Don't let it get away!

This was supposed to be a time for a nuclear revival in the U.S. The U.S. Department of Energy has a loan guarantee program with tens of billions of dollars that were earmarked to bring costs down for billions of dollars in debt to build new reactors. But the construction boom as stalled out before it ever got started. Now, the boom in nuclear construction appears all but dead.

Nuclear plant expansions and newbuilds have barely gotten off the drawing board, older plants are closing, and the worst part is that ratepayers across the country are going to foot most of the bill for the nuclear industry's demise.

Promising pojects that never got off the groundDuke Energy's (NYSE: DUK) gave up on a $24 billion nuclear project in Levy County, Florida in early August because of delays and doubts it could recover costs.

NRG Energy (NYSE: NRG) gave up on expanding its South Texas Project in 2011, costing the company $481 million in a writedown. The project was to add two reactors to two existing reactors but cost overruns and low natural gas costs made it les economical than originally planned.

Electricite de France just reached a deal to potentially sell its nuclear operations to Exelon (NYSE: EXC) after the Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Power Plant expansion stalled and costs skyrocketed. The reactors that are currently operating are even running into trouble with one reactor shut down after a control rod dropped into the reactor . Oops!

There were also expansion projects in Prairie Island in Minnesota , LaSalle in Illinois, and Limerick in Pennsylvania that never got off the ground because of low cost natural gas and wind generation.

These new projects were the foundation of an industry revival but natural gas, wind, and solar have gotten in the way.

The old guard of nuclear is fading It's also important to note that existing capacity is also being shut down, a sign that even older plants can't operate safely or cost efficiently. Entergy (NYSE: ETR) decided to shut down the Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant last month, a decision that was cheered by local residents who have argued for years that the plant is unsafe. But in the end it was costs that caused Vermont Yankee to be shut down, with Entergy CEO Leo Denault saying "The plant was no longer financially viable."

Edison International's San Onofre Nuclear Plant in California was shut down for a year due to a radioactive leak before the company decided to shut it down altogether . A Kewaunee nuclear power plant in Wisconsin was shut down earlier this year and will be decommissioned by Dominion, the first time a non-regulated power provider will shut down such a project. Duke also announced the closure of its Crystal River nuclear plant earlier this year .

Since the last new nuclear plant built in the U.S. broke ground in 1977 it's easy to see that more closures will be coming. Nuclear plants aren't expected to last forever and slowly the aging fleet will shut down like the plants above have.

New reactors are costing a fortune One project that is going forward is Southern Company's (NYSE: SO) Vogtle 3 & 4 expansion. The project got a conditional $8.33 billion loan guarantee from the Department of Energy in 2010 but since then has been a disaster of delays and cost overruns.

Georgia Power, Southern Company's subsidiary, is building the project and originally was budgeted for $14 billion. But it has run into delays and lawsuits as designs have changed and last month asked for another $737 million in overrun budget that could be passed on to ratepayers.

The great thing about building nuclear power in many states is that you can pass project costs on to ratepayers years before a power plant generates any power. If the plant is never finished it's no skin off the utility's back and ratepayers have hundreds of million of costs that went nowhere. That's exactly what Georgia Power is doing to its customers and with Wall Street downgrading Southern Company's debt and stock, the loan guarantee's final agreement at an impasse, and realistic expectations now for a $20 billion budget I doubt the project will ever be completed.

What if it is completed? A standard 10% return on capital of $20 billion would yield costs of $0.104 per kW-hr before buying fuel or paying a penny to operate the plant. Just capital costs alone are not competitive with natural gas or even large-scale solar plants at today's costs. Nuclear power has proven to be uneconomical today in energy. That's why it will continue to die here in the U.S.

Natural gas, not nuclear is the futureNuclear power was a key for energy in the 20th century but the future in the U.S. lies with natural gas. For this reason, the Motley Fool is offering a comprehensive look at three energy companies set to soar during this transformation in the energy industry. To find out which three companies are spreading their wings, check out the special free report, "3 Stocks for the American Energy Bonanza." Don't miss out on this timely opportunity; click here to access your report -- it's absolutely free.

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It's too bad nuclear is on life support in the U.S. In Canada it is thriving. Here is a Sept 13 article: Nuclear power: Ontario's reliable, affordable, environmentally responsible and safe choice for electricity and jobs "Thanks to nuclear power, Ontario next year will become the first North American province or state to eliminate coal-fired electrical production."

Save your lies and fearmongering for the next Greenpiss meeting. Neo-Luddites will grasp any off-the-wall 1 in a million freak accident as "0N N0ES!!! D00MZDAYZ!!!1111oneone" to fool people back into turning the clock to the pre-Industrial Revolution.

Mark Goldes, starting in the mid-seventies, engaged for several years in the pretense that his company SunWind Ltd was developing a nearly production-ready, road-worthy, wind-powered "windmobile," based on the windmobile invented by James Amick; and that therefore SunWind would be a wonderful investment opportunity.

After SunWind "dried up" in 1983, Goldes embarked on the long-running pretense that his company Room Temperature Superconductors Inc was developing room-temperature superconductors; and that therefore Room Temperature Superconductors Inc would be a wonderful investment opportunity. He continues the pretense that the company developed something useful, even to this day.

And then Goldes embarked on the pretense that his company Magnetic Power Inc was developing "NO FUEL ENGINES" based on "Virtual Photon Flux;" and then, on the pretense that MPI was developing horn-powered "NO FUEL ENGINES" based on the resonance of magnetized tuning-rods; and then, on the pretense that his company Chava Energy was developing water-fueled engines based on "collapsing hydrogen orbitals;" and then, on the pretense that he was developing ambient-heat-powered "NO FUEL ENGINES." Goldes has even claimed that Jacob T. Wainwright already patented an ambient-heat-powered engine 100 years ago - even though Wainwright himself certainly never made any such claim, at all. Wainwright's only patent for a turbine or engine was not for any ambient-heat-powered engine, but for a pressurized-gaseous-fluid-powered engine. The innovation of the patent was the use of water to reduce speed - not any use of ambient heat.

