Did you know the smooth running of almost every piece of technology you use - is down to something called a rare-earth metal? The Insight team ask why a monopolised market is causing global concern.
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7fWeaHhqgM4Ry-RMpM2YYw?sub_confirmation=1
Livestream: http://www.youtube.com/c/trtworld/live
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TRTWorld
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TRTWorld
Visit our website: http://www.trtworld.com/

published:12 Oct 2016

views:4196

Rare earth elements are crucial to the technology around us - they're in phones, computers, tvs, and hybrid cars. Why are they so important? Any why are they so difficult to mine? Anthony takes a look.
Read More:
"Japan finds rich rare earth deposits on seabed"
http://uk.news.yahoo.com/japan-finds-rich-rare-earth-deposits-seabed-114659686.html#SvZ1Dq2
"Japanese researchers said Thursday they have found a rich deposit of rare earths on the Pacific seabed, with reports suggesting it could be up to 30 times more concentrated than Chinese reserves."
"4 Rare Earth Elements That Will Only Get More Important"
http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/news/important-rare-earth-elements#slide-1
"Lithium is lionized. Silicon has a whole valley named after it. But what about the silent heroes of modern technology?"
"What are 'rare earths' used for?"
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-17357863
""Rare earths" are a group of 17 chemically similar elements crucial to the manufacture of many hi-tech products."
DNews is a show about the science of everyday life. We post two new videos every day of the week.
Watch More
http://www.youtube.com/dnewschannel
Subscribe
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzWQYUVCpZqtN93H8RR44Qw?sub_confirmation=1
DNews Twitter
https://twitter.com/dnews
Anthony Carboni Twitter:
https://twitter.com/acarboni
Laci Green Twitter
https://twitter.com/gogreen18
Trace Dominguez Twitter
https://twitter.com/trace501
DNews Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/DNews
DNews Google+
https://plus.google.com/u/0/106194964544004197170/posts
DNews Website
http://discoverynews.com/

published:26 Mar 2013

views:74913

Thanks for the thulium: http://onyxmet.com/
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
Do not repeat the experiments shown in this video!
So, today I will tell you about the rarest among the so-called rare earth metals - thulium, however absurd it may sound, the rarest among the rare.
And yes, with the city of Tula this metal is not connected in any way, unless the Tula gingerbread actually contains lanthanides. Nonetheless, in the periodic table the metal thulium is indeed featured in the row of those lanthanides, under the number 69. Thulium is very difficult to obtain, as only one part of this metal can be found in 100 trillion pieces of the earth's crust. Even the famous scientist Charles James needed to go through about 15,000 purification steps in order to get a more or less pure thulium bromate from an ore, the role of which can be taken by gadolinite or, for example, monazite. Many of you may have noticed that in almost all of the videos about lanthanides I mention all the same minerals and it's not just a coincidence.
The fact is that often in such minerals one can find a whole gallery of lanthanide compounds that often accompany each other in natural sources and show the same chemical properties due to the similar structure of the electron shell. So it is not that easy to separate them from each other. By the way, approximately 80% of all the lanthanide deposits are located in China, as is the production of compounds from these elements. But let's return to thulium. From the outside this element looks like a shiny metal, resistant to oxidation in air. This piece of Thulium was made back in the year 1990, and since that time it almost did not oxidize. Because of its rarity, thulium now has a fairly high price, for 10 grams you may pay above $100. What’s also of interest is the structure of this Thulium sample, consisting of the so-called metal dendrites obtained by sublimation of a metal in a vacuum. According to its chemical properties, thulium hardly differs from other lanthanides, although in comparison with, say, neodymium, thulium is less active. This element also dissolves well in hydrochloric acid where it forms thulium chloride - a substance with a slightly greenish tinge. The same unusual green color can be seen in the sparks of burning thulium in air, which is quite unusual, since the sparks of other lanthanides are usually white. When the metal thulium burns in air, an oxide of this metal is formed. Nowadays, thulium compounds are added to phosphors, which allow them to glow in the ultraviolet in blue color, this property is used for the protection of euro banknotes from counterfeiters. Thulium compounds are added to the ink for the notes which under the ultraviolet light makes those particles glow in blue. The common properties of thulium with the other lanthanide metals can be seen from the behavior of thulium chloride in the presence of vanadates or tungstates, when the solutions of these substances come into contact, the insoluble precipitates of thulium compounds form. On the application, the non-radioactive isotope of thulium 169 finds its place in the manufacture of lasers used in surgery. For example, a solid-state laser using aluminum-yttrium garnet with thulium impurities is used to treat prostatitis and remove tumors. Though a more interesting application finds the radioactive isotope thulium 170, that emits a soft gamma, it is used in the production of compact sources of X-ray radiation which are used for obtaining dental images, and in searching for microcracks in mechanical and electronic devices. The miniature thulium devices are suitable for X-ray diagnostics in the tissues and organs that are difficult, and sometimes impossible to scan, with the conventional X-ray machines. With the help of thulium 170 absolutely inconspicuous letters and symbolic signs were found on the bronze lining of the Assyrian helmet of the 9th century BC.
The helmet was wrapped in film and was shined through from within with soft gamma rays of thulium. On the developed film what appeared was the worn-out signs ... The only drawback of such devices is that the isotope thulium 170 is quite expensive, and has a half-life of about 170 days, meaning devices using this isotope are short-lived.
Due to its rarity and high price, thulium is currently not so widespread in application as the other lanthanides, but in the end it can be said that this metal is quite unique, the rarest among the rare.

published:07 Jan 2018

views:53137

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill for new deposits and find more environmentally friendly ways of processing the materials. A fascinating glimpse at cutting-edge research that could make our green technologies of the future even greener.
FirstBroadcast in 2013. Content Provided By Java Films. Any queries, contact us at hello@littledotstudios.com
Subscribe to Spark for more amazing science, tech and engineering videos - https://goo.gl/LIrlur

published:23 Jun 2017

views:19095

published:26 Jul 2017

views:6925

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think this [mining] company is supplying the U.S. value chain, [and] is supplying the military. It is in-fact, the opposite. They are part of the Chinese monopoly. They're taking powder and shipping it to China, and it comes back as a magnet, or an alloy, or a bolt-on component." - Jim Kennedy
To address this issue, contact your legislators to support H.R.4883 https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
Why can't Molycorp, Lynas or any other 'western' rare earth company succeed?
China's production and market advantage in Rare Earth Elements (REE) is largely the result of NRC and IAEA "SourceMaterial" regulations with unintended consequences.
Source Material: Materials containing any ratio or combination of Thorium and Uranium above .05%. Producing or holding these materials within the regulatory threshold (.05%) requires extensive and wide-ranging licensing, storage, transportation, remediation disposal and compliance costs, including prohibitive liability and bonding issues. Consequently any potential supplier of byproduct / co-product rare earth resources that would be designated as "source material' disposes of these valuable resources to avoid liability and compliance issues.
NRC / IAEA regulations regarding "Source Material" played a key roll in undermining the economic viability of all 'western' rare earth producers and are a critical factor in China's current 'market advantage'. Producers like Molycorp and Lynas, with low Thorium deposits, can never compete with China.
Resources are abundant and available: U.S mining companies currently mine as much as 50% of global Rare Earth Elements demand every year. But these resources are diverted in tailings lakes or are redistributed back into the host ore body, due to NRC and IAEA regulations defining Monazite and other Thorium bearing rare earth resources as "Source Material".
H.R. 4883 would solve the "Thorium Problem" by creating a federally chartered multinational Thorium Energy and Industrial Products Corporation ("Thorium Bank"). Privately funded and operated, this would decouple thorium from rare earth production. The Thorium Corporation would also have Congressional Authority to develop Thorium energy systems and industrial products. Environmental regulations are not scaled back... rather this enables thorium to be stored safely & securely, rather then being treated as "waste".
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
H.R. 4883 thus also addresses the U.S. Weapons Systems current 100% Dependency on China for Rare Earths.
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/downloads/TEAC6/USWeaponsChinese.pdfFederal Legislation governing Strategic Materials, 10 USC 2533b, does not specify rare earths, but includes metal alloys containing limited amounts of manganese, silicon, copper, or aluminum, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, nickel and iron-nickel, cobalt, Titanium and Zirconium alloys. Federal Regulations require that these materials be melted in the U.S. Most of these materials are utilized in rare earth alloys, magnets and components in the defense industry.
The bill does NOT reclassify thorium. It does NOT alter current environmental protection. It simply resolves "The Thorium Problem" which cripples United States domestic rare earth mining, processing and value-adding processes.
Source Footage:
Jim Kennedy @ IAEA: http://youtu.be/fLR39sT_bTs
Jim Kennedy interview @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/Dih30mUexrA
Jim Kennedy Talk @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/CARlEac1iuA
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/z7qfOnMzP9Y
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC4: http://youtu.be/J16IpITWBQ8
John Kutsch @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/MgRn4g7a068

published:28 Jul 2014

views:39796

Chemical Elements: http://www.ebay.com
/usr/novaelementscom?_trksid=p2047675.l2559
NOVAELEMENTS: https://www.novaelements.com/
Mel Science chemical sets: https://goo.gl/SxwFlQ
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Interesting page about chemical experiments: http://m.chemicum.com/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
So today I will tell you about the most rare metal on Earth - iridium.
Iridium is a transitional metal, which is located in the middle of the periodic table, below rhodium. If we take a look at the prevalence of all elements in the earth's crust, Iridium holds the last place, that is a billion atoms of all that there is and only one atom of iridium. This metal is 40 times rarer than gold.
In much higher concentrations iridium is found in meteorites and also in the depths of the Earth, in magma. Interestingly enough, in the layers of rock sediments, though more precisely in the formation of clay, that is aged about 66 million years there were found high concentrations of iridium and this can indicate the collision of Earth with a huge meteorite in the past, which in theory was the cause of the death of the dinosaurs. In it’s appearance iridium is a shiny metal that does not oxidize in air.
This metal has almost the highest density of all metals, just 0.12% lower than that of osmium - the most dense metal.
In this tiny tiny metal droplet, which is of the size of a match head, we have 1 gram of iridium. To help you understand how high is the density of iridium, I will show other metals with the same mass for comparison.
Lead, copper, gallium, zinc, magnesium, and the lightest metal - lithium.
The volumes of the first and last metal differ by about 30 times, although their mass is the same. Iridium is also a very hard metal that is firmer than the solid steel in 1.5 (one and a half) times. Iridium, in addition to its rarity is even the most stable metal that does not oxidize in air up to 2000 degrees, and is not soluble in either acid or aqua regia. Iridium can only react with the fluorine at temperatures of about 600 degrees.
Unfortunately, due to the low activity of iridium, I cannot conduct any chemical experiments or have quality reactions with it.
The only thing that I can do is make a fine powder of iridium and set it on fire in the air, but as you can see, in this case iridium dust is burning quite slowly and also requires dispersing it in the air. For the first time on youtube, you can observe a burning iridium. Also, due to the low activity of iridium, the metal does not tarnish in air, even when heated to above 1,000 degrees. The only thing that the drop of iridium got covered with is a partially evaporated ceramic layer, the one that the forceps are made from. Iridium compounds are can be either brown or yellow, such as the complex of Vasca, which is used as a catalyst in organic chemistry.
By the way, Iridium is the only element that can give away 9 electrons and form compounds with +9 (plus nine) oxidation state.
Iridium now finds many uses in science and technology.
In most cases, we will probably find iridium in spark plugs for vehicles, due to the high stability of iridium to oxidation under the influence of electric discharge.
Pure iridium is used for making crucibles for growing single crystals, foil for making non-amalgam cathodes, as well as as a part of the highly resistant to corrosion alloys.
The first standard of mass of one kilogram was created in 1889 using an alloy composition of 90% platinum and 10% iridium and is called the International Prototype Kilogram, it is still kept in the ParisChamber of Weights and Measures.
Now you know more about one more of the elements, if you would like the scientific series of the elements to continue, please subscribe to my channel and also throw in some likes if you can! Thank you for watching.

published:10 Dec 2016

views:2707902

You'll find them everywhere -- from mobile phones to LED lights and powering wind turbines -- they are the rare earth elements.VIDEOGRAPHIC

published:26 Dec 2012

views:2401

Turns out there are some pretty rare elements in your smartphone. How rare are they and what are they doing in your phone?
Why Does Your PhoneBatterySuck? - https://youtu.be/TkEMPh0cXUw
Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI
Get 15% off http://www.domain.com domain names and web hosting when you use coupon code DNEWS at checkout!
Read More:
The All-American iPhone
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601491/the-all-american-iphone/?utm_campaign=add_this&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=post
"According to King at the Ames Lab, an iPhone has about 75 elements in it-two-thirds of the periodic table. Even just the outside of an iPhone relies heavily on materials that aren't commercially available in the U.S.Aluminum comes from bauxite, and there are no major bauxite mines in the U.S. (Recycled aluminum would have to be the domestic source.)"
For metals of the smartphone age, no Plan B
http://news.yale.edu/2013/12/02/metals-smartphone-age-no-plan-b
"Many of the metals needed to feed the surging global demand for high-tech products, from smart phones to solar panels, cannot be replaced, leaving some markets vulnerable if resources become scarce, according to a new Yale study."
Where to FindRare Earth Elements
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/physics/rare-earth-elements-in-cell-phones/
"Every time I see a commercial for a new cell phone, I feel a bit nauseous. I love a new cell phone just like the next person, but because of my training as a materials scientist, I feel like a worker in a sausage factory. Cell phones, like sausages, may be great, but you don't really want to know what it takes to make them."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos daily.
Watch More DNews on Seeker http://www.seeker.com/show/dnews/
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker
Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez
DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
DNews on Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/+dnews
Seeker http://www.seeker.com/
Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here: http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI
Written By: William Poor

Rare earth element

A rare earth element (REE) or rare earth metal (REM), as defined by IUPAC, is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium. Scandium and yttrium are considered rare earth elements because they tend to occur in the same ore deposits as the lanthanides and exhibit similar chemical properties.

Despite their name, rare earth elements are – with the exception of the radioactive promethium – relatively plentiful in Earth's crust, with cerium being the 25th most abundant element at 68 parts per million, or as abundant as copper. They are not especially rare, but they tend to occur together in nature and are difficult to separate from one another. (The word "rare" is an archaic word for "difficult".) However, because of their geochemical properties, rare earth elements are typically dispersed and not often found concentrated as rare earth minerals in economically exploitable ore deposits. It was the very scarcity of these minerals (previously called "earths") that led to the term "rare earth". The first such mineral discovered was gadolinite, a mineral composed of cerium, yttrium, iron, silicon and other elements. This mineral was extracted from a mine in the village of Ytterby in Sweden; four of the rare earth elements bear names derived from this single location.

Structurally, they have in common an outer s- electron shell which is full;. that is, this orbital contains its full complement of two electrons, which these elements readily lose to form cations with charge +2, and an oxidation state (oxidation number) of +2.

All the discovered alkaline earth metals occur in nature. Experiments have been conducted to attempt the synthesis of element 120, the next potential member of the group, but they have all met with failure.

Characteristics

Chemical

As with other groups, the members of this family show patterns in their electronic configuration, especially the outermost shells, resulting in trends in chemical behavior:

Insight: Rare–earth metals

Did you know the smooth running of almost every piece of technology you use - is down to something called a rare-earth metal? The Insight team ask why a monopolised market is causing global concern.
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7fWeaHhqgM4Ry-RMpM2YYw?sub_confirmation=1
Livestream: http://www.youtube.com/c/trtworld/live
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TRTWorld
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TRTWorld
Visit our website: http://www.trtworld.com/

3:18

Why We Need Rare Earth Elements

Why We Need Rare Earth Elements

Why We Need Rare Earth Elements

Rare earth elements are crucial to the technology around us - they're in phones, computers, tvs, and hybrid cars. Why are they so important? Any why are they so difficult to mine? Anthony takes a look.
Read More:
"Japan finds rich rare earth deposits on seabed"
http://uk.news.yahoo.com/japan-finds-rich-rare-earth-deposits-seabed-114659686.html#SvZ1Dq2
"Japanese researchers said Thursday they have found a rich deposit of rare earths on the Pacific seabed, with reports suggesting it could be up to 30 times more concentrated than Chinese reserves."
"4 Rare Earth Elements That Will Only Get More Important"
http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/news/important-rare-earth-elements#slide-1
"Lithium is lionized. Silicon has a whole valley named after it. But what about the silent heroes of modern technology?"
"What are 'rare earths' used for?"
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-17357863
""Rare earths" are a group of 17 chemically similar elements crucial to the manufacture of many hi-tech products."
DNews is a show about the science of everyday life. We post two new videos every day of the week.
Watch More
http://www.youtube.com/dnewschannel
Subscribe
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzWQYUVCpZqtN93H8RR44Qw?sub_confirmation=1
DNews Twitter
https://twitter.com/dnews
Anthony Carboni Twitter:
https://twitter.com/acarboni
Laci Green Twitter
https://twitter.com/gogreen18
Trace Dominguez Twitter
https://twitter.com/trace501
DNews Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/DNews
DNews Google+
https://plus.google.com/u/0/106194964544004197170/posts
DNews Website
http://discoverynews.com/

5:13

Thulium - The RAREST AMONG THE RARE Earth Metals!

Thulium - The RAREST AMONG THE RARE Earth Metals!

Thulium - The RAREST AMONG THE RARE Earth Metals!

Thanks for the thulium: http://onyxmet.com/
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
Do not repeat the experiments shown in this video!
So, today I will tell you about the rarest among the so-called rare earth metals - thulium, however absurd it may sound, the rarest among the rare.
And yes, with the city of Tula this metal is not connected in any way, unless the Tula gingerbread actually contains lanthanides. Nonetheless, in the periodic table the metal thulium is indeed featured in the row of those lanthanides, under the number 69. Thulium is very difficult to obtain, as only one part of this metal can be found in 100 trillion pieces of the earth's crust. Even the famous scientist Charles James needed to go through about 15,000 purification steps in order to get a more or less pure thulium bromate from an ore, the role of which can be taken by gadolinite or, for example, monazite. Many of you may have noticed that in almost all of the videos about lanthanides I mention all the same minerals and it's not just a coincidence.
The fact is that often in such minerals one can find a whole gallery of lanthanide compounds that often accompany each other in natural sources and show the same chemical properties due to the similar structure of the electron shell. So it is not that easy to separate them from each other. By the way, approximately 80% of all the lanthanide deposits are located in China, as is the production of compounds from these elements. But let's return to thulium. From the outside this element looks like a shiny metal, resistant to oxidation in air. This piece of Thulium was made back in the year 1990, and since that time it almost did not oxidize. Because of its rarity, thulium now has a fairly high price, for 10 grams you may pay above $100. What’s also of interest is the structure of this Thulium sample, consisting of the so-called metal dendrites obtained by sublimation of a metal in a vacuum. According to its chemical properties, thulium hardly differs from other lanthanides, although in comparison with, say, neodymium, thulium is less active. This element also dissolves well in hydrochloric acid where it forms thulium chloride - a substance with a slightly greenish tinge. The same unusual green color can be seen in the sparks of burning thulium in air, which is quite unusual, since the sparks of other lanthanides are usually white. When the metal thulium burns in air, an oxide of this metal is formed. Nowadays, thulium compounds are added to phosphors, which allow them to glow in the ultraviolet in blue color, this property is used for the protection of euro banknotes from counterfeiters. Thulium compounds are added to the ink for the notes which under the ultraviolet light makes those particles glow in blue. The common properties of thulium with the other lanthanide metals can be seen from the behavior of thulium chloride in the presence of vanadates or tungstates, when the solutions of these substances come into contact, the insoluble precipitates of thulium compounds form. On the application, the non-radioactive isotope of thulium 169 finds its place in the manufacture of lasers used in surgery. For example, a solid-state laser using aluminum-yttrium garnet with thulium impurities is used to treat prostatitis and remove tumors. Though a more interesting application finds the radioactive isotope thulium 170, that emits a soft gamma, it is used in the production of compact sources of X-ray radiation which are used for obtaining dental images, and in searching for microcracks in mechanical and electronic devices. The miniature thulium devices are suitable for X-ray diagnostics in the tissues and organs that are difficult, and sometimes impossible to scan, with the conventional X-ray machines. With the help of thulium 170 absolutely inconspicuous letters and symbolic signs were found on the bronze lining of the Assyrian helmet of the 9th century BC.
The helmet was wrapped in film and was shined through from within with soft gamma rays of thulium. On the developed film what appeared was the worn-out signs ... The only drawback of such devices is that the isotope thulium 170 is quite expensive, and has a half-life of about 170 days, meaning devices using this isotope are short-lived.
Due to its rarity and high price, thulium is currently not so widespread in application as the other lanthanides, but in the end it can be said that this metal is quite unique, the rarest among the rare.

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill for new deposits and find more environmentally friendly ways of processing the materials. A fascinating glimpse at cutting-edge research that could make our green technologies of the future even greener.
FirstBroadcast in 2013. Content Provided By Java Films. Any queries, contact us at hello@littledotstudios.com
Subscribe to Spark for more amazing science, tech and engineering videos - https://goo.gl/LIrlur

59:02

Secrets of the Super Elements

Secrets of the Super Elements

Secrets of the Super Elements

23:00

National Security, Rare Earth Elements & The Thorium Problem

National Security, Rare Earth Elements & The Thorium Problem

National Security, Rare Earth Elements & The Thorium Problem

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think this [mining] company is supplying the U.S. value chain, [and] is supplying the military. It is in-fact, the opposite. They are part of the Chinese monopoly. They're taking powder and shipping it to China, and it comes back as a magnet, or an alloy, or a bolt-on component." - Jim Kennedy
To address this issue, contact your legislators to support H.R.4883 https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
Why can't Molycorp, Lynas or any other 'western' rare earth company succeed?
China's production and market advantage in Rare Earth Elements (REE) is largely the result of NRC and IAEA "SourceMaterial" regulations with unintended consequences.
Source Material: Materials containing any ratio or combination of Thorium and Uranium above .05%. Producing or holding these materials within the regulatory threshold (.05%) requires extensive and wide-ranging licensing, storage, transportation, remediation disposal and compliance costs, including prohibitive liability and bonding issues. Consequently any potential supplier of byproduct / co-product rare earth resources that would be designated as "source material' disposes of these valuable resources to avoid liability and compliance issues.
NRC / IAEA regulations regarding "Source Material" played a key roll in undermining the economic viability of all 'western' rare earth producers and are a critical factor in China's current 'market advantage'. Producers like Molycorp and Lynas, with low Thorium deposits, can never compete with China.
Resources are abundant and available: U.S mining companies currently mine as much as 50% of global Rare Earth Elements demand every year. But these resources are diverted in tailings lakes or are redistributed back into the host ore body, due to NRC and IAEA regulations defining Monazite and other Thorium bearing rare earth resources as "Source Material".
H.R. 4883 would solve the "Thorium Problem" by creating a federally chartered multinational Thorium Energy and Industrial Products Corporation ("Thorium Bank"). Privately funded and operated, this would decouple thorium from rare earth production. The Thorium Corporation would also have Congressional Authority to develop Thorium energy systems and industrial products. Environmental regulations are not scaled back... rather this enables thorium to be stored safely & securely, rather then being treated as "waste".
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
H.R. 4883 thus also addresses the U.S. Weapons Systems current 100% Dependency on China for Rare Earths.
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/downloads/TEAC6/USWeaponsChinese.pdfFederal Legislation governing Strategic Materials, 10 USC 2533b, does not specify rare earths, but includes metal alloys containing limited amounts of manganese, silicon, copper, or aluminum, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, nickel and iron-nickel, cobalt, Titanium and Zirconium alloys. Federal Regulations require that these materials be melted in the U.S. Most of these materials are utilized in rare earth alloys, magnets and components in the defense industry.
The bill does NOT reclassify thorium. It does NOT alter current environmental protection. It simply resolves "The Thorium Problem" which cripples United States domestic rare earth mining, processing and value-adding processes.
Source Footage:
Jim Kennedy @ IAEA: http://youtu.be/fLR39sT_bTs
Jim Kennedy interview @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/Dih30mUexrA
Jim Kennedy Talk @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/CARlEac1iuA
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/z7qfOnMzP9Y
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC4: http://youtu.be/J16IpITWBQ8
John Kutsch @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/MgRn4g7a068

4:51

Iridium - The MOST RARE Metal on Earth!

Iridium - The MOST RARE Metal on Earth!

Iridium - The MOST RARE Metal on Earth!

Chemical Elements: http://www.ebay.com
/usr/novaelementscom?_trksid=p2047675.l2559
NOVAELEMENTS: https://www.novaelements.com/
Mel Science chemical sets: https://goo.gl/SxwFlQ
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Interesting page about chemical experiments: http://m.chemicum.com/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
So today I will tell you about the most rare metal on Earth - iridium.
Iridium is a transitional metal, which is located in the middle of the periodic table, below rhodium. If we take a look at the prevalence of all elements in the earth's crust, Iridium holds the last place, that is a billion atoms of all that there is and only one atom of iridium. This metal is 40 times rarer than gold.
In much higher concentrations iridium is found in meteorites and also in the depths of the Earth, in magma. Interestingly enough, in the layers of rock sediments, though more precisely in the formation of clay, that is aged about 66 million years there were found high concentrations of iridium and this can indicate the collision of Earth with a huge meteorite in the past, which in theory was the cause of the death of the dinosaurs. In it’s appearance iridium is a shiny metal that does not oxidize in air.
This metal has almost the highest density of all metals, just 0.12% lower than that of osmium - the most dense metal.
In this tiny tiny metal droplet, which is of the size of a match head, we have 1 gram of iridium. To help you understand how high is the density of iridium, I will show other metals with the same mass for comparison.
Lead, copper, gallium, zinc, magnesium, and the lightest metal - lithium.
The volumes of the first and last metal differ by about 30 times, although their mass is the same. Iridium is also a very hard metal that is firmer than the solid steel in 1.5 (one and a half) times. Iridium, in addition to its rarity is even the most stable metal that does not oxidize in air up to 2000 degrees, and is not soluble in either acid or aqua regia. Iridium can only react with the fluorine at temperatures of about 600 degrees.
Unfortunately, due to the low activity of iridium, I cannot conduct any chemical experiments or have quality reactions with it.
The only thing that I can do is make a fine powder of iridium and set it on fire in the air, but as you can see, in this case iridium dust is burning quite slowly and also requires dispersing it in the air. For the first time on youtube, you can observe a burning iridium. Also, due to the low activity of iridium, the metal does not tarnish in air, even when heated to above 1,000 degrees. The only thing that the drop of iridium got covered with is a partially evaporated ceramic layer, the one that the forceps are made from. Iridium compounds are can be either brown or yellow, such as the complex of Vasca, which is used as a catalyst in organic chemistry.
By the way, Iridium is the only element that can give away 9 electrons and form compounds with +9 (plus nine) oxidation state.
Iridium now finds many uses in science and technology.
In most cases, we will probably find iridium in spark plugs for vehicles, due to the high stability of iridium to oxidation under the influence of electric discharge.
Pure iridium is used for making crucibles for growing single crystals, foil for making non-amalgam cathodes, as well as as a part of the highly resistant to corrosion alloys.
The first standard of mass of one kilogram was created in 1889 using an alloy composition of 90% platinum and 10% iridium and is called the International Prototype Kilogram, it is still kept in the ParisChamber of Weights and Measures.
Now you know more about one more of the elements, if you would like the scientific series of the elements to continue, please subscribe to my channel and also throw in some likes if you can! Thank you for watching.

1:10

The rare earth elements

The rare earth elements

The rare earth elements

You'll find them everywhere -- from mobile phones to LED lights and powering wind turbines -- they are the rare earth elements.VIDEOGRAPHIC

3:38

Why It Takes 75 Elements To Make Your Cell Phone

Why It Takes 75 Elements To Make Your Cell Phone

Why It Takes 75 Elements To Make Your Cell Phone

Turns out there are some pretty rare elements in your smartphone. How rare are they and what are they doing in your phone?
Why Does Your PhoneBatterySuck? - https://youtu.be/TkEMPh0cXUw
Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI
Get 15% off http://www.domain.com domain names and web hosting when you use coupon code DNEWS at checkout!
Read More:
The All-American iPhone
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601491/the-all-american-iphone/?utm_campaign=add_this&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=post
"According to King at the Ames Lab, an iPhone has about 75 elements in it-two-thirds of the periodic table. Even just the outside of an iPhone relies heavily on materials that aren't commercially available in the U.S.Aluminum comes from bauxite, and there are no major bauxite mines in the U.S. (Recycled aluminum would have to be the domestic source.)"
For metals of the smartphone age, no Plan B
http://news.yale.edu/2013/12/02/metals-smartphone-age-no-plan-b
"Many of the metals needed to feed the surging global demand for high-tech products, from smart phones to solar panels, cannot be replaced, leaving some markets vulnerable if resources become scarce, according to a new Yale study."
Where to FindRare Earth Elements
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/physics/rare-earth-elements-in-cell-phones/
"Every time I see a commercial for a new cell phone, I feel a bit nauseous. I love a new cell phone just like the next person, but because of my training as a materials scientist, I feel like a worker in a sausage factory. Cell phones, like sausages, may be great, but you don't really want to know what it takes to make them."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos daily.
Watch More DNews on Seeker http://www.seeker.com/show/dnews/
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker
Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez
DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
DNews on Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/+dnews
Seeker http://www.seeker.com/
Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here: http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI
Written By: William Poor

1:41

China's Monopoly on Rare Earth Minerals to Diminish

China's Monopoly on Rare Earth Minerals to Diminish

China's Monopoly on Rare Earth Minerals to Diminish

For more news visit ☛ http://english.ntdtv.com
Follow us on Twitter ☛ http://twitter.com/NTDTelevision
Add us on Facebook ☛ http://facebook.com/NTDTelevision
China currently produces the vast majority of the worlds rare-earth minerals - a group of 17 elements essential for a range of modern technology. However, China's monopoly on supply of these minerals could be about to change.
China's current monopoly as a supplier of rare-earth metals is likely to change in the next couple of years, according to a new report, with new rare-earth mines opening in Western Australia and California.
For years, China has produced at least 90 percent of rare earth metals and restricted exports, driving prices even higher. Some Japanese companies have moved to China to ensure supply of rare earth metals for production of their technologies, according to an article in the newspaper The Australian.
The article refers to a report published yesterday by GarethHutch, a rare metals expert from Illinois, who predicts that the global percentage of rare earth metals supplied by China will drop significantly in the next six years.
The group of 17 rare elements includes europium, which is used to produce the red color in televisions. Europium sold for $720 per kg at the start of 2011 and has since risen to $6,300 per kg.
Harth predicts that China's share of the world market of europium will drop to 76 percent in two years and 37 percent in six years.
He predicts a similar story for other rare earth metals.

Can humans live forever? This scientist thinks it's possible. SAN FRANCISCO — Can modern medicine find a way to delay or even stop the aging process of the .
SuperElements are rare earth elements or rare earth metals behind modern technology. So far, China has kind of monopoly on these rare metals and rare .
During this webinar, alternative health expert Gary Null, Ph.D. reveals the incredible secrets to reversing the aging process. He explains the concept of .
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (

Insight: Rare–earth metals

Did you know the smooth running of almost every piece of technology you use - is down to something called a rare-earth metal? The Insight team ask why a monopolised market is causing global concern.
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7fWeaHhqgM4Ry-RMpM2YYw?sub_confirmation=1
Livestream: http://www.youtube.com/c/trtworld/live
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TRTWorld
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TRTWorld
Visit our website: http://www.trtworld.com/

published: 12 Oct 2016

Why We Need Rare Earth Elements

Rare earth elements are crucial to the technology around us - they're in phones, computers, tvs, and hybrid cars. Why are they so important? Any why are they so difficult to mine? Anthony takes a look.
Read More:
"Japan finds rich rare earth deposits on seabed"
http://uk.news.yahoo.com/japan-finds-rich-rare-earth-deposits-seabed-114659686.html#SvZ1Dq2
"Japanese researchers said Thursday they have found a rich deposit of rare earths on the Pacific seabed, with reports suggesting it could be up to 30 times more concentrated than Chinese reserves."
"4 Rare Earth Elements That Will Only Get More Important"
http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/news/important-rare-earth-elements#slide-1
"Lithium is lionized. Silicon has a whole valley named after it. But what about the ...

published: 26 Mar 2013

Thulium - The RAREST AMONG THE RARE Earth Metals!

Thanks for the thulium: http://onyxmet.com/
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
Do not repeat the experiments shown in this video!
So, today I will tell you about the rarest among the so-called rare earth metals - thulium, however absurd it may sound, the rarest among the rare.
And yes, with the city of Tula this metal is not connected in any way, unless the Tula gingerbread actually contains lanthanides. Nonetheless, in the periodic table the metal thulium is indeed featured in the row of those lanthanides, under the number 69. Thulium is very difficult to obtain, as only one part of this metal can be found in 100 trillion pieces of the earth's crust. Even the famous scientist Charles James...

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill for new deposits and find more environmentally friendly ways of processing the materials. A fascinating glimpse at cutting-edge research that could make our green technologies of the future even greener.
FirstBroadcast in 2013. Content Provided By Java Films. Any queries, contact us at hello@littledotstudios.com
Subscribe to Spark for more amazing science, tech and engineering videos - https://goo.gl/LIrlur

published: 23 Jun 2017

Secrets of the Super Elements

published: 26 Jul 2017

National Security, Rare Earth Elements & The Thorium Problem

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think this [mining] company is supplying the U.S. value chain, [and] is supplying the military. It is in-fact, the opposite. They are part of the Chinese monopoly. They're taking powder and shipping it to China, and it comes back as a magnet, or an alloy, or a bolt-on component." - Jim Kennedy
To address this issue, contact your legislators to support H.R.4883 https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
Why can't Molycorp, Lynas or any other 'western' rare earth company succeed?
China's production and market advantage in Rare Earth Elements (REE) is largely the result of NRC and IAEA "SourceMaterial" regulations with unintende...

published: 28 Jul 2014

Iridium - The MOST RARE Metal on Earth!

