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1 Answer
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There are three(3) suggestions I have that you may want to look into...

SUGGESTION #1

You could use MySQL 5.5 both locally and in AWS. You would also setup Semisync Replication. That way, every SQL statement executed on the Master has its latest recorded SQL statement sent over to the Slave.

SUGGESTION #2

If all your data is InnoDB, you could use Percona XtraDB Cluster (preferable to have two Slaves in AWS but one would do). Why Percona XtraDB Cluster? You have synchronized writes. You only major bottleneck would strictly be network communication (again High Latency would have an adverse affect)

SUGGESTION #3

If you want to strengthen each data center's local copy of the data, I would suggestion using DRBD, not over a geographic distance, but having a DRBD cluster in each data center. In your case, at least have DRBD in the local data center.

Thank you very much for your suggestions. I will try to setup a Master-Master asynchronous replication, with each database having only one node as the master (the HPC and the front-end don't need to write to the same databases)
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ThomasAug 21 '12 at 9:37