29816Small Business Economics (2019)Armando J. Garcia Pires and Lars Ivar BergeGender, Formality, and Entrepreneurial Success/Files320190PubID2981600Pub_TypeNumberSmall Business Economics (2019)01Pub_WriterArmando J. Garcia Pires and Lars Ivar Berge02Pub_TitleGender, Formality, and Entrepreneurial Success03Pub_Publication/Files04Pub_AbstractEn05Pub_Type306Pub_Year201907Pub_OldID00829815Magma, nr. 2, 22-28 (2019)Kjersti Berg Danilova, Monica Rydland, Jon Iden og Bendik BygstadDigitaldirektøren som endringsagent/Files320190PubID2981510Pub_TypeNumberMagma, nr. 2, 22-28 (2019)11Pub_WriterKjersti Berg Danilova, Monica Rydland, Jon Iden og Bendik Bygstad12Pub_TitleDigitaldirektøren som endringsagent13Pub_Publication/Files14Pub_AbstractEn15Pub_Type316Pub_Year201917Pub_OldID01829814A07/18Øystein Foros, Hans Jarle Kind and Mai Nguyen-OnesCompetition with Personalized Pricing and Strategic Product Differentiation/Files/Filer/Publications/A07_18.pdf<p>Consumers leave increasingly more digital footprints that improve firms&rsquo; ability to practice personalized pricing (first-degree price discrimination). We ask whether there exist strategic effects that reduce firms&rsquo; incentives to do so. To answer this question, we first note that it is optimal for a firm that price discriminates to set the purchasing price equal to marginal costs from consumers who buy from a rival. This is true independently of whether the rival has made any non-price commitments (e.g. strategic product differentiation). In contrast, if a firm uses uniform pricing, the rival has incentives to make strategic commitments that soften competition. Consequently, we find that firms might find it optimal to commit to uniform pricing to avoid being trapped in a highly competitive equilibrium. The key insight is that a firm&rsquo;s incentives to undertake strategic price-softening behavior depend on the rival&rsquo;s choice between uniform and personalized pricing, and not the firm&rsquo;s own choice.</p>120180PubID2981420Pub_TypeNumberA07/1821Pub_WriterØystein Foros, Hans Jarle Kind and Mai Nguyen-Ones22Pub_TitleCompetition with Personalized Pricing and Strategic Product Differentiation23Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/A07_18.pdf24Pub_AbstractEn<p>Consumers leave increasingly more digital footprints that improve firms&rsquo; ability to practice personalized pricing (first-degree price discrimination). We ask whether there exist strategic effects that reduce firms&rsquo; incentives to do so. To answer this question, we first note that it is optimal for a firm that price discriminates to set the purchasing price equal to marginal costs from consumers who buy from a rival. This is true independently of whether the rival has made any non-price commitments (e.g. strategic product differentiation). In contrast, if a firm uses uniform pricing, the rival has incentives to make strategic commitments that soften competition. Consequently, we find that firms might find it optimal to commit to uniform pricing to avoid being trapped in a highly competitive equilibrium. The key insight is that a firm&rsquo;s incentives to undertake strategic price-softening behavior depend on the rival&rsquo;s choice between uniform and personalized pricing, and not the firm&rsquo;s own choice.</p>25Pub_Type126Pub_Year201827Pub_OldID02829813R01/18Eirik VatneSysselsetting i petroleumsvirksomhet 2017. Omfang og lokalisering av ansatte i oljeselskap og den spesialiserte leverandørindustrien/Files/Filer/Publications/R01_18_(1).pdf220180PubID2981330Pub_TypeNumberR01/1831Pub_WriterEirik Vatne32Pub_TitleSysselsetting i petroleumsvirksomhet 2017. Omfang og lokalisering av ansatte i oljeselskap og den spesialiserte leverandørindustrien33Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/R01_18_(1).pdf34Pub_AbstractEn35Pub_Type236Pub_Year201837Pub_OldID03829812Aquaculture Economics & Management, 22(4), 383-409 (2018)Andrew S. King, Nicholas G. Elliott, Mark A. James, Catriona K. MacLeod and Trond BjørndalTechnology selection - the impact of economic risk on decision making/Files320180PubID2981240Pub_TypeNumberAquaculture Economics & Management, 22(4), 383-409 (2018)41Pub_WriterAndrew S. King, Nicholas G. Elliott, Mark A. James, Catriona K. MacLeod and Trond Bjørndal42Pub_TitleTechnology selection - the impact of economic risk on decision making43Pub_Publication/Files44Pub_AbstractEn45Pub_Type346Pub_Year201847Pub_OldID04829811The Economic Journal (2018)Ari Hyytinen, Frode Steen and Otto ToivanenAn Anatomy of Cartel Contracts/Files320180PubID2981150Pub_TypeNumberThe Economic Journal (2018)51Pub_WriterAri Hyytinen, Frode Steen and Otto Toivanen52Pub_TitleAn Anatomy of Cartel Contracts53Pub_Publication/Files54Pub_AbstractEn55Pub_Type356Pub_Year201857Pub_OldID058298082018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (2019)Roar Os Ådland and Haiying JiaContractual Barriers and Energy Efficiency in the Crude Oil Supply Chain/Files320190PubID2980860Pub_TypeNumber2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM) (2019)61Pub_WriterRoar Os Ådland and Haiying Jia62Pub_TitleContractual Barriers and Energy Efficiency in the Crude Oil Supply Chain63Pub_Publication/Files64Pub_AbstractEn65Pub_Type366Pub_Year201967Pub_OldID06829807A08/18Ingeborg Louise Gustavsen and Mathias Hove ZimmerA comparison of the Big Four Professional Service Firms/Files/Filer/Publications/A08_18.pdf<p>This working paper provides a description of the Big Four Professional Service Firms (PSF): PwC, EY, KPMG and Deloitte. The working paper is based on publicly available information. It provides an overview of the Big Four PSFs, including their history, revenue, values, services and industries. The working paper describes the four PSFs according to the following topics: organization, recruitment, way of working, technology, corporate social responsibility, and alliances and clients. Overall, the paper offers a brief overview on how the PSFs create value.</p>120180PubID2980770Pub_TypeNumberA08/1871Pub_WriterIngeborg Louise Gustavsen and Mathias Hove Zimmer72Pub_TitleA comparison of the Big Four Professional Service Firms73Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/A08_18.pdf74Pub_AbstractEn<p>This working paper provides a description of the Big Four Professional Service Firms (PSF): PwC, EY, KPMG and Deloitte. The working paper is based on publicly available information. It provides an overview of the Big Four PSFs, including their history, revenue, values, services and industries. The working paper describes the four PSFs according to the following topics: organization, recruitment, way of working, technology, corporate social responsibility, and alliances and clients. Overall, the paper offers a brief overview on how the PSFs create value.</p>75Pub_Type176Pub_Year201877Pub_OldID07829806Facilities (2018)Arnt O. Hopland and Sturla KvamsdalBuilding conditions in Norwegian local governments: trends and determinants/Files320180PubID2980680Pub_TypeNumberFacilities (2018)81Pub_WriterArnt O. Hopland and Sturla Kvamsdal82Pub_TitleBuilding conditions in Norwegian local governments: trends and determinants83Pub_Publication/Files84Pub_AbstractEn85Pub_Type386Pub_Year201887Pub_OldID08829805Nordiske Organisasjonsstudier, 20(1), 25-44 (2018)Anna Reisvaag Lindland, Anja Mikkelson og Torstein NesheimKampen om ressursene. Kompetanseutfordringer i en prosjektbasert organisasjon/Files/Filer/Publications/Lindland mfl 2018.pdf320180PubID2980590Pub_TypeNumberNordiske Organisasjonsstudier, 20(1), 25-44 (2018)91Pub_WriterAnna Reisvaag Lindland, Anja Mikkelson og Torstein Nesheim92Pub_TitleKampen om ressursene. Kompetanseutfordringer i en prosjektbasert organisasjon93Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/Lindland mfl 2018.pdf94Pub_AbstractEn95Pub_Type396Pub_Year201897Pub_OldID09829804Financial Accountability & Management (2018)Martin Carlsson-Wall, Kalle Kraus, Anita Meidell and Patrik TranManaging risk in the public sector - The interaction between vernacular and formal risk management systems/Files320180PubID29804100Pub_TypeNumberFinancial Accountability & Management (2018)101Pub_WriterMartin Carlsson-Wall, Kalle Kraus, Anita Meidell and Patrik Tran102Pub_TitleManaging risk in the public sector - The interaction between vernacular and formal risk management systems103Pub_Publication/Files104Pub_AbstractEn105Pub_Type3106Pub_Year2018107Pub_OldID010829803Int. J. Shipping and Transport Logistics, 1(11), 25-40 (2019)Haiying Jia, Vishnu Prakash and Tristan SmithEstimating vessel payloads in bulk shipping using AIS data/Files320190PubID29803110Pub_TypeNumberInt. J. Shipping and Transport Logistics, 1(11), 25-40 (2019)111Pub_WriterHaiying Jia, Vishnu Prakash and Tristan Smith112Pub_TitleEstimating vessel payloads in bulk shipping using AIS data113Pub_Publication/Files114Pub_AbstractEn115Pub_Type3116Pub_Year2019117Pub_OldID011829802A01/18Xinlu Qiu, Per Heum and Xiaomei ChengInternationalization of innovative activities in Norway.US patents involving Norwegian inventors and assignees/Files/Filer/Publications/A01_18.pdf<p>In this working paper we aim to investigate the international pattern of innovation in Norway as it is revealed in patent data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The empirical section consists of four parts. We start by considering innovative activities in Norway in an international perspective, and continue by focusing on the growth in patents and their international connectedness as far as US patents involving actors residing in Norway are concerned. Then we investigate the development concerning the international dispersion of co-inventors in these patents and the distribution of co-inventors across countries. Finally, focus is on the top patenting firms in Norway and the international dispersion of co-inventors in their US patents.</p>120180PubID29802120Pub_TypeNumberA01/18121Pub_WriterXinlu Qiu, Per Heum and Xiaomei Cheng122Pub_TitleInternationalization of innovative activities in Norway.US patents involving Norwegian inventors and assignees123Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/A01_18.pdf124Pub_AbstractEn<p>In this working paper we aim to investigate the international pattern of innovation in Norway as it is revealed in patent data from the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). The empirical section consists of four parts. We start by considering innovative activities in Norway in an international perspective, and continue by focusing on the growth in patents and their international connectedness as far as US patents involving actors residing in Norway are concerned. Then we investigate the development concerning the international dispersion of co-inventors in these patents and the distribution of co-inventors across countries. Finally, focus is on the top patenting firms in Norway and the international dispersion of co-inventors in their US patents.