What is there about the biology of plants in the Fabaceae that make them good colonizers and also make good ‘citizens’ by helping prepare the way for other plants?

Fabaceae grow well in nutrient-poor soil which makes them good colonizers. They associate with nitrogen-fixing bacteria which makes them good "citizens" by making that nitrogen available to other plants.

Monadelphous stamens vs. diadelphous stamens

Monadelphous stamens are stamens fused at their filaments into a single group.

Diadelphous stamens are fused at their filaments to form 2 groups.

Alkaloids vs. betalains

Alkaloids are secondary compounds derived from amino acids that are found in many families.

Betalains are nitrogen-based pigments found only in the Caryophyllales but not the Caryophyllaceae.

Which of the following traits is NOT typically associated with outcrossing flowers?
a) large showy flowers
b) high pollen to ovule ratios
c) all flowers produce mature fruits
d) self-incompatibility
e) nectar or other pollinator reward present

c) all flowers produce mature fruits

Which of the following is NOT typical of plants in the subclass Rosidae?
a) flowers polypetalous
b) two integuments surrounding the ovule
c) perianth parts arranged in whorls
d) monocolpate pollen
e) seeds with two cotyledons

d) monocolpate pollen

As you travel east from Seattle over the Cascades and down to the Columbia river basin, the average annual ____ first increases and then decreases, whereas the average
____ in July first decreases and then increases.

(confirm)

?

Edaphic factors refer to the effect of ____ on vegetation.

Soil

The Puget Sound trough and the U-shaped valleys in the Cascades are both the result of ____.

Glaciation

Humans have impacted vegetation of the Pacific Northwest in many ways. Briefly describe four ways that humans have altered the natural vegetation of Washington.

The nutritive tissue for the developing seed in plants of the Caryophyllales is called
a) Endosperm
b) Betalain
c) Centrosperm
d) Perisperm
e) Sieve-tube plastid

d) Perisperm

Which of the following traits is NOT a characteristic of plants in the Cactaceae?
a) Paired bracts associated with each flower
b) Succulent stems
c) Modified leaves called glochidia
d) Axillary buds called areoles
e) Inferior ovary

What is one trait traditionally given as a synapomorphy of the Asteridae that is no longer considered one and name a family that doesn't have this trait but is now assigned to the asteridae.

Fused corollas

Cornaceae

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by plants to prevent self-pollination?
a) Physical separation of stamens and stigmas
b) Protandry
c) Geitonogamy
d) Dioecy
e) Self-incompatibility

c) Geitonogamy

Which term refers to flowers that self-fertilize in the bud without ever opening?
a) Cleistogamy
b) Distyly
c) Apomixis
d) Embyrogeny
e) Outcrossing

a) Cleistogamy

Which of the following is not an example of asexual reproduction?
a) Rhizomes
b) Autogamy
c) Bulbils
d) Agamospermy
e) Layering

b) Autogamy

Which of the following is a potential advantage of self-pollination?
b) Reduces the chance of expression of deleterious genes
c) Promotes inbreeding depression
d) Increases the exchange of genetic material
e) Assures seed set, when no pollinators are available
f) Only one set of genes passed to next generation