G02B26/06—Optical devices or arrangements using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light, e.g. switching, gating, modulating for controlling the phase of light

G—PHYSICS

G02—OPTICS

G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS, OR APPARATUS

G02B27/00—Other optical systems; Other optical apparatus

G02B27/0075—Other optical systems; Other optical apparatus with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focus

Abstract

Translated from Chinese

用于生成场景的输出图像的方法，场景由基于任务的成像系统的检测器捕获，检测器包括多个像素，场景包括位于对象距离范围内的给定对象距离处的至少一个对象，对象距离被定义为对象和基于任务的成像系统之间的距离，该方法包括：在空间频率范围内捕获场景的高分辨率图像；将高分辨率图像转化为场景的图像谱；确定基于任务的成像系统在对象距离范围内上散焦的光学传递函数；确定在检测器的多个像素上的像素调制传递函数；将图像谱与光学传递函数和调制传递函数相乘，以生成场景的修改的图像谱；将修改的图像谱转化为场景的修改的图像；以及根据修改的图像生成输出图像。 A method for generating an output image of a scene, the scene captured by an imaging system based on the detection task, the detector comprising a plurality of pixels, the scene comprising at least one object at a given object distance of an object located within a distance range, the object distance is is defined as the distance between the object and the task-based imaging system, the method comprising: a high resolution image of the scene captured in the spatial frequency range; high-resolution image into an image spectrum of the scene; determined based on the imaging system task defocusing on the optical transfer function subject distance; determining a plurality of pixels on a pixel modulation transfer function of the detector; image transfer function and the spectrum of the optical modulation transfer function is multiplied to generate a modified image spectrum of the scene; the conversion of the modified image spectrum of the modified image of the scene; and generating an output image according to the modified image.

[0007] 根据美国陆军研究办公室授权给Wake Forest University(维克森林大学）的授权号为DAAD 19-00-1-0540的转包合同，本文公开的实施方式中的一部分受到了政府的支持。 [0007] licensed to Wake Forest University (Wake Forest University) under the authorization number for the US Army Research Office DAAD subcontracting 19-00-1-0540, a portion of the embodiment disclosed herein is subject to government support.美国政府具有本文的某些权利。 The US Government has certain rights in this paper.

背景技术 Background technique

[0008] 基于任务的成像系统的ー个目的在于提供用于ー个或多个信号处理任务的特定任务信息或图像数据。 [0008] The task-based imaging system of the object ー particular tasks or provide information or image data for a plurality of signal processing tasks ー.这种任务可包括生物虹膜识别、生物面部识别、用于访问控制的生物识别、用于威胁鉴别的生物识别、条形码阅读、用于装配线中的质量控制的成像、光学字符识别、生物成像、用于对象检测的汽车成像和自动装配中用于对象登记的基准符号识别。 Such tasks may include biological recognition, face recognition organisms, for biometric access control, for biometric authentication threats, barcode reading, imaging for quality control in an assembly line, and optical character recognition, biological imaging, with reference symbol for an object registered in the imaging and automotive automatic assembly identified object detection.为了安全或访问的目的，上述生物识别技术例如可由基于任务的成像系统执行。 For purposes of security or access, for example, by the above-described biometrics perform task-based imaging system.作为ー个实施例，当这种基于任务的成像系统的光学和数字部分提供足够详细并具有足够高的SNR(信噪比）的图像数据时，生物虹膜识别可提供非常精确的个人识别。 As ー embodiment, when such provide sufficient detail based on optical imaging system and the digital section and task have a sufficiently high SNR (signal to noise ratio) of image data, iris recognition biological provide a very accurate personal identification.

[0009] 已经知道，基于任务的成像系统的性能与成功完成任务所需的图像数据的SNR直接相关。 [0009] It is known that performance is directly related to the success of the imaging system based on the tasks required to complete the task SNR image data.而SNR又与成像系统的特性相关。 The SNR in turn related to the characteristics of the imaging system.影响系统性能的特性包括球面像差和其它像差、 散焦、放大率的变化、景深、色差、对准容限、动态振动和温度变化。 Characteristics that affect system performance include spherical aberration and other aberrations, defocus, variations magnification, depth of field, chromatic aberration, alignment tolerances, dynamic vibrations and temperature variations.这些特性可使系统具有小于衍射受限系统的SNR的、特定任务的SNR。 These features enable the system having less than the diffraction-limited system of SNR, SNR, specific tasks.

[0010] 现有技术中描述的某些系统使用小孔径实现短距离的虹膜识别；例如，见R. Plemmons等人在2004年8月的Proc. SPIE上发表的“用于虹膜识别的计算成像系统(Computational imaging systems for iris recognition；一文。然而，尽管这些糸统对于短间隔距离是有效的，但是其使用小的透镜孔径，而小的透镜孔径会产生低的信号水平(即，低信噪比）和相对低的分辨率；因此这样的系统并不适合用于较长的间隔距离。 Some systems [0010] described in the prior art iris recognition using a small aperture to realize short distance; e.g., see R. Plemmons calculated imaging et al published in SPIE 2004 August Proc "for iris recognition. system (Computational imaging systems for iris recognition;. a text However, although these system which for a short distance it is effective, but the use of small lens aperture, and the small lens aperture will produce a low signal level (i.e., low signal to noise ratio) and a relatively low resolution; therefore such systems are not suitable for long distance.

发明内容 SUMMARY

[0011] 在一个实施方式中，用于获得与任务中使用的场景相关的数据的、基于任务的成像系统包括图像数据捕获装置，其用于（a)将来自所述场景的电磁能量的波前在空间频率范围上成像为中间图像，(b)修改所述波前的相位，（C)检测所述中间图像，以及（d)在所述空间频率范围上生成图像数据。 Wave [0011] In one embodiment, a method for obtaining the scene used in the task related data, the imaging system includes an image-based task data capturing means for (a) the electromagnetic energy from the scene before forming the spatial frequency range of the intermediate image, (b) modifying the phase of the wavefront, (C) detecting the intermediate image, and (d) generating image data in the spatial frequency range.所述基于任务的成像系统还包括图像数据处理装置，其用于处理所述图像数据并执行所述任务。 The task-based imaging system further includes an image data processing means for processing the image data and perform the task.所述图像捕获装置与所述图像数据处理装置协同エ作，以使得在所述空间频率范围上，所述基于任务的成像系统的信噪比大于对所述波前不进行相位修改的基于任务的成像系统的信噪比。 The image capture device and the image data processing apparatus for cooperative Ester, such that in the spatial frequency range, the signal to noise ratio based imaging system is greater than the task of the wavefront phase modification is not performed based on the task signal to noise ratio of the imaging system.

[0012] 在另ー个实施方式中，用于获得与任务中使用的场景相关的数据的、基于任务的成像系统包括：至少ー个光学元件，其用于（a)将来自所述场景的电磁能量波前成像为中间图像，以及（b)修改所述波前的相位；以及用于在空间频率范围上检测所述中间图像的检测器。 [0012] In another embodiment ー embodiment for obtaining data related to a scene used in the task, the task-based imaging system comprising: at least ー optical element for (a) from the scene electromagnetic energy wavefront imaged as an intermediate image, and a phase before (b) modifying the wave; and means for detecting the spatial frequency range of the intermediate image detector.所述至少ー个光学元件配置用干与所述第一检测器协同工作，以使得在所述空间频率范围上，所述基于任务的成像系统的信噪比大于对所述波前不进行相位修改的基于任务的成像系统的信噪比。 The at least one optical element disposed ー dry and work together the first detector, such that in the spatial frequency range, the signal to noise ratio based on the task of an imaging system is not larger than the wave front phase SNR task-based imaging system modifications.在一个实施方式中，所述任务选自以下各项中的至少之ー：生物虹膜识别、生物面部识别、用于访问控制的生物识别、用于威胁鉴别的生物识别、条形码阅读、装配线中用于质量控制的成像、光学字符识别、生物成像和用于对象检测的汽车成像。 In one embodiment, the task selected among the at least ー: biological recognition, face recognition organisms, for biometric access control, for biometric authentication threats, barcode readers, with the assembly line the imaging quality control, optical character recognition, biological imaging and automotive imaging for object detection.

[0013] 在另ー个实施方式中，公开了ー种用于生成由基于任务的成像系统的检测器捕获的场景的输出图像的方法。 [0013] In another embodiment ー embodiment, a method is disclosed for generating an output image ー species by the scene based on the task of the detector imaging system is captured.所述检测器包括多个像素，所述场景包括位于对象距离范围内的给定对象距离处的至少ー个对象，所述对象距离由所述对象和所述基于任务的成像系统之间的距离限定。 The detector comprises a plurality of pixels, the scene includes the given object distance within a range of an object located at a distance of at least ー objects, the distance of the object between the object and the task-based imaging system limited.所述方法包括：在空间频率范围内捕获所述场景的高分辨率图像；将所述高分辨率图像转化为所述场景的图像谱；确定所述基于任务的成像系统在所述对象距离范围内的散焦的光学传递函数；以及确定在所述检测器的所述多个像素上的像素调制传递函数。 The method comprising: capturing a high resolution image of the scene in the spatial frequency range; the high-resolution image into an image spectrum of the scene; determining in the subject the task-based imaging system distance range defocusing the optical transfer function; and determining a pixel modulation in the plurality of pixels of the detector transfer function.所述方法还包括将所述图像谱与所述光学传递函数和所述调制传递函数相乗，以生成所述场景的修改的图像谱；将所述修改的图像谱转化为所述场景的修改的图像；以及根据所述修改的图像生成所述输出图像。 The method further comprises the spectral image and of the optical transfer function multiplied by the modulation transfer function to generate a modified image spectrum of the scene; the modified image spectrum of the scene into a modified image; and based on the modified image to generate the output image.

[0014] 在另ー个实施方式中，用于与基于任务的成像系统一起使用的方法包括：将来自场景的电磁能量波前在空间频率范围上成像为所述基于任务的成像系统的中间图像；修改所述电磁能量的波前的相位；检测所述中间图像；以及基于所述中间图像，生成所述空间频率范围上的图像数据，以使得在所述空间频率范围上，所述基于任务的成像系统的信噪比大于不修改相位的基于任务的成像系统的信噪比。 [0014] In another embodiment ー embodiment, the method for use with a task-based imaging system comprising: an electromagnetic wave energy from a scene to an intermediate image prior to imaging of the task-based imaging system in the spatial frequency range ; modifying the phase of the wavefront of electromagnetic energy; detecting the intermediate image; and based on the intermediate image, generating image data on the spatial frequency range, such that in the spatial frequency range, the task-based the imaging system is greater than SNR does not modify the task-based imaging system phase signal to noise ratio.

[0015] 在另ー个实施方式中，公开了ー种用于优化基于任务的成像系统的方法，所述基于任务的成像系统用于获得对象距离范围内的、在任务中使用的场景的数据。 [0015] In another embodiment ー embodiment, a method is disclosed for optimizing ー kinds task-based imaging system, the task-based imaging system for data, used in the task scenario within the range subject distance obtained .所述场景包括位于对象距离范围内的给定对象距离处的至少ー个对象，所述对象距离由所述对象和所述基于任务的成像系统之间的距离限定。 The scene includes objects located within a given distance of the object distance ー least one object, which distance is defined by the distance between the object and the task-based imaging system.所述方法包括：I)确定所述基于任务的成像系统的目标信噪比；2)指定一组初始的光瞳函数參数和评价函数；3)基于所述评价函数生成一组新的光瞳函数參数；4)计算所述对象距离范围上的信噪比；5)将所述信噪比与所述目标信噪比进行比较；以及6)重复步骤2)到5)，直到所述信噪比在数值上至少等于所述目标信噪比。 Said method comprising: I) determining the signal to noise ratio of the imaging system based on a target task; 2) specifies an initial set of pupil function parameters and a merit function; 3) based on the evaluation function to generate a new set of light pupil function parameters; SNR 4) calculates the target distance range; 5) comparing the SNR to the target SNR; and 6) repeating steps 2) to 5), until the said signal to noise ratio at least equal in value to the target SNR.

[0016] 在另ー个实施方式中，公开了在用于获得与在任务中使用的场景相关的数据的基于任务的成像系统中的改进。 [0016] In another embodiment ー embodiment, discloses an improved imaging system based on a task in the scene used for obtaining the relevant task data.所述基于任务的成像系统包括至少ー个光学元件以及检测器，所述光学元件用于将来自所述场景的电磁能量波前成像为空间频率范围内的中间图像，所述检测器用于检测所述中间图像并用于在所述空间频率上生成图像数据。 The task-based imaging system includes at least ー optical element and a detector, said optical element for an intermediate image electromagnetic energy waves from the scene ahead of the imaging range of the spatial frequency, the detector for detecting said intermediate image and for generating image data on the spatial frequency.所述改进包括相位修改元件，其用于修改所述波前的相位，以使所述基于任务的成像系统的信噪比大于不使用所述相位修改元件的基于任务的成像系统的信噪比。 The improvement comprising a phase modification element for modifying the phase of the wave front, so that the SNR of the task-based imaging system is greater than the signal to noise ratio without the use of phase-modifying element based on the imaging system tasks .

附图说明 BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[0017] 參照下文中结合以下附图进行的详细描述，可更好地理解本发明。 [0017] The following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings Hereinafter, the present invention may be better understood.

[0020] 图3示出了根据本发明的ー种安全场景，其中示出了共同操作的、多功能的基于任务的成像系统的非永久性装备； [0020] FIG. 3 shows a security scene ー species of the present invention, showing the operation of the common, multi-task-based imaging system equipped with a non-permanent;

[0022] 图5是人眼中包括用于生物识别的感兴趣的特征的一部分的图示； [0022] FIG. 5 is of interest for the human eye comprising a biometric feature of the illustrated part;

[0023] 图6是人脸中包括用于生物识别的感兴趣的特征的一部分的图示； [0023] FIG. 6 is an illustration of a portion of the face of interest comprises a biometric feature;

[0024] 图7是将具有和不具有波前编码的成像系统捕获的图像进行比较的一系列2D条形码； [0024] FIG. 7 is a picture with and without wavefront coding imaging system to capture a series of 2D barcodes comparison;

[0025] 图8是将具有和不具有波前编码的成像系统捕获的图像进行比较的一系列灰度图像； [0025] FIG. 8 is a picture with and without wavefront coding imaging system captures an image of a series of gray compared;

[0026] 图9是将具有和不具有波前编码的成像系统捕获的图像进行比较的一系列ニ进制图像； [0026] FIG 9 is a picture with and without wavefront coding imaging system to capture a series of binary images are compared to ni;

[0027] 图10是不具有波前编码的成像系统捕获的、装配线上的对象的灰度图像； [0027] FIG. 10 is having no wavefront coding imaging system captures the gradation image of an object on an assembly line;

[0028] 图11是具有波前编码的成像系统捕获的、装配线上的对象的灰度图像； [0028] FIG. 11 is a wavefront coding imaging system has captured grayscale image of the object on the assembly line;

[0029] 图12示出了根据本发明的一种场景，其中可通过汽车成像使用基于任务的成像系统检测对象； [0029] FIG. 12 illustrates a scenario according to the present invention, which can be detected using an imaging system based tasks by automotive imaging;

[0030] 图13是退色过的果蝇胚胎的图像，用于显示有丝分裂过程中的微管，其中示出了生物系统内感兴趣的空间频率可如何加强或维持用于成像和识别处理； [0030] FIG. 13 is an image fading over Drosophila embryo for display during mitotic microtubules, which shows the spatial frequency of interest in the biological system or how to enhance and maintain the recognition processing for imaging;

[0031] 图14示出了通过利用可滑动的光学元件配置和可变的波前编码而提供可变的光学功率的成像系统在第一和第二状态下的ー对图解说明； [0031] FIG. 14 shows a variable provided by using a wavefront coding optical element slidably disposed and variable power optical system of the imaging ー at first and second states of illustration;

[0033] 图16是根据本发明的适用于大间隔距离的虹膜识别的示例性波前编码元件的表面凹陷的等闻线标绘图； [0033] FIG. 16 is a concave surface in accordance with an exemplary wave suitable for iris recognition large spacing distance before encoding of the present invention elements like smell plot line;

[0034] 图17是作为到用于虹膜识别的成像系统的间隔距离的函数的、对着虹膜的图像的像素数量的图形标绘图； [0034] FIG. 17 as a function of distance to the iris recognition for an imaging system, the number of pixels toward the image graphic plot of the iris;

[0035] 图18是用于成像系统的、在间隔距离范围上散焦的波的数量的图形标绘图； [0035] FIG 18 is for an imaging system, the number of distance in the range of defocus wave graphic plot;

[0036] 图19是根据本发明的用于包括波前编码的成像系统的、模拟的经过焦点的标准化的PSF(点扩展函数）的一系列图形标绘图； [0036] FIG. 19 is a series of graphical plots of wavefront coding comprising an imaging system, the PSF simulated normalized (point spread function) through the focal point according to the present invention;

[0037] 图20是根据本发明的用于包括波前编码的成像系统的、模拟的经过焦点的MTF的一系列图形标绘图； [0037] FIG. 20 is a wavefront coding imaging system, the simulation of the MTF through focus series of graphical plots according to the present invention;

[0038] 图21是根据本发明的包括波前编码的示例性成像系统的极性MTF的等高线标绘图； [0038] FIG. 21 is a contour plot of MTF depending on the polarity of an exemplary imaging system including wavefront coding of the present invention;

[0039] 图22是根据本发明的用于包括波前编码的成像系统的、在所有方向（-π到+π)上均衡的、作为间隔距离的函数的、感兴趣的空间频率上的平均对比度的图形标绘图； [0039] FIG. 22 is according to the invention comprises a wavefront coding imaging system, balance in all directions (pi to + π) on, as a function of the separation distance, the average spatial frequency of interest contrast graphic plot;

[0040] 图23是根据本发明的用于包括波前编码的成像系统的、在所有方向（_ π到+ π )上均衡的、作为间隔距离的函数的、感兴趣的空间频率上的平均SNR的图形标绘图； [0040] FIG. 23 is used according to the present invention comprises a wavefront coding imaging systems, in all directions (_ [pi] to + π) on the balance, as a function of the separation distance, the average spatial frequency of interest SNR graphic plot;

[0041] 图24是根据本发明的、用于包括波前编码的成像系统的、用于处理由成像系统捕获的图像的滤波器的图形表示； [0041] FIG. 24 is a wavefront coding imaging system, a filter pattern for processing the image captured by the imaging system according to the present invention represents, for;

[0042] 图25示出了根据本发明的、用于生成模拟图像的过程的流程图，所述模拟图像与由包括波前编码的成像系统捕获的图像是可比拟的； [0042] FIG. 25 illustrates the present invention, a process flowchart of a simulated image for the analog image and an image captured by an imaging system including wavefront coding is comparable;

[0043] 图26示出了用于对包括波前编码的基于任务的成像系统进行优化的系统的框图； [0043] FIG. 26 shows a block diagram of a system for optimizing task-based imaging system including wavefront coded;

[0044] 图27示出了用于对包括波前编码的基于任务的成像系统进行优化的系统的过程的流程图； [0044] FIG. 27 shows a flowchart of the process used to optimize the system comprises a task-based imaging system of the wavefront coding;

[0045] 图28示出了由给定的成像系统观察到的原始图像、PSF和下采样图像的相对位置的一系列不意图；[0046] 图29详细示出了一对关于下采样的变化原点的混叠的效果； [0045] FIG. 28 shows an original image viewed from a given to the imaging system, a series of relative positions are not intended sampled PSF and the image; [0046] FIG. 29 shows in detail a pair of changes to downsampled origin aliasing effect;

[0047] 图30示出了根据本发明的一系列模拟虹膜图像，其中并入了波前编码及相关处理的效果； [0047] FIG. 30 shows a series of simulated iris image according to the present invention incorporated therein and the effects of wavefront coding-related processing;

[0048] 图31示出了对于不具有波前编码的模拟成像系统，作为间隔距离（2米到2. 5米）的函数的汉明距离的图形标绘图； [0048] FIG. 31 shows a simulation for the imaging system has no wavefront coding as a distance (2 m to 2.5 m) is a graphical plot of Hamming distances as a function;

[0049] 图32示出了根据本发明、用于并入了波前编码元件和相关处理的效果的模拟虹膜图像的、作为间隔距离（2米到2. 5米）的函数的汉明距离的图形标绘图，其说明了与不具有波前编码的系统相比，波前编码的存在提供了更宽的识别范围； [0049] FIG. 32 illustrates the present invention, for incorporation into the simulated effect of the iris image coding related processing elements and wavefront as the Hamming distance (2 m to 2.5 m) as a function of the distance graphical plot illustrating the comparison with the system having no wave front encoded before encoding the presence wave provides a wider range of recognition;

[0050] 图33是用于获得虹膜图像的实验设置的示意图； [0050] FIG. 33 is a schematic diagram of the experimental set obtained for the iris image;

[0051] 图34是根据本发明的、用于包括波前编码的成像系统的、实验获得的标准化PSF的一系列图形标绘图； [0051] FIG. 34 is a wavefront coding imaging systems, the PSF experimentally obtained standardized series of graphical plots according to the present invention for;

[0052] 图35是对应于图34所述的标准化PSF的、实验获得的标准化MTF的一系列图形标绘图； [0052] FIG 35 corresponds to FIG 34 of the normalized PSF and MTF experimentally obtained a series of standardized graphic plot;

[0053] 图36是包括波前编码的示例性成像系统的、实验获得的极性MTF的等高线标绘图； [0053] FIG. 36 is an exemplary imaging system including wavefront coding, the polarity of the MTF experimentally obtained contour plot;

[0054] 图37是用于包括波前编码的成像系统的、在所有方向（-π到+π)上均衡的、作为间隔距离的函数的、感兴趣的空间频率上的实验获得的平均对比度的图形标绘图； [0054] FIG. 37 is a wavefront coding comprising an imaging system, balance in all directions (pi to + π) on the average contrast as a function of distance intervals, the spatial frequency of interest in the experiment obtained graphic plot;

[0055] 图38是用于使用不具有波前编码的成像系统进行虹膜识别的、作为到虹膜的间隔距离的函数的汉明距离的图形标绘图；以及 [0055] FIG. 38 is used without having a wavefront coding imaging system for iris recognition, as a function of distance to the iris graphical plot of Hamming distances; and

[0056] 图39是根据本发明的用于使用包括波前编码的成像系统进行虹膜识别的、作为到虹膜的间隔距离的函数的汉明距离的图形标绘图。 [0056] FIG. 39 is used for iris recognition according to the present invention comprises a wavefront coding imaging system, as a function of distance to the iris graphic plot of Hamming distances.

具体实施方式 detailed description

[0057] WFC (波前编码）使得能够在大范围光学像差（包括散焦）上实现高质量的成像。 [0057] WFC (wavefront coding) so that the imaging quality can be achieved over a wide range of optical aberrations (including defocus).例如，WCF可使成像系统能提供在大范围的间隔距离上聚焦的图像。 For example, WCF enables an imaging system to provide images on a wide range of distance focusing.在第60/609，445号美国临时专利申请和第11/225，753号美国专利申请中介绍了WFC和手持式装置与虹膜之间的短距离生物虹膜识别的ー种组合。 Describes the combination of biological ー iris recognition WFC and the short distance between the handheld device and the iris No. 60 / 609,445 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 11 / 225,753 U.S. Patent Application.

[0058] 波前编码及相关方法（例如某些计算成像方法）可减少系统特性的某些效应，所述系统特性例如球面和高阶像差、散焦、放大、景深、色差、对准容限、动态振动和温度变化。 Some effects [0058] Wavefront coding and related methods (e.g. imaging methods some computing) system characteristics can be reduced, and the system characteristics such as higher order spherical aberration, defocus, zoom, depth of field, chromatic aberration, alignment tolerances limit, dynamic vibrations and temperature variations.在WFC中，以能够保持系统在这些特性大范围变化的情况下捕获图像数据的能力的方式，修改成像系统的光瞳函数。 In WFC, the ability to maintain system captures image data capability mode in the case where these characteristics of wide variations, modifications pupil function of the imaging system.此外，WFC还能在提供将在特定的信号处理任务中使用的图像数据的同时，提供视觉上可接受的（例如对于观察人而言）图像。 Further, in the WFC it can provide the image data to be used in specific signal processing tasks, while providing a visually acceptable (e.g. for human observation purposes) an image.

[0059] 应该注意到，为了清楚地说明，附图中的某些元素不是按比例描绘的。 [0059] It should be noted that, for clarity of illustration, some elements in the drawings are not drawn to scale.

[0060] 图I示出了在其中可使用基于任务的成像系统的安全场景100。 [0060] Figure I shows a scene in which the imaging system based security tasks 100.在本公开的范围内，成像系统可理解为照相机、照相机系统、一个或多个照相机及控制器、具有相关光学元件（透镜等）的照相机、和/或基于任务的成像应用所需的处理器（例如可选地配置有软件的处理器或计算机）的任意组合。 Within the scope of the present disclosure, the imaging system is understood to be a camera, a camera system, one or more cameras and a controller having a camera associated optical elements (lenses, etc.), and / or task-based imaging application desired processor (e.g., optionally configured with a processor or computer software) in any combination thereof.在安全场景100中，对象160正从方向150 (由箭头指示）向受控的入口点（例如门）110靠近。 In security scenarios 100, 160 n objects 150 (indicated by arrows) from the direction toward the controlled entry point (e.g., a door) 110.对象160必须通过在墙115内限定的三个不同的区域140、130和120到达入口点110。 Object 160 through 110 must reach the entry point three different regions 140, 130 defined within the walls 115 and 120.在区域120、130和140中的每个区域，都可布置有ー个或多个成像系统，例如，区域120中的图像数据捕获装置125、区域130中的图像数据捕获装置135以及区域140中的图像数据捕获装置145。 In the region of each zone 120, 130 and 140, can be arranged ー one or more imaging systems, e.g., the image data area 120 capturing apparatus 125, the image data region 130 and a region 135 of capture device 140 image data capture device 145.每个图像数据捕获装置可实现ー个或多个功能。 Each image data capture device may be implemented ー or more functions.作为ー种选择，全部的成像系统可实现相同的功能。 As ー choices, all of the imaging system may achieve the same functionality.每个图像数据捕获装置将来自该场景的电磁能量的波前成像为中间图像，修改该波前的相位、检测中间图像，井生成感兴趣的大范围空间频率上的图像数据。 Each wave image data capture device electromagnetic energy from the scene to an intermediate image prior to imaging, modifying the phase of the wavefront, detecting the intermediate image, the image of interest data generated well over a large range of spatial frequencies.全部成像系统可实现的示例性功能是用生物测量的方法识别对象160。 An exemplary imaging system can realize all functions is to identify the object 160 using a biometric method.这种生物识别可包括虹膜识别和/或面部识别。 This may include a biometric iris recognition and / or face recognition.同样，可选地，对象160可携帯可由文本或条形码识别的鉴别的徽章或其它物品（未示出）。 Likewise, alternatively, the object 160 may be portable Bands identification badge of text or barcode recognition or other items (not shown).尽管在下文中根据对特定类型的电磁能量敏感的传感器（例如但不限干，IR(红外光）、LWIR(长波红外光）、RGB (红绿蓝可见光）等）对安全场景100和图像数据捕获装置125、135和145进行了讨论，但是，本领域技术人员可以理解，图像数据捕获装置使用的电磁波谱的实际波长可以改变。 Although sensitive to electromagnetic energy in accordance with the particular type of sensor (e.g., but not dry, IR (infrared), LWIR (long-wave infrared light), RGB (red, green and blue visible light), etc.) below the security scene 100 and the captured image data means 125, 135 and 145 are discussed, those skilled in the art will appreciate, the actual wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum image data capture apparatus used may vary.例如，通常指定为IR系统的图像数据捕获装置可响应于可见光、NIR(近红外光）、MWIR(中波红外光）或LWIR。 For example, the system generally designated IR image data capture device in response to visible light, the NIR (near infrared light), the MWIR (mid-wave infrared light) or LWIR.成像系统还可设计为根据待执行的任务的需要，使用窄波带或宽波帯。 The imaging system can also be designed according to the task needs to be performed, the use of wideband or narrow band Bands.当对包括波长范围的电磁能量成像时，图像数据捕获装置125、135和145中的每ー个都可包括适用于在波长范围的不同部分中成像和修改相位的成像和波前编码光学器件 When the time for the electromagnetic energy comprises an imaging wavelength range, the image capture device data 125, 135 and 145 may comprise suitable ー a different portion of the wavelength range of the imaging and imaging and modifying the phase of the wave front of each optical encoding device

[0061] 当对象160远离成像系统时，认为对象160位于该成像系统的远场，例如当对象160在区域140中并由图像数据捕获装置125观察吋。 [0061] When an object remote from the imaging system 160, that the object 160 located in the far field of the imaging system, for example, when the object 160 captured by the apparatus 125 in the image data area 140 inch observed.在远场中，对象160距离图像数据捕获装置的光瞳足够远，以使得由图像数据捕获装置125拍摄的对象160的图像几乎不存在波前像差误差。 In the far field, the object data 160 from the image capture device pupil far enough, so that the target image data by the image capturing apparatus 125 capturing 160 an error wavefront aberration is almost absent.在这种情况下，可不必使用波前编码来扩展景深。 In this case, it may not necessarily be extended depth of field using a wavefront coding.然而，仍然可将波前編码并入到图像数据捕获装置中，以校正在高放大率下对图像数据捕获装置的操作可能引起的像差。 However, there still may be incorporated into a wavefront coding the image data capturing device to correct aberrations at a high magnification operation on the image data capture device may be caused.例如，可将用于修改波前相位（即，波前编码）的调制元件集成到图像数据捕获装置中，以使得相对于不具有调制元件的基于任务的成像系统而言，具有调制元件的基于任务的成像系统中的一个或多个图像像差得以减小。 For example, can be used to modify the phase of the wavefront (i.e., wavefront coding), modulation components into the image data capturing device, such that with respect to the task-based imaging system in terms of, based modulation element having a modulation element having no the imaging system tasks in one or more image aberrations is reduced.如果不进行校正，这种像差可降低感兴趣的空间频率的SNR，而该SNR是成功地完成任务所必需的。 If not corrected, such aberrations can degrade the SNR of the spatial frequency of interest, and the SNR is successfully complete the tasks required.在某些情况下，需要高放大率(即，放大）以从安全场景100的较大成像区域中选择用于识别对象160的区域（例如，眼睛或面部） In some cases, a high magnification (i.e., magnification) to select from a larger imaging area 100 in the security area for the scene (e.g., eye or face) 160 of the identified object

[0062] 在近距离下，对象160的图像的景深变得对波前像差误差非常敏感，并可受益于WFC的使用以在感兴趣的空间频率上获得识别所需的良好的景深和SNR。 [0062] In close range, depth image of the object 160 becomes very sensitive to aberrations of the wavefront error, may benefit from the use of WFC identified to achieve the desired spatial frequency of interest in the depth of field and good SNR .这种情况的ー个实施例是当对象160进入到图像数据捕获装置（例如安全场景100中的图像数据捕获装置135)的2到4米内吋。ー embodiment this is that when the object data 160 into the image capture device (e.g., 100 in the security scene image data capture device 135) within 2-4 meters inches.在这种情况下，为了对对象160进行生物鉴定，可要求图像数据捕获装置135追踪移动目标、自动调整放大率和景深、并维持在感兴趣的空间频率上识别所需的SNR。 In this case, in order for the object 160 bioassays, the image data may be required to capture moving object tracking apparatus 135 automatically adjusts the magnification and depth of field, and maintained at the desired spatial frequency of interest identification SNR.

[0063] 在对象160和图像数据捕获装置（例如成像系统125、135和145中之一）之间的中间距离上，可具有与近距离时相比更大的景深和更低的所需放大率。 The intermediate distance between the [0063] 160 and the object image data capture device (e.g., one of the imaging systems 145 and 125, 135) may have larger when compared with the depth of field at close range and lower the enlargement rate.这些中间距离可要求中间等级的波前编码，以维持在感兴趣的空间频率上识别所需的SNR。 The intermediate distance wavefront coding may require intermediate level to maintain the spatial frequency of interest in identifying the desired SNR.成像系统145、135和125可连续地或并行地协同工作，以追踪、隔离对象160的面部或眼睛，然后生物地鉴别对象160。 The imaging system 145,135 and 125, or may be continuously work together in parallel to track, or isolate target portion 160 of the eye, and then identify the biological objects 160.入口点110则可自动地响应于ー个或多个成像系统145、135和125作出的允许对象访问的正面生物识别结果，而允许对象160访问。 Entry point 110 may be automatically or in response to 145,135 ー biometric result and positive objects allow access to a plurality of imaging systems 125, 160 allow access to the object.作为ー种选择，入口点110可基于将对象160识别为威胁的负面生物识别，而拒绝其访问。 As ー choices, entry point 110 may be based on object 160 identified as a threat biometric negative, but denied access.[0064] 图2示出了安全场景200，其中示出了共同操作的基于任务的多功能成像系统。 [0064] FIG 2 illustrates a security scene 200, which shows a multifunction task-based imaging system operate together.多通道、多光学器件的成像系统210和220可为对象260的预览和斜视图提供安全场景200。 Multi-channel, multi-optic imaging systems 210 and 220 may provide a preview for the security scenarios 200 and 260 of FIG perspective object.成像系统210和220例如可为彩色可视电磁能量成像装置，例如RGB(三原色）和CMY(减色系统）成像器。 The imaging system 210 and 220, for example, electromagnetic energy may be visualized as a color image forming apparatus, such as RGB (three primary colors) and the CMY (the subtractive color system) imager.可通过有线的（或无线的）路径290将成像系统210和220提供的预览信息传送到集中式的数据库、通信和控制系统270。 290 can be transmitted through a wired (or wireless) path preview information imaging system 210 and 220 provided to the centralized database, the communication and control system 270.控制系统270可包括用干与其它系统(未示出）相连的无线通信设备280。 The control system 270 may include a wireless communication device 280 with a dry with other systems (not shown) is connected.作为成像系统（例如成像系统220)的替代或补充，控制系统270可直接控制访问，并可保持访问的记录，例如对象的时间标记记录。 As an alternative imaging system (e.g., an imaging system 220) or in addition to, the control system 270 may directly control access to, and maintain a record of access, such as the mark recording time of the object.这些控制系统和/或成像系统还可包括数据存储単元，其用于存储例如访问记录和人眼可视图像的信息，并同时提供识别数据或其它输出。 These control systems and / or imaging system may further include a data storage element radiolabeling, such as access information for recording and storing human eye visible image, and also provide identification data or other output.

