Ancient Egypt Facts & Worksheets

From 3150 B.C. to 30 B.C., Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest and most powerful civilizations in the world.

Download the Ancient Egypt Facts & Worksheets

Click the button below to get instant access to these worksheets for use in the classroom or at a home.

Download This Worksheet

This download is exclusively for KidsKonnect Premium members!To download this worksheet, click the button below to signup (it only takes a minute) and you'll be brought right back to this page to start the download!

Edit This Worksheet

Editing resources is available exclusively for KidsKonnect Premium members.To edit this worksheet, click the button below to signup (it only takes a minute) and you'll be brought right back to this page to start editing!

This worksheet can be edited by Premium members using the free Google Slides online software. Click the Edit button above to get started.

Not ready to purchase a subscription? Click to download the free sample version Download sample

Download This Sample

This sample is exclusively for KidsKonnect members!To download this worksheet, click the button below to signup for free (it only takes a minute) and you'll be brought right back to this page to start the download!

From 3150 B.C. to 30 B.C., Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest and most powerful civilizations in the world. Scholars often divide the golden history of ancient Egypt into three kingdoms namely the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom.

See the fact file below for more information on the Ancient Egypt or alternatively, you can download our 28-page Ancient Egypt worksheet pack to utilise within the classroom or home environment.

Key Facts & Information

GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY

Like other ancient civilizations, Egypt was established along a rich body of water. The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It is located in northeast Africa and flows through several countries until it connects with the Mediterranean Sea.

During the ancient times, Egypt was divided into two regions – the Upper and Lower Egypt – in relation to the flow of the Nile River. Moreover, ancient Egyptians devised a seasonal calendar based on the river as well. Akhet refers to the flooding season, Peret for growing season, and Shemu for the season of harvest.

Since Egypt is mostly surrounded by deserts, it is the Nile River that provided the people with fertile land, building materials, and a transportation route.

The fertile soil along the Nile River made growing crops like papyrus, wheat, and flax easy.

Ancient Egyptians called the Nile “Aur”, which means ‘black’ from the rich black soil produced every flooding season.

The mud from the riverbanks was also used by ancient Egyptians to make sun dried bricks. Moreover, they quarried limestone from the hills near the river.

Being one of the oldest and longest surviving civilizations in the history of the world, ancient Egypt is outlined by Dynasties and Kingdoms.

For over three thousand years, ancient Egypt was ruled by over 30 dynasties from the Ptolemaic Dynasty set by the Greeks until the famous pharaohs who built some of Egypt’s most historic architecture.

Scholars also divided the history of ancient Egypt through kingdoms or periods. The Old Kingdom lasted for 400 years from 2575 B.C. to 2150 B.C. and was ruled by the Third until Sixth Dynasty. It was during this kingdom that a strong centralized government was established.

The Third Dynasty was founded by pharaoh Djoser who divided the land into nomaes (states) headed by a nomarch (governor). It was under Djoser that the pyramid of Giza was built and the Great Sphinx during the Fourth dynasty.

In 1975 B.C., the Middle Kingdom emerged when the pharaoh succeeded in uniting the states again into one central government. When Mentuhotep became king of southern Egypt, he invaded the north which eventually united Egypt into one. It is sometimes called the Period of Reunification.

The New Kingdom, also known as the golden age of ancient Egypt, emerged from 1520 B.C. and lasted until 1075 B.C.

It was during the New Kingdom when famous pharaohs including Ramses II, Thutmose III, Hatshepsut, Tutankhamun, and Akhenaten ruled. These pharaohs launched expeditions and invasion of lands including Kush, Nubia, modern-day Israel, Lebanon, and Syria. Accompanying land expansion was gaining wealth and trade goods from many parts of the ancient world.

As a result, numerous and massive temples for the gods were built including the Temple of Luxor, Temple of Karnak, and Temple of Hatshepsut.

