//creates an array of length 10var array1:Array = newArray(10);//creates an array with the values 1, 2var array2:Array = newArray(1,2);//arrays can also be set using array literalsvar array3:Array = ["foo", "bar"];//to resize an array, modify the length propertyarray2.length = 3;//arrays can contain objects of multiple types.array2[2] = "Hello";//get a value from an arraytrace(array2[2]);//append a value to an arrayarray2.push(4);//get and remove the last element of an arraytrace(array2.pop());

Fingers_Extended'First := False; -- Set first element of array Fingers_Extended'Last := False; -- Set last element of array

end Array_Test;

Arrays are first-class objects in Ada. They can be allocated statically or dynamically as any other object. The number of elements in an array object is always constrained. Variable size arrays are provided by the standard container library. They also can be implemented as user-defined types.

[1:3, 1:3]INT matrix;# create a two dimensional array #REF[]INT hvector = matrix[2,];# create a reference to a row #REF[]INT vvector = matrix[,2];# create a reference to a column #REF[,]INT block = matrix[1:2, 1:2];# create a reference to an area of the array #

Arrays in ALGOL 68 are first class objects. Slices to any portion of the array can be created and then treated equivalently to arrays, even sections of a multidimensional array; the bounds are queried at run time. References may be made to portions of an array. Flexible arrays are supported, which resize themselves on assignment, but they can't be resized without destroying the data.

PROC main() da := New(100) -> or NEW la[100] IF da <> NIL ai[0] := da[0] -> first is 0 ai[99] := da[99] -> last is "size"-1 Dispose(da) ENDIF -> using NEW, we must specify the size even when -> "deallocating" the array IF la <> NIL THEN END la[100]ENDPROC

Dynamic arrays can be made using Lists. Lists and array can be used interchangeably in Apex, e.g. any method that accepts a List<String> will also accept a String[]

List <Integer> aList = new List <Integer>(); // optionally add an initial size as an argumentaList.add(5);// appends to the end of the listaList.add(1, 6);// assigns the element at index 1System.debug(list[0]); // Prints 5, alternatively you can use list.get(0)

AutoHotkey Basic (deprecated) did not have typical arrays.
However, variable names could be concatenated, simulating associative arrays.
By convention, based on built-in function stringsplit, indexes are 1-based and "0" index is the length.

WhileTrue;Endless loop$aInputs[UBound($aInputs)-1]=InputBox("Array","Add one value");Save user input to the last element of the ArrayIf$aInputs[UBound($aInputs)-1]=""Then;If an empty string is entered, then...ReDim$aInputs[UBound($aInputs)-1];...remove them from the Array and...ExitLoop;... exit the loop!EndIfReDim$aInputs[UBound($aInputs)+1];Add an empty element to the ArrayWEnd

There are two kinds of array in Babel: value-arrays and pointer-arrays. A value-array is a flat array of data words. A pointer-array is an array of pointers to other things (including value-arrays). You can create a data-array with plain square-brackets. You can create a value-array with the [ptr ] list form:

Concatenation creates a new array - it does not add to an array in-place. Instead, Babel provides operators and standard utilities for converting an array to a list in order to manipulate it, and then convert back.

The default array base (lower bound) can be set with OPTION BASE. If OPTION BASE is not set, the base may be either 0 or 1, depending on implementation. The value given in DIM statement is the upper bound. If the base is 0, then DIM a(100) will create an array containing 101 elements.

Arrays are initialized to zero or zero length strings when created.
BASIC does not generally have option for initializing arrays to other values, so the initializing is usually done at run time.
DATA and READ statements are often used for this purpose:

Note that BASIC dynamic arrays are not stack-based; instead, their size must be changed in the same manner as their initial declaration -- the only difference between static and dynamic arrays is the keyword used to declare them (DIM vs. REDIM). QBasic lacks the PRESERVE keyword found in some modern BASICs; resizing an array without PRESERVE zeros the values.

There are 26 arrays available (named 'a' to 'z') with all elements initialized to zero and an installation-specific maximum size (in GNU bc you can find out the limits of your installation (BC_DIM_MAX) by invoking the limits command).
Array identifiers are always followed by square brackets ('[', ']') and need not be declared/defined before usage. Indexing starts at zero.

The following is a transcript of an interactive session:

/* Put the value 42 into array g at index 3 */g[3] = 42/* Look at some other elements in g */g[2]0g[4342]0/* Look at the elements of another array */a[543]0/* Array names don't conflict with names of ordinary (scalar) identifiers */g0g = 123g123g[3]42

Note: Variables in BML can either be placed in a prefix group($, @, and &) or in the world. Placing variables in the world is not recommended since it can take large sums of memory when using said variable.

