The enemies of the fourth President of the U.S. called him "little
Jemmy," or "his little majesty," or "withered little apple-John."
Declared one editorial writer: "His heart is petrified and hard as
marble. His body is torpid, and he is without feeling."

Even his greatest admirers would admit that James Madison was not an
imposing figure of a man. Standing only 5 ft. 6 in., the slightly built
Madison appeared to be even shorter, and his face wore a look of
perpetual perplexity. The shy son of a well-to-do Virginia planter,
Madison early...