cardiac arrest in the setting of heart disease. Called this regardless of if you get the heart going again or not.

define heart failure (2 definitions)

1) syndrome of impaired ability of the ventricle to fill and or eject blood. It is a clinical diagnosis

2) inability of the heart to meet the demand of the body, with or without congestion

What are the most common predisposing factors for CHF in order of prevalence (top 5)

CAD (by far!!!)

HTN

cardiomyopathy (includes idiopathic)

valvular heart disease

alcohol

What neuro-hormonal activity would you expect to see in CHF?

increased SNS (increased norepi, bad)

Increased RAAS (bad)

Increased ANP and BNP (good thing, vasodilate and diuresis)

Increased ADH (vasopressin, bad)

What is a really bad sign in CHF? Explain the mechanism.

hyponatremia (<138), it is because you are hypervolemic and this is diluting the Na+. In HF there is low BP, so the pituitary is pumping out ADH like a mad man. This causes water retention, but sodium is still excreted.

What is Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea? Why is it so important?

PND is during the day the edema is in your legs, when you lay down at night it goes to your lungs.