Chemical Elements: http://www.ebay.com
/usr/novaelementscom?_trksid=p2047675.l2559
NOVAELEMENTS: https://www.novaelements.com/
Mel Science chemical sets: https://goo.gl/SxwFlQ
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Interesting page about chemical experiments: http://m.chemicum.com/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
So today I will tell you about the most rare metal on Earth - iridium.
Iridium is a transitional metal, which is located in the middle of the periodic table, below rhodium. If we take a look at the prevalence of all elements in the earth's crust, Iridium holds the last place, that is a billion atoms of all that there is and only one atom of iridium. This metal is 40 times rarer than gold.
In much higher concentrati...

published: 10 Dec 2016

The rare earth elements

You'll find them everywhere -- from mobile phones to LED lights and powering wind turbines -- they are the rare earth elements.VIDEOGRAPHIC

published: 26 Dec 2012

Why It Takes 75 Elements To Make Your Cell Phone

Turns out there are some pretty rare elements in your smartphone. How rare are they and what are they doing in your phone?
Why Does Your PhoneBatterySuck? - https://youtu.be/TkEMPh0cXUw
Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI
Get 15% off http://www.domain.com domain names and web hosting when you use coupon code DNEWS at checkout!
Read More:
The All-American iPhone
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601491/the-all-american-iphone/?utm_campaign=add_this&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=post
"According to King at the Ames Lab, an iPhone has about 75 elements in it-two-thirds of the periodic table. Even just the outside of an iPhone relies heavily on materials that aren't commercially available in the U.S.Aluminum comes from bauxite, and there are no maj...

published: 26 Nov 2016

China's Monopoly on Rare Earth Minerals to Diminish

For more news visit ☛ http://english.ntdtv.com
Follow us on Twitter ☛ http://twitter.com/NTDTelevision
Add us on Facebook ☛ http://facebook.com/NTDTelevision
China currently produces the vast majority of the worlds rare-earth minerals - a group of 17 elements essential for a range of modern technology. However, China's monopoly on supply of these minerals could be about to change.
China's current monopoly as a supplier of rare-earth metals is likely to change in the next couple of years, according to a new report, with new rare-earth mines opening in Western Australia and California.
For years, China has produced at least 90 percent of rare earth metals and restricted exports, driving prices even higher. Some Japanese companies have moved to China to ensure supply of rare earth ...

Can humans live forever? This scientist thinks it's possible. SAN FRANCISCO — Can modern medicine find a way to delay or even stop the aging process of the .
SuperElements are rare earth elements or rare earth metals behind modern technology. So far, China has kind of monopoly on these rare metals and rare .
During this webinar, alternative health expert Gary Null, Ph.D. reveals the incredible secrets to reversing the aging process. He explains the concept of .
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (

Insight: Rare–earth metals

Did you know the smooth running of almost every piece of technology you use - is down to something called a rare-earth metal? The Insight team ask why a monopol...

Did you know the smooth running of almost every piece of technology you use - is down to something called a rare-earth metal? The Insight team ask why a monopolised market is causing global concern.
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7fWeaHhqgM4Ry-RMpM2YYw?sub_confirmation=1
Livestream: http://www.youtube.com/c/trtworld/live
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TRTWorld
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TRTWorld
Visit our website: http://www.trtworld.com/

Did you know the smooth running of almost every piece of technology you use - is down to something called a rare-earth metal? The Insight team ask why a monopolised market is causing global concern.
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7fWeaHhqgM4Ry-RMpM2YYw?sub_confirmation=1
Livestream: http://www.youtube.com/c/trtworld/live
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TRTWorld
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TRTWorld
Visit our website: http://www.trtworld.com/

Why We Need Rare Earth Elements

Rare earth elements are crucial to the technology around us - they're in phones, computers, tvs, and hybrid cars. Why are they so important? Any why are they so...

Rare earth elements are crucial to the technology around us - they're in phones, computers, tvs, and hybrid cars. Why are they so important? Any why are they so difficult to mine? Anthony takes a look.
Read More:
"Japan finds rich rare earth deposits on seabed"
http://uk.news.yahoo.com/japan-finds-rich-rare-earth-deposits-seabed-114659686.html#SvZ1Dq2
"Japanese researchers said Thursday they have found a rich deposit of rare earths on the Pacific seabed, with reports suggesting it could be up to 30 times more concentrated than Chinese reserves."
"4 Rare Earth Elements That Will Only Get More Important"
http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/news/important-rare-earth-elements#slide-1
"Lithium is lionized. Silicon has a whole valley named after it. But what about the silent heroes of modern technology?"
"What are 'rare earths' used for?"
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-17357863
""Rare earths" are a group of 17 chemically similar elements crucial to the manufacture of many hi-tech products."
DNews is a show about the science of everyday life. We post two new videos every day of the week.
Watch More
http://www.youtube.com/dnewschannel
Subscribe
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzWQYUVCpZqtN93H8RR44Qw?sub_confirmation=1
DNews Twitter
https://twitter.com/dnews
Anthony Carboni Twitter:
https://twitter.com/acarboni
Laci Green Twitter
https://twitter.com/gogreen18
Trace Dominguez Twitter
https://twitter.com/trace501
DNews Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/DNews
DNews Google+
https://plus.google.com/u/0/106194964544004197170/posts
DNews Website
http://discoverynews.com/

Rare earth elements are crucial to the technology around us - they're in phones, computers, tvs, and hybrid cars. Why are they so important? Any why are they so difficult to mine? Anthony takes a look.
Read More:
"Japan finds rich rare earth deposits on seabed"
http://uk.news.yahoo.com/japan-finds-rich-rare-earth-deposits-seabed-114659686.html#SvZ1Dq2
"Japanese researchers said Thursday they have found a rich deposit of rare earths on the Pacific seabed, with reports suggesting it could be up to 30 times more concentrated than Chinese reserves."
"4 Rare Earth Elements That Will Only Get More Important"
http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/news/important-rare-earth-elements#slide-1
"Lithium is lionized. Silicon has a whole valley named after it. But what about the silent heroes of modern technology?"
"What are 'rare earths' used for?"
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-17357863
""Rare earths" are a group of 17 chemically similar elements crucial to the manufacture of many hi-tech products."
DNews is a show about the science of everyday life. We post two new videos every day of the week.
Watch More
http://www.youtube.com/dnewschannel
Subscribe
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzWQYUVCpZqtN93H8RR44Qw?sub_confirmation=1
DNews Twitter
https://twitter.com/dnews
Anthony Carboni Twitter:
https://twitter.com/acarboni
Laci Green Twitter
https://twitter.com/gogreen18
Trace Dominguez Twitter
https://twitter.com/trace501
DNews Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/DNews
DNews Google+
https://plus.google.com/u/0/106194964544004197170/posts
DNews Website
http://discoverynews.com/

Thanks for the thulium: http://onyxmet.com/
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
Do not repeat the experiments shown in this video!
So, today I will tell you about the rarest among the so-called rare earth metals - thulium, however absurd it may sound, the rarest among the rare.
And yes, with the city of Tula this metal is not connected in any way, unless the Tula gingerbread actually contains lanthanides. Nonetheless, in the periodic table the metal thulium is indeed featured in the row of those lanthanides, under the number 69. Thulium is very difficult to obtain, as only one part of this metal can be found in 100 trillion pieces of the earth's crust. Even the famous scientist Charles James needed to go through about 15,000 purification steps in order to get a more or less pure thulium bromate from an ore, the role of which can be taken by gadolinite or, for example, monazite. Many of you may have noticed that in almost all of the videos about lanthanides I mention all the same minerals and it's not just a coincidence.
The fact is that often in such minerals one can find a whole gallery of lanthanide compounds that often accompany each other in natural sources and show the same chemical properties due to the similar structure of the electron shell. So it is not that easy to separate them from each other. By the way, approximately 80% of all the lanthanide deposits are located in China, as is the production of compounds from these elements. But let's return to thulium. From the outside this element looks like a shiny metal, resistant to oxidation in air. This piece of Thulium was made back in the year 1990, and since that time it almost did not oxidize. Because of its rarity, thulium now has a fairly high price, for 10 grams you may pay above $100. What’s also of interest is the structure of this Thulium sample, consisting of the so-called metal dendrites obtained by sublimation of a metal in a vacuum. According to its chemical properties, thulium hardly differs from other lanthanides, although in comparison with, say, neodymium, thulium is less active. This element also dissolves well in hydrochloric acid where it forms thulium chloride - a substance with a slightly greenish tinge. The same unusual green color can be seen in the sparks of burning thulium in air, which is quite unusual, since the sparks of other lanthanides are usually white. When the metal thulium burns in air, an oxide of this metal is formed. Nowadays, thulium compounds are added to phosphors, which allow them to glow in the ultraviolet in blue color, this property is used for the protection of euro banknotes from counterfeiters. Thulium compounds are added to the ink for the notes which under the ultraviolet light makes those particles glow in blue. The common properties of thulium with the other lanthanide metals can be seen from the behavior of thulium chloride in the presence of vanadates or tungstates, when the solutions of these substances come into contact, the insoluble precipitates of thulium compounds form. On the application, the non-radioactive isotope of thulium 169 finds its place in the manufacture of lasers used in surgery. For example, a solid-state laser using aluminum-yttrium garnet with thulium impurities is used to treat prostatitis and remove tumors. Though a more interesting application finds the radioactive isotope thulium 170, that emits a soft gamma, it is used in the production of compact sources of X-ray radiation which are used for obtaining dental images, and in searching for microcracks in mechanical and electronic devices. The miniature thulium devices are suitable for X-ray diagnostics in the tissues and organs that are difficult, and sometimes impossible to scan, with the conventional X-ray machines. With the help of thulium 170 absolutely inconspicuous letters and symbolic signs were found on the bronze lining of the Assyrian helmet of the 9th century BC.
The helmet was wrapped in film and was shined through from within with soft gamma rays of thulium. On the developed film what appeared was the worn-out signs ... The only drawback of such devices is that the isotope thulium 170 is quite expensive, and has a half-life of about 170 days, meaning devices using this isotope are short-lived.
Due to its rarity and high price, thulium is currently not so widespread in application as the other lanthanides, but in the end it can be said that this metal is quite unique, the rarest among the rare.

Thanks for the thulium: http://onyxmet.com/
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
Do not repeat the experiments shown in this video!
So, today I will tell you about the rarest among the so-called rare earth metals - thulium, however absurd it may sound, the rarest among the rare.
And yes, with the city of Tula this metal is not connected in any way, unless the Tula gingerbread actually contains lanthanides. Nonetheless, in the periodic table the metal thulium is indeed featured in the row of those lanthanides, under the number 69. Thulium is very difficult to obtain, as only one part of this metal can be found in 100 trillion pieces of the earth's crust. Even the famous scientist Charles James needed to go through about 15,000 purification steps in order to get a more or less pure thulium bromate from an ore, the role of which can be taken by gadolinite or, for example, monazite. Many of you may have noticed that in almost all of the videos about lanthanides I mention all the same minerals and it's not just a coincidence.
The fact is that often in such minerals one can find a whole gallery of lanthanide compounds that often accompany each other in natural sources and show the same chemical properties due to the similar structure of the electron shell. So it is not that easy to separate them from each other. By the way, approximately 80% of all the lanthanide deposits are located in China, as is the production of compounds from these elements. But let's return to thulium. From the outside this element looks like a shiny metal, resistant to oxidation in air. This piece of Thulium was made back in the year 1990, and since that time it almost did not oxidize. Because of its rarity, thulium now has a fairly high price, for 10 grams you may pay above $100. What’s also of interest is the structure of this Thulium sample, consisting of the so-called metal dendrites obtained by sublimation of a metal in a vacuum. According to its chemical properties, thulium hardly differs from other lanthanides, although in comparison with, say, neodymium, thulium is less active. This element also dissolves well in hydrochloric acid where it forms thulium chloride - a substance with a slightly greenish tinge. The same unusual green color can be seen in the sparks of burning thulium in air, which is quite unusual, since the sparks of other lanthanides are usually white. When the metal thulium burns in air, an oxide of this metal is formed. Nowadays, thulium compounds are added to phosphors, which allow them to glow in the ultraviolet in blue color, this property is used for the protection of euro banknotes from counterfeiters. Thulium compounds are added to the ink for the notes which under the ultraviolet light makes those particles glow in blue. The common properties of thulium with the other lanthanide metals can be seen from the behavior of thulium chloride in the presence of vanadates or tungstates, when the solutions of these substances come into contact, the insoluble precipitates of thulium compounds form. On the application, the non-radioactive isotope of thulium 169 finds its place in the manufacture of lasers used in surgery. For example, a solid-state laser using aluminum-yttrium garnet with thulium impurities is used to treat prostatitis and remove tumors. Though a more interesting application finds the radioactive isotope thulium 170, that emits a soft gamma, it is used in the production of compact sources of X-ray radiation which are used for obtaining dental images, and in searching for microcracks in mechanical and electronic devices. The miniature thulium devices are suitable for X-ray diagnostics in the tissues and organs that are difficult, and sometimes impossible to scan, with the conventional X-ray machines. With the help of thulium 170 absolutely inconspicuous letters and symbolic signs were found on the bronze lining of the Assyrian helmet of the 9th century BC.
The helmet was wrapped in film and was shined through from within with soft gamma rays of thulium. On the developed film what appeared was the worn-out signs ... The only drawback of such devices is that the isotope thulium 170 is quite expensive, and has a half-life of about 170 days, meaning devices using this isotope are short-lived.
Due to its rarity and high price, thulium is currently not so widespread in application as the other lanthanides, but in the end it can be said that this metal is quite unique, the rarest among the rare.

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill...

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill for new deposits and find more environmentally friendly ways of processing the materials. A fascinating glimpse at cutting-edge research that could make our green technologies of the future even greener.
FirstBroadcast in 2013. Content Provided By Java Films. Any queries, contact us at hello@littledotstudios.com
Subscribe to Spark for more amazing science, tech and engineering videos - https://goo.gl/LIrlur

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill for new deposits and find more environmentally friendly ways of processing the materials. A fascinating glimpse at cutting-edge research that could make our green technologies of the future even greener.
FirstBroadcast in 2013. Content Provided By Java Films. Any queries, contact us at hello@littledotstudios.com
Subscribe to Spark for more amazing science, tech and engineering videos - https://goo.gl/LIrlur

National Security, Rare Earth Elements & The Thorium Problem

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think ...

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think this [mining] company is supplying the U.S. value chain, [and] is supplying the military. It is in-fact, the opposite. They are part of the Chinese monopoly. They're taking powder and shipping it to China, and it comes back as a magnet, or an alloy, or a bolt-on component." - Jim Kennedy
To address this issue, contact your legislators to support H.R.4883 https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
Why can't Molycorp, Lynas or any other 'western' rare earth company succeed?
China's production and market advantage in Rare Earth Elements (REE) is largely the result of NRC and IAEA "SourceMaterial" regulations with unintended consequences.
Source Material: Materials containing any ratio or combination of Thorium and Uranium above .05%. Producing or holding these materials within the regulatory threshold (.05%) requires extensive and wide-ranging licensing, storage, transportation, remediation disposal and compliance costs, including prohibitive liability and bonding issues. Consequently any potential supplier of byproduct / co-product rare earth resources that would be designated as "source material' disposes of these valuable resources to avoid liability and compliance issues.
NRC / IAEA regulations regarding "Source Material" played a key roll in undermining the economic viability of all 'western' rare earth producers and are a critical factor in China's current 'market advantage'. Producers like Molycorp and Lynas, with low Thorium deposits, can never compete with China.
Resources are abundant and available: U.S mining companies currently mine as much as 50% of global Rare Earth Elements demand every year. But these resources are diverted in tailings lakes or are redistributed back into the host ore body, due to NRC and IAEA regulations defining Monazite and other Thorium bearing rare earth resources as "Source Material".
H.R. 4883 would solve the "Thorium Problem" by creating a federally chartered multinational Thorium Energy and Industrial Products Corporation ("Thorium Bank"). Privately funded and operated, this would decouple thorium from rare earth production. The Thorium Corporation would also have Congressional Authority to develop Thorium energy systems and industrial products. Environmental regulations are not scaled back... rather this enables thorium to be stored safely & securely, rather then being treated as "waste".
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
H.R. 4883 thus also addresses the U.S. Weapons Systems current 100% Dependency on China for Rare Earths.
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/downloads/TEAC6/USWeaponsChinese.pdfFederal Legislation governing Strategic Materials, 10 USC 2533b, does not specify rare earths, but includes metal alloys containing limited amounts of manganese, silicon, copper, or aluminum, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, nickel and iron-nickel, cobalt, Titanium and Zirconium alloys. Federal Regulations require that these materials be melted in the U.S. Most of these materials are utilized in rare earth alloys, magnets and components in the defense industry.
The bill does NOT reclassify thorium. It does NOT alter current environmental protection. It simply resolves "The Thorium Problem" which cripples United States domestic rare earth mining, processing and value-adding processes.
Source Footage:
Jim Kennedy @ IAEA: http://youtu.be/fLR39sT_bTs
Jim Kennedy interview @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/Dih30mUexrA
Jim Kennedy Talk @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/CARlEac1iuA
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/z7qfOnMzP9Y
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC4: http://youtu.be/J16IpITWBQ8
John Kutsch @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/MgRn4g7a068

