Forging Democracy

The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000

Geoff Eley

Tour de force of synthesis and scholarship by major European historian.

Forging Democracy

The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000

Geoff Eley

Description

Democracy in Europe has been a relatively recent phenomenon. Only in the wake of World War Two did democratic forces become ensconced and, even then, it was to be decades before democracy truly blanketed the continent.

How then did liberal democracy become the order of the day? Neither given nor granted, democracy requires conflict, often violent confrontations, and challenges to the existing order. In Europe, Geoff Eley here convincingly illustrates, democracy did not evolve organically out of a postwar consensus, the prosperity of the long boom, or the negative cement of the Cold War. Rather, it was painstakingly crafted, continually expanded, and aggressively defended by a loose conglomeration of socialist, labour, feminist, and Communist movements that underwrote the industrial resurrection of Europe's ruined spirit. These parties of the left organised civil societies rooted in egalitarian ideals that came to from the very fibre of Europe's current democratic traditions. The trajectory of European democracy is thus inextricably connected with the history of the European Left.

Seeking neither to valorise nor condemn, Eley has given us the first truly comprehensive history of the European Left's successes and failures; its high watermarks and its low tides; its accomplishments, insufficiencies, and excesses; and, most importantly, its formative, lasting influence on the political landscape of the West. At a time when the influence and legitimacy - the very value - of Leftist democratic principles in frequently called into question, this book stands as a ringing, substantive affirmation of the power of human ideals and of collective organisation.

Forging Democracy

The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000

Geoff Eley

Table of Contents

Introduction: Defining the Left: Socialism, Democracy, and the PeoplePart One: Making Democracy Social: Preparing the Future 1: Marxism and the Left: Laying the Foundation 2: Industrialisation and the Making of the Working Class 3: The Rise of Labour Movement: The Forward March of History 4: Social Democracy and its Others: Socialism's Lacks 5: The Permanence of Capitalism?Part Two: Revolutionary Europe, 1914-1923 6: The Rupture of War: Crisis and the Reconstruction of the Left, 1914-17 7: The Russian Revolution 8: Breaking the Mold of Socialism: Left-Wing Communism, 1917-23 9: Germany and Italy: Two Cases 10: The Foundation of Communist Parties 11: Living the Future: The Left in Culture 12: The Politics of Gender: Women and the Left 13: A House DividedPart Three: Stabilisation and the "War of Position" 14: The Stability of Capitalism: With or Without Democracy 15: Stalinism and Western Marxism: Socialism in One Country 16: Fascism and the Popular Front, 1930-38: Politics of Retreat 17: People's War and People's Peace: Remaking the Nation, 1939-47 18: Closure: Postwar Communism, Welfare Capitalism, and the Cold War, 1945-56 19: 1956Part Four: Future Imperfect 20: 1968: It Moves After All 21: Feminism: Regendering the Left 22: Class and the Politics of Labour 23: New Politics, New Times: Remaking Socialism and Democracy 24: Gorbachev, End of Communism, and the Revolutions of 1989 25: New Social Movements: Politics Out of Doors 26: The Centre and the Margins: Decline or Renewal? Conclusion Appendix

Forging Democracy

The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000

Geoff Eley

Author Information

Geoff Eley, Professor of History, University of Michigan

Forging Democracy

The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000

Geoff Eley

Reviews and Awards

"... an impressive account ... It is ambitious, well written, and a welcome account ... comprehensive, detailed and comparative ... an important contribution to the scholarly literature on democracy and the Left ... This book is stimulating in its own terms, but it also opens a window for better understanding of the major twenty-first century ethical and egalitarian critique, the anti-globalization movement." - Mobilization

"Geoff Eley has written a substantial, complex, erudite book on European socialism, unfailingly interesting even when one does not agree with its emphasis or its sentiments. Its judicious mapping of the itinerary of the doctrine, its parties and its supporters, is fair and balanced." - Donald Sassoon, Times Literary Supplement

"Parties, activists, theories and ideas are all here, described with the professionalism of the consummate historian." - Donald Sassoon, Times Literary Supplement

"Histories of socialism can sometimes downgrade and lose sight of the fact that this was a movement in which poor people believed and which they, to a significant degree, built. But Mr Eley tells the story well. One of the books great virtues is that many of the men and women, especially those of lower class birth, who furthered the cause, are given biographies and space." - The Economist