THE SUPREME COURT

CIVIL LIBERTIESCITIZENSHIPAND YOU

Wall of Separation declared that the legislatureshould "make no law respecting anestablishment of religion, orprohibiting the free exercise thereof,"thus building a wall of separationbetween Church & State.

Freedom of Religion MORE THAN 90 Percent of Americansidentify with a religion. Establishment Clause States thatCongress shall make no lawrespecting an establishment ofreligion. Free Exercise Clause Prohibitsgovernment from unduly interferingwith the free exercise of religion

Clear and Present Danger Rule

Freedom of the Press

Prior Restraint Near v. Minnesota New York Times Co. v. United StatesMust be allowed to publish

Pentagon Papers

Sheppard v. Maxwell

restrictions of the press

Freedom to Assemble The Nazis in Skokie American Nazi Party in Skokie Illinois Largely Jewish Community Forced the American Nazi Party to pay$300,000 bond to get a parade permit.

Federal Appeals Court rules that no

community could use parade permits tointerfere with free speech and assembly.

Freedom to Assemble Does the Constitution require the policeto protect unpopular groups when theirdemonstrations incite violence? May the police order demonstrators todisperse in the interest of public peaceand safety? Cox v LouisianaPotentially incite Violence

- Bradenburg v Ohio-

- Upholds right to protest for unpopular groups

Rights of the Accused

Exclusionary rule: any illegallyobtained evidence cannot be used infederal court. Should criminals go free simply becausethe police made a mistake in collectingevidence?

Exclusionary Rule United States v Leon As long as the police act in good faith whenthey request a warrant, the evidence theycollect may be used in court even if thewarrant is defective

INEVITABLE DISCOVERY States that evidence obtained in violation ofa defendants rights can be used at trial

Automobiles Pg 400 California v Acevedo

Exclusionary Rule Does it apply to you at school?

Exclusionary Rule New Jersey v. T.L.O Supreme Court ruled that school officials donot need warrants or probable cause to searchstudents or their property. All that is neededare reasonable grounds to believe a search willuncover evidence that a student has brokenschool rules.

Vernonia School District 47J. V. Action

Defines citizenship as a person born

or naturalized in the United Statesand includes citizenship to not onlycountry but state of residence. Also lays the groundwork fornationalizing individual rights.

14 Amendmentth

No State shall make or enforce

any law which shall abridge theprivileges or immunities ofcitizens of the United States norshall any State deprive anyperson of life, liberty, orproperty without due process oflaw. Liberty has developed toinclude all rights of the 1st

Dred Scott v. Sandford and the 14 th

Amendment Dred Scott was an enslaved AfricanAmerican in Missouri, a slave holdingstate. Mr. Scott had also lived inIllinois a free state and theWisconsin territory, where theNorthwest Ordinance forbad slavery. Court ruled that Scott could not bringa legal suit in a federal court. 14th Amendment overruled DredScott.

Naturalization The legal process by which a person is granted therights and privileges of a citizen. 1) Applicants must have entered the United States legally 2) They must be of good moral character 3) They must declare their support of the principles ofAmerican government 4) They must prove they can read, write, and speak English 5) They must show some basic knowledge of Americanhistory and government. (Draft evaders, military deserters, polygamists, anarchists,Communists, or followers of any other totalitarian system will bedenied citizenship)