1.
Norway
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The Antarctic Peter I Island and the sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island are dependent territories and thus not considered part of the Kingdom. Norway also lays claim to a section of Antarctica known as Queen Maud Land, until 1814, the kingdom included the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland. It also included Isle of Man until 1266, Shetland and Orkney until 1468, Norway has a total area of 385,252 square kilometres and a population of 5,258,317. The country shares a long border with Sweden. Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east, Norway has an extensive coastline, facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. King Harald V of the Dano-German House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway, erna Solberg became Prime Minister in 2013, replacing Jens Stoltenberg. A constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the Parliament, the Cabinet and the Supreme Court, as determined by the 1814 Constitution, the kingdom is established as a merger of several petty kingdoms. By the traditional count from the year 872, the kingdom has existed continuously for 1,144 years, Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels, counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have an amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States, the country maintains a combination of market economy and a Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system. Norway has extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, the petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the countrys gross domestic product. On a per-capita basis, Norway is the worlds largest producer of oil, the country has the fourth-highest per capita income in the world on the World Bank and IMF lists. On the CIAs GDP per capita list which includes territories and some regions, from 2001 to 2006, and then again from 2009 to 2017, Norway had the highest Human Development Index ranking in the world. It also has the highest inequality-adjusted ranking, Norway ranks first on the World Happiness Report, the OECD Better Life Index, the Index of Public Integrity and the Democracy Index. Norway has two names, Noreg in Nynorsk and Norge in Bokmål. The name Norway comes from the Old English word Norðrveg mentioned in 880, meaning way or way leading to the north. In contrasting with suðrvegar southern way for Germany, and austrvegr eastern way for the Baltic, the Anglo-Saxon of Britain also referred to the kingdom of Norway in 880 as Norðmanna land. This was the area of Harald Fairhair, the first king of Norway, and because of him

2.
Charles XIV John of Sweden
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Charles XIV & III John, also known as Carl John, was King of Sweden and King of Norway from 1818 until his death and served as de facto regent and head of state from 1810 to 1818. He was also the Sovereign Prince of Pontecorvo, in south-central Italy and he was born Jean Bernadotte in France and served a long career in the French Army. He subsequently acquired the name of Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte. He was appointed as a Marshal of France by Napoleon, though the two had a turbulent relationship and his candidacy was advocated by Baron Carl Otto Mörner, a Swedish courtier and obscure member of the Riksdag of the Estates. Upon his Swedish adoption, he assumed the name Carl and he did not use the name Bernadotte in Sweden, but founded the royal dynasty there of that name. Bernadotte was born in Pau, France, as the son of Jean Henri Bernadotte, prosecutor at Pau, the family name was originally du Poey, but was changed to Bernadotte – a surname of an ancestress at the beginning of the 17th century. Soon after his birth Baptiste was added to his name, to him from his elder brother Jean Évangeliste. Bernadotte himself added Jules to his first names as a tribute to the French Empire under Napoleon I, at the age of 14 he was apprenticed to a local attorney. The early death of his father, however, would stop him following in his fathers career, Bernadotte joined the army as a private in the Régiment de Royal-Marine on 3 September 1780, and first served in the newly conquered territory of Corsica. Subsequently, the Régiment stationed in Besançon, Grenoble, Vienne and he reached to the rank of Sergeant in August 1785 and was nicknamed Sergeant Belle-Jambe, for his smart appearance. In early 1790 he was promoted to Adjutant-Major, the highest rank for noncommissioned officers in the Ancien Régime, following the outbreak of the French Revolution, his eminent military qualities brought him speedy promotion. By 1794 he was promoted to brigadier, attached to the Army of Sambre-et-Meuse, after Jourdans victory at Fleurus he the became a divisional general. At the Battle of Theiningen, Bernadotte contributed, more than anyone else, at the beginning of 1797 he was ordered by the Directory to march with 20,000 men as reinforcements to Napoleon Bonapartes army in Italy. His successful crossing of the Alps through the storm in midwinter was highly praised, upon receiving insult from Dominique Martin Dupuy, the commander of Milan, Bernadotte was to arrest him for insubordination. However, Dupuy was a friend of Louis-Alexandre Berthier and this started a long-lasting feud between Bernadotte and Napoleons Chief of Staff. He had his first interview with Napoleon in Mantua and was appointed the commander of the 4th division. During the invasion of Friuli and Istria, Bernadotte distinguished himself greatly at the passage of the Tagliamento where he led the vanguard, and at the capture of the fortress of Gradisca. Paul Barras, one of five directors, was cautious that Napoleon would overturn the Republic, Bernadotte was pleased with this appointment but Napoleon lobbied Talleyrand-Périgord, the Minister of Foreign Affairs, to appoint him the embassy to Vienna instead

