Penguin: This means link building. If you have low quality links these can hurt your website. Likewise if your anchor text is over optimized this can also result in penalties.

Panda: This is your content. Avoid duplicate content or pages that are weak in content. Panda has more to do with quality factors.

Rich Snippets: An easy way to get more clicks in search engines to help conversion.

Authorship: Maybe the days of article spinning will come to an end as google encourages webmasters to put a face and name to their content through the use of authorship and of course their google+ profiles.