Snow White's widowed father the King (Sean Bean) marries an evil sorceress named Clementianna (Julia Roberts), the most beautiful woman in the land. One day, the king leaves to fight a great evil that has invaded the land, but never returns. Clementianna rules in his absence and keeps Snow White in the palace.

Ten years later, Snow White (Lily Collins) desires to see her kingdom. Defying Clementianna's orders, she leaves the palace. Arriving at a forest, she meets Prince Andrew Alcott (Armie Hammer) who has been robbed by dwarves. She and the prince fall in love, but go their separate ways. Snow White arrives in the town, and finds the town folk are destitute due to Queen Clementianna's greed.

Meanwhile, Prince Alcott finds his way to the palace. Clementianna realizes he comes from a wealthy kingdom and throws a ball to woo him. Snow White secretly attends the ball, planning to ask the prince to help her restore the kingdom. Queen Clementianna notices them dancing and orders her manservant Brighton (Nathan Lane) to take the princess into the forest and feed her to the Beast (Frank Welker) that lives there. Brighton takes Snow White to the forest, but he releases her. Snow White flees the Beast and collapses at the door to the Seven Dwarves' house. She wakes up to find the dwarves Grimm (Danny Woodburn), Butcher (Martin Klebba), Wolf (Sebastian Saraceno), Napoleon (Jordan Prentice), Half Pint (Mark Povinelli), Grub (Joe Gnoffo), and Chuck (Ronald Lee Clark).

Queen Clementianna levies another tax on the townfolk to pay for the parties she throws for Prince Alcott. Brighton collects the taxes, but, on the way back to the palace, the dwarves rob him. Snow White sneaks away to return the money. The townspeople and the Town Magistrate (Alex Ivanovici) are overjoyed to have their money back and Snow White lets the Dwarves take credit for it, earning them the people's loyalty.

Clementianna informs Alcott that Snow White is dead. When the Prince finds out that the bandits have robbed Brighton, he goes after them, unaware of the awful things the Queen has done. In the forest, Alcott discovers that Snow White is alive and in league with the bandits. Each believing the other to be in the wrong, Snow White and Alcott duel. Alcott returns to the Palace defeated and informs the Queen that Snow White is alive.

Clementianna goes to her Mirror House, within which lives her reflection, the Mirror Queen (Lisa Roberts Gillan). Clementianna has the Mirror Queen temporarily turn Brighton into a cockroach, and requests a love potion so she can make the prince fall in love with her. The potion turns out to be a 'puppy love' potion and the prince becomes devoted to her like a puppy dog. Under this spell, the prince agrees to marry her. She then uses dark magic to create two giant wooden puppets in the forest and uses them to attack Snow White and the Dwarves. Snow White cuts the strings of the puppets and breaks the spell.

Snow White and the Dwarves crash the royal wedding and capture the Prince before Clementianna and Brighton arrive. When Queen Clementianna arrives, the Baron and the other Aristocrats had their clothes stolen, because of her inability to handle bandits and for lying about Snow White's death, they demanded that Clementianna be deposed. Back in the forest, the still-cursed Prince wishes to return to the Queen. Snow White kisses Alcott and the spell is broken.

Snow White encounters Clementianna, who sends the Beast after her. Prince Alcott tries to save Snow White, but the Beast captures her. However, the Beast hesitates in killing her and Snow White sees that it wears a necklace with a moon charm on it similar to the one the Queen wears, (which the princess noticed just before she was taken to be eaten by the Beast). She cuts the chain with her father's dagger and the Beast suddenly becomes engulfed in light. Clementianna begins to age, and the Mirror Queen says this is her punishment for using dark magic. The Beast turns out to be Snow White's father, who has no memory of the last ten years.

Grateful to Alcott for his assistance, the king agrees to let him marry Snow White as Brighton starts a relationship with Margaret. After Snow White accepts the Magistrate's gift, a crone in a hooded robe appears and offers Snow White an apple as a wedding gift. At first, Snow White accepts the gift. As she is about to bite it, she realizes that the crone is Clementianna. Snow White pulls out her knife and cuts a piece from the apple and gives it to Clementianna, who reluctantly accepts it. The Mirror House declares that it was Snow White's story along, and shatters. The Dwarves, meanwhile, all live "happily ever after".

During the credits, the cast, led by Snow White, engage in a Bollywood-style musical number.

Roberts was the first to be cast, because very early on Tarsem Singh wanted an Evil Queen with whom audiences could relate. He stated that in the film, the queen is not evil, but rather insecure. He also suggested that the Queen's true ugliness may be revealed at the very end of the film.[4] Originally Saoirse Ronan was considered for the role of Snow White but the age difference between her and Armie Hammer was too large (he was 25 and she was 17). Felicity Jones was offered the part but turned it down.[5] Collins was eventually cast in the role.[6] Collins said in an interview that her casting happened in 24 hours after she met Tarsem Singh and read for him.[7] Hammer was cast as the prince who is at first drawn towards the Queen and then towards Snow White. He beat out James McAvoy and Alex Pettyfer for the role.[8]

Filming for Mirror Mirror began on June 20, 2011 in Montreal, Quebec, under the working title Untitled Snow White Project.[9] Production on the film wrapped in mid-September.[10] The film was officially titled Mirror Mirror on November 4, 2011. The first trailer was released on November 30, 2011 in partnership with Relativity Media and Trailer Park.[11] The teaser poster was released the same day. Mirror Mirror was the last film which Tarsem's regular costume designer, Eiko Ishioka, worked on before her death. The visual effects were designed by Tom Wood and executed by Wayne Brinton, Tim Carras, Sébastien Moreau and Amanda Dyar.[12]Relativity Media announced the movie's final cost as being $85 million, though an article in the Los Angeles Times said the true budget was closer to $100 million.[13]

On its opening day, Mirror Mirror made $5.8 million, coming in at the No. 3 spot behind The Hunger Games and Wrath of the Titans.[15] For its opening weekend, the film earned $18.1 million while holding onto the No. 3 spot at the box office.[16] During its theatrical run, Mirror Mirror grossed $64.9 million in North America and $118.1 million internationally, bringing its worldwide total to $183 million.[1]

The film received generally mixed reviews. Review aggregatorRotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 49% with an average score of 5.6/10 based on reviews from 172 critics. The site's general consensus is that "Like most of Tarsem Singh's films, Mirror Mirror is undeniably beautiful – but its treatment of the age-old Snow White fable lacks enough depth or originality to set it apart from the countless other adaptations of the tale."[17] On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, it has an average score of 46 from the 34 reviews, which indicates "Mixed or average reviews".[18]

Robbie Collin from British newspaper The Telegraph gave the film four stars describing it as "an exuberantly charming fairy story that owes as much to the gnarled folk tale illustrations of Arthur Rackham as the stagey, saturated lunacy of that half-loved, half-feared East German fantasy The Singing Ringing Tree. It's a Grimm piece of work, but far from a grim one: without rehashing the seminal Disney animated version, it radiates gorgeousness and good humour with a near-nuclear intensity." Collin praised costume designer Eiko Ishioka's work, saying "every outfit in Mirror Mirror is a masterpiece". He concluded the film is "the opposite of Tim Burton's brash, chaotic, dispiritingly popular Alice in Wonderland: here, the artistry of the cast and crew leaps off the screen, not 3D computer graphics."[19]

The song, I Believe in Love, was originally written in 1970 by Nina Hart, then a secretary at New York City music-publishing company, Golden Bough Productions. The song was one of several written by Hart for director Miloš Forman to consider for his film Taking Off, and was recorded for that film by Iranian singer Googoosh. Tarsem Singh—who was unaware that it had previously been used in a film—chose the song for the Bollywood-style musical finale of Mirror, Mirror based on his daughter's positive reaction to the song when he played it for her the previous year.[23]

1.
Mirror, Mirror (film)
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Mirror, Mirror is a 1990 American horror film directed by Marina Sargenti, based on a screenplay by Annette Cascone and Gina Cascone. It stars Karen Black, Rainbow Harvest, Yvonne De Carlo, the film follows a teenaged outcast who finds herself drawn to an antique mirror left in the house she and her mother have moved into. A soundtrack for Mirror, Mirror was released in 1990 through Orphan Records, Megan Gordon is a shy Goth girl who moves into a new neighborhood from Los Angeles with her recently widowed mother Susan. In her new school, Megan does not make friends, and is taunted mercilessly by her peers, apart from Nikki Chandler and handsome jock Ron. Slowly, Megan comes to realize that the mirror can grant her powers, enabling her to have vengeance on her tormentors. As it begins to give Megan the ability to take her revenge on her persecutors, she becomes dependent on the mirror. As the death toll mounts, both Megans enemies and her friends suffer as the force reaches out and grows in strength. Armed only with a dagger and a knowledge of how the demonic mirror can be stopped, Nikki sets out to confront Megan and her mirror. It also screened at the Chicago International Film Festival on October 19,1990, overall reception for the film has been mixed to positive, with Entertainment Weekly giving Mirror, Mirror a B- rating. In his book Generation Multiplex, Timothy Shary called Mirror, Mirror one of the best teen horror films in general, creature Features panned the film, giving it two stars and criticizing it as a compendium of cliches. A soundtrack for Mirror, Mirror was released on CD through Orphan Records in 1990, jimmy Lifton composed and performed the movies orchestral tracts, with the movie also featuring songs by Scott Campbell, Jim Walker, and Gene Evaro. The film was released on DVD on October 28,2000 by Anchor Bay Entertainment, on March 6,2004, it was re-released as part of a four-film set featuring the films three sequels, called the Mirror, Mirror Collection, also by Anchor Bay. The set was packaged in a reflective foil case, both releases are out of print. Mirror, Mirror was followed by three sequels, Mirror, Mirror II, Raven Dance, Mirror, Mirror III, The Voyeur, reception for the sequels was largely negative, with the Orlando Sentinel criticizing Raven Dance as reflect poorly on classic original. William Sanderson was the actor from the first film to return for the second movie. The second film notably featured a film appearance for Mark Ruffalo. Generation Multiplex, The Image of Youth in Contemporary American Cinema, creature Features, The Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Movie Guide. Mirror, Mirror at the Internet Movie Database Mirror, Mirror at AllMovie Mirror, Mirror II at the Internet Movie Database

2.
Tarsem Singh
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Tarsem Singh Dhandwar, known professionally as Tarsem, is an Indian-American director who has worked on films, music videos, and commercials. Tarsem was born in Jalandhar, Punjab to a Punjabi Sikh family and his father was an aircraft engineer. He attended Bishop Cotton School in Shimla, Hans Raj College in Delhi and he has directed dozens of commercials for brands such as Nike and Coca-Cola. Tarsems feature film debut was The Cell, starring Jennifer Lopez. In 2003, Tarsem directed one of the most elaborate Pepsi commercials to date and it combined a gladiator theme with Queens We Will Rock You. The commercial starred Enrique Iglesias in the version of the aired in Europe and North America. Ultimately the gladiatrices turn against the emperor and throw him from his seat, on the other hand, Diabs version shows the gladiatrices being attacked by a lion after the emperor realizes their intentions. Tarsems second film, The Fall, debuted at the 2006 Toronto International Film Festival and was released theatrically in the United States in 2008 and his third film was 2011s Immortals. He directed an adaptation of the Brothers Grimm story of Snow White, the Cell The Fall Immortals Mirror Mirror Self/less Emerald City In the latter half of Kendrick Lamars Track, M. A. A. D. City, the melody sampled is the one of Tarsem Singhs from his work in The Fall, Music played in the film shortly after Roys drowning scene Henry Keazor/Thorsten Wuebbena, Video Thrills the Radio Star – Musikvideos, Geschichte, Themen, Analysen, Bielefeld. Tarsem Singh at the Internet Movie Database Official website Tarsem Singh at the Music Video DataBase 6 part video journal with Tarsem Singh on the set of IMMORTALS at iamrogue. com

