Mental math skills involve the ability to perform mathematical calculations in the mind, without relying on pencil and paper. Mental math skills enable students to estimate answers to calculations, and so be able to work quickly on everyday problems and judge the reasonableness of answers calculated formally.

– Focusing on the Fundamentals of Math – A Teacher’s Guide, p.2-3

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A Guide to Effective Instruction in Mathematics, K-6, Number Sense and Numeration Vol 1, The Big Ideas