alongside his sister in the TV show Medium in January 2011 and he appeared in Rascal Flatts music video for their song Why Wait in 2010. Arquette, a horror fan, made his directorial debut with 2007s The Tripper, and has signed on to direct Glutton. The film began shooting in July 2011 in Canada, Arquette appeared on the 13th season of Dancing with the Stars, partnered with two-time champion Kym Johnson. He was eliminated on November 1,2011, on October 7,2013, Arquettes new show Dream School in which he plays a mentor to high-risk kids in LA, premiered on the Sundance Channel. In 2000, after filming the World Championship Wrestling movie Ready to Rumble, on the following episode of Thunder, Arquette teamed with Page in a match against Bischoff and Jeff Jarrett, with the stipulation that whichever man got the pin would take the championship. Arquette pinned Bischoff again in the finish, receiving the WCW World Heavyweight Championship in the process

9.
Jon Lovitz
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Jonathan Michael Jon Lovitz is an American comedian, actor and singer, best known as a cast member of Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1990. He starred as Jay Sherman in The Critic and has appeared in other television series. His film credits include roles in The Brave Little Toaster, Big, A League of Their Own, The Wedding Singer, High School High, The Benchwarmers, Lovitz was born Jonathan Michael Lovitz in Tarzana, Los Angeles, California on July 21,1957. Lovitz was a cast member of Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1990 and he later said in an interview for the book Live From New York, An Uncensored History of Saturday Night Live that his time on SNL was the most memorable in his career. He went from having no money to being offered a $500,000 film contract and he was nominated for an Emmy Award his first two years on Saturday Night Live. One of his most notable SNL characters was Tommy Flanagan, The Pathological Liar who used an old Humphrey Bogart line Yeah, as a catchphrase to punctuate painfully elaborated implausible lies. Other recurring characters included Annoying Man, Master Thespian, Tonto, Mephistopheles, Harvey Fierstein, in a 1986 episode of Saturday Night Live, he portrayed a virgin Trekkie, who was scripted to hang his head when asked by William Shatner if he had ever kissed a girl. Harry is asked to fill in when Santa falls ill on Christmas Eve, on February 15,2015, on the Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special, he was seen in the montage of deceased SNL members, with the camera cutting to him to show his reaction. Lovitz was a contestant on The New Celebrity Apprentice, playing for the charity St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital and he was the 6th contestant fired, finishing in 11th place and raising $50,000 for his charity. Lovitz has lent his voice to several cartoons and films, in The Critic, he played the title character of Jay Sherman. He was also the voice of Radio in the Hyperion-produced, Disney-distributed animated movie The Brave Little Toaster, Lovitz performed a duet with Robbie Williams on Williams album Swing When Youre Winning, in the song Well, Did You Evah. He also performed on the hit series Two and a Half Men singing We Are the Orphans and he has appeared on Broadway at the Music Box Theatre in Neil Simons play The Dinner Party, taking over the lead role from Henry Winkler. He sang at Carnegie Hall three times and sang the anthem at Dodger Stadium and the U. S. Open. On October 10,2001, Lovitz sang a duet of the song Well, the recording can be found on the Swing When Youre Winning album. Between 1999 and 2000 Lovitz appeared in a $33 million advertising campaign featured a series of television commercials promoting the Yellow Pages. The comic premise was to present Lovitz as the Yellow Pages author, one of them featured Lovitz saying, The hardest thing to do is to come up with a simple idea that is also great. And I just thought, Oh, the alphabet, in 2006, he became the spokesman in an advertising campaign for the Subway restaurant chain. In 2003, Lovitz began his career at the Laugh Factory in Los Angeles

10.
Howie Long
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Howard Matthew Moses Howie Long is an American former National Football League defensive end, actor and sports analyst. He played in the NFL for 13 seasons and spent the entirety of his career with the Oakland Raiders franchise, during his tenure as a player, Long was named to eight Pro Bowls and helped the Raiders win a Super Bowl title in XVIII. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2000, after retiring, Long pursued a career in acting and broadcasting. He currently serves as a studio analyst for Fox Sports Networks NFL coverage and he attended Milford High School in Milford, Massachusetts, and is a member of the Milford Hall of Fame. Long was an athlete, playing football, basketball. Long also set records in the shot put and discus. Long played college football and earned a degree in communications at Villanova University and he was a four-year letterman at Villanova and was selected to play in the Blue–Gray Football Classic and was named the MVP in 1980. As a freshman, Long started every game and had 99 tackles, as a sophomore, Long led Villanova in sacks with five and recorded 78 tackles. The next season,1979, Long sustained a thigh injury, as a senior, Long again led the Wildcats in sacks with four and had 84 tackles. He began as an end but was moved to the defensive line playing mostly noseguard his first two seasons. After moving to defensive end, he earned All-East honors and honorable mention All-American by his senior year, Long also boxed at Villanova and was the Northern Collegiate Heavyweight Boxing Champion. Drafted in the round of the 1981 NFL Draft by the Oakland Raiders, Long would play 13 seasons for the club. His combination of size, strength, and quickness made him a force on the Raiders defensive line. Long had high aspirations early in his career and he told Football Digest in 1986 that he wanted Financial security, and I want to be in the Hall of Fame. And Id like to win a few more Super Bowls, along the way, he was also named first team All-Pro three times and second team All-Pro twice. He was selected by John Madden to the All-Madden teams in 1984 and 1985 and was named to the 10th Anniversary All-Madden team in 1994, Long was voted the NFL Alumni Defensive Lineman of the Year and the NFLPA AFC Defensive Lineman of the Year in 1985. He capped off a stellar 1985 season earning the George S. Halas Trophy for having voted the NEAs co-NFL Defensive Player of the Year. He was also named the Seagrams Seven Crown NFL Defensive Player of the year, the following year, Long was voted the Miller Lite NFL Defensive Lineman of the Year

11.
Thomas Haden Church
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Thomas Haden Church is an American actor, director, and writer. After co-starring in the 1990s sitcom Wings, Church became known for his roles, including his Academy Award-nominated performance in Sideways. He also made his debut with Rolling Kansas. Churchs parents divorced and his moved to Texas. She remarried in 1969, to widower George A. Quesada, Church took his stepfathers surname for a time. He was raised in Texas, first in Laredo, then in Harlingen. Ironically, in 1973, according to present at the time, he. However, the teacher chose his friend David Newman instead and he left high school in 1977 to work in the oil fields of Louisiana, but he returned to graduate from Harlingen High School in 1979. He attended the University of North Texas while living in Dallas, Church started in the entertainment business as a radio personality and doing voice-over work. He changed his name to Thomas Haden Church, taking Haden, after appearing in an independent film, he moved to California to pursue an acting career. He played the part of slow-witted aircraft mechanic Lowell Mather for six seasons on the NBC sitcom Wings and he worked in television for two more seasons with a lead role on Ned & Stacey opposite Debra Messing. He has had supporting roles in such as Tombstone, George of the Jungle. Church often plays villains or comic relief in films, most evident by turns in Demon Knight, Church bought a ranch in Texas in 1998. In late 2000 he took a break from films, after having small roles in films such as Monkeybone and 3000 Miles to Graceland, he made his directorial debut with Rolling Kansas in 2003. He has voiceover work in commercials, such as for Merrill Lynch, in 2003, director Alexander Payne called him regarding the role of Jack, the selfish best friend to Paul Giamattis character, in Sideways. During the audition, Church stripped naked to read the scene, later saying To me. I was reading the scene where Jack comes in naked and there has to be in-born vulnerability in the scene and he won an IFP Independent Spirit Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor. In 2007, he appeared as the villain Sandman in Sam Raimis Spider-Man 3 starring Tobey Maguire, in 2005, he was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

12.
Bokeem Woodbine
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Bokeem Woodbine is an American actor. He is mostly known for his role as Mike Milligan on the season of Fargo. He will portray Herman Schultz/Shocker in Spider-Man, Homecoming, for his performance in Fargo, he won a Black Reel Award, and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Critics Choice Television Award. Bokeem Woodbine was born in Harlem, New York, on April 13,1973, Woodbine attended the prestigious Dalton School on Manhattans Upper East Side before transferring to the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts in the city. In the following year, he made his TV acting debut in the CBS Schoolbreak Special entitled Love Off Limits and his appearance was noticed by casting director Jaki Brown-Karman who later recommended him to Forest Whitaker for the latters directorial effort, the HBO television movie Strapped. Since then, he has worked with other major African American filmmakers such as Spike Lee, Mario Van Peebles, in 1996 he appeared in Tupacs music video for I Aint Mad at Cha and formed a friendship with the rapper. They subsequently reunited in Vondie Curtis-Halls directorial debut, Gridlockd, which was released four months after Tupacs death, over the next few years, Woodbine made minor appearances in both film and television. He also landed a regular, as Leon Cooley, an inmate on death row, in the TNT crime/drama series Saving Grace. In 2009 onward, Woodbine appeared in the blaxploitation film Black Dynamite and he has also appeared as an officer on the critically acclaimed series Southland. He next appeared in the 2012 remake of Total Recall and then Riddick the next year, in December 2015, he received a Critics Choice Television Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor in a Movie/Miniseries for his role as Mike Milligan in Fargo. Bokeem Woodbine at the Internet Movie Database

