2018-02-18T08:34:33Zhttps://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=69512014-08-0110.22059Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-88942251-8894201482Phylogenetic study based on the phosphoprotein gene of Iranian Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) isolates, 2010 -2012ArashGhalyanchi LangeroudiHosseinHosseinVahidKarimiOmidMadadgarMasoudHashemzadehSeyed AliGhafouriSeyed SinaBagheriSeyed MiladVahediBACKGROUND: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the causativeagent of the Newcastle disease (ND), a highly contagiousdisease in birds that causes significant economic losses to thepoultry industry worldwide. ND is endemic in Iran and outbreaksare reported regularly in commercial poultry flocks and differentspecies of birds. OBJECTIVES:The current study was carried outto characterize NDV based on phosphorprotein (P) gene fromrecent outbreaks in Iran, 2010-2012. METHODS: The P genefragment of NDV isolates of five chickens, 1 ostrich, and 1Pigeon paramyxovirus-1 was obtained by RT-PCR and sequenced.RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis of sequences revealed thatchicken and ostrich NDV isolates were closely related andplaced in the genotype VII and Pigeon Paramyxovirus-1 waslocated in the genotype V. CONCLUSIONS:This is the first reportof Phosphoprotein gene sequences of NDV strains isolated inIran. This study will help us to understand the epidemiology andmolecular characteristics of Newcastle disease virus in Iran.Newcastle diseasephosphoproteinphylogenetic study201408017377https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_51403_0f3525815885b78aee8d8fd9bb215345.pdf2014-08-0110.22059Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-88942251-8894201482Prevalence of Linguatula serrata nymphs in slaughtered goats in Isfahan provinceKhodadadPirali KheirabadiA.FallahAminAbolghasemiBACKGROUND: Linguatula serrata, a tongue worm, is anaberrant cosmopolitan parasite, which inhabits the caninerespiratory system (final host). The discharged eggs infect manyplant feeder, including ruminants and human being, that producevisceral and nasopharyngeal linguatulosis which is known asMarrara syndrome in man. OBJECTIVES:In the current study, theprevalence rate of infection with L. serrata nymphs inmesenteric and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) of slaughteredgoats was investigated by cutting in MLNs and observing themin Isfahan Province, Iran. METHODS: The MLNs of 620slaughtered goats, including 197 females and 423 males, after thepreparation of the lymph nodes, were examined for L. serratanymphs by cutting them longitudinally and testing them by usinga dissecting microscope for L. serrata nymphs. Then, in thesuspected cases, the samples were digested by pepsin andhydrochloric acid and were examined for presence of L. serratanymphs. Goats were categorized into four age groups, including< 1.5 year, 1.5 to 2.5 years, 2.5 to 3.5 years, and > 3.5 years.RESULTS:The results showed that 54.35% of the examined goatswere infected with L. serrata. Sex had no significant effect on theprevalence rate of this parasite in goats. CONCLUSIONS: Ahighprevalence rate of infection in goats suggests a possible similarhigh rate of infection in other animals and man in the investigatedarea, which emphasizes undertaking strict control measures toreduce the risk of zoonotic outbreaks.GoatHumanLinguatula serrata201408017983https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_51404_5ab5e3a7c426fc5f098b69da06686230.pdf2014-08-0110.22059Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-88942251-8894201482The prevalence of coronavirus in fecal samples of neonatal calf diarrhea using electron microscopic examinationYusefDavoudiFereydounNourmohammadzadehGholamrezaAbdollahpourAbbasNouriIrajNowrouzianBACKGROUND:Neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD), also known ascalf scours, is caused by viruses, bacteria, and parasites.Coronavirus is one of the important causes of NCD syndrome.Electron microcopy has been used for demonstration of virusesin fecal samples of diarrheic calves since 1969. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence ofcoronavirus in fecal samples of neonatal calf diarrhea usingelectron microcopy examination of fecal samples. METHODS:For the purpose of this study, a total of 100 cases (under 2 monthsof age) of diarrheic calves from 25 commercial farms in fourdistricts of East Azerbaijan province of Iran were used. FreshFecal samples using sterile swab were collected from every calfwith clinical diarrhea. All samples were transferred into a sterilecontainer and then were sent to the laboratory to be kept in -20oCfreezer until examination. Electron microscopic examinationwas applied to all fecal samples. Chi-square test was used toanalyze the data. RESULTS:According to the results of this study,coronavirus was present in 15% of cases and a significantdifference was found between the prevalence rate and theseasons (pcalf diarrheacoronaviruselectron
