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... 1984; Zhigunin 1984; Pavlenko 1997; 2002; Semenov 1999). Gurevich emphasizes that "the human thought cannot avoid dividing the historical process
into definite periods" (2005: 681). There is no doubt that periodization is a rather effective method of data ordering and analysis, but it deals with exc ...

... Lloyd 1983; Sylvester and Klotz 1983); however, there is a surprisingly small number of studies concerning these revolutions as recurrent phenomena, each of which represents an extremely important landmark in the history of humankind (e.g., Vasil'ev 1977:
8; Cipolla 1976b: 7; Gellner 1983, 1988). Wh ...

Mass production

Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines. With job production and batch production, it is one of the three main production methods.The term mass production was popularized by a 1926 article in the Encyclopedia Britannica supplement that was written based on correspondence with Ford Motor Company. The New York Times used the term in the title of an article that appeared before publication of the Britannica article.The concepts of mass production are applied to various kinds of products, from fluids and particulates handled in bulk (such as food, fuel, chemicals, and mined minerals) to discrete solid parts (such as fasteners) to assemblies of such parts (such as household appliances and automobiles).Mass production is a diverse field, but it can generally be contrasted with craft production or distributed manufacturing. It has occurred for centuries; there are examples of production methods that can best be defined as mass production that predate the Industrial Revolution. However, it has been widespread in human experience, and central to economics, only since the late 19th century.