Research

Nursery and landscape industries contribute around $147 billion each year to the U.S. economy and support over 600,000 workers. Over the last 20 years, public demand for high-quality ornamental plants has more than tripled, with more than $20 billion spent each year at retail and mail order stores on plants and associated products for lawns, parks, urban forests, golf courses, and athletic fields.

Concerns about environmental and human health risks have led to restrictions on many available insecticides and fungicides. For example, there are critical concerns about the impacts of insecticides on honey bees and native pollinators. In addition, heavy use of pesticides also increases the potential that pests and pathogens will develop resistance. For examples, golf courses along the East Coast have populations of annual bluegrass weevils that are resistant to pyrethroid insecticides.

Nurseries, greenhouses, landscapers, homeowners, and state agencies embrace IPM as an environmentally sensitive and economical approach combining natural plant resistance with available control tactics. These include monitoring, thresholds, biorational insecticide use, and judicious conventional insecticide use. Conserving pollinators and beneficial insects are vital part of IPM.