13.
Ice-T
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Tracy Lauren Marrow, better known by his stage name Ice-T, is an American rapper, metal vocalist and actor. He began his career as a rapper in the 1980s and was signed to Sire Records in 1987, the next year, he founded the record label Rhyme $yndicate Records and released another album, Power. He co-founded the heavy metal band Body Count, which he introduced in his 1991 album O. G, Body Count released its self-titled debut album in 1992. Ice-T encountered controversy over his track Cop Killer, which was perceived to glamorize killing police officers, Ice-T asked to be released from his contract with Warner Bros. Records, and his solo album, Home Invasion, was released later in February 1993 through Priority Records. Body Counts next album was released in 1994, and Ice-T released two albums in the late 1990s. Since 2000, he has portrayed NYPD Detective Odafin Tutuola on the NBC police drama Law & Order, on August 1,2006 the fourth Body Count album Murder 4 Hire was released, followed by Manslaughter on June 10,2014. Tracy Lauren Marrow, son of Solomon and Alice Marrow, was born in Newark, Solomon was an African American, and Alice was Creole. For decades, Solomon worked as a conveyor belt mechanic at the Rapistan Conveyor Company, when Marrow was a child, his family moved to upscale Summit, New Jersey. Relaying this incident to his mother, she told him, Honey, people are stupid, her advice and his mother died of a heart attack when he was in third grade. Solomon raised Marrow as a father for four years, with help from a housekeeper. Marrows first experience with an illegal activity occurred after a bicycle that Solomon bought him for Christmas was stolen, after Marrow told his father, Solomon shrugged, Well, then, you aint got no bike. Marrow stole parts from bicycles and assembled three or four weird-looking, brightly painted bikes from the parts, his father either did not notice or never acknowledged this, when Marrow was 12 years old, Solomon died of a heart attack. For many years, AllMusic. com has stated that his parents died in an accident, but Ice-T has stated that it was actually he who had been in a brutal auto accident. While his cousin Earl was preparing to leave for college, Marrow shared a room with him, Earl was a fan of rock music and listened to only the local rock stations, sharing a room with him spurred Marrows interest in heavy metal music. Marrow moved to the Crenshaw District of Los Angeles when he was in the 8th grade and he attended Palms Junior High, which was predominantly made up of white students, and included black students bussed in from South Central. He attended Crenshaw High School, which was almost entirely made up of black students, Marrow stood out from most of his friends because he did not drink alcohol, smoke tobacco, or use drugs. During high school, gangs began to intensify in the Los Angeles school system, students who belonged to the Bloods and Crips gangs attended Crenshaw, and fought in the schools halls

14.
Morgan Creek Productions
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The studio was co-founded in 1988 by James Robinson and Joe Roth. Robinson leads the company as chairman and CEO and he has two sons Brian Robinson and David C. Robinson who run the day to day operations. In October 2014, Morgan Creek sold the distribution rights and copyrights to their films to Revolution Studios. Miramax is currently the digital and television distributor for the pre-2012 Morgan Creek library, the domestic rights to the Morgan Creek library, have since been purchased by Westchester Films/Shout. Ace Ventura, Pet Detective The Exorcist Official website Morgan Creek Productions at the Internet Movie Database Company profile on Yahoo Finance

15.
Franchise Pictures
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Franchise Pictures LLC was an independent motion picture production and distribution company with Warner Bros. Entertainment, founded by Elie Samaha and Andrew Stevens and they were known for their production in the action film genre. The company also had a video game arm, Franchise Interactive. As of 2009, the Franchise Pictures library, along with that of ThinkFilm, is now owned by Orange Holdings LLC, the Franchise Library is currently distributed worldwide by Revolution Studios through Park Circus. Franchise Pictures is mostly known for its reputation on several films that received negative reviews. Both Battlefield Earth and Ballistic, Ecks vs. Sever were universally panned and are considered to be two of the worst films of all time, however a few of their films have garnered a strong cult following. Intertainment had agreed to pay 47% of the costs of several films in exchange for European distribution rights. The company alleged that Franchise had defrauded it to the tune of over $75 million by systematically submitting grossly fraudulent, the case was heard before a jury in a Los Angeles federal courtroom in May–June 2004. The court heard testimony from Intertainment that according to Franchises bank records the real cost of Battlefield Earth was only $44 million, the remaining $31 million had been fraudulent padding. Baeres testified that Mr. Samaha said, If you want the two pictures, you have to take Battlefield Earth—its called packaging. Baeres commented, We would have been happy if he had killed Battlefield Earth. Intertainment won the case and was awarded $121.7 million in damages, Samaha vowed to appeal but the fraud judgment destroyed Franchises viability, the company and its subsidiaries all filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy petitions on August 19,2007. Franchise Pictures at the Internet Movie Database

16.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan

17.
Action film
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Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists end up in a series of challenges that typically include violence, extended fighting, physical feats, and frantic chases. Advancements in CGI have made it cheaper and easier to create action sequences, while action has long been a recurring component in films, the action film genre began to develop in the 1970s along with the increase of stunts and special effects. The genre is associated with the thriller and adventure film genres. Some historians consider The Great Train Robbery to be the first action film, during the 1920s and 1930s, action-based films were often swashbuckling adventure films in which actors, such as Douglas Fairbanks, wielded swords in period pieces or Westerns. The 1940s and 1950s saw action in a new form through war, the film, along with a war-adventure called The Guns of Navarone, inspired producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman to invest in their own spy-adventure, based on the novels of Ian Fleming. The long-running success of the James Bond films or series introduced a staple of the action film. Such larger-than-life characters were a veritable “one-man army”, able to dispatch villainous masterminds after cutting through their disposable henchmen in increasingly creative ways, such heroes are ready with one-liners, puns, and dry quips. The Bond films also used fast cutting, car chases, fist fights, a variety of weapons and gadgets, Dirty Harry essentially lifted its star, Clint Eastwood, out of his cowboy typecasting, and framed him as the archetypal hero of the urban action film. In many countries, restrictions on language, adult content, and violence had loosened up, in the 1970s, martial-arts films from Hong Kong became popular with Western audiences and inspired big budget films such as Bruce Lees Enter the Dragon. Chuck Norris blended martial arts with cops and robbers in films such as Good Guys Wear Black, from Japan, Sonny Chiba starred in his first martial arts movie in 1973 called the Karate Kiba. His breakthrough international hit was The Street Fighter series, which established him as the reigning Japanese martial arts actor in international cinema and he also played the role of Mas Oyama in Champion of Death, Karate Bearfighter, and Karate for Life. Chibas action films were not only bounded by martial arts, but also action thriller, jidaigeki, in the 1980s Hollywood produced many big budget action blockbusters with actors such as Sylvester Stallone, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Lorenzo Lamas, Michael Dudikoff, Charles Bronson and Bruce Willis. Steven Spielberg and George Lucas paid their homage to the Bond-inspired style with Raiders of the Lost Ark, in 1982, veteran actor Nick Nolte and rising comedian Eddie Murphy broke box office records with the action-comedy 48 Hrs. credited as the first buddy-cop movie. That same year, Sylvester Stallone starred in First Blood, the first installment in the Rambo film series made the character John Rambo a pop culture icon. 1984 saw the beginning of the Terminator starring Linda Hamilton and Arnold Schwarzenegger and this story provides one of the grittiest roles for a woman in action and Hamilton was required to put in extensive effort to develop a strong physique. The 1988 film, Die Hard, was influential on the development of the action genre. In the film, Bruce Willis plays a New York police detective who becomes embroiled in a terrorist take-over of a Los Angeles office building high-rise. The film set a pattern for a host of imitators, like Under Siege and Sudden Death, by the end of the 1980s, the influence of the successful action film could be felt in almost every genre

