Lexical Definition – explanation of how a word is used in the English Language. Necessary Condition – A is necessary for B if it is impossible to be B without being A. Example: Being a dog is necessary for being a collie. Sufficient Condition – A is sufficient for B if it is impossible to be A without being B. Example: Being a grandfather is sufficient for being a father. Conclusion – claim that an argument tries to establish. Premises – reasons offered in support of the conclusion. Logically Consistent – when all premises are true at the same time. Logically Inconsistent – premises contradict themselves, or cannot all be true simultaneously. Causal Possibility – doesn’t violate the laws of nature. Logical Possibility – doesn’t contradict itself. Inductive Argument

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Unformatted text preview: even if premises are true, it is logically possible for the conclusion to be false. Can be Weak Inductive Arguments or Strong Inductive Aruments. Deductive Argument truth of the premises guarantees that the conclusion must be true as well. Sound Argument valid deductive argument with true premises. Ockhams Razor An explanation is better than another explanation if (all other things considered) it is simpler. Principle of Conservatism Explanation A is better than Explanation B if (all other things considered) Explanation A fits together better with the rest of my beliefs about the world. a priori Justification justification based on an example or a case that occurred prior to your own experience....
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