Abstract: This seven volume collection of manuscripts and printed materials on colonial and independent Peru focuses on the late eighteenth
century, although its contents span from the seventeenth to the early nineteenth century. Three volumes of Royal Decrees feature
important institutional information for the entirety of Spanish America, especially in relation to the late Bourbon military
reforms under Viceroy Theodore de la Croix. Fernando Quadrado, an important eighteenth century Spanish
oidor, appears prominently throughout the collection. The Peruvian mining industry is well documented in two volumes related to
Baron von Nordenflicht's controversial mining expedition and Pedro Miralles' relationship to the former.

Language: Finding aid is written in
English.

Repository:
University of California, Los Angeles. Library. Department of Special Collections.

Los Angeles, California 90095-1575

Physical location: Stored off-site at SRLF. Advance notice is required for access to the collection. Please contact the UCLA Library, Department
of Special Collections Reference Desk for paging information.

Administrative Information

Restrictions on Access

COLLECTION STORED OFF-SITE AT SRLF: Open for research. Advance notice required for access. Contact the UCLA Library, Department
of Special Collections Reference Desk for paging information.

Restrictions on Use and Reproduction

Property rights to the physical object belong to the UCLA Library,
Department of Special Collections. Literary rights, including copyright,
are retained by the creators and their heirs. It is the responsibility of
the researcher to determine who holds the copyright and pursue the
copyright owner or his or her heir for permission to publish where The UC
Regents do not hold the copyright.

Provenance/Source of Acquisition

Purchase, ca. 1969.

Processing Note

Processed by Pablo Sierra, with assistance from Kelley Bachli, in the Center For Primary Research and Training (CFPRT), 2008.

In the context of Spanish American history, this collection comprises the late colonial and early independence periods. Materials
related to the Bourbon reforms (1713-1806) reveal a genuine interest by part of the Spanish Crown and more specifically Viceroy
Theodore de Croix (1784-1790) to modernize its most important South American colony. Important indigenous uprisings are documented
in Royal Decrees sent by the king to key military officers and allies who put down a series of significant indigenous rebellions,
most notably Tupac Amaru II's 1780 uprising. Despite being a royalist stronghold, letters to the insurgent military leaders
José de San Martín and Simón Bolivar expose the extent to which the wars of independence affected all sectors of society.

Scope and Content

The Peruvian manuscripts span a wide range of topics, although there is a notable concentration of themes that revolve around
the interests of influential colonial administrators, mine and plantation owners. The first volume consists of various documents
directly related to Don Fernando Quadrado and the cases he oversaw as a late 18th and early 19th century royal functionary.
Both the second and third volumes of the collection center around the Chanca and Cachirín mines and the Hacienda Bellavista
in the central Peruvian province of Cajatambo. Historical characters such as Pedro Miralles, José Coquet and Baron von Nordenflicht
carry out a number of legal procedures for control of the mines and their indigenous workforce. A very lengthy dispute over
the permanent lease (emphytensis) of Nuestra Señora de Guia Monastery's landholdings are the principal focus of the fourth
volume, in which Fernando Quadrado reappears. The fifth, sixth and seventh volumes consist of copies and registers of royal
mandates, which address a very wide range of topics and illustrate the principal preoccupations of colonial rule as viewed
by the King of Spain and Viceroy of Peru. Materials related to the military reforms of the Spanish American armies, advancements
in shipping technologies, and concerns over tobacco production provide a very broad institutional history of Peru and more
generally for Spanish South America.

Organization and Arrangement

Seven bound volumes, numbered one through seven, are stored in three boxes. Individual volumes contain documents from various
historical periods, which are not arranged chronologically.

Indexing Terms

The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the library's online public access catalog.

