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Weekly Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1841), 1847-04-28

Weekly Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1841), 1847-04-28 page 1

W Hi Hi (LY 0 TO nn a m I v 1 JJJ JO RNAT. 1 1 JLJLJl VOLUME XXXVII. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 28, 1847. NUMBER 35. PUBI.ISHKn KVKKY WEDNESDAY MORNING, BY WILLIAM.- B. Til BALL. Office in the Journal Building, south-east corner of High tract nnd tSutforalley. T K RMS: Tun rtin.i n PT.n annum, which mav bedisehanfed by the payment of Two Dollars in advance, and free of r n ntnrn to Aircllti nr (lolifirtOr. The Journal is also published daily during the session of the legislature, anil thrice a week tun roiuainuui 01 ine year for 5ft; and throe times a week, yeay, for Jjf fc. ' TIIUK8DAY KVENG, AprilJlJi,281I James W. Bakkh, tho lad run over by the Hose Carriage, as noticed in our last, died of tho injury he received on that occasion, on yesterday morning. Mr. Clay's North Cnrolina Letter. Wo re-publish to-day, a letter written by Hekbt Cut some two years since.. Tho letter was extensively published, and very generally read about the time of its date. But the public mind was somewhat excited and inflamed ; and not in the best frame rightly to consider and appreciate the words nf wisdom conveyed in this letter. The relation in which the writer then stood to his fellow citizens, is (somewhat changed since the date ot tho letter. He is not now and in all human probability never will be, a candi. date for their sullrages. The people, then, so deeply interested in the subject-matter which this letter discusses, may afford to listen to the councils of a States-man and Patriot, derived from long and active experience in public affairs. The letter, we dare say, will now be read with fresh interest by many who attcn tivety considered its purport on its first publication. Something of what was then foreshadowed, has passed into history. Head the letter again. Scioto 4nzette. This old and staunch Whig Journal is oulfult-chisel for Gen. Taylor for the Presidency, and leaves the Vice-ship to be determined by a National Convention. Wo still adhere to the opinion that it is too early to begin tho canvas for the Presidency. And as to a National Convention, if such a thing is to be, we are of opinion that the arrangement of tho whole matter might as well be left to their consideration. A Nation, al Convention for the nomination of a Vice President merely, would bo an anomaly in " the usages of the democratic party." "The War." We lay before our readers to-day the leading article from tho Fubruary number of tho " Democratic Heciew," on the subject of The War." We do so, because the " Review " is the known and acknowledged organ of that party which assumes and arrogates to itself the name of " Democratic: " because the article is prepared with much more than the ordinary oare bestowed upon newspaper essays, and is embalmed in the monthly Review: because it is from the pen of one of the ablest writers of the Locofoeo party: and chiefly, because it avows with more boldness than we often meet with, the attroeious purposes for which The War" was instigated by our rulers, and is now being prosecuted. These are among the reasons which have operated to induce us to lay this document before tho readers of the Slate Journal and will doubtless induce on the part of the reader an attentive perusal of the article. The coolness with which the writer sneers at the impotency of " imaginary lines," in staying the. course of thaso who have undertaken to overrun a weak neighboring llupublic, " to work out a home fur them-elves and an inheritance for their children,' is in keeping with tho spirit of Locofocoiim, which acknowledges no "line" but that prescribed by power, and brooks no restraint but that prescribed by superior physical force. " The Mexican race note see, in the fitte of the aborigines of the north, their own inevitable destiny. TlIKHK CAB NO E3D TO TUB WAB SHORT or her ANNIHILATION AS A NATION." This, certainly, is cool as philosoply ! But how do these declarations comport with the oft repeated professions of the President of his ardent desire for a restoration of pacific relations? It is our "destiny" as Anglo Saxons, to exterminate tho Mexican race ! and they should submit to their ineritable doom with composure ! ! And still, it is not ourselves that are doing this 11 it exists through the act of Mexico." Tho Anglo Saxon race looks with a covetous eye upon the fair plains of Mexico, yielding almost spontaneously their rich tropical fruits they see the rich est mines of the continent in the possesion nf an enervated, semi-barbarian race, who will not speak our language nor adopt our habits. And straightway it becomes the "destiny" of the Anglo Saxons to an n I hi t.ATB the Mexican nation, and appropriate to their own uses the Mexican country its cities and towns ; its plains and its mines ! " The halls of the Montcsmnas" the no are 11 destined " for the " revel-lings " of tho victorious soldiery of the American Republic ! The Nueces the "great desert, designed by nature as a boundary betwuen the nations" tho llio Grande these are but mere imaginary lines." Our "destiny " cannot be restrained, or "held back by theories " which teach that any people have a right to a country longer, when it suits our purposes to wrest it from them. Are we not Anglo Saxons? And as such, are we not superior to the miserable Mrxicau race ? And do wo not, therefore, from our very " destiny," derive a " clear and indisputable right " to their country? Such is substantially the argument put forth, too, on behalf of a people calling themselves Christians!-- people professing faith in that system of religion which teaches them to "do unto others as ye would that they should do onto you." Let us lay aside that profession, or else cease prating about our "destiny," or the "inevitable doom" of the Mexican people. Tho suggestion that because the President has seen fit to involve us in a war, and that therefore M attempts to improve our internal condition must bo post fumed to the prosecution of the war, is a matter o which tho peo pie will take the liberty of judging for themselves. It was indeed a fearful responsibility which Mr. lolkaa umed, in adopting a system of measures which in vol red the eounlry in a conflict of arms. It was a responsibility which abler and better men would sedulously have avoided. Hut because his inconsiderate or wauton rashness chose a different course, we do not hold that all the other interests of the country are to bo abandoned, or go uncared for. Nor d i we assent, by any manner of means, to the declaration that "there is no alternative btt ween deep national disgrace and the tonquest of territory" Wo do not believe that either our " honor" or our "destiny" require the dismem berment of Mexico. We do not believe that our in trresl requires that we should avail ourselves, either by treaty or conquest, of one foot of her territory Hut on the contrary, wo do believe that the peace, the prosperity, and the perpetuity of our own Union, requires that we should promptly declare, at once and for ever, that no foreign territory, and least of all that of Mexico, shall be incorporated in our He public. If we, like our revolutionary fathers, entertain "a decent respect for the opinions of mankind," it is lime we should begin to set limits to our rapacity. Let us indeed practice upon the principle that Righteousness not conq vest exalteth a nation. Tnio honor does not con-list in oppressing the weak and there is no dishonor in extending justice even to our enemies. Baudrhi Vak Rr.nssr.LAKU. This name, onco familiar In the annals of Ohio, had well nigh passed into forgetfulnes. We have not met with it for fiv yean past, until wo met with the following paragraph, clipped from the New York Herald, of April lu. The reader who recogniio the name, will be struck with the freaks of fortune or of fancy, no less than the ups and downs of life to which we pour mortals aresubject: A Mr. Builders Van Rensselaer, of the State of Ohio, is about to bring a suit against the tenants of the manor, not Tor rent, but the land ilacM. Me claims under a will made by Kilhan, son of Johannes Van Hansselaer, dated the ld day of February, Uii7, the whole of Albany and Rensselaer counties, and three towns iu Columbia, vix: Claverack, Ghent and Green-port.A Curious Calculation What isahillion t The reply is very simplo a million times a million. This is quickly written and quicker still pronounced ; but no man is able to count it. You may count Hit) or 170 in a minute ; but let us even suppose that you may go as far as glill ; then an hour will produce 12,. (HHl; aday,JM,OtHt and a year of :Uw daj , 1H5,1'J0,. (HID. Let us suppose now, that Adiim at the first beginning of his existence had twgun to count, had continued lu do so, snd was counting still : he would not even now, according to the usually supposed age of our gioue, nave counted near enough, ror lo count a billion, lie would require 11,01 H years, :4 days, 5 hours ana ou minutes. The (JU est ion Answered. ' The question is often asked, " who can bo obtained to do this piece of writing?" We would state as information for strangers and citizens, that we recollect of having published a card, for Jambs D. Larixork, Esq., who tendered his services to the public, to get up in a neat manner all instruments oi writing sucn as mortgages, deeds, bonds, &c, and making copies of every thing which require pun and ink in tho execu tion. We have no doubt Mr Lanmore is still willing to accommodate one and all, and the r fore recommend inquirers to call on him at Sioayne ) Hates, Uw ojjiee. If it were necessary wo would vouch for his ability and promptness. We understand he charges extreme low prices, desiring rather to give satisfaction than to make money. Afmr Correspondence Letter from a member of Capt. Sanderson's Cnmpsny, dated Camp Washington, bkar Vkra Chvi, April I, 1847. When in the lonely watches of the night, or lying securely in my tent, or when about to face the enemy in a deadly conflict in fact, let me be where I would during this nampaign, in tho enemy's country, I have feltoften feelings, which, in all my rambles, have here tofore been strangers to my bosom. They are those of utter loneliness in this world. If you could bo here and just see tho avidity with which we poor devils of soldiers surround a mail just from the Slates, you would always be convinced of the real value of on of these sheets of paper covered With hycroglyphtcs, and called a letter. On this topic I will say nothing more, but leave your good sense to give you the hint. Well, now for the news Vera Crui, the stronghold of Mexico is ours the American flag waves over the castle and city so long deemed impregnable, from whose ramparts for twenty days past the Dons have hurled death and defiance at us in the shapo of shell and round shot; but it was of no avail, for Yankee skill and Yankee bravery conquers all. The great city which was fortified by French engineers, was obliged to capitulate after a siege of twenty days and a bombardment of three ; wo lost during the attack but nineteen men, while the loss of tho Mexicans cannot bo correctly ascertained, but it is cor- redly stated to be more than two hundred; for those that havo been in the city say that tho loss is much greater but lei it be what it may, tho city is ours, and that is all we played for. For the particulars of the whole affair, you have only to read the papers to in form yourself. There was but little fighting done ex cept some skirmishes, in which our regiment did more than any other, tor during the whole siege, there were Mexican troops lying a few miles back from the city, who endeavored to break into the town through our lines, but they were not able to do it, lor the Kitlomen were always on the out pickets ready to repulse them, or to fi ght cither, when they would show Tight, which was not often ; and when they did muster courage to attack us, they soon got enough of it. In our com. pnuy we had one man badly wounded, and not one killed ; but we can all say that we have smelt powder, and stood up to be shot at, and had the bullets whistling about our ears. The Mexican shoot too high, and take no aim; on the contrary, wo with our nlles take good aim, and when we saw a Mexican's face he was iure to die (officers, particularly ) They know the Riflemen with their dark clothing and yellow stripes, and dread them as a plague; and well they may, for they are called by our own people here u murderous set. But we are obliged to tight, for to a Rifleman no quarter is shown by the Mexicans, and when one in taken prisoner the nearest tree serves lor his deathbed. (Comfortable, isn't it') However, we don't fear them or their customs, for we can whip any n'imbcr of Mexicans, and are ready at any time to face an equal number of any troop in the world. t is admitted by all here that ours is the mostclhcieut regiment in the army. We have done more work and nil'irud more hardships than either regiment here. When we landed below the city we had tour days' pro visions in our have marks ; they had to last us eight, having nothing but fresh beef to fill up with, and for days no bread at all. It seemed hard, but we endured it then, and can again. We have inarched whole days under a hot sun, over sand hills and through chnpparcl bushes, with only one canteen full of water. Hut for all I have never enjoyed better health than at present, ith the exception ot a slight touch ot diarrhea. In our company we have only three or four sick out of seventy men, and one of them is a wounded man who is crippled for life. Hut 1 weary you. Our future destination is not known it is supposed by all here that this will end ihe war ; it it should not we will be inarched to the city of Mexico before the sickly season commences ; for if we should attempt to summer here, next tall there would not be one thousand men let I or the whole army, for it is one of tho most unhealthy places in the known world and it would bo madness for tho army to stay hero and die. Write me often, and send me papers, one every day if you will, for a letter or newspaper is the greatest treat we can have. l ours, Is. Ki. Al. Titi test from Monterey and the Itlo C.rnnde Tke Humored Untile unfounded The wounded dying at aaiiiitot-rrea ana Morales itritcn across the Mountains i'ursuit of t'anales. The steamship Telerranh, Cant. Auld, arrived at New Orleans on the loth iustant, from the braxoa, whenee she h it nn the tith inst. At Sallillo,on the 1WJ ult , and Monterey, nn the il-Uh, everything was quiet, and no apprehensions were entertained of a different state of things ensuing there. Very many of the wounded, both Americans and Mexicans, were dying at Siltillo. 1 ho rep irt brought to the city by pie Hirers on board the schooner " Henry L'mg,' on Fndav, that i battle hail been fought between ren. Tayl'ir and tho forces under Gen. Lrrea and Cam Irs, proves to bo incorrect. Urrea kept hovering about Col. Curtis' command, but having been advised that Gen. Taylor, with a ptrly of 700 men, were advancing from Monterey, he withdrew his forces. On the IMli .Marrh Gen. lay lor met the division or Col. Curtis, and having been apprised that Morales had concentrated in the vicinity of Ramus with a command of some 4lH)0 men, he set out in pursuit nf the gallant General. He followed him as far as Caiilere- ta, but his force should be literally flying artillery to overtake him, and it is doubtful if they would even then he hid crossed clear over the mountains. (Jen. Taylor had returned to the camp near Monterey, where Llhe men were quietly enjoying a respite from their fa tigue. As we have already hinted, it 11 understood to be the design of Gen. Taylor, as soon as he gets the ne cessary reinforcements, to march on to Saltillo, and, at a point between that and Mexico, form a junction with (ten. ttcoti. A letter reeeivrd by the Matainorai Flag, dated liuena Vuta, I'ith March, states that all was quiet; that tho wounded were mending rapidly, and give the soul-inspiring information that, according to instructions from Gen. Taylor hefore leaving, upwards of forty mule loads of provisions had been sent from Ins camp to Kncaruacion for the use of the wounded Mexicans, who were in the hospital and in a state of starvation. Tho writer juntly says the humane of su-'h an act is beyond all praise, and though great is the glory whieli Gen. Ta)lur has acquired by a succession of splendid victories over the Mexican, all he has gained in this way sinks into imngninVauce compared with the humanity of this act, and which he has always shown the fallen enemy. According to an order imiied nn the 3d ult , the Louisville Legion is to more from Monterey to Agua Nueva. The 1st and 3d Ohio Regiments are to compose the garrison nf Monterey under the order nf Col. Curtis. Two companies of the 'id Ohio Regiment are to be posted at the Rinconda pass, between Monterey and Saltillo, and the remainder of the Rrgiment under the immediate orders of Col. Morgan is to report to Gen. Wool. The Colonel of tho Kentucky cavalry is to establish his headqiiarlers at Cernlvo, with four companiea, two companies will be posted at Msnn, and two at Punta Aquaila. Tho remaining companies are to lwnit orders. The duty of the regiment is to protect tho coiiimunicstion below Monterey, its Colonel receiving special instructions trotn head quarters. Tiik CinRTr.R Ei-ix-Tin In the city nf New York resulted in the suceeM of Hrndy, (Whig) for Mnynr, hr a majority of The vole isthusgivon in tho l Ural d : MAYORALTY VOTR. At-iiir, 14iJ. Arm i., 1847. MrtreV lI'Mg. IUm. Cat. Whig. Dim. Jttil. 