James Mwami
Water Engineer
Minister of Water Resources Protection
Uganda
Email: BusogaProject@maf.org

ISSUES OF OUR COMMON FUTURE

Introduction:

On the threshold of the 3rd millenium humankind is facing major challenges when it becomes to developing solutions for the ecological,
social and cultural issues involved in creating a more sustainable development on planet earth. How can we achieve compatibility
between economy and ecology? Could it, perhaps, be already too late for achieving sustainable development? What will be the future
role of work in our lives and societies at the beginning of the 21st Century? What impact will molecular medicine and modern
biotechnology or more generally, science and technology have on the future development of individual human rights as well as on
food productions, population growth, etc.? Which role will access to information and knowledge play in an age of electronic
communication?

These are just a few out of many questions which come to mind when tries to take a closer look at the challenges ahead, and they
are precisely the reason why a series of global dialogues are being arranged in form of Conferences, Congresses etc..

I have tried to express my personal views on a number issues which play a very important role towards answering some of the above
questions.

The role of Science and Technology in the 21st Century.

I believe that we have a common future and that this future will be decisively influenced by the importance we accord to science and
technology in the 21st Century.

Under the present conditions, where world class research (at least in the natural sciences) is carried out almost exclusively by
teams of researchers and no longer by a single researcher alone, the importance question arises as to how research should be
effectively organised. Put it in another way, it is the question of the way in which organised research should function.
Within the framework of research polices as these are defined by the state, research organisation have the following
responsibilities; they should identify fields in which research could lead to advances in knowledge or could be of economic,
social and either implement it themselves or at the very least, be responsible for the evaluation of the results.

This shall be responsible for ensuring a proper balance between basic research, which is dedicated to extending our knowledge of
fundamentals, and applied research, which is committed to the advancement of economic, social and cultural progress? Secondary,
at what point is a proper balance between the two types of research achieved.

In the field of applied research, matters are different. At least four different economic trends are responsible for ensuring for
the old questions are not always repeated but that new goals for scientific research are formulated at regular intervals.
These trends include:

- the globalisation of the economy and of the social actors,
- the emergency of a knowledge-based economy,
- the increasing tendency large scale sub contract basic and technological research,
- the transformation of the industrial network,

Such adaptations are a great extent dependent on the technical aids and equipment which are available for research and it is here
that over the past few decades the most dramatic changes in scientific methods and techniques have occurred. There has been enormous
increase in the numerical simulation of natural processes, so that we are able to simulate certain phenomena which only a few
years ago would not have been considered possible. The same applies to the field of computers and computing. In particular in
physics, ongoing developments research have led to the use of ever bigger scientific facilities. Faced with these developments
the question arises as to where the limits of what is practicable might lie.

In view of these developments the question we must ask is where the scientific priorities for the 21st century should lie. It is
obvious that not everything which is in principle feasible can or even should be implemented. Nevertheless, some of the priorities
for the 21st Century are already evident. The first place goes to the life sciences. The 21st Century will, in the opinion of many
be the era of these sciences. Earth sciences and astronomy will continue to play important roles. In the humanities and social
sciences it will be important to find ways of bridging the gap between these disciplines and the natural sciences and to find
links between them. The pre-eminent role of information an communications and their attendant technologies does not require any
further confirmation.

Accepting Democracy.

Another key factor is the issue of accepting democracy. This can be done in two ways. I think we all have moral obligation to obey
just laws. On the other hand I think we have moral obligations to disobey unjust laws because noncooperation with evil is just as
much a moral obligation as cooperation with good. Now why is that relevant? A scientist is thinking of natural laws, where the issue
is not so much a matter of opinion; this is a matter – as the scientist would think – of fact. So a scientist confronted with a low
of nature against which the government was trying to move would be in serious predicament. So the issue he is how do we deal with
this in science? Can we encourage the scientist going into the 21st Century to find a way of satisfying the democratic requirements
and yet sustaining loyalty to his or her own subject? The government suspects that science does not obey the classical rules of
adherence to the conventions of the governable. We are in for an exciting time.

