Secretary Clinton Declares War on Wildlife Traffickers

WASHINGTON, DC, November 9, 2012 (ENS) – The U.S. government is taking aim at wildlife trafficking in a new, more focused manner by placing it high on the foreign policy and security agenda. Increasingly run by well-funded, heavily armed criminal syndicates, wildlife trafficking “has become more organized, more lucrative, more widespread, and more dangerous than ever before,” Secretary of State Hillary Clinton warned Thursday.

At a high-level meeting titled “Wildlife Trafficking and Conservation: A Call to Action” at the State Department, Clinton identified a new U.S. strategy for addressing the global problem of wildlife trafficking. It includes outreach to government leaders and the general public, a global system of regional wildlife enforcement networks and an intelligence assessment of the impact wildlife trafficking has on U.S. security interests.

U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton speaks at the meeting on Wildlife Trafficking at the U.S. State Department in Washington, DC, November 8, 2012. (Photo courtesy U.S. State Dept.)

“This is a global issue, and it calls, therefore, for a concerted global response,” Clinton told the foreign ambassadors and leaders from international organizations, conservation groups and the private sector.

“When I was in Africa last summer, I was quite alarmed by the level of anxiety I heard from leaders,” Clinton said. “It is one thing to be worried about the traditional poachers who come in and kill and take a few animals, a few tusks, a few horns, or other animal parts. It’s something else when you’ve got helicopters, night vision goggles, automatic weapons, which pose a threat to human life as well as wildlife.”

“Local communities are becoming terrified. Local leaders are telling their national leaders that they can lose control of large swaths of territory to these criminal gangs. Where criminal gangs can come and go at their total discretion, we know that begins to provide safe havens for other sorts of threats to people and governments,” Clinton warned.

Wildlife trafficking threatens protected and endangered species, pushing some to extinction. The illegal trade in wildlife products such as ivory, rhino horn, shark fins and turtle shell is estimated to total between US$7 billion and $10 billion annually.

Wildlife trafficking threatens security and the rule of law, undermines conservation efforts, robs local communities of their economic base, and contributes to the emergence and spread of disease.

Clinton acknowledged that the United States is the second-largest destination market for illegally trafficked wildlife in the world. “That is something we are going to address,” she promised.

Kenyan Ambassador to the United States Elkanah Odembo and Indonesian Ambassador to the United States Dr. Dino Patti Djalal outlined the critical situations their countries face from the violence of wildlife trafficking.

Foreign Minister Phandu Skelemani of Botswana spoke via videotape, and participants viewed presentations by WildAid, the International Fund for Animal Welfare, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.

“Now, several conservation groups are here with us today, and we greatly appreciate their invaluable work,” Clinton said. “But the truth is they cannot solve this problem alone. None of us can. This is a global challenge that spans continents and crosses oceans, and we need to address it with partnerships that are as robust and far-reaching as the criminal networks we seek to dismantle.”

An elephant killed in Virunga National Park in Democratic Republic of Congo, Africa’s oldest, most diverse and most endangered national park, 2009. (Photo by gorilla.cd)

“We need governments, civil society, businesses, scientists, and activists to come together to educate people about the harms of wildlife trafficking. We need law enforcement personnel to prevent poachers from preying on wildlife. We need trade experts to track the movement of goods and help enforce existing trade laws,” Clinton said. “We need finance experts to study and help undermine the black markets that deal in wildlife. And most importantly, perhaps, we need to reach individuals, to convince them to make the right choices about the goods they purchase.”

Next week, Clinton said she and President Barack Obama will “personally bring this message” to government leaders in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN, and at the East Asia Summit when they meet in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

“We are also pressing forward with efforts to protect marine life,” Clinton said. “Last week, we joined forces with New Zealand to propose the world’s largest marine protected area, the Ross Sea region of Antarctica.”

Secretary Clinton identified a four-part U.S. strategy for addressing the global problem of wildlife trafficking.

First, the United States is working with leaders from around the world to develop a global consensus on wildlife protection.

Clinton mentioned her work with Russian President Vladimir Putin, a tiger conservationist, at the APEC summit in Vladivostok “to make sure that the leaders’ statement issued there included, for the first time ever, strong language on wildlife trafficking.”

Second, the State Department is spearheading a global outreach campaign on wildlife trafficking, to launch December 4 on Wildlife Conservation Day.