Goldes' forty-year career of "revolutionary invention" pretense has nothing to do with science, but only with pseudoscience and pseudophysics - his lifelong stock-in-trade.

I have spent months investigating the career of Mark Goldes, Aesop Institute's Perpetual Scam Machine.

1976: Goldes seeks investors with fraudulent claims to have developed a nearly production-ready, road-worthy, wind-propelled, wind-rechargeable "windmobile" that could reach 60 mph. Goldes has never developed any roadworthy windmobile.

1998: Goldes fools the gullible US Air Force with his "room temperature superconductor" scam, receiving over four hundred thousand dollars in "Innovative Research" grants. Goldes has never produced any superconductor.

2005: Goldes seeks investors with fraudulent claims that his company, MPI, is developing "Magnetic Power Modules" based on "Virtual Photon Flux."

2008: Goldes seeks investors with fraudulent claims that "MPI is also developing breakthrough magnetic energy technologies including POWERGENIE (Power Generation of Electricity by Nondestructive Interference of Energy)." The basic idea of POWERGENIE is to generate electricity from sound energy, by blowing a horn at a magnetized tuning rod. Goldes claims to have "run an electric car for more than 4,800 miles with no need to plug-in." According to Goldes, "[MPI] Revenues from licenses and Joint Ventures are conservatively projected to exceed $1 billion annually by 2012."

2009: Goldes seeks investors with fraudulent claims that his latest scamporation, Chava Energy, "has been developing enhanced theoretical and practical paths that lead towards commercialization of energy conversion systems that utilize hydrinos." He now claims to be "developing a Self Powered Internal Combustion Engine – SPICE(tm) powered by hydrinos." ("Hydrinos" are pure fiction and do not exist.)

"For over 20 years Mark Goldes has claimed his company MPI has been developing machines that generate energy for free. In over 20 years his company has not presented one shred of evidence that they can build such machines...

"For the past five years Mark Goldes has been promising generators 'next year.' He has never delivered. Like 'Alice in Wonderland' there will always be jam tomorrow, but never jam today."

- Penny Gruber, December 2008

- Gruber's comment was written almost five years ago - but it's just as true today - except that MPI, Goldes' corporation that he claimed would bring in one billion dollars in revenue from his horn-powered generator in 2012, is now defunct, having never produced any "Magnetic Power Modules" - just as his company called "Room Temperature Superconductors Inc" is also now defunct, having never produced any "room temperature superconductors." Evidently there's a limit to how many years in a row the same company can claim it will finally have something to demonstrate "next year." Now Goldes has a new scamporation, Chava Energy.

Goldes' current favorite scam is an engine that would run on ambient heat - which is clearly ruled out by the Second Law of Thermodynamics. But of course, the laws of physics always make an exception for the scams of Mark Goldes.

Mark Goldes is a textbook-ready example of a highly talented con artist who clearly takes pleasure in fooling people with his ludicrous claims, artfully peppered with pseudoscientific rubbish.

Make no mistake: Mark Goldes' scamtastic Aesop Institute is a ZERO-STAR nonprofit.

Let's look at just one example of Goldes' offerings in "revolutionary new technology:"

Most Ludicrous Scamvention: Mark Goldes' "POWERGENIE"

One of the most laughable of Mark Goldes' many invention scams is his "POWERGENIE" horn-powered generator. The brilliant idea of this revolutionary breakthrough is to blow a horn at a magnetized tuning rod, designed to resonate at the frequency of the horn, and then collect the electromotive energy produced by the vibrations of the rod.

I'm not making this up.

POWERGENIE tuning rod engine explained - from the patent:

[The device incorporates] "an energy transfer and multiplier element being constructed of a ferromagnetic substance... having a natural resonance, due to a physical structure whose dimensions are directly proportional to the wavelength of the resonance frequency..."

"In this resonant condition, the rod material functions as a tuned waveguide, or longitudinal resonator, for acoustic energy."

"Ferrite rod 800 is driven to acoustic resonance at the second harmonic of its fundamental resonant frequency by acoustic horn 811, resulting in acoustic wave 816 within the rod having two nodal points... Bias magnet 801 produces magnetic flux 802 extending axially through both nodal points developed within rod 800... The sum electromotive force of coils 820 and 821 develops electrical current and power in resistive load 830."

- But the patent doesn't tell us who is going to volunteer to blow the horn at the rod all day. Perhaps it will come with an elephant.

Goldes claimed in 2008 that this wonderful triumph of human genius would bring his company, Magnetic Power Inc, one billion dollars in annual revenue by 2012. Magnetic Power Inc is now defunct, having never produced any "Magnetic Power Modules" - just as his company called "Room Temperature Superconductors Inc" is also now defunct, having never produced any "room temperature superconductors."

Patent 1050410 is for a "Motive-power turbine." It is not for a "heat engine," at all.

The innovation described by this patent consists in the idea of using a secondary fluid (such as water) to decrease the speed of rotation of the rotor in a high-pressure-gaseous-fluid-propelled turbine.

This patent has absolutely NOTHING to do with utilizing ambient heat for power. It is also does not in the slightest degree demonstrate any limitation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. There is not the slightest degree of truth in Goldes' claim that it did so.

Goldes knows very well that Wainwright's turbine patent has nothing to do with ambient heat and certainly does not demonstrate any limitation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

Goldes' lies about the Wainwright patent are deeply revealing. They show very clearly the essential dishonesty and lack of integrity which has characterized his career for the past forty years.

