Abstract: Ralph J. Bunche (1904-1971) graduated from UCLA and Harvard University, and was a professor at Howard University (1929-1950).
He joined the Permanent Secretariat of the United Nations in 1948, served as the undersecretary for special political affairs
(1958-67), and then became undersecretary general in 1968. In 1950, Bunche was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. The collection
consists of correspondence, speeches, manuscripts, articles, publications, and photographs related to Ralph J. Bunche's life
and career.

Language: Finding aid is written in
English.

Repository:
University of California, Los Angeles. Library Special Collections.

Series 21, subseries 1: Personal Correspondence between Ralph J. Bunche and Ruth H. Bunche (boxes 476-480) is closed until
the deaths of both Joan H. Bunche and Ralph Bunche Jr.

Property rights to the physical object belong to the UCLA Library Special Collections. Literary rights, including copyright,
are retained by the creators and their heirs. It is the responsibility of the researcher to determine who holds the copyright
and pursue the copyright owner or his or her heir for permission to publish where The UC Regents do not hold the copyright.

Provenance/Source of Acquisition

Gift of Mrs. Ruth H. Bunche, 1976, 1982.

Gift of Brian Urquhart, 1995.

Gift of Joan H. Bunche, 1995.

Processing Note

In 2008-2009 the Bunche Papers were re-processed by Amelia Acker, with assistance from Megan Hahn Fraser, in order to facilitate
access with a more consistent arrangement scheme and improved description. Materials were re-organized, and re-housed for
better preservation.

A copy of the previous finding aid is maintained on site for researcher reference.

Bunche, Ralph Johnson (7 Aug. 1904-9 Dec. 1971), scholar and diplomat, was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Fred Bunch,
a barber, and Olive Agnes Johnson. His grandmother added an "e" to the family's last name following a move to Los Angeles,
California. Because his family moved frequently, Bunche attended a number of public schools before graduating first in his
class from Jefferson High School in Los Angeles in 1922. He majored in political science at the University of California,
Southern Branch (now University of California, Los Angeles or UCLA). He graduated summa cum laude and served as class valedictorian
in 1927. He continued his studies in political science at Harvard, receiving his M.A. in 1928, then taught at Howard University
in Washington, D.C., while working toward his Ph.D. at Harvard. In 1930 he married Ruth Ethel Harris; they had three children.
Bunche traveled to Europe and Africa researching his dissertation and received his Ph.D. from Harvard in February 1934.

Concerned with the problems facing African Americans in the United States, Bunche published numerous articles on racial issues
and the monograph
A World View of Race (1936). He and his colleague John P. Davis organized a 1935 conference called "The Status of the Negro under the New Deal,"
at which Bunche criticized the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration and the New Deal. He was also involved in the creation
of the National Negro Congress, an attempt to bring white Americans and African Americans of different social and economic
backgrounds together to discuss race matters. In the final years of the decade Bunche contributed research and reports to
a Carnegie study on American race relations headed by sociologist Gunnar Myrdal. The resulting work,
An American Dilemma: The Negro Problem and Modern Democracy, published in 1944, was a landmark study of racial conflicts in the United States.

The rise of totalitarianism in Europe and the outbreak of war in 1939 worried Bunche, who feared that a Nazi victory in Europe
would spur the growth of fascism in the United States, with disastrous consequences for African Americans. In 1941 he entered
public service, accepting a position as a senior analyst in the Office of the Coordinator of Information (later the Office
of Strategic Services). As head of the Africa Section, Bunche urged his superiors to approach the problem of postwar decolonization
of European holdings in Africa. His proposal was rejected, and he transferred to the Department of State in 1944.

Bunche served as an adviser to the American delegations at the conferences in Dumbarton Oaks and San Francisco concerning
the creation of the United Nations (UN). Recognized for his contributions on colonial and trusteeship policies, he was appointed
a member of the U.S. delegation to the 1945 meeting of the Preparatory Commission of the UN and the first session of the UN
General Assembly in 1946. In April 1946 Bunche took a temporary position on the United Nations Secretariat as director of
the trusteeship position. The temporary position became permanent, and he served on the UN Secretariat for the remainder of
his life.

In 1947 Bunche was appointed to the United Nations Special Committee on Palestine. He drafted both the majority report, which
recommended a partition of the territory between Palestinians and Jews, and the minority report, which called for the creation
of a federal state. The UN General Assembly accepted the partition plan, and Bunche was named the principal secretary for
a commission designed to oversee its implementation. With the outbreak of war in 1948, Bunche was appointed as an assistant
to the UN mediator, Count Folke Bernadotte. Following Bernadotte's assassination in September of that year, Bunche became
the acting mediator. He successfully negotiated armistice agreements between Israel and several Arab states and was awarded
the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts.

