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International Day For Disaster Reduction: 15 Natural Disasters That Shook India

The International Day for Disaster Reduction (IDDR) encourages every citizen and government to take part in building more disaster resilient communities and nations. The United Nations General Assembly designated October 13th as the International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction as part of its proclamation of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. In 2002, by a further resolution, the General Assembly decided to maintain the annual observance as a vehicle to promote a global culture of natural disaster reduction, including prevention, mitigation and preparedness. In 2009, the UN General Assembly decided to designate October 13 as the official date and also changed the name to International Day for Disaster Reduction. Here is a list of some highly devastating natural disasters India has ever seen.

1. Deccan Famine of 1632-33

It was during the reign of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. This famine was caused due to the lack of food crops for three consecutive harvesting seasons. The deficiency of food, increased hunger and the associated diseases ended up killing more than 20 lakh citizens in India.

2. 1737 Calcutta Cyclone

Also known as the Hooghly River Cyclone, it happened 1737 in and is still believed to be one of the worst in the history of natural disasters of all time. The storm surge resulting from the cyclone that struck the low-lying regions of Bengal, led to the sinking of more than 20,000 ships, and the death toll in the city of Calcutta alone was 3000. Most buildings and houses collapsed, especially those that were built from thatch and mud.

3. 1770 Bengal Famine

The Bengal Famine that struck people in 1770 was the reason behind more than 10 million people losing their lives. During this time, the British East India Company insisted on growing opium for export instead of the staple food crops. This caused widespread necessity of food required for the survival of Bengal’s population. Not only was Bengal affected, but also parts of present day Bihar and Odisha. Though warning signs started surfacing from 1768, the East India Company chose to ignore them, thus leading to the fatal famine that wiped out almost the entire population.

4. Coringa Cyclone of 1839

The Coringa Cyclone that struck the coasts of Andhra Pradesh on November 25, 1839, claimed the lives of almost three lakh inhabitants. An important harbor town, the cyclone also resulted in more than 25,000 shipwrecks. This significant city was turned into the state of a devastated village by the enormous 12-meter rise in sea level.

5. The Great Famine of 1876-78

Another great tragedy for India, the Great Famine of 1876-78, affected the lives of more than 5.5 million people, residing in areas like Mumbai, Hyderabad, Chennai and Mysore. Not only was it caused by natural dearth of food crops, but also the harvesting of cash crops that were forced upon farmers.

6. The Third Plague Pandemic

In the year 1855, China’s Yunan province was terrorized by the lethal bubonic plague, which travelled to India by the end of the century, causing the disaster known famously as the Third Plague Pandemic. Carried by infected rats, the disease claimed its victims within a span of two days. The epidemic was rampant in the cities of Kolkata, Mumbai, Pune, Chennai and Karachi. Within a week the death count crossed 34,000, and despite all efforts of the British Government to save the lives of those affected, most of the contaminated population could not survive. The plague continued for the next thirty years, killing more than 1.2 crore Indians.

7. 1943 Bengal Famine

One of the most lamentable incidents in the history of Bengal is the Famine of 1943, which unlike earlier similar episodes, obliterated most of the population of artisans and traders. After the nation saw food shortage for two consecutive years, people began spending all their money on their daily meals, and workers saw their income drop within days. Following the Japanese invasion of Burma, all supply of rice from the latter stopped coming into India, causing the death of almost 40-lakh people in the country.

8. 1979 Lahaul Valley Avalanche

In 1979, the Lahaul Spiti Valley in Himachal Pradesh faced excessive snowfall that ended up in a tragic avalanche. The disastrous landslide, which was the only such occurrence in the Himalayas, resulted in the deaths of 200 people who were submerged under 20 feet deep snow. The snow slide was so fatal that it is considered as one of the most dangerous in the history of avalanches in the world.
9. 1993 Latur Earthquake

The Latur earthquake that hit Maharashtra on September 30, 1993, was so crippling that 52 villages in Osmanabad and Latur were erased from the face of the earth. Having a magnitude of 6.2 on the Richter scale, the earthquake did more damage to life than expected owing to its stronger shock waves. It is believed that fault lines in this area were the major cause of this ruinous disaster. The destruction was so deadly that the epicenter, Killari, has left behind a large crater even today.

10. Odisha Cyclone of 1999

One of the most catastrophic natural disasters that ever affected the Indian Ocean, the Odisha Cyclone of 1999 wreaked havoc from October 25 to October 28. The depression originated in the Malay Peninsula, but swiftly moved to India with the storm raging at 160 mph. Infamously known as the Paradip Cyclone, its death toll hit the 10,000 mark, and also caused irreversible vandalism on the inhabitants of the area.

11. 2001 Gujarat Earthquake

On 26th January, 2001, an earthquake that measured 7.7 on the Richter scale, hit Gujarat and claimed the lives of more than 20,000 people. Though it lasted for approximately 42 seconds, the earthquake caused severe damage to 400,000 houses, and injured almost 167,000 people. Affecting the areas of Kutch and Bhuj, innumerable schools and hospitals were turned to rubble in seconds, and the entire population’s food and water became almost non-existent. What turned out to be the biggest blow was the destruction of the Bhuj Civil Hospital, thus hampering immediate medical attention to the affected. As a quick rescue measure, the defense forces of India came forward to offer their help till a Red Cross hospital was swiftly set up to provide necessary services.

12. 2002 Indian Heat Waves

In 2002, southern parts of India were faced with extreme heat waves that ended up taking the lives of many people. Most of the affected were those who were homeless. Andhra Pradesh was the worst hit, with all water bodies drying up quickly, and several animals and birds dying of thirst.
13. 2004 The Indian Ocean Tsunami

On December 26, 2004, the region around Sumatra, in Indonesia experienced an earthquake that measured a colossal 9.0 on the Richter scale. The deleterious earthquake not only took the lives of thousands in Indonesia, but also set off a tsunami in the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean Tsunami was so cataclysmic that countless people were left penniless without a shelter over their head. Also, almost 10, 136 inhabitants lost their lives, while more than 5832 people were nowhere to be found. Especially ravaged were the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Tamil Nadu.

14. 2013 Uttarakhand Flash Floods

In 2013, Uttarakhand was devastated by flash floods that were brought about by menacing cloudbursts. It is considered to be one of the most calamitous incidents that took place in India since the Tsunami. The massive floods demolished parts of Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Haryana, and also certain areas of Tibet and Nepal, apart from Uttarakhand.

15. 2014 Kashmir Flood

Recently, in 2014, September, Kashmir, the ‘paradise’ state, faced heavy deluge as the monsoon rains dealt its blow, causing the Chenab and the Jhelum rivers to overflow. The floods cut off all lines of communication, and ruined more than 2600 villages in the area. Most of Srinagar was engulfed by 12-feet of water, ruining schools, hospitals and homes, and resulting in the death of almost 200 people. Not only was the state of Jammu and Kashmir affected, but the Pakistan-governed Azad Kashmir was traumatized by the catastrophe.