A person’s self-concept is made up of an academic self concept (intelligence) physical self-concept (physical attractiveness, athleticism) and social self-concept (popularity).

What is self-esteem?

Self-esteem is a person’s emotional reaction to or evaluation of the self.

What are some ways to reduce social comparison?

Grading and Evaluation

Grouping

Tasks

What is moral development?

acquiring a sense of right and wrong and pro-social skills such as honesty, empathy, responsibility, and integrity.

Who are some important theorists in moral development?

Jean Piaget, Lawrence Kohlberg, Carol Gilligan, and Thomas Lickona

What is Piaget’s view of moral development?

Stage 1 - External morality or moral realism stage (up to age 10) (Rules are absolute and cannot be changed, Consequences more important than intentions, Reflects concrete nature of children’s thinking abilities.)

Stage 2 - Autonomous morality or morality of cooperation (10 years and above) (Rules can be changed for common good, Intentions more important than consequences, Fairness and justice are concepts used to make moral decisions, Children begin to be responsible and regulate their own moral behavior, Reflects abstract, logical characteristics of children’s thinking.)

What is Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development?

Moral reasoning is a reflection of and is determined by level of cognitive ability and his stages of moral development correspond to Piaget’s stages of cognitive development- used moral dilimmas without a right or wrong answer to measure moral reasoning.

What are Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development?

Pre-conventional level

Conventional level

Post-conventional level

What are some criticisms of Kohlberg’s theory?

Young children can often reason about moral situations in more sophisticated ways than a stage theory would suggest.

Kohlberg’s theory is based on research with male subjects (Gilligan’s theory).

There can be differences between moral reasoning and moral behavior (lying, cheating, stealing, bullying).

What is Gilligan’s view of moral development?

Moral development in females different than in males.

Females are socialized to take care of others and moral development in females is based on compassion and caring for those in need.