1 7i:t HH 7 KT7 HI7 II W ' ftf lift .tt 4:11 W 3 KH!1 M'.l LUrli 4.IH It's 4 ti'"J )i'7 I7( r-J M L) r hum in 1:1 :m im m A7, i:io wi m-i wm r 7 Urr Wi 4h K7:t i:i7ti kv H 14l IImH 741 l'.t',7 l(i;t.' uw 9 i:tJ 1M7 17H !M l.M'.i :t!'7 10 r!m iw !ihw h 11 .... tf 1.'H K' I Hi'l 17MI 17 Vi 3; KM IKI I..V (i!4 117 1:1 r.-.u 1 :;.i; 7i;. wt u-7 14 ii?;i I.'.'J :tw i'i i:i:t'.i ir ii.vj :ti:i iix'ti :t'.'i r.y it; tm iio:t r.r.4 i:i;: i:vi K7 17 W1 RHi PJiu i;mi Kii! lti 5o: lino till &v.r n7:i mi Totals . . 1 r.,:i 1 ,'K7 a i ;i i h i n,r, 1 1 1 ,?j i That ttltt the trhote story ! The native vote has gone down from H,;i77 to 1,741. The Drmoeratie vote has fallen off from SW,h:w to !,fi. 7t Whig rote has ikcrkaseo from ir,;t'.Jt to 41,4181 The Baltimore Patriot thinks that " Mr. Polk will decline." No doubt of it. Ho is declining already. Louisville Journal, From the Democratic Keview. The War. The progress of the United States, from its first settlements at isolated points on the Atlantic border, has been one of continual territorial aggrandizement. Communities in their growth have constantly thrown fur-ward a race of hardy pioneers, before whom the savages have fallen back and the wilderness has been sub dued. Tho busy and enterprising settlers hare descended frotn the Alleghaiuus, occupied the plains, pushed across mighty streams, traversed the prairies, penetrated the passes of the Rocky mountains, and are even u w loading vessels in the harbors of the P initio, with produce that their industry has raised from the lands of its tributary streams, forming the genu of that great commerce, which few short years will find whitening tho Pacific with its canvass. Tho whole progress, which lias added 15 sovereign States to the Union, embracing an area of 500,00!) square miles, as well as millions of acres not yet formed into States or occupied by emigrants, has been but a continuation nf that pressure of emigration from the east, which the Roman empire was unable to resist, and which is destined to carry back to Ania the refinement of arts and tho influences of Christianly, gathered in a journey of two thousand years round the world, from east to west. The progress of the emigration in Europe was a military one. and was attended by the subversion of Status and the triumph of barbarism ; the strong arm 1 ol tho conqueror established those feudal customs! which tho people are but now gathering strength to shako off. On this continent the reverse hai been the I case barbarism has vanished before the intelligent and peaceful settler; States and civilized governments havo sprung up in tho path nf the emigrant, whnao march lias been supported and accelerated by the blessings he has left in his rear. As territory has been overrun, numbers have increased, and freo institutions havo insured to all a share of the growing national wealth. Unas been Democratic energy and enterprise that have Ifiven vigor to the movement and sustained our rapid growtn. vviien we say ueinocranc in 1111s connection, t may be understood in its less comprehensive sense, as it will be found that tho Democratic party, as op-poted to the nrtBtocratic tendencies and predilections of tho Federalists, through which the blessings of ci vilization have been extended over the continent. A proof of this is to bo found in the largo Democratic majorities of all the new mates. Wisconsin, as an in stance, sent as her first delegate to Congress a Democrat in IHihj, and no Whig has ever been elected, nor has there been a Whig majority in the Legislative assembly. It is the people who go forth into the wilderness to work out a homo for themselves and an inhcri-tencu for their children, in a hard struggle with nature and savagn. These are not to be staid in their course by imaginary lines, nor held back by theories which teach that a government is strong or a community well organized, in proportion only as numbers are co mi tied in a narrow limit, laboring to swell the profits of the aristocratic few. The country beyond the Sibiue offered to thf emigrant inducements to settle, and its (hen government added oihir allurements to draw on to the soil the hardy and intelligent race, whose vigorous in dustry had nt a few years placed the northern repub lic foremost among commercial nations. 1 ne tact was overlooked, however, that that race would bring with th em tho education, intelligence and faculty fur self-government, which would make the in unlit subjects n whom to vent the caprices 01 the mrimienl duels of a military anarchy ; and as soon as the articles of1 confederation by which Texas formed one of the United Mexican States were violated, without her consent, sho declared her independence, and bade defiance to the utmost power of the dictator, who was simple enough to suppose " that the gnarled oak could be twisted as easily as the young saphn ;" that the sturdy independence of emigrants from the north could be moulded to tho will of a military usurper. t he very virtues or the Anglo-saxon race make their political union with the degraded Mexican Spanish iinnoimible. The minsionaries of republicanism and civilization, who go out from among u, are sure to re turn into the bosom ot the nation with the fruits of their enterprise. The Mexican race now sec, in tho fate of tho aborigines of the north, their own inevitable destiny. They must amalgamate and be lost, in the superior vigor of the Anglo-Saxon race, or they must utterly penult. They may postpone the hour for a time, but it will come, when their nationality shall cease. It is observable, that, while tho Aniflo-Saxon race havo overrun th" northern section, and purged it of a vigorous race of Indians, the Spaniards have fuib d to make any considerable progress 11 1 the south. The. best es timate of the population of Mexico is 7,OU0,0o0 of which 4,.iOO,000 are pure-blooded Indians, and only 1,-000,004) of white Europeans and their descendants. From the data it is evident that the process, which has been gone through at the north, of driving back the Indians, or annihilating them as a race, has yet to be gone through at the south. The proud, raparious, and idle Spaniards have but poorly fulfilled their imvsinn. They havo neither civilixed nor chritianixed the peo ple, nor reclaimed tho country, in the poHsession of 1 which tiiev have been unuisturneii tor centuries, ine native Indians have been allowed to remain in their passive itate of idleneMS, as long as they could yield any thing to the rapacity nf their rulers, cleric il, civ-vd, or military. Tho descent of the northern race, now becoming imminent by the occupation of Texas, threatens speedily to change this state of thinirs. The mineral and agricultural wealth of Mexico, stron irly tempts the hardy emigrants, whom no toil diS' courages, no dangers appals ; and the lauds south of the Rio Grande are many ol them more desirable than those north of it Who shall say that the torrent of emigration, that tor two thousand years has been po ir- inn from the remote regions of Asia, across Europe, overturning empires in its course, nriuging the Atlantic peopling a new world, ami surging to its confines, shall lie stopped by the theories ot the Whig party, the voice of Daniel Webster, or the frown nf Santa Anna? All that the Spaniards have failed to do, remains yet In be done. The progress of emigration on this continent has hitherto been peaceful ; hut the Spanish race, to maintain their slithlul possession ot tho country they h"ld, have, in the madness of th"ir pride, attacked the eolossial p wer that is abut to overwhelm them. The result cannot be hut to hasten the event, which peace would, sooner nr later, have surely accomplished. A slate of war is entirely incompatible with our institutions ami Democratic form of government ; and when, in our progress as a nation, such a calamity over take ui, it becomes every ciluen to exert his ulmoal to bring that war to a speedy and honorable terimna turn. Every other consideration should be laid aside, and all energies exerted, 10 pusu tins war to a speedy nJ. With a nation like .Mexico, with whom no ac comodations can lo ho(l for, and, as sad exierienre has sh'iwn, no tnith in treaties, even when made, can be entertained, there can be no end to tlte war abort of her annihilation as a nation. 1 ho matter should ho taken in hand in the spirit nf Bonaparte's Bulletins, in commencing the friHsian war: u f ho House of lira' denburirh ha ceased to reign in Europe." His vigor 011s strokes ceased not until that edict was apparently accomplished, and a tew weeds sultteed for the pur pone, Of the lame nature should be our prneeedingii "The Spaniards have ceased to rule in Mexico.' should be the motto, and corps alter corps poured mat all (itiarters. nntil it is enacted. 1 he war is not a matter ot choice. It exists thrnuirh the acts nf Mexico, without any present prosMcl of peace. The known obstinacy ot the Spanish race, and the want of any respeetahle head to the Mexican irivernmetit, indicates that tho war can Ik ultimately b riiimated only by tho leixurn of all the large cities, including Alex ico, occupying them by strong garrison", and, while suppressing every species of Mexican mi. htary force, protecting tho people from every kmd of onpresonn, auu, auordinff security to property, throw ing trio wuoie oen 10 uw irre trade n ail nations. ; (ireat commercial and industrial interests will then irrow up. The capital of Europe, operating upon the great natural resources of that favored region, will soon proiiure sticn narriers to military aggressions, that the curse of Mexico, her military mountebanks, must cease to be ; once imnueti wnn me spirit ol commerce and industry, internal revolutions and external aggressions will become unknown. It is an acknowledged law of nations, that when a country sinks into a state of anarchy, unable to govern itseli, and dangnroua to its neighbor, it becomes the duty of the moat powerful of those neighbors to interfere and settle its attain. That such is the ease with Mexico, no one can deny ; and that tho anarchy which prevails there, rises from the ubience of the great conservati v interests of coin merce and manulaclurrs,is sell-evident. 1 he remedy is to introduce the latter ; and it can lie done only by overrunning the country, occupying its strong places, and suppros-ong us turmiicnt army- rn tune should be lost in etl'ectmg this great object. The coast cannot be held in the sickly season ; hut once purged of the banditti, and United Stales troops in possession of the back country, the coast can be left open to trade without fear of disturbance ; as, for instance, Vera Crux may not be occupied by a northern army in the summer months ; but the Mexican military oner driven out, a small United Statea force stationed at Jnlapa, 70 miles in its rear, overlooking the port, will command and pmlect tt ; and that place is described as the most desirable residence. It is not alone tho war and the expense, great though it be, that ia to be dreaded We aro rich and industrious, and having plenty of resources, can pay any sums A protracted war is, however, building up a great military interest, heretofore unknown ti our institutions. Tho great peril winch destroyed Mexico we are about to encounter. The long Spanish war of Indcpen. dence stilled her industry and smothered her commerce. No interest flourished but the military, and her liberties ultimately perished in itr giant gripe. This interest having no sympathy with industrial pursuits in its nature aristocratic, and harmontxing with all the splendid government theories nf the Whig party, is already rapidly growing among us. A few years only will consolidate ill strength, and spread its influence through all the ramifications of contractors and employee dependent upon war expenditures. Such an interest is one to be dreaded, perhaps more than any other when we jelled upon Ilia materials of strife within us, the rancour of party spirit, and the recklessness of fanaticism. Already has this war been prolonged to a needles length. The importance of the caat required that the city of Mexico should have been occupied by our troops in the fall, and that the Mexican Congress should have received propositions of peace from the United States government while our troops occupied their capital. There has, however, been but little disposition to push on the war. Twenty millions dollars and man) lives have been expended, while comparatively but little has been accom-dished, in most countries of Europe, England and France particularly, the " peace establishment" is on a scale which aulncei France to conduct a war in Algiers, and England one in China and India, with but little increase of expenditure. In this country, where democratic principles require the revenue to bo proportionate only to tho economical wants of tho government in time of peace, hostilities of any description require an extraordinary outlay, and to procure tho means by unusual expedients. At inch a time, therefore, every possible expenditure that oun be spared or postponed should be stopped while the war lasts. Every effort should bo made to raise promptly a sufficiency of means in men and money, and to make the debt necessarily contracted as small as possible. Thus, their improvement of rivers and harbors, how great soever may bo its importance to the welfare of tho country under ordinary circumstances, sinks into insignificance in time of war, compared with the necessity of speedy peace. ' Such appropriations should, therefore, be postponed until that peace is acquired. Tho war exists. There ii no alternative between deep national disgrace aud the conquest of territory. Tho blood aud treasure of the whole Union must be expended in the vigorous prosecution of the war. The inevitable results will be the acquisition of territories which will be tho common property of all the States. To incur, voluntarily, national dishonor, the dangers of a large military force superadded to enormous expense, with tho view of forcing peculiar notions upon one section of tho Union, is conduct too nearly allied to tho imbecile follies of our miserable neighbor, to meet with countonance or support from tho people at large. Henry tluy's Itnlclgh Letter Halkiuh, April 17, ld-14. To the Editors of the National Intelligencer : GfcKTi.EMKtf : Subsequent to my departuere from Ashland, in December last, I received various communications from popular assemblages and private individuals, requesting nn expression of my opinion upon the question of the Annexation of Texas to the United Slates. 1 have jure borne to reply to Ihem, because it was not very convenient, during the progress of my journey, to do so, aud for other reasons. 1 did not think it proper, unnecessarily, to introduce at present, a new element among the other exciting subjects which agitate and engross the public mind. The rejection of the overture of Texas, some yean ago, to become annexed to the United States, find met with g'-neral acquiescence. Nothing had since occurred materially to vary tho question. 1 had seen no evidence of a desire being entertained, on the part of any considerable portion of tho American people, that iexas sliotiiu become an integral part ol the I nited States. During my sojourn in New Orleans. 1 had. indeed, been greatly surprised, by information which 1 received from Texas, thai, in the course of last fall, a voluntary overture had proceeded from the Executive of (he United States to the authorities of Texas, to conclude a treaty of annexation ; and that in order to overcome the repugnance felt by any of them to a negotiation upon Ihe subject, strung, and as I believed erroneous reprerentatious had been made to them of a stale ot opinion 111 the Senate of the Liu tod States favorable to the ratification of such a treaty. According to these n picscntations, it had been ascertained that a number of Senators, varying from thirty-two were ready to sanction such a treaty. 1 was aware, ton, that holders nf Texas lands and Texas scrip, aud speculators iu them, were actively engaged in pro moting the object 01 annexation, bull, I did not believe that any Executive of the United States would venture upon so grave and momentous a proceeding, not only without any general manifestations of public opinion in favor of it, but in direct opposition to strung and oeuiueu expression ol puulic disapprobation. Hut it nppcars that I was mistaken. To the astonishment of tho whole nation, we are now informed that a treaty of annexation has been actually concluded, and is to be submitted to the Senate for its consideration. The motives fr my silence, therefore, no longer remain, and I feel it to he my duty to present an exposition of my views and opinions upon the question, for what they may be worth, to the public consideration. I adopt this tut t hod as licmg more convenient than several replies to the respective communications which t have received. 