microscopy201408018589https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_51405_c067d9b6b714f00f4cfddba13d31a99b.pdf2014-08-0110.22059Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-88942251-8894201482Betaine as a methyl donor and an antioxidant agent in levodopa-induced hyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress in rat's kidneyMasoudAlirezaeiBACKGROUND: Betaine has been shown to be antioxidantand methyl donor effects in our recent studies. OBJECTIVES: Inthe present study, the antioxidant and methyl donor properties ofbetaine in levodopa/benserazide-mediated hyperhomocysteinemiaand levodopa-induced oxidative stress in rat's kidney wereexamined. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley male rats were dividedinto levodopa (LD), Betaine (Bet.), levodopa plus betaine(LD/Bet.), levodopa plus benserazide (LD/Ben.), levodopa plusbetaine-benserazide (LD/Bet.-Ben.), and control groups. Theexperimental groups received LD (3 × 100 mg/kg), Bet. (1.5%w/w of the total diet), Ben. (3 × 25 mg/kg), and distilled waterwas given to controls for 10 consecutive days, orally by gavage.RESULTS: Plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrationdecreased significantly in Bet.-, LD/Bet.-, and LD/Bet.-Ben.-treated rats compared to LD/Ben. group. Thiobarbituric acidreactive substances concentration (as a lipid peroxidationmarker) in renal tissue reduced statistically in betaine group incomparison with LD and LD/Ben. groups. Renal catalaseactivity increased significantly in LD-treated rats whencompared to controls. Renal superoxide dismutase activitysignificantly decreased in LD-treated group when compared toLD/Ben. group. However, there was not any significantdifference in renal glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity amongthe groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that LD andLD/Ben. have side effects in kidney due to induction ofhyperhomocysteinemia and oxidative stress. In contrast, betaineacts as a promising antioxidant and methyl donor agent versusLD-induced complications.benserazidebetainehomocysteinekidneylevodopa201408019199https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_51406_39ca6b4eb9c02e9e5d687d1beda445c1.pdf2014-08-0110.22059Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-88942251-8894201482Evaluation of dysrhythmias and myocardial biomarkers in high and low-yielding dairy cowsAfshinJafari Dehkordiabdol-NaserMohebbiShimaBalali DehkordiBACKGROUND: Cardiovascular system is a very importantorgan that plays a vital role in tissue function. In farm animals,the growth and high milk production depends on function ofcardiovascular system. OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular health inhigh and low-yielding dairy cows was investigated. METHODS:Fifty 4-year-old high- yielding Holstein dairy cows and fifty 4-year-old low- yielding Holstein dairy cows were used in thisstudy. Electrocardiogram was recorded by a base- apex lead, andblood samples were collected from the jugular vein for themeasurement of cardiac biomarkers (CK (Creatine Kinase), CKMB(Creatine Kinase-Myocardial Band), LDH (LactateDehydrogenase), and AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) andtroponin I). RESULTS: Cardiac dysrhythmias were detected morein low- yielding Holstein dairy cows (62%) compared to highyieldingHolstein dairy cows (46%). The cardiac dysrhythmiasthat were observed in low- yielding Holstein dairy cows includedsinus arrhythmia (34.7%), wandering pacemaker (22.45%),sinus bradycardia (18.37%), sinus tachycardia (10.20%), atrialpremature beat (2.04%), sinoatrial block (2.04%), atrialfibrillation (8.16%), and atrial tachycardia (2.04%). The cardiacdysrhythmias were observed in high- yielding Holstein dairycows, including sinus arrhythmia (86.95%) and wandering pacemaker (13.05%). Also, notched P wave was observed in highandlow- yielding Holstein dairy cows, 30% and 14%respectively. The amount of cardiac biomarkers in the lowyielding cows was significantly higher than that of the highyielding cows. Further more, there was not any detectablesignificant difference of serum concentration of total CK betweenthe high and low- yielding Holstein cows. CONCLUSIONS:Despite significant differences in cardiac biomarkers and basedon the normal range of