Tuesday, September 29, 2009

James Henderson began his career as a publisher in Manchester in 1861 with The Weekly Budget. He set up publishing offices in London at Red Lion House, Red Lion Court and began a penny children’s story paper called Our Young Folks’ Weekly Budget which ran under various titles from 2 January 1871 to 31 October 1896. On 12 December 1874 he published a penny tabloid comic called Funny Folks with a cover by John Proctor, who signed his work “Puck.” Proctor worked regularly on Young Folks and Funny Folks from their beginnings. The letters following, courtesy of Don Kurtz, are from John Proctor to William Sawyer, the editor of Funny Folks. A Chat with John Proctor HERE.

Monday, September 28, 2009

Here’s a curiosity from the Newsagents Publishing Co.’s penny dreadful
catalog, Jolly Dogs of London; or, the Two Roads of Life, first published in
1864. The usual fare of the NPC was tales of wild sewer boys, boy detectives
and boy highwaymen. Jolly Dogs was actually based on a popular music hall song
called Jolly Dogs, also known as Slap-Bang, written by a man named Harry
Copeland and attaining great popularity through the performances of the comic
singer The Great Vance.

In 1865 Copeland testified in a copyright case that the song had attained
great popularity, “a fact that did not say much for the taste of the British
public, for though he had written 100 songs this was the worst of them.”
Copeland frequently heard the air played in the streets much to his annoyance.

The song had its origins in an obscene American song of 1860 called “The
Bungalow,” which was adapted in England as “Slap Bang, or the Adventures of
Solomon Slip Stitch,” before being adapted by Copeland. The following short
biography of The Great Vance comes from The Variety Stage, a history of the
music halls from the earliest period to the present time (1895):

Alfred Peck Stevens, professionally known as Alfred Glanville Vance, was
born in London in 1840, and originally destined for the law, for which purpose
he was placed in a solicitor's office in Lincoln's Inn Fields. He cherished a
secret delight, however, in theatrical affairs, and after three years'
experience of pounce and parchment, quitted the office stool, and donned the
sock and buskin. His first professional engagement was with Mr. Edmund Falconer
at the Preston Theatre, where he received a salary of fifty shillings a week,
and had to play all sorts of parts, including that of spangled harlequin.

He then went on the North­ampton circuit, and after wandering about in this
manner for some time, accepted an engagement at Liverpool with Mr. Copeland.
Later on, he opened a dancing academy in that town, which not proving
particularly lucrative, he took an entertainment of his own round the
provinces, after the manner of Cowell and other artistes.

In this entertainment he impersonated no less than twenty different
characters, visiting with his show nearly every town in the United Kingdom. He
next came to London, where he was induced by Mr. J. J. Poole to adopt the
variety stage. Following Mr Poole's advice, he made his appearance at the
Metropolitan and Philharmonic, scoring an in­stantaneous and lasting success.

Vance was a clever dancer and character vocalist, and in his own peculiar
line has never been excelled. He was particularly successful in Cockney
ditties, and his ‘Chickaleery Cove’ will not readily be for­gotten. The chorus
of this ditty at one time might have been heard chaunted in various keys by
various people in every part in London, and the small boy going home from
business at even­tide persisted in warbling :—

‘I'm a Chickaleery bloke with my one, two, three,

Vitechapel was the willage I was born in;

To catch me on the hop, or upon my tibby drop,

You must get up werry early in the morning.’

Vance died in active pursuit of his calling so recently as December 26th,
1889, on the stage of the Sun Music Hall at Knightsbridge.

On 5 Aug 1866 a melodrama of The Jolly Dogs was performed at the Britannia
theatre, “founded on a work by Mr. C. H. Hazlewood.” The principal character of
the drama was Edgar Wenlock, who “keeps a book, sees life, and is going full
tilt to ruin.” Other “jolly dogs” were his companions Richard Renshaw, Humphrey
Puffy, George Grant and a burglar named Grip.

Wenlock employs the burglar to open his master’s safe (a burglary based on
the real-life Cornhill robbery) which they accomplish and make a clean getaway,
although the look-out George Grant is caught by the police and dies in gaol.
The jolly dogs have many more scuffles with the police and Renshaw connives in
the murder of his twin brother. When Grip fires at a copper he accidentally
hits Renshaw. “Shot at the pigeon and killed the crow,” Grip mutters to
himself.

