1.
Kansas City
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The Kansas City metropolitan area is a 15-county metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri, that straddles the border between the U. S. states of Missouri and Kansas. With a population of about 2,340,000, it ranks as the second largest metropolitan area with its core in Missouri, the Mid-America Regional Council serves as the Council of Governments and the Metropolitan Planning Organization for the area. The larger Kansas City Metropolitan Area as seen on a map can be visualized roughly as four quadrants and it includes parts of Clay County, Missouri including North Kansas City, Missouri. The river bands sharpest part forms a peninsula containing the Kansas City Downtown Airport, the southeast quadrant includes Kansas City, Missouri and surrounding areas in Missouri. It includes the notorious Grandview Triangle, the southwest quadrant includes all of Johnson County, Kansas, which includes the towns in the area known as Shawnee Mission, Kansas. Interstate 35 runs diagonally through Johnson County, Kansas from the southwest to downtown Kansas City, the northwest quadrant contains Wyandotte County, Kansas and parts of Platte County, Missouri. Wyandotte County, Kansas, sometimes referred to as just Wyandotte, often the Wyandotte government is referred to simply as The Unified Government. Another bend in the Missouri River forms the county line between Wyandotte County, Kansas and Platte County, Missouri to the north and northeast, Downtown almost always refers to downtown Kansas City, Missouri. Downtown is the Kansas Citys historic center, located entirely within Kansas City, Missouri, Downtown is bounded by the Missouri River on the north, the Missouri-Kansas state line on the west, 31st Street on the south and the Blue River on the east. The downtown area includes the Central Business District and its buildings, the downtown loop is formed by Interstates 670,70 and 35. Within the downtown loop are many of the buildings and skyscrapers that make up the citys skyline. Also within the loop are small, distinct neighborhoods such as Quality Hill, the Garment District, the Financial District, the Convention Center District. Other neighborhoods within downtown are the River Market and Columbus Park, between the downtown loop and the state line are the Westside neighborhood and the West Bottoms, located at the bottom of the bluff adjacent to Kaw Point. East of the loop are the 18th & Vine District, the North Bottoms, East Bottoms, Northeast, South of the loop is the Crossroads District, Union Hill, Crown Center, Hospital Hill, Longfellow, Wendell Phillips, and Washington Wheatley. The Sprint Center and the College Basketball Experience are within Power & Light District, the Kauffman Center for the Performing Arts is perched upon a high point immediately south of the downtown loop. North of the loop are City Market within the River Market, West of the loop within the West Bottoms are Kemper Arena and Hale Arena. Midtown consists of distinct and historic neighborhoods such as Westport, Hyde Park. Shopping is centered on the Country Club Plaza, which contains luxury retailers, hotels

2.
Missouri
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Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state, the largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River, the state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, in the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel. Humans have inhabited what we now call Missouri for at least 12,000 years, the Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 1300s. When European explorers arrived in the 1600s they encountered the Osage, the French established Louisiana, a part of New France, and founded Ste. Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764, after a brief period of Spanish rule, the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Americans from the Upland South, including enslaved African Americans, rushed into the new Missouri Territory, many from Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee settled in the Boonslick area of Mid-Missouri. Soon after, heavy German immigration formed the Missouri Rhineland, Missouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States, as memorialized by the Gateway Arch. The Pony Express, Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, as a border state, Missouris role in the American Civil War was complex and there were many conflicts within. After the war, both Greater St. Louis and the Kansas City metropolitan area became centers of industrialization and business, today, the state is divided into 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis. Missouris culture blends elements from the Midwestern and Southern United States, the musical styles of ragtime, Kansas City jazz, and St. Louis Blues, developed in Missouri. The well-known Kansas City-style barbecue, and lesser known St. Louis-style barbecue can be found across the state, St. Louis is also a major center of beer brewing, Anheuser-Busch is the largest producer in the world. Missouri wine is produced in the nearby Missouri Rhineland and Ozarks, Missouris alcohol laws are among the most permissive in the United States. Outside of the large cities popular tourist destinations include the Lake of the Ozarks, U. S. President Harry S. Truman is from Missouri. Other well known Missourians include Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry, some of the largest companies based in the state include Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, and OReilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the Mother of the West and the Cave State, however, Missouris most famous nickname is the Show Me State, the state is named for the Missouri River, which was named after the indigenous Missouri Indians, a Siouan-language tribe

3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci

4.
Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903. It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, in 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera, named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area. By 1870, an agricultural community flourished, the area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north. According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the Father of Hollywood, along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed, the Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, I holly-wood, meaning hauling wood. H. J. Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood, Holly would represent England and wood would represent his Scottish heritage. Whitley had already started over 100 towns across the western United States, Whitley arranged to buy the 500-acre E. C. Hurd ranch and disclosed to him his plans for the land. They agreed on a price and Hurd agreed to sell at a later date, before Whitley got off the ground with Hollywood, plans for the new town had spread to General Harrison Gray Otis, Hurds wife, eastern adjacent ranch co-owner Daeida Wilcox, and others. Daeida Wilcox may have learned of the name Hollywood from Ivar Weid, her neighbor in Holly Canyon and she recommended the same name to her husband, Harvey. In August 1887, Wilcox filed with the Los Angeles County Recorders office a deed and parcel map of property he had sold named Hollywood, Wilcox wanted to be the first to record it on a deed. The early real-estate boom busted that year, yet Hollywood began its slow growth. By 1900, the region had a post office, newspaper, hotel, Los Angeles, with a population of 102,479 lay 10 miles east through the vineyards, barley fields, and citrus groves. A single-track streetcar line ran down the middle of Prospect Avenue from it, but service was infrequent, the old citrus fruit-packing house was converted into a livery stable, improving transportation for the inhabitants of Hollywood. The Hollywood Hotel was opened in 1902 by H. J. Whitley who was a president of the Los Pacific Boulevard, having finally acquired the Hurd ranch and subdivided it, Whitley built the hotel to attract land buyers. Flanking the west side of Highland Avenue, the structure fronted on Prospect Avenue, the hotel was to become internationally known and was the center of the civic and social life and home of the stars for many years. Whitleys company developed and sold one of the residential areas

5.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565

6.
Cinematography
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Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images. With an electronic sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel. The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent images on the film stock, the images on the film stock are played back at a rapid speed and projected onto a screen, creating the illusion of motion. Cinematography finds uses in fields of science and business as well as for entertainment purposes. The word cinematography was created from the Greek words κίνημα, meaning movement, motion and γράφειν meaning to record, the word used to refer to the art, process, or job of filming movies, but later its meaning was restricted to motion picture photography. In the 1830s, moving images were produced on revolving drums and disks, with independent invention by Simon von Stampfer in Austria, Joseph Plateau in Belgium, and William Horner in Britain. In 1845, Francis Ronalds invented the first successful camera able to make recordings of the varying indications of meteorological. The cameras were supplied to numerous observatories around the world and some remained in use well into the 20th century. William Lincoln patented a device, in 1867, that showed animated pictures called the wheel of life or zoopraxiscope, in it, moving drawings or photographs were watched through a slit. On 19 June 1873, Eadweard Muybridge successfully photographed a horse named Sallie Gardner in fast motion using a series of 24 stereoscopic cameras. The cameras were arranged along a parallel to the horses. They were 21 inches apart to cover the 20 feet taken by the horse stride, although it was never played back at speed to create motion, this was the first step towards motion pictures. The late nineteenth to the twentieth century brought rise to the use of film not only for entertainment purposes. The experimental film Roundhay Garden Scene, filmed by Louis Le Prince on 14 October 1888, in Roundhay, Leeds and this movie was shot on paper film. W. K. L. Dickson, working under the direction of Thomas Alva Edison, was the first to design a successful apparatus and this camera took a series of instantaneous photographs on standard Eastman Kodak photographic emulsion coated onto a transparent celluloid strip 35 mm wide. The results of work were first shown in public in 1893, using the viewing apparatus also designed by Dickson. Contained within a box, only one person at a time looking into it through a peephole could view the movie. The Lumière brothers were the first to present projected, moving, photographic, in 1896, movie theaters were open in France, Italy, Brussels, and London

