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BRTS

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CONTENTS1.Definitions2.Evolution of BRTS3.Why BRTS ?4.Features and components BRTS5.Types of BRTS6.Operational and administration aspect of BRTS7.Benefits and challenges8.BRTS across the globe: comparison and rating9.Case study: 1. Success story : Istanbul 2. Success story : Curitiba 3. Learning from Delhi BRT10.Comparison of BRTS and LRT.11.Future of BRTS12.Learnings

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BRTS DEFINATIONLloyd Wright ITDP (2002)“It is a high quality public transport system, oriented to the user that offers fast, comfortable andlow cost urban mobility”Levinson et al. (2003)“BRT flexibly combines stations, vehicles, services, running ways, and intelligent transportationsystem (lTS) elements into an integrated system with a strong brand that evokes a uniqueidentity.”Diaz et al. (2004)“BRT has the potential to provide a higher quality experience than possible with traditional busoperations due to reduced travel and waiting times, increased service reliability and improvedusability”Wright and Hook (2007)“BRTS is a rubber-tired mode of public transport that enables efficient travel”PNUMA (2010)“BRTS is also capable of improving local and global environmental conditions.”

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BRTS HISTORY• In 1972, Jaime Lerner, then Mayor of Curitiba had a brilliant idea to transform the face of his city. He was an Architect and urban planner. At the time Curitiba was a small but rapidly expanding city in the south of Brazil.• His aim was “To develop a plan for the city that could accommodate growth without the sprawl and congestion”• His plan, which would later be replicated throughout the world, called for an above-ground subway system that would use buses instead of rail. Up to this point buses were used in ways that most of us are familiar with.• Bus rapid transit has been so instrumental in Curitiba’s fight against congestion and sprawl, that Curitiba known as “the most innovative cities in the world” and other cities are beginning to take note.• In this way the concept of Bus Rapid Transit System came.

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Why BRTS ????Problems with bus system Benefits of metro system•Slow •Very fast•Unreliable •Regular and frequent•Not always frequent Gap •Travels long distance at filling•Takes the long way less timearound •comfortable•Uncomfortable •High technology•Technologically backward •universal design•No universal design •Very high capacityBRTS tries to solve issues of bus system and incorporates benefits of metro system

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Success Story• “Opening of the Metrobus Corridor on the 1st Day gives Istanbul Traffic Breathing Room”• Travel time reductions of 1 hour or more “Before, people in cars used to look at those of us stuck in busses as 3rd class citizens… Now, as we speed past them, we look at the people in cars stuck in traffic as 3rd class citizens.” 93% people happy & satisfied

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ConclusionThe BRTS provides a faster and cost effective transit solution. The metrobus has also achievedits sustainability aims. The improved ridership and capacity proves that metrobus achieves oneof the highest patronage which in turn proves effective operation of metrobus. Before After

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case study : Curitiba, Brazil When population travel demand increase _•During 1950s and 60s - rapid population growth - Curitiba had one of the highest population growths, 6% / yr.•Master Plan (1966) to meet these demands,which included a consolidated bus transit systemo restructured the city’s radial configuration into a linear model of urban expansiono transportation land use and road systems can be used as integrative tools of development; backbone for development and growth of the cityo direct linear growth by attracting residential and commercial density along a mass transportation laneo The Research and Urban Planning Institute of Curitiba (IPPUC) was created to monitor the implementation and operations of the BRT.

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case study : Curitiba, Brazil• The key concept is the structural axis• Land Use: - The highest levels of residential and commercial development are concentrated in the two blocks at the center of the spine. thus preserving large areas for low-rise residential development in the sectors between axes.• Transportation System: -Road hierarchy (spider web network) -Types of routes: feeder, inter district, and expressExpress buses travel as fast as subway cars, but at one eighth the construction costs

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case study : Curitiba, BrazilFare System• One fare policy: can take you from anywhere within the system (40+ miles worth of travel)• Smart card• Shorter rides subsidize longer ones.• Installed automatic ticket vendors at stops and terminals to decrease dwell time.• The system is entirely financed by these fares and without any subsidies.• A 1990 laws dictates that revenues can only be used to pay for the system. This avoids fare inflation.

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case study : Curitiba, Brazil• Low cost fare, possibility to attract car users.• 80 per cent of travellers use the BRT• The bus fare is the same wherever you go.• No one lives more than 400 metres from a bus stop.• Urban growth is restricted to corridors of growth - along key transport routes. Tall buildings are allowed only along YEAR POPULATION DAILY bus routes. PASSANGER 1960 361,300 143,100• This is cheaper to run than subway 1970 608,400 532,760 system. Some employers subsidized 1980 1,024,975 757,899 their employees who use it. 1990 1,285,571 1,194,688 2000 1,587,315 1,542,041 2010 1,746,896 2,039,769

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MAJOR PROBLEMS OF DELHI BRTS1. Traffic signal cycles were long (4 minutes in the peak hour)2. General traffic lanes experienced long queuing3. Bus queues were longer than the station platform length, with some passengers4. alighting and boarding outside the platforms5. There were bus breakdowns that affected the operation of the bus lanes and the stations6. Pedestrian jaywalking was common7. Some motor vehicles encroached the bus lanes8. Bus occupancy levels were high, specially in the peak period9. Bus operation displayed high variability in intervals and commercial speeds10. Two wheelers encroached the bicycle tracks to jump the motor vehicle queues11. Space for bicycles was reduced to create an additional turning lane for general traffic in Chirag Delhi junction.

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Poor Strategies By DIMTS1. Increasing cycle time: Negative impact to people travelling in buses2. Signal cycle inc. Wait time for all user.3. Longer signal cycles result in longer wait times for pedestrians at the signalized intersections.4. Greatly increase the likelihood of jaywalking.5. Encroaching into the bicycle lane: Negative impacts in safety and performance

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IMPACT OF DELHI BRTS1. average travel time for motorized travel reduced to19%.2. This is the combined effect of a 35% reduction in travel time for bus users.3. 14% increase in travel time for personal motor vehicles users. Buses vehicles are only 2% by mode but carry 55% of people. QUIET AMAZING ???

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CONCLUSIONDelhi BRTS is a success story but portraitas failure story by media1. But recent development has been in support of Delhi BRTS.2. Hence fore, DIMTS has been planning relaunch of Delhi BRTS and including new phases.

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COMPARASION BRT TO RAIL : Bangalore v/s Bogota Bangalore Bogota1.Per capita income Rs. 49,000 1.Per capita income Rs. 1.7 Lakh.2.Population : 77 Lakhs 2.Population : 82 Lakhs3.Area : 1600 sq. km. 3.Area : 740 sq. km. Bangalore is comparable to Bogota in size and population Bogota opted for the BRT. It has proven to be very successful. Even though Bogota’s per capita income is 4 times Bangalore’s, they felt that the Metro was costly for them.

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Learnings1. Since Curitiba BRTS success; BRTS has been popular across the globe & so in India.2. The innovation & technology and success story of Curitiba, Bogota and Istanbul; BRTS is go places where Metro cant go.3. Growing BRTS will lead to increase popularity of public transport system and hence leading to sustainable transport system.4. Also, BRTS, MINI BRTS and other innovation can act as feeder service to other existing modes and hence developing a integrated multi modal transport system.5. Like Bogota BRTS can also help in developing better transport and land use integration and also transit oriented design.