Latintos stands for "language transformations in texts and open sources." The LATINTOS BLOG highlights different spellings and different meanings of words, phrases and abbreviations as well as their origin. Latintos compares words in different contexts and different languages including scientific and formal languages. Further, name construction is analyzed and applications of systematic names and nomenclature systems are monitored.

Thursday, January 30, 2014

Voles are small, mouse-size mammals closely related to other rodents such as lemmings. Voles are famously monogamous [1]. The prairie vole, for example, is an animal model for studying monogamous behavior and pair bonding. However, love-making and romance do not always translate simply into a granted male-female relation—at least not from a scientific viewpoint. Abigail Tucker, in a recent Smithsonian article, disclosed a dirty little secret [2]: “Prairie voles are socially, but not sexually, monogamous.”

Voles—like other mammals, including humans—exhibit the phenomenon of opportunistic infidelity. Some call it side-stepping, others cheating. And anthropologists have always known that monogamy is not the default condition in human cultures and civilization. The behavior of rejecting a recent and yearning for a new sex partner is dubbed the Coolidge Effect, based on an anecdotal story about John Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President of the United States, visiting a rooster & hen farm [3].

Interestingly, a lot of chemistry is behind how our (and the voles) bonding impulses are switched and wired: it has been found that natural variations in the DNA sequence of the vasopressin receptor gene determine the occurrence of neurochemical receptors in certain brain areas and thus the quality of monogamous or polygynous interaction [2,4]. Non-coding DNA, once misnamed “junk DNA,” plays a significant role in sexual programming.

When a female prairie vole received an oxytocin injection in her brain, she huddled with her partner more and formed stronger bonds. Another hormone, vasopressin, related to territoriality, has been found to promote pair-bonding in males. [...] If the hormones responsible for maternal behavior in females and territoriality in males were released during sex, they could foster this novel male-female bond. Prairie vole sex, for instance, involves an unusual amount of vaginal-cervical stimulation—probably an adapted behavior that triggers the oxytocin release normally associated with childbirth. Instead of bonding with a baby, the female bonds with her partner.