This volume consists of various documents directly related to Don Fernando Quadrado himself, or to cases he oversaw as a late
18th and early 19th century royal functionary (oidor). The first papers address Quadrado's achievements and appointments as
a high royal functionary in Puerto Rico, Venezuela and Peru. The volume encompasses documents relevant to the last fifty years
of Spanish rule in South America along with the closing stages of the independence wars. In this respect, two letters from
Quadrado to the “Protector” José de San Martín and another to Simón Bolivar deserve particular attention as historically significant
documents. In addition, there are several documents linked to the production of cacao and its dependence on slave labor, including
an 1804 bill of slave purchase. The items contain an ample discussion of legalistic disputes surrounding the limits of the
"fuero" military exemptions. A series of 1811 letters are related to the Nuestra Señora de Guia monastery land disputes (see
Vol. 4). An 1816 administrative visit to the Hospital de San Bartolomé reveals the institution's revenue and expenditures,
along with a detailed account of the number of paying and non-paying residents.

This volume comprises various late 18th century negotiations involving the Chanca and Cachirín mines and the Hacienda Bellavista
in the central Peruvian province of Cajatambo. The former owners, Pedro Miralles and José Coquet, provided extensive documentation
of the mines' financial operations. A collection of letters to the Viceroy Chevallier de Croix are written in French, signed
by the mine owner "Joseph Coquette". These documents detail Baron von Nordenflicht's polemic acquisition of the mines and
the problems confronted by the royally endorsed mining expedition. A great deal of discussion revolves around 18th and 19th
century metallurgy and the use of mercury (azogue) for mineral refinement. The volume also contains seral documents on the
forced labor system imposed of Indian villages, better known as the "mita". The Hacienda Bellavista census information (1791,
1801, 1805) and several Cajatambo tribute registers also provide valuable information on the region's indigenous workforce,
the "Indios Mitayos".

This first volume of royal decrees covers the earliest documents in the entire Peruvian Manuscripts collection. An assortment
of official political and institutional stances, it gathers indexes of royal legislation, such as the Duque de Palata's 1680-1688
decrees (Peru's 22nd viceroy). The 18th century is particularly well covered in this compilation through various registers
of royal decrees for the years 1720-1731, 1772-1776 and 1778-1812. By means of these documents one is able to reconstruct
an institutional history of Spanish South America as a whole, not merely Peru. Numerous documents make reference to “Buenos
Ayres”, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, Nueva Granada (modern-day Colombia, Venezuela & Ecuador), Alto Peru (Bolivia) and even Cuba.The
bulk of materials in volumes 5 and 6 fall within the period of the Viceroy Theodore de Croix (1784-1790), and the last years
of the reign of Charles III (1759-1788). As such, they are generally concerned with the administrative reforms of the late
Spanish empire and the stimulation of new industries, technologies and markets. For Argentina and Chile, several items attest
to new settlement and pacification strategies for the remaining indigenous populations.

Tithes to be paid by religious orders in the provinces of Peru 1619 August 24.

Physical Description: p. 1-2 (2 pages)

Phelipe Nunez sued for theft of fruits from a "chacara" in Guanuco 1623 June 2.

Physical Description: p. 3-5 (3 pages)

Juan Luis de Berrio awarded the title of "Marqués" 1657 February 8.

Physical Description: p. 7-11 (5 pages)

Recommendation and provision for Don Joseph de Buendia 1663 May 30.

Physical Description: p. 15-18 (4 pages)

Juan de Buendia y Pastrana receives provision from the King 1683 December 2.

Physical Description: p. 19-21 (3 pages)

Juan de Soto y Temporal accepted into the order of Alcantara 1694 October 21.

Physical Description: p. 23-24 (2 pages)

Copy of Soto y Temporal's royal decree for the order of Alcantara 1694 September 23.

Physical Description: p. 24-25 (2 pages)

Duque de Palata's register of viceroyal decrees for Peru 1680-1688.

Physical Description: p. 27-48 (22 pages)

Local "Corregidores" and justices must remain and serve in their districts 1758 September 7.

Physical Description: p. 49-52 (4 pages)

Collection of registers for the Prince of Saint Bono and Mr. Morcillo 1713-1734.