cardiac biomarkers in both groups, theincrease in cardiac dysrhythmias in low- yielding Holstein dairycows may be metabolic and electrolyte disorders.Dairy cowsdysrhythmiasmyocardial biomarkers20140801101109https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_51407_8ffc6c2d3576d308ddb5ea5d633ba20b.pdf2014-08-0110.22059Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-88942251-8894201482Ghrelin improves rat sperm kinematic parameters during abdominal position of the testisArashKheradmandBACKGROUND: Disruption of testicular function and arrest ofspermatogenesis are the consequence of cryptorchidism inresponse to elevated temperature. OBJECTIVES:This investigationwas set to clarify the possible ghrelin efficacy in altering somesperm quality parameters upon experimentally-induced cryptorchidism.METHODS: Thirty male adult rats were scheduled for thestudy and were divided into three groups: group 1 was served ascontrol-saline (CS), group 2 was designed as cryptorchidism-saline(CrS), and group 3 was defined as cryptorchidism-ghrelin (CrG).After surgically inducing cryptorchidism in groups 2 and 3, theresearchers gave 10 nmol of ghrelin to CrG rats for 7 consecutivedays. Five animals in each group were equally killed on days 3 and7 after operation and their testes were taken for sperm evaluation.RESULTS: Testicular weight, sperm forward progressive motility(FPM), functional membrane integrity (assessed by HOS-test), andsperm concentration displayed slight changes after heating on day3. However, abdominal position of the testes for 7 days caused asignificant reduction in the percentages of HOS-positive cells(pcryptorchidismGhrelinratsperm
quality20140801111117https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_51408_733374fc3f6ddc2b1457e35bcee711a7.pdf2014-08-0110.22059Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-88942251-8894201482A trace analysis of oxytetracycline and tetracycline residues in pasteurized milk supplied in Tehran: a one-year study (April 2011-March 2012)AliRasooliZahraAmaniAlirezaBahonarGholamrezaShamsZohrehAbdolmakiBACKGROUND: Tetracyclines (TCs) are broad-spectrumantibiotics that are widely used in veterinary medicine. Thepresence of TCs residues in milk is a public health concern allover the world. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to determine TCsresiduals in pasteurized milk marketed by some dairy companiesin Tehran from April 2011 to March 2012. METHODS: 432pasteurized milk samples were purchased from supermarketssupplying the milk products of 12 major dairy companies inTehran (3 samples from each company every month), and theywere stored at -20 0C until analysis. Oxytetracycline (OTC) andTetracycline (TC) residues in each sample were extracted by aliquid - liquid phase procedure and quantitated using a highperformance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method. Chromatographicconditions included a mobile phase as oxalic acidbuffer- acetonitril (80: 20) with a flow rate of 1mL/min and UVdetectionat 355 nm. RESULTS: TCs residuals in most milksamples were lower than 100 ppb, maximum residue level(MRL); however, in seven samples (1.62%) the total residues ofOTC and TC were more than MRL. In the latter milk samples, themedian total TCs residue was 625 ppb, ranging between 274 and1270 ppb. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the presence of TCresidues above the MRL level in a limited number of milksamples, it is concluded that more studies and supervision ofhealth authorities are needed in this field.HPLCMilkresiduetetracyclines20140801119123https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_51409_a1523bbae6299445848b0064e9c913e6.pdf2014-08-0110.22059Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-88942251-8894201482Effect of dietary chitosan on immune response and disease resistance in Cyprinus carpioMojtabaAlishahiAminEsmaili RadMehdiZareiMasoudGhorbanpourBACKGROUND: Occurrence of resistance against antibioticsand inadequate efficacy of some vaccines necessitates studies ofnatural immunostimulators in aquaculture. Shrimps shell derivedfrom Chitosan can be used as immune stimulators in fish.OBJECTIVES: In this study, the effects of oral administration ofchitosan, derived from shrimp shell, on some immune responsesand disease resistance in Cyprinus carpio were studied. METHODS:Three hundred healthy fish weighing 42.4+8.1 g were divided into4 equal groups: the first group (G10) was fed with foodsupplemented with 10 mg kg-1 chitosan, the second (G5) and thirdgroups (G2.5) were fed with food supplemented with 5 mg kg-1 and2.5 mg kg-1, respectively. The control group was fed with basal feed(without