This project has been funded with CMAQ over multiple years. All calculations apply to 1 year of operating costs and emissions reductions.

Adm/oper

$956,000

$0

$956,000

Total

$956,000

$0

$956,000

Total annualized public cost

$956,000

Annual revenues

None

Net public cost

$956,000

Annual private cost

NA

Total net cost

$956,000

NOTE: Methodology assumes that all new carpoolers/vanpoolers previously drove alone (this may be reasonable, but perhaps should be confirmed through surveys). Carpool/vanpool formation rate should account for the fact that all new carpools/vanpools may not operate each day (this may be imbedded in the calculation of this rate).

Category: SHARED RIDE PROGRAMS

Subcategory: Regional Ridesharing

CMAQ Project ID: PA20050202

Project Year: 2005

Location: Oakland, Pennsylvania

MPO: Southwestern Pennsylvania Commission MPO

Description: University of Pittsburgh TDM Program - The Oakland Area TDM Program will fund the operation, marketing, and administration of a ridesharing program for employees and employers in Oakland, part of metropolitan Pittsburgh. Sponsored by the University of Pittsburgh, the program expanded existing ridesharing coordination, employer-sponsored vanpools, and carpool programs. The promotional budget will include 20% print media, 20% signage, 30% radio, and 30% promotional brochures.

Travel Impacts

Δ Vehicle trips

- 2,024/day

METHODOLOGY/ASSUMPTIONS:

Δ VMT

- 22,062 /day

Annual Program Budget = $300,000 - $50,000 overhead

Average work trip length = 10.9 miles

Estimate the number of vehicle trips reduced per $1 of the program = 2.04 trips day

Total VMT was distributed into Rural and Urban locations and Freeway, Arterial, and Local facility types using data from a 1996 County Percent VMT by Facility and Area Type document. Emissions reductions calculated using Mobile 5a emissions factors for each of these locations and facility types.

Δ CO

-187.4 kg/day

Δ PM10

NA

Δ PM2.5

NA

Δ Total

-57.1 kg/day(0.063 tpd)

Costs

Project life: 2 yrs

Interest rate: 7%

CMAQ

NON-CMAQ

TOTAL

METHODOLOGY/ASSUMPTIONS:

Capital

$0

$0

$0

Funding is for 2 years of operating subsidy for the program

Adm/oper

$480,000

$120,000

$600,000

Total

$480,000

$120,000

$600,000

Total annualized public cost

$358,670

Annual revenues

None

Net public cost

$600,000

Annual private cost

NA

Total net cost

$1.08 M

NOTE: The documentation is unclear on details about the cost assumptions. The travel methodology suggests that the program budget on which the trip reduction benefits are estimated is $250,000/year, though this is supposed to be the budget without overhead; for this project. Moreover, the effectiveness calculation is based on an assumption of 2.04 vehicle trips reduced per day for each $1 of the program, but documentation was not provided; it is unclear where this metric was derived and whether it is appropriate for this program.

Category: SHARED RIDE PROGRAMS

Subcategory: Regional Ridesharing

CMAQ Project ID: Not Yet Assigned

Project Year: 2007

Location: Birmingham, AL

MPO: Birmingham Regional Planning Commission

Description: CommuteSmart Commuter Services Program Operations - The project will fund the continuing operation of the CommuteSmart Commuter Services Program in Birmingham, Alabama. The program includes a ridesharing database, a vanpool program with up to 34 vans in 2007 and a carpool program.

Cost benefit was calculated using a weighted ranking system that considered the following:

(10%) Project in a congested corridor

(15%) Length (years) of project effectiveness

(25%) Emissions reduction

(25%) Congestion reduction (VHT)

(25%) Cost

This objective ranking was then combined with subjective rankings by staff and 3 different committees consisting of city planners and elected officials.

Adm/oper

$0

$0

$0

Total

$448,000

$0

$448,000

Total annualized public cost

$128,200

Annual revenues

None

Net public cost

$448,000

Annual private cost

NA

Total net cost

$448,000

NOTE: The project description provided by the sponsor lists a purchase of 15 vehicles, while the project description in the CMAQ database describes this project as the purchase of 70 vans. The project cost provided by the sponsor lists the project cost as $377,582, while the database lists the CMAQ-allotted funds as $448,000. The discrepancy might stem from the difference in the amount of vehicles purchased. The calculation does not explicitly account for any increase in emissions from the vans operating.