The 1869 Era Almanack gives the following portrait of the Britannia’s house
dramatist:

"HAZLEWOOD, Colin Henry, first turned his attention to authorship, in
1850, pro­ducing a farce at the City of London Theatre, entitled Who's the
Victim, which, received with favour, prompted him to further efforts. He had
been for some time previously the low comedian in the Lincoln, York, and
Western Circuits.

In 1851 he was engaged at the Surrey Theatre, appearing as Bobby
Blackberry, in The Rover's Bride, and was next engaged by Messrs. Nelson Lee
and Johnson for the City of London Theatre as low comedian. Here he remained
ten years, producing dramas, farces, burlesques, &c., in rapid succession.
A farce, called The Bonnet Builders' Tea Party, was brought out at the Strand
Theatre, then under the management of the late J. H. Tully, and its success
stimulated him to continue writing.

Jenny Foster and The Return of the Wanderer were then written for the
Britannia Theatre, and had a long run. These were followed by Waiting for the
Verdict, produced at the City of London Theatre, and which drew crowded houses
for many weeks. The New Britannia Theatre has brought out the greatest number
of Mr. Hazlewood's dramas: the most noticeable are Our Lot in Life, Cast on the
Mercy of the World, The Downfall of Pride, Rescue of the Orphans, The Castaway,
The Life of a Weaver, &c., &c. His son, Mr. Hazlewood, junior, is also
known as the author of various burlesques, chiefly produced at the Alexandra
Theatre."

In Crime and the Drama (1927) H. Chance Newton described the working
methods of Colin Henry Hazelwood. One thing the book does make clear is how the
authors of melodrama were all well read in the penny dreadfuls and Newgate
Calendar.

Newton worked closely with Colin Hazlewood in “nailing up” melodramas from
clippings taken from Reynolds’s Miscellany, The London Journal, The London
Reader, The Welcome Guest and the current penny dreadfuls. These clippings were
kept in filing cabinets so choice bits of dialogue could be easily found to fit
any situation. Kind of like the “swipe” files used by modern American comic
artists and illustrators.

Hazlewood’s real name was Henry Fleetwood and he was in serious trouble in
September 1865. I was unable to find further reports on the violent incident
below but I'm happy to report that his wife Ellen, the victim in the article,
survived until 1890, living with her family in Liverpool. C. H. Hazlewood died
in 1875:

The Examiner, 9 Sept 1865. Worship-street:- Henry Fleetwood, 44, of 216,
City-road, describing himself as a writer, was charged before Mr. Cooke with
violently assaulting his wife, Ellen Fleetwood, who was so injured as to be
unable to attend.

Mr. Edward Hymans, a skin merchant of 217 City-road, stated:- Last night,
about 7 o’clock, while standing in front of prisoner’s house, where a crowd had
collected, I saw a woman attempt to get over the railing dividing the garden of
the next house from his into his garden. She had got her right leg over the
railing when the prisoner came out of his house, seized hold of her leg with
both hands, and flung her back, face foremost, into the garden she wished to
come from.

She gave no signs of life after she fell but a groan now and then, and the
prisoner went back into his house. There was a great deal of blood where she
fell, and he did not attempt to assist her, but left her where she was. She was
left there for about twenty minutes, but he did not come out o her. Some of the
people in front got over the railings, and he came out several times to them,
but not to her, though she lay but a little distance from him.

By Mr. Safford, the clerk:- When he took hold of her foot it was quite
plain that it was for the purpose of throwing her over. I did not see any signs
of drunkenness about her. She appeared to me to be perfectly sober.

Mr. Hyman’s evidence was corroborated by Mr. Alfred Blake, and by Ada
Mills, milliner, who said that when the prisoner flung his wife over the
railings he had a table knife in his hand with which he made a side motion as
he did so, although she could not say whether he touched her with it. Her
crinoline caught in the palings, but was released by a young man who got over,
and it was then filled with blood.

