A car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on an animated conversation with passengers best illustrates the importance of:

parallel processing.

The five-stage sleep cycle provides an example of:

biological rhythms.

Bright light inhibits our feelings of sleepiness by influencing the production of:

melatonin

People who claim to have been abducted by space aliens-often shortly after going to bed-commonly recall being floated off their beds. It is most likely that they have incorporated ________ into their memories.

hypnagogic sensations

The large, slow brain waves associated with Stage 4 sleep are called:

delta waves

Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to:

suppression of the immune system.

Those who complain of insomnia typically _______ how long it actually takes them to fall asleep and ________ how long they actually slept.

overestimate; underestimate

Narcolepsy is associated with a relative absence of a hypothalamic neural center that produces:

The experience of physical pain following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug best illustrates:

withdrawal.

Which of the following psychoactive drugs produces the quickest and most powerful rush of euphoria?

cocaine

Hallucinations similar to those that accompany the near-death experience can be produced by:

oxygen deprivation.

In her research, Professor Kyoto seeks to identify circumstances in which confirmation bias is especially likely to impede effective problem solving. Which specialty area does her research best represent?

cognitive psychology

Arnold had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport because it failed to resemble his ________ of a sport.

prototype

In attempting to find and purchase high-quality cosmetics, Megan reminds herself that the most expensive brands are the best. Megan’s self-reminder illustrates the use of:

a heuristic.

Because he erroneously believes that older workers are not as motivated as younger workers to work hard, a factory foreman is especially vigilant for any signs of laziness among his senior workers. His supervision strategy best illustrates:

functional fixedness.

A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly seeking to take advantage of:

Brutus believes that men enjoy watching professional football and that women are categorically distinct from men. His gender stereotypes are so strong, however, that he mistakenly reasons from these premises the illogical conclusion that women do not enjoy watching professional football. His reasoning difficulty best illustrates:

belief bias.

When her professor failed to recognize that Judy had her hand raised for a question, Judy began to think her professor was unfriendly. Although she subsequently learned that the professor’s limited vision kept him from seeing her raised hand, she continued thinking the professor was unfriendly. Judy’s reaction best illustrates:

belief perseverance.

Pigeons can reliably discriminate pictures of cars from pictures of chairs. This best illustrates their capacity to develop: