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ceramics

...In spin-coating a suspension of ceramic particles is deposited on a rapidly rotating substrate, with centrifugal force distributing the particles evenly over the surface. On the other hand, truly
thin films (that is, films less than one micrometre thick) can be produced by such advanced techniques as physical vapour deposition (PVD) and chemical vapour deposition (CVD). PVD methods include...

optical theories of Newton

In 1675, during a visit to London, Newton thought he heard Hooke accept his theory of colours. He was emboldened to bring forth a second paper, an examination of the colour phenomena in
thin films, which was identical to most of Book Two as it later appeared in the
Opticks. The purpose of the paper was to explain the colours of solid bodies by showing how light can be analyzed into its...

surface coatings

any mixture of film-forming materials plus pigments, solvents, and other additives, which, when applied to a surface and cured or dried, yields a
thin film that is functional and often decorative. Surface coatings include paints, drying oils and varnishes, synthetic clear coatings, and other products whose primary function is to protect the surface of an object from the environment. These...