NAME
Getopt::LL - Flexible argument processing.
VERSION
This document describes Getopt::LL version 1.0.0
SYNOPSIS
use Getopt:LL qw(getoptions);
my $use_foo = 0;
my $options = getoptions({
'-t' => 'string',
'--verbose|-v' => 'flag',
'--debug|-d' => 'digit',
'--use-foo' => sub {
$use_foo = 1;
},
'-output|-o' => sub {
my ($getopt, $node) = @_;
my $next_arg = $getopt->get_next_arg($node);
if ($next_arg eq '-') {
$out_to_stdout = 1;
}
return $next_arg;
};
});
DESCRIPTION
Getopt::LL provides several ways for defining the arguments you want.
There is Getopt::LL::Simple for defining arguments on the -use-line-,
Getopt::LL::Short for abbreviated rules (that looks like Getopt::Long).
RULES
-Rules- is the guidelines Getopt::LL follows when it meets new options.
The rules defines what options we want, which options are required, and
what to do with an option.
A simple rule-set could be written like this:
my $rules = {
'-foo' => 'string',
'-bar' => 'string',
'--verbose' => 'digit',
'--debug' => 'flag',
};
Rule types/actions.
The argument to an rule is what we call a rule type or rule action. It
can be one of the following:
* 'flag'
The option is a flag. The value of the option will be boolean true.
* 'string'
The option is a string. The value of the option will be the next
argument in the argument list.
* 'digit'
The option is a number. The value of the option will be the next
argument in the argument list. The value will be sent to
"is_digit($value)" to check that it's really a number. If it's not a
number and the "die_on_type_mismatch" option is set, the program will
die with a type mismatch error message.
A digit can also be a hex value if it begins with -0x-, any hex value
will be converted to a decimal value.
* A regular expression: "qr/ /"
The next argument will be matched against the regular expression. If it
doesn't match the program will die with the message
Argument [--arg] doesn't match [regular-expression].
* An anonymous subroutine. "sub { }"
The sub-routine will be called with the following arguments
1. $_[0] - The Getopt::LL object.
2. $_[1] - The current argument node (A Getopt::LL::DLList::Node]
object).
3. $_[2] - The argument name.
4. $_[3] - If an argument value was set by the user with "--arg=value",
the value is in this variable.
The return value of the anonymous subroutine will be the value of the
option.
Here is an example of a rule sub that simply assigns the value of the
next argument to the option value:
my $rules = {
'-foo' => sub {
my ($getopt, $node, $arg_name, $arg_value) = @_;
return $arg_value if $arg_value;
my $next_arg = $getopt->get_next_arg($node);
return $next_arg;
},
};
my $result = getoptions($rules);
print 'FOO IS: [', $result->{'-foo'}, "]\n";
if this program is called with the arguments: "-foo bar" or "-foo=bar"
it will print out this message:
FOO IS [bar]
Specifying required arguments.
There are two ways of specifying required arguments.
* Embedded in the rule name, by an exclamation point !.
my $rules = {
'-foo!' => 'string',
};
* Or by adding the "required" flag.
my $rules = {
'-foo' => {
type => 'string',
required => 1,
},
}
Adding default values to non-required arguments.
There are two ways of specifying default values.
* Embedded in the rule name, inside parens ( .. )
my $rules = {
'-bar(defaultValue)' => 'string',
};
* Or by adding a "default" key to the spec.
my $rules = {
'-bar' => {
type => 'string',
default => 'defaultValue',
},
};
DID YOU SAY SIMPLE?
With Getopt::LL::Simple you can define the arguments you want on the
-use-line-:
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
# we have three arguments:
# -f! (our filename, which is a s(tring) the ! means that it's
# a required argument.
# --verbose (print extra information about what we're doing, is a flag).
# --debug (the level of debugging information to print. is a
# d(igit).
#
use Getopt::LL::Simple qw(
-f!=s
--verbose
--debug|d=d
);
if ($ARGV{'--verbose'}) {
print "In verbose mode...\n";
}
if ($ARGV{'--debug'}) {
print 'Debugging level is set to: ', $ARGV{'--debug'}, "\n";
}
print "The contents of @ARGV is:\n";
prnit "\t", join{q{, }, @ARGV), "\n";
The options that was found is placed into %ARGV, the arguments that is
not an option is placed into @ARGV. So say we have run the program with
the following arguments:
./myprogram -f tmp.log --verbose --debug=3 foo bar
or
./myprogram -f tmp.log --verbose --debug 3 foo bar
it will give this output:
In verbose mode...
Debugging level is set to: 3
The contents of @ARGV is:
foo, bar
SUBROUTINES/METHODS
CONSTRUCTOR
"new(\%rules, \%options, \@opt_argv )"
Uses @ARGV if no "\@opt_argv" is present.
ATTRIBUTES
"rules"
"set_rules"
The list of rules passed to "new".
"options"
"set_options"
The options passed to "new".