</p>125Pub_Type1126Pub_Year2018127Pub_OldID012829801R06/18Justin A. HarlanSecuring Innovation through Corporate Spin-off. An Exploratory Case Study/Files/Filer/Publications/R06_18.pdf<p>This thesis explores how a large established firm can secure and manage technology-based innovation through the use of a corporate spin-off. This study is performed in the setting of a large media firm and its four technology spin-off companies. The inductive findings of this research are then related to the broader literature on corporate spin-offs as well as the literature on organizational ambidexterity.</p>
<p>First, this study identifies antecedents conducive to innovation that were present at the parent company and were important for generating the innovation activities; and the study shows that once these antecedents were withdrawn it created doubt in the ability of the established firm to innovate through the spin-off mode in the future. This study also locates key behaviours and actions that the established firm used in its relationship to its innovation initiatives that aided these initiatives both before and after spinning-off. This research then uncovers the chief benefits that the established firm obtained by pursuing its innovation through the spin-off mode and argues that these benefits are the result of the exploitation of the innovations and the spin-off companies achieving ambidexterity themselves.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Additionally, this research finds that because of the type of spin-offs that are examined here, where the parent company uses the spin-offs&rsquo; products, the parent was able to avoid the challenges of integrating the innovation that are often mentioned in the literature. Also, this study finds that the use of the parent company as a showroom for the spin-offs&rsquo; products was a considerable advantage that has not been recognized yet within current strategy literature.</p>
<p>Finally, this study contends that future organizational ambidexterity research should examine the corporate spin-off mode, because this thesis indicates that it is a fruitful way for an established firm to achieve organizational ambidexterity and that this approach may have unique benefits.</p>220180PubID29801130Pub_TypeNumberR06/18131Pub_WriterJustin A. Harlan132Pub_TitleSecuring Innovation through Corporate Spin-off. An Exploratory Case Study133Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/R06_18.pdf134Pub_AbstractEn<p>This thesis explores how a large established firm can secure and manage technology-based innovation through the use of a corporate spin-off. This study is performed in the setting of a large media firm and its four technology spin-off companies. The inductive findings of this research are then related to the broader literature on corporate spin-offs as well as the literature on organizational ambidexterity.</p>
<p>First, this study identifies antecedents conducive to innovation that were present at the parent company and were important for generating the innovation activities; and the study shows that once these antecedents were withdrawn it created doubt in the ability of the established firm to innovate through the spin-off mode in the future. This study also locates key behaviours and actions that the established firm used in its relationship to its innovation initiatives that aided these initiatives both before and after spinning-off. This research then uncovers the chief benefits that the established firm obtained by pursuing its innovation through the spin-off mode and argues that these benefits are the result of the exploitation of the innovations and the spin-off companies achieving ambidexterity themselves.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Additionally, this research finds that because of the type of spin-offs that are examined here, where the parent company uses the spin-offs&rsquo; products, the parent was able to avoid the challenges of integrating the innovation that are often mentioned in the literature. Also, this study finds that the use of the parent company as a showroom for the spin-offs&rsquo; products was a considerable advantage that has not been recognized yet within current strategy literature.</p>
<p>Finally, this study contends that future organizational ambidexterity research should examine the corporate spin-off mode, because this thesis indicates that it is a fruitful way for an established firm to achieve organizational ambidexterity and that this approach may have unique benefits.</p>135Pub_Type2136Pub_Year2018137Pub_OldID013829800Magma, nr. 8, 59-66 (2018)Hallgeir Sjåstad og Helge ThorbjørnsenNår selvkontrollen svikter: Kan dulting bidra til varig atferdsendring?