1 regret that I havo not the advantage of a view of the treaty itself, so as to enable me to adopt an expression of my opinion to the actual conditions and stipulations which it contains. Not possessing that opportunity, 1 am constrained to treat the question according to what I presume to be the terms of the treaty. If, without the loss of national character, without the hazard of foreign war, with the general concurrence of the nation, without any danger to the integrity of the Union, and without giving an unreasonable price for Texas, the question of annexation were presented it would appear in quite a different light from that in wlneh I apprehend, it is now to be regarded. The United Stati-s acquired a title to Texas, extending, as I believe, to the Rio Del Norle, by the treaty of Louisiana. They ceded and relmquithrd that t(llo to Spain by the treaty nf 1 H 1 )t by which the Srhme was substituted for the Rio del Norle as our western boundary. This treaty was negotiated under the administration of Mr. Muiirer,aiid with the concurrence of his Cabinet, of which Messrs. Crawford, Calhoun and Wirt, being a ninjority, all southern gentlemen, composed a part. When the treaty was laid before the House of Representatives, being a member of that body, 1 express the opinion, which I then entertained, and still hold, thai Texas was sacrificed to tho acquisition of Florida ; but 1 thought it must, from its poitition, inevitably fall into our possession; that the point of a few years, sooner or later, was of no sort of consequence, and that in giving five millions of dollars and Texas for it, we gave more than a just equivalent. Hut, if we made a great sacrifice 111 tho surrender of Texas, we mihl to take care not to make ton great a sacrifice in the attempt to re-acquire it. Aly opinions of the expediency nf the treaty of Hfl did not prevail. The country aim) Congress were satisfied with it; appropriations were made to carry it into eliect, the line of the Sabine was recoguixed by us a our boundary, in negotiations both wiih Spain aud Mexico became independent, and measures have hecu in actual progress to mark the line, from the Sabine to Red River, and then- c to the Pacific ocean. We have thus fairly alienated our tale to Texas, by solemn national comparts, In the fulfilment of which we stand hound by good faith mid national honor. It is therefore, perfectly idlo and ridiculous, if nut dishonorable, to talk of resuming our title In Texas as if wo hud never parted with it. We can no more do that than Spain can resume Florida, France Louisiana, or Great Britain tho thirteen colonies, now composing a part of the United Stales. Dunn; the administration of Mr. Adams, Mr Poinsett, Minister of the United States at Mexico, was instructed by me, with the President's authority, to propose a re-purchase nf Texas; but he forbore even to make an overture for that purpose. Upon his return to the United States, ho informed tue, at New Orleans that his reason for not making it, was, that he knew the purchase was wholly impracticable, and that he was pursuaded, that if he mnde the overture, it would have no other effect than to aggravate irrita tions, alredy existing, iiwn mailers of indillereneu between the two countries. The events which havo transpired in Texas, are well known. She revolted against tin government of Mexico, flew to arms, and finally fonjlil snd won tho memorable battle of San Jacinto, annihilating a Mex-iran army, and making a captive of the Mexican President. I'lio signal success of lint revolution was greatly aided, if liot wholly achieved, by citiseni nf the United States who had migrated to Texas. These succors, tf they could not always be prevented by the Government of the United States, were furnished in a manner and to an extent which brought upon us some national reproach in the eyes of 111 impartial world. And, in my opinion, they impose nn us the obligation nf scrupulously avoiding tho imputation of having instigated and aided th revolution with the ultimate view of territorial aggrandisement. A Her the battle of San Jacinto, the United States recognised the independence nf Teias, in conformity with the principle and practice which have always prevailed in their councils, of recognizing the government uis facto," without regarding tliu questiuu u de jure. " That recognition did not all'eet or impair the rights of Mexico, or change the relations which existed between her and Texas. She, on tho contrary, has preserved all her rights, and has continued to assert, and so far as I know, yet asserts, her rtght to reduce Texas to obedience, as a part of the republic of Mevico. According to late intelligence, it is probable that she has agreed upon a temporary iusHnaion of hostilities; but if that has liecu done, I presume it is with the purpose, upon the termination of the armistice, nf renewing the war and enforcing her rights, is she considers them. This narrative shows the present actual condition of Texas, 10 far is I have information about it. If it be correct, Mexico has not abandoned, but perseveres in the assertion ol her rights by actual force nf arms, which, if suspended, ire intended to be renewed. I ndtr these ctrcumstancrs, if the (iorrrnmrnt of the ( mild Slates tctre ta arnnirs Texas, it icou.'d acquire along with it all the incumbrances which Tims isnudtr, and among them the artwil or snspendrd tear hrttrrrn Mexico and Texas. Mf that const out net tkrrt cannot he a doubt. ANNEXATION AND WAR WITH MEXICO A HE IDENTICAL. Now, for one, 1 certainly am not willing to involve this country in a foreign war for the object of acquiring Texas. I know there are those who regard such a war with indifference and as a trilLnj illur, on account of tho weak ness of Mexico, and her inability to inflict serious in jury upon this country. Hut I do not look upon it thus iignuy. 1 regard all wars si great calamities, to be avoiuea, possible, and honorable peace as the wisest and truest policy of this country. What Ihe United States most need ire union, peace, and patience. Nor do 1 think that the weakness of a power should form a motive, in any case, for inducing us to engage in or to deprecate the evils of war. Honor and good faith and justice are equally due from this country towards the weaa as lowarus the strong. And, if an act ol injustice were to be perpetrated towards any power, ,t would be more compatible with the dignity of the nation, and, in my judgment, less dishonorable, to inflict it upon a powernu instead ot a weak foreign nation, uutare we perfectly sure that we should be free from injury in a state of war with Mexico? Have wo any security that countless numbers of foreign vessels, under the nuthority and ling of Mexico, would not prey upon our defenceless comrnerco in the Mexican Gulf, on the Pacific Ocean, and on every other sea and ocean ? What commerce, on tho other hand, does Mexico of fer, as an indemnity for our losses, to the gallantry and enterprise of ourcountryuicn ? This view of the sub- ject supposes that the war would be confined to the United States and Mexico as the only belligerents, tint havo we any certain truarantv that Mexico would obtain no allies among the great European pow ers? Suppoae any such powers, jealous of our increasing grealneiM, and disposed to check the growth and cr.pplo us, were to take part in behalf of Mex j ion in me wai, now would the ditterent belligerents present themselves to Christendom and the enlight ened world ? Wo have been seriously charged with an inordinate spirit of territorial aggraudiiemeut ; ! and, without admitting tho justice of tho charge, it must be owned that we have made vast acquisitions of territory within the last forty yean. Suppose Great Britain and France or one of them, wore to take part with Mexico, and by a manifesto, were to rociaun that their objects were to assist a weak and lelplesa oily to check the spirit of encroachment and ambition of an already overgrown Republic, seek ing still further acquisitions of territory, to maintain tho independence of Texas, disconnected with the j United b tales, and to prevent the further propagation of slavery from the United States, what would be the erteci 01 sucn allegations upon the judgment ot an I impartial and enlightened world? i Assuming that the annexation of Texas 11 war with Mexico, is it competent to the treaty-malting power to plunge his country into war, not only without the con currence of, but without deigning to consult Congress, to which, by the Constitution, belongs exclusively tiie power of declaring war? 1 have hitherto considered the question upon the supposition that the annexation is attempted without tho assent uf Mexico. If she. yields her consent, that wouiu materially ailed the toreign aspect ot the question, if it did nut remove alt foreign difficulties. On the assumption uf that assent, the question would be confined to the democratic considerations which belong to it, embracing the terms and conditions upon wnicii annexation is proposed. 1 do not think that Texas ought to be received into the Union, aa an in tegral part of it, in decided opposition to the wishes of a considerable and respectable portion of the con- ledernry, I think it tar more wise and important to compose aud harmonize the present confederacy, aa it now exists, than to introduce a new element of discord and distraction into it. In my humble opinion it should be the constant and earnest endeavor of American statesmen to eradicate prejudices, to cultivate and foster concord, and to produce general contentment among all parts of our confederacy. And true wisdom, it seems to me, points to the duly of rendering its present members happy, prosperous, and satisfied with each other rather than to attempt to introduce alien members against the common consent and with the certainly of deep dissnttstactiou. Mr. Jeffer son expressed the opinion, and olhen believed, that it never was in the contemplation of the framers of the Constitution to add foreign territory to the confederacy, out of which new Stales were to be formed. The acquisitions ol' touisi&ua and Florida may be defended upon the peculiar ground ot the relation in which they stood to the Stales of the Union. After thev were admitted, we might well pause awhile, people our vast wastes, develop; our resources, prepare the means of tleienuing wuat we possess, and augment our strength, power and greatness. If hereafter further territory should bo wanted for an increased population, we need entertain no apprehensions, hut that it will be acquired by means, it is to be hoped, fair, honorable andconstitutional. It is useless to disguise that there are those who es- pouse and those who oppose the annexation of Texas upon the ground of the influence which it would ex ert in the balance of political power, between two great sections 01 the Union. I conceive thai no motive for the acquisition of foreign territory would be more unfortunate, or pregnant with mure fatal conse quences, than that of obtaining it for the purpose of Birengineiiing one pari against anmiier part ot the com 1 11011 confederacy. Such a principle, put into practical operation, would menace the existence, if it did not certainly sow the setils of a dissolution oj the t niun. It would 00 to proclaim to the world an insatiable and unquestionable thirst for foreign confluent or acquisi tion of territory. For if to-day Texas be acquired to strengthen one part of the confederacy, to-morrow Canada may be required to add strength to another. And, after that uiiht have been obtained, still other and further acquisition would become necessary, to equalize and adjust the balance of political power. 1 umny, in me progress Ol llill spirit OI universal 0.U- minion, the part of the confederacy which is now weakest, would find itself stiil weaker from the im possibility of acquiring new theatres for those peculiar institutions which it ia charged with being desirous to extend. Hut would Texas, ultinintclv. reallv add strength to that which is now considered the weakest part of the confederacy ? 1 my information be correct it would not. According to that, the territory of Texas is susceptible of a division into five States of convenient sue and form. Of these, two onlv would bo adonted to those peculiar institutions to which 1 havo referred, and the other three, lying west and norlh of San Antonio, being only ad a .1 ted to farmiuir aud rrraiimr pur poses from the nature of their soil, climate, and pro ductions, would not admit of those institutions. In tho end, therefore, there would be two slave aud three free Slates probably added to the Union. If this view nf the soil and geography of Texas bu correct, it might serve to diminish the aval both of those who oppose uiio iiioso woo are urging annexation. Should Texas lie annexed to the Union, the Uni ted Statea will assume and become responsible for the debt of T exus, by lis Amount what it may. What it is, I do not know rertainly ; but the leisl 1 have seen it stated at is thirteen millions of dollars. Aud this responsibility will exist, whether there be a stipulation in the treaty or not expressly assuming the payment 01 'in- ueiu 01 iexas. ror 1 suppose it to be undenr able that, if one nation becomes incorporated in Kn ottier, nil tho debts and obligations, aud wan of the incorporated nation, become Ihe debts, and obligations and incumbrances, and wars of tho common nation created by the incorporation. If any European nation entertains any ambitious designs upon 'lexis, such as that of colonizing her or ill any way subjugating her, I should regard it al the imperative duly of the Government of the United statea to oppose to such designs the most firm amide- lermniru resistance, to tun extent, it necessary ot an nealing to arms to prevent the accomuhshment of anv such designs. Tho Executive of the United States ought to be informed as to the aims and views of for eign powers with regard to Texas, aud I presume that, if there be any of the exceptionable character which I have indicated, the Executive will disclose to Ihe coordinate departments of the Government, if not to the public, the evidence of them. From what I have seen and heard, I believe that Great Uritain has re crutly lornially and solemnly disavowed any such amis or purposes has dec U red Uiat she is desirous only of the itideiwndcucc ot Texas, and that she has no intention to intefere in her domestic institutions. If she has made such disavowal and declaration, I pre sumo they aro in the possession ol the Executive. In the future progress ol events, it it probable that there will he a voluntary or forcible separation of the British North American possessions from the parent country. I am strongly iuchnvd to think that it will be weal lur the happiness of all parlies that, 111 that event, uiey should be erected into a separate and in- deiendent republic. With tho Canadian republic on one aide, that of Terns on the other, and the United States, the friend of both, between them, each could advance its own happiness, by such constitutions, laws and measures, as were best adapted to its peculiar condition. They would be natural allies, ready by co-operation, to repel any foreign attack umn either. Each would afford 1 secure refuge to the per secuted and oppressed driven into exile by either of the others. I hey would emulate each other in im pmveineuta, in free institutions, and in the science of aelf government. While I exas has adopted our Con stitution as the model of hers, she has, iu several im portant particulars, greatly improved upon it. Although I have felt compelled, front the haturo of Ihe inquiries addressed to me, to extend this romtnu mention to a much greater length than I could have wished, I could not do iustire lo the subject, and fair ly and fully expose my own opinions in a shorter space. In conclusion, they may he atstid in a few words to be, that I consider the annexation of Texas, at this tune, without the assent ol Mexico, is a measure compromising the national character, involving ill certainly in war with Mexico, probably with other loreign powers, dangerous to the integrity ot the union, inexpedient in the presi nt financial condition of Ihe country, and not called for by any general expression 01 punno opinion. I am respectfully, your obedient servant, II. CLAY flTThe New York Board of Aldermen have voted swords to Gens. Tavhr, Scott, Wool and Worth, in honor ol the vie lotus of lucna Vista and Vert Liui. Democracy Testifying of Itself. The following passage from Mr. Westcott'i speech in the Senate, recently, does not give a very flattering picture of the results of that democratic ascendency which General Jackson brought into high places, and which now appears in its latest development ai personated and epitomised by Mr. Polk. " I warn the Democracy of this country, the people of this country, that they do not know one-twentieth part of the corruption, the feculent, reeking corruption in this respect for years past. I tell the oeoole of this country that the government and institutions of this country have been and will be used as a machine to plunder them for office beggars, and to perpetuate the possession of political power. 