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Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was not linked to insulin sensitivity or beta-cell function among healthy black and white youths between the ages of 8 and 18, according to a study in Diabetes Care.

Canadian researchers found short-term intensive insulin therapy was associated with reductions in glycemic variability, which in turn may help boost beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, only those who attained a 25% or higher increase in Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 attained lower glycemic variability, researchers reported in Diabetes Care.

A study in Diabetes showed gastric bypass surgery helped improve glucose tolerance, beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. However, researchers also noted worse endogenous glucose production in response to a stimulus in those who had diabetes.

A 12-year study from Denmark found that reduced abdominal muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in youth had an independent association with adverse levels of fasting insulin, insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function when subjects entered young adulthood. The findings, based on 317 youths, were published in the journal Diabetes Care.

A study in Diabetes found variants in the genes TCF7L2, WFS1 and KCNQ1, which are linked to type 2 diabetes, did not trigger GLP-1-induced insulin secretion in healthy individuals. The presence of the genetic variants also did not appear to impact beta-cell responsiveness to GLP-1 infusion and hyperglycemia, researchers noted.