This handout is designed to help New York City College of Technology students document sources in the Modern Language Association (MLA) format using parenthetical references. It is not a complete resource, but provides examples of the most common types of entries students deal with when writing research papers. For more information, students should consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, seventh edition by Joseph Gibaldi. The Library of Congress call number for the MLA Handbook is: LB 2369.G53 2009. Two especially helpful online aides can be found at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Purdue University websites, which are located respectively at:

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(Follow this link for a printable pdf document.)

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[http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocMLA.html The Writing Center @ University of Wisconsin - Madison]

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This handout is designed to help New York City College of Technology students document sources in the Modern Language Association (MLA) format using parenthetical references. It is not a complete resource, but provides examples of the most common types of entries students deal with when writing research papers. For more information, students should consult the ''MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers'', seventh edition by Joseph Gibaldi. The Library of Congress call number for the ''MLA Handbook'' is: LB 2369.G53 2009. Two especially helpful online aides can be found at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Purdue University websites, which are located respectively at:

Follow this [http://library.citytech.cuny.edu/research/subjectGuides/mla/paren.php link] for examples of how quotes should be formatted within the text. This [http://library.citytech.cuny.edu/research/subjectGuides/mla/cited.php link] is a sample Works Cited page. There is a key to the entries listed within the Works Cited page.

Follow this [http://library.citytech.cuny.edu/research/subjectGuides/mla/paren.php link] for examples of how quotes should be formatted within the text. This [http://library.citytech.cuny.edu/research/subjectGuides/mla/cited.php link] is a sample Works Cited page. There is a key to the entries listed within the Works Cited page.

Line 36:

Line 39:

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1) Single author:

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'''1) Single author:'''

However, as one historian notes, "Whether the kiss was history or, more likely, pseudo history, an early incident glorified and embroidered, Whitman remembered Lafayette's visit that July for tacitly conferring on him grace and mission" (Kaplan 66).

However, as one historian notes, "Whether the kiss was history or, more likely, pseudo history, an early incident glorified and embroidered, Whitman remembered Lafayette's visit that July for tacitly conferring on him grace and mission" (Kaplan 66).

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2) Two authors:

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'''2) Two authors:'''

Some argue that "what Sherman had in mind for Atlanta was made abundantly clear in the days following his decision to bombard the Gate City" (McDonough and Jones 269).

Some argue that "what Sherman had in mind for Atlanta was made abundantly clear in the days following his decision to bombard the Gate City" (McDonough and Jones 269).

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3) More than three authors:

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'''3) More than three authors:'''

The authors state emphatically that "the plan never worked as intended" (Smith et al. 19).

The authors state emphatically that "the plan never worked as intended" (Smith et al. 19).

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4) Author cited in text:

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'''4) Author cited in text:'''

Historian Bertha Fussell has noted that Walt, his brothers, and sisters “always thrilled to the stories of the occupation of Huntington by the “redcoats,” of how the local patriots schemed and conspired to outwit the invaders in their nefarious schemes” (15).

Historian Bertha Fussell has noted that Walt, his brothers, and sisters “always thrilled to the stories of the occupation of Huntington by the “redcoats,” of how the local patriots schemed and conspired to outwit the invaders in their nefarious schemes” (15).

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5) Source noted but not quoted directly:

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'''5) Source noted but not quoted directly:'''

By 1823, boats were passing from the Erie Canal and Champlain Canal into the Hudson River. Finally, in 1825, the final portion was completed to great fanfare (Sheriff xv-xvi).

By 1823, boats were passing from the Erie Canal and Champlain Canal into the Hudson River. Finally, in 1825, the final portion was completed to great fanfare (Sheriff xv-xvi).

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6) Same author:

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'''6) Same author:'''

Of the blockade runners, one writer argues that "not all of the material imported via these vessels was for military use. It paid to bring in luxuries, and so luxuries were brought in" (Catton, Civil War 83).

Of the blockade runners, one writer argues that "not all of the material imported via these vessels was for military use. It paid to bring in luxuries, and so luxuries were brought in" (Catton, Civil War 83).

Line 68:

Line 71:

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7) Blocked quotation:

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'''7) Blocked quotation:'''

Comparing the two sports, one writer argues that:

Comparing the two sports, one writer argues that:

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<blockquote>By the end of the 1962 season, it was apparent that pro football and television were made for one another. Baseball might be the national pastime, but its wide field, slow pace and long summer season worked against it on the tube, whereas football was a weekend sport with few than twenty games a year, most of them played in fall and winter when more people were indoors. (Maraniss 324)</blockquote>

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By the end of the 1962 season, it was apparent that pro football and television were made for one another. Baseball might be the national pastime, but its wide field, slow pace and long summer season worked against it on the tube, whereas football was a weekend sport with few than twenty games a year, most of them played in fall and winter when more people were indoors. (Maraniss 324)

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'''8) Introduction, Preface, Foreword, Afterword:'''

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8) Introduction, Preface, Foreword, Afterword:

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His wife, Varina, is "as complex and contradictory as her husband is simple and consistent" (Strode xiv).