Third, Secretary Clinton called for a global system of regional wildlife enforcement networks, pledging $100,000 and building on the more than $24 million that USAID has already committed to the effort over the past five years to combat wildlife trade.

Finally, Secretary Clinton said, “Trafficking relies on porous borders, corrupt officials, and strong networks of organized crime, all of which undermine our mutual security. I’m asking the intelligence community to produce an assessment of the impact of large-scale wildlife trafficking on our security interests so we can fully understand what we’re up against.”

Since the beginning of this year, 339 rhinos have been killed for their horns by poachers in South Africa, 201 in Kruger National Park. Overall, rhino poaching has increased over 3,000 percent since 2007. (Photo by Martin Harvey / Canon WWF)

Secretary Clinton was joined by under secretaries for environment, Robert Hormats; global affairs, Maria Otero; and public diplomacy Tara Sonenshine, as well as USAID Deputy Administrator Donald Steinberg and senior officials from the departments of Interior and Justice and among other U.S. government agencies.

Hormats said his commitment to ending wildlife trafficking is not just professional, but personal, rooted in the year he spent in East Africa as a wildlife guide in national parks. “Profoundly moved by this experience,” Hormats called poaching “a moral outrage.”

“Our decision to organize this meeting today flows from our conviction that the nature of wildlife trafficking is changing,” he said. The urgency of the issue has intensified and has “a direct impact on the foreign policy interests of the United States.”

“New transnational criminal groups – well-funded criminal syndicates – are increasingly involved in the illicit trade,” Hormats said. “And the poachers have vastly increased weaponry. Large-scale wildlife trafficking has come to threaten the security, stability, and rule of law in countries across Africa and parts of Asia. And it also affects the security and stability of many nations.”

Steinberg made three new program announcements. First, USAID will partner with the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, IUCN, and the wildlife traffic monitoring organization TRAFFIC. The new initiative is titled Wildlife Trafficking Response, Assessment, and Priority Setting, or Wildlife TRAPS, and will focus on trans-regional trafficking.

Second, USAID will join the Global Partnership for Oceans, a World-Bank-led trilateral partnership with over 100 public, private, and civil society partners.

Third, USAID will develop a Technology Challenge on Wildlife Trafficking, engaging the best and brightest scientists and entrepreneurs to use technological solutions to combat wildlife trafficking.

Crawford Allan, director of TRAFFIC in North America, told the gathering of the “alarming” recent rise in rhino and elephant poaching to record levels in Africa, mainly to meet demand for horn and ivory in Asia.

“The unprecedented surge in wildlife crime reflects a fundamental shift in the structure and operation of the illegal wildlife trade over the past decade,” said Allan.

“Wildlife crime is seen as relatively easy money, providing high returns for relatively little risk, so it is little surprise organized criminal networks are becoming increasingly involved,” Allen said. “NGOs, such as TRAFFIC, WWF and WildAid can’t tackle such threats alone; we need governments to get involved.”

“In this regard,” he said, “TRAFFIC warmly welcomes today’s strong commitment shown by Secretary of State Clinton, clearly placing the US Government at the forefront of global efforts to deal with the growing menace from organized wildlife crime.”

Dr. Cristián Samper, president and CEO of the New York-based Wildlife Conservation Society, moderated a panel at the State Department event.

“Illegal trade in wildlife, timber and fisheries is estimated to be fueling illicit economies around the world at approximately $10-15 billion annually,” said Samper. “Wildlife trafficking is among the world’s most lucrative illicit economies, second only to illegal drugs and human trafficking.

“This year alone, 30,000 African elephants will be killed for their ivory. In February of 2012 alone more than half of the elephants in one national park in northern Cameroon were slaughtered by armed militants from Chad and northern Sudan. African ecosystems are being disrupted, and tourism, a major source of national revenue, is being undercut,” said Samper, who detialing the grim statistics.

“It is estimated that 448 rhinos were poached last year in South Africa alone, and rhino poaching has extirpated two African subspecies over the last decade,” he said.

“Only 3,200 tigers remain in the wild, and of those, probably only 1,000 are breeding females. The recent decline has been fundamentally due to poaching for their body parts.”

“More than 25 million sharks are killed each year, more than one third are either endangered or threatened, and in the case of hammerhead sharks their population has declined more than 90 percent since 1970,” Samper said. “All of these species are declining because they are hunted for the international wildlife trade.”