Oh Paaduka! As kings' crowns all assembled and
crowded around You,touching the golden ones
acquired, in an additional sense,
'Kalyanatwa' (=goldness and auspiciousness)

Special Notes from Sri. U.Ve. V. Sadagopan

(1) Sri UtthamUr Swamy's anubhavam: Here, Swamy
Desikan plays with the double meaning ofthe word
"KalyANA " . This word can mean either "auspicious
or Golden " . Swamy Says: " Oh Raaghava PpadhukE !
When the golden crowns of the prostrating kings touched
You duirng their prostrations , they became auspicious
once more.Before coming into contact with You ,
they were merely golden (kalyANA) ; after making contact
with You , they became auspicious (kalyANA). They were
thus doubly blessed by offering worship to You .

(2) Srimath Andavan's anubhavam : The PaadhukA sambhandham
made the golden crowns of the prostrating Kings auspicious.
The inner meaning is that even the virtuous ones
(puNyasAlis) attain auspiciousness (KshEmam)
after AchArya Sambhandham .

(3) Swamy describes the poorva (before ) and
the utthara states of the Crowns as the kings
prostrated before the sacred PaadhukAs
of the Lord seated on the BhadhrAsanam ( throne).
Prior to coming into contact with the Paadhukais ,
the crowns had kalyANathvam ( the nature of being Gold );
after the sparsam (touch ) of the Paadhukai , the crowns
went beyond being just golden and attained the greatest
state of auspiciousness ( KalyANathvam)..V.S

Oh Paaduka! Bharata thwarted the white umbrella
(the Royal insignia),that was secured for him
by Dasharatha. But now, when that umbrella stands
at Your command, its lustre and shade are
bestowed on Bharata himself!

Special Notes from Sri. U.Ve. V. Sadagopan

(1) Sri UtthamUr Swamy's anubhavam : In the previous verse ,
Swami Desikan referred to those , who asked for blessings
and received them from the PaadhukAs . Here , Swamy focuses
on those , who get the blessings even without asking for them
and illustrates this situation happening in the case of
BharathA . Swamy Says in this context : " Oh Gem-bedecked
PaadhukE ! BharathA refused the white umbrella that
symbolized the Emperorship. He did not want the empire
that really belonged to RaamA. Even if he rejected the white
umbrella and the kingdom, the full shade of that royal
insignia fell on BharathA , when he held that umbrella
over the Paadhukai resting on the throne. When he protected
You from the Sun , Your protection extended its reach
over Your servant , BharathA ".

(2) Srimath Andavan's anubhavam: The inner meaning is that
when a sishyan is utterly detatched from the various desires ,
then the AchAryAs and PerumAl shower that sishyan with
all types of wealth even if he did not ask for them .

(3) When BharathA placed the Paadhukais on the back of
the royal elephant for its journey to the capital
and held the royal , white umbrella (paaNDram aathapathram )
over them for protection against the Sun , the blessings
of that umbrella provided total shade to Bharathan
as well (samagrA chAyA aaseeth ).Bharathan did not
seek the power of that umbrella for himself and yet
the blessings of Paadhukai extended that protection
from the umbrella for him ..V.S

Oh Twin-Paadukas! Rama departed on His march to the woods
unexpectedly; after giving You both to Bharata,
He proceeded further enthusiastically. Both of You
could not follow Him though You wished, But then
You returned to receive the Royal throne of
the Kosala country which you ably protected.
(It looks as though You were representatives
of the two brothers.)

Special Notes from Sri. U.Ve. V. Sadagopan

(1)Sri UtthamUr Swamy's anubhavam : Oh Raama PaadhukE !
Just as BharathA acquired the benefit of the royal
insignia( shade of the white umbrella )accidentally ,
You also got authority over the Kosala KIngdom
suddenly. RaamA was on His way to DhaNdakAraNyam
with You . Unexpectedly , BharathA arrived at
ChithrakUtam and begged for Your Lord's return
to AyOdhya . Right there, without any premeditation ,
RaamA appointed You as His representative to rule
the earth with abundant wealth and asked You
to return to AyOdhya with Bharathan .That is how You
acquired the Lordship over Kosala nation .

(2) Srimath Andavan's anubhavam : Oh PadhukE !
Raaman left suddenly for the Forest . At that time
of chaos , You accepted responsibility for protecting
the kingdom and its anxious citizens. The inner meaning is
that sadAchAryAs do not give up one , even if PerumAL stays
away from them .

