..X-ray crystal structures of compounds bound into bromodomains of Brd2 and Brd4 elucidate the molecular interactions of binding and explain the precisely defined stereochemistry required for activity...

Effects of anxiolytics in zebrafish: similarities and differences between benzodiazepines, buspirone and ethanol

b>Benzodiazepines are the most frequently prescribed antianxiety drugs in the elderly. Despite their usefulness and safety in the younger population, there is concern about the rationale for their use in the elderly...

A 3-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of asenapine in the treatment of acute mania in bipolar mania and mixed states

Vance L AlbaughDepartment of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of AmericaPLoS ONE 6:e22662. 2011

..The adverse events are preceded by acute worsening of oral glucose tolerance (oGTT) along with reduced plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and leptin in animal models. It is unclear whether the same acute effects occur in humans...

..PMPs monitor the final allocation of controlled substances from pharmacist to patient. The primary purpose of this scrutiny is to diminish the utilization of multiple providers for controlled substances...

Psychomotor development in children exposed in utero to benzodiazepines, antidepressants, neuroleptics, and anti-epileptics

..Any abnormal test result was seen much more frequently among exposed (16%) than for not exposed (4%). The study has several limitations but raises concern that should be addressed in other and better designed studies...

The early effect of olanzapine and risperidone on insulin secretion in atypical-naïve schizophrenic patients

..Disruption in cognition is characteristic of psychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia. Studies of drugs that improve cognition might provide a better insight into the mechanisms underlying cognitive deficits...

Pentameric ligand-gated ion channel ELIC is activated by GABA and modulated by benzodiazepines

..neurotransmission and are allosterically modulated by the anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, and sedative-hypnotic benzodiazepines. Here we show that the prokaryotic homolog ELIC also is activated by GABA and is modulated by benzodiazepines ..

A systematic review of research examining benzodiazepine-related mortality

Fiona CharlsonNational Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, AustraliaPharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 18:93-103. 2009

..This paper will review literature examining the association of benzodiazepine use and mortality...

Benzodiazepine use and risk of dementia: evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS)

Katrina Weston-GreenCentre for Translational Neuroscience, School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AustraliaPLoS ONE 7:e33548. 2012

..This study examined the effects of low to high doses of olanzapine on appetite/metabolic regulatory signals in the hypothalamus and brainstem to elucidate the mechanisms underlying olanzapine-induced obesity...

Atypical antipsychotics and the neural regulation of food intake and peripheral metabolism

..9%; QUE 31.4%), but after 2 weeks of treatment prolactin values had reverted to normal for nearly all patients (OLZ 100%; QUE 99.4%). There were no significant treatment differences in any variable between cohorts...

..In addition, there was a severe significant negative correlation between the changes in leptin levels and NO levels (r=0.73, P<0.01). The results confirmed that leptin and NO might be associated with olanzapine-induced weight gain...

..receptor subunits (rendering them diazepam insensitive) are resistant to the anxiolytic-like effects of benzodiazepines (BZs) in the conditioned emotional response (CER) test, but show normal anxiolytic effects of a barbiturate...

..We investigated the antibacterial activity of three dimers, SJG-136, DRG-16 and ELB-21, which differ in the structure of the PBD monomeric unit and the length of the linker region between the two identical PBD monomers...

Several cross-sectional studies have found cognitive impairment in subjects taking benzodiazepines for long periods. However, it is not known whether long-term use of benzodiazepines accelerates cognitive decline in the elderly...

..The aim of this study was to determine the effect of short-term olanzapine (atypical antipsychotic drug) and haloperidol (conventional antipsychotic drug) treatment on glucose and lipid metabolism...

Initially thought to be virtually free of negative effects, benzodiazepines are now known to carry risks of dependence, withdrawal, and negative side effects. Among the most controversial of these side effects are cognitive effects...

Hormonal and metabolic effects of olanzapine and clozapine related to body weight in rodents

..Only restricted neuronal networks will be modulated by the new subtype-selective drugs. Promising new anxiolytics have already been developed. A new pharmacology of the benzodiazepine site is on the horizon...

