Today, the quality of human capital and active involvement of the disadvantaged people into socioeconomic and political life are the main challenges for the Russian Federation as it is going through another round of modernization. Despite the government allowances, the disadvantaged groups have no motivation to improve their human capital assets and to construct own career. In the paper, we propose the project that aims at impacting the wellbeing of the disadvantaged social groups. We will study the traditional and emerging structural forms of inequality in the context of complicated social reality and an increased rate of social changes, to identify the factors that improve or affect career construction and quality of life of every disadvantaged social group. Referring to career theoretical models and variables, a set of qualitative and quantitative measures will be used to assess strengths and weaknesses of involved people and to better understand relations among variables. These research results allow us to develop and implement career intervention programs aimed at improving people resources and facilitating career and life constructions, as well as social and work participation. These interventions will be devoted both to people with disabilities and their significant others.