Still bullish on Exelon and Southern Company? Why?!? Perhaps Motley Fool should read the article! This was a situation that was foreseeable. The cost estimates of nuclear power plants have always been unreasonable. Now, merely replacing parts is pricing existing nuclear power reactors out of their own captive markets! Crystal River couldn't repair their dome cost-effectively, and San Onofre's owners also claim it wasn't the activists (my buddies and me!) that got it closed, it was the cost/benefit analysis. Well, except for one thing: That's exactly what the activists have been saying: These things aren't worth it. The waste problem hasn't been solved -- as any competent judge can tell you -- and has told the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, who were forced to start new hearings next month on the subject -- 65 years late. Dry cask storage is a cheap and ineffective scam to keep a corrupt industry going -- one that has been on life support for decades, really, feeding at the trough of the ratepayer, forced to pay exorbitant rates by government commissions making backroom deals with the utilities. A Fukushima accident was predictable and in fact, three GE engineers quit decades ago over the scenario that actually unfolded at Fukushima on March 11, 2011. And the 23 similar reactors in the U.S.? They need to ALL be closed or we -- America -- could experience a trillion-dollar financial loss due to a "station blackout." Stock in Exelon, Duke, Entergy, Southern Co. and the other nuke companies won't look very good after an American Fukushima, and anyone calling what happened there a "one in a million" event hasn't been paying attention to how close we came to our own meltdowns time and again here in America (Davis-Besse 2002, for example). Every reactor type has its weaknesses. Time will reveal them all.

Mark Goldes' proofless claims regarding his Aesop Institute's make-believe strictly ambient heat engine do not represent any new technology, or even a new pretense - they merely represent a rather old pretense.

"Before the establishment of the Second Law, many people who were interested in inventing a perpetual motion machine had tried to circumvent the restrictions of First Law of Thermodynamics by extracting the massive internal energy of the environment as the power of the machine. Such a machine is called a "perpetual motion machine of the second kind". The second law declared the impossibility of such machines."

"A perpetual motion machine of the second kind is a machine which spontaneously converts thermal energy into mechanical work. When the thermal energy is equivalent to the work done, this does not violate the law of conservation of energy. However it does violate the more subtle second law of thermodynamics (see also entropy). The signature of a perpetual motion machine of the second kind is that there is only one heat reservoir involved, which is being spontaneously cooled without involving a transfer of heat to a cooler reservoir. This conversion of heat into useful work, without any side effect, is impossible, according to the second law of thermodynamics."

Goldes' make-believe ambient-heat-powered engine would be a perpetual motion machine of the second kind, as defined above. Goldes is not developing any such engine; he is merely developing a pretense - as usual.

Goldes' ambient-heat-powered engine would not merely "circumvent" the Second Law of Thermodynamics - it would actually DISPROVE the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

An engine that uses ambient heat would need to be able to DECREASE the entropy of the universe. The Second Law tells us that we can never decrease the entropy of the universe, or of an isolated system.

As a consequence of this law:

"It is impossible for any device operating on a cycle to produce net work from a single temperature reservoir; the production of net work requires flow of heat from a hotter reservoir to a colder reservoir."

In the make-believe ambient-heat-powered engine there are not two heat reservoirs at different temperatures; no reservoir would be available at any temperature other than the ambient temperature. No matter what cycle we design with this constraint, we will find that the cycle would have to be able to decrease the entropy of the universe in order to do any work.

The formulation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics as a constraint on entropy change is one of the most beautifully simple, and well-established, laws of physics.

The Second Law tells us that we can never build an engine that does some work with heat taken from a heat reservoir, without also transferring some heat to another reservoir at a lower temperature.

An equivalent statement is that we can't decrease the total entropy of an isolated system.

The entropy change differential due to heat transfer to or from a reservoir is inversely related to the temperature at which the transfer occurs. The consequence is that transferring heat INTO a cold reservoir produces a larger GAIN in entropy, than the LOSS of entropy that occurs due to transfer of the same amount of heat FROM a hot reservoir. This noteworthy and remarkable inequality enables a heat engine to use some heat to do some work without violating the Second Law - as long as it can make use of two different heat reservoirs, at different temperatures. The ambient-heat-powered engine only involves a single reservoir, at a single temperature (at any given moment). When it reduces the entropy of the reservoir by using some of the heat to do work, it has no way to compensate by increasing the entropy anywhere else. Therefore we know for certain that the engine will disappoint us. It will never be able to do any work.

In Mark Goldes' patent application for his "POWERGENIE" horn-powered tuning-rod engine, he described the tuning-rod as "an energy transfer and multiplier element."

But of course, for the tuning-rod to "multiply" energy, it would need to disprove the law of conservation of energy. (Obviously the Patent Office should never have allowed such a description.)

Goldes' use of the term "energy multiplier element" reflects his pretense that the "revolutionary breakthrough" of the amazing "POWERGENIE" could disprove the law of conservation of energy, by presenting the world with a working "energy multiplier."

Goldes even claimed in 2008 that the POWERGENIE had been demonstrated already in an electric car, driven 4800 miles by his energy-multiplying horn-powered tuning-rod.

But it seems that most people, for some reason, had difficulty accepting the notion that the law of conservation of energy could be proven false.

And Goldes no doubt noticed that the Second Law of Thermodynamics - that "the entropy of an isolated system tends to increase with time and can never decrease" - is much less clear to most people than the conservation of energy.

So now, after leaving aside the pretense that he could somehow "multiply energy" with a magnetized tuning-rod, Goldes has chosen to focus, instead, on the pretense that he can disprove the Second Law with an engine powered by ambient heat.

There is no "new science" in any of Goldes' "revolutionary breakthroughs." There is only pseudoscience and pretense - and nothing new, at all.