7.
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-nine years, the studio was bought and sold at various points in its history until, on November 3,2010, MGM filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. MGM Resorts International, a Las Vegas-based hotel and casino company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol MGM, is not currently affiliated with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. In 1966, MGM was sold to Canadian investor Edgar Bronfman Sr. whose son Edgar Jr. would later buy Universal Studios, the studio continued to produce five to six films a year that were released through other studios, mostly United Artists. Kerkorian did, however, commit to increased production and a film library when he bought United Artists in 1981. MGM ramped up production, as well as keeping production going at UA. It also incurred significant amounts of debt to increase production, the studio took on additional debt as a series of owners took charge in the 1980s and early 1990s. In 1986, Ted Turner bought MGM, but a few later, sold the company back to Kerkorian to recoup massive debt. The series of deals left MGM even more heavily in debt, MGM was bought by Pathé Communications in 1990, but Parretti lost control of Pathé and defaulted on the loans used to purchase the studio. The French banking conglomerate Crédit Lyonnais, the major creditor. Even more deeply in debt, MGM was purchased by a joint venture between Kerkorian, producer Frank Mancuso, and Australias Seven Network in 1996, the debt load from these and subsequent business deals negatively affected MGMs ability to survive as an independent motion picture studio. In 1924, movie theater magnate Marcus Loew had a problem and he had bought Metro Pictures Corporation in 1919 for a steady supply of films for his large Loews Theatres chain. With Loews lackluster assortment of Metro films, Loew purchased Goldwyn Pictures in 1924 to improve the quality, however, these purchases created a need for someone to oversee his new Hollywood operations, since longtime assistant Nicholas Schenck was needed in New York headquarters to oversee the 150 theaters. Mayer, Loew addressed the situation by buying Louis B. Mayer Pictures on April 17,1924, Mayer became head of the renamed Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, with Irving Thalberg as head of production. MGM produced more than 100 feature films in its first two years, in 1925, MGM released the extravagant and successful Ben-Hur, taking a $4.7 million profit that year, its first full year. Marcus Loew died in 1927, and control of Loews passed to Nicholas Schenck, in 1929, William Fox of Fox Film Corporation bought the Loew familys holdings with Schencks assent. Mayer and Thalberg disagreed with the decision, Mayer was active in the California Republican Party and used his political connections to persuade the Justice Department to delay final approval of the deal on antitrust grounds

8.
Rain (1932 film)
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Rain is a 1932 South Seas drama film directed by Lewis Milestone with portions filmed at Santa Catalina Island, California. The pre-Code film stars Joan Crawford as prostitute Sadie Thompson and features Walter Huston as a missionary who wants to reform Sadie. Crawford was loaned out by MGM to United Artists for this film, the plot of the film is based on the 1922 play Rain by John Colton and Clemence Randolph, which in turn was based on the short story Miss Thompson by W. Somerset Maugham. Actress Jeanne Eagels had played the role on stage, other movie versions of the story include, a 1928 silent film titled Sadie Thompson starring Gloria Swanson, and the heavily sanitized Miss Sadie Thompson, which starred Rita Hayworth. In 1960, the film entered the domain in the USA due to the copyright claimants failure to renew the copyright registration in the 28th year after publication. A westbound ship en route to Apia, Samoa, is stranded at nearby Pago Pago due to a possible cholera outbreak on board. Among the passengers are Alfred Davidson, a missionary, his wife, and Sadie Thompson. Thompson passes the time partying and drinking with the American Marines stationed on the island, Sergeant Tim OHara, nicknamed by Sadie as Handsome, falls in love with her. Her wild behavior soon becomes more than the Davidsons can stand and Mr. Davidson confronts Sadie, when she dismisses his offer, Davidson has the Governor order her deported to San Francisco, California, where she is wanted for an unspecified crime. She begs Davidson to allow her to remain on the island a few more days – her plan is to flee to Sydney, during a heated argument with Davidson, she experiences a religious conversion and agrees to return to San Francisco and the jail sentence awaiting her there. The evening before she is to leave, Sergeant OHara asks Sadie to marry him and offers to hide her until the Sydney boat sails, later, while native drums beat, the repressed Davidson satisfies his lust with Sadie. The next morning he is dead on the beach – a suicide. Davidsons hypocrisy and betrayal cause Thompson to return to her old self, Rain was not well received – either critically or financially – upon initial release. The unglamorous role for Crawford, and bold story, caught Depression-era audiences off guard, motion Picture Herald commented, Because the producers have made such a strong attempt to establish the stern impressiveness of the story, it is rather slow. In its drive to become powerful, it appears to have lost the spark of spontaneity. Joan Crawford, variety noted, It turns out to be a mistake to have assigned the Sadie Thompson role to Miss Crawford. The dramatic significance of it all is beyond her range, Milestone tried to achieve action with the camera, but wears the witnesses down with words. Joan Crawfords get-up as the lady is extremely bizarre. Pavement pounders dont quite trick themselves up as fantastically as all that, in commercial favor of Rain is the general repute of the theme and Miss Crawfords personal following, but the finished product will not help either

9.
David Copperfield (1935 film)
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The story was adapted by Hugh Walpole from the Dickens novel, and the film was directed by George Cukor from a screenplay by Howard Estabrook and Lenore J. Coffee, who was not credited. David O. Selznick dearly wanted to film David Copperfield, as his Russian father Lewis J. Selznick had learned English through it, after failing to dissuade Selznick from the project, Louis B. Mayer, his father-in-law and employer, agreed that MGM would underwrite the production provided his star child contract actor, Jackie Cooper, was cast in the role of the young David. Selznick fought to remain true to the origins and prevailed. Cedric Gibbons designed a recreation of 19th century London on the MGM backlot, the scenes set outside Aunt Betseys house atop the white cliffs of Dover were filmed at Malibu. MGM even filmed the exterior of Canterbury Cathedral, which appears in the film for less than a minute. Special effects, including many shots, were by Slavko Vorkapić. Charles Laughton was originally cast in the role of Mr. Micawber, after two days of work, he disliked his performance in the dailies and asked to be replaced. It was said at the time that he looked as though he were about to molest the child, Selznick released Laughton who, in turn, recommended comedian and Dickens scholar W. C. His defense, My father was an Englishman and I inherited this accent from him, are you trying to go against nature. This is the film where Fields does not ad lib. The result was one of the finest performances of that year, cast notes, Arthur Treacher has a cameo as the man with the donkey who steals young Davids money, forcing him to walk from London to Dover. The film was well-received upon its release in January 1935, andre Sennwald of The New York Times called it the most profoundly satisfying screen manipulation of a great novel the camera has ever given us. Variety wrote that it had one of the most evenly good casts ever to have assembled, with staging. John Mosher of The New Yorker found the first half of the one of the superb things of the movies. Mosher also praised the casting and opined that Freddie Bartholemew put on one of the prettiest performances ever given on the screen by a youngster, David Copperfield topped the Film Daily year-end poll of 451 critics around the country as the best film of 1935. According to MGM records the film earned $2,969,000 at the box office worldwide and made a profit of $686,000, there were several notable differences in the film from the book. It is still shown in countries on television at Christmas