Enhancement of GABAergic activity: neuropharmacological effects of benzodiazepines and therapeutic use in anesthesiology

b>Benzodiazepines exert their effects by binding to multiple subtypes of the GABAA receptor, the predominant subtypes in the brain being those that contain alpha1-, alpha2-, alpha3-, and alpha5-subunits...

..We also assessed the links between productivity level and other clinical outcomes...

Asenapine versus olanzapine in people with persistent negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Robert W BuchananDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USAJ Clin Psychopharmacol 32:36-45. 2012

..In conclusion, asenapine superiority over olanzapine was not observed in the core studies. Both treatments improved persistent negative symptoms, but discontinuation rates were higher with asenapine...

To determine how concomitant use of potentially interacting drugs, drug dosage, and duration of therapy modify the risk of hip fracture associated with use of benzodiazepines and benzodiazepine-related drugs (BDZ) in older adults.

Amygdala-specific reduction of alpha1-GABAA receptors disrupts the anticonvulsant, locomotor, and sedative, but not anxiolytic, effects of benzodiazepines in mice

..These animal data indicate that chronic oral treatment with chlorpromazine or olanzapine can impair the performance of tasks designed to assess specific components of cognition that are affected in schizophrenia...

..GABA(A) receptors are the major inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. Some of them are targets of benzodiazepines that are widely used in clinical practice for their sedative/hypnotic, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and ..

The association between dementia and long-term use of benzodiazepine in the elderly: nested case-control study using claims data

..The aim of the present review was to examine findings from prospective studies carried out in general population samples exploring whether exposure to benzodiazepines is associated with an increased risk of incident cognitive decline.

..Older adults with delirium receive potentially harmful medications such as anticholinergics and benzodiazepines and are more prone to falls, injuries, pressure ulcers and restraints than their counterparts with no ..

..We will evaluate if deficits in paired pulse inhibition are reversed by antipsychotics and subtype-selective benzodiazepines. We will also assess if blocking GABAAR clustering in the cortex induces other schizophrenia-related ..

..self-sustaining, independent of their original cholinergic trigger, and refractory to standard treatment (benzodiazepines), and represent an unresolved problem and potentially a very serious military and terrorist threat...

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Benzodiazepines (BZs) enhance inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABARs) in the central nervous system and are clinically used to treat insomnia, anxiety, and seizure disorders...

..that activation of PKC-4 neurons is required for the behavioral effects of anxiolytic drugs, such as benzodiazepines. These studies should begin to provide a functional dissection of the amygdala at the level of granularity of ..

..prevention and healing of pressure ulcers), risks (use of restraints, prescription of antipsychotics or benzodiazepines, and transitions to the ER and acute care hospital), and health care expenditures...

..Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic, recurrent form of the disorder. Although benzodiazepines and serotonin reuptake inhibitors have become the mainstay therapy of GAD, these drugs are often associated ..

..First, she will investigate associations between use of specific medications-acid-suppressing medications, benzodiazepines, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), and statins-and risk of pneumonia, a common and serious ..

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Benzodiazepines are extremely important in the treatment of disorders, such as anxiety, insomnia and ethanol withdrawal. Unfortunately, these drugs have abuse and dependence liability...

..Emerging evidence suggests that the chronic effects of neuroactive steroids are different from those of benzodiazepines;such differences can be exploited to improve our understanding of GABAA receptor function, particularly ..

..practices recorded prospectively in 109 Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) showed that opioids and benzodiazepines were most commonly used, with large variations in clinical practice. No analgesia/sedation was given to 73...

..of mechanical ventilation, such as level of awakeness, mandated titrations and total dose of opiates and benzodiazepines. However, within each group (intervention, control) and across the entire cohort, variation in the duration ..

..implicates ammonia, astrocytes, and excessive GABAergic activity mediated by elevated levels of endogenous benzodiazepines. During the prior funding period, the investigator studied the role of astrocytes, ammonia and ..