[0065] 可使用预览信息来准备用于访问控制事件的询问系统。 [0065] preview information can be used to prepare for interrogation system access control events.预览信息可包括但不限于这样的低分辨率图像数据，其中对象260已物理地定位但未被生物识别。 Preview information may include, but is not limited to such low-resolution image data, where the object 260 is physically located but not biometrics.预览信息例如可从成像系统210或220传送到包括成像系统230、240和250的多光学器件成像系统装配245，用于例如进ー步询问生物识别。 For example, the preview information may be transferred from the imaging system 210 or 220 to an imaging system comprising a multi-imaging system optics assembly 230, 240, 245 and 250, for example, further into the interrogation ー biometrics.成像系统230例如可为形成成像系统装配245的一部分的多通道成像系统，其可自我调节（例如，通过路径290内部通信）以实现特殊任务。 The imaging system 230 may be, for example, the mounting portion 245 of the multi channel imaging system to form an imaging system, which can be self-regulating (e.g., 290 through the internal communication path) to achieve a particular task.作为任务的一部分，成像系统230、240和250可通过路径290将图像数据在其相互之间传送。 As part of a task, the imaging system 230, 240, 290 and 250 can transfer image data between their mutual path.成像系统230例如可包括用于两个分离的电磁能量波段（例如RGB和LWIR)的光学器件。 The imaging system 230 may comprise, for example, for two separate bands of electromagnetic energy (e.g. RGB and LWIR) optical device.成像系统装配245还可包括以IR (对应于成像系统240)和灰度级（对应于成像系统250)操作的传感器。 The imaging system 245 may further include mounting IR (corresponding to imaging system 240) and a gray level sensor (corresponding to imaging system 250) operations.

[0066] 图3示出了安全场景300，其中示出了共同操作的、多功能的基于任务的成像系统310、320和330的非永久性装备。 [0066] FIG. 3 illustrates a security scene 300, which illustrates the operation of the joint, based on a non-permanent equipment multifunctional imaging system tasks 310, 320 and 330.RGB成像系统310、CMY成像系统320和IR成像系统330可共同操作，以生物地鉴定对象360。 RGB imaging system 310, CMY imaging system 320 and the IR imaging system 330 may operate together to identify biological objects 360.在示例性的实施方式中，成像系统310和320提供预览信息，而成像系统330实现虹膜识别。 In an exemplary embodiment, the imaging system 310 and 320 provides preview information, and the imaging system 330 implemented iris recognition.有线的（或无线的）路径390提供成像系统310、320和330之间的互连。 Wired (or wireless) path 390 provides the interconnection between the imaging system 310, 320 and 330.无线通信设备380将成像系统与其它系统相连。 The wireless communication device 380 is connected to the imaging system with other systems.例如由成像系统310,320和330、路径390和通信设备380形成的无线的、便携式的、多通道的、多光学器件的系统可用于例如临时安全的应用。 For example, multi-optics system by the imaging system 310, 320 and 330, paths 390 and 380 form a wireless communication device, portable, multi-channel may be used for applications such as temporary safety.

[0067] 图4示出了安全场景400的示意图，其中包括手持式基于任务的多功能成像系统410和420。 [0067] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the security scene 400, including handheld multifunction task-based imaging systems 410 and 420.成像系统410和420设置以观察对象460。 The imaging system 410 and 420 arranged to observe the object 460.成像系统410可为例如低价的手持式便携单通道部件（例如，足够低价以至于认为其可任意使用），并可用于不稳定的安全装备中。 The imaging system 410 may be a member such as a handheld portable low-cost single channel (e.g., low enough so that it can be arbitrarily used), it can be used in safety equipment unstable.成像系统410还可允许通过无线通信配置480的无线通信。 The imaging system 410 may also allow the configuration 480 through wireless communication a wireless communication.成像系统420可以是和无线通信配置480 —起使用的用于识别和记录的手持式便携单通道设置。 The imaging system 420 may be a wireless communication configuration 480-- handheld portable used together for identifying and recording single-channel settings.成像系统410和420可设计为轻便的、抗震的、井能忍受使用和存储条件下的极值温度。 The imaging system 410 and 420 may be designed to be lightweight, seismic, well Extreme temperatures can tolerate use and storage conditions.

[0068] 下面结合图5-15讨论根据本发明的基于任务的成像的多种应用。 [0068] discussed below in conjunction with FIGS. 5-15 of the task-based imaging various applications of the present invention.结合图5及图16-39详细讨论关于虹膜识别的、示例性的基于任务的成像应用。 16-39 in conjunction with FIGS. 5 and discussed in detail on iris recognition, an exemplary task-based imaging applications.下文中讨论的关于虹膜识别的方法、过程和装置可适用于其它基于任务的成像系统的设计、优化和使用，例如结合图5-15讨论的系统，S卩，生物面部识别、用于访问控制的生物识别、用于威胁鉴别的生物识别、条形码阅读、用于装配线中的质量控制的成像、光学字符识别、生物成像和用于对象检测的汽车成像。 Iris recognition methods, processes and devices on discussed below may be applied to the design of other task-based imaging system, and to optimize the use of, for example, discussed in conjunction with the system of FIG. 5-15, S Jie, biological face recognition for access control biometric for authentication biometric threat, a bar code reader, an assembly line for quality control of the imaging, optical character recognition, biological imaging and automotive imaging for object detection.

[0069] 作为基于任务的生物成像的实施例，图5中不出了人眼500的一部分。 [0069] As an example of the bio-based imaging tasks, not a part of FIG. 5, 500 of the human eye.人眼500包括瞳孔区510、虹膜区520、睫状肌区530以及脉络膜区540。 Eye 500 includes a pupil 510, an iris region 520, region 530 and ciliary muscle 540 choroid region.众所周知，每个人的虹膜区520都是唯一的，并可用于高精度地识别每个人。 Well known, each person's iris region 520 is unique, and can be used to accurately identify each person.虹膜区520包含这样的结构，其具有生物识别感兴趣的空间频率，使用波前編码可将这些频率选择性地增强。 Iris region 520 includes such a structure, having spatial frequencies of interest biometrics, wavefront coding may use these frequencies selectively enhanced.

[0070] 作为基于任务的生物成像的另ー个实施例，图6中示出了人脸600的一部分。 [0070] As the task-based imaging biological ー another embodiment, showing a portion of the human face 600 in FIG. 6.人的面部（即使是长相相同的双胞胎）都具有可用于生物识别的区别特征。 A person's face (even with the same appearance twins) has distinguishing features may be used to biometrics.这些特征例如头部的宽度610、眼睛的间隔620、眼睛的宽度630、鼻子的宽度640、嘴部的宽度650，这些特征可提供特定空间频率，这些频率可使用本公开的详细内容选择性地增强。 These features such as the width of the head 610, the interval of the eye 620, the width 630 of the eye, nose width 640, width 650 of the mouth, these features may provide a specific spatial frequencies that may be used to selectively present detailed disclosure enhancement.W. Zhao等人在2003 年12 月的ACM Computing Surveys Vol. 35，No. 4 第399-458 页发表的“面部识别：文献调查（Face Recognition ：ALiterature Survey) ” 一文和Y. Zana 等人2006 年I 月在ACMTransactions on Applied Perception, Vol. 3,No. I 上发表的“基于极性频率特征的面部识别（Face Recognition Based on Polar Frequency Features) ”一文中提供了人脸识别主题的最新调查。 W. Zhao et al., In December 2003, the ACM Computing Surveys Vol 35, No 4 on pages 399-458, published "Face Recognition: A Literature Survey (Face Recognition: ALiterature Survey)".. One article and Y. Zana et al. 2006 in May I offer a new survey topics at ACMTransactions on face recognition on Applied Perception, Vol. 3, No. I published "based on polar frequency characteristic facial recognition (face recognition based on polar frequency features)" in an article.

[0071] 除了生物成像之外，其它的基于任务的成像问题可受益于包括用于增强特定空间频率的波前编码的成像系统。 [0071] In addition to biological imaging, other task-based imaging problems may benefit from enhancing wavefront coding include a spatial frequency of a particular imaging system.这种基于任务的成像问题的实施例是条形码阅读。 This task-based imaging problem embodiment is a barcode reader.ID(—維） 和2D(ニ維）的条形码都具有图案结构，该图案结构具有规定的周期性并因此具有特定的空间频率。 ID (- dimension) and 2D (Ni-dimensional) bar codes having a pattern structure, the periodic structure having a predetermined pattern and thus having a specific spatial frequency.图7示出了一系列2D条形码，将具有波前编码的成像系统捕获的图像和不具有波前编码的成像系统捕获的图像进行了比较。 Figure 7 shows a series of 2D barcodes, a wavefront coding imaging system has an image and a captured image captured by the imaging system having no wavefront coding were compared.图像710-714是从不具有波前编码的成像系统收集的。 710-714 is an image not having a wavefront coding imaging system collected.图像720-724是从使用了波前编码的系统收集的。 The image is collected from 720-724 using a wavefront coding system.由包含波前编码的成像系统捕获的图像显示了少很多的模糊，并因此在到最佳焦距的大范围距离上保留了用于识别的感兴趣的空间频率。 Captured by the imaging system including wavefront coding image shows much less ambiguity, and thus preserving spatial frequencies of interest for recognition over a large range of distances to the best focus.

[0072] 仍然參照图7，当讨论非人对象时，通常使用术语“到最佳焦距的距离（distancefrom best focus) ”替代例如“间隔距离（standoffdistance) ”的术语。 [0072] Still referring to FIG 7, when discussing non-human subjects, typically uses the term "best focus distance of (distancefrom best focus)" Alternatively, for example, "distance (standoffdistance)" term.这两个术语之间的区别可理解为，“间隔距离”是绝对距离，而“到最佳焦距的距离”是相对距离。 The difference between these two terms is understood, "distance" is the absolute distance, and the "distance to the best focus" is a relative distance.也就是说，可通过在最佳焦距上加上/減去超出/小于最佳焦距的距离，来确定用于非人对象的等价间隔距离。 That is, in the best focus by plus / minus exceeds / is less than the best focus distance, determining a distance equivalent to the non-human subjects.图像710和720是在最佳焦距收集的。 710 and 720 images are collected in the best focus.图像711和721是在超出最佳焦距Icm处收集的。 711 and 721 in the image beyond the best focus at the Icm collected.图像712和722是在超出最佳焦距2cm处收集的。 712 and 722 in the image beyond the best focal length 2cm collected.图像713和723是在超出最佳焦距3cm处收集的。 713 and 723 in the image beyond the best focal length 3cm collected.图像714和724是在超出最佳焦距4cm处收集的。 Images 714 and 724 are outside the optimum focal length 4cm collected.与用不具有波前编码的成像系统拍摄的图像710-714相比，图像720-724显示了少得多的模糊，并因此在到最佳焦距的大范围距离上保留了用于识别的感兴趣的空间频率。 Compared with an image with 710-714 without wavefront coding imaging system photographed images 720-724 it shows much less ambiguity, and thus over a wide range best focus distance to retain the sense for recognition the spatial frequency of interest.

[0073] 图8和图9示出了同一系列图像的两个版本。 [0073] Figures 8 and 9 show two versions of the same series of images.图8中的一组图像800是灰度图像，图9中的一组图像900是ニ进制图像。 A set of images 800 in Figure 8 is a grayscale image, a set of images 900 in FIG. 9 is a Ni binary image.比较这些图像可显示人的视觉和用于光学字符识别的成像之间的对比。 The comparison image may be displayed for the human visual contrast between the imaging optical character recognition.人的视觉区分彩色和灰度。 Human visual distinction between color and grayscale.对于OCR(光学字符识别）而言，图像则被处理为ニ进制的黑白图像。 For OCR (optical character recognition), the image processing is monochrome image were ni hexadecimal.与条形码类似，打印的文字也具有特定的空间频率，该频率与字体、字体大小和打字机字体相关。 Similar to a bar code, printed text also has a specific spatial frequency, which is related to the font, font size and typeface.图像810-812和910-912是使用不具有波前编码的成像系统收集的。 810-812 and 910-912 are images having no wavefront coding imaging system collected.图像820-822和920-922是使用具有波前编码的成像系统收集的。 820-822 and 920-922 are image using an imaging system having a wavefront coding collected.每一列图像显示了在距最佳焦距不同距离处捕获的相关的相似图像。 Each column displays a similar image captured image correlation at different distances from the best focus.顶部一行图像810、820、910和920是在小于最佳焦距IOcm处收集的。 The top line of the image less than 810,820,910 and 920 are collected at the optimal focus IOcm.中间一行图像811、821、911和921是在最佳焦距时收集的。 The middle row images 811,821,911 and 921 are collected at the optimum focal length.底部一行图像812、822、912和922是在大于最佳焦距20cm处收集的。 The bottom row of image 812,822,912 and 922 are larger than the optimum focal length 20cm collected.容易看至IJ，尤其是在一组ニ进制图像900中可见，与由不包括波前编码的系统捕获的图像相比，由包括波前编码的成像系统捕获的图像显示了增强的与文字相关的空间频率。 IJ is easy to see, can be seen, as compared with the image captured wavefront coding system does not include, display the enhanced image and text including wavefront coding imaging system to capture a particular set of binary images 900 ni related spatial frequency.維持文字字符的空间频率可提供更高可能性的光学字符识别。 Text characters maintain spatial frequency higher possibility of optical character recognition.

[0074] 图10和11还比较了使用不具有波前编码的成像系统获得的图像（图10)与使用具有波前编码的成像系统获得的图像（图11)。 [0074] FIGS. 10 and 11 also compares the image (FIG. 10) using an image (FIG. 11) wavefront coding imaging system that does not have obtained using a wavefront coding imaging system obtained.图10和11包括装配线上的对象的灰度图像1000和1100。 10 and 11 comprises a gray-scale image of objects on an assembly line 1000 and 1100.对于将识别相似尺寸和形状的对象的机器视觉系统来说，高空间频率信息有利地被成像系统维持或增强。 For the identification of objects of similar size and shape of machine vision systems, high spatial frequency information is advantageously maintained or enhanced imaging system.在图10所示的由不具有波前编码的成像系统捕获的图像1000中，中心区域1020被很好地聚焦，而区域1010和1030认为是未聚焦的，说明这些外部区域中的空间频率信息已丢失。 The image captured by the imaging system shown in FIG. 10 has no wavefront coding in 1000, central zone 1020 is well focused, the region 1010 and 1030 that are unfocused, these outer regions described spatial frequency information It has been lost.相反，在图11所述的由包括波前编码的成像系统捕获的图像1100中，图像1100的全部区域都是聚焦的，并且相对于不具有波前编码的成像系统而言，空间频率信息已得到增强。 In contrast, the image 1100 includes a wavefront coding imaging system 11 according to FIG captured, the entire area of ​​the image 1100 is focused, and with respect to the imaging system has no wavefront coding, spatial frequency information has been enhanced.

[0075] 图12示出了另ー类型的基于任务的成像系统，通过在成像系统中包含波长编码，其可受益于增强或維持用于识别的感兴趣的空间频率。 [0075] FIG. 12 shows the spatial frequency of the other types of imaging systems ー task-based coding by including a wavelength in the imaging system, which may benefit from maintaining or enhancing the interest for identification.图12示出了基于任务的成像系统的应用的场景1200，其尤其用于通过在汽车上成像进行对象检测。 FIG. 12 shows that for the imaging object detecting particular application based on the scene of an imaging system 1200 is used by a task on an automobile.在此实施例中，成像系统1240集成在汽车1230中。 Embodiment, the imaging system 1240 is integrated in the car 1230 in this embodiment.这类成像系统可使用例如NIR、IR或LWIR电磁能量波长来提供夜间成像能力。 Such imaging systems can be used, for example, NIR, IR or electromagnetic energy wavelengths to provide LWIR night imaging capability.场景1200包括在人行道1220的边界内行走的行人1210。 Scene 1200 includes a pedestrian walking within the boundaries 1210 1220 sidewalk.成像系统1240可设计用于识别人行道1220，这样，在识别了人行道1220之后，成像系统则可确定行人1210是否出现在人行道上。 The imaging system 1240 may be designed to identify the sidewalk 1220, so that, after identifying the sidewalk 1220, imaging system 1210 may be determined whether there is a pedestrian on a sidewalk.系统1240识别人行道1220的能力的增加减小了汽车1230与行人1210接触的机会。 Increase the capacity of the system to identify the sidewalk 1240 1220 1230 reduces the chance the car in contact with the pedestrian 1210.人行道通常由着色的条纹或砖块或石头的插入排列表示。 Pavement generally indicated by arranging a colored stripes or inserted brick or stone.因此，尽管人行道1220具有由其构造带来的特定空间频率，但是仍然可在成像系统1240中包含波前编码，以维持或增强这些频率，从而帮助成像系统1240进行识别。 Thus, although the sidewalk 1220 having a particular spatial frequency caused by its structure, but still may be included in the imaging system 1240 wavefront coding, to maintain or enhance these frequencies, the imaging system 1240 to help identify.

