III. Who's Where

The following listing of the nations of Western Europe include each person listed in the Biographies who was at any time posted in each country. For some countries, additional information about the U. S. intelligence activities there is given, as are additional sources beyond articles published in this book. Because of their appearance in articles, some persons who did not serve in Western Europe are also to be found in the Biographies. These persons are listed at the end of this section, with the country of most recent known posting given. Full details for each person in this section may be found by referring to the biographical listing.

Austria

AMERICAN EMBASSYIX Boltzmanngasse 16A-1091 Vienna34-66-11, 34-75-11

The CIA Station in Vienna has for many years been one of the most vital to the Agency in all Europe. It is what is known in intelligence Circles as a "listening post" for Eastern Europe, and serves as the base For vital planning and tactical support for ongoing covert operations in The region. It is therefore no coincidence that, both currently and over most of the post-war era, many veterans in the Clandestine Service served time under cover in Vienna.

Belgium

As the home of a number of international institutions of great importance to the CIA and to overall U.S. foreign policy (such as NATO, the European Common Market, and the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions), Brussels is one of the more significant European stations within the CIA's priorities.

France

AMERICAN EMBASSY2 Avenue Gabriel75008 Paris265-7460Sources:Liberation, "32 Agents de la CIA a Paris Identifies," "La CIA a Paris: Deuxieme Liste," & "Les 3 Jours de la CIA," 13-15 January 1976.Le Nouvel Observateur, Rene Backmann, Franz-Olivier Giesbert and Oliver Todd, "Ce Que Cherchent les Agents de la CIA en France".One of the larger CIA complements in Europe, the Paris Station has been headed by a Special Assistant to the Ambassador, the veteran Eugen F. Burgstaller. Besides Burgstaller's office, the Station also includes three other well-defined units - the Regional Reports Office, Regional Administrative Support, and the American Liaison Section - as well as a small telecommunications group.The names first appeared in Liberation, an independent left-wing daily in Paris, which gives prominent coverage to the activities of the CIA throughout the world.

Germany

AMERICAN EMBASSYMehlemer Avenue5300 Bonn-Bad Goldesberg(02221) 89-55

Source: Informations-Dienst, 31 January 1976With over 1000 people, the Bonn Embassy is believed to be the biggest in the world. Even larger than the Paris operation, the CIA Station in Bonn has until recently been headed by William J. Graver, who held the nominal post of Coordinator and Advisor (OCA), under cover of the Department of State. The new Chief at this vital Station is reported to be Warren E. Frank. His office contains separate Research, Records, and Liaison offices, and there are also CIA personnel under the Office of the Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (OSD/ISA) and the United States Army Europe (USAREUR), Regional Survey Unit.Prior to publication, the Editors contacted seven different offices at the Department of State and the Pentagon which deal with German affairs, in an effort to get an accurate and official clarification regardmg the formal link of these offices. The sole clarification came from the Department of the Army intelligence people, who said through a press spokesperson: "We can not confirm or deny that we own the two units" (OCA and USAREUR). Therefore, the Editors have decided to designate these two CIA offices as formally under cover of the Department of State.Other CIA offices appear under State Department cover in regular Embassy sections, and there is also a telecommunications unit at the Rhein-Main Air Base in Frankfurt.The names of the CIA people first appeared in the alternative news service Informations-Dienst.

Greece

Probably the largest CIA operation anywhere in Europe, the Athens CIA Station includes a massive telecommunications complex - the Regional Relay Facility and supporting units - which transmits top-secret coded messages between the CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia, and CIA Stations beyond Greece. The Athens Station also has its own ample telecommunications group, while the operations officers are divided among the Office of the Special Assistant, the Embassy Political Section, and the Joint U.S. Military Assistance Group-Greece (JUSMAGG).The first exposé of CIA identities in Greece, which carried the name of the later-assassinated Station Chief Richard Skeffington Welch, appeared in the English-language Athens News. Other articles are also reprinted in this book.Sources;Athens News, "Letter of the Committee of Greeks and Greek-Americans" 25 November 1975 'Athens News, News Stories (see p. 8:; )Liberation, "Communique of the November 17 Revolutionary Organization"Philip Agee, "The American Factor in Greece: Old and New," Anti, May 1977.