10.
A Tale of Two Cities (1935 film)
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A Tale of Two Cities is a 1935 film based upon Charles Dickens 1859 historical novel, A Tale of Two Cities set in London and Paris. The film stars Ronald Colman as Sydney Carton, Donald Woods, the supporting players include Reginald Owen, Basil Rathbone, Claude Gillingwater, Edna May Oliver and Blanche Yurka. It was directed by Jack Conway from a screenplay by W. P. Lipscomb, the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and Best Film Editing. The story is set in the French Revolution and deals with two men who are alike, not only in appearance, but in their love for the same woman. On the eve of the French Revolution, Lucie Manette is informed that her father is not dead and she travels to Paris to take her father to her home in England. Dr. Manette has been taken care of by a friend, Ernest Defarge, the old mans mind has given way during his long ordeal, but Lucies tender care begins to restore his sanity. Darnay is framed for treason, but is saved by the cleverness of the dissolute lawyer Sydney Carton, Carton goes drinking with Barsad, the main prosecution witness, and tricks him into admitting that he lied. When Barsad is called to testify, he is horrified to discover that Carton is one of the defense attorneys, Carton is thanked by Lucie, who had been a witness at the trial. He quickly falls in love with her, but realizes it is hopeless, Lucie eventually marries Darnay, and they have a daughter. By this time, the Reign of Terror has engulfed France, the long-suffering commoners vent their fury on the aristocrats, condemning scores daily to Madame Guillotine. Darnay is tricked into returning to Paris and arrested, Dr. Manette wrote exposing the guilt of Darnays uncle, Marquis de St. Evremonde. While trying to comfort the family, Carton knows that they are themselves in grave danger, when Lorry tries to convince him otherwise, Carton tells him that he is aware that Madame Defarge will stop at nothing just to get the vengeance she craves for. This is evident when Carton noticed her behavior in having the Vengeance give Lucies daughter a miniature guillotine during their trip at Defarges and he comes up with a desperate rescue plan to stop her. He first persuades Lucie and her friends to leave Paris by promising to save Darnay, next he confronts an old acquaintance, Barsad, now an influential man in the French government, to enable him to visit Darnay in jail. There, Carton drugs the prisoner unconscious, switches places with him, Barsad and the guard has Darnay carried out to be reunited with his family. Madame Defarge, her thirst for vengeance still unsatisfied, goes to have Lucie and her daughter arrested, when she finds out theyre gone after searching the rooms, Madame Defarge tries to flee. She is confronted by Miss Pross, Lucies devoted servant who locks her inside in an attempt to prevent her from warning the populace, in the ensuing struggle, Madame Defarge is killed by Miss Pross. She clutches her ear and runs from the scene, meanwhile, only a condemned seamstress notices Cartons substitution, but keeps quiet

11.
The Great Ziegfeld
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The Great Ziegfeld is a 1936 American musical drama film directed by Robert Z. Leonard and produced by Hunt Stromberg. It stars William Powell as the theatrical impresario Florenz Flo Ziegfeld, Jr. Luise Rainer as Anna Held, and Myrna Loy as Billie Burke. Many of the performers of the theatrical Ziegfeld Follies were cast in the film as themselves, including Fanny Brice and Harriet Hoctor, and Billie Burke acted as a supervisor for the film. The A Pretty Girl Is Like a Melody set alone was reported to have cost US$220,000, featuring a towering rotating volute of 70 ft diameter with 175 spiral steps, weighing 100 tons. The music to the film was provided by Walter Donaldson, Irving Berlin, the extravagant costumes were designed by Adrian, taking some 250 tailors and seamstresses six months to prepare them using 50 pounds of silver sequins and 12 yards of white ostrich plumes. Over a thousand people were employed in the production of the film and it won three Academy Awards, including Best Picture for producer Hunt Stromberg, Best Actress for Luise Rainer, and Best Dance Direction for Seymour Felix, and was nominated for four others. In 1951, they produced their Technicolor remake of Show Boat, the son of a highly respected music professor, Florenz Flo Ziegfeld, Jr. yearns to make his mark in show business. Flo travels to England on a liner, where he runs into Billings again who is laughing at a newspaper article denouncing him as a fraud. Flo discovers that Billings is on his way to sign a contract with beautiful French star, despite losing all his money gambling at Monte Carlo, Flo charms Anna into signing with him instead, pretending that he doesnt know Billings. Anna twice almost sends him away for his rudeness and for being broke, Ziegfeld promises to give her more publicity than she ever dreams of and to feature her alongside Americas most prominent theatrical performers. At first, Annas performance at the Herald Square Theatre is not a success, however, Flo manages to generate publicity by sending 20 gallons of milk to Anna every day for a fictitious milk bath beauty treatment, then refusing to pay the bill. The newspaper stories soon bring the curious to pack his theater, audience members comment on how the milk must make her skin beautiful and the show is a major success. Flo sends Anna flowers and jewelry and a note saying you were magnificent my wife, however, one success is not enough for the showman. He has an idea for a new kind of show featuring a bevy of blondes and brunettes. The new show, the Ziegfeld Follies, an opulent production filled with women and highly extravagant costumes and sets, is a smash hit. Ziegfeld tries to make an out of Audrey Dane, who is plagued with alcoholism. He gives stagehand Ray Bolger his break as well, mary Lou, now a young woman, visits Ziegfeld, who doesnt recognize her initially, and hires her as a dancer. The new production upsets Anna, who realizes that Flos world does not revolve around just her and she divorces him after walking in on Flo and a drunk Audrey at the wrong moment

12.
San Francisco (1936 film)
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San Francisco is a 1936 musical-drama directed by Woody Van Dyke, based on the April 18,1906 San Francisco earthquake. The film, which was the movie of that year, stars Clark Gable, Jeanette MacDonald. The then very popular singing of MacDonald helped make this film a hit, coming on the heels of her other 1936 blockbuster, famous silent film directors D. W. Griffith and Erich von Stroheim worked on the film without credit. Griffith directed some of the mob scenes while von Stroheim contributed to the screenplay, the film opens with two men in boxing gloves and trunks sparring vigorously. They conclude their session and get dressed, one dons a natty suit, the other a priests collar. The first man is Blackie Norton, a saloonkeeper and gambler and he owns the Paradise Club on Pacific Street in the notorious Barbary Coast. The other is Blackies childhood friend, Father Tim Mullen, a Roman Catholic priest, Blackie hires Mary Blake, a promising, but impoverished, classically trained singer from Benson, Colorado. She becomes an attraction at the Paradise, especially for singing San Francisco. The club piano player, The Professor, can tell Mary has a trained voice. Mat, Blackies good friend at the Paradise, wisely predicts that Mary is not going to stay on the Coast. Father Tim makes several attempts to reform Blackie, while the other nightclub owners urge him to run for the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in order to protect their crooked interests. Encouraged by Father Tim, who believes Blackie can use the position to implement reform. However, despite Father Tims best efforts, Blackie remains a jaunty Barbary Coast atheist, Blackies feelings for Mary intensify, but complications arise when she is offered an opportunity to sing in the opera. Although she initially refuses to break her contract with Blackie, she leaves the Paradise Club due to the overtly sexual manifestation of Blackies feelings for her. Mary is hired by the Tivoli Opera House on Market Street, there she becomes involved with Nob Hill scion Jack Burley. After her performance, Blackie visits Mary in her dressing room, realizing she still loves him, Mary asks him to marry her. Blackie agrees, but their reunion is interrupted by Burley. Blackie, seeing Burley as competition for Marys affections, is happy to tell him of their intent to marry