[0076] 可受益于增强感兴趣的空间频率的另ー类基于任务的成像应用是生物成像。 [0076] may benefit from enhanced spatial frequencies of interest based on imaging applications ー another task biological imaging.作为生物成像的实施例，图13是果蝇胚胎的荧光图像1300，其同步分裂的细胞核已退色，以显示有丝分裂过程中的微管。 As bioimaging embodiment, FIG. 13 is a fluorescent image of 1300 Drosophila embryo, which has been synchronized split nuclei faded to show during mitotic microtubules.该图像已进行反向以便于观看。 This image has been inverted for viewing.微管在图像中是多个小黑特征。 Microtubules are a plurality of black image features.微管是细胞的微小子部件，并且是直径为24到25纳米的长管。 Microtubules are slight cell subassembly, and a diameter of 24 to 25 nm long tube.其形成细胞结构中称为细胞骨架的一部分。 Which forms part of the cell structure called the cytoskeleton.在有丝分裂过程中，微管动态地形成为束，以创建染色体在其上移动的有丝分裂纺锤体。 In the process of mitosis, microtubules formed into a beam dynamic, to create a chromosome in which there is movement on the mitotic spindle.示例性的有丝分裂纺锤体结构在框1310中示出。 Exemplary mitotic spindle structure shown in box 1310.线状的纺锤体微管可使用光学显微镜分辨，并通过其特征结构而识别。 Linear spindle microtubules can be resolved using an optical microscope, and identified by its characteristic structure.微管提供细胞分裂的物理结构并传递细胞分裂的动态过程。 Providing a cell division microtubules physical structure and dynamics of cell division transmission.微管的不适当的机能可导致染色体分隔或分离的缺陷。 Improper functioning of microtubules can lead to defects separated or isolated chromosomes.正确识别微管和其中的任何误差可向研究者提供关于有丝分裂的细节的信息。 Microtubules and correctly identify any errors which may provide information regarding the details of mitosis to the investigator.在例如在有丝分裂过程中用于监控微管的成像系统中增加波前編码可增强或维持感兴趣的空间频率，并有助于不规则微管的识别。 Increase in an imaging system for monitoring e.g. microtubules during mitosis wavefront coding may maintain or enhance the spatial frequency of interest, and to help identify an irregular microtubules.

[0077] 如參照图1-4进行的讨论，可要求成像系统适用于多个不同的任务或情況。 [0077] As discussed with reference to FIGS. 1-4, the imaging system may be required to apply a plurality of different tasks or situations.例如，可首先要求成像系统提供用于面部识别的数据，这种识别可仅需要有限的景深。 For example, the first imaging system to provide data required for face recognition, which may require identifying only a limited depth of field.稍后，可使用同样的系统用于虹膜识别，该虹膜识别需要更大的景深。 Later, the same system can be used for iris recognition, iris recognition which requires a larger depth of field.作为ー种选择，可要求成像系统不使用波前编码而捕获传统的（人眼可视的）图像。 As ー choices, the imaging system may be required captured conventional (visible to the human eye) image without using a wavefront coding.通过改变焦距（缩放能力）和改变应用的波前编码是用于实现这种可适应的成像系统的两个示例性方法。 By changing the focal distance before encoding (zoom capability), and the wave change application for realizing two exemplary method of forming such a system adaptable.

[0078] 特别地，图14示出了通过利用可滑动的光学元件配置和可变的波前编码而提供可变的光学功率的成像系统的ー对图解说明1400，所述可变的波前編码通过使用两个旋转相位滤波器而实现。ー [0078] In particular, FIG. 14 shows an optical element by using a slidable configuration and variable wavefront coding imaging system to provide a variable optical power of the illustration 1400, the variable wavefront coding code is achieved by using two rotating phase filters.在图解说明1402中，成像系统处于第一状态，且通过孔径1420将从对象1410反射或散发的电磁能量在检测器1470上成像为中间图像1465。 In illustration 1402, the imaging system is in a first state, and 1410 for distributing electromagnetic energy reflected or imaged on the detector 1470 through the aperture 1465 of the intermediate image 1420 from the object.根据该中间图像，检测器1470生成该对象中存在的空间频率范围上的图像数据1475(由箭头表示）。 According to this intermediate image detector 1470 generates image data on the spatial frequency range of the object present in 1475 (indicated by arrows).可滑动元件1430可与元件1460共同工作，以修改对象1410的放大率。 Slidable element 1430 may work together with the elements 1460, 1410 to modify the magnification of the object.附加元件1440和1450可为例如旋转相位滤波器，用于改变图像的波前编码。 Additional elements 1440 and 1450 may be, for example, the rotational phase filter, for changing a wavefront coded picture.可滑动元件1430、附加元件1440和1450和/或元件1460对来自对象的电磁能量的波前进行相位调制（即，波前编码）。 Slidable element 1430, additional elements 1440 and 1450 for phase modulation (i.e., wavefront coding), and / or electromagnetic energy waves 1460 pairs of elements from the object before.可通过DSP (数字信号处理）单元对来自检测器1470的图像数据进一歩处理，然后由DSP输出期望的数据。 Unit may be the image data from the detector 1470 into a ho processed by a DSP (digital signal processing), then the desired data is output by the DSP.作为ー种选择，将来自1470的图像数据1475直接输出为数据1490。 As ー choices, directly from the image data 1475 is data 1490 output 1470.可由任一路径或者两个路径将数据1490输出。 By any one path or two paths 1490 outputs the data.由DSP 1480处理之后的数据1490可产生最后的人眼可视图像，而未由DSP 1480处理过的数据1490可用于识别或其它任务。 After the 1490 data is processed by DSP 1480 may generate the final image visible to the human eye, but not processed by the DSP 1480 through 1490 may be used to identify the data, or other tasks.可由可滑动元件1430、附加元件1440和1450中的ー个或多个提供电磁能量波前的相位调制，元件1460改变中间图像的特性以使成像系统1400的SNR大于不具有相位调制的成像系统的SNR。 The sliding member 1430 may be, the additional elements 1440 and 1450 ー or more phase-modulated wave front of electromagnetic energy is provided, the intermediate element 1460 to change the characteristics of the image such that the SNR is greater than the imaging system 1400 does not have a phase modulation of the imaging system SNR.作为ー种选择或补充，相位调制可配置以与DSP1480共同工作，从而，与其中不具有相位调制和数字信号处理器的相同的系统相比，可减小成像系统中的至少ー个成像像差（例如，与温度有关的像差和与冲击有关的像差）。 As ー species Alternatively or additionally, the phase modulator may be configured to work with DSP1480, whereby, in which the system does not have the same phase modulation of a digital signal processor and compared, at least one imaging aberrations can be reduced ー imaging system (e.g., temperature-dependent aberration and impact and related aberrations).在图解说明1404中，成像系统处于放大和波前編码的第二状态。 In illustration 1404, the imaging system is in a second state of wavefront coding and amplification.可滑动元件1430和旋转相位滤波器1450(由不同的阴影示出）相对于图解说明1402中相似的元件1430'和1450'来说位于不同的位置，从而生成不同的中间图像1465'、图像数据1475'和数据1490'。 And the rotary member 1430 slidably phase filter 1450 (shown by different hatching) with respect to 1402 illustrates similar elements 1430 'and 1450' is located at different positions, thereby generating different intermediate image 1465 ', the image data 1475 'and 1490 data'.

[0079] 尽管结合旋转相位元件进行了讨论，但是可变的波前编码元件可根据反射的或投射的光学元件而设计以改变相位，所述光学元件例如液晶空间光调制器、可变形的反射器、液态透镜、液晶变化器、可滑动光学元件配置、滑动变化器装置、滑动孔径变化器、或者其它机电（即，DLP(数字光处理））或电光装置。 [0079] While the binding phase of the rotary member is discussed, but the variable wavefront coding element may be designed to change the phase of the reflected or projected optical element, said optical element is a liquid crystal spatial light modulators, deformable reflective , a liquid lens, the liquid crystal changes, a slidable optical element configuration, change slide means, the slide aperture variator, or other organic (i.e., DLP (digital light processing)) or electro-optical devices.根据具体应用，可需要电磁能量波前的相位变化范围为零到十个波或者更多个波。 Depending on the application, you may be required before the zero phase variation range of the electromagnetic wave energy wave to ten or more waves.作为ー种选择，可使用修改波前的振幅的光学元件来替代相位修改元件。 As ー choices, the optical element may be used to modify the amplitude of the wave front instead of phase-modifying element.此外，在基于任务的成像系统中可使用适应性系统，例如设计用于生物成像的系统。 Further, in the task-based imaging systems may be used in adaptive systems, for example systems designed for biological imaging.例如，如图13所示，利用显微镜对微管成像。 For example, as shown in FIG 13, a microscope image of microtubules.在这种应用中，可需要在相同的成像系统内观察更大或更小的细胞结构（例如通过改变放大率）。 In such applications, it may be required to observe a larger or smaller cell structure (e.g., by changing the magnification) in the same imaging system.此外，可使用波前编码以校正基于任务的成像系统中的成像像差。 Further, it may be used to correct a wavefront coding imaging aberrations in the task-based imaging system.例如，可将用于修改波前相位（即，波前编码）的调制元件集成到图像数据捕获装置中，作为可滑动元件1430、附加元件1440和1450以及元件1460中的ー个和多个中的至少ー个，以使得与不使用调制元件的基于任务的成像系统相比，減少基于任务的成像系统中的一个或多个图像像差。 For example, can be used to modify the phase of the wavefront (i.e., wavefront coding), modulation components into the image data capturing device, a slidable element 1430, additional elements 1440 and 1450 and an element 1460 and a plurality of ーー at least one of such a task-based imaging system over the non-modulation element, reducing a task-based imaging system aberrations or more images.

[0080] 图15是示出了基于任务的成像系统1510的框图1500。 [0080] FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating 15001510 task-based imaging system.成像系统1510包括图像数据捕获装置1520和成像数据处理系统1530。 The imaging system 1510 includes an image capturing apparatus 1520 and the data processing system 1530 imaging data.示例性的成像系统例如为图2中的成像系统210和220以及与系统控制器270协同工作的成像系统装配245。 Exemplary imaging systems such as imaging system assembly 245 of FIG. 2 220 210 and the system controller 270 and a cooperating imaging system.

[0081] 图像数据捕获装置1520可包括但不限于用于从场景捕获图像数据的装置、系统和处理。 1520 [0081] The captured image data may include, but are not limited to means for capturing image data from the scene, and processing systems.可包含在系统1520中的组件例如照射源、光学元件（例如反射、折射和全息元件）、相位修改元件（例如结合图16描述的相位修改元件）、可变光学元件（例如结合图14所述的可变光学元件）、检测器（例如传感器和照相机）以及可需要用来支持图像数据捕获装置的其它附属硬件。 Components such as the illumination source, optical elements (e.g. a reflective, refractive and holographic elements) may be included in the system 1520, the phase modifying element (e.g., FIG. 16 described in conjunction with phase-modifying element), a variable optical element (e.g. 14 in conjunction with FIG. variable optical element), a detector (such as a sensor and a camera) and may require additional hardware to support additional image data capture device.

[0082] 图像数据处理装置1530可包括但不限于用于对图像数据捕获装置1520从场景捕获的图像数据进行处理的装置、系统和处理。 [0082] The image data processing device 1530 may include, but is not limited to the image capturing apparatus 1520 for data processing apparatus, image processing system and the data captured from the scene.可包含在系统1530中的组件为基于照相机的处理器、系统控制器（例如图2中的270)、外部计算机、软件代码、操作系统、图像处理软件、波前编码滤波器设计、基于任务的软件程序以及用于记录图像数据的数据存储単元。 Components may be included in the system 1530 a camera processor, based on a system controller (e.g., 270 in FIG. 2), an external computer, software code, operating system, image processing software, wavefront coding filter design, task-based the software program and data storage for recording the image data element radiolabeling.

[0083] 在大间隔距离的虹膜识别的上下文中，可更清楚地理解在基于任务的成像系统(如上所述）中通过使用波前编码增强或维持感兴趣的空间频率的细节。 [0083] In the context of the iris recognition large spacing distance may be more clearly understood through the use of a wavefront coding enhancing or maintaining spatial frequencies of interest details of the task-based imaging system (as described above).在待成像的虹膜处于大间隔距离（例如大于2米）的情况下，在生物虹膜识别的实现中出现了ー些困难。 In the iris to be imaged at a large distance (e.g., greater than 2 meters) of the case, there has been some difficulty in achieving biological ー iris identified.当待成像的虹膜位于距成像系统大于大约I米时，成像系统应该具有大的孔径，以：1)提供高的空间频率的信息，以对虹膜的细节进行成像；以及2)捕获充足的光，以产生高质量的信号。 When the iris to be imaged is located away from the imaging system is greater than about I m, the imaging system should have a large aperture, to: 1) provide information of high spatial frequencies, to the details of iris imaging; and 2) capture a sufficient light , to produce high-quality signal.增大成像光学器件的孔径导致了景深的减小，这样，当对象处于大的间隔距离时，波前编码的使用甚至更加有益。 Increasing the aperture of the imaging optics leads to a reduction of depth of field, so that, when the subject distance is large, the use of wavefront coding is even more advantageous.此外，对于大间隔距离应用来说，在感兴趣的空间频率范围和感兴趣的散焦范围上的高度调制是期望的。 Further, for large applications, distance, height modulation in the spatial frequency range of interest and a defocus range of interest is desirable.对于这种应用，可使用波前编码来增加调制（与不使用波前编码的情况相比）。 For this application, the modulation can be increased (compared to the case without using the wavefront coding) using a wavefront coding.

[0084] 在某些虹膜识别系统中可通过例如使用多个照相机来实现增加的视场和景深，所述多个照相机将全部成像体积分为多个较小的成像体积。 [0084] In certain iris recognition system may be, for example, by using a plurality of cameras to achieve increased depth of field and field of view, all the plurality of cameras into a plurality of small imaging volume of the imaging volume.在这种情况下，感兴趣的视场可使用机械装置（例如反射精或棱镜）转向ー个或多个照相机。 In this case, the field of view of interest to one or more of the steerable ー cameras using mechanical means (e.g., a prism or a reflective finish).然而，这种机械装置可需要额外的功率和更多的维护、减小图像捕获处理的速度、并在捕获的图像中引入噪声。 However, such mechanical devices may require additional power and more maintenance, reduce the speed of the image capturing process, and introduce noise in the captured image.增大景深、视场和成像系统的分辨率有助于大间隔距离下的虹膜识别。 Increases the depth of field, the field of view and resolution of the imaging system helps iris recognition at a large distance interval.尽管当前可用的虹膜识别成像系统可能不能同时提供大的视场和高分辨率，但是在成像光学器件中包含波前编码可提高这两方面的性能。 While currently available iris recognition imaging systems may not provide high resolution and large field of view simultaneously, but comprising wavefront coding can improve the performance of these two areas in the imaging optics.

[0085] 虹膜识别系统可使用近红外的照射源，用于提高虹膜图像对比度。 [0085] The iris recognition system using near-infrared illumination source, iris for improving image contrast.这些照射源的照明度应该在整个成像体积上保持在在安全水平，以防止对眼睛造成潜在的伤害。 The illumination source of illumination should be maintained over the entire imaging volume at a safe level, in order to prevent potential damage to the eyes.可改进虹膜识别系统的多种波前包括余弦形式、散焦面立方形式、高阶可分离形式和高阶不可分离形式。 Can improve iris recognition system comprising a plurality of cosine wave front, the defocus plane cubic form, the high-order and higher-order non-separable form in isolated form.对于大间隔距离应用来说，在感兴趣的空间频率范围和感兴趣的散焦范围上的高度调制是期望的。 For large distance applications, height modulation in the spatial frequency range of interest and a defocus range of interest is desirable.

[0086] 示例性的基于任务的成像系统1510是IHONS I. I系统，其用于获得在虹膜识别任务中使用的关于场景的数据。 [0086] An exemplary task-based imaging system 1510 IHONS I. I system for obtaining data regarding a scene for use in iris recognition task.特别地，在IHONS I. I系统中，图像数据捕获装置1520包括光学器件，其用于将来自场景的电磁能量波前成像为中间图像、修改该波前的相位（即，波前编码）、检测该中间图像、以及生成大范围空间频率上的图像数据。 In particular, in the IHONS I. I system, the image data capture device 1520 includes an optical device for imaging electromagnetic energy waves from the scene before the intermediate image, modifying the phase of the wavefront (i.e., wavefront coding), detecting the intermediate image, and generating image data on a wide range of spatial frequencies.例如，图像数据捕获装置1520可包括一个或多个成像光学器件以及波前编码元件。 For example, image data capturing device 1520 may include one or more imaging optics and wavefront coding element.作为ー种选择，成像光学器件和波前编码元件可集成到单ー的光学元件中，或者波前编码效应可分布在一个或多个成像光学器件上。 As ー choices, imaging optics and wavefront coding element may be integrated into a single optical element ー, the wavefront coding effect or may be distributed on one or more imaging optics.同样，中间图像的检测和图像数据的生成可由単一的检测器实现，其用于将入射到其上的电磁能量转化为电子数据。 Similarly, detecting and generating an intermediate image of image data may be implemented radiolabeling a detector for electromagnetic energy incident thereon into electronic data.此外，IHONS I. I系统的图像数据处理装置1530与图像捕获系统1520协同工作以解决由波前编码元件对波前的修改，并进ー步实现虹膜图像识别的任务。 Further, IHONS I. I system including an image data processing apparatus and the image capture system 1530 1520 work together to solve the task of modifying the wavefront, and thus ー steps implemented by a wavefront coding element of iris image recognition.下面，结合图16-39和大间隔距离下的虹膜识别任务详细描述IHONS 1.1系统的细节。 Next, the iris recognition task in conjunction with FIGS. 16-39 and the large distance details IHONS 1.1 system is described in detail.

