Transport and logistics from around the world.

Public transport is usually available in all cities and major town in Canada. Buses are the most common public transit in major cities in Canada. However, some cities also have streetcars, light-rail trains or subways. More also, it is possible for a passenger in Canada city to complete a single journey with two (2) or more modes of transport.
If you want to use public transport in any of the cities in Canada, you need to purchase a ticket or a transit pass. However, transit passes allow a passenger unlimited use of public transportation for specific period of time e.g. one (1), month two (2) months or more. Moreover, if you plan to use public transport regularly in Canada then, it is advisable to purchase transit passes, this is because they are usually cheaper when you compare it to many tickets.
Nevertheless, in most cities in Canada you can get your tickets at major transit stations, convenience stores or from the bus driver and if you need more information about public transport in your city then you need to visit an information kiosk at a main transit station, or calling a transit information line and you may also visit the website of your municipal government.
Public Transport by Taxis
All cities and towns in Canada have transport companies that provide public transport service to people. It is important to know that taxis in Canada are expensive therefore, if you want to know how much a trip will cost, it is better you ask the driver before the journey commences, this is because taxis have meters that use set rate to calculate the cost of your trip, and they are not negotiable because the rates are fixed. Since, taxis are quite expensive hence; most people in Canada only use them when they do not have any option. However, when you see an official identification card on the dashboard of a taxi, it shows that the taxi driver is licensed by the city.
Two major ways to board a taxi in Canada

You need to make a call for a taxi to pick you up. It is either you call the number of any of the taxis companies or you call the transport department of your municipal government. However, when you call for a taxi, the operator will ask your name and the address of where you are expecting the taxi to pick you up as well as the address of where you are going i.e. your destination.

You can board a taxi by waiting on the street sidewalk for an empty taxi, so when you sight an empty taxi coming to your direction just wave to the driver to stop for you. In addition, you can also board a taxi at a taxi stand.

Public transportation by bus and coach
Road transportation by bus is the most popular transportation in Brazil. Bus transport is highly preferred in Brazil because it is easily affordable by the public. In addition, lack of well established rail system for the public makes, bus transport becomes the most patronized transport in Brazil, with not less than two hundred (200) service providers transporting over one forty million (140,000,000 ) passengers each year.
Bus transport operations system in Brazil
The public transport by bus in Brazil operates on three (3) different levels:

Federal level: at this level bus travels across the borders and between different states in Brazil.

State level: at this level public transport is made within the state. In other words, bus travels within the state.

Municipal level: travel by bus within individual town and cities in Brazil.

Bus transport providers in Brazil
The lists below among others are the main transport providers by bus in Brazil. They are:

A) Pluma

B) Garcia

C) transbrasiliana

D) Nacional Expresso

Public transport by train in Brazil
Passenger rail transport services are very few in Brazil that is why bus transportation is more preferable by the Brazilian to rail transportation. However, the rail transportation system in Brazil is more efficient in cargo transportation. In fact, a large portion of rail transport system is used for cargo transportation.
Rail transport operations system in BrazilLocal trains:
These trains are used for regional transportation to some metropolitan suburbs, small interior towns and the coast.
National trains:
National trains operate across the cities in Brazil, people and goods are moved from one city to another by national trains, however, Sao Paulo State has no rail network that links the state with other cities aside from Sao Paulo State.
International trains:
Brazil has international trains that link the country with other countries that share border with Brazil. However, out of ten (10) countries that Brazil shares border with only three (3) of them can be reached by rail transport. The three countries are Argentina, Uruguay and Bolivia.
Local trains:
Brazil also has local trains that are used for regional transport to some metropolitan suburbs, small interior towns and the coast.
In conclusion, having considering the rail transport operations in Brazil, it is glaring that the rail transport system is not a common means of public transport.
Source: AngloINFO

Australia has many forms of transport, for instance, the country has more than 300 airports and not less than 33,819 km railway network. However, the country depends most on road transportation for instance; the number of car ownership in Australia is the second highest in the world. For you to determine the most affordable and convenient public transport option for any journey you intend to embark on, in Australia, you need to familiarize yourself with local, regional and cross-country transportation’s option.
Transportation by air in Australia
If you plan to travel long distance either between major cities or different regions in Australia, transportation by air may be the best option for you, the option will enable you to arrive your destination in time.
Transportation by rail in Australia
Rail transport system in Australia is more affordable and well established means of transport either within the state or between two states and across the country. The rail system provides different passes for passengers that allow multiple travel dates for up to ninety (90) days, hence, making the system cheaper and affordable. However, a research report has shown that rail transport system was the main mode of public transport used in Australia cities between 1945 and 2010. Even till today rail transport still remains an efficient means of public transport in Australia.
Transportation by bus in Australia (Adelaide city as a case study)
In Adelaide city, Australia Adelaide Metro public transport system is extensively patronized. Here, are some facts about the Adelaide transport service:

The transport service provides transportation service to not less than eighty percent (80%) passengers by bus.

