DB-9 Connector Pinouts and Signals

How to Construct a Cable for Garmin GPS receivers
Thank you for obtaining a connector for Garmin GPS receivers from us.
This document will provide you with the information you need to construct
virtually any type of cable you may require, whether you want to connect
your GPS to a computer, two GPS units to each other, or to provide power
to your GPS.
Please remember that this information is provided without warranty of any
kind. Though every effort is being made to ensure that the information is
accurate, we cannot be held responsible for any errors or omissions. If
you construct a cable that doesn’t work (or even worse, damages your
GPS, computer, or yourself) as a result of a mistake in these instructions,
we would appreciate learning about the error so that it can be fixed, but we
cannot be held liable for any damages.
A note about supplying power to your GPS
Some Garmin GPS receivers are capable of running off external power
ranging up to +32VDC or more, whereas others can only accept a maximum of +8VDC. If your receiver can only accept 8 volts and you connect
it directly to a car battery, you will damage your GPS (sometimes 18 volts
or more can be present at the terminals of a 12 volt car battery, depending
on its state of charge). If you want to build a cable providing power to such
a receiver, you must incorporate a voltage regulator circuit to bring the voltage down to an acceptable level (the schematic diagram for such a circuit
appears later in this document). Such a circuit isn’t necessary if your receiver can deal directly with the voltage you are giving it.
We’re aware that the GPS-12, GPS-38, and GPS-40 receivers are limited
to 8 volts, thus requiring a voltage regulator, and there may be others.
Garmin provides a centre plastic pin on the connector of their GPSes
which are limited to low input voltages. This enables a non-regulated power supply cable to be constructed which cannot be accidentally used on
such receivers. But the safest thing is to check your user manual before
supplying power to your GPS.
Assembling the Connector
The parts making up a Garmin-compatible GPS connector are shown in
the exploded view below:
Screw
Cap
Top
Pins
Base
Connector Pinouts and Signals
Diagrams represent the view of the connector as
seen from the side that plugs into the computer or
GPS. In other words, this is the side of the connector that you do NOT attach wires to. Keep this in
mind when constructing your cable.
1
DB-9
5
5
Male
6
Pin 1
Pin 2
Pin 3
Pin 4
Pin 5
Pin 7
Pin 8
9
DCD
RxD
TxD
DTR
GND
RTS
CTS
Female
9
6
Carrier Detect
Receive Data
Transmit Data
Data Terminal Ready
Signal Ground
Ready to Send
Clear to Send
DB-25
1
Male
25
Pin 1
Pin 2
Pin 3
Pin 4
Pin 5
Pin 7
Pin 8
Pin 20
25
1
Female
14
Shield EMI Shield
TxD
Transmit Data
RxD
Receive Data
RTS Ready to Send
CTS Clear to Send
GND Signal Ground
DCD Carrier Detect
DTR Data Terminal Ready
Mini Din-8
6
3
To assemble the connector, first insert the contact ends of the pins into the
side of the base with the small centre hole. Then place the top over the
pins so that it is flush with the base (the top and base together will hold the
pins securely in place). Solder wires to the ends of the appropriate pins
protruding into the top piece, ensuring that you don’t let the pins get too
hot, or the plastic connector may melt. You can then place the cap over
the top and use the screw to hold everything together.
Pin 1
Pin 2
Pin 3
Pin 4
Pin 5
Pin 6
Pin 7
Pin 8
7
4
8
Male
5
1
2
HSKo Handshake Output
HSKi Handshake Input
TxD- Transmit Data SG
Signal Ground
RxD- Receive Data TxD+ Transmit Data +
GPi
General purpose Input
RxD+ Receive Data +
GPS Connector
2
If you are making an unregulated power supply cable, consider inserting
the plug into the large centre hole in the base (it’s a friction fit). This will
help to ensure that the cable you make is not accidentally used with a low
voltage GPS receiver. If you’re building a regulated circuit for a low voltage receiver that has a centre plastic pin, this plug must be left out.
For specific details on how to construct a cable, please refer to the “Connector Pinouts and Signals” diagrams to the right, as well as the information on the following page.
13
14
13
Plug
Note that the base section is oriented so that the side
with the larger centre hole is to the right.
1
Female
3
1
2
3
4
Gnd
TxD
V+
RxD
1
4
Signal/Power Ground
Transmit Data
Power
Receive Data
Constructing a Data Cable for the IBM with a DB-9
Serial Connector
First, determine whether or not you need a male or female
DB-9 to plug into the serial port of your computer (most computers will require a female DB-9). Use the pinout diagrams
on the preceding page for the DB-9 and GPS connectors,
and connect the following pins:
GPS
Pin 4 (RxD)
Pin 2 (TxD)
Pin 1 (Gnd)
DB-9
Pin 3 (TxD)
Pin 2 (RxD)
Pin 5 (Gnd)
Mini DIN-8
Pin 3 (TxD-)
Pin 5 (RxD-)
Pin 4 (Gnd)
If your GPS emits a true RS-232 signal (most don’t), tie Pin
8 on the Mini DIN-8 to Pin 4 to ground it.
Incorporating a Power Source into your Cable
If your GPS is one of those capable of dealing with relatively
high voltages, all you have to do is connect the positive supply to Pin 3 (V+) on the GPS connector, and the ground to
Pin 1 (the same pin is used on Garmin receivers for both
power and signal ground).
Constructing a Data Cable for the IBM with a DB25 Serial Connector
First, determine whether or not you need a male or female
DB-25 to plug into the serial port of your computer. Use the
pinout diagrams on the preceding page for the DB-25 and
GPS connectors, and connect the following pins:
GPS
Pin 4 (RxD)
Pin 2 (TxD)
Pin 1 (Gnd)
GPS
Pin 4 (RxD)
Pin 2 (TxD)
Pin 1 (Gnd)
If you have a receiver limited to lower voltages, you’ll have to
incorporate a regulator circuit into your cable if you want to
use your GPS with anything like a car battery (via a lighter
adapter, for example). In either case, don’t forget to add a
fuse inline with the external power source.
The following circuit will provide a steady output of 6VDC to
a GPS receiver, which should work for most Garmin models
(though as always, check with your manual to be sure of the
maximum voltage tolerated by your receiver, and double
check the output voltage before connecting it up).
DB-25
Pin 2 (TxD)
Pin 3 (RxD)
Pin 7 (Gnd)
Constructing a Data Cable to connect two Garmin
GPS receivers
7806
Obtain two GPS connectors and wire them as follows:
GPS 1
Pin 4 (RxD)
Pin 2 (TxD)
Pin 1 (Gnd)
9-35V
External
Power
Gnd
GPS 2
Pin 2 (TxD)
Pin 4 (RxD)
Pin 1 (Gnd)
Constructing a Data Cable for the Macintosh
The Macintosh serial port can deal with either RS-232 or RS422 signals, and uses the Mini DIN-8 connector. Wire the
cable as follows:
in
out
+
+
0.1µF
1µF
Pin 3 (V+)
GPS
Pin 1 (Gnd)
In this circuit, 7806 is a 6V voltage regulator, and the values
and types of capacitors are not critical. If you find your GPS
still wants to run off its internal batteries with the external
supply connected, chances are that it needs a bit more than
6VDC to trigger it into using the external supply. To fix this,
try a voltage regulator with a bit higher output—just don’t exceed the maximum input voltage for your GPS.
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