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LEAGUE OF NATIONSSSSSS: The League was an attempt to create an international organisation that would be able to prevent future wars It adopted the principle of `Collective Security', article 10 Members protecting/defending each other's land To discourage aggression ­ preventing wars by collective security. To encourage disarmament ­ therefore countries would solve problems by negotiation rather than confrontation. To encourage countries to cooperate - especially through business and trade. Therefore countries would be less likely to go to war with one-another.…read more

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Social/cultural ­ Some Americans were German immigrants ­ Anti-British/French (who were in control of the League) ­ Believed in freedom, not colonies and empire · Economical ­ Expensive ­ They had become powerful by isolation ­ Didn't want to sort out European affairs `regardless of the cost' · Military ­ Didn't want to settle everyone's problems ­ Already had lost a lot of men ­ Appalled at WW1 carnageIt seemed like a European victors' organisation.…read more

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Dealt with dangerous diseases. Educated people on health and sanitation.OTHER SUCCESSES IN 1920sThe Health CommitteeA relatively successful part of the League it: It researched into health related issues such as malaria, yellow fever and leprosy in a bid to end them, Tried to exterminate mosquitos to help stop the spread of yellow fever. Worked with the Soviet Union to prevent typhus epidemics by organising a large education campaign.…read more

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Sweden & Finland - Both wanted Aaland Islands - Midway between the two countries. - Finland traditionally owned the Aarland Islands but most of the inhabitants were Swedish. - Both countries were threatening to fight for them. - League said the islands should go to Finland. - Sweden accepted the League's ruling and war was avoided.…read more

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The Geneva Protocol, 1924 Corfu ­ proved League could be undermined by its own members. 1924 ­ Geneva Protocol drawn up by GB and France ­ countries would have to appeal to the League to sort out disputes and follow the decision. BUT new parliament in GB­ didn't want to sign it in case GB would have to do something not in its own interest.. Protocol did opposite of what it was meant to ­ weakened League.…read more

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Disarmament Conference, 1932: 1920s: Disarmament unsuccessful. Germany had disarmed, but no other countries had done so to the same effect. At the Washington Conference in 1921, the USA, Japan, GB and FR agreed to limit their navies but that is as far as they got. Feb 1932: Germany put on the table that everyone should disarm to its level. No-one agreed to this. Germany walked out Britain sent a note partially agreeing to disarm some way to the level of Germany.…read more

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Japan blamed China, and invaded. Japan say they aren't an aggressor ­ settling local difficulty ­ claim China were in a state of anarchy and they were just controlling them ­ self-defence. 4. China appealed to the League. Japan was a leading member of the League (and was claiming that they were settling anarchy, not invading). 5.…read more

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October 1935-May 1936: 8. 3rd October: Mussolini launches a full scale attack on Abyssinia. 9. A committee is set up to decide sanctions by the League. This would only work if the League was quick. 10. They banned arms sales and loans to Italy, and banned the export of rubber, tin, and metals. 11. The League delayed the ban of oil for two months because countries were worried what it would do to their economies. December 1935: 12. Hoare-Laval Pact comes to light.…read more

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Effects of the Manchurian and Abyssinian Crises. Became clear that a strong nation could ignore the League. The League's delays and slowness made it look scared. Sanctions were shown to be useless. Realisation that Britain & France were not going to use force. Four major powers all betrayed the League. Smaller nations realised the League would not protect them. Britain & France started using their policy of appeasement. Hitler was encouraged to move ahead with his plans.Reasons for the League's Failure Leadership.…read more

An excellent set of notes on the League covering aims, structure, success in the 20s and failures in the 30s. There are some useful diagrams summarising key issues like reasons for failure. Remember to prepare for popular questions like; "Why did the League fail in the 1930s?", "Was Abyssinia more important than Manchuria in the failure of the League?" and "How successful was the League in the 1920s?"