Category: SHARED RIDE PROGRAMS

Subcategory: Vanpool Program

CMAQ Project ID: UT20050005

Project Year: 2005

Location: Ogden and Layton, Utah

MPO: Wasatch Front Regional Council MPO

Description: 5 New Vans for Vanpool Leasing Program - This project is the expansion of the UTA Vanpool Leasing Program through the purchase of 5 vans for the Ogden and Layton area.

Cost/benefit calculation Projects were ranked from first to last for cost/congestion benefit (VHT reduced) and cost/air quality benefit (tons emissions). The benefits were multiplied by the project life the number of years the benefits would be returned. The two rank scores were then added together and all projects were ranked again based on this composite score. The objective ranking was then combined with subjective rankings by staff and 3 different committees consisting of city planners and elected officials.

Adm/oper

$0

$0

$0

Total

$148,000

$32,866

$180,866

Total annualized public cost

$47,676

Annual revenues

None

Net public cost

$180,866

Annual private cost

NA

Total net cost

$180,866

NOTE: Emissions reductions provided by the State sponsor do not match those reported in the CMAQ database (-5 VOC, -54 CO, and -6 NOx). The calculation does not explicitly account for any increase in emissions from the vans operating.

Category: SHARED RIDE PROGRAMS

Subcategory: Vanpool Program

CMAQ Project ID: KY20060004

Project Year: 2006

Location: Lexington, Kentucky

MPO: Lexington Area MPO

Description: 6 New Vans for LexTran Vanpool Service - This project is the purchase of six new 12-passenger vans for LexVan, a commuter vanpool program managed by the Lexington Bluegrass Mobility Office. LexVan leases these passenger vans to groups of people who vanpool to work. The passengers are matched to a vanpool group using ridesharing computer software and each passenger pays a monthly fare which covers all operating costs, fuel, and insurance. This program has a direct effect in reducing the number of Single Occupancy Vehicles (SOVs) during peak hours.

Travel Impacts

Δ Vehicle trips

- 132 /day

METHODOLOGY/ASSUMPTIONS:

Δ VMT

- 3,300 /day

Each new van removes a maximum of 11 SOVs from the road system and has a 50 mile average LexVan round trip.

The emissions rates are for hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and are from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) highway vehicle emissions factor models. They assume an average properly maintained vehicle on the road in July, operating on typical gasoline on a warm summer day (72-96 degrees F).

The per day reductions based on an average of 21 work/school days in a given month or 252 days in the 12 months per year period used for the emissions analysis.

The cost for the purchase of 6 new 12-passenger vans is estimated at $20,000 each. This includes the installation of extra equipment. Such as side steps, striping, grab handles, etc. The entire local match is paid from the LexVan (vanpool) program fares.

Adm/oper

$0

$0

$0

Total

$96,000

$24,000

$120,000

Total annualized public cost

$30,643

Annual revenues

None

Net public cost

$120,000

Annual private cost

NA

Total net cost

$120,000

NOTE: The calculation does not explicitly account for any increase in emissions from the vans operating.

Category: SHARED RIDE PROGRAMS

Subcategory: Park and Ride Lots

CMAQ Project ID: MD20000017

Project Year: 2000

Location: Maryland

MPO: Baltimore Metropolitan Council

Description: Two New 25-Space Lots - Construction of two new park and ride facilities at I-95 interchanges at MD 272 and MD 279. Each park and ride lot will contain 25 parking spaces.

Lot utilization rates and the percentage of new riders were determined from surveys at existing park and ride lots.

Δ Speed

NA

Δ Delay

NA

Δ SOV

NA

Δ CP/VP

NA

Δ Transit

NA

Δ Walk

NA

Δ Bike

NA

Emissions

Δ VOC

- 0.012 kg/day

METHODOLOGY/ASSUMPTIONS:

Δ NOx

- 0.058 kg/day

Emissions reductions were calculated by multiplying VMT reduction by per-mile emissions factors. Emissions were calculated based on 1999 emissions factors developed for the Baltimore region based on the MOBILE model. Assumed running speed is 60 mph.

VOC Emissions Factor: 0.552 g/mi

NOx Emissions Factor: 2.559 g/mi

Δ CO

NA

Δ PM10

NA

Δ PM2.5

NA

Δ Total

-0.070 kg/day(0.000077 tpd)

Costs

Project life: 12 yrs

Interest rate: 7%

CMAQ

NON-CMAQ

TOTAL

METHODOLOGY/ASSUMPTIONS:

Capital

$132,817

$0

$132,817

Cost-effectiveness was not provided by sponsor. In order to calculate cost-effectiveness, assume the project has benefits 250 days per year for 12 years.