The transport service operates over nine hundred (9,000) scheduled bus every weekday.

Adelaide Metro public transport plies over two hundred routes by bus.

Adelaide city in Australia has over seven thousand five hundred (7,500) bus stops.

A passenger in Adelaide can complete a single journey between modes of transport within two (2) hours by using metro cards. This card is an integrated smartcard ticketing system that allows a passenger to change from one mode of transports e.g. bus, train and tram to another within two hours.

Children less than five (5) years old enjoy free transport at all times, when they are accompanied by an adult. More also, two (2) children less than fifteen (15) years of age can also enjoy free transport when they are also, accompanied by an adult by using a day trip ticket on weekends, school holidays, and public holidays.

There are different modes of transport viz: Rail transportation, Sea Transportation, Air transportation, Road transportation and Pipeline transportation. However, in road transportation we have three (3) transport systems which are Road transport system, Rail transport system and monorail transport system, in all of these transport modes and systems, monorail is the most unpopular overland transport in developing countries. For instance, one day precisely on 15th of January, 2015. I walked into a particular organization in the Ibadan city where l live, Oyo State, Nigeria, to ask just a question from all the staff and my question on that day was “Do you know monorail or have you heard about monorail before?” In fact, none of them actually know what monorail really is. I was flabbergasted or surprised when some of them started using questions to answer my question, someone asked me, was it a name of a person or thing or what? Many other questions were thrown back to me on that day why they failed completely to answer my own question. However, before and after the said day, I had also asked some people the same question but none of them could actually tell me anything they know about monorail, despite, the fact that, the word monorail is coined from two words “Mono” and “Rail” Mono which refers to one single object and rail which is a popular word used for railway track, one would have expected them to suggest transport or to suppose it to be transport but unfortunately, they could not suggest it to be transport system or think in that direction. This to me, shows, that they have poor understanding on monorail transport system and that is why I need to write about monorail for all my lovely readers.
Rivers State Government Educates Indigenes on Monorail?
However, I cannot blame the said people I interviewed why? It is because is not easy to talk about a thing you have not read, seen or heard before and that was why I found it more important to write an article on monorail. Indeed, monorail is unpopular transport system in African countries.
Nevertheless, in Port-Harcourt city, Rivers State, Nigeria, where I also lived before, the people living there are familiar with the monorail transport system. The government of the state embarked on a monorail project tagged Rivers Monorail. The government of Rivers State organized an educative program on radio and other Medias educating their indigenes on Rivers Monorail system telling them the importance of monorail in Port Harcourt city where the traffic volume is high day by day.
Truly speaking a quite number of people or sizable number of people in developing countries do not have clear understanding of monorail as a viable transport system to compliment mass transit. Hence, monorail is a type of transport which its grade is raised particularly above the ground level. The word grade here simply means the special road or track made or designed for monorail to move or travel on.
The Characteristic of Monorail
Monorail is normally elevated above traffic, above congestion, above pedestrian and above vehicles. In fact, its grade is separated from surface traffic of all kinds, cars, trucks, trains, people, bicycle, motorcycle and so on. So that monorail can run without any interference from other means of transport thereby, improving traffic flow and reducing the accident rate. These are part of the uniqueness of monorail.
Monorail the Safest Transport System
In addition, monorail is the safest transport system because of its grade separation. It cannot for any reason whatsoever collide with cars or other vehicles or run over people or bicycles. In fact, people can ride bike or walk without having to look out for on coming vehicles or train as the case may be for any pedestrian who intends to cross the road or railway track. Monorail actually wraps around single ” rail” and it cannot derail like I said. Indeed, it is the safest transport for now in the world. It has a low accident rate when you compare it to other transport modes. For instance, the first fatal monorail accident occurred on the 5th of July, 2009, at Walt Disney World in Florida. In fact, it is first fatal accident ever happened in the 38 year history of the monorail system. You can imagine it yourself the number of accidents that might occurred in other modes of transport in 38 years. Therefore, my earlier assertion that monorail is the safest transport system is not a gain saying but a stark truth.
No Noise Pollution in Monorail Transport
More so, monorail does not make any noise on motion unlike cars, articulated vehicles (trailers), buses, air crafts and so on. In fact, it is the most quiet overland transport. It does not produce any harmful noise like that of automobiles or jet airplanes in an environment. Do you know that the noise produced by vehicles and air crafts can be annoying or disturbing a man in his environment? But monorail transport system does not produce such undesirable noise. It is environmental friendly.
Monorail uses Electricity not Fuel.
It is also important to let you know that monorail is electrically powered therefore; a standby power supply is usually made available for its operations. Since it is powered by electricity it does not pollute our environments as we have in road transport and air craft. Hence, it supports the green environment program. However, monorail does not take a wide space as any one may think; its line can be placed in the street within a space of 4 or 5 feet Colum.
Monorail a Viable Public Transport
However, monorail has the capability to move large number of goods and people far more than what a luxurious bus can carry at once without interfering with any other land transport. Indeed, it is a good form of macro transportation. For instance, Walt Disney World monorail transport system in Florida, has one of the highest ridership in the world, it offers service to over 100,000 passengers in each day operations.
Monorail Operations Around the World
Nevertheless, it is also important to look at some of the countries where mono rail transport system is being used. Therefore, the under listed are the lists of operational monorail in the world and the numbers of their stations.
Country No of station(s)

