Sample records for islands puerto rico from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This thesis describes the development of a landslide hazard map for the island of PuertoRico through the use of Graphical Information System (GIS) tools. Parameters considered in this study are elevation, slope aspect, ...

The PuertoRico/US Virgin Island atlas assimilates three collections of wind resource data: one for the region as a whole and one each for both the Commonwealth of PuertoRico and the US Virgin Islands. For the two subregions, features of the climate, topography and wind resource are discussed in greater detail than is provided in the regional discussion, and the data locations on which the assessment is based are mapped. Variations, over several time scales, in the wind resource at selected stations in both subregions are shown on graphs of monthly average and interannual wind speed and power, and hourly average wind speed for each season. Other graphs present speed, direction and duration frequencies of the wind at these locations.

The ability of a mesoscale atmospheric model to reproduce the spatial distribution of the precipitation of the Caribbean island of PuertoRico during an early rainfall season month (April) is evaluated in this paper, taking the month of April ...

This bibliography is the product of a literature survey on marine mammals at a proposed OTEC site near Punta Tuna, PuertoRico. Included are reports of mammal sightings and strandings from PuertoRico and adjacent Caribbean islands, reports containing information on distribution and abundance migration routes, and feeding ecology of those species known from the area. A few works on the general biology of marine mammals are also included. 96 references.

Using results from a factor analysis regionalization of nontropical storm convective rainfall over the island of PuertoRico, a statistical methodology is investigated for its potential to forecast rain events over limited areas. Island ...

This study uses nested logit to estimate the influence of industrial incentives on the location of manufacturing plants in PuertoRico. Puerto Rican laws grant generous tax exemptions and provide other incentives for investments in less-developed, peripheral regions of the island. Focusing on PuertoRico allowed us to isolate and test location factors in a closed environment where 76 municipalities received a development zone designation and competed directly against one another for new plants. Simulations indicated that the regional incentive policy reallocated relatively few of the greenfield investments from the congested core to the periphery of the island. Regional Incentives and Industrial Location in PuertoRico 1.

Sample records for islands puerto rico from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in accordance with the RE-Powering America's Land initiative, selected the Commonwealth of PuertoRico for a feasibility study of m0treAlables on several brownfield sites. The EPA defines a brownfield as 'a property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant.' All of the brownfields in this study are landfill sites. Citizens of PuertoRico, city planners, and site managers are interested in redevelopment uses for landfills in PuertoRico, which are particularly well suited for solar photovoltaic (PV) installation. The purpose of this report is to assess the landfills with the highest potential for possible solar PV installation and estimate cost, performance, and site impacts of three different PV options: crystalline silicon (fixed-tilt), crystalline silicon (single-axis tracking), and thin film (fixed-tilt). Each option represents a standalone system that can be sized to use an entire available site area. In addition, the report outlines financing options that could assist in the implementation of a system. The feasibility of PV systems installed on landfills is highly impacted by the available area for an array, solar resource, operating status, landfill cap status, distance to transmission lines, and distance to major roads. All of the landfills in PuertoRico were screened according to these criteria in order to determine the sites with the greatest potential. Eight landfills were chosen for site visits based on the screening criteria and location. Because of time constraints and the fact that PuertoRico is a relatively large island, the eight landfills for this visit were all located in the eastern half of the island. The findings from this report can be applied to landfills in the western half of the island. The economics of a potential PV system on landfills in PuertoRico depend greatly on the cost of electricity. Currently, PREPA has an average electric rate of $0.119/kWh. Based on past electric rate increases in PuertoRico and other islands in the Caribbean, this rate could increase to $0.15/kWh or higher in a relatively short amount of time. In the coming years, increasing electrical rates and increased necessity for clean power will continue to improve the feasibility of implementing solar PV systems at these sites.

The PuertoRico Office of Energy initiated a Wind Energy Resource Assessment Project in September 1982 to gather reliable, quantitative data on the wind resource of PuertoRico for making decisions on the deployment of single, small wind energy conversion systems throughout the Island and on the viability of installing wind turbine clusters and windfarms interconnected with the PuertoRico Electric Power Authority grid. The project consists of four main activities: the collection and analysis of existing wind energy data for the Island, the installation and monitoring of five wind measurement stations, the development of a software model to incorporate and analyze these wind measurement data, simulate wind turbine performance, and assess the cost-benefit of conceptual wind energy conversion systems, and the completion of studies to identify institutional factors and industry financial incentives that would affect the deployment of wind energy conversion systems in PuertoRico. The Wind Energy System Performance Model consists of three separate models; the Wind Resource Assessment Model, the Wind Turbine Performance Model and the Wind System Cost Model. The turbine performance model and the system cost model are interactive so that data such as turbine output power and a load demand profile can be passed between them to facilitate sensitivity studies. All the individual models are user-friendly to allow easy parameter input. They can be run separately or in sequence.

team of Universidad de PuertoRico is planning to present team of Universidad de PuertoRico is planning to present the most interesting tour in Washington. The purpose and the message of the competition, the pride that the team has for their work, their house and their country are the elements that will be combined in order to give all the visitors an amazing and unique experience. The team will communicate through the tours the importance of renewable energy. The Delegation from PuertoRico is going to show and explain their design in a accurate way, all the features and its benefits. The house tours will serve as a tool to persuade the people to believe in team's mission: To create societal consciousness about the sun as a technological, renewable, clean and feasible source of energy to satisfy present and

Universidad de PuertoRico Universidad de PuertoRico Solar Decathlon 2005 Web Development Team (WDT) developed an informational website about the endeavors of our project. The starting point of our design was the evaluation of our audience and the establishment of the objectives to be achieved using the media. We are targeting a general public, who would like to know more about energy alternative that are clean, abundant, reliable and affordable. The website serves as an internal and external communication tool and an alternative media to enforce our brand image. Spanish is our native language, but we decide to initially design the website in English for two reasons: many PuertoRicans can read in English and we want to target our audience in the United States. One of the main attractions of our

Portico of the Mayaguez Campus Portico of the Mayaguez Campus Research Office of Research & Technology Research Centers & Facilities UPR Research Statistics Researchers PDF DOE UPR Research Grants DOE UPR Research Records UPR Directory of Inventors Renewable Energy Projects Carribean Affordable Solar House, ScienceCinema UPR MayagÃ¼ez High Energy Physics Group The High Energy Physics Group is currently working in the experiment Compact Muon Solenoid at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN near Geneva, Switzerland. The group is funded by the U.S. DOE Office of Science. Search this site: Search The University of PuertoRico has the largest and most diverse academic offerings in PuertoRico and the Caribbean Resources About UPR Campuses Administration Academic Offerings International Programs

II Incentive Program (Puerto II Incentive Program (PuertoRico) PuertoRico - Green Energy Fund Tier II Incentive Program (PuertoRico) < Back Eligibility Commercial Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit State Government Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Wind Program Info Funding Source PuertoRico Green Energy Fund Start Date 07/01/2011 Expiration Date 06/30/2020 Program Type State Grant Program Rebate Amount Up to 50% of eligible costs Provider PuertoRico Energy Affairs Administration Note: There is one application period per quarter. Applications must be submitted by the fifth day of each quarter (July 5, October 5, January 5, and April 5). With funding from PuertoRico's Green Energy Fund, Tier II competitive grants are available for photovoltaic (PV) and wind systems over 100

Sample records for islands puerto rico from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Tapping Solar for Hot Water and Cheaper Bills for PuertoRico Tapping Solar for Hot Water and Cheaper Bills for PuertoRico Tapping Solar for Hot Water and Cheaper Bills for PuertoRico November 3, 2010 - 10:00am Addthis Stephen Graff Former Writer & editor for Energy Empowers, EERE What does this mean for me? 150 new jobs. 1200 solar water heaters installed. In PuertoRico, solar water heaters have been popular for decades. But even with energy savings, not everyone can afford one. Through a new Recovery Act-funded program for the island, more families are showering with water heated by the sun. The U.S. Department of Energy's new Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) in PuertoRico has made it a priority to install the systems in homes of income-eligible residents, as part of its weatherization assistance services. The PuertoRico Energy Affairs Administration (PREAA), which

The PuertoRico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) installed a battery energy storage system in 1994 at a substation near San Juan, PuertoRico. It was patterned after two other large energy storage systems operated by electric utilities in California and Germany. The PuertoRico facility is presently the largest operating battery storage system in the world and has successfully provided frequency control, voltage regulation, and spinning reseme to the Caribbean island. The system further proved its usefulness to the PREPA network in the fall of 1998 in the aftermath of Hurricane Georges. However, the facility has suffered accelerated cell failures in the past year and PREPA is committed to restoring the plant to full capacity. This represents the first repowering of a large utility battery facility. PREPA and its vendors and contractors learned many valuable lessons during all phases of project development and operation, which are summarized in this paper.

PuertoRico, an island in the Caribbean, has long sought to develop a high-tech economy and has struggled in the process. Two initiatives, PuertoRico TechnoEconomic Corridor (PRTEC) and the Eastern Central Technological ...

The authors analyzed climate data, seasonal averages of precipitation, and maximum, mean, and minimum temperatures over the years 1960–90, from 18 stations spread around the island of PuertoRico in the Caribbean, to determine whether these ...

of time. Monthly average daily solar irradiation for MayagÃ¼ez PuertoRico, the site of the OTG test bed- est energy density realistic generator, solar photovoltaic panels [5]. By combining a suitably large solar panel with an energy storage device (battery) and operating the radar system accord- ing to a set

of time. Monthly average daily solar irradiation for MayagÃ¼ez PuertoRico, the site of the OTG test bed- est energy density realistic generator, solar photovoltaic panels [5]. By combining a suitably large solar panel with an energy storage device (battery) and operating the radar system accord- ing to a set

Observations at the San Juan, PuertoRico international airport show that the annual mean temperature has increased by about 2.1°C (3.8°F) from 1956 to 1983. The chief contributors to the increase are an increase in daily minimum temperature from ...

Sea-level oscillations at supertidal frequency with amplitudes of the order of the mean tidal range have been reported from the Caribbean coast of PuertoRico. Analysis of a 10-year time series of digital tide data from Magueyes Island, Puerto ...

