Martini was educated by his father, a violinist; by Luc’Antonio Predieri (harpsichord, singing, organ); and by Antonio Riccieri (counterpoint). He was ordained in 1729, after becoming chapelmaster of San Francesco in Bologna in 1725. He opened a school of music, and his fame as a teacher made Bologna a place of pilgrimage. Among his pupils were J.C. Bach, Mozart, Christoph Gluck, Niccolò Jommelli, and André Grétry; among his correspondents were the leading men of letters of his time, including Martin Agricola, Pietro Metastasio, Johann Quantz, and Jean-Philippe Rameau.

Martini was a zealous collector of musical literature; his library, estimated at 17,000 volumes by the 18th-century music historian Charles Burney, became the basis for the Civic Museum and Music Library in Bologna. He was a prolific composer of sacred and secular music. His works include the Litaniae (1734), 12 Sonate d’intavolatura (1742), 6 Sonateper l’organo ed il cembalo (1747), Duetti da camera (1763), and masses and oratorios. His most important literary works are the Storia della musica (1757–81; incomplete) and the two-volume Saggio di contrappunto (1774–75).

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A third Italian, Giovanni Battista Martini, renowned as a teacher and music historian, left 24 symphonies dating roughly between 1736 and 1777. There is remarkable consistency within this corpus. All but one of the symphonies are in the then-normal three movements (Sammartini wrote a number in four), and all have outer movements in a major key, whereas the middle slow movements are nearly...