After founding Magnetic Power Inc in the mid-eighties, Mark Goldes and MPI proceeded to develop most of the fraudcraftings which would serve as Goldes’ offerings in fraudcraft for the next thirty years, not only at MPI, but also at Chava Energy LLC, and at his so-called “Aesop Institute.” Goldes’ partnership with Hagen Ruff, the other Co-founder (as well as CEO) of Chava Energy LLC, gave the Goldes-MPI fraudcraft a new lease on life, and accordingly it may now be termed most properly the “Goldes-Ruff Fraudcraft.” For the past five years or more, while serving as a Co-founder and a Chief Officer of Chava Energy LLC, Goldes used his mgoldes @ chavaenergy dot com email address as his Aesop Institute email address as well, at least until his very recent ejection from Chava Energy. In practice, Goldes made continual use of Aesop Institute to bring investors to Chava Energy, which for five years has based its pretenses on nearly all the same fraudcraft used by Goldes at Aesop Institute. The common fraudcraft included the fraudcraftings of pretended development of water-fueled “Fractional Hydrogen” engines, of generators supposedly powered by Zero Point Energy, of “Ultraconductor” wire and “Ultraconductor” energy storage systems, and of strictly ambient heat engines – along with endless false claims that these concepts were currently being “prototyped,” and would soon provide wonderful alternatives to fossil fuels.

1. Introduction.

The Goldes-Ruff fraudcraft has included no less than seven major fraudcraftings, as we have chosen to call them. All but one of them – Aesop Institute’s so-called “Fuel-Free Turbine” – were already in use by Goldes’ company MPI at the time Goldes and Ruff co-founded Chava Energy LLC.

We will first provide a list of the seven fraudcraftings, and then discuss each of them in detail.

Here then is a list of the seven Goldes-Ruff Fraudcraftings used by MPI, Chava Energy LLC, and Aesop Institute:

“Chava uses the terms f/H for fractional Hydrogen and for commercial purposes ECHO™ – Energy from Collapsing Hydrogen Orbits. Converting Hydrogen to f/H releases hundreds of times the power of Hydrogen combustion with oxygen.

“The energy released from the conversion of one barrel of Hydrogen to fractional Hydrogen is equal to the energy from burning 200 barrels of oil.

“Conversion of Hydrogen to fractional Hydrogen releases hundreds of times more energy than achievable by burning Hydrogen, though not as much energy from a nuclear reaction. However the energy released by conversion to fractional hydrogen is completely safe and does not generate any radioactive products or other hazards from nuclear reactions. Furthermore, the cost will be far lower than from fossil fueled or nuclear plants. ECHO systems may dramatically accelerate independence from fossil fuels.

“Chava work with fractional quantum states of Hydrogen has opened a path to a new concept we call SPICE — Self Powered Internal Combustion Engine.

“A Self Powered Internal Combustion Engine – SPICE, will open a cost-competitive alternative to fossil fuels and nuclear power. Importantly, it can be sized for use in automotive applications. By implementing a revolutionary clean technology as a retrofit for current car engines we can make a very large impact quickly – eliminating pollution from burning fuel in cars and producing a lot of clean energy cheaply. With engines able to run using small amounts of water in a clean and safe way, we can now leave cars running when appropriately parked, as mobile power plants delivering electricity to the grid. Owners with SPICE powered cars would produce far more power than they need to run their homes. SPICE powered cars and trucks could also power places where we work.

“A SPICE in a hybrid car is expected to have a fuel requirement of only one gallon of water for each 1,000 miles of driving… Imagine the positive impact on the economy and the environment of future cars, trucks and buses that need no conventional fuel or recharge, and can pay for themselves over time. This can become a near-term and less expensive alternative to building new coal burning or nuclear power plants.”

Here is what the physicist Andreas Rathke had to say in 2005 about Mills’ theory of “Classical Quantum Mechanics,” on which both Mills’ “hydrinos” and Goldes’ “fractional hydrogen” are supposedly based:

“In this paper, we have considered the theoretical foundations of the hydrino hypothesis, both within the theoretical framework of CQM, in which hydrinos were originally suggested, and within standard quantum mechanics. We found that CQM is inconsistent and has several serious deficiencies. Amongst these are the failure to reproduce the energy levels of the excited states of the hydrogen atom, and the absence of Lorentz invariance. Most importantly, we found that CQM does not predict the existence of hydrino states! Also, standard quantum mechanics cannot encompass hydrino states, with the properties currently attributed to them. Hence there remains no theoretical support of the hydrino hypothesis.”

2.2. The First And Second “MagGen” ZPE Generator Fraudcrafting

let’s look at some of the flimflam Chava Energy previously posted on their website regarding the “MagGen” devices, until its very recent removal:

“Our MagGen™ magnetic generators convert abundant, ambient and renewable energy sources that exist everywhere in the universe. Power Units can be small and lightweight, and made from non-toxic materials.”

“Chava has two U.S. Patents patents aimed at commercialization under the trademark of MagGen™. Patents #7,830,065 and #8,093,869 cover solid-state (no moving parts) magnetic generators. An early prototype produced an output, at a very low power level, of more than 100 times the input.

“The first patent titled ‘Solid State Electric Generator,’ was issued Nov 9,2010. The second titled ‘Apparatus for Generating Electricity…’ issued January 10,2012. Several prototypes of more advanced devices have been built and an additional, very broad, patent application has also been filed. All power generation modules can be combined, in a manner similar to solar cells, to provide larger amounts of power. We expect to file an additional thirty (30) patents over the next three (3) years for various magnetic power device designs.”

“Chava expects, within three years, of creating prototype Chava Energy™ conversion systems to provide power for automobiles.”

“Several prototypes of more advanced devices have been built and thirty (30) additional patents are expected to be filed over the next thirty-six (36) months for various families of magnetic power devices.”

“RESIDENTIAL GENERATORS for off-grid customers will be an early market product. Today, generators are typically powered by gasoline. In the aftermath of disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, and typhoons, power is often unavailable; such early devices, without requiring fuel, will make a crucial difference. Mobile power generators will be a key resource for government emergency agencies and rural communities.