[0089] 其中，f (X)和f (y)是高阶多项式。 [0089] where, f (X) and f (y) is a high order polynomial.尽管IHOS设计适用于小间隔距离下的虹膜识另IJ，但是IHONS设计能够用少量的滤波器在操作间隔距离范围上实现WFC调制。 Although IHOS designed for iris recognition at a small distance of another IJ, but can be designed with a small amount IHONS filter operation realized on WFC modulation distance range.

[0092] 其中，I) Φ是在每个标准空间坐标X和y (即，通过在每个维度X和y上将入射光瞳的半径（r)划分到O到I之间的范围，将整个空间域标准化）处的相位函数；2) Φ是厄米的，也就是每个系数Ciij= Qji ；3)当i = 0或j =0时，至少某些I CiijI彡1，从而提供X和y上相对高的MTF (调制传递函数）；以及4)当iデO且jデO时，Ctij的值可由公式3确定： [0092] wherein, I) Φ is the standard in each of the spatial coordinates X and y (i.e., by the dimensions X and y each on the entrance pupil of radius (r) dividing the range between O I, the the entire spatial domain normalized phase function) at; 2) Φ is Hermitian, i.e. each coefficient Ciij = Qji; 3) when i = 0 or j = 0 when at least some of the I CiijI San 1, providing X and the y relatively high MTF (modulation transfer function); and 4) when the video game, i and j O O when the video game, Ctij value determined by equation 3:

[0093] [0093]

公式3 [0094] 在图17到图41的实施例中使用的示例性“IHONS I. I”设计在公式I定义的IHONS设计中使用具体的系数。 Equation 3 [0094] The exemplary use of the embodiment of FIG. 17 to FIG. 41 "IHONS I. I" design using specific coefficients IHONS design formula I defined.0〃项如下定义。 0〃 terms are defined as follows.前四项对应于可分离项： The first four correspond to the detachable key:

I. IWFC元件可集成到图14所示的成像系统中，作为可滑动元件1430、附加元件1440和1450、和/或元件1460，用于调制波前的相位。 I. IWFC elements may be integrated into the imaging system shown in FIG. 14, as the slidable element 1430, additional elements 1440 and 1450, and / or element 1460, a phase modulated wave front.标绘图1600的横坐标与纵坐标均以毫米为単位。 Plot the abscissa and ordinate 1600 are in millimeters. Unit.标绘图右侧的灰度条单位为微米。 Right gray bar unit plot in microns.每个等高线代表从为零值的中心区域1610开始的大约2微米的凹陷差。 Each contour line represents a difference from the recessed central region 1610 of the start value of zero to about 2 microns.区域1620的凹陷值为大约12微米。 Recessed region 1620 is approximately 12 microns.区域1630的凹陷值大约为_12微米。 Recessed area value of about 1630 microns _12.对于λ = 840nm的19. 3个波的总路径长度差异来说，波峰到波谷表面的总凹陷差为24. 4微米。 The total path length difference λ = 840nm wave of 19.3, the total surface of the peak to trough difference of 24.4 microns recess.IHONS I. IWFC元件可通过例如快速伺服金刚石切割制造エ艺制造。 IHONS I. IWFC fast servo elements by a diamond cutter, for example, producing Ester manufacturing arts.假定透镜元件之间具有小的间隙，可选择CaF2作为衬底材料。 It is assumed to have a small gap between the lens element, optionally CaF2 as the substrate material.假定具有大的波形因素（例如，30_直径的元件具有5_的厚度），作为ー种可选的材料，PMMA (聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯）可更低价，但其可能更容易变形。 Is assumed to have a large form factor (e.g., the diameter of the element has a thickness 30_ 5_), as a material ー selectable, PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) may be cheaper, but it may be more easily deformed.初看起来，标绘图1600可能与可分离的IHOS设计没有太大区別。 At first glance, 1600 might plot with detachable IHOS design is not much different.然而，所示的IHONS I. I设计包括截项系数（cross term coefficient),其提供了值得注意的离轴调制，从而增大了极性SNR，下文将对此进行描述。 However, IHONS design I. I shown comprises a cross coefficient (cross term coefficient), which provides off-axis modulation Notably, increasing the polarity of the SNR, which will be described hereinafter.[0105] 已知人的虹膜的直径平均为12mm。 [0105] Known human iris diameter average of 12mm.为了帮助虹膜识别，应该在高的空间频率对虹膜的结构进行采样。 To help identify the iris, the iris structure should be sampled at a high spatial frequency.因此，虹膜识别算法中虹膜直径上通常具有的推荐的最少数量的像素。 Thus, a minimum number of iris recognition algorithms typically have a diameter of iris pixel recommended.图17是对着虹膜的图像的、图像传感器阵列的像素数量的图形标绘图1700，该像素数量为间隔距离的函数。 FIG 17 is a front image of the iris, the number of pixels of the image sensor array graphical plot 1700, the number of pixels as a function of separation distance.图形标绘图1700中，以米为単位的间隔距离为横坐标，虹膜直径上的像素数量为纵坐标。 Graphical plot 1700, the spacing distance in meters as the abscissa. Unit, the number of pixels on the iris diameter of the ordinate.图17示出了虹膜的图像随着间隔距离的减小而变大，使得该图像对着图像传感器阵列的更多像素。 FIG 17 shows an image of the iris decreases as the separation distance becomes large, so that the image against the image sensor array more pixels.尽管内插过程并不向虹膜图像中増加信息，但是内插的确使用于识别的虹膜图像数据达到更好的条件，从而在虹膜识别中带来更好的辨别。 Although not to increase in the interpolation process information to the iris image, but does use the interpolated image data to the iris recognition achieve better conditions, resulting in better discrimination in the iris recognition.

[0106] 图18示出了作为间隔距离范围的函数的、散焦波的数量的图形标绘图1800。 [0106] FIG. 18 shows a function of the separation distance range, the number of waves of defocus graphical plot 1800.图形标绘图1800的横坐标为以米为单位的间隔距离，纵坐标为散焦的波的数量。 Graphical plot 1800 abscissa is distance in meters, and the ordinate is the number of waves of defocus.间隔距离为 Distance is

2. I和2. 4米的垂直虚线指出了选择用于本发明的虹膜识别成像系统的ー个实施例中的间隔距离。 2. I 2.4 m and a vertical dotted line indicates the distance ー embodiment iris identification selected for the imaging system of the present invention.并不选择使距离范围内散焦的波的最大数量最小化的最佳焦距位置，而是选择这样的范围，使得当对象更近时存在更多散焦。 We do not choose to make the best focal position of the maximum number of waves of defocus distance range is minimized, but the choice of such a range, so that when there are more objects closer defocusing.尽管MTF随着用于包含波前编码的成像系统的空间频率单调减小，但是，由于当虹膜远离成像系统时需要更高的空间频率，因此，这种选择均衡了整个间隔距离范围上的可用SNR。 Although the MTF for the spatial frequency as the imaging system including wavefront coding monotonically decreases, however, requires higher because when the spatial frequency of the iris away from the imaging system, and therefore, this option is available SNR equalized over the entire distance range .如图18所示，对于感兴趣的间隔距离，不多于5个散焦的波需要被校正。 As shown, for the distance of interest, not more than 5 wave defocus 18 needs to be corrected.

[0107] 现在參照图19-21，通过计算分析从包括IHONS I. I波前编码元件的模拟成像系统（例如，将在下文讨论的图33的成像系统3300)得到的PSF和MTF，确定期望的系统性能。 [0107] Referring now to FIGS. 19-21, obtained from the analog imaging system includes a wavefront coding element IHONS I. I (e.g., the imaging system will be discussed below in FIG. 33 3300) by calculating the MTF and PSF analysis, determining a desired the system performance.检查PSF在成像体积上的紧致性和不变性。 Check invariant PSF and firmness on the imaging volume.检查MTF在以上所述的期望间隔距离范围中感兴趣的空间频带中的调制强度。 Check MTF modulation intensity spatial frequency band of interest is above the desired range of distance.如图21的极性MTF所示，作为间隔距离的函数并在全部角度方位上对感兴趣的频率上的调制（对比度）和SNR进行检查。 MTF polarity shown in FIG. 21, as a function of separation distance and the modulation (contrast) on a frequency of interest to be checked over the entire angular orientation and SNR.

[0108] 图19示出了用于IHONS I. I成像系统的、在不同间隔距离（以米为单位标记在每个子图像的左上角）下的一组模拟的经过焦点的标准化的PSF 1900。 [0108] FIG. 19 illustrates, through a set of analog focus at different distance (in meters mark at the top left of each sub-image) for the imaging system IHONS I. I normalized PSF 1900.为了清楚起见，PSF用对数灰度化和门限化。 For clarity, PSF and logarithmic grayscale thresholding.如图18所示，最佳焦距为2. 27m。 FIG, 18 is best focus 2. 27m.在成像系统中用一个透镜測量的彗形像差也包含在IHONS I. I成像系统中，但是这ー特征并不是IHONS I. I成像系统中固有的。 Coma aberration in a lens is measured using an imaging system is also included in the imaging system IHONS I. I, but this feature is not ー IHONS I. I inherent in the imaging system.值得注意地，图19中示出的用IHONS I. I成像系统得到的PSF与用IHOS成像系统得到的矩形可分离设计中所期望的PSF是类似的。 Notably, FIG. 19 shows the imaging system with the IHONS I. I obtained with PSF obtained by the imaging system IHOS rectangular separable a desired design is similar to the PSF.也就是说，可期望地，从IHONS I. I成像系统中得到的PSF不随着间隔距离的变化而明显改变，从而允许在需要的间隔距离范围上仅使用少量滤波器就实现大间隔距离的虹膜识别。 That is, desirably, IHONS I. I obtained from the PSF of the imaging system as the interval does not significantly change as the distance changes, thereby allowing the separation distance in the range required to achieve only a small amount of the iris filter spaced a large distance recognition.

[0109] 图20示出了用于IHONS I. I成像系统的、在不同间隔距离（以米为单位标记在每个子图像的左上角）下的一组模拟的经过焦点的MTF2000。 [0109] FIG. 20 illustrates, through a set of analog focus at different distance (in meters mark of each sub-image in the upper left) in MTF2000 IHONS I. I for the imaging system.为了清楚起见，MTF用对数灰度化和门限化。 For clarity, MTF and the logarithmic grayscale thresholding.同样，尽管彗形像差并不是IHONS I. I成像系统的固有特征，但是，为了完整性的要求，模拟中仍然包括了彗形像差的采样。 Also, while the coma aberration is not inherent characteristics IHONS I. I imaging system, however, the requirements for completeness, including sampling the analog still comatic aberration.可以注意到，图20中，在垂直和水平方向都存在高度调制，但是，与完全可分离设计（例如，IH0S)相反，对角线和非对角线调制略微变大，尤其是当对象远离最佳焦距而期望更多的调制吋。 It may be noted in FIG. 20, the vertical and horizontal directions is present height modulation, however, the fully detachable design (e.g., IH0S) opposite, diagonal and off-diagonal modulation is slightly increased, especially when the object moves away from the best focus more desired modulation inch.IHONS I. I成像系统的MTF的这ー特性与图19所示的PSF的缓慢变化相结合，说明了在此大间隔距离下的虹膜识别系统的特定应用中，IHONS I. I系统提供的弱不可分离设计相对于IHOS系统的优点。 Slowly varying PSF shown that the MTF characteristic of FIG ー IHONS I. I combined with the imaging system 19, in the particular application described weak iris recognition system in this large spacing distance, the system provides IHONS I. I inseparable IHOS advantages with respect to design of the system.

[0110] 图21示出了IHONS I. I系统的极性MTF等高线标绘图。 [0110] FIG. 21 shows a contour plot of the MTF polar IHONS I. I system.等高线标绘图2100的横坐标是以米为单位的间隔距离，纵坐标为以弧度为单位的极角。 The abscissa is the contour plot of 2100 m units of distance, the vertical axis is in radians polar angle.图中的灰度等高线表示感兴趣的空间频率（即，与O. Imm的临界采样对象特征相关的频率）作为方向（纵轴）和间隔距离（横轴）的函数的调制，其中考虑了作为间隔距离的函数的空间频率变化。 FIG gray contour line represents the spatial frequency of interest (i.e., associated with the object O. Imm wherein the critical sampling frequency) as the direction (vertical axis) and distance (abscissa) spacing modulation function, which takes as a function of the distance of the spatial separation frequency.

[0111] 为了实现大间隔距离下的虹膜识别，可论证地，所有方向都同等重要。 [0111] In order to achieve the iris recognition at a large distance, arguably, all directions are equally important.图22是提供精确性能測量的、所有方向上均衡的平均对比度的标绘图2200。 FIG 22 is a performance to provide accurate measurements, the average contrast in all directions on the balanced plot 2200.标绘图2200的横坐标是以米为単位的间隔距离，纵坐标是对比度。 The abscissa is a plot of 2200 meters distance. Unit ordinate the contrast.图22示出了对于本发明的IHONS I. I系统，在所有方向（-η到+上均衡的、作为间隔距离的函数的、感兴趣的空间频率上的平均对比度。如图22所示，感兴趣的最高空间频率（对应于O. Imm的对象细节）上的对比度较高。图23示出了平均SNR与间隔距离的相关标绘图。可计算平均对比度并将其用作系统性能的定量測量，平均SNR更是如此。 FIG. 22 shows that for the IHONS I. I system according to the present invention, in all directions (to the + eta balanced, as a function of distance intervals, the average contrast of the spatial frequency of interest. 22, the maximum spatial frequency of interest (corresponding to the object O. Imm details) on the higher contrast. FIG. 23 shows the correlation plot of the average SNR and the distance. may be calculated as the average contrast and quantitative performance of the system measurement, average SNR even more so.

[0112] 图24示出了使用根据本发明的IHONS I. I成像系统、用于处理捕获的WFC图像的滤波器的图形表示2400。 [0112] FIG. 24 illustrates the present invention using the IHONS I. I imaging system, a filter pattern for processing the captured image WFC 2400 of FIG.使用接近最佳焦距位置捕获的三个PSF的平均值由Wiener參数方法建立该滤波器。 Close to the optimum focus position using three captured to establish the average value of the PSF by the Wiener filter method parameters.Wiener滤波器參数包括噪声參数250和对象细节I. 2。 Wiener filter parameters comprising noise parameters 250 and object details I. 2.得到的噪声增益为O. 54，表示该滤波器是平滑的。 Noise gain is obtained O. 54, indicating that the filter is smooth.[0113] 图像模拟是基于任务的成像系统（例如，虹膜识别）的设计过程中的重要步骤。 [0113] The image simulation is based on the task of imaging system (e.g., iris recognition) is an important step in the design process.图25示出了说明用于生成模拟图像的处理2500的流程图。 FIG 25 shows a flowchart illustrating a process for generating the simulated image 2500.处理2500可在例如图15的图像数据处理装置1530中实现。 Process 2500 may be implemented in, for example, the image data processing apparatus 1530 in FIG. 15.例如，图像数据处理装置1530可包括用于实现处理2500的软件或固件。 For example, the image data processing device 1530 may include software or firmware for implementing the process 2500.用于模拟图像的处理2500从准备步骤2505开始，在该步骤中，实现系统初始化和其它任务。 For processing the analog image 25002505 preparing step begins, in this step, a realized system initialization and other tasks.在步骤2515，对包括空间频率范围的高分辨率输入的图像数据2510进行傅立叶变换（例如，通过FFT (快速傅立叶变换）方法），以得到傅立叶空间的输入图像谱2520。 In step 2515, input image data including high spatial frequency range of the Fourier transform of 2510 (e.g., by FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) method), to obtain the spectrum of the input image 2520 in Fourier space.确定成像系统的高分辨率散焦OTF数据2525和高分辨率像素MTF数据2535，然后在步骤2530将其与输入图像谱2520相乗，以生成高分辨率图像的修改的图像谱。 Determining a high resolution imaging system defocused OTF data 2525 and the high-resolution pixel data MTF 2535, and then multiplied by the input image 2520 at step 2530 spectra, high resolution image to generate a modified image spectrum.通过像素MTF的相乘，可考虑到像素采样和低通滤波。 MTF by multiplying the pixel, the pixel can be considered low-pass filtering and sampling.OTF数据可包括测得的采样透镜的波前误差。 OTF data may include measured wave front error of the lens samples.

