General Social Survey, 2004

The General Social Surveys (GSS) have been conducted by the National Opinion Research Center annually since 1972 except for the years 1979, 1981, and 1992 (a supplement was added in 1992), and biennially beginning in 1994. The GSS are designed as part of a program of social indicator research, replicating questionnaire items and wording in order to facilitate time-trend studies. The 2004 data contain twelve topical modules, including modules on daily spiritual experiences and religious transformations.

To download syntax files for the GSS that reproduce well-known religious group recodes, including RELTRAD, please visit the ARDA’s Syntax Repository.

NORC has introduced an innovative approach to demographic sampling frame construction and sample design for NORC's program of face-to-face surveys from 2004 onwards." The important changes from previous GSS designs are: (i) the construction of a new list-assisted sampling frame for 72% of the population; (ii) an increase in the size of the certainty stratum (the proportion of the population covered by certainty area selections); (iii) designation of new primary sampling units (PSUs) for the certainty stratum; (iv) designation of new secondary sampling units (SSUs) for the remaining "urban" areas; and (v) designation of larger SSUs for the remaining areas.

The appropriate citation for the GSS is:Davis, James Allan and Smith, Tom W.: General Social Survey(s), year(s).(Machine-readable data file). Principal Investigator, James A. Davis; Director and Co-Principal Investigator, Tom W. Smith; Co-Principal Investigator, Peter V. Marsden, NORC ed. Chicago: National Opinion Research Center, producer, 2002; Storrs, CT: The Roper Center for Public Opinion Research, University of Connecticut, distributor. Micro-computer format and codebook prepared and distributed by MicroCase Corporation.NORC also requests that you send a copy of your article to the GeneralSocial Survey, NORC, 1155 East 60th Street, Chicago, IL 60637.

Information on weightingDue to the adoption of the non-respondent, sub-sampling design, a weight must be employed when using the 2004 GSS. One possibility is to use the variable PHASE and weight by it so that the sub-sampled cases were properly represented. If one wanted to maintain the original sample size, one would weight by PHASE*0.87258. This weight would only apply to 2004 and would not take into account the number of adults weight discussed above. As such, it would be appropriate for generalizing to households and not to adults. A second possibility is to use the variable WT2004. This variable takes into consideration a) the subsampling of non-respondents, and b) the number of adults in the household. It also essentially maintains the original sample size. In years prior to 2004 a one is assigned to all cases so they are effectively unweighted. To adjust for number of adults in years prior to 2004, a number of adults weight would need to be utilized as described above. A third possibility is to use the variable WT2004NR. It is similar to WT2004, but adds in an area non-response adjustment. Thus, this variable takes into consideration a) the sub-sampling of non-respondents, b) the number of adults in the household, and c) differential non-response across areas.

It also essentially maintains the original sample size. As with WT2004, WT2004NR has a value of one assigned to all pre-2004 cases and as such they are effectively unweighted. Number of adults can be utilized to make this adjustment for years prior to 2004, but no area non-response adjustment is possible prior to 2004. Details on the construction of WT2004 and WT2004NR follow:

1 Within an SMSA and--a large central city (over 250,000)2 a medium size central city (50,000 to 250,000)3 a suburb of a large central city4 a suburb of a medium size central city5 an unincorporated area of a large central city (division, township,etc)6 an unincorporated area of a medium central city7 Not within an SMSA, (within a county) and--a small city (10,000 to49,999)8 a town or village (2,500 to 9,999)9 an incorporated area less than 2,500 or an unincorporated area of1,000 to 2,49910 open country within larger civil divisions, eg, township, division

NOTE 6: SRC NEW BELT CODE

SRC BELT

1 Central city of 12 largest SMSAs2 Central city of remainder of the 100 largest SMSAs3 Suburbs of 12 largest SMSAs4 Suburbs of the remaining 100 largest SMSAs5 Other Urban (counties having towns of 10,000 or more)6 Other rural (counties having no towns of 10,000 or more)

NOTE 7: DOT VARIABLES

All of these variables are interval level. Each variable is four digitslong. The first digit is a zero and a decimal should be read between thesecond and third digits. For example, 850, would be 8.50.

FAVORED1 Economic equality, general 2 Equal pay for equal work 3 Equal opportunity for advancement4 Women can do men's jobs5 Allows women to work (no reference to home/family) 10 Political equality (hold office, more influence) 20 Social equality, general

21 Remove stereotype of women as homemakers 22 Work outside of home should be option25 Women should be draftable26 Will promote abortion rights 30 Equal rights for all, general31 Represents progress32 Chance to fulfill potential, maximum utilization 35 Need to insure that equal rights are preserved, a guarantee40 Men and women are equal41 Men and women should be equal42 Women are now suppressed 43 Equal responsibilities for men/women 47 Miscellaneous

OPPOSED50 ERA will not help women, unspecified 51 ERA will increase discrimination against women 52 Will burden women; too much responsibility 55 Not needed men and women have equal rights 56 Attitudes, not laws, need changing 57 Too many laws/regulations already60 Men and women are not equal, general 61 Not equal, physical differences62 Not equal, Nature's/God's plan 63 Men should run government64 Men should be providers65 Woman's place is in home/with family 66 Traditional family will be broken down 67 Homosexual marriages/families promoted 68 Anti-family, miscellaneous 70 Increases conflict between men/women 71 Anti-male; discriminates against men 72 Makes women superior to men75 Anti-homemaker 80 Women will be drafted/sent to combat 81 Unisex bathrooms 82 Women priests83 Promotes abortions 85 Backed by radicals, Communists, liberals and other "extremists" 86 ERA gone to extremes, causing trouble87 ERA poorly drafted 88 Don't understand ERA 89 Miscellaneous