“Chava expects, within three years, of creating prototype Chava Energy™ conversion systems to provide power for automobiles. This eliminates the need for large batteries and for electrical recharging stations. That goal may be reached faster if our engineering development teams work on a 24/7 basis. The conversion systems will open a path to mass production of entirely new varieties of automotive power plants. Other industries will follow soon after the key markets of residential and automotive power.“

2.3. The Ambient Temperature Thermionic Converter Fraudcrafting

The most minimal of the Goldes-Ruff fraudcraftings, their Ambient Temperature Thermionic Converter apparently never included much more than a few sentences on the Chava Energy website, based on a brief Proposal by Cyril Smith:

“Chava is planning to introduce a thermionic converter which will extract ambient heat from the environment and efficiently convert this heat into electrical energy.

“At first sight it appears that this system is prohibited by the laws of physics. No power is supplied but, as if by magic, the system pumps heat and transfers it into an electrical load.

“Recent work supports this idea. Xin Yong Fu and Zi Tao Fu at Jiao Tong University, in Shanghai, performed an experiment described in their paper: Realization of Maxwell’s Hypothesis.

“With no magnetic field present, although electrons thermally emitted from one electrode can reach the other, by symmetry the reverse reaction is true and no detectable current flows. However when a magnetic field was applied current flow from one electrode to the other was observed.

“But, where the Chinese device produced only tiny current from the thermal emissions, the Chava AHE Thermionic device is expected to produce significantly higher current, hence much greater power levels.”

The fraudcrafting above – recently removed from chavaenergy.com – quotes a sentence from a certain Proposal by Cyril Smith that leaves the impression that Chava had already created this magical device. In fact, Cyril Smith later wrote a Critique of his own proposal, and it was never “developed” at all.

2.4. The Srictly Ambient Heat Engine Fraudcrafting

Mark Goldes claims that “Patent pending desktop piston engines that will run 24/7 on the thermal energy in atmospheric heat are being prototyped.”

In fact, the worthless ambient heat engine concept at the center of Goldes’ flimflam is a certain utterly ludicrous exercise in silliness, produced by Kenneth Rauen, that does not have any “patent pending” and never will. It consists of nothing more than several cylinders containing pistons connected to a crankshaft, with various open channels between some of the cylinders. There is nothing to make the pistons move or the crankshaft turn. Rauen has written many pages of tedious nonsense attempting to argue that the engine would work. It certainly will not work, and Rauen certainly knows that it will not work, and so does Goldes.

Kenneth Rauen's Ambient Heat "Engine"

At any given time and place, the atmosphere only provides a single heat reservoir at a single temperature. In order for a cyclic heat engine to do any work, it must be provided not merely with a single heat reservoir, but with two heat reservoirs, at different temperatures. This is an inescapable consequence of one of the most well-established principles in all of physics: the Second Law of Thermodynamics.

To people who have never studied thermodynamics, it might seem that nothing more should be needed to power a heat engine than a reservoir of heat. However, that is not so. In order to do any work, a cyclic heat engine must utilize not just one, but two heat reservoirs, at different temperatures. This has been understood at least since 1824, when Sadi Carnot presented an equation relating the maximum possible efficiency of a heat engine to the temperatures of the two reservoirs. When the two reservoirs are both at the same temperature, the maximum possible efficiency is zero percent: the engine can do no work at all.

Goldes falsely claims that “Two decades of physics research indicate not only that this [single-reservoir atmospheric heat engine] may be possible, but that there exist exploitable exceptions to the current interpretation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics.”

2.5. The “Fuel Free Turbine” Fraudcrafting

Mark Goldes’ latest adventure in flimflam is to declare that a “FUEL-FREE TURBINE invented by a Russian scientist runs on atmospheric pressure.”

But when we read the patent application, we find that actually the turbine does NOT run on atmospheric pressure – it requires compressed air. This is clearly indicated even in the article by Kondrashov posted by Goldes on his flimflam website. Kondrashov says:

“To create a sample of such an engine, you can use ready-made devices, such as a load-bearing element – a low-power turbine module turboshaft turbine engine, and to compress the air… any type of compressor…”

Kondrashov filed his patent application in 2003. No patent was awarded.

Mark Goldes assures us in his note prefacing Kondrashov’s article that “We understand the science behind this jet engine.” But since he incorrectly describes it as an engine powered by “atmospheric pressure” – which it certainly is not – in fact he shows that he doesn’t even understand that the engine requires a supply of compressed air in order to spin at all.

Although Kondrashov does pretend in some of his statements that the turbine will be powered by “atmospheric pressure,” in fact it is evident from his application that the proposed turbine is made to spin only by the use of compressed air.

In his patent application, Kondrashov states:

“To set the above engine in operation, it is necessary to create pressure of working medium (e.g. air) in pneumatic accumulator 18. The compressed air is fed through check valve 19 and/or 20.”

Thus, Kondrashov indicates that an external compressor must be used to fill the turbine’s compressed air tank before the turbine can be started. But he tries to pretend that once the turbine starts to spin, there will be no further reliance on the external compressor – the spinning turbine itself will compress the air that is making the turbine spin. So despite his own false description of the turbine as making use of “low-grade atmospheric energy,” what Kondrashov actually presents in his patent application is a perpetual motion machine in the form of a self-powered air compressor. This is probably the reason why no patent was awarded. It is exactly analogous to trying to use a generator to power a motor to spin the generator to power the motor to spin the generator. It doesn’t work.

For more information on the “FUEL-FREE TURBINE,” please see the Notes.

2.6. The “Ultraconductor” Fraudcrafting

“Our patented Ultraconductor™ technology provides revolutionary zero resistivity conductive at room temperature polymer materials. Their behavior is identical to that of superconductors, but without the need for cryogenic cooling. “

“ULTRACONDUCTOR™ defined: An electrical conductor, similar to present-day superconductors, having zero measurable electrical resistance in one dimension. They consist of organic polymers that exhibit electrical resistance much lower than the best metallic conductors and are considered a novel state of matter.

