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Tuesday, July 30, 2013

2.OBJECTIVES
Overview of migration worldwide
Highlight the complexity of migration

3.KEY MESSAGES
Migration is about human beings
policy and legal framework
Migration is essential and inevitable
Migration can benefit migrants, countries of origin and destination when it is orderly and humane

4.Definitions
A process of moving, either across an international border or within a state, whatever its length, composition and causes
It includes migration of refugees, displaced persons, uprooted people and economic migrants
A Migrant is …
At the international level, no universally accepted definition exists
The term is usually understood to cover all cases where the decision to migrate is taken freely by the individual concerned for reasons of “personal convenience” and without intervention of an external compelling factor
It applies to persons, and family members, moving to another country or region to better their material or social conditions and improve the prospect for themselves or their family

5.A diaspora is …
Any people or ethnic population that leave their traditional ethnic homelands, being dispersed throughout other parts of the world
Refugees are …
A person, who “owing to well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinions, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country”
Internally displaced persons (IDP) are …
Persons or groups of persons who have been forced or obliged to flee or to leave their homes
In particular as a result of or in order to avoid the effects of armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights or natural or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognized State border

6.Migration At a Glance
A Complex, Global Phenomenon
24.5 million conflict related internally displaced people (by the close of 2006)
A phenomenon affecting all countries either as countries of origin, transit, destination or, increasingly, a combination of these
Considerable potential for development and progress: remittances, transfer of know-how, multi-culturalism, contribution to economies of host countries
Negative phenomena, too: brain drain, irregular migration in particular trafficking and smuggling, social tensions, impact on labour markets

7.Four key determining factors in case of cross border migration:
Pull of changing demographics and labor market needs in higher income countries
Push of wage differentials and crisis pressures, and
Social networks within regions and across continents, based on family, friends, culture and history
Low cost of transportation and communication