1 solemnly" believe, if the people of the United Slates knew the manner in which their government wai conducted, if they could be all assembled at the city of Washington, they would be excited to kick up a revolution in twenty-tour hours, which would tumble the Presi dent, heads of departments, both houses of Congrecs, democrats and whiga, heels over head into the Potomac, and 1 believe they would act right in so doing." The Senator puts Whigs and Democrats together here with 1 most indiscriminate sweep but what have the Whigs to-do with the conduct of the government for years past saving and excepting tho brief interval in which the 27th Congress managed to get Tyler 'a leave to do a few good things. But after tho general iuimerson in the Potomac, as above proposed, what guarantees would the Senator find that tlio officials put in the places of those sent into the river to be washed or drowned as might happen what guaran tees would ha find that the new incumbents would not prove as corrupt as the old? The officials of a popular government what are they but the offshoots of the governing masi representatives of the system in which they act and of the people in whose name they act ? It might as well be supposed that by pluck ing on tne ir uit, ripe or unripe, 01 a proliho tree, it would not bear fruit of the mine kind next year, as to suppose that th entire removal of the present set of officials at Washington would not be followed br an other uf the same lort. Tho successors might bo worse for tho principle of tho spoils" must continue, as it spreads more and moro widely and enter more deeply into tho political heart nf the country, to degrade and corrupt more thoroughly wherever its operation reaches, and as time advances. Halt. Ameri can, STATE CONVENTION. Hci pause of the Press. Wero tho mass of public sentiment on tho lubiect tho existing war upon Mexico, concentrated so a to bear fully upon the legitimate war-making and war- terminating power, we have no doubt, its force would be omnipotent and compel to such overture on tho part of our Government as would lead to a speedy and satisfactory peace between tho two heligereut countries. But how is public sentiment on this subject to be concentrated in such 1 manner ns to press with ill its weight on the legitimate war-tennmating power ? We lee no way in which the object ran lie ao well effected is by the action of the people in their primary assemblies and Slate Conventions. Let Ihe mas of the people who oppose the war with Mexico, assemble in State- Conventions, embody their sentiments and send them forth to the powers that be, in tones 01 remonstrance that cannot be misunderstood. Ohio owe it to herself, to the Union, and to the cause of justice and humanity to move in this matter, and let ner voice ne heard and luiiy understood. Already has her voice ot truth and power extended far and wide through the medium of hr I'orrWn, her Vein no, her Hoot, and others of her faithful Representativeva in the council of the nation. But let her citizens irrespective of party assemble in State Convention, and unite in an expression of sentiment on this subject, which shall go forth as the concentrated voice of Ohio, lo her sister States and the world. Jf. Vernon Times. A Good Suooustjoh. The Ohio State Journal submits lo the Press throughout the State, the propri. ety of calling a State Convention to deliberate upon the present position and prospects of our national af. fairs. Wo hope tho suggestion will meet with approval, and bu speedily acted upon. Logan Gatctte. We, of tho Hepublic, without consultation with the Whigs of Clark, but speaking for ourselves, say no. Tho only " anti-war convention" in time of war whose assembling can produce any good result, will meet in Washington city on the fjth of December next. unless President Polk summon in extra session of Congress. That convention will be a Whig convention. It can speak with authority, and it will put a stop to the bellowings of the cannon, and the shrieks of the wounded and Qying.-Springjirld Republic. A Cosvmtioh to be held at Columbus, soon, of the Whigs of Ohio, lo deliberate on tho Blato of publio sffnirs, is proposed, and advocated by several papers. Probably such a measure would bo of great advantage to the Whigs of the Slate, enabling them twlter to understand the feeling of one another, and act more iu harmony. Oaytonian Wkm. Paid. Senator Breeze of Illinois, is thought to havo been better paid for his vote against the" Wil-mot Proviso," than almost any other man. To be sure he had but one son appointed a midshipman, and one brother promoted to an important command in the navy. But then he had one son-in-law snado a Postmaster in Illinois, one son-in law made a Lieutenant in one of the Regiments established by the late ten regiment bill, and from six to twelve of hi own especial favorites (who once pledged themselves to oppose any other candidate but him for U. 8. Senator,) appointed to various offices within a very short time without consultation with the balance of the Illinois delegation. Marietta InteJIigencer. From the I'horiixville, Pa., Pioneer, lit; hind the Curtain. If by some magic, the chamber of the heart could lie laid open lo our gaze, and we could look through the outward seeming of those wo meet, down lo the concealed springs by which they aro moved the silent, groping thoughts, unacknowledged to all but themselves, which, mure than their actions, declare the soul's brightness or gloom we should shrink back in utter amazement at the startling revelation. We should find that many a calm, smooth brow wa hut a mockery of the item passions which have warjied and wrinkled the heart that the loud protestations uf pure and lofty feeling, often mask a spirit, "Colder h:in the. slab Unsunned beneath Pnntcllcus " We should find many a stern, unyielding face tone the passionless index of a soul overflowing with warm and generous affections, many an humble, unaspiring creature, whose thoughts walked co-equal with the proudest spirit- of the world, and haply many a branded outcast, whose soul was whiter in the eye of a just God, titan others laden with dignity and honor the idols of a fickle multitude. Who knows but the hearts of thousands, born to a heritage of want aud toil, throb with a deeper happi-ness than the pampered children of luxury, whose live seem but as a bright dream, passed among all things beautiful ? Who knows hut l he humble peasant, faraway from the troubled life of courts and cil-ies, may not posses a power mighlier to mould the world destiny, than the conquerors who tread on tho heads of subject nations ? If the truth could lie known, would not some nf our brightest stars be blotted out from the sky of fame, and a hmt of constellations hitherto unseen, burn suddenly through the oblivion of the past ? This thought of the hidden life within, which hai in it something inhhuie and fearful, should be a haunt, ing admonition to preserve the soul purity. A single crime, though concealed forever from the world, may leave a blasted void in a mind naturally great and noble. Selfishness, which, if uuchcrKcd, is the very incarnation of evil, mny keep the heart bitter, though the tongue be musical with honied sentences. It is the noble solace of the good and the true, when assailed by slander, or suffering under the world malignity, that they are justified to thrnnelrts that no persecution can darken the sacred chandlers of their own mills. The rapt votary of science may be reviled as a heretic, and the far-seeing prophet or poet see lied at aa a madman, but there is a proud confidence iu the depth of their spiritual natures, which, sustaining them through every trial, foretells the tardy reparation nf the future. Bo content then, with yourselves. If, behind the veil which hide these inner mysteries, all ia fair and pure, aa you would have men believe, be satisfied with your lot, however hard, nor covet another whose pro, penty may be allied with greater evil. It is a noble proverb which wo met with the other day ' There i 110 surer sign of a great mind, than to be abovsrnry." Growth or the Wrst. The following eloquent allusion to the rapid growth and improvement uf the west, ia from the Cleveland Herald report of Gen. Casa1 lecture : Gen. Cass remarked that about fifty years igo he stood upon the summit of the Alleghanies, ami looked out upon t.he unbroken wildernesa extending over the vast area now occupied by (hr Statea of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, and having a population of only ;i(i,00tl. Now 5,000,1100 of intelligent freemen are here pursuing the various avocation of honorable enterprise and industry. Then the glassy surfaces of our beautiful rivers were rippled only by the light canoe of tho red man; now nine hundred floating palace ride nn the current of the great Father of Waters and Ins tributaries. Then the " multitude marine" of our great lake wa comprised into one solitary vessel ; now five hundred are scarce rqnil to the demands of commerce on these inland seas. He, with his early lamented tnend, Gen. Ilnnson, had frequently met largo number of the aboriginal possessors of the noil, in peaceful council, and on thebat-lie-field ; now they have traversed the uttermost con-tines of civilisation, aud stand looking out upon the boundless Pacific. He had, when in Europe, spoken ef the magnitude And suddenness of the improvements witnessed by tho villey of the Mississippi, and they were received with great incredulity. " From the N. O.Delta. The Great Western. The runaway waiter Her opinion of Gen. Taytor-iler conttmpt of cowardice The death oj Capt. Lin-win Her passion gives way to regret Evidence of her esteem for the brave dead. The "Great Western," or "The Heroine of Fort Brown, as she is often called, still sticks to the army. Indeed it 11 only when she is abroad with the soldiers that she appear to be at hnnia. At the present time her tent is pitched at Saltillo, whsr the exhibit the tame rough-and-ready-good-nature, the same esprit du corps which ha distinguished her since sh "joined me army. &he keep a restaurat, or mess-house, more especially for tho officers, and give a kick lo a aucy customer, or a cup of coffee to a favorite one, ii :ijui lociiliy. Let any one say a word against Ihe American Ar my, and she is sure first to set him up, and then to knock hint down. One instance, by way of illustration : On the evening of th battle of Buena Vista, Feb. Slid, a little effeminate fellow, in all Die haste and the bewilderment of John Gilpin in hi involuntary equestrian feat from Islington, rode into Saltillo, and up to the quarter of the Great Western. He wa trembling so that one would imagine an invisible eleo- iniying maciuiie wn operating on hi nerve. , " Why, what's the matter with you, Mis Nancy what' ikcerud you now?" laid the "amiable host- a. ' "Oh, Mrs. Bourdetto Mrs. Hourdetto !" said the counterfeit soldier the apology for a man " we'll bo all slain by the Mexicans. Gen. Taylor i on the retreat ; it's all over with us; we'll be either shot, or sent to the mine. Oh I I would'nt car," he continued in a whining tone, " I would'nt care, but for my old woman, and three children in the State.'" " I know John, said she to mo when I was coming away, " I know your courage will get you into a scrape ; you are too impetuous, John," said she ; and it wa true mr ner. 11 1 wa not, l might mil be a waiter in a respectable reataurat in Nuw-Orlcan. Haintvou rot a cup of coffee for me, Mrs. Hourdette (such is the Great Western's matrimonial name) haint you got a cup of coffee for me, just to quench my thirst ?" " Not a drop, Watson," said tho Amazon woman of tho camp, sternly. " So you, you diminutive creature, whose heart had got the shaking ague you say that Gen. Tayior has retreated ?" " Oh, 1 saw it," said the little man. "saw it with my two eyes." h'i a no such thine said th Great West. ern, emphatically. Gen. Taylor never retreat. The American Army never retreats ; it never ha imce I joined it, nor ever before to my knowledge ; so clear uui you sauna you, or 1 11 give you what you did not wait long enough for the Mexican lo give you !" And here she brandished an old sword, which she had converted into a carving knife, over the head of the little man, from which he ran off still faster than ho ran from Buena Vista. This scene was not well over, when news arrived of the death of Capt Lincoln. On hearing it, the large knite tell trom her hand; ihe fell herself on to a chair, and wept tike a child. " You knew Ihe Captain well, did you not, Mr. Bourdetlc?" said a person present. " Knew him !" said she. wiping the biff tear from her bronzed face with her greasy apron "Knew him ! I didn't know any one else. It was he that enlisted me six years ago, in Jefferson Barracks, shortly alter my first husband joined the regiment; and we have lived together, that is, ho has eat at my table, all the time since. Ah, there was no runaway in him. Hut, poor urar man, 1 must go and see to him thia very night, lest them rascally greasers should strip him, and not knowing him, I could not give him decent burial." Off she went to the blood stained battle-field, sought among the dead and dying till she found out the comae of the brave Captain, which she brought to Saltillo, uau aecently interred. he now keeps his sword and other equipments, and vows not to part with the 111 through life. The Caphin did go through the mock ceremony ef an enlistment with tho heroine of f ort Brown, and she was not by any means ihe least brat person whom he took into tho sen ice of Uncle Sam. STAMPinr.9. Wo find in the Mount Morris Spectator a letter from Dr. Myron Mills, a son of the late Oen. Wm. A. Mills, of Alt. Morris, who went to Santa Fe aa a Surgeon in Gen. Kearney's Regiment, from which wo take tho following: " It may not be uninteresting to your reader to know how the Indian effect stampedes upon horse, and succeeded in driving off large number they do sometimes, and that too, even from a strong guard. Twenty or thirty Indiana mounted on mules will ride up in the nighl 11 near to the camp or place where the horses are grazing, aslhey think they can without being discovered by the guard; then they divided off in squads of five or six and plant themselves in almost every direction, (if the shape ot the ground will admit of it,) around the camp. Then one or two Indians will creep up near the horses, and whilst lvine- on the ground make sudden frightful noises, with horse-fiddles or some other instrument. The horse bound upon their feet, throwing their head up, and all at once make a break " en masse." If they are picketed, they now draw the pickets or break the la rootles, and away they go, perfectly regard Ies of tents, guard, and every thing else. A anon a tney approach near any of t'C Indian on their mule, they commence spurring, and away thev go in the direc- tion of their home; the horses not approaching near enough to learn the deception, follow on after the mules, supposing them no doubt to be bows, whilst Uie remaining lud sns pursue them from behind, and thus irighten and drive liiem on. In tins way, they often drivo off several hundred horses in one "stampede," and afterwards secure them all. It i a erand. yet fearful tight to see a large number of horse in a stampede. When encamped upon the Arkansas river near Bcnt'i Fort, I saw upon the opposite side of tho river (some 01 ine troops had crossed over to obtain grass for the animals,) NIHI horses in a stampede. They took fright simply from an antelope jumping and bounding through the camp, and that too, in daylight. The rattling of the iron mckets and the rum bling of the earth wa distinctly heard on that occasion for two mile. About uO of the bone were en- tircly lost.' Good llutter. " Is your butter good ?" aaid I to tho farmer. " Good ! my wife ha mad butter these twenty ycara and I should think the ought to know bow to make good butter by this lime! lie was rvidently offended. " Well, let us examine it." The cover was taken nffthotub; the clean white cloth, (which had been wrt in brine,) rolled up, and the yellow treasure re-Vesled. It certainly did look good. " It tastes sweet, but how very salt it is." " We always make our butter sslt to' have it keep at thia season." " Let us see if the buttermilk isaa well worked out as the salt is in." Some ol the roll were pressed down with the ladle. "Nuw my friend, if your wife has made butter these twenty years, she does not know how to make good ( for no butter can be good until the buttermilk is workout. If that is done, you need not salt it so much to havo it keep well in any place. A very little cire and labor would have made this butter excellent; but lacking that little, it is only a second quality, a you shall acknowledge, when I show you a sample of good butler.We went in and 1 took up a roll from a creek of first rate butter. It was smooth, clear and handsome ; the hand of woman had not been nn it from the tune it had lelt the churn uuhl now, all the work had been done with the ladle. If yon get s drop nf nuttermilk from that butter you shall have thf whole free." now taste this, and your nwn. and aav. hnnestlv if you would not give a higher price for this than your "i... ui.uk m mpc now ciear ami transparent these minute globules are, and how intimately blended with the mass. Until all these disappear the butter will not keep long when they are ever ao slightly colored by the milk.'T a 0 The farmer simply remarked that there i a difference in all butter, aud left to find a less critical and more ready customer. It ia strange that when every body love good butler, and i willing to nav for it. nil. f.rni.ra' mvh .ml iIiuij;Mit do nol l.kc pain lo ni.kr brtler .rliclc. It i. Ihe woman', hull lint wa harr poor butter mri-orally, and wr .hall hold hci rraponaililc. V. w prrm lly c.ijr lo tniac food bullir. Tlw only rcquiattp ia caru. Ijond huttrr will ahraya anntmand a good price in tho dulkal mark.'t, while poor butter ia a drug at any prire. When any of my lady rradrra make tutlter again, ju.l let them imagine thul 1 am to havo a niee hit of hread and butler with tl i, and thai I ahall deteel the lea.t panicle of milk, and that 1 am not fond of loo much aalt. 0M 'arinrr. In the coniw nf a denote in the Oritiiu Houa of Common., Lord John Kuiaell took occasion to say i " I wi.li to arail my aelf of thia i.pporlunity to atato that I have observed with great phaaure aiidaali.liitw linn the m.gniticent ailhacnptions that have been raised in the United Blatra of America for Hie relief of the de.titute poor in thia ciiunlrv and in l.l.nH I llnnk it is not improper in thia House, for nw, a Urit. i.h auhjeet, to stale tint 1 am ealreuiely gratified lo lind that Ihe United Hlatea have not forgotten their common origin ; and Hist, actuated hy charitable reelings, they are making great cjcrlmna lo collect huge urn. of money for ihe relief of the ousting distress. ' I.itti a Miaui Halt. road. It will b. wen by an advertisement in to-day's (iaiclle, that the. Mad Hieer lliilroad ia complete to llellelnnlaine, and that, on Monday, Mny :id, .new arrangement will commence, by which the traveler mav reach the city of New York from Cmonnat, in thri.diyi and . Cm. Osi.

