All (bar ice bucket challenge which was started by a person, not a charity) are promotional fundraising events designed to raise awareness & start conversations about issues the charity campaigns for. They will be doing everything they can to get the participants to raise & return the money but unfortunately can't force them too.

With the rise of social media & the inability to do something altruistic without making a song & dance about it, people will sign up to take part & do it so they feel they've made a difference but actually, haven't. Or, their contribution barely covers the sign up pack.

Despite this, charities still make money though from those that do it 'properly'

I cba looking up the others but the thing is about Movember type stuff, as a charity, once the event is set, even if only half the people doing it are doing it to donate, you've still made a bunch of money.

I appreciate some things are about raising awareness and some people will do Dryathlon for the sake of their liver, but these are relatively cheap ways for charities to raise money, sure. And much less annoying than blanket junk mail!