Centrolenid frogs derive their common name from the transparent venter, through which internal organs can be seen in many species. Most Centrolenids are a shade of green, ranging from light lime green to dark green. Members of this family also have green bones as a result of green bile salts. Studies have shown that glass frogs contain a unique pigment in their skin that reflects the same wavelength infrared radiation that plants do, possibly another adaptation for concealment.Most glass frogs are small (30 mm) with one exception, Centrolene gekkoideum, which attains a length of 77 mm. Eggs are usually deposited on rocks or plants overhanging water, and are sometimes guarded by territorial males. The larvae drop into the water upon hatching and burrow in the sand or detritus at the bottom.

Species of this group occur from Venezuela down through Bolivia, Argentina, and southern Brazil in high montane habitats with streams.