Physical Description: p. 53-62 (10 pages)

Duque de Albuquerque investigates clergy's role in Guanajuato mines 1705 March 7.

Physical Description: p. 63-64 (2 pages)

Franciscans negligence towards indigenous community of Papayan 1722 February 2.

Physical Description: p. 65-68 (4 pages)

Joseph de Antequera's involucrated with Franciscans' misbehavior 1733 September 9.

Physical Description: p. 69 (1 page)

King disapproves of Thomas Jijon's attempt to beatify Azucena de Quito 1757 May 10.

Physical Description: p. 71-76 (6 pages)

Decree forbidding documents to be extracted from royal offices 1764 October 16.

Physical Description: p. 79-81 (3 pages)

Dispute between San Juan Baptista and San Cristobal royal colleges 1770 May 11.

Physical Description: p. 83-87 (5 pages)

Actions of Jesuit missionaries in Paraguay complicate state actions 1751 August 24.

Physical Description: p. 91-92 (2 pages)

Crown determines projects for the proper settlement of Chile 1795 November 23.

Physical Description: p. 93-120 (28 pages)

Encomenderos of Chile will only have Indian labor for three months a year 1759 March 31.

Physical Description: p. 121-122 (2 pages)

Reprimanding Chile's government officials for excessive expenses 1759 February 18.

Physical Description: p. 123-125 (3 pages)

Cover page for the authorized copies of royal decrees in the volume after 1776.

When consulted in conjunction with Volume 2, Peruvian Manuscripts (18th and 19th century mining documents), these items provide
a detailed portrait of mining life in late colonial Peru. The first third of the volume consists of copies of letters and
various other documents pertaining to the mine owner Don Pedro Miralles and his relationship with Baron von Nordenflicht.
The years 1791-1792 are particularly well accounted for and feature the inventories and financial books of the Hacienda Bellavista
and the Chanca mine. There are also key items specifying the relationship between the Chanca deposit and the Huancavelica
mercury mine, the latter being crucial to the development of the mining industry throughout colonial Spanish America. A significant
number of pages are devoted to the mine's poor administration at the hands of the Christian Griespach, a key figure in Nordenflicht's
mining expedition. Both Griespach and Miralles figure in complaints by the region's indigenous and mestizo workers. As in
the collection's second volume, numerous items document the colonial dependence on the mita, or forced indigenous labor. To
this effect, a census list of the number of Indians needed to work in Cachirin may be of particular relevance to the researcher.

Cover page for Pedro Miralles' dossier of his plantations ca. 1792.

Physical Description: p. 1 (1 page)

Miralles asks subdelegate to formalize turnover of his properties 1792 September 9.

Physical Description: p. 5-8 (4 pages)

Absent subdelegate suggests naming other witnesses in his place 1792 September 27.

Physical Description: p. 8-10 (3 pages)

Subdelegate unable to arrive due to dangerous case of colitis 1792 October 4.

Physical Description: p. 10-15 (6 pages)

Miralles asks von Nordenflicht for an inventory and financial books 1792 October 9.

The legal disputes surrounding Nuestra Señora de Guia Monastery's landholdings are the principal focus of this volume. The
bulk of the items contained are related to Juan Jose Valdivieso's lengthy lawsuit against the friars alleged usurping of land
they had already leased out to him. Valdivieso is later involved in another legal battle for land, this time with the Captain
of the Viceregal bodyguard, Valerio Gasols. Another dispute for the same plot of land surfaced in 1814, when Don Fernando
Quadrado (Volume 1, Peruvian Manuscripts), serving as a local official, became involved in a row with the Monastery's Prior.
This volume may be of interest for the study of legal procedures and emphytensis (permanent lease) during the late colonial
period in Peru.

Typed table of contents for volume undated.

Physical Description: p. 1-3 (3 pages. Typed.)

Manuel de Alburu purchases Convento de Guia's plot of land for four "lifetimes" 1735 December 6.

