Card Range To Study

50 Cards in this Set

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Presidential Reconstruction

When:
1863-66

Where:
DC

Who:
Lincoln / Johnson

What:
An attempt at quickly reuniting the country.

Why:
This phase addressed how secessionist
Southern states would return to the Union,
(Reconstruction vs Restoration)
and what the civil status of the leaders of
the Confederacy would be.
(Punishment vs Amnesty)

Wade-Davis Bill

When:
1864

Where:
DC

Who:
Congress: Benjamin Wade / Henry Davis

What:
A bill in passed in contrast to Lincoln's 10% plan.

Why:
It shows Congress' intent to gain power by putting themselves in charge of reconstruction & making it nearly impossible for successionist to "come back" into the union. Lincoln pocket-vetoed the bill which sparked his last public address where Lincoln stated that the states had "never left the union".

Freedman's Bureau

When:
1865

Where:
The South / DC (War Department)

Who:
Andrew Johnson (Congress/Freed Slaves)

What:
An organization to assimilate freed slaves.

Why:
It was the FIRST effort to help out the newly freed African Americans; the first effort at social welfare.

Why:
It kept "freed" slaves in a sort of pseudo-slavery with (more often than not) corrupt landlords leading them into a corrupt crop-lien system and tying them down to debt cycle. AND tremendously damaging the environment.

13th Amendment

When:
1865

Where:
The US

Who:
Lincoln/Congress/Union

What:
An amendment following the civil war

Why:
Ratification of the 13th amendment abolished slavery throughout the union.

14th Amendment

When:
1866 / 68

Where:
The US

Who:
President / Congress / States

What:
An amendment to remove all doubt of constitutionality of the Civil Rights Act

Why:
1.Reaffirms state / federal citizenship.
2. Forbids STATE to deprive any PERSON of life, liberty, or property.
3. Forbids the denial of any person, the equal protection of the law.

15th Amendment

When:
1870

Where:
The US

Who:
President / Congress / States

What:
An amendment that states were required to ratify before re-admission to the Union.

Why:
Forbids states to deny any person the right to vote on ground of color, race, or previous condition of servitude.

Jim Crow

When:
1876 - 1965

Where:
The South

Who:
White Elites
("Jim Crow": inspired by traveling entertainer)

What:
state / local laws in US

Why:
- mandated racial segregation in public places
- found their way into every area of southern life by way of the 14th Amendment "loophole" -"any STATE"… establishing "separate but equal" status for AA

Why:
Johnson deliberately violated the "Tenure of Office Act".
(fired sec. of war Edwin Stanton) Resulting in a trial that fell 1 vote short of 2/3 majority needed to remove Johnson. Though failure to remove Johnson sucked for Radical Republican morale / support - Johnson did agree not to obstruct Reconstruction.

Mississippi Plan
page 757

When:
1890

Where:
Mississippi

Who:
MS / Black Voters

What:
Plan to revoke AA vote

Why?
Set a pattern of voting requirements,
(residency, crime conviction, taxes paid, literacy test)
that made their way to 7 other states, disqualifying a vast majority of AA vote.

Compromise of 1877
page 735

When:
1877

Where:
DC

Who:
Hayes / Tilden

What:
Confusion over electoral victory
(leading to the formation of Electoral Commission)

Why?
The Compromise: If Hayes would pull the troops out of the South, then he wins… Led to the end of Reconstruction, leaving AA to fend for themselves.

Why?
"the atlanta compromise" - as dubbed by Dubois was booker's speech that basically said to compromise and work industry jobs

W E B Dubois
page 763

When:
1895

Where:
America

Who:
First AA Harvard Grad

What:
AA "Fighter of Adversity"
- against booker

Why?
virulently opposed bookers view… wanting total equality now… vs later. later, he was a founding member of NAACP

Plessy vs Ferguson
page 759

When?
1896

Where?
New Orleans

Who?
Homer Plessy
(Octaroon) (1/8 AA)

What?
S.Court case over race-separated rail cars

Why?
Established "Separate but equal" rubric

Pendleton Act
page 872

When?
1883

Where?
DC

Who?
Chester Arthur / Mugwumps

What?
An act to change the way elections worked

Why?
Got rid of the existing "spoils system"
(popular president win, "to the victor goes the spoils")
established "merit system" in government.

Grover Cleveland
page 874

When?
President in 1885

Where?
DC

Who?
Reform Candidate

What?
Democrat w/ Illegitimate Son

Why?
- vetoed many self-serving bills
- "though the people support the government,
the government should not support the people"
- made the issue of tariff reform central to politics

Interstate Commerce Act / ICC
page 876

When?
1887

Where?
DC

Who?
Cleveland

What?
Independent Federal Regulatory Commission

Why?
it was the first group appointed to see to it that government regulations/rules were being enforced… the ICC made sure that all freight cars were "reasonable and just" and that no secret deals/lobbying/bribery of gov were taking place

The Influence of Sea Power

When?
1890

Where?
DC I'm sure...

Who?
Mahan - Navy Guy

What?
A book on the correlation between strong navy - successful country

Why?
Inspired Congress - who went and built an entire fleet (the white fleet) of navy ships…

What?
a self proclaimed "stability-seeking" group
(tired of the market fluctuation)

Why?
1) catalysts for the emergence of new government concepts
2) women emerged as the "key to change"
- universal suffrage

(10 days: Essay Question)

How did the assassination of President William McKinley unexpectedly change America?

President William McKinley's death unexpectedly changed America by elevating Vice-President Theodore Roosevelt to an "accidental" presidency, laying the foundation for the nation's transformation from a "rural republic" to it's emergence as a world power in the 20th century.

Why?
A form of "direct government" giving people more of a say in laws / elections
- Initiative: people proposing laws
- referendum: legislators asking citizens opinion
- recall: the ability for citizens to pull people out of office / laws out of legislation