Literature References: Bioactive peptides (GLP-1 and GLP-2) encoded within the preproglucagon gene; formed by tissue-specific, post-translational processing of proglucagon by intestinal L-cells. GLP-1 is a potent glucose-dependent stimulator of insulin secretion (incretin) and is released into the circulation in response to a meal. GLP-1 is also found in the brain and may have a role in regulating food and water intake. GLP-2 has growth-promoting effects on intestinal epithelium. Identification in hamster preproglucagon: G. I. Bell et al.,Nature302, 716 (1983); in human: idemet al.,ibid.304, 368 (1983). Reviews: D. J. Drucker, Diabetes47, 159-169 (1998); T. J. Kieffer, J. F. Habener, Endocr. Rev.20, 876-913 (1999).