Linux links page

Linux is a free, open-source operating system developed by Linus Torvalds, a Finnish programmer, and a team of enthusiasts. The appeal of Linux is clear. It is free, unlike such rival operating systems as Microsoft's Windows and Sun's Solaris. And it runs on almost any computer, providing compatibility, flexibility and further cost savings. Linux is used mostly to run servers, the back-office machines that handle e-mail, web pages, file sharing, and printing. Several Linux boxes can also be "clustered" together to create cheaply a machine with the power of a supercomputer. The rise of Linux is changing the dynamics of the computer business. Some of the industry's titans benefit from its advance, while others lose. As result it might be dividing the industry into winners that offer Linux (e.g. IBM and HP), and losers that don't, (e.g. Microsoft). To consumers, Linux may rank third after Windows and Macintosh, but Linux dominates in some industried (dominateds in motion picturesmaking, has captured a third of the ISP server market).The big problem with Linux is that it is very difficult to get into from thebeginning for very many people. Once sorted and working it really is smooth, reliable and a pleasure to use. There are loads of little things like that which prevent Linux from taking off and it really is a great pity. They are all small things that can be answered by searching onthe net or asking on usenet, Linux users are really helpful when it comes tosorting people out but it takes a lot of time. Usually you need to understand 90% of the picture before you can fix the 10%that's not working is a big turnoff. In my experience the graphicalconfigurators are only half baked (cos no serious Linux head ever usesthem, so they never get properly tested) and so you have to manually edit. Unfortunately nowadays nobody in the engineering field can economically do everything in Linux, due to the sheer volumeof Win32 stuff that works just fine. LInux can be a very good platform to different special systems. Contrary to common sense, to build the best secret proprietary software you need an open-source platform underneath it. The reason is that proprietary software can require tweaks to the operating system itself that no proprietary operating system vendor would be interested in implementing.

Linux is a free Unix-type operating system originally created by Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around the world. Developed under the GNU General Public License , the source code for Linux is freely available to everyone. Linux is an operating system that is causing a revolution in the world of computers.The basic idea behind open source is very simple: When programmers can read, redistribute, and modify the source code for a piece of software, the software evolves. People improve it, people adapt it, people fix bugs. And this can happen at a speed that, if one is used to the slow pace of conventional software development, seems astonishing.

Doors To Devices
- Many new Linux users have trouble with device nodes for a number of different reasons. For the uninitiated, it is often difficult to figure out exactly what device node is needed for a particular task. Part of this is because the device node names aren't exactly intuitive, and part of it is because it's not often obvious which device node is the one you actually need. One of the first problems encountered by new Linux users is with hard disks.
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From DOS/Windows to Linux HOWTO
- This HOWTO is dedicated to all the (soon to be former?) DOS and Windows users who have decided to switch to Linux, the free UNIX clone. The purpose of this document is to help the reader translate his or her knowledge of DOS and Windows into the Linux environment, as well as providing hints on exchanging files and resources between the two OSes.
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Linux bb
- linuxbb.com was formed to bridge the gap between Windows and Linux users. linuxbb.com is a place where anyone can read or write about tips, tricks and programs and submit them to the forums. Each distribution will have its own news section and links to the latest news as it becomes available.
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Ark Linux
- Ark Linux is a Linux distribution designed especially for desktop use, primarily for people without prior Linux experience. Its main goal is ease of use, and the inclusion of many tools end users will need.
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Coyote Linux
- a single floppy distribution of Linux designed for use by those wishing to share an Internet connection that is provided via an Ethernet connection using DHCP or PPPoE, or a PPP dial-up with other computers that are connected to a local area network (LAN)
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DemoLinux
- The DemoLinux CD allow to use Linux without installation, disk partitioning or any other complex manipulation. This CD does not install Linux on your hard disk, but it allows you to play with it at lenght before you eventually decide to proceed with a full fledged installation.
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floppyfw-jt
- This is a special floppyfw-jt edition of the standard floppyfw. This version uses DHCP client for eth0 and static ip address 172.16.0.254 (RFC 1918 compiliant private ip address) and netmask 255.255.255.0 for home network interface eth1.
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Freesco
- a free replacement for commercial routers supporting up to 3 ethernet/arcnet/token_ring/arlan network cards and up to 2 modems
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Gentoo Linux
- a special flavor of Linux that can be automatically optimized and customized for just about any application or need
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Local Area Security Linux
- a small 'live CD' distribution based on Knoppix that aims at being less than 185MB so it will fit on a MiniCD, ?t contains about 100 security (forensics, penetration testing, firewall, intrusion detection, etc.) tools including
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SmoothWall GPL
- SmoothWall GPL is an Internet Firewall Operating System, which allows you to use (or reclaim) a server, workstation or redundant PC into a fully-functional firewall to protect your network.
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Fedora
- The Fedora Project is a Red-Hat-sponsored and community-supported open source project. The goal of The Fedora Project is to work with the Linux community to build a complete, general purpose operating system exclusively from free software. Development will be done in a public forum. The project will produce time-based releases of Fedora Core about 2-3 times a year.
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The Fedora Legacy Project
- The Fedora Legacy Project is a community-supported open source project. It is not a supported project of Red Hat, Inc. although Red Hat, Inc. does provide some support services for it. The goal of The Fedora Legacy Project is to work with the Linux community to provide security and critical bug fix errata packages for select End of Life Red Hat Linux and Fedora Core distributions. This will allow for a longer effective life for those releases.
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Thinstation
- Thinstation is a thin client Linux distribution that makes a PC a full-featured thin client supporting all major connectivity protocols: Citrix ICA, MS Windows terminal services (RDP), Tarantella, X, telnet, tn5250 and SSH. Thinstation can be booted from network (e.g. diskless) using Etherboot/PXE or from a local floppy/CD/HD/flash-disk. The thin client configuration can be centralized to simplify management. Thinstation supports client-side storage (floppy/HD/CD/USB) and printers (LPT/USB). Mozilla Firefox and lighter browsers are supported as client-side browsers.
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Ubuntu Linux
- Ubuntu is a complete desktop Linux operating system, freely available with both community and professional support. Ubuntu is a Debian-based distro.
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Linux PCMCIA Information Page
- Card Services for Linux is a complete PCMCIA support package. It includes a set of loadable kernel modules that implement a version of the PCMCIA 2.1 Card Services applications program interface, a set of client drivers for specific cards, and a card manager daemon that can respond to card insertion and removal events, loading and unloading drivers on demand. It supports ``hot swapping'' of PCMCIA cards, so cards can be inserted and ejected at any time. The current package supports many ethernet cards, modems and serial cards, several SCSI adapters, most ATA/IDE devices, and some SRAM and FLASH memory cards. All the common PCMCIA controllers are supported, so it should run on just about all Linux-capable laptops.
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Mouse Support in XFree86
- This document describes mouse support in XFree86 4.2.0. Mouse configuration has often been mysterious task for novice users. However, once you learn several basics, it is straightforward to write the mouse "InputDevice" section in the XF86Config file by hand.
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General information

Making installation CDs

An ISO is a file that contains the complete image of an ISO 9660 CD-ROM disc, from sector 0 to the end. Such files are often used when transferring CDROM images over the Internet, and are commonly used as a way of offering Linux distributions for download.