Saker, 258 G, said: - The height of the rail is about three feet from the
ground, and the spikes on them, which are thin and sharp, project about two
inches from the cross-piece. She was very weak from loss of blood when I got
her to the station.

Mr. Eugene Yarrow, surgeon, of central-street, said Mrs. Fleetwood had a
lacerated wound in the thigh seven inches in length, an inch deep, and exposing
the muscles for about four inches; also a contusion over the left eye, and, as
she said she had no home, he sent her at once to the hospital.

By the prisoner: - She was certainly not drunk -- decidedly sober.

The prisoner cross-examined the witnesses with great ability, to elicit
that his wife was intoxicated, and that it was he woo released her clothes from
the railings; but he was positively corrected by each of them.

He then asked that bail might be accepted for his next appearance; but Mr.
Cooke told him that, until he had a certificate from the surgeon specifying
that the woman was entirely out of danger, he should not take bail; as should
erysipelas set in, as the surgeon thought probable, and death occur, he might
be charged with a more serious offense.

The Following article on “Flash” Songs, from The Era, 6 Sept 1902 mentions
The Great Vance song “The Chickaleary Cove,” and gives the history of such
slanging songs:

“FLASH” SONGS ON THE STAGE.

(special to the isa.)

Mr George Alexander, in the first act of If I Were King at the St. James's
Theatre, recites, or half chants, an English version of one of the first
“flash” ballades ever written as Villon, and Villon was the original author and
inspires of the words. “Flash” is, of course, the slang language of thieves,
rogues, brawlers, and the like, and is common to all countries. The chanson
d’argot of France and the romance di Germania of Spain have long held sway, but
the slang or cant song of England only dates from about the middle half of the
sixteenth century.

Prior to this period, says John Farmer in “Musa Pedestris,” there was
little trace of that flood of unorthodox speech which in this year of grace,
nineteen hundred and two, requires six quarto volumes duly to chronicle
--verily a vast and motley crowd. “When Harrison Ainsworth,” bays the compiler
of “Old English Songs and Ballads,” "”in his preface to ‘Rookwood’ claimed
to be the first to write a purely flash song he was very wide of the mark.

As a matter of fact, ‘Nix, my dolly pals, fake away,’ had been anticipated
in its treat­ment of canting phraseology by nearly three cen­turies, and
subsequently by authors whose names stand high in other respects in English
literature.”

But before entering into the heart of the subject, Revenons à nos moutons,
which is Villon's own phrase from his own play L'Avocat Pathelin. The first
ballade which Mr Alexander delivers in the Fir Cone Tavern in Mr Justin Huntly
M'Carthy's clever play If I Were King is, of course, based upon "Tout aux
Tavernes et aux Filles." This has naturally been rendered by many modern
hands, and notably by Mr W. E. Henley, whose first verse runs thus:--

Suppose you creeve or go cheap jack,

Or fog the broads, or fig a nag,

Or thimble rig, or knap a yack,

Or pitch a snide, or smash a rag ?

Suppose you duff or nose or lag,

Or get the straight, and land your pot ?

How do you melt the multy swag?

Booze and the blowens cop the lot!

The title is Englished into “Villon's straight tip to all cross coves.” Of
course Mr. M'Carthy has not made his version so obscure to the play-going
public as the above seems. And, in truth, to understand the “flash” language or
dialect a Slang Dictionary is necessary. From the days of Charles Bourdignė and
Francois Villon to those of Vidocq and Victor Hugo, the last of whom enlivened
the horrors of his “Dernier jour d'un Condamne” by a festive gong of this
class, the French have numerous ditties written in the argot of Paris and the
provinces.

Our own novelists have cultivated the art, but not with such vigour as one
might have expected; but we get good examples from the dramatists, Dekker,
Beaumont and Fletcher, Ben Jonson, and others. One of the best specimens
appears in Brome's “Jovial Crew,” while in “The Adven­tures of Bampfylde Moore
Carew” there is one ode of no particular merit. Some of the pieces of the
seventeenth century are so difficult to follow that it would be absurd to quote
them.

