In this vote, the House overwhelmingly passed H.R. 310, a bill that would increase penalties for indecent behavior on television or radio. The bill, sponsored by Fred Upton (R-MI), would raise substantially the maximum fines allowable per incident to $500,000 for both broadcasters and performers, punishing performers only if they "intentionally" violate decency standards. The bill would also impose a "three-strikes" rule, requiring that a broadcaster's license be revoked following three violations. Progressives opposed to the legislation argued that the bill encouraged self-censorship and represented "Big Brother decid[ing] what constitutes free speech and artistic expression." (Jan Schakowsky (D-IL).) Republicans and a number of Democrats countered that this legislation was necessary to restore family-appropriate programming to television and radio. Most Democrats joined Republicans to approve this bill by a vote of 389 to 38; thus passing more aggressive disincentives for indecent behavior in broadcasting.