Treaty of Venice, treaty (1201) negotiated between crusaders in the FourthCrusade and Enrico Dandolo of Venice to provide transport at the cost of 85,000 marks. The crusaders’ failure to fulfill their monetary obligation was a major factor in the diversion of the crusade to Zara and Constantinople.

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military expeditions, beginning in the late 11th century, that were organized by western European Christians in response to centuries of Muslim wars of expansion. Their objectives were to check the spread of Islam, to retake control of the Holy Land in the eastern Mediterranean, to conquer pagan...

1107? Venice 1205 Constantinople doge of the Republic of Venice from 1192 to 1205, noted for his promotion of the Fourth Crusade, which led to the overthrow of the Greek Byzantine Empire and the aggrandizement of Venice.

(1202), a major episode of the Fourth Crusade; the first attack on a Christian city by a crusading army, it foreshadowed the same army’s assault on Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, in 1203–04. Zara (modern Zadar, Croatia), a vassal city of the Venetian republic, rebelled against...