3.
Ryan Kavanaugh
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Ryan Colin Kavanaugh is an American businessman, film producer and film financier. He is the founder and CEO of Relativity Media, through Relativity, he has financed more than 200 films representing more than $17 billion in revenue. He is credited as of April 19,2014 as the producer of 61 films and he was named by Variety as 2011s Showman of the Year and was #22 on the Fortune 40 Under 40 list. He was #19 on the Forbes 2013 list of youngest billionaires and he is active in philanthropy and was named a Hollywood Humanitarian by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. He is the 24th highest grossing producer in box office of all time, Kavanaugh was born to a Jewish family in Los Angeles, California, where he was raised in the Brentwood neighborhood and attended Brentwood High School. His mother, Leslie, is a real estate broker, and his father, Jack Konitz, after attending UCLA, Kavanaugh founded a small venture capital firm, which struggled in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks and was eventually wound up. Kavanaugh founded Relativity Media after briefly serving as a consultant to other small businesses, at Relativity, he created what is now known as the model, a monte carlo model designed to predict the odds of a given film being successful. No film at Relativity is given a green light unless the model predicts a probability of profitability. During Relativity’s first year of operation, Kavanaugh executed what was considered to be an innovative finance deal for Marvel Studios which led them to create the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Kavanaugh went on to business deals for such companies as, Sony, Universal, Warner Brothers. Kavanaugh forged a marketing, promotional, and production partnership with Sir Richard Bransons Virgin Mobile and Virgin Produced, Kavanaugh also brokered an innovative cross-platform marketing partnership with Clear Channel Radio, the media company with the most reach in the United States. This marks the first strategic alliance between a Hollywood film production entity and a Chinese government-sponsored company, Relativity has produced, distributed, and/or structured financing for more than 200 motion pictures, generating more than $17 billion in worldwide box office revenue and earning 60 Oscar nominations. In 2012, Kavanaugh brokered a deal in which billionaire Ron Burkle will partner with Relativity, as Chairman and the largest shareholder, Kavanaugh will retain control of Relativity and control the majority of the board of directors of Relativity. In 2013, Relativity Media expanded into television, Sports Management and Digital Content, on July 30,2015, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. However, the plans to go through with the release of Kidnap. Shortly thereafter, Ryan Kavanaugh with partner Joe Nicholas purchased back the company, Relativity. Kavanaugh led a group acquiring FreeHand, a dog food manufacturer best known for its work rescuing homeless dogs. It has been renamed Dog For Doog, and Kavanaugh remains majority shareholder along with Michael Buble, Chelsea Handler, Kavanaugh remains chairman of the board and the largest shareholder

4.
Brett Ratner
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Brett Ratner is an American film producer, entertainment businessman, and director of motion pictures, music videos, and television. He is known for directing the Rush Hour film series, The Family Man, Red Dragon, X-Men, The Last Stand, and Tower Heist. He was also a producer on the Fox drama series, Prison Break and he is the co-founder of RatPac-Dune Entertainment, a prolific film production and financing company. Ratner was born and raised in Miami Beach, Florida, the son of Marsha Pratts, a socialite and he grew up in a middle-class Jewish family. His father was the son of a wealthy Miami businessman and his mother was born in Cuba, and immigrated to the U. S. in the 1960s with her parents, Fanita and Mario Presman. Ratners mother was sixteen when he was born, Ratner attended Rabbi Alexander S. Gross Hebrew Academy elementary school and attended Alexander Muss High School in Israel and graduated in 1986 from Miami Beach Senior High School. He is a 1990 graduate of New York University, in 2010, he cited the 1980 boxing film Raging Bull as his inspiration to enter the world of film. Ratner was under consideration to direct X-Men and Superman Returns, although both were directed by Bryan Singer. After Singer left the X-Men franchise to direct Superman Returns, Ratner became director of X-Men, Ratner directed a Super Bowl ad for Wynn Las Vegas featuring Steve Wynn. In May 2008, it was announced that Ratner would be directing the long in-development Beverly Hills Cop IV, Ratner directed and served as an executive producer on the 2011 CBS comedy-drama television series CHAOS. In the same year, Ratner also directed the ensemble comedy caper Tower Heist, in May 2011, it was announced that Ratner signed on to direct The 39 Clues, the live-action adaptation of the young-adult book series. Ashton Kutcher later arrived at his home and hugged him after Jackman was punkd. He also appeared as himself in Entourage, in an episode that was shot at his actual Beverly Hills home, according to an interview he did in Aventura Business Monthly and his publishing company, Rat Press, is re-releasing out of print books about Hollywood. The first three books, released on March 25,2009, are about Marlon Brando, Robert Evans, brett Ratner also created his own magazine titled Ratmag through celebrity magazine publisher MYMAG. Ratner produced a remake of Snow White, Mirror Mirror, based on the screenplay The Brothers Grimm, Ratner has produced feature films, TV series, and documentaries. He executive produced the 2010 documentary film, Catfish and the 2011 TV documentary, American Masters, Ratner also produced Skyline and Horrible Bosses. In December 2012, Ratner and Australian media mogul James Packer formed a joint venture, the firm will produce independent films and co-produce big-budget films with a major studio. RatPac and Dune Entertainment formed an investment vehicle, which in September 2013, entered a multi-year

5.
Snow White
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Snow White is a nineteenth-century German fairy tale which is today known widely across the Western world. The Brothers Grimm published it in 1812 in the first edition of their collection Grimms Fairy Tales and it was titled in German, Sneewittchen and numbered as Tale 53. The name Sneewittchen was Low German and in the first version it was translated with Schneeweißchen, the Grimms completed their final revision of the story in 1854. The fairy tale features such elements as the mirror, the poisoned apple, the glass coffin, and the characters of the evil queen. The seven dwarfs were first given names in the 1912 Broadway play Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and then given different names in Walt Disneys 1937 film Snow White. The Grimm story, which is referred to as Snow White, should not be confused with the story of Snow White and Rose Red. In the Aarne–Thompson folklore classification, tales of this kind are grouped together as type 709, others of this kind include Bella Venezia, Myrsina, Nourie Hadig, Gold-Tree and Silver-Tree, The Young Slave and La petite Toute-Belle. Then, she says to herself, How I wish that I had a daughter that had skin as white as snow, lips as red as blood, some time later, the queen gives birth to a baby daughter whom she names Snow White, but dies shortly thereafter. A year later, Snow Whites father, the king, takes a new wife, who is very beautiful, the new queen possesses a magic mirror, which she asks every morning, Magic mirror in my hand, who is the fairest in the land. The mirror always replies, My queen, you are the fairest in the land, the queen is always pleased with that, because the magic mirror never lies. But as Snow White grows up, she becomes more beautiful day and even more beautiful than the queen. But Snow White is a thousand times more beautiful than you and this gives the queen a great shock. She becomes envious, and from that moment on, her heart turns against Snow White, eventually, the angry queen orders a huntsman to take Snow White into the deepest woods to be killed. As proof that Snow White is dead, the demands that he returns with her lungs. The huntsman takes Snow White into the forest, after raising his knife, he finds himself unable to kill her and he spares her life. Snow White is told that her stepmother wants her dead and to get far away from the kingdom as possible and he instead brings the queen the heart of a wild animal. After wandering through the forest, Snow White discovers a tiny cottage belonging to a group of seven dwarfs, since no one is at home, she eats some of the tiny meals, drinks some of their wine, and then tests all the beds. Finally, the last bed is comfortable enough for her and she falls asleep, when the dwarfs return home, they immediately become aware that someone snuck in secretly, because everything in their home is in disorder

6.
The Brothers Grimm
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Their first collection of folk tales, Childrens and Household Tales, was published in 1812. The brothers spent their formative years in the German town of Hanau and their fathers death in 1796 caused great poverty for the family and affected the brothers for many years after. They both attended the University of Marburg where they developed a curiosity about German folklore, which grew into a dedication to collecting German folk tales. The rise of romanticism during the 19th century revived interest in folk stories. With the goal of researching a scholarly treatise on folk tales, between 1812 and 1857, their first collection was revised and republished many times, growing from 86 stories to more than 200. The popularity of the Grimms best folk tales has endured well, Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm was born on 4 January 1785 and his brother Wilhelm Carl Grimm on 24 February 1786. They were the second- and third-eldest surviving siblings in a family of nine children, in 1791, the family moved to the countryside town of Steinau, when Philipp was employed there as district magistrate. The family became prominent members of the community, residing in a home surrounded by fields. Biographer Jack Zipes writes that the brothers were happy in Steinau, the children were educated at home by private tutors, receiving strict instruction as Lutherans that instilled in both a lifelong religious faith. In 1796, Philipp Grimm died of pneumonia, plunging his family into poverty, Dorothea depended on financial support from her father and sister, first lady-in-waiting at the court of William I, Elector of Hesse. Jacob was the eldest living son, and he was forced at age 11 to assume adult responsibilities for the two years. The two boys adhered to the advice of their grandfather, who continually exhorted them to be industrious, the brothers left Steinau and their family in 1798 to attend the Friedrichsgymnasium in Kassel, which had been arranged and paid for by their aunt. By then, they were without a provider, forcing them to rely entirely on each other. The two brothers differed in temperament, Jacob was introspective and Wilhelm was outgoing, sharing a strong work ethic, they excelled in their studies. In Kassel, they became aware of their inferior social status relative to high-born students who received more attention. Still, each brother graduated at the head of his class, Jacob in 1803, after graduation from the Friedrichsgymnasium, the brothers attended the University of Marburg. The university was small with about 200 students and there they became aware that students of lower social status were not treated equally. They were disqualified from admission because of their standing and had to request dispensation to study law

7.
Lily Collins
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Lily Jane Collins is a British-American actress and model. The daughter of English musician Phil Collins and an American mother, Jill Tavelman, she was born in Surrey and her first screen role was at the age of two in the BBC series Growing Pains. She went on to study broadcast journalism at the University of Southern California and as a teenager, wrote for Seventeen magazine, Teen Vogue, and The Los Angeles Times. She was named International Model of the Year by Spains Glamour magazine after being selected by Chanel to wear one of their gowns at the Hotel de Crillon in 2007, in 2008, she was named Newest Red Carpet Correspondent and One to Watch in 2008. Collins appeared as a guest star on the teen television series 90210 in 2009. Collins is also known for her roles in independent films, such as the romantic comedy-drama Stuck in Love, the romantic comedy The English Teacher, and the romantic comedy-drama Love, Rosie. She won the New Hollywood Film Award and received a Golden Globe Award nomination for her role as Marla Mabrey in Rules Dont Apply, Collins was born in Guildford, Surrey. She is the daughter of English musician Phil Collins and his wife, Jill Tavelman. Her maternal grandfather was a Canadian Jewish immigrant who owned a clothing store in Beverly Hills. After her parents divorce when she was seven in 1996, Collins moved to Los Angeles with her mother and she graduated from Harvard-Westlake School and attended the University of Southern California, majoring in broadcast journalism. She was presented as a debutante at the Bal des débutantes in Paris in 2007, Collins is the half-sister of musician Simon Collins from her fathers first marriage, and Nicholas and Matthew Collins from her fathers third marriage. Collins began acting at the age of two in the BBC series Growing Pains, as a teenager, Collins wrote a column, NY Confidential, for the British magazine Elle Girl. She has also written for Seventeen, Teen Vogue, and the Los Angeles Times. She was selected by Chanel to wear one of their gowns at the 2007 Bal des débutantes at the Hôtel de Crillon in Paris and she was picked by Spains Glamour magazine in 2008 as its International Model of the Year, and appeared on the magazines cover in August 2009. Collins covered the 2008 US presidential election as a host on the Nickelodeon series Kids Pick the President and she won a 2008 Young Hollywood Award for Newest Red Carpet Correspondent. In 2009, Collins appeared in two episodes of the teen drama series 90210, including the first seasons finale, Collins was one of 20 women named by Maxim magazine as one of the Hottest Daughters of Rock Stars in 2009. In 2009, Collins co-starred in the film The Blind Side as Collins Tuohy, in 2011, she played the warrior priests daughter Lucy in the thriller Priest, opposite Paul Bettany. MTV Networks NextMovie. com named her one of the Breakout Stars to Watch for in 2011 and she co-starred in the 2011 action film Abduction with Taylor Lautner

