The Different Periodic Tables of Dmitrii MendeleevMichael LaingBetween 1869 and 1905 the Russian chemist Dmitrii Mendeleev published several tables with different arrangements of the chemical elements. Four of these are compared with periodic tables by Russian scientists from 1934 and 1969.Laing, Michael. J. Chem. Educ.2008, 85, 63.

Update on Carcinogens for Chemical Information Laboratory ProfilesJay A. YoungThe recently published 11th edition of the Report on Carcinogens contains two lists of compounds, titled Known To Be Human Carcinogens and Reasonably Anticipated To Be a Human Carcinogen. There are several new compounds in those lists, including lead, lead compounds, and naphthalene.Young, Jay A. J. Chem. Educ.2006, 83, 384.

Are Fizzing Drinks Boiling? A Chemical Insight from Chemical Education ResearchAlan GoodwinThe suggestion that fizzing drinks are examples of liquids boiling at room temperature has proved to be controversial among both chemists and chemical educators. This paper presents a case for believing this everyday system to be a good example of a boiling solution and the consequent separation of carbon dioxide from the solution to exemplify fractional distillation. Goodwin, Alan. J. Chem. Educ.2001, 78, 385.

Aqueous Solution Chemistry |

Kinetic-Molecular Theory |

Equilibrium |

Gases |

Solutions / Solvents |

Phases / Phase Transitions / Diagrams

More Than Meets the Eye: Nonvisual Observations in ChemistryAn adaptation of an acid-base reaction generating carbon dioxide gas that allows blind students to observe the results. This activity is intended to show sighted students that gathering all the information available in the chemistry laboratory will engage all of their senses.J. Chem. Educ.2000, 77, 1104A.

Acids / Bases

Microscale Transformations of Some Lead Compounds. A Cycle for Lead Minimizing the Production of WastesFrancisco J. Arnáiz and María R. PedrosaThis set of basic experiments emphasizes that toxic products can be conveniently studied by using a combination of microscale techniques and simple schemes to recycle wastes. Here we propose a basic cycle for lead involving the consecutive transformation of lead(II) acetate to lead(II) formate, lead powder, and lead(II) oxide, with special emphasis on minimizing the production of wastes. Arniz, Francisco J.; Pedrosa, Mara R. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 1687.

Synthesis |

Microscale Lab

Service-Learning General Chemistry: Lead Paint AnalysesLaya Kesner and Edward M. EyringIn a service-learning general chemistry class, students disseminate information about this health threat in an older neighborhood. At some of the homes they collect paint samples that they analyze for lead both qualitatively and quantitatively. This service-learning experience generates enthusiasm for general chemistry through the process of working on a "real" problem. Kesner, Laya; Eyring, Edward M. J. Chem. Educ.1999, 76, 920.

Toxicology |

Applications of Chemistry |

Qualitative Analysis |

Quantitative Analysis

A Precise Method for Determining the CO2 Content of Carbonate MaterialsDonald L. Pile, Alana S. Benjamin, Klaus S. Lackner, Christopher H. Wendt, and Darryl P. ButtThe design and use of a buret apparatus for CO2 gas capture and mass determination are described. The derivation of a comprehensive equation to determine the CO2 mass and percent carbonation of the material is outlined. Experimental factors such as temperature and pressure, including elevation effects, and apparatus parameters are discussed and incorporated into one general equation.Pile, Donald L.; Benjamin, Alana S.; Lackner, Klaus S.; Wendt, Christopher H.; Butt, Darryl P. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 1610.

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus |

Gases |

Quantitative Analysis

Lead GlobulesFrancisco J. Arnáiz and Maria R. PedrosaReaction of plumbate solutions with aluminum. A variety of lead films can be formed depending on the conditions. The method we describe permits obtaining a large lead globule in less than 1 minute.Arnáiz, Francisco J.; Pedrosa, Maria R. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 1431.

Qualitative Analysis |

Oxidation / Reduction

Experimentally Determining the Molar Mass of Carbon Dioxide Using a Mylar BalloonBarbara Albers Jackson and David J. CrouseThe molar mass of carbon dioxide was experimentally determined using a Mylar balloon. Mylar balloons are lightweight, have a fixed definite volume, and require minimal additional pressure for inflation. Using the Ideal Gas Equation, the number of moles of air in the balloon was calculated. Jackson, Barbara Albers; Crouse, David J. J. Chem. Educ.1998, 75, 997.

An Improved Container for Solutions of Yellow PhosphorousStephen W. WrightThis short article suggests the use of the Sure/Pac cylinder system as an alternative to glass stoppered bottles for the storage of solutions of yellow phosphorous in carbon dioxide.Wright, Stephen W. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 818.