13.
Another Thin Man
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Another Thin Man is a 1939 American film, the third of six in the Thin Man series. It again stars William Powell and Myrna Loy as Nick and Nora Charles and their son, Nicky Jr. is also introduced in the film. The cast includes their terrier Asta, Virginia Grey, Otto Kruger, aubrey Smith, Ruth Hussey, Nat Pendleton, Patric Knowles, Sheldon Leonard, Tom Neal, Phyllis Gordon and Marjorie Main. Shemp Howard appears in a role as Wacky. The film was promoted in the United States under the title of Return of the Thin Man. In this adaptation of Dashiell Hammetts The Farewell Murder, Nick and Nora Charles are back in New York with Asta and they are invited by Colonel Burr MacFay to spend the weekend at his house on Long Island. When MacFay is killed, Church seems to be the obvious suspect and he suspects there is something far more complicated going on. MacFays housekeeper, his daughter, and various hangers-on all may have had an interest in seeking the old mans demise. William Powell as Nick Charles Myrna Loy as Nora Charles Virginia Grey as Lois MacFay Otto Kruger as Assistant District Attorney Van Slack C. Dolley Shemp Howard as Wacky The Afro-Cuban dance team of René and Estela, Another Thin Man at the Internet Movie Database Another Thin Man at AllMovie Another Thin Man at the TCM Movie Database Another Thin Man at the American Film Institute Catalog

14.
Sweethearts (1938 film)
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Sweethearts is a 1938 Technicolor musical romance directed by W. S. Van Dyke, starring Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy. This was the first color film for Nelson or Jeanette, Broadway stars Gwen Marlow and Ernest Lane are appearing in a 6-year run of Victor Herberts operetta Sweethearts. They are also much in love after six years of marriage. Norman Trumpett is a successful Hollywood talent scout under pressure to recruit Marlow and Lane for his studio, frustrated beyond endurance and seduced by Trumpetts idyllic description of working conditions in Hollywood, they decide to quit the show and take the Hollywood offer. Delighted with the outcome, Engel produces Kronks new play - which closes in a week, from a Variety review of the play Marlow and Lane realize they were tricked and join forces to confront Lehman. But nonetheless resume the Broadway run of “Sweethearts” together, marlowe Gene Lockhart as Augustus Kathleen Lockhart as Aunt Amelia Roger Converse as Usher The film was nominated for two Academy Awards, Best Sound Recording and Best Music, Scoring. The film was MGMs first feature-length color film, and it received a special Academy Award for its colour cinematography, Sweethearts at the Internet Movie Database Sweethearts at AllMovie Sweethearts at the TCM Movie Database Sweethearts at the American Film Institute Catalog

15.
Academy Award for Best Cinematography
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The Academy Award for Best Cinematography is an Academy Award awarded each year to a cinematographer for work on one particular motion picture. In its first film season, 1927–28, this award was not tied to a specific film, the second year,1929, there were no nominations at all, although the Academy has a list of unofficial titles which were under consideration by the Board of Judges. In the third year,1930, films, not cinematographers, were nominated, finally, for the 1931 awards, the modern system in which individuals are nominated for a single film each was adopted in all profession-related categories. From 1939 to 1967, there were separate awards for color and for black-and-white cinematography. Since then, the only film to win is Schindlers List. Floyd Crosby won the award for Tabu in 1931, which was the last silent film to win in this category, hal Mohr won the only write-in Academy Award ever, in 1935 for A Midsummer Nights Dream. Mohr was also the first person to win for both black-and-white and color cinematography, no winners are lost, although some of the earliest nominees are lost, including The Devil Dancer, The Magic Flame, and Four Devils. The Right to Love is incomplete, and Sadie Thompson is incomplete, the first nominees shot primarily on digital video were The Curious Case of Benjamin Button and Slumdog Millionaire in 2009, with Slumdog Millionaire the first winner. The following year Avatar was the first nominee and winner to be entirely on digital video. As of 2017 no woman has ever been nominated for Best Cinematography, winners are listed first in colored row, followed by the other nominees

16.
Bitter Sweet (1940 film)
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Bitter Sweet is a 1940 American Technicolor musical film directed by W. S. Van Dyke, based on the operetta Bitter Sweet by Noël Coward. It was nominated for two Academy Awards, one for Best Cinematography and the other for Best Art Direction by Cedric Gibbons, the film is based on Cowards stage operetta, which was a hit in 1929 in London. It was filmed twice, first in 1933 in black-and-white, the 1940 film is much cut and rewritten, removing much of the operettas irony. The opening and closing scenes are cut, focusing the film squarely upon the relationship between MacDonalds character, Sarah, and her teacher, Carl Linden. The opening scene was a forward, in which Sarah appears as an elderly woman recalling how she fell in love. One reason for dropping this scene is that it had been appropriated for MGMs 1937 film Maytime, Coward disliked the 1940 film and vowed that no more of his shows would be filmed in Hollywood. In 1951 he told The Daily Express, I was saving up Bitter Sweet as an investment for my old age, after MGMs dreadful film I can never revive it on stage. Set in late 19th century Vienna, the focuses on the romance between music teacher Carl Linden and his prize pupil Sarah Milick

17.
Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
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Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately owned cemetery in Glendale, California. It is the location of Forest Lawn, a chain of six cemeteries in Southern California. Forest Lawn Glendale was founded in 1906 as a cemetery by a group of businessmen from San Francisco. Dr. Hubert Eaton and C. B. Sims entered into a contract with the cemetery in 1912. Eaton took over the management of the cemetery in 1917, Eaton was a firm believer in a joyous life after death. A number of plaques which state Eatons intentions are signed The Builder, frederick Llewellyn, Eatons nephew, became CEO of Forest Lawn in 1966. In 1987 he was succeeded by his son, John Llewellyn, for many decades the cemetery refused black, Jewish, and Chinese burials. The Forest Lawn Museum in Glendale was founded in 1957 and displays art, artifacts, the museum has hosted solo exhibitions for Henri Matisse, Winslow Homer, Ian Hornak, Francisco Goya, Rembrandt, Marc Davis and Reuben Nakian among many others. The objects in Forest Lawns permanent collection represent specific locations and peoples from around the world, there are sections for India, Africa, the Middle East, East and Southeast Asia, the United States, South America, Australia and Europe. D. The stained glass collection includes portions of William Randolph Hearsts former collection and owns the work of Albrecht Dürer, all of these precious art pieces are put in storage or hidden behind temporary walls when a special display is on site. The six Forest Lawn cemeteries contain about 1,500 statues, about 10% of which are reproductions of works of art. On display in the Hall of the Crucifixion is the painting by the Polish artist Jan Styka entitled The Crucifixion. It is the largest permanently mounted religious painting in the world, the main gates of Forest Lawn – Glendale are claimed to be the worlds largest wrought iron gates. Over 60,000 people have actually been married here, including Ronald Reagan, more than 250,000 people are buried at Forest Lawn, and over a million people visit it each year, including thousands of schoolchildren on field trips. Many commentators have considered Forest Lawn to be a unique American creation, the Great Mausoleum was fashioned after Campo Santo in Genoa, Italy and contains many of the most highly sought after interment places within Forest Lawn, Glendale. Within the portion of the Great Mausoleum accessible to the public is the Court of Honor where individuals are inducted as Immortals by Forest Lawns Council of Regents, the rest of the structure is protected by guards and is closed to the public. Time magazine described it as the New Worlds Westminster Abbey, in 2009 the cemetery became the focus of intense media interest surrounding the private interment of Michael Jackson in the privacy of Holly Terrace in the Great Mausoleum. List of United States cemeteries Providencia Ranch The Loved One – a satirical novel inspired by Forest Lawn, official website Evelyn Waughs witty essay, Half in love with easeful death, imagines archaeologists in 1000 years coming upon Forest Lawn