Installing Linux to laptop

While it is a relatively simple matter to install Linux on a desktop computer, it is far more difficult to set up on a modern laptop computer; they tend to use a great deal of non-standard hardware, which complicates the process.

Red Hat Linux 7.2 on a laptop
- While it is a relatively simple matter to install Red Hat Linux on a desktop computer, it is far more difficult to set up on a modern laptop computer; they tend to use a great deal of non-standard hardware, which complicates the process.
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Secure Programming for Linux and Unix HOWTO
- This book provides a set of design and implementation guidelines for writing secure programs for Linux and Unix systems. Such programs include application programs used as viewers of remote data, web applications (including CGI scripts), network servers, and setuid/setgid programs. Specific guidelines for C, C++, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, TCL, and Ada95 are included.
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General informaton

Files Controlling User Accounts and Groups
- On Red Hat Linux and several other Linux distributions, information about user accounts and groups are stored in several text files within the /etc/ directory. When a system administrator creates new user accounts, these files must either be edited by hand or applications must be used to make the necessary changes. This document tells about the files in the /etc/ directory that store user and group information under Red Hat Linux.
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Security

Apache in a chroot jail
- This document is on preventing Apache from being used as a point of break-in to the system hosting it. Apache by default runs as a non-root user, which will limit any damage to what can be done as a normal user with a local shell.
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Chroot-BIND HOWTO
- This document describes installing the BIND 9 nameserver to run in a chroot jail and as a non-root user, to provide added security and minimise the potential effects of a security compromise.
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Chrooting All Services in Linux
- Chroot basically redefines the universe for a program. More accurately, it redefines the "ROOT" directory or "/" for a program or login session. Basically, everything outside of the directory you use chroot on doesn't exist as far a program or shell is concerned.
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Backups

A secure and reliable server is closely related to performing regular backups. Failures will probably occur sometimes. They may be caused by attacks, hardware failure, human error, power outages, etc. The safest method of doing backups is to record them in a location separate from your Linux system like over a network, from tape, removable drive, writable CD-ROM, etc.

Linux Backup Tools
- Here you can fidn programs that are designed to automate the backups of your data. You can specify what, when, and where to back data up.
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Other useful settings

termcap - terminal capability data base
- The Termcap file is a data base describing terminals, used, for example, by vi(1) and curses(3). Terminals are described in termcap by giving a set of capabilities that they have and by describing how operations are performed. Padding requirements and initialization sequences are included in termcap.
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Vi is a text editor based on the standard Unix editor called Ex. It is available on all Unix systems and versions exist for some non-Unix systems.The vi editor is a screen-based editor used by many Unix users. It is used very much for system administration because it can be though as a built-in "standard" editor. The vi editor is a common editor for unix systems in that it makes use of a regular keyboard with an escape key. Vi works on all unix computers.Emacs is one of the most popular and powerful text editors used on Linux (and Unix). It is second in popularity only to vi. It is known for it huge feature set, ability to be easily customized, and lack of bugs.GNU Emacs is a free, portable, extensible text editor that runs on many machines under many different operating systems.That it is extensible means that you can not only customize all aspects of its usage (from key bindings through fonts, colors, windows, mousage and menus), but you can program Emacs to do entirely new things that its designers never thought of. Emacs is particularly good for programmers. If you use a common programming language, Emacs probably provides a mode that makes it especially easy to edit code in that language, providing context sensitive indentation and layout. It also probably allows you to compile your programs inside Emacs, with links from error messages to source code; debug your programs inside Emacs, with links to the source; interact directly with the language interpretor (where appropriate); manage change logs; jump directly to a location in the source by symbol (function or variable name); and interact with your revision control system.Emacs also provides mail readers, news readers, World Wide Web, gopher, and FTP clients, spell checking, and a Rogerian therapist, all of which are also useful for programming. Beginners can consider Emacs to be a very difficult program to use, but when you learn the basics of it, you will learn it's benefits and it will not be that difficult.

Emacs Tutorial
- This is web versio of the built-in tutorial. To bring up this tutorial in Emacs, hit the ESC key following by "x" then type help-with-tutorial followed by hitting the RETURN key.
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Major modes for Emacs
- There are many major modes for emacs. These modes allow for automatic indentation of code, and matching of parentheses. Some even let you do command completion (ie: prin[TAB] would expand to printf in c-mode, etc). This is a list of major modes that are of general interest.
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XEmacs
- XEmacs is a highly customizable open source text editor and application development system. XEmacs has an active development community numbering in the hundreds, and runs on Windows 95 and NT, Linux and nearly every other version of Unix in existence.
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Vi Lovers Home Page
- The VI LOVERS HOME PAGE has links to the latest version of different Vi implementations. In addition, there are links to useful documentation, FAQs, and other (better) Vi related resources. This is propably the best place to be for every Vi user or Vi user wannabe.
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"sed" stands for Stream EDitor. Sed is a non-interactive editor, which means that it is a special editing tool designed for non-interactive file editing.Instead of the user altering a file interactively by moving thecursor on the screen (like with normal editors like Emacs), the user sends ascript of editing instructions to sed, plus the name of the file toedit (or the text to be edited may come as output from a pipe). Sed reads its input from stdin (Unix shorthand for "standardinput," i.e., the console) or from files (or both), and sends theresults to stdout ("standard output," normally the console orscreen). Most people use sed first for its substitution features.Sed is often used as a find-and-replace tool.

Crash Recovery for Linux sounds a bit superfluous. Linux is regarded as one of todays most stable Operating Systems. In the case of some hardware failure like a broken disk it can however be handy.

Crash Recovery Kit for Linux
- Crash Recovery Kit for Linux is a Red Hat-based floppy and CD-ROM based distribution that allows a user to recover after a hardware failure, hardware discovery, testing, and backup. This CRK package can recover a trashed LILO boot record, backup data over the network in the form of tar.gz tarballs, test hardware, recover a misconfigured or hacked Linux system and make a tape backup of a disk which can't be booted anymore. The CRK is based on RedHat Linux.
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LILO, Linux Crash Rescue HOW-TO
- You cannot avoid accidents and if it happens to linux systems then it may damage the master boot record (MBR) or LILO (Linux boot Loader). There may be cases where linux will not boot due to hard disk failures. The LILO may also fail if you accidentally re-partition the hard disk or you install another additional operating system like Windows 98/NT on the linux computer. This document gives you some ideas, tips and quick guide to recover fast without wading through hundreds of pages of documentation on LILO or Linux.
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Every disk partition is simply an empty space with a beginning and an end. Unless the partition is being used for swap space, you have to put some type of file system on the partition before it can become useful. The mkfs (for make file system) command is used to create the file system on the partition.Unix/Linux organizes information by putting files in directories. Breaking information down into directories helps to make a large body of information more manageable. A directory is like a folder, which can contain either information (a file), or more folders (called subdirectories). Each directory can contain any number of files or subdirectories, and every file and every directory has a name, made up of letters and numbers.

