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August 2013 Issue

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7 Separation Anxiety Myths

Some “sep anx” dogs are exceptions to the rules.

By Nicole Wilde, CPDT-KA

As a canine behavior specialist, I’ve seen my share of dogs over the years who suffered from separation anxiety. The vast majority of my clients have been able to modify their dog’s distress when left alone, and I felt confident in my knowledge of the issue. Then my husband and I adopted a two-year-old Husky-mix from our local shelter, and everything changed.

Sierra didn’t exhibit the classic signs of separation anxiety, namely, destruction, urination and/or defecation, and vocalization. We’d leave her loose in the house alone and return to find everything intact, no mess, and no complaints from the neighbors about noise. I never would have suspected there was a problem except that when I was gone, even for short periods, I’d find her panting heavily. It wasn’t due to hot weather – we adopted her in late December – so I set up a video camera to monitor her activity.

Here’s what I discovered: Immediately after my departure, Sierra began pacing between the window where she could see my car pull out, and the French doors, where she could view it disappearing down the hill to the main road. The vocalizing that accompanied the pacing went from soft whimpering to a pronounced series of whines, and soon turned into barking. The barks became more urgent. Finally, she melted into a series of pitiful howls. Reviewing the footage tore at my heart. My girl was clearly suffering.

Donning my red cape, I instantly morphed from Dog Mom into Behavior Woman, able to solve tall canine conundrums in a single leap of logic. I used the same types of solutions that had worked for many of my clients, while simultaneously ensuring that Sierra was never left alone unless we were practicing our protocols.

But it soon became obvious that Sierra just hadn’t read the right books; she not only didn’t show typical symptoms, but she also didn’t respond to many of the things that normally worked. My red cape obviously needed some sprucing up.

Living with a dog who has separation issues is very different than giving someone else advice about doing so, and I soon developed deep empathy for owners. I also became a one-woman research and development team. I scoured the latest studies, read and re-read all the available literature, and tried out a variety of tools and techniques.

I eventually redesigned parts of my protocols, created outside-the-box tactics and, eventually, wrote a book about separation anxiety, Don’t Leave Me! Step by Step Help for Your Dog’s Separation Anxiety (Phantom Publishing, 2011). Along the way, I discovered that some of the long-held, traditionally accepted truths about separation issues just aren’t valid, at least for some dogs.

Here are seven common myths, and why you shouldn’t take them at face value:

1. Dogs Who Have Separation Anxiety are Always “Velcro” Dogs

This is a term commonly used for dogs who stick close by your side, not wanting to be away from you even for a moment. It’s true that many dogs with separation issues follow their owners around the house. Some owners can’t shower in peace, while others can’t even use the bathroom without taking their dogs in with them. And a 2001 study by Gerard Flannigan and Nicholas Dodman did find that hyperattachment to the owner was significantly associated with separation anxiety. With all of that, it makes sense to believe that all dogs with separation issues must be Velcro dogs.

Sierra shattered that particular myth for me. A true predator at heart, she enjoys nothing better than lying on the ramp outside the back door and surveying her domain. The hills that surround our house are plentiful with lizards, mice, bunnies, and other assorted critters. Sierra is very patient and lightning fast, and more than once I’ve found her with a hapless lizard hanging out of her mouth. (I keep threatening to sign her up for Predators Anonymous, but so far my warnings haven’t been heeded.) Suffice it to say that following me around the house is pretty boring compared to watching over her Wild Kingdom, and she’d prefer to be outside; that is, as long as she knows I’m in the house. Once she hears the car pull away it’s game over, and the stress of separation kicks in.

Sierra’s not the only one. There are plenty of other dogs who, while they might not be strongly predatory, are just fine in or outside the house a long as they know someone is at home. So don’t jump to conclusions. If your dog follows you around like drama follows Lindsay Lohan, it could be separation anxiety, but it’s not necessarily the case. And if your dog doesn’t shadow your every move, that doesn’t mean separation issues can be ruled out, either.

2. Letting Your Dog Sleep in Your Bed Will Cause Separation Anxiety

I can’t tell you the number of times I’ve heard trainers advise owners not to allow their dogs to sleep with them, for fear the dog would become so bonded that being left alone would become unbearable. Nothing could be further from the truth. The above-referenced study also concluded that “activities such as allowing the dog on the owner’s bed . . . were not associated with separation anxiety.”

While it’s true that sleeping in the owner’s bed won’t cause separation anxiety, if your dog already suffers from the issue, all of that nighttime closeness won’t help. After all, the goal is for your dog to learn to feel relaxed when alone, and if he can’t even be physically separated from you overnight, how can he remain calm by himself during the day when you’re gone? Start by giving your dog an alternate sleeping space. Don’t worry; it can be right by your bed at first. Place a dog bed next to yours and gently coax your dog back into his own bed each time he tries to climb up into yours; or, if necessary, use a short leash to tether him in place nearby. You might eventually choose to have him sleep farther away or outside the room altogether, but getting him out of your bed is a good start.