"dll"
"set_dll"
Our arguments converted to a doubly linked list. (is a
Getopt::LL::DLList object).
"result"
"set_result"
The final argument hash.
"leftovers"
"set_leftovers"
Array of items in the argument list that does not start with - or --.
INSTANCE METHODS
"parseoption($argument, $node)"
This method is called for each argument to decide what to do with it.
"find_arg_type($argument)"
Find out what kind of argument this is.
If the argument starts with - (a single dash) it returns "short", but if
it starts with -- (two dashes) it returns "long".
"is_string($value, $option_name)"
Check if value is a proper string.
"is_digit($value, $option_name)"
Check if value is a digit. ("0-9+") If value starts with -0x-, it is
treated as a hex value.
"type_mismatch_error($type, $message)"
Called whenever a type does not match it's requirements.
"unknown_argument_error($argument)"
Called when a argument that has no rule is found. (turn off by setting
the "allow_unspecified" option to a true value).
"handle_rule($option_name, $rule, $node)"
Called when "parseoption()" finds an argument that we have an existing
rule for. This function decides what to do with the argument based on
it's "RULE_ACTION".
"get_next_arg($node)"
Get and delete the next argument. (Gets the next node in our doubly
linked list and deletes the current node)
"peek_next_arg($node)"
Look at the next argument, but don't delete it.
"get_prev_arg($node)"
Get and delete the previous argument.
"peek_prev_arg($node)"
Look at the previous argument, but don't delete it.
"delete_arg($node)"
Deletes the argument.
"rules_prepare(\%rules)"
Find and prepare aliases in the rule set.
"rules_postactions( )"
Things to do with rules after argument processing is done. Like adding
default values for arguments with default values defined and checking
for required arguments.
"show_help( )"
Print help for arguments to standard error. This is experimental and the
implementation is not exactly complete.
"show_usage( )"
Print usage to standard error. This is experimental and the
implementation is not exactly complete.
CLASS METHODS
"getoptions(\%rules, \%options, \@opt_argv)"
Parses and gets arguments based on the rules in "\%rules". Uses @ARGV if
"\@opt_arg" is not specified.
Returns hash with the arguments it found. @ARGV is replaced with the
arguments that does not start with - or --.
"opt_String($help_for_option)"
Shortcut for writing:
{
type => 'string',
help => $help_for_option,
}
"opt_Digit($help_for_option)"
Shortcut for writing:
{
type => 'digit',
help => $help_for_option,
}
"opt_Flag($help_for_option)"
Shortcut for writing:
{
type => 'flag',
help => $help_for_option,
}
PRIVATE INSTANCE METHODS
"_init()"
Called by new to traverse and parse the doubly linked list of arguments.
"_warn(@messages)"
Print a warning on the screen, but only if "$options->{silent}" is not
set.
PRIVATE CLASS METHODS
"_regex_as_text($regex)"
Quoted regexes are not very user-friendly to print directly, so this
function turns a quoted regex like:
(?xmsi:hello)
into:
/hello/xmsii
DIAGNOSTICS
CONFIGURATION AND ENVIRONMENT
This module requires no configuration file or environment variables.
DEPENDENCIES
* Class::Dot
* version
INCOMPATIBILITIES
None known.
BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
No bugs have been reported.
Please report any bugs or feature requests to bug-getopt-ll@rt.cpan.org,
or through the web interface at CPAN Bugtracker.
SEE ALSO
* Getopt::Long
* Getopt::Euclid
* Getopt::Declare
* Getopt::Attribute
TEST SUITE CODE COVERAGE
---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
File stmt bran cond sub pod time total
---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
lib/Getopt/LL.pm 100.0 98.6 94.4 100.0 100.0 38.2 99.2
lib/Getopt/LL/DLList.pm 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.1 100.0
lib/Getopt/LL/DLList/Node.pm 100.0 100.0 n/a 100.0 100.0 9.9 100.0
lib/Getopt/LL/Short.pm 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1.4 100.0
lib/Getopt/LL/Simple.pm 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 n/a 0.6 100.0
...topt/LL/SimpleExporter.pm 100.0 100.0 n/a 100.0 100.0 4.6 100.0
lib/Getopt/LL/properties.pm 100.0 100.0 n/a 100.0 n/a 30.2 100.0
Total 100.0 99.0 96.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 99.6
---------------------------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------
The summary was generated by Devel::Cover.
AUTHOR
Ask Solem, C<< ask@0x61736b.net >>.
LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT
Copyright (c), 2007 Ask Solem C<< ask@0x61736b.net >>.
All rights reserved.
This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.8.6 or, at
your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.
DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY
BECAUSE THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
FOR THE SOFTWARE, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN
OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
PROVIDE THE SOFTWARE "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE
ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS WITH
YOU. SHOULD THE SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL
NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
REDISTRIBUTE THE SOFTWARE AS PERMITTED BY THE ABOVE LICENSE, BE LIABLE
TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR
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