11.By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors in the United States had begun to exert ____ over art.
(A)influence worldwide a great (B)a great worldwide influence
(C) influence a great worldwide (D)a worldwide influence great

(A) Anxiety is a state of uneasiness or distress about future uncertainties.
(B) Last month’s bill came in today, so Father’s in a grouchy mood.
(C) When the baseball sailed through the window, it nearly hit the coach.
(D) Stars in our universe vary in temperature, color, bright, size, and mass.

(A) Grinning broadly, the winner of the Oscar made his way down the aisle and up the stairs to the stage.
(B) We all wondered whether our class leader would remain fearlessly when she was confronted by the principal.
(C) Will Rogers is well remembered for the humorous newspaper columns he wrote for many years.
(D) The reason that I am happy is that I have won a scholarship to Georgetown University.

(A) Ask whomever is in the information booth, and you will find out whether men’s shoes are on this floor.
(B) Salmon have been known to leap up waterfalls as high as eleven feet in their journey to the places where they spawn.
(C) Even with adequate light and moisture, plant growth ceases when the air temperature abruptly drops below a certain minimum level.
(D) The works of poet Denise Levertov are rooted in her experience as a woman of the mid-twentieth century.

(A) Has anyone heard the news that Mrs. Lee has asked to exchange her shorts for cut-offs?
(B) Even I haven’t done anything to hurt her, she still wants to end our relationship.
(C) Jon wanted to see one of the Star Trek movies again, but the rest of us were in favor of watching something new.
(D) The famous golfer along with his many fans was heading toward the ninth green.

(A) Thomas Jefferson established the University of Virginia, one of the oldest educational institutions in the U.S.
(B) Whether as a statesman, scientist, and philosopher, Benjamin Franklin was destined to gain lasting honor throughout much of the world.
(C) John F. Kennedy and his two siblings devoted most of their public lives to furthering political ideals that eventually became associated with the Democratic Party.
(D) Programmed instruction received its major impetus from the work of behaviorist B. F. Skinner, who, after years of research, devised a practical system in 1954.

26.American Indians played a central role in the war known as the American Revolution. To them, however, the dispute between the colonists and England was peripheral. For American Indians the conflict was a war for American Indian independence, and whichever they chose they lost it. Mary Brant was a powerful influence among the Iroquois. She was a Mohawk, the leader of the society of all Iroquois matrons, and the widow of Sir William Johnson, Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Her brother, Joseph Brant, is the best-known American Indian warrior of the Revolution, yet she may have exerted even more influence in the Confederacy than he did. She used her influence to keep the western tribes of Iroquois loyal to the English King, George III. When the colonists won the war, she and her tribe had to abandon their lands and retreat to Canada. On the other side, Nancy Ward held positions of authority in the Cherokee nation. She had fought as a warrior in the war against the Creeks and as a reward for her heroism was made “Beloved Woman” of the tribe. This office made her chief of the women’s council and a member of the council of chiefs. She was friendly with the White settlers and supported the Patriots during the Revolution. Yet the Cherokees too lost their land.
【題組】What is the main point the author makes in the passage?
(A) Regardless of whom they supported in the Revolution, American Indians lost their land.
(B) The outcome of the Revolution was largely determined by American Indian women.
(C) At the time of the Revolution, the Superintendent of Indian Affairs had little power.
(D) Siding with the English in the Revolution helped American Indians regain their land.

30.【題組】According to the passage, what did Mary Brant and Nancy Ward have in common?
(A) Each went to England after the American Revolution.
(B) Each influenced her tribe’s role in the American Revolution.
(C) Each was called “Beloved Woman” by her tribe.
(D) Each lost a brother in the American Revolution.