Australia one

Belgium one

Brazil two

Canada one

China four

Finland one

Germany five

India one

Ireland one

Italy one

Japan ten

Malaysia two

Mexico one

Russian one

Singapore one

South Korea two

Spain one

Thailand one

UAE one

UK two

USA three

Turkmenistan one

South Africa one

However, from the above list, you will notice that Africa has no operational monorail, except in South Africa, this shows that it is uncommon transport in Africa.
However, the following are the proposed monorail in Africa and their stations.
Country no of station(s)

Egypt one
Monorail Operations Around the World
Nevertheless, it is also important to look at some of the countries where mono rail transport system is being used. Therefore, the under listed are the lists of operational monorail in the world and the numbers of their stations.
Country No of station(s)
1. Australia one
2. Belgium one
3. Brazil two
4. Canada one
5. China four
6. Finland one
7. Germany five
8. India one
9. Ireland one
10. Italy one
11. Japan ten
12. Malaysia two
13. Mexico one
14. Russian one
15. Singapore one
16. South Korea two
17. Spain one
18. Thailand one
19. UAE one
20. UK two
21. USA three
22. Turkmenistan one
23. South Africa one
However, from the above list, you will notice that Africa has no operational monorail, except in South Africa, this shows that it is uncommon transport in Africa.
However, the following are the proposed monorail in Africa and their stations.
Country no of station(s)
1. Morocco one
2 Nigeria six their locations are: Lagos, Port- Harcourt, Enugu, Aba, Onitsha and Umaiha.
3. Ghana one
4. South Africa two
5. Egypt one

Do you give much attention to your car’s tire?
Kindly permit me to start this article by asking a question and my question is: how much attention do you really give to your car’s tires as needed? I guess you only give little attention to the tires when they go flat by taking them to the road side vulcanizer to inflate your tires. Many car owners in developing countries do not have much care about their tires that move them all around on the road. Many lives have been lost while many others sustained permanent injuries on motor accidents due to poor maintenance of our tires. If your car tire is poorly managed it will pose a serious danger to the car owner and other road users. This is why this social problem must be eradicated for the benefit of all road users.
Do you know your car manufacture recommended tire pressure?
The truth of the matter is that most drivers or car owners in developing countries do not know the manufacturer recommended tire air pressure that their cars required. This is the bane of the problem. Furthermore, Vista Press and Distribution Logistics Limited (a company base in Nigeria), with the Federal Road Safety corps (a government agency for road safety in Nigeria), carried out a survey and exercise at some motor parks in Nigeria. The result of their survey shows that most vehicle owners or motorists in Nigeria do not know that their vehicle tires have manufacturer recommended safe air pressure. According to the managing Director of the said company, he discovered that most motorists leave the decision about their air pressure in the discretion of the road side vulcanizer or local tire mender or tire repairer, who is completely ignorant about such information. The result is that the vulcanizers almost in all cases over inflate the tire pumping, some to as high as 70psi instead of the recommended Pressure of 35psi he concluded. Source: The Punch Newspaper, Nigeria, Dated: 11/04/2012.
Over pumped or under inflated tire is dangerous.
However, when tires are over pumped it will lead to imprecise handling, in other words, it will be difficult for the drivers to handle such vehicle precisely, as a result of this the driver of such vehicles drive roughly on the road, consequently, it makes the tire’s treads to wear out untimely. Moreover, under inflated tires will reduce your fuel economy, in other words, it will make your vehicle to consume more fuel, in addition, it can also make your tire to generate unusual heat that can damage the life span of your tires. A vehicle with under inflated tires will be difficult for drivers to also handle properly and it may fail at high speed. Therefore, it is wrong and even dangerous if your car tires are over pumped or under inflated. Hence the saying, two wrong things can never make a right. To avoid any likely problem due to over pumped tires or to avoid traffic accident due to under inflated tires, it is advisable as a driver to pay more attention to the manufacturer recommended air pressure. It is also advisable for all motorists to check their vehicles’ tires pressure including their spare tire at least once in a month. This is because tire is expected to lose about one pound of pressure per month through the normal seepage.
You need to know the right time to check your tire pressure.
In addition, to know the accurate air pressure in your tires, it is advisable to check the air pressure when the tires are cold and do not fail to follow the manufacturer inflation recommended in your vehicle owners manual or on the tire information label located in the glove box. Nonetheless, due to the influence tire pressure has on vehicle safety and efficiency, it is important for all car owners in developing countries to properly maintain their vehicles tires for the benefit of road users.
Source: HowStuffWorks

