Eavesdrop on a conversation about what's next for one suburban Chicago school district, and you might think the superintendent wants the students to take over. In a way, he does. District 181 superintendent James Tenbusch has a plan to cultivate student creativity and independent thought, starting with how they use the Web.

In August, students at Hinsdale Middle School, in Hinsdale, Illinois, will train to become Web researchers: They'll learn how to unearth scholarly materials from the Internet, search for opposing points of view, and take control of their own education. Tenbusch believes that this part of the school district's pilot program in one-to-one computing is essential for today's students.

Students, more than just typing keywords into Google, learn how to come to an answer independently, using their own ideas about the lesson, subject, or debate at hand. According to Tenbusch, schools teach kids how to read, write, and add, but they generally don't teach them how to speculate, hypothesize, and free associate.

Seek and Find

"When you rely on textbooks, what you're actually doing is taking someone else's opinion for granted instead of developing your own," Tenbusch notes. "There is no reason, even beginning in third and fourth grade, that you can't have kids seek out and find scholarly works, newspaper accounts, or original documentation for any point in history or for any scientific study."

For instance, if students in a science class are wondering why Pluto is no longer considered a planet, the teacher can turn to that day's Web researcher for the answer. The student would then use his or her Internet-sleuthing skills to dig up information, such as a copy of the resolution from the International Astronomical Union about Pluto's new designation.

It's a job that lets students in on the education process, giving them the tools to find information on their own. It also teaches them how to truly use the Web. "Many children who use the Web every day don't have a clue how it works," says Alan November, who gives workshops on education technology. He says many students don't know how to discern a legitimate source of information from a site that's unreliable, or how to search for primary sources and material. "Like reading and writing, Web literacy ought to be embedded in every discipline," adds November. This approach, he believes, will lead to more engaging and global assignments.

Get Started

November believes students should act as Web researchers in every class in the country. If there's an Internet-connected computer in the classroom, students can do this, he says. Here are some ways to get going:

Create the researcher role as a student assignment. Tenbusch says the role should change daily so everyone gets a chance to do it. He adds, "In class, you let the researchers freewheel. They pay attention to the degree that they need to." Their research could expand on the conversation, or it could be an assignment given at the beginning of the lesson. Some teachers may want to have students come to class prepared with supplemental sources.

Show students different search engines. November likens the reliance on just one search engine to using the dictionary without knowing there's a thesaurus.

Build a search engine for your classroom. On the Google Custom Search Engine page, teachers can set up a search engine to fit their particular class needs. You can invite anyone, including teachers, parents, students, and community members, to help build it, and you can allow students to add to it at any time. For a sample, see Mrs. Gray's Research Sites for Kids. This search engine aims to aid searches on global warming and the environment by searching seventeen relevant sites.

Conjunction Junction

It's also important to teach students about the basics of Internet research. Students need to learn how to be specific with search terms as well as how to use and, or, and not -- collectively called Boolean operators -- to limit and expand searches. In addition, students should understand how to use quotation marks, asterisks, and synonyms. A Martha's Vineyard Regional High School Library page on search engines offers links to different search sites and a page on search strategies.

Tenbusch and November both say a key to conducting good Internet research is the ability to find a variety of sources. Students should have diversity as a main goal when they look for resources. For instance, a search for information on the American Revolution could include primary-source documents that offer the British point of view. According to Tenbusch, we shouldn't use the Web just to reinforce preexisting ideas about topics.

The researcher role lends itself well to social studies, science, and the language arts -- just about any class for which a more complete understanding of a topic is needed. "These are not Google jockeys. They are digital librarians," Tenbusch explains. "The teacher stops being the only educator in the room. You end up with a true collaborative learning environment."

Alexandra R. Moses is a freelance writer in the Washington, DC, area who specializes in education issues.

Kid-Friendly Searching: Sites for Young Eyes

For a list of kid-friendly search engines specific to education needs, education technology specialist Alan November recommends the Web site TekMom, which has links to, and brief descriptions of, sites for school use. Some of the sites TekMom endorses include Ask for Kids, Education World, and The Why Files. November also recommends Answers.com and Yahoo Kids.

For a sample classroom search engine, see Mrs. Gray's Research Sites for Kids, which aims to aid searches on global warming and the environment by searching seventeen relevant sites. The page lists the search engine's contributors, too, so users can see who suggested the sites.

This article summarizes what I have been thinking about over the past few years. Students need to be taught the foundations of how to begin a search, to take their idea or thought in their mind and find out more about it; and how to do the search safely. You provide many resources in your article and food for thought. I will bring this information to our technology supervisor and ask that we begin the move in the right direction so that students can become Web researchers.

I did this when I was a 4th grade classroom teacher. The kids loved the opportunity to use the computers and learned a lot about reliable and unreliable information as well as how current (or not so current) the information in their textbooks was. It allowed us to explore in depth ideas that captured their interest and reinforced the concept that one book is not the only place to find information. It is very important that kids be taught that everything they find on the internet is not fact and that textbooks and teachers are not their only source of information!!
Now that I am the Technology teacher I do a lesson with the 4th and 5th graders about false information on the internet. It is a real eye opener for them!
I like the resources that you included and will be using them in my lab this year! Hopefully after I share the article with our teachers, some of them will use this idea in their classrooms.

As a middle school librarian and former elementary school librarian I can assure you that school librarians throughout the country have been and are teaching the skills and knowledge mentioned in this article. For well over 15 years school library programs have been reorganized to provide teacher/librarian collaborations as a way to make sure students understand all aspects of the technology they are using for information.

What I appreciated with this article was that a school superintendent realizes the importance of students understanding how to use and evaluate Web-based information - realizing it enough to make it a priority.

Librarians, technology teachers and classroom teachers need to share their knowledge and work together to offer multiple and incremental ways for K-12 students to acquire this knowledge and these skills.

As a teacher I ask my students to research for projects but never have I showed them how to research. I need to remember that some students are not familiar with researching topics on the internet. Most of my fifth graders have learned how to pick through links to avoid advertisements and websites that are not helpful. Once in a while I find a student wasting a lot of time on the computer and need to help them how to choose websites fro the list of a search engine. I think next year, I will start the year off with teaching these skills. I will also start my own search engine on topics that I know I will cover the following year to save my students time.