0:10Skip to 0 minutes and 10 secondsHello. As part of the One Health course, it's very important that we understand how humans and animals relate together. Today, we would like to discuss this together with two students. This is Daniela Rodriguez from Mexico, and this is Mohammed Ibrahim from Ethiopia. Could you present yourself please, Daniela? Thank you, Jakob. Well, as you said, I'm from Mexico, born and raised in Mexico City. And it's a very big city, it's over 20 million inhabitants, it's a very busy place. But currently I’m living in Basel doing my PhD in epidemiology at the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute. And the project I'm working on it's in malaria control and surveillance in Papua New Guinea.

1:05Skip to 1 minute and 5 secondsSo we are evaluating the impact of malaria intervention towards elimination of malaria in Papua New Guinea. Thank you. And you, Mohammed? Well, I’m from Ethiopia, and my background is pastoralist, which mainly depend on livestock.

1:28Skip to 1 minute and 28 secondsAnd I used to look after livestock in my childhood like that of my ancestors do. Now I’m here as a student, PhD student in epidemiology in University of Basel at the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute. And my research project is on one of the precious and very lovely species in Somali community which is camel. And I will look at the camel zoonosis, and is public health importance in Ethiopia Somali regional state. Thank you very much, Mohammed and Daniela.

2:17Skip to 2 minutes and 17 secondsWhat is interesting, and actually strange, in the human-animal relationship is that we have animals that we like very much, but we have also animals we are afraid of, there are animals we would even eat, there are animals we consider as a nuisance, and there are animals we think they should be better protected. How is this for you Daniela, in Mexico? For me? Well animals I like, for example, as companion would be dogs and cats. But I also like wild animals in the ocean, for example, sea turtles. And I also really like these HeroRATs that are giant pouched rats that are used to detect tuberculosis and landmines.

3:08Skip to 3 minutes and 8 secondsWell about animals I'm afraid of, I'm afraid of snakes, in general poisonous animals like scorpions, and I don't like big cats, I am afraid of them, like lions or leopards. Animals I consume I would say I eat beef, pork, and in some parts of Mexico there's people that eat insects like ants or grasshoppers and I also like them. I think that animals that need more protection in general is wildlife in the mainland and in the ocean, but also some farm animals in the industrial meat production and industrial production of eggs. Thank you very much, Daniela. How is it for you, Mohammed? Well I like many animals, but the major ones that I like are camel or calves.

4:08Skip to 4 minutes and 8 secondsThe animals that I am afraid of are, for example, crocodiles, snakes, lion, and scorpions. Regarding the animals which I consume are camel, beef, sheep, goat. And animals which need protection, the main ones are the wildlife animals and wild birds in general. If you watch our list you see that we agree on some animals, but we have also different views on others. How is your perception of that? Well, I think we all like cats and cows, we are afraid of poisonous animals like scorpions or snakes, and we also agree that the wildlife, animals in general, need some protection from humans. So Mohammed, we are also diverging in some perceptions of animals. Yeah.

5:28Skip to 5 minutes and 28 secondsWith regard to how we value animals, especially dogs and the pigs, differ because of background and because of religious reasons. For example, in my area, we don't keep dogs at home, but in a few rural areas they keep dogs to look after their livestock. But about the pigs, we never keep nor eat the meat from pigs because of religious reasons. So you mentioned religious and cultural reasons that determine how you relate to animals. So how is this for you in Mexico, Daniela? Well in Mexico, I would say over 80% of the population is Catholic.

6:24Skip to 6 minutes and 24 secondsAnd that doesn't have a lot of restrictions in our diet, so we would consume beef but also pork, then we also consume a lot of products from the sea. And there are different groups in the country which still practise some pre-Hispanic traditions, and they would add to their diets things like turtle eggs or even iguana. But we are also concerned about these species, as both of them are endangered, then they are protected. So only people in this specific cultural background, and in specific geographical area, could consume this kind of meat, for example.

7:09Skip to 7 minutes and 9 secondsWell, in this class we have discussed commonalities, but also differences in how we value animals in the animal-human relationship in general between different cultures.

7:25Skip to 7 minutes and 25 secondsThese differences in the human-animal relationship is very important in One Health, and in the next classes you will learn methods how we can assess human and animal health simultaneously, and also its economic, its security value, or also its emotional value. It is thereby very important that we ourselves know our animal-human relationship, we call this a self-reflexive attitude. This helps us to understand how in other cultures the animal-human relationship is perceived in a different way. So we were lucky to have today two students with us from different cultures who helped us to understand this issue. And I thank you very much, Daniela and Mohammed, to have participated in this class. I wish you all the best for your future studies.

A world of difference

Jakob Zinsstag, Daniela Rodriguez-Rodriguez and Mohammed Ibrahim Abdikadir discuss how they relate to animals. Similarities and differences between them become quickly apparent.

Our attitudes towards different animals depend on cultural and religious aspects. As we address the concept of One Health it is advisable to investigate our own attitude in order to become aware of it. As a starting point, Daniela, Mohammed and Jakob have categorised their attitudes. They asked themselves:

Which animals do I like?
Of which animals am I afraid?
Which animals do I eat?
Which animals do I consider a nuisance?
Which animals do I feel need more protection?

The result is a table that shows nicely which attitudes they share and in which attitudes they differ. As they discuss their findings, explore how Daniela explains these questions in relation to Mexico and how Mohammed does the same for Somalia. You can also find a blank table in the ‘downloads’ section below. You might want to download it and investigate your own similarities and differences. Maybe it is a good idea for you to answer the five questions for yourself and compare it to the statements of Daniela, Jakob and Mohammed?