Archive for the ‘Science’ Category

Chance writes: This study is very interesting, and this why African Americans who constantly engage in negative behavioral pathologies in public — have to be careful. They constantly help give a bad reputation to the black American race, and this helps give the go head to the subconscious biases — that whites and non whites have about blacks being animal like, and bruteful in behavior. The pathologies of Black sub culture are partially responsible for why blacks are seen as ape like, and racism is the other culprit. These two combined have given certain people from other ethnic groups the go head to feel comfortable mistreating blacks. Even police officers feel comfortable mistreating blacks because they are aware of the social climate — that they may not be punished for mistreating and beating a black person. There is no justification for mistreating people because you believe they are lower than you.

Discrimination Against Blacks Linked To Dehumanization, Study Finds

Sciencedaily.com Friday February 8, 2008

Crude historical depictions of African Americans as ape-like may have disappeared from mainstream U.S. culture, but new research reveals that many Americans subconsciously associate blacks with apes.

In addition, the findings show that society is more likely to condone violence against black criminal suspects as a result of its broader inability to accept African Americans as fully human, according to the researchers.

Co-author Jennifer Eberhardt, a Stanford associate professor of psychology who is black, said she was shocked by the results, particularly since they involved subjects born after Jim Crow and the civil rights movement. "This was actually some of the most depressing work I have done," she said. "This shook me up. You have suspicions when you do the work—intuitions—you have a hunch. But it was hard to prepare for how strong [the black-ape association] was—how we were able to pick it up every time."

The paper, "Not Yet Human: Implicit Knowledge, Historical Dehumanization and Contemporary Consequences," is the result of a series of six previously unpublished studies conducted by Eberhardt, Pennsylvania State University psychologist Phillip Atiba Goff (the lead author and a former student of Eberhardt’s) and Matthew C. Jackson and Melissa J. Williams, graduate students at Penn State and Berkeley, respectively. The paper is scheduled to appear Feb. 7 in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, which is published by the American Psychological Association.

The research took place over six years at Stanford and Penn State under Eberhardt’s supervision. It involved mostly white male undergraduates. In a series of studies that subliminally flashed black or white male faces on a screen for a fraction of a second to "prime" the students, researchers found subjects could identify blurry ape drawings much faster after they were primed with black faces than with white faces.

The researchers consistently discovered a black-ape association even if the young adults said they knew nothing about its historical connotations. The connection was made only with African American faces; the paper’s third study failed to find an ape association with other non-white groups, such as Asians. Despite such race-specific findings, the researchers stressed that dehumanization and animal imagery have been used for centuries to justify violence against many oppressed groups.

"Despite widespread opposition to racism, bias remains with us," Eberhardt said. "African Americans are still dehumanized; we’re still associated with apes in this country. That association can lead people to endorse the beating of black suspects by police officers, and I think it has lots of other consequences that we have yet to uncover."

Historical background

Scientific racism in the United States was graphically promoted in a mid-19th-century book by Josiah C. Nott and George Robins Gliddon titled Types of Mankind, which used misleading illustrations to suggest that "Negroes" ranked between "Greeks" and chimpanzees. "When we have a history like that in this country, I don’t know how much of that goes away completely, especially to the extent that we are still dealing with severe racial inequality, which fuels and maintains those associations in ways that people are unaware," Eberhardt said.

Although such grotesque characterizations of African Americans have largely disappeared from mainstream U.S. society, Eberhardt noted that science education could be partly responsible for reinforcing the view that blacks are less evolved than whites. An iconic 1970 illustration, "March of Progress," published in the Time-Life book Early Man, depicts evolution beginning with a chimpanzee and ending with a white man. "It’s a legacy of our past that the endpoint of evolution is a white man," Eberhardt said. "I don’t think it’s intentional, but when people learn about human evolution, they walk away with a notion that people of African descent are closer to apes than people of European descent. When people think of a civilized person, a white man comes to mind."