Linux Partition HOWTO
- This Linux Mini-HOWTO teaches you how to plan and create partitions on IDE and SCSI hard drives. It discusses partitioning terminology and considers size and location issues. Use of the fdisk partitioning utility for creating and recovering of partition tables is covered.
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The Linux (Virtual) File System
- Probably the most important difference (from the user's perspective) between the DOS/Windows world and the Linux world is the organization and operation of the file system. Some ideas will seem very familiar, and others will seem completely alien, but with a good understanding of the Linux file system, you have the skill to avoid some of the most common problems experienced by new Linux users.
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Using the UNIX File System
- Perhaps the most important thing to obtain a grasp of when dealing with web development, is the prevalence of the UNIX style file system in almost everything you will be doing.
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Alternative file systems

EXT2-OS2 home page
- EXT2-OS2 is a package that allows OS/2 to seamlessly access Linux ext2 formatted partitions from OS/2 as if they were standard OS/2 drive letters
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How to use DOS disks on the Linux machines
- Accessing DOS disks (including floppies and ZIP disks) on the Linux machines is accomplished via the mtools(3) tool suite. These tools emulate all of the common DOS command-line commands (DIR, COPY, DEL, etc.), although there are in many cases slight changes that you should be aware of.
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Journaled File System Technology for Linux
- IBM's journaled file system technology, currently used in IBM enterprise servers, is designed for high-throughput server environments. IBM is contributing this technology to the Linux open source community with the hope that some or all of it will be useful in bringing the best of journaling capabilities to the Linux operating system.
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RaiserFS
- ReiserFS is a file system using a plug-in based object oriented variant on classical balanced tree algorithms. The results when compared to the ext2fs conventional block allocation based file system, running under the same operating system and employing the same buffering code, suggest that these algorithms are overall more efficient and every passing month are becoming yet more so.
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Serial HOWTO
- This document describes serial port features other than those which should be covered by Modem-HOWTO, PPP-HOWTO, Serial-Programming-HOWTO, or Text-Terminal-HOWTO. This document lists info on multiport serial cards. It contains technical info about the serial port itself in more detail than found in the above HOWTOs and should be best for troubleshooting when the problem is the serial port itself.
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phx gsmlib
- This distribution contains a library to access GSM mobile phones through GSM modems. Features include modification of phonebooks stored in the mobile phone or on the SIM card, reading and writing of SMS messages stored in the mobile phone, sending and reception of SMS messages. The software works under Linux and Win32. You need a mobile phone that conforms to the GSM standards ETSI GSM 07.07, ETSI GSM 07.05, and others. This software is available on the LGPL (GNU LIBRARY GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE), ie. it is allowed to link the library to commercial programs.
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The History of XFree86
- Today, when most desktop computer users see the word windows, they think of Microsoft's operating system. That's too bad, because long before Microsoft Windows was a twinkle in the eye of Bill Gates, Unix had its own windowing system -- the X Window System.
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SDL: The DirectX Alternative
- There's a good chance that the next Linux game you play, especially if it's a commercially sold title, was made using Simple DirectMedia Layer. This article describes what this library is.
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Simple DirectMedia Layer (SDL)
- Simple DirectMedia Layer is a cross-platform multimedia library designed to provide fast access to the graphics framebuffer and audio device. SDL provides low-level access to a system's video framebuffer, sound output, and input devices including keyboard, mouse, and joystick. SDL is used by MPEG playback software, emulators, and many popular games. Simple DirectMedia Layer supports Linux, Win32, BeOS, MacOS, Solaris, IRIX, and FreeBSD. SDL is written in C, but works with C++ natively, and has bindings to several other languages, including Ada, Eiffel, ML, Perl, PHP, Python, and Ruby.
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Graphics

DirectFB
- DirectFB is a thin library that provides hardware graphics acceleration, input device handling and abstraction, integrated windowing system with support for translucent windows and multiple display layers on top of the Linux Framebuffer Device. It is a complete hardware abstraction layer with software fallbacks for every graphics operation that is not supported by the underlying hardware. DirectFB adds graphical power to embedded systems.
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Simple DirectMedia Layer (SDL)
- Simple DirectMedia Layer is a cross-platform multimedia library designed to provide fast access to the graphics framebuffer and audio device. SDL provides low-level access to a system's video framebuffer, sound output, and input devices including keyboard, mouse, and joystick. SDL is used by MPEG playback software, emulators, and many popular games. Simple DirectMedia Layer supports Linux, Win32, BeOS, MacOS, Solaris, IRIX, and FreeBSD. SDL is written in C, but works with C++ natively, and has bindings to several other languages, including Ada, Eiffel, ML, Perl, PHP, Python, and Ruby.
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Freevo
- Freevo is an open-source home theatre PC platform based on Linux and a number of open-source audio/video tools. MPlayer and/or Xine can be used to play audio and video files in most popular formats. Freevo can be used both for a standalone PVR computer with a TV+remote, as well as on a regular desktop computer using the monitor and keyboard. Freevo is easy to download and install for new users. Most hardware is supported (graphic boards, sound cards and video capture devices). The Freevo core is under heavy development. It is mostly written in the Python programming language which is very well suited for high-level control applications like Freevo.
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Varsha
- Varsha is a GUI based DVD authoring tool for Linux. You can make DVDs from your mpeg files as well as digital still pictures (Slideshow DVD). You can even combine slideshows with regular video and make them accessible through menus. Using Varsha, you can also create simple menus on plain background as well as moving video background. Varsha is written in Java. It uses already available command line programs such as dvdauthor, dvd+rw-tools, mkisofs to do various things in background.
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GStreamer
- GStreamer is a library that allows the construction of graphs of media-handling components, ranging from simple Ogg/Vorbis playback to complex audio (mixing) and video (non-linear editing) processing. Applications can take advantage of advances in codec and filter technology transparently. Developers can add new codecs and filters by writing a simple plugin with a clean, generic interface. GStreamer is released under the LGPL.
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VLC media player
- VLC (initially VideoLAN Client) is a highly portable multimedia player for various audio and video formats (MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, DivX, mp3, ogg, ...) as well as DVDs, VCDs, and various streaming protocols. It can also be used as a server to stream in unicast or multicast in IPv4 or IPv6 on a high-bandwidth network.
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ZoneMinder.com
- ZoneMinder.com is the home of ZoneMinder the top Linux based video camera security solution. ZoneMinder is intended for use in single or multi-camera video security applications, including theft prevention and child or family member or home monitoring and other care scenarios. It supports capture, analysis, recording, and monitoring of video data coming from one or more video or network cameras attached to a Linux system. It is suitable for both do-it-yourself and professional installations.
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MythTV
- MythTV is a homebrew PVR project. It's been under heavy development for two years, and is now quite useable and featureful.
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Linux DV
- Kino is a non-linear DV editor for GNU/Linux. It features excellent integration with IEEE-1394 for capture, VTR control, and recording back to the camera. It captures video to disk in RawDV and AVI format, in both type-1 DV and type-2 DV (separate audio stream) encodings.
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Using Your Brooktree Chipset TV Card in Linux
- The Brooktree chipsets TV cards (BT848 and BT787) are fully supported under Linux using the bttv drivers. Many popular TV cards are supported under bttv including: Lifeview Flyvideo cards, Hauppauge cards, Micro Cards and any other Brooktree based cards. In this article we'll take a look at what it takes to turn your Linux box into a fully functional television.
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Linux Ethernet-Howto
- This is the Ethernet-Howto, which is a compilation of information about which ethernet devices can be used for Linux, and how to set them up. Note that this Howto is focused on the hardware and low level driver aspect of the ethernet cards, and does not cover the software end of things like ifconfig and route. This document is also available in
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Internet Security Tutorial
- Internet security is the practice of protecting and preserving private resources and information on the Internet. nterprise management teams are often not aware of the many advances and innovations in Internet and intranet security technology.
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Linux Network Security Introduction
- The internet has become more dangerous over the last few years. The amount of traffic is increasing and more important transactions are taking place. With this the risk from people trying to damage, intercept or alter your data grows.
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Linux Network Security
- The internet has become more dangerous over the last few years. The amount of traffic is increasing and more important transactions are taking place. With this the risk from people trying to damage, intercept or alter your data grows. If there is something worth stealing then someone will try and steal it. This is more true on the Internet today than it has ever been. Linux based systems have no special exclusion from this universal rule.
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Linux WWW HOWTO
- This document contains information about setting up WWW services under Linux (both server and client). It tries not to be a in detail manual but an overview and a good pointer to further information.
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TermPkg- The Poor Man's Terminal Server
- Termpkg is a package to build a terminal server on most Unix platforms. It works with both real serial ports and also psuedo tttys for cases where you want to connect to other programs like you would a serial device through the telnet protocol (This is good for simulations).
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Guide to IP Layer Network Administration with Linux
- This guide is as an overview of the IP networking capabilities of linux kernels 2.2 and 2.4. The target audience is any beginning to advanced network administrator who wants practical examples and explanation of rumoured features of linux. The documentation you'll find here covers kernels 2.2 and 2.4, although a good number of the examples and concepts may also apply to older kernels.
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ProxyARP Subnetting HOWTO
- This HOWTO discusses using Proxy Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) with subnetting in order to make a small network of machines visible on another Internet Protocol (IP) subnet (I call it sub-subnetting). This makes all the machines on the local network appear as if they are connected to the main network.
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Writing hosts and networks Files
- After you have subnetted your network, you should prepare for some simple sort of hostname resolution using the /etc/hosts file. If you are not going to use DNS or NIS for address resolution, you have to put all hosts in the hosts file.
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Ethernet bridging

