Chronic NSAID administration in the anterior cingulate cortex can produce analgesic effects and chronic administration can result in tolerance. The authors also find that the effects of NSAIDs in the brain are mediated by the opioid system.

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BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that considers articles on all aspects of chemically defined therapeutic and toxic agents. The journal welcomes submissions from all fields of experimental and clinical pharmacology including clinical trials.It is journal policy to publish work deemed by peer reviewers to be a coherent and sound addition to scientific knowledge and to put less emphasis on interest levels, provided that the research constitutes a useful contribution to the field.

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BMC Pharmacology

BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology assimilated the Editorial boards and history of BMC Pharmacology and BMC Clinical Pharmacology on fusion of the journals in 2012. The full archive of BMC Pharmacology is available from its own archive website, and the objectives and aspirations of the merged journal are explained in the editorial that accompanied the fusion. The full archive of BMC Clinical Pharmacology is available here.