Judaism is the religion, philosophy, and way of life of the Jews, a group of Semitic people with historical origins in the Middle East. The common characteristics of the Jewish religious tradition, divinatory traditions and magical traditions are the veneration of the deity JHVH, also known as Yahweh or Jehovah and the use of several books of scriptures known as the Tanakh or Jewish Bible. The early history and practices of Judaism are documented in the Tanakh and its later beliefs are discussed in non-scriptural texts such as the Talmud.

Judaism has a historical continuity spanning more than 3,000 years. It is one of the oldest monotheistic religions, and the oldest to survive into the present day. The Hebrews or Israelites were already referred to as "Jews" in later books of the Tanakh, such as the Book of Esther, in which the term Jews replaces the title "Children of Israel."

The New Synagogue in Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan

A traditional Jewish wedding held under the chuppah, a canopy that symbolizes the newly married couple's first home

Judaism's texts, traditions and values strongly influenced later Abrahamic religions, including Christianity, Islam, and the Baha'i Faith. Many aspects of Judaism have also directly or indirectly influenced secular Western ethics and civil law.

Modern Judaism comprises a number of denominations, among them Rabbanic or Rabbinic (divided into Orthodox, Reform, Liberal, Hassidic, and Conservative), Samaritan, Karaite, Humanistic, and Ethical Culture.

The Samaritans believe only in the first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures or Tanakh -- namely, the Torah -- and their version of the Torah differs in minor ways from that of the Karaites and the Rabbanites.

The Karaites and Rabbinites believe in the entire Hebrew Scriptures or Tanakh, but they differ greatly in other beliefs. A central tenet of Rabbinic religious Judaism is the belief that God revealed His laws and commandments to Moses on Mount Sinai in the form of both the Written Torah and the Oral Torah. The Karaites maintain that only the Written Torah was revealed to Moses and that the Rabbinic or Oral teachings are essentially human and not God-given doctrine.

The Samaritans bring the Passover sacrifice on Mt. Gerizim every year while Karaites do not currently bring sacrifices because they do not have the ashes of the Red Heifer to purify ourselves, and Rabbinites do not bring sacrifices since the destruction of the Second Temple.

Not all Jews are theistic. In modern times, liberal movements such as Humanistic Judaism and the Ethical Culture movement are deeply and fervently Jewish in terms of their beliefs, practices, and customs, but are essentially non-theistic in terms of their theological outlook.

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