Conference Multimedia: Understanding the New Middle East

A sniper fired at a group of fleeing civilians in west Mosul, Iraq. Credit Ivor Prickett/Panos Pictures

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"Islamism inside, outside, or against the State?"

Nathan Brown is professor of political science and international affairs at George Washington University and nonresident senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

"Sectarianization and Identity Formation in the New Middle East: Sunni-Shiʻi relations after the Arab Uprisings"

Toby Matthiesen is senior research fellow in the International Relations of the Middle East at St Antony's College, University of Oxford. He is the author of Sectarian Gulf: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab Spring That Wasn't (2013), and The Other Saudis: Shiʻism, Dissent and Sectarianism (2015).

Respondent: Khaled Abou El Fadl is the Omar and Azmeralda Alfi Distinguished Professor of Law at the UCLA School of Law. His most recent book is Reasoning with God: Reclaiming Shari‘ah in the Modern Age (2014).