0 Not unemployed1 Unemployed during four years before last year and not main earner2 Unemployed during four years before last year and main earner3 Unemployed last year and not main earner4 Unemployed last year and during four previous years and not mainearner5 Unemployed last year and not main earner and unemployed duringprevious four years and main earner6 Unemployed last year and main earner7 Unemployed last year and main earner and unemployed previous fouryears and not main earner8 Unemployed last year and previous four years and main earner bothperiods9 No answer

NOTE 12: DEATH OF RELATIVES PAST FIVE YEARS

0 No deaths1 No deaths last year, one death during previous four years2 No deaths last year, two or more deaths during previous four years3 One death last year, none during previous four years 4 One death last year, one during previous four years5 One death last year, two or more during previous four years 6 Two or more deaths last year, none during previous four years7 Two or more deaths last year, one during previous four years8 Two or more deaths last year, two or more during previous four years9 No answer

# U.S. ECONOMY IN GENERAL21 Depression of 1930s; "Stock Market Crash of '29" (Include NegativeEffects on all Aspects of Life Caused by The Depression)22 Social Security, Any Mentions; Creation of Social Security System23 Unemployment (Except 18 or 21); Employment; Labor Unions24 Farm Problems; Crops/Livestock; Farm Prices/Subsidies;Physical/Financial Hardships; Incl. Technological Changes in Farming;Grain Embargo25 Oil Industry -- General or Specific References; Oil Embargo; Oil orGasoline Shortages26 Environment; Mentions of Improvements/Worsening in air, water,Endangered Species, Etc.29 Other Recent or Current Mentions of Economic Difficulties; Including Recession/Inflation/Prices30 Other Recent or Current Mentions or Economic Improvements150 Welfare State; Government Help/Programs to Assist and Care for People;Positive mentions

(Alcohol dependence)[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is a [white/African American/Hispanic] [man/woman]with an [eighth grade/high school/college] education. During the lastmonth [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] has started to drink more than his/her usualamount of alcohol. In fact, he/she has noticed that he/she needs to drinktwice as much as he/she used to get the same effect. Several times, he/shehas tried to cut down, or stop drinking, but he/she can't. Each timehe/she has tried to cut down, he/she became very agitated, sweaty andhe/she couldn't sleep, so he/she took another drink. His/Her family hascomplained that he/she is often hungover, and has become unreliable --making plans one day, and canceling them the next.

(Major depression)[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is a [white/African American/Hispanic] [man/woman]with an [eighth grade/high school/college] education. For the past twoweeks [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] has been feeling really down. He/She wakes upin the morning with a flat heavy feeling that sticks with him/her all daylong. He/She isn't enjoying things the way he/she normally would. In factnothing gives him/her pleasure. Even when good things happen, they don'tseem to make [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] happy. He/She pushes on throughhis/her days, but it is really hard. The smallest tasks are difficult toaccomplish. He/She finds it hard to concentrate on anything. He/She feelsout of energy and out of steam. And even though [John/Juan/Mary/Maria]feels tired, when night comes he/she can't go to sleep.[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] feels pretty worthless, and very discouraged.[John's/Juan's/Mary's/Maria's] family has noticed that he/she hasn't beenhimself/herself for about the last month and that he/she has pulled awayfrom them. [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] just doesn't feel like talking.

(Schizophrenia)[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is a [white/African American/Hispanic] [man/woman]with an [eighth grade/high school/college] education. Up until a year ago,life was pretty okay for [John/Juan/Mary/Maria]. But then, things startedto change. He/She thought that people around him/her were makingdisapproving comments, and talking behind his/her back.[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] was convinced that people were spying on him/her andthat they could hear what he/she was thinking. [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] losthis/her drive to participate in his/her usual work and family activitiesand retreated to his/her home, eventually spending most of his/her day inhis/her room. [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] was hearing voices even though no oneelse was around. These voices told him/her what do and what to think. He/She has been living this way for six months.

(Drug problem)[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is a [white/African American/Hispanic] [man/woman]with an [eighth grade/high school/college] education. A year ago[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] sniffed cocaine for the first time with friends at aparty. During the last few months he/she has been snorting it in bingesthat last several days at a time. He/She has lost weight and oftenexperiences chills when binging. [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] has spent his/hersavings to buy cocaine. When [John's/Juan's/Mary's/Maria's] friends try totalk about the changes they see, he/she becomes angry and storms out. Friends and family have also noticed missing possessions and suspect[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] has stolen them. He/She has tried to stop snortingcocaine, but can't. Each time he/she tries to stop he/she feels verytired, depressed and unable to sleep. He/She lost his/her job a month ago,after not showing up for work.

(No problem)[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is a [white/African American/Hispanic] [man/woman]with an [eighth grade/high school/college education]. Up until a year ago,life was pretty okay for [John/Juan/Mary/Maria]. While nothing much wasgoing wrong in [John's/Juan's/Mary's/Maria's] life he/she sometimes feelsworried, a little sad, or has trouble sleeping at night.[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] feels that at times things bother him/her more thanthey bother other people and that when things go wrong, he/she sometimesgets nervous or annoyed. Otherwise [John/Juan/Mary/Maria] is getting alongpretty well. He/She enjoys being with other people and although[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] sometimes argues with his/her family,[John/Juan/Mary/Maria] has been getting along pretty well with his/herfamily.

