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Cocaine Madness: Counternarcotics and Militarization in the Andes

When the U.S. government first announced its 1989 "Andean Initiative"—a five-year, $2.2 billion plan targeting coca and cocaine production—the Andes region was largely viewed as emerging from the "lost" economic decade of the 1980s and moving towards democracy. Except in the eyes of drug policymakers, the area was low on the list of U.S. concerns.