Blogging Ann Arbor's Development, Growth & Change

Improving ArborBike and a Bikeable Ann Arbor

Did you know Ann Arbor had a bike sharing progam? Based on the 2015 usage statistics, odds are you didn’t, or simply chose not to use the program for any number of reasons. ArborBike launched in 2014 and 2015 was its first full year of deployment. Ridership did not meet expectations the first year but there’s reason for hope going forward, assuming a continued commitment from the city, the AAATA and the University.

ArborBike is actually owned and operated by the Clean Energy Coalition in partnership with the institutions mentioned above. Perhaps you’ve seen the sporty blue bikes around town or in one of the 13 stations dotting campus and the greater downtown area. Day passes cost $6, annual memberships will run you $65.

In theory, I love the idea of a bike share. It’s great for the environment, eases strain on our notoriously lousy streets and promotes exercise and healthy living. In fact, it’s hard to find fault with it except for the fact that like all other forms of transportation, it requires a public subsidy. Last year the program cost $227K while only bringing in $41K. The University is covering the difference in costs, up to $200K per year for three years as part of the initial pilot program. Initial startup costs of some $750K came in the form of a $600K federal grant and $150K from the city. In the grand scheme of things, not huge dollar amounts but this is public money, it’s important to see results.

Initial membership projections were around 10,000 for 2015. Unfortunately the first year only managed to garner 4,474 riders between annual and day passes, a little less than half of expectations. The question is why? Is it typical for cities to start slow? Do we not have enough stations? Is there just not enough marketing and awareness yet? Are we not a bikeable city?

To start to understand this, I took a look at a couple of comparable cities to see how we stack up. Both Madison, WI and Boulder, CO have had bike share programs in place for several years and both systems were built out by BCycle, the same company behind ArborBike. Below is the historic ridership data for each city.

Year

Stations

Bikes

Trips

Annual Passes

Day Passes

BOULDER

Population:

2011

12

85

18,480

1,170

6,000

105,112

2012

15

110

25,354

869

8,269

City Area (Sq. Miles):

2013

22

150

30,314

807

8,698

25.7

2014

38

280

43,143

1,455

9,834

2015

38

280

83,850

1,539

15,382

MADISON

Population:

2012

29

225

63,325

2,150

11,710

245,691

2013

35

290

81,662

1,843

15,367

City Area (Sq. Miles):

2014

39

315

104,274

2,622

18,651

94.03

2015

40

315

101,339

2,789

25,734

ANN ARBOR

Population:

2015

13

125

14,189

82

3,820

117,770

City Area (Sq. Miles):

28.7

So we’re not too far behind Boulder for the first year although Boulder is a slightly smaller city than Ann Arbor. There’s also some huge opportunity for growth, Boulder has exploded while Madison has put up big ridership numbers but appears to be tapering. I wanted to look at some other metrics as well, notably station and bike density and per capita ridership.

Year

Stations/ Sq. Mile

Stations/ 1,000 Residents

Bikes/ 1,000 Residents

Trips/ 1,000 Residents

BOULDER

Population:

2011

0.47

0.11

0.81

175.81

105,112

2012

0.58

0.14

1.05

241.21

City Area (Sq. Miles):

2013

0.86

0.21

1.43

288.40

25.7

2014

1.48

0.36

2.66

410.45

2015

1.48

0.36

2.66

797.72

MADISON

Population:

2012

0.31

0.12

0.92

257.74

245,691

2013

0.37

0.14

1.18

332.38

City Area (Sq. Miles):

2014

0.41

0.16

1.28

424.41

94.03

2015

0.43

0.16

1.28

412.47

ANN ARBOR

Population:

2015

0.45

0.11

1.06

120.48

117,770

City Area (Sq. Miles):

28.7

Looking at this data, our stations relative to the size of the city and number of residents was in line with the other cities and Ann Arbor actually had more than enough bikes. Still, ridership was over 30% below Boulder and over 50% below Madison in the first year when looking at trips per 1,000 residents.

So our bike share infrastructure seems okay to start with, what’s the reason for the poor ridership? Marketing and exposure is part of it, I believe the city and university could do more to promote the service. But I think the biggest issue is actually the location of the stations and the lack of quality bike lanes and paths in the city.