NOTE 18: CODES FOR 1996 TOPICAL MODULE: MENTAL HEALTH

I. Denial11. I would try to forget about it, not think about it

II. Displacement21. Hostility. (Not directed at source of problem) I would getmad, irritable, take it out on someone else (R's response is not coded hereif R's problem would involve another person, and R would get angry at thatperson. In such a case, (63) is coded.)22. Would engage in activity. I would go for a walk; I wouldread a book; I would get busy with something else; I would try to getengrossed in something else to take my mind off it (here is coded anyactivity which R would engage in which does no directly deal with theproblem, but may relieve some of the anxiety about it--unless medications,pills, etc., which are coded (61).)23. Would seek release from awareness. Would get drunk, take adrink, take dope.24. Would seek release from awareness. Would go to sleep(response is not coded here if R says, "I would go to sleep in order to getrefreshed and be able to handle the problem better afterwards.")25. Fantasy Action. R would think about magical type solutionsto problems or would imagine problems don't exist. I would imagine myselfas the president of the company and then nobody could criticize me

III. Passive Reaction31. Nothing. I would do nothing, wouldn't do anything; therewouldn't be much to do about it; there would be nothing to do; I would justlet things take their course; I would just hope for the best; would justgive up

IV. Passive Reaction - Problem still salient41. Worry. I would worry about it, I would fret over it; wouldjust keep on worrying, thinking about it; I would keep on worrying tillthings work out

V. Passive Reaction - Religious51. I would pray. Would turn to prayer; would trust in the lord(going to minister is not coded here; in such case, (82) is coded. If NAwhether (51) or (82) should be coded, as turn to the church, go to thechurch, read the Bible, the scriptures or inspirational literature, (51) iscoded.)

VI. Reactions which are not clearly coping or denial61. Would take medications. Tranquilizers; Aspirins, etc. - anymedication treating physical symptoms and tensions (if prescribed by adoctor, response is coded here and also under (82).) 62. Would pull myself together; exercise self-control (NAwhether this is attempt to deny and forget the problem - coded under (11) -or prelude to attempts to solve the problem - coded in the (70s))63. Expressions of hostility directed at person seen as sourceof problem (if would not be directed at source of problem, (21) iscoded.)64. Palliatives measures which would "cope" with a problemdefined in physical or general terms, but would "deny" and/or "displace"specific "personal problems" - attempts to reduce immediate pressures andtensions. Take a vacation; would take it easier, try to relax a little more(except those responses coded in (61))65. Meditation66. Faith or confidence in self; strength; fortitude67. Social comparison; R better off than other; seeing others thatare worse off than me.68. Emphasis on positive aspects of life; optimism; sense of humor;positive view of life.69. Other reactions which are not clearly coping or denial

VII. Coping Reaction - Independent71. Self-assessment, thought would be mode of problem-solvingattempts. I would try to figure out what is wrong; see what the problem is,who is at fault (if whether (71) or (72), (72) is coded72. Immediate action would be mode of problem-solving. Wouldsolve it; just keep on trying; would do something about it (if NA whether(71) or (72), (72) is coded.)73. Would cope with interpersonal problem by talking it overwith person involved. (if person not involved or if NA whether personinvolved or not, (81) is coded.). Would talk it over with spouse ifmarriage problem (Note. Specific person is not coded in SOURCES OF HELP)74. Permanent situational limitation of sphere of activity wouldbe mode of problem-solving; I'd get another job; I'd move to another city(temporary situational changes such as "I'd take a vacation" should becoded under (64).)75. Permanent interpersonal limitation of sphere of activitywould be mode of problem-solving. would eliminate and/or changerelationships seen as causing problem (change friends; get a divorce)

VIII. Coping Reaction - Outside help sought81. Talking it over with INFORMAL SOURCE(S) -- family, friends,neighbors, etc. (unless coping with interpersonal problems by talking itover with person involved, in which case, code 73. talk it over withsomeone, talk with --------------- about it; also code here generalmentions of person(s). e.g., spending time with, being with family,friends, "my parents," "my wife," etc.; if NA whether 81 or 82, code 81. (specific people or institutions are coded ahead in SOURCES).82. Talk it over with FORMAL SOURCE(S) -- doctor, lawyer, clergyman,psychiatrist, psychologist, counselor, etc.; include "got professionalhelp," etc.; if source of help is both a formal AND informal source code82; if NA whether 81 or 82, code 81.

IX. Missing Data98. DK; it would never happen to me; wouldn't know what to do 99. NA

I. Family is source of help100. Spouse only family member mentioned101. Child(ren) only family member(s) mentioned102. Father only family member mentioned; father-in-law103. Mother only family member mentioned; mother-in-law104. Brother only family member mentioned105. Sister only family member mentioned106. "Family" (particular family member no specified)107. Parents; father and mother108. Any other combination of family members (e.g., wife andchildren; wife and parents; father and aunt); my relatives190. Any other specific family member mentioned, if only onefamily member is mentioned; e.g., aunt, uncle; a relative

II. Non-professional, non-family persons200. Friend(s), neighbor(s), acquaintance(s) is mentioned201. Particular friend, neighbor, acquaintance is mentioned(unless work associate or boss, in which case (202) or (203) is coded). Iwould speak to my friend Mary; there's another person I respect very much -I'd talk to him (if NA whether R has a particular person(s) in mind, (200)is coded.)202. Fellow worker, work associate(s) is mentioned203. Supervisor, boss is mentioned290. Other non-professional, non-family person(s)