Bunche's commitment to the United Nations did not prevent him from speaking out against racial discrimination in the United
States. In 1949 he turned down a position as assistant secretary of state, noting that he did not want to experience the blatant
discrimination against African Americans that existed in the nation's capital.

Bunche was appointed an undersecretary-general for special political affairs in 1954. With the outbreak of the Suez crisis
in 1956, he was again called upon to use his diplomatic skills in a Middle Eastern conflict, and he organized the UN Emergency
Force that was responsible for peacekeeping activities in the region. His Middle East experience prepared him for the difficulties
he faced in 1960, when he organized and commanded both the military and civilian branches of the UN peacekeeping force sent
to the Congo. He again directed a peacekeeping force when conflicts erupted on the island of Cyprus in 1964.

Bunche continued to press for the civil rights of African Americans. Though he still hoped for a society free from racial
division, the civil rights conflicts of the late 1960s troubled him greatly. He participated in the 1965 march from Selma
to Montgomery with Martin Luther King, Jr. However, Bunche found himself under attack from leaders, such as Stokely Carmichael
and Malcolm X, who argued that he had served white society and abandoned his African heritage. In turn, Bunche denounced the
separatist agenda of the Black Power movement. Health problems, many related to his diabetes, slowed him in the final years
of his life. He died in New York City.

During his lifetime Bunche garnered international recognition and numerous rewards for his United Nations service, including
the U.S. Medal of Freedom in 1963. Though his position earned him the derision of many civil rights leaders in the 1960s,
he was dedicated to the cause of African-American civil rights throughout his career. By using his diplomatic skills in the
service of the United Nations, he promoted the cause of peace in a world that sorely needed men of dedication and ability
in this area.

Collection consists of correspondence, speeches, manuscripts, articles, publications, photographs, and awards related to the
life and career of Ralph J. Bunche. Includes materials related to his teaching and research, his affiliations with various
service organizations, educational institutions and international conferences.

The collection includes Bunche's graduate research materials on Africa (photographs and field notes); research and reports
from his participation in the Carnegie-Myrdal study on race in the America; U.S. Office of Strategic Services (OSS) reports;
Institute of Pacific Relations (IPR) documents; materials related to Bunche's involvement with the United Nations (UN), including
Trusteeship records, and materials dealing with his appointment as undersecretary of the UN in 1954; and material related
to Bunche's receipt of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950.

Organization and Arrangement

Arranged in the following series:

1. University of California, Los Angeles, 1922-1927.

2. Harvard Graduate School, 1927-1934.

3. Howard University, 1928-1952.

4. Social Science Research Council Fieldwork, 1936-1938.

5. Carnegie-Myrdal Study, 1936-1943.

6. Office of Strategic Services, 1941-1944.

6.1 Interviews, Studies and Reports on Africa

6.2 French Africa materials

6.3 North Africa materials

6.4 South Africa materials

6.5 Portuguese Africa materials

6.6 British Africa materials

6.7 Liberia materials

6.8 Memoranda and notes

6.9 Surveys on Africa

7. Institute of Pacific Relations, 1942-1952.

8. Department of State, 1943-1947.

9. United Nations Materials, 1943-1965.

9.1 Trusteeship Council

9.2 UN General materials

10. Loyalty Board Hearings, 1933-1954.

11. Correspondence, 1927-1971.

12. Calendars, Diaries, and Notes, 1930-1970.

13. Organizations and Associations, 1935-1967.

14. Speeches, Interviews, and Broadcasted Recordings, 1926-1969.

15. Articles, Manuscripts, and Publications, 1928-1971.

16. Photographs and Albums, 1924-1990.

17. Honorary Degrees, Awards, Trophies, 1932-1971.

17.1 Honorary Degrees

17.2 Awards, Citations, and Honors

17.3 Nobel Prize Materials

17.4 Medals, Plaques, and Trophies

18. Trips, Events, and Memorabilia, 1931-1967.

19. Clippings, Scrapbooks, and Publications, 1922-1991.

19.1 Articles and Clippings

19.2 Scrapbooks

19.3 Publications received

20. Films and Audio Recordings, 1937-1975.

21. Personal and Family Papers, 1916-1992.

21.1 Personal Correspondence: CLOSED.

21.2 Ralph Bunche

21.3 Ruth Bunche

21.4 Bunche Family

21.5 Ralph Bunche memorials and tributes

Indexing Terms

The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the library's online public access catalog.

Subjects

Bunche, Ralph J. (Ralph Johnson), 1904-1971--Archives.

United Nations--Officials and employees, American--Archival resources.