Sample records for islands puerto rico from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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PuertoRicoPuertoRico Last updated on 2012-08-21 Current News The adoption date of the IECC 2009 began on January 1st, 2011; however, the effective date of this code will be transitory. Effective dates begin March 1, 2013 and continue through March 1, 2016. Commercial Residential Code Change Current Code None Statewide Amendments / Additional State Code Information The adoption date of the IECC 2009 began on January 1st, 2011; however, the effective date of this code will be transitory. Effective dates begin March 1, 2013 and continue through March 1, 2016. Approved Compliance Tools Can use COMcheck Approximate Energy Efficiency Equivalent to 2009 IECC Adoption Date 02/24/2011 Code Enforcement Mandatory DOE Determination ASHRAE 90.1-2007: No ASHRAE 90.1-2010: No Current Code None Statewide

Cell House on display at the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2007 competition on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Cell House on display at the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2007 competition on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. Enlarge image The Universidad de PuertoRico team boosted Cell House's energy efficiency with louvered screens and insulated translucent siding. (Credit: Jim Tetro/U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon) Who: Universidad de PuertoRico What: Cell House Where: Universidad de PuertoRico RÃ­o Piedras Campus San Juan, PuertoRico 00931-1909 Map This House Public tours: Contact the university at 787-764-0000 for tour information. Solar Decathlon 2007 Universidad de PuertoRico: Magnifying an Idea After competing in the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2007, the Universidad de PuertoRico's Cell House traveled on a 72-foot trailer to

The PuertoRico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) installed a distributed battery energy storage system in 1994 at a substation near San Juan, PuertoRico. It was patterned after two other large energy storage systems operated by electric utilities in California and Germany. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Storage Systems Program at Sandia National Laboratories has followed the progress of all stages of the project since its inception. It directly supported the critical battery room cooling system design by conducting laboratory thermal testing of a scale model of the battery under simulated operating conditions. The PuertoRico facility is at present the largest operating battery storage system in the world and is successfully providing frequency control, voltage regulation, and spinning reserve to the Caribbean island. The system further proved its usefulness to the PREPA network in the fall of 1998 in the aftermath of Hurricane Georges. The owner-operator, PREPA, and the architect/engineer, vendors, and contractors learned many valuable lessons during all phases of project development and operation. In documenting these lessons, this report will help PREPA and other utilities in planning to build large energy storage systems.

On Dec. 15, 1997, Enron International and Kenetech Energy Services achieved financial close on the $670 million EcoElectrica liquefied natural gas terminal and cogeneration project proposed for PuertoRico. The project involves construction of a liquefied natural gas terminal, cogeneration plant, and desalination unit on the southern coast of PuertoRico, in the Penuelas/Guayanilla area. EcoElectrica will include a 500-mw, combined-cycle cogeneration power plant fueled mainly by LNG imported from the 400 MMcfd Atlantic LNG project on the island of Trinidad. Achieving financial close on a project of this size is always a time-consuming matter and one with a number of challenges. These challenges were increased by the unique nature of both the project and its financing--no project financing had ever before been completed that combined an LNG terminal and power plant. The paper discusses the project, financing details and challenges, key investment considerations, and integrated project prospects.

States], Guam, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Commonwealth of PuertoRico, and as may be determined by the Secretary [of Commerce], such other possessions and areas over which the United States exercises jurisdiction, control, or sovereignty. Inclusion of other areas …shall be subject to the concurrence of the Secretary of State. ” Accordingly, for the 1990 census, the Bureau of the Census enumerated and tabulated data for the following entities, and treated each as the statistical equivalent of a State for consistency in its data presentations and tabulations: • American Samoa • Guam

Wind Power Resource Assessment in Ohio and PuertoRico: A Motivational and Educational Tool Juan University, Athens, Ohio Abstract This paper presents an educational guide and example of a wind resource calculations. New data representing wind speed and direction for locations in Ohio and PuertoRico

PuertoRico - Solar and Wind Contractor Certification PuertoRico - Solar and Wind Contractor Certification PuertoRico - Solar and Wind Contractor Certification < Back Eligibility Installer/Contractor Savings Category Solar Buying & Making Electricity Wind Program Info Program Type Solar/Wind Contractor Licensing Provider Energy Affairs Administration In October 2008, the Energy Affairs Administration (EAA) of PuertoRico adopted regulations for the certification of photovoltaic (PV) systems and installers in response to the passing of Act No. 248, which required that PV systems be certified and installed by certified installers in order to be eligible for the newly established tax credits (that have since been repealed). With the passing of this regulation, only certified installers may install photovoltaic (PV) systems in PuertoRico. In January 2010,

Sample records for islands puerto rico from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The utilization of labor in PuertoRico is a continuing problem. Researchers have focused their attention on the unemployed but not on the quality of employment. The Labor Utilization Framework (LUF) used in this study examines underemployment in terms of five categories: unemployed, subemployed, involuntary part-time underemployment, low-income underemployment (the working poor), those underemployed due to mismatch (workers who have higher levels of education than required by their jobs), and adequately employed (worker who do not belong to any of the remaining categories). This study examines the quality of jobs available and held by the Puerto Rican population and attempts to determine the factors affecting the utilization of the Puerto Rican labor force. It compares results for Puerto Ricans in PuertoRico to those for Puerto Ricans and other Hispanics in the United States in order to identify the importance of factors unique to the structure of the labor force in PuertoRico. It was hypothesized that education, occupation, industry, presence of children, age, marital status, sex and disability, would affect the likelihood of being adequately employed and that industrial and occupational structure differences between PuertoRico and the United States will disadvantage Puerto Ricans in PuertoRico more than the other population groups in the United States. The data used for this study are taken from three different sources: the Public Use Samples of the 1980 U.S. Census of Population and Housing (PUMS), the Current Population Survey of March of 1980, and "Encuesta del Trabajador" (ET). The methodological techniques used includea standardization of percent distribution and logistic regression. The findings generally support the hypotheses. Marginal workers are less likely to be adequately employed than workers who do not possess such characteristics. The results of this study are important not only for Puerto Ricans, but also for other minority group members in the United States. Major implications and limitations of the results are discussed.

Forest Science 46(4) 2000 521 Emergy Evaluation of Reforestation Alternatives in PuertoRico Howard ways of reforesting degraded lands in PuertoRico were evaluated using emergy (spelled with an "m for six scenarios for reforestation of degraded land in PuertoRico: (1) the natural succession within

twenty-three hydro-climate variables, available to the public on a daily basis (http://pragwater.com/goes-puerto-rico-water-and-energyAN OPERATIONAL WATER AND ENERGY BALANCE ALGORITHM FOR PUERTORICO Eric Harmsen Department.com In this study an operational water and energy balance algorithm for PuertoRico (GOES- PRWEB) was developed

A satellite-tracked surface drifter was released October 1980 off the north coast of PuertoRico and was observed for four months in the subtropical North Atlantic and for two months in the Caribbean. Although the drifter ranged as far north as ...

In the last thirty years, a large number of studies have researched the destination image that visitors, travel industry representatives, students, and general consumers have of tourist destinations. However, few studies have analyzed the perceptions that local residents have of their own countries as tourist destinations. Local residents can provide valuable information about their countries as tourism destinations and can help tourism marketers determine how to represent local culture in more authentic and sustainable ways. Local residents can also provide valuable information about how to improve tourism development based on their experiences living in the area. Residents can further provide information and services to visitors and are themselves an integral part of tourism at a destination.
This study focused on understanding how destination marketing portrays the people and places of a destination and how residents perceive the visuals used in destination marketing and promotion. Using a visual qualitative approach, the study analyzed the images of recent promotional campaigns employed by the PuertoRico Tourism Company. The study then interviewed Puerto Rican residents regarding their attitudes toward tourism development in general and toward the specific imagery used in the campaigns. Overall, residents had rather positive opinions of tourism in PuertoRico. They also had largely positive attitudes toward the visual imagery used to market the destination. However, they felt the portrayal was incomplete and did not reflect the modern way of Puerto Rican daily life.

Sample records for islands puerto rico from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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prefer more easterly sites on PuertoRico and Hispaniola. Scientists have now determined that the birds migrated to PuertoRico and Hispaniola. The researchers suggest that the information, and future data. The craft, the High Energy Solar Spectro scopic Imager, was placed in Earth orbit last week aboard a Pegasus

of PuertoRico, MayagÂ¨uez, PuertoRico 00680; U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D.C. 20375 there is no solar insolation the C2 n energy is distributed in the lowest frequencies. The dis- continuous data used in this study was collected dur- ing 2006 at the University of PuertoRico, MayagÂ¨uez Campus

environments. r 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Waste-to-energy facilities; PuertoRico to identify the role WTE can play in PuertoRico's current solid waste and energy challenges, as well of the EQB (Fiddler Gonzalez and Rodriguez, 1998). 2.1.1. Energy production in PuertoRico According

Energy prices in PuertoRico are increasing constantly, making evident the need for alternative energy sources. Several methods to produce power have been developed as alternatives to burning petroleum, such as solar energy ...

A technique is presented in which satellite solar insolation estimates are used to predict daily reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using the Penman-Monteith (PM), Preistly-Taylor (PT) and Hargreaves-Samini (HS) methods for PuertoRico. For ...

The midsummer boundary layer (BL) circulation and afternoon thunderstorm convection on the lee side of PuertoRico is studied using observations and high-resolution models. Satellite infrared data help to identify cases on 5 and 14 June 2010 when ...

The old alluvium underlying much of metropolitan San Juan was formed in early Pleistocene and has undergone substantial post-depositional weathering in the tropical climate of PuertoRico, resulting in a special combination ...

Using a process denoted here as the empirical mode decomposition and the Hilbert spectral analysis, the ages of the seiches on the Caribbean coast of PuertoRico are determined from their dispersion characteristics with respect to time. The ages ...