I External Situation10. Financial condition. loss of money, not having enough money, tooman debts11. Housing condition. cramped, poor quarters12. R's physical health. physical illness, physical disability,chronic conditions (R's Mental illness is coded in the 30s series)13. Other persons physical health. someone close to R has chronicillness, other illness, physical disabilities causing nervous breakdown(14) is coded if another person's mental health problem. death is coded(15).14. Other person mental health problem. someone close to R has mentaldisturbance (A psychotic episode) [code relationship]15. Death of someone close to R16. Physical separation (not death or illness) from someone close toR. when my husband was away in service; when my children were living infoster home17. R's relocation to a strange place. when we were living in XXXXXfor a while18. work-related tension. overwork overtired from strain of business,business worries, working too hard (if R specifically sees himself as toblame for work failure, (37) is coded)19. Other external situations precipitating nervous breakdown

II Interpersonal situation -- Relationship or other person blamed(Note. if an interpersonal problem precipitating nervous breakdown wasperceived by R to reflect his own inadequacy, codes in the 30s series areused. If not ascertainable whether codes in the 20s or the 30s seriesshould be used, the 20s series is coded.)21. getting along in marriage. quarrel with spouse, etc.22. getting along with children. my children talk back to me, get menervous23. getting Along with family (NA children or spouse). home problems.24. getting along with relatives other than above. arguments within-laws, parent, siblings, etc.25. Getting along with opposite sex (not family members). problemwith fiancé(e), dating26. Getting along with friends same sex as R or NA sex. disagreementwith a friend29. Other interpersonal situations precipitating nervous breakdown

III Self Inadequacies (Fault is seen in R)31. R's sexual problem - (all references to sexual problems, unlessspecified as a problem of the other person or in the relationship re codedhere)32. R's problems related to menopause33. R's interpersonal inadequacy -- related to marriage. I wasn't agood wife34. R's interpersonal inadequacy -- related to children. couldn'thandle the children any more (If depression after childbirth, it is coded36)35. R's interpersonal inadequacy -- related to getting along withpeople other than spouse or children. I'm very nervous whenever I'm withpeople 36. Depression after birth of children37. work-related failures. I felt I had failed at my job (if R doesnot see fault for business, job failures a personal, it is coded 18).38. Inadequacies related to alcohol or drug abuse39. Other personal inadequacies

NOTE. THE FOLLOWING CODES USED BY AVTMH CODERS FOR A DEPRESSION QUESTIONWERE ALSO USED HERE TO CODE THE CAUSES BECAUSE THEY WERE MORE TO THE POINTFOR SOME RESPONDENTS. When codes below were the same as codes above, weused the codes above. Codes below could be recoded to codes above.

HOUSING -- PLACE OF RESIDENCE121. Moved to or lives in poor (worse) house or apartment122. Moved to or lives in poor (worse) neighborhood123. Dislocation or relocation. moved to new (strange) neighborhood,town, or country; changes in residence other than 121 or 122124. Damage to residence (house or apartment); fire, vandalism,weather, etc129. Other specific residence related matters that happened to R (orR's spouse)131. Bad thing concerning residence that happened to R's child(ren),child(ren) in-law132. Bad things concerning residence that happened to R'sparent(s), stepparent(s), parent(s) in-law133. Bad things concerning residence that happened to R's sibling(s),step sibling(s), sibling(s) in-law139. Bad things concerning residence that happened to someone otherthan R (or spouse) and persons codable in 131-133.

WORK-RELATED MATTERS 200. Problems finding a job. couldn't (can't) find work201. Quit job202. Laid off203. fired204. Unemployed or lost job (no specific reference to quitting, beinglaid off or fired)205. Retired from job or major life occupation206. Business problems. poor or declining business207. Business failure210. General statements about negative events at work. "don't like myjob", etc211. Failed to receive promotion, better job, desired job212. Job demotion. demoted or changed to poorer job or employer, lessresponsible job213. Trouble with boss or supervisor214. Trouble with co-workers. (code here any interpersonaldifficulties at work with no specific mention of boss or supervisor)215. Work-related failure. failed at job216. Work-related tension. overwork, time pressures, working too hard,etc217. Poor or deteriorating (Physical) work conditions. health, safety,danger, distance, hours219. Other specific work-related matters that happened to R (orspouse)221. Bad things related to work that happened to R's child(ren),stepchild)ren), child(ren)-in-law222. Bad things related to work that happened to R's parent(s),stepparent(s), parent(s)-in-law223. Bad things related to work that happened to R's sibling(s), stepsibling(s), sibling(s)-in-law229. Bad things related to work that happened to someone other than R(or Spouse) and persons codable in 221-223

DISRUPTION OR TERMINATION OF RELATIONSHIP(NOTE. Disruptions or terminations due to death or illness are codedunder VI and VII)520. Physical separation from spouse. when my husband and I wereapart; when I (he) was away in the service; away from wife; if separationdue to marital discord, code 523; if NA whether 520 or 523, code 523)521. Physical separation from child(ren). child(ren) were living infoster home, R divorced, separated from wife and children; when childrengrew up, married, left home (if separation due to discord or troubles withchild(ren), code 525; if NA whether 521 or 525, code 521)522. Physical separation from someone close to R, other than spouse orchildren; when my mother and I were separated, when my fiancé(e) and I wereapart, etc.523. Marital separation. separation from spouse due to maritaldiscord; legal separation for any reason; husband left me; got a separation524. Divorce. when I was divorced (if NA whether 523 or 524, code 523)525. Separation from child(ren) due to troubles or discord; child(ren)ran away, left home after disagreement, argument, etc.526. Breakup with friend(s) of opposite sex. broken engagement,breakup of someone dated (steadily); girlfriend left me527. Breakup with friend(s) of same sex as R or NA sex529. Disruption or termination of relationship not included above531. Disruption or termination of love relationship of R's child(ren),step-child(ren), child(ren)-in-law532. Disruption or termination of love relationship of R's Parents(s), step-parent(s), parent(s)-in-law533. Disruption or termination of love relationship of R's sibling(s),step-sibling(s), sibling(s)-in-law539. Disruption or termination of love relationship of someone otherthan R (or spouse) and persons codable in 531-533

