I did a apt-get update but I did not get a higher version than stable OpenSSL 1.1.0f 25 May 2017

The latest is openssl-1.0.2n though not stable, when it comes to encryption, I don't like to wait until things become stable.I have the option of downloading the tar.gz from herehttps://www.openssl.org/source/ and then extract it and run it, but I hate doing this.This is because when you extract the openssl tarball, it extracts to my ~/Downloads and when I set it up, it looks for files there. I want openssl where it should be installed.

You also need to learn what the difference is between source code and compiled machine binaries is. You got source code, which is just a bunch of text files. It needs to be compiled into an executable program.

If you really want shiny new ̶s̶h̶i̶ stuff on Debian stable, the proper way of doing it is either checking if it's in the backports repository, some other trusted backports repository, or to backport it yourself on your own machine, or in the cloud like on the openSUSE Build Service.