The crystal lattice of an arachidic (CdA) monolayer on the surface of aqueous subphase in a Langmuir trough was investigated in situ by polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The spectra reveal a hexagonal packing of the hydrocarbon chains on the subphase of and 293–283 K. Cooling from 283 to 280 K induces the hexagonal unit cell to transform to an orthorhombic one, as evidenced by the splitting of the scissoring mode. This transition is observed to be reversible with temperature variation within 293–274 K. On the subphase of the crystal lattice of CdA is orthorhombic even at 293 K. The temperature-dependent crystal lattice transition of CdA is compared with the monotonic hexagonal subcell of a cadmium stearate monolayer within 293–274 K and the orthorhombic subcell of a cadmium behenate monolayer within 293–274 K.

In this communication we present the exact, local, one-electron, second-order correlation potential for molecules, for use in density functional studies. The correlation potential is represented in a basis set, and when combined with the exact exchange potential, it provides an exchange–correlation potential that is derived exclusively from exact, orbital-dependent expressions. In this sense, such potentials provide an ab initiodensity functional theory(DFT) that permits convergence to the exact answer as higher order terms are introduced, just as is the case for ab initio correlated methods. Furthermore, this potential includes some dispersion effects that are missing from other DFT potentials.

Nematics confined between antagonistically anchoring walls exert a positive disjoining pressure derived from the elastic energy of rotation of the director. We calculate negative corrections due to the presence of thermally excited disclinations in the director field.

Gas–liquid scattering experiments are used to determine the ways in which surfactantbismuth atoms alter energy flow in collisions of argon atoms with a liquid solution of 0.02% bismuth: 99.98% gallium. We find that argon–alloy energy exchange and argon scattering intensities are governed by the surface coverage of Bi atoms. A single Bi monolayer masks the underlying Ga atoms, causing the Ga-rich solution to behave like pure liquid Bi.

We report the first results of ultra-fast enhanced light emission from gold– and silver–dendrimer nanocomposites. There is a fast (70 fs) fluorescence decay component associated with the metal nanocomposites.Anisotropy measurements show that this fast component is depolarized. The enhanced emission is suggestively due to local field enhancement in the elongated metal–dendrimer nanoparticles.

We theoretically analyze the optical response of an ultrathin film with accounting for the effects of creating two exciton states as well as their annihilation in an individual aggregate. We show that these two processes do not violate mirrorless optical bistability of the film found in the framework of the ground-to-one exciton state transitions but, contrary to that, act towards improving the conditions for bistability to occur. In particular, the killing action of inhomogeneous broadening of the one-exciton absorptionspectrum may be considerably reduced due to the exciton–exciton annihilation process giving hope for creating a unit for an all-optical device based on such systems.

We measured the electric polarizability of molecules. The experimental values can be interpreted by the existence of a permanent electric dipole for every size. This cannot be explained by a metal shell around the but this is in agreement with a sodium cluster bound to the