18.
Glendale, California
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Glendale /ˈɡlɛndeɪl/ is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its estimated 2014 population was 200,167, making it the third largest city in Los Angeles County and it is located about 8 miles north of downtown Los Angeles. Glendale lies on the end of the San Fernando Valley, bisected by the Verdugo Mountains. The Golden State, Ventura, Glendale, and Foothill freeways run through the city, Glendale has one of the largest communities of Armenian descent in the United States. In 2013, Glendale was named LAs Neighborhood of the Year by the readers and editors of Curbed. com, Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery contains the remains of many noted celebrities and local residents. Grand Central Airport was the point for the first commercial west-to-east transcontinental flight flown by Charles Lindbergh. The area was inhabited by the Tongva people, who were later renamed the Gabrieleños by the Spanish missionaries. Rancho San Rafael was a Spanish concession, of which 25 were made in California, unlike the later Mexican land grants, the concessions were similar to grazing permits, with the title remaining with the Spanish crown. In 1860, his grandson Teodoro Verdugo built the Verdugo Adobe, the property is the location of the Oak of Peace, where early Californio leaders including Pio Pico met in 1847 and decided to surrender to Lieutenant Colonel John C. Verdugos descendants sold the ranch in various parcels, some of which are included in present-day Atwater Village, Eagle Rock, in 1884, residents gathered to form a townsite and chose the name Glendale. Residents to the southwest formed Tropico in 1887, the Pacific Electric Railway brought streetcar service in 1904. Glendale incorporated in 1906, and annexed Tropico 12 years later, Brand loved to fly, and built a private airstrip in 1919 and hosted fly-in parties, providing a direct link to the soon-to-be-built nearby Grand Central Airport. The grounds of El Miradero are now city-owned Brand Park and the mansion is the Brand Library, Brand partnered with Henry E. Huntington to bring the Pacific Electric Railway, or the Red Cars, to the area. Today, he is memorialized by one of the main thoroughfares. The citys population rose from 13,756 in 1920 to 62,736 in 1930, the Forest Lawn Cemetery opened in 1906 and was renamed Forest Lawn Memorial-Park in 1917. Pioneering endocrinologist and entrepreneur Henry R. Harrower opened his clinic in Glendale in 1920, the American Green Cross, an early conservation and tree preservation society, was formed in 1926. In 1964, Glendale was selected by George Lincoln Rockwell to be the West Coast headquarters of the American Nazi Party and its offices, on Colorado Street in the downtown section of the city, remained open until the early 1980s. In 1977 and 1978,10 murdered women were found in, the murders were the work of Kenneth Bianchi and Angelo Buono, the latter of whom resided at 703 East Colorado Street, where most of the murders took place

19.
Marguerite Marsh
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Marguerite Marsh was an American actress of the silent era. She appeared in 73 films between 1911 and 1923, Marsh was the eldest child of S. Charles Marsh and May T. Warne born in Lawrence, Kansas, and she died in New York City from complications of bronchial pneumonia. She was the sister of actress Mae Marsh and cinematographer Oliver T. Marsh and her daughter appeared in one film called The Battle of Elderbush Gulch with her aunt Mae Marsh. 1910 United States Federal Census, Los Angeles Assembly District 75, Los Angeles, California, Roll T624_84, Page, 4A, Enumeration District,100, Bismarck, North Dakota Marguerite Marsh Dies, The Bismarck Tribune, December 9,1925, p.1. Marguerite Marsh at the Internet Movie Database Marguerite Marsh @ AllMovie. com

20.
Mae Marsh
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Mae Marsh was an American film actress with a career spanning over 50 years. A frequently told story of Marshs childhood is that her father and her family moved to San Francisco, where her stepfather was killed in the great earthquake of 1906. Her great-aunt then took Mae and her older sister Marguerite to Los Angeles, however, her father, S. Charles Marsh, was a bartender, not a railroad auditor, and he was alive at least as late as June 1900, when Mae Marsh was nearly six. Her stepfather, oil-field inspector William Hall, could not have killed in the 1906 earthquake, as he was alive, listed in the 1910 census, living with her mother, May née Warne. Marsh worked as a salesgirl and loitered around the sets and locations while her sister worked on a film. She first started as an extra in movies, and played her first substantial role in the film Ramona at the age of 15. “I tagged my way into motion pictures, ” Marsh recalled in The Silent Picture, “I used to follow my sister Marguerite to the old Biograph studio and then, one great day, Mr. Griffith noticed me, put me in a picture and I had my chance. I love my work and though new and very wonderful interests have entered my life, I still love it and couldn’t think of giving it up. ”Marsh worked with D. W. Griffith in small roles at Biograph when they were filming in California and in New York. Her big break came when Mary Pickford, resident star of the Biograph lot, Griffith announced that if Pickford would not play that part in Man’s Genesis she would not play the coveted title role in his next film, The Sands of Dee. The other actresses stood behind Pickford, each refusing in turn to play the part, Mary Pickford didn’t play Man’s Genesis so Mae can play The Sands of Dee. ’ Of course, I was thrilled, and she was very much hurt. And I thought, ‘Well, its all right with me. That is something. ’ I was, you know, just a lamebrain. ”Working with Mack Sennett and D. W. Griffith, she was an actress, sometimes appearing in eight movies a year. In Intolerance she plays the wife who has her taken away after her husband is unjustly imprisoned. She signed a contract with Samuel Goldwyn worth $2,500 per week after Intolerance. After her marriage to Lee Arms, a publicity agent for Goldwyn, in 1918, Marshs last notable starring role was as a flapper for Griffith in The White Rose with Ivor Novello and Carol Dempster. She re-teamed with Novello for the version of his hit stage play. In 1955, Marsh was awarded the George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film, Marsh returned from retirement to appear in talkies and played a role in Henry King’s remake of Over the Hill. She gravitated toward character roles, and worked in this manner for the several decades

21.
Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms, Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression, and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime, as well as European military band music. Although the foundation of jazz is deeply rooted within the Black experience of the United States, different cultures have contributed their own experience, intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of Americas original art forms. As jazz spread around the world, it drew on different national, regional, and local musical cultures, New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s, combining earlier brass-band marches, French quadrilles, biguine, ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation. In the 1930s, heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands, Kansas City jazz, bebop emerged in the 1940s, shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musicians music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation. Cool jazz developed in the end of the 1940s, introducing calmer, smoother sounds and long, modal jazz developed in the late 1950s, using the mode, or musical scale, as the basis of musical structure and improvisation. Jazz-rock fusion appeared in the late 1960s and early 1970s, combining jazz improvisation with rock rhythms, electric instruments. In the early 1980s, a form of jazz fusion called smooth jazz became successful. Other styles and genres abound in the 2000s, such as Latin, the question of the origin of the word jazz has resulted in considerable research, and its history is well documented. It is believed to be related to jasm, a term dating back to 1860 meaning pep. The use of the word in a context was documented as early as 1915 in the Chicago Daily Tribune. Its first documented use in a context in New Orleans was in a November 14,1916 Times-Picayune article about jas bands. In an interview with NPR, musician Eubie Blake offered his recollections of the slang connotations of the term, saying, When Broadway picked it up. That was dirty, and if you knew what it was, the American Dialect Society named it the Word of the Twentieth Century. Jazz has proved to be difficult to define, since it encompasses such a wide range of music spanning a period of over 100 years. Attempts have been made to define jazz from the perspective of other musical traditions, in the opinion of Robert Christgau, most of us would say that inventing meaning while letting loose is the essence and promise of jazz. As Duke Ellington, one of jazzs most famous figures, said, although jazz is considered highly difficult to define, at least in part because it contains so many varied subgenres, improvisation is consistently regarded as being one of its key elements