Consequences of socially endorsed violence

In the paper’s fifth study, the researchers subliminally primed 115 white male undergraduates with words associated with either apes (such as "monkey," "chimp," "gorilla") or big cats (such as "lion," "tiger," "panther"). The latter was used as a control because both images are associated with violence and Africa, Eberhardt said. The subjects then watched a two-minute video clip, similar to the television program COPS, depicting several police officers violently beating a man of undetermined race. A mugshot of either a white or a black man was shown at the beginning of the clip to indicate who was being beaten, with a description conveying that, although described by his family as "a loving husband and father," the suspect had a serious criminal record and may have been high on drugs at the time of his arrest.

The students were then asked to rate how justified the beating was. Participants who believed the suspect was white were no more likely to condone the beating when they were primed with either ape or big cat words, Eberhardt said. But those who thought the suspect was black were more likely to justify the beating if they had been primed with ape words than with big cat words. "Taken together, this suggests that implicit knowledge of a Black-ape association led to marked differences in participants’ judgments of Black criminal suspects," the researchers write.

According to the paper’s authors, this link has devastating consequences for African Americans because it "alters visual perception and attention, and it increases endorsement of violence against black suspects." For example, the paper’s sixth study showed that in hundreds of news stories from 1979 to 1999 in the Philadelphia Inquirer, African Americans convicted of capital crimes were about four times more likely than whites convicted of capital crimes to be described with ape-relevant language, such as "barbaric," "beast," "brute," "savage" and "wild." "Those who are implicitly portrayed as more ape-like in these articles are more likely to be executed by the state than those who are not," the researchers write.

The way forward

Despite the paper’s findings, Eberhardt said she is optimistic about the future. "This work isn’t arguing that there hasn’t been any progress made or that we are living in the same society that existed in the 19th century," she said. "We have made a lot of progress on race issues, but we should recognize that racial bias isn’t dead. We still need to be aware of that and aware of all the different ways [racism] can affect us, despite our intentions and motivations to be egalitarian. We still have work to do."

For Eberhardt, two stories of race exist in America. "One is about the disappearance of bias—that it’s no longer with us," she said. "But the other is about the transformation of bias. It’s not the egregious bias anymore, but it’s modern bias, subtle bias." With both of these stories, she said, there is an understanding that society has moved beyond the historic battles centered around race. "We want to argue, with this work, that there is one old race battle that we’re still fighting," she said. "That is the battle for blacks to be recognized as fully human."

This research was supported by a Stanford University Dean’s Award to Jennifer Eberhardt.

Researchers at the University of Pittsburg Pennsylvania did DNA research to estimate how much has Native American ancestry contributed to the African American (black American) population genetically.

The researchers chosed 1,000 African Americans from ten cities (Maywood, Illinois; Detroit; New York; Philadelphia; Pittsburgh; Baltimore; Charleston, South Carolina; New Orleans; and Houston) to participate in the DNA experiment.

These ten cities are located in the eastern part of the United States of America. The result was that only four black Americans showed DNA markers that came from the Amerindian (Native American) haplogroup.
Therefore, based upon the results, The African American population has received very little genetic contribution from the Native American racial group. Now maybe in the southern states and western states the African American population might have more people who have Amerindian DNA markers in their genes.

But at the same time, even if this was true the reality still is -– that the majority of the African Americans don’t carry a lot of Native American DNA in their genes thus meaning that the average African American has non or only a few Native American ancestors.

If you observe the phenotypes of many African Americans you can see that the majority look non Native American mixed in phenotype (physical appearance). There currently is still a tricky situation with the African American population, and that is, the one drop rule that says if you have one drop of black blood then you are black.
The mixed race people who have some black ancestry but have skin complexion that are yellow, yellowish red, yellowish brown, beige, or whitish are currently also called black (even if some of them wish to be called mixed race they are forced into blackness by society).

There is a possibility but not a guarantee that a larger percentage of this population may have more Native American ancestry. I will say this also, that among black Americans who have dark skin and caramel brown skin and even among those who have yellow, yellowish red, yellowish brown, beige, or whitish skin that the majority of these people do not possess a large amount of Native America DNA markers. This means that the Amerindian population and African American population did not mix interracially through sexual union to a significant and high degree.

You may have some African Americans who have one or two Native American ancestors. Others may have two or three but the reality is the majority of them don’t have probably even 10 or more Native American ancestors. Some of the Native American DNA markers that show up in African Americans is the result of a white ancestor who was mixed with Native American and he or she married a black person.