3. If Your Dog Has Separation Anxiety, He Won’t Eat While You’re Gone

Think back to a situation where you were extremely worried or afraid. Chances are, a tasty pizza wasn’t the first thing on your mind. For many stressed-out dogs, the same mechanism is at work. But chewing provides stress relief for dogs, and in many cases, despite their stress, dogs will excavate stuffed Kongs, gnaw on chew bones, or work at food-dispensing toys. If you stuff a Kong or other food dispenser for your dog, place the item within easy reach and lay out a short trail of super yummy treats leading to it. This trail o’ treats is more likely to entice your dog to begin chewing than leaving the Kong lying there by itself.

Some dogs are too wound up to stay in one place to chew. For those dogs, a food dispenser that can be batted around, such as the Molecuball or Kong Wobbler, is a better choice. These products allow the dog to expend that anxious energy in a more active way, and by providing that focus, may even prevent destruction.

4. If Your Dog Destroys Things While You’re Away, He Must Have Separation Anxiety

I once had an owner tell me that his dog was suffering from separation anxiety. When I asked how he knew, he said he’d discussed it with his veterinarian, who had put the dog on medication. I asked how the problem had been diagnosed. What were the symptoms? The dog, he informed me, had chewed a shoe while he was gone. I waited. And? Well...that was it. The dog had destroyed a shoe. The man had heard that dogs with separation anxiety chew things, had put two and two together, and had, with the veterinarian’s assistance, come to this conclusion. While it’s true that destructiveness is the number one symptom of separation anxiety, many dogs are destructive for other reasons, including boredom, under-stimulation, or not being completely trained.

In cases of true separation anxiety, destruction is often focused on the owner’s belongings, since the scent is comforting to the dog, or around doors and windows where the owner has left or can be seen leaving. Destruction of other items is possible, of course, but again, destructiveness in and of itself is not necessarily a sign of a separation issue. As with other clues, it must be factored in to the total case history.

5. Getting Another Dog Will Solve the Problem

Oh, if only this one was always true! Whether getting a second dog will alleviate the anxiety of the first depends largely on whether the original dog’s distress stems from being separated from a particular person (what we typically think of as separation anxiety), or from simply not wanting to be left alone, which is more accurately called isolation distress. In the case of the latter, any warm body will do.

That’s good news, as the problem might be solved by the presence of a different person, another dog, or, in some cases, even a cat. So for a dog with isolation distress, getting another dog certainly could help; but there is always the chance that it won’t; and, in the worst-case scenario, you could end up with two dogs with separation issues!

Unless you were planning to add another dog to the family anyway, it’s better to do a bit of experimenting first. Consider fostering a dog for a rescue organization or borrowing a friend’s sturdy, non-anxious dog for a short time. That way, you’ll find out whether your dog is more relaxed with a buddy while you’re gone. (Just be careful to end the experiment if your dog makes the guest dog anxious.) Who knows, if it works out, you might even decide to adopt the foster dog permanently!

6. A Dog with Separation Anxiety Should Never be Left in a Crate When Alone

This one is another partial myth. There are dogs who, if left crated, will frantically try to escape, and may injure themselves in the process. Others will chew themselves to the point of self-mutilation. Clearly, for those dogs, crating is not a good option. But for a dog who is comfortable in her crate, who sleeps in it at night, and doesn’t mind being contained there for brief periods during the day, the crate might just be a saving grace. Many dogs will settle down more quickly when crated, particularly if the crate lends a feeling of being safely enclosed. For that reason among others, I prefer the plastic snap-together type crates to the wire ones.

7. If Your Dog Has Separation Anxiety, It’s Best to Ignore Him While You’re at Home

This one was probably an extrapolation of the traditional advice to ignore your dog for 10 minutes before leaving the house, and for 10 minutes after returning. The logic goes that the less difference in emotional peaks and valleys between when you’re at home and when you’re gone, the easier it will be for the dog. But I didn’t get a dog to ignore him, and I bet you didn’t either. Besides, imagine that your significant other suddenly began to ignore you. Wouldn’t you wonder what you’d done wrong? Would you not become anxious and stressed even if you weren’t to begin with? Dogs are masters of observation and believe me, if you suddenly start to ignore your dog, chances are you’ll cause more anxiety, not less. It is true that you shouldn’t make a huge fuss over your comings and goings, but keeping things on an even keel emotionally is the key.

Treat the Individual

If your dog has separation anxiety, keep these myths in mind. While some might hold true, others just might not. Closely observing your dog’s behavior and evaluating it on an individual basis will allow your treatment plan to be that much more successful.