Human Rights and governance, National and Global.

It has been noted that two main features distinguishing globalisation from universalization is the approach to governance and to the
dignity of the individual. Globalisation discourages state governance beyond a very limited level. Globalisation discourages
taxation of corporations and of capital transactions and thereby reducing the resources base of governance. Globalisation sees
the individual mainly as a customer and a producer, a purely market conception of human existence.
Universalization on the other hand puts considerable emphasis on governance. It is, however not simply a question of much governance,
it is much more a question of good governance.

A UNDP policy document states that "The challenge for all societies is to create a system of governance that promotes, supports, and
sustains human development –especially for the poorest and most marginal. But the search for a clearly articulated concept of
governance has just begun".

But universalization of human rights should be seen as a corrective process. Its function is to try to prevent or to redress the
negative aspects of globalisation, while putting the possible benefits from an expanding market to good use through redistribution
and the pursuit of social justice.

Some positive steps can now be observed, indicated that there is awareness of the need to ensure some correction to the process of
globalisation. Some additional suggestion derived from recent discussion within the United Nations include the following:

- The human rights of women, the rights of the child and the situation of marginalised or vulnerable groups should always be given
the highest priority on all human rights agendas.

- States should adopt legislative and constitutional changes designed to guarantee that treaty law takes precedence over internal
law and that treaty positions are directly applicable in the internal legal order. They should also adopt economic and social
measures in order to avoid the exclusion of groups marginalised by extreme poverty and adopt measures to ensure that poor and
vulnerable groups, have access to productive assets such as land, credit, and the means for self employment.

- States should more actively involve civil society organisation in the economic, social, and political life of their countries,
with particular involvement being sought from spokespersons of vulnerable groups (such as the poor, homeless, unemployed, farmers,
and working people), and of organisations representing the public interest (for example, consumer, environmental, human rights,
and women’s organisation). This is of particular importance because of expanding influence of financial and market force at
national as well as international levels.
Non-governmental organisations and other civil society organisations can play a countervailing role by representing the public
interest. This can minimise some of the adverse social effects of the market driven process of globalisation.

- An a melioraration of the external debt problem of developing countries is urgently required. A comprehensive resolution of this
problem bilateral, and multilateral debt.

- The world Bank has for some time been reviewing the effects of structual adjustment programs, party in cooperation with
non-governmental organisation. More resolute action is required however, to review and change the content of, and procedures for,
structural adjustment programs and policies to prevent their negative effects on the realisation of economic and social rights.

- Aid flowing from developed to developing countries should be increased, ensuring that a larger share of aid is targeted at the
eradication of poverty an the implementation of economic and social in general. This should go hand in hand with more deliberate
efforts by receiving states to allocate a larger share of their public expenditure to the improvement of health, education, and
welfare needs for the poor rather than for military purposes.

- A dialogue by the human rights bodies with the World Bank, the Intenational Monetary Fund (IMF) and other financial institutions
is urgently required to ensure that they take protection of economic and social rights fully into account in their activities.

- The International Labour Organisation (ILO) must be given the opportunity to promote and protect the rights of all categories of
working people, including organised and unorganised labour, farmer and the unemployed.

Human rights can have an integrating role to play in the normative system of the evolving world society. They can link together the
states, the individuals, and the numerous intergovernmental and non-governmental organisations into the world community.

While the uncertainties of the future are numerous and predictability is low, the possibilities are there also and to a greater
extent than in any earlier time in history. I, considers it justified to claim that the Universal Declaration, by inspiring and
shaping the conceptions of common values, has contributed more than any other document to open up those possibilities.

Agenda 21 and the Platform for Action.

International conventions can provide a framework in which national and local debates on legal systems can help. This is the case
for Agenda 21, defined at the UNCED earth summit in Rio in 1992, and the women’s Platform for Action. These agreements have
identified gendered access to land, support for participation by women in decision-making processes and reduction of women’s work
loads as important requirements for sustainable development. Agenda 21 states the need to secure women’s access to land by legal
means "strengthening/developing legal frameworks for land management, access to land resources and land ownership in particular
for women". The Platform for Action, issued at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, expresses, among other points,
a demand to "eliminate all obstacles to women’s full and equal participation in sustainable development and equal access to and
control over resources".

