WHH Final Exam Study Guide - WHH Final Exam Study Guide...

WHH Final Exam Study Guide Prehistory/Ancient Civilizations: Cuneiform- a form of Sumerian writing. It developed by the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, and they used clay. They would press into the clay with a tool called a stylus. The ones that archaeologists have found had writings about Sumerian businesses. Hominid- human beings and earlier human-like creatures Neanderthal- Found in many caves located in many parts of Europe, and believed to have lived 35,000 to 130,000 years ago during the old stone age. They had powerful builds, heavy jaws, thick eyebrow ridges, and large noses. They also cooked food, and buried the dead with meat and tools to take with them for life after death, maybe because of their religion. They were in existence at the same time Cro-Magnon were, just not in the same area. Cro-Magnon- appeared in Europe about 35,00 years ago. They made better tools and weapons, and invented spears. They were more prepared for survival than Neanderthal people were. They looked basically how people today look. In existence at the same time Neanderthal people were, just not in the same area. Australopithecus- Donald Johanson discovered female skeletal remains the may be 3 million years old. He classified it as Australopithecus, which later became known as Lucy. Lucy is the oldest human-like creature found. Lucy walked upright like modern humans, however scientists still are not sure whether Lucy is related to modern day humans or not. Homo Erectus- The first people to stand up-right. They lived about 1.8-30,000 years ago. Were tall, flat-faced, and had large brains. They were very resembling of what humans today look like. Sumerians- Accomplished the wheel, arch, human sacrifice, walled cities, clay, and metal. Had their own writing system called Cuneiform, and split into city-states. Epic of Gilgamesh- Human vs. God, Endiku went to Gilgamesh and told him about the dream he had the night before. In his dream he was sent to a temple in front of the god of cattle, to determine whether he should live or be put to death because he murdered Humbaba, an important bull. Upper Nile- Nile River flows Couth to North, and is a good transportation route. This helps create regular food and fertile soil. Upper Nile is Southern to Lower Nile. China/India: Noble Truths- 1) Life means suffering. 2) The origin of suffering is attachment. 3) The cessation of suffering is attainable. 4) The path to the cessation of suffering

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Dynastic Cycle- 1- founding of the dynasty, right to rule was hereditary, population grows. 2- internal peace, expansion and great power. 3- regression, crop failures. 4- chaos and rebellion. Zhou Rulers- Sons of Heaven, thought that the gods determined the rulers of China, internal trade expanded and copper coins were used. Gave territories to royal family and their friends . Laozi-

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