Thursday, August 12, 2010

Katherine Shulten and Holly Ojalvo wrote a great article on using The New York Times for teaching literature. Here are the 10 ways they suggested:

1. Certain classics have appeared on a majority of high school English lists every year since the 1960’s, and many, if not most, are likely somewhere in your own school’s curriculum. We have made special Teaching Topics pages of Times and Learning Network resources for many of these, including:

Major plays by Shakespeare, such as“Romeo and Juliet” and “Hamlet” .

50 Years of ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’

J.D. Salinger and ‘The Catcher in the Rye'

“The Odyssey”

“The Great Gatsby”

“Frankenstein”

“The Lord of the Flies”

2. But say you’re teaching a book – perhaps a work of nonfiction – that we haven’t made a special collection for, and you want to scare up some relevant and interesting Times features to share with students.

To find Times articles from 1851-present related to almost any book, use Site Search. Click on Advanced Search (on the right-hand side of the Search page) to narrow your search. To go back further, search the archives from 1851-1980. (Note that some articles are not available for free.) As needed, sort your results by “newest first,” “oldest first” or “closest match.”

Take, for example, “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” If you do a site search for “Huckleberry Finn,” you’ll see that one of its very first mentions in The New York Times came in 1885 in the form of an editorial republished from the Springfield Republican. Headlined “Trashy and Vicious,” it comments on the Concord Library’s ban of the book. Among other things, you would also find:

a 1902 letter from Mark Twain on the Omaha Public Library’s ban

a 1984 piece by Norman Mailer on the novel’s 100th birthday

a 1992 article about the source of Huck’s voice

the 1995 article “Teaching Huck Finn Without Fear”

a 1957 editorial on the New York City Board of Education dropping the book

a 1996 article comparing the novel to “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”

a 1995 essay on “Huck’s” influence on literary portrayals of childhood

You might choose one of these for students to consider as they read “Huck,” or you might have them skip through the archives themselves and muse on what they find there and how it affects their reading of the novel.

For example, if you’re teaching “The Grapes of Wrath”, the Great Depression page has a short overview of the social, political, and economic conditions of the period, as well as photo slide shows of both black and white and color photographs from the era. The page also highlights several videos in The New Hard Times series in which people who were alive during the Great Depression compare it to conditions today.

Similarly, Anne Frank’s “Diary of a Young Girl,” Elie Wiesel’s “Night” or “The Book Thief” might be taught using resources from the Times Topics page on the Holocaust, or with our special Holocaust collection.

And just for fun, the interactive Literary Map of Manhattan might teach your students about writers like J.D. Salinger and Ralph Ellison, or might inspire them to create their own map or itinerary that features the literary landscape of another region, state or country.

4. Show students the relevance of what they read to “the real world” by having them connect key quotes from the work to news articles, photos and editorials in The Times that echo this idea. How do these three famous quotes, for example, resonate today? What contemporary connections can students find in The Times?

“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times.” (“A Tale of Two Cities”)

“No man, for any considerable period, can wear one face to himself and another to the multitude, without finally getting bewildered as to which may be the true.” (“The Scarlet Letter”)

“How wonderful it is that nobody need wait a single moment before starting to improve the world.” (“Diary of a Young Girl”)

5. Maybe your students are reading contemporary fiction like “The Kite Runner,” “The Brief, Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao” or “Life of Pi”. Or perhaps they’re recommending new titles to each other in preparation for a book group.

If so, the Books section offers podcasts and a blog with news and interviews about these and other popular books and writers. In December each year The Times also chooses 100 Notable Books of that year to recommend.

6. Or, perhaps, you teach young adult literature or pair YA novels with classics. In our lesson It’s the Same Old Story we highlight commonalities between the “Twilight” series and other literature, and the lesson can easily be adapted to work with any young adult novel, from the “Harry Potter” series to “The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian”.

To give your students models of how to think critically about YA books, you might assign such pieces as the 2006 essay by Naomi Wolf about the “Gossip Girl,” “A-List” and “Clique” novels and the 2009 essay by Ned Vizzini about stereotypes in young adult fiction.

7. A common literature class assignment: to consider or create adaptations of literary works. Students might rewrite a portion of a literary text, either updating it, writing a point of view or recasting it in a new genre or under new conditions.

You might also point out the many published works that reinvent classics, such as the recent legal battle over the “Catcher in the Rye” sequel illustrated. This article lists many famous “sequels,” including the critically acclaimed “The Wide Sargasso Sea” and the creative "Pride and Prejudice and Zombies".

And if your students are critically reviewing film adaptations – or drafting their own ideas for the movie version of a book they’re reading – they might find and read the Times movie review and other commentary on adaptations (such as Joyce Carol Oates’s Opinion piece on the Disney version of “The Scarlet Letter”). These two lessons will help students compare book and movie versions of the same work: Setting the Stage From the Page and What a Character! Comparing Literary Adaptations.

8. If your students are delving into author biography, a good place to start is the Times Topics pages about them. Find them quickly and easily using the drop-down menu on the right-hand side of the Books section, which features many writers from Jane Austen, Nikolai Gogol, Ernest Hemingway, George Orwell, Edgar Allan Poe and Albert Camus to Raymond Carver, Stephen King and Edwidge Danticat.

Use these pages to discover intriguing tidbits about writers, like how Amy Tan came to write “The Joy Luck Club,” why Sandra Cisneros got mostly C’s and D’s in 5th grade and how Salman Rushdie uses his computer to compose his works.

9. Graphic novels, such as “Persepolis” and “Maus,” are taught across the curriculum in many schools. Here are two useful essays about graphic novels, one about the genre in general, and another about their use in schools. Our lesson That’s the Story of My Life has students creating their own storyboards for graphic novels about adolescence.

10. For more ideas, explore our ever-expanding trove of language arts lesson plans. (Tip: All of our lessons on literature since fall 2009 are tagged “literature,” but there are many more, going back to 1999.)

You’ll find a range of lessons about particular authors and genres, as well as activities encouraging having fun with and opening new vantage points on literature.

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THE INSPIRATION

"The Railroad Classrooms" was inspired by my favorite book: Totto-chan written by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi. It was based on a true story about an ideal school in Tokyo during WWII founded by Sosaku Kobayashi, who was a believer in freedom of expression and creativity. This book has followed me through in my quest for a higher standard of education for children in America and throughout the world.