After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the United States government began enacting a series of measures against those with Japanese ancestry. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, authorizing military commanders to designate "military areas" at their discretion, "from which any or all persons may be excluded." On March 2, 1942, General John DeWitt signed Public Proclamation No. 1 establishing the Pacific coast and 100 miles inland as Military Area No. 1 and requiring that anyone with "enemy" ancestry evacuate.