8.
Julia Roberts
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Julia Fiona Roberts is an American actress and producer. She became a Hollywood star after headlining the romantic comedy Pretty Woman and she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie nomination for her performance in the HBO television film The Normal Heart. Roberts was the actress in the world throughout most of the 1990s. Her fee for 1990s Pretty Woman was US$300,000, in 2003, as of 2007 Robertss net worth was estimated to be US$140 million. She has been named one of People magazines 50 Most Beautiful People in the World eleven times, Roberts was born on October 28,1967, in Smyrna, Georgia, to Betty Lou Bredemus and Walter Grady Roberts. She is of English, Scottish, Irish, Welsh, German and her father was a Baptist, her mother a Roman Catholic, and she was raised Catholic. Her older brother, Eric Roberts, from whom she was estranged until 2004, sister Lisa Roberts Gillan, Robertss parents, one-time actors and playwrights, met while performing theatrical productions for the armed forces. They later co-founded the Atlanta Actors and Writers Workshop in Atlanta and they ran a childrens acting school in Decatur, Georgia, while they were expecting Julia. The children of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King attended the school, as a thank-you for his service, Mrs. King paid Mrs. Robertss hospital bill when Julia was born. Robertss mother filed for divorce in 1971, the divorce was finalized in early 1972, from 1972, Roberts lived in Smyrna, Georgia, where she attended Fitzhugh Lee Elementary School, Griffin Middle School, and Campbell High School. In 1972, her mother married Michael Motes, who was abusive and often unemployed, the couple had a daughter, Nancy Motes, who died at 37 on February 9,2014, of an apparent drug overdose. The marriage ended in 1983, with Betty Lou divorcing Motes on cruelty grounds, Robertss own father died of cancer when she was ten. Roberts wanted to be a veterinarian as a child and she also played the clarinet in her school band. After graduating from Smyrnas Campbell High School, she attended Georgia State University and she later headed to New York City to pursue a career in acting. Once there, she signed with the Click Modeling Agency and enrolled in acting classes, Roberts made her first big screen appearance in the film Satisfaction, alongside Liam Neeson and Justine Bateman, as a band member looking for a summer gig. She had previously performed a role opposite her brother, Eric, in Blood Red, filmed in 1987. Her first television appearance was as a rape victim in the initial season of the series Crime Story with Dennis Farina, in the episode titled The Survivor. Her first critical success with moviegoers was her performance in the independent film Mystic Pizza in 1988, that same year, she had a role in the fourth-season finale of Miami Vice

9.
Armie Hammer
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Armand Douglas Armie Hammer is an American actor. He played the role of Illya Kuryakin in The Man from U. N. C. L. E. for his portrayal of Clyde Tolson in J. Edgar, he was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award. Hammer was born in Los Angeles, California and his mother, Dru Ann, is a former bank loan officer, and his father, Michael Armand Hammer, owns several businesses, including Knoedler Publishing and Armand Hammer Productions. He has a brother, Viktor. Hammers paternal great-grandfather was oil tycoon and philanthropist Armand Hammer, Armands own parents were Russian Jewish immigrants, and Armands father, Julius Hammer, who was from Odessa, founded the Communist Party in New York. Armies paternal great-grandmother was Russian-born actress and singer Olga Vadimovna Vadina and his paternal grandmother was from Texas, while his mothers family is from Tulsa, Oklahoma. Armie has described his background as half Jewish, in 2013, genealogical research by staff members of Ancestry. com stated that one of Hammers eight times great-grandfathers was the Cherokee chief Kanagatucko. Hammer lived in the Dallas enclave of Highland Park for several years, when he was seven, his family moved to the Cayman Islands, where they lived for five years, and then settled back in Los Angeles. He attended Faulkners Academy in Governors Harbour, Grace Christian Academy in the Cayman Islands and he dropped out of high school in eleventh grade to pursue an acting career. He played Harrison Bergeron in 2081, based on the short story Harrison Bergeron by author Kurt Vonnegut, in 2007, Hammer was hand-picked by filmmaker George Miller, after a long search, to star in Justice League, Mortal as Batman/Bruce Wayne. The film was to be directed by Miller, but he left the project, in 2010, Hammer co-starred in David Finchers The Social Network, about the creation of Facebook. He portrayed the identical twins Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss, with Josh Pence, Hammer stated that he had to learn how to row on both sides of a boat in order to play the twins, who are rowing champions. His next role was in Clint Eastwoods J. Edgar, a drama about J. Edgar Hoover and he co-starred with Julia Roberts and Lily Collins in Mirror Mirror, playing Prince Andrew Alcott. In January 2012, he voiced the Winklevoss twins in an episode of The Simpsons titled The Doh-cial Network, Hammer played the Lone Ranger, alongside Johnny Depp as Tonto, in the 2013 adaptation of the radio and film serials. In 2015, he starred in director Guy Ritchies film adaptation of the 1960s TV show The Man from U. N. C. L. E, playing Illya Kuryakin, opposite Henry Cavill. Hammer also played the character of Sam Turner in the 2016 film The Birth of a Nation, in this controversial film he co stars with Nate Parker and Preston L. In the same year, Hammer played in the film Mine as the protagonist Mike Stevens, Hammer played Oliver in Call Me By Your Name, starring opposite Timothée Chalamet and Michael Stuhlbarg. The film, an adaptation of an André Aciman novel of the name, was directed by Luca Guadagnino, began filming in May 2016

10.
Nathan Lane
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Nathan Lane is an American stage, film and television actor and writer. O. J. Simpson as F. Lee Bailey, in 2006, Lane received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and in 2008, he was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame. Lane was born Joseph Lane in Jersey City, New Jersey on February 3,1956 and his father, Daniel, was a truck driver and an aspiring tenor who died in 1967 from alcoholism when Lane was eleven. His mother, Nora, was a housewife and secretary who suffered from manic depression and he has two older brothers, Daniel Jr. and Robert. Lanes parents were Catholics of Irish descent and he was named after his uncle, a Jesuit priest. Accepted to Saint Josephs University in Philadelphia on a drama scholarship, discovering that the scholarship would not cover enough of his expenses, he decided to leave, and work for a year to earn some money. I remember him saying to me, College is for people who dont know what they want to do, because there already was a Joseph Lane registered with Actors Equity, he changed his name to Nathan after the character Nathan Detroit from the musical Guys and Dolls. He made his Broadway debut in a 1982 revival of Noël Cowards Present Laughter as Roland Maule with George C, Scott, Kate Burton, Dana Ivey, and Christine Lahti. His second Broadway appearance was in the 1983 musical Merlin, starring Chita Rivera and this was followed by Wind in the Willows as Mr. Toad, Some Americans Abroad at Lincoln Center, and the national tour of Neil Simons Broadway Bound. He also appeared at the Williamstown Theatre Festival in The School for Scandal, in 1991, Lane appeared with George C. Scott again in a revival of Paul Osbornes On Borrowed Time at the Circle in the Square Theatre on Broadway. In 1992, he starred in the hit revival of Guys and Dolls, playing the character who lent him his name, opposite Peter Gallagher, for this performance, he received his first Tony nomination, as well as Drama Desk and Outer Critics Circle Awards. In 1992, he won an Obie Award for Sustained Excellence of Performance and his professional association with his close friend the playwright Terrence McNally, whom he met in 1987, includes roles in The Lisbon Traviata, Bad Habits, Lips Together, Teeth Apart, Love. Dedication or the Stuff of Dreams, which opened in 2005, The Last Mile on PBS Great Performances, the early 1990s began a stretch of successful Broadway shows for Lane. In 1993, he portrayed Sid Caesar-like Max Prince in Neil Simons Laughter on the 23rd Floor, inspired by Simons early career writing sketches for Your Show of Shows. In 1996, he starred in the hit revival of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, for which he won the Tony, Drama Desk, in 1998, he appeared Off-Broadway in Jon Robin Baitzs revised 1984 comedy, Mizlansky/Zilinsky or Schmucks. His association with Sondheim began with the workshop of Assassins, in 1999, he appeared with Victor Garber in the workshop of Wise Guys. His collaboration with Sondheim continued when Lane revised the book for. The Sondheim song, Little Dream, in the film The Birdcage, in 1994, Lane voiced Timon, the meerkat, in Disneys blockbuster animated film The Lion King and reprised the role in its sequels

11.
Mare Winningham
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Mary Megan Mare Winningham is an American actress and singer-songwriter. An eight-time Emmy Award nominee, she won Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for Amber Waves in 1980 and she was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1995 film Georgia. She made her New York stage debut in the 2007 Off-Broadway musical 10 Million Miles, and her Broadway debut in the 2013 revival of Picnic. In 2014, she was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for the original Broadway production of Casa Valentina, Winningham was born in Phoenix, Arizona, and raised in Northridge, California. She is the daughter of Marilyn Jean and Sam Neal Winningham and she has three brothers and one sister. Her father was the chairman of the Department of Physical Education at California State University, Northridge and her mother was an English teacher and college counselor at Monroe High School. She credits her first interest in acting to seeing an interview with Kym Karath on Art Linkletters television show House Party when she was five or six years old, elementary School, where her favorite activities included drama and playing the guitar and drums. She took the extended drama option at Patrick Henry Junior High School and it was at this time that she adopted the nickname Mare. Her mother arranged for her to go to Chatsworth High School, in grade 12, Winningham starred in a production of The Sound of Music, playing the part of Maria, opposite classmate Kevin Spacey as Captain Von Trapp. She graduated co-valedictorian of her school class in 1977. Winningham began her career as a singer-songwriter, in 1976 and 1977, she got her break singing The Beatles song Here, There and Everywhere on The Gong Show. That year she was offered a role on Young Pioneers and Young Pioneers Christmas, though the series ended with just three episodes being broadcast, a number of television projects followed, including parts on Police Woman in 1978 and Starsky and Hutch in 1979. Later that same year, she played the role of teenage outcast Jenny Flowers in the made-for-TV film The Death of Ocean View Park, in 1980, Winningham starred in Off the Minnesota Strip playing a young prostitute. In that year, she broke into feature films with One Trick Pony. In 1984, she starred as Helen Keller in Helen Keller, Winningham achieved greater fame co-starring in St. Elmos Fire, alongside the other original brat pack alumni. Another well-known and well-received performance was as a young mother in the television movie God Bless the Child. In 1988, Winningham also starred in the Los Angeles stage production of Hurlyburly with Sean Penn, in the early 1990s, she returned to film for 1994s all-star Wyatt Earp and the family drama The War, both starring Kevin Costner. 1995 brought Georgia, a character study of two sisters, which earned Winningham Screen Actors Guild and Academy Award nominations

12.
Sean Bean
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Shaun Mark Bean, known professionally as Sean Bean, is an English actor. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, he made his debut in a theatre production of Romeo. Retaining his distinctive Yorkshire accent, he first found success for his portrayal of Richard Sharpe in the ITV series Sharpe. His most prominent film role was Boromir in The Lord of the Rings trilogy, as a voice actor, Bean has been featured in the video games The Elder Scrolls IV, Oblivion, Sid Meiers Civilization VI, and the drama The Canterbury Tales, among several others. He has received awards during his career and won an International Emmy for Best Actor. He has also nominated for a BAFTA and Saturn Award. Bean was born in Handsworth, a suburb of Sheffield, which was part of West Riding of Yorkshire. He is the son of Rita and Brian Bean and he has a younger sister named Lorraine. His father owned a shop that employed 50 people, including Beans mother. Despite becoming relatively wealthy, the family never moved away from the estate as they preferred to remain close to friends. As a child, Bean smashed a door during an argument. This prevented him pursuing his dream of playing football professionally. In 1975, Bean left Brook Comprehensive School with O Levels in Art, after a job at a supermarket and another for the local council, he started working for his fathers firm with a day release at Rotherham College of Arts and Technology to take a welding course. While there, he stumbled into an art class and decided to pursue his interest in art. After attending courses at two colleges, one for half a day and the other for less than a week, he returned to Rotherham College. After some college plays and one at Rotherham Civic Theatre, he won a scholarship to the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, Bean graduated from RADA in 1983, making his professional acting debut later that year as Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet at the Watermill Theatre in Newbury. His early career involved a mixture of stage and screen work, as an actor, he adopted the Irish spelling of his first name. His first national exposure came in an advert for non-alcoholic lager, between 1986 and 1988, he was a member of the Royal Shakespeare Company, appearing in productions of Romeo and Juliet, The Fair Maid of the West, and A Midsummer Nights Dream

