The cowoniaw Generaw Assembwy of Marywand created de Port of Bawtimore at owd Whetstone Point (now Locust Point) in 1706 for de tobacco trade. The Town of Bawtimore, on de west side of de Jones Fawws, was founded and waid out on Juwy 30, 1729; wif Jonestown and Fewws Point preexisting to de east. The dree settwements, covering 60 acres, became a commerciaw hub and in 1768 became de county seat.[36]

Bawtimore Town in 1752, (at "The Basin")

Bawtimore grew swiftwy in de 18f century as a granary for sugar-producing cowonies in de Caribbean. The profit from sugar encouraged de cuwtivation of cane and de importation of food.[37] Bawtimore estabwished its pubwic market system in 1763.[38]Lexington Market, founded in 1782, continues to be known as one of de owdest continuouswy operating pubwic markets in de United States today.[39] Lexington Market was awso known to be a pwace for swave trading, which occurred aww over de downtown area and was advertised in de Bawtimore Sun.[40] Bawtimore had de first Post Office System in de United States (inaugurated in 1774)[41] and de first water company chartered in de United States (Bawtimore Water Company, 1792).[42][43]

Bombardment of Fort McHenry by de British. Engraved by John Bower [47]

The Battwe of Bawtimore against de British in 1814 inspired de composition of de USA's nationaw andem, "The Star-Spangwed Banner," and de construction of de Battwe Monument which became de city's officiaw embwem. A distinctive wocaw cuwture started to take shape, and a uniqwe skywine peppered wif churches and monuments devewoped. Bawtimore acqwired its moniker "The Monumentaw City" after an 1827 visit to Bawtimore by President John Quincy Adams. At an evening function Adams gave de fowwowing toast: "Bawtimore: de Monumentaw City—May de days of her safety be as prosperous and happy, as de days of her dangers have been trying and triumphant."[48][49]

Bawtimore pioneered de use of gas wighting in 1816 and its popuwation grew rapidwy in de fowwowing decades, wif concomitant devewopment of cuwture and infrastructure. The construction of de federawwy funded Nationaw Road (which water became part of U.S. Route 40) and de private Bawtimore and Ohio Raiwroad (B. & O.) made Bawtimore a major shipping and manufacturing center by winking de city wif major markets in de Midwest. By 1820 its popuwation had reached 60,000, and its economy had shifted from its base in tobacco pwantations to sawmiwwing, shipbuiwding, and textiwe production, uh-hah-hah-hah. These industries benefited from war but successfuwwy shifted into infrastructure devewopment during peacetime.[50]

On February 7, 1904, de Great Bawtimore Fire destroyed over 1,500 buiwdings in 30 hours, weaving more dan 70 bwocks of de downtown area burned to de ground. Damages were estimated at $150 miwwion—in 1904 dowwars.[56] As de city rebuiwt during de next two years, wessons wearned from de fire wed to improvements in firefighting eqwipment standards.[57]

The city grew in area by annexing new suburbs from de surrounding counties drough 1918, when de city acqwired portions of Bawtimore County and Anne Arundew County.[58] A state constitutionaw amendment, approved in 1948, reqwired a speciaw vote of de citizens in any proposed annexation area, effectivewy preventing any future expansion of de city's boundaries.[59]Streetcars enabwed de devewopment of distant neighborhoods areas such as Edmonson Viwwage whose residents couwd easiwy commute to work downtown, uh-hah-hah-hah.[60]

Driven by migration from de deep Souf and by white suburbanization, de rewative size of de city's bwack popuwation grew from 23.8% in 1950 to 46.4% in 1970.[61] Encouraged by reaw estate bwockbusting techniqwes, recentwy settwed white areas rapidwy became aww-bwack neighborhoods, in a rapid process which was nearwy totaw by 1970.[62]

On September 19, 2016 de Bawtimore City Counciw approved a $660 miwwion bond deaw for de $5.5 biwwion Port Covington redevewopment project championed by Under Armour founder Kevin Pwank and his reaw estate company Sagamore Devewopment. Port Covington surpassed de Harbor Point devewopment as de wargest tax-increment financing deaw in Bawtimore's history and among de wargest urban redevewopment projects in de country.[80] The waterfront devewopment dat incwudes de new headqwarters for Under Armour, as weww as shops, housing, offices, and manufacturing spaces is projected to create 26,500 permanent jobs wif a $4.3 biwwion annuaw economic impact.[81]Gowdman Sachs invested $233 miwwion into de redevewopment project.[82]

The city is rich in architecturawwy significant buiwdings in a variety of stywes. The Bawtimore Basiwica (1806–1821) is a neocwassicaw design by Benjamin Latrobe, and awso de owdest Cadowic cadedraw in de United States. In 1813 Robert Cary Long, Sr., buiwt for Rembrandt Peawe de first substantiaw structure in de United States designed expresswy as a museum. Restored, it is now de Municipaw Museum of Bawtimore, or popuwarwy de Peawe Museum.

The McKim Free Schoow was founded and endowed by John McKim, awdough de buiwding was erected by his son Isaac in 1822 after a design by Wiwwiam Howard and Wiwwiam Smaww. It refwects de popuwar interest in Greece when de nation was securing its independence, as weww as a schowarwy interest in recentwy pubwished drawings of Adenian antiqwities.

The Phoenix Shot Tower (1828), at 234.25 feet (71.40 m) taww, was de tawwest buiwding in de United States untiw de time of de Civiw War, and is one of few remaining structures of its kind.[83] It was constructed widout de use of exterior scaffowding. The Sun Iron Buiwding, designed by R.C. Hatfiewd in 1851, was de city's first iron-front buiwding and was a modew for a whowe generation of downtown buiwdings. Brown Memoriaw Presbyterian Church, buiwt in 1870 in memory of financier George Brown, has stained gwass windows by Louis Comfort Tiffany and has been cawwed "one of de most significant buiwdings in dis city, a treasure of art and architecture" by Bawtimore Magazine.[84][85]

The streets of Bawtimore are organized in a grid pattern, wined wif tens of dousands of brick and formstone-faced rowhouses. In The Bawtimore Rowhouse, Mary Ewwen Hayward and Charwes Bewfoure considered de rowhouse as de architecturaw form defining Bawtimore as "perhaps no oder American city."[86] In de mid-1790s, devewopers began buiwding entire neighborhoods of de British-stywe rowhouses, which became de dominant house type of de city earwy in de 19f century.[87]

Formstone facings, now a common feature on Bawtimore rowhouses, were an addition patented in 1937 by Awbert Knight. John Waters characterized formstone as "de powyester of brick" in a 30-minute documentary fiwm, Littwe Castwes: A Formstone Phenomenon.[88]

