50% resevation of womesAfter a long debate, the parliamentarians of India have passed the Women Reservation Bill which ensures 50% reservation for women in the village panchayats. Certainly, it is a progressive and unique step. By initiating such a step, India has presented an example.Now, India is a step ahead from rest of the world. It has become history that a woman should stay within the four walls of the house.Today, everybody is recognising the important and valuable role of the woman for our society and ultimately for our nation. The Women are giving new dimensions to the ways of thinking. Earlier, it was a famous quote that the mind of the women lies in their knees. But now, the scenario has changed. It is famous saying these days that how the women manage to be on the first in each and every aspect of life. What is the source of their energy? From where they got such a huge talent? It is a known fact that women form half of the population of every country. But in spite of this fact why they are not getting the adequate representation at various forums? Probably, the reason lies in the fact of having male dominated society which cannot see a woman to stand at their equal footing. Surely, this is an ill and conservative mentality. But, by passing the afore-mentioned Women Reservation Bill, the Indian Parliament has gone a step beyond this conservative mentality. The equal representation of women at village level is a step towards to have an adequate representation of theirs in the State Legislatures and ultimately, the Parliament of India. There are so many advantages of this equal representation. The first and foremost advantage is that now the women, who are aggrieved by one way or other, can come forward to complain. Earlier, it was not possible because the panchayats were consisted of male panchs and sarpanchs, and, therefore the aggrieved women felt a lot of hesitation to come forward. Now, the composition of panchayats with women members will...

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...WOMEN REVERSARVATION
Providing reservations to a particular section of community in government jobs and other institutions is generally the highlight of any political party’s agenda these days. Now there have been discussions about providing reservations to women in government jobs and democratic institutions like legislative assemblies and Parliament also. Sometimes one feels that basically the reservation issue is nothing but a populist policy of a government, but still it is necessary to discuss the rationale behind such a policy. Can reservations for women be an effective measure and do the women really require such special treatment? These are the points which need to be addressed.
It is nothing but a truism to say that the present status of women in the Indian society vis-à-vis the status of men is far from satisfactory. For centuries, Indian society like most of the other societies has been a male-dominated one. Perhaps the degradation of the status of women started in the later Vedic period, because in the Rig – Vedic period we have references to many women scholars like Matitreyi, Gayatri etc.
These women scholars might have been exceptions in the society, yet they did reflect upon the general attitude of the society and a relatively good status of the women. But in the later...

...When you read a magazine or watch a TV advertisement about men and women, does it ever cross your mind that women are always subordinated in those ads? You very rarely see men in kitchen related advertisements, and if they are in those ads, they are always in a dominant position compared to the females. The truth is that we, as men, have allowed the gender roles to take place and be the norm in our society. This is not only a current issue, in fact it has been happening for quite a while. Even as far back as the 1950’s, women were placed in a gender disgracing role where they are always bending over backwards for men or being made inferior to them. In the 1950’s, women were thought to be placed at a man’s feet, doing anything and everything for them without question. Does this gender role still exist in modern society? Or did we get rid of it after the controversial 50’s ads appeared in public settings?
Have you ever tried to open a ketchup bottle? It’s pretty easy, and pretty much anyone can do it. In the 1950’s, society looked down upon women so much that they didn’t even believe a woman could open a bottle of ketchup without a man’s help. The ad being analyzed depicts a woman holding a bottle of ketchup, and staring at the reader with her mouth open in a surprised fashion. The caption under the advertisement says “You mean a woman can open it?” This astonished me greatly because I have...

...RESERVATION FOR WOMEN IN LEGISLATIVE HOUSES: TOWARDS EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN
The Constitution (108th Amendment) Bill, 2010 as approved by Rajya Sabha recently, seeks to reserve as nearly as possible one third of all seats for women in the Lok Sabha, the lower house of Parliament, and the state legislative assemblies including Delhi. Rajya Sabha and Legislative councils in States are excluded from the purview of thisreservation, justification for which was not explained anywhere. The allocation of reserved seats shall be determined by such authority as prescribed by the Parliament. This bill also seeks to reserve one-third seats among those reserved to Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in favour of SC/ST women. These reservations will cease to exist 15 years after commencement of the Act. This Bill has a provision giving power to the Center to review and extend the reservations. Reserved seats will be allocated by rotation to different constituencies in the state and union territory. If a state or union territory as only one seat in the Lok Sabha that seat shall be reserved for women in the first general election of every cycle of three elections. If there are two seats, each shall be reserved once in a cycle of three elections. Similar rules apply for seats reserved for SC/STs. Of the two seats in the Lok Sabha reserved for Anglo Indians, one...