/Files320180PubID29800140Pub_TypeNumberMagma, nr. 8, 59-66 (2018)141Pub_WriterHallgeir Sjåstad og Helge Thorbjørnsen142Pub_TitleNår selvkontrollen svikter: Kan dulting bidra til varig atferdsendring?143Pub_Publication/Files144Pub_AbstractEn145Pub_Type3146Pub_Year2018147Pub_OldID014829799Magma, nr. 8, 47-58 (2018)Siv Skard, Lavrans Løvlie og Helge ThorbjørnsenDulting og tjenestedesign: Dulting for økt produktivitet gjennom kundereisen/Files320180PubID29799150Pub_TypeNumberMagma, nr. 8, 47-58 (2018)151Pub_WriterSiv Skard, Lavrans Løvlie og Helge Thorbjørnsen152Pub_TitleDulting og tjenestedesign: Dulting for økt produktivitet gjennom kundereisen153Pub_Publication/Files154Pub_AbstractEn155Pub_Type3156Pub_Year2018157Pub_OldID015829798Magma, nr. 8, 37-46 (2018)Nina M. Iversen og Leif E. HemSpredning av delingstjenester/Files320180PubID29798160Pub_TypeNumberMagma, nr. 8, 37-46 (2018)161Pub_WriterNina M. Iversen og Leif E. Hem162Pub_TitleSpredning av delingstjenester163Pub_Publication/Files164Pub_AbstractEn165Pub_Type3166Pub_Year2018167Pub_OldID016829796R05/18Anders B. Fløystad and Aleksandra Maria KjemhusEnhancing Creativity in Global Virtual Teams/Files/Filer/Publications/R05_18.pdf<p>This master thesis examines the relationship between the media richness and frequency of communication on the creative output in global virtual teams. Two thirds of international organisations utilise virtual teams, to solve complex and creative tasks. Through a study of 770 student teams spread over 42 countries, we find that increased communication is not always conducive to creative output. Rather, we find that an increase in synchronous high richness communication positively relates to the creative output in global virtual teams, while increasing asynchronous low richness communication yields the opposite relationship. Our findings also suggest that increased low richness communication shares a stronger positive relationship with relationship conflict than does high richness communication. We therefore suggest that global virtual teams should place a greater emphasis on synchronous high richness communication rather than low richness communication when solving complex tasks.</p>220180PubID29796170Pub_TypeNumberR05/18171Pub_WriterAnders B. Fløystad and Aleksandra Maria Kjemhus172Pub_TitleEnhancing Creativity in Global Virtual Teams173Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/R05_18.pdf174Pub_AbstractEn<p>This master thesis examines the relationship between the media richness and frequency of communication on the creative output in global virtual teams. Two thirds of international organisations utilise virtual teams, to solve complex and creative tasks. Through a study of 770 student teams spread over 42 countries, we find that increased communication is not always conducive to creative output. Rather, we find that an increase in synchronous high richness communication positively relates to the creative output in global virtual teams, while increasing asynchronous low richness communication yields the opposite relationship. Our findings also suggest that increased low richness communication shares a stronger positive relationship with relationship conflict than does high richness communication. We therefore suggest that global virtual teams should place a greater emphasis on synchronous high richness communication rather than low richness communication when solving complex tasks.</p>175Pub_Type2176Pub_Year2018177Pub_OldID017829795Marine Design XIII (Eds. Petti Kujala and Lu Liangliang) (2018)Elizabeth Lindstad, Torstein Ingebrigtsen Bø and Gunnar EskelandReducing GHG emissions in shipping - measures and options/Files320180PubID29795180Pub_TypeNumberMarine Design XIII (Eds. Petti Kujala and Lu Liangliang) (2018)181Pub_WriterElizabeth Lindstad, Torstein Ingebrigtsen Bø and Gunnar Eskeland182Pub_TitleReducing GHG emissions in shipping - measures and options183Pub_Publication/Files184Pub_AbstractEn185Pub_Type3186Pub_Year2018187Pub_OldID018829794Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 91, 247-262 (2018)Shiyu Yan and Gunnar EskelandGreening the vehicle fleet: Norway's CO2-Differentiated registration tax/Files320180PubID29794190Pub_TypeNumberJournal of Environmental Economics and Management, 91, 247-262 (2018)191Pub_WriterShiyu Yan and Gunnar Eskeland192Pub_TitleGreening the vehicle fleet: Norway's CO2-Differentiated registration tax193Pub_Publication/Files194Pub_AbstractEn195Pub_Type3196Pub_Year2018197Pub_OldID019829793Magma, nr. 6, 16-26 (2018)Katarina Kaarbøe, Dan-Richard Knudsen og Anita MeidellHvordan digitalisering endrer regnskaps- og styringsinformasjonen/Files320180PubID29793200Pub_TypeNumberMagma, nr. 6, 16-26 (2018)201Pub_WriterKatarina Kaarbøe, Dan-Richard Knudsen og Anita Meidell202Pub_TitleHvordan digitalisering endrer regnskaps- og styringsinformasjonen203Pub_Publication/Files204Pub_AbstractEn205Pub_Type3206Pub_Year2018207Pub_OldID020829792Magma, nr. 7, 38-48 (2018)Inger StensakerRadikal endring og innovasjon/Files320180PubID29792210Pub_TypeNumberMagma, nr. 7, 38-48 (2018)211Pub_WriterInger Stensaker212Pub_TitleRadikal endring og innovasjon213Pub_Publication/Files214Pub_AbstractEn215Pub_Type3216Pub_Year2018217Pub_OldID021829791Journal of Information & Knowledge Management (2018)Leif Jarle Gressgård and Torstein NesheimKnowledge Management Systems and Work Improvements: The Moderating Effects of Work Characteristics/Files320180PubID29791220Pub_TypeNumberJournal of Information & Knowledge Management (2018)221Pub_WriterLeif Jarle Gressgård and Torstein Nesheim222Pub_TitleKnowledge Management Systems and Work Improvements: The Moderating Effects of Work