Which of the following is an effect of exercise on protein metabolism?

Protein synthesis is inhibited during exercise

Which of the following are features of physical activity and exercise?

Exercise, but not physical activity, is thought to be vigorous, structured, and planned

What nutrient is important in the transport of oxygen in blood and in muscle tissue and in energy transformation reactions?

iron

Why should fiber-rich foods be avoided in an athlete's pregame meal?

The fiber retains water in the GI tract that would otherwise be absorbed

Which of the following is a characteristic of sodium in athletes?

There is a direct correlation between heat-induced cramps and the amount of sodium lost in the sweat

What is the name of the biochemical pathway describing the conversion of lactate to glucose?

Cori cycle

The effect of regular exercise on heart and lung function is known as

cardiorespiratory conditioning.

A muscle that increases in size in response to use is an example of

hypertrophy.

Which of the following is least likely to affect the size of the body's glycogen stores?

Type of supplements taken

n the endurance athlete, the first priority of nutrient repletion should be

glycogen

What is the predominant fuel used by muscle cells during low- or moderate-intensity activity?

Fat

Which of the following describes fat utilization during physical activity?

Fat represents the major fuel source during sustained, moderate activity

What is the minimum amount of fluid that an athlete should drink for each pound of body weight lost during an activity?

1/2 liter

Which of the following is a feature of specific ergogenic aids?

Contain nutrients or nutritional substances inquantities much greater than the RDA or that found in food.Produce a pseudo pharmacological (druglike) effect that may improve performance.Are often not scientifically tested or proven to enhance performance.Are often promoted by anecdotal evidence or testimonials from famous athletes.Are very fashionable and can often be regarded as a fad.Are usually very expensive.

What should be the composition of the last (pregame) meal before an athletic event?

High-carbohydrate, low-fiber, providing 300 to 800 kcal

What high-energy compound acts as a reservoir of energy for the maintenance of a steady supply of ATP?

Creatine phosphate

What may, in part, account for the reduced risk of gallbladder disease in women who engage in regular physical activity?

Alteration of hormonal profile

Athletes can safely add muscle tissue by

putting a demand on muscles repeatedly by making them work harder.

n the endurance athlete, the first priority of nutrient repletion should be

glycogen

What is muscle atrophy?

Loss of muscle size and strength

What is the Cori cycle?

A process in the liver that regenerates glucose from lactate released by muscles

Which of the following is a characteristic of glycogen synthesis after a bout of strenuous training?

Glycogen repletion is enhanced most by eating foods with a high glycemic index

Which of the following is a characteristic of sports anemia?

It is a temporary condition requiring no treatment

Which of the following ergogenic aids increases the risk for acromegaly?

Growth hormone

In weight training, muscle strength can best be emphasized by combining a