Policy Dialogue.

Development organisations have an important role to play in advocating the sound implementation of these internationally acknowledged
aims. Since they touch on sensitive areas of social relations within societies, it is important that local circumstances are taken
into account. In some Andean societies, giving women the right to own land might require fundamental changes in the way the society
functions, a process that needs time and a basis in strong social consensus. Development organisations can assist in the process
and they can assist in bridging the gap between traditional legal systems and modern legislation. Policy dialogue with partner
governments and organisations is an important instrument for development agencies in promoting in enabling environment for
gendered sustainable land management systems. To be efficient and credible in this field, however, development agencies need to
institutionalise gender-sensitive internal modes of operation.

The effect of legislative changes at the Local level.

Constitutional and Legislative changes at the national level that effect agriculture, environmental protection, and the advancement
of women have impacts at the regional and local levels.

The consequences at regional and local society, gender systems, and the environment are not always predictable. Policies of
regionalisation and decentalisation introduced in many countries can lead to delegation of responsibility and competence in
dealing with land management issues at lower levels, and also expand the options available to the people. In Uganda, for example
rural communities are being given greater decision-making authority related to land management. In addition, national policy to
enhance the role of women’s groups in national economic development has made it easier to organise women at the local level.
Together with increased representation of women at local, district and national assembly, can lead to changes that benefit women.

Today land may be assigned to women’s groups for collective cultivation, which broadens the options for sustainable land management.
If such collateral measures to support women are not taken, decentralisation can have a negative impact on them.

Creating an enhancing environment.

The factors that are responsible for unsustainable land management often originate outside the local context. Accordingly, local
activities designed to promote social processes of negotiation and planning and implementation of measures to conserve the soil,
should be supported by adequate changes at the legal and institutional level. Strategies and approaches to enhance sustainable
land management will be more effective if they incorporate the perspectives of different stakeholders, including men and women
institutions, and representatives of different groups in civil society.

Reconciling differing interests and identifying common interests from the local to the international level, and increasing land
use options for the society and especially for women, are prime tasks for development support. Better coordination of development
assistance is an essential precondition for success in this respect.

* Silver Volunteer Award in recognition of the enthusiasm shown and the
objectives achieved for Calgary’s undertaking to host the XV Olympic Winter Games, given by
the XV Olympic Winter Games Organizing Committee, COA/A.O.C., 1988.

* Certificate of Completion of the "WHMIS TRAIN-THE-TRAINER" course offered
by the Alberta Construction Safety Association, May 29, 1995

* Certificate of Completion of the "TDG TRAIN-THE TRAINER" course offered by
the Alberta Construction Safety Association, July 28, 1995

ENVIRONMENTAL SEMINARS

organized and presented by

Joseph Germain Dufour

1) Subjects offered:

a) The Home Environmental Audit;
b) Phase I Environmental Audit of Residential and Commercial Properties.

Place and date: Thorncliffe Community Centre, Calgary, June 5, 1993.

2) Subjects offered:

a) Phase I Environmental Audit of Residential Properties;
b) The Home Environmental Audit;
c) The Ratings of Environmental Sustainable Development for a Home and the
Community it Belongs to;
d) The Measurement of the Gross Environmental Sustainable Development
Index(GESDI);
e) Phase I Environmental Audit of Commercial Properties and Facilities,
Decommissioning of Industrial Sites.

Place and date: Thorncliffe Community Centre, Calgary, October 16 and 17, 1993.

3) Subjects offered:

a) Phase I Environmental and Energy Auditing of Residential, Commercial,
Industrial, Recreational, Agricultural, and Public Properties/Facilities;
b) The Home Environmental Audit;
c) The Ratings of Environmental Sustainable Development for a Home and the
Community it Belongs to;
d) The Measurement of the Gross Environmental Sustainable Development Index
(GESDI);
e) Decommissioning of Industrial Sites;
f) Community Environmental Audit; and
g) Sustainable Community Development.