Characteristics223Pub_Publication/Files224Pub_AbstractEn225Pub_Type3226Pub_Year2018227Pub_OldID022829790R04/18Steinar Hjelset og Andreas UlfstenGjenbruk av RPA i norske kommuner/Files/Filer/Publications/R04_18.pdf220180PubID29790230Pub_TypeNumberR04/18231Pub_WriterSteinar Hjelset og Andreas Ulfsten232Pub_TitleGjenbruk av RPA i norske kommuner233Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/R04_18.pdf234Pub_AbstractEn235Pub_Type2236Pub_Year2018237Pub_OldID023829789R03/18Vilde Koch Fredriksen og Iselin KvitsteinPlattformer og digitale økosystemer. En smakebit på restaurantbransjen i Oslo/Files/Filer/Publications/R03_18.pdf220180PubID29789240Pub_TypeNumberR03/18241Pub_WriterVilde Koch Fredriksen og Iselin Kvitstein242Pub_TitlePlattformer og digitale økosystemer. En smakebit på restaurantbransjen i Oslo243Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/R03_18.pdf244Pub_AbstractEn245Pub_Type2246Pub_Year2018247Pub_OldID024829788Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 65, 618-634 (2018)Haiying JiaCrude oil trade and green shipping choices/Files320180PubID29788250Pub_TypeNumberTransportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 65, 618-634 (2018)251Pub_WriterHaiying Jia252Pub_TitleCrude oil trade and green shipping choices253Pub_Publication/Files254Pub_AbstractEn255Pub_Type3256Pub_Year2018257Pub_OldID025829787R07/18Trond Bjørndal og Amalie TusvikØkonomisk analyse av alternative produksjonsformer innan oppdrett/Files/Filer/Publications/R07_18_(2).pdf220180PubID29787260Pub_TypeNumberR07/18261Pub_WriterTrond Bjørndal og Amalie Tusvik262Pub_TitleØkonomisk analyse av alternative produksjonsformer innan oppdrett263Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/R07_18_(2).pdf264Pub_AbstractEn265Pub_Type2266Pub_Year2018267Pub_OldID026829784A04/18Ragnhild Grønn Johannessen og Frida Lobenz SkarsteinProximity in Bank-Borrower Relationships. Are Small and Newly Established Firms Hit Harder by Bank Branch Closures?/Files/Filer/Publications/A04_18.pdf<p>In this paper, we use an empirical approach to provide evidence on the topic of relationship lending, by analysing if small and newly established firms are hit harder by a regional bank withdrawal. We use comprehensive data from the Norwegian banking market, containing information on 127 banks and approximately 70,000 firms. We find that small and newly established firms receive an increase in average interest rate of 2 percentage points after a bank withdrawal. This is 1.7 percentage points higher than for large and mature firms. Small and newly established firms also experience a decrease in debt ratio of 0.027, while the decrease is even more substantial for large and mature firms. Our findings indicate that small and newly established firms are hit harder in terms of increased interest rate, while the decrease in debt ratio could be caused by changes in credit supply or demand. The effects imposed on small and newly established firms do not seem to affect the firms&rsquo; growth, indicating that firms are able to withstand the increased interest rate.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>120180PubID29784270Pub_TypeNumberA04/18271Pub_WriterRagnhild Grønn Johannessen og Frida Lobenz Skarstein272Pub_TitleProximity in Bank-Borrower Relationships. Are Small and Newly Established Firms Hit Harder by Bank Branch Closures?273Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/A04_18.pdf274Pub_AbstractEn<p>In this paper, we use an empirical approach to provide evidence on the topic of relationship lending, by analysing if small and newly established firms are hit harder by a regional bank withdrawal. We use comprehensive data from the Norwegian banking market, containing information on 127 banks and approximately 70,000 firms. We find that small and newly established firms receive an increase in average interest rate of 2 percentage points after a bank withdrawal. This is 1.7 percentage points higher than for large and mature firms. Small and newly established firms also experience a decrease in debt ratio of 0.027, while the decrease is even more substantial for large and mature firms. Our findings indicate that small and newly established firms are hit harder in terms of increased interest rate, while the decrease in debt ratio could be caused by changes in credit supply or demand. The effects imposed on small and newly established firms do not seem to affect the firms&rsquo; growth, indicating that firms are able to withstand the increased interest rate.</p><p>&nbsp;</p>275Pub_Type1276Pub_Year2018277Pub_OldID027828787A03/18Kurt R. Brekke, Tor Helge Holmås, Karin Monstad og Odd Rune StraumeHow does the type of remuneration affect physician behaviour? Fixed salary versus fee-for-service/Files/Filer/Publications/A_0318.pdf<p>We analyse the effects of fee-for-service versus fixed salary on the treatment decisions of general practitioners (GPs) and on patients&rsquo; health outcomes. Using rich Norwegian register data during 2009-2013, we find that GPs respond strongly and consistently to changes in remuneration type. Compared with fixed salary, GP payment by fee-for-service leads to an increase in the supply of consultations and a higher provision of medical services (along several dimensions) per consultation. This has also significant implications for patients&rsquo; health outcomes, with a close to 20 percent reduction in the probability of an emergency hospital admission shortly after a GP consultation.