Oriowe Park at Camden Yards is considered by many to be de most beautifuw basebaww park in Major League Basebaww, and has inspired many oder cities to buiwd deir own versions of dis retro stywe bawwpark. Camden Yards awong wif de Nationaw Aqwarium have hewped revive de Inner Harbor from what once was an industriaw district fuww of diwapidated warehouses into a bustwing commerciaw district fuww of bars, restaurants and retaiw estabwishments. Today, de Inner Harbor boasts de highest, most desirabwe reaw estate in de Mid-Atwantic.[89]

After an internationaw competition, de University of Bawtimore Schoow of Law awarded de German firm Behnisch Architekten 1st prize for its design, which was sewected for de schoow's new home. After de buiwding's opening in 2013, de design won additionaw honors incwuding an ENR Nationaw "Best of de Best" Award.[90]

Souf Bawtimore, a mixed industriaw and residentiaw area, consists of de "Owd Souf Bawtimore" peninsuwa bewow de Inner Harbor and east of de owd B&O Raiwroad's Camden wine tracks and Russeww Street downtown, uh-hah-hah-hah. It is a cuwturawwy, ednicawwy, and socioeconomicawwy diverse waterfront area wif neighborhoods such as Locust Point and Riverside around a warge park of de same name.[108] Just souf of de Inner Harbor, de historic Federaw Hiww neighborhood, is home to many working professionaws, pubs and restaurants. At de end of de peninsuwa is historic Fort McHenry, a Nationaw Park since de end of Worwd War I, when de owd U.S. Army Hospitaw surrounding de 1798 star-shaped battwements was torn down, uh-hah-hah-hah.[109]

Under de Köppen cwassification, Bawtimore wies widin de humid subtropicaw cwimate zone (Cfa), wif four distinct seasons, and is part of USDA pwant hardiness zones 7b and 8a.[123] The 8a is found on Inner Harbor. Winters are chiwwy but variabwe, wif sporadic snowfaww: January has a daiwy average of 35.8 °F (2.1 °C),[124] dough temperatures reach 50 °F (10 °C) rader often and drop bewow 20 °F (−7 °C) when Arctic air masses affect de area.[124]

The average seasonaw snowfaww is 20.1 inches (51 cm),[125] but it varies greatwy depending on de winter, wif some seasons seeing minimaw snow whiwe oders see severaw major Nor'easters. [a] Due to wessened urban heat iswand (UHI) as compared to de city proper and distance from de moderating Chesapeake Bay, de outwying and inwand parts of de Bawtimore metro area are usuawwy coower, especiawwy at night, dan de city proper and de coastaw towns. Thus, in de nordern and western suburbs, winter snowfaww is more significant, and some areas average more dan 30 in (76 cm) of snow per winter.[127] It is by no means uncommon for de rain-snow wine to set up in de metro area.[128]Freezing rain and sweet occurs a few times each winter in de area, as warm air overrides cowd air at de wow to mid-wevews of de atmosphere. When de wind bwows from de east, de cowd air gets dammed against de mountains to de west and de resuwt is freezing rain or sweet.

Spring and autumn are warm, wif spring being de wettest season in terms of de number of precipitation days. Summers are hot and humid wif a daiwy average in Juwy of 80.7 °F (27.1 °C),[124] and de combination of heat and humidity weads to rader freqwent dunderstorms. A soudeasterwy bay breeze off de Chesapeake often occurs on summer afternoons when hot air rises over inwand areas; prevaiwing winds from de soudwest interacting wif dis breeze as weww as de city proper's UHI can seriouswy exacerbate air qwawity.[129][130] In wate summer and earwy autumn de track of hurricanes or deir remnants may cause fwooding in downtown Bawtimore, despite de city being far removed from de typicaw coastaw storm surge areas.[131]

Extreme temperatures range from −7 °F (−22 °C) on February 9, 1934, and February 10, 1899,[b] up to 108 °F (42 °C) on Juwy 22, 2011.[132][133] On average, 100 °F (38 °C)+ temperatures occur on 0.9 days annuawwy, 90 °F (32 °C)+ on 37 days, and dere are 10 days where de high faiws to reach de freezing mark.[124]

According to de 2010 Census[update], dere were 620,961 peopwe wiving in Bawtimore City in 242,268 househowds. The popuwation decreased by 4.6% since de 2000 Census. Among schoow-age chiwdren between 5–17 years owd, dere was a 23% decwine.[143] Bawtimore's popuwation has decwined at each census since its peak in 1950.[105]

In 2011, den-Mayor Stephanie Rawwings-Bwake said her main goaw was to increase de city's popuwation by improving city services to reduce de number of peopwe weaving de city and by passing wegiswation protecting immigrants' rights to stimuwate growf.[143] For de first time in decades, in Juwy 2012, de U.S. Census Bureau's census estimate showed de popuwation grew by 1,100 residents, a 0.2% increase from de previous year.[144]

Gentrification has awso increased since de 2000 census, primariwy in East Bawtimore, downtown, and Centraw Bawtimore.[145] Downtown Bawtimore and its surrounding neighborhoods are seeing a resurgence of young professionaws and immigrants, mirroring major cities across de country.[144]

After New York City, Bawtimore was de second city in de United States to reach a popuwation of 100,000.[146][147] From de 1830 drough 1850 U.S. censuses, Bawtimore was de second most-popuwous city,[147][148] before being surpassed by Phiwadewphia in 1860.[149] It was among de top 10 cities in popuwation in de United States in every census up to de 1980 census,[150] and after Worwd War II had a popuwation of nearwy a miwwion, uh-hah-hah-hah.

According to de 2010 Census[update], Bawtimore's popuwation is 63.7% Bwack, 29.6% White, 2.3% Asian, and 0.4%, American Indian and Awaska Native. Across races, 4.2% of de popuwation are of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin.[142] Femawes made up 53.4% of de popuwation, uh-hah-hah-hah. The median age was 35 years owd, wif 22.4% under 18 years owd, 65.8% from 18 to 64 years owd, and 11.8% 65 or owder.[142]

In 2009, de median househowd income was $42,241 and de median income per capita was $25,707, compared to de nationaw median income of $53,889 per househowd and $28,930 per capita. In Bawtimore, 23.7% of de popuwation wived bewow de poverty wine, compared to 13.5% nationwide.[142]

Housing in Bawtimore is rewativewy inexpensive for warge, coastaw cities of its size. The median sawe price for homes in Bawtimore in 2012 was $95,000.[154] Despite de housing cowwapse, and awong wif de nationaw trends, Bawtimore residents stiww face swowwy increasing rent (up 3% in de summer of 2010).[155]

The homewess popuwation in Bawtimore is steadiwy increasing; it exceeded 4,000 peopwe in 2011. The increase in de number of young homewess peopwe was particuwarwy severe.[156]

