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In the indicators of Table 2, "own children" refers to
sons and daughters, including stepchildren and adopted
children, of the householder who are single (never mar-ried)
and under 18 years of age. The following statements
summarize the several groups of 1980 Census indicators,
arranged alphabetically:
Demographics — American Indians residing in N.C. in
1980 were more apt than their black or white counter-parts
to be young and male, and they were far more likely
to live in rural areas.
Economics — Earnings and income levels of Indian resi-dents
were well below those of whites but about the same
as those of blacks except that Indians in female-headed
families were slightly more likely than their black coun-terparts
to live in poverty. On the other hand, among
families and unrelated individuals below poverty in 1979,
median income levels were higher for Indians than for
either whites or blacks even though Indians were less
likely than blacks to receive public assistance income.
Among whites below poverty, the low percentage receiv-ing
public assistance income would reflect, to some
extent, the older age of the white population; more whites
than others were recipients of social security income.
Education — Indians, and particularly males, were less
well educated than blacks and whites.
Family Structure — Indian families were more likely
than white families but less likely than black families to be
headed by a female; they were more apt than either white
or black families to include children, two-thirds of whom
lived in married-couple families. On the average, Indian
families were larger than black families and much larger
than white families.
Fertility — In terms of children ever born, Indian fertility
was greater than that of white and black women.
Housing — While overcrowding appeared more fre-quent
among Indians, lack of complete plumbing was less
a problem of Indians than of blacks. Indians were also
more likely than blacks to own their homes and at a
slightly higher median value.
Labor Force Participation— Blacks, whites and Indians
were about equally likely to be in the labor force though
Indian wives were some less likely than black wives to
have worked. Among women heads of household 16 and
over with children under 6, blacks and Indians were less
likely than whites to work. Compared to both blacks and
whites, Indian workers were younger and less well
educated.
Compared to whites, Indians and blacks were about half
as likely to work in traditional "white collar" occupa-tions.
Blacks more than whites and Indians more than
blacks worked in manufacturing and related occupations
and in farming, forestry and fishing. Indians were less
likely than blacks to work in "service" jobs while Indians
and blacks worked for some level of government more
often than whites.
Marital Status — Less than whites but more than blacks,
Indian females 1 5 and older were likely to be married and
living with their husbands. They were less likely to be
widowed, about equally likely as others to be divorced
and some less likely than whites to have married more
than once.
(Note; For 17 counties having 400 or more Indian resi-dents
in 1980, selected sociodemographic and housing
data for Indians are available in census publications (3,4).
Those counties are: Columbus, Cumberland, Forsyth,
Guilford, Halifax, Harnett, Hoke, Jackson, Mecklenburg,
Onslow, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland,
Swain, Wake, and Warren.)
NATALITY AND INFANT MORTALITY
The following explanations apply to the data of Tables
3-14:
Race — Since this report uses matched birth and infant
death records (except in Table 9), data will reflect infant's
race at birth and not as listed on the death certificate.
In past reports (1,2), we have noted discrepancies between
race at birth and race at death, usually in the direction of
some infants being counted Indian at birth but white at
death. Race at death is that recorded by the funeral
director.
Births Under 2500 Grams — Definition of prematurity
recommended by the World Health Organization, 1950.
Mothers With Risk Factor(s) — Mothers in the follow-ing
categories: age below 18 or above 34, education under
9 or 9-1 1 years, unmarried legal status, parity greater than
3, history of a prior fetal death or death of a liveborn.
Mothers With Inadequate Prenatal Care— Based on an
index developed by Kessner (6) that takes into account
month of first visit, number of visits and gestational age at
delivery.

In the indicators of Table 2, "own children" refers to
sons and daughters, including stepchildren and adopted
children, of the householder who are single (never mar-ried)
and under 18 years of age. The following statements
summarize the several groups of 1980 Census indicators,
arranged alphabetically:
Demographics — American Indians residing in N.C. in
1980 were more apt than their black or white counter-parts
to be young and male, and they were far more likely
to live in rural areas.
Economics — Earnings and income levels of Indian resi-dents
were well below those of whites but about the same
as those of blacks except that Indians in female-headed
families were slightly more likely than their black coun-terparts
to live in poverty. On the other hand, among
families and unrelated individuals below poverty in 1979,
median income levels were higher for Indians than for
either whites or blacks even though Indians were less
likely than blacks to receive public assistance income.
Among whites below poverty, the low percentage receiv-ing
public assistance income would reflect, to some
extent, the older age of the white population; more whites
than others were recipients of social security income.
Education — Indians, and particularly males, were less
well educated than blacks and whites.
Family Structure — Indian families were more likely
than white families but less likely than black families to be
headed by a female; they were more apt than either white
or black families to include children, two-thirds of whom
lived in married-couple families. On the average, Indian
families were larger than black families and much larger
than white families.
Fertility — In terms of children ever born, Indian fertility
was greater than that of white and black women.
Housing — While overcrowding appeared more fre-quent
among Indians, lack of complete plumbing was less
a problem of Indians than of blacks. Indians were also
more likely than blacks to own their homes and at a
slightly higher median value.
Labor Force Participation— Blacks, whites and Indians
were about equally likely to be in the labor force though
Indian wives were some less likely than black wives to
have worked. Among women heads of household 16 and
over with children under 6, blacks and Indians were less
likely than whites to work. Compared to both blacks and
whites, Indian workers were younger and less well
educated.
Compared to whites, Indians and blacks were about half
as likely to work in traditional "white collar" occupa-tions.
Blacks more than whites and Indians more than
blacks worked in manufacturing and related occupations
and in farming, forestry and fishing. Indians were less
likely than blacks to work in "service" jobs while Indians
and blacks worked for some level of government more
often than whites.
Marital Status — Less than whites but more than blacks,
Indian females 1 5 and older were likely to be married and
living with their husbands. They were less likely to be
widowed, about equally likely as others to be divorced
and some less likely than whites to have married more
than once.
(Note; For 17 counties having 400 or more Indian resi-dents
in 1980, selected sociodemographic and housing
data for Indians are available in census publications (3,4).
Those counties are: Columbus, Cumberland, Forsyth,
Guilford, Halifax, Harnett, Hoke, Jackson, Mecklenburg,
Onslow, Richmond, Robeson, Sampson, Scotland,
Swain, Wake, and Warren.)
NATALITY AND INFANT MORTALITY
The following explanations apply to the data of Tables
3-14:
Race — Since this report uses matched birth and infant
death records (except in Table 9), data will reflect infant's
race at birth and not as listed on the death certificate.
In past reports (1,2), we have noted discrepancies between
race at birth and race at death, usually in the direction of
some infants being counted Indian at birth but white at
death. Race at death is that recorded by the funeral
director.
Births Under 2500 Grams — Definition of prematurity
recommended by the World Health Organization, 1950.
Mothers With Risk Factor(s) — Mothers in the follow-ing
categories: age below 18 or above 34, education under
9 or 9-1 1 years, unmarried legal status, parity greater than
3, history of a prior fetal death or death of a liveborn.
Mothers With Inadequate Prenatal Care— Based on an
index developed by Kessner (6) that takes into account
month of first visit, number of visits and gestational age at
delivery.