Goyathlay was born in what is now the state of New Mexico and according to the maps of the time was part of Mexico, but which his family considered Bedonkohe Apache land. He grew up to be a respected medicine man and an accomplished warrior who fought frequently with Mexican troops. His Mexican adversaries gave him the nickname of "Geronimo", the Spanish language version of the name "Jerome".

Geronimo fought against ever increasing numbers of both Mexican and United States troops and became famous for his daring exploits and numerous escapes from capture.