Rarst is correct, using do_shortcode() will do the trick. Not sure about apply_filters(), but probably.

If there is an issue with recursion, just de-register your shortcode before the loop and re-register it afterward so that your shortcode won't get evaluated by do_shortcode() in the loop.
(Or just hack up the content you pass to do_shortcode to delete text matching /[wpcodaslider.*]/ - note [ and ] need to be escaped in regexes)