I'm trying to figure out how to enable some controls, but can't find
a single thing online that references this topic. The controls are
defined in the ldap.h file (please see below), but when I query my
directory for supported controls it does not show them in the list.

What software is your directory running? How are you querying the LDAP
server? If it is OpenLDAP that the server is running, what OpenLDAP
release is it?

The OpenLDAP version is irrelevant since no version of OpenLDAP slapd
implements those controls.