“A Budg and Snudg Song” is too hard to understand by explanation, but to
one versed in slang it is easy enough. It comes from A Warning to
Houseekeepers. This one, from one of the earliest pantomimes pro­duced, after
Rich's ventures, called “Frisky Moll,” deserves mention. It was sung in
Harlequin Sheppard at Drury-lane, in 1724. Here are the last two stanzas:--

I, Frisky Moll, with my rum coll,

Would grub in a bowzing ken,

But ere for the scran be had tipt the cole,

The Harman he came in.

A famble, a tattle, and two popps,

Had my Boman when he was ta'en;

But had he not bouz'd in the ciddle shops,

He'd still be in Drury-lane.

The author of this was an actor who originally per­formed at Bartholomew
and Southwark fairs. On Oct. 27th, 1721, his name appears as Sir Epicure Marmon
in The Alchemist at Drury-lane, and there he remained as a low comedian and
character actor for about eleven years. He died, greatly respected, in 1742.
From The Choice of Harlequin; or, The Indian Chief, by Mr. Messink, we give a
verse of “Ye scamps, ye pads, ye divers,” as sung by John Edwin in “The Keeper
of the Bridewell” --

Ye scamps, ye pads, ye divers, and all upon the lay

In Tothill-Fields gay sheekwalk, like lambs ye sport and play;

Rattling up your darbies, come hither at my call,

I'm jigger dubber here, and you are welcome to mill doll.

“Mill doll” means to pick oakum. There is not much apparent humour in these
songs, but, of course, that may only depend upon the point of view and our own
inability to “grasp -the-intention.” If we were not confining this paper to
songs chiefly sung in plays we could give ft very extended list of flash
ditties written by many of oar best poets -- Tom Moore penned several -- and
many by the minor bind.

In “The Universal Songster” of 1825 there are a large quantity, most of
which were sung at Ranelagh and Vauxhall and Marleybone Gardens, to say nothing
of Bagnigge Wells and Sadler's Wells and the old Grecian saloon. Thomas John
Dibdin, an accidental son of Charles Dibdin who was also a singer, dancer, and
actor, claimed to have written a tremendous number of pieces. He is well
represented in the volumes referred to in the slang line.

In Harrison Ainsworth's “Rookwood” (1834) and in his “Jack Sheppard” (1839)
there are many flash songs which were after­wards introduced into the various
plays dramatised from the latter story immediately it appeared, the most
striking being Jerry Jumper's Chaunt -- usually called, “Nix, my dolly pals,
fake away.” The first lines are: --

In a box of the stone jug I was born,

Of a hempen widow the kid forlorn,

Fake away,

And so on. It was song in a stage version of “Rookwood” at the Coburg
Theatre and the Surrey, and it was bodily lifted and put into John Baldwin
Buckstone's dramatization of Jack Sheppard, done at the Adelphi Theatre, Oct.
28th, 1839, when Mrs Keeley was the Jack, Lyon, Jonathan Wild; Paul Bedford,
Blueskin; J. F. Saville, Darrell; Edward Wright, Shotbolt,; and so on. There
are in the printed play no less than twenty-six speaking parts.

It was produced at the Bowery Theatre, New York, 1853. In England it rained
Jack Sheppard, and the Lord Chamberlain, when revivals were talked of later,
stepped in and for a time vetoed these performances. In Rookwood there are many
flash songs, and Harrison Ainsworth prided himself upon his skill in writing
them.

Passing over many “lays” that have appeared in magazines and books by
well-known writers, we come to Sixteen-String Jack, by Leman Rede -- 1841 --
and find “The High Pads' Frolic.” This opens --

In this connection, too, it should be borne in mind that the author of Tom
and Jerry wrote a series of “Sonnets for the Fancy,” when pugilism was one of
the national sports. En passant we may note “The Leary Man,” sung about everywhere
in 1857, “A Hundred Stretches Hence” from “The Rogue's Lexicon,” several tongs
by T. Milliken in Punch, Albert Chevalier's quite celebrated ditties, and a
number of pieces and parodies in thieves' dialect by G. R. Sims.