Iceland

Laufasvegur 21Reykjavik29100

NICKERSON, DAVID

SIMENSON, WILLIAM CHARLES

Italy

AMERICAN EMBASSYVia V. Veneto, 119/A00187 Rome(06) 4674

Sources:La Repubblica, Steve Weissman, "Ecco La CIA in Italia," 15 January 1976.L' Espresso, Mario Scialoja, "Quelli delia CIA" & "En Ecco Che Ci Ha Dato I Nomi," 25 January 1976.The most vulnerable of the CIA operations in Europe, the CIA Station in Rome has received widespread publicity for its ongoing intervention into Italian politics, as revealed in the report of the Pike committee of the U.S. House of Representatives. The Station itself is largely divided between an office under cover of the Embassy Political Section and a United States Army Europe Southern European Projects Unit (USASEPU) also located in the Embassy. There is a CIA telecommunications group, and various other CIA officers have been found in different sections of the Embassy.As in the case of Germany, the Editors contacted both the Department of State and the Pentagon for some official comment about the formal affiliation of the USASEPU organization. No one, including the State Department's Italy desk officers, knew a thing about it. Once again, the Editors have designated it as a functional unit under cover of the Department of State.The first articles naming recent CIA officers in Italy appeared in the Rome daily La Repubblica and the weekly magazine L' Espresso.

Luxembourg

22 Boulevard Emmanuel ServaisBrussels40123/7

CRAWFORD, SETH TURNERSILVER, ARNOLD M.

WYATT, FELTON MARK

Netherlands

AMERICAN EMBASSY102 Lange VoorhoutThe Hague62-49-11

One of the smaller units, the CIA Station in The Hague was first revealed by the Dutch weekly Vrij Nederland.Source: Vrij Nederland, Rudi Van Meurs, "De Firma-Nogmaals: de CIA in Nederland" 31 January 1976.'

Portugal

AMERICAN EMBASSYAvenida Duque De Loule 39Lisbon57-01-02

First revealed by former CIA officer Philip Agee in his "Letter to the Portuguese People," the Lisbon CIA Station has maintained an extremely low profile through Portugal's time of troubles.Sources:Philip Agee, "A Letter to the Portuguese People," August, 1975.Philip Agee, "Changes in the CIA in Portugal," July, 1976.

Spain

A small number of CIA people have been identified in Spain, though the total is known to be larger. The names first appeared in Spain's largest weekly news magazine, Cambio 16.Source: Cambia 16, "La CIA, Aqui, Ahora," 12-18 January 1976.

Sweden

AMERICAN EMBASSYStrandvagen 101Stockholm63-05-20

Like the list of CIA in Finland, the identities of the Stockholm CIA Station were first revealed by the freelance journalist George Lennox, following a trip to Sweden by Philip Agee.The activities of the CIA in Sweden were exposed and examined in depth, after a year-long examination, by the Stockholm bi-weekly magazine Folket-i-Bild: Kulturfront.Sources: Expressen, "Sa arbetar USA: 5 agenter i Sverige," 21 October 1975.Folket-i-Bild: Kulturfront, Jan Guillou and Roger Wallis, "CIA i Sverige, " 4-17 March 1976.

Switzerland

CIA personnel have been identified operating under cover in the Embassy in Bern, as well as in the U. S. Mission to the European Office of the United Nations in Geneva and the Consulate General in Zurich.Switzerland is one of the CIA's most important operational centers because of the many international organizations based in Geneva. Not only does the Agency collect a great deal of information about Third World countries there, but it also has a continual program aimed at recruitment of diplomats to work for the CIA upon returning home.In addition, the Agency makes use of liberal Swiss banking practices to provide cover for many of its ongoing international financial operations.

United Kingdom

One of the largest CIA units in Europe, the London Station was headed from October 1973 until the summer of 1976 by Cord Meyer, Jr., who previously ran the Agency's International Organizations Division, the division which secretly subsidized labor, student and cultural groups throughout the world. Meyer's official cover in London was as chief of the so-called Political Liaison Section, which shares offices with another CIA unit called the Joint Reports and Research Unit (JRRU).A separate CIA office, the Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS) is also located in the Embassy. A separate operation, also officially under cover of the Department of State - the Office of the Special U.S. Liaison Officer (SUSLO) - appears to be a cover unit for the National Security Agency, rather than for the CIA.Late in the summer of 1976, Meyer was replaced as Chief of Station by Edward W. Proctor.Over 100 CIA and NSA employees have so far been identified in London, with as many as 60 to 70 serving at anyone time. The major exposes have appeared in the London weekly magazine Time Out and the newspaper of the International Marxist Group, Red Weekly.Sources:Time Out, Mark Hosenball and Phil Kelly, "Spotting Spooks in Grosvenor Square," 18-24 April 1975"Who's Who in the CIA," 9-15 May 1975"Naming Names," 23-29 January 1976.Red Weekly, Mick Gosling, "We Name the CIA in Britain," 4 March 1976.