DNSSEC - Enable DNSSEC and DLV security extensions for DNS and prime validating resolvers with DNSSEC keys. This feature has been included in Fedora 11

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This page has been obsoleted by:

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https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Features/DNSSEC_on_workstations

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== Summary ==

== Summary ==

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DNSSEC (DNS SECurity) is mechanism which can prove integrity and autenticity of DNS data. It became important after new DNS poisonning attacks which were found recently. The most widely used servers should be DNSSEC aware by default (bind, unbound)

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DNSSEC (DNS SECurity) is mechanism which provides integrity and authenticity of DNS data. It became more important after new Kaminsky DNS poisoning attacks were found in early 2008. The most widely used recursing nameservers support DNSSEC. We currently support it for [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/bind bind] and [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/unbound unbound].

Important servers already support DNSSEC. Main problem is key distribution.

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Important DNS nameserver software and some TLD's already support DNSSEC. Main problem is key distribution. A full validation path would start at the root (".") but it is not likely that the root will be signed very soon. There are two methods for working around not having a signed root:

* Using DNSSEC Lookaside Verification (DLV or "live TAR") for enduser domains within an unsigned TLD.

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Those problems have to be solved:

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This feature adds support for both TAR and DLV support, using the following approach:

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* supply initial set of DNSSEC keys - especially as long as the Root is not signed (via dnssec-keys package)

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* allow easy way to enable/disable DNSSEC (via dnssec-configure and some system-config-dnssec tool)

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* supply initial set of DNSSEC keys for TLD's (and perhaps some "very important domains") as long as the root is not signed. This is done via [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/name/dnssec-conf dnssec-conf]) (completed)

* allow configuration of any DLV Registry, with the default set to [http://dlv.isc.org ISC], using the above two mentioned tools (completed)

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* support for automated Trust Anchor Rollovers from DNS information via the [https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/packages/nameautotrust autotrust] package using secure RFC5011 update mechanism. This is in addition to updates supplied via the dnssec-conf package. (completed)

== Benefit to Fedora ==

== Benefit to Fedora ==

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Our servers will be "invulnerable" against cache poisonning, spoofing and other known DNS attacks

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Our servers (and clients) will be able to use DNSSEC, and be safer against cache poisoning, Kaminsky attacks, spoofing and other known DNS attacks. Fedora machines will also be able to use signed TLD's and individually signed domains in DLV without any additional administration. For example, right now that already includes DNSSEC for the entire .gov domain, plus a handful of TLD's and a few dozen in-arpa domains including the ENUM zone.

== Scope ==

== Scope ==

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* create and add package which will supply initial set of DNSSEC keys

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* create and add a package dnssec-conf which will supply initial set of DNSSEC keys to machines. (completed)

* create commandline tool (dnssec-configure from the dnssec-conf package) that will easily enable/disable DNSSEC and which allows to switch between DLV Registries and supplied DNSSEC keys (completed)

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* create commandline tool which will easily enable/disable DNSSEC and which allows to switch between DLV and supplied DNSSEC keys (= trust anchors)

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* add the "autotrust" package which implements RFC 5011 - "Automated Updates of DNS Security (DNSSEC) Trust Anchors". This package includes a daily cronjob that will try to update any configured DNSSEC trust anchors from the dnssec-conf package, and any manually installed trust anchors by the administrator. (completed)

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* create system-config-dnssec GUI tool to enable / disable the most important features (70% done)

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* Update the Bind and Unbound packages so the default configurations enable DNSSEC for Fedora-11

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== How To Install ==

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<pre>

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yum install bind-utils

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yum install bind (or unbound or both)

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service named start (or unbound or both)

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</pre>

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This installation should bring in dnssec-conf. Starting the daemon once will update the DNSSEC and DLV settings for the daemons. Settings can be changed in /etc/sysconfig/dnssec

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You can verify the installation and configuration using:

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<pre>

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dnssec-configure -s

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</pre>

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== How To Test ==

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DNSSEC is enabled per default. DLV is also enabled per default, and uses [http://dlv.isc.org dlv.isc.org] as the DLV Registry. If you want to disable DNSSEC or DLV, edit /etc/sysconfig/dnssec. After changing this file, restart the daemon you were using:

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Check that DNSSEC aware servers work fine.