You don’t need to die untimely because you ride your car. Virtually everyday people lost their lives in a motor accident around the world. Every fatal accident on the road results to a death of a road user. Hence airbag is able to save your life in such a time.
Air bags in your car are made to reduce the likely harm that may happen to you during collision or accident. It is a safety feature that is designed to protect the occupants or passengers in an accident or collision. When accident occurs air bags are deployed immediately to prevent occupants from being injured, for instance, the air bag will protect you from hitting your head on the steering or dashboard which may hurt you during collision. Hence, with the help of air bag you may hit your head on the air pillow which may not hurt you during collision. A report has shown that air bags have reduced the number of deaths and serious injuries from roads accidents. For instance,” according to the Insurance, Institute for Highway Safety, the number of deaths when both seatbelts and air bag were used was 24% less than when only seat belts were used. Hence, the National Traffic and Safety Administration (NHTSA) now require cars made after 1998 to contain both driver side and passenger air bags.” By Bryant.
However, for the airbags to be more effective it is necessary to use seat belt. During collision, the seat belt will hold you firm to your seat while the airbag absorb the force of the impact. Apart from preventing serious injury, they have also saved many lives.
Typeofair bag
There are two types of air bags they are, the frontal airbags and the side-impact airbags. The frontal airbags are meant to prevent the driver and passenger in front from hitting the interior parts of the vehicle while, the side-impact airbags keep the head or the chest from impact.
An Air Bag Component
The air bag system is made up of two main components, which are the impact sensor and the air bag module unit. The impact sensor simply senses impacts. If an accident occurs, the impact sensor sends a signal (i.e. an electrical current) to the air bag module unit causing it to deploy in a short space of time. The sensors are located in the front of the car.
The air bag module unit is located in the steering column on the side of the driver and also, in the dashboard on the side of the passenger. This unit is made up of an air inflator assembly, a nylon bag and a breakaway cover. However, the whole sequence between the initial detection of a crash by the sensor and when the air bag is fully deployed happens in a short space of time. This is very important in other to protect the occupants from being injured.
Source: web.bryant.edu

