The proposed studies will examine the extent of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between alcohol and various antiretroviral therapies in those with HIV/AIDS, HIV/HCV co-infection, mild HCV and healthy subjects.

10 subjects will be HIV+ and will begin receiving Ritonavir-containing regimen, and their PK interactions with alcohol/placebo will be evaluated.

Drug: Alcohol

Consumed orally as liquid mixed with a juice beverage, 1 g/kg formula, administered once at baseline and again at either 2 or 3 weeks

Other Name: grain alcohol

Drug: Alcohol placebo

Liquid alcohol spritzed on top of juice beverage immediately prior to administration in order to give smell of alcohol, administered once at baseline and again at either 2 or 3 weeks

Other Name: grain alcohol

Experimental: HIV+/HCV+ Co-infected, Ritonavir-regimen

10 subjects will be HIV+/HCV+ co-infected and will begin receiving Ritonavir-containing regimen, and their PK interactions with alcohol/placebo will be evaluated.

Drug: Alcohol

Consumed orally as liquid mixed with a juice beverage, 1 g/kg formula, administered once at baseline and again at either 2 or 3 weeks

Other Name: grain alcohol

Drug: Alcohol placebo

Liquid alcohol spritzed on top of juice beverage immediately prior to administration in order to give smell of alcohol, administered once at baseline and again at either 2 or 3 weeks

Other Name: grain alcohol

Experimental: HIV+, Efavirenz-regimen

10 subjects will be HIV+ and will begin receiving Efavirenz-containing regimen, and their PK interactions with alcohol/placebo will be evaluated.

Drug: Alcohol

Consumed orally as liquid mixed with a juice beverage, 1 g/kg formula, administered once at baseline and again at either 2 or 3 weeks

Other Name: grain alcohol

Drug: Alcohol placebo

Liquid alcohol spritzed on top of juice beverage immediately prior to administration in order to give smell of alcohol, administered once at baseline and again at either 2 or 3 weeks

Other Name: grain alcohol

Experimental: HIV+/HCV+ Co-infected, Efavirenz-regimen

10 subjects will be HIV+/HCV+ co-infected and will begin receiving Efavirenz-containing regimen, and their PK interactions with alcohol/placebo will be evaluated.

Drug: Alcohol

Consumed orally as liquid mixed with a juice beverage, 1 g/kg formula, administered once at baseline and again at either 2 or 3 weeks

Other Name: grain alcohol

Drug: Alcohol placebo

Liquid alcohol spritzed on top of juice beverage immediately prior to administration in order to give smell of alcohol, administered once at baseline and again at either 2 or 3 weeks

Other Name: grain alcohol

Experimental: Maraviroc in Healthy Subjects

10 healthy subjects will begin receiving maraviroc, and their PK interactions with alcohol/placebo will be evaluated.

Drug: Alcohol

Consumed orally as liquid mixed with a juice beverage, 1 g/kg formula, administered once at baseline and again at either 2 or 3 weeks

Other Name: grain alcohol

Drug: Alcohol placebo

Liquid alcohol spritzed on top of juice beverage immediately prior to administration in order to give smell of alcohol, administered once at baseline and again at either 2 or 3 weeks

Other Name: grain alcohol

Detailed Description:

The goal of this research study is to improve the clinical care of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected or HIV/Hepatitis C (HCV) co-infected, alcohol-using patients by identifying significant interactions which may occur between drugs commonly used to treat HIV disease known to be cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inducers or inhibitors and alcohol, the most frequently abused substance in the United States. We hypothesize that concomitant use of alcohol and currently utilized antiretroviral therapy (ART) will be associated with significant drug interactions including alteration of alcohol and ART pharmacokinetics as well as altered responses to alcohol administration. We plan to conduct alcohol and ART administration studies in 6 study samples (n=10 each): 1. those with HIV/AIDS and eligible for efavirenz-containing HAART, 2. those with HIV/AIDS and eligible for a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor based HAART, 3. those with HIV/AIDS and HCV eligible for an efavirenz-containing HAART, 4. those with HIV/AIDS and HCV eligible for a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor regimen, 5. healthy subjects taking clinically relevant doses of maraviroc and 6. those with mild HCV taking clinically relevant doses of maraviroc. Pharmacokinetics, subjective, and cognitive data will be serially collected over the course of study sessions where either alcohol or placebo is administered prior to and following ART. Data collected will elucidate the presence and clinical significance of drug interactions, both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic, between alcohol and ART in these populations.

Eligibility

Ages Eligible for Study:

21 Years and older

Genders Eligible for Study:

Both

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

Yes

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Participants will be diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C, mild Hepatitis C or will be healthy as determined by history and physical examination, screening laboratory tests and urinalysis, and will be eligible for treatment with HAART

Participants will be experienced with alcohol consumption

They may meet diagnostic criteria for alcohol abuse or non-physiological alcohol dependence, but may not be dependent on any other substances including opioids, stimulants, cannabis, hallucinogens or other substances, prescribed or illicit

For those with HCV coinfection, HCV must be at a stage consistent with no more than mild liver fibrosis (fibrosis stage assessed by two methods: the AST to platelet ratio (APRI) (at a score of <0.5 for eligibility) and the FIB-4 fibrosis index (score of <1.5 for eligibility), both of which indicate mild liver disease.)

Age 21 or older

Hemoglobin Men > 11 g/dL, Women > 10 g/dL5

Able to give voluntary, signed, informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients who are receiving concurrently other drugs that are inducers or inhibitors of hepatic microsomal enzymes

Patients with a known sensitivity to the HIV therapeutics to be studied

Pregnant women or nursing mothers.

All women who are sexually active and capable of becoming pregnant must have a negative pregnancy test within one week prior to entry into these studies.

Major psychotic illness or suicidality.

Clinically active hepatitis with liver enzyme elevations > 3 times the upper limit of normal or evidence of liver fibrosis at a stage indicative of greater than mild stage for fibrosis (see Inclusion Criteria).

Those with obesity (BMI > 30), diabetes, hyperlipidemia, coagulation disorders, or renal disease will be excluded.

Hemoglobin Men < 11 g/dL, Women < 10 g/dL

Physical dependence on alcohol.

Contacts and Locations

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To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the Contacts provided below.
For general information, see Learn About Clinical Studies.

Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00879047