Clear IAS Mains High Value Answer Writing: Test Series -22

This is question set #22 of ‘Clear IAS Mains High Value Answer Writing Test Series’. Mains High Value Answer Writing is a UPSC mains oriented program from ClearIAS.com that consists of 5 questions in each post, published around 8 pm every day. Each of the 5 questions are selected from 5 papers mentioned in UPSC Mains syllabus namely Essay, GS1, GS2, GS3 and GS4 (ethics). Selected questions of high probability to be asked UPSC mains are included in each of these mini tests. Aspirants can choose any question they wish to answer in the comment space provided below, specifying the question number and question topic.

Questions for Answer Writing – Selections for today:

GS 1 Paper: [India after independence/Jaya Prakash Narayan] – Jayaprakash Narayan left an indelible impression in the country’s post-Independence history by occupying a central place in its political affairs. Comment. (200 words)

GS 2 Paper: [Administrative Reforms] – The Administrative Reforms Commission or ARC is the committee appointed by the Government of India for giving recommendations for reviewing the public administration system of India. What were the key recommendations of 2nd ARC? Analyze the status of implementation of major recommendations. (200 words)

GS 3 Paper: [Environment/Climate Change] – Considering the rate of global warming, climate change is almost certain. Analyze how can India adapt to changing climate. What are the steps taken by the Government of India in this direction. (200 words)

GS 4 Paper: [Attitude] How important is attitude for a civil servant? Distinguish between moral and political attitudes. (200 words)

Rules and Regulations: Clear IAS Mains High Value Answer Writing

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PS: Aspirants can select any question they wish to answer in the comment space provided below specifying the question. Answering 3-4 questions, does not take much of your time. But for those who engage regularly in answer writing, the resultant score improvement in actual UPSC exam would be exponential.

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GS 1 Paper: [India after independence/Jaya Prakash Narayan] – Jayaprakash Narayan left an indelible impression in the country’s post-Independence history by occupying a central place in its political affairs. Comment. (200 words)

After India gained independence Jaya Prakash Narayan led his socialist group out of the Congress party in 1948 and later merged it with a Gandhian-oriented party to form the Peoples Socialist party. In 1954 he renounced party politics to follow the teachings of Vinoba Bhave.

Narayan had become convinced that lokniti should be non-partisan in order to build a consensus-based, classless, participatory democracy which he termed Sarvodaya. He believed that rest of India’s states would disintegrate if Kashmir was allowed its freedom.

Narayan returned to prominence in State politics in the late 1960s. In 1974, he led the student’s movement in the state of Bihar which gradually developed into a popular people’s movement known as the Bihar movement. Together with V. M. Tarkunde, he founded the Citizens for Democracy in 1974 and the People’s Union for Civil Liberties in 1976, both NGOs, to uphold and defend civil liberties.

When Indira Gandhi was found guilty of violating electoral laws , Narayan called for Indira to resign, and advocated a program of social transformation which he termed Sampoorna kraanti (Total Revolution). It was under JP’s guidance that the Janata Party was formed.

His reform movements called for party-less democracy,decentralization of power, village autonomy and a more representative legislature.

GS 3 Paper: [Environment/Climate Change] – Considering the rate of global warming, climate change is almost certain. Analyze how can India adapt to changing climate. What are the steps taken by the Government of India in this direction. (200 words)

Climate change poses risks to both humans and environment. The risks of climate change can be reduced and managed through adaptation and mitigation. India can adapt to it in following ways:
-mainstreaming of climate adaptation action into sub-national development planning
-early warning systems for cyclones, tsunami, heavy rainfall, floods
-integrated water resources management to conserve water by rain water harvesting, recycling of waste water
-agroforestry will promote afforestation
-coastal reforestation of mangroves will provide protection and shelter against extreme weather events and promote biodiversity
-Introduction of resilient crop varieties
-Existing and emerging economic instruments can foster adaptation by providing incentives
for anticipating and reducing impacts
-Urban planning to reduce heat islands and development of sustainable cities

The steps taken by the Government of India to deal with climate change are:
-Launched National Action Plan for Climate Change
-devolution of CAMPA funds for afforestation
-Transparency ensured by starting online submission of application for Environment and Forest Clearances successfully
-Setting up of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency and encouraging energy conservation and introduction of energy efficiency labelling.
-promoting use of renewable energy
-use of cleaner and lesser carbon intensive fuel for transport
-afforestation and conservation of forests
-promotion of clean coal technologies
-encouraging Mass Rapid Transport systems
-environmental quality management for all sectors
-National Adaptation Fund to be initiated and setting up National Centre for Himalayan Studies for conserving ecology.

GS 3 Paper: [Environment/Climate Change] – Considering the rate of global warming, climate change is almost certain. Analyze how can India adapt to changing climate. What are the steps taken by the Government of India in this direction. (200 words)

Industrial Development after mid 20th century made a way for emissions of green house gases and currently it has reached to the level of 440 parts per million, an acceptable limit. This increase in these harmful gases is leading to the warming of the Earth which sustains life. Now the imprints of this development can be seen in terms of climate change leading to the uncertainty in precipitation patterns, flooding in coastal areas, frequent droughts etc. All these implications of climate change have adverse impact on the agricultural productivity, food security, ecosystem and biodiversity etc.and these impacts are more prominent in the developing and least developed countries, specially Indian Subcontinent where People are becoming “Environmental Refugees”.

