Bioengineering and Genetically Modified Organisms

The Human genome is known to be the sequencing of about twenty thousand five hundred thousand genes that make up our human DNA, or the building block that tells our cells what to do. The government created project that is named the Human Genome Project started in 1990’s, and is trying to pick apart at the three billion chemical base pairs in a DNA strand. The full set of the information present in the form of the genes in living organism then forms its genome. Each individual person has twenty three pairs of chromosomes by having the DNA of ours double helix in each, all being different from the other person. The Project is a worldwide project with the efforts and with the goal to study and analyze the structure of human DNA by determining the location of the estimated one hundred thousand human genes. Inner twined with this effort, is a set of model organisms that will be studied to provide the compared/contrasted information necessary to fulfill the understanding of the function of the human genome.

The Human Genome Project has an abundance of goals to set. The main goal is identifying all of the 100,000 genes in human DNA. Second, to determine the sequence or flow of three billion chemical base pairs those make up our human genomes. All this information must be stored in a database to be credible documentation. As a result of this project, it is said to be predicted that vast increases in technology and biology molecular world will indeed occur whether we like it or not. It was based in speculation that the project will possibly take two decades to finish studying. Some scientist did not even think it could be done because the technology was not ready for this specific type of drawn out project. From my article read is said to that “The Human Genome Project (HGP) was the international, collaborative research program whose goal was the complete mapping and understanding of all the genes of...

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...What is a geneticallymodifiedorganism?
A geneticallymodifiedorganism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using techniques in genetics generally known as recombinant DNA technology. Viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals are all examples of organisms that have been engineered so that they contain genes from at least on unrelated organism. To create a geneticallymodifiedorganism a molecule from a different source are combined into another molecule to create a new set of genes. One example of a geneticallymodifiedorganism is the monkey named ANDi created in 2000. He carries the gene for a green fluorescent protein derived from Jellyfish called the GFP gene.
What are three current uses of these organisms?
Geneticallymodifiedorganisms are mostly known for uses in agriculture and crops but are also used for pharmaceutical uses, and in biological and medical research.
GMO’s are used in crops such as corn because they have been modified in a way that they have somewhat become pest resistant and herbicide tolerant. In making our crops pest resistant there are less crop losses and it also helps in elimination of having to apply chemical pesticides. Crops...

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Project
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Biotechnology
Submitted by: Romina Jairah M. Santos
Submitted to: Mrs. Imelda Alvarez
GENETICALLYMODIFIEDORGANISMS (GMOs)
HISTORY:
The general principle of producing a GMO is to alter the genetic material of an organism's genome. Genetic modification caused by human activity has been occurring since humans first domesticated animals in 12 000 BC and plants around 10,000 BC. Genetic engineering the direct transfer of DNA from one organism to another was first accomplished by Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen in 1973.Advances have allowed scientists to manipulate and add genes to a variety of different organism and to induce a range of different effects. Since 1976 the technology has been commercialized, with companies producing and selling geneticallymodified food and medicine. This may involve mutating, deleting, or adding genetic material. When genetic material from a different species is added, the resulting DNA is called recombinant DNA and the organism is called a transgenic organism. The first recombinant DNA molecules were produced by Paul Berg in 1972.
USES:
GMOs are used in biological and medical research, production of pharmaceutical drugs, experimental medicine (e.g. gene therapy), and agriculture (e.g. golden rice). The term "geneticallymodifiedorganism" does not always...

...Vecchio 1
GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms
Hayley Vecchio
Here comes synthetic food, and their big money, and they want to control, our body and soul” — Ziggy Marley, from, "Tumblin' Down" (Miller [4]). In 1988 Bob Marley’s son Ziggy warned us about synthetic foods, three decades before big corporations started commercially gene-gunning virus and hormone sequences into the DNA of seeds.
The debate over geneticallymodified (GM) food, also known as geneticallymodifiedorganisms (GMO’s), is vast. I believe that the use and creation of geneticallymodified foods should be banned until health effects are better understood. All the meanwhile the spread of geneticallymodifiedorganisms has gone unnoticed by the majority of Americans, most have no idea that there are GMOs in their food, and may not even know what a GMO is. The people of America deserve to know what they are consuming
(Barret).
The graph above shows that 63 percent of processed food in the United States contains GM ingredients (Barrett). Soda and sweets are almost guaranteed to contain GM ingredients. Not only does the US government allow this overabundant and dangerous use of GMO’s, but they don’t require food manufacturers to disclose their use of geneticallymodifiedorganisms....

