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Loop

Details

LOOP's :-

In programming sometime we require to execute a set of instruction more from one time . For this purpose " C " provide loops . In loop , we can execute set of instruction with or without any changes . It also prevent the repetition of the same instruction & make compact code .

C provide three type of Loops :-

while Loop :-

while loop is generally use in problem where it is not known in advance that how many time the loop execute.while loop is a Pre-test loop ie. Firstly the condition is check , if it give Non-zero result so-only the statement block is executed . Otherwise it leave the statement block .

Syntax :- while(condition){

statement block

}

Working :- The while loop follow the following steps .

First it check the condition .If the condition give Non-Zero result so the statement-block execute & repeat the first step .If the condition give Zero as result so it leave the statement-block inside the loop & execute rest of the instructions .

Þ In while loop we can use any type of valid expression & the statement-block execute only if the expresssion return a Non-Zero result .while(expression){ statement block}

EXPRESSION

Non-Zero = TRUE

Zero = FALSE

1)

while( 1 )

{

}

1)

while( 0 )

{

}

2)

int i=5 ;

while(i)

{

}

2)

int i=0 ;

while(i)

{

}

3)

int i ;

while(i = 8)

{

}

3)

int i ;

while(i = 0)

{

}

4)

int i ;

while( i = 1 + 4)

{

}

4)

int i ;

while( i = 5 - 5)

{

}

5)

int i=8;

float j=8.0;

while(i == j)

{

}

5)

int i=8 ;

float j=8.5 ;

while(float (i == j))

{

}

6)

int i=8 ;

while( i >=5 && i <= 10 )

{

}

6)

int i=8 ;

while( i >= 1 && i <=5 )

{

}

for Loop :- This is most popular Pre-test loop . It is popular because it provide three benifits to the user . It allow us To ®Initialise the Counter variable .®Test the condition ®Increment/Decrement the Counter variable .

For this reason , " for " loop is more popular among user .

Syntax :-

for(initialise ; condition ; Increment ){ statement-block}

for ----> Keyword (Reserve word)initialise ----> here we give Initial Value to the Counter variablecondition ----> here we can use Condition or any type valid expressionIncrement ----> here we can Increment or Decrement the Counter variable

Working :- The for loop work as .

Firstly it initialise the counter variable .The loop check the Condition .If the condition is true ie. give Non-Zero result , it execute the statement-block , Increment the Counter variable , & repeat the second step .If the condition is false ie. give Zero as result , it leave the statement-block inside the loop & execute the rest of the instruction .

Þ In for loop we can use it in any way , for leaving the space Blank . BUT the syntax must be same .

for( ; ; ){ statement-block}

Þ In for loop we can also use any type of valid expression & the statement-block execute only if the expresssion return a Non-Zero result .

for(initialise ; expression ; increment){ statement block}

EXPRESSION

Non-Zero = TRUE

Zero = FALSE

1)

for( ; 1 ; )

{

}

1)

for( ; 0 ; )

{

}

2)

int i=5 ;

for( ; i ; )

{

}

2)

int i=0 ;

for( ; i ; )

{

}

3)

int i ;

for( ; i = 8 ; )

{

}

3)

int i ;

for( ; i = 0 ;)

{

}

4)

int i ;

for( ; i = 1 + 4 ; )

{

}

4)

int i ;

for( ; i = 5 - 5 ; )

{

}

5)

int i=8;

float j=8.0;

for( ; i == j ;)

{

}

5)

int i=8 ;

float j=8.5 ;

for( ; float (i == j) ; )

{

}

6)

int i=8 ;

for( ; i >=5 && i <= 10 ; )

{

}

6)

int i=8 ;

for( ; i >= 1 && i <=5 ; )

{

}

do while loop :- This is a Post-test loop ie. In this loop the condition is check after the execution of the statement-block .Due to this feature , The statement-block must execute at-least one time not checking that the condition is true or false .

Syntax :-

do{ statement-block

}while( condition )

Working :- The working of " do while " loop is .

Firstly it execute the statement-block .It check the condition .If condition give Non-Zero result , it repeat the First step .I condition give Zero value ie. False , it leave the statement-block and execute the rest of the instructions . So it must execute the statement-block at least one time , not seeing that the condition is true or false .Þ In do-while loop we can use any type of valid expression & the statement-block execute only if the expresssion return a Non-Zero result .do{ statement block

}while(expression)

EXPRESSION

Non-Zero = TRUE

Zero =FALSE

1)

do

{

}while( 1 ) ;

1)

do

{

}while( 0 );

2)

int i=5 ;

do

{

}while( i );

2)

int i=0 ;

do

{

}while(i) ;

3)

int i ;

do

{

}while( i == 8 );

3)

int i ;

do

{

}while(i = 0) ;

4)

int i ;

do

{

}while( i = 1 + 4 ) ;

4)

int i ;

do

{

}while( i = 5 - 5) ;

5)

int i=8;

float j=8.0;

do

{

}while( i == j ) ;

5)

int i=8 ;

float j=8.5 ;

do

{

}while(float (i == j)) ;

6)

int i=8 ;

do

{

}while(i >=5 && i <= 10) ;

6)

int i=8 ;

do

{

}while( i >= 1 && i <=5 ) ;

COUNTER VARIABLE :- Counter Variable is a simple Variable which control that how many time the Loop will execute . The counter variable is Incremented or Decremented with some fix amount as required .

How to use COUNTER :-

Firstly Declare the Counter_Variable and Initialise it .Set appropriate condition according to program need .Put Increment or Decrement instruction for the counter , in the loop .