4-3 The Cell and Inheritance
Chromosomes and Inheritance
Meiosis
A Lineup of Genes

4-4 The DNA Connection
The Genetic Code
How Cells Make Protein
Mutations

Day
1

Topic 4-1 Mendel's Experiments

Objectives/ I can...Define gamete.
Describe the type of cell division called meiosis.
Understand that some traits are dominant and others are recessive.

State Goals
12.A.3b Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent
with those of organisms produced by two parents. 12.A.5b Analyze the transmission of genetic traits, diseases and
defects.

Common Core MS-LS3-2Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in
offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results
in offspring with genetic variation.

Objectives/ I can...Learn a number of easily observable genetic traits.
Compare traits they have with others in the class.
Learn some traits are common, others are not.
Construct and read a data table and bar graph.Explain how traits are passed from parent to offspring.Explain why offspring have some of the traits of their parents but not all.

State Goals
12.A.3b Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent
with those of organisms produced by two parents. 12.A.5b Analyze the transmission of genetic traits, diseases and
defects.

Common Core MS-LS3-1Develop and use a model to describe why structural changes to genes
(mutations) located on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in
harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the
organism.

Classwork-HomeworkVocabulary
Trait: characteristicInherited Trait: trait that is passed from parents to their offspring
Heredity: passing of traits from parents to offspring
Genetics: study of heredity

Objectives/ I can...Compare traits they have with others in the class.
Learn some traits are common, others are not.
Construct and read a data table and bar graph.

State Goals
12.A.3b
Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent
with those of organisms produced by two parents. 12.A.5b Analyze the transmission of genetic traits, diseases and
defects.

Common Core MS-LS3-2Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in
offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results
in offspring with genetic variation.

Classwork-HomeworkGene Scene
Use this Blank
Gene Wheel and answer questions about your traits.Finger Hair. Officially known as Mid-digital Finger Hair.
Consider your fingers to have 3 segments, top, middle, and bottom. If hair
is present on the middle segment of any finger, even just one hair, you have
mid-digital hair. Do not score the bottom segment of your fingers for hair,
just the middle segment. Look closely, as is can be difficult to score. Hair
may be present on only one finger or very fair, especially in children.

The last trait.....B/bb is for crooked/straight
little finger. Difficuly to evaluate.
Change to...freckles, dimples, or thumb on top

Objectives/ I can...Describe how genes are distributed in sexual reproduction.
Design a model to determine genotype and phenotype.
Compare observable and genetic traits to the traits of classmates and family members.
Use Punnett squares.
Use ratios and probability to describe patterns of heredity.
Analyze experimental data to find probabilities.

State Goals
12.A.2b Categorize features as either inherited or learned.12.A.5b Analyze the transmission of genetic traits, diseases and
defects.12.A.3b Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single
parent with those of organisms produced by two parents.

Common Core MS-LS3-2Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in
offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results
in offspring with genetic variation.

Classwork-HomeworkVocabulary
Genotype the two letters that make up a trait (TT Tt tt)Phenotype what the letters stand for (tall short)Homozygous: a trait made up of the same letter said to be purebred (TT
tt)Heterozygous:a trait made up of a dominant and recessive gene (Tt)
Dominant Gene: gene whose trait always shows itself
Recessive Gene: gene of a trait that is hidden when the dominant gene is
present

State Goals
12.A.3b Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent
with those of organisms produced by two parents. 12.A.5b Analyze the transmission of genetic traits, diseases and
defects.

Common Core MS-LS3-2Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in
offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results
in offspring with genetic variation.

State Goals
12.A.3b Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent
with those of organisms produced by two parents. 12.A.5b Analyze the transmission of genetic traits, diseases and
defects.

Common Core MS-LS3-2Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in
offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results
in offspring with genetic variation.

State Goals
12.A.3b Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent
with those of organisms produced by two parents. 12.A.5b Analyze the transmission of genetic traits, diseases and
defects.

Common Core MS-LS3-2Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in
offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results
in offspring with genetic variation.

Classwork-HomeworkVocabulary
Incomplete Dominance: pattern of inheritance in which alleles from both parents
are blendedCodominance: pattern of inheritance in which both alleles of a gene are
expressed

Objectives/ I can...Determine genotypes and phenotypes.
Create a Punnett square to determine traits.

State Goals
12.A.3b Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent
with those of organisms produced by two parents. 12.A.5b Analyze the transmission of genetic traits, diseases and
defects.

Common Core MS-LS3-2Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in
offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results
in offspring with genetic variation.

Objectives/ I can...Describe how genes and chromosomes are involved in heredity.
Define gamete.
Describe the type of cell division called meiosis.

State Goals
12.A.3b Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent
with those of organisms produced by two parents.

Common Core MS-LS3-1Develop and use a model to describe why structural changes to genes
(mutations) located on chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in
harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the structure and function of the
organism.Common Core
MS-LS3-2Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in
offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results
in offspring with genetic variation.

Classwork-HomeworkVocabulary
Karotype: organized display of an organisms chromosomes
Centromere: point of a chromosome where two parts meet
Genes: parts of a chromosome that control inherited traits
Allele: one of two or more forms of a particular gene

State Goals12.A.3b Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent
with those of organisms produced by two parents.

Common Core MS-LS3-2Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in
offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results
in offspring with genetic variation.

Objectives/ I can...Describe the molecular makeup of DNA.
Explain the role of DNA in living organisms. Explain how the living conditions of an organism affect the way it develops

State Goal12.A.5b Analyze the transmission of genetic traits, diseases and
defects.

Common Core MS-LS3-2Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in
offspring with identical genetic information and sexual reproduction results
in offspring with genetic variation.

Classwork-HomeworkVocabulary
DNA: large molecule contained in chromosome
Replication: process by which DNA is duplicated
Protein Synthesis: process by which proteins are made
RNA: molecule used in the marking of proteins
Mutation: change in a geneMutagens: factors that increase mutationsCarcinogens: mutagens known to cause cancer

Decoding
DNA and DNA Jewelry
Lesson Using the directions for this hands-on activity/lab helps students
construct a model of DNA to learn DNA structure and decode it to better understand protein
synthesis. They also have an actual badge of their DNA literacy to wear or use.

Genetics With STACOPS
Using their knowledge of genetics and heredity, students will participate in activities
involving the chromosomes of a created animal called a STACOP. Based on the genetic
information of a "mated" pair of STACOPs, students will make inferences about
the genetic combinations the STACOPs' offspring might inherit.

Toothpick
Fish You will learn about the relationships between many different aspects of
fish life: genes, traits, variation, survival, and reproduction. The activity here is a
simulation, but it models the way fish and other organisms live in nature.

MendelWeb
MendelWeb is an educational resource for teachers and students interested in the origins
of classical genetics, introductory data analysis, elementary plant science, and the
history and literature of science.

Probability
of Inheritance One of the easiest ways to calculate the mathematical probability
of inheriting a specific trait was invented by an early 20th century English geneticist
named Reginald Punnett.

Genetic Phenotypes of Super Heroes
Search the Internet for information on a Marvel Comic Super Hero of your choice. Develop a
list of 20 to 25 physical traits (phenotype) that your character has which you can
identify by physically looking at the character.