“Ultraconductors™ are patented materials being developed for commercial applications with the support of Chava Energy and are the subject of a landmark U.S. Patent 5,777,292, U.S. Patent 6,804,105 and equivalent patents pending worldwide.

“Ultraconductors™ are the result of more than 16 years of prior scientific research, peer-reviewed publication, independent laboratory testing, and 8 years of engineering development. From an engineering perspective, Ultraconductors™ are a fundamentally new and enabling technology, a ‘re lightweight, flexible, transparent medium possessing magnetic, electric, and electronic properties with exceptionally high commercial value. This technology was independently reproduced for the United States Air Force. Chava Energy continues to develop and improve upon wire and cable using room temperature polymer superconductive materials.

“Ultraconductor™ polymers are the only known materials of their kind and our proprietary technology includes the materials, means of fabrication, and application types. Ultimately, Ultraconductors™ offer unprecedented high performance and energy efficiency across a very broad range of products. They are made by the sequential processing of amorphous polar dielectric elastomers.

“Ultraconductors™ exhibit a set of anomalous magnetic and electric properties, including: very high electrical conductivity (> 1011 S/cm -1) and current densities (> 5 x 108 A/cm2), over a wide temperature range (1.8 to 700 K).

“The Ultraconductor™ properties are measured in discrete macromolecular structures which form over time after the processing. In present thin films (1 – 100 micron thickness) these structures, called ‘channels’, are typically 1 – 2 microns in diameter and 10 – 1000 microns apart.

“Using Ultraconductors™ for chip connectors solve a major technical issue for the semiconductor industry – one that still relies upon solder bumps to connect chips, further limiting chip size reduction. Our approach will promote the ability to create smaller chip designs that generate less heat.

“Ultraconductor Wire™ can be made by extending a channel to indefinite length. The technique has been demonstrated in principle. Connections between conducting structures is done with a metal electrode: when two channels are brought together they connect.

“From an engineering point of view, in many applications Ultraconductors can replace copper wire and current high temperature superconductors (which still require liquid nitrogen for cooling) . “

The great high points of Chava Co-founder Mark Goldes’ career in fraudcraft were the obtaining of four Small Business Innovative Research grants from the Unites States Air Force, which cost taxpayers roughly a half million dollars. In the fourteen years since the conclusion of the fourth project, MPI and Chava Energy have evidently made no further progress in this area, at all – but that has not stopped Goldes from pretending that Magnetic Power Inc, or Chava Energy LLC, or “Aesop Institute” will be making Revolutionary Breakthroughs involving “Ultraconductors” as soon as you give them your money. In fact, MPI’s own reports on the Ultraconductor grant projects consist of a succession of rosy and wonderful claims and predictions which went entirely unfulfilled by following projects, and remain unfulfilled today. It is necessary to understand that the “Ulraconductor” film was only claimed to be “ultraconductive” to current across the thin dimension of the film – and not along the extensive dimensions. MPI asserted that they would develop a way to make the thin “ultraconductive” film thicker – and never did so. MPI asserted that they would develop a way to make “ultraconductive” wire – and never did so. MPI asserted that their enrichment method would become the key to making thicker film and wire – but the method never did so. MPI asserted that their “Ultraconductor” film would surely prove wonderfully useful for making thermoelectric devices – but once again, the rosy claims went unfulfilled. MPI asserted that they would obtain “ultraconductivity” along the plane of the film, instead of merely across the thin dimension, by repositioning the supposedly “ultraconductive” channels. They never did so.

2.7. The “UMES” Fraudcrafting

Even though neither MPI nor Chava Energy ever presented the slightest fulfillment of their endless claims to be on the verge of creating an Ultraconductor wire, and even though the creation of Ultraconductor wire would be a prerequisite for developing any Ultraconductor Magnetic Energy Storage (UMES) system , that didn’t stop Chava Energy from pretending that they were already developing the UMES system. After all, if they could develop a “Fractional Hydrogen” engine utilizing a type of hydrogen that doesn’t exist, and cannot exist, why shouldn’t they be able to develop an energy storage system utilizing a type of wire that doesn’t exist?

“Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) systems store energy in the magnetic field of a superconducting coil. Direct Current flow in a superconducting coil creates the magnetic field and will last forever while the coil is cryogenically cooled to a temperature below its superconductive critical temperature.

“A typical SMES system includes three parts: superconducting coil; power conditioning system; and cryogenically cooled refrigerator. Once the superconducting coil is charged, the current will not decay and the magnetic energy can be stored indefinitely.

“The stored energy can be released by discharging the coil. Because of its superconductive ability, SMES systems are highly efficient with the least amount of electricity loss in the transfer process compared to other currently known or utilized methods of energy storage.

“However, the requirement for cryogenic cooling makes SMES systems very expensive and often impracticable.

“Chava’s is working towards achieving greater lengths of Ultraconductor Wire™ from which a room temperature Ultraconductor Magnetic Energy Storage (UMES™) system can be made.

“UMES™ systems could be stacked and linked together to provide major utilities and industrial plant sites with efficient and cost effective energy storage. This allows for better planning for energy uses during the day and night without impacting present day power generation processes and would have substantial positive impact on lowering carbon footprints.

“In time, it is anticipated that UMES systems could be made small enough to be usable in numerous applications where peak energy demands are unpredictable or sporadic, such as in transportation systems like trains, marine vessels, automobiles, air transport.”

3. Recapitulation.

To summarize, we will now recapitulate more concisely the seven major fraudulent pretenses of the Goldes-Ruff fraudcraft.