The PuertoRico State Briefing Book is one of a series of state briefing books on low-level radioactive waste management practices. It has been prepared to assist state and federal agency officials in planning for safe low-level radioactive waste disposal. The report contains a profile of low-level radioactive waste generators in PuertoRico. The profile is the result of a survey of NRC licensees in PuertoRico. The briefing book also contains a comprehensive assessment of low-level radioactive waste management issues and concerns as defined by all major interested parties including industry, government, the media, and interest groups. The assessment was developed through personal communications with representatives of interested parties, and through a review of media sources. Lastly, the briefing book provides demographic and socioeconomic data and a discussion of relevant government agencies and activities, all of which may impact waste management practices in PuertoRico.

A new algorithm is proposed to predict the level of rainfall (above normal, normal, and below normal) in PuertoRico that relies on probability and empirical models. The algorithm includes a theoretical probability model in which parameters are ...

Sample records for islands puerto rico from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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PuertoRico Regions PuertoRico Regions National Science BowlÂ® (NSB) NSB Home About High School High School Students High School Coaches High School Regionals High School Rules, Forms, and Resources Middle School Attending National Event Volunteers 2013 Competition Results News Media WDTS Home Contact Information National Science BowlÂ® U.S. Department of Energy SC-27/ Forrestal Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: 202-586-6702 E: National.Science.Bowl@science.doe.gov High School Regionals PuertoRico Regions Print Text Size: A A A RSS Feeds FeedbackShare Page PuertoRico Coaches can review the high school regional locations listed below. Please note: Registrations are based on the location of your school. Please be sure to select the regional that is designated for your

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) proposes to consent to a proposal by the PuertoRico Electric Power Authority (PREPA) to allow public access to the Boiling Nuclear Superheat (BONUS) reactor building located near Rincon, PuertoRico for use as a museum. PREPA, the owner of the BONUS facility, has determined that the historical significance of this facility, as one of only two reactors of this design ever constructed in the world, warrants preservation in a museum, and that this museum would provide economic benefits to the local community through increased tourism. Therefore, PREPA is proposing development of the BONUS facility as a museum.

Previous studies on the influence of weather on Aedes aegypti dynamics in PuertoRico suggested that rainfall was a significant driver of immature mosquito populations and dengue incidence, but mostly in the drier areas of the island. We conducted a longitudinal study of Ae. aegypti in two neighborhoods of the metropolitan area of San Juan city, PuertoRico where rainfall is more uniformly distributed throughout the year. We assessed the impacts of rainfall, temperature, and human activities on the temporal dynamics of adult Ae. aegypti and oviposition. Changes in adult mosquitoes were monitored with BG-Sentinel traps and oviposition activity with CDC enhanced ovitraps. Pupal surveys were conducted during the drier and wetter parts of the year in both neighborhoods to determine the contribution of humans and rains to mosquito production. Mosquito dynamics in each neighborhood was compared with dengue incidence in their respective municipalities during the study. Our results showed that: 1. Most pupae were produced in containers managed by people, which explains the prevalence of adult mosquitoes at times when rainfall was scant; 2. Water meters were documented for the first time as productive habitats for Ae. aegypti; 3. Even though PuertoRico has a reliable supply of tap water and an active tire recycling program, water storage containers and discarded tires were important mosquito producers; 4. Peaks in mosquito density preceded maximum dengue incidence; and 5. Ae. aegypti dynamics were driven by weather and human

The PuertoRico Time of Day (TOD) electric rate demonstration project consists of three distinct studies: (A) Low usage customers (less than or equal to425 kWh per 30 consecutive days) are compared for a 12 hours peak period rate, against a control group of similar usage. (B) High usage customers (>425 kWh per 30 consecutive days) are assigned a single 12 hours peak period experimental rate. (C) High usage customers, assigned to a number of different experimental rates and compared against a control group (also used for B). For this group, peak period lengths are fixed at a specific six hour period and rates are allowed to vary. For comparative purposes a control group is included. As part of this experiment an entry and exit survey have been designed. The purpose of the surveys is to find out the changes in electric consumption stock and life style of the participants from the start to the end of the project. As participants were assigned to rates or control groups on a random basis, the emphasis of the entry survey analysis is to determine if there are any significant statistical differences among the selected participants.

Principles of energy-integrated farming were applied to the Rio Canas Dairy Farm, a privately-owned dairy farm and one of the largest dairy farms in PuertoRico with a milking herd of 400 cows. Animal wastes were fed to two anaerobic digesters where methane gas was produced by bacterial degradation of organic material. The methane gas fueled an engine-generator to produce electricity for farm use and for sale to the public utility. The Wastes were partially stabilized by bacterial action with the digesters and the digester effluent passed to a liquid-solid separator. Solid fraction was composted and either used as bedding material for the cows or marketed as soil conditioner. The liquid fraction flowed to a storage pond and was used in the Greenfeed subsystem to fertilize forage crops for the cows. Estimated energy savings of the system were 1705 MBtu for the first two subsystems and 7,718 MBtu's for all three subsystems. Simple payback for the first two subsystems was very long (20 years) because facilities for effective manure recovery did not exist on the farm at the outset of the project, operational costs for manure collection were charged against the project, and system components were oversized. Including the Greenfeed subsystem, simple payback for the project was 8.2 years. Assuming that manure collection facilities and practices already existed and assuming proper sizing of all components, simple payback for the Anaerobic Digestion and Electrical Production subsystem and the Farm Waste Management subsystem was 5.8 years. Using data from this project, an estimate of the return on investment was projected for different herd sizes. Results suggested that for dairy farms with less than 500 cows, anaerobic digester systems are only marginally profitable.

Wave Energy Assessment for the United States and PuertoRico Wave Energy Assessment for the United States and PuertoRico Dataset Summary Description Source The Wave Energy Resource Assessment project is a joint venture between NREL, EPRI, and Virginia Tech. EPRI is the prime contractor, Virginia Tech is responsible for development of the models and estimating the wave resource, and NREL serves as an independent validator and also develops the final GIS-based display of the data. Geographic Range US coastline, including AK, HI and PuertoRico, out to 50 nautical miles. Grid Properties Grids are derived from WaveWatch III grids. Near the coast of the lower 48 and HI, grids are squares, 4 minutes by 4 minutes (15 per degree). For the Alaska grids AK and BS, the grid is 4 minutes of latitude by 8 minutes of longitude (15 per deg by 7.5 per deg).

A battery energy-storage facility is described which provides PuertoRico Electric Power Authority 20 MW and 14.1 MWh for frequency control and instantaneous spinning reserve. A self-commuted power-conditioning system also enables black starts and provides reactive power for voltage control on transmission lines. 7 figs.

Interpersonal violence causes substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide and poses a considerable economic burden, equivalent to 4%–5 % of the gross national product in certain countries (1). The Commonwealth of PuertoRico is a U.S. territory with a 2004 population of approximately

An energy-integrated, environmental-compliance farm system was designed and constructed on a dairy farm in PuertoRico. Electrical power is produced by a motor-generator fueled by biogas obtained from the anaerobic fermentation of cow manure. This well-managed system complies with both the letter and the spirit of local environmental laws.

This thesis describes the use of a distributed hydrology model in conjunction with a Factor of Safety (FS) algorithm to predict dynamic landslide susceptibility for a humid basin in PuertoRico. The Mameyes basin, located ...

This report presents the results of an assessment of the technical and economic feasibility of deploying a photovoltaics (PV) system on brownfield sites in the Commonwealth of PuertoRico. All of the assessed sites are landfills. The sites were assessed for possible PV installations. The cost, performance, and site impacts of different PV options were estimated. The economics of the potential systems were analyzed using an electric rate of $0.119/kWh and incentives offered by PuertoRico and by the serving utility, PREPA. According to the site production calculations, the most cost-effective system in terms of return on investment is the thin-film fixed-tilt technology. The report recommends financing options that could assist in the implementation of such a system.

This report documents the findings of the Facility Energy Decision System (FEDS) assessment at Fort Buchanan, PuertoRico, by a team of PNNL engineers under contract to the Installation Management Agency (IMA) Southeast Region Office (SERO). Funding support was also provided by the Department of Energy's Federal Energy Management Program. The purpose of the assessment was to determine how energy is consumed at Fort Buchanan, identify the most cost-effective energy retrofit measures, and calculate the potential energy and cost savings.

PuertoRico now depends for 99% of its energy needs on petroleum. The nuclear alternative is not politically acceptable, so Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) combined with photovoltaics is the most promising renewable resource for energy. Wind power generation is not as economic since huge turbines are required for relatively little outputs of power. Biomass is also a viable alternative. Reduction in the dependence on oil is not only economically advantageous, but will also reduce environmental pollution.

This paper analyzes and makes recommendations for plans to develop an eco-industrial park (EIP) in PuertoRico. This project began with two basic goals: first, to supply cheaper energy to the island, which has suffered economic losses due to expensive energy; and second, to deal with the solid waste management problem. Thus, a proposal for a waste-to-energy (WTE) facility entered the picture, and close behind came an ambitious plan to convert the surrounding area into an EIP to be called the Renova Resource Recovery Park (RRRP). The EIP has been designed to include industries such as an existing paper mill, a steel casting plant, and a cement kiln. However, given the fact that the proposed site of RRRP is on abandoned sugar cane land, a new member was proposed – a sustainable agriculture cluster.

Sample records for islands puerto rico from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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A development project leading to a closed-cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) pilot plant is considered. In connection with this project, a plan was submitted for design, construction, deployment, start-up, and operation of a 40 MWe floating electric generating plant at Punta Tuna, PuertoRico. Attention is given to the OTEC concept, organizational aspects related to the project, the major problems regarding the OTEC program, and the commercialization plan. Questions of design philosophy are examined, taking into account the need for efficient heat exchangers, the minimization of water flow, the importance of achieving maximized efficiency, and requirements for environmental safety.

