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Inductive Method

INDUCTIVE METHOD
What is the Inductive Method?
The inductive teaching method or process goes from the specific to the general and may be based on specific experiments or experimental learning exercises.

Advantages
1. It gives a new knowledge.
2. It is a method of discovery.
3. It is a method of teaching.
4. Child acquires firsthand knowledge and information by actual observation. 5. It is a slow process.
6. It trains the mind and gives self confidence and initiative 7. It is full of activity.
8. It is an upward process of thought and leads to principle.

Disadvantage
The main criticism of the inductive method is that is not a valid means of obtaining proof. Steps of Inductive Method

* Inquiry-based learning Students are presented with a challenge which will require knowledge that has not been completely covered. * Discovery learning: Students are presented with a challenge and left to work out the solution on their own. Students learn to use trial and error to analyze and resolve their findings. The instructor may provide limited feedback * Project-based learning:Students are presented with an assignment that requires that they design or produce a deliverable. * Case-base learning: Students are presented with real-life scenarios, or cases, in which they hypothetically assume various roles. The cases tend to be very well structured filled with elaborate details to incorporate many of the variables real-life problems contain.

Republic of the Philippines
Naval State University
Naval, Biliran

Semi-detailed Lesson Plan
In
Science III

Lovely Karen R. Casas
Teacher

I. Objective: To differentiate between the characteristics of the earth’s structural layers II. Subject Matter:
a. Topic: The Structure of the Earth...

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Teaching methods can either be inductive or deductive or some combination of the two.
The inductive teaching method or process goes from the specific to the general and may be based on specific experiments or experimental learning exercises. Deductive teaching method progresses from general concept to the specific use or application.
These methods are used particularly in reasoning i.e. logic and problem solving.
To reason is to draw inferences appropriate to the situation.
Inferences are classified as either deductive or inductive.
For example, "Ram must be in either the museum or in the cafeteria." He is not in the cafeteria; therefore he is must be in the museum. This is deductive reasoning.
As an example of inductive reasoning, we have, "Previous accidents of this sort were caused by instrument failure, and therefore, this accident was caused by instrument failure.
The most significant difference between these forms of reasoning is that in the deductive case the truth of the premises...

...structure.
Examples given here are actually based on inductivemethods of grammar teaching. First I want to give you a brief comparison of inductive and traditional methods of grammar teaching.
Traditional Method:
1- It defines rules and exceptions at the first place explicitly.
2- It’s less interesting and unpleasant for many students
3- It’s precise, and can be more effective
4- It has order, clarity, and can be classified
Traditional method of course has its advantages. As I mentioned here, it is precise and clear, and I believe it’s much better than inductivemethods. But what makes students think traditional method is boring or unpleasant, is that they think they’re supposed to only memorize these rules, while these have to use these rules and guidelines practically. Once these rules are only memorized, they’re useless. But, if the teacher provides chances for students to use grammar in action, then it would be effective, even more than inductivemethods.
Unlike inductivemethods that offer grammatical lessons scattered and unorderly, traditional method classifies grammar lessons, and I think, when lessons are in order and classified, they can be learnt much faster.
Strictness of traditional method is undeniable. It bores typical student, because it...

...Philosophy notes 9-17-13
Two forms of argument
1) Deductive= provides logically conclusive spport for the conclusion
Valid-if the premises are true then the conclusion cannot be false
Invalid- it fail to provide support
Sound-the argument is valid and the premises are all true
Unsound- an argument with true premises that lead to a false conclusion
2) Inductive-provides probable support for the conclusion
Strong-premises are true conclusion is probably true
cogent-premises are true argument is strong
Weak-in adequate uncogent -premises are not true
Four steps for judging arguments
1) Find conclusion and premises
2) Ask: does the conclusion have to be true if the premises are true?
Yes: valid=question: is it a sound argument
No: proceed
3) Is the conclusion probably true? Given the premises are true
Yes:=strong question=cogent?
No: proceed
4) Does the argument fail to provide conclusive or probable support?
Guidelines
1) Assume argument is deductive or inductive if it looks so.
2) Note the indicator words
Test for consistency: would you judge someone or something you dislike the same way you would judge someone/thing you like?
Argument patterns
Pattern – content
Variables
Syllogisms=deductive argument made of three statements
Two premises (may have more)and one conclusion(always)
Conditional=if then structure
Antecedent =the statement that follows if
Consequent =statement that follows then
Modus...