18.
Crime film
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Crime films are a genre of film that focus on crime. The stylistic approach to a crime film varies from realistic portrayals of real-life criminal figures, films dealing with crime and its detection are often based on plays rather than novels. Agatha Christies stage play Witness for the Prosecution was adapted for the big screen by director Billy Wilder in 1957, the film starred Marlene Dietrich and Charles Laughton and is a classic example of a courtroom drama. In a courtroom drama, a charge is brought against one of the main characters, another major part is played by the lawyer representing the defendant in court and battling with the public prosecutor. He or she may enlist the services of an investigator to find out what really happened. However, in most cases it is not clear at all whether the accused is guilty of the crime or not—this is how suspense is created. Often, the private investigator storms into the courtroom at the very last minute in order to bring a new and this type of literature lends itself to the literary genre of drama focused more on dialogue and little or no necessity for a shift in scenery. The auditorium of the theatre becomes an extension of the courtroom, in Witness for the Prosecution, Leonard Vole, a young American living in England, is accused of murdering a middle-aged lady he met in the street while shopping. His wife hires the best lawyer available because she is convinced, or rather she knows, another classic courtroom drama is U. S. playwright Reginald Roses Twelve Angry Men, which is set in the jury deliberation room of a New York Court of Law. Eleven members of the jury, aiming at a verdict of guilty. The popularity of TV brought about the emergence of TV series featuring detectives, investigators, special agents, lawyers, in Britain, The Avengers about the adventures of gentleman agent John Steed and his partner, Emma Peel, achieved cult status. In Germany, Derrick became a household word, breaking Bad character Walter White is a methamphetamine drug manufacturer, this offered a different approach whereby the protagonist is the criminal instead of being the detective. Crime films may fall under several different subgenres and these include, Crime comedy - A hybrid of crime and comedy films. Mafia comedy looks at organized crime from a comical standpoint, humor comes from the incompetence of the criminals and/or black comedy. Examples include Analyze This, The Pope of Greenwich Village, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, In Bruges, tower Heist and Pain & Gain. Crime drama - A combination of crime and dramatic films, examples include such films as Straight Time and Badlands. Crime thriller - A thriller in which the characters are involved in crime, either in its investigation, as the perpetrator or, less commonly. While some action films could be labelled as such for merely having criminality and thrills, the emphasis in this genre is the drama, examples include Untraceable, Silence of the Lambs, Heat, Seven, Witness, Memories of Murder, The Call, and Running Scared

19.
Riviera (hotel and casino)
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Riviera was a hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada, which operated from April 1955 to May 2015. It was last owned by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, the hotel had over 2,100 rooms, less than half of which were located in a 23-story tower. The casino had 110,000 sq ft of gaming space, the casino was first proposed by Detroit mobster William Bischoff as the Casa Blanca, and received a gaming license in 1952. Bischoff later withdrew from the project, which was taken over by Miami businessman Samuel Cohen. By March 1955, Cohen, identified as a member of Miamis S & G gambling syndicate, was no part of the investment group. Marx Brothers Harpo and Gummo held minority interests at the opening, the Riviera opened on April 20,1955 as the first high-rise and the ninth resort on the Las Vegas Strip. Liberace cut the ribbon, and became the first resident performer. The Riviera became one of the oldest and most famous resorts in Las Vegas Valley. The Riviera also broke new ground in its design, previously, the headline was Las Vegas—Is Boom Overextended. and a story about how Las Vegas had built too many hotel rooms to be profitable. The Riviera casino went bankrupt just three months after opening, a group of former Flamingo Hotel managers led by Gus Greenbaum took over operation of the property, leasing it from the ownership group. Greenbaum had recently retired, and it was suspected that he was coerced to return to work by threats from Chicago mob boss Tony Accardo. Among Greenbaums staff was entertainment director William Nelson, who was discovered to be mob informer Willie Bioff. Greenbaums drug and gambling led to his embezzling from the casino. In December 1958, Greenbaum and his wife were murdered in their Phoenix, Arizona home, mob fixer Sidney Korshak played a major role in the propertys management. Law enforcement agencies suspected that he represented the Chicago Outfits interest in the Riviera, dean Martin was hired in 1969 to perform in the casinos showroom, and was given a 10% interest in the Riviera. Martin left in 1972, after management refused his request to cut his schedule from two nightly shows to one, the Riviera bought back his shares. In 1973, the Riviera was purchased for $60 million by AITS Inc. a Boston-based travel company controlled by Meshulam Riklis, the Riviera is the setting for the movie Fake-Out, which was financed by Riklis and starring his wife, Pia Zadora. The Riviera filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1983, Riklis pledged money to keep the business in operation, and appointed Jeffrey Silver as CEO to turn the Riviera around

20.
Elvis impersonator
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An Elvis impersonator is someone who impersonates or copies the look and sound of musician Elvis Presley. There are even a number of stations that exclusively feature Elvis impersonator material. While some of the impersonators perform a range of Presley music, the raw 1950s Elvis. Contrary to popular belief, Elvis impersonators have existed since the mid-1950s, Nelson even performed alongside Presley when they first met, also in 1954. The friendship between Nelson and Presley is documented in the book Elvis in Texas, the second known impersonator was a 16-year-old boy named Jim Smith. In 1956, shortly after Elvis began to rise in popularity, Smith began jumping on stage, dave Ehlert from Waukegan, IL began performing as Elvis in 1967 a full 10 years before Elvis died. Some of his contemporaries included Rick Saucedo of Chicago and Johnny Hara, Ehlert performed throughout the Chicago Metro Area until Elvis died, then traveled the country with his act. He was on hand for the 1 year anniversary of Elvis death at the Prince William County Fair in Manassas, VA on August 16,1978. He has continuously performed his Elvis Tribute for almost 50 years including performances in Las Vegas and headlining an Elvis Tribute Show in Branson, only after Elvis untimely death on August 16,1977 that impersonating Elvis started to become popular in the mainstream. The large growth in Elvis impersonators seems tightly linked with his iconic status. American protest singer Phil Ochs appeared in concert in March 1970 at Carnegie Hall wearing a 1950s Elvis-style gold lamé suit and his performance may be considered the first significant Elvis impersonation. Jeremy Spencer of British blues-rock band Fleetwood Mac became known for his high-energy Elvis tribute performances during his tenure with the band. Spencer would perform as Elvis as the part of a mini-set in which he also did other impersonations of figures such as Buddy Holly. In the mid-1970s, Andy Kaufman made an Elvis impersonation part of his act and he is considered to be one of the first notable Elvis impersonators and Elvis himself said that Kaufman was his favorite impersonator. In his act, Kaufman would precede with several failed impersonations before unexpectedly launching into a skilled impersonation of Elvis Presley, as Kaufman gained fame, the impersonation was used less and less. According to a joke, Elvis himself entered an Elvis lookalike contest at a local restaurant shortly before his death. There are many different types of Elvis impersonator, most fall under the following categories, Look-alikes who concentrate more on visual elements of Elvis fashion and style using accessories such as wigs, costumes and jewelry. Sound-alikes who concentrate on changing their voice to sing or talk like Elvis, notable examples of this type include country artist Ronnie McDowell and rock n roll artist Ral Donner

21.
Animation
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Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon, animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be recorded with either analogue media, a book, motion picture film, video tape, digital media, including formats with animated GIF, Flash animation. To display animation, a camera, computer, or projector are used along with new technologies that are produced. Animation creation methods include the traditional animation creation method and those involving stop motion animation of two and three-dimensional objects, paper cutouts, puppets and clay figures, Images are displayed in a rapid succession, usually 24,25,30, or 60 frames per second. Computer animation processes generating animated images with the general term computer-generated imagery, 3D animation uses computer graphics, while 2D animation is used for stylistic, low bandwidth and faster real-time renderings. An earthen goblet discovered at the site of the 5, 200-year-old Shahr-e Sūkhté in southeastern Iran, the artifact bears five sequential images depicting a Persian Desert Ibex jumping up to eat the leaves of a tree. They may, of course, refer to Chinese shadow puppets, in the 19th century, the phenakistoscope, zoetrope and praxinoscope were introduced. A thaumatrope is a toy with a small disk with different pictures on each side. The phenakistoscope was invented simultaneously by Belgian Joseph Plateau and Austrian Simon von Stampfer in 1831, the phenakistoscope consists of a disk with a series of images, drawn on radi evenly space around the center of the disk. John Barnes Linnett patented the first flip book in 1868 as the kineograph, the first animated projection was created in France, by Charles-Émile Reynaud, who was a French science teacher. Reynaud created the Praxinoscope in 1877 and the Théâtre Optique in December 1888, on 28 October 1892, he projected the first animation in public, Pauvre Pierrot, at the Musée Grévin in Paris. This film is notable as the first known instance of film perforations being used. His films were not photographed, they were drawn directly onto the transparent strip, in 1900, more than 500,000 people had attended these screenings. Stuart Blackton, who, because of that, is considered the father of American animation, in Europe, the French artist, Émile Cohl, created the first animated film using what came to be known as traditional animation creation methods - the 1908 Fantasmagorie. The film largely consisted of a figure moving about and encountering all manner of morphing objects. There were also sections of live action in which the hands would enter the scene. The film was created by drawing each frame on paper and then shooting each frame onto negative film, the author of the first puppet-animated film was the Russian-born director Wladyslaw Starewicz, known as Ladislas Starevich

