Ghana, Mali and Songhay each became powerful in their times by controlling ____ in west Africa

TRADE

African ___ and African ___ played a big role in arousing European interest in world rescources

African PEOPLE
African GOODS

The Portuguese mainly wanted what from the Africans

GOLD- and all the African countries (the 3 mentioned) had it!

Portugal is on what continent?

Europe

Portugal brought what to trade with African countries of Ghana, Mali and Songhay?

metals, cloth and other manufactured goods

Timbuktu is in what African country?

MALI

What is so great about Timbuktu in Mali?

A really important trade center

Which empire maintained peace and order and expanded the original first empire?

The second one, MALI!

Which African empire traded elephant ivory?

The last- Songhay!

Which African empire had a well organized empire?

Songhay

Which African empire collected taxes from its people

Songhay- the last and most advanced!

Which African empire controlled trade routes across the Sahara Desert

Songhay- the last and most advanced!

Which African empire traded gold with Muslim merchants?

Songhay- the last and most advanced!

Which African empire controlled market cities?

Songhay- the last and most advanced!

Who is winning the race for exploration in the new world?

The Spanish

Where are they coming from ?

The continent of Europe- from the countries of Spain, France and England

Where are they racing to?

The continent of North America

Why isn't Portugal in the race?

Portugal is more interested in West Africa.

Where did the British settle in N America?

On the east coast-think where the 13 colonies are. AND in western (left) Canada. (French had right side of Canada)

Where did the Spanish settle in N America?

In Mexico and in southern California (Los Angeles means the angels)

Where did the French settle in N America?

inland - all up and down the Mississippi River valley and in Canada ( so Canadians speak French- oui, oui!)

What Country did Chris Columbus explore for?

Spain but Chris was from Italy!

What was Columbus's purpose for exploration?

He wanted a faster route to Asia by sailing the Atlantic

What were Columbus's accomplishments/discoveries?

He found San Salvador and claimed this island it for Spain. Also got gold and pearls!

Where did Columbus explore?

The NEW WORLD, including Central and South America

What was Columbus's (the Spanish) relationship with the Native Americans?

Columbus discovered indians (Taino) and used them as slaves to work in gold mines.

Who were the Taino Indians?

The indians from Central America that Christopher Columbus discovered.

In what way was religion different in Europe compared to the Indians in America?

Eur: one god (Catholicism)
N A indians: Many gods

In what way was the living different in Europe compared to the Indians in America?

Europe has cities and towns;
N A Indians move around as they have a nomadic culture

In what way were the jobs of people different in Europe compared to the Indians in America?

In Europe people were traders, merchants, farmers or soldiers- They were becoming all about expanding their domain.
In N A, Indians were farmers, hunters and gatherers- they were all about keeping their tribe thriving through food.

Why were European soldiers armored and on horses

So they could go in to battle. They basically battled for new territory- gim me, gim me gim me!!

ill and died in large numbers
Whole villages were destroyed
The Europeans lost a source of food and water

What really started the slave trade in North America?

So many N Americans died that there were no more "workers" so Europeans decide to import them from Africa

What did the exchange of FOOD, Material and IDEAS lead to

the invasion, conquest and colonization of North America

What 4 continents were involved in our study on the Age of Exploration?

ASIA
Europe
North America
Africa

T/F Marco Polo lived during the Renaissance

FALSITO! He was around in the 1200's . The Ren started in the 1400's and went thru to the 1600's

What did Marco Polo discover in China (or Cathay as they called it back then)?

Amazed by Chinese inventions like
gunpowder
compass-instrument used to find direction ("hey this might come in handy as we conquer the world!!"
paper money

The land route that was used for 100's of years to get goods to and from China, other Asian countries and Europe

The Silk Road or Silk Route

Was the Silk road really a road?

No it was more of a GROUP of overland (through mountains & deserts) trade routes between China and Italy

What 2 countries did the Silk Road connect?

China and Italy

Why was the Silk Road called such?

because Silk,(along with spices) were sought (desired) by the Europeans

Did most merchants and traders go allll the way from Italy to China (Cathay)?

No they went where they wanted to along the route, like to Alexandria in Egypt, or Baghdad in present day Iraq or in Constantinople in present day Turkey.

Why did the Europeans want spices so much (Not only cuz they tasted good)

They helped keep food fresh!

Ok so so Marco Polo ends up turning Europe's attention towards Asia. So why do they suddenly look to Africa and west to N America in the 1460s???

The turks the turks the turks! They captured the important trade city of Constantinople . Now they stood in the way of the Spice route. They closed this route to Asia. So Asian goods could no longer be got by Europeans!

Who was Prince Henry and where was he from?

Henry was King John of Portugal's son. King John asked his son to find a WATER route to Asia

How did Prince Henry of Portugal go about trying to find a WATER route to Asia

Sets up a Navigation School to train sailors to handle boats on the sea

What did Prince Henry include on his navigation school

sailors to sail
cartographers to make better maps
shipbuilders to make better ships
People to improve compasses and astrolabes

What is an Astrolabe?

a tool used by Prince Henry's navigation school that tells position of moon and sun-good to help know where you are

What is the ship called that Prince Henry's school used?

The Caravel

What are some advantages of the caravel?

It's square or triangular sails made it easier to control;
It could sail longer distances.
It could carry more cargo

What was the preferred sailing vessel for ocean exploration?

The caravel- easy to handle, can go farther than others, and carries more cargo

Why is Prince Henry called the "explorer who stayed home."

Though he organized more than 50 voyages south to Africa, he didn't go on even one!

Why did Prince Henry direct voyages down Africa's west coast?

He thought the quickest sea route to Asia was down and around to the right to Asia

In addition to goods, what else did the Portuguese get from the African empires?

SLAVES
By only 1460, Portugal was taking 800 slaves a year from Africa. They worked as servants in Europe.

A

A

Who is Vasco De Gama?

Portuguese explorer that came around 20 years after prince Henry. De Gama finally gets to Asia from Europe

Did Prince Henry ever get the sailing route to Asia?

No but he did explore a lot of W Africa and discovered the 3 African empires

What is the Cape of Good Hope?

This is the southern tip of Africa- V de Gama sailed around this to get to India which is in ASIA!!

What effect did De Gama's voyage to India have on Portugal?

1) Portugal trades more and gets wealthy
2) Portuguese influence and culture spreads to Africa and Asia through trade
3) Port qkly becomes one of the most important trading powers in the Indian Ocean

What effect did De Gama's voyage to India have on trade routes?

De Gama's voyage opened the Cape Route to India and led to the regular sailing of ships between Europe and Asia

Was de Gama's voyage easy?

No! When he sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and on to Indai he,lost most of his men. Only 55 of the 170 survived.

Why did Columbus go west?

He wanted a route to Asia and he thought going west (left) was faster. Otherwise he'd have to go dooown and around Africa.

What did Columbus assure Q Isabella & Kg Ferdinand about his "Asia" trip?

That he'd bring catholicism to the people there (Catholicism was an obsession with Ferdy and Queen Issy)

What is the first land the Columbus landed on once he crossed the stormy Atlantic?

The sunny lil' island he called San Salvador-means Holy Saviour- there's that Catholicism again!

Why oid Columbus call the natives on Salvador "Indians."

He thought he had reached Asia and was now in what was called the "Indies."

What is the sea around the islands that Columbus was exploring (including San Salvador?)