NABTEB LITERATURE IN ENGLISH.
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1)
The circumstances surrounding Baby T’s death
was revealed through two main sources: Fofo
and investigations by MUTE.
Baby T was the third child of Maa Tsuru while
Fofo was fourth. Their jobless father, Kwei had
abandoned them mainly as a result of the
superstitious belief that Maa Tsuru had been
cursed from birth. Baby T was sexually abused by
her mother’s second lover, Kpakpo and
was further defiled by Onko, a generous uncle
who lived in the same compound with them
and in whom she tried to confide.
Through Kpapkpo’s gimmicks, Baby T was sold
to a prostitution ring consisting of Madam
Abidjan, Maami Brooni and Poison, the street lord
and ring leader. She was made to work as
a child prostitute in Maami Brooni’s brothel with
her earnings sent to Maa Tsuru who simply
turned a blind eye. Meanwhile, Onko’s welding
business had suffered great setback after
defiling Baby T. A witchdoctor made him believe
that his misfortune was caused by the
defilement of Baby T whom he said was a cursed
child. As a form of remedy, the witch
doctor asked Onko to bring some sacrificial items
which would include Baby T’s pubic hair.
How Baby T died Kpakpo helped Onko to connect
with Baby T once again. Poison eventually
led Kpakpo to Maami Brooni’s brothel where
Baby T worked as a prostitute. Baby T
remembered what Onko did to her in the past and
totally declined to sleep with him. Enraged
at her refusal, Poison slapped and tried to beat
her into submission. Baby T was found dead
on the concrete floor with her head split open.
She was alone with Onko in the room at the
time of her death. Onko committed suicide
thereafter. Baby T: Faceless revolves mostly
around Baby T and the circumstances leading to
her death. She was Maa Tsuru’s third child
and Fofo’s elder sister. She got defiled early by
Kpakpo and thereafter by Onko whom she
trusted. She was sold into prostitution through
Kpakpo’s gimmicks. A victim of parental
neglect like her sister Fofo, Baby T’s badly beaten
and mutilated body was found behind a
kiosk in Agbogbloshie market.
2)
i)
Poverty And Corruption
Corruption often conjures up images of people
getting rich. But in fact, corruption’s
connections to poverty are far more numerous
and pervasive. Corruption delays, distorts and
diverts economic growth. It comes in a variety of
forms, and while no two countries are alike,
there are common dilemmas for all to see.
The links between corruption and poverty affect
both individuals and businesses, and they
run in both directions: poverty invites corruption,
while corruption deepens poverty.
Corruption both causes and thrives upon
weaknesses in key economic, political and social
institutions. It is a form of self-serving influence
akin to a heavily regressive tax, benefiting
the haves at the expense of the have-nots.
Trust–essential to financial markets and effective
governments everywhere–is difficult to build in
poor and corrupt societies. Poor people and
economically strapped businesses have few
economic alternatives, and where serious
corruption is the norm, they are even more
vulnerable to exploitation. In that sense, there is
no such thing as “petty” corruption: police
shakedowns in a public market, or roadblocks in
the countryside where farmers must pay up in
order to transport produce to the city, may
yield seemingly trivial sums of money, but they
help keep poor people poor. Low-level
officials themselves may have trouble earning an
honest living. In poor societies, they are
often underpaid, when they are paid at all, and
must provide a stream of payments to
patrons at higher levels. In such settings, bribery,
extortion and theft become matters of
survival. For businesses small and large, and
particularly for international investors, serious
corruption has formidable costs. It is tempting–
and, at times has been fashionable–to think
of bribery as grease for the wheels of
bureaucracy. And indeed a sweetener or
backhander
paid to the right person at the right time might
help one firm, on one day, get a permit or a
license more quickly.
But if we draw back from that isolated
transaction, the deeply damaging dynamics
become
evident. A firm that pays up is telling those
underpaid or unpaid officials that they can make
money by dragging their feet, “losing” paperwork
or contriving new requirements, forms and
delays. They are erecting a very prominent sign
that says, “We Pay.” Such signals flash
quickly through an economy and a bureaucracy,
particularly where legitimate opportunities
are scarce, making for even more corruption.
In corrupt markets and public bidding processes,
inefficient firms and dishonest bidders have
major advantages over honest competitors.