31.Tomato plants have a way of protecting themselves from caterpillars. When any leaf on a tomato plant is bitten by a caterpillar, all the leaves in the plant begin producing special proteins that interfere with the caterpillar’s digestion. Soon, the caterpillar will be disgusted with the taste and will leave the plant alone.
Since plants do not have central nervous systems as do animals, it requires explanation how the wounded leaf notifies other leaves to be on guard for danger. Most scientists believe the messenger to be a chemical circulating in the plant’s fluids. An astonishing discovery by David Wildon, a British biologist, has posed a serious challenge to that belief. In an experiment, Wildon placed electrodes on the surface of a tomato plant and then set caterpillars on a leaf. When the leaf was injured, it discharged a tiny electric current all over the plant’s surface. Every leaf in the plant soon started producing defensive proteins.
Wildon is currently conducting further experiments on the tomato plant and other plants. Having proved the existence of electricity on the surface of the tomato plant, he is now placing electrodes inside the plant tissues to measure possible electric currents there. Many plants flower in the spring, when their leaves sense the exact length of daytime indicating the arrival of spring. How do the leaves transmit that message to the growth pints where buds appear? Wildon suspects it has to do with electricity again, and he is trying to find out.
【題組】The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) making a definition (B) defending a theory
(C) disproving a hypothesis (D) introducing an experiment

32.【題組】According to the passage, tomato plants defend themselves from predators by
(A) producing a protein in their fruit (B) connecting electrodes to the surface of predators
(C) setting up an electric fence (D) changing their taste

33.【題組】The author mentions central nervous systems in animals probably in order to
(A) bring out the question of communication between leaves
(B) point out one difference between animals and plants
(C) suggest a reason why leaves easily get wounded
(D) prove that tomato plants are different from all other plants

34.【題組】According to the passage, how do plants know that it is time to flower?
(A) The electricity in the tissues breaks out on the surface in spring
(B) The leaves detect the precise duration of daylight hours
(C) The growth points sense that it is springtime
(D) The roots react to the changing degree of humidity in the soil

36.When was the first music written? The question can never be answered exactly, but it is likely that some form of musical expression is nearly as old as language itself. Music seems to come to mankind naturally. Every known society has songs. Children hum and sing nursery rhymes and make up silly songs of their own, or so it seems to adults, for no other reason than to have fun. Infants respond to familiar jungles and advertising music. But what is music? Again the answer is evasive. We know the ancient Egyptians had music yet they were totally ignorant of harmony. The Greeks, arguably the most cultured society of the past, enjoyed the many delights of music, but usually only as a means to more fully express poetry, and they had not even the most basic concept of key. But regardless of the differences between today’s music and the music of the past, music has a long and glorious history indeed. Whether music’s origins were sacred, using simple melodies to accompany early religious rites, or commonplace, arising spontaneously to show pleasure or satisfaction, will remain a mystery. But there is much about music we do know.
Music has the power to elevate our feelings and temporarily place us above the grinding concerns of everyday life. It can make us weep with sadness, or, just as easily, with joy. A grand symphony can stir feelings of passionate national pride while a catchy pop song can bring up memories of a now long distant youth. Music is the most ordinary and accessible of the arts. Everyone, illiterate or a concert pianist schooled at Julliard, has a favorite song. It is impossible to go a day without hearing music. Turn on the radio? Music. Watch television or a movie? Music. Attend a sporting event, observe a group of children playing, or go shopping at the mall? Music, music, and more music. Music enhances all of life’s passions. It accompanies human experience from the base to the most noble. Without music life would be dreary indeed, but there is no cause for concern. Man could sooner live without bread than without music.
【題組】What is the best title for this passage?
(A) How Music is Used in Television and Radio (B) The Origin and Role of Music
(C) Children and Music (D) A Musician Explains Why He Loves Music

39.【題組】It can be inferred from the passage that the author refers to music as the most ordinary of the arts because
(A) it comes in so many varieties (B) it is studied by everyone
(C) it occurs all around us (D) it is the most easily learned

40.【題組】According to the passage, which of the following is NOT discussed as a function of music
(A) healing our ailment (B) expressing poems (C) lifting our emotions (D) being played in religious ceremonies