Ethernet bridging is a process of forwarding packets from one Ethernet interface to another at Ethernet network level (instead fo doing it at IP routing level).

Bridge Filter
- Bridge Filter is a patch to apply to linux kernel 2.2.x that creates a new built-in chain named bridgein you can use to filter packets before the bridge. Basically, linux firewall and bridge functions work well but you can't filter exactly which packets are bridged. The main goal of this patch is to allow this capability.
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Bridging mini-Howto
- This document describes how to setup an ethernet bridge using Linux. What is an ethernet bridge? An ethernet bridge is a device that controls data packets within a subnet in an attempt to cut down the amount of traffic.
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Virtual LANs on a single ethernet cable give you the ability to segregate LANs efficiently. Virtual LANs on Ethernet are based on IEEE 802.1Q VLAN protocol. IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Support can be found in the Linux kernel as of version 2.4.14.

LINUX VLAN + Cisco HOWTO
- IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Support can be found in the Linux kernel as of version 2.4.14. This is a a good Linux + Cisco VLAN tutorial with specific configuration examples.
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Cable Modem Providers HOWTO
- The main goal of this document is to get your Linux system running with your cable modem, and cable internet provider. Many cable modem ISPs only provide Windows and Macintosh software, so this document tries to fullfill the needs of Linux users. This document attempts to explain how to setup some cable modems and internet providers in Linux, the tricks to get them working correctly, and traps not to fall down.
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PPPoE
- PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) is a protocol used by many ADSL Internet Service Providers. Roaring Penguin has a free client for Linux, NetBSD and Solaris systems to connect to PPPoE service providers.
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Firewall is an IP packet filter which protects networks connectored to Internet against attacks from Internet side. The idea is that Firewall will only pass the necessary traffic, and block everythign else that is not though to be necessary. With suitable software and configuration you can use a Linux computer as a firewall.

TCP/IP Connection cutting on Linux Firewalls and Routers
- This article describes how a Linux IPTables based firewall/router can be used to send the right combination of TCP/IP packets to both ends of a connection to cause them to abort the conversation. It describes the steps required to perform this task, and introduces a new open-source utility called "cutter" that automates the process.
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IP Masquerade is a feature of the Linux kernel that permits you to share secure access to the Internet. IP masquerading is also known as Network Address Translation (NAT).Masquerading/NAT you only have one connection to the Internet, whether it is a dial-up phone line, ISDN, DSL, a Cable modem, or something else, a Linux-based IP Masquerade firewall will allow you to share that access, permitting as many computers as you wish on your local network to communicate with the Internet simultaneously. Your whole office (or family) can surf the World Wide Web, chat, do file transfers, play games and telecommute at the same time. Network Address Translation (NAT) is a vitally important Internet technology for a variety of reasons. It can provide load balancing for parallel processing, it can provide several types of strong access security, and it can provide fault-tolerance and high-availability. Finally, it can simplify some basic network administration functions.

Linux IP Masquerade HOWTO
- Linux IP Masquerade is a form of Network Address Translation or NAT that allows internally connected computers that do not have one or more registered Internet IP addresses to have the ability to communicate to the Internet via your Linux box's single Internet IP address
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Software to turn your Linux box to a router which can communicate with other routers in the network.

GateD
- GateD is a modular software program consisting of core services, a routing database, and protocol modules which support multiple routing protocols (RIP versions 1 and 2, DCN HELLO, OSPF version 2, EGP version 2, BGP versions 2 through 4). GateD is designed to handle dynamic routing with a routing database built from the information exchanged by routing protocols.
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GNU Zebra
- Gnu Zebra is a routing program that supports BGP-4 protocol as described in RFC1771 (A Border Gateway Protocol 4) as well as RIPv1, RIPv2 and OSPFv2.
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MRTd
- MRTd is a program which includes multi-protocol IPv4/IPv6 routing daemons (BGP4+/BGP/RIPng/RIP2 routing software (now includes DVMRP and PIM-DM).
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A PC running Linux and suitable server program make a very good web server or web proxy. Linux is now a significant factor in web server market place. Some estimates say that Linus is running as much as 25 percent or 26 percent of all the Web servers in the world. The most commonly run web server program on Linux systems is Apache.

