A 100-kilometre long array of earthquake sensors on the Raukumara Peninsula will help scientists build a clearer picture of New Zealand’s most dangerous fault line.

During this week scientists from New Zealand, led by GNS Science, and the United States will use seismographs at 700 locations between Gisborne and Ōpōtiki to collect valuable insights into the Hikurangi Subduction Zone, the fault that lies under New Zealand’s East Coast.

A large earthquake along the Hikurangi Subduction Zone could cause a devastating tsunami, and a better understanding of the fault will help communities along the East Coast, and other potentially affected parts of New Zealand, become better prepared.

The seismographs will be placed 150 metres apart from coast to coast, and energy will be generated in boreholes which will send a radiating signal to be recorded by the instruments.

The readings will help scientists build a three-dimensional image of sub-surface rock structures, giving more information about the structure of the plate boundary zone.

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We can use the knowledge gained from this project to help understand other subduction zones around the wold and the devastating earthquakes they can generate

Dr van Avendonk

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“This technique is like producing a CAT scan of the Earth's crust,” says project co-ordinator Stuart Henrys from GNS Science.

“We know that in this region, the Pacific tectonic plate is being forced under the Australian plate – but in some places the plates are stuck, and the energy could be released in future earthquakes.

"We have a limited knowledge of how the plates are sliding past each other, so we’ll combine results from this project with our previous fieldwork to find out more about where the plates meet.

“The research will also reveal why some parts are locked and other parts are sliding freely."

This is one of several projects involving teams of scientists from around the world researching the Hikurangi Subduction Zone.

Harm van Avendonk from the University of Texas is the lead US scientist on the project, and he says the multiple projects represent a “step change” in understanding how subduction zones work.

“We can use the knowledge gained from this project to help understand other subduction zones around the wold and the devastating earthquakes they can generate,” Dr van Avendonk said.