22.
Saxophone
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The saxophone is a family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet, the saxophone family was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1840. He patented the saxophone on June 28,1846, in two groups of seven instruments each, each series consisted of instruments of various sizes in alternating transposition. The series pitched in B♭ and E♭, designed for bands, have proved extremely popular. The saxophone is used in music, military bands, marching bands. The saxophone was developed in 1846 by Adolphe Sax, a Belgian instrument maker, flautist, born in Dinant and originally based in Brussels, he moved to Paris in 1842 to establish his musical instrument business. Prior to his work on the saxophone, he had several improvements to the bass clarinet by improving its keywork and acoustics. Sax was also a maker of the ophicleide, a large conical brass instrument in the bass register with keys similar to a woodwind instrument. His experience with two instruments allowed him to develop the skills and technologies needed to make the first saxophones. As an outgrowth of his work improving the bass clarinet, Sax began developing an instrument with the projection of a brass instrument and he wanted it to overblow at the octave, unlike the clarinet, which rises in pitch by a twelfth when overblown. An instrument that overblows at the octave has identical fingering for both registers, Sax created an instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece like a clarinet, conical brass body like an ophicleide, and some acoustic properties of both the horn and the clarinet. Having constructed saxophones in several sizes in the early 1840s, Sax applied for, and received, the patent encompassed 14 versions of the fundamental design, split into two categories of seven instruments each, and ranging from sopranino to contrabass. Although the instruments transposed at either F or C have been considered orchestral, the C soprano saxophone was the only instrument to sound at concert pitch. Saxs patent expired in 1866, thereafter, numerous saxophonists and instrument manufacturers implemented their own improvements to the design, the first substantial modification was by a French manufacturer who extended the bell slightly and added an extra key to extend the range downwards by one semitone to B♭. It is suspected that Sax himself may have attempted this modification and this extension is now commonplace in almost all modern designs, along with other minor changes such as added keys for alternate fingerings. Using alternate fingerings allows a player to play faster and more easily, a player may also use alternate fingerings to bend the pitch. Some of the alternate fingerings are good for trilling, scales, a substantial advancement in saxophone keywork was the development of a method by which the left thumb operates both tone holes with a single octave key, which is now universal on modern saxophones. This enables a chromatic scale to be played two octaves simply by playing the diatonic scale combined with alternately raising and lowering this one digit

23.
Warne Marsh
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Warne Marion Marsh was an American tenor saxophonist. Born in Los Angeles, his restrained, cerebral playing first came to prominence in the 1950s as a protégé of pianist Lennie Tristano, Marsh came from an affluent artistic background, his father was MGM cinematographer Oliver T. Marsh, and his mother Elizabeth was a violinist. Actress Mae Marsh was his aunt and he was tutored by Lennie Tristano and, along with Lee Konitz, became one of the pre-eminent saxophonists of the Tristano-inspired Cool School. Of all of Tristanos students, Marsh arguably came closest to typifying Tristanos ideals of improvised lines, in some respects, while Marsh was a generally cool-toned player, the critic Scott Yanow notes that Marsh played with more fire than one would expect in certain contexts. Marshs rhythmically subtle lines are immediately recognizable and he has been called by Anthony Braxton the greatest vertical improviser. In the 1970s, he gained renewed exposure as a member of Supersax, Marsh also recorded one of his most celebrated albums, All Music, with the Supersax rhythm section during this period. Marsh died onstage at the Los Angeles club Dontes in 1987 and he left a widow, Geraldyne Marsh, and two sons, K. C. He is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California, marshs discography remains somewhat scattered and elusive, as much of it was done for small labels, but more and more of his work has been issued on compact disc in recent years. A documentary is being made about him, Warne Marsh, An Improvised Life, directed by his eldest son,1 All Music Warne Marsh & Lee Konitz Tenor Gladness Live at the Montmartre Club, Jazz Exchange, Vol.3 Two Days in the Life of. For the Time Being Live at Montmartre, Vol.3 Ballad for You Red Mitchell-Warne Marsh Big Two, an Unsung Cat, The Life and Music of Warne Marsh. ISBN 0-8108-3718-8 Cook, Richard & Morton, Brian, the Penguin Guide to Jazz Recordings. Out of Nowhere – The musical life of Warne Marsh

24.
Dodging a Million
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The black and white silent film was released by the Goldwyn Pictures Corporation. It is not known whether the film survives, and it may be a lost film. During her meal her employer comes into the place so Arabella rushes pell mell into the street, arriving at her boarding house, she finds that she has fallen heir to a fortune. She immediately goes to a hotel where, because of her inheritance. After several fashionable shops have given her their wares and extended unlimited credit, in the midst of her trouble Arabella learns that the only mistake made is in the size of her check. After she has reassured her creditors, she agrees to become the wife of Jack, mabel Normand as Arabella Flynn Tom Moore as Jack Forsythe J

25.
Joan of Plattsburg
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It is not known whether the film currently survives, and it may be a lost film. As described in a magazine, Joan, an orphan. One day while evading the angry superintendent, she herself in a cellar. She believes that, like a modern day Joan of Arc and she reports the matter to the major, who sets out to capture the spies and sends Joan to live with his mother. When he returns from the war, he finds Joan waiting for him

26.
Mama's Affair
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Mamas Affair is a 1921 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Victor Fleming and based on the play of the same title by Rachel Barton Butler. Cast members Effie Shannon, George Le Guere and Katherine Kaelred reprise their roles from the Broadway play, a print of this film survives in the Library of Congress. As summarized in a publication, a prologue, which explains where the author got her idea for the story, shows Adam. When the serpent tells Eve to bite the apple, Adam takes it away from her, the serpent then tells her to go into hysterics and Adam will give her the apple. Shifting to the story, Mrs. Orrin, Eves mother. Mrs. Orrin and Mrs. Merchant, who lives with them, have decided that Eve will marry Mrs. Merchants son Henry, an effeminate youngster with rimmed glasses. Fearing her mothers nerves, Eve is willing to marry Henry, so the four of them go to Mama Orrins birthplace, during the stay at the hotel Mama has one of her attacks and Dr. Harmon is called in. He soon discovers the exact trouble and orders Mrs. Orrin to bed with instructions that she not even see her daughter, Mrs. Orrin disobeys these orders and then Eves nerves give way, causing a second visit by the doctor. He takes Eve away from the mother, but after Henry accuses the doctor of being a fortune seeker, finally, Eves eyes are opened and she uses a treat em rough theory on her mother. Besides winning the love of her doctor, she cures her mother of her hysterics

27.
Woman's Place
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Womans Place is a 1921 American romantic comedy film directed by Victor Fleming. It stars Constance Talmadge and Kenneth Harlan and it was produced by Talmadges brother-in-law, Joseph Schenck and distributed through Associated First National, later First National Pictures. It is a film in the British Film Institute in London. Dan Dowd Womans Place at the Internet Movie Database

28.
Peacock Alley (1922 film)
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Peacock Alley is a 1922 American silent drama film starring Monte Blue and Mae Murray. The film was directed by Murrays husband at the time, Robert Z. Leonard, an incomplete print survives at the Library of Congress. Elmer Harmon travels from the United States to Paris on business, meets Cleo of Paris, on their return to the United States, Elmers friends do not approve of Cleo, and therefore the couple moves to the city. Eventually, Elmer comes to believe that Cleo is having an affair, the film was one of Murrays most successful films, and one of the biggest hits of 1922. The film was so successful it was the silent film of Murrays that she remade as a talkie under the same title