W Hi Hi (LY 0 TO nn a m I v 1 JJJ JO RNAT. 1 1 JLJLJl VOLUME XXXVII. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 28, 1847. NUMBER 35. PUBI.ISHKn KVKKY WEDNESDAY MORNING, BY WILLIAM.- B. Til BALL. Office in the Journal Building, south-east corner of High tract nnd tSutforalley. T K RMS: Tun rtin.i n PT.n annum, which mav bedisehanfed by the payment of Two Dollars in advance, and free of r n ntnrn to Aircllti nr (lolifirtOr. The Journal is also published daily during the session of the legislature, anil thrice a week tun roiuainuui 01 ine year for 5ft; and throe times a week, yeay, for Jjf fc. ' TIIUK8DAY KVENG, AprilJlJi,281I James W. Bakkh, tho lad run over by the Hose Carriage, as noticed in our last, died of tho injury he received on that occasion, on yesterday morning. Mr. Clay's North Cnrolina Letter. Wo re-publish to-day, a letter written by Hekbt Cut some two years since.. Tho letter was extensively published, and very generally read about the time of its date. But the public mind was somewhat excited and inflamed ; and not in the best frame rightly to consider and appreciate the words nf wisdom conveyed in this letter. The relation in which the writer then stood to his fellow citizens, is (somewhat changed since the date ot tho letter. He is not now and in all human probability never will be, a candi. date for their sullrages. The people, then, so deeply interested in the subject-matter which this letter discusses, may afford to listen to the councils of a States-man and Patriot, derived from long and active experience in public affairs. The letter, we dare say, will now be read with fresh interest by many who attcn tivety considered its purport on its first publication. Something of what was then foreshadowed, has passed into history. Head the letter again. Scioto 4nzette. This old and staunch Whig Journal is oulfult-chisel for Gen. Taylor for the Presidency, and leaves the Vice-ship to be determined by a National Convention. Wo still adhere to the opinion that it is too early to begin tho canvas for the Presidency. And as to a National Convention, if such a thing is to be, we are of opinion that the arrangement of tho whole matter might as well be left to their consideration. A Nation, al Convention for the nomination of a Vice President merely, would bo an anomaly in " the usages of the democratic party." "The War." We lay before our readers to-day the leading article from tho Fubruary number of tho " Democratic Heciew," on the subject of The War." We do so, because the " Review " is the known and acknowledged organ of that party which assumes and arrogates to itself the name of " Democratic: " because the article is prepared with much more than the ordinary oare bestowed upon newspaper essays, and is embalmed in the monthly Review: because it is from the pen of one of the ablest writers of the Locofoeo party: and chiefly, because it avows with more boldness than we often meet with, the attroeious purposes for which The War" was instigated by our rulers, and is now being prosecuted. These are among the reasons which have operated to induce us to lay this document before tho readers of the Slate Journal and will doubtless induce on the part of the reader an attentive perusal of the article. The coolness with which the writer sneers at the impotency of " imaginary lines," in staying the. course of thaso who have undertaken to overrun a weak neighboring llupublic, " to work out a home fur them-elves and an inheritance for their children,' is in keeping with tho spirit of Locofocoiim, which acknowledges no "line" but that prescribed by power, and brooks no restraint but that prescribed by superior physical force. " The Mexican race note see, in the fitte of the aborigines of the north, their own inevitable destiny. TlIKHK CAB NO E3D TO TUB WAB SHORT or her ANNIHILATION AS A NATION." This, certainly, is cool as philosoply ! But how do these declarations comport with the oft repeated professions of the President of his ardent desire for a restoration of pacific relations? It is our "destiny" as Anglo Saxons, to exterminate tho Mexican race ! and they should submit to their ineritable doom with composure ! ! And still, it is not ourselves that are doing this 11 it exists through the act of Mexico." Tho Anglo Saxon race looks with a covetous eye upon the fair plains of Mexico, yielding almost spontaneously their rich tropical fruits they see the rich est mines of the continent in the possesion nf an enervated, semi-barbarian race, who will not speak our language nor adopt our habits. And straightway it becomes the "destiny" of the Anglo Saxons to an n I hi t.ATB the Mexican nation, and appropriate to their own uses the Mexican country its cities and towns ; its plains and its mines ! " The halls of the Montcsmnas" the no are 11 destined " for the " revel-lings " of tho victorious soldiery of the American Republic ! The Nueces the "great desert, designed by nature as a boundary betwuen the nations" tho llio Grande these are but mere imaginary lines." Our "destiny " cannot be restrained, or "held back by theories " which teach that any people have a right to a country longer, when it suits our purposes to wrest it from them. Are we not Anglo Saxons? And as such, are we not superior to the miserable Mrxicau race ? And do wo not, therefore, from our very " destiny," derive a " clear and indisputable right " to their country? Such is substantially the argument put forth, too, on behalf of a people calling themselves Christians!-- people professing faith in that system of religion which teaches them to "do unto others as ye would that they should do onto you." Let us lay aside that profession, or else cease prating about our "destiny," or the "inevitable doom" of the Mexican people. Tho suggestion that because the President has seen fit to involve us in a war, and that therefore M attempts to improve our internal condition must bo post fumed to the prosecution of the war, is a matter o which tho peo pie will take the liberty of judging for themselves. It was indeed a fearful responsibility which Mr. lolkaa umed, in adopting a system of measures which in vol red the eounlry in a conflict of arms. It was a responsibility which abler and better men would sedulously have avoided. Hut because his inconsiderate or wauton rashness chose a different course, we do not hold that all the other interests of the country are to bo abandoned, or go uncared for. Nor d i we assent, by any manner of means, to the declaration that "there is no alternative btt ween deep national disgrace and the tonquest of territory" Wo do not believe that either our " honor" or our "destiny" require the dismem berment of Mexico. We do not believe that our in trresl requires that we should avail ourselves, either by treaty or conquest, of one foot of her territory Hut on the contrary, wo do believe that the peace, the prosperity, and the perpetuity of our own Union, requires that we should promptly declare, at once and for ever, that no foreign territory, and least of all that of Mexico, shall be incorporated in our He public. If we, like our revolutionary fathers, entertain "a decent respect for the opinions of mankind," it is lime we should begin to set limits to our rapacity. Let us indeed practice upon the principle that Righteousness not conq vest exalteth a nation. Tnio honor does not con-list in oppressing the weak and there is no dishonor in extending justice even to our enemies. Baudrhi Vak Rr.nssr.LAKU. This name, onco familiar In the annals of Ohio, had well nigh passed into forgetfulnes. We have not met with it for fiv yean past, until wo met with the following paragraph, clipped from the New York Herald, of April lu. The reader who recogniio the name, will be struck with the freaks of fortune or of fancy, no less than the ups and downs of life to which we pour mortals aresubject: A Mr. Builders Van Rensselaer, of the State of Ohio, is about to bring a suit against the tenants of the manor, not Tor rent, but the land ilacM. Me claims under a will made by Kilhan, son of Johannes Van Hansselaer, dated the ld day of February, Uii7, the whole of Albany and Rensselaer counties, and three towns iu Columbia, vix: Claverack, Ghent and Green-port.A Curious Calculation What isahillion t The reply is very simplo a million times a million. This is quickly written and quicker still pronounced ; but no man is able to count it. You may count Hit) or 170 in a minute ; but let us even suppose that you may go as far as glill ; then an hour will produce 12,. (HHl; aday,JM,OtHt and a year of :Uw daj , 1H5,1'J0,. (HID. Let us suppose now, that Adiim at the first beginning of his existence had twgun to count, had continued lu do so, snd was counting still : he would not even now, according to the usually supposed age of our gioue, nave counted near enough, ror lo count a billion, lie would require 11,01 H years, :4 days, 5 hours ana ou minutes. The (JU est ion Answered. ' The question is often asked, " who can bo obtained to do this piece of writing?" We would state as information for strangers and citizens, that we recollect of having published a card, for Jambs D. Larixork, Esq., who tendered his services to the public, to get up in a neat manner all instruments oi writing sucn as mortgages, deeds, bonds, &c, and making copies of every thing which require pun and ink in tho execu tion. We have no doubt Mr Lanmore is still willing to accommodate one and all, and the r fore recommend inquirers to call on him at Sioayne ) Hates, Uw ojjiee. If it were necessary wo would vouch for his ability and promptness. We understand he charges extreme low prices, desiring rather to give satisfaction than to make money. Afmr Correspondence Letter from a member of Capt. Sanderson's Cnmpsny, dated Camp Washington, bkar Vkra Chvi, April I, 1847. When in the lonely watches of the night, or lying securely in my tent, or when about to face the enemy in a deadly conflict in fact, let me be where I would during this nampaign, in tho enemy's country, I have feltoften feelings, which, in all my rambles, have here tofore been strangers to my bosom. They are those of utter loneliness in this world. If you could bo here and just see tho avidity with which we poor devils of soldiers surround a mail just from the Slates, you would always be convinced of the real value of on of these sheets of paper covered With hycroglyphtcs, and called a letter. On this topic I will say nothing more, but leave your good sense to give you the hint. Well, now for the news Vera Crui, the stronghold of Mexico is ours the American flag waves over the castle and city so long deemed impregnable, from whose ramparts for twenty days past the Dons have hurled death and defiance at us in the shapo of shell and round shot; but it was of no avail, for Yankee skill and Yankee bravery conquers all. The great city which was fortified by French engineers, was obliged to capitulate after a siege of twenty days and a bombardment of three ; wo lost during the attack but nineteen men, while the loss of tho Mexicans cannot bo correctly ascertained, but it is cor- redly stated to be more than two hundred; for those that havo been in the city say that tho loss is much greater but lei it be what it may, tho city is ours, and that is all we played for. For the particulars of the whole affair, you have only to read the papers to in form yourself. There was but little fighting done ex cept some skirmishes, in which our regiment did more than any other, tor during the whole siege, there were Mexican troops lying a few miles back from the city, who endeavored to break into the town through our lines, but they were not able to do it, lor the Kitlomen were always on the out pickets ready to repulse them, or to fi ght cither, when they would show Tight, which was not often ; and when they did muster courage to attack us, they soon got enough of it. In our com. pnuy we had one man badly wounded, and not one killed ; but we can all say that we have smelt powder, and stood up to be shot at, and had the bullets whistling about our ears. The Mexican shoot too high, and take no aim; on the contrary, wo with our nlles take good aim, and when we saw a Mexican's face he was iure to die (officers, particularly ) They know the Riflemen with their dark clothing and yellow stripes, and dread them as a plague; and well they may, for they are called by our own people here u murderous set. But we are obliged to tight, for to a Rifleman no quarter is shown by the Mexicans, and when one in taken prisoner the nearest tree serves lor his deathbed. (Comfortable, isn't it') However, we don't fear them or their customs, for we can whip any n'imbcr of Mexicans, and are ready at any time to face an equal number of any troop in the world. t is admitted by all here that ours is the mostclhcieut regiment in the army. We have done more work and nil'irud more hardships than either regiment here. When we landed below the city we had tour days' pro visions in our have marks ; they had to last us eight, having nothing but fresh beef to fill up with, and for days no bread at all. It seemed hard, but we endured it then, and can again. We have inarched whole days under a hot sun, over sand hills and through chnpparcl bushes, with only one canteen full of water. Hut for all I have never enjoyed better health than at present, ith the exception ot a slight touch ot diarrhea. In our company we have only three or four sick out of seventy men, and one of them is a wounded man who is crippled for life. Hut 1 weary you. Our future destination is not known it is supposed by all here that this will end ihe war ; it it should not we will be inarched to the city of Mexico before the sickly season commences ; for if we should attempt to summer here, next tall there would not be one thousand men let I or the whole army, for it is one of tho most unhealthy places in the known world and it would bo madness for tho army to stay hero and die. Write me often, and send me papers, one every day if you will, for a letter or newspaper is the greatest treat we can have. l ours, Is. Ki. Al. Titi test from Monterey and the Itlo C.rnnde Tke Humored Untile unfounded The wounded dying at aaiiiitot-rrea ana Morales itritcn across the Mountains i'ursuit of t'anales. The steamship Telerranh, Cant. Auld, arrived at New Orleans on the loth iustant, from the braxoa, whenee she h it nn the tith inst. At Sallillo,on the 1WJ ult , and Monterey, nn the il-Uh, everything was quiet, and no apprehensions were entertained of a different state of things ensuing there. Very many of the wounded, both Americans and Mexicans, were dying at Siltillo. 1 ho rep irt brought to the city by pie Hirers on board the schooner " Henry L'mg,' on Fndav, that i battle hail been fought between ren. Tayl'ir and tho forces under Gen. Lrrea and Cam Irs, proves to bo incorrect. Urrea kept hovering about Col. Curtis' command, but having been advised that Gen. Taylor, with a ptrly of 700 men, were advancing from Monterey, he withdrew his forces. On the IMli .Marrh Gen. lay lor met the division or Col. Curtis, and having been apprised that Morales had concentrated in the vicinity of Ramus with a command of some 4lH)0 men, he set out in pursuit nf the gallant General. He followed him as far as Caiilere- ta, but his force should be literally flying artillery to overtake him, and it is doubtful if they would even then he hid crossed clear over the mountains. (Jen. Taylor had returned to the camp near Monterey, where Llhe men were quietly enjoying a respite from their fa tigue. As we have already hinted, it 11 understood to be the design of Gen. Taylor, as soon as he gets the ne cessary reinforcements, to march on to Saltillo, and, at a point between that and Mexico, form a junction with (ten. ttcoti. A letter reeeivrd by the Matainorai Flag, dated liuena Vuta, I'ith March, states that all was quiet; that tho wounded were mending rapidly, and give the soul-inspiring information that, according to instructions from Gen. Taylor hefore leaving, upwards of forty mule loads of provisions had been sent from Ins camp to Kncaruacion for the use of the wounded Mexicans, who were in the hospital and in a state of starvation. Tho writer juntly says the humane of su-'h an act is beyond all praise, and though great is the glory whieli Gen. Ta)lur has acquired by a succession of splendid victories over the Mexican, all he has gained in this way sinks into imngninVauce compared with the humanity of this act, and which he has always shown the fallen enemy. According to an order imiied nn the 3d ult , the Louisville Legion is to more from Monterey to Agua Nueva. The 1st and 3d Ohio Regiments are to compose the garrison nf Monterey under the order nf Col. Curtis. Two companies of the 'id Ohio Regiment are to be posted at the Rinconda pass, between Monterey and Saltillo, and the remainder of the Rrgiment under the immediate orders of Col. Morgan is to report to Gen. Wool. The Colonel of tho Kentucky cavalry is to establish his headqiiarlers at Cernlvo, with four companiea, two companies will be posted at Msnn, and two at Punta Aquaila. Tho remaining companies are to lwnit orders. The duty of the regiment is to protect tho coiiimunicstion below Monterey, its Colonel receiving special instructions trotn head quarters. Tiik CinRTr.R Ei-ix-Tin In the city nf New York resulted in the suceeM of Hrndy, (Whig) for Mnynr, hr a majority of The vole isthusgivon in tho l Ural d : MAYORALTY VOTR. At-iiir, 14iJ. Arm i., 1847. MrtreV lI'Mg. IUm. Cat. Whig. Dim. Jttil. 