22.
Basement
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A basement or cellar is one or more floors of a building that are either completely or partially below the ground floor. However, in cities with high property prices such as London, basements are often fitted out to a high standard, the word cellar or cellars is used to apply to the whole underground level or to any large underground room. A subcellar is a cellar that lies further underneath, a basement can be used in almost exactly the same manner as an additional above-ground floor of a house or other building. However, the use of basements depends largely on factors specific to a geographical area such as climate, soil, seismic activity, building technology. Basements are much easier to construct in areas with soft soils. Adding a basement can also reduce heating and cooling costs as it is a form of earth sheltering, the housing density of an area may also influence whether or not a basement is considered necessary. Historically, basements have become easier to build since the industrialization of home building. For most of its history, the basement took one of two forms. However, beginning with the development of large, mid-priced suburban homes in the 1950s, a daylight basement or a walk-out basement is contained in a house situated on a slope, so that part of the floor is above ground, with a doorway to the outside. The part of the lower than the ground can be considered the true basement area. From the street, some daylight basement homes appear to be one storey, others appear to be a conventional two storey home from the street. Occupants can walk out at that point without having to use stairs, for example, if the ground slopes downwards towards the back of the house, the basement is at or above grade at the back of the house. It is a modern design because of the complexity of uneven foundations, where the basement is above grade. Full-size windows can be installed in a daylight basement and these can provide exits for bedrooms. Ventilation is improved over fully buried basement homes, with less dampness, daylight basements can be used for several purposes – as a garage, as maintenance rooms, or as living space. The buried portion is used for storage, laundry room, hot water tanks. Daylight basement homes typically appraise higher than standard-basement homes, since they include more viable living spaces, in some parts of the US, however, the appraisal for daylight basement space is half that of ground and above ground level square footage. Designs accommodated include split-foyer and split-level homes, garages on both levels are sometimes possible

23.
Hitchhiking
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Hitchhiking is a means of transportation that is gained by asking people, usually strangers, for a ride in their automobile or other vehicle. A ride is usually, but not always, free, itinerants have also used hitchhiking as a primary mode of travel for the better part of the last century, and continue to do so today. The hitchhikers methods of signaling to drivers differ around the world, many hitchhikers use various hand signals. If the hitchhiker wishes to indicate that he needs a ride, in North America, United Kingdom and most of Europe, the gesture involves extending the arm toward the road and sticking the thumb of the outstretched hand upward with the hand closed. For example, in the US and UK, they point their thumb up, in some African countries, the hand is held still with the palm facing upwards. In other parts of the world, such as Australia, it is common to use a gesture where the index finger is pointed at the road. Hitchhiking is a common practice worldwide and hence there are very few places in the world where laws exist to restrict it. However, a minority of countries have laws that restrict hitchhiking at certain locations, in the United States, for example, some local governments have laws outlawing hitchhiking, on the basis of drivers and hitchhikers safety. In 1946, New Jersey arrested and imprisoned a hitchhiker, leading to intervention by the American Civil Liberties Union, in Canada, several highways have restrictions on hitchhiking, particularly in British Columbia and the 400-series highways in Ontario. In all countries in Europe, it is legal to hitchhike, julian Portis points out that the rise of faster highways, such as freeways, motorways, and expressways, has made hitchhiking more difficult. He adds, The real danger of hitchhiking has most likely remained relatively constant, ur national tolerance for danger has gone down, things that we previously saw as reasonably safe suddenly appeared imminently threatening. This trend is not just isolated to the world of hitchhiking, some British researchers discuss reasons for hitchhikings decline in the UK, and possible means of reviving it in safer and more-organized forms. In recent years, hitchhikers themselves have started seeing efforts to strengthen the hitchhiking community, one example is the annual Hitchgathering, an event organized by the hitchhikers, for the hitchhikers. There now are websites like hitchwiki and hitchbase, which are platforms for hitchhikers to share tips, not much data is available regarding the safety of hitchhiking. Compiling good safety data requires counting hitchhikers, counting rides, and counting problems, two studies on the topic include a 1974 California Highway Patrol study and a 1989 German federal police study. The California study found that hitchhikers were not disproportionately likely to be victims of crime, the German study concluded that the actual risk is much lower than the publicly perceived risk, and the authors did not advise against hitchhiking in general. They found that in some there were verbal disputes and inappropriate comments. Recommended safety practices include, Asking for rides at gas stations instead of signalling at the roadside and this measure decreases the likelihood of harm by a factor of six

24.
SWAT
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SWAT is a term for law enforcement units which use specialized or military equipment and tactics in the United States. In the United States as of 2005, SWAT teams were deployed 50,000 times every year, almost 80% of the time to search warrants. Other countries have developed their own police units that are also described as or compared to SWAT forces. SWAT units are equipped with specialized firearms including submachine guns, assault rifles, breaching shotguns, sniper rifles, riot control agents. The tactic worked and was soon to resolve other types of incidents involving heavily-armed criminals. The LAPD promoted what became known as SWAT teams for a variety of reasons, after the racially charged Watts Riots in Los Angeles in August 1965, the LAPD began considering tactics it could use when faced with urban unrest, rioting, or widespread violence. Daryl Gates, who led the LAPD response to the riots, would write that police at the time didnt face a single mob. New York University professor Christian Parenti has written that SWAT teams were originally conceived of as an urban counterinsurgency bulwark. Another reason for the creation of SWAT teams was the fear of lone or barricaded gunmen who might outperform police in a shootout, after the LAPDs establishment of its own SWAT team, many law enforcement agencies across the United States established their own specialized units under various names. At the time, the United Farm Workers union led by César Chavez was staging numerous protests in Delano, though the strike never turned violent, the Delano Police Department responded by forming ad-hoc SWAT-type units involving crowd and riot control, sniper skills and surveillance. Television news stations and print media carried live and delayed reportage of events across the United States. Personnel from the LAPD, having seen these broadcasts, contacted Delano, inspector Gates approved this idea, and he formed a small select group of volunteer officers. This first SWAT unit initially consisted of fifteen teams of four men each and these officers were given special status and benefits, and were required to attend special monthly training sessions. The unit also served as a security unit for police facilities during civil unrest, the LAPD SWAT units were organized as D Platoon in the Metro division. Early police powers and tactics used by SWAT teams were aided by legislation passed in 1967-8 with the help of Republican House representative Donald Santarelli. The legislation was promoted within the context of fears over the Civil Rights Movement, race riots, the Black Panther Party, and the emerging War on Drugs. The first significant deployment of the LAPDs SWAT unit was on December 9,1969, the raid was problematic from the start, leading to a shoot-out in which Daryl Gates phoned the Department of Defense, requesting and receiving permission to use a grenade launcher. The Panthers eventually surrendered, with four Panthers and four officers being injured, all six arrested Panthers were acquitted of the most serious charges brought against them, including conspiracy to murder police officers, because it was ruled that they acted in self-defense

25.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives

26.
Graceland
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Graceland is a mansion on a 13. 8-acre estate in Memphis, Tennessee that was owned by Elvis Presley. It is located at 3764 Elvis Presley Boulevard in the vast Whitehaven community, about 9 miles from Downtown and it currently serves as a museum. It was opened to the public on June 7,1982, the site was listed in the National Register of Historic Places on November 7,1991, and declared a National Historic Landmark on March 27,2006. Graceland is the second most-visited house in America with over 650,000 visitors a year, Graceland Farms was originally owned by Stephen C. Toof & Co. the oldest commercial printing firm in Memphis, who was previously the foreman of the Memphis newspaper. The grounds was named after Toofs daughter, Grace and she inherited the farm/grounds from her father in 1894. After Elvis Presley began his career, he purchased a $40,000 home for himself and his family at 1034 Audubon Drive in Memphis. As his fame grew, especially after his appearances on television, Presleys neighbors, most of whom were happy to have a celebrity living nearby, soon came to find the constant gathering of fans and journalists a nuisance. After several complaints, Presley decided it was necessary for him to move to a property more suitable, in early-1957, Presley gave his parents, Vernon and Gladys Presley, a $100,000 budget, and asked them to find a farmhouse type property to purchase. At the time, Graceland was located several miles beyond Memphis main urban area, in later years, Memphis would expand with housing, resulting in Graceland being surrounded by other properties. Presley purchased Graceland on March 19,1957 for the amount of $102,500, later that year, Presley invited Richard Williams and Buzz Cason to get a close look at this mansion Elvis had told us about. We proceeded to clown around on the front porch, striking our best rock n roll poses and snapping pictures with the little camera. We peeked in the windows and got a kick out of the pastel colored walls in the front rooms with shades of bright reds. Elvis was fond of claiming that the US government had mooted a visit to Graceland by Nikita Khrushchev, to see how in America a fellow can start out with nothing and, you know, make good. After Gladys died in 1958, Vernon remarried to Dee Stanley in 1960 and this was too much for the singer who still loved his late mother deeply. And all Dees households goods, clothes, improvements, and her own menagerie of pets, were loaded on. While Vernon, Dee and her three children went by car to a house on Hermitage until they finally settled into a house on Dolan Drive which ran alongside Elvis estate. According to the cousin, Billy Smith, Presley spent the night at Graceland with Smith and his wife Jo many times