% Define an array(containing the numbers 1-3) named arr in the group $in $ let arr hold 1 2 3

In Bracmat, an array is not a variable, but a stack of variables. In fact, local variables in functions are elements in arrays. Global variables are the zeroth element in such arrays.
You can explicitly create an array of a specific size using the tbl function. Indexing is done by using the syntax integer$name.
Indexing is modulo the size of the array.
A negative integer counts from the end of the array and backwards.
The last used index is remembered by the array.
Arrays can grow and shrink by calling tbl with other values.
When shrinking, the values of the upper elements are lost.
When growing, the current values are kept and the new elements are initialised with 0.
To delete and array (and therefore the variable with the array's name), call tbl with a size 0.

Note that Brainf*** does not natively support arrays, this example creates something that's pretty close, with access of elements at each index, altering elements, and changing size of list at runtime.

===========[ARRAY DATA STRUCTURE

AUTHOR: Keith StellyesWRITTEN: June 2016

This is a zero-based indexing array data structure, it assumes the following precondition:

>INDEX<|NULL|VALUE|NULL|VALUE|NULL|VALUE|NULL

(Where >< mark pointer position, and | separates addresses)

It relies heavily on [>] and [<] both of which are idioms forfinding the next left/right null

HOW INDEXING WORKS:It runs a loop _index_ number of times, setting that many nullsto a positive, so it can be skipped by the mentioned idioms.Basically, it places that many "milestones".

EXAMPLE:If we seek index 2, and our array is {1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5}

FINDING INDEX 2: (loop to find next null, set to positive, as a milestone decrement index)

=======UNIT TEST======= SET ARRAY {48 49 50}>>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++>>++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++<<<<<<++ Move back to index and set it to 2=======================

===RETRIEVE ELEMENT AT INDEX===

=ACCESS INDEX=[>>[>]+[<]<-] loop that sets a null to a positive for each iteration First it moves the pointer from index to first value Then it uses a simple loop that finds the next null it sets the null to a positive (1 in this case) Then it uses that same loop reversed to find the first null which will always be one right of our index so we decrement our index Finally we decrement pointer from the null byte to our index and decrement it

>> Move pointer to the first value otherwise we can't loop

[>]< This will find the next right null which will always be right of the desired value; then go one left

. Output the value (In the unit test this print "2"

[<[-]<] Reset array

===ASSIGN VALUE AT INDEX===

STILL NEED TO ADJUST UNIT TESTS

NEWVALUE|>INDEX<|NULL|VALUE etc

[>>[>]+[<]<-] Like above logic except it empties the value and doesn't reset>>[>]<[-]

[<]< Move pointer to desired value note that where the index was stored is null because of the above loop

[->>[>]+[<]<] If NEWVALUE is GREATER than 0 then decrement it & then find the newly emptied cell and increment it

[>>[>]<+[<]<<-] Move pointer to first value find right null move pointer left then increment where we want our NEWVALUE to be stored then return back by finding leftmost null then decrementing pointer twice then decrement our NEWVALUE cell

When no size is given, the array is automatically sized. Typically this is how initialized arrays are defined. When this is done, you'll often see a definition that produces the number of elements in the array, as follows.

#define MYFLOAT_SIZE (sizeof(myFloats)/sizeof(myFloats[0]))

When defining autosized multidimensional arrays, all the dimensions except the first (leftmost) need to be defined. This is required in order for the compiler to generate the proper indexing for the array.

In C99, it is possible to declare arrays with a size that is only known at runtime (e.g. a number input by the user).

Typically dynamic allocation is used and the allocated array is sized to the maximum that might be needed. A additional variable is
declared and used to maintain the current number of elements used. In C, arrays may be dynamically resized if they were allocated:

C++ supports several types of array, depending on whether or not the size is known at compile time, and whether the array must be fixed-size or can grow.

std::array<T, N> is a fixed-size array of T objects.
The size (N) must be known at compile time.
It wraps a C array, and provides additional functionality and safety.
Depending on how it is used, it may be dynamically allocated on the stack as needed, placed in read-only program memory at load time, or possibly may only exist during compilation and get optimized away, among other possibilities.

std::vector<T> is a resizable array of T objects.
The memory for the array will be allocated from the heap (unless a custom allocator is used).

#include <array>#include <vector>

// These headers are only needed for the demonstration#include <algorithm>#include <iostream>#include <iterator>#include <string>

// This is a template function that works for any array-like objecttemplate<typename Array>void demonstrate(Array& array){// Array element access array[2]="Three";// Fast, but unsafe - if the index is out of bounds you// get undefined behaviour array.at(1)="Two";// *Slightly* less fast, but safe - if the index is out// of bounds, an exception is thrown

// Arrays can be used with standard algorithms std::reverse(begin(array), end(array)); std::for_each(begin(array), end(array),[](typename Array::value_typeconst& element)// in C++14, you can just use auto{ std::cout<< element <<' ';});

Clipper arrays aren't divided to fixed-length and dynamic. Even if we declare it with a certain dimensions, it can be resized in the same way as it was created dynamically. The first position in an array is 1, not 0, as in some other languages.