1 7i:t HH 7 KT7 HI7 II W ' ftf lift .tt 4:11 W 3 KH!1 M'.l LUrli 4.IH It's 4 ti'"J )i'7 I7( r-J M L) r hum in 1:1 :m im m A7, i:io wi m-i wm r 7 Urr Wi 4h K7:t i:i7ti kv H 14l IImH 741 l'.t',7 l(i;t.' uw 9 i:tJ 1M7 17H !M l.M'.i :t!'7 10 r!m iw !ihw h 11 .... tf 1.'H K' I Hi'l 17MI 17 Vi 3; KM IKI I..V (i!4 117 1:1 r.-.u 1 :;.i; 7i;. wt u-7 14 ii?;i I.'.'J :tw i'i i:i:t'.i ir ii.vj :ti:i iix'ti :t'.'i r.y it; tm iio:t r.r.4 i:i;: i:vi K7 17 W1 RHi PJiu i;mi Kii! lti 5o: lino till &v.r n7:i mi Totals . . 1 r.,:i 1 ,'K7 a i ;i i h i n,r, 1 1 1 ,?j i That ttltt the trhote story ! The native vote has gone down from H,;i77 to 1,741. The Drmoeratie vote has fallen off from SW,h:w to !,fi. 7t Whig rote has ikcrkaseo from ir,;t'.Jt to 41,4181 The Baltimore Patriot thinks that " Mr. Polk will decline." No doubt of it. Ho is declining already. Louisville Journal, From the Democratic Keview. The War. The progress of the United States, from its first settlements at isolated points on the Atlantic border, has been one of continual territorial aggrandizement. Communities in their growth have constantly thrown fur-ward a race of hardy pioneers, before whom the savages have fallen back and the wilderness has been sub dued. Tho busy and enterprising settlers hare descended frotn the Alleghaiuus, occupied the plains, pushed across mighty streams, traversed the prairies, penetrated the passes of the Rocky mountains, and are even u w loading vessels in the harbors of the P initio, with produce that their industry has raised from the lands of its tributary streams, forming the genu of that great commerce, which few short years will find whitening tho Pacific with its canvass. Tho whole progress, which lias added 15 sovereign States to the Union, embracing an area of 500,00!) square miles, as well as millions of acres not yet formed into States or occupied by emigrants, has been but a continuation nf that pressure of emigration from the east, which the Roman empire was unable to resist, and which is destined to carry back to Ania the refinement of arts and tho influences of Christianly, gathered in a journey of two thousand years round the world, from east to west. The progress of the emigration in Europe was a military one. and was attended by the subversion of Status and the triumph of barbarism ; the strong arm 1 ol tho conqueror established those feudal customs! which tho people are but now gathering strength to shako off. On this continent the reverse hai been the I case barbarism has vanished before the intelligent and peaceful settler; States and civilized governments havo sprung up in tho path nf the emigrant, whnao march lias been supported and accelerated by the blessings he has left in his rear. As territory has been overrun, numbers have increased, and freo institutions havo insured to all a share of the growing national wealth. Unas been Democratic energy and enterprise that have Ifiven vigor to the movement and sustained our rapid growtn. vviien we say ueinocranc in 1111s connection, t may be understood in its less comprehensive sense, as it will be found that tho Democratic party, as op-poted to the nrtBtocratic tendencies and predilections of tho Federalists, through which the blessings of ci vilization have been extended over the continent. A proof of this is to bo found in the largo Democratic majorities of all the new mates. Wisconsin, as an in stance, sent as her first delegate to Congress a Democrat in IHihj, and no Whig has ever been elected, nor has there been a Whig majority in the Legislative assembly. It is the people who go forth into the wilderness to work out a homo for themselves and an inhcri-tencu for their children, in a hard struggle with nature and savagn. These are not to be staid in their course by imaginary lines, nor held back by theories which teach that a government is strong or a community well organized, in proportion only as numbers are co mi tied in a narrow limit, laboring to swell the profits of the aristocratic few. The country beyond the Sibiue offered to thf emigrant inducements to settle, and its (hen government added oihir allurements to draw on to the soil the hardy and intelligent race, whose vigorous in dustry had nt a few years placed the northern repub lic foremost among commercial nations. 1 ne tact was overlooked, however, that that race would bring with th em tho education, intelligence and faculty fur self-government, which would make the in unlit subjects n whom to vent the caprices 01 the mrimienl duels of a military anarchy ; and as soon as the articles of1 confederation by which Texas formed one of the United Mexican States were violated, without her consent, sho declared her independence, and bade defiance to the utmost power of the dictator, who was simple enough to suppose " that the gnarled oak could be twisted as easily as the young saphn ;" that the sturdy independence of emigrants from the north could be moulded to tho will of a military usurper. t he very virtues or the Anglo-saxon race make their political union with the degraded Mexican Spanish iinnoimible. The minsionaries of republicanism and civilization, who go out from among u, are sure to re turn into the bosom ot the nation with the fruits of their enterprise. The Mexican race now sec, in tho fate of tho aborigines of the north, their own inevitable destiny. They must amalgamate and be lost, in the superior vigor of the Anglo-Saxon race, or they must utterly penult. They may postpone the hour for a time, but it will come, when their nationality shall cease. It is observable, that, while tho Aniflo-Saxon race havo overrun th" northern section, and purged it of a vigorous race of Indians, the Spaniards have fuib d to make any considerable progress 11 1 the south. The. best es timate of the population of Mexico is 7,OU0,0o0 of which 4,.iOO,000 are pure-blooded Indians, and only 1,-000,004) of white Europeans and their descendants. From the data it is evident that the process, which has been gone through at the north, of driving back the Indians, or annihilating them as a race, has yet to be gone through at the south. The proud, raparious, and idle Spaniards have but poorly fulfilled their imvsinn. They havo neither civilixed nor chritianixed the peo ple, nor reclaimed tho country, in the poHsession of 1 which tiiev have been unuisturneii tor centuries, ine native Indians have been allowed to remain in their passive itate of idleneMS, as long as they could yield any thing to the rapacity nf their rulers, cleric il, civ-vd, or military. Tho descent of the northern race, now becoming imminent by the occupation of Texas, threatens speedily to change this state of thinirs. The mineral and agricultural wealth of Mexico, stron irly tempts the hardy emigrants, whom no toil diS' courages, no dangers appals ; and the lauds south of the Rio Grande are many ol them more desirable than those north of it Who shall say that the torrent of emigration, that tor two thousand years has been po ir- inn from the remote regions of Asia, across Europe, overturning empires in its course, nriuging the Atlantic peopling a new world, ami surging to its confines, shall lie stopped by the theories ot the Whig party, the voice of Daniel Webster, or the frown nf Santa Anna? All that the Spaniards have failed to do, remains yet In be done. The progress of emigration on this continent has hitherto been peaceful ; hut the Spanish race, to maintain their slithlul possession ot tho country they h"ld, have, in the madness of th"ir pride, attacked the eolossial p wer that is abut to overwhelm them. The result cannot be hut to hasten the event, which peace would, sooner nr later, have surely accomplished. A slate of war is entirely incompatible with our institutions ami Democratic form of government ; and when, in our progress as a nation, such a calamity over take ui, it becomes every ciluen to exert his ulmoal to bring that war to a speedy and honorable terimna turn. Every other consideration should be laid aside, and all energies exerted, 10 pusu tins war to a speedy nJ. With a nation like .Mexico, with whom no ac comodations can lo ho(l for, and, as sad exierienre has sh'iwn, no tnith in treaties, even when made, can be entertained, there can be no end to tlte war abort of her annihilation as a nation. 1 ho matter should ho taken in hand in the spirit nf Bonaparte's Bulletins, in commencing the friHsian war: u f ho House of lira' denburirh ha ceased to reign in Europe." His vigor 011s strokes ceased not until that edict was apparently accomplished, and a tew weeds sultteed for the pur pone, Of the lame nature should be our prneeedingii "The Spaniards have ceased to rule in Mexico.' should be the motto, and corps alter corps poured mat all (itiarters. nntil it is enacted. 1 he war is not a matter ot choice. It exists thrnuirh the acts nf Mexico, without any present prosMcl of peace. The known obstinacy ot the Spanish race, and the want of any respeetahle head to the Mexican irivernmetit, indicates that tho war can Ik ultimately b riiimated only by tho leixurn of all the large cities, including Alex ico, occupying them by strong garrison", and, while suppressing every species of Mexican mi. htary force, protecting tho people from every kmd of onpresonn, auu, auordinff security to property, throw ing trio wuoie oen 10 uw irre trade n ail nations. ; (ireat commercial and industrial interests will then irrow up. The capital of Europe, operating upon the great natural resources of that favored region, will soon proiiure sticn narriers to military aggressions, that the curse of Mexico, her military mountebanks, must cease to be ; once imnueti wnn me spirit ol commerce and industry, internal revolutions and external aggressions will become unknown. It is an acknowledged law of nations, that when a country sinks into a state of anarchy, unable to govern itseli, and dangnroua to its neighbor, it becomes the duty of the moat powerful of those neighbors to interfere and settle its attain. That such is the ease with Mexico, no one can deny ; and that tho anarchy which prevails there, rises from the ubience of the great conservati v interests of coin merce and manulaclurrs,is sell-evident. 1 he remedy is to introduce the latter ; and it can lie done only by overrunning the country, occupying its strong places, and suppros-ong us turmiicnt army- rn tune should be lost in etl'ectmg this great object. The coast cannot be held in the sickly season ; hut once purged of the banditti, and United Stales troops in possession of the back country, the coast can be left open to trade without fear of disturbance ; as, for instance, Vera Crux may not be occupied by a northern army in the summer months ; but the Mexican military oner driven out, a small United Statea force stationed at Jnlapa, 70 miles in its rear, overlooking the port, will command and pmlect tt ; and that place is described as the most desirable residence. It is not alone tho war and the expense, great though it be, that ia to be dreaded We aro rich and industrious, and having plenty of resources, can pay any sums A protracted war is, however, building up a great military interest, heretofore unknown ti our institutions. Tho great peril winch destroyed Mexico we are about to encounter. The long Spanish war of Indcpen. dence stilled her industry and smothered her commerce. No interest flourished but the military, and her liberties ultimately perished in itr giant gripe. This interest having no sympathy with industrial pursuits in its nature aristocratic, and harmontxing with all the splendid government theories nf the Whig party, is already rapidly growing among us. A few years only will consolidate ill strength, and spread its influence through all the ramifications of contractors and employee dependent upon war expenditures. Such an interest is one to be dreaded, perhaps more than any other when we jelled upon Ilia materials of strife within us, the rancour of party spirit, and the recklessness of fanaticism. Already has this war been prolonged to a needles length. The importance of the caat required that the city of Mexico should have been occupied by our troops in the fall, and that the Mexican Congress should have received propositions of peace from the United States government while our troops occupied their capital. There has, however, been but little disposition to push on the war. Twenty millions dollars and man) lives have been expended, while comparatively but little has been accom-dished, in most countries of Europe, England and France particularly, the " peace establishment" is on a scale which aulncei France to conduct a war in Algiers, and England one in China and India, with but little increase of expenditure. In this country, where democratic principles require the revenue to bo proportionate only to tho economical wants of tho government in time of peace, hostilities of any description require an extraordinary outlay, and to procure tho means by unusual expedients. At inch a time, therefore, every possible expenditure that oun be spared or postponed should be stopped while the war lasts. Every effort should bo made to raise promptly a sufficiency of means in men and money, and to make the debt necessarily contracted as small as possible. Thus, their improvement of rivers and harbors, how great soever may bo its importance to the welfare of tho country under ordinary circumstances, sinks into insignificance in time of war, compared with the necessity of speedy peace. ' Such appropriations should, therefore, be postponed until that peace is acquired. Tho war exists. There ii no alternative between deep national disgrace aud the conquest of territory. Tho blood aud treasure of the whole Union must be expended in the vigorous prosecution of the war. The inevitable results will be the acquisition of territories which will be tho common property of all the States. To incur, voluntarily, national dishonor, the dangers of a large military force superadded to enormous expense, with tho view of forcing peculiar notions upon one section of tho Union, is conduct too nearly allied to tho imbecile follies of our miserable neighbor, to meet with countonance or support from tho people at large. Henry tluy's Itnlclgh Letter Halkiuh, April 17, ld-14. To the Editors of the National Intelligencer : GfcKTi.EMKtf : Subsequent to my departuere from Ashland, in December last, I received various communications from popular assemblages and private individuals, requesting nn expression of my opinion upon the question of the Annexation of Texas to the United Slates. 1 have jure borne to reply to Ihem, because it was not very convenient, during the progress of my journey, to do so, aud for other reasons. 1 did not think it proper, unnecessarily, to introduce at present, a new element among the other exciting subjects which agitate and engross the public mind. The rejection of the overture of Texas, some yean ago, to become annexed to the United States, find met with g'-neral acquiescence. Nothing had since occurred materially to vary tho question. 1 had seen no evidence of a desire being entertained, on the part of any considerable portion of tho American people, that iexas sliotiiu become an integral part ol the I nited States. During my sojourn in New Orleans. 1 had. indeed, been greatly surprised, by information which 1 received from Texas, thai, in the course of last fall, a voluntary overture had proceeded from the Executive of (he United States to the authorities of Texas, to conclude a treaty of annexation ; and that in order to overcome the repugnance felt by any of them to a negotiation upon Ihe subject, strung, and as I believed erroneous reprerentatious had been made to them of a stale ot opinion 111 the Senate of the Liu tod States favorable to the ratification of such a treaty. According to these n picscntations, it had been ascertained that a number of Senators, varying from thirty-two were ready to sanction such a treaty. 1 was aware, ton, that holders nf Texas lands and Texas scrip, aud speculators iu them, were actively engaged in pro moting the object 01 annexation, bull, I did not believe that any Executive of the United States would venture upon so grave and momentous a proceeding, not only without any general manifestations of public opinion in favor of it, but in direct opposition to strung and oeuiueu expression ol puulic disapprobation. Hut it nppcars that I was mistaken. To the astonishment of tho whole nation, we are now informed that a treaty of annexation has been actually concluded, and is to be submitted to the Senate for its consideration. The motives fr my silence, therefore, no longer remain, and I feel it to he my duty to present an exposition of my views and opinions upon the question, for what they may be worth, to the public consideration. I adopt this tut t hod as licmg more convenient than several replies to the respective communications which t have received. 