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Newton, a physicist and mathematician, was an instrumental figure in the scientific revolution. His work in astronomy, physics and the natural world laid the foundations of science for the next three centuries. His book "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica" formulated the law of gravity and laid the foundation for classical mechanics. He also helped develop the field of calculus, together with Gottfried Leibniz. Newton was born in 1642 in Woolsthorpe, England, and died in 1727 at age 84.