Items, including nested arrays, can be added to existing array, deleted from it, assigned to it

// Adding new item to array, its size is incremented Aadd( arr1,{"LBASE","L",1,0})// Delete the first item of arr3, The size of arr3 remains the same, all items are shifted to one position, the last item is replaced by Nil:ADel( arr1,1)// Assigning a value to array item arr3[1,1,1]:=11.4

Retrieve items of an array:

x := arr3[1,10,2]// The retrieved item can be nested array, in this case it isn't copied, the pointer to it is assigned

There is a set of functions to manage arrays in Clipper, including the following:

;clojure is a language built with immutable/persistent data structures. there is no concept of changing what a vector/list ;is, instead clojure creates a new array with an added value using (conj...);in the example below the my-list does not change.

user=>(def my-list (list 12345))

user=> my-list(12345)

user=>(first my-list)1

user=>(nth my-list 3)4

user=>(conj my-list 100);adding to a list always adds to the head of the list(10012345)

user=> my-list ;it is impossible to change the list pointed to by my-list(12345)

user=>(def my-new-list (conj my-list 100))

user=> my-new-list(10012345)

user=>(cons200 my-new-list);(cons makes a new list, (conj will make a new object of the same type as the one it is given(20010012345)

user=>(def my-vec[123456])

user=>(conj my-vec300);adding to a vector always adds to the end of the vector[123456300]

An array is simply a sequence of memory addresses. If we have an array beginning at address ary, we can access element n{\displaystyle n} (zero-indexed) using an instruction of the form LDA ary+n (or STA ary+n, ADD ary+n, SUB ary+n). Generating this instruction will often involve the use of self-modifying code: we start with an instruction like LDA ary, add n{\displaystyle n} to it, store it back, and execute it.

It is often convenient to be able to iterate through an array—which means knowing where the array ends. There are two easy ways to do this: fixed-length arrays and zero-terminated arrays. As an illustration, we shall find the sum of an array of the first ten positive integers using each technique.

This example creates a static and dynamic array, asks for a series of numbers storing them in the static one, puts in the dynamic one the numbers in reverse order, concatenates the number in two single string variables and display those strings in a popup window.

array int[0]; // Array declared without elements.
array.appendElement(11); // Add an element to the array and provide a value at the samen time.
array.appendElement(new int{}); // Add an element with the correct type, but without a value.
array[2] = 18; // Set the value of the added element.
SysLib.writeStdout(array[1]);
SysLib.writeStdout(array[2]);

-- in Eiffel static arrays can be resized in three ways my_static_array.force("c", 51)-- forces 'c' in position 51 and resizes the array to that size (now 51 places) my_static_array.automatic_grow-- adds 50% more indices (having now 76 places) my_static_array.grow(100)-- resizes the array to 100 placesend

If dynamic arrays are needed, it is possible to use the .NET class System.Collections.Generic.List<'T> which is aliased as Microsoft.FSharp.Collections.ResizeArray<'T>:

>let arr =new ResizeArray<int>();;val arr : ResizeArray<int>> arr.Add(42);;val it : unit=()> arr.[0];;val it : int=42> arr.[0]<-13;;val it : unit=()> arr.[0];;val it : int=13> arr.[1];;> System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException: Index was out of range. Must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection.Parameter name: index ...> arr;;val it : ResizeArray<int>=seq[13]

[*] All runtime library array procedures take and produce Integer values for subscripts and indexes.
The actual limits will vary (smaller) with the number of dimensions, element size, storage location and/or platform.

Every Data Type that is allowed in FreeBASIC can be used for an array. (Integer, Double, String, UDT etc.)

Static Specifies static storage arrays; they are allocated at program startup and deallocated upon exit.
Shared makes module-level array's visible inside Subs and Functions.
Dim fixed length.
ReDim variable length.
Preserve can only be used With ReDim. If the array is resized, data is not reset but is preserved.
Erase statement to erase arrays, clear the elements.

Fixed length array are created in the stack Space, if this space is to small the compiler will issue a warning. "Array too large for stack, consider making it var-len or Shared"
You can make the array var-len by using Redim or use Dim Shared instead of Dim.