27.
Memphis, Tennessee
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Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the fourth Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf, Memphis had a population of 653,450 in 2013, making it the largest city in the state of Tennessee. It is the largest city on the Mississippi River, the third largest in the greater Southeastern United States, the greater Memphis metropolitan area, including adjacent counties in Mississippi and Arkansas, had a 2014 population of 1,317,314. This makes Memphis the second-largest metropolitan area in Tennessee, surpassed by metropolitan Nashville, Memphis is the youngest of Tennessees major cities, founded in 1819 as a planned city by a group of wealthy Americans including judge John Overton and future president Andrew Jackson. A resident of Memphis is referred to as a Memphian, and the Memphis region is known, particularly to media outlets, as Memphis and the Mid-South. Occupying a substantial bluff rising from the Mississippi River, the site of Memphis has been a location for human settlement by varying cultures over thousands of years. The historic Chickasaw Indian tribe, believed to be their descendants, French explorers led by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle and Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto would encounter the Chickasaw in that area, in the 16th century. J. D. L. Chickasaw Bluffs, located on the Mississippi River at the present day location of Memphis, spain and the United States vied for control of this site, which was a favorite of the Chickasaws. The United States gained the right to navigate the Mississippi River, the Spanish dismantled the fort, shipping its lumber and iron to their locations in Arkansas. Captain Isaac Guion led an American force down the Ohio River to claim the land, by this time, the Spanish had departed. The forts ruins went unnoticed twenty years later when Memphis was laid out as a city, the city of Memphis was founded on May 22,1819 by John Overton, James Winchester and Andrew Jackson. They named it after the ancient capital of Egypt on the Nile River, Memphis developed as a trade and transportation center in the 19th century because of its flood-free location high above the Mississippi River. Located in the delta region along the river, its outlying areas were developed as cotton plantations. The cotton economy of the antebellum South depended on the labor of large numbers of African-American slaves. Through the early 19th century, one million slaves were transported from the Upper South, Many were transported by steamboats along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. This gave planters and cotton brokers access to the Atlantic Coast for shipping cotton to England, the citys demographics changed dramatically in the 1850s and 1860s under waves of immigration and domestic migration. Due to increased immigration since the 1840s and the Great Famine, ethnic Irish made up 9.9 percent of the population in 1850, but 23.2 percent in 1860, when the total population was 22,623. They had encountered considerable discrimination in the city but by 1860 and they also gained many elected and patronage positions in the Democratic Party city government, and an Irish man was elected as mayor before the Civil War

28.
Louis Lombardi
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Louis Lombardi is an American actor. Lombardi was born in The Bronx, New York City, the son of Louis Lombardi, on television, Lombardi had a recurring role on The Sopranos as Agent Skip Lipari, and guest starred on such shows as Entourage, Heroes and CSI. He was a cast member of a 1990s revival of Fantasy Island and he also played Stucky Fein in the short-lived television show Mob City. He also wrote and directed the film Dough Boys, released in 2008, official website Louis Lombardi at the Internet Movie Database Biography on FOX. com

29.
Paul Anka
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Paul Albert Anka OC is a Canadian-American singer, songwriter, and actor. Anka became famous during the late 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s with hit songs like Diana, Lonely Boy, Put Your Head on My Shoulder and he was inducted into Canadas Walk of Fame in 2005. In 1983, he co-wrote the song I Never Heard with Michael Jackson and it was retitled and released in 2009 under the name This Is It. An additional song that Jackson co-wrote with Anka from this 1983 session, the song was also released by Johnny Mathis in 1984. Anka became a naturalized US citizen in 1990, Anka was born in Ottawa, Ontario, to Camelia and Andrew Emile Andy Anka, Sr. who owned a restaurant called the Locanda. His parents were both Antiochian Orthodox Christians, Ankas father was Syrian-American from ’Uyūn al-Wādī from the NaNou family and his mother was Canadian-Lebanese from the town of Kfarmishki, in Lebanon. Anka sang with the St. Elias Antiochian Orthodox Church choir under the direction of Frederick Karam and he studied piano with Winnifred Rees. He attended Fisher Park High School, where he was part of a trio called the Bobby Soxers. Paul Anka recorded his first single, I Confess, when he was 14, in an interview with NPRs Terry Gross in 2005, he stated that it was to a girl at his church whom he hardly knew. The song Diana brought Anka stardom as it rocketed to No.1 on the Canadian, Diana is one of the best selling singles ever by a Canadian recording artist. He followed up with four songs made it into the Top 20 in 1958, including Its Time to Cry, which hit No.4 and My Heart Sings. 15, making him one of the biggest teen idols of the time and he toured Britain, then Australia with Buddy Holly. Anka also wrote It Doesnt Matter Anymore – a song written for Holly, Anka stated shortly afterward, It Doesnt Matter Anymore has a tragic irony about it now, but at least it will help look after Buddy Hollys family. Im giving my composers royalty to his widow – its the least I can do, Paul Ankas talent included the theme for The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Anka composed Tom Joness biggest hit record, Shes a Lady, and wrote the English lyrics to My Way, Frank Sinatras signature song. In the 1960s, Anka began acting in motion pictures as well as writing songs for them, most notably the theme for the hit film The Longest Day, for his film work he wrote and recorded one of his greatest hits, Lonely Boy. He also wrote and recorded My Home Town, which was a No.8 pop hit for him the same year and he then went on to become one of the first pop singers to perform at the Las Vegas casinos. In 1960, he appeared twice as himself in NBCs short-lived crime drama Dan Raven, in 1960, Anka signed with RCA Victor

30.
Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since 2007, the websites editor-in-chief has been Matt Atchity. The name, Rotten Tomatoes, derives from the practice of audiences throwing rotten tomatoes when disapproving of a stage performance. From early 2008 to September 2010, Current Television aired the weekly The Rotten Tomatoes Show, featuring hosts, a shorter segment was incorporated into the weekly show, InfoMania, which ended in 2011. In September 2013, the website introduced TV Zone, a section for reviewing scripted TV shows, Rotten Tomatoes was launched on August 12,1998, as a spare-time project by Senh Duong. His goal in creating Rotten Tomatoes was to create a site where people can get access to reviews from a variety of critics in the U. S. As a fan of Jackie Chans, Duong was inspired to create the website after collecting all the reviews of Chans movies as they were being published in the United States, the first movie whose reviews were featured on Rotten Tomatoes was Your Friends & Neighbors. The website was an success, receiving mentions by Netscape, Yahoo. and USA Today within the first week of its launch. They officially launched it on April 1,2000, in June 2004, IGN Entertainment acquired rottentomatoes. com for an undisclosed sum. In September 2005, IGN was bought by News Corps Fox Interactive Media, in January 2010, IGN sold the website to Flixster. The combined reach of both companies is 30 million unique visitors a month across all different platforms, according to the companies, in May 2011, Flixster was acquired by Warner Bros. In early 2009, Current Television launched the version of the web review site. It was hosted by Brett Erlich and Ellen Fox and written by Mark Ganek, the show aired every Thursday at 10,30 EST on the Current TV network. The last episode aired on September 16,2010 and it returned as a much shorter segment of InfoMania, a satirical news show that ended in 2011. By late 2009, the website was designed to enable Rotten Tomatoes users to create, one group, The Golden Oyster Awards, accepted votes of members for different awards, as if in parallel to the better-known Oscars or Golden Globes. When Flixster bought the company, they disbanded the groups, announcing, in the meantime, please use the Forums to continue your conversations about your favorite movie topics. As of February 2011, new community features have been added, for example, users can no longer sort films by fresh ratings from rotten ratings, and vice versa