Linux Virtual Server
- The Linux Virtual Server is a highly scalable and highly available server built on a cluster of real servers, with the load balancer running on the Linux operating system. The architecture of the cluster is transparent to end users. End users only see a single virtual server.
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This section gives you information how you can access network packets at low level under Linux. This kind of information is useful if you are implementing applications like firewalls and network traffic analyzers or your own special experimental protocol extensions. The tun interface is a virtual point-to-point network interface, which works as any normal network interface in the BSD/Linux kernels with the exception that packets are not written to a hardware device, but are written to a file that can be read by a user process. The tap interface is similar to the tun interface, but instead of providing a virtual point-to-point link, it provides a virtual Ethernet link.Libpcap is a library that provides promiscuous mode access to network interfaces. Libpcap is a system-independent interface for user-level packet capture written at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Libpcap provides a portable framework for low-level network monitoring. Applications include network statistics collection, security monitoring, network debugging, etc. Libpcap has system-independent API that is used by several applications, including tcpdump and arpwatch. The original library used to run only on Unix, but there are now also versions for other platforms. Libpcap has system-independent API that is used by several applications, including tcpdump and arpwatch.Netfilter is a library to capture the network data and send it to userspace. Then you can do whatever you want with it before deciding to drop it or accept it.

Linux netfilter Hacking HOWTO
- describes the netfilter architecture for Linux, how to hack it, and some of the major systems which sit on top of it, such as packet filtering, connection tracking and Network Address Translation
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NetSpec
- NetSpec is a tool that was designed to simplify the process of doing network testing, as opposed to doing point to point testing. NetSpec provides a fairly generic framework that allows a user to control multiple processes across multiple hosts from a central point of control. NetSpec consists of daemons that implement traffic sources/sinks and various passive measurement tools.
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tcpdump/libpcap
- The home of a well known network traffic analyzing software and the cross-platform packet capture library it uses. Libpcap provides promiscuous mode access to network interfaces. Libpcap is a system-independent interface for user-level packet capture written at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Libpcap provides a portable framework for low-level network monitoring. Applications include network statistics collection, security monitoring, network debugging, etc. Libpcap has system-independent API that is used by several applications, including tcpdump and arpwatch. The original library used to run only on Unix, but there are now also versions for other platforms. Libpcap has system-independent API that is used by several applications, including tcpdump and arpwatch.
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Universal TUN/TAP device driver Frequently Asked Question
- The TUN is Virtual Point-to-Point network device that provides /dev/tunX character device and tunX virtual Point-to-Point interface. The TAP is a Virtual Ethernet network device that provides /dev/tapX character device and tapX - virtual Ethernet interface. Userland application can write frame to character device and kernel will receive this frame from vistual interface. This works also in other direction.
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Linux computer cna easily work as an FTP server. FTP protocol is useful for distributing files and transferring files from computer to another. The most commonly used FTP servers software in Linux environment is wu-ftpd, which comes with many Linux distributions. Generally it works fine when everythign is set in the right way. If you sometimes in some systems that when a ftp client first connects to the server, it has a pretty long wait time. like about 30 to 60 seconds, and once the login comes up everything else is of normal, you might have some name lookup problems. Wu-ftp in many default configurations tries to do reverse name lookup in an attempt to provide a sense of security. This isapparently what is going on for that time period between when youconnect and when the login prompt appears. To get this thing to work smoothly, you need to make your reverse name lookup to work nicely or you need to turn this feature off. This same problem san sometimes happen with other service (for example with telnetd).

When running under Windows, mails are usually received and sent via the mail client. Although this method can also be used for Linux with programs such as Netscape Communicator or Outlook Express, it is more common to apply a different procedure allowing greater ease of use and multi-user operation. A Linux PC can act as a very good e-mail server when configured well to do that.

Mail Filtering with Procmail
- Procmail is a program for filtering electronic mail. It is very useful for presorting and preprocessing large amounts of incoming mail. You can use it to sort out mail from mailing lists, to dispose of junk mail, to send automatic replies, or even to run a mailing list. This document is meant as a gentle introduction to the use of Procmail.
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Postfix
- Postfix is the freeware project to provide an alternative to the widely-used Sendmail program. Postfix attempts to be fast, easy to administer, and hopefully secure, while at the same time being sendmail compatible enough to not upset your users.
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Procmail
- This is the home page of the procmail mail processing suite. Procmail can be used to create mail-servers, mailing lists, sort your incoming mail into separate folders/files (real convenient when subscribing to one or more mailing lists or for prioritising your mail), preprocess your mail, start any programs upon mail arrival (e.g. to generate different chimes on your workstation for different types of mail) or selectively forward certain incoming mail automatically to someone.
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Procmail FAQ
- This is a FAQ for Procmail, the mail processing utility for Unix. This Procmail FAQ is an attempt at answering the most often asked questions and straightening out the most frequent misconceptions about Procmail. This is no substitute for the manuals, and indeed presupposes some familiarity with the program's regular documentation.
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SmartList
- SmartList is built on top of procmail and provides for the simple creation and handling of mailing lists, including fully automated subscription/unsubscription/help-request processing, intelligent autoremoval of addresses from the list that cause too many bounces, a built in archive server (with MIME support), and just about all the other mailing list features you can think of.
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The UNIX Vacation Program
- The UNIX vacation program will automatically send e-mail to anyone who sends you e-mail while you are not checking your e-mail account. Therefore, your correspondents will know that you can't be reached--at least temporarily--by e-mail.
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A quick overview of SMTP
- SMTP is the Internet protocol used to transfer electronic mail between computers. This attempts to be a quick overview of SMTP and related concepts, explaining enough of how it works so that the reader can follow reasonable technical discussions.
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CIPE - Crypto IP Encapsulation
- This is an ongoing project to build encrypting IP routers. The protocol used is as lightweight as possible. It is designed for passing encrypted packets between prearranged routers in the form of UDP packets. This is not as flexible as IPSEC but it is enough for the original intended purpose: securely connecting subnets over an insecure transit network.
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Linux VPN Masquerade
- VPN Masquerade is the part of IP Masquerade which enables you to use IPsec-based and PPTP-based Virtual Private Network clients from behind a shared-access firewall.
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Setting up a VPN Gateway
- The VPN firewall discussed in this article will run on just about any 486-or-better PC that has 16MB or more main memory and two Linux-compatible Ethernet network cards. This article shows you how to set up, at minimal expense, a working VPN gateway that uses the IETF's (Internet Engineering Task Force) IPSec (internet protocol security) specification.
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IP traffic accounting

The IP accounting features of the Linux kernel allow you to collect and analyze some network usage data. The data collected comprises the number of packets and the number of bytes accumulated since the figures were last reset.