As of 2010, 91% (526,705) of Bawtimore residents five years owd and owder spoke onwy Engwish at home. Cwose to 4% (21,661) spoke Spanish. Oder wanguages, such as African wanguages, French, and Chinese are spoken by wess dan 1% of de popuwation, uh-hah-hah-hah.[159]

Crime in Bawtimore, generawwy concentrated in areas high in poverty, has been above de nationaw average for many years. Overaww reported crime has dropped by 60% from de mid 1990s to de mid 2010s, but homicide rates remain high and exceed de nationaw average. The worst years for crime in Bawtimore overaww were from 1993–1996; 1995, wif 96,243 crimes reported in 1995 (compare wif 38,321 in 2014, awbeit fowwowing a popuwation decwine of 100,000). Bawtimore's 344 homicides in 2015 represented de highest homicide rate in de city's recorded history—52.5 per 100,000 peopwe, surpassing de record set in 1993—and de second-highest for U.S. cities behind St. Louis and ahead of Detroit. To put dat in perspective, New York City, a city wif a 2015 popuwation of 8,491,079 recorded a totaw of 339 homicides in 2015. Bawtimore is a city wif a 2015 popuwation of 621,849; which means dat in 2015 Bawtimore had a homicide rate 14 times higher dan New York City's. Of Bawtimore's 344 homicides in 2015, 321 (93.3%) of de victims were African-American, uh-hah-hah-hah.[citation needed] Chicago, which saw 762 homicides in 2016 compared to Bawtimore's 318, stiww had a homicide rate (27.2) dat was hawf of Bawtimore's because Chicago has a popuwation 4 times greater dan Bawtimore's.[citation needed] Drug use and deads by drug use (particuwarwy drugs used intravenouswy, such as heroin) are a rewated probwem which has crippwed Bawtimore for decades. Among cities greater dan 400,000, Bawtimore ranked 2nd in its opiate drug deaf rate in de United States behind Dayton, Ohio. The DEA reported dat a staggering 10% of Bawtimore's popuwation- about 64,000 peopwe- are addicted to heroin, uh-hah-hah-hah.[160][161][162][163][164]

In 2011, Bawtimore powice reported 196 homicides, de wowest number in de city since a count of 197 homicides in 1978 and far wower dan de peak homicide count of 353 swayings in 1993. City weaders at de time credited a sustained focus on repeat viowent offenders and increased community engagement for de continued drop, refwecting a nationwide decwine in crime.[165][166]

On August 8, 2014, Bawtimore's new youf curfew waw went into effect. It prohibits unaccompanied chiwdren under age 14 from being on de streets after 9 p.m. and dose aged 14–16 from being out after 10 p.m. during de week and 11 p.m. on weekends and during de summer. The goaw is to keep chiwdren out of dangerous pwaces and reduce crime.[167]

The city's rate of homicide, one of de highest among cities of its size in de United States, has earned it de nickname "Bodymore, Murderwand".[2]

Crime in Bawtimore reached anoder peak in 2015 when de year's tawwy of 344 homicides was second onwy to de record 353 in 1993, when Bawtimore had about 100,000 more residents. The kiwwings in 2015 were on pace wif recent years in de earwy monds of 2015 but skyrocketed after de unrest and rioting of wate Apriw. In five of de next eight monds, kiwwings topped 30 or 40 a monf. Nearwy 90 percent of 2015's homicides were de resuwt of shootings, renewing cawws for new gun waws. In 2016, according to annuaw crime statistics reweased by de Bawtimore Powice Department, dere were 318 murders in de city.[168] This totaw marked a 7.56 percent decwine in homicides from 2015. On September 8, 2017, de Bawtimore Sun reported dat Bawtimore's annuaw homicide count was on track to exceed dat of New York City for de first time on record.[169]

In an interview in The Guardian, on November 2, 2017,[170] David Simon, himsewf a former powice reporter for The Bawtimore Sun, ascribed de most recent surge in murders to de high-profiwe decision by Bawtimore state’s attorney, Mariwyn Mosby, to charge six city powice officers fowwowing de deaf of Freddie Gray after he feww into a coma whiwe in powice custody in Apriw 2015. “What Mosby basicawwy did was send a message to de Bawtimore powice department: ‘I’m going to put you in jaiw for making a bad arrest.’ So officers figured it out: ‘I can go to jaiw for making de wrong arrest, so I’m not getting out of my car to cwear a corner,’ and dat’s exactwy what happened post-Freddie Gray.” In Bawtimore arrest numbers have pwummeted from more dan 40,000 in 2014, de year before Freddie Gray’s deaf and de subseqwent charges against de officers, to about 18,000 in 2017 (primo November). This happened even as homicides soared from 211 in 2014 to 344 in 2015 – an increase of 63%.[170]

Once a predominantwy industriaw town, wif an economic base focused on steew processing, shipping, auto manufacturing (Generaw Motors Bawtimore Assembwy), and transportation, de city experienced deindustriawization which cost residents tens of dousands of wow-skiww, high-wage jobs.[171] The city now rewies on a wow-wage service economy, which accounts for 31% of jobs in de city.[172][173] Around de turn of de century, Bawtimore was de weading US manufacturer of rye whiskey and straw hats. It awso wed in refining of crude oiw, brought to de city by pipewine from Pennsywvania.[174]

As of March 2015 de U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics cawcuwates Bawtimore's unempwoyment rate at 8.1%[175] whiwe one qwarter of Bawtimore residents (and 37% of Bawtimore chiwdren) wive in poverty.[176] The 2012 cwosure of a major steew pwant at Sparrows Point is expected to have a furder impact on empwoyment and de wocaw economy.[177] The Census Bureau reported in 2013 dat 207,000 workers commute into Bawtimore city each day.[178]Downtown Bawtimore is de primary economic asset widin Bawtimore City and de region wif 29.1 miwwion sqware feet of office space. The tech sector is rapidwy growing as de Bawtimore metro ranks 8f in de CBRE Tech Tawent Report among 50 U.S. metro areas for high growf rate and number of tech professionaws.[179]Forbes ranked Bawtimore fourf among America's "new tech hot spots".[180]

Inner Harbor Panorama.

Panoramic view of de Bawtimore Inner Harbor and Harbor Point waterfront devewopment as seen from de Domino Sugar factory.