A one-time very popular prison ballad, which is still heard occasionally in
the streets, was the “Convict's Song,” in Janet Bride, by Dion Boucicault. It
was first rendered at the Adelphi in 1865 by Ben Webster, revived at the
Princess's in 1877, and at the Adelphi again in 1882. Charles Warner, on the
last-named date, was the Richard Pride, Miss/Gerard, Janet, and James
Fernandez, Monsieur Bernard. Mr. Harry Proctor as Black Jack sang the thieves'
lay:-

Farewell to old England the beautiful,

Farewell to my old pals as well,

Farewell to the famous Old Ba-i-ly,

Where I used for to cut such a swell.

Ri-chooral! Ri-chooral Oh!

In the play the convicts are transported to Botany Bay, as we are reminded
in the “moral” which is contained in the last verse. When Little Jack Sheppard was
presented at the Gaiety Theatre in 1885, a new version by H. P. Stephens was
sung by the late David James to the old melody, and caught on wonderfully well.
One other song will be remembered by many old stagers -- “The Chickaleary
Cove,” chanted by the Great Vance in 1864, and later:-

I'm a “chickaleary” cove with my one, two, three,

Whitechapel was the village I was born in;

For to get me on the hop, or on my tibby drop,

You must wake up very early in the mornin'.

I have a rorty gal, also a knowing pal,

And merrily together we jog on;

I do not care a flatch, as long as I've a tach,

Some pannum for my chest, and a tog on.

With a roaring repeat of the first four lines as chorus. After “Slap
Bang—here we are again!” this charming effusion made Vance's, reputation, and
there is no questioning the fact that in his par­ticular line he was a true
artist. We have not even half touched upon this interesting subject, which
simply teems with slang chants, thieves' poetry palaver, and flash songs
generally, for it is inexhaustible, and Frangois Villon was the father and
master of all chansons d'argot.

Thursday, September 24, 2009

The history of wood-engraving for reproduction in England properly begins with Thomas Bewick, whose bucolic wood engravings of birds, animals, cries of London, and illustrations to Aesop caught the fancy of the British public. Bewick’s influence on illustrated commercial art was to enormous. When Bewick died in 1828 many of his wood-blocks came into the possession of Jemmy Catnatch of Alnwick, in Northumberland. When Catnatch moved to London he began using the Bewick “cuts” over and over to illustrate his catchpenny broadsheets and children’s books. The wood-engraving process begun by the “father” of the wood-cut would last until mass reproduction of pen and ink drawings in newspapers and magazines first became possible in the 1880’s with the invention of the line process block, which used photography to transfer the artists’ pen drawing to a metal plate and on to the printing press.

Below is an explanation of the wood-block printing process from “The Pictorial Press its Origin and Progress” by Mason Jackson, London: Hurst and Blackett, 1885. This is not the entire chapter only the section dealing with the actual process. Some artists like Sir John Gilbert, R. A., drew directly on the block with no preliminaries.

Wednesday, September 23, 2009

Harry Furniss, author, journalist and caricaturist, joined the staff of Punch in 1880. On August 26 1893 he had a ruckus with J. G. Swift McNeill, an M.P. who was enraged at the caricaturist’s representation of his protruding front teeth as “startling deformities.” McNeill spent the day threatening to punch Furniss the moment they met. That evening the two did meet in a lobby at their mutual club and McNeil shoved his fist under the cartoonist’s nose.

“Your conduct has been blackguardly,” he shouted, “if you were not such a little man I would kick you. As it is I will merely pull your ear.” McNeil did grab his ear and twist it and shake it. Furniss managed to wrestle free as a crowd gathered and went off immediately to complain to the sergeant-at-arms.

He was born at Wexford, Ireland, on March 26, 1854, settled in London and contributed to Punch, The Illustrated London News, The Graphic, Black and White, The Magazine of Art, and The Strand. Furniss illustrated books as well including the works of Dickens and Thackeray. Harry Furniss, well-known black and white artist of Punch, died at his Hastings residence at mid-day January 14, 1925, leaving three sons, a daughter and a widow.

Tuesday, September 22, 2009

Punch cartoonist Dumb Crambo Jr. was J. Priestman Atkinson. “Dumb Crambo” was a Victorian rhyming game. Dumb Crambo Jr. is one of the more obscure Punch cartoonists these days but was widely admired in the seventies and eighties for his modest cartoons.