His wife, Varina, is "as complex and contradictory as her husband is simple and consistent" (Strode xiv).

Strode is cited because the quotation comes from his introduction. If the student quoted one of Davis's letters there would be two entries in the Works Cited page.

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''Strode is cited because the quotation comes from his introduction. If the student quoted one of Davis's letters there would be two entries in the Works Cited page.''

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9) Encyclopedia entry (no author):

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'''9) Encyclopedia entry (no author):'''

In all likelihood feng shui developed "from early Taoist preoccupations with universal philosophical questions involving humankind's place in nature and its relation to all things in the universe" ("Feng Shui").

In all likelihood feng shui developed "from early Taoist preoccupations with universal philosophical questions involving humankind's place in nature and its relation to all things in the universe" ("Feng Shui").

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10) Internet source:

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'''10) Internet source:'''

After the general's death, "the democratization that Franco's chosen heir, Juan Carlos, and his collaborators peacefully and legally brought to Spain over a three-year period was unprecedented" ("Spain," Country Studies).

After the general's death, "the democratization that Franco's chosen heir, Juan Carlos, and his collaborators peacefully and legally brought to Spain over a three-year period was unprecedented" ("Spain," Country Studies).

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Note that a url is no longer required, though it can be added if deemed necessary.

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== Journals and Magazines ==

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''Note that a url is no longer required, though it can be added if deemed necessary.''

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== Works Cited ==

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::::::::::::::::Works Cited

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Buruma, Ian. "The Saint's Tactician," ''New York Times'' 11

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:January 2004, late ed.: sec. 7: 5+. ''Lexis-Nexis''. Web. 10

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:June 2009.

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Frisby, Derek W. "Iwo Jima, Battle for." ''Encyclopedia of

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:''World War II: A Political, Social and Military History''.

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:Ed. Spencer C. Tucker. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO,

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:2005. Print.

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+

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Gentry, F.E. et al. ''Semiconductor Controlled Rectifiers:

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:''Principles and Applications of p-n-p-n Devices''.

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:Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1964. Print.

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+

+

Glaser, Milton and Jerome Snyder. ''Underground Gourmet

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:''Cookbook''. Ed. Joyce Zonana. New York: Simon, 1975. Print.

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+

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Gunter, Marc. "Buffet Takes Charge." ''Fortune''. 27 April

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:2009: 45-50. Print.

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+

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"McKinley, William." ''C-SPAN's American Presidents: Life

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:''Portraits''. Web. 10 June 2009.

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+

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Reynolds, David S. ''Walt Whitman's America: A Cultural

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:''Biography''. New York: Knopf, 1995. Print.

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+

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Rushdie, Salman. ''Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism

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:''1981-1991''. London: Granta, 1991. Print.

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+

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---. ''Step across this Line: Collected Nonfiction

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:''1992-2002''. New York: Random, 2002. Print.

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+

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Travers, Tim. "The Hidden Army: Structural Problems in the

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:British Officer Corps, 1900-1918," ''Journal of

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:''Contemporary History'' 17.3 (1982): 523-544, ''JSTOR''. Web.

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:10 June 2009.

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----

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This page lists examples of items that students are most likely to encounter. For more information consult the ''MLA Handbook''. This is a key to the entries listed:

+

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1. Buruma-Newspaper article from a database

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2. Frisby-Encyclopedia entry

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3. Gentry-Book with more than three authors

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4. Glaser-Book with two or three authors

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5. Gunter-Magazine Article

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6. McKinley, William-Internet Source

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7. Reynolds-Book with a single author

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8. Rushdie-Two books by the same author

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9. Travers - Academic journal article from a database.

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Note that the research paper, including block quotations and the Works Cited page, should be double-spaced in its entirety. Except for page one, all pages should be numbered, with the student's name in the upper right hand corner.

Contents

Introduction

Using MLA: The Basics - Introduction

(Follow this link for a printable pdf document.)

This handout is designed to help New York City College of Technology students document sources in the Modern Language Association (MLA) format using parenthetical references. It is not a complete resource, but provides examples of the most common types of entries students deal with when writing research papers. For more information, students should consult the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, seventh edition by Joseph Gibaldi. The Library of Congress call number for the MLA Handbook is: LB 2369.G53 2009. Two especially helpful online aides can be found at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and Purdue University websites, which are located respectively at:

Follow this link for examples of how quotes should be formatted within the text. This link is a sample Works Cited page. There is a key to the entries listed within the Works Cited page.

