Previous GeneCards Identifiers for TERT Gene

Summaries for TERT Gene

Entrez Gene Summary for TERT Gene

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein polymerase that maintains telomere ends by addition of the telomere repeat TTAGGG. The enzyme consists of a protein component with reverse transcriptase activity, encoded by this gene, and an RNA component which serves as a template for the telomere repeat. Telomerase expression plays a role in cellular senescence, as it is normally repressed in postnatal somatic cells resulting in progressive shortening of telomeres. Deregulation of telomerase expression in somatic cells may be involved in oncogenesis. Studies in mouse suggest that telomerase also participates in chromosomal repair, since de novo synthesis of telomere repeats may occur at double-stranded breaks. Alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms of telomerase reverse transcriptase have been identified; the full-length sequence of some variants has not been determined. Alternative splicing at this locus is thought to be one mechanism of regulation of telomerase activity. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for TERT Gene

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. Active in progenitor and cancer cells. Inactive, or very low activity, in normal somatic cells. Catalytic component of the teleromerase holoenzyme complex whose main activity is the elongation of telomeres by acting as a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme. Catalyzes the RNA-dependent extension of 3-chromosomal termini with the 6-nucleotide telomeric repeat unit, 5-TTAGGG-3. The catalytic cycle involves primer binding, primer extension and release of product once the template boundary has been reached or nascent product translocation followed by further extension. More active on substrates containing 2 or 3 telomeric repeats. Telomerase activity is regulated by a number of factors including telomerase complex-associated proteins, chaperones and polypeptide modifiers. Modulates Wnt signaling. Plays important roles in aging and antiapoptosis.

Tocris Summary for TERT Gene

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein composed of an internal telomerase RNA template (TERC) and the enzyme, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Telomerase adds repeat sequences of DNA (TTAGGG) to the end of chromosomes - multiple repeats of this are a 'telomere'.

Protein details for TERT Gene (UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot)

Protein attributes for TERT Gene

Size:

1132 amino acids

Molecular mass:

126997 Da

Quaternary structure:

Homodimer; dimerization is required to produce a functional complex. Oligomer; can form oligomers in the absence of the telomerase RNA template component (TERC). Catalytic subunit of the telomerase holoenzyme complex composed minimally of TERT and TERC. The telomerase complex is composed of TERT, DKC1, WDR79/TCAB1, NOP10, NHP2, GAR1, TEP1, EST1A, POT1 and a telomerase RNA template component (TERC). The molecular chaperone HSP90/P23 complex is required for correct assembly and stabilization of the active telomerase. Interacts directly with HSP90A and PTGES3. Interacts with HSPA1A; the interaction occurs in the absence of TERC and dissociates once the complex has formed. Interacts with RAN; the interaction promotes nuclear export of TERT. Interacts with XPO1. Interacts with PTPN11; the interaction retains TERT in the nucleus. Interacts with NCL (via RRM1 and C-terminal RRM4/Arg/Gly-rich domains); the interaction is important for nucleolar localization of TERT. Interacts with SMARCA4 (via the bromodomain); the interaction regulates Wnt-mediated signaling. Interacts with MCRS1 (isoform MCRS2); the interaction inhibits in vitro telomerase activity. Interacts with PIF1; the interaction has no effect on the elongation activity of TERT. Interacts with PML; the interaction recruits TERT to PML bodies and inhibits telomerase activity. Interacts with GNL3L (By similarity). Interacts with isoform 1 and isoform 2 of NVL (PubMed:22226966).

Protein Expression for TERT Gene

Selected DME Specific Peptides for TERT Gene

Post-translational modifications for TERT Gene

Phosphorylation at Tyr-707 under oxidative stress leads to translocation of TERT to the cytoplasm and reduces its antiapoptotic activity. Dephosphorylated by SHP2/PTPN11 leading to nuclear retention. Phosphorylation at Ser-227 by the AKT pathway promotes nuclear location. Phosphorylation at the G2/M phase at Ser-457 by DYRK2 promotes ubiquitination by the EDVP complex and degradation.

Ubiquitinated by the EDVP complex, a E3 ligase complex following phosphorylation at Ser-457 by DYRK2. Ubiquitinated leads to proteasomal degradation. In case of infection by HIV-1, the EDVP complex is hijacked by HIV-1 via interaction between HIV-1 Vpr and DCAF1/VPRBP, leading to ubiquitination and degradation.

Graphical View of Domain Structure for InterPro Entry

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:

The primer grip sequence in the RT domain is required for telomerase activity and for stable association with short telomeric primers.

Belongs to the reverse transcriptase family. Telomerase subfamily.

Domain:

The primer grip sequence in the RT domain is required for telomerase activity and for stable association with short telomeric primers.

The RNA-interacting domain 1 (RD1)/N-terminal extension (NTE) is required for interaction with the pseudoknot-template domain of each of TERC dimers. It contains anchor sites that bind primer nucleotides upstream of the RNA-DNA hybrid and is thus an essential determinant of repeat addition processivity.

The RNA-interacting domain 2 (RD2) is essential for both interaction with the CR4-CR5 domain of TERC and for DNA synthesis.

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme essential for the replication of chromosome termini in most eukaryotes. Active in progenitor and cancer cells. Inactive, or very low activity, in normal somatic cells. Catalytic component of the teleromerase holoenzyme complex whose main activity is the elongation of telomeres by acting as a reverse transcriptase that adds simple sequence repeats to chromosome ends by copying a template sequence within the RNA component of the enzyme. Catalyzes the RNA-dependent extension of 3-chromosomal termini with the 6-nucleotide telomeric repeat unit, 5-TTAGGG-3. The catalytic cycle involves primer binding, primer extension and release of product once the template boundary has been reached or nascent product translocation followed by further extension. More active on substrates containing 2 or 3 telomeric repeats. Telomerase activity is regulated by a number of factors including telomerase complex-associated proteins, chaperones and polypeptide modifiers. Modulates Wnt signaling. Plays important roles in aging and antiapoptosis.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

Aplastic anemia (AA) [MIM:609135]: A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements. It is characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:15885610, ECO:0000269 PubMed:16627250, ECO:0000269 PubMed:16990594, ECO:0000269 PubMed:19760749}. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Melanoma, cutaneous malignant 9 (CMM9) [MIM:615134]: A malignant neoplasm of melanocytes, arising de novo or from a pre-existing benign nevus, which occurs most often in the skin but also may involve other sites. {ECO:0000269 PubMed:23348503}. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Note=Activation of telomerase has been implicated in cell immortalization and cancer cell pathogenesis.

Pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic (IPF) [MIM:178500]: A lung disease characterized by shortness of breath, radiographically evident diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and varying degrees of inflammation and fibrosis on biopsy. In some cases, the disorder can be rapidly progressive and characterized by sequential acute lung injury with subsequent scarring and end-stage lung disease. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

No data available for
Genatlas
for TERT Gene

Publications for TERT Gene

Constitutional hypomorphic telomerase mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia.(PMID: 19147845)Calado RT … Young NS(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009)34224458

Mutations in TERT, the gene for telomerase reverse transcriptase, in aplastic anemia.(PMID: 15814878)Yamaguchi H … Young NS(The New England journal of medicine 2005)34224458