when cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis at the samerate as bone is deposited on teh opposite side,

patella, medial/lateral

Runners knee is caused by ___ moving___ causing the cartilage to wear down and inflame the joint

the sacrum

What bone protects the following: urinary, reproductive, digestive

Axis

Which bone helps you gesture "no"

Cervical and Lumbar

Which of the four curves of the adult spinal column are not present until several months after birth

Ulna, humerus, extends

olecranon, located on the_______, fits into the olecranon

Functions of parathyroid hormone

increasing the rate of Ca aborptiondecrease rate of calium excretionraising level of Ca ion in the bloodstimulating osteoclast activity

Clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

The only direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton is where

The ulna and humerus interlocks

the elbow extremely stable because

Properties of synovial joints

freely movablecontains synovial fluidlined by a secretory epithelium covered by a capsule

Anterior fontanel, inferior to the frontal bone

The 'soft' spot on infants is called the _________ and is located______

Bones of the pelvis

Coxal bonesacrumcoccyx

turning the palm upward

which of the following movements is a good example of abduction

Bones grow wider

during appositional growth

marrow

the medullary cavity of bones contains

Trapezoid, capitate, trapezium, hamate

distal carpal bones includes

medial

in anatomical position, the ulna is located___________ to the radius

osteocytes

the lacunae of osseous tissue contains

endosteum

the lining of medullary cavity is called

Shoulder

best example of ball and socket joint

parasnasal sinuses

they provide xtensive area of mucous epitheliumthey make skull bones lighterThey include frontal, sphenoidal, and maxillary sinuses and ethmoidal air cellsThe mucus they secrete enters the nasal cavites and traps dirt and microbes

spongy

_____ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles

vertebral canal sacral canal

the _____ encloses the spinal cord, while the ____ are passage ways for blood vessels and nerves

calcitonin

elevated levels of calcium ion in the blood stimulate the secretion of the hormone___

-Calciumions released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum-calcium ion binds to troponin-troponin shifts, moving tropomyosin and exposing active site on actin'myosin binds to actin forming cross bridge- myosin head pivots towards center of sarcromere- myosin head binds to ATP molecule and detatches from actin

cell bodies of sensory neurons

dorsal root ganglia mainly contain

synergist

muscle that assist the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is

classifications of reflexes

development; complexity of neural circuit; whether they are sensory or motor; motor response

head, neck and vertebral column

the axial muscles function to move

phrenic

the ____ nerve which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates in the diaphram

dura mater

tough, fibrous outermost covering of the spinal cord is the

third class

the most common lever in the system in the body are those that have the applied force between the fulcum and the load, these are called ______ levers

Genio

which of the following terms could be used with a muscle that is associated with the chin?

events that occur at the neuromuscular junction

an action potential is generated in neuron and moves down axon- act potential in neuron cause calcium to rush into synaptic terminal- neuron releases Ach into Synaptic cleft- Ach binds to receptors on motor end plates- Na+ rushes to sarcoplasm- action potential generated in sarcolemma

convergent

___ muscle fibers pull in different directions, permitting different actions depending on stimulation

depolarization and inward movement of sodium ion will decrease

if the permeability of a resting axon to sodium ion increases

endomysium

the delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is

excitation-contraction coupling

Relaxation requires uptake of calcium ion by the sarcoplasmic reticulum.-Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.- Troponin binds calcium ion and signals tropomyosin to move.- Tropomyosin moves to expose myosin binding sites on actin.

dorsal ramus

the ______ of each spinal nerve innervates the skin and muscles of the back

functions of neuroglia

support,-maintenance of bloodbrain barrier- phagocytes

Anaxonic

neurons that are rare, small, and lack features that distinguish dendrites from axons are called

Tropomyosin molecules

at rest, active sites on actin are blocked by

cervical

muscles of the neck and shoulder are innervated by spinal nerves from the _______ region

satellite cells

Which of the following glial cell surrounds cell bodies in the peripheral nervous sytem?

slow

the type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is _______ fiber

makes up thin filaments of striated muscle

tropomyosin- troponin- nebulin-actin

muscle insertion

tendon attachment that moves

calcium

ion that triggers the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft

have many nuclei

why muscle fibers differ from typical cells

tendon

at each end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of the eypimysium, and each perimysium and endomysium come together to form a ______

Rectus

muscle with fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the body are called