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think this [mining] company is supplying the U.S. value chain, [and] is supplying the military. It is in-fact, the opposite. They are part of the Chinese monopoly. They're taking powder and shipping it to China, and it comes back as a magnet, or an alloy, or a bolt-on component." - Jim Kennedy
To address this issue, contact your legislators to support H.R.4883 https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
Why can't Molycorp, Lynas or any other 'western' rare earth company succeed?
China's production and market advantage in Rare Earth Elements (REE) is largely the result of NRC and IAEA "SourceMaterial" regulations with unintended consequences.
Source Material: Materials containing any ratio or combination of Thorium and Uranium above .05%. Producing or holding these materials within the regulatory threshold (.05%) requires extensive and wide-ranging licensing, storage, transportation, remediation disposal and compliance costs, including prohibitive liability and bonding issues. Consequently any potential supplier of byproduct / co-product rare earth resources that would be designated as "source material' disposes of these valuable resources to avoid liability and compliance issues.
NRC / IAEA regulations regarding "Source Material" played a key roll in undermining the economic viability of all 'western' rare earth producers and are a critical factor in China's current 'market advantage'. Producers like Molycorp and Lynas, with low Thorium deposits, can never compete with China.
Resources are abundant and available: U.S mining companies currently mine as much as 50% of global Rare Earth Elements demand every year. But these resources are diverted in tailings lakes or are redistributed back into the host ore body, due to NRC and IAEA regulations defining Monazite and other Thorium bearing rare earth resources as "Source Material".
H.R. 4883 would solve the "Thorium Problem" by creating a federally chartered multinational Thorium Energy and Industrial Products Corporation ("Thorium Bank"). Privately funded and operated, this would decouple thorium from rare earth production. The Thorium Corporation would also have Congressional Authority to develop Thorium energy systems and industrial products. Environmental regulations are not scaled back... rather this enables thorium to be stored safely & securely, rather then being treated as "waste".
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
H.R. 4883 thus also addresses the U.S. Weapons Systems current 100% Dependency on China for Rare Earths.
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/downloads/TEAC6/USWeaponsChinese.pdfFederal Legislation governing Strategic Materials, 10 USC 2533b, does not specify rare earths, but includes metal alloys containing limited amounts of manganese, silicon, copper, or aluminum, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, nickel and iron-nickel, cobalt, Titanium and Zirconium alloys. Federal Regulations require that these materials be melted in the U.S. Most of these materials are utilized in rare earth alloys, magnets and components in the defense industry.
The bill does NOT reclassify thorium. It does NOT alter current environmental protection. It simply resolves "The Thorium Problem" which cripples United States domestic rare earth mining, processing and value-adding processes.
Source Footage:
Jim Kennedy @ IAEA: http://youtu.be/fLR39sT_bTs
Jim Kennedy interview @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/Dih30mUexrA
Jim Kennedy Talk @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/CARlEac1iuA
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/z7qfOnMzP9Y
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC4: http://youtu.be/J16IpITWBQ8
John Kutsch @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/MgRn4g7a068

Chemical Elements: http://www.ebay.com
/usr/novaelementscom?_trksid=p2047675.l2559
NOVAELEMENTS: https://www.novaelements.com/
Mel Science chemical sets: https://goo.gl/SxwFlQ
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Interesting page about chemical experiments: http://m.chemicum.com/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
So today I will tell you about the most rare metal on Earth - iridium.
Iridium is a transitional metal, which is located in the middle of the periodic table, below rhodium. If we take a look at the prevalence of all elements in the earth's crust, Iridium holds the last place, that is a billion atoms of all that there is and only one atom of iridium. This metal is 40 times rarer than gold.
In much higher concentrations iridium is found in meteorites and also in the depths of the Earth, in magma. Interestingly enough, in the layers of rock sediments, though more precisely in the formation of clay, that is aged about 66 million years there were found high concentrations of iridium and this can indicate the collision of Earth with a huge meteorite in the past, which in theory was the cause of the death of the dinosaurs. In it’s appearance iridium is a shiny metal that does not oxidize in air.
This metal has almost the highest density of all metals, just 0.12% lower than that of osmium - the most dense metal.
In this tiny tiny metal droplet, which is of the size of a match head, we have 1 gram of iridium. To help you understand how high is the density of iridium, I will show other metals with the same mass for comparison.
Lead, copper, gallium, zinc, magnesium, and the lightest metal - lithium.
The volumes of the first and last metal differ by about 30 times, although their mass is the same. Iridium is also a very hard metal that is firmer than the solid steel in 1.5 (one and a half) times. Iridium, in addition to its rarity is even the most stable metal that does not oxidize in air up to 2000 degrees, and is not soluble in either acid or aqua regia. Iridium can only react with the fluorine at temperatures of about 600 degrees.
Unfortunately, due to the low activity of iridium, I cannot conduct any chemical experiments or have quality reactions with it.
The only thing that I can do is make a fine powder of iridium and set it on fire in the air, but as you can see, in this case iridium dust is burning quite slowly and also requires dispersing it in the air. For the first time on youtube, you can observe a burning iridium. Also, due to the low activity of iridium, the metal does not tarnish in air, even when heated to above 1,000 degrees. The only thing that the drop of iridium got covered with is a partially evaporated ceramic layer, the one that the forceps are made from. Iridium compounds are can be either brown or yellow, such as the complex of Vasca, which is used as a catalyst in organic chemistry.
By the way, Iridium is the only element that can give away 9 electrons and form compounds with +9 (plus nine) oxidation state.
Iridium now finds many uses in science and technology.
In most cases, we will probably find iridium in spark plugs for vehicles, due to the high stability of iridium to oxidation under the influence of electric discharge.
Pure iridium is used for making crucibles for growing single crystals, foil for making non-amalgam cathodes, as well as as a part of the highly resistant to corrosion alloys.
The first standard of mass of one kilogram was created in 1889 using an alloy composition of 90% platinum and 10% iridium and is called the International Prototype Kilogram, it is still kept in the ParisChamber of Weights and Measures.
Now you know more about one more of the elements, if you would like the scientific series of the elements to continue, please subscribe to my channel and also throw in some likes if you can! Thank you for watching.

Chemical Elements: http://www.ebay.com
/usr/novaelementscom?_trksid=p2047675.l2559
NOVAELEMENTS: https://www.novaelements.com/
Mel Science chemical sets: https://goo.gl/SxwFlQ
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Interesting page about chemical experiments: http://m.chemicum.com/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
So today I will tell you about the most rare metal on Earth - iridium.
Iridium is a transitional metal, which is located in the middle of the periodic table, below rhodium. If we take a look at the prevalence of all elements in the earth's crust, Iridium holds the last place, that is a billion atoms of all that there is and only one atom of iridium. This metal is 40 times rarer than gold.
In much higher concentrations iridium is found in meteorites and also in the depths of the Earth, in magma. Interestingly enough, in the layers of rock sediments, though more precisely in the formation of clay, that is aged about 66 million years there were found high concentrations of iridium and this can indicate the collision of Earth with a huge meteorite in the past, which in theory was the cause of the death of the dinosaurs. In it’s appearance iridium is a shiny metal that does not oxidize in air.
This metal has almost the highest density of all metals, just 0.12% lower than that of osmium - the most dense metal.
In this tiny tiny metal droplet, which is of the size of a match head, we have 1 gram of iridium. To help you understand how high is the density of iridium, I will show other metals with the same mass for comparison.
Lead, copper, gallium, zinc, magnesium, and the lightest metal - lithium.
The volumes of the first and last metal differ by about 30 times, although their mass is the same. Iridium is also a very hard metal that is firmer than the solid steel in 1.5 (one and a half) times. Iridium, in addition to its rarity is even the most stable metal that does not oxidize in air up to 2000 degrees, and is not soluble in either acid or aqua regia. Iridium can only react with the fluorine at temperatures of about 600 degrees.
Unfortunately, due to the low activity of iridium, I cannot conduct any chemical experiments or have quality reactions with it.
The only thing that I can do is make a fine powder of iridium and set it on fire in the air, but as you can see, in this case iridium dust is burning quite slowly and also requires dispersing it in the air. For the first time on youtube, you can observe a burning iridium. Also, due to the low activity of iridium, the metal does not tarnish in air, even when heated to above 1,000 degrees. The only thing that the drop of iridium got covered with is a partially evaporated ceramic layer, the one that the forceps are made from. Iridium compounds are can be either brown or yellow, such as the complex of Vasca, which is used as a catalyst in organic chemistry.
By the way, Iridium is the only element that can give away 9 electrons and form compounds with +9 (plus nine) oxidation state.
Iridium now finds many uses in science and technology.
In most cases, we will probably find iridium in spark plugs for vehicles, due to the high stability of iridium to oxidation under the influence of electric discharge.
Pure iridium is used for making crucibles for growing single crystals, foil for making non-amalgam cathodes, as well as as a part of the highly resistant to corrosion alloys.
The first standard of mass of one kilogram was created in 1889 using an alloy composition of 90% platinum and 10% iridium and is called the International Prototype Kilogram, it is still kept in the ParisChamber of Weights and Measures.
Now you know more about one more of the elements, if you would like the scientific series of the elements to continue, please subscribe to my channel and also throw in some likes if you can! Thank you for watching.

Why It Takes 75 Elements To Make Your Cell Phone

Turns out there are some pretty rare elements in your smartphone. How rare are they and what are they doing in your phone?
Why Does Your PhoneBatterySuck? ...

Turns out there are some pretty rare elements in your smartphone. How rare are they and what are they doing in your phone?
Why Does Your PhoneBatterySuck? - https://youtu.be/TkEMPh0cXUw
Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI
Get 15% off http://www.domain.com domain names and web hosting when you use coupon code DNEWS at checkout!
Read More:
The All-American iPhone
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601491/the-all-american-iphone/?utm_campaign=add_this&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=post
"According to King at the Ames Lab, an iPhone has about 75 elements in it-two-thirds of the periodic table. Even just the outside of an iPhone relies heavily on materials that aren't commercially available in the U.S.Aluminum comes from bauxite, and there are no major bauxite mines in the U.S. (Recycled aluminum would have to be the domestic source.)"
For metals of the smartphone age, no Plan B
http://news.yale.edu/2013/12/02/metals-smartphone-age-no-plan-b
"Many of the metals needed to feed the surging global demand for high-tech products, from smart phones to solar panels, cannot be replaced, leaving some markets vulnerable if resources become scarce, according to a new Yale study."
Where to FindRare Earth Elements
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/physics/rare-earth-elements-in-cell-phones/
"Every time I see a commercial for a new cell phone, I feel a bit nauseous. I love a new cell phone just like the next person, but because of my training as a materials scientist, I feel like a worker in a sausage factory. Cell phones, like sausages, may be great, but you don't really want to know what it takes to make them."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos daily.
Watch More DNews on Seeker http://www.seeker.com/show/dnews/
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker
Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez
DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
DNews on Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/+dnews
Seeker http://www.seeker.com/
Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here: http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI
Written By: William Poor

Turns out there are some pretty rare elements in your smartphone. How rare are they and what are they doing in your phone?
Why Does Your PhoneBatterySuck? - https://youtu.be/TkEMPh0cXUw
Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI
Get 15% off http://www.domain.com domain names and web hosting when you use coupon code DNEWS at checkout!
Read More:
The All-American iPhone
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601491/the-all-american-iphone/?utm_campaign=add_this&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=post
"According to King at the Ames Lab, an iPhone has about 75 elements in it-two-thirds of the periodic table. Even just the outside of an iPhone relies heavily on materials that aren't commercially available in the U.S.Aluminum comes from bauxite, and there are no major bauxite mines in the U.S. (Recycled aluminum would have to be the domestic source.)"
For metals of the smartphone age, no Plan B
http://news.yale.edu/2013/12/02/metals-smartphone-age-no-plan-b
"Many of the metals needed to feed the surging global demand for high-tech products, from smart phones to solar panels, cannot be replaced, leaving some markets vulnerable if resources become scarce, according to a new Yale study."
Where to FindRare Earth Elements
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/physics/rare-earth-elements-in-cell-phones/
"Every time I see a commercial for a new cell phone, I feel a bit nauseous. I love a new cell phone just like the next person, but because of my training as a materials scientist, I feel like a worker in a sausage factory. Cell phones, like sausages, may be great, but you don't really want to know what it takes to make them."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos daily.
Watch More DNews on Seeker http://www.seeker.com/show/dnews/
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker
Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez
DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
DNews on Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/+dnews
Seeker http://www.seeker.com/
Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here: http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI
Written By: William Poor

China's Monopoly on Rare Earth Minerals to Diminish

For more news visit ☛ http://english.ntdtv.com
Follow us on Twitter ☛ http://twitter.com/NTDTelevision
Add us on Facebook ☛ http://facebook.com/NTDTelevision
...

For more news visit ☛ http://english.ntdtv.com
Follow us on Twitter ☛ http://twitter.com/NTDTelevision
Add us on Facebook ☛ http://facebook.com/NTDTelevision
China currently produces the vast majority of the worlds rare-earth minerals - a group of 17 elements essential for a range of modern technology. However, China's monopoly on supply of these minerals could be about to change.
China's current monopoly as a supplier of rare-earth metals is likely to change in the next couple of years, according to a new report, with new rare-earth mines opening in Western Australia and California.
For years, China has produced at least 90 percent of rare earth metals and restricted exports, driving prices even higher. Some Japanese companies have moved to China to ensure supply of rare earth metals for production of their technologies, according to an article in the newspaper The Australian.
The article refers to a report published yesterday by GarethHutch, a rare metals expert from Illinois, who predicts that the global percentage of rare earth metals supplied by China will drop significantly in the next six years.
The group of 17 rare elements includes europium, which is used to produce the red color in televisions. Europium sold for $720 per kg at the start of 2011 and has since risen to $6,300 per kg.
Harth predicts that China's share of the world market of europium will drop to 76 percent in two years and 37 percent in six years.
He predicts a similar story for other rare earth metals.

For more news visit ☛ http://english.ntdtv.com
Follow us on Twitter ☛ http://twitter.com/NTDTelevision
Add us on Facebook ☛ http://facebook.com/NTDTelevision
China currently produces the vast majority of the worlds rare-earth minerals - a group of 17 elements essential for a range of modern technology. However, China's monopoly on supply of these minerals could be about to change.
China's current monopoly as a supplier of rare-earth metals is likely to change in the next couple of years, according to a new report, with new rare-earth mines opening in Western Australia and California.
For years, China has produced at least 90 percent of rare earth metals and restricted exports, driving prices even higher. Some Japanese companies have moved to China to ensure supply of rare earth metals for production of their technologies, according to an article in the newspaper The Australian.
The article refers to a report published yesterday by GarethHutch, a rare metals expert from Illinois, who predicts that the global percentage of rare earth metals supplied by China will drop significantly in the next six years.
The group of 17 rare elements includes europium, which is used to produce the red color in televisions. Europium sold for $720 per kg at the start of 2011 and has since risen to $6,300 per kg.
Harth predicts that China's share of the world market of europium will drop to 76 percent in two years and 37 percent in six years.
He predicts a similar story for other rare earth metals.

Can humans live forever? This scientist thinks it's possible. SAN FRANCISCO — Can modern medicine find a way to delay or even stop the aging process of the .
...

Can humans live forever? This scientist thinks it's possible. SAN FRANCISCO — Can modern medicine find a way to delay or even stop the aging process of the .
SuperElements are rare earth elements or rare earth metals behind modern technology. So far, China has kind of monopoly on these rare metals and rare .
During this webinar, alternative health expert Gary Null, Ph.D. reveals the incredible secrets to reversing the aging process. He explains the concept of .
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (

Can humans live forever? This scientist thinks it's possible. SAN FRANCISCO — Can modern medicine find a way to delay or even stop the aging process of the .
SuperElements are rare earth elements or rare earth metals behind modern technology. So far, China has kind of monopoly on these rare metals and rare .
During this webinar, alternative health expert Gary Null, Ph.D. reveals the incredible secrets to reversing the aging process. He explains the concept of .
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (

Top 10 Most Expensive Elements on Earth !!

Chemical elements are building blocks of everything we see around us. There are 118 recognized elements, 94 of which occur naturally including iron, silver and gold, while others are synthetic, some examples of which are curium and californium. This list contains 10 earth elements that are extremely rare, and some of them have demand in the market, which makes them some of the most expensive elements on the planet.
10. Gold : $56 per gram
Gold is one of the most widely known and used elements in the world, especially in jewelry. Almost every ancient civilization on earth considered this metal to be valuable. Science, it also proves that some of the characteristics of gold makes it perfect for electronic use, though high cost is the biggest hurdle to use it in wires. So, we’re stuck with ...

Feel Good Inc. (metal cover by Leo Moracchioli)

Original by Gorillaz
You can buy my albums or singles here:
DIRECT FROM ME (LOSSLESS)
► http://bit.ly/2usJ3lq
ITUNES ► http://apple.co/1Lni4PR
AMAZON ► http://amzn.to/1U2rqUa
GOOGLEPLAY ► http://bit.ly/1SOd6Nx
How to play this song on guitar here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVfUCEAdPeg
How to play this song on guitar here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVfUCEAdPeg
FrogLeap Studios Merchandise here:
US ► http://bit.ly/1qZ64KP
EU ► http://bit.ly/1NXI3Zz
Become a Patreon and get all the songs and support me doing more music covers:
http://www.patreon.com/frogleapstudios
►Gear I use:
Chapman Guitars: http://www.chapmanguitars.co.uk
Microphone: http://amzn.to/2s4GTGY
StudioGuitar Amp: http://amzn.to/2t3WifM
Guitar Strings: http://amzn.to/2sKOXyC
MainCamera: http://amzn.to/2sKG...

The Periodic Table Song (2018 UPDATE!)

The COMPLETE Periodic Table!
Check out http://asapscience.com for more
iTunes http://bit.ly/asaptable
Bandcamp: https://asapscience.bandcamp.com/track/the-updat...