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Thread Starter
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1
14-05-2013 19:29
Doing section 1 for the Biology ISA tomorrow on how windspeed affects the rate of temperature loss through sweating. How is everyone feeling? I am confident, my mock ISA was very similar and we have had a lot of preparation for it.
I have one question, there will probably be section where you have to explain why you came up with your hypothesis. My hypothesis is that windspeed will affect the rate of temperature loss through sweating. But I have to explain why I came up with it. I basically have the main idea of it, but it is harder than I thought to actually explain it....
So my first question is: why does windspeed affect the rate of evaporation? (I basically know the answer, I just want to see what you guys come up with for a modular answer).
My second question is quite open really, has anyone got any good tips for the 9 mark method question? I've basically got a method outlined on the note sheet with all the details and explained thoroughly...
Thanks for your time
Thread Starter
()
1
14-05-2013 19:29
Doing section 1 for the Biology ISA tomorrow on how windspeed affects the rate of temperature loss through sweating. How is everyone feeling? I am confident, my mock ISA was very similar and we have had a lot of preparation for it.
I have one question, there will probably be section where you have to explain why you came up with...

...﻿The Women's Reservation Bill has been a political raw nerve for nearly a decade now. It has always triggered heated debates in Parliament and outside.
Its advocates say the Bill is essential for active political participation of women.
Opponents argue that reservation would only help women of elitist groups gain political power, aggravating the plight of the poor and deprived sections.
If you are wondering just what the Women's Reservation Bill is and why it is so controversial, read on.
How did the Women's Reservation Bill originate?
The proposed legislation to reserve 33.3 percent seats in Parliament and state legislatures for women was drafted first by the H D Deve Gowda-led United Front government. The Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha on September 12, 1996. Though it has been introduced in Parliament several times since then, the Bill could not be passed because of lack of political consensus.
What does the Bill provide?
Reservation for women at each level of legislative decision-making, starting with the Lok Sabha, down to state and local legislatures.
If the Bill is passed, one-third of the total available seats would be reserved for women in national, state, or local governments.
In continuation of the existing provisions already mandating reservations for scheduled caste and...

...The 50 Most Powerful Women
Sexism. Misogyny. After all these centuries, it still exists. “Women have to be inferior to men.” That is what has always been said, throughout many different societies. But, times have changed, and society now holds women to a more equal standard. People know this – society knows this – and, thus it has been accepted. There are many different ways to benefit from the increasing equality between genders, and magazines have decided to use this changing view to their advantage. By extolling the virtues of women, magazines, such as Fortune, gains more consumers. Every year, Fortune has an annual ranking of the Most Powerful Women in Business; in 2012, they had "The 50 Most Powerful Women" issue to demonstrate this continuation. The fact that these rankings are on an annual basis makes it more appealing to a more liberal audience, as it demonstrates a constant, ongoing interest on women rather than a temporary interest. By having this annual ranking, Fortune is able to increase their already large audience with those who are interested in women's expanding role in society today.
From the Editor’s Desk concerning “Powerful Women”, the audience is immediately confronted with the reasons why they should read Fortune magazine. Andy Serwer, the managing editor, is able to appeal using ethos when he recognizes...

...Women and Reservation in Panchayat
Dr. Paresh M. Parmar
Associate Professor &amp; Head
Dept. of Sociology
Anand Arts College,
Anand - 388001, Gujarat.
E-Mail : drpareshparmar@gmail.com
(M) 9924602109
Abstract :
Democracy is not only a kind of governance. Total political participation of women with men is essential for success of democracy. Number of women in formal structure of politics is very less after six decades after independence. There are 33% reservation for active participation of politics of women in Gujarat state. In this politics, women who become president (Sarpanch) of Panchayat, member and chairperson of District Panchayat give their thumb impression keeping veiled themselves. Their position is like a doll whose guiding rope is kept with male persons. Here an attempt has been made in this paper to examine how her position and participation with reference to Gram Panchayat of Kheda district. Data and information are collected by taking personal interview of women members.
Keywords - Women, Panchayat, Reservation, Political Participation
Introduction :
Women are given political rights, equality and freedom equal to men by Indian Constitution. There is a freedom to serve in decision making by a member in active politics to each men and women in India. If...

...Women’s Reservation: Another Approach
Mukesh Dalal
he Women’s Reservation Bill is currently caught in a deadly stalemate. Nevertheless, the idea of affirmative action to enhance the participation of women in our legislatures is finally getting to be debated in terms of exploring various options and alternatives which will avoid the pitfalls of a lottery based, territorially reserved, rotating quota of seats for women. Over the last four years, MANUSHI has submitted three different options: a) Multi seat constituencies, b) Dual member constituencies, c) Party based quotas in ticket allocation (MANUSHI 96, 97, 107, 116). Based on the feedback received, we prepared a comprehensive Alternative Women’s Reservation Bill which was introduced in MANUSHI 116. This has been endorsed by numerous women’s organisations, activists and other concerned people, and has also led to widespread debate on the subject all over the country. Now we present another proposal by Mukesh Dalal which he claims will be far more effective than any other suggested so far. Many of our readers are likely to find it too complicated and problematic in actual implementation. Since we think it is important to keep our minds open and engage seriously with various suggestions being made for improving the Bill, we invite our readers to respond to his proposition. -Editor
T
espite several years of national consensuson women’s...