In order to survive, the pastoralists took the following steps (i) They had to judge how long the herds could stay in one area and know where could they find water and pasture.(ii) They needed to calculate the timing of their movements and ensure that when could move through different territories.(iii) They also had to develop a relationship with farmers on the way. so that the herds could graze in harvested fields and manures the soil.(iv) They had to combine a range of different activities like cultivation, trade and herding to make their living.