Wire
localization performed using
ultrasound
guidance is more
rapid
and is better tolerated than mammographic localization.

US-guided
wire localization can be accomplished if there is a residual
lesion
visualized sonographically, or if there is an accurately placed
clip
.

US-guided

For patients found to have DCIS, complete
excision
of the entire breast
lesion
with appropriate
margins
is required for successful
breast
conservation
therapy
.

margins
therapy

What is an appropriate margin?

Well I believe it might be the margin for error.

No it is not, it refers to the distance between a tumor and the edge of the surrounding tissue that’s removed along with it.

The achievement of excision
margins
that are negative for
tumor
involvement is a significant
factor
in the reduction of local tumor
recurrence
.

factor
recurrence

The use of stereotactic CNB prior to planned
excision
of malignant
micro-calcifications
has decreased the incidence of finding
positive
margins at the time of
excision
. But still,
20 %
of cases still have a positive histologic
margin
of excision (Stomper, 2000).

positive
margin

The use of localization
wires
can be inserted mammographically into the breast to mark the
site
of the radiologic abnormality.

When an
excision
of a non-palpable breast
lesion
is performed, with or without retention of a localization wire, a
specimen
mammogram and pathologic assessment of tumor
margins
are required.

specimen

Whole specimen mammography is obligatory for clinically occult
lesions
excised under mammographic localization and is recommended for
palpable
lesions that are associated with micro-calcifications.

All specimens should be oriented by the
surgeon
. Specimen
radiography
is done to confirm the accurate
removal
of the mammographic abnormality and to
guide
the pathologist to
sample
the most appropriate area for
histology
. Visualization of the
clip
and/or foreign body
material
accompanying the clip helps the pathologist and the
surgeon
identify the prior
biopsy
site.

Choosing the Best Stateto Incorporate

Choosing where to incorporate can be as important as choosing what type of
business entity to form
. While there’s no legal requirement as to where your small business must incorporate, choosing the right jurisdiction is definitely a strategic issue that can provide benefits in the long run. For most small businesses incorporating in your home state makes the most sense, especially if you don’t engage in interstate commerce. If your small business, however, does engage in business across state lines, you should take certain factors into considerations such as how corporate taxes and laws vary between jurisdictions.

Home State

If you own a local small business and do not have plans to expand outside of your home state, incorporating at home usually makes the most sense. Generally, for every other state that you do business in, you will have to register and pay substantial fees as a foreign corporation. That means that if you incorporated in a different state, but only do business in your home state, you will likely be paying registration fees in the incorporating state as well as foreign corporation fees in your home state. In addition, you will likely have to hire a registered agent for service of process in every state that you do business.

Tax-Friendly State

Choosing a tax-friendly state can lead to huge potential savings for your small business. Nevada often tops the list as places to incorporate for tax considerations given that it has no taxes on corporate income, corporate shares, franchises, or personal income. Be aware though that most states require you to pay taxes on any income generated within that state. That means that if your small business was incorporated in Nevada, but you do business in both Nevada and New York, you will still have to pay New York taxes and fees. Here is a breakdown of corporate income taxes by state for 2016 by the
Tax Foundation
.

Corporate-Friendly State

You’ve probably heard the term “a Delaware corporation” before. Why do so many companies choose Delaware as a place to incorporate? It is because Delaware is widely known as the jurisdiction with the best business laws in the country. In addition to Delaware laws being very corporate-friendly, the court system, known as the Court of Chancery, is very sophisticated in business issues and is very effective in resolving issues. That means less legal costs for litigation that might take years longer elsewhere. Interestingly enough, many investors won’t even invest in a company that isn’t incorporated in Delaware or will require the company to reincorporate in Delaware. For a great summary of the benefits, take a look at this publication by the
Delaware Department of State
.