The approximately 10,455 military engagements plus naval
clashes, accidents, suicides, sicknesses, murders, and executions resulted in total casualties of 1,094,453 during the Civil War.
The Union lost 110,100 killed in action and mortally wounded, and another 224,580 to disease.

The Confederates lost approximately 94,000 as a result of battle and another 164,000 to disease. Even if one survived a wound, any projectile that hit
bone in either an arm or a leg almost invariably necessitated amputation. The best estimate of Federal army personnel wounded
is 275,175; naval personnel wounded, 2,226. Surviving Confederate records indicate 194,026 wounded.

In dollars and cents, the U.S. government estimated Jan. 1863 that the war was costing $2.5 million daily. A final official estimate
in 1879 totaled $6,190,000,000. The Confederacy spent perhaps $2,099,808,707. By 1906 another $3.3 billion already had been
spent by the U.S. government on Northerners' pensions and other veterans' benefits for former Federal soldiers. Southern states
and private philanthropy provided benefits to the Confederate veterans. The amount spent on benefits eventually well exceeded the
war's original cost.

Inflation affected both Northern and Southern assets but hit those of the Confederacy harder. Northern currency fluctuated in
value, and at its lowest point $2.59 in Federal paper money equaled $1 in gold. The Confederate currency so declined in
purchasing power that eventually $60-$70 equaled a gold dollar.

The physical devastation, almost all of it in the South, was enormous: burned or plundered homes, pillaged countryside, untold
losses in crops and farm animals, ruined buildings and bridges, devastated college campuses, and neglected roads all left the
South in ruins.

Detailed studies of Union and Confederate military casualties are found in Numbers and Losses in the Civil War in America
1861-65 by Thomas L. Livermore (I901) and Regimental Losses in the American Civil War, 1867-1865 by William F. Fox (1889).

Source: "Historical Times Encyclopedia of the Civil War" Edited by Patricial L. Faust