GAIN OF HOUSEHOLD OR FAMILY MEMBER(S)540. Birth of (unwanted) child(ren); took on responsibility forraising (additional) child541. Parent(s) or parent(s)-in-law moved in with R542. Other relative(s) or family member(s) moved in with R549. Other gain of household or family member559. Gain of household member by someone other than R (or spouse)599. Other interpersonal matters

VI DEATH OF SOME ONE CLOSE600. Death of someone close -- NA who. e.g. a death (see also 15)610. Death of family member -- NA which one611. Widowed. death of spouse612. Death of child(ren), stepchild(ren)613. Death of unborn child. stillbirth, miscarriage (abortion is codedin Section VII, with category depending on specific circumstances)614. Death of Parent(s), stepparent(s), parent(s)-in-law615. Death of Grandparent(s)616. Death of Sibling(s) step-sibling(s)619. Death of Other specific relative(s) or family member(s),including combinations of 611-616620. Death of close friend or neighbor630. Death of pet649. Other death of someone close to R (or R's spouse)659. Death of someone close affecting person other than R (or spouse)

1. R indicates that conditions causing nervous breakdown arepresently salient for him2. R indicates that conditions causing nervous breakdown were onlyin the past and do not presently affect R (not clear how far in past)3. R indicates that conditions causing nervous breakdown were morethan 5 years in the past and do not presently affect R4. R indicates that conditions causing nervous breakdown were lessthan in the past and do not presently affect R (codes 3 and 4 were NOT usedin 1957 & 1976 and could be collapsed into code 2)9. NA whether conditions causing nervous breakdown are of past orpresent concern.BK R says no breakdown

Long-term1. Long-term reaction (severe) -- extensive period mentioned inwhich R elaborates on a severe nervous feeling state. for months, I criedalmost all the time2. Long-term reaction (no very severe) -- extensive periodmentioned in which R elaborates a minor nervous feeling state. In have feltblue every so often during the past ten years.3. Long-term reaction (severity NA) -- extensive period mentioned inwhich R does not give enough elaborations to allow coder to code 1 or 2..I've been overworking for years.

Short-term4. Short-term reaction (severe) -- a short period mentioned in whichR elaborates on a severe nervous feeling state. I was in a state of shockthe week after my parents died.5. Short-term reaction (not very severe) -- A short period mentionedin which R elaborates a minor nervous feeling state. When we had tornadowarnings, I was a little concerned6. Short-term reaction (severity NA). -- a short period mentionedin which R does not give enough elaboration to allow coder to code 4 or 5.when my mother died, I was upset.

1. Psychoses, generally (not distinguished as 2 or 3)2. Violent psychoses3. Nonviolent psychoses4. Neurasthenic neuroses5. Neuroses (other than 4), emotional disturbances6. Nervous breakdowns7. Nerves, nervousness (when not clearly 5 or 6)8. Mental deficiency9. Psychopathic personalities10. Some code of 1-13 is used but part of answer is unclassifiable11. Other non-psychotic disorders12. Non-psychotic mental illness, generally13. Mental illness, generally (not distinguished as psychotic ornon-psychotic)14. Says doesn't know at some point, but answers any way15. Respondents only answer to entire question is don't know, or thequestion is entirely unanswered in all dimensions16. Includes a variety of diagnostic categories17-22 For BRKDAS1-2 ONLY17. It is (may be) a forerunner, beginning of mental illness, otherthan 218. It is (may be) a forerunner, beginning of psychosis, insanity19. It is simply a euphemism for mental illness20. It refers to temporary mental illness21. It refers to the acute stage of mental illness22. It is a vague, ill-defined, unscientific category (includingdon't know because of impression of term)99. No answer or no mention of included diagnoses101. Psychoses not distinguished as 2 or 3.102. Violent psychoses.103. Non-violent psychoses.104. Neurasthenic neuroses (i.e., the most popular conception ofnervous breakdown).105. Neuroses other than 4.106. Acute (momentary nerve storms, tensions, or persistentnervousness107. Psychotropic personalities; social deviants; exaggeratedeccentrics.108. Simple mental deficiency.109. Non-psychotic, but otherwise unclassifiable.110. Can't tell whether psychotic or non-psychotic.111. Other non-psychotic disorders112. Some code of 100-110 is used, but part of answer isunclassifiable. 999. Non enough data to make this judgment

1001. Mentions having been "insane," psychotic personally.1002. Mentions own mental illness in 656C, but can't classify into1001,1003,10041003. Mentions being (having been) neurotic personally1004. Mentions having had a nervous breakdown personally(including all such references in Q6)1005. Mentions own emotional disturbance short of mental illness(DO NOT CODE IF 1001-1004 can be coded). sometimes I feel I may be mentallyill myself; I get so mad I'm afraid I'm going crazy; I almost had a nervousbreakdown myself; etc.

