Abstract:

Using detailed firm-level data, we analyze Spain's Pharmaceutical Research Program, and find differences between the ex ante announced evaluation criteria and their ex post implementation. By studying the program's implementation, we also uncover that the apparent discrimination against non-European firms is due to the heavy penalty placed on not having local production plants. In this sense the R and D support program works in part as a production support program. Our analysis suggests that the design of public R and D programs cannot be judged exclusively on their results. Analyzing the implementation stage is equally important.