2003:Q:
What is the Hero
Clubhouse? (Max from Glendale)A:
The Hero Clubhouse is the Official Online
Newsletter of the IMA Hero Collection. Your
membership in the Hero Clubhouse is FREE
and VOLUNTARY. As a member, you will receive
Newsletters, Quick Notes, and "Find Outs" written
exclusively of its members, by its members, and
for its members. Join Today
and receive a 25% OFF Coupon!>>Join
the Hero Clubhouse Today!>>Meet
the Hero Clubhouse Founding Members

September,
2003:Q:
Why is Galileo
going to crash into Jupiter in 2003?A:
On October 18, 1989, Galileo was launched from the
cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Atlantis. On December
7, 1995, Galileo entered the orbit of Jupiter, the
largest planet in our solar system. It flew its
prime mission for two years, ending in 1997. Galileo
was capable of gathering more information, and NASA
extended Galileo's mission three times.Now, the onboard supply
of propellant is almost gone. The propellant is
needed to keep the antenna pointed towards Earth.
Without the propellant and the antenna, NASA could
not control the trajectory or the spacecraft.Therefore, NASA will intentionally
put Galileo on a course to plunge into Jupiter's
atmosphere on September 21, 2003. One of the reasons
for this is so Galileo will not impact Europa because
NASA wants to study Europa in the future without
any disruption from Galileo.>>Read
about Galileo Galilei>>Read
about the times in which Galileo lived>>Browse
our Galileo's Books>>View Photos
of Galileo

July,
2003:Q:
On a statue of
a war hero, does the position of the horse's legs
tell the fate of the war hero during the battle?A:
It is our understanding the position of the horse's
legs on a battlefield monument of a horse and rider
usually depicts the fate of the rider during the
battle.
If all four of the horse's legs are on the
ground, the rider participated in the battle, and
the rider was neither killed nor wounded during
the battle.
If only three of the horse's legs are on
the ground (and one of the legs is in the air),
then the rider was wounded during the battle.
If only two of the horse's legs are on the
ground (and two of the legs are in the air), then
the rider was killed or mortally wounded during
the battle.In describing the above
positions, we mentioned it "usually" depicts the
fate of the rider during the battle. We used the
word "usually" because this tends to be the protocol
in designing monuments. However, we have not been
advised that is it mandatory of the designer to
create the monument in this manner.This is a photograph
of Robert E. Lee and Traveller on Seminary Ridge
at Gettysburg. All four of Traveller's legs are
on the ground which indicates Lee was neither killed
nor wounded during the battle. Did
you know Lee witnessed Pickett's Charge
on July 3, 1863, from the location of this statue?>>The
Papa Tour stops at Gettysburg>>Read
about the Civil War>>If
You Lived at the Time of the Civil War

April,
2003:Q:
What is the difference
between the Compromise of 1820 and the Compromise
of 1850? (Brandon P.)A: The Compromise of 1820 admitted Missouri
into the Union as a slave state. It also stated
slavery would not be allowed in any state formed
north of Missouri's southern border.When the Compromise
of 1820 was passed, the existing territories of
the U.S. were either above or below this arbitrary
line. This lasted until 1848. In 1848, the United
States won the Mexican War and gained new territories
in the west. One of these territories was California.In 1850, California
asked to join the Union. The Compromise of 1820
could not settle the issue of slavery in California
because California extended across the arbitrary
line marking the southern border of Missouri. The
Compromise of 1850 tried to settle this dispute.The Compromise of
1850 admitted California into the Union as a
free state, and it stated the other territories
recently annexed from Mexico (as a result of the
Mexican War) would choose for themselves whether
to be a free state or a slave state.>>Read
about the Compromise of 1820>>Read
about the Compromise of 1850>>Read
about the Civil War in our Reading Program

March,
2003:Q:
Who was Cesar
Chavez?A:
Cesar Estrada Chavez was one of the greatest labor
leaders in the United States. He fought for a better
life for migrant farm workers. In 1962, he founded
the first successful farm workers' union. It was
called the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA).
He led strikes and boycotts, and he fasted to gain
support for his causes.Here is a Cesar
Chavez Timeline:March 31, 1927:
Cesar was born on a small farm near Yuma, Arizona.
He was a second generation American.1938: Cesar's
father lost his farm. The Chavez family moved to
California, and became migrant farm workers. This
meant they moved around and picked different foods
depending on the season.1942: Cesar
graduated from the eighth grade and worked in the
fields full-time. He realized the owners and contractors
exploited migrant farm workers.1944-1945: Cesar
joined the United States Navy and fought in the
Western Pacific during World War II. After the war,
he returned to California, and continued working
as a migrant farm worker.1947: Cesar
joined the National Agricultural Workers Union.1948: Cesar
married Helen Fabela.1952: Cesar
and his family moved to East San Jose, California,
and settled in the barrio of Sal Si Puedes ("Get
Out If You Can"). He began working for the Community
Service Organization (CSO). He organized farm workers
to vote and became the National Director. This was
Cesar's first regular paying job.1962: Cesar
resigned his position with CSO to focus on helping
migrant farm workers. He founded the National Farm
Workers Association (NFWA). Cesar traveled to dozens
of farm communities in California to build his base
of dedicated farm workers. Cesar and the NFWA used
non-violent means (strikes, boycotts, and fasting)
to accomplish their goals.September, 1965:
the NFWA joined a strike started by the Agricultural
Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC). They demanded
higher wages for migrant workers from the grape
growers. "Huelga" means strike in Spanish. The strike
lasted five years, and the grape growers agreed
to sign contracts. Farm workers were given higher
pay, family health coverage, pension benefits, and
other contract protections. This was the largest
strike in the history of U.S. labor.April 23, 1993:
Cesar Chavez died in San Luis, Arizona. He was
66 years old.August 8, 1994:
Cesar posthumously received the Presidential Medal
of Freedom. It is the highest civilian honor in
the United States.September 2, 1994:
the Cesar Chavez Holiday bill was passed in California.
March 31 is designated as Cesar Chavez Day. It is
a state holiday to promote service to the communities
of California in honor of Cesar's life and work.>>Read about
Cesar Chavez>>Browse
our Cesar Chavez's Books>>View
Photos of Cesar Chavez>>Visit
Cesar Chavez Links