REFERENCE TO FAMILY, FRIENDS1006. Mentions family members, friends having been "insane",psychotic. my sister is just coming out after two years (i.e., any referenceto institutionalization for mental illness is classified here); a friend ofmine is in the state hospital, etc.1007. Mentions family members, friends being (having been)mentally ill in 656C, but can't classify into 1006,1008,1010.1008. Mentions family members, friends being (having been)neurotic.1010. Mentions family members, friends having nervous breakdowns(including any references in Q6.)1011. Mentions emotional disturbances of family members, friendsshort of mental illness.

DENIAL OF CONTACT, FAMILIARITY1101. Denies personal contact with the "insane", psychotic. I'venever seen anyone who was insane, so I don't know; I've never known anyonelike that (in context of psychotic symptoms); etc.1102. Denies personal contact with mentally ill in 656C, but can'tclassify in to 1101, 1103, 1104. I ain't seen anyone who was mentally ill;I've never been around a mentally ill person to any great extent; I'venever seen on (in unclassifiable symptom context); etc1103. Denies personal contact with the neurotic. I've never runinto anyone who was really psychoneurotic; I've never know anyone like that(in the context of neurotic symptoms); etc.1104. Denies personal contact with nervous breakdowns (includingany such denial in Q6). I never say anyone with a nervous breakdown; etc.1105. Denies personal contact with MI, not classifiable above.

GENERAL KNOWLEDGE CODES1106. Denies general familiarity with insanity psychosis (DO NOTCODE IF 1 IS CODED). I don't know much about the subject of insanity; etc.1107. Denies general familiarity with mental illness in 656C, butcan't classify into 7,9,X (1106,1108,1109)1108. Denies general familiarity with neurosis (DO NOT CODE IF 3IS CODED)1109. Denies general familiarity with nervous breakdowns,(including any such denial in 656A)1110. Denies general familiarity with MI, not classifiable above

MISCELLANEOUS VIEWPOINTS1201. References to sympathy, pity for the mentally-ill. I'mheart-sick for them; I feel awfully sorry for them; the first thing I wouldthink of is my sorrow for them; it's a pathetic affliction; etc.1202. References to stigmatizing, avoiding the mentally ill. I'dfeel sorry for one, but I'd rather not be around someone like that (code 1also); etc. 1203. Reference to fear, shock, horror, distress over mentalillness; it's worse than other illnesses; it's worse than physical illness;I hope it never happens to me; etc.1204. Denial of stigmatizing mental illness. its just another typeof sickness with no special stigma attached to it. I am more broad-mindedthan most and don't look at it as a terrible thing; etc.1205. References to concern for; seriousness, importance ofproblem of mental illness; I was going to mention this as most seriousdisease for I fell psychoneurosis is more serious, more of an ignored thingthan anything else; its very serious, of course, and there should be asmuch done as possible to prevent it as well as to help it; I'm awfullyinterested in the subject to see what can be done for people like this;etc.1206. References to relativeness of mental health (other thandefinitions in terms of deviant behavior or references to mental illnessbeing of different degrees). who, after all, is completely sane? Everyonehas some sort of neurotic tendencies; a perfectly normal person is veryrare; we all have quirks and there is no definite line between thosementally ill and not;, etc1207. References to (relative) undetectability of mental illness.this illness is almost unnoticeable; its hard to tell that they arementally sick; there are cases where you are hardly able to detect that hewas mentally ill, most cases you can't tell that a person is insane, apartfrom the criminally insane; until you get to know a person closely any kindof mental illness is hard to detect except by a medical man trained in thatline; you have to know them pretty well to know their ways; you'd neversuspect it until they crack up unless you have studied in this field tomake you recognize such a person; this illness is almost unnoticeable; etc.1208. References to relative incurability of mental illness; itgives me a shock when I hear the term because I found out it is more orless incurable (code 3 also); I don't think they have a cure for mentallysick people; mental illness is harder to treat than anything else it meansa long slow process for recovery; usually it means that there is verylittle hope of recovery; etc.1209. References to mental illness, generally, involving anorganic base; it's an illness of the brain; the part of their brain thathelps them plan ahead has been injured or damaged; mental illness is asickness, a disease, not something that happens from over-exertion like anervous breakdown; etc.1210. References to mental illness, generally, excluding illnesseswith an organic basis; a whole range of symptomatic behavior where there isno identifiable organic cause are included in the term; etc.1211. Use of colloquial terms--"crazy, bonkers, nuts, looney"1212. Indicates knowledge that it is not socially desirable tostigmatize mentally ill (I shouldn't feel this way, but...; thank goodnesspeople are not more accepting of mental illness)1213. References to other people, or most people, stigmatizingmentally ill1214. They need help, they should be helped, etc.

NOTE 19: REASONS THE RESPONDENT WAS ANGRY

Angry at Self:1. Angry at self because of something he/she did2. Angry at self -- other (not an action, but a characteristic, trait, orother negative state)

Angry at Another Person for What They Did to You:3. Person kept you from doing what you wanted to do4. Person inconsiderate, thoughtless; failing to take you into account(mostly minor), taking you for granted5. Person critical, insulting, or disrespectful (must be some direct andovert action)6. Person did something inherently bad to you (what is done is innatelywrong - lied, cheated, etc.)7. Person demanded too much of you8. Person failed to do something they were supposed to do9. Other10. Person's ideas, beliefs, mannerisms, choices, or personaltraits/characteristics, though no overt or specific action towards R, causeanger (this anger must be directed at particular people, not, for example,at a broad ethnic or religious group)