[0114] 由于散焦根据间隔距离（dQ)而变化，因此可对OTF进行内插以具有与高分辨率图像的谱相同的矩阵大小。 [0114] Since the defocus distance according to (dQ) is changed, it is possible to interpolate OTF spectrum having a high-resolution image to the same matrix size.对于在反傅立叶变换步骤2545中实现图像数据的实空间转换，知道矩阵大小也是重要的。 For real space to achieve inverse Fourier transform of the image data converted in step 2545, it is also important to know the size of the matrix.可通过例如改变成像系统内的波前编码元件来修改0TF，以使输出图像中的SNR和不具有SNR的其它系统相比得到进ー步增加。 0TF may be modified, for example, by changing the wavefront coding element within the imaging system, so that the output image SNR and other system does not have to get into the comparison SNR ー increased by the step.在步骤2545，通过反傅立叶变换将来自步骤2530的修改的图像谱转化为修改的图像。 In step 2545, the inverse Fourier transform step from the spectrum of the modified image 2530 as an image conversion modified.然后使用该修改的图像生成输出图像。 Then the image generating an output image using the modification.在步骤2550，通过下采样将图像大小调整为最終的分辨率，从而考虑可变的放大率(例如，由于对象距离的变化）。 In step 2550, the sampling resizes the image by a final resolution, to account for variable magnification (e.g., due to a change of the object distance).通过下采样而不对图像进行低通滤波，也考虑到混叠。 Low-pass filtering without downsampling an image by also considering the aliasing.作为一种选择，下采样可包括对给定下采样原点的修改的图像，和通常使用的采样积进行处理；然后通过在下采样过程中改变下采样原点生成调整过大小的图像的多个混叠版本。 As an alternative, the sample may comprise the modified image to the origin set sampling, and sampling the product typically used for processing; downsampling origin and generating a plurality of adjusted size of the image is changed by aliasing during downsampling version.在下文关于图28和29的讨论中，对适当点的下采样和原点变化的处理进行讨论。 In the discussion of FIGS. 28 and 29 below, the down-sampling processing for the origin point and appropriate changes are discussed.虹膜识别算法可需要具有特定大小（例如,640 X 480像素）的图像。 Iris recognition algorithm may require an image having a certain size (e.g., 640 X 480 pixels).由于原始图像可为高放大率下的图像，因此包括虹膜的区域可小于该大小。 Since the original image may be an image at a high magnification, and therefore includes an iris region may be less than the size.在步骤2555中，可对图像进行零填充，但是这ー处理可导致图像周围不真实的边缘。 In step 2555, the image can be zero padded, but this process may lead to unrealistic ー around the edges of the image.为了得到更真实的图像，可对模拟图像填充ー份其外部边缘线。 To obtain more realistic images, it can be filled with the analog image parts ー its outer edge line.边缘线是图像的最高一行、最底一行、最左一列和最右一列。 Edge line of the image is the highest line, the bottom line, a leftmost and rightmost column.可复制这些边缘线，直到图像充满640X480，从而得到围绕边缘的条纹。 May copy these edge lines until full 640X480 image, whereby the fringe around the edges.图30示出了这些边缘效应的实施例。 FIG 30 shows an embodiment of these edge effects.

[0115] 最后，在步骤2560，使用实际检测器中存在的相同的噪声參数（例如，充分计数和读噪声计数），在图像中加入泊松分布的散粒噪声和高斯分布的读噪声。 [0115] Finally, in step 2560, using the same noise parameter (e.g., the full count and the count read noise) present in the actual detector, was added Poisson shot noise and read noise of Gaussian distribution in the image.其结果是输出图像2565，其除了不表示检测器饱和外，其余均为IHONS I. I系统实际捕获的图像的可靠重合。 As a result, an output image 2565, except that it does not represent a reliable coincidence detector saturation, the rest are IHONS I. I system actually captured image.然后可用所选的滤波器内核对输出图像滤波，产生如图30所示的图像。 Filter kernels can then be selected on the output image filtering, image 30 is generated as shown in FIG.模拟过程不考虑在光瞳内部和图像的其它区域中的镜面反射点处出现的检测饱和。 Detecting saturation occurs at the point of specular reflection simulation process is not considered in other areas of the pupil and an image of the interior of.图25的模拟算法包括散焦图像上的波前编码效应，以使得可在模拟的图像上实现算法识别，因而允许整体系统性能的预见。 FIG simulation algorithm 25 includes wavefront coding effect on the defocused image, so that the algorithm can identify the analog image, thus allowing the overall system performance predictable.

[0116] 图26示出了用于优化方法的框图2600，该方法中使用例如极性SNR的给定參数来优化基于任务的成像系统。 [0116] FIG. 26 shows a block diagram of a method 2600 for optimizing, for example, the process parameters to optimize a given task-based imaging system polarity SNR.图26与上文引用的第11/000，819号美国专利申请的图2相同，并将其复制到本文中以说明光学和数字系统设计优化的一般方法。 The same as FIG. 26 No. 11 / 000,819 and U.S. Patent Application referenced above 2, and copies it to the general method described herein to optical and digital system design optimization.设计优化系统2612可用于优化系统设计2613，包括光学系统设计2614和数字系统设计2615。 Design optimizing system 2612 may be used to optimize system design 2613, 2614 includes an optical system design and a digital system design 2615.例如，光学系统设计可为波前编码元件的初始光学规则，如图16所示。 For example, the optical system may be an initial optical design rules wavefront coding element, as shown in Figure 16.数字系统设计2615可为用于对来自光学系统的图像进行信号处理的滤波器的初始设计，如图24所示。 Digital system design 2615 may be an initial filter design for the optical system from the image signal processing shown in Figure 24.设计优化系统2612可用于生成优化的系统设计2630。 Design optimizing system 2612 may be used to generate an optimized system design 2630.优化的系统设计2630可包括优化的光学系统设计2632和优化的数字系统设计2634。 Optimized system design 2630 may include an optimized optical system design 2632 and optimized digital system design 2634.示例性的优化设计为本文描述的IH0NS1. I设计。 Optimization exemplary designs described herein for IH0NS1. The I design.

[0117] 将系统设计2613输入到设计优化系统2612，以创建系统模型2616。 [0117] The 2613 system design input to design optimizing system 2612 to create a system model 2616.系统模型2616 不例性地包括光学系统模型2617和数字系统模型2618,模型2617和2618分别表不光学系统设计2614和数字系统设计2615。 System Model 2616 does not include exemplary embodiments of optical system model 2617 and digital system model 2618, model 2617, and 2618, respectively, optical system design table is not digital system design 2614 and 2615.设计优化系统2612可模拟系统模型2616的功能，以生成输出2619。 Design optimizing system 2612 can emulate the functions of the system model 2616, 2619 to generate an output.输出2619例如可包括由光学系统模型2617的模拟生成的光瞳图和与数字系统模型2618的相关联的比特流信息。 Output 2619 may comprise, for example, pupil map generated by simulation of optical system model 617 and digital system model and the information associated bitstream 2618.

[0118] 设计优化系统2612包括分析器2620，其对输出2619进行处理以生成分数2622。 [0118] design optimizing system 2612 includes an analyzer 2620, which outputs are processed to generate fractional 2619 2622.如上，分析器2620可利用ー个或多个度量确定分数2622。 As above, analyzer 2620 may utilize one or more metrics ー determination score 2622.度量（metric) 2621适合于光学系统模型2617与数字系统模型2618。 Metric (metric) 2621 adapted to the optical system model 2617 and digital system model 2618.可由分析器2620对来自每个度量2621的结果进行加权并处理，以形成分数2622。 2620 pairs may be formed from each of the analyzer measurement results are weighted and processed 2621, 2622 to form the score.对每个度量2621的加权例如可由用户指定和/或用算法确定。 For example, specified by the user and / or determined by weighting algorithm for each metric 2621.

[0119] 优化器2623对分数2622进行处理并确定系统模型2616相对于目标2626的性能，目标2626也可由用户指定（例如，用户定义的目标2624，如目标极性SNR值）用于作为优化器2623的输入。 [0119] The optimizer 2623 pairs fraction determination system 2622 for processing and model 2616 with respect to the target performance 2626, 2626 can be user specified target (e.g., a user-defined target 2624, such as certain polar SNR value) is used as the optimizer enter 2623.如果系统模型2616未优化,则设计优化系统响应于优化器2623的输出2625以修改光学系统模型和/或响应于优化器2623的输出2638以修改数字系统模型2618。 If the system model 2616 is not optimized, design optimizing system responsive to the output of the optimizer 2623 to 2625 output to modify optical system model and / or in response to the optimizer 2623 to modify digital system model 2638 2618.如果系统模型2617或2618的任ー个被修改，则再次通过设计优化系统2612模拟系统模型2616，且由分析器2620对输出2619打分以生成新的分数2622。 If any system model 2617 or 2618 ー one is modified, design optimizing system 2612 again by the simulation system model 2616 and 2619 output by the analyzer 2620 pairs scored 2622 to generate a new score.优化器2623因此继续反复地修改系统模型2617和2618，直到达到设计目标2626。 Optimizer 2623 therefore continued to repeatedly modify the system model 2617 and 2618, until 2626 to meet the design goals.对于虹膜识别，一个目标例如优化感兴趣的ー组空间频率内的极性MTF值。 For recognition, for example, a target MTF value in the optimization polar ー set of spatial frequencies of interest.

[0120] 达到设计目标2626之后，设计优化系统2612则可输出由优化器2623修改的、基于系统模型2616的优化的系统设计2630。 [0120] After reaching the design goals 2626, design optimizing system 2612 may output modified by the optimizer 2623, 2630 Design Optimization System Model 2616-based system.如图所示，优化的系统设计2630包括优化的光学系统设计2632和优化的数字系统设计2634。 As shown in FIG system, optimized design 2630 including optimized optical system design 2632 and optimized digital system design 2634.优化的系统设计2630因此可包括指定满足目标2626的电光系统的设计对象的參数。 Optimized system design 2630 may thus include specifying parameters satisfy the design target object electrooptical system 2626.设计优化系统2612可输出预计的性能2640，该性能例如概括了优化的系统设计2630的能力。 Design optimizing system 2612 may output a predicted performance 2640, summarizes the properties such as the ability to optimize the system 2630 design.

[0121] 图27所示的流程图描述了示例性的优化方法2700，其使用极性SNR以优化基于任务的成像系统。 The flowchart shown in [0121] Figure 27 depicts an exemplary optimization method 2700, using a polar SNR to optimize a task-based imaging system.优化方法2700例如可作为图15的图像数据处理装置1530的一部分实现。 Optimization method 2700 may be implemented as part of, for example, the image data processing apparatus 1530 of FIG. 15.也就是说，图像数据处理装置1530可包括与图像数据捕获系统1520协同工作、用于实现优化方法2700的软件或固件。 That is, the image data processing apparatus 1530 may include a 1520 work with image data capture system 2700 for implementing the optimization method of software or firmware.优化方法2700从准备步骤2705开始，在该步骤中，实现系统初始化和其它任务。 27002705 optimization method starts preparation step, in this step, implemented system initialization and other tasks.由用户确定光学评价函数（meritfunCtiOn)2710的初始值，并将其作为修改的光学评价函数2715的初始值。 Determining an initial value of the optical evaluation function (meritfunCtiOn) 2710 by the user, and to modify the optical evaluation of a function of the initial value of 2715.在步骤2725，将光瞳函数參数2720的初始值和修改的光学评价函数2715的值一起输入光学设计软件包中用于优化，所述软件例如ZEM AX®、CODE V®或OSLO® (或者本领域已知的其它程序）。 In step 2725, the evaluation of the optical pupil function parameters 2720 and an initial value of the modified input function values ​​2715 together with the optical design software package for optimizing the software e.g. ZEM AX®, CODE V® or OSLO® (or other procedures known in the art).然后可通过光学设计软件修改光瞳函数參数，并提供修改的光瞳函数參数2730。 You can then modify the parameters through the pupil function of the optical design software, and providing the modified pupil function parameters 2730.

[0122] 在步骤2735和2745中，可考虑到场景中对象距离（dQ)的期望范围而计算成像系统的OTF和极性SNR。 [0122] In steps 2735 and 2745, may be calculated and a polar SNR OTF of the imaging system take into account the objects in the scene from the desired range (dQ) is.然后，在步骤2755，将计算出的极性SNR与目标极性SNR 2750相比较，对于许多应用来说，目标极性SNR 2750可以是非常简单的函数。 Then, at step 2755, the calculated SNR is compared with the polarity of the polarity of the target SNR 2750, for many applications, certain polar SNR 2750 can be very simple function.例如，目标极性SNR可为表示在成像系统的操作范围内所需的SNR的最小值的直线。 For example, the polarity of the target SNR may be a straight line represents the minimum SNR required in the operating range of the imaging system.接着，如果计算出的SNR与期望的目标极性SNR 2750足够接近（其中设计者确定怎样为足够接近）、或者如果计算出的SNR大于期望的SNR，那么，优化完成且该处理进入到步骤2760并结束。 Then, if the calculated SNR is desired target SNR polarity close enough to 2750 (where the designer to determine how close enough), or if the SNR calculated is greater than the desired SNR, then the optimization is complete and the processing proceeds to step 2760 and ends.否则，处理通过环路2765进行，以使设计者可创建新的光学评价函数2725，以使设计者可创建新的修改的光学评价函数2725以解决计算出的极性SNR中的不足（例如在给定方向増加成像系统的MTF的目标调制）。 Otherwise, the process loops through 2765, so that the designer can create a new optical evaluation function 2725, so that the designer can create a new optical evaluation function modified polar insufficient SNR calculated in 2725 to address (e.g. given to increase in the direction of the imaging system MTF target modulation).可反复进行优化直到达到设计目标。 Optimization can be repeated until the design goal.

[0123] 图28是示出了由成像系统观察到的原始图像、PSF和下采样图像的相对位置的一系列示意图2800。 [0123] FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an original image to the observation by the imaging system, the relative positions of the 2800 series of schematic sampled PSF and the next image.原始的高分辨率图像2810示为小方块的2D阵列。 The original high resolution image 2810 is shown as a 2D array of small squares.如果对图像2810临界采样，则可将其考虑为源场景的理想表示。 If the critical sampled image 2810, it can be considered to represent an ideal source scene.下采样的低分辨率图像（2820、2820'或2820")可表示小于源场景的临界数字化版本的图像。下采样低分辨率图像（2820、2820'或2820")示为封入了高分辨率图像的9个更小方块的2D方块阵列。 Downsampling the low resolution image (2820,2820 'or 2820') smaller than the source may represent a critical scene digitized version of the image sampled at low resolution image (2820,2820 'or 2820 ") shown enclosed high resolution 2D square array of nine smaller image blocks.PSF 2830示为具有径向辐条和同心环的黑色中心点。 PSF 2830 is shown as radial spokes having a center point and black concentric rings.PSF 2830可与图像2810内的具体像素相关联。 DETAILED associated with a pixel in the image may PSF 2830 2810.在此实施例中，当进行下采样时，两个图像的相对原点可移位到9个可能位置中的任意ー个（3X3到1X1下采样）。 In this embodiment, when downsampling performed, two images may be shifted relative to the origin of any of the nine possible positions ー a (3X3 to 1X1 downsampling).这种移位可改变PSF 2830到新的图像（2820、2820'或2820")的映射。这种移位还可使新的图像之间以及新的图像相对于旧的图像产生不同量的混叠。可计算出全部的混叠位置，并将其用于图26中的分析器2620作为优化方法的一部分，或者将其用于图25的模拟过程中的步骤2550。 This displacement may be changed to a new image PSF 2830 (2820,2820 'or 2820 ") mapping. This also allows displacement between the new image and the new image with respect to the old image generating different amounts of mixed stack. aliasing calculate all positions, and in FIG. 26 for an analyzer 2620 as part of the optimization method, the step of simulation of FIG. 25 or in it for 2550.

[0124] 图29是详细说明关于下采样中的变化原点的混叠效应的ー组标绘图2900。 [0124] FIG. 29 is a detailed description of the changes to the origin of the sample set of mixed ー stack effect plot 2900 standard.标绘图2902是条形码状的图案2910的2D模拟。 2D simulation plot 2902 is a barcode-like pattern 2910.图案2910在形成图案2910的矩形边界内的值为I。 Pattern 2910 is formed within the rectangular boundary of the pattern 2910 I.全部其它值为O。 All other values ​​are O.虚线2920是扫描线，其被采样以创建用于标绘图2904的数据。 A broken line is a scanning line 2920, which is sampled to create a data plot 2904.标绘图2904示出了与三个可变地移位的扫描线相关联的曲线。 Plot 2904 shows a curve displacing three variable associated scanning line.点线（曲线2930)表示零像素的移位。 The dotted line (curve 2930) represents a zero shift of the pixel.实线（曲线2940)表示一个像素的移位。 The solid line (curve 2940) represents one pixel shift.虚线（曲线2950)表示两个像素的移位。 Dotted line (curve 2950) represents a shift of two pixels.为了生成每个曲线（2930、2940和2950)，具有示例性的PDF的适当移位与图案2910的数据进行卷积操作，然后沿着扫描线2920对卷积的绕图像进行采样。 To properly shift the pattern data generated for each curve (2930,2940 and 2950), having an exemplary PDF 2910 performs convolution, and then around the image convolved samples along a scan line 2920.通过比较曲线2930、2940和2950，可以看到，图案2910内的形状得以修改。 By comparing the curves 2930,2940 and 2950 can be seen, the shape of the pattern 2910 is modified.