Awmost a qwarter of de jobs in de Bawtimore region were in science, technowogy, engineering and maf as of mid 2013, in part attributed to de city's extensive undergraduate and graduate schoows; maintenance and repair experts were incwuded in dis count.[184]

The center of internationaw commerce for de region is de Worwd Trade Center Bawtimore. It houses de Marywand Port Administration and U.S. headqwarters for major shipping wines. Bawtimore is ranked 9f for totaw dowwar vawue of cargo and 13f for cargo tonnage for aww U.S. ports. In 2014, totaw cargo moving drough de port totawed 29.5 miwwion tons, down from 30.3 miwwion tons in 2013. The vawue of cargo travewing drough de port in 2014 came to $52.5 biwwion, down from $52.6 biwwion in 2013. The Port of Bawtimore generates $3 biwwion in annuaw wages and sawary, as weww as supporting 14,630 direct jobs and 108,000 jobs connected to port work. In 2014, de port awso generated more dan $300 miwwion in taxes. It serves over 50 ocean carriers making nearwy 1,800 annuaw visits. Among aww U.S. ports, Bawtimore is first in handwing automobiwes, wight trucks, farm and construction machinery; and imported forest products, awuminum, and sugar. The port is second in coaw exports. The Port of Bawtimore's cruise industry, which offers year-round trips on severaw wines supports over 500 jobs and brings in over $90 miwwion to Marywand's economy annuawwy. Growf at de port continues wif de Marywand Port Administration pwans to turn de soudern tip of de former steew miww into a marine terminaw, primariwy for car and truck shipments, but awso for anticipated new business coming to Bawtimore after de compwetion of de Panama Canaw expansion project.[185]

Bawtimore's history and attractions have awwowed de city to become a strong tourist destination on de East Coast. In 2014, de city hosted 24.5 miwwion visitors, who spent $5.2 biwwion, uh-hah-hah-hah.[186] The Bawtimore Visitor Center, which is operated by Visit Bawtimore, is wocated on Light Street in de Inner Harbor. Much of de city's tourism centers around de Inner Harbor, wif de Nationaw Aqwarium being Marywand's top tourist destination, uh-hah-hah-hah. Bawtimore Harbor's restoration has made it "a city of boats", wif severaw historic ships and oder attractions on dispway and open for de pubwic to visit. The USS Constewwation, de wast Civiw War-era vessew afwoat, is docked at de head of de Inner Harbor; de USS Torsk, a submarine dat howds de Navy's record for dives (more dan 10,000); and de Coast Guard cutter Taney, de wast surviving U.S. warship dat was in Pearw Harbor during de Japanese attack on December 7, 1941, and which engaged Japanese Zero aircraft during de battwe.[187]

Awso docked is de wightship Chesapeake, which for decades marked de entrance to Chesapeake Bay; and de Seven Foot Knoww Lighdouse, de owdest surviving screw-piwe wighdouse on Chesapeake Bay, which once marked de mouf of de Patapsco River and de entrance to Bawtimore. Aww of dese attractions are owned and maintained by de Historic Ships in Bawtimore organization, uh-hah-hah-hah. The Inner Harbor awso is de home port of Pride of Bawtimore II, de state of Marywand's "goodwiww ambassador" ship, a reconstruction of a famous Bawtimore Cwipper ship.[187]

Historicawwy a working-cwass port town, Bawtimore has sometimes been dubbed a "city of neighborhoods", wif 72 designated historic districts[188] traditionawwy occupied by distinct ednic groups. Most notabwe today are dree downtown areas awong de port: de Inner Harbor, freqwented by tourists due to its hotews, shops, and museums; Fewws Point, once a favorite entertainment spot for saiwors but now refurbished and gentrified (and featured in de movie Sweepwess in Seattwe); and Littwe Itawy, wocated between de oder two, where Bawtimore's Itawian-American community is based – and where former U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pewosi grew up. Furder inwand, Mount Vernon is de traditionaw center of cuwturaw and artistic wife of de city; it is home to a distinctive Washington Monument, set atop a hiww in a 19f-century urban sqware, dat predates de more weww-known monument in Washington, D.C. by severaw decades. Bawtimore awso has a significant German American popuwation,[189] and was de second wargest port of immigration to de United States, behind Ewwis Iswand in New York and New Jersey. Between 1820 and 1989, awmost 2 miwwion who were German, Powish, Engwish, Irish, Russian, Liduanian, French, Ukrainian, Czech, Greek and Itawian came to Bawtimore, most between de years 1861 to 1930. By 1913, when Bawtimore was averaging forty dousand immigrants per year, Worwd War I cwosed off de fwow of immigrants. By 1970, Bawtimore's heyday as an immigration center was a distant memory. There awso was a Chinatown dating back to at weast de 1880s which consisted of no more dan 400 Chinese residents. A wocaw Chinese-American association remains based dere, but onwy one Chinese restaurant as of 2009.

Emerson Bromo-Sewtzer Tower, buiwt in 1911. The 15 stories of de Bromo Sewtzer Tower have been transformed into studio spaces for visuaw and witerary artists

Bawtimore has qwite a history when it comes to making beer, an art dat drived in Bawtimore from de 1800s to de 1950s wif over 100 owd breweries in de city's past.[190] The best remaining exampwe of dat history is de owd American Brewery Buiwding on Norf Gay Street and de Nationaw Brewing Company buiwding in de Brewer's Hiww neighborhood. In de 1940s de Nationaw Brewing Company introduced de nation's first six-pack. Nationaw's two most prominent brands, were Nationaw Bohemian Beer cowwoqwiawwy "Natty Boh" and Cowt 45. Listed on de Pabst website as a "Fun Fact", Cowt 45 was named after running back #45 Jerry Hiww of de 1963 Bawtimore Cowts and not de .45 cawiber handgun ammunition round. Bof brands are stiww made today, awbeit outside of Marywand, and served aww around de Bawtimore area at bars, as weww as Oriowes and Ravens games.[191] The Natty Boh wogo appears on aww cans, bottwes, and packaging; and merchandise featuring him can stiww easiwy be found in shops in Marywand, incwuding severaw in Fewws Point.

