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7.1.1 – State what is meant by an environmental value system 7.1.1 – State what is meant by an environmental value system 7.1.2 – Outline the range of environmental philosophies with reference 7.1.2 – Outline the range of environmental philosophies with reference 7.1.3 – Discuss how these philosophies influence the decision-making process with respect to environmental issues covered in this course 7.1.3 – Discuss how these philosophies influence the decision-making process with respect to environmental issues covered in this course 7.1.4 – Outline key historical influences on the development of the modern environmental movement 7.1.4 – Outline key historical influences on the development of the modern environmental movement 7.1.5 - Compare and contrast environmental value systems of two named societies 7.1.5 - Compare and contrast environmental value systems of two named societies 7.1.6 - Justify your personal viewpoint on environmental issues 7.1.6 - Justify your personal viewpoint on environmental issues

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Environmental History In the US – frontier ethic dominates during 1700’s &1800’s In the US – frontier ethic dominates during 1700’s &1800’s In 1800’s naturalists begin to voice concern In 1800’s naturalists begin to voice concern John James Audubon – painted birds and sparked interest John James Audubon – painted birds and sparked interest Henry David Thoreau – writer and naturalist who lived on Walden pond for 2 years Henry David Thoreau – writer and naturalist who lived on Walden pond for 2 years George Perkins Marsh (1801-1882) – wrote Man and Nature 1 st discussion of humans as agents of environmental change George Perkins Marsh (1801-1882) – wrote Man and Nature 1 st discussion of humans as agents of environmental change

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These events Help us to establish our environmental value systems Help us to establish our environmental value systems This is a world view or set of paradigms that shapes the way an individual or group perceives and evaluates environmental issues This is a world view or set of paradigms that shapes the way an individual or group perceives and evaluates environmental issues Influenced by cultural, religious, economic and socio-political factors Influenced by cultural, religious, economic and socio-political factors

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The influence of these philosophies We will look back to this as we move forward in the course We will look back to this as we move forward in the course Some examples look to our presidents Some examples look to our presidents Carter  progressive environmental policy to get us off of oil Carter  progressive environmental policy to get us off of oil Reagan  crushes solar energy industry Reagan  crushes solar energy industry Bush 1  reauthorized clean air act but Gulf war was one of the worst environmental disasters in history Bush 1  reauthorized clean air act but Gulf war was one of the worst environmental disasters in history Clinton  good – increased preserve area, pollution standards; bad – NAFTA, subsidizing SUV era of US automakers Clinton  good – increased preserve area, pollution standards; bad – NAFTA, subsidizing SUV era of US automakers Bush 2  Works to weaken environmental regulations on businesses – loosening scrubber requ. Bush 2  Works to weaken environmental regulations on businesses – loosening scrubber requ. Obama  Blocks mountain top coal mining Obama  Blocks mountain top coal mining

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Native Americans Deep respect for the natural world Deep respect for the natural world Thought of themselves as part of it not lords over it Thought of themselves as part of it not lords over it Much of their religion was tied to nature so spiritual connection as well Much of their religion was tied to nature so spiritual connection as well Only when the last tree has died and the last river been poisoned and the last fish been caught will we realize we cannot eat money. ~ Cree Indian Proverb ~

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European Pioneers Frontier economics Frontier economics Exploitation of seemingly unlimited resources Exploitation of seemingly unlimited resources Becomes Manifest destiny – expansion not only good but obvious and certain Becomes Manifest destiny – expansion not only good but obvious and certain

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Justify your personal viewpoint on environmental issues -Where do you stand on the continuum of philosophies? -Where do you stand on the continuum of philosophies? Does it change with the specific issue Does it change with the specific issue For example does your stance on population control put you in the same area as your stance on resource exploitation or sustainable development For example does your stance on population control put you in the same area as your stance on resource exploitation or sustainable development We will answer this question again at the end of the course as well We will answer this question again at the end of the course as well