The work environment and non-monetary factors are strong predictors of the likelihood that full-time employees transit to part-time employment, retirement, or being unemployed or out of the labor force.

Personality traits are not strongly related to such labor force transitions. However, personality interacts with job characteristics: the effect of the latter on labor supply outcomes varies significantly with the “intensity” of personality traits.

Job characteristics are related to personality. This suggests that personality drives selection into certain jobs or occupations and may therefore have cumulative effects on the timing of retirement through this indirect pathway.