Care & Maintenance for Evergreen Trees

Little interference is needed to maintain the evergreen tree.

Evergreen trees are prized for their year-round green foliage and graceful forms; when planted in the right place, maintenance requirements aren't difficult. Regular watering and mulching fortifies evergreen trees from winter injury caused by the drying effects of wind and sun; occasional fertilizing and pruning keeps them green and shapely.

Cultivating Evergreen Trees

It's important to plant evergreen trees where the potential for drying out in the winter is minimized. Coniferous needles have a waxy coating that helps them conserve water, but winter sun and wind can dry the needles, taking moisture from the tree. Typically, evergreen trees prefer full sun in the summer, and shade in the winter. Usually it's possible to fulfill both requirements by planting them on the north side of the property. They should generally be planted in well-drained soil; acidic soil conditions are optimal.

Mulching and Watering

Soil moisture needs to be maintained for evergreen trees to withstand winter or drought conditions. Mulching with coarse wood chips or shredded bark, within the the dripline -- the extent of the canopy -- slows evaporation from the soil. Mix some organic matter, such as compost, with the mulch to add nutrients to the soil. Make sure the tree is watered during dry periods in the summer and fall, and if you live an area where the ground doesn't freeze, water in the winter months as well.

Fertilizing

Evergreen trees don't require fertilizing as much as deciduous species, but if new growth is slow, or the color or size of the needles isn't normal for the species, fertilizing could be beneficial. Use a complete fertilizer, with more nitrogen than phosphorus or potassium. Fertilize between early April and mid-summer; following recommendations for the product.. After mid-summer, only a slow-release fertilizer should be used. Don't fertilize in drought conditions, but continue to water regularly.

Pruning

Evergreen trees generally only need corrective pruning, to remove dead, diseased or damaged branches, or to establish a leader -- the vertical stem at the top. Usually evergreen trees have dominant leaders, but if there are two leaders, remove one. Prune outside the branch collar, and not flush to the trunk; the branch collar will prevent decay from penetrating the trunk. Avoid pruning in late summer and early fall, as new growth may be stimulated, without time to harden off before winter.