13.
Alan Menken
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Alan Irwin Menken is an American musical theatre and film score composer and pianist. Menken is best known for his scores for films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and his scores for The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, and Pocahontas have each won him two Academy Awards. He also composed the scores for Little Shop of Horrors, Newsies, The Hunchback of Notre Dame, Hercules, Enchanted, Tangled and Sausage Party and he is also known for his work on musical theatre works for Broadway and elsewhere. Some of these are based on his Disney films, but other stage hits include Little Shop of Horrors, A Christmas Carol, Menken has collaborated with such lyricists as Howard Ashman, Tim Rice, Glenn Slater, Stephen Schwartz and David Zippel. With eight Academy Award wins, Menken is the second most prolific Oscar winner in the music categories after Alfred Newman and he has also won eleven Grammy Awards, a Tony Award and other honors. Alan Irwin Menken was born on July 22,1949, at French Hospital in New York City, to Judith and his father was a boogie-woogie piano-playing dentist, and his mother was an actress, dancer and playwright. Menken developed an interest in music at an age, taking piano. He began to compose at an early age, at age 9, at the New York Federation of Music Clubs Junior Composers Contest, his original composition Bouree was rated Superior and Excellent by the judges. He attended New Rochelle High School in New Rochelle, New York, Menken remembers, Id make up my own Bach fugues and Beethoven sonatas because I was bored with the piano and I didnt want to practice, so Id go off on tangents. He then enrolled at New York University and he graduated with a degree in Musicology in 1971 from the universitys Steinhardt School. Menken recalled, First, I was pre-med, I thought Id be a dentist like my Dad. Finally, I got a degree in music, but I didnt care about musicology and it wasnt until I joined BMI Workshop. Under Lehman Engel, and walked into a room with other composers that I knew this was it, Menken noted that Before college, I was writing songs to further my dream of being the next Bob Dylan. A lot of guitar songs – I was composing on piano before that, after college, he attended the BMI Lehman Engel Musical Theater Workshop. After graduating, Menkens plan was to either a rock star or a recording artist. His interest in writing musicals increased when he joined the Broadcast Music, Musical Theatre Workshop and was mentored by Lehman Engel. From 1974 to 1978, he showcased various BMI workshop works, such as Midnight, Apartment House, Conversations with Pierre, Harry the Rat and he performed his material at clubs like The Ballroom, Reno Sweeny and Tramps. In 1976, John Wilson reported for The New York Times that members of Engels BMI Workshop began performing as part of the Broadway at the Ballroom series, featured Maury Yeston and Alan Menken, both playing their piano accompaniment and singing songs they have written for potential musicals

14.
Relativity Media
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Relativity Media LLC is an American media company headquartered in Beverly Hills, California, founded in 2004 by Lynwood Spinks and Ryan Kavanaugh. The studio was the third largest mini-major globally until bankruptcy on July 30,2015 and its full-scale film studio acquires, develops, produces and distributes films. The companys partners and financial institutions have invested $20 billion as of 2012 in entertainment investments with partners such as Citibank, Merrill Lynch, Deutsche Bank, Relativity Media also works in fashion, sports, digital and music. On July 30,2015, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York after lawsuits, in March 2016, the company emerged from the bankruptcy. The studio was founded by Ryan Kavanaugh and Lynwood Spinks in 2004 as a middleman company arranging multi-film slate deals with studios then arranging financial support through banks, Relativity Media would receive film equity, producers credit and a fee. Initially, Stark Investments, a Wisconsin-based hedge fund, funded the companys single-picture business, by 2007, these investors stopped making movie-finance deals. Elliott Management, a $16 billion New York–based hedge fund run by Paul Singer, then took a minority share of the company access to around $1 billion in capital. On January 4,2009, the acquired the genre label Rogue from Universal. Relativity oversaw Rogues 2009 film offerings, which consisted of Last House On The Left, The Unborn, Come Out Fighting, the deal also included the Rogue film library, featuring such films as Assault On Precinct 13 and The Strangers. One of the first arrangements was that the movie 21 and Over was partially filmed in Dongshigu, on May 18,2012, it was reported that Relativity was in talks to buy German producer-distributor Senator Entertainment. On July 6,2010, Relativity and Netflix announced a five-year-plus Pay-TV deal, the first two films to stream on Netflix were The Fighter and Skyline. On July 23,2010, Relativity acquired the 45-person marketing and distribution staff of Starz Overture Films, the studio distributed its first film on December 3,2010. The Warriors Way was directed by Sngmoo Lee and starring Jang Dong-gun, Geoffrey Rush, on May 20,2012, it was reported that Relativity and EuropaCorp signed a co-production and co-financing deal on two movies and Relativity will distribute in U. S. Relativity also has deals with Atlas Entertainment and Virgin Produced. In September 2011, Robbie Brenner was promoted from Executive Vice President, Production to President, on November 27,2011 it was reported Ron Burkle loaned $200 million to Relativity for Immortals and Mirror Mirror. On January 23,2012, Burkle purchased an equity stake in Relativity Media from Elliot Capital Management for at least $800 million. On May 31,2012 Relativity and Ron Burkle announced they raised $350 million in funding for films, Ron Burkle will also join the board of Relativity, along with Jason Colodne and Jason Beckman who are partners at Colbeck Capital. In July 2012, Relativity merged its Rogue Sports, an agency with Maximum Sports Management, a football agency

15.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci

16.
Adventure
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An adventure is an exciting or unusual experience. It may also be a bold, usually risky undertaking, with an uncertain outcome, adventures may be activities with some potential for physical danger such as traveling, exploring, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving, river rafting or participating in extreme sports. The term also refers to any enterprise that is potentially fraught with physical, financial or psychological risk, such as a business venture. Adventurous experiences create psychological arousal, which can be interpreted as negative or positive, for some people, adventure becomes a major pursuit in and of itself. According to adventurer André Malraux, in his La Condition Humaine, If a man is not ready to risk his life, similarly, Helen Keller stated that Life is either a daring adventure or nothing. Outdoor adventurous activities are undertaken for the purposes of recreation or excitement, examples are adventure racing. Adventure education intentionally uses challenging experiences for learning, some of the oldest and most widespread stories in the world are stories of adventure such as Homers The Odyssey. The knight errant was the form the adventure seeker character took in the late Middle Ages, the adventure novel exhibits these protagonist on adventurous journey characteristics as do many popular feature films, such as Star Wars and Raiders of the Lost Ark. Adventure books may have the theme of the hero or main character going to face the wilderness or Mother Nature, examples include books such as Hatchet or My Side of the Mountain. Many adventures are based on the idea of a quest, the hero goes off in pursuit of a reward, whether it be a skill, prize, on the way, the hero must overcome various obstacles. Mythologist Joseph Campbell discussed his notion of the monomyth in his book, many video games are adventure games. From ancient times, travelers and explorers have written about their adventures, journals which became best-sellers in their day were written, such as Marco Polos journal The Travels of Marco Polo or Mark Twains Roughing It. Others were personal journals, only published, such as the journals of Lewis. Documentaries often use the theme of adventure as well, there are many sports classified as adventure sports, due to their inherent danger and excitement. Some of these include mountain climbing, skydiving, or other extreme sports, list of genres Exploration Tourism Travel Sports Adventure travel What is an adventure. A definition of adventure, hero and epic with an illustration of the heros journey

17.
Fantasy film
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Fantasy films are films that belong to the fantasy genre with fantastic themes, usually involving magic, supernatural events, mythology, folklore, or exotic fantasy worlds. The genre is considered a form of speculative fiction alongside science fiction films and horror films, Fantasy films often have an element of magic, myth, wonder, escapism, and the extraordinary. Several sub-categories of fantasy films can be identified, although the delineations between these subgenres, much as in literature, are somewhat fluid. The most common fantasy subgenres depicted in movies are High Fantasy and Sword, both categories typically employ quasi-medieval settings, wizards, magical creatures and other elements commonly associated with fantasy stories. High Fantasy films tend to feature a more richly developed fantasy world, often, they feature a hero of humble origins and a clear distinction between good and evil set against each other in an epic struggle. Many scholars cite J. R. R, to some, the term Sword and Sandal has pejorative connotations, designating a film with a low-quality script, bad acting and poor production values. Another important subgenre of films that has become more popular in recent years is contemporary fantasy. Such films feature magical effects or supernatural occurrences happening in the world of today. Fantasy films set in the afterlife, called Bangsian Fantasy, are less common, other uncommon subgenres include Historical Fantasy and Romantic Fantasy, although 2003s Pirates of the Caribbean, The Curse of the Black Pearl successfully incorporated elements of both. As noted above, superhero movies and fairy tale films might each be considered subgenres of fantasy films, as a cinematic genre, fantasy has traditionally not been regarded as highly as the related genre of science fiction film. Since the late 1990s, however, the genre has gained new respectability in a way, tolkiens The Lord of the Rings and J. K. Jacksons The Lord of the Rings trilogy is due to its ambitious scope, serious tone. These pictures achieved phenomenal commercial and critical success, and the installment of the trilogy became the first fantasy film ever to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Harry Potter series has been a financial success, has achieved critical acclaim. Following the success of ventures, Hollywood studios have greenlighted additional big-budget productions in the genre. These have included adaptations of the first, second, and third books in C. S and this is in contrast to science fiction films, which are often released during the northern hemisphere summer. The huge commercial success of these pictures may indicate a change in Hollywoods approach to fantasy film releases. Fantasy films have a history almost as old as the medium itself, however, fantasy films were relatively few and far between until the 1980s, when high-tech filmmaking techniques and increased audience interest caused the genre to flourish

18.
Brothers Grimm
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Their first collection of folk tales, Childrens and Household Tales, was published in 1812. The brothers spent their formative years in the German town of Hanau and their fathers death in 1796 caused great poverty for the family and affected the brothers for many years after. They both attended the University of Marburg where they developed a curiosity about German folklore, which grew into a dedication to collecting German folk tales. The rise of romanticism during the 19th century revived interest in folk stories. With the goal of researching a scholarly treatise on folk tales, between 1812 and 1857, their first collection was revised and republished many times, growing from 86 stories to more than 200. The popularity of the Grimms best folk tales has endured well, Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm was born on 4 January 1785 and his brother Wilhelm Carl Grimm on 24 February 1786. They were the second- and third-eldest surviving siblings in a family of nine children, in 1791, the family moved to the countryside town of Steinau, when Philipp was employed there as district magistrate. The family became prominent members of the community, residing in a home surrounded by fields. Biographer Jack Zipes writes that the brothers were happy in Steinau, the children were educated at home by private tutors, receiving strict instruction as Lutherans that instilled in both a lifelong religious faith. In 1796, Philipp Grimm died of pneumonia, plunging his family into poverty, Dorothea depended on financial support from her father and sister, first lady-in-waiting at the court of William I, Elector of Hesse. Jacob was the eldest living son, and he was forced at age 11 to assume adult responsibilities for the two years. The two boys adhered to the advice of their grandfather, who continually exhorted them to be industrious, the brothers left Steinau and their family in 1798 to attend the Friedrichsgymnasium in Kassel, which had been arranged and paid for by their aunt. By then, they were without a provider, forcing them to rely entirely on each other. The two brothers differed in temperament, Jacob was introspective and Wilhelm was outgoing, sharing a strong work ethic, they excelled in their studies. In Kassel, they became aware of their inferior social status relative to high-born students who received more attention. Still, each brother graduated at the head of his class, Jacob in 1803, after graduation from the Friedrichsgymnasium, the brothers attended the University of Marburg. The university was small with about 200 students and there they became aware that students of lower social status were not treated equally. They were disqualified from admission because of their standing and had to request dispensation to study law

