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Electric circuits

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ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS

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The CELLThe cell stores chemical energy and transfers it toelectrical energy when a circuit is connected. When two or more cells are connected together we call this a Battery. The cells chemical energy is used up pushing a current round a circuit.

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What is an electric current? An electric current is a flow of microscopic particles called electrons flowing through wires and components. + -In which direction does the current flow?from the Negative terminal to the Positive terminal of acell.

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simple circuitsHere is a simple electric circuit. It has a cell, alamp and a switch. cell wires switch lampTo make the circuit, these components are connectedtogether with metal connecting wires.

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simple circuitsWhen the switch is closed, the lamp lights up. This isbecause there is a continuous path of metal for theelectric current to flow around. If there were any breaks in the circuit, the current could not flow.

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types of circuitThere are two types of electrical circuits; SERIES CIRCUITS PARALLEL CIRCUITS

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SERIES CIRCUITSThe components are connected end-to-end, oneafter the other.They make a simple loop for the current to flowround.If one bulb ‘blows’ it breaks the whole circuit andall the bulbs go out.

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PARALLEL CIRCUITSThe components are connected side by side.The current has a choice of routes.If one bulb ‘blows’ there is still be a complete circuit tothe other bulb so it stays alight.

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measuring currentElectric current is measured in amps (A) usingan ammeter connected in series in the circuit. A

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measuring currentThis is how we draw an ammeter in a circuit.A A SERIES CIRCUIT PARALLEL CIRCUIT

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measuring currentSERIES CIRCUIT• current is the same 2A 2A at all points in the circuit. 2APARALLEL CIRCUIT 2A 2A• current is shared between the 1A components 1A

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measuring voltageThe ‘electrical push’ which the cell gives to the currentis called the voltage. It is measured in volts (V) on avoltmeter V

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measuring voltageDifferent cells produce different voltages. Thebigger the voltage supplied by the cell, the bigger thecurrent.Unlike an ammeter a voltmeter is connected acrossthe componentsScientist usually use the term Potential Difference(pd) when they talk about voltage.