Each year de Artscape takes pwace in de city in de Bowton Hiww neighborhood, due to its proximity to Marywand Institute Cowwege of Art. Artscape stywes itsewf as de "wargest free arts festivaw in America".[192] Each May, de Marywand Fiwm Festivaw takes pwace in Bawtimore, using aww five screens of de historic Charwes Theatre as its anchor venue. Many movies and tewevision shows have been fiwmed in Bawtimore. The Wire was set and fiwmed in Bawtimore. House of Cards and Veep are set in Washington, D.C. but fiwmed in Bawtimore.[193]

Bawtimore is known for its Marywand bwue crabs, crab cake, Owd Bay Seasoning, pit beef, and de "chicken box." The city has many restaurants in or around de Inner Harbor. The most known and accwaimed are de Charweston, Woodberry Kitchen, and de Charm City Cakes bakery featured on de Food Network's Ace of Cakes. The Littwe Itawy neighborhood's biggest draw is de food. Fewws Point awso is a foodie neighborhood for tourists and wocaws and is where de owdest continuouswy running tavern in de country, "The Horse You Came In On Sawoon," is wocated.[195] Many of de city's upscawe restaurants can be found in Harbor East. Five pubwic markets are wocated across de city. The Bawtimore Pubwic Market System is de owdest continuouswy operating pubwic market system in de United States.[196]Lexington Market is one of de wongest-running markets in de worwd and wongest running in de country, having been around since 1782. The market continues to stand at its originaw site. Bawtimore is de wast pwace in America where one can stiww find arabbers, vendors who seww fresh fruits and vegetabwes from a horse-drawn cart dat goes up and down neighborhood streets.[197] Food- and drink-rating site Zagat ranked Bawtimore second in a wist of de 17 best food cities in de country in 2015.[198]

One ding visitors qwickwy notice is dat some wocaws refer to deir city as "Bawmer", dropping de "t". The traditionaw wocaw accent, particuwar to some working-cwass areas of de city, has wong been noted and cewebrated as "Bawtimorese" or "Bawwmorese". Whiwe in oder parts of de city, wocaws refer to deir city as "Bawdamore". Bawtimore's diawect is a member of de Atwantic midwand Engwish diawect group, and shares many characteristics wif Phiwadewphia's, such as de addition of an "eh" sound before a wong "o". Its infwuence distinguishes Bawtimore, especiawwy wif words containing "oi" fwattened into an "aw" sound.[199] The Bawtimore accent, however is noted for sounding more soudern dan Phiwadewphia's. Gwide dewetion in de accent is present, wif de wong "i" sound being fwattened to "ah" among certain speakers before voiced, wiqwid and nasaw consonants. Due to its combination of rhoticity and gwide dewetion, de word "iron" is pronounced somewhat wike "arn" and de word "fire" wike "far".[citation needed]

The Bawtimore Symphony Orchestra is an internationawwy renowned orchestra, founded in 1916 as a pubwicwy funded municipaw organization, uh-hah-hah-hah. The current Music Director is Marin Awsop, a protégé of Leonard Bernstein. Centerstage is de premier deater company in de city and a regionawwy weww-respected group. The Lyric Opera House is de home of Lyric Opera Bawtimore, which operates dere as part of de Patricia and Ardur Modeww Performing Arts Center. The Bawtimore Consort has been a weading earwy music ensembwe for over twenty-five years. The France-Merrick Performing Arts Center, home of de restored Thomas W. Lamb-designed Hippodrome Theatre, has afforded Bawtimore de opportunity to become a major regionaw pwayer in de area of touring Broadway and oder performing arts presentations. Renovating Bawtimore's historic deatres have become widespread droughout de city such as de Everyman, Centre, Senator and most recent Parkway deatre. Oder buiwdings have been reused such as de former Mercantiwe Deposit and Trust Company bank buiwding. It is now de Chesapeake Shakespeare Company Theater.

Bawtimore awso boasts a wide array of professionaw (non-touring) and community deater groups. Aside from Center Stage, resident troupes in de city incwude Everyman Theatre, Singwe Carrot Theatre, and Bawtimore Theatre Festivaw. Community deaters in de city incwude Fewws Point Community Theatre and de Arena Pwayers Inc., which is de nation's owdest continuouswy operating African American community deater.[201] In 2009, de Bawtimore Rock Opera Society, an aww-vowunteer deatricaw company, waunched its first production, uh-hah-hah-hah.[202]

The Peabody Institute, wocated in de Mount Vernon neighborhood, is de owdest conservatory of music in de United States.[204] Estabwished in 1857, it is one of de most prestigious in de worwd,[204] awong wif Juiwwiard, Eastman, and de Curtis Institute. The Morgan State University Choir is awso one of de nation's most prestigious university choraw ensembwes.[205] The city is home to de Bawtimore Schoow for de Arts, a pubwic high schoow in de Mount Vernon neighborhood of Bawtimore. The institution is nationawwy recognized for its success in preparation for students entering music (vocaw/instrumentaw), deatre (acting/deater production), dance, and visuaw arts.

Bawtimore has a wong and storied basebaww history, incwuding its distinction as de birdpwace of Babe Ruf in 1895. The originaw 19f century Bawtimore Oriowes were one of de most successfuw earwy franchises, featuring numerous haww of famers during its years from 1882 to 1899. As one of de eight inauguraw American League franchises, de Bawtimore Oriowes pwayed in de AL during de 1901 and 1902 seasons. The team moved to New York City before de 1903 season and was renamed de New York Highwanders, which water became de New York Yankees. Ruf pwayed for de minor weague Bawtimore Oriowes team, which was active from 1903 to 1914. After pwaying one season in 1915 as de Richmond Cwimbers, de team returned de fowwowing year to Bawtimore, where it pwayed as de Oriowes untiw 1953.[206]

The team currentwy known as de Bawtimore Oriowes has represented Major League Basebaww wocawwy since 1954 when de St. Louis Browns moved to de city of Bawtimore. The Oriowes advanced to de Worwd Series in 1966, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1979 and 1983, winning dree times (1966, 1970 and 1983), whiwe making de pwayoffs aww but one year (1972) from 1969 drough 1974.

Prior to an NFL team moving to Bawtimore, dere had been severaw attempts at a professionaw footbaww team prior to de 1950s. Most were minor weague or semi-professionaw teams. The first major weague to base a team in Bawtimore was de Aww-America Footbaww Conference (AAFC), which had a team named de Bawtimore Cowts. The AAFC Cowts pwayed for dree seasons in de AAFC (1947, 1948, and 1949), and when de AAFC fowded fowwowing de 1949 season, moved to de NFL for a singwe year (1950) before going bankrupt. Three years water, de NFL's Dawwas Texans wouwd itsewf fowd, and its assets and pwayer contracts purchased by an ownership team headed by Bawtimore businessman Carroww Rosenbwoom, who moved de team to Bawtimore, estabwishing a new team awso named de Bawtimore Cowts. During de 1950s and 1960s, de Cowts were one of de NFLs more successfuw franchises, wed by Pro Footbaww Haww of Fame qwarterback Johnny Unitas who set a den-record of 47 consecutive games wif a touchdown pass. The Cowts advanced to de NFL Championship twice (1958 & 1959) and Super Boww twice (1969 & 1971), winning aww except Super Boww III in 1969. After de 1983 season, de team weft Bawtimore for Indianapowis in 1984, where it became de Indianapowis Cowts.

Cowwege wacrosse is a popuwar sport in de spring, as de Johns Hopkins Bwue Jays men's wacrosse team has won 44 nationaw championships, de most of any program in history. In addition, Loyowa University won its first men's NCAA wacrosse championship in 2012.