</p>120180PubID28787280Pub_TypeNumberA03/18281Pub_WriterKurt R. Brekke, Tor Helge Holmås, Karin Monstad og Odd Rune Straume282Pub_TitleHow does the type of remuneration affect physician behaviour? Fixed salary versus fee-for-service283Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/A_0318.pdf284Pub_AbstractEn<p>We analyse the effects of fee-for-service versus fixed salary on the treatment decisions of general practitioners (GPs) and on patients&rsquo; health outcomes. Using rich Norwegian register data during 2009-2013, we find that GPs respond strongly and consistently to changes in remuneration type. Compared with fixed salary, GP payment by fee-for-service leads to an increase in the supply of consultations and a higher provision of medical services (along several dimensions) per consultation. This has also significant implications for patients&rsquo; health outcomes, with a close to 20 percent reduction in the probability of an emergency hospital admission shortly after a GP consultation.</p>285Pub_Type1286Pub_Year2018287Pub_OldID028828786A02/18Kurt R. Brekke, Tor Helge Holmås, Karin Monstad og Odd Rune StraumeCompetition and physician behaviour: Does the competitive environment affect the propensity to issue sickness certificates?/Files/Filer/Publications/A_0218.pdf<p>Competition among physicians is widespread, but compelling empirical evidence on its impact on service provision is limited, mainly due to endogeneity issues. In this paper we exploit that many GPs, in addition to own practice, work in local emergency centres, where the matching of patients to GPs is random. The same GP is observed both with competition (own practice) and without (emergency centre). Using high-dimensional fixed- effect models, we find that GPs with a fee-for-service (fixed-salary) contract are 12 (8) percentage points more likely to certify sick leave at own practice than at the emergency centre. Thus, competition has a positive impact on GPs.sicklisting that is strongly reinforced by financial incentives.</p>120180PubID28786290Pub_TypeNumberA02/18291Pub_WriterKurt R. Brekke, Tor Helge Holmås, Karin Monstad og Odd Rune Straume292Pub_TitleCompetition and physician behaviour: Does the competitive environment affect the propensity to issue sickness certificates?293Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/A_0218.pdf294Pub_AbstractEn<p>Competition among physicians is widespread, but compelling empirical evidence on its impact on service provision is limited, mainly due to endogeneity issues. In this paper we exploit that many GPs, in addition to own practice, work in local emergency centres, where the matching of patients to GPs is random. The same GP is observed both with competition (own practice) and without (emergency centre). Using high-dimensional fixed- effect models, we find that GPs with a fee-for-service (fixed-salary) contract are 12 (8) percentage points more likely to certify sick leave at own practice than at the emergency centre. Thus, competition has a positive impact on GPs.sicklisting that is strongly reinforced by financial incentives.</p>295Pub_Type1296Pub_Year2018297Pub_OldID029828785A17/17Karl Eilertsen Barvik og Magnus Sveen NygaardKonkurranse og effektivitet i det norske sparebankmarkedet. En empirisk analyse av konkurranse og effektivitet blant norske sparebanker i perioden 1997-2013/Files/Filer/Publications/A17_17.pdf120170PubID28785300Pub_TypeNumberA17/17301Pub_WriterKarl Eilertsen Barvik og Magnus Sveen Nygaard302Pub_TitleKonkurranse og effektivitet i det norske sparebankmarkedet. En empirisk analyse av konkurranse og effektivitet blant norske sparebanker i perioden 1997-2013303Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/A17_17.pdf304Pub_AbstractEn305Pub_Type1306Pub_Year2017307Pub_OldID030828784A16/17Morten SæthreLocal Bank Competition, Loan Rates and Risk/Files/Filer/Publications/A_1617.pdf<p>This paper investigates the effect of competition on the relation between borrowers&rsquo; risk and interest rates in the market for business loans. I estimate the relationship between the loan rates and risk of closure conditional on the local market structure using detailed data on loan payments between individual firms and banks from Norway. The findings show that increased competition is associated with lower rates for less risky and higher rates for more risky loans. Comparing markets with three competing banks compared to a single bank, rates for loans to firms that closed down during the loan period were approximately 50 basis points higher, while loans to firms that did not close down were approximately 20 basis points lower.</p>120170PubID28784310Pub_TypeNumberA16/17311Pub_WriterMorten Sæthre312Pub_TitleLocal Bank Competition, Loan Rates and Risk313Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/A_1617.pdf314Pub_AbstractEn<p>This paper investigates the effect of competition on the relation between borrowers&rsquo; risk and interest rates in the market for business loans. I estimate the relationship between the loan rates and risk of closure conditional on the local market structure using detailed data on loan payments between individual firms and banks from Norway. The findings show that increased competition is associated with lower rates for less risky and higher rates for more risky loans. Comparing markets with three competing banks compared to a single bank, rates for loans to firms that closed down during the loan period were approximately 50 basis points higher, while loans to firms that did not close down were approximately 20 basis points lower.