After Adam Smith: A Century of Transformation in Politics and Political Economy

Few issues are more central to our present predicaments than the relationship between economics and politics. In the century after Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations the British economy was transformed. After Adam Smith looks at how politics and political economy were articulated and altered. It considers how grand ideas about the connections between/i>/i>

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Overview

Few issues are more central to our present predicaments than the relationship between economics and politics. In the century after Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations the British economy was transformed. After Adam Smith looks at how politics and political economy were articulated and altered. It considers how grand ideas about the connections between individual liberty, free markets, and social and economic justice sometimes attributed to Smith are as much the product of gradual modifications and changes wrought by later writers.

Thomas Robert Malthus, David Ricardo, James Mill, John Stuart Mill, and other liberals, radicals, and reformers had a hand in conceptual transformations that culminated in the advent of neoclassical economics. The population problem, the declining importance of agriculture, the consequences of industrialization, the structural characteristics of civil society, the role of the state in economic affairs, and the possible limits to progress were questions that underwent significant readjustments as the thinkers who confronted them in different times and circumstances reworked the framework of ideas advanced by Smithtransforming the dialogue between politics and political economy. By the end of the nineteenth century an industrialized and globalized market economy had firmly established itself. By exploring how questions Smith had originally grappled with were recast as the economy and the principles of political economy altered during the nineteenth century, this book demonstrates that we are as much the heirs of later images of Smith as we are of Smith himself.

Many writers helped shape different ways of thinking about economics and politics after Adam Smith. By ignoring their interventions we risk misreading our pastand also misusing itwhen thinking about the choices at the interface of economics and politics that confront us today.

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Table of Contents

Contents

Preface....................viiChapter One Introduction....................1Chapter Two Adam Smith's Political Odyssey....................10Chapter Three The Rise and Fall of Civil Society....................33Chapter Four Economic Life and Political Life....................60Chapter Five The Economic Machine and the Invisible Hand....................77Chapter Six The Figure of Smith....................97Chapter Seven Population and Political Economy....................121Chapter Eight Utility, Property, and Political Participation....................139Chapter Nine Economic Opinion on Parliamentary Reform....................160Chapter Ten Utopias and Stationary States....................186Chapter Eleven Labour Defended....................217Chapter Twelve Individual Liberty and the Liberty of Trade....................237Chapter Thirteen Two Critiques of Classical Political Economy....................258References....................269Index....................299