Dear Sherry
Water consumption from a petroleum refinery ranges based on refinery configuration (hydroskimming, medium , complex and deep conversion) and the degree of water consumption integration.
World Bank reference values varies form 3 m3/Tm of crude oil processed to 0,5 m3/Tm of crude oil processed. Former values come from a complex refinery without water consumption integration and later ones from a modern and water consumption integrated refinery.
Main consumers in the refinery are:
- Desalter
- Steam generation as Boiler feed water: one part can be recovered as clean condensate and remaining part can´t, because is used as steam injected to the processed being recovered as sour water
- Cooling water: generally are closed systems so you only need to have a small make up a quantity equal to blowndown + windage
Techniques used to reduce water consumption are:
- Use effluent from a process as make up to another process with or without treatment stage
- Install upgrading units to polish water form wastewater treatment plants.
- Consider to segregate drainages between non contaminated, accidentally contaminated and contaminated
Please feel free to ask me for further details or values. I have prepared a Ph D about environmental techniques for petroleum refineries.
Best regards
Jose-Luis Martinez
-----Mensaje original-----
De: sbd@oznet.ksu.edu [mailto:sbd@oznet.ksu.edu]
Enviado el: viernes, 16 de mayo de 2003 23:10
Para: P2tech@great-lakes.net
Asunto: water usage per gallon of oil refined
Tod,
I can't answer your question about water usage/consumption in
the processing of crude oil. However, I will send your request to
a technical group to see if someone in my field does know.
I would imagine it might be a little hard to get a "real" number
associated with this, though. Water is used for cooling
equipment such as pumps, compressors, and overhead heat
exchangers and it is actually used in the process for desalting the
crude before it gets to the heaters and distillation towers. If the
crude is really "sour" (has lots of contaminants such as chlorides
and sulfides, among others) it may require much more water to
"clean" the incoming crude. In addition, steam is used as a
driver for many pumps and compressors. And most refineries
have 2 or more "ponds" where oily waters from surface washing
are "cleaned" before being discharged. This involves the oil and
other organics being broken down by specific micro-organisms.
Then, you also have to consider that the raw crude coming in
may have lot's of water entrained in it. The amount would be
such a variable number, I wouldn't think it could be used for
even a general statement about water consumption by the
refining process. You may want to visit this website for a very
simplified explanation of the oil-refining process:
http://science.howstuffworks.com/oil-refining.htm
I will forward any/all responses from our listserve to you as
soon as I get them.
Good luck,
Sherry J. Davis, CHMM
Industrial P2 Specialist
133 Ward Hall,KSU
Manhattan, KS 66506-2508
Fax: 785-532-6952
Phone: 1-800-578-8898
sbd@ksu.edu
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