An oceanographic measurement program was conducted in the vicinity of a proposed ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) site about 20 km offshore of Punta Tuna, PuertoRico. As part of the program, a mooring consisting of five current meters was maintained between 21 June and 7 December, 1980. The current data collected are summarized according to frequency of occurrence within 5 cm/sec speed and 15/sup 0/ direction intervals. Sums and percentages of total occurrence are given for each speed and direction class, along with mean speed, extreme speeds, mean component speeds, and standard deviations. Hourly averages of current speed, true direction, current vector, temperature, and pressure are plotted as a function of time. On 13 December, 1980, a current meter array was deployed at the Punta Tuna site and recovered on May 16, 1981. The processed current data from this current meter array are described. (LEW)

This report presents the results of an assessment of the technical and economic feasibility of deploying a solar photovoltaics (PV) system on landfill sites in PuertoRico. The purpose of this report is to assess the landfills with the highest potential for possible solar PV installation and estimate cost, performance, and site impacts of three different PV options: crystalline silicon (fixed tilt), crystalline silicon (single-axis tracking), and thin film (fixed tilt). The report outlines financing options that could assist in the implementation of a system. According to the site production calculations, the most cost-effective system in terms of return on investment is the thin-film fixed-tilt technology. The report recommends financing options that could assist in the implementation of such a system. The landfills and sites considered in this report were all determined feasible areas in which to implement solar PV systems.

Commonwealth of PuertoRico Commonwealth of PuertoRico Energy Affairs Administration - Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program Funds Provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 OAS-RA-13-27 July 2013 Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 July 15, 2013 MEMORANDUM FOR THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY FROM: Rickey R. Hass Deputy Inspector General for Audits and Inspections Office of Inspector General SUBJECT: INFORMATION: Examination Report on "Commonwealth of PuertoRico Energy Affairs Administration - Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant Program Funds Provided by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009" BACKGROUND The attached report presents the results of an examination of the Commonwealth of PuertoRico

During the 404 days between 29 January 1980 and 10 March 1981 the Center conducted an uninterrupted biofouling test at Punta Tuna, PuertoRico, of periodically cleaned, OTEC evaporator tubes. The fouling resistance (R/sub f), total surface carbon and nitrogen content, ATP, and the wet film thickness (WFT) were determined throughout the test. Visual observations of the fouling film were made by light sectioning and scanning microscopy, and at the end of the test, a study was made of the macrofouling of the flow system. The results of thest tests indicate that a base layer of bacteria and exudated polysaccharides enhance microbial adhesion and thereby create an environment conducive to rapid film growth. Fouling rates (dR/sub f//dt) for aluminum were generally higher than for titanium but they were linear for both materials and did not exceed 0.3(10/sup -4/)ft/sup 2/-h-/sup 0/F/Btu-day for either material during the 13-month study. Excellent correlation was found to exist between R/sub f/ and WFT which supports the hypothesis that it is the stagnant film of water entrapped by bacteria which is largely responsible for the insulating properties of the biofilm. The macrofouling study identified 61 species of benthic invertebrates representing ten phyla growing in those parts of the flow system, where flow was less than 3 fps but no macrofouling where the flow velocity significantly exceeded 3 fps.

The first results of an oceanographic measurement program being conducted off the southeast corner of PuertoRico are presented. The study site is a proposed OTEC site and is located about 20 km off Punta Tuna. The objectives of the measurement program are to document the physical oceanography of the site as related to the engineering and environmental factors involved in OTEC design and operation. Oceanographic measurements include: (1) a subsurface mooring instrumented with five current, temperature, and pressure recorders; and (2) quarterly hydrographic cruises to measure salinity, temperature, and depth profiles on a grid of 33 stations in the vicinity of the mooring site. The first cruise, conducted between 16 and 21 June 1980, included the initial mooring deployment and a CTD (conductivity, temperature, and depth) and XBT (expendable bathythermograph) survey. The CTD/XBT measurements are presented. Also included are results of in situ current, temperature, and pressure measurements made during two previous programs. In September 1979, Coastal Marine Research (CMR) deployed a mooring at approximately the same site as the present mooring. Results from three of these instruments are included. The Naval Underwater Systems Center deployed a mooring at this site in February 1979 and partial results from one instrument on this mooring are also presented. (WHK)

Abstract: Does the disclosure of information about corrupt activities induce a sustained reduction in corruption? We use publicly released routine audits of municipal governments in PuertoRico to answer this question. We first develop a political agency model where voters re-elect incumbents based on their performance while in office. We show that, because voters cannot directly observe incumbents ’ actions, an incumbent whose reputation improved in the previous term is likely to engage in more rent-seeking activities in a future term. Guided by this model, we use longitudinal data on audit results to examine the long-term consequences of providing information to voters on levels of political corruption. We find that municipal corruption levels in subsequent audits are on average the same in municipalities audited preceding the previous election and those not audited then. In spite of this, mayors in municipalities audited preceding the previous election have higher re-election rates, suggesting that audits enable voters to select more competent politicians. We conclude that short-term information dissemination policies do not necessarily align politicians ’ long-term actions with voter preferences as politicians exploit their reputational gains by extracting more rents from office.

Recent work has suggested that weathering processes occurring in the subsurface produce the majority of silicate weathering products discharged to the world s oceans, thereby exerting a primary control on global temperature via the well-known positive feedback between silicate weathering and CO2. In addition, chemical and physical weathering processes deep within the critical zone create aquifers and control groundwater chemistry, watershed geometry and regolith formation rates. Despite this, most weathering studies are restricted to the shallow critical zone (e.g., soils, outcrops). Here we investigate the chemical weathering, fracturing and geomorphology of the deep critical zone in the Bisley watershed in the Luquillo Critical Zone Observatory, PuertoRico, from two boreholes drilled to 37.2 and 27.0 m depth, from which continuous core samples were taken. Corestones exposed aboveground were also sampled. Weathered rinds developed on exposed corestones and along fracture surfaces on subsurface rocks slough off of exposed corestones once rinds attain a thickness up to ~1 cm, preventing the corestones from rounding due to diffusion limitation. Such corestones at the land surface are assumed to be what remains after exhumation of similar, fractured bedrock pieces that were observed in the drilled cores between thick layers of regolith. Some of these subsurface corestones are massive and others are highly fractured, whereas aboveground corestones are generally massive with little to no apparent fracturing. Subsurface corestones are larger and less fractured in the borehole drilled on a road where it crosses a ridge compared to the borehole drilled where the road crosses the stream channel. Both borehole profiles indicate that the weathering zone extends to well below the stream channel in this upland catchment; hence weathering depth is not controlled by the stream level within the catchment and not all of the water in the watershed is discharged to the stream.

The purpose of this study is to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET{sub o}), rainfall deficit (rainfall - ET{sub o}) and relative crop yield reduction for a generic crop under climate change conditions for three locations in PuertoRico: Adjuntas, Mayaguez, and Lajas. Reference evapotranspiration is estimated by the Penman-Monteith method. Rainfall and temperature data were statistically downscaled and evaluated using the DOE/NCAR PCM global circulation model projections for the B1 (low), A2 (mid-high) and A1fi (high) emission scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios. Relative crop yield reductions were estimated from a function dependent water stress factor, which is a function of soil moisture content. Average soil moisture content for the three locations was determined by means of a simple water balance approach. Results from the analysis indicate that the rainy season will become wetter and the dry season will become drier. The 20-year mean 1990-2010 September rainfall excess (i.e., rainfall - ET{sub o} > 0) increased for all scenarios and locations from 149.8 to 356.4 mm for 2080-2100. Similarly, the 20-year average February rainfall deficit (i.e., rainfall - ET{sub o} crop yield reduction did not change significantly under the B1 projected emissions scenario, but increased by approximately 20% during the summer months under the A1fi emissions scenario. Components of the annual water balance for the three climate change scenarios are rainfall, evapotranspiration (adjusted for soil moisture), surface runoff, aquifer recharge and change in soil moisture storage. Under the A1fi scenario, for all locations, annual evapotranspiration decreased owing to lower soil moisture, surface runoff decreased, and aquifer recharge increased. Aquifer recharge increased at all three locations because the majority of recharge occurs during the wet season and the wet season became wetter. This is good news from a groundwater production standpoint. Increasing aquifer recharge also suggests that groundwater levels may increase and this may help to minimize saltwater intrusion near the coasts as sea levels increase, provided that groundwater use is not over-subscribed.

Sample records for islands puerto rico from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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The purpose of this study is to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ET{sub o}), rainfall deficit (rainfall - ET{sub o}) and relative crop yield reduction for a generic crop under climate change conditions for three locations in PuertoRico: Adjuntas, Mayaguez, and Lajas. Reference evapotranspiration is estimated by the Penman-Monteith method. Rainfall and temperature data were statistically downscaled and evaluated using the DOE/NCAR PCM global circulation model projections for the B1 (low), A2 (mid-high) and A1fi (high) emission scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios. Relative crop yield reductions were estimated from a function dependent water stress factor, which is a function of soil moisture content. Average soil moisture content for the three locations was determined by means of a simple water balance approach. Results from the analysis indicate that the rainy season will become wetter and the dry season will become drier. The 20-year mean 1990-2010 September rainfall excess (i.e., rainfall - ET{sub o} > 0) increased for all scenarios and locations from 149.8 to 356.4 mm for 2080-2100. Similarly, the 20-year average February rainfall deficit (i.e., rainfall - ET{sub o} < 0) decreased from a -26.1 mm for 1990-2010 to -72.1 mm for the year 2080-2100. The results suggest that additional water could be saved during the wet months to offset increased irrigation requirements during the dry months. Relative crop yield reduction did not change significantly under the B1 projected emissions scenario, but increased by approximately 20% during the summer months under the A1fi emissions scenario. Components of the annual water balance for the three climate change scenarios are rainfall, evapotranspiration (adjusted for soil moisture), surface runoff, aquifer recharge and change in soil moisture storage. Under the A1fi scenario, for all locations, annual evapotranspiration decreased owing to lower soil moisture, surface runoff decreased, and aquifer recharge increased. Aquifer recharge increased at all three locations because the majority of recharge occurs during the wet season and the wet season became wetter. This is good news from a groundwater production standpoint. Increasing aquifer recharge also suggests that groundwater levels may increase and this may help to minimize saltwater intrusion near the coasts as sea levels increase, provided that groundwater use is not over-subscribed.