(3)The beauty of the choice of words by Swamy
Desikan here to celebrate the protection given by
the Paadhukais to the Raajyam is very moving :
" YuvAm aadhirAjyam adhigamya Vasumatheem
AKSHATHAM ARAKSHATHAM "."Akshatham " means
without any blemish; " arakshatham " means
protected (i-e) the kingdom and the citizens
were protected without any failing . The genius
of Swamy Desikan in his choice of words is
astounding ...V.S

Oh Paaduka! There is a feeling that You, by reason of
contact with Rama's Feet are one of the paraphernalia of
the Lord (like the umbrella, the chamaras etc.). But
then how could You have the umbrella, the chamaras etc.
to stand in attendance? (No: You are like the Lord)

Special Notes from Sri. U.Ve. V. Sadagopan

(1) Sri UtthamUr Swamy's anubhavam: Oh PaadhukE !
You can not be considered as an object of enjoyment
and service , because you are worn by RaamA on His feet.
In this respect, You are quite different from
the umbrella and fans used for His service.
They are indeed objects of service. If this is not so ,
how can one explain the royal umbrella and the fans
becoming Your servants , when You ruled AyOdhyA as
a representative of RaamA . Therefore , You are
different from them and have become an object of
veneration in a class by Yourself.

(2) Srimath Andavan's anubhavam: The inner meaning
is that Swamy NammAzhwAr should not be linked to
the people of the World.He should be joined to
the PerumAL vargam ( Lord's group).Swamy NammAzhwar
was born in the Soodhra Vamsam originating
from the divine fett of the Cosmic Purushan
(Purusha sooktham ) and yet He was devoted to
performing the duties of an AchAryan (AachAryakam )
instead of the assigned duties prescribed in
the SaasthrAs for that Vamsam (i-e)performing
service to others (susrUshai ).

(3) Oh PaadhukE ! Although You are affiliated
with the sacred feet of the hero of the Raghu clan
( RAGHUVEERA PADHAANUSHANGAM ) , You can not be grouped
as one more service object of the Lord .One has only
to reflect upon what happened to the other service
objects (Fan, Umbrella et al) on the day You
accepted adhikAram as the ruler of the kingdom
in the name of Your Lord.On that day , Your differentiation
was spelled out as a result of the Fan and Umbrella et al
becoming Your servants (PARIVAARAA: BHABHUVA )...V.S

Oh Paaduka! During Your reign, Your court had,
as its members, sages like Vasishta. That higly
valued court was the market-place, so to say,
for anyone to 'sell or purchase' any goods.
People who seek the four goals of life would serve
You and secure their aspiration from You.

Special Notes from Sri. U.Ve. V. Sadagopan

(1) Sri UtthamUr Swamy's anubhavam: Here Swami Desikan
points out that the Lord's Paadhukais are able to confer
Dharma (righteousness), arthA (wealth) , KaamA ( objects
of desire) and mOkshA (salvation ) on its worshippers ,
just as its Lord. Swami Says: " Oh Golden PaadhukAs of
Sri RaamA ! When You were ordained to rule over Kosalaa
kingdom as the representative of RaamA , Sage VasishtA
and other holy men blessed You along with RaamA so that
You could confer on the citizens of Your kingdom all
the four purushArthams ( life's four goals) as desired
by them. Your boon-granting power in this regard equals
that of Your Lord Himself ".

(2) Srimath Andavan's anubhavam : Swami Desikan suggests that
the PaadhukA sevakAs bought and sold the four purushArthams
in the court of the Paadhukai . It was like the shoppers
coming to a city bring their goods and exchange them
for other things that they wish to have. The inner meaning is
that SadAchAryAs absorb (learn ) auspicious things from
great AchAryAs and bless their sishyAs with those upadEsams .

(3) Swamy Desikan uses the word "tadhAnIm " to bring
before our mind's eye a happening that took place
earlier at Chithrakootam during the occasion
of the PaadhukA's acceptance of ruling the kingdom
as the representative of its Lord .The kula purOhithar,
Sage VasishTA and his peers were there and blessed
simaltaneously Both RaamA and His Paadhukais .
The power of those blessings empowered the court of
the Paadhukais to become a market place for buying and
selling (kraya-vikraya pattaNam ) by the visitors to
the court , who desired to acquire the four
desired-for goals of Life ( PurushArtha -
chathushtyArthineenAm ) ...V.S

Oh Paaduka! the Lord could have achieved all he wished, with His one
form, that concealed
His swaroopa; yet He took the forms of Bharata, Shatrughna etc., only
for the purpose of
paying homage to You. (paying homage to You was so much cherished by
Rama.)