3.
Knud Bergslien
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Knud Larsen Bergslien was a Norwegian painter, art teacher and master artist. In his art, he portrayed the lives of the Norwegian people, their history. Bergslien is most associated with his paintings, especially Skiing Birchlegs Crossing the Mountain with the Royal Child. Knud Larsen Bergslien was born in Voss, in Hordaland, Norway and his parents were Lars Bergeson Bergslien and Kirsten Knutsdotter Gjelle. Knud Bergslien was the brother of sculptor Brynjulf Bergslien and uncle of painter, monuments honoring the three famous Bergslien artists now exist in Bergslien park located in Voss, Hordaland. Knud Bergslien enlisted in the army when he was 18 years old, after having been a student at the artist Hans Reuschs school of drawing in Bergen, he continued his studies abroad. Bergslien studied in Antwerpen from 1844 to 1852, in Paris from 1850 to 1851 and he belonged to the Düsseldorf school of painting and was closely associated with follow artists Hans Fredrik Gude and Adolph Tidemand. Norwegian artist Johan Fredrik Eckersberg had established an art school on Lille Grensen in Christiania in 1859, after his death in 1870, the school would be continued by Knud Bergslien together with Morten Müller. Knud Bergslien served as the director of what became the Bergslien School of Painting, a whole generation of Norwegian painters became his students, among them Harriet Backer and Edvard Munch. Some of his students emigrated to America including the Norwegian-American artists, Lars Jonson Haukaness, Carl L. Boeckmann, today, Bergslien is most associated with his historical paintings, especially Skiing Birchlegs Crossing the Mountain with the Royal Child. His depiction of Birkebeiner skiers carrying Prince Haakon to safety during the winter of 1206 has become a national Norwegian icon, the prince grew up to be King Haakon IV whose reign marked the end of the period known as the Civil war era in Norway. Bergslien’s work is represented the National Gallery of Norway, andreas Bloch Carl L. Væring photo agency archives

4.
1899 in Norway
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Events in the year 1899 in Norway. Monarch – Oscar II Prime Minister – Johannes Steen 1 April – The Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions established,27 June – The paperclip is patented by Johan Vaaler, a Norwegian inventor. 10 August – Viking FK football club is founded, the sports club Kongsberg IF is founded. The gymnastics club Volda TI is founded,23 July - Johan Trandem, shot putter and discus thrower 25 July – Olav Svendsen, jurist. 6 August – Lillebil Ibsen, dancer and actress 6 August – Torstein Børte, politician 6 August – Finn Nagell, military officer, Milorg pioneer, economist and businessperson

