Matrigel invasion assay of H1299 cells treated with SDF-1α or SDF-1α plus Epothilone B prior to 0 or 2 Gy irradiation. After the treatment for 12 h, the H1299 cells that migrated to the bottom surface of the membrane were stained with Giemsa, and the number of migrated cells was calculated manually.

ABT-751 (E7010) binds to the colchicine site on β-tubulin and inhibits polymerization of microtubules, not a substrate for the MDR transporter and is active against cell lines resistant to vincristine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin. Phase 1/2.

ELR-510444 is a novel microtubule disruptor with potential antivascular effects and in vivo antitumor efficacy, causing a loss of cellular microtubules and the formation of aberrant mitotic spindles and leading to mitotic arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells.

Cabazitaxel is a semi-synthetic derivative of a natural taxoid that kills cancer cells by inhibiting cell division and growth. Cabazitaxel exerts its effects by inhibiting microtubule growth and assembly, processes that are essential for cells to divide.

Fosbretabulin (Combretastatin A4 Phosphate (CA4P)) Disodium is the water-soluble prodrug of Combretastatin A4 (CA4), which is a microtubule-targeting agent that binds β-tubulin with Kd of 0.4 μM in a cell-free assay. Fosbretabulin Disodium inhibits the polymerization of tubulin with IC50 of 2.4 μM, and also disrupts tumor vasculature. Phase 3.

JQ1 and chemotherapeutics (vinorelbine, docetaxel, cisplatin and carboplatin) cooperate to induce apoptosis. MDA-MB-231 and HS578T were exposed to drugs alone and in combination with JQ1, at the indicated doses. Apoptosis was examined after 72 hours of treatment by flow cytometry using Annexin V/ PI staining as previously described.

Ixabepilone is an orally bioavailable microtubule inhibitor. It binds to tubulin and promotes tubulin polymerization and microtubule stabilization, thereby arresting cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle and inducing tumor cell apoptosis.