The COMPLETE Periodic Table!
Check out http://asapscience.com for more
iTunes http://bit.ly/asaptable
Bandcamp: https://asapscience.bandcamp.com/track/the-updated-periodic-table-song-2018
In celebration of National Periodic Table Day, here is our song updated with the 4 newly named elements!
https://www.asapscience.com/
FOLLOW US!
Instagram and Twitter: @whalewatchmeplz and @mitchellmoffit
Clickable: http://bit.ly/16F1jeC and http://bit.ly/15J7ube
AsapINSTAGRAM: https://instagram.com/asapscience/
Facebook: http://facebook.com/AsapSCIENCE
Twitter: http://twitter.com/AsapSCIENCE
Tumblr: http://asapscience.tumblr.com
Vine: Search "AsapSCIENCE" on vine!
SNAPCHAT 'whalewatchmeplz' and 'pixelmitch'
Send us stuff!
ASAPSCIENCE INC.
P.O. Box 93, Toronto P
Toronto, ON, M5S2S6
------------------------------------------
Written, Directed, Produced, Edited and Sung by Mitchell Moffit.
Based on the "Can-Can" music, by Offenbach.
LYRICS:
There's Hydrogen and Helium
Then Lithium, Beryllium
Boron, Carbon everywhere
Nitrogen all through the air
With Oxygen so you can breathe
And Fluorine for your pretty teeth
Neon to light up the signs
Sodium for salty times
Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon
Phosphorus, then Sulfur, Chlorine and Argon
Potassium, and Calcium so you'll grow strong
Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium and Chromium and Manganese
CHORUS
This is the Periodic Table
Noble gas is stable
Halogens and Alkali react agressively
Each period will see new outer shells
While electrons are added moving to the right
Iron is the 26th
Then Cobalt, Nickel coins you get
Copper, Zinc and Gallium
Germanium and Arsenic
Selenium and Bromine film
While Krypton helps light up your room
Rubidium and Strontium then Yttrium, Zirconium
Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium
Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium
Silver-ware then Cadmium and Indium
Tin-cans, Antimony then Tellurium and Iodine and Xenon and then Caesium and...
Barium is 56 and this is where the table splits
Where Lanthanides have just begun
Lanthanum, Cerium and Praseodymium
Neodymium's next too
Promethium, then 62's
Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium and Terbium
Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium
Ytterbium, Lutetium
Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten then we're on to
Rhenium, Osmium and IridiumPlatinum, Gold to make you rich till you grow old
Mercury to tell you when it's really cold
Thallium and Lead then Bismuth for your tummy
Polonium, Astatine would not be yummy
Radon, Francium will last a little time
Radium then Actinides at 89
REPEAT CHORUS
Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium
Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium
Americium, Curium, Berkelium
Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium
Mendelevium, Nobelium, Lawrencium
Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium
Bohrium, Hassium then Meitnerium
Darmstadtium, Roentgenium, Copernicium
Nihonium, Flerovium
Moscovium, Livermorium
Tennessine and Oganesson
And then we're done!!

The COMPLETE Periodic Table!
Check out http://asapscience.com for more
iTunes http://bit.ly/asaptable
Bandcamp: https://asapscience.bandcamp.com/track/the-updated-periodic-table-song-2018
In celebration of National Periodic Table Day, here is our song updated with the 4 newly named elements!
https://www.asapscience.com/
FOLLOW US!
Instagram and Twitter: @whalewatchmeplz and @mitchellmoffit
Clickable: http://bit.ly/16F1jeC and http://bit.ly/15J7ube
AsapINSTAGRAM: https://instagram.com/asapscience/
Facebook: http://facebook.com/AsapSCIENCE
Twitter: http://twitter.com/AsapSCIENCE
Tumblr: http://asapscience.tumblr.com
Vine: Search "AsapSCIENCE" on vine!
SNAPCHAT 'whalewatchmeplz' and 'pixelmitch'
Send us stuff!
ASAPSCIENCE INC.
P.O. Box 93, Toronto P
Toronto, ON, M5S2S6
------------------------------------------
Written, Directed, Produced, Edited and Sung by Mitchell Moffit.
Based on the "Can-Can" music, by Offenbach.
LYRICS:
There's Hydrogen and Helium
Then Lithium, Beryllium
Boron, Carbon everywhere
Nitrogen all through the air
With Oxygen so you can breathe
And Fluorine for your pretty teeth
Neon to light up the signs
Sodium for salty times
Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon
Phosphorus, then Sulfur, Chlorine and Argon
Potassium, and Calcium so you'll grow strong
Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium and Chromium and Manganese
CHORUS
This is the Periodic Table
Noble gas is stable
Halogens and Alkali react agressively
Each period will see new outer shells
While electrons are added moving to the right
Iron is the 26th
Then Cobalt, Nickel coins you get
Copper, Zinc and Gallium
Germanium and Arsenic
Selenium and Bromine film
While Krypton helps light up your room
Rubidium and Strontium then Yttrium, Zirconium
Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium
Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium
Silver-ware then Cadmium and Indium
Tin-cans, Antimony then Tellurium and Iodine and Xenon and then Caesium and...
Barium is 56 and this is where the table splits
Where Lanthanides have just begun
Lanthanum, Cerium and Praseodymium
Neodymium's next too
Promethium, then 62's
Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium and Terbium
Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium
Ytterbium, Lutetium
Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten then we're on to
Rhenium, Osmium and IridiumPlatinum, Gold to make you rich till you grow old
Mercury to tell you when it's really cold
Thallium and Lead then Bismuth for your tummy
Polonium, Astatine would not be yummy
Radon, Francium will last a little time
Radium then Actinides at 89
REPEAT CHORUS
Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium
Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium
Americium, Curium, Berkelium
Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium
Mendelevium, Nobelium, Lawrencium
Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium
Bohrium, Hassium then Meitnerium
Darmstadtium, Roentgenium, Copernicium
Nihonium, Flerovium
Moscovium, Livermorium
Tennessine and Oganesson
And then we're done!!

This week Reactions takes a look at how science and chemistry is helping to create man-made elements. Particle accelerators have the ability to create new elements, but have we hit a point where we've found all the elements? Isotopes, physics, and particle accelerators, oh my!
Find us on all these places:
Subscribe! http://bit.ly/ACSReactions
Facebook! http://facebook.com/ACSReactions
Twitter! http://twitter.com/ACSReactions
Tumblr! http://tumblr.com/ACSReactions
Sam Leopard - Back for More
JD PigsProducer:
Elaine Seward
Writer:
Sam Lemonick
Executive Producer:
Adam Dylewski
Scientific consultants:
Dawn Shaughnessy, Ph.D.
Darcy Gentleman, Ph.D.
Kyle Nackers
Sources:
https://iupac.org/iupac-is-naming-the-four-new-elements-nihonium-moscovium-tennessine-and-oganesson/
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/confirmation-of-four-new-elements-completes-seventh-row-of-periodic-table-/9312.article
http://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i2/Seventh-Row-Periodic-Table-Complete.html
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EAM2UvObJQuy3UCEe3-Ilc3fSJwx1Tvs9-yMHrzpVcY/edit?usp=sharing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItrYpHsymfI
https://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/perhist.htm
http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/history
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092640X12000848
Ever wonder why dogs sniff each others' butts? Or how Adderall works? Or whether it's OK to pee in the pool? We've got you covered: Reactions a web series about the chemistry that surrounds you every day.
Reactions is produced by the American Chemical Society.

This week Reactions takes a look at how science and chemistry is helping to create man-made elements. Particle accelerators have the ability to create new elements, but have we hit a point where we've found all the elements? Isotopes, physics, and particle accelerators, oh my!
Find us on all these places:
Subscribe! http://bit.ly/ACSReactions
Facebook! http://facebook.com/ACSReactions
Twitter! http://twitter.com/ACSReactions
Tumblr! http://tumblr.com/ACSReactions
Sam Leopard - Back for More
JD PigsProducer:
Elaine Seward
Writer:
Sam Lemonick
Executive Producer:
Adam Dylewski
Scientific consultants:
Dawn Shaughnessy, Ph.D.
Darcy Gentleman, Ph.D.
Kyle Nackers
Sources:
https://iupac.org/iupac-is-naming-the-four-new-elements-nihonium-moscovium-tennessine-and-oganesson/
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/confirmation-of-four-new-elements-completes-seventh-row-of-periodic-table-/9312.article
http://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i2/Seventh-Row-Periodic-Table-Complete.html
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EAM2UvObJQuy3UCEe3-Ilc3fSJwx1Tvs9-yMHrzpVcY/edit?usp=sharing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItrYpHsymfI
https://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/perhist.htm
http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/history
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092640X12000848
Ever wonder why dogs sniff each others' butts? Or how Adderall works? Or whether it's OK to pee in the pool? We've got you covered: Reactions a web series about the chemistry that surrounds you every day.
Reactions is produced by the American Chemical Society.

Top 10 Most Expensive Elements on Earth !!

Chemical elements are building blocks of everything we see around us. There are 118 recognized elements, 94 of which occur naturally including iron, silver and ...

Chemical elements are building blocks of everything we see around us. There are 118 recognized elements, 94 of which occur naturally including iron, silver and gold, while others are synthetic, some examples of which are curium and californium. This list contains 10 earth elements that are extremely rare, and some of them have demand in the market, which makes them some of the most expensive elements on the planet.
10. Gold : $56 per gram
Gold is one of the most widely known and used elements in the world, especially in jewelry. Almost every ancient civilization on earth considered this metal to be valuable. Science, it also proves that some of the characteristics of gold makes it perfect for electronic use, though high cost is the biggest hurdle to use it in wires. So, we’re stuck with cheaper and inferior alternatives.
In the purest form gold is a bright, slightly reddish, soft, malleable, and ductile metal.
9. Rhodium — $58 per gram
Rhodium Most ExpensiveElements
The major use of rhodium is in automobiles. It is used as a catalysts in the three-way catalytic converters. The biggest quality of this metal is its inert behavior against corrosion and most aggressive chemicals. The rhodium is also used in jewelry. Particularly, as a thin plating on white gold to improve its appearance, and sterling silver is often rhodium-plated for tarnish resistance.
8. Platinum — $60 per gram
Platinum is yet another extremely low reactive metal. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures. Due to its rarity, only few hundred tonnes are produced annually. Other than being used as jewelry, it has several practical application in various different fields such as automobiles, dentistry and even medicine.
7. Lanthanum – $64 per gram
Lanthanum is silvery-white metallic element. It is soft enough that you can literally cut it with a knife. It is also one of the rare earth metals, in the pure it isn’t quite useful. However, its compounds have numerous applications across various fields. It is used as catalysts, carbon arc lamps for studio lights and projectors, ignition elements in lighters and torches, electron cathodes, scintillators, GTAW electrodes, and other things. But due to the rarity the cost of this element is quite high.
6. Lutetium – $69 per gram
Lutetium is also counted among rare earth metals. But unlike lanthanum, lutetium has very few commercial uses. However, stable lutetium can be used as catalysts in petroleum cracking in refineries and can also be used in alkylation, hydrogenation, and polymerization applications.
5. Scandium – $270 per gram
Scandium is another rare earth metal that has high price due to rarity. It was observed in 1970s that scandium effects positively on aluminum alloys. To this day its use in such alloys remains its only major application. The global trade of scandium oxide is about 10 tonnes per year, and costs at least $270 per gram.
4. Plutonium — $4,000 per gram
The major use of plutonium as you might know is in nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors. Both plutonium-239 and plutonium-241 are fissile, meaning that they can sustain a nuclear chain reaction. Plutonium is highly radioactive which makes it extremely dangerous to handle. However, if you’re still willing to buy this element expect to pay at least $4000 per gram.
3. Carbon – $65,00 per gram
Carbon is one of the most essential elements for life. Although a large amount of it is present in all of our bodies, and things like coal and graphite aren’t expensive as we all know. But if carbon atoms arranged in certain order it can have an extremely high value. In the form of diamond, carbon can cost you as much as $65,000 for one gram.
2. Californium — $25-27 million per gram
This element was first developed in 1950 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, by bombarding curium with alpha particles. Since then only few gram of it has been produced. The estimated cost of one gram californium is about $27 million, which make perfect sense considering the fact that the global production of californium is half gram per year.
1. Francium – $1 billion per gram
Francium
Although one gram of francium has never been observed. Because The half life of this element is about 22 minutes, which means any viewable quantity of the element would immediately vaporize. But it is assumed that francium would appear as a highly reactive metal.
The largest amount of this element that has ever been produced in the laboratory was a cluster of more than 300,000 atoms. If someone want to buy one gram of it, he can expect to pay at least few billion dollars.
Thanks For watching
Please Subscribe For new Vidos
And Stray with us with ___
Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/Top-Tube-1665086733713915/
Twitter
https://twitter.com/TopTube5
tumblr
http://top--tube.tumblr.com/
Reddit
https://www.reddit.com/user/Top_Tube/

Chemical elements are building blocks of everything we see around us. There are 118 recognized elements, 94 of which occur naturally including iron, silver and gold, while others are synthetic, some examples of which are curium and californium. This list contains 10 earth elements that are extremely rare, and some of them have demand in the market, which makes them some of the most expensive elements on the planet.
10. Gold : $56 per gram
Gold is one of the most widely known and used elements in the world, especially in jewelry. Almost every ancient civilization on earth considered this metal to be valuable. Science, it also proves that some of the characteristics of gold makes it perfect for electronic use, though high cost is the biggest hurdle to use it in wires. So, we’re stuck with cheaper and inferior alternatives.
In the purest form gold is a bright, slightly reddish, soft, malleable, and ductile metal.
9. Rhodium — $58 per gram
Rhodium Most ExpensiveElements
The major use of rhodium is in automobiles. It is used as a catalysts in the three-way catalytic converters. The biggest quality of this metal is its inert behavior against corrosion and most aggressive chemicals. The rhodium is also used in jewelry. Particularly, as a thin plating on white gold to improve its appearance, and sterling silver is often rhodium-plated for tarnish resistance.
8. Platinum — $60 per gram
Platinum is yet another extremely low reactive metal. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures. Due to its rarity, only few hundred tonnes are produced annually. Other than being used as jewelry, it has several practical application in various different fields such as automobiles, dentistry and even medicine.
7. Lanthanum – $64 per gram
Lanthanum is silvery-white metallic element. It is soft enough that you can literally cut it with a knife. It is also one of the rare earth metals, in the pure it isn’t quite useful. However, its compounds have numerous applications across various fields. It is used as catalysts, carbon arc lamps for studio lights and projectors, ignition elements in lighters and torches, electron cathodes, scintillators, GTAW electrodes, and other things. But due to the rarity the cost of this element is quite high.
6. Lutetium – $69 per gram
Lutetium is also counted among rare earth metals. But unlike lanthanum, lutetium has very few commercial uses. However, stable lutetium can be used as catalysts in petroleum cracking in refineries and can also be used in alkylation, hydrogenation, and polymerization applications.
5. Scandium – $270 per gram
Scandium is another rare earth metal that has high price due to rarity. It was observed in 1970s that scandium effects positively on aluminum alloys. To this day its use in such alloys remains its only major application. The global trade of scandium oxide is about 10 tonnes per year, and costs at least $270 per gram.
4. Plutonium — $4,000 per gram
The major use of plutonium as you might know is in nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors. Both plutonium-239 and plutonium-241 are fissile, meaning that they can sustain a nuclear chain reaction. Plutonium is highly radioactive which makes it extremely dangerous to handle. However, if you’re still willing to buy this element expect to pay at least $4000 per gram.
3. Carbon – $65,00 per gram
Carbon is one of the most essential elements for life. Although a large amount of it is present in all of our bodies, and things like coal and graphite aren’t expensive as we all know. But if carbon atoms arranged in certain order it can have an extremely high value. In the form of diamond, carbon can cost you as much as $65,000 for one gram.
2. Californium — $25-27 million per gram
This element was first developed in 1950 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, by bombarding curium with alpha particles. Since then only few gram of it has been produced. The estimated cost of one gram californium is about $27 million, which make perfect sense considering the fact that the global production of californium is half gram per year.
1. Francium – $1 billion per gram
Francium
Although one gram of francium has never been observed. Because The half life of this element is about 22 minutes, which means any viewable quantity of the element would immediately vaporize. But it is assumed that francium would appear as a highly reactive metal.
The largest amount of this element that has ever been produced in the laboratory was a cluster of more than 300,000 atoms. If someone want to buy one gram of it, he can expect to pay at least few billion dollars.
Thanks For watching
Please Subscribe For new Vidos
And Stray with us with ___
Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/Top-Tube-1665086733713915/
Twitter
https://twitter.com/TopTube5
tumblr
http://top--tube.tumblr.com/
Reddit
https://www.reddit.com/user/Top_Tube/