In the mountainous Rio Icacos watershed in northeastern PuertoRico, quartz diorite bedrock weathers spheroidally, producing a 0.2-2 m thick zone of partially weathered rock layers ({approx}2.5 cm thickness each) called rindlets, which form concentric layers around corestones. Spheroidal fracturing has been modeled to occur when a weathering reaction with a positive {Delta}V of reaction builds up elastic strain energy. The rates of spheroidal fracturing and saprolite formation are therefore controlled by the rate of the weathering reaction. Chemical, petrographic, and spectroscopic evidence demonstrates that biotite oxidation is the most likely fracture-inducing reaction. This reaction occurs with an expansion in d (0 0 1) from 10.0 to 10.5 {angstrom}, forming 'altered biotite'. Progressive biotite oxidation across the rindlet zone was inferred from thin sections and gradients in K and Fe(II). Using the gradient in Fe(II) and constraints based on cosmogenic age dates, we calculated a biotite oxidation reaction rate of 8.2 x 10{sup -14} mol biotite m{sup -2} s{sup -1}. Biotite oxidation was documented within the bedrock corestone by synchrotron X-ray microprobe fluorescence imaging and XANES. X-ray microprobe images of Fe(II) and Fe(III) at 2 {micro}m resolution revealed that oxidized zones within individual biotite crystals are the first evidence of alteration of the otherwise unaltered corestone. Fluids entering along fractures lead to the dissolution of plagioclase within the rindlet zone. Within 7 cm surrounding the rindlet-saprolite interface, hornblende dissolves to completion at a rate of 6.3 x 10{sup -13} mol hornblende m{sup -2} s{sup -1}: the fastest reported rate of hornblende weathering in the field. This rate is consistent with laboratory-derived hornblende dissolution rates. By revealing the coupling of these mineral weathering reactions to fracturing and porosity formation we are able to describe the process by which the quartz diorite bedrock disaggregates and forms saprolite. In the corestone, biotite oxidation induces spheroidal fracturing, facilitating the influx of fluids that react with other minerals, dissolving plagioclase and chlorite, creating additional porosity, and eventually dissolving hornblende and precipitating secondary minerals. The thickness of the resultant saprolite is maintained at steady state by a positive feedback between the denudation rate and the weathering advance rate driven by the concentration of pore water O{sub 2} at the bedrock-saprolite interface.

This study presents the impact of the interconnection of Fuel Cells in the distribution system of the University of PuertoRico at Mayaguez Campus (RUM). The expected end-results will aid in the improvement of protection systems in the distribution system ...

Vertical profiles of horizontal winds in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere were measured by the UHF Doppler radar at Arecibo, PuertoRico (18.35°N, 66.75°W) on 26 days in August and September 1977. On comparing these with horizontal ...

Since 29 January 1980, continuous flow of ocean surface water has been maintained through simulated Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) evaporator tubes in order to determine in situ, long-term effects of microbiofouling on heat exchanger efficiency. The experimental apparatus consists of two aluminum and two titanium modules mounted on a research platform moored at the potential OTEC site off Punta Tuna, PuertoRico. The fouling resistance (R /SUB f/ ), a relative measure of heat transfer efficiency, is being monitored regularly, and the units have been cleaned four times. Postcleaning fouling rates (dR /SUB f/ /dt) for the aluminum units have not changed significantly but are considerably higher than the initial fouling rates. At first, post-cleaning fouling rates for the titanium units were less than for the aluminum units, but this value has been progressively increasing and now all units are fouling at approximately the same rate. Cleaning with manually operated M.A.N. brushes did not reduce R /SUB f/ to zero. On four occasions, flow velocity through the units has been increased. Results from these experiments suggest that initially the fouling layer is easily dislodged from the tube surface but that, with time, it becomes more firmly attached.

One of the most intensely debated issues in Caribbean archaeology in the last two decades has been concentrated on addressing if there was either one or two migrations of ceramic bearers to the West Indies following the Archaic occupation of the islands. This debate has been promoted by the uncovering of two archaeological sites, La Hueca and Punta Candelero, which have produced artifactual remains unlike the ones that were deemed representative of what was thought to be the first and only wave of agro-potters that ventured into the Antilles (Cedrosan Saladoid). This new cultural manifestation was named the "Huecoid" (LH) by its original discoverers, Luis Chanlatte and Ivonne Narganes. Unfortunately, this debate has been mostly concentrated on the study of ceramics, as that has been the dominant unit of analysis in Caribbean archaeology. Therefore, in order to add another dimension to this debate, this study focuses on the analysis of 3,379 lithic artifacts recovered from Punta Candelero and La Hueca sites. This study is both descriptive and analytical since it offers the first detailed description of the utilitarian lithic materials associated with the LH component of these sites and compares, from a technological standpoint, the reduction protocols followed in each component. This is made possible by the fact that both of these sites present LH contexts segregated from Cedrosan Saladoid deposits. Such a comparison offers a high resolution because the variability that may be induced by environmental variables such as differential biotic resources or raw material availability is ruled out, as both groups inhabited the same geographic and ecological space. After comparing the LH materials with those unearthed from Cedrosan Saladoid contexts, I concluded that LH stone workers followed different reduction templates during lithic reduction, thus representing a distinct tradition of stone working. The reach of this evidence will only be ascertained when other lines of evidence are carefully examined and integrated into a holistic perspective on this matter.

Because Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) operates at a low thermodynamic efficiency, heat exchangers represent a major portion of the overall cost of an OTEC power plant. For this reason, the commercial viability of OTEC depends on the design of efficient and inexpensive heat exchangers which have an operational life expectancy of 20 to 30 years and which can be maintained at a high level of efficiency by the use of effective biofouling control. Summarized here are the results of experiments conducted by the Center for Energy and Environment Research of the University of PuertoRico to: determine the nature of the biofilm which develops on heat exchanger surfaces exposed to running seawater, test the effectiveness of brush cleaning and chlorination in controlling biofouling on these surfaces and study the corrosion behavior of zinc protected aluminum alloys under OTEC conditions in an attempt to qualify them for use in low cost OTEC heat exchangers.

A simple and quick general test to screen for numerical anomalies is presented. It can be applied, for example, to electoral processes, both electronic and manual. It uses vote counts in officially published voting units, which are typically widely available and institutionally backed. The test examines the frequencies of digits on voting counts and rests on the First (NBL1) and Second Digit Newcomb--Benford Law (NBL2), and in a novel generalization of the law under restrictions of the maximum number of voters per unit (RNBL2). We apply the test to the 2004 USA presidential elections, the PuertoRico (1996, 2000 and 2004) governor elections, the 2004 Venezuelan presidential recall referendum (RRP) and the previous 2000 Venezuelan Presidential election. The NBL2 is compellingly rejected only in the Venezuelan referendum and only for electronic voting units. Our original suggestion on the RRP (Pericchi and Torres, 2004) was criticized by The Carter Center report (2005). Acknowledging this, Mebane (2006) and The...

A thin plate-type element containing a dispersion of 20% enriched U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ was developed and successfully used in the 5-Mw pool-type research reactor at the PuertoRico Nuclear Center. The underlying criteria that guided the design are presented. The technological factors, such as compatibility, corrosion resistance, and irradiation behavior, which led to the selection of U/ sub 3/O/sub 8/ as the fissile compound and aluminum as the cladding and matrix material, are reviewed. The fabrication procedures developed and adopted for manufacturing the component are presented. The scheme involves incorporation of 55 wt% U/sub 3/O/sub 8/ into aluminum compacts by powder metallurgy techniques, preparation of composite fuel plates by roll cladding, assembly of fuel plates into an integral unit by either the roll-swaging or pinning techniques, and corrosion protection of the element by an anodizing treatment to increase service life. Quality control measures adopted to ensure dimensional tolerances are described. Mechanical joining proved to be an economical method for assembling the pool-type fuel elements within dimensional specifications. (auth)

This hydrographic study characterizes the Punta Tuna area as a potential site for an OTEC power plant. Seven cruises were conducted at approximately two month intervals. Each cruise included at least 22 hydrocast stations, six done as serial stations in a small area to reveal temporal and small scale variability. The results of the analysis of these data so far indicate a bi-seasonality in the dynamics. Mesoscale eddies and meanders are a common feature of the circulation pattern on PuertoRico's southern coast. The time series studies have shown their existence of a very energetic internal wave field with relatively large amplitude waves at the diurnal and semi-diurnal tidal frequencies. The results in terms of an OTEC power plant indicate the thermal resource to be at least a 20C thermal gradient in the upper 100 m year round.

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Viva EnergÃ­a! Energy Department Partners with the University of Viva EnergÃ­a! Energy Department Partners with the University of PuertoRico Viva EnergÃ­a! Energy Department Partners with the University of PuertoRico November 3, 2011 - 12:03pm Addthis The iconic University of PuertoRico Tower. | Photo by Ramon82 via Flickr. The iconic University of PuertoRico Tower. | Photo by Ramon82 via Flickr.

This report focuses on the economic and technical feasibility of integrating renewable energy technologies into the U.S. Virgin Islands transmission and distribution systems. The report includes three main areas of analysis: 1) the economics of deploying utility-scale renewable energy technologies on St. Thomas/St. John and St. Croix; 2) potential sites for installing roof- and ground-mount PV systems and wind turbines and the impact renewable generation will have on the electrical subtransmission and distribution infrastructure, and 3) the feasibility of a 100- to 200-megawatt power interconnection of the PuertoRico Electric Power Authority (PREPA), Virgin Islands Water and Power Authority (WAPA), and British Virgin Islands (BVI) grids via a submarine cable system.

The study, Energy Vulnerability Assessment of the US Pacific Islands, was mandated by the Congress of the United States as stated in House Resolution 776-220 of 1992, Section 1406. The resolution states that the US Secretary of Energy shall conduct a study of the implications of the unique vulnerabilities of the insular areas to an oil supply disruption. Such study shall outline how the insular areas shall gain access to vital oil supplies during times of national emergency. The resolution defines insular areas as the US Virgin Islands, PuertoRico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau. The US Virgin Islands and PuertoRico are not included in this report. The US Department of Energy (USDOE) has broadened the scope of the study contained in the House Resolution to include emergency preparedness and response strategies which would reduce vulnerability to an oil supply disruption as well as steps to ameliorate adverse economic consequences. This includes a review of alternative energy technologies with respect to their potential for reducing dependence on imported petroleum. USDOE has outlined the four tasks of the energy vulnerability assessment as the following: (1) for each island, determine crude oil and refined product demand/supply, and characterize energy and economic infrastructure; (2) forecast global and regional oil trade flow patterns, energy demand/supply, and economic activities; (3) formulate oil supply disruption scenarios and ascertain the general and unique vulnerabilities of these islands to oil supply disruptions; and (4) outline emergency preparedness and response options to secure oil supplies in the short run, and reduce dependence on imported oil in the longer term.