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Make sure /etc/resolv.conf points to a DNSSEC enabled nameserver (eg localhost), then run:

To test the DLV, try to resolve a known DLV entry that does not occur in a DNSSEC signed zone (and is not loaded explicitely, such as dlv.isc.org), for example:

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<pre>

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dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns isc.org.

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</pre>

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To verify that forged/broken data is properly refused, you can test against some test zones:

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<pre>

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dig +multiline +dnssec forged.test.xelerance.com @localhost

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</pre>

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This should produce a ServFail answer. To force getting the known bad answer, run:

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<pre>

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dig +multiline +dnssec +cd forged.test.xelerance.com @localhost

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</pre>

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This should produce the forged/broken answer despite its known forgery.

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To test the denial of existence, you can query a non-existing domain in a dnssec siged zone, eg:

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<pre>

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dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns thisdoesnotexist.se.

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</pre>

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This should return a the same "AD" bit, as well as an NSEC record. In this case:

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<pre>

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thisdesertlife.se. 7200 IN NSEC thisell.se. NS RRSIG NSEC

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</pre>

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This is a signed response saying your domain thisdoesnotexist.se does not exist. The signed entry here starts with "thisdesertlife.se." and the next record is "thisell.se". Since "thisdoesnotexist.se" would fall in between these two, this (sgned) record would only exist if "thisdoesnotexist.se" would not exist. To avoid revealing other domain names, another more complex method, called NSEC3, can be used. This is in use wth .gov, so you will see that manually validating that answer is much harder. For details on NSEC3, see RFC-5155

This behaviour can be modified in /etc/sysconfig/dnssec by changing the DNSSEC and DLV settings.

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<!-- The Fedora Release Notes inform end-users about what is new in the release. Examples of past release notes are here: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/release-notes/ -->

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With DNSSEC enabled, when a domain supplies DNSSEC data (such as .gov, .se, the ENUM zone and other TLD's) then that data will be cryptographically validated on the recursive DNS server. If validation fails, due to attempts at cache poisoning (eg via a Kaminsky Attack) then the enduser will not be given this forged/spoofed data. DNSSEC deployment is gaining speed rapidly, and is a crucial part and the next logical step to make the internet more secure for end users. DLV is used to add DNSSEC signed domains into TLD's that themselves are not yet signed, such as .com and .org.

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<!-- The release notes also help users know how to deal with platform changes such as ABIs/APIs, configuration or data file formats, or upgrade concerns. If there are any such changes involved in this feature, indicate them here. You can also link to upstream documentation if it satisfies this need. This information forms the basis of the release notes edited by the documentation team and shipped with the release. -->

== Comments and Discussion ==

== Comments and Discussion ==

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* See [[Talk:Features/YourFeatureName]] <!-- This adds a link to the "discussion" tab associated with your page. This provides the ability to have ongoing comments or conversation without bogging down the main feature page -->

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* See [[Talk:Features/DNSSEC]] <!-- This adds a link to the "discussion" tab associated with your page. This provides the ability to have ongoing comments or conversation without bogging down the main feature page -->

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[[Category:FeatureAcceptedF11]]

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Summary

DNSSEC (DNS SECurity) is mechanism which provides integrity and authenticity of DNS data. It became more important after new Kaminsky DNS poisoning attacks were found in early 2008. The most widely used recursing nameservers support DNSSEC. We currently support it for bind and unbound.

Owner

Current status

Detailed Description

Important DNS nameserver software and some TLD's already support DNSSEC. Main problem is key distribution. A full validation path would start at the root (".") but it is not likely that the root will be signed very soon. There are two methods for working around not having a signed root:

Using Trust Anchor Repositories (TAR's or "batched TAR") for TLD keys

Using DNSSEC Lookaside Verification (DLV or "live TAR") for enduser domains within an unsigned TLD.

This feature adds support for both TAR and DLV support, using the following approach:

supply initial set of DNSSEC keys for TLD's (and perhaps some "very important domains") as long as the root is not signed. This is done via dnssec-conf) (completed)

allow configuration of any DLV Registry, with the default set to ISC, using the above two mentioned tools (completed)

support for automated Trust Anchor Rollovers from DNS information via the autotrust package using secure RFC5011 update mechanism. This is in addition to updates supplied via the dnssec-conf package. (completed)

Benefit to Fedora

Our servers (and clients) will be able to use DNSSEC, and be safer against cache poisoning, Kaminsky attacks, spoofing and other known DNS attacks. Fedora machines will also be able to use signed TLD's and individually signed domains in DLV without any additional administration. For example, right now that already includes DNSSEC for the entire .gov domain, plus a handful of TLD's and a few dozen in-arpa domains including the ENUM zone.

