Throughout its long history, Club Brugge has enjoyed much European football success, reaching two European finals and two European semi-finals. Club Brugge is the only Belgian club to have played the final of the European Cup (forerunner of the current UEFA Champions League) so far, losing to Liverpool in the final of the 1978 season. They also lost in the 1976 UEFA Cup Final to the same opponents. Club Brugge holds the record number of consecutive participations in the UEFA Cup (16).

Still under Ernst Happel, the club faced Liverpool again of a European final. This time it was in the European Champions Clubs' Cup final. And again they lost (1–0). Club Brugge is the only Belgian club that have reached the finals of the European biggest competition.

Club Brugge, like other major Belgian clubs has fans all over Belgium. Some of these fans are part of a 62 supporter clubs in Belgium, which has more than 10,000 members. The "Supportersfederatie Club Brugge KV", founded in 1967, is recognized as the official supporters club of Club Brugge.

The Blue Army is the club's main active supporter group. This group is also responsible for the organization of tifos among other duties. The Blue Army also publishes the Blue Army fanzine, a magazine aimed at supporters, and defined as about football, unbridled idealism, atmosphere for 90 minutes, information for all fans of FC Bruges, open communication, creativity and positivism.

In tribute the fans, often dubbed the twelfth man in football, Club Brugge no longer assigns the number 12 to players. Club Brugge also has a TV show, CLUBtv, on the Telenet network since 21 July 2006. This twice weekly show features exclusive interviews with players, coaches and managers.

The official mascot of Club Bruges is a bear, symbol of the city of Bruges. The history of the bear is related to a legend of the first Count of Flanders, Baldwin I of Flanders, who had fought and defeated a bear in his youth. Since the end of 2000, a second mascot, always a bear, travels along the edge of the field during home games for fans to call and encourage both their favorites. These two bears are called Belle and Bene. In 2010, a third bear named Bibi, made its appearance. He is described as the child of the first two mascots, and is oriented towards the young supporters.

Since the early twentieth century, a strong rivalry has existed between the two clubs in the city, "Club" and "Cercle", or the "Blue" and "Green". The derby was first contested during the 1899-1900 season. The derby is notable as it is now the only city based derby regularly played in Belgium.

At regional level, Club Brugge has maintained rivalry with Gent, a team in the neighboring province. The successes achieved by Club Bruges in the early 1970s, combined with very poor season performances by Gent in the same period, attracted many fans. Since the late 1990s, Gent again played a somewhat more leading role in Belgium, and matches against Club Brugge were often spectacles.

The rivalry between Club Brugge and Anderlecht has developed since the 1970s. At that time, the Brussels-based club and Club Brugge won most trophies between them, leaving little room for other Belgian teams. Matches between these two teams were often contested for the title of champion of Belgium. Two Belgian Cup finals were played between the two clubs (one win each side), and they played seven Belgian Supercup (Club Bruges won five).