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(2) Outline information system: definition, way of integrated a construction virtual organization information technology vs. information system information systems in the new economy role of information technology in designing

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(9) Information systems in the information businesses Traditional IS: –support management –support non-core, non value adding activities IS in the new economy: –information is the product –IS used to make the product, not only to manage or support its production core business construction planning design finance accounting human resources sales and marketing

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(10) Information Technology, computer science (IT) information systems are implemented using IT Information technology: something which includes equipment, applications, and services that are used by organisations to deliver data, information, and knowledge to individuals and processes The term "computer science" is usually reserved for the more theoretical, academic aspects of computing, while the vaguer terms "information systems" (IS) or "information services" may include more of the human activities and non-computerised business processes like knowledge management. Others say that IT includes computer science. [foldoc]foldoc

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(11) Information technology: More definitions technologies that deliver data, information and knowledge to individuals or processes [turk] –traditional methods (drawings, speech, p-mail) –electronic methods something which includes equipment, applications, and services that are used by organisations to deliver data, information, and knowledge to individuals and processes (Mentor, 1997)

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(12) Challenges of IS in AEC: one-of-a-kind products one-of-a-kind process one-of-a-kind group of partners computers are good at repetitive tasks IT pays if it can be applied to many similar problems

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(13) Further challenges different levels of IT literacy high performance concrete consultant subcontractor generally low IT literacy office programs drafting? internet?? bad environment for technology transfer conservative industry - little innovation of core knowledge life time learning not practiced working on many projects at once, pressing deadlines

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(20) New economy is information economy the product is information ! information? –you can write it in bits and bytes –you can put it on a CD-ROM movies, music, books, printed media, web sites and also...

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(24) Architecture (engineering) architecture is about designing architecture is an information business what is designing? –designing... the process –design … the result

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(25) Three theories of designing, three roles of IT research process –designing is search in a predefined set of possible solutions creative process –that predefined set does not exist –designing is in the "aha" moment reflection in action –designing is the conversation with media and community assistant –does the search tool –hopefully does not stand in the way too much –cannot do design media –provides communication channels

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(26) 1 - What is designing Simon: designing is a process of changing existing situations into preferred ones. how?

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(27) 1- Traditional view on designing there is a (predefined) space of potential solutions designing is a search in the space of solutions –synthesis – creating alternatives –analysis – evaluating alternatives

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(29) 1- Design is a research process Because it includes experiments such as: –exploration... see what follows –move testing... deliberate action with an end in mind –hypothesis testing... discrimination against competing hypotheses but: scientific research is about finding new general truths design is about transforming one current situation into a preferred one

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(31) 2- Alternative view on designing pre-reflective actions, results of throwness into the situation (Heidegger) observation of the problem as a whole The essence of intelligence is to act appropriately when there is no simple pre- definition of the problem or the space of states in which to search for a solution creative design!

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(32) 2-Computerized support difficult, because: –software predefines a solution set - only certain kinds of designs can be done with a program –software detaches human from the real world, barrier between real world and a person software design issues –software that does not stand in the way between the designer and being in the world –software that does not predefine a solution space –software that does not cause blindness

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(38) Three theories of designing, three roles of IT research process –designing is search in a predefined set of possible solutions creative process –that predefined set does not exist –designing is in the "aha" moment reflection in action –designing is the conversation with media and community assistant –does the search tool –hopefully does not stand in the way too much –cannot do design media –provides communication channels