1 regret that I havo not the advantage of a view of the treaty itself, so as to enable me to adopt an expression of my opinion to the actual conditions and stipulations which it contains. Not possessing that opportunity, 1 am constrained to treat the question according to what I presume to be the terms of the treaty. If, without the loss of national character, without the hazard of foreign war, with the general concurrence of the nation, without any danger to the integrity of the Union, and without giving an unreasonable price for Texas, the question of annexation were presented it would appear in quite a different light from that in wlneh I apprehend, it is now to be regarded. The United Stati-s acquired a title to Texas, extending, as I believe, to the Rio Del Norle, by the treaty of Louisiana. They ceded and relmquithrd that t(llo to Spain by the treaty nf 1 H 1 )t by which the Srhme was substituted for the Rio del Norle as our western boundary. This treaty was negotiated under the administration of Mr. Muiirer,aiid with the concurrence of his Cabinet, of which Messrs. Crawford, Calhoun and Wirt, being a ninjority, all southern gentlemen, composed a part. When the treaty was laid before the House of Representatives, being a member of that body, 1 express the opinion, which I then entertained, and still hold, thai Texas was sacrificed to tho acquisition of Florida ; but 1 thought it must, from its poitition, inevitably fall into our possession; that the point of a few years, sooner or later, was of no sort of consequence, and that in giving five millions of dollars and Texas for it, we gave more than a just equivalent. Hut, if we made a great sacrifice 111 tho surrender of Texas, we mihl to take care not to make ton great a sacrifice in the attempt to re-acquire it. Aly opinions of the expediency nf the treaty of Hfl did not prevail. The country aim) Congress were satisfied with it; appropriations were made to carry it into eliect, the line of the Sabine was recoguixed by us a our boundary, in negotiations both wiih Spain aud Mexico became independent, and measures have hecu in actual progress to mark the line, from the Sabine to Red River, and then- c to the Pacific ocean. We have thus fairly alienated our tale to Texas, by solemn national comparts, In the fulfilment of which we stand hound by good faith mid national honor. It is therefore, perfectly idlo and ridiculous, if nut dishonorable, to talk of resuming our title In Texas as if wo hud never parted with it. We can no more do that than Spain can resume Florida, France Louisiana, or Great Britain tho thirteen colonies, now composing a part of the United Stales. Dunn; the administration of Mr. Adams, Mr Poinsett, Minister of the United States at Mexico, was instructed by me, with the President's authority, to propose a re-purchase nf Texas; but he forbore even to make an overture for that purpose. Upon his return to the United States, ho informed tue, at New Orleans that his reason for not making it, was, that he knew the purchase was wholly impracticable, and that he was pursuaded, that if he mnde the overture, it would have no other effect than to aggravate irrita tions, alredy existing, iiwn mailers of indillereneu between the two countries. The events which havo transpired in Texas, are well known. She revolted against tin government of Mexico, flew to arms, and finally fonjlil snd won tho memorable battle of San Jacinto, annihilating a Mex-iran army, and making a captive of the Mexican President. I'lio signal success of lint revolution was greatly aided, if liot wholly achieved, by citiseni nf the United States who had migrated to Texas. These succors, tf they could not always be prevented by the Government of the United States, were furnished in a manner and to an extent which brought upon us some national reproach in the eyes of 111 impartial world. And, in my opinion, they impose nn us the obligation nf scrupulously avoiding tho imputation of having instigated and aided th revolution with the ultimate view of territorial aggrandisement. A Her the battle of San Jacinto, the United States recognised the independence nf Teias, in conformity with the principle and practice which have always prevailed in their councils, of recognizing the government uis facto," without regarding tliu questiuu u de jure. " That recognition did not all'eet or impair the rights of Mexico, or change the relations which existed between her and Texas. She, on tho contrary, has preserved all her rights, and has continued to assert, and so far as I know, yet asserts, her rtght to reduce Texas to obedience, as a part of the republic of Mevico. According to late intelligence, it is probable that she has agreed upon a temporary iusHnaion of hostilities; but if that has liecu done, I presume it is with the purpose, upon the termination of the armistice, nf renewing the war and enforcing her rights, is she considers them. This narrative shows the present actual condition of Texas, 10 far is I have information about it. If it be correct, Mexico has not abandoned, but perseveres in the assertion ol her rights by actual force nf arms, which, if suspended, ire intended to be renewed. I ndtr these ctrcumstancrs, if the (iorrrnmrnt of the ( mild Slates tctre ta arnnirs Texas, it icou.'d acquire along with it all the incumbrances which Tims isnudtr, and among them the artwil or snspendrd tear hrttrrrn Mexico and Texas. Mf that const out net tkrrt cannot he a doubt. ANNEXATION AND WAR WITH MEXICO A HE IDENTICAL. Now, for one, 1 certainly am not willing to involve this country in a foreign war for the object of acquiring Texas. I know there are those who regard such a war with indifference and as a trilLnj illur, on account of tho weak ness of Mexico, and her inability to inflict serious in jury upon this country. Hut I do not look upon it thus iignuy. 1 regard all wars si great calamities, to be avoiuea, possible, and honorable peace as the wisest and truest policy of this country. What Ihe United States most need ire union, peace, and patience. Nor do 1 think that the weakness of a power should form a motive, in any case, for inducing us to engage in or to deprecate the evils of war. Honor and good faith and justice are equally due from this country towards the weaa as lowarus the strong. And, if an act ol injustice were to be perpetrated towards any power, ,t would be more compatible with the dignity of the nation, and, in my judgment, less dishonorable, to inflict it upon a powernu instead ot a weak foreign nation, uutare we perfectly sure that we should be free from injury in a state of war with Mexico? Have wo any security that countless numbers of foreign vessels, under the nuthority and ling of Mexico, would not prey upon our defenceless comrnerco in the Mexican Gulf, on the Pacific Ocean, and on every other sea and ocean ? What commerce, on tho other hand, does Mexico of fer, as an indemnity for our losses, to the gallantry and enterprise of ourcountryuicn ? This view of the sub- ject supposes that the war would be confined to the United States and Mexico as the only belligerents, tint havo we any certain truarantv that Mexico would obtain no allies among the great European pow ers? Suppoae any such powers, jealous of our increasing grealneiM, and disposed to check the growth and cr.pplo us, were to take part in behalf of Mex j ion in me wai, now would the ditterent belligerents present themselves to Christendom and the enlight ened world ? Wo have been seriously charged with an inordinate spirit of territorial aggraudiiemeut ; ! and, without admitting tho justice of tho charge, it must be owned that we have made vast acquisitions of territory within the last forty yean. Suppose Great Britain and France or one of them, wore to take part with Mexico, and by a manifesto, were to rociaun that their objects were to assist a weak and lelplesa oily to check the spirit of encroachment and ambition of an already overgrown Republic, seek ing still further acquisitions of territory, to maintain tho independence of Texas, disconnected with the j United b tales, and to prevent the further propagation of slavery from the United States, what would be the erteci 01 sucn allegations upon the judgment ot an I impartial and enlightened world? i Assuming that the annexation of Texas 11 war with Mexico, is it competent to the treaty-malting power to plunge his country into war, not only without the con currence of, but without deigning to consult Congress, to which, by the Constitution, belongs exclusively tiie power of declaring war? 1 have hitherto considered the question upon the supposition that the annexation is attempted without tho assent uf Mexico. If she. yields her consent, that wouiu materially ailed the toreign aspect ot the question, if it did nut remove alt foreign difficulties. On the assumption uf that assent, the question would be confined to the democratic considerations which belong to it, embracing the terms and conditions upon wnicii annexation is proposed. 1 do not think that Texas ought to be received into the Union, aa an in tegral part of it, in decided opposition to the wishes of a considerable and respectable portion of the con- ledernry, I think it tar more wise and important to compose aud harmonize the present confederacy, aa it now exists, than to introduce a new element of discord and distraction into it. In my humble opinion it should be the constant and earnest endeavor of American statesmen to eradicate prejudices, to cultivate and foster concord, and to produce general contentment among all parts of our confederacy. And true wisdom, it seems to me, points to the duly of rendering its present members happy, prosperous, and satisfied with each other rather than to attempt to introduce alien members against the common consent and with the certainly of deep dissnttstactiou. Mr. Jeffer son expressed the opinion, and olhen believed, that it never was in the contemplation of the framers of the Constitution to add foreign territory to the confederacy, out of which new Stales were to be formed. The acquisitions ol' touisi&ua and Florida may be defended upon the peculiar ground ot the relation in which they stood to the Stales of the Union. After thev were admitted, we might well pause awhile, people our vast wastes, develop; our resources, prepare the means of tleienuing wuat we possess, and augment our strength, power and greatness. If hereafter further territory should bo wanted for an increased population, we need entertain no apprehensions, hut that it will be acquired by means, it is to be hoped, fair, honorable andconstitutional. It is useless to disguise that there are those who es- pouse and those who oppose the annexation of Texas upon the ground of the influence which it would ex ert in the balance of political power, between two great sections 01 the Union. I conceive thai no motive for the acquisition of foreign territory would be more unfortunate, or pregnant with mure fatal conse quences, than that of obtaining it for the purpose of Birengineiiing one pari against anmiier part ot the com 1 11011 confederacy. Such a principle, put into practical operation, would menace the existence, if it did not certainly sow the setils of a dissolution oj the t niun. It would 00 to proclaim to the world an insatiable and unquestionable thirst for foreign confluent or acquisi tion of territory. For if to-day Texas be acquired to strengthen one part of the confederacy, to-morrow Canada may be required to add strength to another. And, after that uiiht have been obtained, still other and further acquisition would become necessary, to equalize and adjust the balance of political power. 1 umny, in me progress Ol llill spirit OI universal 0.U- minion, the part of the confederacy which is now weakest, would find itself stiil weaker from the im possibility of acquiring new theatres for those peculiar institutions which it ia charged with being desirous to extend. Hut would Texas, ultinintclv. reallv add strength to that which is now considered the weakest part of the confederacy ? 1 my information be correct it would not. According to that, the territory of Texas is susceptible of a division into five States of convenient sue and form. Of these, two onlv would bo adonted to those peculiar institutions to which 1 havo referred, and the other three, lying west and norlh of San Antonio, being only ad a .1 ted to farmiuir aud rrraiimr pur poses from the nature of their soil, climate, and pro ductions, would not admit of those institutions. In tho end, therefore, there would be two slave aud three free Slates probably added to the Union. If this view nf the soil and geography of Texas bu correct, it might serve to diminish the aval both of those who oppose uiio iiioso woo are urging annexation. Should Texas lie annexed to the Union, the Uni ted Statea will assume and become responsible for the debt of T exus, by lis Amount what it may. What it is, I do not know rertainly ; but the leisl 1 have seen it stated at is thirteen millions of dollars. Aud this responsibility will exist, whether there be a stipulation in the treaty or not expressly assuming the payment 01 'in- ueiu 01 iexas. ror 1 suppose it to be undenr able that, if one nation becomes incorporated in Kn ottier, nil tho debts and obligations, aud wan of the incorporated nation, become Ihe debts, and obligations and incumbrances, and wars of tho common nation created by the incorporation. If any European nation entertains any ambitious designs upon 'lexis, such as that of colonizing her or ill any way subjugating her, I should regard it al the imperative duly of the Government of the United statea to oppose to such designs the most firm amide- lermniru resistance, to tun extent, it necessary ot an nealing to arms to prevent the accomuhshment of anv such designs. Tho Executive of the United States ought to be informed as to the aims and views of for eign powers with regard to Texas, aud I presume that, if there be any of the exceptionable character which I have indicated, the Executive will disclose to Ihe coordinate departments of the Government, if not to the public, the evidence of them. From what I have seen and heard, I believe that Great Uritain has re crutly lornially and solemnly disavowed any such amis or purposes has dec U red Uiat she is desirous only of the itideiwndcucc ot Texas, and that she has no intention to intefere in her domestic institutions. If she has made such disavowal and declaration, I pre sumo they aro in the possession ol the Executive. In the future progress ol events, it it probable that there will he a voluntary or forcible separation of the British North American possessions from the parent country. I am strongly iuchnvd to think that it will be weal lur the happiness of all parlies that, 111 that event, uiey should be erected into a separate and in- deiendent republic. With tho Canadian republic on one aide, that of Terns on the other, and the United States, the friend of both, between them, each could advance its own happiness, by such constitutions, laws and measures, as were best adapted to its peculiar condition. They would be natural allies, ready by co-operation, to repel any foreign attack umn either. Each would afford 1 secure refuge to the per secuted and oppressed driven into exile by either of the others. I hey would emulate each other in im pmveineuta, in free institutions, and in the science of aelf government. While I exas has adopted our Con stitution as the model of hers, she has, iu several im portant particulars, greatly improved upon it. Although I have felt compelled, front the haturo of Ihe inquiries addressed to me, to extend this romtnu mention to a much greater length than I could have wished, I could not do iustire lo the subject, and fair ly and fully expose my own opinions in a shorter space. In conclusion, they may he atstid in a few words to be, that I consider the annexation of Texas, at this tune, without the assent ol Mexico, is a measure compromising the national character, involving ill certainly in war with Mexico, probably with other loreign powers, dangerous to the integrity ot the union, inexpedient in the presi nt financial condition of Ihe country, and not called for by any general expression 01 punno opinion. I am respectfully, your obedient servant, II. CLAY flTThe New York Board of Aldermen have voted swords to Gens. Tavhr, Scott, Wool and Worth, in honor ol the vie lotus of lucna Vista and Vert Liui. Democracy Testifying of Itself. The following passage from Mr. Westcott'i speech in the Senate, recently, does not give a very flattering picture of the results of that democratic ascendency which General Jackson brought into high places, and which now appears in its latest development ai personated and epitomised by Mr. Polk. " I warn the Democracy of this country, the people of this country, that they do not know one-twentieth part of the corruption, the feculent, reeking corruption in this respect for years past. I tell the oeoole of this country that the government and institutions of this country have been and will be used as a machine to plunder them for office beggars, and to perpetuate the possession of political power. 