Scope

create and add a package dnssec-conf which will supply initial set of DNSSEC keys to machines. (completed)

Do not yet enable DNSSEC in default bind and unbound configurations. But make it trivially easy to enable DNSSEC via dnssec-conf. (completed)

create commandline tool (dnssec-configure from the dnssec-conf package) that will easily enable/disable DNSSEC and which allows to switch between DLV Registries and supplied DNSSEC keys (completed)

add the "autotrust" package which implements RFC 5011 - "Automated Updates of DNS Security (DNSSEC) Trust Anchors". This package includes a daily cronjob that will try to update any configured DNSSEC trust anchors from the dnssec-conf package, and any manually installed trust anchors by the administrator. (completed)

create system-config-dnssec GUI tool to enable / disable the most important features (70% done)

Update the Bind and Unbound packages so the default configurations enable DNSSEC for Fedora-11

How To Install

This installation should bring in dnssec-conf. Starting the daemon once will update the DNSSEC and DLV settings for the daemons. Settings can be changed in /etc/sysconfig/dnssec
You can verify the installation and configuration using:

dnssec-configure -s

DNSSEC is enabled per default. DLV is also enabled per default, and uses dlv.isc.org as the DLV Registry. If you want to disable DNSSEC or DLV, edit /etc/sysconfig/dnssec. After changing this file, restart the daemon you were using:

service named restart (or service unbound restart)

For the GUI, use

yum install system-config-dnssec

Navigate to System->Administration->DNSSEC

(system-config-dnssec is not yet finished)

How to Test

dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns gov. @localhost

You should see the AD ("Authenticated Data") bit in the reply, as well as the RRSIG signature record:

To test the DLV, try to resolve a known DLV entry that does not occur in a DNSSEC signed zone (and is not loaded explicitely, such as dlv.isc.org), for example:

dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns isc.org.

To verify that forged/broken data is properly refused, you can test against some test zones:

dig +multiline +dnssec forged.test.xelerance.com @localhost

This should produce a ServFail answer. To force getting the known bad answer, run:

dig +multiline +dnssec +cd forged.test.xelerance.com @localhost

This should produce the forged/broken answer despite its known forgery.

To test the denial of existence, you can query a non-existing domain in a dnssec siged zone, eg:

dig +dnssec +multiline -t ns thisdoesnotexist.se.

This should return a the same "AD" bit, as well as an NSEC record. In this case:

thisdesertlife.se. 7200 IN NSEC thisell.se. NS RRSIG NSEC

This is a signed response saying your domain thisdoesnotexist.se does not exist. The signed entry here starts with "thisdesertlife.se." and the next record is "thisell.se". Since "thisdoesnotexist.se" would fall in between these two, this (sgned) record would only exist if "thisdoesnotexist.se" would not exist. To avoid revealing other domain names, another more complex method, called NSEC3, can be used. This is in use wth .gov, so you will see that manually validating that answer is much harder. For details on NSEC3, see RFC-5155

Dependencies

Contingency Plan

Documentation

Release Notes

Bind and unbound (recursive DNS servers) now enable DNSSEC validation in their default configuration. DNSSEC Lookaside Verification (DLV) is also enabled with the dlv.sc.org DLV Registry.
This behaviour can be modified in /etc/sysconfig/dnssec by changing the DNSSEC and DLV settings.

With DNSSEC enabled, when a domain supplies DNSSEC data (such as .gov, .se, the ENUM zone and other TLD's) then that data will be cryptographically validated on the recursive DNS server. If validation fails, due to attempts at cache poisoning (eg via a Kaminsky Attack) then the enduser will not be given this forged/spoofed data. DNSSEC deployment is gaining speed rapidly, and is a crucial part and the next logical step to make the internet more secure for end users. DLV is used to add DNSSEC signed domains into TLD's that themselves are not yet signed, such as .com and .org.