CMV Infection

Definition

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common infection that has an effect on the entire body. Once infected, the virus remains in your body for the rest of your life. It is often in a sleeping state, but can be activated by stressful situations.

Symptoms

The virus does not cause any symptoms when it is inactive. The virus may be activated because of stressful situations, medication, illness, or reduced immunity. Symptoms of the activated virus include:

Encephalitis—infection of the brain that can result in seizures or coma

Diagnosis

CMV infection is not often diagnosed because the virus rarely produces symptoms. If CMV is suspected, the doctor may look for signs of the infection in blood or fluid samples. A
biopsy
may also be done on organs that are affected.

Treatment

Most people infected with CMV will not need a specific treatment. Treatment may be needed if the virus is reactivated and you have a weakened immune system.

Antiviral medications may be used for people who have an organ transplant or a suppressed immune system.
These medications do not cure CMV, but can decrease the symptoms and duration of the illness.

Prevention

There is no way to prevent CMV, but there are some measures that can decrease your chance of the infection:

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

Cytomegalovirus. Family Doctor—American Association of Family Physicians website. Available at:
http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/cytomegalovirus.html. Updated July 2013. Accessed June 10, 2015.