31.
Metacritic
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Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a color of Green, Yellow or Red summarizes the critics recommendations and therefore the general appeal of the product to reviewers and, to a lesser extent, the public. It is regarded as the game industrys foremost review aggregator. Metacritics scoring converts each review into a percentage, either mathematically from the mark given, before being averaged, the scores are weighted according to the critics fame, stature, and volume of reviews. Metacritic was launched in July 1999 by Marc Doyle, his sister Julie Doyle Roberts, rotten Tomatoes was already compiling movie reviews, but Doyle, Roberts, and Dietz saw an opportunity to cover a broader range of media. They sold Metacritic to CNET in 2005, CNET and Metacritic are now owned by the CBS Corporation. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal wrote in September 2004, Mr. Doyle,36, is now a product manager at CNET. Speaking of video games, Doyle said, A site like ours helps people cut through. unobjective promotional language and he added that the review process was not taken as seriously when unconnected magazines and websites provided reviews in isolation. In August 2010, the appearance was revamped, reaction from users was overwhelmingly negative. Certain publications are given more significance because of their stature, games Editor Marc Doyle was interviewed by Keith Stuart of The Guardian to get a look behind the metascoring process. Stuart wrote, the phenomenon, namely Metacritic and GameRankings, have become an enormously important element of online games journalism over the past few years. The ranging of metascores is, Metacritic is regarded as the foremost online review site for the video game industry. Nick Wingfield of The Wall Street Journal has written that Metacritic influence the sales of games and he explains its influence as coming from the higher cost of buying video games than music or movie tickets. Many executives say that low scores can hurt the sales potential. He claimed that a number of businesses and financial analysts use Metacritic as an early indicator of a games potential sales and, by extension. In 2004, Jason Hall of Warner Bros. began including quality metrics in contracts with partners licensing its movies for games, if a product does not at least achieve a specific score, some deals require the publisher to pay higher royalties. In 2008, Microsoft began using Metacritic averages to de-list underperforming Xbox Live Arcade games and these are the top 10 individual games with the highest scores on the site as of 2 April 2017

32.
Down to Earth (2001 film)
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Down to Earth is a 2001 American comedy film directed by Chris and Paul Weitz and written by Chris Rock, Lance Crouther, Ali LeRoi and Louis C. K. It is the film based on Harry Segalls stageplay Heaven Can Wait, preceded by Here Comes Mr. Jordan. The film stars Chris Rock as Lance Barton, a comedian who is killed before his time on Earth is through and he is given another chance to continue his life, but in the body of a middle-aged rich white man. The film was released on February 16,2001, received negative reviews from critics. Lance Barton is a comedian who is quite funny and confident in his personality. After being booed off stage one night he hears about an opportunity from his manager, Whitney Daniels, at the Apollo Theater, which is having a goodbye show due to its imminent closing. He is hoping to get a chance to prove himself in front of a real audience, not paying attention, he is hit by a semi truck and is instantly killed. Because of this, Lance is brought up to Heaven where he meets the angels, King and Keyes who reveal that Lance has died before his time, Lance and King then start searching for a body. After sorting through many, they find Charles Wellington III, a rich businessman freshly drowned in his tub by his wife and assistant. Lance sees this as a chance to get to know her, accordingly, he makes a deal with King to loan Charles body until a more suitable body is found. Soon after, Charles returns from death, but with the witty soul of Lance Barton inside him, only he and the angels can see him as Lance. Everybody else sees him as the middle-aged, rich, white Charles, very unpopular in the past, the public and those closest to Charles start to notice a change in his personality. He transforms from a snobbish billionaire into a philanthropist, despite recent events he continues to follow his comedy dreams through Charles, contacting his old manager Whitney and convincing him that he is Lance reincarnated. Through many humorous moments and issues, he gets Sontee to fall in love with him, all too soon, Charles wife and Sklars plans to murder him succeed as he is shot and killed by a hired assassin. Joe returns from this accident unscathed, now with Lances soul, after pulling off a successful performance at the Apollo and reconnecting with Whitney, King and Keyes re-emerge. They inform him that after their current conversation, he not remember them, Lance. As said, after the angels leave he no longer remembers the events or his previous lives. Even though he has lost his memory of Lance, he still has the characteristics of him

33.
Hannibal (film)
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Hannibal is a 2001 American crime thriller film directed by Ridley Scott, adapted from the novel of the same name by Thomas Harris. It is the sequel to the 1991 Academy Award–winning film The Silence of the Lambs in which Anthony Hopkins returns to his role as the serial killer. Julianne Moore co-stars, in the role first held by Jodie Foster, the film had a difficult and occasionally troubling pre-production history. When the novel was published in 1999, The Silence of the Lambs director Jonathan Demme, screenwriter Ted Tally, after the departure of Foster and screenwriter Tally, Julianne Moore took on Fosters role while David Mamet and Steven Zaillian wrote the screenplay. Set ten years after The Silence of the Lambs, Hannibal follows Starlings attempts to apprehend Lecter before his surviving victim, Mason Verger and it is set in Italy and the United States. The novel Hannibal drew attention for its violence, Hannibal broke box office records in the United States, Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom in February 2001, but was met with a mixed critical reception. Ten years after tracking down serial killer Jame Gumb, FBI Special Agent Clarice Starling is unjustly blamed for a drug raid. She is later contacted by Mason Verger, the surviving victim of the serial killer Hannibal Lecter. A wealthy child molester, Verger was paralyzed and brutally disfigured by Lecter during a therapy session and he has been pursuing an elaborate scheme to capture, torture, and kill Lecter ever since. Using his wealth and political influence, Verger has Starling reassigned to Lecters case, after learning of Starlings public disgrace, Lecter sends her a taunting letter. Starling detects a strange fragrance from the letter, a perfume expert later identifies a skin cream whose ingredients are only available to a few shops in the world. She contacts the police departments of the cities where the shops are located, in Florence, one of said cities, Chief Inspector Rinaldo Pazzi is investigating the disappearance of a library curator. Pazzi questions Lecter, who is masquerading as Dr. Fell, upon recognizing Dr. Fell in the surveillance tape, Pazzi accesses the ViCAP database of wanted fugitives. He then learns of Vergers US$3 million personal bounty on Lecter, blinded by greed, Pazzi ignores Starlings warnings and attempts to capture Lecter alone. He recruits a pickpocket to obtain Lecters fingerprint to show Verger as proof, the pickpocket, mortally wounded by Lecter, manages to get the print and gives it to Pazzi. Lecter baits Pazzi into a room of the Palazzo Vecchio, ties him up, then disembowels. He then heads back to the United States, Verger bribes Justice Department official Paul Krendler to accuse Starling of withholding a note from Lecter, leading to her suspension. Lecter lures Starling to Union Station, Vergers men, having trailed Starling, capture and bring Lecter to Verger

34.
Stinkers Bad Movie Awards
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The Stinkers Bad Movie Awards was a Los Angeles-based group of film buffs and movie critics devoted to honoring the worst films of the year. The society was founded by Mike Lancaster and Ray Wright, two former ushers who met in the late 1970s at what is now the Pacific Hastings Theater in Pasadena, California. The Stinkers Bad Movie Awards have been featured in Entertainment Weekly, USA Today, The Los Angeles Times, Lancaster and Wright offered the annual Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, which was a parody of the Academy Awards. The Stinkers were similar to the Golden Raspberry Award, which debuted four years after the Stinkers, unlike the Razzies, the Stinkers did not have an awards ceremony. The Stinkers first ballots were handed out to the public in 1997, in the years that followed, the Razzies and Stinkers rarely agreed on a list of nominees or winners. In 2001 the Stinkers created 100 Years,100 Stinkers, The Worst Films of the 20th Century, the next year the Stinkers made a special trophy of a miniature flushing toilet for comedian actor Tom Green. Greens Freddy Got Fingered was nominated for seven awards and won Worst Film, Worst Sense of Direction, Worst Actor and that same year the Stinkers gave a special award to David Manning, the controversial Sony Pictures fictitious movie critic. The Stinkers included in 2003 another special category for Worst Performance by a Child, in 2004, the Stinkers went to a more selective way of obtaining votes. They dismantled their membership and offered ballots by invitation only to a small, select group of geeks and critics. In 2006, the Stinkers refused to nominate hotel heiress Paris Hilton for her role in the horror film House of Wax. Said Lancaster, To get on the Stinkers ballot you are judged on your performance, anyone that would put Paris Hilton on a list of the five worst supporting actresses in 2005 didnt see a lot of movies in 2005. I could list twelve actresses who gave worse supporting performances than Paris Hilton, the next year, the Stinkers did nominate Hilton for Worst Actress for her performance in the barely released National Lampoons Pledge This. I still have my ticket stub if any one doubts this film played in a theater and it was like a gift from the bad movie gods. In late January 2007, it was announced on the website following the announcement of the years winners. On July 1,2007, four months after the announcement of the worst of 2006 winners and its final headline was a review quote from Chicago Sun-Times critic Richard Roeper calling the film Evan Almighty a paper-thin alleged comedy with a laugh drought of biblical proportions. A book about the Stinkers Awards and their history was also promised on the website and it was to be released before the end of the decade. 1994, Ill Do Anything 1995, Johnny Mnemonic 1996, The Phantom and The Stupids Founders Award 2000, Motion Picture Association of America 2001, David Manning, Sony Pictures fictitious movie critic. com

