Controlling refers to measure the actual performance with standard performance and to find out the Deviation. There are six steps of controling process.
1. Setting up the standard :In controlling process the first step to set up the standard. Standard are those criteria on the basis of which the actual performance is measured.
2. Measurement of actual performance : the second step in the process of controlling is the measurement of actual performance. The measurement of actual performance is done on the basis of pre-determined standards.
3. Comparison of actual performance with standard : at this step, actual performance is compared with standard and deviation are found. Deviation can be positive or negative.
4. Analysis deviation : at this stage deviation are analysed. Following things are studied :
a. Is standard being attained
b. Is deviation acceptable?.
c. Is standard acceptable?
d. Revising the standard.
5. Taking corrective action : The purpose of corrective action is to bring the actual work progress to the level of potential progress.

Meaning & Definition: Controlling involves comparison of actual performance with the planned performance. If there is any difference or deviation, then finding the reasons for such difference and taking corrective measures or action to stop those reasons so that they don‘t re-occur in future and that organizational objectives are fulfilled efficiently.

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Controlling Process

1. Setting Performance Standards: Standards are the criteria against which actual performance would be measured. Thus standards become basis for comparison and the manager insists on following of standards.

2. Measurement of Actual Performance: Performance should be measured in an objective and reliable manner which includes personal observation, sample checking. Performance should be measured in same terms in which standards have been established, this will facilitate comparison.

3. Comparing Actual Performance with Standard: This step involves comparison of actual performance with the standard. Such comparison will reveal the deviation between actual and desired performance. If the performance matches the standards it may be assumed that everything is under control.

4. Analysing Deviations: The deviations from the standards are assessed and analysed to identify the causes of deviations.

5. Taking Corrective Action: The final step in the controlling process is taking corrective action. No corrective action is required when the deviation are within the acceptable limits. But where significant deviations occur corrective action is taken.

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