If you observe the Mestizo latino populations of Mexico, South& central America and the Caribbean you will notice that in their phenotypes (physical appearance) that many of them have Aztec, Mayan, Inca, and Arawak Native American Indian ancestry.

More white Americans have Native American ancestry than the black population of America. Yes the African American population does have members who have Native American ancestry – but the number of Native Americans ancestors in their ancestry tree is not very many. Which explains why many who have Native American DNA markers don’t look similar to Native American in phenotype.

There are more African Americans mixed with white, and they look like they have white in them. Yet when you look at the African American population they don’t look even close to Native Americans in physical appearance. The reason is because they don’t have many Native American ancestors. Having 5% or 10% of some particular ancestry from another racial group is not a lot.

Blacks as a collective have lower IQs than whites and Asians, but blacks are more masculine than both whites and Asians. Blacks produce more testosterone than whites, whites produce more testosterone than Asians. It is also, a medically proven fact that black women produce more testosterone than white women, and white women produce more testosterone asian women.

The more testosterone you produce the more masculine, stronger personality, deeper voice, more muscle mass, taller in height, a presence that command respect, more sexually active, larger genital, more courage, braver, less fear, a type of charm, and a more extroverted personality. Whites producing more testosterone than Eastern Asians (the orient) therefore, have all of the above mentioned qualities (more masculine, stronger personality, deeper voice, more muscle mass, taller in height, a presence that command respect, more sexually active, a type of charm, and a more extroverted personality) more developed than Asians. But blacks as a collective have all of these characteristics more developed than whites.

(Black men produce significantly more testosterone than white men Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1986; 76: 45) and (black women produce "moderately, but significantly" more testosterone than white women Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1996; 81: 1108).

The result is, that white men feel more comfortable in the presence of Asian men because they know that they (white men) are stronger physically, stronger personalities, stronger command presence, and more extroverted. The average Asian man is less threatening and physically is less masculine in appearance. White men know that they can run the show and seldom will Asians men argue and oppose them.

Research studies have been done dealing with why many Asian women prefer white men. White men are seen as less demanding, more appreciative, better looking due to white men coming in variety of looks, higher status of being married to a white man, more extroverted personality, etc these qualities make a white man more appealing to some Asians women. Whites complement Asians on their intelligence but you can be intelligent but still not be in control. When compared to the IQ intelligence of the Asian white men make up for what they lack in IQ buy exerting their masculinity, extrovertism, and personalities.

The masculinity, extrovertism, personalities, and other characteristics that white men have trumps the higher IQs of Eastern Asian men. The masculinity of black men trumps the masculinity of white men, and white men often are intimidated by the stronger personalities, and command presence of black men. Black men who are masculine, intelligent, and educated have the best of worlds. Now I do understand that sometimes IQ trumps masculinity it all depends on the situation. Testosterone production is genetically based the more of it the better. It is only when one give way to sexual misconduct that then too much testosterone production can become destructive in society. As long as one has self control one will reap the rewards.

Estrogen And Asians

In genetic science it is a known fact, that Asian women and men also produce more estrogen than whites, blacks and other ethnic groups. Estrogen gives Asians their smooth, nearly hairless skin (for those who aren’t mixed with whites). It also explains their cultural collective consciousness for getting along for the greater good of their people. The high levels of estrogen also explains why asian women look more feminine than manuy women from other racial groups, and why asian men look more feminine than men from other racial groups. This looking more feminine plays a role in why many Asian women prefer white men, because white men look more masculine due to a higher tesstorone production. Asians also, when they get older still look younger than their age. Example an 60 year old Asian man looks 42 years old.

This higher estrogen production is the major reason why Asians are more reserved and introverted. Females produce more estrogen than men and men produce more tesoterone than women. The more estrogen the more feminine, and the more testoterone the masculine. Therefore, when men from other ethnic groups encounter asian men they seem to view asian men as less masculine in peronality and appreance. There are asian men who are the exception to the general rule. It appears that msculinity trumps higher IQs in popularity to some degree among humans. Genetic science has helped expalin the difference between racial groups when it comes to masculinity, femininity, and human behavior.

The various types of food that many east Asian men and women eat often contains (have) soy. The Soy diet that asian men and asian women have helps protect them from prostate cancer, and increases the estrogen levels in Asian men and women.