3.1. The “Fractional Hydrogen” “SPICE” Engine Fraudcrafting

Like every other “revolutionary development” pretense by Chava Energy, Chava’s claims to be developing a water-fueled “Fractional Hydrogen” engine were fraudulent first of all because Chava never even attempted to develop any such thing. Their pretended belief and interest in the possibility of the nonexistent state of hydrogen they called “Fractional Hydrogen” was merely part of a futile effort to copy the appalling success of Randell Mills’ fraudulent use of his “hydrino” flimflam at Blacklight Power.

3.2. The First And Second “MagGen” ZPE Generator Fraudcrafting

To avoid confusion, we will refer to the first “MagGen” as Gunderson-20060163971, and the second “MagGen” as Gunderson-8093869.

Chava Energy for five years referred to the two Gunderson devices as “MagGen” magnetic generators, falsely and fraudulently claiming that they would provide electric power by “tapping Zero Point Energy,” and that Chava Energy would create “MagGen” prototypes “to provide power for automobiles” “within three years.”

3.3. The Ambient Temperature Thermionic Converter Fraudcrafting

Just as with every other “revolutionary energy breakthrough” claimed by Chava Energy since 2009, we have precisely zero evidence that Chava Energy ever even attempted actually to build the Ambient Temperature Thermionic Converter described in the 2008 Proposal by Cyril Smith. Smith’s Proposal came to Chava Energy by way of Goldes’ previous company, Magnetic Power Inc – along with every other “revolutionary breakthrough” ever claimed by Chava Energy. As Chava Energy knew very well, it would never have worked as a power source as claimed. It was only useful as a pretense.

3.4. The Strictly Ambient Heat Engine Fraudcrafting

Although Hagen Ruff chose not to utilize the “NO FUEL PISTON ENGINE” idiocy from Kenneth Rauen at Chava Energy, for five years he allowed Mark Goldes to make continual use of his Chava Energy email address while making fraudulent use of it at Aesop Institute to obtain loans and donations. In fact, Goldes made a practice of using his activities at Aesop Institute to bring investors to Chava Energy. Therefore we find that Hagen Ruff and Chava Energy incurred a degree of involvement in the fraudulence of Goldes’ countless false claims regarding the “NO FUEL PISTON ENGINE,” even though it was not directly advertised by Chava Energy.

3.5. The “Fuel Free Turbine” Fraudcrafting

Alhough the Kondrashov “Fuel Free Turbine,” like the Rauen ambient heat engine idiocy, was never included among Chava Energy’s “breakthroughs,” we find once again that Hagen Ruff and Chava Energy incurred a degree of involvement in the “Fuel Free Turbine” fraud by allowing Mark Goldes to solicit loans to Aesop Institute and investments in Chava Energy simultaneously, using his Chava Energy email address for both.

3.6. The “Ultraconductor” Fraudcrafting

Chava Energy’s “Ultraconductor” fraudcraft was fraudulent first of all because Chava Energy has never done any development work with the so-called “Ultraconductor” film and therefore has never “continued to develop” the film at all, even though they pretended otherwise for five years. Just as Goldes had done at MPI, Chava Energy misrepresented the true prospects of the “Ultraconductor” material, which had never been found or made useful for any purpose, despite the substantial research funding that MPI had received in the nineties.

3.7. The “UMES” Fraudcrafting

Chava Energy’s claims regarding “Ultraconductor” Magnetic Energy Storage (“UMES”) were fraudulent first of all because Chava Energy had never been “working towards achieving greater lengths of Ultraconductor Wire,” at all. They have only falsely claimed to be doing so, without ever actually doing any such work. The reference to “greater lengths of Ultraconductor Wire” misrepesents the true status of the “Ultraconductor” by giving the impression that at least a short “Ultraconductor” wire had already been developed – which is not true. Goldes’ company MPI had worked with a film which they claimed to be “ultraconductive” to current across the thin dimension, but had never succeeded in making any “ultraconductive” wire, at all.

4. Exploiting Concerns Over Climate Change.

An “MPI Overview And Summary” produced by MPI in late 2008 actually lists Hagen Ruff as the Chief Executive Officer of MPI, as well as a Director of MPI; Mark Goldes, who had been the CEO of MPI for two decades, is listed only as Chairman. This document also shows that a major component 0f the Goldes-Ruff Fraudcraft was already well developed in 2008: namely, the fraudulent pretense that the worthless “revolutionary breakthroughs” claimed by Goldes and Ruff could provide alternatives to fossil fuels and thereby shift the global economy “from one dependent on fossil fuels to one that exists on clean, fuel-free, distributed power” and thereby “help offset the consequences of global warming.”

At the time when Hagen Ruff, as CEO of MPI, allowed this and many similar statements to be included in the 2008 “MPI Overview,” MPI was claiming among its “breakthroughs” all but one of the seven fraudcraftings – all but Kondrashov’s self-powered air compressor, which Goldes discovered in 2013. Ruff and Goldes knew perfectly well that not one of MPI’s six claimed “breakthroughs” represented anything more than an empty pretense. They also knew that Randell Mills at Blacklight Power had obtained millions of dollars from foolish investors by means of his “hydrino” fraudcraft – and they saw no reason why MPI couldn’t do the very same.

But Ruff’s position as CEO of MPI could only have lasted a few months. Ruff and Goldes soon began calling themselves the Co-founders of a new company, Chava Energy, and the chavaenergy website was up and running by mid-April 2009.

