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SQL Data Sync is a service built on Azure SQL Database that lets you synchronize the data you select bi-directionally across multiple SQL databases and SQL Server instances.

Internal Mechanism & Performance impact:

Data Sync uses insert, update, and delete triggers to track changes. It creates side tables in the user database for change tracking. These change tracking activities have an impact on your database workload. Assess your service tier and upgrade if needed.

Since Data Sync is trigger-based, transactional consistency is not guaranteed. Microsoft guarantees that all changes are made eventually, and that Data Sync does not cause data loss.

Configurations:

1. Frequency can be set in seconds, minutes, hours and days (min 5 minutes)
2. You can choose and select desired tables and columns to sync
3. For on premises database you must configure a local DMG agent