Original by Gorillaz
You can buy my albums or singles here:
DIRECT FROM ME (LOSSLESS)
► http://bit.ly/2usJ3lq
ITUNES ► http://apple.co/1Lni4PR
AMAZON ► http://amzn.to/1U2rqUa
GOOGLEPLAY ► http://bit.ly/1SOd6Nx
How to play this song on guitar here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVfUCEAdPeg
How to play this song on guitar here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVfUCEAdPeg
FrogLeap Studios Merchandise here:
US ► http://bit.ly/1qZ64KP
EU ► http://bit.ly/1NXI3Zz
Become a Patreon and get all the songs and support me doing more music covers:
http://www.patreon.com/frogleapstudios
►Gear I use:
Chapman Guitars: http://www.chapmanguitars.co.uk
Microphone: http://amzn.to/2s4GTGY
StudioGuitar Amp: http://amzn.to/2t3WifM
Guitar Strings: http://amzn.to/2sKOXyC
MainCamera: http://amzn.to/2sKGLyh
Camera Lens: http://amzn.to/2s4VD8S
Camera Lens Wide: http://amzn.to/2rLAwZP
Guitar & drum camera: http://amzn.to/2s4YbE3
Attach it with this: http://amzn.to/2s4YkHrDrone: http://amzn.to/2t44z32
Toontrack: https://www.toontrack.com
Ortega Guitars: http://ortegaguitars.com
Hi there, my name is Leo and I run a studio on the westside of Norway where I record and produce bands, do video work and play live shows.
On my youtube channel there is lots of videos with covers, gear reviews , studio updates and other shenaningans.
For my covers I play everything myself as well as record, mix, master, shoot and edit the music & videos.
Please subscribe if you like what you see/hear and I am forever gratefull to everyone who buys songs so I can keep doing this as a living.
I do not add people I dont know on my personal facebook page, so please follow these links which are my "fan" pages:
Youtube ► http://youtube.com/leolego
Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/FrogLeapStudios
Twitter ► https://twitter.com/FrogLeapStudios
Instagram ► https://instagram.com/frogleapstudios
Website ► http://frogleapstudios.com
For business Inquiries:
frogleapstudios@gmail.com

Original by Gorillaz
You can buy my albums or singles here:
DIRECT FROM ME (LOSSLESS)
► http://bit.ly/2usJ3lq
ITUNES ► http://apple.co/1Lni4PR
AMAZON ► http://amzn.to/1U2rqUa
GOOGLEPLAY ► http://bit.ly/1SOd6Nx
How to play this song on guitar here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVfUCEAdPeg
How to play this song on guitar here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVfUCEAdPeg
FrogLeap Studios Merchandise here:
US ► http://bit.ly/1qZ64KP
EU ► http://bit.ly/1NXI3Zz
Become a Patreon and get all the songs and support me doing more music covers:
http://www.patreon.com/frogleapstudios
►Gear I use:
Chapman Guitars: http://www.chapmanguitars.co.uk
Microphone: http://amzn.to/2s4GTGY
StudioGuitar Amp: http://amzn.to/2t3WifM
Guitar Strings: http://amzn.to/2sKOXyC
MainCamera: http://amzn.to/2sKGLyh
Camera Lens: http://amzn.to/2s4VD8S
Camera Lens Wide: http://amzn.to/2rLAwZP
Guitar & drum camera: http://amzn.to/2s4YbE3
Attach it with this: http://amzn.to/2s4YkHrDrone: http://amzn.to/2t44z32
Toontrack: https://www.toontrack.com
Ortega Guitars: http://ortegaguitars.com
Hi there, my name is Leo and I run a studio on the westside of Norway where I record and produce bands, do video work and play live shows.
On my youtube channel there is lots of videos with covers, gear reviews , studio updates and other shenaningans.
For my covers I play everything myself as well as record, mix, master, shoot and edit the music & videos.
Please subscribe if you like what you see/hear and I am forever gratefull to everyone who buys songs so I can keep doing this as a living.
I do not add people I dont know on my personal facebook page, so please follow these links which are my "fan" pages:
Youtube ► http://youtube.com/leolego
Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/FrogLeapStudios
Twitter ► https://twitter.com/FrogLeapStudios
Instagram ► https://instagram.com/frogleapstudios
Website ► http://frogleapstudios.com
For business Inquiries:
frogleapstudios@gmail.com

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill for new deposits and find more environmentally friendly ways of processing the materials. A fascinating glimpse at cutting-edge research that could make our green technologies of the future even greener.
FirstBroadcast in 2013. Content Provided By Java Films. Any queries, contact us at hello@littledotstudios.com
Subscribe to Spark for more amazing science, tech and engineering videos - https://goo.gl/LIrlur

published: 23 Jun 2017

Secrets of the Super Elements

published: 26 Jul 2017

National Security, Rare Earth Elements & The Thorium Problem

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think this [mining] company is supplying the U.S. value chain, [and] is supplying the military. It is in-fact, the opposite. They are part of the Chinese monopoly. They're taking powder and shipping it to China, and it comes back as a magnet, or an alloy, or a bolt-on component." - Jim Kennedy
To address this issue, contact your legislators to support H.R.4883 https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
Why can't Molycorp, Lynas or any other 'western' rare earth company succeed?
China's production and market advantage in Rare Earth Elements (REE) is largely the result of NRC and IAEA "SourceMaterial" regulations with unintende...

Rare earth elements: Simple commodity or strategic vulnerability?

Rare earths are a group of 17 elements with unique chemical, magnetic and luminescent properties crucial for the functioning of much of today’s high technology equipment, including MRIs, lap-top computers, hybrid vehicles and LEDs. They also have important applications in the defence industry.
China is the dominant supplier of rare earth elements (REEs), meeting at least 85% of global demand. In 2010, REEs were splashed across the front pages of newspapers when
it significantly reduced rare earth export quotas and temporarily suspended their shipment to Japan. Consumers quickly recognised that diversity of reliable supply is just as
important as price and quality, and there is a concerted effort to replace, reduce and recycle REEs. So are REEs best understood as simple commodities, or as...

Can humans live forever? This scientist thinks it's possible. SAN FRANCISCO — Can modern medicine find a way to delay or even stop the aging process of the .
SuperElements are rare earth elements or rare earth metals behind modern technology. So far, China has kind of monopoly on these rare metals and rare .
During this webinar, alternative health expert Gary Null, Ph.D. reveals the incredible secrets to reversing the aging process. He explains the concept of .
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (

published: 05 Sep 2017

Rare Earth Elements [CSIS]

Extract of the Center Of Strategic & International Studies Vidéos
What do the recent market developments mean for the rare earths industry? How should the United States respond to the changing market trends? What are the implications for the cleantech manufacturing sector?
http://www.globalmetalbroker.com gives you the chance to know more and invest on the Rare Earth Elements.

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill...

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill for new deposits and find more environmentally friendly ways of processing the materials. A fascinating glimpse at cutting-edge research that could make our green technologies of the future even greener.
FirstBroadcast in 2013. Content Provided By Java Films. Any queries, contact us at hello@littledotstudios.com
Subscribe to Spark for more amazing science, tech and engineering videos - https://goo.gl/LIrlur

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill for new deposits and find more environmentally friendly ways of processing the materials. A fascinating glimpse at cutting-edge research that could make our green technologies of the future even greener.
FirstBroadcast in 2013. Content Provided By Java Films. Any queries, contact us at hello@littledotstudios.com
Subscribe to Spark for more amazing science, tech and engineering videos - https://goo.gl/LIrlur

National Security, Rare Earth Elements & The Thorium Problem

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think ...

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think this [mining] company is supplying the U.S. value chain, [and] is supplying the military. It is in-fact, the opposite. They are part of the Chinese monopoly. They're taking powder and shipping it to China, and it comes back as a magnet, or an alloy, or a bolt-on component." - Jim Kennedy
To address this issue, contact your legislators to support H.R.4883 https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
Why can't Molycorp, Lynas or any other 'western' rare earth company succeed?
China's production and market advantage in Rare Earth Elements (REE) is largely the result of NRC and IAEA "SourceMaterial" regulations with unintended consequences.
Source Material: Materials containing any ratio or combination of Thorium and Uranium above .05%. Producing or holding these materials within the regulatory threshold (.05%) requires extensive and wide-ranging licensing, storage, transportation, remediation disposal and compliance costs, including prohibitive liability and bonding issues. Consequently any potential supplier of byproduct / co-product rare earth resources that would be designated as "source material' disposes of these valuable resources to avoid liability and compliance issues.
NRC / IAEA regulations regarding "Source Material" played a key roll in undermining the economic viability of all 'western' rare earth producers and are a critical factor in China's current 'market advantage'. Producers like Molycorp and Lynas, with low Thorium deposits, can never compete with China.
Resources are abundant and available: U.S mining companies currently mine as much as 50% of global Rare Earth Elements demand every year. But these resources are diverted in tailings lakes or are redistributed back into the host ore body, due to NRC and IAEA regulations defining Monazite and other Thorium bearing rare earth resources as "Source Material".
H.R. 4883 would solve the "Thorium Problem" by creating a federally chartered multinational Thorium Energy and Industrial Products Corporation ("Thorium Bank"). Privately funded and operated, this would decouple thorium from rare earth production. The Thorium Corporation would also have Congressional Authority to develop Thorium energy systems and industrial products. Environmental regulations are not scaled back... rather this enables thorium to be stored safely & securely, rather then being treated as "waste".
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
H.R. 4883 thus also addresses the U.S. Weapons Systems current 100% Dependency on China for Rare Earths.
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/downloads/TEAC6/USWeaponsChinese.pdfFederal Legislation governing Strategic Materials, 10 USC 2533b, does not specify rare earths, but includes metal alloys containing limited amounts of manganese, silicon, copper, or aluminum, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, nickel and iron-nickel, cobalt, Titanium and Zirconium alloys. Federal Regulations require that these materials be melted in the U.S. Most of these materials are utilized in rare earth alloys, magnets and components in the defense industry.
The bill does NOT reclassify thorium. It does NOT alter current environmental protection. It simply resolves "The Thorium Problem" which cripples United States domestic rare earth mining, processing and value-adding processes.
Source Footage:
Jim Kennedy @ IAEA: http://youtu.be/fLR39sT_bTs
Jim Kennedy interview @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/Dih30mUexrA
Jim Kennedy Talk @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/CARlEac1iuA
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/z7qfOnMzP9Y
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC4: http://youtu.be/J16IpITWBQ8
John Kutsch @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/MgRn4g7a068

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think this [mining] company is supplying the U.S. value chain, [and] is supplying the military. It is in-fact, the opposite. They are part of the Chinese monopoly. They're taking powder and shipping it to China, and it comes back as a magnet, or an alloy, or a bolt-on component." - Jim Kennedy
To address this issue, contact your legislators to support H.R.4883 https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
Why can't Molycorp, Lynas or any other 'western' rare earth company succeed?
China's production and market advantage in Rare Earth Elements (REE) is largely the result of NRC and IAEA "SourceMaterial" regulations with unintended consequences.
Source Material: Materials containing any ratio or combination of Thorium and Uranium above .05%. Producing or holding these materials within the regulatory threshold (.05%) requires extensive and wide-ranging licensing, storage, transportation, remediation disposal and compliance costs, including prohibitive liability and bonding issues. Consequently any potential supplier of byproduct / co-product rare earth resources that would be designated as "source material' disposes of these valuable resources to avoid liability and compliance issues.
NRC / IAEA regulations regarding "Source Material" played a key roll in undermining the economic viability of all 'western' rare earth producers and are a critical factor in China's current 'market advantage'. Producers like Molycorp and Lynas, with low Thorium deposits, can never compete with China.
Resources are abundant and available: U.S mining companies currently mine as much as 50% of global Rare Earth Elements demand every year. But these resources are diverted in tailings lakes or are redistributed back into the host ore body, due to NRC and IAEA regulations defining Monazite and other Thorium bearing rare earth resources as "Source Material".
H.R. 4883 would solve the "Thorium Problem" by creating a federally chartered multinational Thorium Energy and Industrial Products Corporation ("Thorium Bank"). Privately funded and operated, this would decouple thorium from rare earth production. The Thorium Corporation would also have Congressional Authority to develop Thorium energy systems and industrial products. Environmental regulations are not scaled back... rather this enables thorium to be stored safely & securely, rather then being treated as "waste".
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
H.R. 4883 thus also addresses the U.S. Weapons Systems current 100% Dependency on China for Rare Earths.
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/downloads/TEAC6/USWeaponsChinese.pdfFederal Legislation governing Strategic Materials, 10 USC 2533b, does not specify rare earths, but includes metal alloys containing limited amounts of manganese, silicon, copper, or aluminum, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, nickel and iron-nickel, cobalt, Titanium and Zirconium alloys. Federal Regulations require that these materials be melted in the U.S. Most of these materials are utilized in rare earth alloys, magnets and components in the defense industry.
The bill does NOT reclassify thorium. It does NOT alter current environmental protection. It simply resolves "The Thorium Problem" which cripples United States domestic rare earth mining, processing and value-adding processes.
Source Footage:
Jim Kennedy @ IAEA: http://youtu.be/fLR39sT_bTs
Jim Kennedy interview @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/Dih30mUexrA
Jim Kennedy Talk @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/CARlEac1iuA
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/z7qfOnMzP9Y
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC4: http://youtu.be/J16IpITWBQ8
John Kutsch @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/MgRn4g7a068

Rare earth elements: Simple commodity or strategic vulnerability?

Rare earths are a group of 17 elements with unique chemical, magnetic and luminescent properties crucial for the functioning of much of today’s high technology ...

Rare earths are a group of 17 elements with unique chemical, magnetic and luminescent properties crucial for the functioning of much of today’s high technology equipment, including MRIs, lap-top computers, hybrid vehicles and LEDs. They also have important applications in the defence industry.
China is the dominant supplier of rare earth elements (REEs), meeting at least 85% of global demand. In 2010, REEs were splashed across the front pages of newspapers when
it significantly reduced rare earth export quotas and temporarily suspended their shipment to Japan. Consumers quickly recognised that diversity of reliable supply is just as
important as price and quality, and there is a concerted effort to replace, reduce and recycle REEs. So are REEs best understood as simple commodities, or as strategic resources that can be
used as tools of statecraft? And can Australia play a part in the development of alternative reliable sources of rare earths?
To help understand the strategic importance of REEs the
National SecurityCollege and Crawford School of Public Policy welcome two global experts in the field.

Rare earths are a group of 17 elements with unique chemical, magnetic and luminescent properties crucial for the functioning of much of today’s high technology equipment, including MRIs, lap-top computers, hybrid vehicles and LEDs. They also have important applications in the defence industry.
China is the dominant supplier of rare earth elements (REEs), meeting at least 85% of global demand. In 2010, REEs were splashed across the front pages of newspapers when
it significantly reduced rare earth export quotas and temporarily suspended their shipment to Japan. Consumers quickly recognised that diversity of reliable supply is just as
important as price and quality, and there is a concerted effort to replace, reduce and recycle REEs. So are REEs best understood as simple commodities, or as strategic resources that can be
used as tools of statecraft? And can Australia play a part in the development of alternative reliable sources of rare earths?
To help understand the strategic importance of REEs the
National SecurityCollege and Crawford School of Public Policy welcome two global experts in the field.

Can humans live forever? This scientist thinks it's possible. SAN FRANCISCO — Can modern medicine find a way to delay or even stop the aging process of the .
...

Can humans live forever? This scientist thinks it's possible. SAN FRANCISCO — Can modern medicine find a way to delay or even stop the aging process of the .
SuperElements are rare earth elements or rare earth metals behind modern technology. So far, China has kind of monopoly on these rare metals and rare .
During this webinar, alternative health expert Gary Null, Ph.D. reveals the incredible secrets to reversing the aging process. He explains the concept of .
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (

Can humans live forever? This scientist thinks it's possible. SAN FRANCISCO — Can modern medicine find a way to delay or even stop the aging process of the .
SuperElements are rare earth elements or rare earth metals behind modern technology. So far, China has kind of monopoly on these rare metals and rare .
During this webinar, alternative health expert Gary Null, Ph.D. reveals the incredible secrets to reversing the aging process. He explains the concept of .
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (

Extract of the Center Of Strategic & International Studies Vidéos
What do the recent market developments mean for the rare earths industry? How should the United States respond to the changing market trends? What are the implications for the cleantech manufacturing sector?
http://www.globalmetalbroker.com gives you the chance to know more and invest on the Rare Earth Elements.

Extract of the Center Of Strategic & International Studies Vidéos
What do the recent market developments mean for the rare earths industry? How should the United States respond to the changing market trends? What are the implications for the cleantech manufacturing sector?
http://www.globalmetalbroker.com gives you the chance to know more and invest on the Rare Earth Elements.

Insight: Rare–earth metals

Did you know the smooth running of almost every piece of technology you use - is down to something called a rare-earth metal? The Insight team ask why a monopolised market is causing global concern.
Subscribe: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7fWeaHhqgM4Ry-RMpM2YYw?sub_confirmation=1
Livestream: http://www.youtube.com/c/trtworld/live
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TRTWorld
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TRTWorld
Visit our website: http://www.trtworld.com/

3:18

Why We Need Rare Earth Elements

Rare earth elements are crucial to the technology around us - they're in phones, computers...