By default the bounds check is off, you can add the checks by adding the command line option -exx.(will slow the program down)

DimSharedAsUByte u(0To3)' make a shared array of UByte with 4 elements

DimAsUInteger pow()' make a variable length array' you must Dim the array before you can use ReDimReDim pow(num)' pow now has 1 elementpow(num) = 10' lets fill it with 10 and print itPrint" The value of pow(num) = "; pow(num)

ReDimPreserve pow(3To7)' the first five elements will be preserved, not elements 3 to 7PrintPrint" The lower bound is now"; LBound(pow);_" and the upper bound is"; UBound(pow)Print" Pow now has"; UBound(pow) - LBound(pow) +1; " elements"PrintFor i AsInteger = LBound(pow)ToUBound(pow)Print pow(i),NextPrint : Print

'erase the variable length arrayErase powPrint" The lower bound is now"; LBound(pow);_" and the upper bound is "; UBound(pow)Print" If the lower bound is 0 and the upper bound is -1 it means,"Print" that the array has no elements, it's completely removed"Print : Print

Erase dPrint" We have erased array d"Print" The first dimension has a lower bound of"; LBound(d);_" and a upper bound of"; UBound(d)Print" The second dimension has a lower bound of"; LBound(d,2);_" and a upper bound of"; UBound(d,2)PrintFor i AsInteger = 1To2 : For j AsInteger = 1To5Print d(i,j);" ";Next : NextPrintPrint" The elements self are left untouched but there content is set to 0"

The first dimension has a lower bound of 1 and a upper bound of 2
The second dimension has a lower bound of 1 and a upper bound of 5
The value of pow(num) = 10
Pow now has 11 elements
The value of pow(num) = 0, should be 0
0 1 4 9 16
25 36 49 64 81
100
The lower bound is now 3 and the upper bound is 7
Pow now has 5 elements
0 1 4 9 16
The lower bound is now 0 and the upper bound is -1
If the lower bound is 0 and the upper bound is -1 it means,
that the array has no elements, it completely removed
Display the contents of the array d
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
We have erased array d
The first dimension has a lower bound of 1 and a upper bound of 2
The second dimension has a lower bound of 1 and a upper bound of 5
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
The elements self are left untouched but there content is set to 0

Multidimensional regular arrays are a built-in datatype in Futhark. They can be written as array literals:

[1, 2, 3]

Or created by an assortment of built-in functions:

replicate 5 3 == [3,3,3,3,3]iota 5 = [0,1,2,3,4]

Uniqueness types are used to permit in-place updates without violating referential transparency. For example, we can write a function that writes an element to a specific index of an array as such:

fun update(as: *[]int, i: int, x: int): []int = let as[i] = x in x

Semantically the update function returns a new array, but the compiler is at liberty to re-use the memory where array as is stored, rather than create a copy as is normally needed in pure languages. Whenever the compiler encounters a call update(as,i,x), it checks that the as is not used again. This prevents the in-place update from being observable, except through the return value of modify.

// a slice references an underlying array s := a[:4]// this does not allocate new array space. fmt.Println("s =", s)

// slices have runtime established length and capacity, but len() and// cap() are built in to the compiler and have overhead more like// variable access than function call. fmt.Println("len(s) =",len(s)," cap(s) =",cap(s))

// slices can be resliced, as long as there is space// in the underlying array. s = s[:5] fmt.Println("s =", s)

// s still based on a a[0]=22 fmt.Println("a =", a) fmt.Println("s =", s)

Graphical User Interface Support Script does not have variables or array storage of its own. However, it can make use of installed applications, so it is possible to utilize an installed spreadsheet application to create and manipulate arrays. Here we assume that a spreadsheet is installed and create an array containing three names:

"An array, once dimensioned, cannot be re-dimensioned within the program without first executing a CLEAR or ERASE statement."
(GW-BASIC User's Guide)

10DATA0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,920DIM A(9)' Array with size 10 (9 is maximum subscript), all elements are set to 030FOR I =0TO940READ A(I)' Initialize by reading data50NEXT I60PRINT A(4)' Get 4th element of array70 A(4)=400' Set 4th element of array80PRINT A(4)

Harbour arrays aren't divided to fixed-length and dynamic. Even if we declare it with a certain dimensions, it can be resized in the same way as it was created dynamically. The first position in an array is 1, not 0, as in some other languages.

Items, including nested arrays, can be added to existing array, deleted from it, assigned to it

// Adding new item to array, its size is incremented AAdd( arr1,{"LBASE","L",1,0})// Delete the first item of arr3, The size of arr3 remains the same, all items are shifted to one position, the last item is replaced by Nil:ADel( arr1,1)// Assigning a value to array item arr3[1,1,1]:=11.4

Retrieve items of an array:

x := arr3[1,10,2]// The retrieved item can be nested array, in this case it isn't copied, the pointer to it is assigned

There is a set of functions to manage arrays in Clipper, including the following:

# list slicing# the unusual nature of the slice - returning 1 less element than might be expected# in many languages - is best understood if you imagine indexes as pointing to BEFORE# the item of interest. When a slice is made, the elements between the two points are# collected. eg in the A[3 : 6] sample, it will get the elements between the [ ] marks## sample list: 10 20 [30 40 50] 60 70 80 90 100# positive indexes: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11# non-positive indexes: -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0## I have deliberately drawn the indexes between the positions of the values.# The nature of this indexing brings simplicity to string operations## list slicing can also use non-positive indexes to access values from the right.# The final index of 0 shown above shows how the end of the list can be nominated# without having to know it's length## NOTE: list slices are distinct lists, so assigning to the slice# or a member of the slice does not change the values in A## Another key fact to understand: once the non-positive indexes and length-offsets are# resolved to a simple positive index, the index pair (if two are given) are swapped# if necessary to yield the elements between the two.# S := A[3:6]# S is [30, 40, 50] S := A[6:3]# S is [30, 40, 50] not illegal or erroneous S := A[-5:-8]# S is [30, 40, 50] S := A[-8:-5]# S is [30, 40, 50] also legal and meaningful

Dynamic arrays can be made using Lists. Leave generics out for Java versions under 1.5:

ArrayList<Integer> list = newArrayList<Integer>();//optionally add an initial size as an argumentlist.add(5);//appends to the end of the listlist.add(1, 6);//assigns the element at index 1System.out.println(list.get(0));

JavaScript arrays are Objects that inherit from Array prototype and have a special length property that is always one higher than the highest non–negative integer index. Methods inherited from Array.prototype are mostly generic and can be applied to other objects with a suitable length property and numeric property names.
Note that if the Array constructor is provided with one argument, it is treated as specifying the length of the new array, if more than one argument is supplied, they are treated as members of the new array.

// Create a new array with length 0var myArray =newArray();

// Create a new array with length 5var myArray1 =newArray(5);

// Create an array with 2 members (length is 2) var myArray2 =newArray("Item1","Item2");

// Create an array with 2 members using an array literalvar myArray3 =["Item1","Item2"];

// Assign a value to member [2] (length is now 3)myArray3[2]=5;

var x = myArray[2]+ myArray.length;// 8

// You can also add a member to an array with the push function (length is now 4)myArray3.push('Test');

// Elisions are supported, but are buggy in some implementationsvar y =[0,1,,];// length 3, or 4 in buggy implementations

jq arrays have the same syntax as JSON arrays, and there are similarities with Javascript arrays. For example, the index origin is 0; and if a is an array and if n is an integer less than the array's length, then a[n] is the n-th element. The length of any array, a, can be ascertained using the length filter: a|length.

There are, however, some interesting extensions, e.g. [][4] = null creates an array of length 5 as explained below.

# Create a new array with length 0[]

# Create a new array of 5 nulls[][4] = null # setting the element at offset 4 expands the array

# Create an array having the elements 1 and 2 in that order [1,2]

# Create an array of integers from 0 to 10 inclusive[ range(0; 11) ]

# If a is an array (of any length), update it so that a[2] is 5a[2] = 5;

# Append arrays a and ba + b

# Append an element, e, to an array aa + [e]

################################################### In the following, a is assumed to be [0,1,2,3,4]

# It is not an error to use an out-of-range index:a[10] # => null

# Negative indices count backwards from after the last element:a[-1] # => 4

This image is a VI Snippet, an executable image of LabVIEW code. The LabVIEW version is shown on the top-right hand corner. You can download it, then drag-and-drop it onto the LabVIEW block diagram from a file browser, and it will appear as runnable, editable code.

Lasso Array [1] objects store zero or more elements and provide random access to those elements by position. Positions are 1-based integers. Lasso Arrays will grow as needed to accommodate new elements. Elements can be inserted and removed from arrays at any position. However, inserting an element anywhere but at the end of an array results in all subsequent elements being moved down.

// Create a new empty arraylocal(array1) = array

// Create an array with 2 members (#myarray->size is 2) local(array1) = array('ItemA','ItemB')

Lasso also supports Static Arrays[2]. A Lasso staticarray is a container object that is not resizable. Staticarrays are created with a fixed size. Objects can be reassigned within the staticarray, but new positions cannot be added or removed.

Arrays of less than 10 terms need not be dimensioned.
Arrays may only be 1D or 2D.
An empty numeric array term returns '0'. Empty string array terms ="".
'redim'ming allows the array size to be extended, but all existing values are lost.
DATA is READ into variables. It cannot be READ directly into arrays.
To fill arrays with DATA items, first READ the item into a variable, then use that variable to fill an index of the array.