PEOPLE AND CULTURE

The supreme ruler of ancient Egypt was called a pharaoh. Pharaohs are like kings and emperors. They were considered descendants of gods who ruled both political and religious affairs in the kingdom. The Queen of Egypt or the Great Royal Wife also shared great power and could rule in the absence of the pharaoh.

Akhenaten was known for saying that there was only one god, the sun god. He was the husband of Nefertiti and son of the famous pharaoh King Tut.

At the age of 9, Tutankhamun, simply known as King Tut, became the pharaoh of Egypt. He was known for gaining treasures during his rule as well as the excavation of his tomb.

Also known as the lady pharaoh, Hatshepsut is considered as one of the greatest pharaohs in ancient Egypt. She originally served as a regent for her son, but later ruled on her own. Hatshepsut reinforced the power of women in the ancient times.

Ramses II or the Great Ramses ruled Egypt for 67 years and was known to have built more monuments and statues than any other pharaoh.

Cleopatra was another powerful woman who ruled Egypt during its last days. She was known in history for making alliances with the Romans, including Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony.

Pharaohs were the only people in ancient Egypt allowed to wear a headdress with the goddess cobra on it.

Under the leadership of the pharaoh was a vizier or Chief Overseer of the Land, like Imhotep who was credited for architecturing the first pyramid and was made into a god.

Under the vizier were nomarchs or governors who were in charge of the nome or states. They were often appointed by the pharaohs and sometimes placed through inheritance of the position.

In order to support the government, citizens paid taxes.

One of the main cultural features of ancient Egypt was their belief in life after death. Through the process of mummification, they prolonged the existence of the dead’s physical body through embalming. As part of preserving the body, a kind of crystal substance called natron is rubbed inside and on the body. Vital organs are removed except the heart while the body is wrapped in linen and placed in a stone tomb called a sarcophagus.

Among the most famous and well-preserved mummies were King Tut and Ramses II, which were entombed in the Valley of Kings.

In relation to the afterlife, ancient Egyptians collected written spells in the Book of the Dead. It comprises over 190 chapters written in hieroglyphics on papyrus sheets.

Ancient Egyptians practiced polytheism meaning they have multiple gods and goddesses representing natural elements of the world including the sun (Ra), underworld (Osiris), and sky (Horus).

In ancient Egypt, both men and women wore makeup. They usually decorated their eyes with kohl or black paint and covered their skin with oils.

ANCIENT TECHNOLOGY

Ancient Egyptians invented their own writing system called hieroglyphics. They were very good at keeping records in order to maintain control of the empire.

Most text and religious records were written on papyrus sheets made from fibers of a plant of the same name. They even traded this invention with the ancient Greeks.

Ship building was an industry of communities near the Nile River. They began building small boats made of papyrus reeds. Later on, they built large ships out of cedar wood from Lebanon. Moreover, wealthy Egyptians built funeral boats because they believed that the dead needed a boat for the journey to the afterlife.

Ancient Egyptians are probably most famous for their pyramids built with deep understanding of mathematics and architecture.

Abu Simbel: The Great Temple of Ramesses II is on the left and the Small Temple of Nefertari is on the right.

Ancient Egypt Worksheets

This is a fantastic bundle which includes everything you need to know about Ancient Egypt across 28 in-depth pages. These are ready-to-use Ancient Egypt worksheets that are perfect for teaching students about the Ancient Egypt (from 3150 B.C. to 30 B.C) which was one of the greatest and most powerful civilizations in the world. Scholars often divide the golden history of ancient Egypt into three kingdoms namely the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom.

Complete List Of Included Worksheets

Ancient Egypt Facts

The Great House

Immortality in Ancient Egypt

Crack the Code

Social Classes

Egyptian Clothing

Deities of Egypt

The River Nile

Chronological Dynasties

Ancient Egyptian Terms

Secrets of the Afterlife

Link/cite this page

If you reference any of the content on this page on your own website, please use the code below to cite this page as the original source.

These worksheets have been specifically designed for use with any international curriculum. You can use these worksheets as-is, or edit them using Google Slides to make them more specific to your own student ability levels and curriculum standards.