Place and date: Thorncliffe Community Centre, Calgary, February 19 and 20, 1994.

REPORTS, PUBLICATIONS and RESEARCH PAPERS

Internal reports, publications and research papers developed by
Joseph Germain Dufour
while working for

Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Decommissioning of Facilities and Reclamation of Land.

Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Environmental Risk Assessment.

Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Phase I Environmental Audit of Facilities.

Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Environmental Impact Assessment.

Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Home Energy Audit.

Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Home Environmental Audit.

Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Company Safety Manual.

Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Home Environmental Audits.

Article published in the Canadian Environmental Auditing Association Newsletters, March
1995, page 6.

Services developed, brochures designed and basic
training program developed

* Level III Energy Audit of the Calgary Centre for Performing Arts
* A Comparative Study Between the Utility Data Analysis Based on
the Actual Rate Code 521 and the Rate Code 680
* Utility Data Analysis of the Calgary Centre for Performing Arts
* A Study of the Illuminance Over the Workplace at the Calgary
Centre for Performing Arts
* Energy Audit Report Level III of the Standard Life Building
* Analysis of Heat Transfers and Thermodynamic Properties on the
Ammonia Refrigeration System
* Efficiency of the Volcano Boiler
* Centrifugal Pump Test
* John Inglis Boiler Efficiency Study
* Cleaver Brooks Boilers: Experiments and Testing:

· The Compatibility Between Land Use and the Transportation System in the
Context of the Calgary GoPlan, a New Vision of Calgary or Scenario is Proposed:
a SUSTAINABLE URBAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

· Impacts of the Urban Park Master Plan on the Measurement of Sustainable
Development in the Community of Sandstone Valley of Calgary

· A new Vision of Calgary in the 21st Century is proposed: a Sustainable Urban
Community Development which integrates Land Use, Transportation, Urban
Designand all other aspects of our lives and Sustainable Development

· Vision of Calgary in Year 2024

· Sustainable Development definition

· Summary Explanation of the Gross Sustainable Development Product (GSDP)

· Sustainable Forestry Development

· Environmental Sustainable Development Management

E) Corporate Safety Manual

Past Research Papers
by Joseph Germain Dufour

a) Mathematical Model of the World Sustainable Development

b) The Ozone Depleting Substances: a sustainable development issue

c) PUBLICATIONS and RESEARCH PAPERS
by Joseph Germain Dufour

Progress Report from 1988 to the end of 1996 "On the Measurement of Sustainable
Development: A Benchmark for the 21st Centur," Calgary, January 1, 1997. Report was
submitted to the United Nations, the Alberta Government, the Government of Canada and to
several organizations and persons.

Summary of the Progress Report from 1988 to the end of 1996 "On the Measurement of
Sustainable Development: A Benchmark for the 21st Centur," Calgary, February 1997.
Report was submitted to the United Nations, the Alberta Government, the Government of
Canada and to several organizations and persons.

Energy Auditing of Commercial Buildings and Facilities.
Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Decommissioning of Facilities and Reclamation of Land.
Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Environmental Risk Assessment.
Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Phase I Environmental Audit of Facilities.
Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Environmental Impact Assessment.
Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Home Energy Audit.
Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Home Environmental Audit. Community Environmental Audit.
These reports were developed to measure sustainable development (GESDI and GSDP) for a
home, for a community, and for a city; a new report is being updated to measure sustainable
development for a country.
Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Company Safety Manual.
Internal report written while working for Property Environmental Services Ltd., Property
Environmental Consultants Inc., and Property Inspection, Audit and Decommissioning Services
Inc. during the period from 1992 to 1997.

Home Environmental Audits.
Article published in the Canadian Environmental Auditing Association Newsletters, March 1995,
page 6.

A New Vision of Calgary in the 21st Century is proposed: a Sustainable Urban
Community Development which Integrates Land Use, Transportation, Urban Design
and all Other Aspects of our Lives and Sustainable Development.
Comments on GoPlan Transportation Master Plan presented to City of Calgary Council at a
Public Hearing on June 9, 1994.

