Optimization has become pervasive in medicine. The application of computing
to medical applications has opened many challenging issues and problems for
both the medical computing field and the mathematical community. Mathematical
techniques (continuous and discrete) are playing a key role with
increasing importance in understanding several fundamental problems in
medicine. Naturally, optimization is a fundamentally important tool due to the
limitation of the resources involved and the need for better decision making....

Extensive knowledge bases of entailment rules between predicates are crucial for applied semantic inference. In this paper we propose an algorithm that utilizes transitivity constraints to learn a globally-optimal set of entailment rules for typed predicates. We model the task as a graph learning problem and suggest methods that scale the algorithm to larger graphs. We apply the algorithm over a large data set of extracted predicate instances, from which a resource of typed entailment rules has been recently released (Schoenmackers et al., 2010). ...

Given a parallel corpus, semantic projection attempts to transfer semantic role annotations from one language to another, typically by exploiting word alignments. In this paper, we present an improved method for obtaining constituent alignments between parallel sentences to guide the role projection task. Our extensions are twofold: (a) we model constituent alignment as minimum weight edge covers in a bipartite graph, which allows us to ﬁnd a globally optimal solution efﬁciently; (b) we propose tree pruning as a promising strategy for reducing alignment noise. ...

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile), is a standard set developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe technologies for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks. Developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks, the GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony.

The acceleration of globalization and the growth of emerging economies present signifi
cant opportunities for business expansion. One of the quickest ways to achieve
effective international expansion is by leveraging the web, which allows for the technological
connectivity of global markets and opportunities to compete on a global basis.
To systematically engage and thrive in this networked global economy, professionals
and students need a new skill set – one that can help them develop, manage, assess, and
optimize efforts to successfully launch websites for tapping global markets.

For the philosopher of history, G.W.F. Hegel, the fundamental challenge for any
student of societal evolution is to apprehend in thought the spirit of the age (or the
zeitgeist)—i.e., to understand the motive force of change while it is still at work
(Lauer, 1974). Catching the zeitgeist ‘in the act,’ so to speak, is a matter of practical
importance; for gaining such an understanding would seem to be a necessary,
if not sufficient, condition for successfully shaping ‘for the better’ any future state
of affairs. Hegel does not give us much cause for optimism here.

Given the spatial relationships extracted as described above, our
goal is to integrate this information into an optimization framework
with a properly deﬁned cost function quantifying the quality of the
furniture arrangement. Given an arbitrary room layout populated by
furniture objects, the synthesized arrangement should be useful for
virtual environment modeling in games and movies, interior design
software, and other applications.
The search space of our problem is highly complex as objects are
interdependent in the optimization process.

The optimism born of the world's first successful disease-eradication campaign invigorated the international health community, if only briefly. Global consensus regarding the right to primary health care for all was reached at the International Conference on Primary Health Care in Alma-Ata (in what is now Kazakhstan) in 1978. However, the declaration of this collective vision was not followed by substantial funding, nor did the apparent consensus reflect universal commitment to the right to health care. Moreover, as is too often the case, success paradoxically weakened commitment. ...

We propose a hybrid approach to coordinate structure analysis that combines a simple grammar to ensure consistent global structure of coordinations in a sentence, and features based on sequence alignment to capture local symmetry of conjuncts. The weight of the alignmentbased features, which in turn determines the score of coordinate structures, is optimized by perceptron training on a given corpus. A bottom-up chart parsing algorithm efﬁciently ﬁnds the best scoring structure, taking both nested or nonoverlapping ﬂat coordinations into account. ...

In this paper, new simulation techniques are described to determine instability-free configurations, making it possible to guarantee that the final workpiece profile is round. With this information and taking into account other process restrictions, like system static stiffness and workpiece tolerance, the optimal grinding cycle is designed. These results have been implemented into an intelligent tool to assist the application of this research in industrial environments.

We propose a global algorithm for learning entailment relations between predicates. We deﬁne a graph structure over predicates that represents entailment relations as directed edges, and use a global transitivity constraint on the graph to learn the optimal set of edges, by formulating the optimization problem as an Integer Linear Program. We motivate this graph with an application that provides a hierarchical summary for a set of propositions that focus on a target concept, and show that our global algorithm improves performance by more than 10% over baseline algorithms. ...

We show how global constraints such as transitivity can be treated intensionally in a Zero-One Integer Linear Programming (ILP) framework which is geared to ﬁnd the optimal and coherent partition of coreference sets given a number of candidate pairs and their weights delivered by a pairwise classiﬁer (used as reliable clustering seed pairs). In order to ﬁnd out whether ILP optimization, which is NPcomplete, actually is the best we can do, we compared the ﬁrst consistent solution generated by our adaptation of an efﬁcient Zero-One algorithm with the optimal solution. ...

GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), is a standard set developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe technologies for second generation digital cellular networks. Developed as a replacement for first generation analog cellular networks, the GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. The standard was expanded over time to include first circuit switched data transport, then packet data transport via GPRS (General Packet Radio Services)....

This guide explains how features work in the Exchange Server architecture, and how to configure and manage these features for optimal results. This content ranges from configuring global settings at an organizational level, to managing individual servers, to managing Exchange clusters. After reading this guide, you will have a solid understanding of what it takes to configure and manage your Exchange Server 2003 organization.

Being a leader is tougher than ever! Workplaces are more complex and competitive. Change is occurring at the speed of light. Work relationships need to be built in broader, matrixed, and more global organizations. Today’s leaders need new skills and more support to respond to the challenges and opportunities that rocket their way like water out of a fire hose. I have great respect for the people who take on the role of leader.
Great leaders are able to make a significant difference. They shape results and our work experience. Being a leader can also be a stressful and thankless job....

Plants are continuously affected by a variety of
environmental factors. Whereas biotic environmental
factors are other organisms such as symbionts,
parasites, pathogens, herbivores, and
competitors, abiotic factors include parameters
and resources which determine plant growth like
temperature, relative humidity, light, availability
of water, mineral nutrients, and CO 2 , as well as
wind, ionizing radiation, or pollutants (Schulze
et al. 2002 ) . The effect each abiotic factor has on
the plant depends on its quantity or intensity.

The rapidly increasing global population has dramatically increased the demands for
natural resources and has caused signiﬁcant changes in quantity and quality of natural
resources.To achieve sustainable resource management, it is essential to obtain insight-
ful guidance from emerging disciplines such as landscape ecology.This text addresses
the links between landscape ecology and natural resource management.These links are
discussed in the context of various landscape types,a diverse set of resources,and a wide
range ofmanagement issues.