Chance: Black women produce more estrogen (female hormone) and testosterone (male hormone) hormones than women from other racial group on this planet. The more hormones a body produces the more physically stronger, sexually attractive, deeper voice, stronger personality that influnces other people around you, the more other people who produce less hormones fear you, Taller in height, stronger bones, stronger teeth, opposite sex finds you more attractive.

This makes black women very sexy and attractive to men from all racial groups – but do to factors like racism and fear of what members in ones own racial group is going to say. Many men from other racial groups generally keep their distance from black women in public. Unless they are having a sexual relationship with them undercover.

The strong personality of black women come from them having more hormones than women of other ethnic groups. Black men produce more testosterone hormones than men from other racial groups. And this is the reason why they are so feared. Black men also have stronger personalities than men from other racial group.

(Black men produce significantly more testosterone than white men
Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1986; 76: 45) and (black women
produce "moderately, but significantly" more testosterone than white
women Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1996; 81:
1108).

The more hormones your body produce the more people want to have sex with you. They can intuitively sense the power of the hormones in you because the percentage of the hormone in black men and women is high. This explains why women from all racial groups date black men even when these black men have nothing to offer. Even if the black man is negative abusive, aggressive, violent, rude, insensitive, unfaithful, etc. The hormone percentage that black men and black women produce is so high percentage wise. That it attract sexual partners no matter what racial group they belong to. Women date men based upon an emotional gut feeling when they see or meet a man.

And the more hormones a man produces this increases his chance of getting a gut reaction from a woman. The same for women the more hormones women produce percentage wise when men see them they start having deeper sexual feelings for them. And want to be with them their must be a sexual attraction in order for people to date first.

But like I say men from other racial groups hide their deeper feelings for black women because of society teaching them to date their own women. Sexual black men and black women are very compatible with each other because of the high level of hormones they produce. It is hard for men from other racial groups to rival black men sexually – often women from other racial group who date black men say – that black men are good sexual lovers. Just look at how these women keep giving black men their phone numbers.

The more hormones the more masculine the man and black women have a well developed hormone (estrogen) percentage. The high level of hormone production combined with femininity makes black women very sexy. Black women being females already have the feminine side developed; the high level of hormone production makes them more masculine and this is a blessing from GOD.

So black women with femininity combined masculinity are very well balanced. Now black women need to be careful and make sure that they don’t become too masculine in behavior and personality.
Because this is a turn off for men yes, it is, generally true that men don’t find women who are too masculine in personality very attractive.

They will have sex with them but the majority of these will never marry a woman who is too masculine in personality. Men are supposed to have their feminine side developed – just like men already have their masculine side developed.

But the majority of men only have their masculine side developed – and this is why men are not as compassionate as women. Compassion, love, sympathy, etc comes from the feminine side – and Protection, strength, provider, etc comes from the masculine side. All women have some testosterone (male hormone) in them and all men have some estrogen (female hormone) in them.

Unmasculine men

A man must make sure that he does not become too feminine in behavior and personality why? Because this is a turn off to the average heterosexual woman. She will not date or marry a heterosexual man who is too feminine in nature. Some women do marry men, who are too feminine in nature, but the majority will not they will have him as a friend but not a husband.

Black women are blessed because they produce a high level of hormones. And the more hormone percentage the stronger the personality and a stronger personality will influence a weaker personality. This explains why where ever you find black people in large numbers in any country their personalities are so strong. That their black culture will influence the behavior of the people from the other ethnic groups in unique way.

Black women And Emotions

It is a medically and genetically proven fact that hormones influence emotions; and the more hormones a person produce the more emotional they are. This explains why black women become very attached to the men they date or marry. When black women express themselves there is passion in their words, body language, voice, etc. This comes from the high level of estrogen that their bodies produce. It is good to have a high level of estrogen if you are a female. Estrogen attracts men to women like a bee is attracted to honey.

Black Women And Testosterone

Testosterone is the male hormone and women also have testosterone in them and men have estrogen in them. Every woman has both estrogen and Testosterone in them; but women have more estrogen in them than Testosterone. Now men have both Testosterone and estrogen in them; but men have more Testosterone than estrogen. Black women have more Testosterone than women from other ethnic groups and Testosterone is the male hormone.