</p>315Pub_Type1316Pub_Year2017317Pub_OldID031828783Magma, nr. 5, 52-60 (2018)Berit Sund og Synnøve NesseEmosjonsregulering i ledelse på tvers av organisatoriske og nasjonale grenser/Files/Filer/Publications/Magma 1805 Sund og Nesse.pdf320180PubID28783320Pub_TypeNumberMagma, nr. 5, 52-60 (2018)321Pub_WriterBerit Sund og Synnøve Nesse322Pub_TitleEmosjonsregulering i ledelse på tvers av organisatoriske og nasjonale grenser323Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/Magma 1805 Sund og Nesse.pdf324Pub_AbstractEn325Pub_Type3326Pub_Year2018327Pub_OldID032828782Magma, nr. 5, 61-70 (2018)Synnøve NesseHvordan sikre innovasjon ved å samarbeide med en konkurrent?/Files/Filer/Publications/Magma 1805 Nesse.pdf320180PubID28782330Pub_TypeNumberMagma, nr. 5, 61-70 (2018)331Pub_WriterSynnøve Nesse332Pub_TitleHvordan sikre innovasjon ved å samarbeide med en konkurrent?333Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/Magma 1805 Nesse.pdf334Pub_AbstractEn335Pub_Type3336Pub_Year2018337Pub_OldID033828781Journal of Business Research, 91, 221-232 (2018)Alexander Jakubanecs, Alexander Fedorikhin and Nina Marianne IversenConsumer responses to hedonic food products: Healthy cake or indulgent cake? Could dialecticism be the answer?/Files320180PubID28781340Pub_TypeNumberJournal of Business Research, 91, 221-232 (2018)341Pub_WriterAlexander Jakubanecs, Alexander Fedorikhin and Nina Marianne Iversen342Pub_TitleConsumer responses to hedonic food products: Healthy cake or indulgent cake? Could dialecticism be the answer?343Pub_Publication/Files344Pub_AbstractEn345Pub_Type3346Pub_Year2018347Pub_OldID034828780International Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 9(1), 18-30 (2018) Isabell Schonhowd Haagensen, Eline Katrin Helland and Torstein NesheimEnhancing knowledge articulation in communities of practices: The role of the community leader /Files320180PubID28780350Pub_TypeNumberInternational Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 9(1), 18-30 (2018) 351Pub_WriterIsabell Schonhowd Haagensen, Eline Katrin Helland and Torstein Nesheim352Pub_TitleEnhancing knowledge articulation in communities of practices: The role of the community leader 353Pub_Publication/Files354Pub_AbstractEn355Pub_Type3356Pub_Year2018357Pub_OldID035828779Magma, 21(1), 62-70 (2018)Julia Tropina Bakke, Arnt Ove Hopland og Jarle MøenEffekten av strengere internprisingsregler på overskuddsflytting i flernasjonale foretak/Files320180PubID28779360Pub_TypeNumberMagma, 21(1), 62-70 (2018)361Pub_WriterJulia Tropina Bakke, Arnt Ove Hopland og Jarle Møen362Pub_TitleEffekten av strengere internprisingsregler på overskuddsflytting i flernasjonale foretak363Pub_Publication/Files364Pub_AbstractEn365Pub_Type3366Pub_Year2018367Pub_OldID036828778Energy, 150, 992-1005 (2018)Endre Bjørndal, Mette Bjørndal, Kjetil Trovik Midthun and Asgeir TomasgardStochastic electricity dispatch: A challenge for market design/Files320180PubID28778370Pub_TypeNumberEnergy, 150, 992-1005 (2018)371Pub_WriterEndre Bjørndal, Mette Bjørndal, Kjetil Trovik Midthun and Asgeir Tomasgard372Pub_TitleStochastic electricity dispatch: A challenge for market design373Pub_Publication/Files374Pub_AbstractEn375Pub_Type3376Pub_Year2018377Pub_OldID037827778American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 100(3), 889-905 (2018)Ragnar Arnason, Trond Bjørndal, Daniel V. Gordon and Mintewab BezabihMeasuring Potential Rents in the North Sea Herring Fishery/Files320180PubID27778380Pub_TypeNumberAmerican Journal of Agricultural Economics, 100(3), 889-905 (2018)381Pub_WriterRagnar Arnason, Trond Bjørndal, Daniel V. Gordon and Mintewab Bezabih382Pub_TitleMeasuring Potential Rents in the North Sea Herring Fishery383Pub_Publication/Files384Pub_AbstractEn385Pub_Type3386Pub_Year2018387Pub_OldID038827776Facilities, 36(5/6), 230-243 (2018)Arnt Ove Hopland and Sturla F. KvamsdalConcerns among local government facility managers: a Norwegian survey/Files320180PubID27776390Pub_TypeNumberFacilities, 36(5/6), 230-243 (2018)391Pub_WriterArnt Ove Hopland and Sturla F. Kvamsdal392Pub_TitleConcerns among local government facility managers: a Norwegian survey393Pub_Publication/Files394Pub_AbstractEn395Pub_Type3396Pub_Year2018397Pub_OldID039826777R02/18Torstein NesheimHva kjennetegner Oljedirektoratets organisasjon?