1 solemnly" believe, if the people of the United Slates knew the manner in which their government wai conducted, if they could be all assembled at the city of Washington, they would be excited to kick up a revolution in twenty-tour hours, which would tumble the Presi dent, heads of departments, both houses of Congrecs, democrats and whiga, heels over head into the Potomac, and 1 believe they would act right in so doing." The Senator puts Whigs and Democrats together here with 1 most indiscriminate sweep but what have the Whigs to-do with the conduct of the government for years past saving and excepting tho brief interval in which the 27th Congress managed to get Tyler 'a leave to do a few good things. But after tho general iuimerson in the Potomac, as above proposed, what guarantees would the Senator find that tlio officials put in the places of those sent into the river to be washed or drowned as might happen what guaran tees would ha find that the new incumbents would not prove as corrupt as the old? The officials of a popular government what are they but the offshoots of the governing masi representatives of the system in which they act and of the people in whose name they act ? It might as well be supposed that by pluck ing on tne ir uit, ripe or unripe, 01 a proliho tree, it would not bear fruit of the mine kind next year, as to suppose that th entire removal of the present set of officials at Washington would not be followed br an other uf the same lort. Tho successors might bo worse for tho principle of tho spoils" must continue, as it spreads more and moro widely and enter more deeply into tho political heart nf the country, to degrade and corrupt more thoroughly wherever its operation reaches, and as time advances. Halt. Ameri can, STATE CONVENTION. Hci pause of the Press. Wero tho mass of public sentiment on tho lubiect tho existing war upon Mexico, concentrated so a to bear fully upon the legitimate war-making and war- terminating power, we have no doubt, its force would be omnipotent and compel to such overture on tho part of our Government as would lead to a speedy and satisfactory peace between tho two heligereut countries. But how is public sentiment on this subject to be concentrated in such 1 manner ns to press with ill its weight on the legitimate war-tennmating power ? We lee no way in which the object ran lie ao well effected is by the action of the people in their primary assemblies and Slate Conventions. Let Ihe mas of the people who oppose the war with Mexico, assemble in State- Conventions, embody their sentiments and send them forth to the powers that be, in tones 01 remonstrance that cannot be misunderstood. Ohio owe it to herself, to the Union, and to the cause of justice and humanity to move in this matter, and let ner voice ne heard and luiiy understood. Already has her voice ot truth and power extended far and wide through the medium of hr I'orrWn, her Vein no, her Hoot, and others of her faithful Representativeva in the council of the nation. But let her citizens irrespective of party assemble in State Convention, and unite in an expression of sentiment on this subject, which shall go forth as the concentrated voice of Ohio, lo her sister States and the world. Jf. Vernon Times. A Good Suooustjoh. The Ohio State Journal submits lo the Press throughout the State, the propri. ety of calling a State Convention to deliberate upon the present position and prospects of our national af. fairs. Wo hope tho suggestion will meet with approval, and bu speedily acted upon. Logan Gatctte. We, of tho Hepublic, without consultation with the Whigs of Clark, but speaking for ourselves, say no. Tho only " anti-war convention" in time of war whose assembling can produce any good result, will meet in Washington city on the fjth of December next. unless President Polk summon in extra session of Congress. That convention will be a Whig convention. It can speak with authority, and it will put a stop to the bellowings of the cannon, and the shrieks of the wounded and Qying.-Springjirld Republic. A Cosvmtioh to be held at Columbus, soon, of the Whigs of Ohio, lo deliberate on tho Blato of publio sffnirs, is proposed, and advocated by several papers. Probably such a measure would bo of great advantage to the Whigs of the Slate, enabling them twlter to understand the feeling of one another, and act more iu harmony. Oaytonian Wkm. Paid. Senator Breeze of Illinois, is thought to havo been better paid for his vote against the" Wil-mot Proviso," than almost any other man. To be sure he had but one son appointed a midshipman, and one brother promoted to an important command in the navy. But then he had one son-in-law snado a Postmaster in Illinois, one son-in law made a Lieutenant in one of the Regiments established by the late ten regiment bill, and from six to twelve of hi own especial favorites (who once pledged themselves to oppose any other candidate but him for U. 8. Senator,) appointed to various offices within a very short time without consultation with the balance of the Illinois delegation. Marietta InteJIigencer. From the I'horiixville, Pa., Pioneer, lit; hind the Curtain. If by some magic, the chamber of the heart could lie laid open lo our gaze, and we could look through the outward seeming of those wo meet, down lo the concealed springs by which they aro moved the silent, groping thoughts, unacknowledged to all but themselves, which, mure than their actions, declare the soul's brightness or gloom we should shrink back in utter amazement at the startling revelation. We should find that many a calm, smooth brow wa hut a mockery of the item passions which have warjied and wrinkled the heart that the loud protestations uf pure and lofty feeling, often mask a spirit, "Colder h:in the. slab Unsunned beneath Pnntcllcus " We should find many a stern, unyielding face tone the passionless index of a soul overflowing with warm and generous affections, many an humble, unaspiring creature, whose thoughts walked co-equal with the proudest spirit- of the world, and haply many a branded outcast, whose soul was whiter in the eye of a just God, titan others laden with dignity and honor the idols of a fickle multitude. Who knows but the hearts of thousands, born to a heritage of want aud toil, throb with a deeper happi-ness than the pampered children of luxury, whose live seem but as a bright dream, passed among all things beautiful ? Who knows hut l he humble peasant, faraway from the troubled life of courts and cil-ies, may not posses a power mighlier to mould the world destiny, than the conquerors who tread on tho heads of subject nations ? If the truth could lie known, would not some nf our brightest stars be blotted out from the sky of fame, and a hmt of constellations hitherto unseen, burn suddenly through the oblivion of the past ? This thought of the hidden life within, which hai in it something inhhuie and fearful, should be a haunt, ing admonition to preserve the soul purity. A single crime, though concealed forever from the world, may leave a blasted void in a mind naturally great and noble. Selfishness, which, if uuchcrKcd, is the very incarnation of evil, mny keep the heart bitter, though the tongue be musical with honied sentences. It is the noble solace of the good and the true, when assailed by slander, or suffering under the world malignity, that they are justified to thrnnelrts that no persecution can darken the sacred chandlers of their own mills. The rapt votary of science may be reviled as a heretic, and the far-seeing prophet or poet see lied at aa a madman, but there is a proud confidence iu the depth of their spiritual natures, which, sustaining them through every trial, foretells the tardy reparation nf the future. Bo content then, with yourselves. If, behind the veil which hide these inner mysteries, all ia fair and pure, aa you would have men believe, be satisfied with your lot, however hard, nor covet another whose pro, penty may be allied with greater evil. It is a noble proverb which wo met with the other day ' There i 110 surer sign of a great mind, than to be abovsrnry." Growth or the Wrst. The following eloquent allusion to the rapid growth and improvement uf the west, ia from the Cleveland Herald report of Gen. Casa1 lecture : Gen. Cass remarked that about fifty years igo he stood upon the summit of the Alleghanies, ami looked out upon t.he unbroken wildernesa extending over the vast area now occupied by (hr Statea of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, and having a population of only ;i(i,00tl. Now 5,000,1100 of intelligent freemen are here pursuing the various avocation of honorable enterprise and industry. Then the glassy surfaces of our beautiful rivers were rippled only by the light canoe of tho red man; now nine hundred floating palace ride nn the current of the great Father of Waters and Ins tributaries. Then the " multitude marine" of our great lake wa comprised into one solitary vessel ; now five hundred are scarce rqnil to the demands of commerce on these inland seas. He, with his early lamented tnend, Gen. Ilnnson, had frequently met largo number of the aboriginal possessors of the noil, in peaceful council, and on thebat-lie-field ; now they have traversed the uttermost con-tines of civilisation, aud stand looking out upon the boundless Pacific. He had, when in Europe, spoken ef the magnitude And suddenness of the improvements witnessed by tho villey of the Mississippi, and they were received with great incredulity. " From the N. O.Delta. The Great Western. The runaway waiter Her opinion of Gen. Taytor-iler conttmpt of cowardice The death oj Capt. Lin-win Her passion gives way to regret Evidence of her esteem for the brave dead. The "Great Western," or "The Heroine of Fort Brown, as she is often called, still sticks to the army. Indeed it 11 only when she is abroad with the soldiers that she appear to be at hnnia. At the present time her tent is pitched at Saltillo, whsr the exhibit the tame rough-and-ready-good-nature, the same esprit du corps which ha distinguished her since sh "joined me army. &he keep a restaurat, or mess-house, more especially for tho officers, and give a kick lo a aucy customer, or a cup of coffee to a favorite one, ii :ijui lociiliy. Let any one say a word against Ihe American Ar my, and she is sure first to set him up, and then to knock hint down. One instance, by way of illustration : On the evening of th battle of Buena Vista, Feb. Slid, a little effeminate fellow, in all Die haste and the bewilderment of John Gilpin in hi involuntary equestrian feat from Islington, rode into Saltillo, and up to the quarter of the Great Western. He wa trembling so that one would imagine an invisible eleo- iniying maciuiie wn operating on hi nerve. , " Why, what's the matter with you, Mis Nancy what' ikcerud you now?" laid the "amiable host- a. ' "Oh, Mrs. Bourdetto Mrs. Hourdetto !" said the counterfeit soldier the apology for a man " we'll bo all slain by the Mexicans. Gen. Taylor i on the retreat ; it's all over with us; we'll be either shot, or sent to the mine. Oh I I would'nt car," he continued in a whining tone, " I would'nt care, but for my old woman, and three children in the State.'" " I know John, said she to mo when I was coming away, " I know your courage will get you into a scrape ; you are too impetuous, John," said she ; and it wa true mr ner. 11 1 wa not, l might mil be a waiter in a respectable reataurat in Nuw-Orlcan. Haintvou rot a cup of coffee for me, Mrs. Hourdette (such is the Great Western's matrimonial name) haint you got a cup of coffee for me, just to quench my thirst ?" " Not a drop, Watson," said tho Amazon woman of tho camp, sternly. " So you, you diminutive creature, whose heart had got the shaking ague you say that Gen. Tayior has retreated ?" " Oh, 1 saw it," said the little man. "saw it with my two eyes." h'i a no such thine said th Great West. ern, emphatically. Gen. Taylor never retreat. The American Army never retreats ; it never ha imce I joined it, nor ever before to my knowledge ; so clear uui you sauna you, or 1 11 give you what you did not wait long enough for the Mexican lo give you !" And here she brandished an old sword, which she had converted into a carving knife, over the head of the little man, from which he ran off still faster than ho ran from Buena Vista. This scene was not well over, when news arrived of the death of Capt Lincoln. On hearing it, the large knite tell trom her hand; ihe fell herself on to a chair, and wept tike a child. " You knew Ihe Captain well, did you not, Mr. Bourdetlc?" said a person present. " Knew him !" said she. wiping the biff tear from her bronzed face with her greasy apron "Knew him ! I didn't know any one else. It was he that enlisted me six years ago, in Jefferson Barracks, shortly alter my first husband joined the regiment; and we have lived together, that is, ho has eat at my table, all the time since. Ah, there was no runaway in him. Hut, poor urar man, 1 must go and see to him thia very night, lest them rascally greasers should strip him, and not knowing him, I could not give him decent burial." Off she went to the blood stained battle-field, sought among the dead and dying till she found out the comae of the brave Captain, which she brought to Saltillo, uau aecently interred. he now keeps his sword and other equipments, and vows not to part with the 111 through life. The Caphin did go through the mock ceremony ef an enlistment with tho heroine of f ort Brown, and she was not by any means ihe least brat person whom he took into tho sen ice of Uncle Sam. STAMPinr.9. Wo find in the Mount Morris Spectator a letter from Dr. Myron Mills, a son of the late Oen. Wm. A. Mills, of Alt. Morris, who went to Santa Fe aa a Surgeon in Gen. Kearney's Regiment, from which wo take tho following: " It may not be uninteresting to your reader to know how the Indian effect stampedes upon horse, and succeeded in driving off large number they do sometimes, and that too, even from a strong guard. Twenty or thirty Indiana mounted on mules will ride up in the nighl 11 near to the camp or place where the horses are grazing, aslhey think they can without being discovered by the guard; then they divided off in squads of five or six and plant themselves in almost every direction, (if the shape ot the ground will admit of it,) around the camp. Then one or two Indians will creep up near the horses, and whilst lvine- on the ground make sudden frightful noises, with horse-fiddles or some other instrument. The horse bound upon their feet, throwing their head up, and all at once make a break " en masse." If they are picketed, they now draw the pickets or break the la rootles, and away they go, perfectly regard Ies of tents, guard, and every thing else. A anon a tney approach near any of t'C Indian on their mule, they commence spurring, and away thev go in the direc- tion of their home; the horses not approaching near enough to learn the deception, follow on after the mules, supposing them no doubt to be bows, whilst Uie remaining lud sns pursue them from behind, and thus irighten and drive liiem on. In tins way, they often drivo off several hundred horses in one "stampede," and afterwards secure them all. It i a erand. yet fearful tight to see a large number of horse in a stampede. When encamped upon the Arkansas river near Bcnt'i Fort, I saw upon the opposite side of tho river (some 01 ine troops had crossed over to obtain grass for the animals,) NIHI horses in a stampede. They took fright simply from an antelope jumping and bounding through the camp, and that too, in daylight. The rattling of the iron mckets and the rum bling of the earth wa distinctly heard on that occasion for two mile. About uO of the bone were en- tircly lost.' Good llutter. " Is your butter good ?" aaid I to tho farmer. " Good ! my wife ha mad butter these twenty ycara and I should think the ought to know bow to make good butter by this lime! lie was rvidently offended. " Well, let us examine it." The cover was taken nffthotub; the clean white cloth, (which had been wrt in brine,) rolled up, and the yellow treasure re-Vesled. It certainly did look good. " It tastes sweet, but how very salt it is." " We always make our butter sslt to' have it keep at thia season." " Let us see if the buttermilk isaa well worked out as the salt is in." Some ol the roll were pressed down with the ladle. "Nuw my friend, if your wife has made butter these twenty years, she does not know how to make good ( for no butter can be good until the buttermilk is workout. If that is done, you need not salt it so much to havo it keep well in any place. A very little cire and labor would have made this butter excellent; but lacking that little, it is only a second quality, a you shall acknowledge, when I show you a sample of good butler.We went in and 1 took up a roll from a creek of first rate butter. It was smooth, clear and handsome ; the hand of woman had not been nn it from the tune it had lelt the churn uuhl now, all the work had been done with the ladle. If yon get s drop nf nuttermilk from that butter you shall have thf whole free." now taste this, and your nwn. and aav. hnnestlv if you would not give a higher price for this than your "i... ui.uk m mpc now ciear ami transparent these minute globules are, and how intimately blended with the mass. Until all these disappear the butter will not keep long when they are ever ao slightly colored by the milk.'T a 0 The farmer simply remarked that there i a difference in all butter, aud left to find a less critical and more ready customer. It ia strange that when every body love good butler, and i willing to nav for it. nil. f.rni.ra' mvh .ml iIiuij;Mit do nol l.kc pain lo ni.kr brtler .rliclc. It i. Ihe woman', hull lint wa harr poor butter mri-orally, and wr .hall hold hci rraponaililc. V. w prrm lly c.ijr lo tniac food bullir. Tlw only rcquiattp ia caru. Ijond huttrr will ahraya anntmand a good price in tho dulkal mark.'t, while poor butter ia a drug at any prire. When any of my lady rradrra make tutlter again, ju.l let them imagine thul 1 am to havo a niee hit of hread and butler with tl i, and thai I ahall deteel the lea.t panicle of milk, and that 1 am not fond of loo much aalt. 0M 'arinrr. In the coniw nf a denote in the Oritiiu Houa of Common., Lord John Kuiaell took occasion to say i " I wi.li to arail my aelf of thia i.pporlunity to atato that I have observed with great phaaure aiidaali.liitw linn the m.gniticent ailhacnptions that have been raised in the United Blatra of America for Hie relief of the de.titute poor in thia ciiunlrv and in l.l.nH I llnnk it is not improper in thia House, for nw, a Urit. i.h auhjeet, to stale tint 1 am ealreuiely gratified lo lind that Ihe United Hlatea have not forgotten their common origin ; and Hist, actuated hy charitable reelings, they are making great cjcrlmna lo collect huge urn. of money for ihe relief of the ousting distress. ' I.itti a Miaui Halt. road. It will b. wen by an advertisement in to-day's (iaiclle, that the. Mad Hieer lliilroad ia complete to llellelnnlaine, and that, on Monday, Mny :id, .new arrangement will commence, by which the traveler mav reach the city of New York from Cmonnat, in thri.diyi and . Cm. Osi.