Angry at Another Person for What They Did to Someone/Group youCared about13. Person kept other(s) from doing what they wanted to do14. Person inconsiderate, thoughtless; failing to take other(s) intoaccount (mostly minor), taking others for granted15. Person critical, insulting, or disrespectful (must be some direct andovert action)16. Person did something inherently bad to other(s) (what is done isinnately wrong - lied, cheated, etc.)17. Person demanded too much of other(s)18. Person failed to do something they were supposed to do19. Other20. Person's ideas, beliefs, mannerisms, choices, or personaltraits/characteristics, though no overt or specific action towards anotherperson, cause anger (this anger must be directed at particular people, not,for example, at a broad ethnic or religious group)

Angry at Events, Circumstances (No particular person did something)23. Kept you from doing what you wanted to do, directly (goal thwarted)29. Other (direct affect on R)32. The state of things, in general (perception of a wrong or negativestate in the world; not an event specifically experienced by R)39. Other (indirect affect on R)

Angry at an Association or Large Social Organization for What They Did toYou (distinct individuals not to blame)43. Organization kept you from doing what you wanted to do44. Organization inconsiderate, thoughtless; failing to take you intoaccount (mostly minor), taking you for granted45. Organization critical, insulting, or disrespectful (must be somedirect and overt action)46. Organization did something inherently bad to you (what is done isinnately wrong - lied, cheated, etc.)47. Organization demanded too much of you48. Organization failed to do something they were supposed to do49. Other50. Organization's ideas, beliefs, mannerisms, choices, ortraits/characteristics, though no overt or specific action towards R, causeanger (this anger must be directed at a specifically related organization,not a broad, general grouping such as 'students' or 'Jews')

Angry at an Association or Large Social Organization for What They Did toSomeone/Group you Cared about (distinct individuals not to blame)53. Organization kept other(s) from doing what they wanted to do54. Organization inconsiderate, thoughtless; failing to take other(s) intoaccount (mostly minor), taking others for granted55. Organization critical, insulting, or disrespectful (must be somedirect and overt action)56. Organization did something inherently bad to other(s) (what is done isinnately wrong - lied, cheated, etc.)57. Organization demanded too much of other(s)58. Organization failed to do something they were supposed to do59. Other60. Organization's ideas, beliefs, mannerisms, choices, ortraits/characteristics, though no overt or specific action towards anotherperson, cause anger (this anger must be directed at a specifically relatedorganization, not a broad, general grouping such as 'students' or 'Jews')

Unclassifiable90. Not enough information to code, not clear enough, not related to abovedimensions

Imagine you' ve been experiencing headaches. You visit your doctor and talk to him about your symptoms. You also tell the doctor that you' ve been feeling a lot of stress lately. After doing a complete examination, the doctor decides that the headaches are probably due to stress. The doctor wants to work with you over the next month to reduce your stress.

You want to have an MRI to make sure everything is OK. An MRI is a special and expensive type of x-ray that allows doctors to take detailed pictures of parts of the body such as the heart, spinal cord, or head. Remember that after your complete examination the doctor thinks you don't need the MRI. Then imagine that you have thefollowing conversation with the doctor about the MRI and financial incentives. In this dialogue, the patient speaks first.

VIGNETTE 1 - CODE 1PAT: I'd feel better if I had an MRI. I'm worried that you won't order it because it's too expensive.DOC: Our physician' s group does have financial incentives to keep costs down by avoiding tests when they are not necessary. However, no single decision about an MRI affects my salary. In my opinion an MRI is not needed in your case.

VIGNETTE 2 - CODE 2PAT: I'd feel better if I had an MRI. I'm worried that you won't order it because it's too expensive.DOC: It used to be that physicians were able to provide tests for patients just to set their minds at rest. Unfortunately, your health plan won't allow me to do it for that reason. Even though I' d like to order it for you, your plan is not going to pay for it.

VIGNETTE 3 - CODE 3PAT: I'd feel better if I had an MRI. I'm worried that you won't order it because it's too expensive.DOC: I can understand that you're worried about whether everything is OK. It also sounds like you're worried that I'm not ordering the test because it's too expensive. These days with Managed Care lots of people share your worries about this. I want to set your mind at rest because I truly do not think that the test is needed at this point.

VIGNETTE 4 - CODE 4PAT: I'd feel better if I had an MRI. I'm worried that you won't order it because it's too expensive.DOC: I understand that you'd like an MRI to make sure that everything is OK. But based on your symptoms, I really don't think you need one. I'd like to treat you for a month or so and then talk again about whether we need an MRI. Would that be acceptable to you?

VIGNETTE 5 - CODE 5PAT: I'd feel better if I had an MRI. I'm worried that you won't order it because it's too expensive.DOC: I've had a lot of experience taking care of patients with problems like yours. The problem you're having is really quite common. You should follow the treatment I've outlined, and then I can reevaluate the situation again in a month.

VIGNETTE 6 - CODE 6PAT: I'd feel better if I had an MRI. I'm worried that you won't order it because it's too expensive.DOC: I usually don't order an MRI under circumstances like yours. There's no outside pressure that has made any difference in how I treat patients with headaches. You may set your mind at rest that I'm doing this because this is how I practice medicine.

NOTE 22: MENTAL HEALTH VIGNETTE

Next I'm going to describe a youth -- named (John/Mary). After I read a description of (him/her) I'll ask you some questions about how you think and feel about (him/her).

(John/Mary) is a (white/ black), (male/female), (child who is 8/youth who is 14) years old. (John/Mary) has always had trouble in school, especially in completing assignments on time, even though (he/she) has average intelligence. (John/Mary)'s teachers note that (John/Mary) is very distractible, and that they often have to remind (John/Mary) to get back to the task at hand . (John/Mary) is often up and down, out of (his/her) seat, looking out the window, or talking to classmates. (John/Mary) does similar things at home. (His/Her) parents notice that (he/she) easily forgets what (he/she)'s supposed to be doing, has trouble getting up in the morning and going to bed at night, and loses things like toys and games. (John/Mary) also has difficulty making and keeping friends.

Depression vignetteINTERVIEWER: READ SELECTED VIGNETTE, THEN GIVE CARD FOR VIGNETTE (CHLDVIG) TO R FORREFERENCE.(John/Mary) is a (white/black), (m ale/female) (child who is 8/youth w ho is 14) years old. In the last few months, (John/Mary) has been increasingly moody, staying in (his/her) room after school, and seems to have lost interest in (his/her) favorite hobbies and in friends. (John/Mary) says that (he/she) always feels very tired even though (he/she) is sleeping more than normal, and doesn't feel like eating. (John/Mary) has been having trouble concentrating on what (he/she) is doing both in school and at home, and has told (his/her ) parents that "I wish I hadn't been born. " One of (John/Mary)'s friends has also heard (him/her) talk about committing suicide.

Normal vignetteINTERVIEWER: READ SELECTED VIGNETTE, THEN GIVE CARD FOR VIGNETTE (CHLDVIG) TO R FOR REFERENCE.(John/Mary) is a (white/ black), (male/ female) (child who is 8/ youth who is 14) years old. (John/Mary) has several friends in (his/her) neighborhood that (he/ she) gets together with one or two times per w eek, and is involved in several hobbies, including sports and music. (John/Mary) usually gets along fairly well with other kids, but occasionally has some problems with needing to have (his/her) own way or go first in games. (John/Mary) is of average intelligence and behaves appropriately at school, although (he/ she) tends to be somewhat shy about participating in class. (John/Mary)'s parents note that (he/she) is sometimes moody, but this comes and goes.

Asthma vignetteINTERVIEWER: READ SELECTED VIGNETTE, THEN GIVE CARD FOR VIGNETTE (CHLDVIG) TO R FOR REFERENCE.(John/Mary) is a (white/black), (male/ female) (child who is 8/youth who is 14) years old. (John/Mary) has a history of breathing problems. (John/Mary) often has bouts of coughing at night, and doesn't sleep very well. (His/ Her) parents and teachers have noticed that these problems seem to be particularly bad during challenging situations, in the spring and fall, and during strenuous sports activities. (John/ Mary) used to enjoy playing soccer but recently gave it up because of these problems. (John/Mary) feels badly about (his/her) breathing problems, which seem to be getting worse, and wishes (he/she) could "be just like other kids." (John/ Mary) is involved in several hobbies, including sports and music, and shares these activities with several friends.

Mentions of the consequences of the religious/spiritual change, what was different about the person's life, attitude, beliefs, etc.

1 More religious, greater faith, closer to Christ, more committed to God 2 Religious view changed (not specified) 3 Belief in miracles 4 Thanked God for life, grateful to God6 God will take care of R, solve problems, look out for R, will depend on God, God there for R 8 Changed churches/religions, converted 9 Prayed more 10 Bring God to others, being evangelical 11 Released from sin 12 Live life following God's rule, Christian way, walk with the Lord, follow Christ's teachings 13 Baptized 14 Church seen as family 15 Became more aware of power of prayer 18 More spiritual, not more religious 19 Loss of religion, loss of faith 20 Realized limited time, life is short, live every day as last 21 Live life to the fullest, get most out of life 22 Peace (internal) 23 Calmer 24 Better, nicer, kinder, more humble person 25 Helped others, gave to others, selflessness, compassion, empathized 26 Spend more time with people, cared more for others, more caring 27 Got married 28 Closer to spouse 29 Closer to children, dedicated to children, better parent 30 Closer to family (spouse/children not specified) 31 Volunteered more 32 Raised children in faith, religion 33 Specific positive changes 34 Happier, more satisfied with life, feel better 35 Stronger 40 Changed directions, redirected life (not specified) 41 Think about, look at life differently (not specified) 45 Didn't take things for granted, appreciate things more, saw life as more valuable, saw every day as important 46 Re-evaluated what R believed 49 Gave up drinking, drugs 50 A voided nightclubs, bars, wild parties, dancing 51 Better lifestyle, cleaner life (not specific) 52 Settled down, slowed down, more careful 53 More mature 54 Second chance, new chance, chance to start over 55 Gained hope 56 Beloved, gained love 57 Found unconditional, unlimited love 58 Found value of forgiving 59 Think about R's actions, behaviors, sins 60 Life better, better off, enriched life 61 Felt needed 62 More self-confident, felt better about self, more aware of self 63 More aware of self beliefs 70 Life has purpose, meaning, makes sense, existential meaning gained, aware of ultimate truths/reality 71 More alive, aware, engaged; not bored, in rut, passive 72 Treat all the same, treated all mankind equally 73 Be more careful 74 Felt refreshed, renewed 75 More open to new things and new ideas 76 To think more 77 Knew there was a heaven, eternity 78 Made R aware of what R should be doing or should be like80 Negative changes 82 More in touch with mortality and those who have died83 Upset with judgmental attitudes 84 More conscious of church, religion; more aware of God85 More responsible, accepts responsibility 87 Feeling changed 88 Realized that no matter how bad things are, someone else has it worse 89 Moved away from church, religion 90 Everything changed, complete change, dramatic change, new person 92 Realized there was real adversary (like Devil, evil)94 Some change, unclear if positive/negative, NOT as major as code 95 No change, little change, temporary change, see codes 90, 94 96 Nothing relevant mentioned 98 Can't remember