Greenland hosts Arctic sovereignty talks

ILULISSAT, Greenland | By Kim McLaughlin

ILULISSAT, Greenland May 27 Senior officials
from five Arctic countries met in Greenland on Tuesday to
discuss sovereignty over the Arctic Ocean, which could hold up
to one-quarter of the world's undiscovered oil reserves.

Canada, Denmark, Norway, Russia and the United States are
squabbling over huge tracts of the Arctic seabed and Denmark has
called them together for talks in its self-governing province to
avert a free-for-all for the region's natural resources.

"We need to send a common political signal to both our own
populations and the rest of the world that the five coastal
states will address the opportunities and challenges in a
responsible manner", Danish Foreign Minister Per Stig Moller
told reporters.

"Climate change is a fact of the Arctic. The ice is melting
and transport routes and natural resources which used to be
inaccessible are opening up," Moller said.

Moller and Greenland Premier Hans Enoksen will meet the
Norwegian and Russian foreign ministers, Jonas Gahr Stoere and
Sergei Lavrov, U.S. Deputy Secretary of State John Negroponte
and Canadian Natural Resources Minister Gary Lunn at the two-day
conference in the town of Ilulissat.

Denmark has urged all involved to abide by United Nations
rules on territorial claims and hopes to sign a declaration that
the United Nations would rule on any disputes.

Environmental groups have criticised the scramble for the
Arctic, saying it will damage unique animal habitats, and have
called for a treaty similar to that regulating the Antarctic,
which bans military activity and mineral mining.

The five nations plan to discuss not only territorial
claims, but also cooperation over accidents, maritime security
and oil spills. Moller said that as the ice sheet shrinks,
icebergs will form and pose serious threats to shipping.

RUSSIAN SEABED FLAG

Russia angered other Arctic countries last year by planting
a flag on the seabed under the North Pole in a headline-grabbing
gesture that some criticised as a stunt.

Lavrov on Tuesday compared the incident to the U.S. lunar
landings in the 1960's and 1970's.

"There is no claim for any territory. There couldn't be,
because there is the Law of the Sea Convention and there are
mechanisms created to implement this convention," he told
reporters in Copenhagen before leaving for Greenland.

"It's important that the five Arctic nations send a
clear-cut signal that they do want and are willing to cooperate
on the basis of international law. This basis is solid and is
sufficient to resolve all the issues that exist in the region,"
he said.

Countries around the Arctic Ocean are rushing to stake
claims on the Polar Basin seabed and its oil and gas reserves,
made more tempting by rising energy prices, and have taken their
arguments to the United Nations.

Resolving territorial disputes in the Arctic has gained
urgency because scientists believe rising temperatures could
leave most of the Arctic ice-free in summer months in a few
decades' time.

This would improve drilling access and open up the Northwest
Passage, a route through the Arctic Ocean linking the Atlantic
and Pacific that would reduce the sea journey from New York to
Singapore by thousands of miles.

Under the 1982 U.N. Law of the Sea Convention, coastal
states own the seabed beyond existing 200 nautical mile (370 km)
zones if it is part of a continental shelf of shallower waters.

While the rules aim to fix shelves' outer limits on a clear
geological basis, they have created a tangle of overlapping
Arctic claims.
(Additional reporting by Gelu Sulugiuc in Copenhagen)
(Editing by Tim Pearce)