19.
Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze

20.
DVD
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DVD is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. The medium can store any kind of data and is widely used for software. DVDs offer higher capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions. Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp data onto the DVD, such discs are a form of DVD-ROM because data can only be read and not written or erased. Blank recordable DVD discs can be recorded using a DVD recorder. Rewritable DVDs can be recorded and erased many times, DVDs containing other types of information may be referred to as DVD data discs. The OED also states that in 1995, The companies said the name of the format will simply be DVD. Toshiba had been using the name ‘digital video disk’, but that was switched to ‘digital versatile disk’ after computer companies complained that it left out their applications, Digital versatile disc is the explanation provided in a DVD Forum Primer from 2000 and in the DVD Forums mission statement. There were several formats developed for recording video on optical discs before the DVD, Optical recording technology was invented by David Paul Gregg and James Russell in 1958 and first patented in 1961. A consumer optical disc data format known as LaserDisc was developed in the United States and it used much larger discs than the later formats. CD Video used analog video encoding on optical discs matching the established standard 120 mm size of audio CDs, Video CD became one of the first formats for distributing digitally encoded films in this format, in 1993. In the same year, two new optical disc formats were being developed. By the time of the launches for both formats in January 1995, the MMCD nomenclature had been dropped, and Philips and Sony were referring to their format as Digital Video Disc. Representatives from the SD camp asked IBM for advice on the system to use for their disc. Alan E. Bell, a researcher from IBMs Almaden Research Center, got that request and this group was referred to as the Technical Working Group, or TWG. On August 14,1995, an ad hoc group formed from five computer companies issued a release stating that they would only accept a single format. The TWG voted to both formats unless the two camps agreed on a single, converged standard. They recruited Lou Gerstner, president of IBM, to pressure the executives of the warring factions, as a result, the DVD specification provided a storage capacity of 4.7 GB for a single-layered, single-sided disc and 8.5 GB for a dual-layered, single-sided disc

21.
Blu-ray
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Blu-ray or Blu-ray Disc is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was designed to supersede the DVD format, in that it is capable of storing high-definition, the plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs. Conventional Blu-ray Disc discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual layer discs being the standard for feature-length video discs. Triple-layer discs and quadruple layers are available for BD-XL re-writer drives, the name Blu-ray refers to the blue laser used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored at a greater density than is possible with the longer-wavelength red laser used for DVDs. The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for video material such as films and physical distribution of video games for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4. Besides the hardware specifications, Blu-ray is associated with a set of multimedia formats, high-definition video may be stored on Blu-ray discs with up to 2160p resolution, at up to 60 frames per second. DVD discs had been limited to a resolution of 480p or 576p. The BD format was developed by the Blu-ray Disc Association, a group representing makers of consumer electronics, computer hardware, Sony unveiled the first Blu-ray disc prototypes in October 2000, and the first prototype player was released in April 2003 in Japan. Afterwards, it continued to be developed until its release in June 2006. During the high definition disc format war, Blu-ray Disc competed with the HD DVD format. Toshiba, the company that supported HD DVD, conceded in February 2008. According to Media Research, high-definition software sales in the US were slower in the first two years than DVD software sales, Blu-ray faces competition from video on demand and the continued sale of DVDs. As of January 2016, 44% of U. S. broadband households had a Blu-ray player, the information density of the DVD format was limited by the wavelength of the laser diodes used. Following protracted development, blue laser diodes operating at 405 nanometers became available on a production basis, Sony started two projects in collaboration with Philips applying the new diodes, UDO, and DVR Blue, a format of rewritable discs that would eventually become Blu-ray Disc. The core technologies of the formats are similar, the first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in October 2000 by Sony. A trademark for the Blue Disc logo was filed February 9,2001, on February 19,2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray Disc, and Blu-ray Disc Founders was founded by the nine initial members. The first consumer device arrived in stores on April 10,2003, the Sony BDZ-S77, but there was no standard for prerecorded video, and no movies were released for this player. On October 4,2004, the name Blu-ray Disc Founders was officially changed to the Blu-ray Disc Association, the Blu-ray Disc physical specifications were completed in 2004

22.
20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
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Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment LLC is the home video distribution arm of the 20th Century Fox film studio. It was established in 1977 as Magnetic Video and was known as 20th Century Fox Video, CBS/Fox Video and FoxVideo. CBS/Fox became FoxVideo in 1991, alternating with the CBS/Fox name until 1998 and it was renamed as 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment in 1995, alternating with the FoxVideo name until 1998. They serve as a UK distributor for Pathé movies and their library for home media releases. Fox also distributed Yari Film Group DVD titles in North America, TCFHE also distributes MGM and United Artists titles since MGM ended their home video agreement with Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. They also distribute titles from Relativity Media, EuropaCorp U. S. Foxs best selling DVD titles are currently the various box sets of The Simpsons. They also once served as the U. S and they also distributed HIT Entertainment releases in 2006 until 2008 when video distribution moved to Lionsgate Home Entertainment, then Universal Pictures Home Entertainment. In late 2006, the company began releasing its titles on Blu-ray

23.
Queen (Snow White)
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Other versions of the Queen appear in Snow White derivative works, and the character has also become an archetype for unrelated works of fiction. The Queen is Snow Whites evil and vindictive stepmother who is obsessed with being the fairest in the land, the young princess Snow White makes her jealous, so the Queen concocts several plans to kill Snow White through the use of witchcraft. A driving force in the story is the Queens Magic Mirror, in the traditional resolution of the story, the Queen is grotesquely executed for her crimes. The tale is a lesson for young children warning against narcissism and she is often regarded as the most interesting character in Snow White and has been extensively analyzed and evaluated by literature scholars and psychologists. Various other versions of the Queen appear in subsequent adaptations and continuations of the fairy tale, including novels. In these, the Queen is often re-imagined and sometimes portrayed more sympathetically, such as being morally conflicted, or suffering from madness, in the revisionist stories, she can even become an antihero or a tragic hero. In some instances, she serves as the protagonist or narrator of the story, one particularly notable version is Disneys version. The Queen has also become an archetype that inspired several characters featured in the works that are not directly based on the original tale, the Queen is a very beautiful but proud and arrogant woman who is secretly dabbling in dark arts. When the Kings first wife, the Good Queen passes away, the Kings new and second wife is a very beautiful but a wicked and vain woman who becomes the new and second Queen, and Snow Whites stepmother. She owns a magic mirror, which one day informs her that her young stepdaughter, after deciding to eliminate Snow White, the Queen orders her huntsman to take the princess into the forest and kill her. The Queen tells him to bring back Snow Whites lungs and liver, however, the huntsman takes pity on Snow White, and instead, brings the Queen the lungs and liver of a boar. The Queen then eats what she believes are Snow Whites organs, while questioning her mirror, the Queen discovers that Snow White has survived. Intending to kill Snow White herself, she uses witchcraft to prepare poison and she visits the dwarfs house and sells Snow White laces for a corset that she laces too tight in an attempt to asphyxiate the girl. When that fails, the Queen returns, as a different old woman, when the comb fails to kill Snow White, the Queen again visits Snow White, this time disguised as a farmers wife, and gives Snow White a poisoned apple. Sara Maitland wrote that we do not tell this part of the story any more, we say it is too cruel, therefore, many revisions of the fairy tale often change the gruesome classic ending in order to make it seem less violent. In some versions, instead of dying, the Queen is even just merely prevented from committing further wrongdoings. Already the first English translation of the Grimms tale, written by Edgar Taylor in 1823, has the Queen choke on her own envy upon the sight of Snow White alive. The Queens origins can be traced to the character of Silver-Tree, according to Kenny Klein, the enchantress Ceridwen of the Welsh mythology was the quintissential evil stepmother, the origin of that character in the two tales of Snow White and Cinderella

24.
Dwarf (Germanic mythology)
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In Germanic mythology, a dwarf is a being that dwells in mountains and in the earth, and is variously associated with wisdom, smithing, mining, and crafting. Dwarfs are often described as short and ugly, although some scholars have questioned whether this is a later development stemming from comical portrayals of the beings. The concept of the dwarf has had influence in popular culture. The modern English noun dwarf descends from the Old English dweorg and it has a variety of cognates in other Germanic languages, including Old Norse dvergr and Old High German twerg. According to Vladimir Orel, the English noun and its cognates ultimately descend from Proto-Germanic *đwerȝaz, beyond the Proto-Germanic reconstruction, the etymology of the word dwarf is highly contested. Competing etymologies include a basis in the Indo-European root *dheur-, the Indo-European root *dhreugh, modern English has two plurals for the word dwarf, dwarfs and dwarves. Dwarfs remains the most commonly employed plural, regarding the plural, Tolkien wrote in 1937, I am afraid it is just a piece of private bad grammar, rather shocking in a philologist, but I shall have to go with it. Norse mythology provides different mythical origins for the beings, as recorded in the Poetic Edda, the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá details that the dwarfs were the product of the primordial blood of the being Brimir and the bones of Bláinn. The Prose Edda, however, describes dwarfs as beings similar to maggots that festered in the flesh of Ymir before being gifted with reason by the gods. The Poetic Edda and Prose Edda contain over 100 dwarf names, while the Prose Edda gives the four dwarfs Norðri, Suðri, Austri and Vestri a cosmological role, they hold up the sky. In addition, scholars have noted that the Svartálfar appear to be the same beings as dwarfs, one dwarf named Alvíss claimed the hand of Thors daughter Þrúðr in marriage, but he was kept talking until daybreak and turned to stone, much like some accounts of trolls. After the Christianization of the Germanic peoples, tales of dwarfs continued to be told in the folklore of areas of Europe where Germanic languages were spoken, in the late legendary sagas, dwarfs demonstrate skill in healing as well as in smithing. In the early Norse sources, there is no mention of their short, in the legendary sagas, however, they are small. Anatoly Liberman suggests that dwarfs may have originally been thought of as supernatural beings. Old Norse dwarf names include Fullangr and Hár, whereas Anglo-Saxon glosses use dweorg to render Latin terms such as nanus and pygmaeus, dwarfs in folklore are usually described as old men with long beards. Female dwarfs are hardly ever mentioned, however, in the Swedish ballad Herr Peder och Dvärgens Dotter, the role of supernatural temptress is played by a dwarfs daughter. The Anglo-Saxon charm Wið Dweorh appears to relate to sleep disturbances, in the Old English Herbal, it translates Latin verrucas, warts. Lotte Motz theorized that the Germanic dwarfs, particularly as smiths and gatekeepers, there were seven dwarfs in the Brothers Grimms fairy tale Snow White

25.
Martin Klebba
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Martin Klebba is an American actor and stunt performer. Klebba has a form of dwarfism called acromicric dysplasia, he is 46 tall, Klebba was born and grew up in Troy, Michigan, graduating from Athens High School. Martin was wed to Michelle Dilgard in 2011 and in a 2011 interview with Kale Slade, Martin revealed that in his time, he likes to play video games with his son. Martin is the father of son, Alec Klebba, and daughter, Makenzie Rae Klebba, Klebba runs a nonprofit foundation called Coalition for Dwarf Advocacy, which gives 100% of its donations to the cause of helping little people. Klebba was an occasional guest on The Howard Stern Show in the 1990s, Klebba has acted in various productions, most notably the Pirates of the Caribbean series as Marty, one of Captain Jack Sparrows Black Pearl crew, in all three of the first trilogy. In 2003, he played the announcer in the Cradle 2 the Grave. In 2009, Klebba played the role of Count Le Petite in Alls Faire in Love and he has also been in low budget horror/comedy films Feast 2, Sloppy Seconds & Feast III, The Happy Finish as Thunder. He has numerous stunt credits as well including Hancock, Zombieland, Bedtime Stories, Evan Almighty, Meet the Spartans, Epic Movie, wearing motion capture pajamas, Marty stood in for the Dimorphodon who grapples with Chris Pratt in Jurassic World. Klebba starred as Friday, one of the seven dwarfs, in the 2001 made-for-TV film Snow White, in 2003, Klebba starred as Hank Dingo in the Comedy Central made-for-TV movie Knee High P. I. He also made an appearance as a demon in the Charmed and he has also appeared in iCarly and Drake & Josh as Nug Nug. Klebba made many appearances as Randall Winston in the television series Scrubs and he starred in the CSI, Crime Scene Investigation episode The Chick Chop Flick Shop as Dickie Jones, and in the CSI, NY episode Uncertainty Rules as Calvin Moore. Also in 2010, Klebba guest starred as Hibachi in Pair of Kings and he played Todd Moore in the Bones season 5 episode Dwarf in the Dirt. Klebba has also featured on the TLC reality show, Little People, Big World. He will be featured in one episode of VH-1s Im Married to a. in which his average sized wife talks about being married to a little person, in 2011, Klebba appeared on The Cape as a series regular named Rollo. He also appeared again in Mirror Mirror, which starred Julia Roberts, Armie Hammer. Martin Klebba at the Internet Movie Database