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GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms
Outline:
I. Description of Technology
a. What is GMO?
b. Purpose of the technology
II. Evolution of GMO Technology
a. A walk in the history of GMO-beginning to present
b. Review the social impact of GMO technology
III. Political and legal Influences
a. Legislative measures to protect consumers from GMO consumption
b. The public and legal debate, Is GMO Safe?
IV. Economic questions and considerations
a. GMO’s correlation to poverty reduction
b. Economic impact of GMO foods
V. Psychological considerations and sociological effects
a. Does GMO have any effect on behavior or mental wellness?
b. How GMO impacted society and what changes have it caused?
VI. The technology in its cultural context, media influence
a. GMO success in the United States
b. Has the media had an effect on the public in regards to GMO?
VII. Implications for the environment
a. Effects GMO’s will have on biodiversity
b. Effects on insects, spiders and other animals
VIII. Moral and ethical implications
a. Advantages & disadvantages/concerns
b. Is this right? Should we be pro GMO?
Thesis Statement:
While GMO foods have made feeding a rapidly growing population far more efficient, there are far too many question marks with regards to health concerns and adequate safety testing regarding the usage of this food production technique. GMO produced foods while...

...A GeneticallyModifiedOrganism is an organism whose inherited matter has been altered using heritable engineering techniques. It is basically a special set of technologies that alter the genetic makeups in organisms that vary, such as plants, animals, or bacteria. Combining genes from different species is known as recombinant DNA technology, and the outcome organism is known as geneticallymodified. Now the question lies, is geneticallymodifiedorganisms needed to suppress hunger? In my opinion, yes, GeneticallyModifiedOrganisms can be the solution to the global hunger crisis. The technology to genetically modify has the ability to clone plants and animals, let them grow at much fast rates, and improve unwanted traits as well as eliminate tendencies to particular illnesses, and diseases.
GMOs are created with three required main components, the gene we want to transfer, the specie we want to put into, and the vector to take the gene into the target organism’s cells. The procedure it for the gene to be cut out and isolated from the original organism by the restriction catalyst, then the trans-gene is put into a vector which has the ability of getting inside cells of the target species. The target gene is then inserted into the host cells, which...

...﻿GeneticallyModifiedOrganismsGeneticallymodifiedorganisms (GMOs) are taking the aspects of genes that people like the most and infusing them into another gene. These GMOs are used to make plants live through pesticides and herbicides, drought, and just about anything else that gets thrown at them. The problem with doing this is it not only makes the plants resistant to the chemicals but it also develops super weeds that can take on far more chemicals than the original ones. Now there is far more residue on people’s food and because GMOs are not labeled, people have no idea what they are eating. Not knowing what is being injected can cause some serious health problems relating to the immune system triggering an allergic reaction. In order to free a person from the everyday worries of ingesting these GMOs into their body with or without their knowledge, geneticallymodifiedorganisms should be banned. When it comes to GMOs our knowledge is minimal. Until we can learn more about them they should be banned.
The splicing of genes is how geneticallymodifiedorganisms are made. Referred to as genetically engineering (GE), DNA from one species is injected into another species to create what nature cannot. These plants, animals, bacteria, and viral genes are relatively new to us. In the...

...Short Essay 2: GeneticallyModifiedOrganism Debate
A geneticallymodifiedorganism is used to refer an organism whose
genetic material has been changed by genetic engineering techniques, which
cut and combine DNA molecules from different organism into one molecule
(Wikipedia, 2012). This way, scientists can give it new characteristics that
people desire but do not have normally. Since the benefits brought by
geneticallymodifiedorganism are extremely obviously, such as lower
production costs and higher yields (National Research Council, 2010),
geneticallymodifiedorganism has become more and more popular and
penetrated into every piece of people’s life. Nowadays, “Over 70 percent of
corn, soy, and other staple grains on the market today have been geneticallymodified (Topline Foods)”. As the glory of GMO starts to fade, people starts to
concern about the negative effects geneticallymodifiedorganism might
potentially exist. Issues and discussions are raised that whether geneticallymodifiedorganism should be labeled out on the wrap of food product and
whether geneticallymodified...

...What is home to you?
GMO is an organism whose genetic makeup is changed by humans. A geneticallymodifiedorganism (GMO) is a plant, animal or microorganism whose genetic code has been altered, subtracted, or added (either from the same species or a different species) in order to give it characteristics that it does not have normally.
A GMO is created when DNA from one organism is combined with another organism’s DNA to make one molecule. With genetic engineering they can make bigger and more nutritious fruit and vegetables. Human embryos can be geneticallymodified in case it might have a chance of having a disease. If breast cancer is commonly found in a family the scientists can engineer the embryo so that it does not receive that trait. Trees and fruits that are geneticallymodified can be grown so that pesticides grow naturally in them. Scientific and social arguments and evidence in support of the topic GMOs can benefit the world in many ways. They can provide more vegetables and fruits compared to non GMOs. (Clarice Swisher, 11/30/09, p.43). Selective breeding was the earliest form of genetic engineering in which farmers would pick the biggest or best looking crops and breed them together to produce better and bigger crops. Also scientists sometimes bred different plants together to create an even better plant. Genetically...