5. Findings regarding Mark Goldes.

Mark Goldes’ “Aesop Institute” is simply an elaborate fraud. After founding Magnetic Power Inc in the mid-eighties, Mark Goldes and MPI soon developed most of the fraudcraftings which would serve as Goldes’ offerings in fraudcraft for the next thirty years, not only at MPI, but also at Chava Energy LLC, and at his so-called “Aesop Institute.” Goldes’ partnership with Hagen Ruff, the other Co-founder (as well as CEO) of Chava Energy LLC, gave the Goldes-MPI fraudcraft a new lease on life, and accordingly it may be most properly termed the “Goldes-Ruff Fraudcraft.” For the past five years or more, while serving as a Co-founder and a Chief Officer of Chava Energy LLC, Goldes used his mgoldes @ chavaenergy dot com email address as his Aesop Institute email address as well, at least until his very recent ejection from Chava Energy. In practice, Goldes made continual use of Aesop Institute to bring investors to Chava Energy, which for five years has based its pretenses on nearly all the same fraudcraft used by Goldes at Aesop Institute. The common fraudcraft has included the same fraudcraftings of water-fueled “Fractional Hydrogen” engines, generators powered by Zero Point Energy, “Ultraconductor” wire, “Ultraconductor” energy storage systems, and strictly ambient heat engines – along with the same false claims that “prototypes” of all these concepts were being developed, and would soon provide wonderful alternatives to fossil fuels.

6. Findings regarding Hagen Ruff.

For five years, Hagen Ruff allowed Mark Goldes, a Co-founder as well as a Chief Officer of Chava Energy, not only to use his mgoldes @ chavaenergy dot com email address to solicit loans to Goldes’ so-called “Aesop Institute,” but simultaneously to solicit loans to Aesop Institute and investments in Chava Energy in the course of discussions and communications with prospects who had reached Goldes by way of aesopinstitute. In effect, Ruff allowed Aesop Institute to become a fund-raising extension of Chava Energy. Starting in 2009, if not before, Goldes posted thousands of fraudulent comments advertising the aesopinstitute website and promoting the Goldes-Ruff fraudcraftings on dozens of different websites. On Huffington Post alone, as the user “Overtone,” he posted over three thousand such comments. When people contacted Goldes after visiting the aesopinstitute website, they would learn from Goldes not only about Aesop Institute but also about Chava Energy, and Goldes would solicit loans to Aesop Institute or investment in Chava Energy, whichever the prospect preferred, at the same time. This was his standard practice for years. By allowing this entangling of Aesop Institute with Chava Energy LLC, Ruff has incurred responsibility not only for the false and fraudulent pretenses of Chava Energy, but for those of Mark Goldes’ “Aesop Institute” as well. For this reason, although neither the Kenneth Rauen strictly ambient heat engine pretense nor the Boris Kondrashov self-powered turbine pretense have been directly used or presented by Chava Energy, as they have by Aesop Institute, they still deserve full recognition within the ensemble of Goldes-Ruff fraudcraftings.

For five years since it was founded, Chava Energy LLC tried to promote itself chiefly by means of false and fraudulent claims and pretenses, that it was developing “revolutionary energy breakthroughs,” including “Fractional Hydrogen” engines utilizing nonexistent states of hydrogen, magical Ambient Temperature Thermionic Converters, and magnetic generators supposedly harnessing Zero Point Energy. Recently, most of the material containing these false and ludicrous claims was suddenly removed from the Chava Energy website, although much of the flimflam related to Zero Point Energy still remains.

Despite the fact that Chava Energy itself for five years had described Mark Goldes on the Chava Energy website as a Co-founder and Chief Officer, and despite the fact that hundreds of people all over the world have received mgoldes @ chavaenergy dot com emails in which Goldes describes himself as Co-founder of Chava Energy, and despite the fact that dozens of web pages still cached by Google show beyond question that Chava Energy regarded Goldes as a Co-founder and employed him as an active Chief Officer from the very start until recently, we are now told by the other Co-founder of Chava Energy, Hagen Ruff, that far from being any Co-founder or Chief Officer of Chava Energy, Mark Goldes was not even part of it, at all!

In fact, although Chava Energy LLC did not file as an LLC until May 2010, the Chava Energy website was presented in April 2009, and both Hagen Ruff and Mark Goldes were already in 2009 referring to Chava Energy as a new business entity. From the outset until his very recent ejection from Chava Energy LLC, Mark Goldes was listed and described on Chava Energy’s “Team Members” page as “Co-founder” as well as “Chief Market Research Officer.” But in fact Goldes’ true role was not to conduct “Market Research,” but to attract investors and solicit investments. Accordingly, Mark Goldes made continual use for five years, until his recent ejection, of his Chava Energy email address (mgoldes@chavaenergy.com) to communicate with prospective investors, many of whom had no doubt learned of Chava Energy from one of Goldes’ countless internet postings claiming “revolutionary energy breakthroughs.”

In fact, all of those fraudulent claims came originally from the very same source: Chava Energy Co-founder and Chief Market Research Officer Mark Goldes, and Goldes’ previous company, Magnetic Power Inc.

We do find and state that Hagen Ruff’s Chava Energy LLC has made a great many utterly false and fraudulent claims and statements, showing very unscrupulous dishonesty, on the matters of “Fractional Hydrogen” engines, Ambient Temperature Thermionic Converters, and “MagGen” generators that supposedly harness Zero Point Energy. Chava Energy’s claims and statements regarding “Ultraconductor” wire and “Ultraconductor Energy Storage Systems” were also false and dishonest in various ways.

The relentless and pervasive dishonesty, fraudulence, and unscrupulousness, that characterized Mark Goldes’ use of his company Magnetic Power Inc for over twenty years prior to the founding of Chava Energy LLC, has also characterized Mark Goldes’ and Hagen Ruff’s use of Chava Energy LLC and Aesop Institute since 2009.

If there had ever been any chance at all that Chava Energy LLC could be transformed into an honest and honorable company despite its five-year specialization in fraudcraft, that chance was wiped out by Hagen Ruff’s most recent communications, in which he embarked on some brand new pretenses, no less ludicrous than his fraudcraft of “Fractional Hydrogen.” He now wants to pretend that his very active Co-founder, Mark Goldes, the very same person who has been his Chief Liar for five years, was actually never a part of Chava Energy, at all! And he also now wants to pretend that none of Chava Energy’s fraudcraftings came from Mark Goldes or MPI – even though, in fact, they all did – every one of them.