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Abstract

The absolute scale of the second-order nonlinear-optical coefficients of several important nonlinear-optical materials has been obtained with improved accuracy. Second-harmonic generation, parametric fluorescence, and difference-frequency generation measurements have been made at several wavelengths in the near-infrared region. The second-harmonic generation measurement was performed at the fundamental wavelengths of 1.548, 1.533, 1.313, 1.064, and 0.852 µm. The materials measured included congruent LiNbO3,1%MgO:LiNbO3,5%MgO:LiNbO3,LiTaO3,KNbO3,KTiOPO4,KH2PO4, quartz, GaAs, GaP, α-ZnS, CdS, ZnSe, and CdTe. We made the parametric fluorescence measurement to determine the nonlinear-optical coefficients of congruent LiNbO3 and 5%MgO:LiNbO3 at pump wavelengths of 0.532 and 0.488 µm. We made the difference-frequency generation measurement for congruent LiNbO3 at a pump wavelength of 0.532 µm. The second-harmonic generation, parametric fluorescence, and difference-frequency generation measurements yielded consistent data on the nonlinear-optical coefficients of the materials. We found that many of the currently accepted standard values are overestimated because of neglect of the multiple-reflection effect in (nearly) plane-parallel-plate samples. The dispersion of the nonlinear-optical coefficients showed that Miller’s Δ is barely constant over the wavelength range measured and thus that Miller’s rule is not so good as other methods for wavelength scaling of the nonlinear-optical coefficients.

References

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a The wavelengths shown are the fundamental wavelengths for SHG or the pump wavelengths for PF (denoted λp).b Relative SHG values are rescaled with d36(KDP)=0.39pm/V.11c Relative SHG values are rescaled with d11(quartz)=0.30pm/V.10,11d Relative SHG values are rescaled with d36(ADP)=0.47pm/V.10,11e Relative SHG values are rescaled with d31(LiIO3)=4.2pm/V.7

Table 3

Methods and Wavelengths for Determination of Nonlinear-Optical Coefficients of Congruent LiNbO3a

Wavelength

Coefficient

1.313 µm

1.064 µm

λp 0.532 µm

λp 0.488 µm

0.852 µm

d33

SHG (Abs.)

SHG (Abs., Rel.)

SHG (Abs.)

d31

SHG (Abs.)

SHG (Rel.)

DFG (Abs.)

PF (Abs.)

PF (Abs.)

SHG (Abs.)

a Abs., Rel., absolute and relative measurements, respectively. The wavelengths shown are the fundamental wavelengths for SHG or the pump wavelengths for PF and DFG (denoted λp).

a The wavelengths shown are the fundamental wavelengths for SHG or the pump wavelengths for PF (denoted λp).b Relative SHG values are rescaled with d36(KDP)=0.39pm/V.11c Relative SHG values are rescaled with d11(quartz)=0.30pm/V.10,11d Relative SHG values are rescaled with d36(ADP)=0.47pm/V.10,11e Relative SHG values are rescaled with d31(LiIO3)=4.2pm/V.7

Table 3

Methods and Wavelengths for Determination of Nonlinear-Optical Coefficients of Congruent LiNbO3a

Wavelength

Coefficient

1.313 µm

1.064 µm

λp 0.532 µm

λp 0.488 µm

0.852 µm

d33

SHG (Abs.)

SHG (Abs., Rel.)

SHG (Abs.)

d31

SHG (Abs.)

SHG (Rel.)

DFG (Abs.)

PF (Abs.)

PF (Abs.)

SHG (Abs.)

a Abs., Rel., absolute and relative measurements, respectively. The wavelengths shown are the fundamental wavelengths for SHG or the pump wavelengths for PF and DFG (denoted λp).