The FC Bawtimore 1729 is a semi-professionaw soccer cwub pwaying for NPSL weague, wif de goaw of bringing a community-oriented competitive soccer experience to de city of Bawtimore. Their inauguraw season wiww start May 11, 2018, and dey wiww pway deir home games at CCBC Essex Fiewd.

The Bawtimore Grand Prix debuted awong de streets of de Inner Harbor section of de city's downtown on September 2–4, 2011. The event pwayed host to de American Le Mans Series on Saturday and de IndyCar Series on Sunday. Support races from smawwer series were awso hewd, incwuding Indy Lights. After dree consecutive years, on September 13, 2013, it was announced dat de event wouwd not be hewd in 2014 or 2015 due to scheduwing confwicts.[208]

The adwetic eqwipment company, Under Armour is awso based out of Bawtimore. Founded in 1996 by Kevin Pwank, a University of Marywand awumnus, de company's headqwarters are wocated in Tide Point, adjacent to Fort McHenry and de Domino Sugar factory. The Bawtimore Maradon is de fwagship race of severaw races. The maradon begins at de Camden Yards sports compwex and travews drough many diverse neighborhoods of Bawtimore, incwuding de scenic Inner Harbor waterfront area, historic Federaw Hiww, Fewws Point, and Canton, Bawtimore. The race den proceeds to oder important focaw points of de city such as Patterson Park, Cwifton Park, Lake Montebewwo, de Charwes Viwwage neighborhood and de western edge of downtown, uh-hah-hah-hah. After winding drough 42.195 kiwometres (26.219 mi) of Bawtimore, de race ends at virtuawwy de same point at which it starts.

Bawtimore is an independent city, and not part of any county. For most governmentaw purposes under Marywand waw, Bawtimore City is treated as a county-wevew entity. The United States Census Bureau uses counties as de basic unit for presentation of statisticaw information in de United States, and treats Bawtimore as a county eqwivawent for dose purposes.

Bawtimore has been a Democratic stronghowd for over 150 years, wif Democrats dominating every wevew of government. In virtuawwy aww ewections, de Democratic primary is de reaw contest.[211] No Repubwican has won ewection to de city counciw since 1939, and no Repubwican has won de mayor's race since 1963.

Caderine Pugh became de Democratic nominee for mayor in 2016 and won de mayoraw ewection in 2016 wif 57.1% of de vote; Pugh took office as mayor on December 6, 2016.[214]

Stephanie Rawwings-Bwake assumed de office of Mayor on February 4, 2010, when Dixon's resignation became effective.[215] Rawwings-Bwake had been serving as City Counciw President at de time. She was ewected to a fuww term in 2011, defeating Pugh in de primary ewection and receiving 84% of de vote.[216]

Sheiwa Dixon became de first femawe mayor of Bawtimore on January 17, 2007. As de former City Counciw President, she assumed de office of Mayor when former Mayor Martin O'Mawwey took office as Governor of Marywand.[217] On November 6, 2007, Dixon won de Bawtimore mayoraw ewection. Mayor Dixon's administration ended wess dan dree years after her ewection, de resuwt of a criminaw investigation dat began in 2006 whiwe she was stiww City Counciw President. She was convicted on a singwe misdemeanor charge of embezzwement on December 1, 2009. A monf water, Dixon made an Awford pwea to a perjury charge and agreed to resign from office; Marywand, wike most states, does not awwow convicted fewons to howd office.[218][219]

The Bawtimore City Counciw is now made up of 14 singwe-member districts and one ewected at-warge counciw president. Bernard C. "Jack" Young has been de counciw president since February 2010, when he was unanimouswy ewected by de oder counciw members to repwace Stephanie Rawwings-Bwake, who had become mayor.[221] Edward Reisinger, de 10f district representative, is de counciw's current vice president.[222]

The Bawtimore City Powice Department, founded 1784 as a "Night City Watch" and day Constabwes system and water reorganized as a City Department in 1853, wif a fowwowing reorganization under State of Marywand supervision in 1859, wif appointments made by de Governor of Marywand after a disturbing period of civic and ewections viowence wif riots in de water part of de decade, is de current primary waw enforcement agency serving de citizens of de City of Bawtimore. Campus and buiwding security for de city's pubwic schoows is provided by de Bawtimore City Pubwic Schoows Powice, estabwished in de 1970s.

Law enforcement on de fweet of transit buses and transit raiw systems serving Bawtimore is de responsibiwity of de Marywand Transit Administration Powice, which is part of de Marywand Transit Administration of de state Department of Transportation. The MTA Powice awso share jurisdiction audority wif de Bawtimore City Powice, governed by a memorandum of understanding.[223]

As de enforcement arm of de Bawtimore circuit and district court system, de Bawtimore City Sheriff's Office, created by state constitutionaw amendment in 1844, is responsibwe for de security of city courdouses and property, service of court-ordered writs, protective and peace orders, warrants, tax wevies, prisoner transportation and traffic enforcement. Deputy Sheriffs are sworn waw enforcement officiaws, wif fuww arrest audority granted by de constitution of Marywand, de Marywand Powice and Correctionaw Training Commission and de Sheriff of de City of Bawtimore.[224]

The United States Coast Guard, operating out of deir shipyard and faciwity (since 1899) at Arundew Cove on Curtis Creek, (off Pennington Avenue extending to Hawkins Point Road/Fort Smawwwood Road) in de Curtis Bay section of soudern Bawtimore City and adjacent nordern Anne Arundew County. The U.S.C.G. awso operates and maintains a presence on Bawtimore and Marywand waterways in de Patapsco River and Chesapeake Bay. "Sector Bawtimore" is responsibwe for commanding waw enforcement and search & rescue units as weww as aids to navigation, uh-hah-hah-hah.

The city of Bawtimore is protected by de over 1,800 professionaw firefighters of de Bawtimore City Fire Department (BCFD), which was founded in December 1858 and began operating de fowwowing year. Repwacing severaw warring independent vowunteer companies since de 1770s and de confusion resuwting from a riot invowving de "Know-Noding" powiticaw party two years before, de estabwishment of a unified professionaw fire fighting force was a major advance in urban governance. The BCFD operates out of 37 fire stations wocated droughout de city and has a wong history and sets of traditions in its various houses and divisions.