Why We Need Rare Earth Elements

Rare earth elements are crucial to the technology around us - they're in phones, computers, tvs, and hybrid cars. Why are they so important? Any why are they so difficult to mine? Anthony takes a look.
Read More:
"Japan finds rich rare earth deposits on seabed"
http://uk.news.yahoo.com/japan-finds-rich-rare-earth-deposits-seabed-114659686.html#SvZ1Dq2
"Japanese researchers said Thursday they have found a rich deposit of rare earths on the Pacific seabed, with reports suggesting it could be up to 30 times more concentrated than Chinese reserves."
"4 Rare Earth Elements That Will Only Get More Important"
http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/engineering/news/important-rare-earth-elements#slide-1
"Lithium is lionized. Silicon has a whole valley named after it. But what about the silent heroes of modern technology?"
"What are 'rare earths' used for?"
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-17357863
""Rare earths" are a group of 17 chemically similar elements crucial to the manufacture of many hi-tech products."
DNews is a show about the science of everyday life. We post two new videos every day of the week.
Watch More
http://www.youtube.com/dnewschannel
Subscribe
http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzWQYUVCpZqtN93H8RR44Qw?sub_confirmation=1
DNews Twitter
https://twitter.com/dnews
Anthony Carboni Twitter:
https://twitter.com/acarboni
Laci Green Twitter
https://twitter.com/gogreen18
Trace Dominguez Twitter
https://twitter.com/trace501
DNews Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/DNews
DNews Google+
https://plus.google.com/u/0/106194964544004197170/posts
DNews Website
http://discoverynews.com/

Thulium - The RAREST AMONG THE RARE Earth Metals!

Thanks for the thulium: http://onyxmet.com/
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
Do not repeat the experiments shown in this video!
So, today I will tell you about the rarest among the so-called rare earth metals - thulium, however absurd it may sound, the rarest among the rare.
And yes, with the city of Tula this metal is not connected in any way, unless the Tula gingerbread actually contains lanthanides. Nonetheless, in the periodic table the metal thulium is indeed featured in the row of those lanthanides, under the number 69. Thulium is very difficult to obtain, as only one part of this metal can be found in 100 trillion pieces of the earth's crust. Even the famous scientist Charles James needed to go through about 15,000 purification steps in order to get a more or less pure thulium bromate from an ore, the role of which can be taken by gadolinite or, for example, monazite. Many of you may have noticed that in almost all of the videos about lanthanides I mention all the same minerals and it's not just a coincidence.
The fact is that often in such minerals one can find a whole gallery of lanthanide compounds that often accompany each other in natural sources and show the same chemical properties due to the similar structure of the electron shell. So it is not that easy to separate them from each other. By the way, approximately 80% of all the lanthanide deposits are located in China, as is the production of compounds from these elements. But let's return to thulium. From the outside this element looks like a shiny metal, resistant to oxidation in air. This piece of Thulium was made back in the year 1990, and since that time it almost did not oxidize. Because of its rarity, thulium now has a fairly high price, for 10 grams you may pay above $100. What’s also of interest is the structure of this Thulium sample, consisting of the so-called metal dendrites obtained by sublimation of a metal in a vacuum. According to its chemical properties, thulium hardly differs from other lanthanides, although in comparison with, say, neodymium, thulium is less active. This element also dissolves well in hydrochloric acid where it forms thulium chloride - a substance with a slightly greenish tinge. The same unusual green color can be seen in the sparks of burning thulium in air, which is quite unusual, since the sparks of other lanthanides are usually white. When the metal thulium burns in air, an oxide of this metal is formed. Nowadays, thulium compounds are added to phosphors, which allow them to glow in the ultraviolet in blue color, this property is used for the protection of euro banknotes from counterfeiters. Thulium compounds are added to the ink for the notes which under the ultraviolet light makes those particles glow in blue. The common properties of thulium with the other lanthanide metals can be seen from the behavior of thulium chloride in the presence of vanadates or tungstates, when the solutions of these substances come into contact, the insoluble precipitates of thulium compounds form. On the application, the non-radioactive isotope of thulium 169 finds its place in the manufacture of lasers used in surgery. For example, a solid-state laser using aluminum-yttrium garnet with thulium impurities is used to treat prostatitis and remove tumors. Though a more interesting application finds the radioactive isotope thulium 170, that emits a soft gamma, it is used in the production of compact sources of X-ray radiation which are used for obtaining dental images, and in searching for microcracks in mechanical and electronic devices. The miniature thulium devices are suitable for X-ray diagnostics in the tissues and organs that are difficult, and sometimes impossible to scan, with the conventional X-ray machines. With the help of thulium 170 absolutely inconspicuous letters and symbolic signs were found on the bronze lining of the Assyrian helmet of the 9th century BC.
The helmet was wrapped in film and was shined through from within with soft gamma rays of thulium. On the developed film what appeared was the worn-out signs ... The only drawback of such devices is that the isotope thulium 170 is quite expensive, and has a half-life of about 170 days, meaning devices using this isotope are short-lived.
Due to its rarity and high price, thulium is currently not so widespread in application as the other lanthanides, but in the end it can be said that this metal is quite unique, the rarest among the rare.

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill for new deposits and find more environmentally friendly ways of processing the materials. A fascinating glimpse at cutting-edge research that could make our green technologies of the future even greener.
FirstBroadcast in 2013. Content Provided By Java Films. Any queries, contact us at hello@littledotstudios.com
Subscribe to Spark for more amazing science, tech and engineering videos - https://goo.gl/LIrlur

National Security, Rare Earth Elements & The Thorium Problem

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think this [mining] company is supplying the U.S. value chain, [and] is supplying the military. It is in-fact, the opposite. They are part of the Chinese monopoly. They're taking powder and shipping it to China, and it comes back as a magnet, or an alloy, or a bolt-on component." - Jim Kennedy
To address this issue, contact your legislators to support H.R.4883 https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
Why can't Molycorp, Lynas or any other 'western' rare earth company succeed?
China's production and market advantage in Rare Earth Elements (REE) is largely the result of NRC and IAEA "SourceMaterial" regulations with unintended consequences.
Source Material: Materials containing any ratio or combination of Thorium and Uranium above .05%. Producing or holding these materials within the regulatory threshold (.05%) requires extensive and wide-ranging licensing, storage, transportation, remediation disposal and compliance costs, including prohibitive liability and bonding issues. Consequently any potential supplier of byproduct / co-product rare earth resources that would be designated as "source material' disposes of these valuable resources to avoid liability and compliance issues.
NRC / IAEA regulations regarding "Source Material" played a key roll in undermining the economic viability of all 'western' rare earth producers and are a critical factor in China's current 'market advantage'. Producers like Molycorp and Lynas, with low Thorium deposits, can never compete with China.
Resources are abundant and available: U.S mining companies currently mine as much as 50% of global Rare Earth Elements demand every year. But these resources are diverted in tailings lakes or are redistributed back into the host ore body, due to NRC and IAEA regulations defining Monazite and other Thorium bearing rare earth resources as "Source Material".
H.R. 4883 would solve the "Thorium Problem" by creating a federally chartered multinational Thorium Energy and Industrial Products Corporation ("Thorium Bank"). Privately funded and operated, this would decouple thorium from rare earth production. The Thorium Corporation would also have Congressional Authority to develop Thorium energy systems and industrial products. Environmental regulations are not scaled back... rather this enables thorium to be stored safely & securely, rather then being treated as "waste".
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
H.R. 4883 thus also addresses the U.S. Weapons Systems current 100% Dependency on China for Rare Earths.
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/downloads/TEAC6/USWeaponsChinese.pdfFederal Legislation governing Strategic Materials, 10 USC 2533b, does not specify rare earths, but includes metal alloys containing limited amounts of manganese, silicon, copper, or aluminum, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, nickel and iron-nickel, cobalt, Titanium and Zirconium alloys. Federal Regulations require that these materials be melted in the U.S. Most of these materials are utilized in rare earth alloys, magnets and components in the defense industry.
The bill does NOT reclassify thorium. It does NOT alter current environmental protection. It simply resolves "The Thorium Problem" which cripples United States domestic rare earth mining, processing and value-adding processes.
Source Footage:
Jim Kennedy @ IAEA: http://youtu.be/fLR39sT_bTs
Jim Kennedy interview @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/Dih30mUexrA
Jim Kennedy Talk @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/CARlEac1iuA
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/z7qfOnMzP9Y
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC4: http://youtu.be/J16IpITWBQ8
John Kutsch @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/MgRn4g7a068

Iridium - The MOST RARE Metal on Earth!

Chemical Elements: http://www.ebay.com
/usr/novaelementscom?_trksid=p2047675.l2559
NOVAELEMENTS: https://www.novaelements.com/
Mel Science chemical sets: https://goo.gl/SxwFlQ
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/Thoisoi?ty=h
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/thoisoi2
Interesting page about chemical experiments: http://m.chemicum.com/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/thoisoi/
So today I will tell you about the most rare metal on Earth - iridium.
Iridium is a transitional metal, which is located in the middle of the periodic table, below rhodium. If we take a look at the prevalence of all elements in the earth's crust, Iridium holds the last place, that is a billion atoms of all that there is and only one atom of iridium. This metal is 40 times rarer than gold.
In much higher concentrations iridium is found in meteorites and also in the depths of the Earth, in magma. Interestingly enough, in the layers of rock sediments, though more precisely in the formation of clay, that is aged about 66 million years there were found high concentrations of iridium and this can indicate the collision of Earth with a huge meteorite in the past, which in theory was the cause of the death of the dinosaurs. In it’s appearance iridium is a shiny metal that does not oxidize in air.
This metal has almost the highest density of all metals, just 0.12% lower than that of osmium - the most dense metal.
In this tiny tiny metal droplet, which is of the size of a match head, we have 1 gram of iridium. To help you understand how high is the density of iridium, I will show other metals with the same mass for comparison.
Lead, copper, gallium, zinc, magnesium, and the lightest metal - lithium.
The volumes of the first and last metal differ by about 30 times, although their mass is the same. Iridium is also a very hard metal that is firmer than the solid steel in 1.5 (one and a half) times. Iridium, in addition to its rarity is even the most stable metal that does not oxidize in air up to 2000 degrees, and is not soluble in either acid or aqua regia. Iridium can only react with the fluorine at temperatures of about 600 degrees.
Unfortunately, due to the low activity of iridium, I cannot conduct any chemical experiments or have quality reactions with it.
The only thing that I can do is make a fine powder of iridium and set it on fire in the air, but as you can see, in this case iridium dust is burning quite slowly and also requires dispersing it in the air. For the first time on youtube, you can observe a burning iridium. Also, due to the low activity of iridium, the metal does not tarnish in air, even when heated to above 1,000 degrees. The only thing that the drop of iridium got covered with is a partially evaporated ceramic layer, the one that the forceps are made from. Iridium compounds are can be either brown or yellow, such as the complex of Vasca, which is used as a catalyst in organic chemistry.
By the way, Iridium is the only element that can give away 9 electrons and form compounds with +9 (plus nine) oxidation state.
Iridium now finds many uses in science and technology.
In most cases, we will probably find iridium in spark plugs for vehicles, due to the high stability of iridium to oxidation under the influence of electric discharge.
Pure iridium is used for making crucibles for growing single crystals, foil for making non-amalgam cathodes, as well as as a part of the highly resistant to corrosion alloys.
The first standard of mass of one kilogram was created in 1889 using an alloy composition of 90% platinum and 10% iridium and is called the International Prototype Kilogram, it is still kept in the ParisChamber of Weights and Measures.
Now you know more about one more of the elements, if you would like the scientific series of the elements to continue, please subscribe to my channel and also throw in some likes if you can! Thank you for watching.

1:10

The rare earth elements

You'll find them everywhere -- from mobile phones to LED lights and powering wind turbines...

Why It Takes 75 Elements To Make Your Cell Phone

Turns out there are some pretty rare elements in your smartphone. How rare are they and what are they doing in your phone?
Why Does Your PhoneBatterySuck? - https://youtu.be/TkEMPh0cXUw
Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here - http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI
Get 15% off http://www.domain.com domain names and web hosting when you use coupon code DNEWS at checkout!
Read More:
The All-American iPhone
https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601491/the-all-american-iphone/?utm_campaign=add_this&utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=post
"According to King at the Ames Lab, an iPhone has about 75 elements in it-two-thirds of the periodic table. Even just the outside of an iPhone relies heavily on materials that aren't commercially available in the U.S.Aluminum comes from bauxite, and there are no major bauxite mines in the U.S. (Recycled aluminum would have to be the domestic source.)"
For metals of the smartphone age, no Plan B
http://news.yale.edu/2013/12/02/metals-smartphone-age-no-plan-b
"Many of the metals needed to feed the surging global demand for high-tech products, from smart phones to solar panels, cannot be replaced, leaving some markets vulnerable if resources become scarce, according to a new Yale study."
Where to FindRare Earth Elements
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/physics/rare-earth-elements-in-cell-phones/
"Every time I see a commercial for a new cell phone, I feel a bit nauseous. I love a new cell phone just like the next person, but because of my training as a materials scientist, I feel like a worker in a sausage factory. Cell phones, like sausages, may be great, but you don't really want to know what it takes to make them."
____________________
DNews is dedicated to satisfying your curiosity and to bringing you mind-bending stories & perspectives you won't find anywhere else! New videos daily.
Watch More DNews on Seeker http://www.seeker.com/show/dnews/
Subscribe now! http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=dnewschannel
Seeker on Twitter http://twitter.com/seeker
Trace Dominguez on Twitter https://twitter.com/tracedominguez
DNews on Facebook https://facebook.com/DiscoveryNews
DNews on Google+ https://plus.google.com/u/0/+dnews
Seeker http://www.seeker.com/
Sign Up For The Seeker Newsletter Here: http://bit.ly/1UO1PxI
Written By: William Poor

1:41

China's Monopoly on Rare Earth Minerals to Diminish

For more news visit ☛ http://english.ntdtv.com
Follow us on Twitter ☛ http://twitter.com/...

China's Monopoly on Rare Earth Minerals to Diminish

For more news visit ☛ http://english.ntdtv.com
Follow us on Twitter ☛ http://twitter.com/NTDTelevision
Add us on Facebook ☛ http://facebook.com/NTDTelevision
China currently produces the vast majority of the worlds rare-earth minerals - a group of 17 elements essential for a range of modern technology. However, China's monopoly on supply of these minerals could be about to change.
China's current monopoly as a supplier of rare-earth metals is likely to change in the next couple of years, according to a new report, with new rare-earth mines opening in Western Australia and California.
For years, China has produced at least 90 percent of rare earth metals and restricted exports, driving prices even higher. Some Japanese companies have moved to China to ensure supply of rare earth metals for production of their technologies, according to an article in the newspaper The Australian.
The article refers to a report published yesterday by GarethHutch, a rare metals expert from Illinois, who predicts that the global percentage of rare earth metals supplied by China will drop significantly in the next six years.
The group of 17 rare elements includes europium, which is used to produce the red color in televisions. Europium sold for $720 per kg at the start of 2011 and has since risen to $6,300 per kg.
Harth predicts that China's share of the world market of europium will drop to 76 percent in two years and 37 percent in six years.
He predicts a similar story for other rare earth metals.

Can humans live forever? This scientist thinks it's possible. SAN FRANCISCO — Can modern medicine find a way to delay or even stop the aging process of the .
SuperElements are rare earth elements or rare earth metals behind modern technology. So far, China has kind of monopoly on these rare metals and rare .
During this webinar, alternative health expert Gary Null, Ph.D. reveals the incredible secrets to reversing the aging process. He explains the concept of .
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (

The Periodic Table Song (2018 UPDATE!)

The COMPLETE Periodic Table!
Check out http://asapscience.com for more
iTunes http://bit.ly/asaptable
Bandcamp: https://asapscience.bandcamp.com/track/the-updated-periodic-table-song-2018
In celebration of National Periodic Table Day, here is our song updated with the 4 newly named elements!
https://www.asapscience.com/
FOLLOW US!
Instagram and Twitter: @whalewatchmeplz and @mitchellmoffit
Clickable: http://bit.ly/16F1jeC and http://bit.ly/15J7ube
AsapINSTAGRAM: https://instagram.com/asapscience/
Facebook: http://facebook.com/AsapSCIENCE
Twitter: http://twitter.com/AsapSCIENCE
Tumblr: http://asapscience.tumblr.com
Vine: Search "AsapSCIENCE" on vine!
SNAPCHAT 'whalewatchmeplz' and 'pixelmitch'
Send us stuff!
ASAPSCIENCE INC.
P.O. Box 93, Toronto P
Toronto, ON, M5S2S6
------------------------------------------
Written, Directed, Produced, Edited and Sung by Mitchell Moffit.
Based on the "Can-Can" music, by Offenbach.
LYRICS:
There's Hydrogen and Helium
Then Lithium, Beryllium
Boron, Carbon everywhere
Nitrogen all through the air
With Oxygen so you can breathe
And Fluorine for your pretty teeth
Neon to light up the signs
Sodium for salty times
Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon
Phosphorus, then Sulfur, Chlorine and Argon
Potassium, and Calcium so you'll grow strong
Scandium, Titanium, Vanadium and Chromium and Manganese
CHORUS
This is the Periodic Table
Noble gas is stable
Halogens and Alkali react agressively
Each period will see new outer shells
While electrons are added moving to the right
Iron is the 26th
Then Cobalt, Nickel coins you get
Copper, Zinc and Gallium
Germanium and Arsenic
Selenium and Bromine film
While Krypton helps light up your room
Rubidium and Strontium then Yttrium, Zirconium
Niobium, Molybdenum, Technetium
Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium
Silver-ware then Cadmium and Indium
Tin-cans, Antimony then Tellurium and Iodine and Xenon and then Caesium and...
Barium is 56 and this is where the table splits
Where Lanthanides have just begun
Lanthanum, Cerium and Praseodymium
Neodymium's next too
Promethium, then 62's
Samarium, Europium, Gadolinium and Terbium
Dysprosium, Holmium, Erbium, Thulium
Ytterbium, Lutetium
Hafnium, Tantalum, Tungsten then we're on to
Rhenium, Osmium and IridiumPlatinum, Gold to make you rich till you grow old
Mercury to tell you when it's really cold
Thallium and Lead then Bismuth for your tummy
Polonium, Astatine would not be yummy
Radon, Francium will last a little time
Radium then Actinides at 89
REPEAT CHORUS
Actinium, Thorium, Protactinium
Uranium, Neptunium, Plutonium
Americium, Curium, Berkelium
Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium
Mendelevium, Nobelium, Lawrencium
Rutherfordium, Dubnium, Seaborgium
Bohrium, Hassium then Meitnerium
Darmstadtium, Roentgenium, Copernicium
Nihonium, Flerovium
Moscovium, Livermorium
Tennessine and Oganesson
And then we're done!!

Have We Found All The Elements?

This week Reactions takes a look at how science and chemistry is helping to create man-made elements. Particle accelerators have the ability to create new elements, but have we hit a point where we've found all the elements? Isotopes, physics, and particle accelerators, oh my!
Find us on all these places:
Subscribe! http://bit.ly/ACSReactions
Facebook! http://facebook.com/ACSReactions
Twitter! http://twitter.com/ACSReactions
Tumblr! http://tumblr.com/ACSReactions
Sam Leopard - Back for More
JD PigsProducer:
Elaine Seward
Writer:
Sam Lemonick
Executive Producer:
Adam Dylewski
Scientific consultants:
Dawn Shaughnessy, Ph.D.
Darcy Gentleman, Ph.D.
Kyle Nackers
Sources:
https://iupac.org/iupac-is-naming-the-four-new-elements-nihonium-moscovium-tennessine-and-oganesson/
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/confirmation-of-four-new-elements-completes-seventh-row-of-periodic-table-/9312.article
http://cen.acs.org/articles/94/i2/Seventh-Row-Periodic-Table-Complete.html
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EAM2UvObJQuy3UCEe3-Ilc3fSJwx1Tvs9-yMHrzpVcY/edit?usp=sharing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ItrYpHsymfI
https://www.wou.edu/las/physci/ch412/perhist.htm
http://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/history
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092640X12000848
Ever wonder why dogs sniff each others' butts? Or how Adderall works? Or whether it's OK to pee in the pool? We've got you covered: Reactions a web series about the chemistry that surrounds you every day.
Reactions is produced by the American Chemical Society.

6:07

Joe Bonamassa with Beth Hart - I'll Take Care of You

Live at the New York Beacon Theatre. 5 November 2011
- FREE SONG DOWNLOAD - http://bit....

Top 10 Most Expensive Elements on Earth !!

Chemical elements are building blocks of everything we see around us. There are 118 recognized elements, 94 of which occur naturally including iron, silver and gold, while others are synthetic, some examples of which are curium and californium. This list contains 10 earth elements that are extremely rare, and some of them have demand in the market, which makes them some of the most expensive elements on the planet.
10. Gold : $56 per gram
Gold is one of the most widely known and used elements in the world, especially in jewelry. Almost every ancient civilization on earth considered this metal to be valuable. Science, it also proves that some of the characteristics of gold makes it perfect for electronic use, though high cost is the biggest hurdle to use it in wires. So, we’re stuck with cheaper and inferior alternatives.
In the purest form gold is a bright, slightly reddish, soft, malleable, and ductile metal.
9. Rhodium — $58 per gram
Rhodium Most ExpensiveElements
The major use of rhodium is in automobiles. It is used as a catalysts in the three-way catalytic converters. The biggest quality of this metal is its inert behavior against corrosion and most aggressive chemicals. The rhodium is also used in jewelry. Particularly, as a thin plating on white gold to improve its appearance, and sterling silver is often rhodium-plated for tarnish resistance.
8. Platinum — $60 per gram
Platinum is yet another extremely low reactive metal. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures. Due to its rarity, only few hundred tonnes are produced annually. Other than being used as jewelry, it has several practical application in various different fields such as automobiles, dentistry and even medicine.
7. Lanthanum – $64 per gram
Lanthanum is silvery-white metallic element. It is soft enough that you can literally cut it with a knife. It is also one of the rare earth metals, in the pure it isn’t quite useful. However, its compounds have numerous applications across various fields. It is used as catalysts, carbon arc lamps for studio lights and projectors, ignition elements in lighters and torches, electron cathodes, scintillators, GTAW electrodes, and other things. But due to the rarity the cost of this element is quite high.
6. Lutetium – $69 per gram
Lutetium is also counted among rare earth metals. But unlike lanthanum, lutetium has very few commercial uses. However, stable lutetium can be used as catalysts in petroleum cracking in refineries and can also be used in alkylation, hydrogenation, and polymerization applications.
5. Scandium – $270 per gram
Scandium is another rare earth metal that has high price due to rarity. It was observed in 1970s that scandium effects positively on aluminum alloys. To this day its use in such alloys remains its only major application. The global trade of scandium oxide is about 10 tonnes per year, and costs at least $270 per gram.
4. Plutonium — $4,000 per gram
The major use of plutonium as you might know is in nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors. Both plutonium-239 and plutonium-241 are fissile, meaning that they can sustain a nuclear chain reaction. Plutonium is highly radioactive which makes it extremely dangerous to handle. However, if you’re still willing to buy this element expect to pay at least $4000 per gram.
3. Carbon – $65,00 per gram
Carbon is one of the most essential elements for life. Although a large amount of it is present in all of our bodies, and things like coal and graphite aren’t expensive as we all know. But if carbon atoms arranged in certain order it can have an extremely high value. In the form of diamond, carbon can cost you as much as $65,000 for one gram.
2. Californium — $25-27 million per gram
This element was first developed in 1950 at the University of California Radiation Laboratory, by bombarding curium with alpha particles. Since then only few gram of it has been produced. The estimated cost of one gram californium is about $27 million, which make perfect sense considering the fact that the global production of californium is half gram per year.
1. Francium – $1 billion per gram
Francium
Although one gram of francium has never been observed. Because The half life of this element is about 22 minutes, which means any viewable quantity of the element would immediately vaporize. But it is assumed that francium would appear as a highly reactive metal.
The largest amount of this element that has ever been produced in the laboratory was a cluster of more than 300,000 atoms. If someone want to buy one gram of it, he can expect to pay at least few billion dollars.
Thanks For watching
Please Subscribe For new Vidos
And Stray with us with ___
Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/Top-Tube-1665086733713915/
Twitter
https://twitter.com/TopTube5
tumblr
http://top--tube.tumblr.com/
Reddit
https://www.reddit.com/user/Top_Tube/

4:44

Pink Floyd - Louder Than Words (Official Music Video)

'Louder Than Words' is from Pink Floyd's last album 'The Endless River'.
Order now:
CD - ...

Feel Good Inc. (metal cover by Leo Moracchioli)

Original by Gorillaz
You can buy my albums or singles here:
DIRECT FROM ME (LOSSLESS)
► http://bit.ly/2usJ3lq
ITUNES ► http://apple.co/1Lni4PR
AMAZON ► http://amzn.to/1U2rqUa
GOOGLEPLAY ► http://bit.ly/1SOd6Nx
How to play this song on guitar here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVfUCEAdPeg
How to play this song on guitar here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVfUCEAdPeg
FrogLeap Studios Merchandise here:
US ► http://bit.ly/1qZ64KP
EU ► http://bit.ly/1NXI3Zz
Become a Patreon and get all the songs and support me doing more music covers:
http://www.patreon.com/frogleapstudios
►Gear I use:
Chapman Guitars: http://www.chapmanguitars.co.uk
Microphone: http://amzn.to/2s4GTGY
StudioGuitar Amp: http://amzn.to/2t3WifM
Guitar Strings: http://amzn.to/2sKOXyC
MainCamera: http://amzn.to/2sKGLyh
Camera Lens: http://amzn.to/2s4VD8S
Camera Lens Wide: http://amzn.to/2rLAwZP
Guitar & drum camera: http://amzn.to/2s4YbE3
Attach it with this: http://amzn.to/2s4YkHrDrone: http://amzn.to/2t44z32
Toontrack: https://www.toontrack.com
Ortega Guitars: http://ortegaguitars.com
Hi there, my name is Leo and I run a studio on the westside of Norway where I record and produce bands, do video work and play live shows.
On my youtube channel there is lots of videos with covers, gear reviews , studio updates and other shenaningans.
For my covers I play everything myself as well as record, mix, master, shoot and edit the music & videos.
Please subscribe if you like what you see/hear and I am forever gratefull to everyone who buys songs so I can keep doing this as a living.
I do not add people I dont know on my personal facebook page, so please follow these links which are my "fan" pages:
Youtube ► http://youtube.com/leolego
Facebook ► https://www.facebook.com/FrogLeapStudios
Twitter ► https://twitter.com/FrogLeapStudios
Instagram ► https://instagram.com/frogleapstudios
Website ► http://frogleapstudios.com
For business Inquiries:
frogleapstudios@gmail.com

For thousands of years, they lay dormant in the soil until suddenly, they became the driving force behind a technical revolution: rare earths. Researchers drill for new deposits and find more environmentally friendly ways of processing the materials. A fascinating glimpse at cutting-edge research that could make our green technologies of the future even greener.
FirstBroadcast in 2013. Content Provided By Java Films. Any queries, contact us at hello@littledotstudios.com
Subscribe to Spark for more amazing science, tech and engineering videos - https://goo.gl/LIrlur

National Security, Rare Earth Elements & The Thorium Problem

"The only operating rare earth mine in the United States sends all of their valuable resources to China for processing. Congress does not know this. They think this [mining] company is supplying the U.S. value chain, [and] is supplying the military. It is in-fact, the opposite. They are part of the Chinese monopoly. They're taking powder and shipping it to China, and it comes back as a magnet, or an alloy, or a bolt-on component." - Jim Kennedy
To address this issue, contact your legislators to support H.R.4883 https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
Why can't Molycorp, Lynas or any other 'western' rare earth company succeed?
China's production and market advantage in Rare Earth Elements (REE) is largely the result of NRC and IAEA "SourceMaterial" regulations with unintended consequences.
Source Material: Materials containing any ratio or combination of Thorium and Uranium above .05%. Producing or holding these materials within the regulatory threshold (.05%) requires extensive and wide-ranging licensing, storage, transportation, remediation disposal and compliance costs, including prohibitive liability and bonding issues. Consequently any potential supplier of byproduct / co-product rare earth resources that would be designated as "source material' disposes of these valuable resources to avoid liability and compliance issues.
NRC / IAEA regulations regarding "Source Material" played a key roll in undermining the economic viability of all 'western' rare earth producers and are a critical factor in China's current 'market advantage'. Producers like Molycorp and Lynas, with low Thorium deposits, can never compete with China.
Resources are abundant and available: U.S mining companies currently mine as much as 50% of global Rare Earth Elements demand every year. But these resources are diverted in tailings lakes or are redistributed back into the host ore body, due to NRC and IAEA regulations defining Monazite and other Thorium bearing rare earth resources as "Source Material".
H.R. 4883 would solve the "Thorium Problem" by creating a federally chartered multinational Thorium Energy and Industrial Products Corporation ("Thorium Bank"). Privately funded and operated, this would decouple thorium from rare earth production. The Thorium Corporation would also have Congressional Authority to develop Thorium energy systems and industrial products. Environmental regulations are not scaled back... rather this enables thorium to be stored safely & securely, rather then being treated as "waste".
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr4883
H.R. 4883 thus also addresses the U.S. Weapons Systems current 100% Dependency on China for Rare Earths.
http://thoriumenergyalliance.com/downloads/TEAC6/USWeaponsChinese.pdfFederal Legislation governing Strategic Materials, 10 USC 2533b, does not specify rare earths, but includes metal alloys containing limited amounts of manganese, silicon, copper, or aluminum, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, nickel and iron-nickel, cobalt, Titanium and Zirconium alloys. Federal Regulations require that these materials be melted in the U.S. Most of these materials are utilized in rare earth alloys, magnets and components in the defense industry.
The bill does NOT reclassify thorium. It does NOT alter current environmental protection. It simply resolves "The Thorium Problem" which cripples United States domestic rare earth mining, processing and value-adding processes.
Source Footage:
Jim Kennedy @ IAEA: http://youtu.be/fLR39sT_bTs
Jim Kennedy interview @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/Dih30mUexrA
Jim Kennedy Talk @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/CARlEac1iuA
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/z7qfOnMzP9Y
Stephen Boyd @ TEAC4: http://youtu.be/J16IpITWBQ8
John Kutsch @ TEAC6: http://youtu.be/MgRn4g7a068

Rare earth elements: Simple commodity or strategic vulnerability?

Rare earths are a group of 17 elements with unique chemical, magnetic and luminescent properties crucial for the functioning of much of today’s high technology equipment, including MRIs, lap-top computers, hybrid vehicles and LEDs. They also have important applications in the defence industry.
China is the dominant supplier of rare earth elements (REEs), meeting at least 85% of global demand. In 2010, REEs were splashed across the front pages of newspapers when
it significantly reduced rare earth export quotas and temporarily suspended their shipment to Japan. Consumers quickly recognised that diversity of reliable supply is just as
important as price and quality, and there is a concerted effort to replace, reduce and recycle REEs. So are REEs best understood as simple commodities, or as strategic resources that can be
used as tools of statecraft? And can Australia play a part in the development of alternative reliable sources of rare earths?
To help understand the strategic importance of REEs the
National SecurityCollege and Crawford School of Public Policy welcome two global experts in the field.

Can humans live forever? This scientist thinks it's possible. SAN FRANCISCO — Can modern medicine find a way to delay or even stop the aging process of the .
SuperElements are rare earth elements or rare earth metals behind modern technology. So far, China has kind of monopoly on these rare metals and rare .
During this webinar, alternative health expert Gary Null, Ph.D. reveals the incredible secrets to reversing the aging process. He explains the concept of .
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor (

39:47

Rare Earth Elements [CSIS]

Extract of the Center Of Strategic & International Studies Vidéos
What do the recent mark...

Rare Earth Elements [CSIS]

Extract of the Center Of Strategic & International Studies Vidéos
What do the recent market developments mean for the rare earths industry? How should the United States respond to the changing market trends? What are the implications for the cleantech manufacturing sector?
http://www.globalmetalbroker.com gives you the chance to know more and invest on the Rare Earth Elements.

What'd I Say?

Hey Mama, ant you aware to treat me wrong.Come and love, come and love me,Love me all night long.When you see me down, down in miseryCome on, come on girl,Come on and see about me.CoroTell me what I´d said - what I´saidwhat I´said - what I´said.Tell me, what I´d said - what I´said.What I´said, What I´said, hey, hey, hey.Uhh Tell you´re mama,c´mon and tell you´re pá.Ít´s taken one and half of shipping bagsTake me back to Arkansas.When you see me woman, when you see me in miseryC´mon, c´mon girl, c´mon and see about me.CoroTell me what I´d said - what I´saidAwhat I´said - what I´said.Tell me, what I´d said - what I´said.What I´said, What I´said, hey, hey, hey.Tell me, that I saidSolo RequintoSolo sax y órgano, bajo, guitarraSolo ÓrganoHey, hey, hey, ----hey, hey, hey,Hey mamamama, ---- hey mamamamaHey Hooo hey hooo, Hey Hooo hey hoooCoroI fill so good- what I´saidI fill o rait - what I´said.Tell me, what I´d said - ah what I´said.What I´said, What I´said, hey, hey, hey.What I said Hey, hey, heyWhat I said Hey, hey, heyWhat I said Hey, hey, heyWhat I said Hey, hey, heyWhat I said Hey, hey, heyWhat I said Hey, hey, heyWhat I said Hey, hey, heyWhat I said Hey, hey, hey

&nbsp;. According to reports, the work predicts that the universe would eventually end when stars run out of energy ...Hawking died last Wednesday in Cambridge at the age of 76, having suffered from a rare form of motor neuron disease since 1964 that left him in a wheelchair with very little muscular mobility ... ....

In another blow to the Trump administration Monday, the US Supreme Court decided Arizona must continue to issue state driver’s licenses to so-called Dreamer immigrants and refused to hear an effort by the state to challenge the Obama-era program that protects hundreds of thousands of young adults brought into the country illegally as children, Reuters reported ... – WN.com. Jack Durschlag....

Uber announced on Monday that it was pulling all of its self-driving cars from public roads in Arizona and San Francisco, Toronto, and Pittsburgh after a female pedestrian was reportedly killed after being struck by an autonomous Uber vehicle in Tempe, according to The Verge.&nbsp; ... “We are fully cooperating with local authorities in their investigation of this incident.” ... "Some incredibly sad news out of Arizona....

An explosion on Sunday night in Austin shared "similarities" with three bombs that went off in the Texas capital earlier this month and authorities were warning on Monday that they are dealing with a serial bomber who is targeting the city, according to the Washington Post... “So we’ve definitely seen a change in the method that this suspect … is using.” ... “And we assure you that we are listening ... -WN.com, Maureen Foody....

A panel of federal judges dismissed the Republican lawsuit challenging a new congressional map that was imposed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, ending one of two challenges to the map on Monday, according to The Inquirer. The judge's decision said that the Republican lawmakers who brought the challenge did not have legal standing to do so and that the case is inappropriate for the court to take up at this time ...ChiefU.S....