Keep in mind that one is doing two things when citing sources:
1) giving another writer credit for ideas that are not one’s own,
2) helping the reader find the sources cited in one’s research paper.

Parenthetical References

Using MLA: The Basics - Parenthetical References In the MLA Format.

1) Single author:

However, as one historian notes, "Whether the kiss was history or, more likely, pseudo history, an early incident glorified and embroidered, Whitman remembered Lafayette's visit that July for tacitly conferring on him grace and mission" (Kaplan 66).

2) Two authors:

Some argue that "what Sherman had in mind for Atlanta was made abundantly clear in the days following his decision to bombard the Gate City" (McDonough and Jones 269).

3) More than three authors:

The authors state emphatically that "the plan never worked as intended" (Smith et al. 19).

4) Author cited in text:

Historian Bertha Fussell has noted that Walt, his brothers, and sisters “always thrilled to the stories of the occupation of Huntington by the “redcoats,” of how the local patriots schemed and conspired to outwit the invaders in their nefarious schemes” (15).

5) Source noted but not quoted directly:

By 1823, boats were passing from the Erie Canal and Champlain Canal into the Hudson River. Finally, in 1825, the final portion was completed to great fanfare (Sheriff xv-xvi).

6) Same author:

Of the blockade runners, one writer argues that "not all of the material imported via these vessels was for military use. It paid to bring in luxuries, and so luxuries were brought in" (Catton, Civil War 83).

Throughout the war Lincoln "had been groping his way toward a full understanding of the values that lay beneath the war" (Catton, Hallowed Ground 393-394).

7) Blocked quotation:

Comparing the two sports, one writer argues that:

By the end of the 1962 season, it was apparent that pro football and television were made for one another. Baseball might be the national pastime, but its wide field, slow pace and long summer season worked against it on the tube, whereas football was a weekend sport with few than twenty games a year, most of them played in fall and winter when more people were indoors. (Maraniss 324)

8) Introduction, Preface, Foreword, Afterword:

His wife, Varina, is "as complex and contradictory as her husband is simple and consistent" (Strode xiv).

Strode is cited because the quotation comes from his introduction. If the student quoted one of Davis's letters there would be two entries in the Works Cited page.

9) Encyclopedia entry (no author):

In all likelihood feng shui developed "from early Taoist preoccupations with universal philosophical questions involving humankind's place in nature and its relation to all things in the universe" ("Feng Shui").

10) Internet source:

After the general's death, "the democratization that Franco's chosen heir, Juan Carlos, and his collaborators peacefully and legally brought to Spain over a three-year period was unprecedented" ("Spain," Country Studies).

Note that a url is no longer required, though it can be added if deemed necessary.

Works Cited

Works Cited

Buruma, Ian. "The Saint's Tactician," New York Times 11

January 2004, late ed.: sec. 7: 5+. Lexis-Nexis. Web. 10

June 2009.

Frisby, Derek W. "Iwo Jima, Battle for." Encyclopedia of

World War II: A Political, Social and Military History.

Ed. Spencer C. Tucker. Vol. 2. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO,

2005. Print.

Gentry, F.E. et al. Semiconductor Controlled Rectifiers:

Principles and Applications of p-n-p-n Devices.

Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1964. Print.

Glaser, Milton and Jerome Snyder. Underground Gourmet

Cookbook. Ed. Joyce Zonana. New York: Simon, 1975. Print.

Gunter, Marc. "Buffet Takes Charge." Fortune. 27 April

2009: 45-50. Print.

"McKinley, William." C-SPAN's American Presidents: Life

Portraits. Web. 10 June 2009.

Reynolds, David S. Walt Whitman's America: A Cultural

Biography. New York: Knopf, 1995. Print.

Rushdie, Salman. Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism

1981-1991. London: Granta, 1991. Print.

---. Step across this Line: Collected Nonfiction

1992-2002. New York: Random, 2002. Print.

Travers, Tim. "The Hidden Army: Structural Problems in the

British Officer Corps, 1900-1918," Journal of

Contemporary History 17.3 (1982): 523-544, JSTOR. Web.

10 June 2009.

This page lists examples of items that students are most likely to encounter. For more information consult the MLA Handbook. This is a key to the entries listed:

1. Buruma-Newspaper article from a database
2. Frisby-Encyclopedia entry
3. Gentry-Book with more than three authors
4. Glaser-Book with two or three authors
5. Gunter-Magazine Article
6. McKinley, William-Internet Source
7. Reynolds-Book with a single author
8. Rushdie-Two books by the same author
9. Travers - Academic journal article from a database.

Note that the research paper, including block quotations and the Works Cited page, should be double-spaced in its entirety. Except for page one, all pages should be numbered, with the student's name in the upper right hand corner.