Footnotes & Sources

The background and pro and con arguments were written by ProCon.org staff based upon input from the following footnotes (directly referenced) and sources (used for general research and not directly referenced):

Lennart Hardell et al., “Meta-Analysis of Long-Term Mobile Phone Use and the Association With Brain Tumours,” International Journal of Oncology, Mar. 2008

MJ Schoemaker and AJ Swerdlow et al., “Mobile Phone Use and Risk of Acoustic Neuroma: Results of the Interphone Case-Control Study in Five North European Countries,” British Journal of Cancer, Aug., 2005

US National Toxicology Program (NTP), “Report of Partial Findings from the National Toxicology Program Carcinogenesis Studies of Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation in Hsd: Sprague Dawley® SD rats (Whole Body Exposures),” biorxiv.org, May 26, 2016

United States Food and Drug Administration, “Statement from Jeffrey Shuren, MD, JD, Director of the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health on the National Toxicology Program’s Report on Radiofrequency Energy Exposure,” fda.gov, Nov. 1, 2018

Lennart Hardell et al., “Pooled Analysis of Two Case-Control Studies on the Use of Cellular and Cordelss Telephones and the Risk of Benign Brain Tumors Diagnosed During 1997-2003,” International Journal of Oncology, Feb., 2006

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