Since de wegiswative redistricting in 2002, Bawtimore has had six wegiswative districts wocated entirewy widin its boundaries, giving de city six seats in de 47-member Marywand Senate and 18 in de 141-member Marywand House of Dewegates.[225][226] During de previous 10-year period, Bawtimore had four wegiswative districts widin de city wimits, but four oders overwapped de Bawtimore County wine.[227] As of January 2011, aww of Bawtimore's state senators and dewegates were Democrats.[225] Approvaw of de next redistricting pwan is expected to become effective in time for Marywand's 2012 congressionaw primary ewection on February 14, 2012.[228]

Marywand's senior Senator, Ben Cardin, is from Bawtimore. He is one of dree peopwe in de wast four decades to have represented de 3rd District before being ewected to de Senate. Pauw Sarbanes represented de 3rd from 1971 untiw 1977, when he was ewected to de first of five terms in de Senate. Sarbanes was succeeded by Barbara Mikuwski, who represented de 3rd from 1977 to 1987. Mikuwski was succeeded by Cardin, who hewd de seat untiw handing it to John Sarbanes upon his ewection to de Senate in 2007.[230]

Bawtimore is de home of numerous pwaces of higher wearning, bof pubwic and private. 100,000 cowwege students from around de country attend Bawtimore City's 12 accredited two-year or four-year cowweges and universities.[232][233] Among dem are:

The Interstate highways serving Bawtimore are I-70, I-83 (de Jones Fawws Expressway), I-95 (de John F. Kennedy Memoriaw Highway norf of de city), I-395, I-695 (de Bawtimore Bewtway), I-795 (de Nordwest Expressway), I-895 (de Harbor Tunnew Thruway), and I-97. The city's mainwine Interstate highways—I-95, I-83, and I-70—do not directwy connect to each oder, and in de case of I-70 end at a park and ride wot just inside de city wimits, because of freeway revowts in Bawtimore. These revowts were wed primariwy by Barbara Mikuwski, a former United States senator for Marywand, which resuwted in de abandonment of de originaw pwan, uh-hah-hah-hah. There are two tunnews traversing Bawtimore Harbor widin de city wimits: de four-bore Fort McHenry Tunnew (serving I-95) and de two-bore Harbor Tunnew (serving I-895). The Bawtimore Bewtway crosses souf of Bawtimore Harbor over de Francis Scott Key Bridge.

The onwy U.S. Highways in de city are US 1, which bypasses downtown, and US 40, which crosses downtown from east to west. Bof run awong major surface streets; however, US 40 utiwizes a smaww section of a freeway cancewwed in de 1970s in de west side of de city originawwy intended for Interstate 170. State routes in de city awso travew awong surface streets, wif de exception of Marywand Route 295, which carries de Bawtimore–Washington Parkway.

The Bawtimore City Department of Transportation (BCDOT) is responsibwe for severaw functions of de road transportation system in Bawtimore, incwuding repairing roads, sidewawks, and awweys; road signs; street wights; and managing de fwow of transportation systems.[239] In addition, de agency is in charge of vehicwe towing and traffic cameras.[240][241] BCDOT maintains aww streets widin de city of Bawtimore. These incwude aww streets dat are marked as state and U.S. highways as weww as de portions of I-83 and I-70 widin de city wimits. The onwy highways widin de city dat are not maintained by BCDOT are I-95, I-395, I-695, and I-895; dose four highways are maintained by de Marywand Transportation Audority.[242]

The Charm City Circuwator (CCC), a shuttwe bus service operated by Veowia Transportation for de Bawtimore Department of Transportation, began operating in de downtown area in January 2010. Funded partwy by a 16 percent increase in de city's parking fees, de circuwator provides free bus service seven days a week, picking up passengers every 15 minutes at designated stops during service hours.[245][246]

The CCC's first bus wine, de Orange route, travews between Howwins Market and Harbor East. Its Purpwe route, waunched June 7, 2010, operates between Penn Station and Federaw Hiww. The Green route runs between Johns Hopkins and City Haww.[246][247] The Charm City Circuwator operates a fweet of diesew and hybrid vehicwes buiwt by DesignLine, Orion, and Van Hoow.[245]

In June 2017, The BawtimoreLink started operating; it is de redesign of de region's initiaw bus system. The BawtimoreLink runs drough downtown Bawtimore every 10 minutes via cowor-coded, high-freqwency CityLink routes.[249]

Bawtimore is a top destination for Amtrak awong de Nordeast Corridor. Bawtimore's Penn Station is one of de busiest in de country. In FY 2014, Penn Station was ranked de sevenf-busiest raiw station in de United States by number of passengers served each year.[250] The buiwding sits on a raised "iswand" of sorts between two open trenches, one for de Jones Fawws Expressway and de oder for de tracks of de Nordeast Corridor (NEC). The NEC approaches from de souf drough de two-track, 7,660-foot Bawtimore and Potomac Tunnew, which opened in 1873 and whose 30 mph wimit, sharp curves, and steep grades make it one of de NEC's worst bottwenecks. The NEC's nordern approach is de 1873 Union Tunnew, which has one singwe-track bore and one doubwe-track bore.

Bawtimore has a comprehensive system of bicycwe routes in de city. These routes are not numbered, but are typicawwy denoted wif green signs sporting a siwhouette of a bicycwe upon an outwine of de city's border, and denote de distance to destinations, much wike bicycwe routes in de rest of de state. The roads carrying bicycwe routes are awso wabewwed wif eider bike wanes, sharrows, or Share de Road signs. Many of dese routes pass drough de downtown area. The network of bicycwe wanes in de city continues to expand, wif over 140 miwes added between 2006 and 2014.[254] Awongside bike wanes, Bawtimore has awso buiwt bike bouwevards, starting wif Guiwford Avenue in 2012.

Bawtimore currentwy has dree major traiw systems widin de city. The Gwynns Fawws Traiw runs from de Inner Harbor to de I-70 Park and Ride, passing drough Gwynns Fawws Park and possessing numerous branches. There are awso many pedestrian hiking traiws traversing de park. The Jones Fawws Traiw currentwy runs from de Inner Harbor to de Cywburn Arboretum; however, it is currentwy undergoing expansion, uh-hah-hah-hah. Long term pwans caww for it to extend to de Mount Washington Light Raiw Stop, and possibwy as far norf as de Fawws Road stop to connect to de Robert E. Lee boardwawk norf of de city. It wiww awso incorporate a spur awongside Western Run, uh-hah-hah-hah. The two aforementioned traiws carry sections of de East Coast Greenway drough de city. There is awso de Herring Run Traiw, which runs from Harford Road east to its end beyond Sincwair Lane, utiwizing Herring Run Park; wong term pwans awso caww for its extension to Morgan State University and norf to points beyond. Oder major bicycwe projects incwude a protected cycwe track instawwed on bof Marywand Avenue and Mount Royaw Avenue, expected to become de backbone of a downtown bicycwe network. Instawwation for de cycwetracks is expected in 2014 and 2016, respectivewy.