/Files/Filer/Publications/R02_18.pdf220180PubID26777400Pub_TypeNumberR02/18401Pub_WriterTorstein Nesheim402Pub_TitleHva kjennetegner Oljedirektoratets organisasjon?403Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/R02_18.pdf404Pub_AbstractEn405Pub_Type2406Pub_Year2018407Pub_OldID040826776International Game Theory Review (2018)Evangelos Toumasatos and Stein Ivar SteinshamnCoalition Formation with Externalities: The Case of the Northeast Atlantic Mackerel Fishery in a Pre-and Post-Brexit Context/Files320180PubID26776410Pub_TypeNumberInternational Game Theory Review (2018)411Pub_WriterEvangelos Toumasatos and Stein Ivar Steinshamn412Pub_TitleCoalition Formation with Externalities: The Case of the Northeast Atlantic Mackerel Fishery in a Pre-and Post-Brexit Context413Pub_Publication/Files414Pub_AbstractEn415Pub_Type3416Pub_Year2018417Pub_OldID041825777R09/17Helle Kristine Fossbakk og Andreas Lunde LossiusHvordan styre og tenke dynamisk ved bruk av scenarioer/Files/Filer/Publications/R09_17.pdf220170PubID25777420Pub_TypeNumberR09/17421Pub_WriterHelle Kristine Fossbakk og Andreas Lunde Lossius422Pub_TitleHvordan styre og tenke dynamisk ved bruk av scenarioer423Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/R09_17.pdf424Pub_AbstractEn425Pub_Type2426Pub_Year2017427Pub_OldID042825776R08/17Truls Hiis Bergh og Cedrik W. Dagousset En investeringsprosess sin påvirkning på prosjektgjennomføring/Files/Filer/Publications/R08_17.pdf220170PubID25776430Pub_TypeNumberR08/17431Pub_WriterTruls Hiis Bergh og Cedrik W. Dagousset 432Pub_TitleEn investeringsprosess sin påvirkning på prosjektgjennomføring433Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/R08_17.pdf434Pub_AbstractEn435Pub_Type2436Pub_Year2017437Pub_OldID043824776R06/17Ove Rein Hetland, Aksel Mjøs og Li ZhangDet norske bedriftsbankmarkedet. En beskrivende analyse av bankmarkedet for norske bedriftskunder/Files/Filer/Publications/R06_17_.pdf220170PubID24776440Pub_TypeNumberR06/17441Pub_WriterOve Rein Hetland, Aksel Mjøs og Li Zhang442Pub_TitleDet norske bedriftsbankmarkedet. En beskrivende analyse av bankmarkedet for norske bedriftskunder443Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/R06_17_.pdf444Pub_AbstractEn445Pub_Type2446Pub_Year2017447Pub_OldID044824774Aquaculture Economics & Management, 21(4), 433-451 (2017)Trond Bjørndal and Jordi GuillenMarket integration between wild and farmed species in Spain /Files320170PubID24774450Pub_TypeNumberAquaculture Economics & Management, 21(4), 433-451 (2017)451Pub_WriterTrond Bjørndal and Jordi Guillen452Pub_TitleMarket integration between wild and farmed species in Spain 453Pub_Publication/Files454Pub_AbstractEn455Pub_Type3456Pub_Year2017457Pub_OldID045824773Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, 17731 (2017)Synnøve NesseA Framework for Developing Organizational Crisis Leadership: An Integration of Multiple Perspectives /Files320170PubID24773460Pub_TypeNumberAcademy of Management Proceedings, 1, 17731 (2017)461Pub_WriterSynnøve Nesse462Pub_TitleA Framework for Developing Organizational Crisis Leadership: An Integration of Multiple Perspectives 463Pub_Publication/Files464Pub_AbstractEn465Pub_Type3466Pub_Year2017467Pub_OldID046824772A15/17Simen A. UlsakerCompetition and risk taking in the banking industry: The case of capital requirements/Files/Filer/Publications/A15_2017.pdf<p>This article examines how stricter capital requirements affect competition and risk-taking incentives in the banking industry. When banks choose their risk profiles by solving portfolio problems, there is a clear trade-off between competition and risk taking: stricter capital requirements restrict risk taking but soften competition for deposits. The clear trade-off disappears when banks compete in a loan market rather than choose their risk profiles directly. In this case, stricter capital requirements will lead to less risk taking only if they also lead to stronger competition in the loan market.</p>120170PubID24772470Pub_TypeNumberA15/17471Pub_WriterSimen A. Ulsaker472Pub_TitleCompetition and risk taking in the banking industry: The case of capital requirements473Pub_Publication/Files/Filer/Publications/A15_2017.pdf474Pub_AbstractEn<p>This article examines how stricter capital requirements affect competition and risk-taking incentives in the banking industry. When banks choose their risk profiles by solving portfolio problems, there is a clear trade-off between competition and risk taking: stricter capital requirements restrict risk taking but soften competition for deposits. The clear trade-off disappears when banks compete in a loan market rather than choose their risk profiles directly. In this case, stricter capital requirements will lead to less risk taking only if they also lead to stronger competition in the loan market.</p>475Pub_Type1476Pub_Year2017477Pub_OldID047824771Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 50, 409-417 (2017)Haakon Elizabeth Lindstad, Gunnar Eskeland and Agathe Isabelle RiallandBatteries in offshore support vessels - Pollution, climate impact and economics /Files320170PubID24771480Pub_TypeNumberTransportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 50, 409-417 (2017)481Pub_WriterHaakon Elizabeth Lindstad, Gunnar Eskeland and Agathe Isabelle Rialland482Pub_TitleBatteries in offshore support vessels - Pollution, climate impact and economics 483Pub_Publication/Files484Pub_AbstractEn485Pub_Type3486Pub_Year2017487Pub_OldID048824770Journal of Cleaner Production, 178, 1-13 (2018)Roar Adland, Pierre Cariou, Haiying Jia and Francois-Charles WolffThe energy efficiency effects of periodic ship hull cleaning/Files320180PubID24770490Pub_TypeNumberJournal of Cleaner Production, 178, 1-13 (2018)491Pub_WriterRoar Adland, Pierre Cariou, Haiying Jia and Francois-Charles Wolff492Pub_TitleThe energy efficiency effects of periodic ship hull cleaning493Pub_Publication/Files494Pub_AbstractEn495Pub_Type3496Pub_Year2018497Pub_OldID0498