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Biology 12 - Cell Membrane & Transport – Review Worksheet ANSWERS

i.
ii.
Part A: Definitions: Define the following terms, IN YOUR OWN WORDS, IN AS FEW WORDS AS CLARITY ALLOWS.
phospholipid and protein covering of every cell, controls what goes in and out of each
cell membrane
cell
movement of molecules from region of greater concentration to region of lesser
diffusion
concentration.
the difference in concentration between two regions
iii. concentration gradient
iv. solute
v.
solvent
vi. osmotic pressure
vii. isotonic solution
viii. hypertonic solution
ix. hypotonic solution
x.
plasmolysis
xi. turgor pressure
xii. facilitated transport
xiii. crenation
xiv. active transport
xv. endocytosis
xvi. phagocytosis
xvii. pinocytosis
xviii.
exocytosis
xix. glycolipid
xx. Fluid Mosaic Model
the solid that is dissolved in a solution
the liquid that dissolves the solute in a solution
the pressure of water moving across membranes caused by a concentration gradient.
solution that has same concentration of solute as the cells it surrounds
solution that has greater concentration of solute as the cells it surrounds. Will cause
cell to shrink
solution that has lesser concentration of solute as the cells it surrounds. Will cause
cells to burst
shrinking of a plant cell (wilting) due to being place in a hypertonic solution.
hydrostatic pressure due to a plant cell being placed in hypotonic solution. Is
pressure on inside of plant cell against the cell wall.
Carrier-mediated transport that works with the conc. gradient and requires no energy.
shrinking of animal cells placed in hypertonic solutions.
Carrier-mediated transport that works against the conc. gradient and requires energy.
Cells bringing in materials by forming vesicle around substance outside the cell with
the cell membrane.
endocytosis of large particles (large enough to be seen with light microscope)
“cell drinking” Endocytosis of small particles (small enough that an electron
microscope is needed)
opposite of endocytosis. Vesicle inside cell fuses with cell membrane, depositing
contents on the outside.
carbohydrate attached to phospholipid on cell membrane. Often serves in cell
identification and communication.
Current model of membrane structure. A phospholipid fluid sea is embedded with a
wide variety (“mosaic”) of protein molecules.
PART B - SHORT ANSWERS
1. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from the area of greater concentration to the area of lesser
concentration.
2. Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
3. A cell is isotonic to a solution of 0.01% sugar.
a. What concentration would by hypertonic?
>0.01%
b. What concentration would be hypotonic?
<0.01%
4. a) What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution? it swells and bursts
b) What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution? It loses water to medium -- shrivels up.
5. Turgor pressure is best exemplified by placing a plant cell in a hypotonic solution.
6. Give an example:
the movement of O2 from the air sacs into the blood
a. of diffusion in the body
some sugars enter the cell more quickly than others
b. of facilitated transport
the concentration ([]) of Na is greater outside a cell, the [] of K is greater inside a cell
c. of active transport
7. List 3 ways in which active transport differs from the process of diffusion across a cell membrane.
i. goes from area of less[] to area of greater
ii. requires carrier protein
iii. requires expenditure of energy
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8. List 2 ways in which facilitated transport differs from active transport.
i. goes from area of greater [] to area of lesser []
ii. does not require energy
9. Within each of the three pairs, choose the more concentrated solution:
Pairs
Answer
a. 80% water, 20% starch
b. 90% water, 10% starch
a
a. 5 g NaCl, 50 g water
b. 5 g NaCl, 25 g water
b
85% solvent, 15% solute
75% solvent, 25% solute
b
10. Consider this diagram.
a) Will the concentration of water stay the same on side A
Side A
Side B
20% Protein
or become greater or less with time? greater
2% Glucose
4% Glucose
98% Water
b) Will the concentration of protein on side A stay the
75% w ater
same or become greater or less with time? less
c) Glucose will cross the membrane in which direction? A
to B
membrane
d) On which side will the hydrostatic pressure increase? A
e) What will happen to the level of the solution on each side? A will go up, B will go down
11. Red blood cells neither gain nor lose water when put into 0.9% NaCl.
a) What term would you use to describe the tonicity of 0.9% NaCl for Red blood cells? isotonic
b) Are the solutions below hypertonic or hypotonic to red blood cells?
i) 15% NaCl hypertonic
ii) 0.001% NaCl hypotonic
12. A scientist notes that of three monosaccharides -- glucose, mannose, and galactose -- glucose enters cells
much faster than the other two. What process is at work? facilitated transport
13. Answer true or false:
a. If a plant cell is placed in salt solution, the central vacuole will shrink
b. If a red blood cell is placed in distilled water, it will shrink
c. If a plant cell is placed in distilled water, the cell membrane will move away from the cell wall
d. If a red blood cell is placed in a salt solution, salt will enter the cells, giving them a strange appearance
e. Crenation is to plasmolysis as hemolysis is to turgor pressure
T
F
F
F
T
14. A small lipid molecule passes easily through the cell membrane. Which of these statements is the most
likely explanation? a) a protein carrier must be at work b) the cell membrane is partly composed of lipid
molecules c) the cell is expending energy to do this d) phagocytosis has enclosed this molecule in a
vacuole
15. Which of these does not require an expenditure of energy? a) diffusion b) osmosis c) facilitated transport
d) none of these require energy
16. The thyroid gland contains a high concentration of iodine. This is an example of a) passive transport b)
active transport c) facilitated transport d) endocytosis
17. Cell drinking is synonymous with a) cell eating b) endocytosis c) phagocytosis d) pinocytosis
18. If a cell uses active transport to take in salts, then osmosis will follow and water will enter the cell a) true b)
false
19. Which of the following substances would be taken into a cell by phagocytosis? a) dissolved gases b)
proteins c) simple sugars d) steroid lipids
20. An animal cell will always take in water when placed in a a) hypertonic solution b) hypotonic solution c)
isotonic solution d) osmotic solution
 Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper
1.
2.
3.
Draw a diagram of three ways by which small molecules can enter cells. As an aid in distinguishing the three mechanisms, indicate the number of
molecules on either side of the membrane. For each method, give an example of a molecule that enter cells in that manner.

Diffusion (e.g. O2, CO2, testosterone, alcohol) , Endocytosis (i.e. pinocytosis) (e.g. small protein molecules), and Transport by Carriers (Facilitated
and active transport) (e.g. Facitated Transport glucose, Active Transport  iodine ions.
An experiment is designed to study the mechanism of sucrose uptake by plant cells. Cells are immersed in a sucrose solution, and the pH of this
surrounding solution is monitored with a pH meter. The measurements show that sucrose uptake by the plant cells raises the pH of the surrounding
solution. The magnitude of the pH change is proportional to the starting concentration of sucrose in the extracellular solution. A metabolic poison that
blocks the ability of the cells to regenerate ATP also inhibits the pH change in the surrounding solution. Explain these results.

The change in pH is an indicator of how much sucrose is taken in by cells. The more the pH changes, the more sucrose was taken in. The metabolic
poison which blocks the production of ATP stops the pH change; therefore the poison stops the intake of sucrose. Therefore, the intake of sucrose
must require ATP. Therefore, there are two possible ways sucrose enters cells: Active Transport and Endocytosis, since both require energy.
However, since we are talking about plant cells here, it can’t be endocytosis, since plants cells have wall that prevent them from doing this. Therefore
sucrose must enter a plant cell by active transport.
If our cells and body fluids are hypertonic to the water of a swimming pool, then why do we not swell and pop when we go for a swim?

Our skin provides an impermeable barrier to external water from entering our body and directly contacting the cells and tissues inside.
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