26.
Magistrate
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The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers, in other parts of the world, such as China, a magistrate was responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, in some jurisdictions, a magistrate is an officer who hears cases in a lower court. In other jurisdictions, magistrates may be volunteers without formal training who perform a judicial role with regard to minor matters. In ancient Rome, the word referred to one of the highest offices of state. Analogous offices in the authorities, such as municipium, were subordinate only to the legislature of which they generally were members. Ex officio, often a combination of judicial and executive power, in Rome itself, the highest magistrates were members of the so-called cursus honorum -career of honors. They held both judicial and executive power within their sphere of responsibility, and also had the power to issue ius honorarium, the Consul was the highest Roman magistrate. Roman magistrates were not lawyers, but were advised by jurists who were experts in the law, the term was maintained in most feudal successor states to the western Roman Empire. The term chief magistrate applied to the highest official, in sovereign entities the head of state and/or head of government and these were referred as administrative magistrates to distinguish them from the judiciary magistrates. The President of Portugal is considered the Supreme Magistrate of the Nation, in Mexicos Federal Law System, a magistrado is a superior judge, hierarchically beneath the Supreme Court Justices. The magistrado reviews the cases seen by a judge in a term if any of the parties disputes the verdict. For special cases, there are magistrados superiores who review the verdicts of special court, magistrates/JPs are limited to issuing sentences of no longer than six months for one offence and up to twelve months consecutively for multiple offences. A wide range of legal matters is within the remit of magistrates. However, commission areas were replaced with Local Justice Areas by the Courts Act 2003, meaning no longer need to live within 15 miles, although, in practice. Thus, every magistrate in England and Wales may act as a magistrate anywhere in England or Wales, there are two types of magistrates in England and Wales, justices of the peace and district judges who hold office as members of the professional judiciary. According to requirements, around 50% of magistrates are women, over 41% of magistrates are retired from employment while others may be self-employed or able to arrange leave from their employment. No formal qualifications are required, but magistrates require intelligence, common sense, integrity, membership is widely spread throughout the area covered and drawn from all walks of life

27.
Magic Mirror (Snow White)
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The Magic Mirror is a mystical object that is featured in the story of Snow White. The Magic Mirror is owned by the Evil Queen and has been depicted in different versions as either a mirror or a mirror on the wall. Every morning, the Evil Queen asked the Magic Mirror the question Magic mirror in my hand, the mirror always replies, My Queen, you are the fairest in the land. The Queen is always pleased with that, because the magic mirror never lies, but Snow White is a thousand times more beautiful than you. This resulted in the Evil Queen enlisting a huntsman to kill Snow White and bring her Snow Whites lungs, the mirror replies, My Queen, you are the fairest here so true. But Snow White beyond the mountains at the seven Dwarfs is a thousand times more beautiful than you and this caused the Evil Queen to disguise herself as different women to kill Snow White. But the young Queen is a thousand times fairer than you, the Evil Queen learned too late at the wedding that the young queen in question was Snow White which eventually leads to the Queens death which varied per version. After the death of Maria Sophias birth mother in 1738, her father Philipp Christoph von und zu Erthal remarried, Claudia Elisabeth von Reichenstein, the stepmother, was domineering and greatly favored the children from her first marriage. The Queens iconic mirror, referred to as “The Talking Mirror, ” can still be viewed today at Spessart Museum in the Lohr Castle, the mirror was likely a gift from Philipp Christoph to Claudia Elisabeth. It was a product of the Lohr Mirror Manufacture, the mirror “talked” predominantly in aphorisms. The upper right corner of “The Talking Mirror” contains a reference to self-love. Moreover, mirrors from Lohr were so worked that they were accorded the reputation of “always speaking the truth”. They became a favorite gift at European crown and aristocratic courts, the Magic Mirror appeared in Disneys Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs voiced by Moroni Olsen. The Magic Mirror contained an imprisoned spirit who is referred to as the Slave in the Magic Mirror, in his first appearance in the film, the Evil Queen would consult with the Magic Mirror to ask who the fairest of one all was. The Magic Mirror always told the Evil Queen that she was the fairest one of all, when asked who the fairest of all is, the spirit replies that, while the Queen is beautiful, a fairer being exists. When the Queen angrily asks for the name, the spirit describes her. The Queen then orders her Huntsman to kill Snow White and bring her back her heart, when the Evil Queen asks the Magic Mirror who the fairest of them all was later that evening, the Magic Mirror told her that Snow White was the fairest of them all. The Magic Mirror appeared in Disneys House of Mouse voiced by Tony Jay and it was seen in the lobby of the club

28.
Puppet
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A puppet is an object, often resembling a human, animal or mythical figure, that is animated or manipulated by a person called a puppeteer. The puppeteer uses movements of her hands, arms, or control devices such as rods or strings to move the body, head, limbs, and in some cases the mouth and eyes of the puppet. The puppeteer often speaks in the voice of the character of the puppet, the actions, gestures and spoken parts acted out by the puppeteer with the puppet are typically used in storytelling. Puppetry is an ancient form of theatre which dates back to the 5th century BC in Ancient Greece. There are many different varieties of puppets, and they are made from a range of materials, depending on their form. They range from very simple in construction and operation to very complex, the sock puppet is a type of hand puppet, which is controlled using one hand that occupies the interior of the puppet and moves the puppet around. A live-hand puppet is similar to a puppet but is larger. A rod puppet is constructed around a central rod secured to the head, a shadow puppet is a cut-out figure held between a source of light and a translucent screen. Bunraku puppets are a type of Japanese wood-carved puppet, carnival puppets are large puppets, typically bigger than a human, designed to be part of a large spectacle or parade. Puppetry was practiced in Ancient Greece and the oldest written records of puppetry can be found in the works of Herodotus and Xenophon, aristotle discusses puppets in his work On the Motion of Animals. In India, puppetry was practiced from ancient times and is known by different names in different parts of the country, excavation of clay dolls from Indus valley sites serve as an indication. The art of puppetry called Bommalattam is mentioned in Tamil literature Silappadikaram, puppetry by its nature is a flexible and inventive medium and many puppet companies work with combinations of puppet forms and incorporate real objects into their performances. They might, for example, incorporate performing objects such as paper for snow. The puppeteers perform dressed in black against a background, with the background. The puppeteers manipulate the puppets under the light, while they position themselves unseen against the black unlit background, Puppets of many sizes and types may be used. The original concept of form of puppetry can be traced to Bunraku puppetry. Bunraku puppets are a type of wood-carved puppet originally made to stand out through torch illumination, Bunraku traditionally uses three puppeteers to operate a puppet that varies from 1/3 to 1/2 life size. Carnival puppets are designed to be part of a large spectacle

29.
Bollywood
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Bollywood is the sobriquet for Indias Hindi language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is more formally referred to as Hindi cinema, Bollywood is also one of the largest centers of film production in the world. Furthermore, Bollywood is one of the biggest film industries in the world in terms of the number of people employed, according to Matusitz, J. & Payano, P. In 2011, over 3.5 billion tickets were sold across the globe which in comparison is 900,000 tickets more than Hollywood, Bollywood produced 252 films in 2014 out of a total of 1969 films produced in Indian cinema. The name Bollywood is a derived from Bombay, India, and Hollywood, California. Bollywood does not exist as a physical place, some deplore the name, arguing that it makes the industry look like a poor cousin to Hollywood. The naming scheme for Bollywood was inspired by Tollywood, the name that was used to refer to the cinema of West Bengal and it was this chance juxtaposition of two pairs of rhyming syllables, Holly and Tolly, that led to the portmanteau name Tollywood being coined. However, Tollywood is now used popularly to refer to the Telugu Film Industry in Telangana & Andhra Pradesh, the term Bollywood itself has origins in the 1970s, when India overtook America as the worlds largest film producer. Credit for the term has been claimed by different people, including the lyricist, filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna. Raja Harishchandra, by Dadasaheb Phalke, is known as the first silent feature film made in India, by the 1930s, the industry was producing over 200 films per annum. The first Indian sound film, Ardeshir Iranis Alam Ara, was a commercial success. There was clearly a huge market for talkies and musicals, Bollywood, the 1930s and 1940s were tumultuous times, India was buffeted by the Great Depression, World War II, the Indian independence movement, and the violence of the Partition. Most Bollywood films were unabashedly escapist, but there were also a number of filmmakers who tackled tough social issues, in 1937, Ardeshir Irani, of Alam Ara fame, made the first colour film in Hindi, Kisan Kanya. The next year, he made another film, a version of Mother India. However, colour did not become a feature until the late 1950s. At this time, lavish romantic musicals and melodramas were the fare at the cinema. Following Indias independence, the period from the late 1940s to the 1960s is regarded by historians as the Golden Age of Hindi cinema. Some of the most critically acclaimed Hindi films of all time were produced during this period, examples include the Guru Dutt films Pyaasa and Kaagaz Ke Phool and the Raj Kapoor films Awaara, Shree 420 and Dilip Kumars Aan

30.
Baker
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A baker is someone who bakes and sometimes sells breads and other products made using an oven or other concentrated heat source. The place where a baker works is called a bakery, since grains have been a staple food for millennia, the activity of baking is a very old one. Control of yeast, however, is relatively recent, by the fifth and sixth centuries BCE, the ancient Greeks used enclosed ovens heated by wood fires, communities usually baked bread in a large communal oven. Greeks baked dozens and possibly hundreds of types of bread, Athenaeus described seventy-two varieties, in ancient Rome several centuries later, the first mass production of breads occurred, and the baking profession can be said to have started at that time. Ancient Roman bakers used honey and oil in their products, creating pastries rather than breads, in ancient Rome, bakers were sometimes slaves, who were sometimes manumitted. Large households in Rome normally had their own bakers, the Gauls are credited with discovering that the addition of beer froth to bread dough made well-leavened bread, marking the use of controlled yeast for bread dough. In medieval Europe, baking ovens were often separated from buildings to mitigate the risk of fire. Because bread was an important staple food, bakers production factors were heavily regulated, soon after the enactment of the Assize, baking became a very stable industry, and was executed much more professionally than brewing, resulting in towns and villages having fewer bakers than brewers. Because ovens were expensive capital investments and required careful operation, specialized bakeries opened, Bakers were often part of the guild system, which was well-established by the sixteenth century, master bakers instructed apprentices and were assisted by journeymen. In Amsterdam in 1694, for example, the cake-bakers, pie-bakers, a fraternity of bakers in London existed as early as 1155, according to records of payments to the Exchequer, the Worshipful Company of Bakers was formed by charters dated 1486,1569, and 1685. The guild still exists today, with ceremonial and charitable functions. Five bakers have served as mayor of London. The Columbian Exchange, which began in 1492, had a influence on the baking occupation. Access to sugar greatly increased as a result of new cultivation in the Caribbean, in the eighteenth century, processors learned how to refine sugar from sugar beets, allowing Europeans to grow sugar locally. These developments led to an increase in the sophistication of baking and pastries, and this occupation was less common that cloth manufacturer and tavern/public house worker, but more common than cotton spinner, merchant, calico printer, or grocer. The legislation was soon replicated in other states, joseph Lochner, a bakery owner in Utica, New York, was subsequently convicted of violating the law for forcing his employees to work more than sixty hours a week. Frustrated with the deterioration of working conditions, bakery workers in New York went on strike in August 1905. In Roman Catholic tradition, the saint of bakers and pastry chefs is Honoratus of Amiens

31.
Baron
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Baron is a title of honour, often hereditary. The word baron comes from the Old French baron, from a Late Latin baro man, servant, soldier, cornutus in the first century already reports a word barones which he took to be of Gaulish origin. During the Ancien Régime, French baronies were very much like Scottish ones, feudal landholders were entitled to style themselves baron if they were nobles, a roturier could only be a seigneur de la baronnie. These baronies could be sold freely until 1789 when feudal law was abolished. The title of baron was assumed as a titre de courtoisie by many nobles, emperor Napoléon created a new empire nobility, in which baron was the second lowest title. The titles followed a line of descent and could not be purchased. In 1815, King Louis XVIII created a new system based on the British model. Baron-peer was the lowest title, but the heirs to pre-1789 barons could remain barons, as could the elder sons of viscount-peers and this peerage system was abolished in 1848. The wife of a Freiherr is called a Freifrau or sometimes Baronin, families which had always held this status were called Uradel, and were heraldically entitled to a three pointed coronet. Families which had been ennobled at a point in time had seven points on their coronet. These families held their fief in vassalage from a suzerain, the holder of an allodial barony was thus called a Free Lord, or Freiherr. Subsequently, sovereigns in Germany conferred the title of Freiherr as a rank in the nobility, today, as of 1919 on, there is no legal privilege associated with hereditary titles in Germany. In modern, republican Germany, Freiherr and Baron remain heritable only as part of the legal surname, as opposed to this, hereditary titles have been banned completely in Austria. Still, in countries, honorary styles like His/her Highness, Serenity, etc. persists in social use as a form of utmost courtesy. As a result, German barons have been more numerous than those of countries where primogeniture with respect to title inheritance prevails as France. In Italy, barone was the lowest rank of feudal nobility except for that of signore or vassallo, the title of baron was most generally introduced into southern Italy by the Normans during the 11th century. Whereas originally a barony might consist of two or more manors, by 1700 we see what were formerly single manors erected into baronies, counties or even marquisates. Since the early 1800s, when feudalism was abolished in the various Italian states, the untitled younger son of a baron is a nobile dei baroni and in informal usage might be called a baron, while certain baronies devolve to heirs male general

32.
Butcher
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A butcher is a person who may slaughter animals, dress their flesh, sell their meat or do any combination of these three tasks. They may prepare standard cuts of meat and poultry for sale in retail or wholesale food establishments, a butcher may be employed by supermarkets, grocery stores, butcher shops and fish markets, slaughter house, or may be self-employed. An ancient trade, whose duties may date back to the domestication of livestock, today, many jurisdictions offer trade certifications for butchers. Some areas expect a three-year apprenticeship followed by the option of becoming a master butcher, butchery is a traditional line of work. In the industrialized world, slaughterhouses use butchers to slaughter the animals, the steps include stunning, exsanguination, skinning or scalding and dehairing, evisceration and splitting. Secondary butchery involves boning and trimming primal cuts in preparation for sale, historically, primary and secondary butchery were performed in the same establishment, but the advent of methods of preservation and low cost transportation has largely separated them. In parts of the world, it is common for butchers to perform many or all of the butchers duties, where refrigeration is less common, these skills are required to sell the meat of slaughtered animals. Some butchers sell their goods in specialized stores, commonly termed a butcher shop, butchers at a butcher shop may perform primary butchery, but will typically perform secondary butchery to prepare fresh cuts of meat for sale. These shops may also sell related products, such as food supplies, baked goods. Butcher shops can have a variety of animal types, meat cuts. Additionally, butcher shops may focus on a culture, or nationality. Some butcher shops, termed meat delis, may include a delicatessen. In the United States and Canada, butcher shops are becoming common because of the increasing popularity of supermarkets. A primal cut is a piece of meat initially separated from the carcass during butchering, different countries and cultures make these cuts in different ways, and primal cuts also differ between type of carcass. The British, American and French primal cuts all differ in some respects, a notable example is fatback, which in Europe is an important primal cut of pork, but in North America is regarded as trimmings to be used in sausage or rendered into lard. The primal cuts may be complete or cut further. See also Butcher In various periods and cultures, the butcher has been applied to people who act cruelly to other human beings or slaughter them

33.
Napoleon
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Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France against a series of coalitions in the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, one of the greatest commanders in history, his wars and campaigns are studied at military schools worldwide. Napoleons political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and he was born Napoleone di Buonaparte in Corsica to a relatively modest family from the minor nobility. When the Revolution broke out in 1789, Napoleon was serving as an officer in the French army. Seizing the new opportunities presented by the Revolution, he rose through the ranks of the military. The Directory eventually gave him command of the Army of Italy after he suppressed a revolt against the government from royalist insurgents, in 1798, he led a military expedition to Egypt that served as a springboard to political power. He engineered a coup in November 1799 and became First Consul of the Republic and his ambition and public approval inspired him to go further, and in 1804 he became the first Emperor of the French. Intractable differences with the British meant that the French were facing a Third Coalition by 1805, in 1806, the Fourth Coalition took up arms against him because Prussia became worried about growing French influence on the continent. Napoleon quickly defeated Prussia at the battles of Jena and Auerstedt, then marched the Grand Army deep into Eastern Europe, France then forced the defeated nations of the Fourth Coalition to sign the Treaties of Tilsit in July 1807, bringing an uneasy peace to the continent. Tilsit signified the high watermark of the French Empire, hoping to extend the Continental System and choke off British trade with the European mainland, Napoleon invaded Iberia and declared his brother Joseph the King of Spain in 1808. The Spanish and the Portuguese revolted with British support, the Peninsular War lasted six years, featured extensive guerrilla warfare, and ended in victory for the Allies. The Continental System caused recurring diplomatic conflicts between France and its client states, especially Russia, unwilling to bear the economic consequences of reduced trade, the Russians routinely violated the Continental System and enticed Napoleon into another war. The French launched an invasion of Russia in the summer of 1812. The resulting campaign witnessed the collapse of the Grand Army, the destruction of Russian cities, in 1813, Prussia and Austria joined Russian forces in a Sixth Coalition against France. A lengthy military campaign culminated in a large Allied army defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, the Allies then invaded France and captured Paris in the spring of 1814, forcing Napoleon to abdicate in April. He was exiled to the island of Elba near Rome and the Bourbons were restored to power, however, Napoleon escaped from Elba in February 1815 and took control of France once again. The Allies responded by forming a Seventh Coalition, which defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in June, the British exiled him to the remote island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, where he died six years later at the age of 51

34.
Valet
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Valet and varlet are terms for male servants who serve as personal attendants to their employer. In the United States, the term most often refers to a parking valet, in English, valet as personal man-servant is recorded since 1567, though use of the term in the French-speaking English medieval court is older, and the variant form varlet is cited from 1456. See yeoman, possibly derived from man, a related term. The modern use is usually short for the valet de chambre, since the 16th century, the word has traditionally been pronounced as rhyming with pallet, though an alternative pronunciation, rhyming with chalet, as in French, is now common. The Oxford English Dictionary lists both pronunciations as valid, a valet or gentlemans gentleman is a gentlemans male servant, the closest female equivalent is a ladys maid. The valet performs personal services such as maintaining his employers clothes, running his bath and perhaps shaving his employer. In a great house, the master of the house had his own valet, in a bachelors household the valet might perform light housekeeping duties as well. Valets learned the skills for their role in various ways, others started out as soldier-servants to army officers or stewards to naval officers. Traditionally, a valet did much more than lay out clothes. He was also responsible for making travel arrangements, dealing with any bills, Alexandre Bontemps, the most senior of the thirty-six valets to Louis XIV of France, was a powerful figure, who ran the Château de Versailles. In courts, valet de chambre was a position of status, often given to artists, musicians, poets and others. The role was also, at least during the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance, valets, like butlers and most specialized domestic staff, have become relatively rare. A more common, though infrequent, arrangement is the general servant performing combined roles. Alfred Pennyworth, valet to Bruce Wayne, created by Bob Kane, hobson, from the comedy film Arthur. Kato, Inspector Clouseaus valet and martial arts partner in the Pink Panther movies, passepartout, in the 1872 novel Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne. George, created by Agatha Christie in the Hercule Poirot novels, edward Henry Masterman, the victims valet and a suspect in Agatha Christies Murder on the Orient Express. Figaro, the Count of Almavivas valet from Beaumarchais play The Marriage of Figaro, as well as the Mozart, leporello, valet of Don Giovanni in the opera by Mozart. Giles French in the sitcom Family Affair, probert, valet to Sir William McCordle, and Robert Parks, valet to Lord Stockbridge, in the 2001 film Gosford Park, directed by Robert Altman

35.
Chimera (mythology)
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The Chimera was, according to Greek mythology, a monstrous fire-breathing hybrid creature of Lycia in Asia Minor, composed of the parts of more than one animal. The seeing of a Chimera was an omen for disaster, elsewhere in the Iliad, Homer attributes the rearing of Chimera to Amisodorus. Her did Pegasus and noble Bellerophon slay, the author of the Bibliotheca concurs, descriptions agree that she breathed fire. The Chimera is generally considered to have been female despite the mane adorning her head, the inclusion of a close mane often was depicted on lionesses, sighting the Chimera was an omen of storms, shipwrecks, and natural disasters. While there are different genealogies, in one version the Chimera mated with her brother Orthrus and was the mother of the Sphinx, the Chimera finally was defeated by Bellerophon with the help of Pegasus, at the command of King Iobates of Lycia. Since Pegasus could fly, Bellerophon shot the Chimera from the air, safe from her heads, robert Graves suggests, The Chimera was, apparently, a calendar-symbol of the tripartite year, of which the seasonal emblems were lion, goat, and serpent. The Chimera was situated in foreign Lycia, but her representation in the arts was wholly Greek, an autonomous tradition, one that did not rely on the written word, was represented in the visual repertory of the Greek vase-painters. The Corinthian type is fixed, after some hesitation, in the 670s BC. The fascination with the monstrous devolved by the end of the century into a decorative Chimera-motif in Corinth. Two vase-painters employed the motif so consistently they are given the pseudonyms the Bellerophon Painter, a fire-breathing lioness was one of the earliest of solar and war deities in Ancient Egypt and influences are feasible. The lioness represented the war goddess and protector of both cultures that would unite as Ancient Egypt, sekhmet was one of the dominant deities in upper Egypt and Bast in lower Egypt. As divine mother, and more especially as protector, for Lower Egypt, Bast became strongly associated with Wadjet, in Etruscan civilization, the Chimera appears in the Orientalizing period that precedes Etruscan Archaic art, that is to say, very early indeed. The Chimera appears in Etruscan wall-paintings of the fourth century BC, in Medieval art, although the Chimera of antiquity was forgotten, chimerical figures appear as embodiments of the deceptive, even satanic forces of raw nature. Provided with a face and a scaly tail, as in Dantes vision of Geryon in Inferno xvii. The myths of the Chimera may be found in the Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus, the Iliad by Homer, the Fabulae 57 and 151 by Hyginus, the Metamorphoses, and the Theogony 319ff by Hesiod. Virgil, in the Aeneid employs Chimaera for the name of ship of Gyas in the ship-race. Pliny the Elder cited Ctesias and quoted Photius identifying the Chimera with an area of permanent gas vents that still may be found by hikers on the Lycian Way in southwest Turkey, the vents emit burning methane thought to be of metamorphic origin. The fires of these were landmarks in ancient times and used for navigation by sailors, the Neo-Hittite Chimera from Carchemish, dated to 850–750 BC, which is now housed in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, is believed to be a basis for the Greek legend

Mirror, Mirror (film)
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Mirror, Mirror is a 1990 American horror film directed by Marina Sargenti, based on a screenplay by Annette Cascone and Gina Cascone. It stars Karen Black, Rainbow Harvest, Yvonne De Carlo, the film follows a teenaged outcast who finds herself drawn to an antique mirror left in the house she and her mother have moved into. A soundtrack for Mirror,

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Mirror, Mirror

Tarsem Singh
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Tarsem Singh Dhandwar, known professionally as Tarsem, is an Indian-American director who has worked on films, music videos, and commercials. Tarsem was born in Jalandhar, Punjab to a Punjabi Sikh family and his father was an aircraft engineer. He attended Bishop Cotton School in Shimla, Hans Raj College in Delhi and he has directed dozens of comme

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Singh at WonderCon 2011

Ryan Kavanaugh
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Ryan Colin Kavanaugh is an American businessman, film producer and film financier. He is the founder and CEO of Relativity Media, through Relativity, he has financed more than 200 films representing more than $17 billion in revenue. He is credited as of April 19,2014 as the producer of 61 films and he was named by Variety as 2011s Showman of the Ye

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Kavanaugh in 2013

Brett Ratner
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Brett Ratner is an American film producer, entertainment businessman, and director of motion pictures, music videos, and television. He is known for directing the Rush Hour film series, The Family Man, Red Dragon, X-Men, The Last Stand, and Tower Heist. He was also a producer on the Fox drama series, Prison Break and he is the co-founder of RatPac-

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Ratner at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival

Snow White
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Snow White is a nineteenth-century German fairy tale which is today known widely across the Western world. The Brothers Grimm published it in 1812 in the first edition of their collection Grimms Fairy Tales and it was titled in German, Sneewittchen and numbered as Tale 53. The name Sneewittchen was Low German and in the first version it was transla

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Schneewittchen by Alexander Zick

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1. The Queen asks the magic mirror

The Brothers Grimm
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Their first collection of folk tales, Childrens and Household Tales, was published in 1812. The brothers spent their formative years in the German town of Hanau and their fathers death in 1796 caused great poverty for the family and affected the brothers for many years after. They both attended the University of Marburg where they developed a curio

Lily Collins
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Lily Jane Collins is a British-American actress and model. The daughter of English musician Phil Collins and an American mother, Jill Tavelman, she was born in Surrey and her first screen role was at the age of two in the BBC series Growing Pains. She went on to study broadcast journalism at the University of Southern California and as a teenager,

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Collins at 2013 WonderCon promoting The Mortal Instruments: City of Bones

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Collins at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival

Julia Roberts
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Julia Fiona Roberts is an American actress and producer. She became a Hollywood star after headlining the romantic comedy Pretty Woman and she received the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie nomination for her performance in the HBO television film The Normal Heart. Roberts was the actress in the wo

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Roberts at the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival premiere of Jesus Henry Christ

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Roberts at the Deauville American Film Festival in Normandy, France, September 1990.