Sunday, September 9, 2007; A01 ARECIBO, PuertoRico -- In the tangled forests of PuertoRico's steamy gearing up to fight proposed cuts. By contrast, PuertoRico, a commonwealth of the United States, has's director for financial help from PuertoRico's government struck him as paradoxical, given the island

Carolina Victor Huerfano-Moreno Â­ PuertoRico Seismic Network Â­ Mayaguez, PuertoRico William Knight - NOAA was already in place for PuertoRico and the Virgin Islands (PR/VI) thanks to a cooperative effort between the NOAA/Pacific Tsunami Warning Center and the PuertoRico Seismic Network (PRSN) that started in 2003

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PuertoRico - Green Energy Fund (PuertoRico) PuertoRico - Green Energy Fund (PuertoRico) In July 2010, PuertoRico enacted two important laws aimed at accelerating PuertoRico's adaptation of renewable energy and to reduce the island's reliance on fossil fuels. This is especially significant since 70% of the island's electricity comes from oil, according to the government of PuertoRico. October 16, 2013 PuertoRico - Economic Development Incentives for Renewables The 2008 Economic Incentives for the Development of PuertoRico Act (EIA) provides a wide array of tax incentives and credits that enable local and foreign companies dedicated to certain business activities to operate within PuertoRico while taking advantage of a foreign tax structure. October 16, 2013 Public Waterfront Act - Chapter 91 (Massachusetts)

How does land differentiate itself from other land by the way that it is marked? What implicit power relations are evidenced in these land marking processes? Whose interests are served in the designation of certain places ...

This document reports findings and recommendations as a result of a design assistance project with Fort Buchanan with the goals of developing a Strategic Energy Management Plan for the Site. A strategy has been developed with three major elements in mind: 1) development of a strong foundation from which to build, 2) understanding technologies that are available, and 3) exploring financing options to fund the implementation of improvements. The objective of this report is to outline a strategy that can be used by Fort Buchanan to further establish an effective energy management program. Once a strategy is accepted, the next step is to take action. Some of the strategies defined in this Plan may be implemented directly. Other strategies may require the development of a more sophisticated tactical, or operational, plan to detail a roadmap that will lead to successful realization of the goal. Similarly, some strategies are not single events. Rather, some strategies will require continuous efforts to maintain diligence or to change the culture of the Base occupants and their efforts to conserve energy resources.

The donning of camouflage gear by military forces is uniformly understood to be an attempt to dissolve into a background matrix in order to deceive an enemy in combat, or in a combat simulation. This thesis examines the ...

?? This dissertation excavates the intersection between the production of psychological knowledge, assessment, and colonialism. Utilizing the history of the dissemination of psychological knowledge in… (more)

variables which are influenced by R/S connectivity. Physical R/S connectivity at 24 river road crossing (RRC alteration in the immediate area of the RRC. To gain incite into underlying dynamics scour scores were type, and Stream size, resulting in a model with a R2 value of 0.64. A method of evaluating RRC acting

The purpose of this study is to analyze the socio-economic impacts of changes in energy prices and availability upon the low income minorities in PuertoRico. This volume presents both the theoretical and empirical aspect of this research. Chapter two includes a review of the literature on the demand for electricity. Chapter three analyzes the present electricity rate structure and its implications on equity and energy conservation. In chapter four data available from the PuertoRico Electric Power Authority is used to analyze the concentration of electricity consumption and, to estimate several models of demand functions fitted to be estimated with time-series data. Chapter five describes the household survey undertaken to get information on residential electricity consumption in PuertoRico. The information obtained was used in chapter six to analyze several aspects of electric energy consumption in PuertoRico. Among these: the price-consumption relationship, the income-consumption relationship, energy conservation patterns, subsidy impact on conservation, and equity considerations on the electricity consumption subsidy. These issues were examined using cross tabulation and regression analysis techniques. Finally, chapter nine (9) develops a simulation model to analyze the impact of different policy alternatives on electricity rate structures. 7 figures, 43 tables.

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;There is a stone carving over the main entrance to El Morro. To me it looks like a lion with wings, and I wonder what the artist used for the red. I wish I could have visited the cisterns under the main

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Between 1989 and 1991 the authors made observations that confirm and elucidate the coupling between harbor seiches at Puerto Princesa on Palawan Island in the Philippines and tide-generated internal solitons in the Sulu Sea. Published tidal ...

The Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign carried out a wide array of educational activities, including a major first in a field project—a complete mission, including research flights, planned and executed entirely by students. ...

This paper focuses on the surface–atmospheric interaction in a tropical coastal city including the validation of an atmospheric modeling and an impact study of land-cover and land-use (LCLU) changes. The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS)...

This report summarizes wind speed and direction data collected on meteorological towers at 14 candidate and wind turbine generator installation sites from October 1978 through September 1979. The basic method of data collection is by digital data cassette recording systems. For the digital data reported, an instantaneous sample is recorded every 2 minutes. An explanation is provided for each data summary table as well as information on how specific values were computed. The rest of the report presents the annual summarized data for each site.

This report summarizes wind speed and direction data collected on meteorological towers at 14 candidate and wind turbine generator installation sites from January 1979 through December 1979. The basic method of data collection is by digital data cassette recording systems. For the digital data reported, an instantaneous sample is recorded every 2 minutes. An explanation is included for each data summary table as well as information on how specific values were computed. The rest of the report presents the annual summarized data for each site.

Public space Is the stage upon which the daily drama of communal life unfolds. the dynamic setting for our basic needs: politics. religion. recreation. and commerce. Essential complement to both workspace and dwelling ...

Wind profiles measured with the Arecibo Observatory 430 MHz radar during 1979 and 1980 have been used to calculate frequency and radial wavenumber power spectra. Periods between 2 min and 6 h and vertical wavelength between 300 m and 13.5 km are ...

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Underground construction of the Rio Piedras section of the Tren Urbano project involved the construction of twin tunnels (6.3m diameter) with Earth Pressure Balance machines in weathered alluvial soil. The depth of the ...

Many studies have shown that the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has a significant influence on climate in many parts of the globe, mostly in the Pacific Basin. The objective of this study is to examine the possible impact of ENSO on climatic ...

INTRODUCTION The creation of the computer has revolutionized many aspects of our daily life, including education. The continued development of computer software and hardware, and the rapid growth of the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW), has made the computer much more than just a tool. It is now an open and flexible environment that has become essential for most human endeavors. Yet computing continues to be accessible only to a small minority of the citizens of the world. Even when we consider computer use in the USA alone, minorities and low-income families do not have the access to the computing resources that other groups have. The situation is much worse in other countries. This has significant and serious (negative) effects on the educational development of minority and low-income groups. The gap between the "haves" and the "have-nots" continues to widen in our societies and unfortunately "information access" is only the latest resource included in this dichotomy [4]. Mos

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the entire upper US East Coast (USEC), in addition to PuertoRico and many of the Caribbean islands (e USEC (north of Virginia), here, we simulate tsunami generation and transoceanic propagation to the USEC

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In 1997, the Tropical Prediction Center (TPC) began operational Gulfstream-IV jet aircraft missions to improve the numerical guidance for hurricanes threatening the continental United States, PuertoRico, and the Virgin Islands. During these ...

Tropical cyclone activity over the last 5000 years is investigated using overwash sediments from coastal lagoons on the islands of Vieques, PuertoRico and Koshikijima, Japan. A simple sediment transport model can reproduce ...

Shallow, maritime cumuli are ubiquitous over much of the tropical oceans, and characterizing their properties is important to understanding weather and climate. The Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) field campaign, which took place during ...

A biofouling test of 404 days was conducted on evaporator tubes of an ocean thermal energy conversion plant of the Center for Energy and Environmental Research. The fouling resistance (R/sub f/), total surface carbon and nitrogen content, ATP, and the wet film thickness (WFT) were determined throughout the test. Visual observations of the fouling film were made by light sectioning and scanning microscopy, and at the end of the test, a study was made of the macrofouling of the flow system. The results of these tests indicate that a base layer of bacteria and exudated polysaccharides enhance microbial adhesion and thereby create an environment conducive to rapid film growth. Fouling rates (dR/sub f//dt) for aluminum were generally higher than for titanium but they were linear for both materials and did not exceed 0.3(10/sup -4/)ft/sup 2/-hr-/degree/F/Btu-day for either material during the 13-month study. Excellent correlation was found to exist between R/sub f/ and WFT, which supports the hypothesis that it is the stagnant film of water entrapped by bacteria which is largely responsible for the insulating properties of the biofilm. The macrofouling study identified 61 species of benthic invertebrates representing ten phyla growing in those parts of the flow system, where flow was less than 3 fps but no macrofouling where the flow velocity significantly exceeded 3 fps. 24 refs.

??Large-scale natural disturbances, such as hurricanes, have extensive effects on the structure and dynamics of populations and communities. Studies of large-scale, infrequent disturbances are few… (more)

This paper presents the development of a rainfall-triggered landslide module within an existing physically based spatially distributed ecohydrologic model. The model, tRIBS-VEGGIE (Triangulated Irregular Networks-based ...

This thesis explores the physical and spatial requirements that would allow a free trade zone to operate efficiently within the Port of Ponce. The form of this economic enterprise is seen as an integration of the industrial ...

