Hemangioma

Definition

A hemangioma is a type of birthmark. It develops shortly after birth, usually on the head or neck. It may be close to the surface of the skin or deeper below the skin.

For most, a hemangioma will grow quickly and then slowly disappear over time. It is often gone before puberty. If your child develops a birthmark that grows, talk to a doctor.

Causes

A hemangioma is a cluster of blood vessels that do not form normally. It is not known what cause hemangiomas. It is also unclear on what makes them grow, or disappear.

Risk Factors

Hemangiomas are more common in Caucasian baby girls. Other factors that may increase a baby's chance of a hemangioma include:

Premature birth

PHACE syndrome

Symptoms

Symptoms will depend on the location of the hemangioma:

A hemangioma that is close to the surface of the skin:

Appears as red strawberry-like or purple bump on the skin

May continue to grow and spread

A hemangioma that is deeper under the skin will appear as bluish swelling under the skin

Most hemangiomas have no further symptoms. However, some large hemangiomas may lead to:

Ulceration—deep sores in the skin

Scarring

Disfigurement

Problems with growth and function of structures nearby such as eyes or airway

Abnormalities of the blood vessels of the eye or brain (associated with some hemangiomas of the face)

Hemangiomas in other locations can be associated with heart, kidney, gastrointestinal, brain, or spinal abnormalities

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your child’s symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Some hemangiomas are obvious with physical exam. If there is any question, your doctor may recommend testing. Tests may also be done to determine the size and effect on local organs.

Imaging tests can evaluate the hemangioma and surrounding structures. These may include:

Prevention

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.