Physical Description: p. 5-23 (19 pages.)

Legal dossier on the land dispute between Juan Josef Valdivieso and the
convent
1776 August 1.

Physical Description: p. 25-51 (27 pages.)

Agreement between Valdivieso and convent to reduce payments to 125 pesos per
year
1775 January 20.

Physical Description: p. 53-76 (24 pages.)

Long-term lease agreement for land in name of Joaquin de Ibarrola and his
cousins
1768 February 10.

The military reforms of the late 18th century are the primary focus of this volume of royal mandates (primarily addressed
to the Peruvian viceroys). The reorganization of the Spanish empire's armed forces was intended to professionalize the militias
and place them on equal footing with the armies of Europe. Items on soldier's wages, compensation for service, and retirement
from active duty abound in this particular compilation. In addition, several documents make reference to the restructuring
of the black and colored militias (compañias de pardos y morenos). The development of new flags and insignia for Spanish ships
reveals a renewed interest for the Trans-Pacific trade with the Philippines and highlights the importance of the reforms
implemented for the maritime industry. Several documents make reference to the wide-spread 1789 rebellion of Jose Gabriel
Condorcanqui, better known as Tupac Amaru II. Two thirds of the documents bear the autograph signature “Galves” or the stamped
signature “Sonora” of José de Galves, the Marques de Sonora and Minister of the Indies.

Division of Lima's batallions according to rank and experience 1788 January 4.

Physical Description: p. 1-2 (2 pages.)

Josef Menendez to be relocated to military post in Chile 1785 January 24.

Physical Description: p. 5-7 (3 pages.)

Don Jorge Escobedo is awarded a seat in the Council of Indies 1785 January 21.

Physical Description: p. 9 (1 page.)

King terminates Escobedo's general visitation of Peru and Buenos Aires 1785 January 24.

Physical Description: p. 13-14 (2 pages.)

Newly arrived battalion to be redirected to city of La Paz 1785 February 3.

Physical Description: p. 17-18 (2 pages.)

Clarification of doubts over the payment of the "media-annata" tax 1785 February 4.

Physical Description: p. 21 (1 page. Printed.)

Local cacique implicated in the disturbances of Vacha y Llaray 1785 February 5.

Physical Description: p. 25 (1 page.)

Dispute over debt owed to the widow Maria de Sexma y Gorrais 1785 February 14.

The third and last volume of royal mandates within the Peruvian Manuscripts collection centers on changes to the region's
military structure (although to a lesser degree than Vol. 6). New shipping and packaging methods, for the improved transportation
of medicinal liquids and rare botanical specimens, were also of particular concern. Multiple items on the growing and shipping
of tobacco highlight the importance the crop had towards the end of the 18th century. The death and funerary ceremonies of
the Spanish king, Charles III (1716-1788) are also devoted a significant number of pages. Baron von Nordenflicht of the Peruvian
Mining Expedition (Vols. 1 & 2) also appears, receiving royal authorization for his controversial ventures in South America.
An enormous variety of topics are covered in this the collection's final volume, topics range from the right to receive free
university education and the invention of a more efficient gunpowder to the 1789 establishment of the Royal Maritime Company
(Real Compañía Marítima).

Servants of military men receive legal amnesty for the duration of their
employment
1788 January 15.

Physical Description: p. 1 (1 page. Printed.)

British ships will not be allowed to fire "retreat" cannonfire in Spanish ports 1788 January 18

Physical Description: p. 5 (1 page.)

Two sergeants from the Extramadura regiment are denied "invalido" status 1788 January 18.

Physical Description: p. 9 (1 page.)

King reproaches Fernando Marquez de la Plata, "Intendente de Huancavelica" 1788 January 21.

Physical Description: p. 13 (1 page.)

Montepio of Peru has not received 18,000 pesos in funding for nine years 1788 January 21.

Physical Description: p. 17-18 (2 pages.)

Brief report on the cost of sending "naipes" playing cards from Malaga 1788 January 22