Clinical Update: Acne

Acne is caused when sebum (oil produced by the body to maintain moisture) clogs skin pores. Propionibacteria acnes, which is found on the skin, thrives in the excess oil and inflammation results. A small amount of inflammation causes acne known as blackheads, whiteheads, or comedos. A deeper blockage causes a papule (pimple) and an even deeper blockage can cause painful nodules or cysts, the most severe acne lesions.

Acne treatment must be individualized to the patient. Topical agents in the form of gels, lotions, and creams, include benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics, retinoids, and salicylic acid. Oral antibiotics that may be prescribed include tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and azithromycin. Other acne treatment options include oral contraceptives, corticosteroid injections, isotretinoin (Accutane), and laser and light-based treatments. Laser resurfacing, dermabrasion, chemical peels, surgery, and dermal fillers are available options for treating acne scars.

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