Tag Archives: Admissibility

By Jennifer Marino Thibodaux on October 20, 2014 Posted in Technology Developments & IssuesThe Second Circuit Court of Appeals has reversed a conviction for unlawful transfer of a false identification document (a forged birth certificate) because the district court abused its discretion and committed error in admitting a Russian social media page -- akin to Facebook -- that the government failed to authenticate as required by Federal Rule of Evidence … Continue Reading

By Gibbons P.C. on September 10, 2013 Posted in Legal Decisions & Court RulesLitigants frustrated by endless discovery and skyrocketing costs may find solace in knowing that change may be on the way. Proposed amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, as well as recent case law, signal efforts to narrow the scope of permissible discovery and increase judicial management of issues that arise. The proposed amendments -- guided by the overarching goal of the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action embodied in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 1-- are aimed at reeling in so-called "fishing expeditions" in which litigants attempt to use discovery to uncover additional causes of action not previously known, or, more nefariously, foist undue cost and burden on their adversary in the hopes of gaining a strategic advantage… Continue Reading

By Michael C. Landis on August 23, 2013 Posted in Legal Decisions & Court Rules"Advances in technology offer great benefits to society in many areas. At the same time, they can pose significant risks to individual privacy rights." So begins the recently-issued unanimous decision of the New Jersey Supreme Court in State v. Earls, in which the Court found that "cell-phone users have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their cell-phone location information" and, therefore, under the New Jersey Constitution, "police must obtain a search warrant before accessing that information." Coming at a time when the public's attention is particularly focused on the tension between technology and privacy, this opinion represents a groundbreaking new rule of law on the constitutional limits of new methods of tracking and surveillance. (See also the U.S. Supreme Court's 2011 decision in United States v. Jones and the New York Court of Appeals' recent opinion in Cunningham v. New York State Department of Labor.) With this unprecedented decision, the New Jersey Supreme Court becomes the first state supreme court to find a constitutionally-protected privacy right in the location of a personal cell phone… Continue Reading

By Christian A. Stueben on August 19, 2013 Posted in Legal Decisions & Court RulesA recent New Jersey Appellate Division decision in Fitzgerald v. Duff provides a potent reminder that if you are involved in litigation, anything you do or say online might be used against you in court. The Fitzgerald proceedings concerned a father's attempt to modify a previously-entered child support order by submitting his 2011 income tax return, which reported a taxable income of $21,000 from a cash tattoo business. In opposition, the child's legal custodian filed a certification opposing modification of the support order, suggesting that much of the defendant's income was unreported, and that a much higher child support obligation was warranted. To support that position, the custodian submitted copies of defendant's web site, Facebook photographs, and various social media comments evincing his success. The website identified multiple locations at which the tattoo parlor operated and plans for its imminent expansion, featured three staff tattoo artists, and advertised that defendant provided tattoo services for professional football players. The Facebook photographs depicted defendant throwing $100 bills, his speed boat, a 2011 Chevrolet Camaro (plaintiff also maintained defendant owned a Lincoln Navigator), his elaborate tropical wedding, and accompanying diamond engagement and wedding bands. Finally, comments from the father's Myspace page included statements that in four hours he earns $250, his schedule had "been packed so [he could] pay for this wedding," and that he purchased television advertising spots… Continue Reading

By Michael C. Landis on July 17, 2013 Posted in Legal Decisions & Court RulesIn its recent 4-3 decision in Cunningham v. New York State Department of Labor, the New York Court of Appeals added to the growing body of case law addressing the constitutional implications of global positioning system (GPS) technology. In Cunningham, the Court found that the Department of Labor's attaching of a GPS device to an employee's personal car that was used for work purposes fell within the "workplace exception" to the warrant requirement, however, the search as conducted was unreasonable because the car's location was tracked in the evenings, on weekends, and while the employee was on vacation. Interestingly, the Court suppressed all of the evidence collected by the GPS device, not just the data collected during non-work hours, citing the "extraordinary capacity" of GPS devices to permit "constant, relentless tracking of anything."… Continue Reading

By Kevin G. Walsh on February 21, 2013 Posted in Corporate Information & Records Management PoliciesIn U.S. v. Hamilton, the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit found that a husband who sent messages from his work email account to his wife, yet took no steps to protect the sanctity of those emails, waived the marital communications privilege, thus subjecting the emails to disclosure during discovery. This case serves as an important reminder that employees do not necessarily enjoy an expectation of privacy in the emails they send from their work accounts or while using their employers' computers… Continue Reading

By Stephen J. Finley, Jr. on March 28, 2011 Posted in Litigation Preparedness & StrategiesA defendant in an employment action discovers through Facebook that a plaintiff has lied about her discrimination claim. The information essentially undermines plaintiff's entire claim. However, such information does not make it to a factfinder at trial unless the evidentiary foundations can be established -- proof of authorship and timeliness. These evidentiary foundations are not easy to establish in the ever-changing medium of social media. The anonymity offered by some social networking sites may be what makes them attractive to users, but it also makes establishing authorship of content difficult. Similarly, social media sites are constantly changing, as users can add, remove or edit content at any time. As a result, recreating a post or a profile from a particular moment in time can be difficult, if not impossible, depending on how a partciluar site functions… Continue Reading

By Suzanne Herrmann Brock on February 14, 2011 Posted in Legal Decisions & Court RulesObtaining data and images from social networking sites ("SNS") such as Facebook, LinkedIn and MySpace has become commonplace in civil and criminal litigation. However, issues surrounding proper authentication of this information at trial remain unresolved. The New York Supreme Court's recent opinion in People v. Karon Lenihan, 1714/2008 (Sup. Ct., Queens Cty. Nov. 12, 2010)highlights judicial skepticism surrounding the use of SNS evidence… Continue Reading

By Gibbons P.C. on November 15, 2010 Posted in Legal Decisions & Court RulesOn September 27,2010, in State ex. Rel. J.B., the Appellate Division of the Superior Court of New Jersey allowed the State to use two satellite photographic images obtained from Google Earth as illustrative aids. The case involved the lower court's determination that a minor was a delinquent. Attempting to discredit the juvenile's alibi that he was home at the time of an alleged burglary, the State offered into evidence the juvenile's cell phone records and the testimony of a Verizon representative, who explained that cell phone calls are transmitted through the tower nearest the caller. The prosecution then offered photographs obtained from Google Earth to aid in showing that calls made from the juvenile's cell phone during the burglary were transmitted through the cell phone tower that was closest to the burglary site (and not the tower closest to the juvenile's home). Both towers, as well as the site of the burglary and the juvenile's home, were pinpointed via Google Earth. Defense counsel objected, arguing that the prosecution failed to establish a "'foundation in terms of how accurate [Google Earth] is.'"… Continue Reading

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