What I have noticed is that often, when we modify a Fourier Transform, it only produces a special case of an existing standard Transform.

For example, we may start with a Type 4 Discrete Cosine Transform, that has a sampling interval of 576 elements, but want it to overlap 50%, therefore wanting to double the length of samples taken in, without doubling the number of Frequency-Domain samples output. One way to accomplish that is to adhere to the standard Math, but just to extend the array of input samples, and to allow the reference-waves to continue into the extension of the sampling interval, at unchanged frequencies.