Connections and cash, rather than innovation
and excellence, become the ways to win
contracts. Developing human capital and
technical
capacity for the next generation are far less
attractive than graft in the here and now. Long-
suffering citizens will not get what they pay for,
but they will surely pay for what they get:
Waste, shoddy performance and phony cost
overruns can all be covered up by bribes. The
human costs of such corruption may emerge only
later, when bridges crumple and large
buildings collapse, as they have in the earthquake
zones of Turkey, Iran and China.
At a higher level, extensive corruption threatens
the basic notion of a fair return to
investment, risk and work. It undermines basic
property rights, the courts, police, banking
and currencies. Where contracts cannot readily be
enforced, assets cannot be protected,
regulatory processes become tools of self-
enrichment and the basic safety of persons and
property is not assured. Corrupt, short-term gains
might be huge, yet protecting those gains
for the long term or reinvesting them may be all
but impossible.
ii)
Pedagogy of the Oppressed (Portuguese:
Pedagogia do Oprimido), written by educator
Paulo
Freire, proposes a pedagogy with a new
relationship between teacher, student, and
society. It
was first published in Portuguese in 1968, and
was translated by Myra Ramos into English
and published in 1970.[1] The book is considered
one of the foundational texts of critical
pedagogy.
Dedicated to what is called “the oppressed” and
based on his own experience helping
Brazilian adults to read and write, Freire includes
a detailed Marxist class analysis in his
exploration of the relationship between what he
calls “the colonizer” and “the colonized”.
5)
This Story is the literary offspring of The Castle of
Otranto, written upon the same plan, with
a design to unite the most attractive and
interesting circumstances of the ancient Romance
and modern Novel.
In his novel, Walpole sought to blend together
what was termed “new” and “old” romance.
“Old” romance was identified by its fantastical
nature, whilst the “new” variety (at the time of
writing) was more grounded in reality. In this
blending of the two styles, Walpole placed
ordinary people in extraordinary situations. The
core elements of The Castle of Otranto
quickly became staples of gothic fiction. Despite
being written 250 years ago, the legacy of
The Castle of Otranto continues to be found
within modern fiction. Take Stephenie Meyer’s
hugely popular Twilight novels, in which Bella is
romantically pursued by the vampire Edward
and the werewolf Jacob while fleeing the
supernatural machinations of the vampires James
and Victoria. Stephen King’s The Shining is
steeped in gothic influences, including The
Masque of the Red Death by Edgar Allen Poe
(which was also directly influenced by The
Castle of Otranto). The Overlook Hotel in The
Shining acts as a replacement for the traditional
gothic castle, whilst Jack Torrance is a villain
tinged with tragedy who seeks redemption.
While not gothic per se, the horror in HP
Lovecraft’s writing was undoubtedly influenced by
the gothic tales told by his grandfather. Gothic
cinema has rarely been far from the screen,
as proven by the British Film Institute’s recent
season dedicated to the gothic. Many of the
early gothic movies, such as a Nosferatu, are still
hailed as classics to this day, while Bram
Stoker’s Dracula has repeatedly been adapted for
film.
7)
Native Son (1940) is a novel written by African-
American author Richard Wright. The novel
tells the story of 20-year-old Bigger Thomas, an
African-American youth living in utter poverty
in a poor area on Chicago’s South Side in the
1930s.
While not apologizing for Bigger’s crimes, Wright
portrays a systemic inevitability behind
them. Bigger’s lawyer makes the case that there
is no escape from this destiny for his client
or any other black American since they are the
necessary product of the society that formed
them and told them since birth who exactly they
were supposed to be.
“No American Negro exists”, James Baldwin once
wrote, “who does not have his private
Bigger Thomas living in his skull.” Frantz Fanon
discusses the feeling in his 1952 essay,
L’expérience vécue du noir, or The Fact of
Blackness. “In the end”, writes Fanon, “Bigger
Thomas acts. To put an end to his tension, he
acts, he responds to the world’s anticipation.”
The protagonist of the novel, Bigger commits two
ghastly crimes and is put on trial for his
life. He is convicted and sentenced to the electric
chair. His acts give the novel action but the
real plot involves Bigger’s reactions to his
environment and his crime. Through it all, Bigger
struggles to discuss his feelings, but he can
neither find the words to fully express himself
nor does he have the time to say them. However,
as they have been related through the
narration, Bigger—typical of the “outsider”
archetype—has finally discovered the only
important and real thing: his life. Though too late,
his realization that he is alive—and able to
choose to befriend Mr. Max—creates some hope
that men like him might be reached earlier.