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Carcinoid tumors are rare, slow-growing tumors. Some may be functional neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the gastrointestinal system, lungs, or thymus and release hormones or vasoactive substances. These factors cause clinical syndromes characterized by flushing and diarrhea (gastrointestinal) or wheezing and right heart effects (bronchopulmonary). Carcinoid syndromes usually do not occur until tumors metastasize to the liver.

Increased urine 5-HIAA concentration is common and may be the result of improper specimen collection, consumption of serotonin containing foods or dietary supplements, drug interference, or malabsorption syndromes

Serotonin must be avoided 72 hours before and during collection of urine specimen