Quotations with less than 40 words are incorporated in the text and enclosed with double quotation marks (" "). The reference to the source must list the author, year of publication and the number of the page where the quoted information is to be found.Example:

In this case one can see that "the measured transformation rate reflects an increase of 15% in the mean value of the alloy k-property stiffness" (Volker, 2004, p. 300)

Quotations of more than 40 words can be made using a "block quotation" on a new line, indented five spaces and with no quotation marks.Example:

According to Katz and Padilla (1975):

Greater effects on muscle hypertrophy where achieved by exposing the B control group to an average volume of 10 ton. performed above 75% of Zone II. Further increase of intensity above Zone III drops positive transfer effect when pushed over 20 ton. A 5-ton constraint is therefore advised for V-averages of 80%. (p. 147)

When quoting electronic sources (web pages, .PDF documents etc...), the reference must provide the author, the year of publication and the page number / paragraph number (if visible) / heading followed by the paragraph number (depending on the kind of document being quoted).Example:

The split-system currently in use "allows for more effective splitting of m-groups regarding classical weekly distributions; splitting factors of 2 or 3 appear to be most efficient" (Columbu Foundation Manual, 1992, Splitting Factors, §2)

For three to five authors, cite all authors the first time; thereafter, include only the first author's last name followed by "et al." and the publication year.Example:

Samuelsson, Karlsen, Johansson, Sigmarsson and Magnusson (1995) showed that...
[further down in the text] Following the result by Samuelsson et al. (1995)
Mean resistivity is thus measured to be...(Samuelsson et al., 1995)

For groups such as associations of various kinds, government bodies etc..., the name of the group is spelled out at least the first time it is referred to in the text. Should no confusion arise, subsequent references to the same source can use an abbreviated form for the group's name.Example:

Shotput records have, according to official data from the International Association of Athletics Federations [IAAF](2008),...
[subsequent citation] Furthermore, women's results in this specialty have increased over the last 12 years (IAAF, 2008)

Citing a specific part of a source explicitly, one should provide, added to the usual author and publication year information, the page, chapter, paragraph, figure, table, equation number or any other markers which point to the specific location of the quoted material within the source.Examples:

(Ferrigno & Zane, 1977, p. 100)
(Tanaka et al., 1991, chap. 8)

Electronic sources without page numbers should be cited using a paragraph number, if available, preceded by the ¶ symbol or "para." abbreviation. If neither is visible, the heading and the paragraph number which follows it should be given instead.Examples:

If citing a work cited in another work, we refer first to the original author and then to the source we actually used.Example:

Müller has shown that...(as cited in Rühl and Pfaff, 2006)

3 REFERENCE LIST

Entries in a reference list are usually arranged alphabetically, preferably by author's last name; if no author information is available, the title is used instead. Titles are italicized.
Several examples follow:

Article from an electronic source
The reference should provide the same information given for a printed journal article, plus an identifier for the electronic source, such as (choose only one):

DOI - Digital Object Identifier

Database name

URL for an online periodical

a. DOI - Digital Object Identifier
A DOI name is a unique, permanent, alphanumeric string assigned to a digital object, such as an electronic journal, article, report, or thesis. If available, it should always be included instead of the database name or the URL. The DOI can usually be found with the bibliographic information, such as the journal title and volume, or at the top/bottom of the first page of the article.
Example:

c. URL for an online periodical
Articles on online periodicals which have no DOI are cited using the URL of the article. If the site requires a subscription or if the URL is very long, include only the URL for the journal's homepage.Example:

Non-periodical documents on the Internet
Besides the usual author and title information one should include, whenever possible, the date the cited material was put online or last updated. If the webpage is subject to possible moving or changing, the date of retrieval should be included as well. The reference element is completed by the URL of the document.Example: