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Reply-To: "pedro martori"
From: "pedro martori"
Newsgroups: alt.politics.british,alt.politics.europe,alt.politics.org.fbi,alt.politics.org.nsa,alt.politics.usa
Subject: NORTH KOREA, CHINA, IRAN AND CUBA: JOINED EFFORTS
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NORTH KOREA, CHINA, IRAN AND CUBA: JOINED EFFORTS
MANUEL CEREIJO
=20
NORTH KOREA
=20
Biological Weapons Program
North Korea continues to have the scientists and facilities for =
producing biological products and microorganisms. The North has the =
ability to produce traditional infectious biological warfare agents or =
toxins and biological weapons. Acting on orders of Kim Il-sung, in =
November 1980 North Korea accelerated the development of biological =
weapons, organizing research institutions and plants with specialists =
from other countries. North Korea has been pursuing research and =
development related to biological warfare since the 1960s. =
Pyongyang=E2=80=99s resources presently include a rudimentary (by =
Western standards) biotechnology infrastructure that is sufficient to =
support the production of limited quantities of toxins, as well as viral =
and bacterial biological warfare agents. In the early 1990s, an open =
press release by a foreign government referred to applied military =
biotechnology work at numerous North Korean medical institutes and =
universities dealing with pathogens such as anthrax, cholera, and =
plague. North Korea possesses a sufficient munitions-production =
infrastructure to accomplish weaponization of BW agents. North Korea =
acceded to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) in 1987. Biological =
warfare has not received the same attention as chemical or nuclear =
warfare. This could be because North Korea lacks the technical expertise =
or because the difficulty in controlling biological warfare makes it a =
less desirable option. North Korea realizes that biological weapons are =
as dangerous to its own forces as they are to South Korean or US forces, =
and the North's limited medical services would make the agents more =
lethal. Therefore, using biological agents is not a likely option. =
However, if North Korea did choose to employ biological weapons, it =
probably could use agents like anthrax, plague, or yellow fever against =
water and food supplies in the South's rear area.=20
The work done at the National Defense Research Institute and Medical =
Academy (NDRIMA) included studies of disease pathogens such as anthrax, =
cholera, bubonic plague, smallpox, yellow fever and others. Since early =
1990s, North Korea and Cuba have maintained a secret, but constant =
exchange of scientists and technology.
COMMAND AND CONTROL
=20
The current emphasis in the modernization program is on upgrading =
communications supporting the Najin-Sonbong Free Trade Zone in northeast =
North Korea. A large communications center at Najin will be the focal =
point; it will be equipped with digital switching and other modern =
equipment and will offer modern communication services to businesses =
operating in the zone. Vastly improved communications between the Free =
Trade Zone and other countries will include fiber-optic cable and a =
digital microwave relay link between Pyongyang, Najin, and Vladivostok, =
with a shorter link between Najin and Hunchun, China. Additional plans =
for the Free Trade Zone include construction of a satellite earth =
station, as well as communication center branches, in the zone.=20
=20
North Korean military personnel have been receiving training at the =
Bejucal electronic base in Cuba, since 1999.
=20
=20
=20
Missiles
Name
Stages
Propellant
Range (km)
IOC
Inventory
Type
Body Dia. (m)
Comments
=20
Scud-B
1
liquid
280-330
1981
100?
SRBM
0.885
=20
=20
Hwasong-5
1
liquid
280-330
1984
150?
SRBM
0.885
Derivative of Scud-B
=20
Hwasong-6
1
liquid
500-700
1989
250?
SRBM
0.885
Derivative of Scud-C
=20
No-dong
1
liquid
1,350-1,500
1999
12-36
MRBM
1.3
Also flown by Iran (Shahab-3) and Pakistan (Ghauri II)
=20
Taep'o-dong-1 Paeutudan-1
2
liquid
2,000-2,200
2000
0
MRBM=20
1.3
Indigenously developed system with performance similar to the =
Soviet SS-4
=20
NKSL-1/Taep'o-dong-1
3
liquid + solid
2,200-2,672
or
2,200-2,896
1998
(ILC)
0
M/IRBM
1.3
Satellite launch variant of the Taep'o-dong-1. Basis for the design =
of Iran's Shahab-4
=20
Taep'o-dong-2
2
liquid
3,500-3,750
6,400-6,700
7,000
8,000-12,000
N/A
0
LRICBM
LRICBM
LRICBM
FRICBM
2.2
This is a hypothetical advance on the Taep'o-dong-1. North Korea is =
not believed to currently possess a functional version of this missile, =
but both North Korea and Iran (Shahab-5) are believed to be working =
towards a missile with these capabilities.
=20
NKSL-X-2/Taep'o-dong-2
3
liquid + solid
4,000-4,300
N/A
(ILC)
0
LRICBM
2.2
This is a satellite launch variant of the hypothetical =
Taep'o-dong-2 model that may be under development. Basis for the design =
of Iran's Shahab-6. It would probably have a similar performance to the =
Soviet SS-5
=20
=20
No-dong / Shahab-3
Range-Payload to Throwweight Trade-offs=20
=20
Stages
Payload
Range
Country
=20
kg
Pounds
km
Miles
=20
One-Stage
1,158
2,553
1,350
839
Iran
=20
760
1,676
1,500
932
Pakistan
=20
Official figures
Taep'o-dong-1 / Shahab-4
Range to weight Defenition=20
=20
Stages
Payload
Range
=20
kg
Pounds
km
Miles
=20
Two-Stage
1,000
2,205
2,000
1,243
=20
750
1,654
2,200
1,367
=20
Three-Stage
500
1,103
2,475
1,538
=20
380
838
2,672
1,660
=20
290
640
2,896
1,800
=20
Estimates based on limited data
=20
Taep'o-dong-2 / Shahab-5
Range-Payload to Throwweight Trade-offs=20
=20
Stages
Payload
Range
=20
kg
Pounds
km
Miles
=20
Two or Three=20
Stage variant
1,000
2,205
3,500
2,175
=20
750
1,654
3,750
2,330
=20
570
1,257
4,000
2,486
=20
500
1,103
4,100
2,548
=20
420
926
4,248
2,640
=20
403
889
4,264
2,650
=20
390
860
4,300
2,672
=20
Estimates based on limited data
Improved Taep'o-dong-2B / Shahab-5B/6
Range to weight Defenition=20
=20
Stages
Payload
Range
=20
kg
Pounds
km
Miles
=20
Three-Stage
610-490
1,345-1081
5470
3,399
=20
570-480
1,257-1058
5,500
3,418
=20
490-440
1,080-970
5,632
3,500
=20
290-330
640-728
6,000
3,728
=20
230-270
505-595
6,200
3,853
=20
170-220
375-485
6,400
3,977
=20
100-150
221-331
6,700
4,163
=20
Preliminary Estimates based on limited data (March 2002)
=20
Taep'o-dong-3 / Shahab-5B / 6
Range to weight Defenition=20
=20
Stages
Payload
Range
=20
kg
Pounds
km
Miles
=20
Three-Stage
1,200-1,220
2,646-2,690
5,470
3,399
=20
1,130-1,200
2,492-2,646
5,500
3,418
=20
900-1,040
2,492-2,646
5,500
3,418
=20
700
1,544
6,000
3,728
=20
550-540
1,213-1,191
6,200
3,853
=20
390-420
860-926
6,400
3,977
=20
=20
=20
=20
=20
=20
270-290
595-640
6,700
4,163
=20
Preliminary Estimates based on limited data (March 2002)
Taep'o-dong-4 / Shahab-7 Concepts
Range to weight Defenition=20
=20
Stages
Payload
Range
=20
kg
Pounds
km
Miles
=20
Three-Stage
1,030
2,271
9,000
5,593
=20
810
1,786
10,000
6,214
=20
480
1,054
12,000
7,457
=20
100
221
15,000
9,321
=20
Preliminary Estimates based on a conceptual model for the system=20
=20
NOTES:=20
SRBM - Short Range Ballistic Missile < 1,000 km=20
MRBM - Medium Range Ballistic Missile 1,000-2,500 km=20
IRBM - Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile 2,500-3,500 km=20
LRICBM - Limited Range Intercontinental Ballistic Missile 3,500-8,000 km =
CHINA
=20
=20
The fall of communism has not reduced the level or amount of espionage =
and other serious intelligence activity conducted against the United =
States. The targets have not changed at all: there is still a deadly =
serious foreign interest, and mainly from the new China/Cuba consortium, =
in traditional intelligence activities such as penetrating the U.S. =
intelligence community, collecting classified information on U.S. =
military defense systems, and purloining the latest advances in the =
nation=E2=80=99s science and technology sector.
=20
There is also a growing importance in maintaining the integrity of the =
country=E2=80=99s information infrastructure. Our growing dependence on =
computer networks and telecommunications has made the U.S. increasingly =
vulnerable to possible cyber attacks against such targets as military =
war rooms, power plants, telephone networks, air traffic control centers =
and banks. China and Cuba have increased their cooperation in this area =
through the Bejucal base in Cuba, as well as in Wajay (near Bejucal), =
and Santiago de Cuba. On these bases they use technologically =
sophisticated equipment, as well as new intelligence methodologies that =
makes it more difficult, or impossible for U.S. intelligence agencies to =
monitor or detect.
=20
The international terrorism threat can be divided into three general =
categories. Each poses a serious and distinct threat, and each has a =
presence already in the United States. The most important category is =
the state sponsored threat. This category, according to the FBI, =
includes the following countries: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Sudan, Libya, Cuba, =
North Korea. Put simply, these nations view terrorism as a tool of =
foreign policy.=20
=20
There are three main areas of concern for us in the new and dangerous =
axis formed by China and Cuba: radio frequency weapons, computer =
technology, missile capabilities. The problem with the Chinese Cuban =
rapprochement is that it is driven by mutual hostility towards the =
United States.
=20
Radio frequency weapons are a new radical class of weapons. Radio =
frequency weapons can utilize either high energy radio frequency (HERF), =
or low energy radio frequency (LERF) technology. HERF is advanced =
technology. It is based on concentrating large amounts of RF EM energy =
in within a small space, narrow frequency range, and a very short period =
of time. The result is an overpowering RF EM impulse capable of causing =
substantial damage to electronic components.=20
=20
LERF utilizes relatively low energy, which is spread over a wide =
frequency spectrum. It can be no less effective in disrupting normal =
functioning of computers as HERF due to the wider range of frequencies =
it occupies. LERF does not require time compression neither high tech =
components. LERF impact on computers and computer networks could be =
devastating. The computer would go into a random output mode, that is, =
it is impossible to predict what the computer would do. A back up =
computer will not solve the problem either. One example of LERF use was =
the KGB=E2=80=99s manipulation of the United States Embassy security =
system in Moscow in the late 80s.
=20
Worldwide proliferation in RF weapons has increased dramatically in the =
last five years. The collapse of the Soviet Union is probably the most =
significant factor contributing to this increase in attention and =
concern about proliferation. The KGB has split into independent parts. =
One of them is referred to as FAPSI. It has been partially privatized. =
Spin-off companies have been created, with very attractive golden =
parachutes for the high officers. FAPSI, or its spin-off companies have =
been heavily involved in China and Cuba in RF technology, as well as =
computer technology.
=20
China, PRC, has stolen design information on the United States most =
advanced thermonuclear weapons. The stolen information includes =
classified information on:
=20
=C2=B7 Seven U.S. thermonuclear warheads, including every =
currently deployed thermonuclear warhead in the U.S. ballistic missile =
arsenal
=C2=B7 Classified design information for an enhanced radiation =
weapon (neutron bomb), which neither the USA , nor any other country has =
yet deployed
=C2=B7 Classified information on state of the art reentry =
vehicles, and warheads, such as the W-88, a miniaturized, tapered =
warhead, which is the most sophisticated nuclear weapon the United =
States has ever built.
=20
These and other classified information have been obtained in the last 20 =
years. However, the now presence in Cuba, with the use of the Bejucal =
base, and the proximity to the United States, makes the China/Cuba new =
axis a very serious threat to this nation. In 1993, a Cuban nuclear =
engineer, and high officer of the Cuban Intelligence military apparatus, =
was awarded a one year stance at Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, =
doing research on Physical protection of nuclear facilities and =
materials. The officer is, since 1999, in exile in the United States.
=20
The PRC has acquired also technology on high performance computers =
(HPC). HPCs are needed for the design and testing of advanced nuclear =
weapons. The PRC has targeted the U.S. nuclear test data for espionage =
collection. This can be accomplished through the facilities in Cuba.=20
=20
=20
LARGE SCALE QUANTUM COMPUTING
=20
=20
=20
These kind of computers could, among other functions, crack the toughest =
codes. Computers that harness the weirdness of quantum mechanics could =
smash conventional encryption systems by factoring gigantic numbers =
fast-and factoring the product of two large prime numbers is the only =
way standard codes can be broken.
=20
The job would take conventional computers decades, not minutes. This =
ability to perform a single calculation on two numbers at once is what =
makes quantum computing so valuable, especially in factoring for =
decryption. Instead of factoring by trying out lots of answers one after =
another, as a conventional computer would, a quantum computer can, =
essentially, try all at the same time.
=20
China and Cuba have joined forces, at the Bejucal electronic base, to =
work on the development of such computers. Only MIT, the University of =
Michigan, and the University of Innsbruck, Austria, are known to be =
working in this new and important field.=20
=20
=20
=20
=20
IRAN
=20
=20
=20
Dr. Miyar Barruecos, El Chomi. Dr. Luis Herrera. Cuba and Iran.
=20
Since 1990, Cuba and Iran have cooperated in the development of weapons =
of massive destruction. Dr. Miyar Barruecos, physician, very close to =
Castro, has been the force behind the throne in this alliance. Dr. Luis =
Herrera, from the CIGB, and one of the main scientists in the =
development of the CIGB and the biological weapon programs in Cuba, has =
been the operator, the facilitator, in the massive and huge cooperation =
between Cuba and Iran.
=20
Cuba just finished, May 2001, the construction of a Biotechnology Center =
in Teheran. Cuba served as the source of technology, selling of =
equipment, and project management for the Center.=20
=20
Iran has bought the best fruits of the CIGB, recombinant protein =
production technologies in yeast and Escherichia coli, as well as the =
large scale purification protocols for both soluble and insoluble =
proteins synthesized in or excreted by them.
=20
Iran can use these technologies to create bioweapons of massive =
destruction. Iran, with Cuba=E2=80=99s assistance is capable of =
producing a bacteria known as Pseudomonas. The pathogen is not usually =
lethal to humans, but it is an excellent battlefield weapon.=20
=20
Sprayed from a single airplane flying over enemy lines, it can =
immobilized an entire division or incapacitate special forces hiding in =
rugged terrain otherwise inaccessible to regular army troops-precisely =
the kind of terrain in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and similar terrorist =
regions.
=20
Besides Cuban scientists, at least there are about ten scientists from =
the Biopreparat Russian Center working in Iran. The New York Times =
reported in December 1998 that the Iranian government dispatched a few =
scientific advisors attached to the office of the presidency in Moscow =
to recruit former scientists from the Russian program.
=20
In May, 1997, more than one hundred scientists from Russian =
laboratories, including Vector and Obolensk, attended a Biotechnology =
Trade Fair in Teheran. Iranians visited Vector, In Russia, a number of =
times, and had been actively promoting exchanges. A vial of =
freeze-dried powder takes up less space than a pack of cigarettes and is =
easy to smuggle past an inattentive security guard.
=20
The Soviet Union spent decades building institutes and training centers =
in Iran and Cuba. For many years, the Soviet Union organized courses in =
genetic engineering and molecular biology for scientists from Cuba and =
Iran. Some forty scientists from both countries were trained annually.=20
=20
In 1997 Russia was reported to be negotiating a lucrative deal with Iran =
and Cuba for the sale of cultivation equipment including fermenters, =
reactors, and air purifying machinery.=20
=20
A report submitted by the U.S. Office of Technological Assessment to =
hearings at the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations in late =
1995 identified 17 countries believed to possess biological weapons. =
Among them: Cuba and Iran.
=20
The Cuba/Iran alliance posses a real threat to the national security of =
the United States.
=20
=20
CUBA
=20
Although Cuba signed and ratified all 12 international counter terrorism =
conventions in 2001, it has remained opposed to the US-led Coalition =
prosecuting the war in global terrorism and has been actively critical =
of many associated US policies and actions.=20
=20
On repeated occasions, for example, Cuba sent agents to US missions =
around the world who provided false leads designed to subvert the post =
September 11 investigation.=20
=20
In 2002, Cuba continued to host several terrorists and US fugitives. =
Cuba permitted up to 20 Basque Fatherland and Liberty members to reside =
in Cuba and provided safe heaven and support to members of the Colombian =
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-FARC- and National Liberation =
Army-ELN groups.=20
=20
An accused Irish Republican Army-IRA- weapons expert and longtime =
resident of Cuba went on trial in Colombia in 2002. He had been caught a =
year earlier in Colombia with two other IRA members and detained for =
training the FARC in advanced use of explosives. Some US fugitives =
continued to live on the island.
=20
Castro allowed the Soviet Union in 1962 to install atomic warhead =
missiles in Cuba. Once discovered, he tried to force the Soviet Union to =
launch a surprising missile attack against the United States.=20
=20
Castro has been 44 years in power in Cuba. A tyrant, an oppressor, who =
has imprisoned over 150,000 persons and executed above 16,000.
=20
Castro has conducted suspicious bio and cyber terrorist developments =
since 1986. Following is a summary of these developments.
=20
=20
=20
=20
=20
=20
=20
=20
=20
CUBA=E2=80=99S BIOTECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
=20
Main Centers
=20
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
=20
=20
=C2=B7 The most important institution in Cuba's biotechnology =
industry is the
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, CIGB. It =
was
established in La Habana, in 1986. Located west of La =
Habana. 31 Ave,
between158 and 190 Streets, Cubanacan.Cost: $150 million =
dollars.
=20
=20
=C2=B7 It has a total area of 60,000 square meters. The Center =
has
state-of-the-art equipment, second only to the United States =
in the
Americas. At the center work outstanding scientists and engineers =
dedicated to genetic research, virology, cloning, =
vaccines development.
=20
=C2=B7 The main CIGB buildings cover an area of 43,200 square =
meters and
contain specialized labs for both general purposes and =
dedicated
research. The CIGB has a biotherium, barrier zones or white rooms, =
which allow research with sensitive and lethal agents.=20
=20
=C2=B7 The CIGB's modern andefficient technological equipment =
includes mass spectrometers, infraredand ultraviolet, electron and =
scanning microscopes, gamma counters, DNA synthesizers. Also, and very =
important, downstream fermenters, drying and milling machines, =
centrifuges, which can, therefore guarantee research and development of =
bioweapons, such as bacteria and virus agents.
=20
=C2=B7 In the CIGB work more than 700 highly skilled researchers, =
scientists,
and engineers. Russians scientists cooperated with the CIGB =
several
times, including, according to certain intelligence sources, assisting =
in the development of altered strains of bacteria. Capacity to produce =
bioweapons
=20
.
Biocen
=20
=C2=B7 The National Bio-preparations center, Biocen, located in =
Bejucal, south
of Habana province, at Carretera de Beltran km 1 1/2 is engaged in =
industrial scale production of human vaccines. It was built in 1992 at a =
cost of $15 million dollars
=20
=20
=C2=B7 Biocen's culture media plant has an annual 40 tons. =
capacity. It is
equipped to carry out homogenization, hydrolisis, =
dehydration, milling,
sifting, filtration, and several other processess required =
not only for
the biotech and pharmaceutical industries, but for bacteria =
and virus
weaponization.=20
=20
=C2=B7 A new department that manufactures recombinant products
went into operation in 1993. New cost: $7 million dollars. The complex =
also includes a plant producing immunological reagents and two vivaria =
labs.
=20
=C2=B7 Innovative techniques have been developed at Biocen for =
obtaining
culture media, substituting the traditional expensive =
nutritive bases,
like meat, casein. They have developed 14 alternative protein =
sources.
There is the capacity here to produce bioweapons
=20
The Finlay Institute
=20
=C2=B7 The Carlos J. Finlay Medical Research Institute is =
located in Ave. 27, No. 19805, La Lisa, Habana. Modernized in 1994 at a =
cost of $10 million dollars
=20
=C2=B7 The Institute occupies an area of 23,000 square meters, =
divided
into three areas: fermentation, purification, and "clean =
rooms". Over
950 persons work at the Institute. Of these, 70% are =
engineers and
scientists.
=20
=C2=B7 The Institute has done extensive work in the research and =
development of
new vaccines. Among them, vaccines against Leptospirosis, =
Hepatitis,
Cholera, and Meningitis. The Plant III area is well prepared =
for the
production of the most sophisticated biomaterials. It is =
highly secured.
=20
=C2=B7 The main areas of research and production of the Institute =
are related
to bacteria and viruses. Commercially, it has worked on research and =
production of vaccines.
=20
Capacity to produce bioweapons
=20
=20
The Institute of Tropical Medicine Pedro Khoury
=20
=C2=B7 The Institute was founded in 1937 by Dr. Flori, a very =
well known Cuban
scientist. The center's research area is in microbiology. =
The Institute
has the necessary state-of the-art equipment for research =
and
development related to tropical bacteria and viruses. Modernized and =
relocated in 1992 at a cost of $12 million dollars
=20
=C2=B7 The Institute has also conducted extensive research on =
yellow fever.
Yellow fever is a viral disease that has caused large =
epidemics in the
world. Infection causes a wide spectrum of disease, from =
mild symptoms
to severe illness and death..
=20
=C2=B7 There are other tropicaldisease that could be used as =
bioweapons, such as: malaria,dracunculiasis, filariasis, leishmaniasis, =
dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever.
=20
Capacity to produce bioweapons.
=20
=20
CIM
=20
=C2=B7 The Center for Molecular Immunology is a 15,000 square =
meter, two floor
facility. Over 250 employees work at the Center, of which, =
200 are
scientists and engineers. It was built in 1994 at a cost of $10 million =
dollars. The ground floor includes development, pharmacology, and =
toxicology. The auxiliary technical services, and, secret research and =
development are on the second floor.
=20
=C2=B7 Their main research activities are on =
antibodies-hybridoma, molecular
biology, celular immunology. CIM has laboratories equipped for cell =
culture, immunochemistry, and radiochemistry. Their work on the immune =
system is related to the development of stronger strains of virus an =
bacteria. The Center has the capacity to produce bio-weapons
=20
CONCLUSIONS
=20
=C2=B7 Cuba's biotechnological capacity places it in group four =
of the World
Health Organization's five categories. To reach group five, which is =
formed only by the eight top industrial economies, Cuba must =
produce at least 20% of the 260 basic materials. It regularly produces =
18% of these and certainly has the scientific ability to produce the =
others with
biotech methods.
=20
=20
=C2=B7 Cuba also has 160 distinct research and development units =
and over 10,000 researchers through out the country
=20
=20
=C2=B7 According to Cuba=E2=80=99s own figures, as well as those =
provided by scientists and engineers, both from Cuba and other =
countries, the Cuban government has spent approximately $3,500 million =
dollars in this industry since 1986. The return of such investment has =
been approximately the sales of $200 million dollars in vaccines and =
medicines. The production for domestic use has been almost nothing, =
since the Cuban people lack the most basic medicines.
=20
=20
=20
=20
=20
SUMMARY OF THE SIGINT AND CYBER FACILITIES OF CUBA
=20
I. BEJUCAL BASE
=20
Located in Bejucal, La Habana, Cuba. 20 square mile area. Cost: $ 750 =
millions. Built by the Russians from 1994 to 1997. Workforce: 1,100 =
engineers, computer scientists, technicians, staff. Three groups of =
antennas/satellites. First group to listen to general USA =
telecommunications. Second group to listen to pre designated phones and =
computers. Third group with the voice recognition capacity. It has 2 =
HPCs given by PRC. Operated now with the cooperation of PRC=E2=80=99s =
military personnel. Utilizes PRC=E2=80=99s satellites. It can interfere =
USA computer networks
=20
II. PASEO BETWEEN 11 and 13, La Habana.
=20
Dedicated to transmission and reception of radio wavesCost: $60 =
millions. Radio and TV Marti interference headquarters are located here. =
Capacity to interfere radio telecommunications in USA, mainly in =
airports and strategic places.
=20
III. COJIMAR ELECTRONIC COMPLEX
=20
Located in La Habana del Este. Cost: $20 millions. Work on electronic =
experiments, such as HERF.
=20
IV. WAJAY ELECTRONIC BASE
=20
Located in Wajay, La Habana. Cost: $15 millions. Weather change =
research. Radio interference. More than 100 very high antennas.
=20
V. SANTIAGO DE CUBA ELECTRONIC FARM
=20
Very similar to the Wajay farm. Located in Santiago de Cuba, extreme =
east of Cuba. Cost: $10 millions. 80 very high antennas
=20
=20
=20
CONCLUSIONS
=20
Cuba has high technology capacity and facilities to conduct SIGINT =
operations on the United States, as well as to interfere with =
telecommunications and computer networks in the United States
=20
=20
Executive summary:
=20
Shouldn=E2=80=99t the Cuban government be next in line to be abolished?
=20
=20
NetforCuba International
http://www.netforcuba.org=20
NetforCuba International en Espa=C3=B1ol, presione aqu=C3=AD:
http://www.netforcuba.org/indexsp.htm =20
"Solo la opresi=C3=B3n debe temer al pleno ejercicio de la libertad. =
Libertad es el derecho que todo hombre tiene a ser honrado, y a pensar y =
a hablar sin hipocres=C3=ADa. Un hombre que oculta lo que piensa, o no =
se atreve a decir lo que piensa, no es un hombre honrado. Un hombre que =
obedece a un mal gobierno, sin trabajar para que el gobierno sea bueno, =
no es un hombre honrado."
Jos=C3=A9 Mart=C3=AD=20
________________________________________
If you wish to be removed from our mailing list, please E-mail us at the =
following address: loupagani@aol.com or News@NetforCuba.org and simply =
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=EF=BB=BF

North=20
Korea=20
continues to have the scientists and facilities for producing biological =
products and microorganisms. The North has the ability to produce =
traditional=20
infectious biological warfare agents or toxins and biological weapons. =
Acting on=20
orders of Kim Il-sung, in November 1980=20
North=20
Korea=20
accelerated the development of biological weapons, organizing research=20
institutions and plants with specialists from other countries.=20
North=20
Korea=20
has been pursuing research and development related to biological warfare =
since=20
the 1960s. Pyongyang=E2=80=99s=20
resources presently include a rudimentary (by Western standards) =
biotechnology=20
infrastructure that is sufficient to support the production of limited=20
quantities of toxins, as well as viral and bacterial biological warfare =
agents.=20
In the early 1990s, an open press release by a foreign government =
referred to=20
applied military biotechnology work at numerous North Korean medical =
institutes=20
and universities dealing with pathogens such as anthrax, cholera, and =
plague.=20
North=20
Korea=20
possesses a sufficient munitions-production infrastructure to accomplish =
weaponization of BW agents. North=20
Korea=20
acceded to the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) in 1987. Biological =
warfare=20
has not received the same attention as chemical or nuclear warfare. This =
could=20
be because North=20
Korea=20
lacks the technical expertise or because the difficulty in controlling=20
biological warfare makes it a less desirable option.=20
North=20
Korea=20
realizes that biological weapons are as dangerous to its own forces as =
they are=20
to South Korean or US forces, and the North's limited medical services =
would=20
make the agents more lethal. Therefore, using biological agents is not a =
likely=20
option. However, if North=20
Korea=20
did choose to employ biological weapons, it probably could use agents =
like=20
anthrax, plague, or yellow fever against water and food supplies in the =
South's=20
rear area.

The work done at the National Defense Research =
Institute and=20
Medical Academy (NDRIMA) included studies of disease pathogens such as =
anthrax,=20
cholera, bubonic plague, smallpox, yellow fever and others. Since early =
1990s,=20
North=20
Korea=20
and Cuba=20
have maintained a secret, but constant exchange of scientists and=20
technology.

COMMAND AND=20
CONTROL

The=20
current emphasis in the modernization program is on upgrading =
communications=20
supporting the Najin-Sonbong Free Trade Zone in northeast=20
North=20
Korea.=20
A large communications center at Najin will be the focal point; it will =
be=20
equipped with digital switching and other modern equipment and will =
offer modern=20
communication services to businesses operating in the zone. Vastly =
improved=20
communications between the Free Trade Zone and other countries will =
include=20
fiber-optic cable and a digital microwave relay link between=20
Pyongyang,=20
Najin, and Vladivostok,=20
with a shorter link between Najin and Hunchun,=20
China.=20
Additional plans for the Free Trade Zone include construction of a =
satellite=20
earth station, as well as communication center branches, in the zone.=20

North=20
Korean military personnel have been receiving training at the Bejucal =
electronic=20
base in Cuba,=20
since 1999.

This is a hypothetical advance on the=20
Taep'o-dong-1. North Korea is not believed to currently possess a=20
functional version of this missile, but both North Korea and Iran=20
(Shahab-5)=20
are believed to be working towards a missile with these =
capabilities.

This is a satellite launch variant of the =
hypothetical Taep'o-dong-2 model that may be under development. =
Basis for=20
the design of Iran's Shahab-6.=20
It would probably have a similar performance to the Soviet =
SS-5

CHINA

The fall of communism has not reduced the level =
or amount=20
of espionage and other serious intelligence activity conducted against =
the=20
United States. The targets have not changed at all: there is still a =
deadly=20
serious foreign interest, and mainly from the new China/Cuba consortium, =
in=20
traditional intelligence activities such as penetrating the U.S. =
intelligence=20
community, collecting classified information on U.S. military defense =
systems,=20
and purloining the latest advances in the nation=E2=80=99s science and =
technology=20
sector.

There is also a growing importance in =
maintaining the=20
integrity of the country=E2=80=99s information infrastructure. Our =
growing dependence on=20
computer networks and telecommunications has made the U.S. increasingly=20
vulnerable to possible cyber attacks against such targets as military =
war rooms,=20
power plants, telephone networks, air traffic control centers and banks. =
China=20
and Cuba have increased their cooperation in this area through the =
Bejucal base=20
in Cuba, as well as in Wajay (near Bejucal), and Santiago de Cuba. On =
these=20
bases they use technologically sophisticated equipment, as well as new=20
intelligence methodologies that makes it more difficult, or impossible =
for U.S.=20
intelligence agencies to monitor or=20
detect.

The international terrorism threat can be =
divided into=20
three general categories. Each poses a serious and distinct threat, and =
each has=20
a presence already in the United States. The most important category is =
the=20
state sponsored threat. This category, according to the FBI, includes =
the=20
following countries: Iran, Iraq, Syria, Sudan, Libya, Cuba, North Korea. =
Put=20
simply, these nations view terrorism as a tool of foreign policy.=20

There are=20
three main areas of concern for us in the new and dangerous axis formed =
by China=20
and Cuba: radio frequency weapons, computer technology, missile =
capabilities.=20
The problem with the Chinese Cuban rapprochement is that it is driven =
bymutual hostility towards the =
United=20
States.

Radio frequency weapons are a new radical class =
of=20
weapons. Radio frequency weapons can utilize either high energy radio =
frequency=20
(HERF), or low energy radio frequency (LERF) technology. HERF is =
advanced=20
technology. It is based on concentrating large amounts of RF EM energy =
in within=20
a small space, narrow frequency range, and a very short period of time. =
The=20
result is an overpowering RF EM impulse capable of causing substantial =
damage to=20
electronic components.

LERF utilizes relatively low energy, which is =
spread over=20
a wide frequency spectrum. It can be no less effective in disrupting =
normal=20
functioning of computers as HERF due to the wider range of frequencies =
it=20
occupies. LERF does not require time compression neither high tech =
components.=20
LERF impact on computers and computer networks could be devastating. The =
computer would go into a random output mode, that is, it is impossible =
to=20
predict what the computer would do. A back up computer will not solve =
the=20
problem either. One example of LERF use was the KGB=E2=80=99s =
manipulation of the United=20
States Embassy security system in Moscow in the late=20
80s.

Worldwide proliferation in RF weapons has =
increased=20
dramatically in the last five years. The collapse of the Soviet Union is =
probably the most significant factor contributing to this increase in =
attention=20
and concern about proliferation. The KGB has split into independent =
parts. One=20
of them is referred to as FAPSI. It has been partially privatized. =
Spin-off=20
companies have been created, with very attractive golden parachutes for =
the high=20
officers. FAPSI, or its spin-off companies have been heavily involved in =
China=20
and Cuba in RF technology, as well as computer=20
technology.

=C2=B7 =20
Seven U.S. thermonuclear warheads, including =
every=20
currently deployed thermonuclear warhead in the U.S. ballistic missile=20
arsenal

=C2=B7 =20
Classified design information for an enhanced =
radiation=20
weapon (neutron bomb), which neither the USA , nor any other country has =
yet=20
deployed

=C2=B7 =20
Classified information on state of the art =
reentry=20
vehicles, and warheads, such as the W-88, a miniaturized, tapered =
warhead, which=20
is the most sophisticated nuclear weapon the United States has ever=20
built.

These and other classified information have =
been obtained=20
in the last 20 years. However, the now presence in Cuba, with the use of =
the=20
Bejucal base, and the proximity to the United States, makes the =
China/Cuba new=20
axis a very serious threat to this nation. In 1993, a Cuban nuclear =
engineer,=20
and high officer of the Cuban Intelligence military apparatus, was =
awarded a one=20
year stance at Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, doing research on =
Physical=20
protection of nuclear facilities and materials. The officer is, since =
1999, in=20
exile in the United States.

The PRC has acquired also technology on high =
performance=20
computers (HPC). HPCs are needed for the design and testing of advanced =
nuclear=20
weapons. The PRC has targeted the U.S. nuclear test data for espionage=20
collection. This can be accomplished through the facilities in Cuba.=20

LARGE SCALE QUANTUM=20
COMPUTING

These kind of computers could, among =
other=20
functions, crack the toughest codes. Computers that harness the =
weirdness of=20
quantum mechanics could smash conventional encryption systems by =
factoring=20
gigantic numbers fast-and factoring the product of two large prime =
numbers is=20
the only way standard codes can be broken.

The job would take conventional computers =
decades, not=20
minutes. This ability to perform a single calculation on two numbers at =
once is=20
what makes quantum computing so valuable, especially in factoring for=20
decryption. Instead of factoring by trying out lots of answers one after =
another, as a conventional computer would, a quantum computer can, =
essentially,=20
try all at the same time.

China and Cuba have joined forces, at the =
Bejucal=20
electronic base, to work on the development of such computers. Only MIT, =
the=20
University of Michigan, and the University of Innsbruck, Austria, are =
known to=20
be working in this new and important field. =

IRAN

Dr. Miyar Barruecos, El Chomi. Dr. Luis =
Herrera. Cuba and=20
Iran.

Since 1990, Cuba and Iran have cooperated in =
the=20
development of weapons of massive destruction. Dr. Miyar Barruecos, =
physician,=20
very close to Castro, has been the force behind the throne in this =
alliance. Dr.=20
Luis Herrera, from the CIGB, and one of the main scientists in the =
development=20
of the CIGB and the biological weapon programs in Cuba, has been the =
operator,=20
the facilitator, in the massive and huge cooperation between Cuba and=20
Iran.

Cuba just finished, May 2001, the construction =
of a=20
Biotechnology Center in Teheran. Cuba served as the source of =
technology,=20
selling of equipment, and project management for the Center.=20

Iran has bought the best fruits of the CIGB, =
recombinant=20
protein production technologies in yeast and Escherichia coli, as well =
as the=20
large scale purification protocols for both soluble and insoluble =
proteins=20
synthesized in or excreted by them.

Iran can use these technologies to create =
bioweapons of=20
massive destruction. Iran, with Cuba=E2=80=99s assistance is capable of =
producing a=20
bacteria known as Pseudomonas. The pathogen is not usually lethal to =
humans, but=20
it is an excellent battlefield weapon.

Sprayed from a single airplane flying over =
enemy lines,=20
it can immobilized an entire division or incapacitate special forces =
hiding in=20
rugged terrain otherwise inaccessible to regular army troops-precisely =
the kind=20
of terrain in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and similar terrorist=20
regions.

Besides Cuban scientists, at least there are =
about ten=20
scientists from the Biopreparat Russian Center working in Iran. The New =
York=20
Times reported in December 1998 that the Iranian government dispatched a =
few=20
scientific advisors attached to the office of the presidency in Moscow =
to=20
recruit former scientists from the Russian=20
program.

In May, 1997, more than one hundred scientists =
from=20
Russian laboratories, including Vector and Obolensk, attended a =
Biotechnology=20
Trade Fair in Teheran. Iranians visited Vector, In Russia, a number of =
times,=20
and had been actively promoting exchanges. =20
A vial of freeze-dried powder takes up less space than a pack of=20
cigarettes and is easy to smuggle past an inattentive security=20
guard.

The Soviet Union spent decades building =
institutes and=20
training centers in Iran and Cuba. For many years, the Soviet Union =
organized=20
courses in genetic engineering and molecular biology for scientists from =
Cuba=20
and Iran. Some forty scientists from both countries were trained =
annually.=20

In 1997 Russia was reported to be negotiating a =
lucrative=20
deal with Iran and Cuba for the sale of cultivation equipment including=20
fermenters, reactors, and air purifying machinery.=20

A report submitted by the U.S. Office of =
Technological=20
Assessment to hearings at the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on =
Investigations in=20
late 1995 identified 17 countries believed to possess biological =
weapons. Among=20
them: Cuba and Iran.

The Cuba/Iran alliance posses a real threat to =
the=20
national security of the United States.

CUBA

Although Cuba signed and ratified all 12 =
international=20
counter terrorism conventions in 2001, it has remained opposed to the =
US-led=20
Coalition prosecuting the war in global terrorism and has been actively =
critical=20
of many associated US policies and actions.=20

On repeated occasions, for example, Cuba sent =
agents to=20
US missions around the world who provided false leads designed to =
subvert the=20
post September 11 investigation.

In 2002, Cuba continued to host several =
terrorists and US=20
fugitives. Cuba permitted up to 20 Basque Fatherland and Liberty members =
to=20
reside in Cuba and provided safe heaven and support to members of the =
Colombian=20
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia-FARC- and National Liberation =
Army-ELN=20
groups.

An accused Irish Republican Army-IRA- weapons =
expert and=20
longtime resident of Cuba went on trial in Colombia in 2002. He had been =
caught=20
a year earlier in Colombia with two other IRA members and detained for =
training=20
the FARC in advanced use of explosives. Some US fugitives continued to =
live on=20
the island.

Castro allowed the Soviet Union in =
1962 to install=20
atomic warhead missiles in Cuba. Once discovered, he tried to force the =
Soviet=20
Union to launch a surprising missile attack against the United States.=20

Castro has been 44 years in power in =
Cuba. A=20
tyrant, an oppressor, who has imprisoned over 150,000 persons and =
executed above=20
16,000.

Castro has conducted suspicious bio =
and cyber=20
terrorist developments since 1986. Following is a summary of these=20
developments.

CUBA=E2=80=99S =
BIOTECHNOLOGY=20
DEVELOPMENT

Main=20
Centers

Center=20
for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

=C2=B7 =20
The=20
most important institution in Cuba's biotechnology industry is=20
the

=20
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, CIGB. It=20
was

=20
established in La Habana, in 1986. Located west of La Habana. 31=20
Ave,

=20
facility. Over 250 employees work at the Center, of which, 200=20
are

scientists and engineers. It =
was built in=20
1994 at a cost of $10 million =20
dollars. The ground floor includes development, pharmacology, and =
toxicology. The auxiliary technical services, and, secret research and=20
development are on the second floor.

=C2=B7 =20
Their=20
main research activities are on antibodies-hybridoma,=20
molecular

biology,=20
celular immunology. CIM has laboratories equipped for cellculture, immunochemistry, and=20
radiochemistry. Their work on the =20
immune system is related to the development of stronger strains =
of virus=20
an bacteria. The Center has the capacity to produce=20
bio-weapons

CONCLUSIONS

=C2=B7 =20
Cuba's=20
biotechnological capacity places it =20
in group four of the World

Health=20
Organization's five categories. To reach group five, which is =20
formed only by the eight top industrial economies, Cuba mustproduce at least 20% of =
the 260=20
basic materials. It regularly produces 18% of these and certainly has =
the=20
scientific ability to produce the others with

=20
biotech methods.

=C2=B7 =20
Cuba=20
also has 160 distinct research and development units and over 10,000 =
researchers=20
through out the country

=C2=B7 =20
According=20
to Cuba=E2=80=99s own figures, as well as those provided by scientists =
and engineers,=20
both from Cuba and other countries, the Cuban government has spent =
approximately=20
$3,500 million dollars in this industry since 1986. The return of such=20
investment has been approximately the sales of $200 million dollars in =
vaccines=20
and medicines. The production for domestic use has been almost nothing, =
since=20
the Cuban people lack the most basic =
medicines.

SUMMARY OF THE SIGINT AND CYBER FACILITIES OF=20
CUBA

I. &nbsp=
; =20
BEJUCAL BASE

Located in Bejucal, La Habana, Cuba. 20 square =
mile area.=20
Cost: $ 750 millions. Built by the Russians from 1994 to 1997. =
Workforce: 1,100=20
engineers, computer scientists, technicians, staff. Three groups of=20
antennas/satellites. First group to listen to general USA =
telecommunications.=20
Second group to listen to pre designated phones and computers.Third group with the voice =
recognition=20
capacity.It has 2 HPCs =
given by=20
PRC.Operated now with =
the=20
cooperation of PRC=E2=80=99s military personnel. Utilizes PRC=E2=80=99s =
satellites. It can=20
interfere USA computer networks

Located in Wajay, La Habana. Cost: $15 =
millions. Weather=20
change research. Radio interference. More than 100 very high=20
antennas.

V. &nbsp=
; =20
SANTIAGO DE CUBA ELECTRONIC =
FARM

Very similar to the Wajay farm. Located in =
Santiago de=20
Cuba, extreme east of Cuba. Cost: $10 millions. 80 very high=20
antennas

CONCLUSIONS

Cuba=20
has high technology capacity and facilities to conduct SIGINT operations =
on the=20
United=20
States,=20
as well as to interfere with telecommunications and computer networks in =
the=20
United=20
States

Executive =
summary:

Shouldn=E2=80=99t =20
the Cuban government be next in line to be=20
abolished?