Lua does not differentiate between arrays, lists, sets, dictionaries, maps, etc. It supports only one container: Table. Using Lua's simple yet powerful syntax, any of these containers can be emulated. All tables are dynamic. If a static array is necessary, that behavior can be created.

l ={}l[1]=1-- Index starts with 1, not 0.l[0]='zero'-- But you can use 0 if you wantl[10]=2-- Indexes need not be continuousl.a =3-- Treated as l['a']. Any object can be used as indexl[l]= l -- Again, any object can be used as an index. Even other tablesfor i,v innext,l doprint(i,v)end

Variables are not typed until they are initialized. So, if you want to create an array you simply assign a variable name the value of an array. Also, memory is managed by MATLAB so an array can be expanded, resized, and have elements deleted without the user dealing with memory. Array elements can be retrieved in two ways. The first way is to input the row and column indicies of the desired elements. The second way is to input the subscript of the array elements.

The example below creates a multi-dimensional array (a 3-element array of 4-element arrays), initialized using the values returned by the function sequence (a list containing whole numbers from 1 to 12) and stores the newly created array in a variable called myarray. The return value of the set function is the array.

// NSArrays are immutable; it does have a mutable subclass, however - NSMutableArray.// Let's instantiate one with a mutable copy of our array.// We can do this by sending our first array a -mutableCopy message.NSMutableArray*secondArray =[firstArray mutableCopy];

// Display the first object in the array.NSLog(@"%@", [secondArray objectAtIndex:0]);

// In non-ARC or non-GC environments, retained objects must be released later.[firstArray release];[secondArray release];

// There is also a modern syntax which allows convenient creation of autoreleased immutable arrays.// No nil termination is then needed.NSArray*thirdArray = @[@"Hewey", @"Louie", @"Dewey", @1, @2, @3 ];

The above Array class supports only one-dimensional arrays (vectors) with positive integer indexes.
Much more powerful are stems such as a.i.j where i and j can be any string value.
See category REXX for details.
ooRexx introduces a notation a.[x,y] where x and y can actually be expressions.
This way one can implement one- and multidimensional (associative) arrays.
The indexes can be strings containing any characters including blanks.
The total length of the stemmed variable (stem and index values separated by periods) must
not be longer than 250.

In Phix, sequences are it - there are no other data structures to learn.

Arrays, multidimensional arrays, lists, stacks, queues, trees, etc. and even character
strings can all be easily represented in Phix with sequences. They can grow or shrink
without any need to worry about memory management issues.

Prolog Terms can be abused as array structure. Using
functor/3 to create arrays and arg/3 to nondestructively
retrieve and set elements.

singleassignment:-functor(Array,array,100),% create a term with 100 free Variables as arguments% index of arguments start at 1arg(1,Array,a),% put an a at position 1 arg(12,Array,b),% put an b at position 12arg(1,Array,Value1),% get the value at position 1 print(Value1),nl,% will print Value1 and therefore a followed by a newline arg(4,Array,Value2),% get the value at position 4 which is a free Variable print(Value2),nl.% will print that it is a free Variable followed by a newline

To destructively set an array element, which is the "normal" way to set an element in most other
programming languages, setarg/3 can be used.

destructive:-functor(Array,array,100),% create a term with 100 free Variables as arguments% index of arguments start at 1 setarg(1,Array,a),% put an a at position 1 setarg(12,Array,b),% put an b at position 12 setarg(1, Array,c),% overwrite value at position 1 with carg(1,Array,Value1),% get the value at position 1 print(Value1),nl.% will print Value1 and therefore c followed by a newline

Lists can be used as arrays.

listvariant:- length(List,100),% create a list of length 100 nth1(1,List,a),% put an a at position 1 , nth1/3 uses indexing from 1, nth0/3 from 0 nth1(12,List,b),% put an b at position 3 append(List,[d],List2),% append an d at the end , List2 has 101 elements length(Add,10),% create a new list of length 10 append(List2,Add,List3),% append 10 free variables to List2 , List3 now has 111 elements nth1(1,List3,Value),% get the value at position 1 print(Value),nl.% will print out a

Dim is used to create new arrays and initiate each element will be zero. An array in PureBasic can be of any types, including structured, and user defined types. Once an array is defined it can be resized with ReDim. Arrays are dynamically allocated which means than a variable or an expression can be used to size them.

ReDim is used to 'resize' an already declared array while preserving its content. The new size can be both larger or smaller, but the number of dimension of the array can not be changed after initial creation.

However this will not work as intended if one tries to generalize from the syntax:

myArray =[[0]* width] * height]# DOES NOT WORK AS INTENDED!!!

This creates a list of "height" number of references to one list object ... which is a list of width instances of the number zero. Due to the differing semantics of immutables (strings, numbers) and mutables (dictionaries, lists), a change to any one of the "rows" will affect the values in all of them. Thus we need to ensure that we initialize each row with a newly generated list.

