Empire Earth Issues with Build 14267 [Updated!]

Empire Earth is a strategy game much like Age of Empires which was developed by the no longer existant Stainless Steel Studios and released in 2001.
The game used to work fine on all Windows versions up to Windows 7. It wasn’t fully functional on Windows 8 with default settings, but in Windows 7 Compatibility Mode it could run fine on Windows 8, Windows 8.1 and Windows 10. Until Now.

After installing Build 14267, I noticed that the game wont launch anymore. At first I blamed it on the graphics drivers, but it appears to be the Windows Build.
Instead of launching the game would crash with an error in the Low-Level-Engine.dll. I’ve gathered as much of information as I could.

Here’s a video of what happens when you try to launch it:

Now to the more detailed information. The game itself doesn’t appear to be writing any kind of log files to the disk.