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This document is in three parts. It first discusses the 4 prongs for the elimination of HIV infection among children; in other words, the 4 prongs of PMTCT. The 4 prongs are: (1) preventing unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV, (2) preventing new HIV infections, (3) safer infant feedings, and (4) treatment. This document focuses primarily on the first 2 prongs and how PMTCT is critical because the impact of keeping children alive will be lost if their mothers are not also kept alive. …

Nearly half of the people in the world are under the age of 25, with one in three people aged between 10 and 24 years. Youth are most at risk of HIV infection and other sexual health problems. These include unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The HIV pandemic has made us think about how and when to have sex in a way that is healthy for our partners and ourselves. This includes knowing how to say 'no' to sex when we do not want it. Many youth have a lot of knowledge about HIV prevention, but this knowledge is not always right. …

This qualitative study in Busia District focused on the views of teenagers themselves as expressed in nine focus group discussions with girls and boys. Their perspectives were contrasted with those of community leaders and mothers of adolescents. The young people blamed teenage pregnancy on failures of the parental generation. They asserted that parents and guardians were both too lenient and too harsh, that they failed to provide for their daughters' needs, and that they pressured them into early marriages instead of giving priority to education. …

The Sexual and Reproductive Health of Young Victorians is a report resulting from a collaborative project between the Family Planning Victoria, the Royal Women's Hospital and the Centre for Adolescent Health in Victoria, Australia. The goal of the project was to further the community's understanding of young Victorians' sexual and reproductive health - and to propose ways in which it might be improved. …

HIV counseling is an important component of HIV/AIDS prevention. Evaluations from Uganda and Rwanda demonstrated this. Yet, there is a reluctance among some decision-makers and service managers to give HIV counseling its proper due as a discipline through which trained practitioners can produce measurable useful results. It is under-resourced and not fully appreciated.