Nicole Wilde, CPDT-KA, is the author of nine books, lectures worldwide on canine behavior, is an “Ask the Expert” columnist for Modern Dog magazine, and co-stars in the DVD “Train Your Dog: The Positive Gentle Method.” Nicole runs Gentle Guidance Dog Training in southern California, and donates her time photographing rescue dogs to improve their chances of adoption.

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Comments (8)

I took my puppy from a dog foster home about a year ago. I love him to bits; he has a great personality, and I feel that he loves our family so much. BUT he barks A LOT. . So, leaving home is always a challenge for us.
My husband and I were thinking about taking him to 'doggy school', but then again, it's extremely expensive, and the nearest 'doggy school' is far away from us. Maybe you have some advice? THANK YOU!!!!

I have a dog that has shown signs of seperation anxiety. My dog drools and howls and scratches and cries when left. He is almost in a daze even if I'm gone for only 30 minutes. The vet and I described medication to help with his behavior modification. It doesn't seem to really have any effect. I am working on desensitizing exercises daily and leaving for tiny bits of time and just teaching him he is ok. I just wish I had some clue if we will get over this. I can't afford a behaviorist it is just not feeaible I am willing to buy any book and work on the behavior myself. I just need all the help and advice I can get.

I have read your articles and others opinions regarding separation anxiety- I've seen the classic behavior with my foxhound Buck- he did well with s other mature dog and an expanded family. I now have a four and a half hear old female wheaten who may have separation anxiety but her behavior may be related to brain or psych disorder as well. She self mutilates - chews her left foot digital paw pad until it's in pieces. It originally began as the opposite foot and the onset was following a four day stay at a local kennel where she had been previously. She was about 1.5 years. When we picked her up we were told she "blew a pad" and she obviously was infected, febrile and required antibiotics. That never fully healed- she chewed it until we believed that it must have a foreign body and we had it amputated because it was a non weight bearing toe and she was constantly on it despite casting, Elizabethan collar and a variety of other medicines. That healed and she now chews the opposite foot- third digital pad only- she doesn't lick in between the pads or on the fur and never has had any other skin or ear disorder to suggest allergies. We did try Prozac for two years with great success however this year in March- April she began again. She has an insatiable need to chew and lick the pad until she cries. I've tried everything and spoken with a couple of well-known
Behaviorists who suggested things we've
Tried that have failed- not sure where to turn or who
May have seen this behavior. It's eventually going to turn to osteomyelitis and she'll need another amputation- my vet suggested Euthanasia on our last visit which makes me feel hopeless and disgusted that nobody is able to provide another medication suggestion - she's now on low dose Xanax and Rimadyl- any suggestions? We love this dog and I won't put her down for a frustrating yet managable problem.

I read your article on Separation Anxiety and agree with what was printed - it works; however, can you go a step further and tell me how I can get my adorable sweet poodle to sit, lay or stand quietly in a crate at a show/training facility knowing that I'm close by and won't leave her for good? She was a rescue. I got her when she had just turned a year old. She had no training on leash and was crated 24/7 until I got her (Ugh). She is now 7 years old, extremely smart,lovable, enjoys people & working (obedience/Rally) with me and will do anything for me except not bark and get horribly agitated if I hand her leash to anyone, even someone she knows. I can't even get a CGC title on her because she cannot handle the 10th exercise!(1 through 9 is fine.) I want to show her in obedience and rally but can't because I can't crate her on 'foreign' territory. After 6 months training in our house, she came to love her crate indoors as a resting & eating place, but what am I forgetting that I can't get her to enjoy her crate anywhere else? I'm desparate. Please help. I love her and want to be able to take her places to enjoy canine activities. As long as she is with me & I'm holding her leash, she enjoys everything - nothing bothers her including visiting nursing homes.

I had a similar problem with my mother's silky terrier/maltese terrier cross. I inherited her when my mother died and she was obviously suffering from the loss of my mother, from nicotine withdrawal (because my mother was a heavy smoker and nervousness around my other dog who had become very jealous over a couple of weeks of the new family member. I had promised my mother I would take care of her so I, too, risked fines etc from neighbours complaining, took her to work, put her in an area separate to my other dog, in case she was being hassled, did all the other usual things but she never really came good though Bach's Rescue remedy helped calm her. She continued with her separation anxiety when alone for the six years we had her until she died of cancer. My neigbhour smiled when I told her she was gone.

I have a 4 month old Yorkie mix puppy, that is suffering from separation anxiety, or isolation distress. Not sure which at this point. I can't even go to the bathroom, and close the door. He starts barking, and tearing at the carpet under the door. When I have to leave my apartment, I have to put him in his carrier, and he immediately starts barking and doing everything he can to get out. I have even tried a Thundershirt to no avail.
He has caused such a disturbance that a neighbor complained, which puts me in violation of my lease. I don't want to have to give him up, but may have no choice.
Can someone PLEASE help me????