The Battle
of the Crater

At the Battle of the Crater on July 30,
1964, General Burnside developed an elaborate plan to tunnel under the
Confederate defenses at Petersburg, blow up the defenses then rush in
with black troops to seize the town. Black troops had gained a
reputation of fighting with significant determination and tenacity when
charging Confederate works. General Grant however was not satisfied with
Burnsides reason for using black troops and substituted them with a more
experience but a untrained white division. The switch resulted in a
disaster. The black troops were trained to go around the creator
following the explosion. The white troops went into the creator instead
of going around it and suffered heavy casualties. General Grant sent the
black troops into the creator to save the white troops but the element
of surprise was lost. Black troops pushed the rebel line back but
suffered heavy losses when the rebels were reinforced. General Grant was
called by Congress to come to Washington and explain.

“
Earlier in his testimony Grant had said: "General Burnside wanted to put
his colored division in front, and I believe, if he had done so, it
would have been a success."

Henry Pleasants, Inferno at Petersburg, p163

Battle of the Crater, Authors
Collection

General Grant took the blame for the
failure of the attack on his decision to switch black troops for white
troops. The Joint Committee agreed with General Grant and suggested that
black troops should be used in advance if dictated by the situation.

"Your Committee desire to say that, in the statement of facts and
conclusions which they present in their report, they wish to be
distinctly understood as in no degree censuring the conduct of the
troops engaged in this assault. While they confidently believe that the
selection of the division of colored troops by General Burnside to lead
the assault was, under the circumstances, the best that could have been
made, they do not intend thereby to have it inferred that the white
troops of the Ninth Corps are behind any troops in the service in those
qualities which have placed our volunteer troops before the world as
equal, if not superior to any known to modern warfare."

I
Henry Pleasants, inferno at Petersburg, , p163-164

General Grant also testified that he
switched the use of black troops for white troops in the battle to avoid
excessive losses of black troops. A more plausible reason is that
General Grant's white troops suffered over 40,000 casualties (The Battle
of the Wilderness) on the way to Petersburg just two month earlier.
Letting black troops carry the ball into the end zone because they may
be better, could have been too humiliating to accept.