Let’s start with the bike stations and their locations. With the exception of the North Campus locations (numbers 6 and 7), the vast majority of these sites are easily traversable on foot. Granted, they are located near major points of interest and economic drivers but in order to fully realize the system, I believe there needs to be some stations further afield in areas that are really more accessible by bike.

Potential locations for expansion that come to mind include Michigan Stadium, Burns Park, Veterans Park, West Park, Nichols Arboretum, Argo Park, Eberwhite, Gallup Park, Briarwood Mall, County Farm Park and Barton Nature Area. Many of these locations are well served by bike lanes and several are along the Border-to-Border Trail which is the city’s best scenic bike route that’s truly accessible from the downtown area. While biking is a great way to get around, an ArborBike tour could make a top 10 list of summer activities for an Ann Arbor visit if it includes the river and the natural treasures of our fair city along with the urban sight seeing.

Perhaps most importantly, Ann Arbor needs better bike lane and path infrastructure. The most recent figure I can find is that the city contains 71 miles of bike lanes. Boulder has 160. Beyond that, many of the so-called bike lanes are shared lanes, basically a painting of a bicycle and an arrow on the road in the same right of way as cars. The League of American Bicyclists actually ranks cities based on their “bike friendliness” which includes percentage of streets with bike lanes, percentage of bike commuters, education, safety and a number of other factors. Madison and Boulder both rank “Platinum”, Ann Arbor is certified as “Silver”. UM is rated “Silver” as well while UW earns a “Gold” rating and UC is oddly not rated. (Of note, A2 does rank as the only large city in Michigan to even gain as high as “Silver”).

With few exceptions, biking in this town is not nearly as simple, safe and accessible as the city purports it to be. Cyclists in traffic and bikes on sidewalks are common. There have been several tragic accidents in recent years. If we really expect people to bike this city, both locals on their own bikes and visitors on shared bikes, we have a long way to go in terms of promoting an inviting and safe environment.

The city needs designated bike lanes and more non-motorized paths like the planned Allen Creek Greenway. Bikeable cities attract young people, are healthier, better for the environment and less congested. ArborBike, supported by the proper infrastructure could be a huge success story for the city. Ann Arbor has the opportunity to be a leader in the bikeable space but it will take an ongoing commitment from the citizens, the city and the university to achieve it.

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5 thoughts on “Improving ArborBike and a Bikeable Ann Arbor”

Thanks for this analysis. I’m a UM student, but I’m actually visiting Madison at the moment. I agree that station location in A2 could be better, as well as infrastructure, but I think the layout of the three cities affects things, too.

Downtown Ann Arbor and the UM campus are located immediately adjacent to one another – Main and Huron is just a 10-minute walk from the Diag. By contrast, Boulder’s campus is located close to a mile from its downtown, enough to make bicycling a much more attractive option. In Madison, the campus is also adjacent to downtown, but the more elongated, linear layout of the city – a consequence of the campus hugging the lakeshore, and downtown’s location on an isthmus between lakes – also makes distances somewhat greater than they tend to be in Ann Arbor.

Another comparison I’d suggest is looking at Census data for bicycling and walking in these cities. My guess is that the ped-bike split might be more tilted towards walking in Ann Arbor, for this same reason – although our lackluster bikeway system doesn’t help.

I think this seriously understates the animosity of motorists here vs. the other two cities. You might still be able to find Prof. Natsinas’ study of biking in Washtenaw County (or, maybe not). But the first surprising finding of that study was that everyone he asked mentioned harassment as a problem, whereas in the other communities (I believe he looked at Boulder and Madison), that was an uncommon concern. I had an AAATA bus tailgating me for about a half-mile last week as I was biking to work. Consider that will do for encouraging people to use bike share.

Actually, if anyone would like a PDF copy of Prof. Theodore Natsinas “Successful Bicycle Planning: Adapting Lessons From Communities With High Bicycle Use To Ann Arbor And Washtenaw County”, from September 2001, I have it. Prof. Natsinas was a visiting professor at the UM School of Urban Planning at the time. The study was paid for by the City, the U, AAATA, the Drain Commissioner, and the GetDowntown Program. It specifically compared Ann Arbor to Boulder and Madison.