India is affected by climatic changes; to sustain in such conditions India should adopt multi-pronged strategy so that direct implications can be avoided and in future emission levels can be decreased to the level of pre-industrial era. By growing more Rain fed crops like millets, agro-productivity can be maintained with less water and other resources like pesticides which are not good for environment. By doing so, food security as well as nutritional security can be achieved. Focus should be on renewable resources, as fossil fuels are the main cause for global warming and putting heavy pressure on the budget also. Bio diesel, bio fertilizers, Organic Farming and many other things can be done to decrease carbon emission.

Indian government is doing best possible things to adapt in the situation of climate change. Many steps are being taken to achieve sustainable socio-economic development. Some step are as follows:
– Setting up of solar parks and announcement of new solar parks to be set up in Rajasthan and Leh (Jammu and Kashmir).
– Focusing on Water ways for trade and commerce, and newly formed Government is doing in right direction to connect rivers for this purpose.
-Nuclear energy policy is striving to generate clean energy to decrease over dependency on fossils.
– Emphasizing on Organic Farming.
-Prime Minister of India clearly gave the message to industrialist for “Zero Defect and Zero Effect” showing spirit of Greener Development.

To maintain this Green Planet, only Governmental action are not efficient; to develop sustainably, global public participation is needed with visionary zeal and missionary flare.

Jayaprakash Narayan left an indelible impression in the country’s post-Independence history by occupying a central place in its political affairs. Comment. (200 words)
Ans
Jayprakash Narayan (JP) was trained as a sociologist and had belief in Marxist philosophy. Though participating actively in freedom struggle, he gave up active politics after Independence.
He returned to active politics in 1960. His ideals were Gandhian and he wanted to establish a socialist system with party-less democratic system and self-governing villages.
In 1974, inflation was high and there was rampant unemployment in the country. Student protests had risen up in Gujarat (Nav-nirmal andolan) and JP was requested by the students to lead them. He led the movement and rose up as the leader of the masses. Further student protests occurred in Bihar aswell in which JP was called as the Lok Nayak for his leadership. The demand in Bihar was for dissolving the legislative assembly and holding for fresh elections. Later the demand was made for ‘total revolution’.
The famous court hearing which found then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi guilty of using state machinery for her election campaign, further aggravated people against the government. JP called for the Police and Military to disregard unconstitutional and immoral order of the government; and for Indira and MPs to resign. This led to the application of National Emergency.
In 1977 when emergency was lifted, JP had emerged as a popular leader and congress was defeated.
In his leadership many students had taken up politics, some of these (including Lalu Prasad Yadav, Nitish Kumar, Shushil Kumar Modi) were to later emerge as political leaders of national importance.

GS 3PAPER[ Environment /climate change ] – Considering the rate of global warming, climate change is almost certain. Analyze how can India
adapt to changing climate. What are the steps taken by the govt of india in this direction.

Ans – CAUSES GLOBAL WARMING
Carbon dioxide and other air pollution that is collecting in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun’s heat and causing the planet to warm up. Coal-burning power plants are the largest U.S. source of carbon dioxide pollution — they produce 2.5 billion tons every year. Automobiles, the second largest source, create nearly 1.5 billion tons of CO2 annually.
Yes. Although local temperatures fluctuate naturally, over the past 50 years the average global temperature has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history. And experts think the trend is accelerating: the 10 hottest years on record have all occurred since 1990. Scientists say that unless we curb global warming emissions, average U.S. temperatures could be 3 to 9 degrees higher by the end of the century.

WARMER TEMPERATURES CAUSING BAD THINGS TO HAPPEN
Global warming is already causing damage in many parts of the United States. In 2002, Colorado, Arizona and Oregon endured their worst wildfire seasons ever. The same year, drought created severe dust storms in Montana, Colorado and Kansas, and floods caused hundreds of millions of dollars in damage in Texas, Montana and North Dakota. Since the early 1950s, snow accumulation has declined 60 percent and winter seasons have shortened in some areas of the Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington.Of course, the impacts of global warming are not limited to the United States. In 2003, extreme heat waves caused more than 20,000 deaths in Europe and more than 1,500 deaths in India. And in what scientists regard as an alarming sign of events to come, the area of the Arctic’s perennial polar ice cap is declining at the rate of 9 percent per decade.
• Melting glaciers, early snowmelt and severe droughts will cause more dramatic water shortages in the American West.
• Rising sea levels will lead to coastal flooding on the Eastern seaboard, in Florida, and in other areas, such as the Gulf of Mexico.
• Warmer sea surface temperatures will fuel more intense hurricanes in the southeastern Atlantic and Gulf coasts.
• Forests, farms and cities will face troublesome new pests and more mosquito-borne diseases.
• Disruption of habitats such as coral reefs and alpine meadows could drive many plant and animal species to extinction.

CAN WE CUT GLOBAL WARMING POLLUTION

First, is all nations must use less of the fossil fuels — especially coal, oil, and gasoline.
Second, the nations of the world must negotiate a climate change treaty with legally binding limits on emissions of heat-trapping gases. And few more points are –
Reduce Gasoline Consumption for Transportation
Preserve and Plant Forests
Decrease Methane in the Atmosphere
Continue to Phase Out CFCs
Slow Down Population Growth