Do you know that a study by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has revealed that under-inflated and worn tires increase the likelihood of a crash?
Do not be ignorant about the tires that move you around on the road. You should know that the only things that separate you from the ground or road are the tires in your vehicle. If you have a car or you drive a vehicle and you don’t know anything about the tires that move you around’ it is nothing but an ignorant mistake that must be corrected for the betterment of all road users. I asked some drivers questions about the tires in their vehicles but unfortunately, they could not provide any answer to my questions. The truth of the matter is that, most drivers lack basic information they need to know about the tires in their vehicles. Obviously, there is lot of information written or printed on both sidewalls of your tires that, you need to know them for safety purpose.
Moreover, if you want to buy a new tire such information will help and guide you to buy the right tire, so you will not be confused or deceived by those desperate tire sellers who aim to sell their tires at all cost without considering the tire’s specifications needed for your car.
Take time to know the information on your tire
However, when you look at any given tire, you will notice some small printings or markings on the side wall of the tire; these may appear to you as confusing jargon. Do you know why? It is because you don’t know the significance of some of these sidewall printings or information. You do not know what all this stuff really mean in a regular terms that is why they appear to you like unnecessary jargon but in the real sense they are unavoidable information you need to know about the tires in your car. However, I wish to let you know that each section of the small print on your tire’s sidewall means something and you need to take your time to know them. Nevertheless, let us take a critical look on some of the information on your tire.
The types of tire you need to know
(1) When you see a letter ‘P’ on a tire that tells the type of tire it is and it simply means that the tire is a passenger vehicle tire. A private vehicle and public transport vehicle can use such a tire.
(2) When you see the letters ‘LT’ on a tire it is another type of tire you also need to know. It simply means the tire is for a light truck vehicle. For instance, if you have a truck e.g. a pick-up van and you want to replace the tire with a new tire then, do not buy a tire that carries letter ‘P’ rather look for a tire that carries letters ‘LT’ for your truck.
(3) Another type of tire is a tire that carries letter ‘T’ it means that such tire can be used temporarily or as a spare tire. These are the main types of tire we have.
Source: HowStuffWorks.

Public Transport Defined
Public transport is the kind of transport that is meant for the public which is concerned with the movement of people and goods or any object from one area of collection to another area call destination.
The Public Transport Providers
This kind of transport can be provided by both public and private agencies. For instance, it is public when it is provided by the government and it is private when it is provided by private individual. However, whether is provided by the government or private individual since it is meant to provide service to the public, they are referred to as public transport. Public transport can be provided by all the mode of transport such as road, rail, air and water transportation. However, this article focuses more on road transportation.
Macro and Micro Transportation
Public transport could be macro and micro transportation. It is macro transportation when it carries people and goods in a large scale and it is micro transportation when it carries people and goods on a small scale e.g. taxicab, motorcycle, tricycle and so on.
Qualities of Public Transport
However, public transport is expected to provide quality service to its users anytime or any day. Quality service in transport means the extent to which public transport service providers meet the desired expectations of its customers (passengers). Such expectations include:

Safety

Reliability

Cheap and Affordable.

Fast

Convenience and comfort.

User’s information.

Benefits of Public Transport to the Society
Having talked about customers’ expectation from public transport provider, it is equally important to talk about its benefits to the society where it operates. In other words, it must help to protect and improve the society where it functions. However, public transport provides the following benefits not only to its customers but to the society at large .Such benefits, among others include;

It reduces the rate of accident in the society.

Although, mass transit do have accident but it is much lower when you compare it to the rate of accident by private cars or vehicles. According to, National Safety Council (USA), estimated that public transport is over 170 times safer than private cars.

It is economical and efficient.

Public transport is able to accomplish a purpose of carrying fairly large number of people and goods at once than what private vehicles can carry. More also, it is an economical transportation. It is more economical than any other form of travel. For example, a research carried out by Brooking Institution and American Enterprise Institute revealed that public transport in U.S. uses approximately half of the fuel required by cars, SUV’s and light trucks.

It supports the green environment.

Private vehicles produce much more of carbon monoxide that depletes the ozone layer. The use of public transport reduces the carbon monoxide thereby, contributes to the green environment. In other words, mass transit makes our environment more sustainable by polluting less when compared to private motorized transport.

It creates jobs and also create economic boost to the area of job locations. It makes jobs, services and other amenities accessible.

It is also a notable means of reducing traffic congestion.

It supports social justice by providing affordable and cheap transport service to the rich and the poor.

Conclusion
It is not a gain saying that public transport has huge benefits but the only way to achieve these benefits is when it is highly patronized in the society. However, on the other hand, a transport company must be aware that a good transport system is made up of good transport services, good employment for transport staff and good management, so as to provide transport that is safe, reliable, fast, convenience, cheap and affordable for all its prospective customers.