...OPPOSITION BETWEEN DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE TECHNIQUES
Students have different learning skills and capacities for getting to know about shown and told knowledge. To teach something effectively , we have many techniques used while educating. So, during the teaching process teachers use different methods to school effectively. Two of them are deductive and inductive techniqe. Both of them have adventages but they are completely different from each other with the dominant people, flowing of information, people number, structure of content.
When we look at their dominant people during the teaching and learning; in deductive technuqie , teachers are more active than the students; so it is more teacher-centered. This means that firstly, teachers give a new information and concepts to the class and then they make explanation about what they want to give the students. And teachers expect to students make practice and complete the given tasks using offered informations. But in inductive technuqie, education is student-centered. This technique requires great deal of student participation. It makes students deeply involve in class during the lessons. Instead of explaining the concept and following this explanations with examples, teachers present the student giving examples showing how this concept is used. This technuqie is more experiental for students and the teacher takes part as guide in class. In this technuqie, the...

...difference between inductive and deductive arguments.
The best way to describe the similarities and difference between inductive and deductive arguments, it would be best if the term "argument" had a definition. Everyday people have arguments. For these everyday conversations "argument" means "dispute". In this Logic class an argument consists of claims or statements followed by a final claim. The statements that articulates the reason for agreement of the final claim called “the premises” (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2007, Argument). This class uses this definition of “argument” to determine how to build a position on certain subjects, and reasoning to convince others to accept the final claim or conclusion (Hurley, P. A Concise Introduction to Logic 11/e, 2012, 2). If more logical arguments were presented, there might be fewer non-logical arguments or nonarguments. This gets to the main subject of comparing and contrasting inductive and deductive arguments. Statements can be considered arguments or nonarguments. Arguments can be either inductive or deductive. An argument leads to a conclusion led by a premise or premises. The premises can be true or false, in which case will change a deductive argument from sound to unsound and vice versa. The same is true for inductive arguments but the wording is cogent or uncogent. These arguments also have a terminology that describes them even further. A...

...﻿Outline the assumptions and methods of Positivist and Interpretivist approaches to research
Social science research can generally be approached in two main ways, positivism and interpretivism. ‘For many observers, this diversity is a sign of chronic intellectual failure and as an indication of the chaotic state into which the subject has fallen and cannot escape’ (Scott, J. 2011. P. 1), however, a social researcher may argue that the differences in how research is conducted leads to a broader and more rounded understanding of the social world, even if they may maintain that their chosen method is correct. Positivism is the approach which argues that research in both social science and natural science can be approached in a uniform and objective manner. Interpretivists argue that researchers should use subjective methods and interpret situations depending on circumstances and form their theories accordingly. This essay will expand on the ways these research methods are carried out and the thinking behind using these approaches.
Positivism and interpretivism differ greatly in the ways they are carried out and in the reasoning behind using them as methodologies. When coming from a positivist perspective the researcher will generally use deductive reasoning, meaning they will form a theory they wish to test out, they will devise a way in which to test the theory, create a hypothesis and collect data through the...

...Week-4
Total Points: 12
Total Questions: 20
Allowable time: 90 minutes
Use black or blue font only for answer
1. Consider the following example: “Retail sales in the 2005 season were below projections. Sales were disappointing because consumers were not confident about economic growth.” This is an example of _____
a. X an inductive argument
b. ( an deductive argument
c. an empirical argument
d. ( an factual argument.
2. The acronym, RFP, stands for ____ and refers to the document used to invite research firms to propose ideas of addressing the research needs of the organization.
a. X request for proposal
b. ( required frequency population
c. ( research firm proposal
d. ( recognition of problem
3. Consider the following statements: “Inner-city household interviewing is especially difficult and expensive. This survey involves substantial inner-city household interviewing. The interviewing of this survey will be especially difficult and expensive.” This is an example of ____
a. ( an empirical argument
b. ( an inductive argument
c. ( an exposition
d. X an deductive argument
4. In a restaurant complaint study, Dr. Jackson used deception to avoid biasing the participants. In this situation, what should Dr. Jackson do once the research is complete?
a. ( Apologize
b. ( Pay the participants...

...﻿Assignment in Research Methods
1) Overview of various research methods
When writing a Research Paper it is important to know different research methods. These methods help to gather and systemize the information and data in order to scientifically prove the validity of the work. Further will be explained ways how to collect the data.
Research methods are divided in two big blocks: quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative methods are those where results are explained in numbers, whereas qualitative methods define outcomes by what respondents answer. It is more subjective and more open, as results are not described by numbers, but rather as observations. To put both methods differences together: quantitative look more for statistical explanation, but qualitative are more in-depth. 1 Further will be in more detail explained methods that lay under quantitative and qualitative.
There are many ways how to collect data for the research. One of them is doing experiments. It usually involves small amount of people who are doing some tests, for example, detecting how fast people read, what affects their reading skills and other objectives. This method is very in-depth and counted as qualitative as the behaviour people is investigated in order to conclude some outcomes. One of the minuses of such methods is that it...