B4 ecology and photosynthesis

By Alexandra Lawrence Biodiversity is a variety of organisms living in one habitat Biodiversity can be affected by: the presence of predators Soil type Water availability All the animals in a garden make a community Population is the number of organisms present in a community Transect line is the distribution in a habitat mapped using string , a straight line measured at regular intervals Small biodiversity: Forest plantation , fish farm Large biodiversity : natural woodland ,lake Zonation is the distribution of organisms in specific zone e.g altitude Energy is not recycled in an ecosystem Minerals and carbon are recycled A pooter is a small jar used to suck up and collect insects and is active collection A net is used to catch butterfly's or pond life and is active collection A pitfall trap is used to collect insects in a jar and is passive collection Quadrates are used to count the number of species in an area Population size = number in first sample x number in second sample / number in second that are sample marked Population size always changes due to births and deaths In capture + recapture it is assumed there are not births , deaths of em/immigration A small error in the sample could lead to a large error once scaled up The marking on the animal must not harm or effect the animals natural camouflage

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By Alexandra Lawrence Leaves are adapted to increase the rate of gasses by having: Large surface area Moisture Gaps between the spongy mesophyll cells Stomata Partially permeable membrane allows the passage of small molecules such as water , carbon dioxide and oxygen but not large complex molecules like starch The rate of diffusion can be increased by: Having a shorter distance to travel Having a greater difference in concentration Having a greater surface area for particles to scape from Being moist Limiting factors of photo…read more

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By Alexandra Lawrence Salt molecules outside the cell and sugar molecules inside cannot pass through the p.p membrane Water diffuses from a high concentration to a low one through the p.p membrane Osmosis is a type of diffusion Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from high to low concentration across the p.…read more

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By Alexandra Lawrence Why is water movement useful?: Evaporation cools the plant Photosynthesis needs it Support Carrying Dissolved minerals Sonongy mesophyll cells in a leaf have a coating of water (aids diffusion) Transpiration is the evaporation and diffusion of h2o from inside of leaf too much meansit withers and dies Transpiration is affected by : Temperature Amount of light Wind Humidity If a plant is kept in the dark it will gain weight If its kept in the light it will lose weight a plant…read more