Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300

Romila Thapar

Early India is a broad-ranging history of India down to 1300 AD,
covering politics, society, art, religion, economics and more and drawing
on what feels like an encyclopedic knowledge of written sources, Indian
and foreign, and archaeological evidence. Some excerpts from documents
and inscriptions, maps, and site plans are included, but the text is
mostly unadorned. The result is dense and sometimes dry, but never dull,
as Thapar has a knack for integrating details into the broader picture.

The two opening chapters cover Indian historiography and geography;
the remainder are ordered chronologically, though towards the end
they are also split into north/south pairs. Though they provide a
chronological framework, individual chapters are organised thematically.
The chapter "Threshold Times: c. AD 300-700", for example, has sections on
"classicism", "the Guptas and their successors", "Harsha", "indicators
of a changing political economy", "urban life", "social mores", "systems
of knowledge", "creative literature", "architecture, art and patronage",
"religious formulations", and "India and Asia".

Thapar keeps her speculation restrained but tries to tease out, from the
often limited evidence, broad aspects of political systems, structures of
ordinary life, and patterns of social change. At the same time she tries
to do justice to the diversity of India, both regional and temporal, and
to avoid unwarranted generalisations. She is balanced and dispassionate,
and for that very reason has been attacked by Hindu nationalists who
view history primarily as a weapon in contemporary political disputes.

Early India is a synthesis, not a survey, and it lacks full references.
What it has is probably more useful for most readers: twenty five pages
of select bibliographies, broken down not only by chapter but by section
within each chapter. Early India is not a rewrite of Thapar's earlier
A History of India, but a completely new work. It is intended to be the
first volume of a three part history of India, but can stand by itself.