Armie Hammer
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Armand Douglas Armie Hammer is an American actor. He played the role of Illya Kuryakin in The Man from U. N. C. L. E. for his portrayal of Clyde Tolson in J. Edgar, he was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award. Hammer was born in Los Angeles, California and his mother, Dru Ann, is a former bank loan officer, and his father, Michael Armand Hamme

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Hammer at 2015 Comic Con

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Hammer at The Lone Ranger in June 2013

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Hammer's wife Elizabeth Chambers in 2013

Nathan Lane
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Nathan Lane is an American stage, film and television actor and writer. O. J. Simpson as F. Lee Bailey, in 2006, Lane received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, and in 2008, he was inducted into the American Theatre Hall of Fame. Lane was born Joseph Lane in Jersey City, New Jersey on February 3,1956 and his father, Daniel, was a truck driver a

Mare Winningham
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Mary Megan Mare Winningham is an American actress and singer-songwriter. An eight-time Emmy Award nominee, she won Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie for Amber Waves in 1980 and she was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1995 film Georgia. She made her New York stage debut in the 2007 Off-B

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Winningham in 2012

Sean Bean
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Shaun Mark Bean, known professionally as Sean Bean, is an English actor. After graduating from the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, he made his debut in a theatre production of Romeo. Retaining his distinctive Yorkshire accent, he first found success for his portrayal of Richard Sharpe in the ITV series Sharpe. His most prominent film role was Boromi

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Bean at the 2015 Toronto Film Festival.

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At the premiere of North Country at the 2005 Toronto International Film Festival

Alan Menken
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Alan Irwin Menken is an American musical theatre and film score composer and pianist. Menken is best known for his scores for films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and his scores for The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, and Pocahontas have each won him two Academy Awards. He also composed the scores for Little Shop of Horror

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Menken in 2013

Relativity Media
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Relativity Media LLC is an American media company headquartered in Beverly Hills, California, founded in 2004 by Lynwood Spinks and Ryan Kavanaugh. The studio was the third largest mini-major globally until bankruptcy on July 30,2015 and its full-scale film studio acquires, develops, produces and distributes films. The companys partners and financi

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Relativity Media LLC

United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean,

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Native Americans meeting with Europeans, 1764

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Flag

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The signing of the Mayflower Compact, 1620.

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The Declaration of Independence: the Committee of Five presenting their draft to the Second Continental Congress in 1776

Adventure
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An adventure is an exciting or unusual experience. It may also be a bold, usually risky undertaking, with an uncertain outcome, adventures may be activities with some potential for physical danger such as traveling, exploring, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving, river rafting or participating in extreme sports. The term also refers to any e

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Fridtjof Nansen won international fame after reaching a record latitude of 86°14′ during his North Pole expedition of 1893–96.

Fantasy film
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Fantasy films are films that belong to the fantasy genre with fantastic themes, usually involving magic, supernatural events, mythology, folklore, or exotic fantasy worlds. The genre is considered a form of speculative fiction alongside science fiction films and horror films, Fantasy films often have an element of magic, myth, wonder, escapism, and

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Fantasy films

Brothers Grimm
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Their first collection of folk tales, Childrens and Household Tales, was published in 1812. The brothers spent their formative years in the German town of Hanau and their fathers death in 1796 caused great poverty for the family and affected the brothers for many years after. They both attended the University of Marburg where they developed a curio

Academy Award
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first

DVD
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DVD is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. The medium can store any kind of data and is widely used for software. DVDs offer higher capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions. Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp

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Backside of a Sony DADC -manufactured DVD

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A DVD burner drive for a PC

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Sony Rewritable DVD

Blu-ray
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Blu-ray or Blu-ray Disc is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was designed to supersede the DVD format, in that it is capable of storing high-definition, the plastic disc is 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick, the same size as DVDs and CDs. Conventional Blu-ray Disc discs contain 25 GB per layer, with dual layer discs being the standar

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A blank rewritable Blu-ray Disc (BD-RE).

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Blu-ray Disc

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100 GB BDXL Triple layer disc made by Sharp

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Ultra HD Blu-ray

20th Century Fox Home Entertainment
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Twentieth Century Fox Home Entertainment LLC is the home video distribution arm of the 20th Century Fox film studio. It was established in 1977 as Magnetic Video and was known as 20th Century Fox Video, CBS/Fox Video and FoxVideo. CBS/Fox became FoxVideo in 1991, alternating with the CBS/Fox name until 1998 and it was renamed as 20th Century Fox Ho

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The 2010 logo is an trailer.

Queen (Snow White)
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Other versions of the Queen appear in Snow White derivative works, and the character has also become an archetype for unrelated works of fiction. The Queen is Snow Whites evil and vindictive stepmother who is obsessed with being the fairest in the land, the young princess Snow White makes her jealous, so the Queen concocts several plans to kill Sno

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The Queen with her mirror in an American illustration from 1913

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The queen with her mirror, from 2011's My Book of Favourite Fairy Tales (illustrated by Jennie Harbour)

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The Queen at Snow White's wedding in a 1905 German illustration

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The Queen in disguise, offering a poisoned apple to Snow White (a late 19th-century German illustration)

Dwarf (Germanic mythology)
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In Germanic mythology, a dwarf is a being that dwells in mountains and in the earth, and is variously associated with wisdom, smithing, mining, and crafting. Dwarfs are often described as short and ugly, although some scholars have questioned whether this is a later development stemming from comical portrayals of the beings. The concept of the dwar

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Two dwarfs as depicted in a 19th-century edition of the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá (1895) by Lorenz Frølich.

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Beings

Martin Klebba
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Martin Klebba is an American actor and stunt performer. Klebba has a form of dwarfism called acromicric dysplasia, he is 46 tall, Klebba was born and grew up in Troy, Michigan, graduating from Athens High School. Martin was wed to Michelle Dilgard in 2011 and in a 2011 interview with Kale Slade, Martin revealed that in his time, he likes to play vi

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Klebba and Meredith Eaton, May 2007

Magistrate
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The term magistrate is used in a variety of systems of governments and laws to refer to a civilian officer who administers the law. In ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest ranking government officers, in other parts of the world, such as China, a magistrate was responsible for administration over a particular geographic area. Today, i

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Sir Lyman Poore Duff, a former judge of the Supreme Court of Canada

Magic Mirror (Snow White)
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The Magic Mirror is a mystical object that is featured in the story of Snow White. The Magic Mirror is owned by the Evil Queen and has been depicted in different versions as either a mirror or a mirror on the wall. Every morning, the Evil Queen asked the Magic Mirror the question Magic mirror in my hand, the mirror always replies, My Queen, you are

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The Evil Queen with her Mirror at Mickey's Boo-to-You Halloween Parade 2010

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The Evil Queen in front of the Magic Mirror in a 1916 illustration

Puppet
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A puppet is an object, often resembling a human, animal or mythical figure, that is animated or manipulated by a person called a puppeteer. The puppeteer uses movements of her hands, arms, or control devices such as rods or strings to move the body, head, limbs, and in some cases the mouth and eyes of the puppet. The puppeteer often speaks in the v

Bollywood
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Bollywood is the sobriquet for Indias Hindi language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is more formally referred to as Hindi cinema, Bollywood is also one of the largest centers of film production in the world. Furthermore, Bollywood is one of the biggest film industries in the world in terms of the number of people employ

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Amitabh Bachchan is widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential actors in the history of Indian cinema.

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Madhuri Dixit, often regarded as the best actress of the Indian cinema for her critical and commercial success during the 80s and 90s.

Baker
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A baker is someone who bakes and sometimes sells breads and other products made using an oven or other concentrated heat source. The place where a baker works is called a bakery, since grains have been a staple food for millennia, the activity of baking is a very old one. Control of yeast, however, is relatively recent, by the fifth and sixth centu

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The Baker, circa by Job Adriaensz Berckheyde (1630-1693)

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A military baker moves a tray of hot, freshly baked rolls onto a cooling rack on a ship, in this case an aircraft carrier

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A traditional baker in Poland, removes fresh bread from an oven with a long wooden peel and places it on a cooling rack

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Working with the dough

Baron
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Baron is a title of honour, often hereditary. The word baron comes from the Old French baron, from a Late Latin baro man, servant, soldier, cornutus in the first century already reports a word barones which he took to be of Gaulish origin. During the Ancien Régime, French baronies were very much like Scottish ones, feudal landholders were entitled

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The robe worn by a baron during his creation ceremony in 17th-century Britain, engraved by Wenceslas Hollar.

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Royal, noble and chivalric ranks

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A Scottish Baron's helmet

Butcher
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A butcher is a person who may slaughter animals, dress their flesh, sell their meat or do any combination of these three tasks. They may prepare standard cuts of meat and poultry for sale in retail or wholesale food establishments, a butcher may be employed by supermarkets, grocery stores, butcher shops and fish markets, slaughter house, or may be

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A butcher's, Tacuinum sanitatis casanatensis (XIV (14th) century)

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Primary butchery in a meat packing plant, 1873

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Boucherie du Bac, 82 Rue du Bac, Paris.

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A butcher at work in Syria

Napoleon
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Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars. As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, Napoleon dominated European and global affairs for more than a decade while leading France agai

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The Emperor Napoleon in His Study at the Tuileries, by Jacques-Louis David, 1812

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Imperial coat of arms

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Napoleon's father Carlo Buonaparte was Corsica 's representative to the court of Louis XVI of France.

Valet
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Valet and varlet are terms for male servants who serve as personal attendants to their employer. In the United States, the term most often refers to a parking valet, in English, valet as personal man-servant is recorded since 1567, though use of the term in the French-speaking English medieval court is older, and the variant form varlet is cited fr

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A 17th-century valet de chambre

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Carving of "Bazin", the valet to Aramis, of The Three Musketeers, was a studious person who later became a lay brother. (Thomas Nicholls carves him brushing his master's clothes whilst studying theology).

Chimera (mythology)
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The Chimera was, according to Greek mythology, a monstrous fire-breathing hybrid creature of Lycia in Asia Minor, composed of the parts of more than one animal. The seeing of a Chimera was an omen for disaster, elsewhere in the Iliad, Homer attributes the rearing of Chimera to Amisodorus. Her did Pegasus and noble Bellerophon slay, the author of th

2.
In some breeds the adult rooster can be distinguished from the hen by his larger comb

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Hen with chicks, India

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Chicken eggs vary in colour depending on the hen, typically ranging from bright white to shades of brown and even blue, green, and recently reported purple (found in South Asia) (Araucana varieties).

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Clockwise from top: Downtown Montreal as seen from the Champlain Bridge; McGill University; Saint Joseph's Oratory; the Old Montreal featuring the Montreal Clock Tower and the Jacques Cartier Bridge during the Montreal Fireworks Festival; a view of the Notre-Dame Basilica from Place d'Armes; and the Olympic Stadium.