The explosion, which could be heard several kilometres away, also sent burning debris showering down over an area a few hundred metres from the justice and interior ministries, a top courthouse, and the former office of the prime minister.

"These attacks, which threaten our country's integrity and our nation's unity and solidarity, do not weaken our resolve in fighting terrorism but bolster our determination," President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said in a statement.

"As of now there has been no claim of responsibility," said Al Jazeera's Mohammed Jamjoom, reporting from Istanbul.

"But this is a real concern for Turkey. It happened in the capital and this is the third explosion to have happened" in Ankara since October.

Nine F-16s and two F-4 jets raided 18 positions of the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK, including the Qandil mountains where the group's leadership is based, the state-run Anadolu news agency reported. Targets hit consisted of ammunition depots, bunkers and shelters.

Police carried out raids in the southern city of Adana, detaining suspected PKK rebels, the agency reported. The private Dogan news agency said at least 36 suspects were taken under custody. Fifteen suspected Kurdish fighters were also detained in Istanbul, Anadolu said.

Local broadcasters reported that an Ankara court ordered a ban on access to Facebook, Twitter and other sites in Turkey, after images from the car bombing were shared on social media. Several local users reported difficulty in accessing the sites.

Fadi Hakura, a Turkey expert and associate fellow at Chatham House, told Al Jazeera that insecurity was becoming the new norm in the country.

"Insecurity and instability now is the new dynamic in Turkish politics and in society," he said.

"Both of the last two attacks happened before the summit between the EU and Turkey, so I suspect that the group that carried out these attacks was seeking maximum publicity, not just in Turkey but in the outside world, to make it clear that Turkey is an insecure and unstable place."

"We know how and when we will respond," Ahmet Davutoglu, Turkey's prime minister, told Al Jazeera in an interview, referring to the February attack.

"Definitely, those who made this attack against our people will pay the price, but how and when, we will decide. And when it happens, everybody will see that Turkey can respond [to] any challenges, any attack, against it."

A Kurdish armed group, the Kurdistan Freedom Hawks (TAK), which is an offshoot of the outlawed PKK, claimed responsibility for that attack. TAK says it split from the PKK.

Sunday's explosion was the second deadly attack to strike Ankara in the span of a month [Reuters]

Turkey has been fighting on multiple fronts. As part of a US-led coalition, it is battling the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as ISIS), which has seized territory in neighbouring Syria and Iraq.

It is also battling the PKK in its southeast, where a two-and-a-half-year ceasefire collapsed last July, prompting the worst violence since the 1990s.

Turkey sees the unrest in its largely Kurdish southeast as deeply linked to events in northern Syria, where the Kurdish YPG militia has seized territory as it fights both ISIL and rebels battling President Bashar al-Assad.