To initialize a list of lists one could use a pair of nested list comprehensions like so:

myArray =[[0for x inrange(width)]for y inrange(height)]

That is equivalent to:

myArray =list()for x inrange(height): myArray.append([0] * width)

To retrieve an element in an array, use any of the following methods:

# Retrieve an element directly from the array.item =array[index]

# Use the array like a stack. Note that using the pop() method removes the element.array.pop()# Pop last item in a listarray.pop(0)# Pop first item in a list

# Using a negative element counts from the end of the list.item =array[-1]# Retrieve last element in a list.

Python produces an IndexError when accessing elements out of range:

try:# This will cause an exception, which will then be caught.printarray[len(array)]exceptIndexErroras e:# Print the exception. print e

a.1 = 1000a.2 = 2000.0001a.7 = 7000a.2012 = 'out here in left field.'a.cat = 'civet, but not a true cat ─── belonging to the family Viverridae'a.civet = "A.K.A.: toddycats"/*┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ Array elements need not be continuous (nor even defined). They │ │ can hold any manner of numbers, or strings (which can include any │ │ characters, including null or '00'x characters). │ │ │ │ Array elements need not be numeric, as the above code demonstrates.│ │ Indeed, the element "name" can be ANYTHING, even non-displayable │ │ characters. To illustrate [↓]: │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘*/stuff=')g.u.t.s( or ½ of an intestine!'a.stuff=44/*┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ where the element name has special characters: blanks, and the │ │ glyph of one-half (½), as well as the symbol used in REXX to │ │ identify stemmed arrays (the period). │ └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘*//*stick a fork in it, we're done.*/

Arrays are not used often in Scala, since they are mutable and act differently to other collections with respect to type erasure, but are necessary for interoperability with Java. Alternatives such as List, Seq, and Vector are more commonly used.

// Create a new integer array with capacity 10val a =new Array[Int](10)

By default array indices have the type integer and start from 1.
Other index types and start values are also possible.
E.g.: The famous arrays with indices starting from 0 are possible.
Every type, which can be mapped to integer, can be used as index type.

The vector protorype represents a fixed size array with polymorphic contents. Vector indexing is zero based.
Fixed size means that once created it is expensive (although not strictly impossible) to resize it. If resizable sequenced collections are wanted, the 'sequence' prototype can be used.

Creating simple vectors:

vector copySize: 100

vector copySize: 100 FillingWith: anObject

A polymorphic vector:

(1 & 'Hello' & 2.0 & someObject) asVector

Using a vector:

|v|"creates an vector that holds up to 20 elements"v: vector copySize: 20."access the first element"v first printLine."access the 10th element"(v at: 9) printLine."put 100 as second value"vat: 1 Put: 100.

|s|"creates a new sequence"s: sequence copyRemoveAll."add an element"s addLast: 'Hello'."access the first element"s first printLine."remove the first element"s removeFirst."Check size"s size printLine.

The Array class represents fixed size vectors with polymorphic contents. Array indexing is ONE-based.
Fixed size means, that once created it is expensive (although not strictly impossible), to resize it (not strictly impossible because we could allocate a new array and #become that the old one).
Most Smalltalks also provide element type restricted arrays, which are tuned (usually space-wise) for particular elements. For example: ByteArray, IntegerArray, LongIntegerArray, FloatArray or DoubleArray. Instances of them are also used to pass bulk data in and out of FFI calls (for example, for OpenGL). Also Strings can be seen as arrays of characters. All collection classes share a rich common protocol, which includes enumeration, stream converting, concatenation, copying, replacing, searching etc.

Finally, there is OrderedCollection, which behaves similar to Array, but allows for the number of elements to be changed (i.e. elements can be added and removed later). Usually, adding/removing at either end is cheap, so they can be used to implement stacks and queues.

Literal Arrays (Array constants):

#(123'four'5.0truefalsenil(1020) $a)

a polymorphic array containing integers, a string, a float, booleans, a nil, another array with integers and a character constant.

Programatic use:

|array|"creates an array that holds up to 20 elements"array:=Array new: 20 ."access the first element: array base is 1"(array at: 1) displayNl."put 100 as second value; you can put any object, in particular SmallInteger"array at: 2 put: 100."initialize an array from a 'constant' given array"array:=Array withAll: #('an''apple''a''day''keeps''the''doctor''away')."Replacing apple with orange"array at: 2 put: 'orange'.

"assigning values to an array""suppose array is bound to an array of 20 values"array at: 5 put: 'substitute fifth element'.

At the machine level, an array is a block of sequential storage addresses. Modern computer architectures support arrays through indexed addressing, where the contents of a particular register can be used to provide an offset from some specified address. A program to find the sum of a four-element array beginning at address array might look, in pseudocode, like this:

On a machine like the SSEM, which has only one addressing mode and only one general-purpose register (the accumulator or c), we can achieve the same things using instruction arithmetic—also known as self-modifying code. Since an instruction that refers to address n+1{\displaystyle n+1} can be obtained by adding one to an instruction that refers to address n{\displaystyle n}, the pseudocode to find the sum of a four-element array (and store it at address sum, which we assume initially holds zero) becomes:

We are now in a position to translate this algorithm into SSEM instructions and run it. As always, the SSEM version is a bit fiddlier than the pseudocode because the SSEM has no load or add instructions; but it follows the pseudocode as closely as the instruction set allows, so it should be comparatively readable. As a test, we shall sum an array of the first four positive integers—a very significant operation for the Pythagoreans of old—and halt with the accumulator holding the result.

