Expanding the disaster risk management framework: Measuring the constructed level of national identity as a factor of political risk

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Abstract

Political risk is identified as a dominant risk category of disaster risk management (DRM)
which could negatively affect the success of those measures implemented to reduce disaster
risk. Key to political risk is the construct of national identity which, if poorly constructed,
could greatly contribute to political risk. This article proposed a tool to measure the construct
of national identity and to provide recommendations to strengthen the construct in order to
mitigate the exacerbating influence it may have on political risk and ultimately on DRM. The
design of the measurement tool consisted of a mixed methodological approach employing
both quantitative and qualitative data. The data collection instruments included a literature
review (which is shortly provided in the previous sections) and an empirical study that utilised
data obtained through structured questionnaires. Although the results of the proposed
measuring instrument did not include a representative sample of all the cultures in South Africa,
the results alluded to different levels for the construction of national identity among black and
white respondents, possibly because of different ideological expectations among these groups.
The results of the study should be considered as a validation of the measuring tool and not
necessarily of the construct of national identity in South Africa. The measuring tool is thus
promising for future studies to reduce political risk and ultimately disaster risk.