[0125] 图30示出了一组模拟的最终图像3000，其中并入了波前编码元件和相关处理的效应。 [0125] FIG. 30 shows a set of simulated final image 3000, which is incorporated the effects of a wavefront coding element and related processing.由一组优化的滤波器參数对最終图像进行处理，所述參数从这些图像的中间版本确定，例如使用优化2700得到。 A final image processed by the optimization of a set of filter parameters, determining the parameters from the intermediate versions of these images, for example, 2700 to give optimized.如图19和20分别所示，图30中的子图像中的间隔距离在2米到2. 5米之间变化。 As shown in FIG. 19 and 20, respectively, spaced from the sub-images in FIG. 30 between 2.00 m to 2.5 m changes.每个子图像的间隔距离都在该子图像的左上角示出。 Distance of each sub-image are shown in the upper left corner of the sub-image.然后由虹膜识别系统软件对捕获的WFC图像进行处理，提供滤波器质量的度量。 Then treated WFC images captured by the iris recognition system software, provides a measure of the quality of the filter.最初，在间隔距离范围内使用多个滤波器。 Initially, a plurality of filters within the distance range.然而，已经确定，可使用图24所示的滤波器满足全部成像要求。 However, it has been determined, may be used in the filter shown in FIG. 24 satisfy all imaging requirements.滤波器数量的这种減少相对于现有技术提供了显著的优势。 This reduction in the number of the filter with respect to the prior art offers significant advantages.

[0126] 然后由虹膜识别算法识别通过模拟获得的滤波图像。 [0126] and then filtered by the iris recognition algorithm to identify the image obtained by simulation.并生成每个虹膜图像的虹膜分数（例如修改的HD(汉明距离））。 And generating a score for each iris image of the iris (e.g., a modified HD (Hamming distance)).图31示出了对于不具有波前编码的模拟成像系统，得到的虹膜分数作为间隔距离的函数的标绘图3100。 FIG. 31 shows that for a standard having no wavefront coding the analog imaging system, the resulting iris scores as a function of the separation distance plot 3100.标绘图3100的横坐标为以米为单位的间隔距离，其纵坐标为汉明距离。 The abscissa of the plot 3100 meters distance in which the ordinate is the Hamming distance.在HD值O. 31附近的水平实线示出了肯定的识别所需的最小HD。 In the vicinity of the HD horizontal solid line shows a value of O. 31 HD minimum required affirmative identification.从大约2. 17到2. 36米的间隔距离的值限定了通过虹膜识别系统可正确识别对象的区域。 Distance from the value of about 2.17 to 2.36 m defines a region may correctly identify the object by the iris recognition system.为了对IHONS I. I系统进行评估，创建了不同的模板。 To IHONS I. I evaluate the system, create a different template.模板是对对象的虹膜的平均理想化。 Iris template is the average of the idealized object.

[0127] 图31示出了用于识别相同对象的两个模板的HD分数。 [0127] FIG. 31 illustrates a fractional HD for identifying the same subject two templates.菱形点示出了与模板A相关的数据。 Diamond points shows data related to template A.圆形点示出了与模板B相关的数据。 Circular dot shows data related to template B.两组数据都是在多次測量上的平均。 Two sets of data are averaged over several measurements on.模板B似乎提供稍微更好的结果，这是因为其虹膜识别基于稍微更好的图像（即，更大的可视虹膜区域）。 Template B seems to provide a slightly better result, because it is somewhat better iris recognition based on images (i.e., a larger viewing area of ​​the iris).不具有波前编码的模拟系统的识别范围大约为18cm。 Range of the analog identification system having no wavefront coding is about 18cm.

[0128] 图32示出了模拟IHONS I. I系统得到的虹膜分数的标绘图3200。 [0128] FIG. 32 shows a simulated iris fraction obtained IHONS I. I system plot 3200.标绘图3200的横坐标为以米为单位的间隔距离，其纵坐标为HD。 The abscissa of the plot 3200 in meters of the distance which the ordinate is HD.图中菱形点示出了与模板A相关的数据。 FIG diamond points shows data related to template A.圆形点示出了与模板B相关的数据。 Circular dot shows data related to template B.两组数据均为多次测量的平均。 Two sets of data are the average of multiple measurements.图32指示出当使用IHONS I. I时，使用单ー的滤波器就可实现感兴趣的整个范围上的虹膜识别。 FIG 32 indicates that when using the IHONS I. I, using a single filter ー iris recognition can be achieved over the entire range of interest.这种模拟结果在设计过程的最后用于验证所选的设计（包括但不限于滤波器和WFC元件）如期望地エ作。 The simulation results of the selected designs (including but not limited to filter elements and WFC) as desired in the design process for Ester for final verification.

[0129] 图33示出了用于验证IHONS I. I系统的实验设置3300。 [0129] FIG 33 shows the experimental set 3300 for verifying IHONS I. I system.在用于虹膜识别验证的原型基于任务的成像系统中，图像数据捕获装置包括透镜系统3320和照相机3330(例如CXD阵列），透镜系统3320则包括IHONS波前编码元件（例如图16所示）以及具有30mm入射光瞳直径和210mm有效焦距的广角透镜。 In the prototype for the iris recognition system verification task-based imaging, the image data capturing device comprises a camera lens system 3320 and 3330 (e.g. CXD array), the lens system 3320 includes a wavefront coding element IHONS (e.g. FIG. 16) and having an entrance pupil diameter of 30mm and 210mm effective focal length of the wide-angle lens.透镜系统3320和照相机3330安装在自动轨道系统3340上。 Lens system 3320 and camera 3330 is mounted on a track system 3340 automatically.对象3310将他的或她的头搁在距离轨道系统33402. 05米远的三角架上。 3310 will be the object of his or her head resting on a tripod 33402.05 meters from the rail system.照相机3330是分辨率为2048X2048的10比特CXD阵列。 The camera 3330 is a 10-bit resolution of 2048X2048 CXD array.透镜系统3320进ー步包括包含两个照明装配的照明设备，每个照明装配包括四个中心波长为840nm的LED，所述照明设备由Fresnel透镜校准以得到大约2mW/cm2的总辐照度。 The lens system 3320 into ー further comprising two illumination device comprises an illumination assembly, each lighting assembly comprising a center wavelength of 840nm four of the LED, the lighting apparatus calibrated by a Fresnel lens to give a total irradiance of about 2mW / cm2 of.透镜系统3320将来自对象3310的电磁能量波前在CCD阵列3330上成像为中间图像，同时还修改波前的相位（即，波前编码）。 3320 from the pre-lens system of electromagnetic wave energy on a target 3310 3330 CCD array forming an intermediate image, but also modify the phase of the wavefront (i.e., wavefront coding).这种相位修改的设计使得得到的包括波前编码的系统的SNR大于不具有波前编码的成像系统的SNR。 This modified design phase so that the SNR obtained comprising wavefront coding system does not have a SNR greater than a wavefront coding imaging system.使用安装在迷你轨道顶端的光学立柱使眼睛个别地关于成像系统的视场对准。 The optical mini column mounted on top of the track using the field of view of the eye individually aligned with respect to the imaging system.轨道系统3340包括计算机控制的同轴螺旋軌道，其用于改变间隔距离。 Track system 3340 includes a coaxial helical track computer control for changing the separation distance.轨道系统3340由控制器3350控制，控制器3350响应于计算机3360执行MATLAB®脚本，该脚本在2. 05米到2. 45米之间的26个等距位置捕获十个短序列的图像。 Track control system 3340 by the controller 3350, 3360 MATLAB® script execution responsive to computer controller 3350, a short sequence of ten images captured in the script 26 equidistant positions between 2.05 m to 2.45 m.

[0130] 继续參照图33，图像数据处理装置也由计算机3360控制。 [0130] With continued reference to FIG. 33, the image data processing apparatus 3360 is controlled by a computer.另ー个MATLAB®脚本使用结合图24所述的内核对图像进行解码。 Another ー a MATLAB® script decodes the image of the core 24 in conjunction with FIG.一种商业上可用的软件包使用Daugman的算法的变体实现虹膜识别任务（见JG Daugman的“The importance of being random ：statistical principles of iris recognition”, Part. Rec, 36, 279-291 (2003))。 A commercially available variant algorithms use Daugman iris recognition software package task (see JG Daugman of. "The importance of being random: statistical principles of iris recognition", Part Rec, 36, 279-291 (2003) ).将图像存储到数据库中，然后由另ー个MATLAB®脚本对其进行分析，该脚本对图像进行处理并基于预先记录的高分辨率模板对每个图像指定分数。 The image stored in the database, and then by another ー a MATLAB® script for analysis and processing of the script, and the image of the specified image based on the score of each high-resolution pre-recorded template.通过改变透镜（改变为不具有波前编码效应的透镜）和重新调焦，将实验设置3300从具有波前编码转变为不具有波前编码。 By varying lens (changing lens having no wavefront coding effect) and re-focusing, 3300 from the test set having a wavefront-coded into a coded wave front does not have.类似的设置捕获PSF，一个区别在于将对象替换为10 μ m的针孔。 Similar setting capture PSF, except that a pinhole replacement target of 10 μ m.该针孔由白光源照射，所述白光源被过滤以阻止其可见光谱而使近红外光通过。 The pinhole illuminated by a white light source, the white light source that is filtered to prevent the visible spectrum near infrared light.

[0131] 图34示出了根据本发明的、使用IHONS I. I成像系统得到的用于间隔距离范围(在每个子图像的左上角用米指示）的一系列实验测量的PSF。 [0131] FIG. 34 illustrates a series of experimental measurements of the PSF (in meters indicating the upper left corner of each sub-image) according to the distance range, using the IHONS I. I of the present invention is obtained by the imaging system.对光源強度和照相机的曝光时间进行调整以使PSF保持接近饱和，从而使用系统的最大动态范围。 Light intensity and exposure time of the camera is adjusted such that the PSF held close to saturation, thus the maximum dynamic range of the system.通过将在每个位置收集的15个PSF平均使噪声减小。 By collected at each location 15 so that the noise reduction average PSF.照相机使用10比特传感器，且通过将像素值小于18的全部像素的值减小为零，实现非线性的噪声去除。 10 bits using a sensor camera, and is reduced to zero by the value of the pixel values ​​of all pixels of less than 18, to achieve non-linear noise removal.在全部轨道范围内（2. 05m到2. 45m)的26个等距位置收集PSF。 26 equidistant positions within the range of all tracks (2. 05m to 2. 45m) collected PSF.这26个PSF位置概括在图34所示的9个等距PSF中。 This is summarized in positions 26 PSF PSF equidistant 9 shown in FIG. 34.（图34中的）这些实验PSF和（图19中的）模拟PSF之间的类似指示了设计的良好再现，尤其是考虑到噪声去除平均经常具有平滑PSF的不可期望的效果。 (FIG. 34) (in FIG. 19) These experiments indicate good PSF and the like between analog playback PSF design, especially considering the desired effect can not always have a smooth PSF average noise removal.

[0132] 系统性能在图35中进ー步说明，其中示出了对实验PSF傅立叶变换计算出的一系列标准化的实验MTF。 [0132] System performance step illustrated in FIG. 35 into ー, which shows a Fourier transform of the PSF experiment calculated MTF series of standardized experiments.可以注意到，图35的实验MTF与图20的模拟MTF类似，并且除了在间隔距离范围的远端（2. 45米）具有轻微的下降之外，在整个间隔距离范围内都維持了高的轴上调制。 It may be noted, similar experiment simulated MTF MTF of FIG. 35 and FIG. 20, and except at the distal end (2.45 m) having a spaced distance decreases slightly outside, over the entire distance range are maintained high modulation axis.

[0133] 在图36的极性MTF标绘图3600中，这种轴上调制的下降更加直观。 [0133] in a polar MTF plot 3600 of FIG. 36, the modulation axis such decline more intuitive.极性MTF标绘图3600示出了全部方向上随距离变化的调制仅在感兴趣的最大空间频率处的调制，其中考虑到了范围内对象放大率的变化。 Polar MTF plot 3600 shows the distance in all directions with changes modulation only interested in the maximum spatial modulation frequencies, taking into account the variation of the magnification in the range of the object.同样，在图36所示的图形标绘图和图21所示的模拟的极性MTF标绘图之间具有显著的类似之处。 Similarly, a significant similarities between the polarity of the analog MTF plot shown in FIG. 21 and graphic plot 36 shown in FIG.尽管标绘图2100和3600的细节不同，但是在图21和36中都具有强的轴上响应（O、土Ji /2和土Ji方向上）和离轴方向上的所需大小。 Although the plots 2100 and 3600 of different details, but have a strong response to axis 36 and in FIG. 21 (O, the Soil Soil direction Ji Ji / 2 and) and the desired size of the off-axis direction.

[0134] 最后，图37不出了在感兴趣的最闻空间频率、全部方向上的平均对比度的图形标绘图3700。 [0134] Finally, FIG. 37 not heard most spatial frequency of interest, the average contrast in all directions graphical plot 3700.该标绘图对假定全部方向上的虹膜对象分析同等重要的虹膜识别情况具有特别的兴趣。 The plot is of particular interest in the iris recognition object on the assumption that the iris analysis in all directions equally important.图37的标绘图清楚示出了远端区域对比度的不期望的下降。 FIG plot 37 clearly shows the distal region of an undesirable decrease in contrast.幸运地，这种下降发生的范围已超出了目标范围，并可通过将最佳焦距移动到更远而使这种下降部分地偏移(尽管这样会对近端范围带来损害）。 Fortunately, the range of this drop occurs beyond the target range, and further the falling portion of this offset (although this will bring the proximal end of range damage) to the best focus by moving.图37的标绘图还指示出，可通过配置WFC元件以使两个峰值移动到相距更远，从而增加总的范围（尽管以减小2. 17m处的局部最小值为代价），来改进未来的设计。 FIG 37 is a plot further indicates that, WFC element can be configured so that the two peaks to move farther apart, thereby increasing the total range (although local minimum in order to reduce the cost of 2. 17m) to improve future the design of.除了图37中的对比度峰值之间的距离更窄之外（在模拟的和实验的标绘图之间的比例尺具有小的变化），图37与图22的模拟标绘图之间的比较也显示了值得注意的类似。 In addition to a narrower distance between the peaks in FIG contrast than 37 (scale between analog and experimental plot has a small variation), between the simulation plot of FIG. 37 and FIG. 22 also shows a comparison of Similarly noteworthy.

[0135] 在虹膜识别中使用波前编码的效果可概括为使得能对用于更大范围识别的HD进行折衷。 [0135] The use of wavefront coding in iris recognition results can be summarized as a compromise to enable larger HD for identification.作为WFC提供的散焦的函数的调制（对比度）的更宽分布可解释这种折衷。 Modulation function defocus provided as WFC (contrast) is wider distribution explain this compromise.为了精确估计这种折衷，使影响HD的全部其它參数保持恒定是重要的。 To accurately estimate this compromise, so that all other parameters remain constant HD influence is important.这些參数包括但不限于：1)照明度；2)眼睑的位置；3)光路上眼镜、隐形眼镜或其它物体的存在；以及4)对象的运动。 These parameters include but are not limited to: 1) illumination; position 2) eyelids; 3) the presence of the optical path of glasses, contact lenses or other objects; and 4 moving) objects.

[0136] 可为光学成像条件执行这种估计，其中在所述光学成像条件中，在图像捕获的过程中，对象处于静止并且眼睛睁开直接看着照相机。 [0136] This estimation may be performed for the optical imaging conditions, wherein the optical imaging conditions, the process of the captured image, the object is stationary and the eyes are open directly at the camera.使用高強度的、受到眼睛安全级别限制的活动的近红外照明。 The use of high strength, by the activity level of eye safety limit of the near-infrared illumination.这些參数的任何变化都将转化为测量的SNR的下降，或者更可能地转化为虹膜识别软件不能正确地从得到的图像中分割出虹膜部分。 Any changes in these parameters are transformed into measured SNR degradation, or more likely to be converted to an iris recognition software can not be correctly divided section from an iris image obtained.在低SNR情况下（例如，接近间隔距离范围的边缘），对实验參数的分割的灵敏度尤其高。 In the case of low SNR (e.g., near the edge spacing distance range), the division of experimental parameters, especially high sensitivity.[0137] 应该注意到，大多数虹膜识别算法喜欢用虹膜图像中的大约200个像素进行操作。 [0137] It should be noted that, like most of the iris recognition algorithm operates iris image is about 200 pixels.给定实际的成像条件下的成像參数，则虹膜中的像素数量在最远范围处可减小到小于150个，如图17所示。 To the imaging parameters under given conditions of actual imaging, the number of pixels in the iris at the furthest range may be reduced to less than 150, shown in Figure 17.为了补偿这种效果，在实验中用I. 18的内插因子对全部图像线性地内插。 To compensate for this effect, I. interpolation factor of 18 over the entire image is linearly interpolated using in experiments.由于在实际的虹膜识别系统中不可能具有到对象的虹膜的精确距离，因此全部图像同等地内插，也就是，信号处理应该与范围无关。 Since the actual iris recognition system may not have the precise distance to an object of the iris, so all the images interpolated equally, i.e., signal processing should be independent of range.内插因子由经验确定，其可为进ー步优化的对象。 The interpolation factor determined by the experience, which may be further optimized into ー object.然而，应该注意到，与不具有内插的系统相比，具有内插的系统始终显示出更高的性能。 However, it should be noted that compared to having no interpolation system, with interpolation system always shows higher performance.