Road transport is the oldest mode of transportation that still plays an important role to the modern economy. In fact, according to the National Bureau of Statistics, road transport contributes not less than ninety percent (90%) to the GDP from transport-related activities.
Its accessibility and flexibility coupled with mass production of automobile by different manufacturers make the road transportation paramount in our daily activities hence the need for road management in our society becomes inevitable. The problems of road transport are more than building the highways. For instance, in 1990 Nigeria had over one hundred and eight thousand (108,000) km surface road net work, which is the highest road net work in West Africa and second in sub Sahara region. Currently, road net work in Nigeria is more than one hundred and ninety four thousand (194,000) km.
Despite, the high numbers of road net work, the road users still encounter different traffic problems virtually every day. According to Federal Ministry of Works and Housing (FMW&H), the annual loss due to bad road is valued to eight (8) billion naira, while operating cost resulting from bad roads is valued at N53.8 billion.
Road net work is not the road problem in Nigeria.
At this point, it is important to note that, some of the traffic problems encountered on our highways generally come as a result of deplorable condition of the road and not the road net work itself. These problems were however, worsened by lack of good maintenance of the existing transport facilities. For instance, let us imagine an over loading lorry abandoned its track in a bid to evade one pot hole or the other on highway may pose a serious danger to other road users.
Furthermore, statistics available at Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC) in 2009 shows, that 8 out of every accident were caused by pot-holes in Nigeria. This is a clear point of poor road maintenance which shows that we lack good road management structure.
The incorrect conception of a good road
In Nigeria, to have good roads to average road users simply means construction of new roads and building of highways which may not even stand the test of time due to poor construction while the contractors make huge amount of money from such contracts. This is the basis of poor road infrastructure which cut across all level of governments. What a misconception indeed!
Importance of Road maintenance
Meanwhile, the objectives of the federal road development project in Nigeria are: “ To reduce passenger travel times; vehicle operating cost and traffic related facilities or targeted federal roads and assist federal government of Nigeria to manage Nigeria Federal road assets in sustainable manner” However, as important the objectives are they can never be achieved by building roads and highways alone. It calls for proper maintenance and management of existing national highways or roads. The basic objective of road maintenance is to ensure that the road is constructed or made to maintain its original condition throughout its designed life. Road maintenance is intended to slow down the road deterioration and it should begin on the first day after the roads construction or improvement works are completed. Road maintenance is important in the following ways:

It prolongs the life of the road by reducing the rate of deterioration thereby, safe guarding previous investments in construction and rehabilitation of the road.

It lowers the cost of operating vehicles on the roads by providing a smooth running surface.

It keeps the roads open for traffic and contributes to more reliable transport services.

It sustains social and economic benefits.

It reduces the accident rate if the road users are safety conscious.

The effect of regular and timely maintenance is to increase the life span of the road by putting off the date at which it needs to be re-constructed. This will provide a higher rate of return on the initial investment. However, it can be argued that the construction of any road that consumes a large amount of money as the case always is in Nigeria is of limited importance, if there is no effective maintenance afterwards.
The problem of inadequate funding and untimely maintenance of road infrastructure in Nigeria has been a great concern to me and other road users, although, much efforts have been made in road construction in different state, local and federal levels by governments while proper maintenance of the road itself has lagged behind.
Factors responsible for poor road infrastructure
Road management as it were, in real sense, involve all factors needed for a good road infrastructure which include, adequate funding, good construction, adequate safety, good research, good maintenance culture, trained traffic officials, capable authorities and agencies such as FERMA, VIO, FRSC etc at federal level, LASTMA, TIMARIV, OYTMA, etc at state level.
Besides, some of our roads are plagued by numbers of problems which include faulty engineering designs, inadequate drainage system, poor maintenance culture to mention but a few. In addition, over loading vehicles and heavy duty vehicles often cause premature road deterioration on our roads. All these problems have resorted in littered pot-holes, washing away of pavement, and collapse of bridges and so on, in some of Nigeria roads.
Major solution to poor road infrastructure
To put a stop to these problems, awaiting new road contract is not in enough, while the existing roads are deteriorating virtually every day with little or no maintenance. Enough effort should be made by the government at all levels, private individuals and agencies concerned to ensure proper maintenance of roads.
It is a known fact that lack of access is a key determinant of poverty. Without access communities will face greater obstacles in obtaining health, education and other social services. In addition, ability to take advantage of surplus agric produce in the rural areas and employment opportunities will be severely constrained, if there’s no better access. Therefore, roads are the key element in provision of physical access. Hence, the benefits of building roads are short-lived, if the roads are not maintained.
Conclusion
However, when a new contract is awarded to a contractor, patriotic qualified engineers from the side of the government should monitor and ensure that the road construction is made according to the specification in the contract agreement. By this, building a good road that will stand the test of time with good maintenance culture would go a long way to reducing accident rate, lowering vehicle operating cost and sustaining social and economic activities in our society.

According to data from the Walk Score team, here are the 25 best American cities for public transit.
The transit score bases on how well a particular location or an area is served by public transport. However, the team used open data released by local public transit agencies as a basis for the ranking. In addition, only those cities that provide open public transit data in America were ranked.
This is the full list: