The author argues that particular theories tend to harmonize with certain values and beliefs and to clash with others. Further, theories may reflect the dominant values of a certain culture or a time, not to mention those of individual theorists or groups of theorists. In exploring the nonscientific side of certain theories, the author begins by examining alternative general orientations to the world. These orientations, or values, are often expressed in such dichotomies as the world is changing/the world is stable, and the world is characterized by unity/the world is characterized by diversity. The author examines how these orientations are included in three organizational theories--Marxism, phenomenology, and the garbage can model. He then questions the epistemological and scientific adequacy of the three approaches. The author deplores shifts from curiosity and detachment toward ideology, and argues that theories and research should be aimed at warranted explanations, not at the vindication of ideological commitments. (Author/IRT)