Because black women have more Testosterone this is why they are more muscular, physically stronger, taller, deeper voices, athletic, etc. It is a blessing for women to produce more Testosterone but black women need to be careful with their Testosterone. Because if a black woman gets up set and angry the testosterone will make her more aggressive and violent.

So black women need to use their intellects to make rational decisions in certain situations that are potentially negative. There is a time to defend yourself physically; and there is a time to use the intellect to confront a negative situation.

Black Women And Suffering

Black women are able to go through a lot of mental, emotional, verbal, and physical suffering because they produce more male Testosterone in their bodies. This explains why black women are able to step and play the role of the man when there is no man around to take care of the children. All women are able to play the role of men when the woman is single and have children. This comes from women having some Testosterone (male hormone) in their bodies.

The role a man is protection, strength, provider, etc and these qualities from come from Testosterone and Testosterone masculine and estrogen is feminine.
Some women become envious and jealous of women who have both their feminine and masculine side developed. It is good to have both sides developed.

Black Women Who Prefer Black Men

Chance: One of the major reasons many black women prefer black men is because of their masculinity. Black men produce a high percentage of Testosterone – and remember the more Testosterone a man produces the more masculine he is. Women are more attracted to men who produce higher levels of Testosterone this is a fact. Now this doesn’t mean that women are going to go marry or date a man because he produces a higher level Testosterone.

Each woman no matter what racial group she from has her preference about what type of man she will date. The majority of Black women find black men very attractive. The Testosterone level in black men makes them very sexual appealing to black women and even many women from other ethnic groups. It is a fact, that women prefer masculine men and the more masculine the more they prefer those men. No matter what racial group these very masculine men are from. Many Black women find men from other ethnic groups attractive but they still prefer Black men.

Because they are attracted to the masculinity of black men and there are personal reasons. Why black women prefer black men but masculinity is definitely one of them. Black women often observe men from other ethnic groups and don’t view them being as masculine as black men. Many black women view black men to be more masculine than men from other ethnic groups. And genetic science agrees and confirms what Black women have known for years.

That black men are more masculine than men from other ethnic groups. Black men and Black women are sexual compatible they both produce high levels of hormones. This makes them more attracted to each other. I say women should date whom ever they feel like and so should men.

Chance writes: Science and religion have been separated from each other far too long. They must be reunited; scientist and religious people must look for similarities instead of differences only. Nicholas Copernicus united both science and religion and discovered that the earth revoles around the sun

Category-Religion & Science

The Scientist and Religionist (Where Does Atheism Come From? Also Nicholas Copernicus the Man Who Combined Science and Religion And proof that God exist)

By Chance, The Chancellorfiles

Chance: Science and religion should be combined to discover truth; Nicholas Copernicus combined science and religion and discovered a truth. Also atheism is another epidemic that secretively seems to be spreading just as fast as religion.

Atheism is spreading more in an undercover way. Atheism comes from weak souls who claim to be religious but have a lot of doubt and uncertainty about whether God exist or not. When a person has not had a mystical experience example seeing an angel, demon or evil spirit, the soul of a dead person, a miracle, travel outside of their physical body consciously, never spoke with some entity that is non-human, talked to an angel etc.

The lack of a mystical experience creates doubt and uncertainty, many people claim to be Christian, Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, Jewish, Pagan, etc. These people are all religionists who follow their particular religion. What’s a religionist? A religionist is a person who studies a particular religion or religions. In the world of science one of the big questions that, people in society ask is why is it that so many scientists are atheist. Not all scientists are atheist just some are.

Let’s examine that question scientists whom are atheist were born to parents just like all of us humans. And we are taught our moral, religious, and political values by our parents or by who ever raised us and society at in general.

A child is born innocent; a child is not born religious or atheist. So how does one who was born to religious parents end up being an atheist? Whether that be an atheistic scientist or just some average human who doesn’t believe in God. The answer is simple atheism in science is the result of fake phony religious people. Many so called religious people deep down on the inside of themselves have serious doubts – about whether God really exist. This doubt manifest in many forms here are some examples.