Adm/oper

$0

$0

$0

Total

$132,817

$0

$132,817

Total annualized public cost

$12,537

Annual revenues

None

Net public cost

$132,817

Annual private cost

NA

Total net cost

$132,817

NOTES: Assumptions regarding travel impacts seem very low. In particular, a 15% utilization rate means that on average only 7.5 of the 50 new spaces are utilized, and only about one person per day is assumed to reducing a vehicle trip. Also, the assumption of a 20 mile round trip (10 miles each way) for a park and ride trip sounds low, particularly given that the lots are located in Cecil County, about 20 miles from Wilmington, DE and from Aberdeen, MD, and 40 miles from close-in Baltimore suburbs. In the CMAQ database, this project appears to have been improperly listed as in the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments' MPO. Current Maryland State Highway Administration web site shows 25 spaces at I-95 @ MD 279 (Elkton) lot and 17 spaces at I-95 @ MD 272 (Elkton) lot.

Category: SHARED RIDE PROGRAMS

Subcategory: Park and Ride Lots

CMAQ Project ID: WI20000034, WI20000035

Project Year: 2000

Location: Southeastern Wisconsin

MPO: Southeastern Wisconsin RPC

Description: Lake Geneva and Root Creek Lot - These are two out of a group of three park and ride lots being implemented by the WisDOT District 2 office out of a group of four candidate sites recommended in the Regional Transportation Plan for Southeastern Wisconsin. The lots are designed to encourage carpooling and use of existing public transportation.

Travel Impacts

Δ Vehicle trips

0

METHODOLOGY/ASSUMPTIONS:

Δ VMT

- 3,600/day

Assumes 450 spaces constructed for all 3 lots, average occupancy of 40%, and an average one-way commute of 10 miles. Lot-specific calculations were not conducted.

Emissions reductions were calculated by multiplying VMT reduction by per-mile emissions factors for a typical summer day, based on MOBILE.

Assumes speed = 35 mph.

Δ CO

NA

Δ PM10

NA

Δ PM2.5

NA

Δ Total

- 5.33 kg/day(0.0059 tpd)

Costs

Project life: 12 yrs

Interest rate: 7%

CMAQ

NON-CMAQ

TOTAL

METHODOLOGY/ASSUMPTIONS:

Capital

$48,000

$0

$48,000

CMAQ cost of $24,000 per lot was listed in documentation provided by State and FHWA CMAQ database (cost noted here is for two lots listed in CMAQ database for FY 2000). Cost-effectiveness was not provided by sponsor. In order to calculate cost-effectiveness, assume the project has benefits 250 days per year for 20 years. Cost should be scaled up to reflect full cost of all three park and ride facilities assume $72,000 ($24,000 x 3).

Adm/oper

$0

$0

$0

Total

$48,000

NA

$48,000

Total annualized public cost

NA

Annual revenues

None

Net public cost

$48,000

Annual private cost

NA

Total net cost

$48,000

NOTE: Calculated emissions reductions are based on all three park and ride lots, although separate CMAQ projects were listed only for these two park and ride lots in FY 2000. Travel calculation assumes that all users of the park and ride facility previously were driving alone (no adjustment to account for share of users who previously carpooled, unless that is somehow incorporated into the utilization factor).

Lot utilization rates and the percentage of new riders were determined from surveys at existing park and ride lots.

Δ Speed

- 5,393/day

Δ Delay

NA

Δ SOV

NA

Δ CP/VP

NA

Δ Transit

NA

Δ Walk

NA

Δ Bike

NA

Emissions

Δ VOC

- 1.375 kg/day

METHODOLOGY/ASSUMPTIONS:

Δ NOx

- 5.889 kg/day

Emissions reductions were calculated by multiplying VMT reduction by per-mile emissions factors. Emissions were calculated based on 2005 (year of service opening) emissions factors developed for Baltimore region based on Mobile model. Assumed running speed is 50 mph, based on posted speed limit.

