Small fixes land big savings

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With a nearly 90-year-old house in Rye, N.Y., Melanie Cadenhead spends a large part of every winter being cold.

The temperature inside usually drops right around Thanksgiving, and Cadenhead pulls out her sweaters. Having shelled out about $1,000 a month last winter trying to warm up the place, she does not plan to crank the heat any higher this year.

“I’ll just sleep in one of those Daniel Boone hats with the ear flaps,” she says. “Winter is not my friend.”

Modern living does not have to be that hard, energy efficiency experts say.

They cite a host of simple ways to cut energy consumption without sacrificing comfort or lifestyle. From sealing air leaks to unplugging cell-phone chargers, these recommended improvements don’t require big-ticket purchases like windows or air or heating systems (although those may be necessary in some cases).

Many energy-saving moves are so inexpensive, relatively speaking, that they quickly pay for themselves.

Unless you’re living in an ultra-modern, ultra-energy-efficient home, the only way to rein in those utility bills is to first show your home a little love. Sealing air leaks — primarily gaps in construction — and upgrading insulation are the No. 1 ways to nip energy waste, says Scott Stefan, a home energy auditor for Elmsford, N.Y.-based BrightHome Energy Solutions.

“American homes are built for cheap energy and we are not in the cheap energy era anymore,” he says. “Almost every home you go into is badly insulated and leaks a lot of air.”

Air leaks, often found around foundations, pipes, recessed lights and chimneys, can be easily identified and sealed; many states have programs that contract with people like Stefan to help you find the source of the problems.

But even sealing your house nice and tight (while still leaving enough airflow for proper ventilation) won’t really do the job if your insulation has stopped doing its job, Stefan says. Warm air can escape right through insulation that’s been in place for 25 years or more.

“We all recognize that we have to replace our cars and computers, and people love to do that,” he says. “But most people have really old insulation — and it’s really beaten down and it’s not doing them any good.”

The cost of sealing leaks or updating insulation varies greatly depending on where you live and the complexity of the job. But “the energy you save from doing this work will more than cover the cost of the work itself,” Stefan says.

Such steps tend to be considerably cheaper than, for instance, replacing leaky windows, another energy-saving step. That could run into the tens of thousands of dollars — although it often could be avoided simply by hanging storm windows in the winter, experts say.

Another way to cut energy consumption is to unplug all those “energy vampires” that suck up electricity even when they’re not being used, says Ken Collier, editor-in-chief at The Family Handyman.

The easiest way is to plug your devices into power strips and turn those power strips off when you wrap things up for the day, he says. Another good option is a product called Smart Strip, which looks like a regular power strip but automatically turns off equipment that it senses is not being used.

Using a programmable thermostat and switching to energy-efficient appliances and light bulbs also can yield substantial savings, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.

Today’s appliances are 40 percent more efficient than those just 14 years old, Stefan says. That’s especially important with big energy suckers like refrigerators.

As for light bulbs, Stefan says, only 6 percent of the electricity drawn by traditional bulbs is turned into light. The rest becomes heat.

Today’s light bulbs can provide energy savings of up to 75 percent and last 10 to 25 times longer than traditional bulbs, according to the Energy Department.

“This is not political or ideological,” Stefan says. “It’s plain old common sense.”