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This orthorectified wide-swath ASAR image shows the city of Istanbul, Turkey, straddling the Bosphorus. The world’s narrowest strait used for international navigation, it connects the Black Sea (top right) with the Sea of Marmara (top center).

Istanbul is the largest city of Turkey. The Istanbul metropolitan province (municipality) had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey’s population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe (including the Asian side of the city), after London and Moscow. The city is located in northwestern Turkey within the Marmara Region on a total area of 5,343 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi).

Turkey is divided into seven census regions: Marmara, Aegean, Black Sea, Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia, Southeastern Anatolia and the Mediterranean. The uneven north Anatolian terrain running along the Black Sea resembles a long, narrow belt. This region comprises approximately one-sixth of Turkey’s total land area. As a general trend, the inland Anatolian plateau becomes increasingly rugged as it progresses eastward. Turkey’s varied landscapes are the product of complex earth movements that have shaped the region over thousands of years and still manifest themselves in fairly frequent earthquakes and occasional volcanic eruptions. The Bosphorus and the Dardanelles owe their existence to the fault lines running through Turkey that led to the creation of the Black Sea.

Visible in the center of this image is the Bosphorus, a strait in Turkey that forms part of the boundary between Europe and Asia. The world’s narrowest strait used for international navigation, it connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara (which is connected by the Dardanelles to the Aegean Sea, and thereby to the Mediterranean Sea).

In the full image, the city of Istanbul can be observed on either side of the strait, despite the light cloud cover. Since it extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents.

Various straits and seas can be observed in this image of Turkey. In the upper left corner is the Black Sea, connected to the Sea of Marmara (center) by the Bosphorus Strait. Visible on either side of the Bosphorus is the city of Istanbul.

To the west, the Sea of Marmara is connected to the Aegean Sea by the Dardanelles. The strait is 61 kilometres (38 mi) long but only 1.2 to 6 kilometres (0.75 to 4 mi) wide, averaging 55 metres (180 ft) deep with a maximum depth of 82 metres (300 ft). Water flows in both directions along the strait, from the Sea of Marmara to the Aegean via a surface current and in the opposite direction via an undercurrent.

The whitish surface of the city of Istanbul, Turkey, is divided in two by the Bosphorus Strait. Upon opening the full version of this orthorectified image, ships can be seen north of the strait, in the Black Sea, and to the south, in the Sea of Marmara. Another body of water, Lake Iznik, is visible in the lower right quadrant.

The uneven north Anatolian terrain running along the Black Sea resembles a long, narrow belt. This region comprises approximately one-sixth of Turkey’s total land area. As a general trend, the inland Anatolian plateau becomes increasingly rugged as it progresses eastward.

Turkey’s varied landscapes are the product of complex earth movements that have shaped the region over thousands of years and still manifest themselves in fairly frequent earthquakes and occasional volcanic eruptions. The Bosporus and the Dardanelles owe their existence to the fault lines running through Turkey that led to the creation of the Black Sea. There is an earthquake fault line across the north of the country from west to east, which caused a major earthquake in 1999.

The city of Istanbul, Turkey, lines the Bosphorus Strait and the northern shores of the Sea of Marmara. Many ships can be seen moving through the strait and in the sea.

One large group is clustered off the coast of Istanbul west of the southern entrance to the strait, and another is further to the east near Tuzla, a headland on the coast at the eastern limit of Istanbul.

Also visible in the Sea of Marmara are the nine Princes’ Islands, located between the Bosphorus and Tuzla. Inland, the reservoir created by the Omerli Dam is visible east of the strait, and the large Lake Iznik touches the bottom edge of the orthorectified image. In between Lake Iznik and the Sea of Marmara above is the western part of the Koroglu Mountains.