IP Accounting (for Linux-2.0)
- The IP accounting features of the Linux kernel allow you to collect and analyze some network usage data. The data collected comprises the number of packets and the number of bytes accumulated since the figures were last reset.
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Linux ip accounting package (ipac)
- ipac is an ip accounting package for linux. It collects, summarizes and nicly displays ip accounting data. The output of ipac can be a simple ascii table, an ascii graph or even images with graphs, showing traffic progression. ipac can be used for ip traffic analysis and for accounting purposes.
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Voice Over IP is a new communication means that let you telephone with Internet at almost null cost. With suitable software a Linux PC can act as an IP telephone for voice and video communications.

Bayonne
- Bayonne, the telecommunications application server of the GNU project, offers free, scalable, media independent software environment for development and deployment of telephony solutions for use with current and next generation telephone networks.
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OpenH323 Project
- The OpenH323 project aims to create a full featured, interoperable, Open Source implementation of the ITU H.323 teleconferencing protocol that can be used by personal developers and commercial users without charge.
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Linux is well known for its ability to pump bits down a network wire. Nonetheless, situations do arise where one wants to put some limits on what a Linux box can put out. There are different traffice performance controlling and traffic shaping methods to control how much traffic a Linux PC will put out or route.

CBQ.init
- a simple shell script for setting up a smart ethernet shaper based on CBQ (Class Based Queueing) for Linux Development Kernels and the ip-route utility by A.Kuznetsov
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Traffic Shaping using Linux
- Traffic shaping is the general term given to a broad range of techniques designed to enforce prioritization policies on the transmission of data over a network link. This article takes a look at some of the IP traffic shaping tools available for Linux and a simple example of how to use them.
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ngrep - network grep
- ngrep strives to provide most of GNU grep's common features, applying them to the network layer. ngrep is a pcap-aware tool that will allow you to specify extended regular expressions to match against data payloads of packets. It currently recognizes TCP, UDP and ICMP across Ethernet, PPP, SLIP, FDDI and null interfaces, and understands bpf filter logic in the same fashion as more common packet sniffing tools, such as tcpdump and snoop. This program is available for Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris, Digital Unix and Windows 9x/Windows NT (Win32).
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TTT: Tele Traffic Tapper (version 1.6)
- ttt is yet another descendant of tcpdump but it is capable of real-time, graphical, and remote traffic-monitoring. ttt won't replace tcpdump, rather, it helps you find out what to look into with tcpdump. ttt monitors the network and automatically picks up the main contributors of the traffic within the time window. The graphs are updated every second by default.
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Linux USB Ethernet support from Scyld
- This is a collections of user-level programs to report the status of and verify the basic functionality of an ethercard. Most programs report the link status and interface configuration. The chip-specific programs can read (and sometimes write) the EEPROM setup table of software-configured cards.
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The linux-wlan(tm) Project
- The goal of the linux-wlan(tm) Project is to develop a complete, standards based, wireless LAN system using the GNU/Linux operating system. What differentiates this project from the Linux wireless extensions and other Linux wireless projects is that everything is based on the IEEE 802.11 standard.
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Project Etherboot
- Etherboot is Open Source code for creating boot ROMs for network booting x86 platforms. It is also a coordination point for information about free software related to network booting.
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EtherBoot Project
- Etherboot is a software package for creating ROM images that can download code over an Ethernet network to be executed on an x86 computer. Etherboot is normally used for for booting PCs diskless. Etherboot is usually used to load Linux, FreeBSD or DOS.
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Programming networking applications

Whenyou want to write your own networking programs, take a look at the links in this section.

RTnet: Hard Real-Time Networking for Linux/RTAI
- RTnet is an Open Soure hard real-time network protocol stack for RTAI (real-time Linux extension). It is based on standard Ethernet hardware and already supports several popular card chip sets. RTnet implements UDP/IP, ICMP and ARP in a deterministic way. It provides a standard BSD socket API to be used with RTAI kernel modules and NEWLXRT processes. To avoid unpredictable collisions on the ethernet, an additional protocol layer called RTmac controls the media access. A dedicated Ethernet segment is required to guarantee bounded transmission delays, but RTnet also includes a mechanism to tunnel non real-time traffic like TCP/IP over RTmac, thus allowing a "single-cable" solution for connecting control systems.
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The Functionally-Overloaded Linux Kernel
- The FOLK project is aiming to produce a patch containing as many Linux Kernel experimental projects, bug-fixes and tweaks as humanly possible. The idea isn't to worry about quality, bloat, or any other "detail", but rather to give developers one additional way to showcase ideas and give interested users a way to try things out without having to spend a lifetime finding what's out there, another lifetime upgrading the patch to the current kernel and a third lifetime fixing all the rejected diffs.
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GCC home page
- GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) development is a part of the GNU Project, aiming to improve the compiler used in the GNU system including the GNU/Linux variant. Currently GCC contains front ends for C, C++, Objective C, Fortran, and Java as well as libraries for these languages (libstdc++, libgcj). Ada front-end is coming.
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Kernel API changes from 2.2 to 2.4
- The 2.4 linux kernel promises to have many cleanups and new features added. Changes should include many improvements in speed, resource utilisation and scalability compared to 2.0. Some of these improvements will require changes to the kernel API (the programming interface to internal kernel services). If you maintain a 3rd party driver, filesystem or other kernel code, this document may provide a few quick tips to help port from kernel 2.2 to 2.4.
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Linux SuperVGA Graphics Library SVGAlib
- SVGAlib is a low-level graphics library for Linux. It augments the C programming language, which doesn't provide support for graphics without external library functions. SVGAlib provides an easy way to create graphical applications and eliminates the rigmarole of the X Window System.
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Secure Programming for Linux and Unix HOWTO
- This book provides a set of design and implementation guidelines for writing secure programs for Linux and Unix systems. Such programs include application programs used as viewers of remote data, web applications (including CGI scripts), network servers, and setuid/setgid programs. Specific guidelines for C, C++, Java, Perl, PHP, Python, TCL, and Ada95 are included.
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Syscall specifications of Linux
- The scope of the specifications is general enough to serve for specification document for designing Linux personalities for microkernels or for creating Linux compatible libraries. It contains the complete specifications of the interface. The description of each syscall contains a rough sketch (almost pseudo-code) of the code that needs written in order to implement the syscall correctly for Linux compatiblity.
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The Linux File Access Primitives
- One of the most important abstractions of the POSIX API is the file. While nearly all operating systems provide files for permanent storage, all versions of UNIX provide access to most system resources through the file abstraction. More concretely, this means that Linux uses the same set of system calls to provide access to devices (such as floppy disks and tape devices), networking resources (most commonly TCP/IP connections), system terminals, and even kernel status information. Thanks to their ubiquity, fluency in file-related system calls is important for every Linux programmer.
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The Linux Programmer's Guide
- The Linux Programmer's Guide is meant to do what the name implies-- It is to help Linux programmers understand the peculiarities of Linux. By its nature, this also means that it should be useful when porting programs from other operating systems to Linux.
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Driver is a program that controls a device.A driver acts like a translator between the device and programs that use thedevice. Each device has its own set of specialized commands that only its driver knows. In contrast, most programs access devices by using genericcommands. The driver, therefore, accepts generic commands from a programand then translates them into specialized commands for the device.Every device, whether it be a printer, diskdrive, or keyboard, must have a driver program. Many drivers, such as thekeyboard driver, come with the operating system. For other devices, you mayneed to load a new driver when you connect the device to your computer.Linux support already many devices, but many perople (both first time usersand experienced users) wish Linux had better hardware support.The reason for lack of the drivers for many devices is thatthe device manufacturers write the Windows driver. Microsoft can simply sit there and wait for device manufacturers to write Windows drivers and send them in. Manufacturers must either support Windows or not sell enough product to make a profit. For a Linux distribution to write all their own drivers they'd have to buy almost every kind of hardware out there, and none of them except maybe Red Hat can afford to do that, so Linux hardware support is dependent on the community.The reason that manufacturers do not write Linux drivers is lowe volumes.If the most commonly used statistics are anywhere near accurate, there are nearly 20 times as many Windows users as Linux users. So for consumer markers many manufacturers have hard time to justify writing drivers and reveal product details to competitors (if they write open source driver, some details are revealed). We're starting to see pretty good manufacturer-supplied Linux driver support at the server and enterprise hardware level, because Linux is now a significant factor in that marketplace.