“In 1864 he was in the General Manager’s office at Derby, pleasingly varying his clerical duties by drawing caricatures for the amusement of his fellow clerks, and designing cartoons for the local satirical journal, the “Derby Ram,” which appeared spasmodically and devoted itself principally to electioneering purposes. One of his colleagues was Henry Lemon, Mark’s son, who showed his father some of his friend’s sketches. On the occasion of a subsequent visit paid by Mr. Atkinson to town, Mark Lemon invited him to dine at the Garrick Club (whither they drove in a hansom, much in the style shown in the sketch), and Shirley Brooks drank to him as “the future cartoonist of Punch.” His first cut -- an initial T -- appeared on page 15, Vol. XLVIII.”

Quote from The History of Punch, by M. H. (Marion Harry) Spielman, London: Cassell, 1895. Spielman (1858-1948) was the editor of The Magazine of Art (1878-1904) where he published numerous articles on caricature by himself and others.

William Giles Baxter was born of English parents in the south of Ireland in 1856 and spent his childhood in America and Derbyshire. His father had failed in establishing a factory for the making of starch from potatoes. After the death of his father he was apprenticed to a Manchester architect. When his indenture period was over he abandoned architecture for art, and at the age of twenty-one published a series of lithographic pictures entitled “Buxton Sketches.”

Baxter first attracted notice in 1879 when he established the weekly comic periodicalComus (afterwards altered to Momus,) published in Manchester. He specialized in comic portraits and drew a series of nearly life-sized heads called “Studies from Dickens” for that paper. WhenMomusfailed in 1883 he moved to London where with a friend and brother artist he designed political and humorous Christmas cards.

Baxter began contributing toJudy; or, the London Serio-Comic Journal, under Charles Henry Ross, but really came to prominence onAlly Sloper’s Half-Holiday published by Gilbert Dalziel. Baxter breathed new life into CHR’s creationAlly Sloperwith his large, masterly full-page cover illustrations and double-page interior spreads. Later he seceded from that journal and in conjunction with C. H. Ross, creator of Sloper, he started Choodle, which had a short life due to a breakdown in the artist’s health.

Like Ross he was an amateur actor. He died at age 32 on 2 June 1888 of ‘rapid consumption.’ In August 1888 Gilbert Dalziel issued from 99 Shoe-lane “Fifty Sloper Cartoons,” for a shilling, as a souvenir of the late artist. In June 1889 Baxter’s work was exhibited at the Royal Institute, Picadilly “Works of English Humourists.” The show had only a few works by Hogarth but devoted an entire gallery to the work of Thomas Rowlandson. Also featured were works by Cruikshank, Leech, Phiz, Seymour, Furniss, Tenniel, Sambourne, Keane, Fred Barnard, Charles Green, and Du Maurier. At the same time Cassell’s put on a black and white exhibition of magazine illustrators at the Memorial Hall on Farrington-street.

Monday, September 21, 2009

On 11 April 1949 the Madison City Wisconsin PTA and the American Association of University Women (AAUW) joined arms to eliminate objectionable comic books from the newsstands.

“There are at present more than 450 different comic book magazines published with a circulation of 15,000,000 books a week, sixty percent of which are purchased by adults, and forty per cent by children. Half of the books published deal with crime, murder, detailed descriptions of all kinds of tortures, felonies, sadisms, attempted rape, and every imaginable kind of violence. By picturing good parents in an unwholesome manner and law and order something to be sneered at, some of these books appear to be an insidious attempt to undermine the American family.”

A letter was sent to 400 city officials, school principals, presidents of men and women’s youth organizations, social agencies, PTA presidents and operators of newsstands in drug stores, bus stations, grocery stores and railroad terminals with an approved list of comics considered acceptable to young minds.

Below are two approved reading lists. The first was from 1949 and the second, much longer list was from 1951.

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Cartoonist, illustrator, storyteller, born in Nelson, B.C. in May 1950, has contributed to Chronicle, Weirdom, and Visions fanzines. John illustrated ‘Ronald and the Dragon’ by Lawrie Peters in 1975. Email: adcock34@gmail.com