[0138] 图38示出了对于不具有波前编码的成像系统，汉明距离作为到虹膜的距离（从虹膜到成像系统的第一玻璃表面的測量距离）的函数的标绘图。 [0138] FIG. 38 illustrates the imaging system has no wavefront coding, Hamming distance plot as the distance to the iris (iris to first measure the distance from the glass surface of the imaging system) function.图38中，具有尖锐过渡区域的窄凹部的存在是值得注意的，其中，窄凹部对应于散焦引起识别算法使用的空间频率处的调制（对比度）下降的区域。 In FIG 38, there are narrow recesses having a sharp transition region is noteworthy, wherein the narrow portion corresponding to the recess due to defocusing at the modulation frequency space recognition algorithm (contrast) of the region decrease.接近于最佳焦距的平坦区域（2. 2到2. 3米）对应于散焦引起高于该算法使用的全部空间频率的空间频率处的降低的区域。 Close to the optimal focal distance of the flat area (2.2 to 2.3 meters) due to defocusing corresponding to a spatial frequency higher than the reduced area at all spatial frequencies used by the algorithm.在每个对象位置，对每个眼睛捕获十个图像，对这些图像进行处理，并将其与虹膜编码进行比较。 In the position of each object, for each eye captured ten images, these images are processed, and compared with the iris codes.对应于所述虹膜编码，眼睛向我们提供标绘图3800所示的用于每个眼睛的平均HD。 Corresponding to the iris code, we provide an average eye to eye HD for each plot 3800 shown in FIG.由实线连接的圆圈指定右眼，由点线连接的方块指定左眼。 The circles connected by a solid line designated right eye, left eye specified by the dotted line connecting block.根据图38的标绘图，可推导出，不具有波前编码的成像系统在O. 2的最大HD处（HD = O. 2处的点划线)产生14. 9cm的识别范围。 The plot of Figure 38, can be deduced, with no wavefront coding imaging system HD in the maximum at O. 2 (dot-dash line at HD = O. 2) generating an identification range of 14. 9cm.通过与图31所示的模拟的汉明距离标绘图进行比较，图38的标绘图还能验证模拟的图像的精确性。 By comparing the Hamming distance simulated plot shown in FIG. 31, FIG. 38 is a plot can verify the accuracy of the analog image.

[0139] 图39示出了对于包括波前编码的成像系统，作为虹膜距离的函数的HD的图形标绘图3900。 [0139] FIG. 39 shows that for comprising a wavefront coding imaging system, as a function of the distance of the iris pattern of the plot 3900 HD.图39包括作为间隔距离范围的函数的汉明距离的标绘图，所述间隔距离范围用于使用IHONS I. I成像系统实验地估计的虹膜识别系统，其中示出了识别范围加倍到大约40cm。 FIG 39 includes a function of the separation distance range plot Hamming distance, the distance range for iris recognition system using IHONS I. I experimentally estimated imaging system, wherein the recognizable range is shown doubled to about 40cm.由实线连接的圆圈指定右眼，用点线连接的方块指定左眼。 The circles connected by a solid line designated right, left designated with a dotted line connecting block.在这种情况下，示出了浅且宽的凹部（从2. 05到2. 45米的间隔距离），从而有效地表明了用于扩展景深的最低HD的折衷。 In this case, shows a shallow and wide recess (distance from 2.05 to 2.45 m), thereby effectively show the tradeoff for extended depth of field of the lowest HD.如果用SNR描述，这种折衷则可更好地理解。 If the description with SNR, this compromise can be better understood.如果超过的SNR足够高，则可将其减小以扩展景深而不对HD产生任何明显的效果。 If it exceeds the SNR is high enough, it can be reduced to extend the depth of field without any significant effect on the HD.另ー方面，如果SNR刚好超过用于校正虹膜识别的最佳值，如同在设计为不具有WFC的系统中通常所具有的一祥，那么，景深的任何扩展都将转化为最小HD的下降。ー another aspect, if the SNR is just above the optimum value for correcting iris recognition, as in the design of the system without WFC typically has a Cheung, then any extended depth of field will fall into the smallest HD.可以注意到，包括WFC的成像系统在O. 2的最大HD处（HD = It may be noted, in the imaging system including WFC O. 2 at a maximum HD (HD =

O. 2的点划线）提供了几乎40cm的识别范围。 O. 2-dot chain line) provides a recognition range of almost 40cm.此外，与不具有波前编码的成像系统相比，在包括波前编码的成像系统中，给定位置的汉明距离的方差显著增加。 Further, as compared with the imaging system having no wavefront coding in the imaging system comprises a wavefront coding, the variance of a given location Hamming distance significantly increased.最后，通过与图32所示的标绘图比较，图39的标绘图允许验证模拟图像的精确性，从而提供使用模拟图像分析未来的WFC设计的可信度 Finally, by comparing the plot shown in FIG. 32, FIG. 39 is a plot allows to verify the accuracy of an analog image, providing an image analysis using an analog design WFC future credibility

[0140] 如上所述，WFC可对用于当前任务的扩展范围的HD(或SNR)有效地折衷。 [0140] As described above, WFC can effectively tradeoff HD (or SNR) for the current task of the extended range.当系统具有过度的SNR时，这种折衷尤其具有吸引力，从而允许例如増加虹膜识别范围而并不显著増加HD。 When a system has the SNR excessive, this compromise is particularly attractive, for example, allowing the range of increase in the iris recognition is not significant to increase in HD.在适当情况下，包括WFC的成像系统中的识别范围可大于不具有波前编码的成像系统的两倍，而其主要局限性在于，对于由WFC捕获的图像，虹膜识别算法偶尔不能正确地分割出虹膜图像。 In appropriate cases, the imaging system including WFC identification range having no greater than twice the wavefront coding imaging system, and its main limitation is that the image captured by the WFC, iris recognition algorithm occasionally can not be divided accurately an iris image.这ー缺陷可例如由对光瞳中出现的镜面反射的形状的算法假设而引起。 This algorithm assumes ー defects may e.g. reflected from a mirror shape of the pupil occurred caused.这些反射假设在用包括WFC的成像系统捕获时具有不同形状，而对于最佳性能应该考虑到这些形状。 These reflectors having various shapes assumed during the imaging system including WFC trapping, and should be considered for optimal performance of these shapes.此外，当在散焦上維持几乎不变的PDF时（其为可分离设计的特性），相位元素的弱不可分离形式产生稍微更大的调制离轴（其为不可分离设计的特性）。 Further, when the PDF is maintained nearly constant in the defocus (which is characteristic of a separable design), a weak non-phase separating element in the form of a slightly larger modulation produced off-axis (which is designed for non-separation characteristic).这种折衷得到比使用完全可分离设计得到解决方案更有利的方案，并在全部设计范围上采用単一的滤波器满足了全部设计目标。 This tradeoff is more favorable than obtained using the obtained solution programs designed entirely separable, radiolabeling and using a filter designed to meet all of the design over the entire range.

[0141 ] 尽管上述每个实施方式结合具有各自特定方向的不同组件进行了说明，但是应该理解，本发明所述的系统可采用具有位于各种位置和相互方向的各种组件的各种具体配置，并仍然保持在本发明的精神和范围之内。 [0141] Although each of the above embodiments incorporated with respective different components in a particular direction has been described, it is to be understood that the system of the present invention may have a variety of specific configurations located at various positions and mutual orientation of the various components , and still remain within the spirit and scope of the present invention.可在本文所述的基于任务的成像系统中进行上述和其它变化，而不偏离本文的范围。 And other changes may be made in the above-mentioned task-based imaging system described herein, without departing from the scope of this paper.因此，应该理解，以上说明中包含的或者附图中示出的内容应该解释为示例性的，而不作为限制。 Therefore, it should be understood that the above description is included or shown in the accompanying drawings content should be interpreted as illustrative, and not by way of limitation.以下权利要求趋向于覆盖本文所述的全部一般的和具体的性质、以及本文提出的方法和系统的范围的全部论述，本文的全部性质和论述在语言上都可落入权利要求的保护范围中。 All the nature and scope of the following claims trends discussed herein to cover all of the generic and specific properties, and the scope of the proposed method and system are all discussed herein may fall within the language of the claims .此外，可使用适当的等价物替代或补充各种组件，这些替代的或补充的组件的功能和使用保持为本领域技术人员所熟悉的，并因此认为其落入本发明的保护范围。 Furthermore, suitable equivalents may be replaced or supplemented by the various components, these alternative or in addition to the functions and use of components known to those skilled in holding familiar, and therefore considered to fall within the scope of the present invention.例如，尽管上述每个实施方式主要对于弱可分离相位函数的情况而讨论，但是提供其它相位函数的WFC元件也可用于基于任务的成像系统中，并且，相对于当前可用的不具有WFC的基于任务的成像系统，其仍然能提供改进。 For example, although each embodiment described above mainly for the case of weak discussed with separable phase function, but provides other phase function WFC element may also be used in the imaging system based on the task, and, with respect to currently available have not based on the WFC task imaging system, it is still able to provide improved.[0142] 因此，提供的实施例应认为是示例性而非限制性的，并且本公开不限于本文提供的细节，而是可在权利要求的范围内修改。 [0142] Accordingly, embodiments provide be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the present disclosure is not limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope of the claims.

Claims (15)

Translated from Chinese

1.用于生成由基于任务的成像系统的检测器捕获的场景的输出图像的方法，所述检测器包括多个像素，所述场景包括位于对象距离范围内的给定对象距离处的至少ー个对象，所述对象距离被定义为所述对象和所述基于任务的成像系统之间的距离，所述方法包括： 在空间频率范围内捕获所述场景的高分辨率图像； 将所述高分辨率图像转化为所述场景的图像谱； 确定所述基于任务的成像系统在所述对象距离范围内上散焦的光学传递函数； 确定在所述检测器的所述多个像素上的像素调制传递函数； 将所述图像谱与所述光学传递函数和所述调制传递函数相乘，以生成所述场景的修改的图像谱； 将所述修改的图像谱转化为所述场景的修改的图像；以及根据所述修改的图像生成所述输出图像。 1. A method based on an output image generated by the imaging system tasks captured scene detector, said detector comprises a plurality of pixels, the scene comprising an object within the object located in a given distance range at a distance of at least ーobjects, the subject distance is defined as the distance between the object and the task-based imaging system, the method comprising: capturing a high resolution image of the scene in the spatial frequency range; the high resolution image into an image spectrum of the scene; determining the task-based imaging system of defocusing on the optical transfer function of the distance of the object; determining a plurality of pixels in the pixels of the detector modulation transfer function; and the spectral image and of the optical transfer function multiplied by the modulation transfer function, to generate the modified image spectrum of the scene; the modified image spectrum of the scene into a modified image; and based on the modified image to generate the output image.

2.如权利要求I所述的方法，其中所述生成步骤包括根据所述修改的图像形成调整大小的图像，以及根据所述调整大小的图像形成所述输出图像。 2. The method of claim I, wherein said generating step comprises forming an image in accordance with the resizing of the modified image and the output image according to the image forming resized.

3.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中形成所述调整大小的图像包括根据所述给定对象距离，将所述修改的图像下采样到最終分辨率。 The method according to claim 2, wherein the image is formed according to the size adjustment includes the given object distance, the final resolution of the sampling in said modified image.

4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述下采样包括不进行低通滤波而对所述修改的图像调整大小。 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the downsampling is not performed comprising low pass filtering and the size of the modified image adjustment.

5.如权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述下采样包括： 对于给定的下采样原点和下采样周期，处理所述修改的图像；以及通过在所述下采样周期内改变所述下采样原点，生成所述调整大小的图像的多重混置版本。 5. The method according to claim 3, wherein said lower sampling comprises: for a given down-sampling origin and a sampling cycle, processing the modified image; and wherein the sampling period is changed by the lower sampling origin, generating the mixed resizing multiple versions of the image set.

6.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述检测器具有散粒噪声和读噪声特性，且形成所述输出图像包括将所述散粒噪声和读噪声特性中的至少之ー添加到所述调整大小的图像中。 6. The method according to claim 2, wherein said detector has a shot noise and read noise characteristics, and forming the output image comprises the shot noise and read noise characteristics of at least ー added to the resizing said image.

7.如权利要求2所述的方法，其中所述调整大小的图像包括至少ー个边界线，所述方法进ー步包括通过复制所述边界线填充所述调整大小的图像，以生成具有期望图像大小的填充图像。 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the image resizing ー comprises at least one boundary line, said method further comprising ー having a desired filling by copying the boundary line of the resized image to generate filling image size.

8.如权利要求I所述的方法，进ー步包括用滤波器内核过滤所述输出图像，以生成滤波的图像。 8. The method of claim I to generate a filtered image as claimed in claim, further comprising a filter feed ー kernel filtering the output image.

9.如权利要求I所述的方法，进ー步包括： 从所述输出图像计算所述场景上的信噪比； 修改所述成像系统的所述散焦的光学传递函数，以使所述输出图像中的信噪比大于从不修改所述散焦的光学參数的输出图像计算的信噪比。 9. The method of claim I, further comprising feed ー: SNR calculated from the output image of the scene; the modification of the imaging system defocused optical transfer function, so that the the output image is never greater than the SNR modifying the optical parameters defocus noise ratio of the output image is calculated.

10.如权利要求9所述的方法，进ー步包括： 在所述场景的方向范围上对所述信噪比进行平均，以生成平均信噪比；以及改变所述散焦的光学传递函数，以使所述输出图像中的所述平均信噪比大于从不改变所述散焦的光学參数的所述输出图像计算的信噪比。 10. The method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising feed ー: in the direction of the range of the scene of the SNR averaged to generate the average SNR; and changing the defocus optical transfer function , so that the output image is the average SNR is greater than the SNR of the output image never changes the optical parameters calculated defocus.

11.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中平均所述信噪比包括计算所述场景上的加权平均信噪比。 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the average comprises a weighted average signal to noise ratio SNR is calculated on the scene.

12.如权利要求11所述的方法，其中计算所述加权平均信噪比包括：根据选自信号强度的減少和不相干成像系统调制的減少的至少之一，作为所述给定对象距离的函数改变所述信噪比的加权因子。 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said calculating a weighted average signal to noise ratio comprises: the given subject distance selected in accordance with the signal intensity is reduced and irrelevant image system of at least one reduction, as a function changes the weighting factor of the signal to noise ratio.

13.如权利要求11所述的方法，进ー步包括：将所述基于任务的成像系统的焦点设置在一定的位置，在对应于该位置的位置处计算出的、所述对象距离范围内的最小和最大对象距离的信噪比相等。 13. The method according to claim 11, further comprising feed ー: the focal point of the task-based imaging system is provided at a certain position, the range of the subject distance calculated at a position corresponding to the position minimum and maximum signal to noise ratio is equal to the object distance.

14.如权利要求10所述的方法，其中所述改变操作包括修改所述基于任务的成像系统以实现以下形式的光瞳相位函数： 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein said modifying comprises changing operation of the task-based imaging system to achieve a form of the phase function of the pupil:

其中，Φ是在每个标准空间坐标X和y处的相位函数，其中通过除以所述基于任务的成像系统的入射光瞳的半径r，将整个空间域标准化到O到I之间的范围，a (i，j)是用于指数i和j的光瞳函数系数，且 Wherein, [Phi] is the standard for each spatial coordinates X and y at the phase function, wherein based on the radius r by dividing the entrance pupil of the imaging system tasks, the normalized spatial domain to the entire range between I O , a (i, j) are pupil function coefficients for indices i and j, and

其中，当指数i和j中的至少之一等于O时，系数a (i，j)中的至少之一具有至少为I的值。 Wherein, when the indices i and j is equal to at least one of O, at least one of coefficients A (i, j) has a value of at least I.

15.如权利要求I所述的方法，进ー步包括对所述输出图像进行后处理，用于执行选自以下各项中至少之ー的任务：生物虹膜识别、生物面部识别、用于访问控制的生物识别、用于威胁鉴别的生物识别、条形码阅读、装配线中用于质量控制的成像、光学字符识别、生物成像和用于对象检测的汽车成像。 15. The method of claim I, further comprising ー into the output image after processing for executing the selected at least the following tasks ー: biological recognition, face recognition organisms, for accessing control biometrics, biometric authentication for threats, barcode reading, imaging for quality control in an assembly line, and optical character recognition, biological imaging and automotive imaging for object detection.