General information

Kernel Korner: The Linux keyboard driver
- When you press a key on the console keyboard, the corresponding character is not simply added to the tty (generic terminal handling) input buffers as if it had come in over a serial port. A lot of processing is required before the kernel knows what the correct characters are. Only after processing can the generic tty code, which handles all interactive terminal devices, take over.
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Solving problems

Resolving Linux PCI Interrupt Problems
- PCI bus is designed so that multiple devices may physically share a single interrupt line and most current Linux device drivers for PCI devices support this feature, but there are exceptions and several potential problem you may encounter
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In Linux not all I/O controlling needs to go through drivers.You can make special programs which make calls ioperm() to get permissions to access a port directly. Please note what ioperm manpage states: "ioperm is Linux specific and should not be used in programs intented to be portable. "On other operating systems there may be a call thats smiliar to iopermor there may be a completely different way of getting access to ioports.

Linux is fast proving to be a popular operating system for embedded network devices. It's advantages are royalty free licensing, reliable IP stack and TCP/IP Applications, source code for the OS Kernel is open and the source code for the toolchains is open.Linux supports a large range of peripherals, file systems and communication protocols, so it can be customized to many uses quite easily.There is one key difference between Linux on normal workstation environment and many embedded applications which you should keep on mind.On normal Linux system your proprietary code can be a separate executable file, which allows you to keep your proprietary code to yourself, but have to disclose any modifications to the kernel or library, because they are within the same binary object with the GPL code. In embedded, you typically link eveerything into a single binary image, oneneeds to very carefully read the license text to figure out what that really means. For example if you use LGPL code in you project you have to make it LGPL. If you just link against a library licensed under LGPL, you can be much more free what you can do.

BusyBox: The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux
- BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the utilities you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils, grep, gzip, tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment for any small or embedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have fewer options than their full-featured GNU cousins; however, the options that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much like their GNU counterparts. BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize your embedded systems.
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Linux for PowerPC Embedded Systems HOWTO
- These instructions are intended for developers who wish to build kernels and/or application on an x86 Linux platform targeted for a PPC Linux platform. Often this is desirable if one has a faster x86 host system or the target environment is not practical to host a development environment.
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DIAPM RTAI - Realtime Application Interface
- This is the homepage of RTAI - the Realtime Linux Application Interface for Linux - which lets you write applications with strict timing constraints for your favourite operating system. Like Linux itself this software is a community efford.
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Embedding Linux in a DiskOnChip
- Learn how to build a custom Linux image and install it on the DiskOnChip module without violating the GPL. This article guides you through the process of building a custom Linux image and installing it on the DiskOnChip in such a way that you will not violate the GPL. The image will be bootable and you will be able to distribute the hardware without any sort of spinning media; hard drive, floppy drive or CD-ROM.
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Linux as an Embedded Operating System
- Article from Embedded Systems magazine - Does Linux have potential as an embedded operating system? Should vendors of high-end commercial RTOSs quake in their Bruno Maglis? This article assesses Linux's features, robustness, limitations, and most importantly, its real-time facilities.
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Linux Automation
- information pool for engineers who want to have an overview about which electronic components, development ressources, software tools, solution providers, distributors etc. are available on the market if they want to use Linux as their tool to solve real live industrial problems
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Linux for PowerPC Embedded Systems HOWTO
- This document is an attempt to tell you what you need to know to use Linux on an embedded PowerPC-based system, and is a distillation of the collective wisdom from the linuxppc-embedded mailing list. This document is laid out roughly in the order of the steps necessary to implement a complete system, which is similar to boot order starting at the lowest level and working upwards.
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LinuxPPC
- about the PowerPC port of Linux, what hardware is supported, what software is included, and what other software is available
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Linux on an iPAQ
- Using a Compaq 3650 iPAQ can at first be a bit of a mind-blowing experience. You're holding in your hand a 206-MHz StrongArm processor, 32 megabytes of RAM, and a 240-by-320 pixel color LCD screen. Other than the display, this is better than what we had on our desks only a few short years ago!
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Pick and place: Linux grabs the embedded market
- Built with contributions from hundreds of software experts, the Linux operating system has captured the attention of embedded-system developers worldwide. Linux is no longer just the open-source operating system that you must download, modify, troubleshoot, and maintain yourself for your embedded application. In fact, commercial Linux support is appearing throughout the embedded industry. Vendors of bus modules and single-board computers now offer Linux preconfigured with their products. Silicon vendors are releasing new microprocessors with Linux configurations available. And software vendors maintain and support more than a dozen off-the-shelf Linux distributions as commercial products for embedded applications.
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The Case for Embedded Linux
- Just as it did in the server world before, the Linux craze is starting to sweep through the communication sector. All around the industry, tiny Linux penguins are popping up. And with them, designers are beginning to find a home for Linux in their designs. The question must be raised: Can an embedded Linux RTOS truly enable differentiation in a system design?
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The Embedded Linux "Cool Devices" Quick Reference Guide
- All this stuff about Embedded Linux 'taking off like a rocket' sounds great, but are any companies really shipping Embedded Linux in real products? . . . and, if so, when are some of these Embedded Linux based products going to start hitting the market?" The answer is "You bet, they're designing Embedded Linux into real products -- and lots of 'em!" As for when these products will start shipping to customers. Here, then, is a summary of some of the Embedded Linux based devices that have been disclosed publicly.
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uClibc - a C library for embedded systems
- uClibc is a C library for embedded Linux systems. . It is much smaller then the GNU C Library, but nearly all applications supported by glibc also work perfectly with uClibc. Porting applications from glibc to uClibc typically involves just recompiling the source code.
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Resources