Laboratory Equipment / Apparatus

The Comparative Performance of Batteries: The Lead-Acid and the Aluminum-Air CellsXavier LeRoux, Gerry A. Ottewill, and Frank C. WalshAn experimental program designed to convey, to students aged 16 through undergraduate, the principles of battery electrochemistry through a comparative study of two different systems, the lead acid cell and aluminum air cell, is described. LeRoux, Xavier; Ottewill, Gerry A.; Walsh, Frank C. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 811.

Homeowner's Test for Lead in the PaintThomas ReesThis article describes a simple method for determining whether there is lead in paint using stink bombs.Thomas Rees J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 670.

Qualitative Analysis

Testing for Lead in the EnvironmentKaren A. SundbackThis experiment tests for the presence of lead in items such as paint and crystal glass. It is targeted towards students with a minimal amount of laboratory technique.Karen A. Sundback. J. Chem. Educ.1996, 73, 669.

Chemistry of Carbon Compounds, Third Editionreviewed by Alan R. MorganTextbook for senior high school and beginning college-level students that presents a comprehensive overview of organic chemistry and introduction to biochemistry.Morgan, Alan R. J. Chem. Educ.1995, 72, A246.

The geochemistry of coal. Part II. The components of coalSchobert, Harold H.The formation of peat represents the end of the biochemical phase of coalification. The subsequent events are referred to as the geochemical phase, or metamorphosis.Schobert, Harold H. J. Chem. Educ.1989, 66, 290.

Natural Products |

Geochemistry

Experimental work with tin(II) chloride in a high school Sanchez, Manuela MartinThe author describes a final-project performed by students that integrates concepts of hydrolysis, Le Chatelier's principle, and electrolysis. Students seek answers to questions such as: "What reactions were involved; why is an aqueous solution of SnCl2 acidic; how can elemental tin be recovered from the system?" Sanchez, Manuela Martin J. Chem. Educ.1988, 65, 898.

A very rapidly growing silicate crystalPhillips, Donald B.The extremely rapid growth of this crystal is made even more dramatic when shown by an overhead projector.Phillips, Donald B. J. Chem. Educ.1988, 65, 453.

Preparation of PbI2 from galenaNechamkin, Howard; Dumas, PhilipThe preparation of lead iodide from lead sulfide has several advantages: this note is the procedure performed by students with questions they are expected to answer.Nechamkin, Howard; Dumas, Philip J. Chem. Educ.1978, 55, 601.

The dissolution of tin in solutions of iodineDavies, J. F.; Trotman-Dickenson, A. F.The progress of this reaction can be followed by the loss of weight of a tin disc.Davies, J. F.; Trotman-Dickenson, A. F. J. Chem. Educ.1966, 43, 483.

Non-existent compoundsDasent, W. E.The purpose of this review is to examine compounds that do not violate the rules of valence but which are nevertheless characterized by a high degree of instability, and to consider why these structures are unstable or non-existent.Dasent, W. E. J. Chem. Educ.1963, 40, 130.

Molecular Properties / Structure |

Covalent Bonding

The physical and chemical character of graphiteTee, Peter A. H.; Tonge, Brian L.Examines the physical and chemical character of graphite, its occurrence and manufacture, and uses and future applications.Tee, Peter A. H.; Tonge, Brian L. J. Chem. Educ.1963, 40, 117.

Physical Properties

The growth of lead trees in silicic acid gelsHurd, Charles B.; Lamareaux, Harry F.The fact that more active metals, such as zinc and cadmium, will replace lead in solutions of lead salts is well known; it is not so well known that the lead deposited will form an attractive, tree-like growth, particularly if supported in a gel. Hurd, Charles B.; Lamareaux, Harry F. J. Chem. Educ.1959, 36, 472.

Electrochemistry

The chemistry of silicic acidGreenberg, S. A.This article attempts to address the many incorrect concepts regarding silicic acid that still appear in textbooks and the literature.Greenberg, S. A. J. Chem. Educ.1959, 36, 218.

Acids / Bases

Textbook errors: XV. MiscellaneaMysels, Karol J.Textbooks errors considered include the solubility of acetates, the effect of light on reactions, tetrahedral carbon, the production of aluminum, and fumaric acid.Mysels, Karol J. J. Chem. Educ.1958, 35, 32.

Letters to the editorSastry, K. R. KrishnaSilicon crucibles should not be used with magnesium or calcium as some of the metal reacts with the silicon to form the silicide.Sastry, K. R. Krishna J. Chem. Educ.1957, 34, 155.

Laboratory Management

The use of colloidal graphite for laboratory demonstrationsSmith, Edward A.Examines the shape of graphite particles, the electrical properties of colloids, the coagulation of colloids, graphite and magnetic orientation, and the electrical conductivity of graphite.Smith, Edward A. J. Chem. Educ.1956, 33, 600.

Lecture demonstrations with siliconesSpalding, David P.Offers a series of demonstrations designed to illustrate some of the basic properties of the silicones that make them unusual substances, including their resistance to high and low temperatures, unusual surface properties, and chemical inertness.Spalding, David P. J. Chem. Educ.1952, 29, 288.