1. Hypocrisy (saying one thing and doing the exact opposite of what you said).

2. Hatred and violence

3. Unjustifiable cruelty

4. Slander

5. Unjustifiable anger towards people

6. Unjustifiable war

7. Misinterpreting Holy Scriptures on purpose to suit one’s incorrect point of view

8. Exploitation

9. Jealousy

10. Sexual misconduct

11. Lack of love for humans

12. Using religion to unite other religious hypocrites to advance their political party.

13. Secret doubt about God’s existence which is a sin according to religious tradition.

14. Backbiting (talking behind someone’s back)

15 Using religion to oppress other people political.

16. Claiming that they are religious and everybody else who are not like them are evil and going to hell.

17. Racism

18. Discrimination against women

19. Trying to force their children to be like them when in reality it is not good for the children to be like them.

Doubt And Uncertainty

There are many other reasons also. Many of the scientists who are atheist were not born to atheist parents. They were born to parents or raised by people who claimed to believe in God. But deep down on the inside of the majority of these parents there was some doubt about whether God existed or not why? Because they have never seen God or an angel and – many of the religious leaders they themselves have doubts about whether God really exist. What is doubt? Doubt means uncertain or not sure about something.

Doubt also is a lack of faith – what is a lack of faith? Lack of faith is when you don’t know the future outcome of a situation. Many people don’t know the future outcome of what’s going to happen to their soul-essence when they die. If you look back two centuries ago – it was very difficult to find millions of atheist. All countries had some form of religion – the religion influenced family, politics, education, economics, social behavior, and the psychology of the people.

Nicholas Copernicus The Astronomer

Chance: Example Nicholas Copernicus the polish astronomer said: that the earth revolves around the sun now Copernicus was not an atheist. Copernicus got his theory from the zohar – the zohar is the major book of the kabbalah. Kabbalah is the esoteric mystical teachings of Judaism, esoteric means hidden or secret. In other words esotericism is the hidden secret interpretation of the holy scriptures of any religion. All religions have an esoteric tradition that only a few people have been taught.

Copernicus studied the zohar and kabbalah and the zohar says that the earth revolves around the sun. This is where Copernicus got his theory of the earth revolving around the sun, there were many before Copernicus who doubted that the earth revolved around the sun. But Copernicus combined science and religion and came up with the correct answer and, that answer is yes it is true that the earth revolves around the sun. Copernicus studied astronomy (science) and the zohar and look at the excellent results of combining the two. Now during Copernicus’ time the majority of the people in Poland and on the planet were more religious.

Wherefore in today’s time we have many who are atheist, materialist, agnostic, and people who claim to be religious but deep down on the inside. They have doubts about God’s existence. These so called religious people who have a hidden lack of faith in God are responsible for the overwhelming majority of atheism on the planet. They are responsible for atheism in Science and Religion, Atheism in science manifest itself in the form of materialism meaning the belief that the only world that exists is the physical world.

Atheism

Atheism in religion manifests itself in the form of doubt and uncertainty. This doubt is often kept hidden by so called religious people because they don’t want to get embarrassed by being exposed as secret atheist or agnostic. So when their children become adults they stop practicing the religion their parents or whoever raised them taught them. Why? Because these people remember the hypocrisy of their parents or the people who raised them. And, there could be other reason also – that caused the children who become adults to spot practicing the religion their parents gave them.

So we must go back to combining science with religion -also we must study the esoteric (hidden or secret) side of religion. We must become a scientist and religionist at the same-time then and only then can we produce in the future great men and women like Copernicus. And through their scientific discoveries humanity will progress and discover the mysteries of the universe (other planets, people living on other planets, and other laws governing outer-space).

St. Thomas Aquinas The Great Christian Schholar

St. Thomas Aquinas (1224-1274) was born in Roccasecca, Italy and he became (joined) a Dominican priest (monk), theologian, and philosopher and was called the Doctor Angelicus (the Angelic Doctor,) Aquinas is considered one the greatest Christian philosophers to have ever lived. Two of his most famous works, the Summa Theologiae and the Summa Contra Gentiles, are the finest examples of his writings work on Christian philosophy. He also studied the works and writ
ings of Aristotle and certain Muslims scholars. Thomas Aquinas was a lecturer at the university of Paris in Paris, France he was a great scholar and theological teacher.

