Abstract : The Aerospace Medical Panel (AMP) of the Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development (AGARD) held a Symposium entitled 'Neurological Limitations of Aircraft Operations: Human Performance Implications' at Deutsche Forschungsanstalt flir Luft- und Raumfahrt, Cologne, Germany, 9-12 October 1995. The Symposium was held to address the factors which limit optimal functioning of the brain and other parts of the nervous system in air and support operations. Factors such as advances in technology, information overload, hazardous conditions, workload fatigue and sleepiness, head injury, drugs and inexperienced crew all affect decision making and place limitations on air and ground crew performance. Also considered were the practical challenges for enhancing brain performance for different operational environments.