// Arrays are typed in Swift, however, using the Any object we can add any type. Swift does not support fixed length arraysvar anyArray = [Any]()anyArray.append("foo") // Adding to an ArrayanyArray.append(1) // ["foo", 1]anyArray.removeAtIndex(1) // Remove objectanyArray[0] = "bar" // ["bar"]]

In TI-83 BASIC there are two sequenced data types: Lists and Matrices.
List
One dimensional arrays are lists, they can be set as a whole with the syntax:

{1,2,3,4,5}→L1

using only numerical values separated by commas and enclosed by curly braces.
Lists can be accessed as a whole using L1-L6 or a custom list name
using the L command in the "OPS" section of the "LIST" menu (2nd STAT (Right Arrow) B).
You can also retrieve a single value from a list using the name of the list and
the position of the value, which starts at 1 on the left.

{1,2,3,4,5}→L1Disp L1(3)0→L1(4)

This would return 3 and set the fourth list element to 0.
You can dynamically define or delete lists by:

20→dim(L1)DelVar L15→dim(∟MYLIST)DelVar ∟MYLIST

Matrix
Two dimensional arrays are matrices. Similar, set them and retrieve numbers using the syntax:

[[11,21,31,41][12,22,32,42][13,23,33,43]]→[A]Disp [A](1,3)0→[A](4,2)

This would return 13 and set the element (4,2) to 0.
You can dynamically define or delete matrices by:

In the pattern matching language, there are no list literals. A list like ("a" "b" "c") is actually being evaluated, as can be seen in a directive such as @(bind (a b) (c "d")) where (c "d") is a list consisting of the value of variable c and the string "d". This is subject to destructuring and the two values are assigned to the variables a and b

Lists can be implicitly produced using pattern matching. Lists and vectors can be constructed using the functions of TXR Lisp. (vector 3) creates a vector of length three, whose elements are initialized to nil. (list 1 2 3) constructs the list (1 2 3).

The [] notation performs positional indexing on lists and arrays, which are both zero-based (element zero is the first element). Negative indices work from the tail of the list, whereby -1 denotes the last element of a sequence which has at least one element. Out of bounds access to arrays throws exceptions, but out of bounds access to lists produces nil. Out-of-bounds assignments are not permitted for either data type.

Array range notation (slices) are supported, for both arrays and lists. An array range is a pair object denoted a .. b,
which is a syntactic sugar for (cons a b). Therefore, a range constitutes a single argument in the bracket notation (allowing for straightforward future extension to multi-dimensional arrays indexing and slicing).

x=${#alist[*]}# start with the number of items in the arraywhile[[$x>0]]; do# while there are items left : $((x--))# decrement first, because indexing is zero-basedecho"Item $x = ${alist[$x]}"# show the current itemdone

To append to an array, use the current number of items in the array as the next index:

alist[${#alist[*]}]=new_item

To make appending easier, use a little shell function, let's call it "push", and design it to allow appending multiple values, while also preserving quoted values:

'Example of array of 10 int types: Dim numbers AsInteger()=NewInteger(0){}'Example of array of 4 string types: Dim words AsString()={"hello", "world", "from", "mars"}'You can also declare the size of the array and initialize the values at the same time: Dim more_numbers AsInteger()=NewInteger(2){21, 14, 63}

'For Multi-Dimensional arrays you declare them the same except for a comma in the type declaration. 'The following creates a 3x2 int matrix Dim number_matrix AsInteger(,)=NewInteger(2, 1){}

'As with the previous examples you can also initialize the values of the array, the only difference being each row in the matrix must be enclosed in its own braces. Dim string_matrix AsString(,)={{"I", "swam"}, {"in", "the"}, {"freezing", "water"}}'orDim funny_matrix AsString(,)=NewString(1, 1){{"clowns", "are"}, {"not", "funny"}}

Arrays in assembly are a reference to anything, from groups of data such as f/uArray to strings like _msg's or sArray.
Mutlidimentional arrays don't exist in assembly. To make a reference to one from assembly, we use a format as such. "row * r_len + column * member_size".

include c:\cxpl\codes;char A(10); \creates a static array of 10 bytes, pointed to by "A"char B; \declares a variable for a pointer to a dynamic array[A(3):= 14;B:= Reserve(10); \reserve 10 bytes and point to their starting addressB(7):= 28;IntOut(0, A(3)+B(7)); \displays 42]