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Authors:Atıl Cem ÇİÇEKAbstract: With the addition of domestic developments to the world equations that changed after the WorldWar II, the transition to multi-party political life in Turkey began. One of the most importantevents in this process is the July 12 Declaration published by President İsmet İnönü. Thedeclaration read on the radio on July 11 was given to the press one day later and took its place in our political life as the July 12 Declaration. Thedeclaration issued in a period when the relationsbetween the ruling party and the opposition weretense and the multi-party political life was in astalemate is almost a "warranty certificate" of themulti-party political life. The declaration whichwas created by İnönü upon a series of meetingswith the ruling party and oppositionrepresentations earned its place in our history ofdemocracy with its periodical messages. Thedeclaration has a prescription for the continuity ofmulti-party political life. When judged by thehistorical context, the preeminence of thedeclaration emerges. As a result of the analysis,the declaration includes messages for both theopposing party and the government. Also, it maybe claimed that it consolidates the authority andsupports multi-party political life. This studyaccordingly aims to explain the declaration withinthe political and historical context. Theexplanation was made using the discourse analysiswhich is a qualitative research method.PubDate: Thu, 31 May 2018 00:00:00 +030

Authors:Alpay GEZERAbstract: Ayşe Kilimci deals with various aspects of love asa main or a side theme in her many stories, yet,she does not treat love only as an emotional framebetween man-woman relation. She accepts love asa dominant element of all good and beautiful acts.This author deals critically to love experiencesaround her. Although she has witnessed that lovehas gradually turned into a one-person tradition,she does not lose faith in love. From her ownperspective, the author successfully explains whatlove is and sometimes what not to love, and hasdrawn a broad framework with originalmetaphors. Having a metaphoric and ironic sense,the writer sometimes uses symbolic characters inher stories, and she always catches magic of lovein her stories which have a realistic social view. Itis a natural necessary to use concrete concepts toexpress an abstract concept like love. That is whatthe analogy is. Moving from weak (abstract) tostrong (concrete) requires metaphorical elements.In addition, a less abstract description can be usedto describe an abstract concept. In this manner,Kilimci used metaphor as a leverage to convertlove, which has a very wide and deep meaning,into a concrete concept. While expressing theconcept of love with metaphors, she did not leaveher responsibility as writer. Regarding anobjective approach, some points may get invisiblewhile expanding a metaphorical idea or making ametaphorical idea clear. She is aware of darknessthat the metaphor covers. She gives opportunity tomake a sound assessment to readers, by usingironies or other metaphors to make clear the darkaspects that she has gleamed with metaphors. Inthis study, the metaphors which transfer preciouslove theme from abstract to concrete field in AyşeKilimci stories have been determined. Followingthese metaphors, metaphorical richness and colorof the author's view of love have been revealed.PubDate: Thu, 31 May 2018 00:00:00 +030

Authors:Bayram Arif KÖSEAbstract: Centers that located on trade and travel routes have maintained their importance throughout thehistory. Port cities, junctions of historic roads and capital cities have developed as absolutestopover places for these routes. Either it is the passion of states’ to acquire the historic routes orit is the curiosity of merchants or travelers, it has set ground for the information that is relevantto these centers to reach to us. In this sense, the part, that contains Trebizond, Zigana, Torul,Gümüşhane, Bayburt and Erzurum where can be count as the first stage of the historic caravanroute from Trebizond, where is an important port city, to Tabriz, has been the subject to thenotes of travelers from time to time. These travelers were the people who traveled mostly inmedieval times, either for trade reasons or as ambassadors. We can obtain important informations for their observations and theinformations that they heard, about the politicalrulers of the period, Turks’ activity towards theregion, about the cultural structure of the region.This article, puts forth of the political, economicand geographic condition of the TrebizondErzurumroute, based on the notes of medievaltravelers, merchants or ambassadors who haveseen Trebizond and Erzurum that are reaching tous.PubDate: Thu, 31 May 2018 00:00:00 +030

Authors:Yakup KARATAŞAbstract: Wars and especially world wars are verydestructive processes for societies and institutions.Exclusively World War I, as one of examples ofglobal alliance systems had fought, caused widelycalamities those haven’t seen before in worldhistory. Magnitude of this important event whichhas accepted as a landmark in terms of policy,demography, urbanism and settlements, would bemore clear with numericals of migrations anddeceases. Lots of quantitative evaluations hadenlighten this point till now. Handling thepopulation and migration process is an obligationto determine the numerical of losses. During theoccupations and invasions, the invaders haddestroyed or carried the registers of populationand deeds to their own countries near them. In thispaper some determinations and evaluations tookplace under the light of archival records ofpopulation of Province of Erzurum during theWorld War I. Forasmuch the province wasgeographically the biggest part of EasternAnatolia had missed lots of people and urbanvalues under the invasion with its districts and theother subunits a hundred years ago. Herebypopulation movements in Erzurum will beanalysed by the records on an important debatefield just as “population” -if Armenian claims alsobe considered-. Demographic structure ofErzurum before and after the war will be handledby acquired data from the funds of PersonalRecords, Telegraph and Police Headquarters ofMinistry of Internal Affairs of Ottoman Archive.As a result, destructive effects of the war to aspecific place such as Erzurum will beilluminated. PubDate: Thu, 31 May 2018 00:00:00 +030