The Us Financial Crisis and Bangladesh

The devastation left by the recent financial crisis can easily be compared with the natural disasters that visit Bangladesh so often. Lehman Brothers is no more; Merrill Lynch and Bear Stearns suffered a huge loss and forced to sell themselves; AIG, Frannie Mae, and Freddie Mac sought refuge in nationalization. USA’s last two investment banks Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley threw their towel and converted themselves to holding companies. The investment banking arena will never look the same again. Unfortunately the woe does not end here. American money-market fund the safest of safe investments has reported a loss (first time since 1994). If investors flee the money markets for treasuries, banks will lose funding and the contagion will suck in hedge funds and corporations.

The recent turmoil has been blamed on the sub-prime mess. These relatively unregulated financial institutions’ greed has led to their downfall. What these “hedge-fund operators, leveraged buy-out boys and whiz-kid quants” have created is a financial Frankenstein. They have created loans for borrowers, who in real life do not qualify for them because of their poor credit ratings and low incomes. The risk of these loans have been passed on to investors around the world who are eager to buy securities carrying higher yields rather than those offered by safer investments such as US treasury bonds. According to an article by Knowledge @ Wharton “Mortgage-backed securities are created by assembling thousands of loans into bundles and creating a series of bonds that pass borrowers' principal and interest payments on to the bond owners. Typically, there is a series of bonds of increasing degrees of risk reflecting the borrowers' creditworthiness. The riskier bonds pay the highest yields but are the first to lose value if borrowers fall behind in payments.” The…...

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To understand the whole current situation, we have to look back in the 80s and 90s when the deregulation started. Deregulation means lowering the laws and restrictions voted by the government, which lowers the government control over how business is done, between who and who.
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K.A.S. Murshid
BROTEE
July 19, 2009
The author would like to gratefully acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Anwara Begum, Research Fellow, BIDS and Mr. Zabid Iqbal, Research Associate, BIDS. The author is a Research Director, BIDS.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (TBC)
I Introduction
The world economy is currently experiencing the worst global financial crisis since the Great Depression. While major world economies have taken a massive hit resulting in negative growth rates in key countries or regions, including the US, EU and Japan, the contagion also spread to emerging developing countries like China, Brazil, India and South Africa, as well as to the countries of South East Asia and Latin America. The magnitude of impact seems to depend on the extent of integration with the rest of the world (or to use World Bank jargon, the extent of liberalization that has taken place). The impact on LDCs like Bangladesh has been muted in the first, and even the second round. However, there is growing evidence that third round impacts are making themselves felt, manifested in declining exports, declining migration of labour, growing number of sick industries, industrial unrest, and reduced growth. There are also fears that poverty and unemployment may be exacerbated and MDG targets could become jeopardized.
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The 2007-2009 financial crisis started as a sub-prime crisis in the United States (US). The Wall Street, driven for higher profits and low federal fund rate in home ownership began lending to sub-primes (Whalley et al, 2009). The mortgage loans were then re-packaged into financial instruments and sold to investors globally. When the housing prices declined in 2006, sub-primes defaulted on their mortgage loans as the values of their houses depreciated. These non-performing loans grew in sizes and led to the collapse of the mortgage loan market and collateralised debt obligations, leaving banks and financial institutions with lower net worth (Bianco, 2008). Due to the interconnected economies, the impact of the crisis spread beyond the US and resulted in a global financial crisis.
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GDP:
GDP growth (%):
Considering that China’s GDP was only a third of the USA’s, its fiscal stimulus package size was significant in comparison to USA and UK, where the stimulus package were only 6% and 1.4% of their respective GDP (Fleet, 2010).. Hu Jintao committed at the G20 summit meeting held in London in November 2008 to provide international financial......

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THE GFC AND ITS AFFECTS
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ISSN 2383-9449
Fumitaka Furuoka, Beatrice Lim, Catherine Jikunan and Lo May Chiun (2012)
Economics Crisis and Response:
Case Study of Malaysia’s Responses to Asian Financial Crisis
Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia Vol. 11, No. 1: 43-56
Journal abbreviation: J. Contemp. East. Asia
Stable URL: http://eastasia.yu.ac.kr/documents/Fumitaka_11_1.pdf
www.JCEA-Online.net
Open Access Publication
Creative Commons License Deed
Attribution-No Derivative Works 3.0
Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia, Volume 11, No.1: 43-56
http://dx.doi.org/10.17477/jcea.2012.11.1.043
Economics Crisis and Response:
Case Study of Malaysia’s Responses to Asian Financial Crisis
Fumitaka Furuoka, Beatrice Lim, Catherine Jikunan and Lo May Chiun
The paper chooses the “Asian Financial Crisis” as a case study to examine its impact on Malaysian economy and describes how Malaysian government responded to the crisis. It also focuses
on the Asian financial crisis’ impact on the employment of banking sector in Malaysia. In the
finance, insurance, real estate and business service sector, a number of 6,596 workers were retrenched. Banks were forced into mergers and acquisition as well as downsizing, trim lean, organizational changes and introduction of new technologies. Excess workers were offered a “voluntary separation scheme.” These retrenched workers became the urban poor facing high cost of
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1.......

...Introduction
Global financial crisis started when sub prime mortgage market of United States collapsed. Since the global financial crisis took place, many developed and developing countries have been going through recession. It was believed that ongoing global financial crisis will not affect Bangladesh economy as badly as it can to other developed economy because economy of Bangladesh is not so dependent on international capital or foreign investment. But, still there are and will be some shocks of ongoing global financial crisis available for Bangladesh economy. So, Bangladesh economy will be affected by global financial crisis. Global financial crisis might reduce overseas job opportunities and export earnings. Global financial crisis may turn into a recession. Economy of developing countries including Bangladesh is already going through recession. Bangladesh is a low income country. If global financial crisis continuous then economy of Bangladesh will be suffering. Negative impacts of global financial crisis are beginning to show on the increasingly globalizing economy of Bangladesh. Export growth rate of Bangladesh has turned negative. Export of non-apparels items is being reduced. Depreciation of currencies by competing countries caused erosion of Bangladesh’s competitive strength in the global market. Remittance earnings could be badly affected in near future because number of job seekers going abroad halved as some countries either revoked or have stopped issuing...