Special Notes from Sri. U.Ve. V. Sadagopan

(1) Sri UtthamUr Swamy's anubhavam: Oh PaadhukE !
You are even superior to Your Lord ! VishNu Bhagavaan
took the human forms (incarnated) as RaamA, BharathA ,
LakshmaNA and SatrugnA . Although He was quite
capable of destroying RaavaNA single handedly ,
He took the form of BharathA to offer worship
to You ". Here , Swami Desikan points out that
RaavaNA's boons prevented him from being killed
by VishNu or other Gods. RaavaNA could only be
killed by humans for whom he had no fear .Therefore ,
Lord VishNu incarnated as a human being , the son
of DasarathA . He did not need to manifest Himself
as BharathA and other brothers to complete His
mission to destroy RaavaNA . Swami Desikan wonders
whether He manifested Himself as BharathA and brethern
so that He could worship the PaadhukAs during
his incarnation as the son of King DasarathA.
(2) Srimath Andavan's anubhavam: Oh PaadhukE !
Lord VishNu incarnated as the four brothers,
Raama, LakshmaNa , Bharatha, Satrugnan . It
would have been enough , had Lord VishNu
incarnated as RaamA alone.He had however the desire
to celebrate the Paadhukais . Hence , He took
on the form of Bharathan. The inner meaning is
that the Lord has a desire to celebrate His
BhathAs through performance of AarAdhanam for
them . He has such a depth of affection for
His BhakthAs. Those who worship the BhaagavathAs
of the Lord are themselves equal to perumAL .
(3) Here Swamy Desikan speculates on why
Lord VishNu incarnated as the four sons of
King DasarathA instead of just as RaamA .
Swamy describes this phenemenon of Lord VishNu
taking on the form of BharathA and others
( BharathAdhibhEdham ). Lord VishNu had already
hidden His supreme status by incarnating as
mere human beings . Lord VishNu could have easily
killed His enemies in the form of RaamA alone
(yEkEna vapushA virOdhinAm nirAsE sakyEpi ) and
yet He took on the form of four brothers. Why
did Eesan (PerumAl) took more than one human
form such as BharathA ? Swamy Desikan points
out that the Lord was so fond of SatAri Soori
that He wanted to offer His worship to him in
the form of BharathA ( ThvAm svayam aaradhayithum
BharathAdhi-bhEdham abhajath)....V.S

Oh Rama-Paaduka! Bharata, carrying out Your orders,
won the enemy-rulers, who were kings of
Maghada, Anga, Kalinga, Vanga, and
the like; who were waiting to gain into
the Paaduka-kingdom through available chinks.

Special Notes from Sri. U.Ve. V. Sadagopan

(1) Sri UtthamUr Swamy's anubhavam: Here Swamy Desikan
describes the services rendered by Bharathan to
the sacred Paadhukais . Swamy says: " Oh PaadhukE !
Bharathan carried out Your orders out of reverence
for You and defeated the armies of MagadhA , AngA ,
KalingA and VangA kingdoms , which invaded AyOdhyA during
RaamA's absence .BharathA worshipped You and got
Your blessings and with that strength defeated
all those invading armies ".

(2) Srimath Andavan's anubhavam: Oh PadhukE ! Bharathan
conquered all the enemies of the kingdom at Your command.
The inner meaning is that One conquers all internal and
external enemies with the blessed katAksha-anugraham
of a SadAchAryan.

(3) The choice of salutation ,"Raghupungava PaadhukE " here
refers to the glory of the ever victorious Vijaya Raaghavan ,
the Master of the Paadhukais , who has been saluted
as RaNapungavan and Aahavapungan ( the top most expert
in battles) in ParamArtha Sthuthi of Swamy Desikan .
" BhavathyA: Saasanam udhvahan sann (Bharatha:) ---vimathAn
vijigyE " are the words of our AchAryan . "Saasanam "
means aaj~nai or command .Bharathan obeyed that command of
the Paadhukais , the ruler of the Kingdom , and defeated
the armies of the kings , which meant harm to the kingdom
of KosalA ...V.S

Oh Paaduka! You reigned as the Empress of the throne of
the Solar Dynasty, which cannot be managed by anyone else.
When the chief advisors enthroned You, the Devas guarding over
the eight directions, worshipped You as they would
Sri Mahalakshmi. Thus You are the veritable Lakshmi!

Special Notes from Sri. U.Ve. V. Sadagopan

(1) Sri UtthamUr Swamy's anubhavam: Here, Swamy Desikan
salutes the Lord's Paadhukai as Soorya Vamsa Raaja Lakshmi.
He points out that the Lords of the eight directions
(dhig PaalakAs) recognized this principle behind
the Paadhukai.He says that they recognized You as
PaadhukA Lakshmi protecting the wealth of Soorya Vamsam.
Swamy Desikan hints that Soorya Vamsa Raaja Lakshmi
will stay in the kingdom as long as the PaadhukAs
sat on the throne as the representative of
Lord RaamachandrA .

