Marcellus

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.

Copyright The Columbia University Press

Marcellus (märsĕl´əs), principal plebeian family of the ancient Roman gens Claudia. Marcus Claudius Marcellus, c.268–208 BC, was consul five times. In his first consulship he fought (222) against the Insubrian Gauls and killed their king in single combat. In his third consulship he was a colleague of Fabius Maximus, and he went (214) into S Italy and Sicily to prosecute the Second Punic War. He besieged Syracuse and took (212) the city, in spite of the ingenious defenses made by Archimedes. In his fifth consulship he fell in a skirmish with Hannibal's men near Venusia. Plutarch wrote a biography of him. Marcus Claudius Marcellus, d. 45 BC, was a friend of Cicero and subject of the Ciceronian oration, Pro Marcello. He held the posts of curule aedile (56 BC) and consul (51 BC). As a senatorial partisan Marcellus defended Milo against Clodius and joined the opponents of Julius Caesar in the civil war. Caesar pardoned him after Pharsalus. Marcus Claudius Marcellus, 42 BC–23 BC, was son of Octavia, sister of Augustus, who greatly favored him. Marcellus was considered to be Augustus' intended heir; he was adopted as son of the emperor, married to Julia, the emperor's daughter, and made pontifex. He died at Baiae, and Augustus named a theater for him.

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Marcellus of Ancyra

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.

Copyright The Columbia University Press

Marcellus of Ancyra (märsĕl´əs, ănsī´rə), fl. 350, Galatian churchman, the most violent opponent of Arianism in Asia Minor. He developed the theory that the Trinity was the result of emanations from God that would ultimately revert to God in the final judgment. Marcellus practically denied all distinction between Father and Son, thus teaching a virtual Sabellianism (see Sabellius) that proved embarrassing to his orthodox defenders. His views were eventually condemned.

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Marcellus of Ancyra

New Catholic Encyclopedia
COPYRIGHT 2003 The Gale Group Inc.

MARCELLUS OF ANCYRA

Bishop and controversial figure in the Trinitarian debate after Nicaea; b. c. 280; d. 374. As bishop of Ancyra he attended the council there in 314 and that of nicaea in 325, where he strongly opposed arianism. He published a major work against asterius the Sophist c. 330, in which he not only attacked both Eusebius of Nicomedia and Eusebius of Caesarea but also laid himself open to the accusation of sabellianism. Consequently he became one of the main targets of the anti-Nicene party. eusebius of caesarea attacked him in his Contra Marcellum and De ecclesiastica theologia. At a synod of Constantinople, Marcellus' book was condemned, and he was deposed and exiled. After the death of Constantine I in 337, when all exiled bishops were repatriated, Marcellus regained his see but was soon forced to leave again. He took his case to the West, where both a synod in Rome (340) and the Western assembly of sardica (343) declared his doctrine orthodox.

The Eastern Councils of Antioch (341) and Sardica (343), however, reaffirmed their condemnation in strong terms. The openly heretical doctrines of Photinus of Sirmium, a disciple of Marcellus, finally induced athanasius of alexandria and his Western allies to sever communion with Marcellus. Nothing is heard of him after 345, but many continued to write against him. epiphanius of salamis included him in his list of heretics (Panarion 72.1), as did the first canon of the Council of Constantinople I in 381.

Although Marcellus' treatise against Asterius is no longer extant, the numerous citations in Eusebius prove that his trinitarian doctrine was definitely unorthodox and closely related to a pre-Nicene type of dynamic monarchianism. While he admits the eternity of the Logos as such, he denies an eternal generation in God, holding that the Logos became Son at the Incarnation only. Similarly, at the consummation of the world, both the Son and the Spirit will reenter the Godhead, and there will be the absolute Monad again. Hence the affirmation against Marcellus in many creeds: "… of Whose Kingdom there will be no end."

According to St. Jerome (De vir. ill. 86) Marcellus wrote several other volumes against the Arians, but nothing remains of them, unless one agrees with F. Scheidweiler, who recently defended the Marcellan authorship of the pseudo-Athanasian treatises Sermo maior de fide and Expositio fidei. Also, a small treatise, De sancta ecclesia, formally attributed to Anthimus of Nicomedia, has been restored to Marcellus by M. Richard.

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