1804 Napolean proclaims himself Emperor
In December 1804 Napolean proclaimed himself Emperor Napolean I in Paris. As the nineteenth century progressed, Napoleon turned
the armies of the French Empire against every major European power and came to be known as ‘the scourge of Europe’.

1806 HRE bites the dust
The Holy Roman Empire was a German empire that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe. It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favor of the princes. In its last centuries, its character became quite close to a union of territories.

1815 Congress of Vienna restructures Europe after Napoleonic Wars
On September 1814, the Congress of Vienna began. The members of the Congress were all afraid of a strong France, so they created strong border states. the Congress of Vienna was a triumph of diplomacy.

1830 July Revolutin removes Bourbons from France and replaces them with Louis Phillippe, Orleans family
Louis Philippe Joseph d'Orléans commonly known as Philippe, was a member of a cadet branch of the House of Bourbon, the ruling dynasty of France. He actively supported the French Revolution but was nonetheless guillotined during the Reign of Terror.

1854-1856: The Crimean War.

The Crimean war, which started in 1884, was caused by the Russians trying to capture the Black sea which was supported by the British, the French, and the Turks. When Turkey refused to let Russia use their port, the Russians sent their troops in and the war began. The war caused the most causalities in Europe between 1812 and 1912; and for nothing. The Black sea was neutralized.

1859: Darwin's Origin of Species:

Charles Darwin wrote the Origin of Species, which was published in 1859, and was considered to be the foundation for evolutionary biology. In this piece, Darwin introduced the idea of natural selection.

1861: Alexander II Frees the Serfs:

Alexander II freed the serfs in Russia because of the Crimean war. He felt that in order for Russia to regain its strength, serfs had to be freed. This did nothing to help the serfs, however, because even though they were freed from being treated cruelly, they had no place to live and no money to buy their own land. 1861

1867: Formation of the Dual Monarchy:

Austria-Hungary was a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, under which the House of Hapsburg agreed to share power with the separate Hungarian government. This agreement divided the territory of the former Austrian Empire between them. The dual monarchy lasted for 51 years, until it was dissolved during the first world war.

1867: The Seven Weeks War:

The Seven Weeks War was between Prussia and Austria. It ended in Prussian victory, which meant the exclusion of Austria from Germany.

1870: Franco-Prussian War; German unification completed. Start of the French Third Republic:

The Franco-Prussian war was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. The Prussian victory brought unification to Germany, and marked the downfall of Napoleon III, which caused the end of the Second French Empire and marked the beginning of the Third French Empire.