10 August 2012

Inexpensive Rectenna and Advances in Near Field Communication For Fast and Efficient Mobile Transactions

Near Field Communication (NFC) is a set of rules, guidelines and standards implemented by smartphones and similar mobile devices to establish radio communication with each other by touching them together or bringing them into close proximity.

Some applications that utilizes NFC are wireless or contactless transactions, data exchange, and wi-fi. Contactless payments are usually transactions that involve payment through the smartphone (usually called "smart wallets"). Near field communication (NFC) technology also lets smartphones and other enabled devices communicate with other devices that are not powered through a NFC tag. This is similar in nature to QR codes that smart phones are able to use and read.

Wireless power for the price of a penny

The newspaper-style printing of electronic equipment has led to a cost-effective device that could change the way we interact with everyday objects.

For a price of just one penny per unit the device, known as a rectenna, which is presented today, Friday 10 August, in IOP Publishing's journal Nanotechnology, can be placed onto objects such as price tags, logos and signage so that we can read product information on our smartphones with one simple swipe.

This type of technology, which is known as near-field communication (NFC), has already been implemented to allow fast money transactions; however, this new device could lead the way to large-scale adoption at a low cost.

The rectenna, created by researchers from Sunchon National University and Paru Printed Electronics Research Institute, could be implemented onto everyday objects so that they can harness the power given off by the smartphone's radio waves and send information back to it via printed digital circuits.
Video: 2012 Mobile World Congress: Advances In Near Field Communications (NFC)

It is called a rectenna as it is a combination of an antenna and a rectifier – a device that converts alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC). The rectenna was printed onto plastic foils in large batches using a roll-to-roll process at a rate of 8m min-1. Five different electronic inks were used and each rectenna had a length of around 1300 mm.

The researchers state that the rectenna can harness power directly from radio waves given off by a mobile phone, converting AC into DC. The rectenna created in this study could provide at least 0.3 W of power from an alternating current which had a frequency of 13.56 MHz.

NFC technology is very similar to QR codes, whereby users take a photo of a square-shaped bar code on a poster or advert using their smartphone. The difference with NFC is that items will contain a small computer chip or digital information, operated by DC power.

"What is great about this technique is that we can also print the digital information onto the rectenna, meaning that everything you need for wireless communication is in one place," said co-author of the study Gyoujin Cho.

"Our advantage over current technology is lower cost, since we can produce a roll-to-roll printing process with high throughput in an environmentally friendly manner. Furthermore, we can integrate many extra functions without huge extra cost in the printing process.

"The application of NFC technology with the smartphone will be limitless in the near future. The medical, automotive, military and aerospace industries will benefit greatly."