eplace 40% of the region’s current gasoline consumption and just below 20% of crude oil import. Many economies could substitute a substantial volume of their current gasoline consumption with ethanol from second generation feedstock, while others such as China, Thailand, and Viet Nam could substitute their entire consumption (Table 36). A note should be made, however, that this estimate doesn’t account for current uses of these resources by other industries such as power/heat generation and bioproducts (plastics, chemicals, etc.). Therefore, more detailed analyses are needed to evaluate the resources that are actually available for biofuels production. With respect to first generation feedstock, the study evaluated the contribution of 20% of the economies’ current starch and sugar crops production. This number is somewhat arbitrary and simply a choice made here. It is reasonable to assume for net importing economies, such as Chile, Japan, Korea, and Chinese Taipei that biofuels production from these crops will not be viable in the near future. However, with advancements in crop development and yield increase, the situation in these economies may change with time. The first generation resource availability in the APEC region is estimated at 252 Mt, equal to about 92 hm 3 of ethanol (44 Mt gasoline equivalent), enough to replace only 7% of APEC’s current gasoline consumption and 3.5% of crude oil import (Table 35). Resource Availability for Biodiesel and Potential Petro-Diesel Displacement. The assessment of biodiesel resource availability was conducted in a similar way to the ethanol assessment. However, data on second generation feedstock (non-edible crops, such as Jatropha and Pongam, or from algae) was insufficient to provide meaningful results. If 20% of economies’ current vegetable oil production, as well as all waste oils and fats, are used for biofuels, it would yield about 21.8 Mt of biodiesel. This amount would replace 6.8% of their current diesel consumption and 1.7% of crude oil import (Table 37). Economies with the highest resource availability include China, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the United States. It is expected that the resource potential for biodiesel production in APEC economies will increase significantly over the next years with the development of second generation feedstock. 142