29.
The Unknown Purple
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The Unknown Purple is a lost 1923 American silent science fiction film, written and directed by Roland West. After his release from prison, an inventor develops a purple light that renders him invisible, enabling him to seek revenge on his unfaithful wife. Film historian Scott MacQueen cited The Vanishing Men, a treatment West had targeted for film in 1921 as the inspiration for the film, the film was adapted from a stage play which was written by Roland West and Carlyle Moore. Comedian Johnny Arthur made his debut in The Unknown Purple. Walthall as Peter Marchmont Alice Lake as Jewel Marchmont Stuart Holmes as James Dawson Helen Ferguson as Ruth Marsh Frankie Lee as Bobbie Dorothy Phillips as Mrs. In a contemporary review, Variety described the film as an exceptionally well-made picture - among the best of its type - a mystery, the review praised the photography of Oliver Marsh and the acting by Henry Walthall and Alice Lake. Willis, Donald, ed. Varietys Complete Science Fiction Reviews, up from the Vault, Rare Thrillers of the 1920s and 1930s. The Unknown Purple at the Internet Movie Database

30.
The Merry Widow (1925 film)
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The Merry Widow is a 1925 American silent romantic drama/black comedy film directed and written by Erich von Stroheim. Released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the film stars Mae Murray, John Gilbert, the film is based on the Franz Lehárs opera of the same name and was the second adaptation of the opera, the first being released in Hungary in 1918. Joan Crawford and Clark Gable also had uncredited roles in the film, while a print of the film still survives, the end sequence shot in two-tone Technicolor is now lost. Prince Danilo falls in love with dancer Sally OHara and his uncle, King Nikita I of Monteblanco forbids the marriage because she is a commoner. Thinking she has been jilted by her prince, Sally marries old, lecherous Baron Sadoja, when he dies suddenly, Sally must be wooed all over again by Danilo. Baron Popoff Selected cast that were uncredited, Helen Howard Beaumont, ballroom dancing extra The film was shot over twelve weeks with a budget of $592,000. Filming was tense as Mae Murray and the director, Erich von Stroheim. Upon its release, the film was both a critical and box office success, critics praised Murrays dramatic skills while also noting that von Stroheim had made an actress out of Miss Murray. The film made a profit of $758,000, the Merry Widow was adapted for the screen in 1934,1952,1962 and 1994. Early Color Feature Filmography The Merry Widow at the Internet Movie Database

31.
The Masked Bride
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The Masked Bride is a 1925 American silent romantic drama film, directed by Christy Cabanne and starring Mae Murray, Francis X. Bushman and Basil Rathbone. Apache dancer Gaby defies the Prefect of Police after accosting millionaire Grover, the underlying truth is that Gaby was driven to theft of rich men by her partner Antoine. Mae Murray - Gaby Francis X. Bushman - Grover Roy DArcy - Prefect of Police Basil Rathbone - Antoine Pauline Neff - Grovers Sister Chester Conklin - Wine Waiter Fred Warren - Vibout Leo White, floor Manager Josef von Sternberg was originally hired to direct the film. After two weeks of filming, he became frustrated with Mae Murrays behavior on the set and ordered the cameramen to film the rafters and he eventually walked out on the picture and was replaced by Christy Cabanne. The Masked Bride at the Internet Movie Database

Kansas City
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The Kansas City metropolitan area is a 15-county metropolitan area anchored by Kansas City, Missouri, that straddles the border between the U. S. states of Missouri and Kansas. With a population of about 2,340,000, it ranks as the second largest metropolitan area with its core in Missouri, the Mid-America Regional Council serves as the Council of G

1.
Kansas City metropolitan area

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Kansas City satellite map. The larger Missouri River is zigzagging from west to east; the much smaller Kansas is approaching from the south and joins it at Kaw Point. Kansas City, Missouri, is located immediately south of their intersection; North Kansas City, Missouri, is to its northeast; and Kansas City, Kansas, is to the west.

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Fort Osage National Historic Site

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Jackson County Jail and Marshal's House

Missouri
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Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state, the largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River, the state is the twenty-first most extensive

United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean,

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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764

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Flag

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The signing of the Mayflower Compact, 1620.

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The Declaration of Independence: the Committee of Five presenting their draft to the Second Continental Congress in 1776

Hollywood
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Hollywood is an ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California. It is notable as the home of the U. S. film industry, including several of its studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry. Hollywood was a community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1

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Glen-Holly Hotel, first hotel in Hollywood, at the corner of what is now Yucca Street. It was built in the 1890s.

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Hollywood Hotel, 1905

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The intersection of Hollywood and Highland, 1907

California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and th

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A forest of redwood trees in Redwood National Park

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Flag

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Mount Shasta

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Aerial view of the California Central Valley

Cinematography
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Typically, a lens is used to repeatedly focus the light reflected from objects into real images on the light-sensitive surface inside a camera during a questioned exposure, creating multiple images. With an electronic sensor, this produces an electrical charge at each pixel. The result with photographic emulsion is a series of invisible latent imag

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Arri Alexa, a digital movie camera.

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A deep focus shot from Citizen Kane (1941): everything, including the hat in the foreground and the boy (young Charles Foster Kane) in the distance, is in sharp focus.

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A camera crew from the First Motion Picture Unit

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs. Its headquarters are in Beverly Hills, California and it is one of the worlds oldest film studios. In 1971, it was announced that MGM would merge with 20th Century Fox, over the next thirty-n

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MGM Tower, former company headquarters highlighted by the famous Leo the Lion logo at the top

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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, Inc.

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Clark Gable

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Marie Dressler and Wallace Beery in Min and Bill (1930)

Rain (1932 film)
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Rain is a 1932 South Seas drama film directed by Lewis Milestone with portions filmed at Santa Catalina Island, California. The pre-Code film stars Joan Crawford as prostitute Sadie Thompson and features Walter Huston as a missionary who wants to reform Sadie. Crawford was loaned out by MGM to United Artists for this film, the plot of the film is b

David Copperfield (1935 film)
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The story was adapted by Hugh Walpole from the Dickens novel, and the film was directed by George Cukor from a screenplay by Howard Estabrook and Lenore J. Coffee, who was not credited. David O. Selznick dearly wanted to film David Copperfield, as his Russian father Lewis J. Selznick had learned English through it, after failing to dissuade Selznic

A Tale of Two Cities (1935 film)
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A Tale of Two Cities is a 1935 film based upon Charles Dickens 1859 historical novel, A Tale of Two Cities set in London and Paris. The film stars Ronald Colman as Sydney Carton, Donald Woods, the supporting players include Reginald Owen, Basil Rathbone, Claude Gillingwater, Edna May Oliver and Blanche Yurka. It was directed by Jack Conway from a s

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1935 US Theatrical Poster

The Great Ziegfeld
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The Great Ziegfeld is a 1936 American musical drama film directed by Robert Z. Leonard and produced by Hunt Stromberg. It stars William Powell as the theatrical impresario Florenz Flo Ziegfeld, Jr. Luise Rainer as Anna Held, and Myrna Loy as Billie Burke. Many of the performers of the theatrical Ziegfeld Follies were cast in the film as themselves,

San Francisco (1936 film)
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San Francisco is a 1936 musical-drama directed by Woody Van Dyke, based on the April 18,1906 San Francisco earthquake. The film, which was the movie of that year, stars Clark Gable, Jeanette MacDonald. The then very popular singing of MacDonald helped make this film a hit, coming on the heels of her other 1936 blockbuster, famous silent film direct

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Original Film Poster

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Lobby card

Another Thin Man
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Another Thin Man is a 1939 American film, the third of six in the Thin Man series. It again stars William Powell and Myrna Loy as Nick and Nora Charles and their son, Nicky Jr. is also introduced in the film. The cast includes their terrier Asta, Virginia Grey, Otto Kruger, aubrey Smith, Ruth Hussey, Nat Pendleton, Patric Knowles, Sheldon Leonard,

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Theatrical Film Poster

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Another Thin Man on the marquee of a Toronto cinema, as a double feature with the Richard Arlen film Missing Daughters.