chitosan). All groups were treated for 60 days. Bloodsamples were taken on 0, 20, 40, and 60 days post- experiment; Inaddition, some immunological indices, including serum lysozymeactivity, serum bactericidal activity, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT)reduction activity, serum proteins, white blood cell count (WBC),and differentiated count were measured. At the end of the treatment,fish were challenged with live Aeromonas hydrophila and mortalityrate was recorded for 14 days. RESULTS: Oral administration ofchitosan (0.5 and 1%) significantly enhanced NBT reductionactivity and resistance to A. hydrophila infection (p=0.012). Serumlysozyme and bactericidal activity, serum total protein andglobulin, WBC and leukocytes ratio showed no significant changeamong the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study indicatesthat oral administration of shrimp shell chitosan may have a positiveeffect on some immune parameters and resistance against bacterialinfection in Cyprinus carpio.Aeromonas hydrophilaChitosanCyprinus carpioImmune response20140801125133https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_51410_60e84abf5fb963dd78f5fbf1107672ce.pdf2014-08-0110.22059Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-88942251-8894201482Development of antibody-based microarray assay for quantitative detection of aflatoxin B1AzadehBeizaeiAbolfazlKamkarAliMisaghiBACKGROUND: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a toxic metaboliteproduced by Aspergillus species that contaminates a wide range ofagricultural products. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed todevelop a rapid and highly sensitive immunoassay method inmicroarray format for quantitative detection of AFB1 to evaluatethe potential of microarray platform for high-throughput screening,which can be beneficial in food and feed industry. METHODS:Following successful optimization, using an indirect competitiveimmunoassay in dot blot format, AFB1-bovine serum albumin(AFB1-BSA) conjugate was contact-printed onto 16 isolated subarrayson multi-pad nitrocellulose coated slides; subsequently usedin competitive binding assays. RESULTS: Using the aforementionedassay, AFB1 was determined from 15 pg/g to 3.04 ng/g workingrange with detection limit (LOD) of 1 pg/g. To evaluate assayperformance in real food matrices, the authors spiked wheatsamples with different concentration of AFB1. After extraction,working ranges of 0.11-4.15 ng/g with detection limit of 30pg/g wasdetermined. Good recoveries (94±9%) were obtained, demonstratingaccurate detection of AFB1 concentrations in wheat samples.Assay procedure completed in 3 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The resultsindicated that the proposed developed assay in microarray formatcould be used for rapid and sensitive detection of AFB1in wheatsamples.Aflatoxin B1dot blotimmunoassaymicroarrayOptimization20140801135142https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_51411_fe2f23d63fc3477c864ac072647c99fa.pdf2014-08-0110.22059Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine2251-88942251-8894201482Acase of perosomus elumbis concurrent with visceral abnormalities in a Holstein calfMohsenEslamiFaramarzGharagozloPeymanRahimi FeyliMahdiVodjganiSarangSorooriPerosomus elumbis is an occasional congenital anomaly ofcattle, swine, sheep, and dogs with unknown etiology. Thiscongenital abnormality occurs in both sexes. A dead Holsteincalf characterized by musculoskeletal and external genitaliaabnormalities was referred to the large animal hospital ofUniversity of Tehran. Radiographic evaluation and subsequentdissection revealed that the vertebral column was truncated at thelevel of first lumbar vertebra (L1). Moreover, L2-L5, sacrum andcoccygeal vertebrae were absent. The dorsum of the lumbosacralregion contained only soft tissues. Urogenital tract wasincomplete, and it contained agenesis of the ovaries, uterinetubes, cervix, and vulva concurrent with unilateral umbilicalartery agenesis. Small and large intestine contained blind-endedsacs. No testes, scrotum, and penis were found. The intact ureterwas attached to a thin-walled fluid fill sac. The laboratory findingshowed that the pH of the fluid was 6 and contained hemoglobin,white blood cells, bacteria, a few red blood cells, oxalatecrystalline, and epithelial cells. It was concluded that thecollected fluid was urine. This is the first report of perosomuselumbis in a Holstein calf having a lot of visceral abnormalitiesin Iran.congenital abnormalityHolstein
calfperosomus elumbisvertebral
column20140801143145https://ijvm.ut.ac.ir/article_51412_a4ffcb5c6bec90e4e9ebc7331c90305a.pdf