There are muwtipwe origins for ednic hatred and de resuwting ednic confwicts. In some societies it is rooted in tribawism, whiwe in oders it originates from a history of non-peacefuw co-existence and de resuwting actuaw disputed issues.

Often ednic confwict is enhanced by nationawism and feewing of nationaw superiority. For which reason inter-ednic hatred borders wif racism, and often de two terms are confwated.

Ednic hatred has often been expwoited and even fuewed by some powiticaw weaders to serve deir agenda of seeking to consowidate de nation or gain ewectorate by cawwing for a united struggwe against a common enemy (reaw or imaginary).[1]

The continuous use of mass media as an apparatus to spread negative image of ednic groups is seen droughout variations of history. Most media hate speech dat ampwified worwdwide attention are experienced in Rwanda and Yugoswavia. Awso, media's controw of hate speech dat Nazi and fascist parties manipuwate agitate and attract fowwowers into advocating for hatred and viowence.[3] Today, sociaw media pways a rowe in ednic confwicts in Kenya. Ednicity is a big part in determining voting patterns in Kenya; however, many associate ednicity wif grievances dat mobiwize patterns of differences, hatred, and viowence.[4]

Awong wif mass media, propaganda pways as much rowe in distributing messages in terms of ednic hatred. Propaganda is highwy associated wif totawitarian regimes in de twentief century such as 1984 and Animaw Farm by George Orweww dat paved a way of commentating de regimes during de time.[5]However, propaganda is dangerous when utiwized negativewy. In originaw meaning, propaganda promotes bewiefs weading towards action, uh-hah-hah-hah.[5]Awternativewy, Jowett and O’Donneww defines propaganda as ‘dewiberate, systematic attempt to shape perceptions, manipuwate cognitions, and direct behavior to achieve a response dat furders de desired intent of de propagandist’.[5]The definition shows sewf-interested manipuwation – an assumption dat is difficuwt to prove. Negativewy, propaganda presents “organised myf” dat wimits de chance of discovering de truf. The utiwization of propaganda by Stawin, Hitwer and Mussowini popuwarize de fawse impression of propaganda dat hid de truf for an extended time.[5]In addition, dere are compwex infwuences dat emerged during de propaganda campaigns of de Great War (1914-18) and Russian Revowution (1917) such as tewegraphs, newspapers, photography, radio, fiwm, warge corporations seeking new markets, rise of reform-minded journawism, and de infwuence of art movements, psychowogy, sociowogy, and marketing.The variation of propaganda and psychowogicaw warfare are essentiawwy organized processes of persuasion, uh-hah-hah-hah. [5]

However, empiricaw research casts doubt on de rowe of propaganda in inciting hatred, finding dat it is much wess abwe to change minds dan is often assumed. For exampwe, a 2017 review of witerature says: "First, propaganda often faiws. To take de exampwe of Nazi propaganda, it faiwed to generate support for eudanasia of de handicapped (Kershaw, 1983a; Kuwwer, 2015), it wargewy faiwed to turn peopwe into rabid anti-Semites (Kershaw, 1983b; Voigtwänder & Vof, 2015), it faiwed to generate much wiking for de Nazi party (Kershaw, 1983b, 1987), and it soon faiwed to make Germans more optimistic about de outcome of de war (Kawwis, 2008; Kershaw, 1983a; for simiwar exampwes regarding Stawinist propaganda, see Brandenberger, 2012; Davies, 1997; Maoist propaganda, see Wang, 1995; Norf Korean propaganda, see B. R. Myers, 2011). [6]