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16. verbal nouns, participles

verbal noun (gerund)

Verbal noun (or gerund) is a word having grammatical behavior (e.g. cases, gender, ...) of a noun, but representing some process expressed by a verb. A verbal noun is a noun that is derived from a verb and that still can have a subject and a subject.

Verbal noun is made from the passive participle by adding the endings -ije. Verbal noun has neutral gender and is inflected by the soft neuter pattern polje, polja, polju, ...

Bog čudiesno iztvoriše (pf.) človieka.
= The God miraculously created a man. - normal clausečudiesne iztvorienije človieka ot Boga
= miraculous creation of a man by the God. - gerund with transformed subject (Bog), object (človiek) and adverb (čudiesno).Vieruju v čudiesne iztvorienije človieka ot Boga.= I believe in miraculous creation of a man by the God. - gerund used as an object in another clause

adjectival participles

Neoslavonic has atotal number offourparticipleshaving adjective behavior (e.g. gender, number and case in the same way as ordinary adjectives).Oneof them isalready known passive participle. But there are two passive participles: One is related to the past tense, second in related to the present tense. The same symmetry stands for two active participles. Please remember these symmetries:

All past-tense adjectival participles are made from the infinitive. There is only one pattern for the past-tense adjectival participles both for passive and active.

All present-tense related participles are made from the present-time stem. Symmetrical to the present tense conjugation, there are two patterns of present-tense adjectival participles (e.g. -eš→e/u and -iš→i/ju) both for passive and active.

table of Neoslavonic adjective participles

active

passive

present -eš pattern

-učy

-emy

present -iš pattern

-jučy

-imy

universal past pattern

-všy

-ny or -ty *

* rules for selecting -ny or -ty with corresponding vowel has been already described in the previous chapter.

Note that English has only two participles: present active and past passive. This means thatthe English speakerwill need to take care, that there are two tenses for both active and passive participle.

Adverbial participlesare similar to verbal nouns (gerunds). Both represent a process using different grammatical category (e.g. as a noun or as an adverb).

Adverbial participles are veryusefulin situationswhen we want toincorporateone clauseto another clause, if both clauseshave the samesubject. An adverbial participle behaves as an ordinary adverb and can be interpreted asthe secondauxiliary/subordinate verbto the main superordinate verb in the same sentence.

There are two adverbial participles: present and past. Adverbial participles are made from active adjectival participles by simple endings modification as follows:

table of Neoslavonic adverbial participles

present -eš pattern

-uč

present -iš pattern

-juč

universal past pattern

-v

note that these participles (as wellas ordinaryadverbs) do not have gender, number and cases

Both clauses have the same subject. We can merge them into the only one sentence as follows:Redaktor pišuč članek do novin slyši šum aut na ulice. = An editor (when writing an article for newspapers) hears thenoise ofcars on thestreet.The same sentence moved to the past time:Redaktor pišuč članek do novin je slyšel šum aut na ulice. = An editor (when writing an article for newspapers) have heard thenoise ofcars on thestreet.the same example of the past adverbial participle:

Both clauses have the same subject. We can merge them into the only one sentence as follows:Redaktor dopisav članek do novin slyši šum aut na ulice. = An editor (after writing an article for newspapers) hears thenoise ofcars on thestreet.The same sentence moved to the past time:Redaktor dopisav članek do novin je slyšel šum aut na ulice. = An editor (after writing an article for newspapers) have heard thenoise ofcars on thestreet.