Figure 1.1: A compressed video image from the 100-Car Study data. The driver’s face (upper left quadrant) is distorted to protect the driver’s identity. The lower right quadrant is split with the left-side (top) and the rear (bottom) views; photographic montage illustrating views from the in-vehicle cameras.

Figure 1.2: The main DAS unit mounted under the “package shelf” of the trunk; photograph of the main data acquisition system (DAS) unit mounted under the “package shelf” of the trunk.

Figure 1.3: Doppler radar antenna mounted on the front of a vehicle. Photograph of the Doppler radar antenna mounted on the front of a vehicle, covered by one of the plastic license plates used for this study.

Figure 1.4: The incident pushbutton box mounted above the rear-view mirror; Photograph of the incident push button box mounted above the rearview mirror. The portion on the right contains the driver face and left road view camera hidden by a smoked Plexiglas cover.

Figure 1.6: Trigger criteria settings for Phase II and Phase IV using the distribution of valid events. Graphical depiction of the distribution of valid critical incidents and the distribution of invalid critical incidents; note that this distribution and criterion placement is unique for each trigger type.

Figure 1.7: Incident event frequency; scatter plot showing the frequency of each vehicle’s involvement in crash, near-crash, and incident events versus the number of baseline epochs selected for each vehicle.

Figure 3.3: Roadway type; bar chart illustrating the Percentage of secondary-task-related, drowsiness-related, and total baseline epochs by type of roadway (divided, not divided, one-way, and no lanes).

Figure 4.11: Frequency of inattention-related crashes; scatter diagram illustrating the frequency of inattention-related crashes and near-crashes by driver in order for Low, Moderate, and High frequency.

Figure 5.1: Frequency distribution of the number of inattention-related baseline epochs; graph illustrating the frequency distribution of the number of inattention-related baseline epochs that each driver was involved (N = 101). Note: Subjects were sorted by frequency of involvement to allow the reader to see the range of values.

Figure 6.1: Drivers’ eyes off roadway; bar chart illustrating the total mean time drivers’ eyes were off the forward roadway during the 6-second segment of time prior to the onset of the conflict.

Figure 6.2: Glances away from the forward roadway; bar chart illustrating the mean number of glances away from the forward roadway occurring during 5 seconds prior and 1 second after the onset of the conflict or during a 6-second baseline driving epoch.

Figure 6.3: Length of longest glance; bar chart illustrating the mean length of longest glance initiated during the 5 seconds prior and 1 second after the onset of the conflict.

Figure 6.4: Depiction of visual angle; drawing showing a depiction of degrees of visual angle from center forward that objects in the cockpit of an automobile are generally located.

Figure 6.5: Longest glance away from roadway; bar chart illustrating the percentage of the location of the longest glance away from the forward roadway by severity.

Figure C-1. Drowsiness Scale; a diagram showing the observer rating of drowsiness scale where not drowsy is equal to 0 and extremely drowsy is equal to 100.