Vision of Calgary in Year 2024.
Presented to the City of Calgary Council during Council meeting, Summer 1994.

Supporting documents on Sustainable Development submitted during the period from
1992 to 1996 to the Government of Canada, the Alberta Government, City of Calgary
Council, United Nations Environmental Committee and to numerous other
organizations:

I) A report on "Sustainable Community (urban and rural) Development"

II) An explanatory note on "Land Reclamation and Decommissioning"

III) An explanatory note on "Reviewing of Development Projects"

IV) A report on

"Impacts of the Urban Park Master Plan on the Measurement of
Sustainable Development in the Community of Sandstone Valley
Calgary."

V) Summary explanation of the publication written by the author and titled:

"The Measurement of the Gross Environmental Sustainable
Development Index (GESDI)."

VI) Summary explanation of the publication written by the author and titled:

"The Measurement of the Gross Sustainable Development
Product (GSDP)."

VII) Reports titled:

"The Home Environmental Audit."
"The Community Environmental Audit."

These reports were developed to measure sustainable development (GESDI and GSDP) for a
home, for a community, and for a city; a new report is being updated to measure sustainable
development for a country.

VIII) Summary reports on Environmental Auditing, Home Environmental Audit, Community
Environmental Audit and on Sustainable Community Development.

IX) A report on the

"Vision of Calgary in Year 2024."

X) A report on

"The Compatibility Between Land Use and the Transportation
System in the Context of the Calgary GoPlan: a New Vision or
Scenario is Proposed: a
SUSTAINABLE URBAN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT."

"The Measurement of the Gross Environmental Sustainable Development Index
(GESDI)," first published January 1, 1990, registered December 30, with the Copyright Office
of Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada, 1993, title corrected on January 14, 1994,
updated January 19, 1994, Calgary.

"Community Environmental Audit," first published January 1, 1990, registered December 30,
with the Copyright Office of Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada,1993, Calgary.

"Sustainable Community (Urban and Rural) Development," first published January 1, 1990,
Calgary.

"Home Environmental Audit," first published January 1, 1990, registered June 23, with the
Copyright Office of Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada,1993, Calgary.

"Sustainable Community Development," first published June 1, 1990, registered December
30, with the Copyright Office of Consumer and Corporate Affairs Canada,1993, Calgary.

"The Measurement of the Gross Sustainable Development Product (GSDP)," first
published June 3, 1990, registered April 25, with the Copyright Office of Consumer and
Corporate Affairs Canada,1994, Calgary.

"Impacts of the Urban Park Master Plan on the Measurement of Sustainable
Development in the Community of Sandstone Valley," MacEwan and Sandstone
Community News, Calgary, March 1994.

"Vision of Calgary in Year 2024," MacEwan and Sandstone Community News, Calgary,
September 1994.

Alberta Oil Sands: Recovery, Upgrading and Management.
Internal report presented to the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology, May 10, 1998. The
report was concerned about the place of the oil sands in Canada’s energy future; the description
and location of Alberta’s bitumen deposits; the first explorers and researchers; the geology and
geophysics of the earth where the oil sands are found; the commercial production of oil from oil
sands; the techniques used to recover oil from oil sands; the environmental concerns; and the
impacts of oil sands development on the residents of the region.

The Carstairs-Crossfield Gas Processing Plant.
Internal report presented to the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology on April 5, 1998. The
report was concerned about the Carstairs-Crossfield Gas Processing Plant operated by Home
Oil Company Limited. Emphasis was placed on the geological formations from which the sour
and wet gas were being obtained; gas wells; gas recycling and gas condensate recovery; Sulphur
recovery; and the separators, contactors, compressors, and the fractionation unit.

IN VIVO Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Imaging.
Internal report presented to the NMR Clinical Laboratory at the University of Alberta Hospital,
Edmonton, May 25, 1987 to August 22, 1987. The report describes the research work done at
the lab. The work includes a series of experiments and processing of the data. The experiments
were:
· IN VIVO 31P spectroscopy with a surface coil in the field of the 1.5 T magnet.
· ISIS and SPARS experiments.
· Depth pulse experiments.
· Spin Echo and Inversion Recovery experiments.
· Imaging.

