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August 06, 2013

Last month, the American
Association for Cancer Research (AACR) announced that researchers
at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) had generated a data set of
cancer-specific genetic variations, which the researchers were making freely available
to the research community. The data set
of coding variants in the NCI-60 panel of cell lines was described in the July
15 issue of the AACR journal Cancer
Research (Abaan et al., "The
Exomes of the NCI-60 Panel: A Genomic Resource for Cancer Biology and Systems
Pharmacology"). The NCI-60 human cancer cell line panel,
which consists of 60 different cell lines representing cancers of the lung,
colon, brain, ovary, breast, prostate, and kidney, as well as leukemia and
melanoma, is used extensively by cancer researchers to discover anti-cancer drugs. According to the
article, the genomic variants identified in the NCI-60 panel are being made available at the NCI DTP, CellMiner,
and Ingenuity
websites.

Co-author Dr. Yves Pommier,
chief of the NCI's Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, noted that the data
set of coding variants constitutes "the largest database worldwide,
containing 6 billion data points that connect drugs with genomic variants for
the whole human genome across cell lines from nine tissues of origin, including
breast, ovary, prostate, colon, lung, kidney, brain, blood, and skin." He added that "[o]pening this extensive
data set to researchers will expand our knowledge and understanding of
tumorigenesis, as more and more cancer-related gene aberrations are discovered."

The comprehensive list of
cancer-specific genetic variations was generated by conducting whole-exome
sequencing of the NCI-60 human cancer cell line panel. The genetic variations that were identified consisted
of two types: type I variants
corresponding to variants found in the normal population, and type II variants,
which are cancer-specific.

Preliminary studies
conducted by the researchers indicate that the data set has the potential to
enhance our understanding of the relationships between specific cancer-related
genetic variations and drug response. In
particular, the researchers were able to predict the sensitivity of cells
harboring type II variants to 103 anti-cancer drugs approved by the FDA and an
additional 207 investigational new drugs.

One month prior to the release
of the NCI-60 panel database, the Genetic Alliance, a network of more than
1,200 disease-specific advocacy organizations, thousands of universities,
private companies, government agencies, and public policy organizations, announced
the launch of an initiative to fill the public information gap caused by the
lack of available genetic information for the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (see "Consortium Launches Public Database of BRCA
Data"). The Genetic Alliance announcement came on the same day that the Supreme Court issued
its decision in Association for Molecular Pathology v. Myriad Genetics, Inc.