5.
Christiania Theatre
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Christiania Theatre, or Kristiania Theatre, was Norways finest stage for the spoken drama from October 4,1836 to September 1,1899. It was located at Bankplassen by the Akershus Fortress in central Christiania and it was the first lasting public theatre in Norway and the national stage of Norway and of Oslo during the 19th century. Christiania Theatre was the first long term public theatre in Oslo, the first public theatre was instead to be the theatre of the Swedish theatre director Johan Peter Strömberg, who opened in 1827. This was also to be the beginning of the Christiania Theatre, due to the lack of native actors, Strömberg was forced to hire Danish actors and became unpopular when he performed a play about the Union between Sweden and Norway, he went bankrupt in 1828. The theatre was renamed Christiania Danish Theatre and became a Danish theatre, the first opera performed in public in Norway, Deux mots by French composer Nicolas Dalayrac, was performed here in 1831, directed by August Schrumpf with Augusta Smith in the main role. After the building burnt down on 5 November 1835, it was reinstated with the name Christiania Theatre in 1837, over next few years an avid debate developed with strong criticism of the Danish dominancy of the arts. Christiania Theatre only employed Danish actors during its first history for which it was criticized, the reason given was that there was not an acting school in Norway and that the Norwegian actors were therefore not good enough. The Norwegian language conflict often centering on Norwegian writers who gradually adopted distinctly Norwegian vocabulary in their work, henrik Wergeland may have been the first to do so. Art critic Johan Sebastian Welhaven was one of the conservatives who took out against the theories of the extreme nationalists, the Danish troupe was eventually mixed up with Norwegian actors after the employment of Norwegian actress and prima donna Laura Gundersen in 1849. The foundation of the first Norwegian theatre in Oslo, Christiania Norwegian Theatre in 1852, was but a temporary rival, the theatre was a result of the controversy surrounding the Norwegian and Danish languages and was created as a counterpoint to the Danish language dominated Christiania Theatre. Henrik Ibsen was artistic director of the Christiania Norwegian Theatre from the autumn of 1857, from 1856, the Christiania Theatre promised to employ native actors. In 1872, Norwegian became the stage language, during the continued run of Peer Gynt a fire started on the performing night of January 15,1877 that heavily damaged the theatre, but luckily the theatre could later be repaired

7.
1911 in Norway
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Events in the year 1911 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII14 December - Roald Amundsens Norwegian expedition becomes the first to reach the South Pole, norsk Hydros second plant opens at Rjukan, four years after its first plant at Notodden. 19 June - Molde FK football club is founded,1 January - Håkon Melberg, linguist 11 January - Harald Heide Steen, actor 12 January – Halvor J. Sandsdalen, farmer, journalist, poet, novelist, playwright and childrens writer. 3 March - Kristian Henriksen, international player, coach. 5 March - Nils Eriksen, international player and Olympic bronze medallist. 25 April - Hans Beck, ski jumper and Olympic silver medallist,12 September – Bjørn Fraser, naval and aviation officer

8.
Dan Weggeland
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Danquart Anthon Weggeland is considered the Father of Utah Art and was an artist and teacher in the early history of Utah Territory. Weggeland was born in the city of Kristiansand, Norway, at age sixteen, he began studying with a portrait painter in Christiana and at age 20 he went to Copenhagen where he eventually studied at the Danish Royal Academy of Art. After two years in Copenhagen, Weggeland returned to Christiana, where he worked as a portrait painter and did some work for theatres. In 1854, he was introduced to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, after being baptized a member of the LDS Church, Weggeland moved to England. He served as a missionary in England from 1857 to 1861. He then went to New York City where he studied with Daniel Huntington, in 1862, Weggeland went on to Florence, Nebraska, from which he left in August for Utah Territory. Weggeland journeyed to Utah in the Henry W. Miller Company of Mormon pioneers, Weggeland made sketches on his journey to Utah. During his early days in Utah Territory, Weggeland would occasionally trade a painting for a pair of well-knit socks. Weggelands first major work in Utah was his joint commission with C. C. A. Christensen to do a series of paintings from the Bible. This commission came from Dimick B, Weggeland made many paintings involving Mormon pioneers. Weggeland did murals for the St. George, Manti, Logan and he had also served as an art instructor to most of the churchs art missionaries before they went to France. Weggeland died in Salt Lake City, Utah

9.
1918 in Norway
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Events in the year 1918 in Norway. Monarch - Haakon VII Norsk Hydros artificial fertilizer production at Glomfjord is bought by the Norwegian government, in 1947 it is leased back to Hydro. This activity is today Yara International, the 1918 Parliamentary election takes place. 19 August - Bjørn Egge, military officer 8 September - Kjølv Egeland, politician 18 September – Berit Brænne, actress,8 October - Halfdan Hegtun, radio personality, comedian, writer and former politician 15 October – Rolf Schjerven, politician