Tuesday's violence broke out before dawn when security forces entered an area where demonstrations have been held since January near Hawijah, west of Kirkuk province's eponymous capital, according to senior army officers, who gave a toll of 27 people killed there and around 70 wounded.

But accounts differed as to the spark for the bloodletting in the northern Iraqi province.

One of the officers, a brigadier general for the area, said the operation was aimed at Sunni militants from a group known as the Naqshbandiya Army, and that security forces only opened fire after they were fired upon.

A second officer said 34 Kalashnikov assault rifles and four PKM machineguns were recovered at the scene.

Two soldiers were killed and seven wounded in the operation, while the rest of the casualties were a combination of protesters and militants, the officers said.

Protesters, however, insisted the army had provoked the clashes.

Security forces "invaded our sit-in today, burned the tents and opened fire indiscriminately and killed and wounded dozens of protesters," Abdulmalik al-Juburi, a leader of the Hawijah sit-in, told AFP.

"We only have four rifles to protect the sit-in, and there are no wanted people among us," Juburi said.

The dawn violence sparked revenge attacks.

Thirteen gunmen were killed carrying out attacks on army checkpoints in Kirkuk province, the army officers said.

"When they heard the news about the killed and wounded in the sit-in, sons of the tribes from all the villages in Kirkuk cut the roads and attacked checkpoints and military headquarters and took control of some of the checkpoints for a short time," Juburi said, also putting the toll at 13 dead.

Armed protesters later killed six Iraqi soldiers and kidnapped a seventh near Ramadi, west of Baghdad, burned two armoured personnel carriers and held the soldier at the site of their sit-in on the highway, police First Lieutenant Ibrahim Faraj said.

Gunmen attacked checkpoints in the Sulaiman Bek area in Salaheddin province, sparking clashes in which five Iraqi soldiers and one gunman were killed, and six other gunmen wounded, said Ahmed Aziz, a member of the local municipal council.

And gunmen killed two federal police and wounded three in Fallujah, west of Baghdad, a police officer and a doctor said.

Two ministers quit in the wake of the initial violence on Tuesday, bringing the number of Sunni cabinet ministers who have resigned since March 1 to four.

An official from Deputy Prime Minister Saleh al-Mutlak's office said education minister Mohammed Ali Tamim had resigned, while Parliament Speaker Osama al-Nujaifi later said science and technology minister Abdulkarim al-Samarraie told him by telephone he too was quitting.

Agriculture minister Ezzedine al-Dawleh quit on March 8 and finance minister Rafa al-Essawi did likewise on March 1.

Tuesday was not the first time that anti-government demonstrations in Iraq have turned deadly -- security forces killed a protester in the northern city of Mosul on March 8, and eight demonstrators near Fallujah, west of Baghdad, on January 25.

Thirteen people were also killed in apparently unrelated attacks on Tuesday.

Two rounds of mortar fire hit a Sunni mosque in Muqdadiyah, northeast of Baghdad, killing nine people and wounding 25, police and a doctor said.

Earlier, two roadside bombs exploded as Sunni worshippers were leaving dawn prayers in south Baghdad, killing at least four people and wounding 14, an interior ministry official and a medic said.