35.
TVT Records
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TVT Records was an American record label founded by Steve Gottlieb. Over the course of its 25-year history, the label released some 25 Gold, additionally, TVT also had success overseas, achieving a gold release in Germany and Sweden with The Connells and scored platinum and gold records in Canada with Default. TeeVee Toons was founded in 1985 by Steve Gottlieb, a graduate of Yale University, Gottlieb launched the label from his New York City apartment with the release of Televisions Greatest Hits, an album featuring theme songs from classic TV shows that became a respectable seller. The San Francisco Chronicle called the album the most fun you can have with your pants on, in 1992, TVT purchased the Chicago-based industrial music label Wax Trax. This gave TVT the artists and/or catalogue releases of such acts as, Ministry, My Life with the Thrill Kill Kult, KMFDM, in 1995, TVT started their official soundtrack imprint called TVT SOUNDTRAX headed by Patricia Joseph releasing television, film, and Broadway soundtracks. It expanded Televisions Greatest Hits to a series and released over 70 film and TV soundtracks. Its theatrical music releases included the Stephen Sondheim Follies, in 1996 Crains named Gottlieb one of its forty under 40 Rising Stars to Watch, citing the 50% yearly growth of TVT. In 1999 TVT completed a securitization that enabled it to raise $23.5 million in growth capital, in 2000, TVT Records opened TVT Distribution, a distribution company for third party labels, among them Vagrant Records. TVT Distribution, in conjunction with Vagrant, went on to achieve gold album success with Dashboard Confessional, in 2000, TVT became the first label to put its entire catalog online available for downloading and free streaming by fans. In 2001, the reached a amicable arrangement with Napster for use of TVTs artist copyrights. CEO Gottlieb served on the Board of Directors of Musicmatch, TVT was one of the founding members of the Association of Independent Music, an organization devoted to protecting independent labels interests. In 2002, the label got into a dispute with Lyor Cohen, then head of Island Def Jam. The dispute involved Cohen and Universal paying former TVT artist Ja Rule $8 million to not deliver an album paid for by TVT, in the resulting litigation Universal was prohibited by the courts from releasing the album created with TVTs funding. In the ultimate trial over the claims of fraud and tortious interference, on appeal, Cohen and Universal argued the existence of an agreement between the parties meant that their behavior was only a breach of contract and not a fraud or tort. The court agreed, reducing TVTs award to $126,000, TVT, who signed Pitbull several years later, had sought to notice third parties that the distribution and sale of this album would violate TVTs exclusive right to create new music by the artist. TVT filed for appeal but was unable to post the required bond, on February 19,2008, Gottlieb stated This is not the end of TVT. The music publishing assets were transferred to TVT Music Enterprises, official website Former A&R Bryan Leach on TVT, HitQuarters Apr 2004

Bart Dorsa
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Bart Dorsa is an American artist, photographer, film-maker. Dorsa works in an old photographic technique, dorsas notable exhibitions have been at the Venice Biennale and Moscow Museum of Modern Art. In 2011 Dorsa pedaled his Flaming Duck kinetic sculpture around the city of Moscow, Dorsa was born in California to Frank and Marilyn Dorsa, and is the

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Bart Dorsa

Eric Manes
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Eric Manes is a feature film and television writer and producer, owner of Swiss chocolate company Coco Suisse with his wife Marianne Manes, and a State of California Registered Investment Advisor. Manes produced the documentary Voices of Iraq, for which he funneled digital video cameras to hundreds of Iraqis in the midst of war, the Iraqis intervie

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Eric Manes

Kurt Russell
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Kurt Vogel Russell is an American actor. He began acting on television in the western series The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters, in the late 1960s, he signed a ten-year contract with The Walt Disney Company where, according to Robert Osborne, he became the studios top star of the 1970s. Russell was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporti

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Russell in 2015

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Russell in 2005

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Russell at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival

Kevin Costner
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Kevin Michael Costner is an American actor, director, producer, and musician. His accolades include two Academy Awards, three Golden Globe Awards, and one Emmy Award, Costner has played Eliot Ness in The Untouchables, Crash Davis in Bull Durham, Ray Kinsella in Field of Dreams, Lt. John J. He directed, produced, and starred in The Postman, Costner

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Costner at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival

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Costner visiting Andrews Air Force Base in July 2003.

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Costner on stage in July 2010

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Costner in 2013 with Christine Baumgartner.

Courteney Cox
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Courteney Bass Cox is an American actress, producer, and director. Cox also starred in the FX series Dirt and she owns a production company, called Coquette Productions, which was created by Cox and her then-husband David Arquette. Cox also worked as a director on her sitcom Cougar Town, Cox was born and raised in Birmingham, Alabama, the daughter

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Cox in March 2010

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Cox in September 1995

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Cox in February 2009

Christian Slater
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Christian Michael Leonard Slater is an American actor and producer. He made his debut with a leading role in the 1985 film The Legend of Billie Jean. He played an apprentice alongside Sean Connery in The Name of the Rose. In the 1990s, Slater starred in big budget films, including Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves, Interview with the Vampire, FernGully

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Slater at the Berlin International Film Festival in February 2014

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Slater in 2004

Kevin Pollak
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Kevin Elliot Pollak is an American actor, impressionist, and comedian. He started performing comedy at the age of 10 and touring professionally at the age of 20. In 1988, he landed a role in Willow, his first major role in a film, Pollak is an avid poker player, hosting weekly home games with some of Hollywoods A-list celebrities. He finished 134th

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Pollak in March 2008

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Pollak in April 2011

David Arquette
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David Arquette is an American actor, film director, producer, screenwriter, fashion designer and former professional wrestler. A member of the Arquette acting family, he first became known during the mid-1990s after starring in several Hollywood films, such as the Scream series, Wild Bill and he has since had several television roles, such as Jason

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Arquette in 2013

Jon Lovitz
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Jonathan Michael Jon Lovitz is an American comedian, actor and singer, best known as a cast member of Saturday Night Live from 1985 to 1990. He starred as Jay Sherman in The Critic and has appeared in other television series. His film credits include roles in The Brave Little Toaster, Big, A League of Their Own, The Wedding Singer, High School High

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Lovitz in 2008.

Howie Long
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Howard Matthew Moses Howie Long is an American former National Football League defensive end, actor and sports analyst. He played in the NFL for 13 seasons and spent the entirety of his career with the Oakland Raiders franchise, during his tenure as a player, Long was named to eight Pro Bowls and helped the Raiders win a Super Bowl title in XVIII.

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Long in December 2000.

Thomas Haden Church
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Thomas Haden Church is an American actor, director, and writer. After co-starring in the 1990s sitcom Wings, Church became known for his roles, including his Academy Award-nominated performance in Sideways. He also made his debut with Rolling Kansas. Churchs parents divorced and his moved to Texas. She remarried in 1969, to widower George A. Quesad

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Church at the 2009 premiere of Don McKay.

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Church at the Spider-Man 3 (2007) premiere in New York City

Bokeem Woodbine
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Bokeem Woodbine is an American actor. He is mostly known for his role as Mike Milligan on the season of Fargo. He will portray Herman Schultz/Shocker in Spider-Man, Homecoming, for his performance in Fargo, he won a Black Reel Award, and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and a Critics Choice Television Award. Bokeem Woodbine was born in Harl

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Woodbine in 2011

Ice-T
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Tracy Lauren Marrow, better known by his stage name Ice-T, is an American rapper, metal vocalist and actor. He began his career as a rapper in the 1980s and was signed to Sire Records in 1987, the next year, he founded the record label Rhyme $yndicate Records and released another album, Power. He co-founded the heavy metal band Body Count, which he

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Ice-T in Manhattan on set of Law & Order: Special Victims Unit in March 2011

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External video

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Ice-T with Christopher Meloni shooting Law & Order: SVU on Broome Street in SoHo, New York City (October 10, 2008)

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Ice-T at the 2009 Tribeca Film Festival for the premiere of Burning Down the House

Morgan Creek Productions
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The studio was co-founded in 1988 by James Robinson and Joe Roth. Robinson leads the company as chairman and CEO and he has two sons Brian Robinson and David C. Robinson who run the day to day operations. In October 2014, Morgan Creek sold the distribution rights and copyrights to their films to Revolution Studios. Miramax is currently the digital

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Morgan Creek Productions

Franchise Pictures
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Franchise Pictures LLC was an independent motion picture production and distribution company with Warner Bros. Entertainment, founded by Elie Samaha and Andrew Stevens and they were known for their production in the action film genre. The company also had a video game arm, Franchise Interactive. As of 2009, the Franchise Pictures library, along wit

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Franchise Pictures LLC

Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder

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Warner Bros.