......................................................................25 University of PuertoRico Â­ Mayaguez .....................................................29 University of PuertoRico Â­ Mayaguez .....................................................76 University to see the project develop as students in PuertoRico completed their installations. Q: Was it ever

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21 - 23930 of 26,764 results. 21 - 23930 of 26,764 results. Article Viva EnergÃ­a! Energy Department Partners with the University of PuertoRico As one of the leading research institutions in PuertoRico, the University of PuertoRico has the largest and most diverse academic offerings on the Carribean island. And now -- thanks to funding from the Recovery Act -- the university is undertaking several energy conservation and renewable energy projects that will reduce the school's energy costs by $230,000 a year. http://energy.gov/articles/viva-energ-energy-department-partners-university-puerto-rico Article Taking Steps to Make Energy Data More Accessible From economic projections and fuel costs to renewable energy potential estimates and power outage reports, the Energy Department produces vast

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The development of offshore oil and gas resources in the Arctic waters of Alaska requires offshore structures which successfully resist the lateral forces due to moving, drifting ice. Ice islands are floating, a tabular icebergs, up to 60 meters thick, of solid ice throughout their thickness. The ice islands are thus regarded as the strongest ice features in the Arctic; fixed offshore structures which can directly withstand the impact of ice islands are possible but in some locations may be so expensive as to make oilfield development uneconomic. The resolution of the ice island problem requires two research steps: (1) calculation of the probability of interaction between an ice island and an offshore structure in a given region; and (2) if the probability if sufficiently large, then the study of possible interactions between ice island and structure, to discover mitigative measures to deal with the moving ice island. The ice island research conducted during the 1983-1988 interval, which is summarized in this report, was concerned with the first step. Monte Carlo simulations of ice island generation and movement suggest that ice island lifetimes range from 0 to 70 years, and that 85% of the lifetimes are less then 35 years. The simulation shows a mean value of 18 ice islands present at any time in the Arctic Ocean, with a 90% probability of less than 30 ice islands. At this time, approximately 34 ice islands are known, from observations, to exist in the Arctic Ocean, not including the 10-meter thick class of ice islands. Return interval plots from the simulation show that coastal zones of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, already leased for oil development, have ice island recurrences of 10 to 100 years. This implies that the ice island hazard must be considered thoroughly, and appropriate safety measures adopted, when offshore oil production plans are formulated for the Alaskan Arctic offshore. 132 refs., 161 figs., 17 tabs.

Precipitation characteristics of trade wind clouds over the Atlantic Ocean near Barbuda are derived from radar and aircraft data and are compared with satellite-observed cloud fields collected during the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) ...

11 - 17320 of 28,905 results. 11 - 17320 of 28,905 results. Download Ex Parte Memorandum- Natural Resources Defense Council On Friday, October 21, 2011, a group of non-profit and state energy efficiency advocates met with representatives of the Department of Energy to discuss the Direct Final Rule for Residential... http://energy.gov/gc/downloads/ex-parte-memorandum-natural-resources-defense-council Article Viva EnergÃ­a! Energy Department Partners with the University of PuertoRico As one of the leading research institutions in PuertoRico, the University of PuertoRico has the largest and most diverse academic offerings on the Carribean island. And now -- thanks to funding from the Recovery Act -- the university is undertaking several energy conservation and renewable energy projects that will reduce the school's energy costs by $230,000 a year.

The central Antilles Islands experience short periods of heavy rainfall during the spring season (April and May) when trade winds weaken across the Caribbean Sea. Composite analysis of the top 10 flood events in the period 1979–2005 is carried ...

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The impact of a meridional gradient in sea surface temperature (warm toward the equator, cold toward the pole) on the circulation around an island is investigated. The upper-ocean eastward geostrophic flow that balances such a meridional gradient ...

The Long Island Solar Farm (LISF) is a remarkable success story, whereby very different interest groups found a way to capitalize on unusual circumstances to develop a mutually beneficial source of renewable energy. The uniqueness of the circumstances that were necessary to develop the Long Island Solar Farm make it very difficult to replicate. The project is, however, an unparalleled resource for solar energy research, which will greatly inform large-scale PV solar development in the East. Lastly, the LISF is a superb model for the process by which the project developed and the innovation and leadership shown by the different players.

developed a program that enables residents to make improvements that will decrease their home energy usage energy bill, reduce your carbon footprint... at little or no cost to you. #12;A Message From Supervisor energy-efficient and reduce our community's carbon footprint. Why do we call it Long Island Green Homes

ISLANDSISLANDS International Leasing of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Sites to Provide Enduring Assurance of Peaceful Use Christopher E. Paine and Thomas B. Cochran Current International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards do not provide adequate protection against the diversion to military use of materials or technology from certain types of sensitive nuclear fuel cycle facilities. In view of highly enriched uranium's relatively greater ease of use as a nuclear explosive material than plutonium and the significant diseconomies of commercial spent fuel reprocessing, this article focuses on the need for improved international controls over uranium enrichment facilities as the proximate justification for creation of an International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Association (INFCA). In principle, the proposal is equally applicable to alleviating the proliferation concerns provoked by nuclear fuel

Rhode Island Rhode Island www.effi cientwindows.org March 2013 1. Meet the Energy Code and Look for the ENERGY STAR Â® Windows must comply with your local energy code. Windows that are ENERGY STAR qualifi ed typically meet or exceed energy code requirements. To verify if specific window energy properties comply with the local code requirements, go to Step 2. 2. Look for Effi cient Properties on the NFRC Label The National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) label is needed for verifi cation of energy code compliance (www.nfrc. org). The NFRC label displays whole- window energy properties and appears on all fenestration products which are part of the ENERGY STAR program.

The Three Mile Island accident was the worst accident ever experienced by the nuclear power industry. Although the radiation exposures were extremely low, the potential for greater public exposure did exist. Fortunately, the health and safety of the public were not affected by radiation, nor was anyone killed or injured; however, thousand of lives were disrupted by fear and anxiety and by a limited evacuation. The events and actions contributing to the accident are described.

PuertoRicoPuertoRico go to www.recovery.gov DOE Recovery Act projects in PuertoRico: 46 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY * PUERTORICO RECOVERY ACT SNAPSHOT The American Recovery & Reinvestment Act (ARRA) is making a meaningful down payment on the nation's energy and environmental future. The Recovery Act investments in PuertoRico are supporting a broad range of clean energy projects, from solar power to wind. Through these investments, PuertoRico's businesses, universities, non-profits, and local governments are creating quality jobs today and positioning PuertoRico to play an important role in the new energy economy of the future. EXAMPLES OF PUERTORICO FORMULA GRANTS Program Award (in millions) State Energy Program Weatherization Assistance Program Energy Efficiency Conservation Block Grants

81 - 19290 of 31,917 results. 81 - 19290 of 31,917 results. Rebate PuertoRico- Green Energy Fund Tier I Incentive Program (PuertoRico) NOTE: The third funding cycle closed December 31, 2012. The current funding cycle runs from February 1, 2013 to June 30, 2013. There is $4,823,507 available for this funding cycle. http://energy.gov/savings/puerto-rico-green-energy-fund-tier-i-incentive-program-puerto-rico Rebate PuertoRico- Green Energy Fund Tier II Incentive Program (PuertoRico) Note: There is one application period per quarter. Applications must be submitted by the fifth day of each quarter (July 5, October 5, January 5, and April 5). http://energy.gov/savings/puerto-rico-green-energy-fund-tier-ii-incentive-program-puerto-rico Download PSH-13-0053- In the Matter of Personnel Security Hearing

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The Puerto Rican population in the United States reached 4.2 million according to the 2008 American Community Survey, surpassing the 3.8 million in PuertoRico. Despite the fact they represent the second largest Hispanic population in the U.S., recent literature lacks a comprehensive picture of characteristics of this population compared to other Hispanic groups. The main objective of this paper is to present an up-to-date profile of the Puerto Ricans living in the U.S. and in the island of PuertoRico. We will use the 2008 American Community Survey and the PuertoRico Community Survey. The paper will address three main issues. What are the basic characteristics of the populations such as educational attainment, language and other characteristics over time? How do the two populations compare with other groups like Hispanic groups, Blacks and Whites? What geographic and migration factors influence the difference between Puerto Ricans compared to other groups? This report is released to inform interested parties of research and to encourage discussion. The views expressed on statistical and technical issues are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. Census Bureau. Collazo, Ryan and Bauman- Page 2

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PUERTORICO WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL FY 2013 WATER. #12;RFP Water Resources Research Grant State Program FY2013 1 PUERTORICO WATER RESOURCES resources problems of state and regional significance. The research priority areas for PuertoRico

WATER AND ENERGY BALANCE ESTIMATION IN PUERTORICO USING SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING Eric. W Morales3 1 Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering University of PuertoRico Â­ MayagÃ¼ez was developed for estimating the surface water balance, based on remotely sensed data for PuertoRico

PUERTORICO WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL FY 2011 WATER. #12;RFP Water Resources Research Grant State Program FY2009 1 PUERTORICO WATER RESOURCES resources problems of state and regional significance. The research priority areas for PuertoRico

The University of PuertoRico is a well established and mature institution, with a total enrollment of PuertoRico. It holds membership in the Middle States Commission on Higher Education since 1946 by professional entities. The MayagÃ¼ez Campus of the University of PuertoRico is a member of Oak Ridge Associated

University of PuertoRico MayagÃ¼ez Campus Faculty of Arts and Sciences Department of Geology + Spectral Analyses and Sedimentation of the West Coast Beaches of PuertoRico Undergraduate Research Final, and mineralogy along the west coast of PuertoRico. These sand sediments were sampled at different geologic

AN OPERATIONAL WATER AND ENERGY BALANCE ALGORITHM FOR PUERTORICO Eric Harmsen Department.com In this study an operational water and energy balance algorithm for PuertoRico (GOES- PRWEB) was developed data. The ground level, 1-km resolution solar radiation product became available in PuertoRico

, University of PuertoRico, MayagÂ?uez, PuertoRico 00680 2 U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington D when there is no solar insolation the C 2 n energy is distributed in the lowest frequencies data used in this study was collected during 2006 at the University of PuertoRico, MayagÂ?uez Campus

in the atmosphere, numerical simulation of a dust event during the PuertoRico Dust Experiment (PRIDE) is presented models, es- pecially regional models. Using a case study of a dust event observed during the PuertoRico and the Area of Study The area of study (Figure 1) is centered on PuertoRico which was also the base

AN OPERATIONAL WATER AND ENERGY BALANCE ALGORITHM FOR PUERTORICO Eric Harmsen Department.com In this study an operational water and energy balance algorithm for PuertoRico (GOES- PRWEB) was developed data. The ground level, 1-km resolution solar radiation product became available in PuertoRico

PUERTORICO WATER RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL FY 2012 WATER. #12;RFP Water Resources Research Grant State Program FY2012 1 PUERTORICO WATER RESOURCES resources problems of state and regional significance. The research priority areas for PuertoRico

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The urban heat island is a well-known and well-described temperature anomaly, but other types of heat islands are also infrequently reported. A 10 km × 30 km data field containing more than 100 individual winter morning air temperature ...