Sweethearts (1938 film)
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Sweethearts is a 1938 Technicolor musical romance directed by W. S. Van Dyke, starring Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy. This was the first color film for Nelson or Jeanette, Broadway stars Gwen Marlow and Ernest Lane are appearing in a 6-year run of Victor Herberts operetta Sweethearts. They are also much in love after six years of marriage. Nor

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From the original trailer

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Lobby card

Academy Award for Best Cinematography
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The Academy Award for Best Cinematography is an Academy Award awarded each year to a cinematographer for work on one particular motion picture. In its first film season, 1927–28, this award was not tied to a specific film, the second year,1929, there were no nominations at all, although the Academy has a list of unofficial titles which were under c

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Charles Rosher, the first recipient in 1928

Bitter Sweet (1940 film)
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Bitter Sweet is a 1940 American Technicolor musical film directed by W. S. Van Dyke, based on the operetta Bitter Sweet by Noël Coward. It was nominated for two Academy Awards, one for Best Cinematography and the other for Best Art Direction by Cedric Gibbons, the film is based on Cowards stage operetta, which was a hit in 1929 in London. It was fi

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Title card

Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
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Forest Lawn Memorial Park is a privately owned cemetery in Glendale, California. It is the location of Forest Lawn, a chain of six cemeteries in Southern California. Forest Lawn Glendale was founded in 1906 as a cemetery by a group of businessmen from San Francisco. Dr. Hubert Eaton and C. B. Sims entered into a contract with the cemetery in 1912.

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Forest Lawn's Great Mausoleum

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Song of the Angels by William Bouguereau, 1881.

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A copy of Michelangelo 's David

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Mosaic of Trumbull's Declaration of Independence

Glendale, California
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Glendale /ˈɡlɛndeɪl/ is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Its estimated 2014 population was 200,167, making it the third largest city in Los Angeles County and it is located about 8 miles north of downtown Los Angeles. Glendale lies on the end of the San Fernando Valley, bisected by the Verdugo Mountains. The Golden State, Ve

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View of Glendale from Forest Lawn Memorial Park

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The Glendale area in the 1870s.

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Glendale, 1910.

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Looking south on Brand Blvd, 1915.

Marguerite Marsh
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Marguerite Marsh was an American actress of the silent era. She appeared in 73 films between 1911 and 1923, Marsh was the eldest child of S. Charles Marsh and May T. Warne born in Lawrence, Kansas, and she died in New York City from complications of bronchial pneumonia. She was the sister of actress Mae Marsh and cinematographer Oliver T. Marsh and

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Marguerite Marsh

Mae Marsh
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Mae Marsh was an American film actress with a career spanning over 50 years. A frequently told story of Marshs childhood is that her father and her family moved to San Francisco, where her stepfather was killed in the great earthquake of 1906. Her great-aunt then took Mae and her older sister Marguerite to Los Angeles, however, her father, S. Charl

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Photo of Marsh from The Photo-Play Journal (July 1916)

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Mae Marsh in Intolerance, 1916

Jazz
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Jazz is a music genre that originated amongst African Americans in New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in Blues and Ragtime. Since the 1920s jazz age, jazz has become recognized as a form of musical expression. Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrh

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Louis Armstrong (1901–1971) is considered one of the pivotal musicians in jazz for his contributions as a trumpet player, composer and singer.

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In the late 18th-century painting The Old Plantation, African-Americans dance to banjo and percussion.

Saxophone
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The saxophone is a family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet, the saxophone family was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1840. He patented the saxophone on June 28,1846, in two groups of seven instruments each, each series consi

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An alto saxophone in E ♭

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Adolphe Sax, the inventor of the saxophone

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A military band saxophonist holding a baritone saxophone

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Straight saxophones, including common fully straight types and unusual variants with slightly curved bell. Clockwise from top left: an E♭ baritone, a B♭ tenor, a C soprano, a B♭ soprano, and a B♭ soprillo

Warne Marsh
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Warne Marion Marsh was an American tenor saxophonist. Born in Los Angeles, his restrained, cerebral playing first came to prominence in the 1950s as a protégé of pianist Lennie Tristano, Marsh came from an affluent artistic background, his father was MGM cinematographer Oliver T. Marsh, and his mother Elizabeth was a violinist. Actress Mae Marsh wa

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Warne Marsh in Amsterdam in 1982

Dodging a Million
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The black and white silent film was released by the Goldwyn Pictures Corporation. It is not known whether the film survives, and it may be a lost film. During her meal her employer comes into the place so Arabella rushes pell mell into the street, arriving at her boarding house, she finds that she has fallen heir to a fortune. She immediately goes

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1918 magazine ad

Joan of Plattsburg
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It is not known whether the film currently survives, and it may be a lost film. As described in a magazine, Joan, an orphan. One day while evading the angry superintendent, she herself in a cellar. She believes that, like a modern day Joan of Arc and she reports the matter to the major, who sets out to capture the spies and sends Joan to live with

Mama's Affair
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Mamas Affair is a 1921 American silent romantic comedy film directed by Victor Fleming and based on the play of the same title by Rachel Barton Butler. Cast members Effie Shannon, George Le Guere and Katherine Kaelred reprise their roles from the Broadway play, a print of this film survives in the Library of Congress. As summarized in a publication

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Newspaper advertisement.

Woman's Place
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Womans Place is a 1921 American romantic comedy film directed by Victor Fleming. It stars Constance Talmadge and Kenneth Harlan and it was produced by Talmadges brother-in-law, Joseph Schenck and distributed through Associated First National, later First National Pictures. It is a film in the British Film Institute in London. Dan Dowd Womans Place

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Makeup test during production. Writers Emerson and Loos at left, director Fleming seated, and Sydney and Collins at right.

Peacock Alley (1922 film)
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Peacock Alley is a 1922 American silent drama film starring Monte Blue and Mae Murray. The film was directed by Murrays husband at the time, Robert Z. Leonard, an incomplete print survives at the Library of Congress. Elmer Harmon travels from the United States to Paris on business, meets Cleo of Paris, on their return to the United States, Elmers f

The Unknown Purple
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The Unknown Purple is a lost 1923 American silent science fiction film, written and directed by Roland West. After his release from prison, an inventor develops a purple light that renders him invisible, enabling him to seek revenge on his unfaithful wife. Film historian Scott MacQueen cited The Vanishing Men, a treatment West had targeted for film

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Newspaper ad for The Unknown Purple

The Merry Widow (1925 film)
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The Merry Widow is a 1925 American silent romantic drama/black comedy film directed and written by Erich von Stroheim. Released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, the film stars Mae Murray, John Gilbert, the film is based on the Franz Lehárs opera of the same name and was the second adaptation of the opera, the first being released in Hungary in 1918. Joan Cr

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The Merry Widow

The Masked Bride
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The Masked Bride is a 1925 American silent romantic drama film, directed by Christy Cabanne and starring Mae Murray, Francis X. Bushman and Basil Rathbone. Apache dancer Gaby defies the Prefect of Police after accosting millionaire Grover, the underlying truth is that Gaby was driven to theft of rich men by her partner Antoine. Mae Murray - Gaby Fr