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Lobby card from Open Your Eyes (1919)

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Lobby card from The Beautiful and Damned (1922)

Action film
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Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists end up in a series of challenges that typically include violence, extended fighting, physical feats, and frantic chases. Advancements in CGI have made it cheaper and easier to create action sequences, while action has long been a recurring component in films, the action film genre

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Actor Sylvester Stallone starred as a troubled Vietnam war vet who becomes a "one man army" in the popular Rambo action films.

Crime film
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Crime films are a genre of film that focus on crime. The stylistic approach to a crime film varies from realistic portrayals of real-life criminal figures, films dealing with crime and its detection are often based on plays rather than novels. Agatha Christies stage play Witness for the Prosecution was adapted for the big screen by director Billy W

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Humphrey Bogart in The Petrified Forest (1936)

Riviera (hotel and casino)
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Riviera was a hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada, which operated from April 1955 to May 2015. It was last owned by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, the hotel had over 2,100 rooms, less than half of which were located in a 23-story tower. The casino had 110,000 sq ft of gaming space, the casino was first pr

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The old marquee, with Debbie Reynolds headlining, and Billy Williams, along with Roberta Linn on the under-billing

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Riviera Facade

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Riviera Facade at Night

Elvis impersonator
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An Elvis impersonator is someone who impersonates or copies the look and sound of musician Elvis Presley. There are even a number of stations that exclusively feature Elvis impersonator material. While some of the impersonators perform a range of Presley music, the raw 1950s Elvis. Contrary to popular belief, Elvis impersonators have existed since

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Elvis impersonators

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Example of the "fun/comedy"-level Elvis impersonator, seen here "walking in Memphis."

Animation
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Animation is the process of making the illusion of motion and the illusion of change by means of the rapid display of a sequence of images that minimally differ from each other. The illusion—as in motion pictures in general—is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon, animators are artists who specialize in the creation of animation. Animation can be

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A phenakistoscope disc by Eadweard Muybridge (1893)

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The bouncing ball animation (below) consists of these six frames.

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A clay animation scene from a Finnish television commercial

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Toy Story zoetrope at Disney California Adventure creates illusion of motion using figures, rather than static pictures.

Basement
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A basement or cellar is one or more floors of a building that are either completely or partially below the ground floor. However, in cities with high property prices such as London, basements are often fitted out to a high standard, the word cellar or cellars is used to apply to the whole underground level or to any large underground room. A subcel

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An unfinished basement used for storage and exercise

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Chillon Castle (Château de Chillon) basement

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A Stasi basement hallway

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Old Town medieval basements in Warsaw

Hitchhiking
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Hitchhiking is a means of transportation that is gained by asking people, usually strangers, for a ride in their automobile or other vehicle. A ride is usually, but not always, free, itinerants have also used hitchhiking as a primary mode of travel for the better part of the last century, and continue to do so today. The hitchhikers methods of sign

SWAT
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SWAT is a term for law enforcement units which use specialized or military equipment and tactics in the United States. In the United States as of 2005, SWAT teams were deployed 50,000 times every year, almost 80% of the time to search warrants. Other countries have developed their own police units that are also described as or compared to SWAT forc

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U.S. Air Force 37th Training Wing's Emergency Services Team use a team lift technique to enter a target building during training at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas on April 24, 2007.

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SWAT officers respond to the 2009 Fort Hood shooting.

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Marion County SWAT Team members during a training exercise.

Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Record

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Presley in a publicity photograph for the 1957 film Jailhouse Rock

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Presley's birthplace in Tupelo, Mississippi

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Presley in a Sun Records promotional photograph, 1954

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The "iconic cover" of Presley's 1956 debut album featuring a photo taken July 31, 1955, in Tampa, Florida

Graceland
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Graceland is a mansion on a 13. 8-acre estate in Memphis, Tennessee that was owned by Elvis Presley. It is located at 3764 Elvis Presley Boulevard in the vast Whitehaven community, about 9 miles from Downtown and it currently serves as a museum. It was opened to the public on June 7,1982, the site was listed in the National Register of Historic Pla

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Graceland

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Graceland living room

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The Jungle Room, Graceland

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Graceland trophies and awards

Memphis, Tennessee
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Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U. S. state of Tennessee and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the fourth Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf, Memphis had a population of 653,450 in 2013, making it the largest city in the state of Tennessee. It is the largest city on the Mississippi River,

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From top to bottom and left to right: Downtown Memphis skyline, Beale Street, Graceland, Orpheum Theatre, Beale Street Landing, and the Hernando de Soto Bridge

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A Mississippian era priest (Digital illustration, 2004)

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Memphis in the mid-1850s

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Cotton merchants on Union Avenue (1937)

Louis Lombardi
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Louis Lombardi is an American actor. Lombardi was born in The Bronx, New York City, the son of Louis Lombardi, on television, Lombardi had a recurring role on The Sopranos as Agent Skip Lipari, and guest starred on such shows as Entourage, Heroes and CSI. He was a cast member of a 1990s revival of Fantasy Island and he also played Stucky Fein in th

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Lombardi at the 24 Panel at the Chicago Entertainment Expo 2014

Paul Anka
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Paul Albert Anka OC is a Canadian-American singer, songwriter, and actor. Anka became famous during the late 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s with hit songs like Diana, Lonely Boy, Put Your Head on My Shoulder and he was inducted into Canadas Walk of Fame in 2005. In 1983, he co-wrote the song I Never Heard with Michael Jackson and it was retitled and relea

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Anka at the 2007 North Sea Jazz Festival

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Paul Anka at Gröna Lund in Stockholm, 1959

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Paul Anka's star on Canada's Walk of Fame

Rotten Tomatoes
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Rotten Tomatoes is an American review aggregator website for film and television. The company was launched in August 1998 by Senh Duong and since January 2010 has been owned by Flixster, in February 2016, Rotten Tomatoes and its parent site Flixster were sold to Comcasts Fandango. Warner Bros. retained a minority stake in the merged entities, since

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60–100%

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≤0-59%

Metacritic
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Metacritic is a website that aggregates reviews of media products, music albums, games, movies, TV shows, DVDs, and formerly, books. For each product, the scores from each review are averaged, Metacritic was created by Jason Dietz, Marc Doyle, and Julie Doyle Roberts. The site provides an excerpt from each review and hyperlinks to its source, a col

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Metacritic

Down to Earth (2001 film)
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Down to Earth is a 2001 American comedy film directed by Chris and Paul Weitz and written by Chris Rock, Lance Crouther, Ali LeRoi and Louis C. K. It is the film based on Harry Segalls stageplay Heaven Can Wait, preceded by Here Comes Mr. Jordan. The film stars Chris Rock as Lance Barton, a comedian who is killed before his time on Earth is through

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Down to Earth

Hannibal (film)
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Hannibal is a 2001 American crime thriller film directed by Ridley Scott, adapted from the novel of the same name by Thomas Harris. It is the sequel to the 1991 Academy Award–winning film The Silence of the Lambs in which Anthony Hopkins returns to his role as the serial killer. Julianne Moore co-stars, in the role first held by Jodie Foster, the f

Stinkers Bad Movie Awards
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The Stinkers Bad Movie Awards was a Los Angeles-based group of film buffs and movie critics devoted to honoring the worst films of the year. The society was founded by Mike Lancaster and Ray Wright, two former ushers who met in the late 1970s at what is now the Pacific Hastings Theater in Pasadena, California. The Stinkers Bad Movie Awards have bee

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Stinkers Bad Movie Awards logo

TVT Records
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TVT Records was an American record label founded by Steve Gottlieb. Over the course of its 25-year history, the label released some 25 Gold, additionally, TVT also had success overseas, achieving a gold release in Germany and Sweden with The Connells and scored platinum and gold records in Canada with Default. TeeVee Toons was founded in 1985 by St