AIM: This paper is a report of a study to examine the effects of a Roy Adaptation Model-based experimental education, exercise and social support programme on adaptation in persons with heart failure. BACKGROUND: In the past 20 years, a large number of studies have evaluated heart failure. Several studies of other chronic diseases have been based on the Roy Adaptation Model and show that this approach is useful in promoting adaptation for patients. METHOD: A randomized, parallel, controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2005 with 43 patients (21 intervention and 22 control patients). A booklet for patient training was given to those in the intervention group. Participants received a patient identification form, assessment form for physiological data, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, Interpersonal Support Evaluation List and the 6-Minute Walk Test. RESULTS: Patients in the intervention group adapted well to their condition and the four adaptive modes of Roy Adaptation Model were interrelated. Patients' quality of life was enhanced, their functional capacities increased and social support within the interdependence dimension improved in patients in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to use the Roy Adaptation Model in a study of patients with heart failure. Roy's model is an effective guide for nursing practice when caring for patients with heart failure.