VOC Emissions Factor: 0.255 grams/mile

NOx Emissions Factor: 1.092 grams/mile

Δ CO

NA

Δ PM10

NA

Δ PM2.5

NA

Δ Total

- 7.264 kg/day(0.00801 tpd)

Costs

Project life: 12 yrs

Interest rate: 7%

CMAQ

NON-CMAQ

TOTAL

METHODOLOGY/ASSUMPTIONS:

Capital

$1,218,831

$0

$1,218,831

Cost-effectiveness was not provided by sponsor. In order to calculate cost-effectiveness, assume the project has benefits 250 days per year for 12 years.

Adm/oper

$0

$0

$0

Total

$1,218,831

$0

$1,218,831

Total annualized public cost

$180,050

Annual revenues

None

Net public cost

NA

Annual private cost

NA

Total net cost

NA

NOTE: In the CMAQ database, this project appears to have been improperly listed as in the Pedestrian/Bicycle category. Current Maryland State Highway Administration web site shows MD 210 @ MD 373 (Aceokeek) park and ride lot contains 489 spaces.

Category: SHARED RIDE PROGRAMS

Subcategory: Park-and-Ride Lots

CMAQ Project ID: KY20050012

Project Year: 2005

Location: Union/Walton, Kentucky

MPO: Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Regional COG

Description: Walton/Union Lot with 200 Spaces - This project is the continued expansion and development of park-and-ride facilities in Northern Kentucky, along fixed transit routes in Boone, Kenton, and Campbell Counties. Improvements to existing lots include improving signage, adding bike parking racks, providing information kiosks, and updating Park & Ride brochures. Acquisitions of a new site for a new lot will provide approximately 200 new parking spaces for area commuters. These improvements and expansions will attract more riders to the system; thereby reducing single-occupancy automobile trips, reducing emissions, improving air quality, and reducing congestion.

Future operating expenses will be funded through local revenue source and fare revenue. Cost-effectiveness was not provided by the project sponsor.

Adm/oper

$0

$0

$0

Total

$844,800

$211,200

$1,056,000

Total annualized public cost

$143,695

Annual revenues

None

Net public cost

$1,056,000

Annual private cost

NA

Total net cost

$1,056,000

NOTE: The emissions reductions reported for VOC and PM2.5 in the documentation are slightly different from the amounts calculated using the methodology reported (-1 VOC, No Data PM2.5).

Category: SHARED RIDE PROGRAMS

Subcategory: Park and Ride Lots

CMAQ Project ID: WA20010004, WA20050035

Project Year: 2005

Location: Seattle, Washington

MPO: Puget Sound Regional Council

Description: Expansion of Terrace Station Transfer Lot to 880 Spaces - This project will fund the construction of a multi-level parking structure on the lower-level of an existing park-and-ride lot located at I-5 and 236th Street SW.. The new garage will increase parking capacity from 388 to 880 spaces. Improvements will also be made to the elevators, pedestrian walkways, landscaping, lighting, bicycle racks, and security features. The Terrace Station park and ride primarily serves downtown Seattle and the University of Washington, for an average one-way distance of 12 miles.

Travel Impacts

Δ Vehicle trips

0

METHODOLOGY/ASSUMPTIONS:

Δ VMT

- 8,856 /day

VMT reductions were calculated using a 12 mile average one-way trip distance from the lot to a final destination and the number of additional parking stalls added (492).

Emissions reductions calculated using the TCM Tools program created by Parsons Brinkerhoff and Sierra Research in 1994, which applies project data to MOBILE emissions factors and regional data to produce the emissions reductions for CO, VOCs, and NOx.

Δ CO

- 145.0 kg/day

Δ PM10

NA

Δ PM2.5

NA

Δ Total

- 27.0 kg/day(0.030 tpd)

Costs

Project life: 30 yrs

Interest rate: 7%

CMAQ

NON-CMAQ

TOTAL

METHODOLOGY/ASSUMPTIONS:

Capital

$4.15 M

$15.85 M

$20 M

CMAQ funding for this project was $865,000 for WA20010004 and $3,285,000 for WA20050035 in the CMAQ database. (For a total of $4.15M.)

The Total Project Cost is estimated as $20,000,000. Other funds in the project include other Federal and State/local funds besides CMAQ. Cost-effectiveness was not provided by the project sponsor.

Adm/oper

$0

$0

$0

Total

$4.15 M

$15.85 M

$20 M

Total annualized public cost

$1,742,000

Annual revenues

None

Net public cost

$20 M

Annual private cost

NA

Total net cost

$20 M

NOTE: It is unclear how old the emissions factors used for this project are.