A computer program was developed and described in the report. The program performed the
analysis of the free induction decay signals. It also included the use of the maximum entropy
method (MEM) for the reconstruction of the NMR spectra.

A Comparative Study of Solid- and Gas-Source Mass Spectrometers with Applications.
Internal report presented to the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology on April 5, 1987. The
two different types of mass spectrometer were compared using five functional elements as a
guideline:
· Sample Introduction
· Ion Production
· Mass Separation
· Ion Current Detection
· Instrument Control and Data Handling

The relations between the functional elements are discussed together with the physics behind
these elements. The results of this comparison bring out the important features of the two types of
mass spectrometer so as to recommend how each type may be applied in practice.

Data Processing with Computers.
Internal report presented to the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology on November 1986.
The report was concerned about the different aspects of data processing with computers and
shows how data are recorded and put in a form which can be analyzed and used in a
decision-making process. Recommendations as to which data processing systems are best
utilized in business, science, mathematics, engineering and education were presented and based
on the following criteria:

· Availability of efficient application and system software packages
· Best suited programming languages
· Compatibility of the computer system
· Input/output concepts and devices
· Ability to display graphic, pictorial and animated data on a screen
· Data communications system
· Cost

Mathematical Model for the Quantitative Study of Left-to-Right Cardiac Shunting.
Written by Dr. Josip Nosil et al, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Foothills Hospital, Calgary,
1984. Assisted in making numerous English, Physics as well as Mathematical corrections. My
main contribution to this research paper was to write an expression which describes the nuclear
activity in terms of the absolute volume element and the flow rate in the system.

Stable Isotope Mass Spetrometry and Gas Source Mass Spectrometry.
Research paper written while a student of the University of Calgary, Physics Department,
Summer 1984. Co-ordinator: Dr. H.R. Krouse.

The 6802D3 Microprocessor.
The term project was written to complete the requirements for the course "Experimental
Methods in Physics II," Physics 603, Department of Physics, University of Calgary, on March
26, 1984; course co-ordinator: Dr. R.B. Hicks. I wrote a computer program dealing with:

· A comparison between the 8080/8085- and the 6802D3 microprocessors
· Scrolled message-board with a rate of scrolling controlled by pressing a key on the keypad
· A stopwatch which may be reset by pressing a key on the keypad

The Determination of Lead-210 in Uranium-ore Sample.
This research project began in November 1983 and was completed in February 1984. The
project was a requirement to complete the courses load towards a Ph.D. I started at the
University of Calgary, Physics Department. An intrinsic Germanium detector was used to
measure the Lead-210 gamma peak in each sample analyzed. By adding different quantities of
known Lead-210 solutions to a sample, it was possible to obtain the concentration of Lead-210
in the original sample.

The Analysis of the Alpha Spectra.
Research paper written while taking Physics 601, "Experimental Methods in Physics I," at the
University of Calgary, Physics Department, November 29, 1983. Course co-ordinator: Dr. O.G.
Fritz.

L’excitation Coulombienne.
University of Montreal, Nuclear Physics Accelerator Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec.
Research paper written while student in "Chapitres Choisis de Physique Nucleaire," at the
Universite de Montreal, December 1982. Co-ordinator: Dr. H. Jeremie.

Les Resonances Geantes.
University of Montreal, Nuclear Physics Accelerator Laboratory, Montreal, Quebec.
Research paper written while student in "Chapitres Choisis de Physique Nucleaire," at the
Universite de Montreal, December 1982. Co-ordinator: Dr. H. Jeremie.

World’s Environment and Sustainable Development.
Research paper written while working for Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, may to
November 1981. The paper included a model of the Earth atmosphere and showed how what is
happening on the earth surface affects weather systems, the atmosphere itself, and the ecology of
the earth. Trace elements in air, oil, water, biological and mineral samples were analyzed to
support the model.