Thomas Aquinas gave five examples to prove the existence of God.

First Way: The Argument From Motion

St. Thomas Aquinas, studying the works of the Greek philsopher Aristotle, concluded from common observation that an object that is in motion (e.g. the planets, a rolling stone) is put in motion by some other object or force. From this, Aquinas believes that ultimately there must have been an UNMOVED MOVER (GOD) who first put things in motion. Follow the agrument this way: 1) Nothing can move itself. 2) If every object in motion had a mover, then the first object in motion needed a mover. 3) This first mover is the Unmoved Mover, called God.

Second Way: Causation Of Existence

This Way deals with the issue of existence. Aquinas concluded that common sense observation tells us that no object creates itself. In other words, some previous object had to create it. Aquinas believed that ultimately there must have been an UNCAUSED FIRST CAUSE (GOD) who began the chain of existence for all things. Follow the agrument this way: 1) There exists things that are caused (created) by other things. 2) Nothing can be the cause of itself (nothing can create itself.) 3) There can not be an endless string of objects causing other objects to exist. 4) Therefore, ther must be an uncaused first cause called God.

Third Way: Contingent and Neccessary Objects

This Way defines two types of objects in the universe: contingent beings and necessary beings. A contingent being is an object that can not exist without a necessary being causing its existence. Aquinas believed that the existence of contingent beings would ultimately neccesitate a being which must exist for all of the contingent beings to exist. This being, called a necessary being, is what we call God. Follow the argument this way: 1) Contingent beings are caused. 2) Not every being can be contingent. 3) There must exist a being which is necessary to cause contingent beings. 4) This necessary being is God.

Fourth Way: The Agrument From Degrees And Perfection

St. Thomas formulated this Way from a very interesting observation about the qualities of things. For example one may say that of two marble scultures one is more beautiful than the other. So for these two objects, one has a greater degree of beauty than the next. This is referred to as degrees or gradation of a quality. From this fact Aquinas concluded that for any given quality (e.g. goodness, beauty, knowledge) there must be an perfect standard by which all such qualities are measured. These perfections are contained in God.

Fifth Way: The Agrument From Intelligent Design

The final Way that St. Thomas Aquinas speaks of has to do with the observable universe and the order of nature. Aquinas states that common sense tells us that the universe works in such a way, that one can conclude that is was designed by an intelligent designer, God. In other words, all physical laws and the order of nature and life were designed and ordered by God, the intellgent designer.

Atoms And Physics Chance:The Greek philosopher Democritus came very close to our modern understanding of atoms when he proposed that everything is made up of very small particles, which he called atoms, from the Greek atomus, for ‘indivisible’.

Modern physics has discovered how atoms are made up of smaller particles and how these particles interact to build atoms into molecules and larger objects. The human body is made up of atoms, and every physical object (all physical objects) is made up of atoms also. An atom is made up of three particles, 1. Protons 2. Electrons 3. Neutrons in order for any physical object to be created there must be present these three particles. If the human body is made up of atoms and physics has proven that atoms are intelligent (intelligence) this means that the atoms of your physical body. Record all of your good and bad actions that you do in life, and this is a fact. So your lifestyle is your book of life. So when you die how does God and the judges of karma know what you have done in life, well because it is recorded in the atoms that once made up your physical body. Now At first, scientists thought that atoms were like billiard balls, and solid objects with no internal structure. But further experiments showed that atoms were made of subatomic particles – and further experiments still have shown that even these particles have structure. So physics has proven that the atom (protons, electrons, and neutrons) is made up of even smaller forms known as sub-atoms (sub atomic). And, when you die it is these sub atomic atoms that you take with you to God to be judged. The regular atoms when you die they become energy and these atoms go to the place of their origins. Because they are no longer needed to hold your physical body together – because you die. So these regular atoms go to where they originally came from before, they can together to create your physical body.

But these atoms have already recorded your actions on earth and these regular atoms have already sent the information of your good and bad actions, thoughts and feeling to the sub atomic atoms. Now the sub atomic atoms go with you to see God, so God and the Judges of Karma can judge you based upon your personal deeds. That you did during life and God is fair because your atoms recorded everything. God is real and the word reality is another name for truth.