9 1986 9 1986 Island Wide Management Corporation 3000 Marcus Avenue Lake Success, New York 11042 Dear Sir or Madam: I am sending you this letter and the enclosed information as you have been identified by L. I. Trinin of Glick Construction Company as the representatives of the owners of the property that was formerly the site of the Sylvania-Corning Nuclear Corporation in Bayside, New York. The Department of Energy is evaluating the radiological condition of sites that were utilized under the Manhattan Engineer District and/or the Atomic Energy Commission in the early years of nuclear energy development to determine whether they need remedial action and whether the Department has authority to perform such action. As you may know, the former Sylvania-Corning Corporation Bayside site was identified as one such site.

Density stratification and planetary rotation distinguish three-dimensional island wakes significantly from a classical fluid dynamical flow around an obstacle. A numerical model is used to study the formation and evolution of flow around an ...

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This CDROM contains nearly 500 photos and captions of solar energy technologies at work throughout the United States. Every state of the union is represented, as well as PuertoRico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the District of Columbia, and U.S. outposts in Antarctica. The technologies represented are photovoltaics, solar thermal, solar hot water, and concentrating solar power. The CD promotes solar energy as a wise energy choice for America's present and future.

This CDROM contains nearly 500 photos and captions of solar energy technologies at work throughout the United States. Every state of the union is represented, as well as PuertoRico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the District of Columbia, and U.S. outposts in Antarctica. The technologies represented are photovoltaics, solar thermal, solar hot water, and concentrating solar power. The CD promotes solar energy as a wise energy choice for America's present and future.

This document is submitted in support of the proposal to designate certain waters adjacent to the coasts of the United States territories of the Commonwealth of PuertoRico and the U.S. Virgin Islands as an Emission Control Area for NOX, SOX, and PM, in accordance with regulations 13 and 14 and Appendix III of MARPOL Annex VI. It provides references and other information considered in developing the proposal.

Data series include fuel, electricity, and steam purchased for consumption at the refinery; refinery receipts of crude oil by method of transportation; current and projected capacities for atmospheric crude oil distillation, downstream charge, production, and storage capacities. Respondents are operators of all operating and idle petroleum refineries (including new refineries under construction) and refineries shut down during the previous year, located in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, PuertoRico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and other U.S. possessions.

Data series include fuel, electricity, and steam purchased for consumption at the refinery; refinery receipts of crude oil by method of transportation; current and projected capacities for atmospheric crude oil distillation, downstream charge, production, and storage capacities. Respondents are operators of all operating and idle petroleum refineries (including new refineries under construction) and refineries shut down during the previous year, located in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, PuertoRico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and other U.S. possessions.

Data series include fuel, electricity, and steam purchased for consumption at the refinery; refinery receipts of crude oil by method of transportation; current and projected capacities for atmospheric crude oil distillation, downstream charge, production, and storage capacities. Respondents are operators of all operating and idle petroleum refineries (including new refineries under construction) and refineries shut down during the previous year, located in the 50 States, the District of Columbia, PuertoRico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and other U.S. possessions.

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Island Solar Farm Island Solar Farm Project Overview The Long Island Solar Farm (LISF) is a 32-megawatt solar photovoltaic power plant built through a collaboration including BP Solar, the Long Island Power Authority (LIPA), and the Department of Energy. The LISF, located on the Brookhaven National Laboratory site, began delivering power to the LIPA grid in November 2011, and is currently the largest solar photovoltaic power plant in the Eastern United States. It is generating enough renewable

Effects of finite ion temperature on magnetic island evolution are studied by means of numerical simulations of a reduced set of two-fluid equations which include ion as well as electron diamagnetism in slab geometry. The polarization current is found to be almost an order of magnitude larger in hot than in cold ion plasmas, due to the strong shear of ion velocity around the separatrix of the magnetic islands. As a function of the island width, the propagation speed decreases from the electron drift velocity (for islands thinner than the Larmor radius) to values close to the guiding-center velocity (for islands of order 10 times the Larmor radius). In the latter regime, the polarization current is destabilizing (i.e., it drives magnetic island growth). This is in contrast to cold ion plasmas, where the polarization current is generally found to have a healing effect on freely propagating magnetic island.

Pacific Island Cloud Trail Studies Pacific Island Cloud Trail Studies W. M. Porch Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico S. Winiecki University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois Introduction Images and surface temperature measurements from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Multi- spectral Thermal Imaging (MTI) satellite are combined with geostationary meteorological satellite (GMS) images during 2000 and 2001 to better understand cloud trail formation characteristics from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Tropical Western Pacific (TWP) site. Figure 1 shows a comparison on two consecutive days in December 2000. The day for which a cloud trail developed was more moist and cooler at the altitude the cloud developed (about 600 m) and there was very little

Key goals towards national biosecurity include methods for analyzing pathogens, predicting their emergence, and developing countermeasures. These goals are served by studying bacterial genes that promote pathogenicity and the pathogenicity islands that mobilize them. Cyberinfrastructure promoting an island database advances this field and enables deeper bioinformatic analysis that may identify novel pathogenicity genes. New automated methods and rich visualizations were developed for identifying pathogenicity islands, based on the principle that islands occur sporadically among closely related strains. The chromosomally-ordered pan-genome organizes all genes from a clade of strains; gaps in this visualization indicate islands, and decorations of the gene matrix facilitate exploration of island gene functions. A %E2%80%9Clearned phyloblocks%E2%80%9D method was developed for automated island identification, that trains on the phylogenetic patterns of islands identified by other methods. Learned phyloblocks better defined termini of previously identified islands in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2146, and found its only antibiotic resistance island.

Long Island Solar Farm Long Island Solar Farm Project Overview The Long Island Solar Farm (LISF) is a 32-megawatt solar photovoltaic power plant built through a collaboration including BP Solar, the Long Island Power Authority (LIPA), and the Department of Energy. The LISF, located on the Brookhaven National Laboratory site, began delivering power to the LIPA grid in November 2011, and is currently the largest solar photovoltaic power plant in the Eastern United States. It is generating enough renewable energy to power approximately 4,500 homes, and is helping New York State meet its clean energy and carbon reduction goals. Project Developer/Owner/Operator: Long Island Solar Farm, LLC (BP Solar & MetLife) Purchaser of Power: Long Island Power Authority (LIPA) purchases 100

Closed on Nauru Island Effect Closed on Nauru Island Effect For original submission and image(s), see ARM Research Highlights http://www.arm.gov/science/highlights/ Research Highlight The tiny 4-kilometer-by-6-kilometer island of Nauru is isolated in the equatorial Pacific Ocean with naught but a few small scattered islands for thousands of kilometers around. Thus, the ARM measurements made there are intended to represent the larger surrounding oceanic area. But decades of phosphate mining have left large barren karst fields as the predominant land surface over most of the center of the island, making it much more susceptible to solar heating than typical tropical vegetated surfaces. During the Nauru99 campaign, small cumulus clouds were observed at times forming over the center of the island, advecting over the ARM site

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Paving materials for heat island mitigation Paving materials for heat island mitigation Title Paving materials for heat island mitigation Publication Type Report Year of Publication 1997 Authors Pomerantz, Melvin, Hashem Akbari, Allan Chen, Haider Taha, and Arthur H. Rosenfeld Keywords Cool Pavements, Heat Island Abstract This report summarizes paving materials suitable for urban streets, driveways, parking lots and walkways. The authors evaluate materials for their abilities to reflect sunlight, which will reduce their temperatures. This in turn reduces the excess air temperature of cities (the heat island effect). The report presents the compositions of the materials, their suitability for particular applications, and their approximate costs (in 1996). Both new and resurfacing are described. They conclude that, although light-colored materials may be more expensive than conventional black materials, a thin layer of light-colored pavement may produce energy savings and smog reductions whose long-term worth is greater than the extra cost.

Radio emission from colliding coronal mass ejection flux ropes in the interplanetary medium suggested the local generation of superthermal electrons. Inspired by those observations, a fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulation of magnetic island coalescence models the magnetic reconnection between islands as a source of energetic electrons. When the islands merge, stored magnetic energy is converted into electron kinetic energy. The simulation demonstrates that a mechanism for electron energization originally applied to open field line reconnection geometries also operates near the reconnection site of merging magnetic islands. The electron heating is highly anisotropic, and it results mainly from an electric field surrounding the reconnection site that accelerates electrons parallel to the magnetic field. A detailed theory predicts the maximum electron energies and how they depend on the plasma parameters. In addition, the global motion of the magnetic islands launches low-frequency waves in the surrounding plasma, which induce large-amplitude, anisotropic fluctuations in the electron temperature.

Careers at Brookhaven Careers at Brookhaven Home For Job Seekers Job List Life at Brookhaven Benefits Family Programs Recreation & Fitness Why Brookhaven? For New Hires For Employees Living on Long Island Stretching 118 miles from end to end and measuring no more than 20 miles at its widest point, Long Island was aptly named by Dutch traders who circum-navigated it in the early 1600s. Those early Dutchmen discovered what the native Indians had known for centuries: The temperate climate, the bountiful seas and the fertile land made Long Island a most hospitable home. Local Area Information Long Island Schools Parks Beaches Wineries New York City Today, Brookhaven National Laboratory sits in the geographical center of Long Island. To the west, New York City boasts Broadway shows, museums,