(2) Srimath Andavan's anubhavam :Oh Raghupathi PaadhukE !
When the kingdom of KosalA could not be ruled even by
wise ministers like Sumanthrar , You accepted the royal
duties in the name of Your Lord and sat on the throne
of the Raghus. The kings of the earth and the Lords
of the eight directions saw You then as saakshAth
MahA Lakshmi .The inner meaning is that the SadhAchAryan
appears to the devout sishyan as the embodiment of
Jn~Anam, anushtAnam , VairAgyam , KshamA and dayA .
Mahaa Lakshmi indeed incarnates as SadhAchAryALs.

(3)Swamy Desikan says here that the weight of
the solar dynasty could not be borne even by
the key ministers like Sumanthrar ( SooryavamsAdhi-
raajyam manthri mukyai: anitharavahaneeyam ); then ,
PaadhukA took over that burden of ruling the kingdom
and sat on the throne of the kings of the solar race.
At that time ,The dhigpaalakAs worshipped with ardour
the Paadhukai seatd on the gem-studded throne of Raghus as
MahA Lakshmi Herself ( LokapAlA: thvAm rathnapeeDE
Sriyamiva saadharam dadhrusu:)...V.S

Oh Paaduka! By avoiding the travel through Dandaka forest, You remained
on Rama's throne and effectively ensured the welfare of all the worlds,
eliminating from the whole earth, the complete lot of enemies.

Special Notes from Sri. U.Ve. V. Sadagopan

(1) Sri UtthamUr Swamy's anubhavam: Oh Lord's PaadhukE !
You did not take part in the travels through the DhaNDakA
forest. Had You accompanied Your Lord instead of sitting on
the throne of Kosala kings, the enemy kings of Vanga-Kalinga-
Anga-Maghadha desams would have succeded in their efforts
to defeat an orphaned nation. You defeated them instead
as the representative of Your Lord , while He was busy
destroying RaavaNA and his entourage. The two of You
working together freed the world from the enemies that
tormented it. It is indeed an excellent distribution of
labor between yourselves.

(2) Srimath Andavan's anubhavam: Oh PaadhukE !
When Your Lord was away for fulfilling His
avathAra KaaraNam , You sat on His behalf on
the throne of Kosala kings and showered the universe
with auspiciousness and freedom from fear of enemies.
The inner meaning is that the SadAchAryAs stay away
from the jungle of samsAram and shower on their
beloved sishyAs all auspiciousness through the conferral
of jn~Ana sampath and destroy their internal
and external enemies.

(3) Two things happened . One was the abandonment
of the travel by the PaadhukAs through DhaNDakA
forest ( parihrutha DhaNDaka adhva gamanam).The other
was the ascent on the gem-studded throne of
Raghupathy ( Raghupathy rathna-peeta adhirOhaNam).
The effect of these two acts were the whole world
being rid of enemy kings ( vasudhA valayam vyapagatha
vairi-bhUpa nilayam vidhadhE)....V.S

Oh Paaduka! Your rise removed the darkenss. You were virtually the
sun-rise
for the prosperity of the Manu race.

Special Notes from Sri. U.Ve. V. Sadagopan

(1) Sri UtthamUr Swamy's anubhavam: Here , Swamy Desikan
points out that SooryA Himself appeared as PaadhukAs and
the descendants of Soorya Vamsam served as the ministers of
the Paadhukais and thereby ruled the kingdom. He says:
" Oh gem-bedecked PaadhukE ! You rose as SooryA in the Manu
vamsam (SaavithrI) and removed the darkness as GayathrI .
Thou art indeed SaavithrI and GayathrI for the lineage of
Manu. With Your rising (acceptance of the duties of
the kingdom ), the citizens of KosalA kingdom got blessed
with unimaginable wealth and the lawlessness was totally
eliminated.

(2) Srimath Andavan's anubhavam: Oh PaadhukE ! When RaamA
went to the forest to fulfill the vow that He made to His
father, You accepted the responsibilities to rule the kingdom
and thus removed the deep sorrows of the citizens , just as
the rising Sun banishes the darkness of the night .The inner
meaning is that the darsana soubhAgyam of SadAchAryAs
banishes one's aj~nAnam and viparItha J~nAnam ,
just as Sunrise chases away the darkness of the night .

(3) In this last of the fourty slOkams of the sixth
paddhathi ( AdhikAra Parigraha Paddhathi ), Swami Desikan
salutes the Paadhukai as the veritable Sun sitting
on the throne of the Manu Vamsam kings (Savithu:
tanuriva kimapi). He states that the Paadhukais
chased away the sorrows (dark moods) of the citizens
of the Kosalaa kingdom like the rising sun removing
the darkness of the night ( tath tama: nirAkarOth)...V.S