Particle - が - Subject - subject-marking particle

The particle が is used to mark a subject in a sentence. The particle is very similar to the particle は (Topic marker) which makes it troublesome for people learning Japanese. The difference is usually in the emphasis: 猫が歩きます (The cat is walking) vs 猫は歩きます (The cat is walking). The particle is always used instead of は to mark the answer when answering questions.

Note that the subject with this particle needs to be well-defined. This means that you cannot use the particle や in the subject.

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