Linux VME Howto
- This document shows the embedded system community how to run Linux on their VMEbus Pentium and other PCI local bus based VMEbus processor designs.
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The LinuxBIOS Home Page
- LinuxBIOS is an Open Source project aimed at replacing the normal BIOS with a little bit of hardware initialization and a compressed Linux kernel that can be booted from a cold start.
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uClinux
- uClinux is a Linux systems for microprocessors without MMU. uClinux is a set of patches under the GPL (GNU Public License) to standard Linux which allows the Linux API to be used for microprocessors that lack an MMU (Memory Management Unit). This Linux version currently runs on Motorola 68K, MCF5206 and MCF5207.
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General

Realtime APIs

Linux-SRT
- This soft real-time API which provides performance-enmhancing to any Linux program without requiring the program to be modified or recompiled. Linux-SRT is no longer being actively maintained.
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RTLinux
- hard real-time Linux API originally developed at New Mexico Institute of Technology, information also available at
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General projects

Open Collector
- Open Collerctor pages are intended to encourage the growth of Open Hardware and to provide a resource for those working on it. Open Collector carries listings and news for free EDA software and circuit designs. Open Collector supports gEDA.
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Lm_sensors
- This is the home page for the effort of building and providing some essential tools for monitoring the hardware health of Linux systems containing hardware health monitoring hardware such as the LM78 and LM75. This ongoing project includes general libraries and hardware-specific software.
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AfterStep
- AfterStep is a window manager for the Unix X Window System. Based on the look and feel of the NeXTStep interface, it provides end users with a consistent, clean, and elegant desktop.
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GNOME
- The GNOME Project is an effort to create a complete, free and easy-to-use desktop environment for users, as well as a powerful application development framework for software developers. GNOME is Free Software and part of the GNU project, dedicated to giving users and developers the ultimate level of control over their desktops, their software, and their data.
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KDE
- KDE is a powerful Open Source graphical desktop environment for Unix workstations. It combines ease of use, contemporary functionality, and outstanding graphical design with the technological superiority of the Unix operating system.
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Window Maker
- Window Maker is an X11 window manager originally designed to provide integration support for the GNUstep Desktop Environment. In every way possible, it reproduces the elegant look and feel of the NEXTSTEP[tm] user interface. It is fast, feature rich, easy to configure, and easy to use. It is also free software, with contributions being made by programmers from around the world.
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LyX
- LyX is an advanced open source document processor running on many Unix platforms and OS/2, and experimentally under Windows/Cygwin. Unlike standard word processors, LyX encourages an approach to writing based on the structure of your documents, not their appearance. LyX lets you concentrate on writing, leaving details of visual layout to the software. LyX produces high quality, professional output -- using LaTeX, an industrial strength typesetting engine, in the background.
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XEmacs
- XEmacs is a highly customizable open source text editor and application development system. XEmacs has an active development community numbering in the hundreds, and runs on Windows 95 and NT, Linux and nearly every other version of Unix in existence.
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ImageMagick
- ImageMagickTM is a robust collection of tools and libraries to read, write, and manipulate an image in many image formats (over 68 major formats) including popular formats like TIFF, JPEG, PNG, PDF, PhotoCD, and GIF. Image processing operations are available from the command line, as well as through C, C++, Perl, or Java programming interfaces.
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Ethereal
- Ethereal is a free network protocol analyzer for Unix and Windows. It allows you to examine data from a live network or from a capture file on disk. You can interactively browse the capture data, viewing summary and detail information for each packet. Ethereal has several powerful features, including a rich display filter language and the ability to view the reconstructed stream of a TCP session.
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Nessus
- The "Nessus" Project aims to provide to the internet community a free, powerful, up-to-date and easy to use remote security scanner. A security scanner is a software which will audit remotely a given network and determine whether bad guys (aka 'crackers') may break into it, or misuse it in some way.
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PPPoE
- PPPoE (Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet) is a protocol used by many ADSL Internet Service Providers. Roaring Penguin has a free client for Linux, NetBSD and Solaris systems to connect to PPPoE service providers.
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Samba
- an open source software suite that provides seamless file and cprint services to SMB/CIFS clients like Windows computers
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Virtual Network Computing (VNC)
- VNC is a remote display system which allows you to view a computing 'desktop' environment not only on the machine where it is running, but from anywhere on the Internet and from a wide variety of machine architectures
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Net-SNMP
- Net-SNMP is a suite of applications used to implement SNMP v1, SNMP v2c and SNMP v3 using both IPv4 and IPv6.
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Ethereal
- Ethereal is a free network protocol analyzer for Unix and Windows. It allows you to examine data from a live network or from a capture file on disk. You can interactively browse the capture data, viewing summary and detail information for each packet.
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MRTG
- The Multi Router Traffic Grapher (MRTG) is a tool to monitor the traffic load on network-links. MRTG generates HTML pages containing GIF images which provide a LIVE visual representation of this traffic.
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ntop
- ntop is a Unix tool that shows the network usage, similar to what the popular top Unix command does. ntop is based on libpcap and it has been written in a portable way in order to virtually run on every Unix platform and on Win32 as well.
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pdump
- pdump is a highly configurable packet sniffer and injector/creator written in Perl, that dumps, greps, monitors, creates, and modifies traffic on a network. It combines many of the features found in tcpdump, ngrep, tcptrace, dsniff (and its sub-programs such as webspy, urlsnarf, tcpkill, mailsnarf, etc), pfilt, macof, and xpy.
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Mozilla Thunderbird
- Mozilla Thunderbird is a redesign of the Mozilla mail component, a cross platform stand alone mail application using the XUL user interface language under development
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The Anomy mail tools
- The Anomy sanitizer is what most people would call "an email virus scanner". That description is not totally accurate, but it does cover one of the more important jobs that the sanitizer can do for you - it can scan email attachments for viruses.
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PMFirewall
- PMFirewall is an Ipchains Firewall and Masquerading Configuration Utility for Linux. It is designed to allow a beginner to build a custom firewall with little or no ipchains experience. This firewall should work for most Workstations, Servers, and Dual NIC routers using either a dialup, DSL, Cable, or LAN setup. It is restrictive to outside attacks while still being as transparent as possible to those inside.
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Snort
- Snort is a lightweight network intrusion detection system, capable of performing real-time traffic analysis and packet logging on IP networks. It can perform protocol analysis, content searching/matching and can be used to detect a variety of attacks and probes, such as buffer overflows, stealth port scans, CGI attacks, SMB probes, OS fingerprinting attempts, and much more.
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wvWare
- wv is a library which allows access to Microsoft Word files. It can load and parse the word 2000, 97, 95 and 6 file formats. wv allows other programs access to Word documents for the purpose of converting them to other formats (for example HTML).
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4PharmaIT
- 4PharmaIT is the International Pharma IT Portal that provides IT professionals working in Life Science industries with a forum to find and exchange technical solutions and develop partnerships with technology providers. 4PharmaIT supports Linux and Open Source technologies for GxP regulated environments.
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