41.It was not “the comet of the century” experts predicted it might be. Nevertheless, Kohoutek has provided a bonanza of scientific information. It was first spotted 370 million miles from Earth, by an astronomer who was searching the sky for asteroids, and after whom the comet was named. Scientists who tracked Kohoutek the ten months before it passed the Earth predicted the comet would be a brilliant spectacle. But Kohoutek fell short of these predictions, disappointing millions of amateur sky watchers, when it proved too pale to be seen with the unaided eye. Researchers were delighted nonetheless with the new information they were able to glean from their investigation of the comet. Perhaps the most significant discovery was the identification of two important chemical compounds—methyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide—never before seen in comets, but found in the far reaches of interstellar space. The discovery revealed new clues about the origin of comets. Most astronomers agree that comets are primordial remnants from the formation of the solar system, but whether they were born between Jupiter and Neptune or much farther out toward interstellar space has been the subject of much debate. If compounds no more complex than ammonia and methane, key components of Jupiter, were seen in comets, it would suggest that comets form within the planetary orbits. But more complex compounds, such as the methyl cyanide found in Kohoutek, point to formation far beyond the planets; there the deep freeze of space has kept them unchanged.
【題組】What is the subject of the passage?
(A) What was learned from Kohoutek
(B) What was disappointing about Kohoutek
(C) Where Kohoutek was spotted
(D) How Kohoutek was tracked

42.【題組】Why was Kohoutek referred to as “the comet of the century?”
(A) It was thought to be extremely old.
(B) It passes the Earth once a century.
(C) Scientists predicted it would be very bright.
(D) Scientists have been tracking it for a century.

43.【題組】In what respect was Kohoutek a disappointment?
(A) It could be seen only through special equipment.
(B) It did not approach the Earth.
(C) It did not provide valuable scientific information.
(D) It was moving too rapidly for scientists to photograph.

45.【題組】Which of the following questions is best answered by information gained from Kohoutek?
(A) Where were comets formed? (B) When were comets formed?
(C) When was the solar system formed? (D) How was the solar system formed?

46.During the early years of this century, wheat was seen as the very lifeblood of Western Canada. When the crops were good, the economy was good; when the crops failed, there was depression. People on city streets watched the yields and the price of wheat with almost as much feeling as if they were growers. The marketing of wheat became an increasingly favorite topic of conversation.
War set the stage for the most dramatic events in marketing the western crop. For years, farmers mistrusted speculative grain selling as carried on through the Winnipeg Grain Exchange. Wheat prices were generally low in the autumn, but farmers could not wait for markets to improve. It had happened too often that they sold their wheat soon after harvest when farm debts were coming due, only to see prices rising and speculators getting rich. On various occasions, producer groups asked for firmer controls, but governments had no wish to become involved, at least not until wartime wheat prices threatened to run wild.
Anxious to check inflation and rising living costs, the federal government appointed a board of grain supervisors to handle deliveries from the crops of 1917 and 1918. Grain Exchange trading was suspended, and farmers sold at prices fixed by the board. To handle the crop of 1919, the government appointed the first Canadian Wheat Board, with full authority to buy, sell, and set prices.
【題組】
What is the main purpose of the passage?
(A) To explain how wheat is marketed today
(B) To justify suspension of trading on the Grain Exchange
(C) To describe the origins of the Canadian Wheat Board
(D) To argue for further reforms on the Canadian Wheat Board

47.【題組】The author uses the term “lifeblood” (line 1) to indicate that wheat was
(A) difficult to produce in large quantities (B) susceptible to many parasites
(C) essential to the health of the country (D) expensive to gather and transport

48.【題組】According to the passage, most farmers’ debts had to be paid
(A) when the autumn harvest had just been completed (B) because wheat prices were high
(C) as soon as the Winnipeg Grain Exchange demanded payment (D) when crop failure caused depression

50.【題組】According to the passage, a preliminary step in the creation of the Canadian Wheat Board was the appointment of
(A) the Winnipeg Grain Exchange (B) a board of supervisors
(C) several producer groups (D) a new government