Tag Archive: treatment processes

Disinfection By-products In Water As indicated in previous post, organic and inorganic matter in source water will react with residual disinfecting agents to produce undesirable by-products. Chlorine reacts with heavy molecular NOM and bromide producing THMS and HAA5. THMs consist...Read more

Residual Disinfectant in Water Residual disinfectant in water will be present in raw water supplies from a surface source or groundwater source influenced by a surface source. The U.S. EPA Ground Water Rule (GWR) (U.S. EPA, 2006a) requires community water...Read more

Colloids in Water Colloids in water are substances that are larger than ionic material but smaller than particulate matter. In general, colloids will exhibit a size of 0.01 to 0.1 µm or larger. On the basis of the ability of...Read more

Dissolved Gases Dissolved gases are considered to be impurities and these are of two types wiz Non-reactive gases and Reactive gases. Non-reactive Gases: Nonreactive gases are dissolved gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen, that do not react with water to...Read more

Ionic Material Ionic material is classified as any material that both dissolves in water and produces positive ions (cations) and negative ions (anions). There are two important processes to consider: solubility and ionization. Before a substance can produce ions, it...Read more

Particulate matter Particulate matter is material which is non-soluble inorganic or organic impurities that may be exist in a water supply. It can be considered as the residue present on a filter media after water is passed through the filter. These can...Read more

Impurities in raw water To discuss the various unit operations configured in a water purification system we need to know impurities present in raw water. The nature, type, and concentration of various impurities should define the water purification system. Definition...Read more

A number of natural materials such as zeolites, which are complex sodium-aluminium silicates, have the ability to exchange ions in their structure for other ions with which they come into contact. Synthetic ion-exchange resins have been developed to provide higher...Read more

Most sources of water will require some treatment to remove undesirable constituents or simply as a precautionary measure to deal with accidental contamination. Similarly, most wastewaters need considerable purification before they can be safely discharged into the surrounding environment. With...Read more