Probably Ineffective Uses

One of the major herbs used in
traditional Chinese herbal medicine
,
Angelica sinensis
is closely related to European
Angelica archangelica
,
a common garden herb and the flavoring in Benedictine and Chartreuse liqueurs. The carrot-like roots of this fragrant plant are harvested in the fall after about 3 years of cultivation and stored in airtight containers prior to processing.

Traditionally, dong quai is said to be one of the most important herbs for strengthening the
xue
. The Chinese term
xue
is often translated as "blood," but it actually refers to a complex concept in
traditional Chinese medicine
, of which the Western notion of blood is only a part. In the late 1800s, an extract of dong quai known as Eumenol became popular in Europe as a "female tonic," and this is how most people consider it in the West.

Dosage

We recommend using dong quai under the supervision of an herbalist qualified in
traditional Chinese herbal medicine
, not because the herb is dangerous, but because it is difficult to self-prescribe Chinese herbal formulas.

If you wish to self-treat with dong quai, a typical dosage is 10 to 40 drops of dong quai tincture 1 to 3 times daily, or 1 standard size 00 gelatin capsule, 3 times daily.

Safety Issues

Dong quai is generally believed to be nontoxic. According to Chinese studies, which may not have been up to current scientific standards, very large amounts have been given to rats without causing harm.
7
Side effects are rare and primarily consist of mild gastrointestinal distress and occasional allergic reactions (such as rash).

Contrary to popular belief, dong quai does not appear to have estrogen-like actions.
8,9
However, according to an article in the
Singapore Medical Journal
,
a 35-year-old man who used a prepared herbal formula called Dong Quai pills developed enlargement of his breasts.
10
Such enlargement would typically result if a man used estrogen. The authors of the article blamed the dong quai itself. However, a more likely explanation is that the prepared herbal formula was "spiked" with synthetic estrogen. There are numerous reports of prepackaged Asian herb products containing unlabeled constituents, including conventional medications designed to enhance their effect.
11,12

Interestingly, in a test-tube study, dong quai was again found to be nonestrogenic, and yet it nonetheless stimulated the growth of breast cancer cells.
15
Although the mechanism of this effect is not known, the results suggest that women who have had breast cancer should avoid using dong quai.

Dong quai may interact with the blood-thinning drug
warfarin
(Coumadin), increasing the risk of bleeding, according to one case report.
13
Dong quai might also conceivably interact with other blood-thinning drugs, such as
heparin
,
aspirin
, clopidogrel (Plavix), ticlopidine (Ticlid), or
pentoxifylline
(Trental).

Certain constituents of dong quai can cause
photosensitivity
(increased sensitivity to the sun), but this has not been observed to occur in people using the whole herb.

Safety in young children, pregnant or nursing women, or those with severe liver or kidney disease has not been established. One case report suggests that dong quai usage by a nursing mother caused elevated blood pressure in both the mother and child.
14

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.