The Age of Jackson

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Transcript of The Age of Jackson

The Age of JacksonElection of 1828Andrew Jackson v. John Quincy AdamsJackson's supporters called "Democrats"1828: "Old Hickory" electedSuffrage (right to vote) extended to almost all adult white malesOrdinary man/opposed to privileges for high social statusInaugural celebration turned into a riot: "it was the people's day."Kitchen Cabinet & Spoils SystemNullification CrisisBank of the United StatesIndian PolicyDid not use his formal cabinet: relied on trusted friends"Kitchen cabinet"Rich looked at the "kitchen cabinet" with suspicionRewarded his supporters with jobs in gov't"Spoils system": "to the victor belong the spoils of war"Congress raises tariff on importsWant to encourage manufacturingNorth: likes tariff (factories!)South: dislikes tariffraised their prices for factory goodsdiscouraged trade with other nationswould it hurt cotton sales?favored the North only: unconstitutionalJohn C. Calhoun (VP)encourages S. Carolina to nullify the lawSouth Carolina threatened to secede

Jackson used the FORCE BILL and the federal army to collect the tariff.Congress lowers tariffs to appease SouthTension between the North & South developsJackson: Calls bank "The Monster"stood for wealth and unfair privilege, at the expense of ordinary peopleJackson distrusts Bank president: Nicholas BiddleBiddle renewed bank charterJackson vetoes the charterRemoves all federal deposits to "Starve the bank"Puts federal $ in state banks ("pet banks")Kills the bank!Jackson saw Native Americans as an obstacle to progress5 "civilized tribes": had adopted some white customs: Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Creek, and Seminole1830: Indian Removal ActMade treaties with Native Americans to trade their Eastern lands for new lands in the Great PlainsJackson used military force against tribes that would not move voluntarilyTrail of TearsIndians who refused to move were forced4,000 died on the journeySeminoles led by Chief Osceola resisted until forcedBy 1837: had forced 46,000 people to movePerception: Jackson "solved" the Indian "problem"Reality: Just moved it West of the Mississippi