Urine based biomarkers miss a substantial proportion of patients with bladder cancer and produce false positive results in others, research published in the Annals of Internal Medicine has found.1

The standard method for diagnosing bladder cancer involves cystoscopy, cytological evaluation of urine, and imaging. However, because cystoscopy is uncomfortable and costly, alternatives have been sought. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved five urinary biomarkers for …