Biology
Glossary
(e.g. epibenthic)

Found over soft bottoms, near rocky or coral reefs; also near reef drop-offs (Ref. 12951). Occasionally near the surface and may jump out of the water. Often in schools, sometimes associated with Aetobatus narinari, the spotted eagle ray (Ref. 12951). Feeds on benthic crustaceans and mollusks. Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449).