In addition to de bicycwe traiws and cycwetracks, Bawtimore has de Stony Run Traiw, a wawking paf dat wiww eventuawwy connect from de Jones Fawws norf to Nordern Parkway, utiwizing much of de owd Ma and Pa Raiwroad corridor inside de city. In 2011, de city undertook a campaign to reconstruct many sidewawk ramps in de city, coinciding wif mass resurfacing of de city's streets. A 2011 study by Wawk Score ranked Bawtimore de 14f most wawkabwe of fifty wargest U.S. cities.[255]

The port was founded in 1706, preceding de founding of Bawtimore. The Marywand cowoniaw wegiswature made de area near Locust Point as de port of entry for de tobacco trade wif Engwand. Fewws Point, de deepest point in de naturaw harbor, soon became de cowony's main ship buiwding center, water on becoming weader in de construction of cwipper ships.[256]

After Bawtimore's founding, miwws were buiwt behind de wharves. The Cawifornia Gowd Rush wed to many orders for fast vessews; many overwand pioneers awso rewied upon canned goods from Bawtimore. After de Civiw War, a coffee ship was designed here for trade wif Braziw. At de end of de nineteenf century, European ship wines had terminaws for immigrants. The Bawtimore and Ohio Raiwroad made de port a major transshipment point.[257]:17,75 Currentwy de port has major roww-on/roww-off faciwities, as weww as buwk faciwities, especiawwy steew handwing.[258]

In 2007, Duke Reawty Corporation began a new devewopment near de Port of Bawtimore, named de Chesapeake Commerce Center. This new industriaw park is wocated on de site of a former Generaw Motors pwant. The totaw project comprises 184 acres (0.74 km2) in eastern Bawtimore City, and de site wiww yiewd 2,800,000 sqware feet (260,000 m2) of warehouse/distribution and office space. Chesapeake Commerce Center has direct access to two major Interstate highways (I-95 and I-895) and is wocated adjacent to two of de major Port of Bawtimore terminaws. The Port of Bawtimore is one of two seaports on de U.S. East Coast wif a 50-foot (15 m) dredge to accommodate de wargest shipping vessews.[260]

Awong wif cargo terminaws, de port awso has a passenger cruise terminaw, which offers year-round trips on severaw wines, incwuding Royaw Caribbean's Grandeur of de Seas and Carnivaw's Pride. Overaww five cruise wines have operated out of de port to de Bahamas and de Caribbean, whiwe some ships travewed to New Engwand and Canada. The terminaw has become a popuwar embarkation point where passengers have de rare opportunity to park and board next to de ship visibwe from Interstate 95.[261] Passengers from Pennsywvania, New York and New Jersey make up a dird of de vowume, wif travewers from Marywand, Virginia, de District and even Ohio and de Carowinas making up de rest.[262]

Bawtimore's Inner Harbor, known for its skywine waterscape and its tourist-friendwy areas, was horribwy powwuted. The waterway was often fiwwed wif garbage after heavy rainstorms, faiwing its 2014 water qwawity report card. The Waterfront Partnership of Bawtimore took steps to remediate de waterways, in hopes dat de harbor wouwd be fishabwe and swimmabwe once again, uh-hah-hah-hah.

Instawwed in May 2014, de water wheew trash interceptor known as Mr. Trash Wheew sits at de mouf of de Jones Fawws River in Bawtimore's Inner Harbor. A February 2015 agreement wif a wocaw waste-to-energy pwant is bewieved to make Bawtimore de first city to use recwaimed waterway debris to generate ewectricity.[263]

Mr. Trash Wheew is de worwd's first permanent water wheew trash interceptor to cwean up de city's powwuted Inner Harbor.[264] The Jones Fawws river watershed drains fifty-eight sqware miwes of wand outside of Bawtimore and is a significant source of trash dat enters de harbor. Garbage cowwected by Mr. Trash Wheew couwd come from anywhere in de Jones Fawws Watershed area.[265] The wheew moves continuouswy, removing garbage and dumping it into an attached dumpster using onwy hydro and sowar renewabwe power to keep its wheew turning. It has de capabiwity to cowwect 50,000 pounds of trash per day, and has removed more dan 350 tons of witter from Bawtimore's wandmark and tourist attraction in its first 18 monds, estimated as consisting of approximatewy 200,000 bottwes, 173,000 potato chip bags and 6.7 miwwion cigarette butts.[266][267] The Water Wheew has been very successfuw at trash removaw, visibwy decreasing de amount of garbage dat cowwects in de harbor, especiawwy after a rainfaww.

After de success of Mr. Trash Wheew, de Waterfront Partnership raised money to buiwd a second Water Wheew at de end of Harris Creek, an entirewy piped stream dat fwows beneaf Bawtimore's Canton neighborhood and empties into de Bawtimore Harbor. Harris Creek is known to carry tons of trash every year.[268][269][270] The pwanned new Water Wheew was inaugurated in December 2016, and dubbed "Professor Trash Wheew".[271] Professor Trash Wheew prevents waste from exiting de Harbor and accessing de Chesapeake Bay and Atwantic Ocean, uh-hah-hah-hah. A number of additionaw projects are going on in Bawtimore City and County dat shouwd resuwt in better water qwawity scores. These projects incwude de Bwue Awweys project, expanded street sweeping, and stream restoration, uh-hah-hah-hah.[264]

In August 2010, de Nationaw Aqwarium assembwed, pwanted, and waunched a fwoating wetwand iswand designed by Biohabitats in Bawtimore's Inner Harbor.[272] Hundreds of years ago Bawtimore's harbor shorewine wouwd have been wined wif tidaw wetwands. Fwoating wetwands provide many environmentaw benefits to water qwawity and habitat enhancement, which is why de Waterfront Partnership of Bawtimore has incwuded dem in deir Heawdy Harbor Initiative piwot projects.[273] Biohabitats awso devewoped a concept to transform a diwapidated wharf into a wiving pier dat cweans Harbor water, provides habitat and is an aesdetic attraction, uh-hah-hah-hah. Currentwy under design, de top of de pier wiww become a constructed tidaw wetwand.[274]

In 2006, The Bawtimore Examiner was waunched to compete wif The Sun. It was part of a nationaw chain dat incwudes The San Francisco Examiner and The Washington Examiner. In contrast to de paid subscription Sun, The Examiner was a free newspaper funded sowewy by advertisements. Unabwe to turn a profit and facing a deep recession, The Bawtimore Examiner ceased pubwication on February 15, 2009.

Niewsen ranked Bawtimore as de 26f-wargest tewevision market for de 2008–2009 viewing season and de 27f-wargest for 2009–2010.[280] Arbitron's Faww 2010 rankings identified Bawtimore as de 22nd wargest radio market.[281]

^Since 1950, when de Nationaw Weader Service switched to using de suburban and generawwy much coower BWI Airport as de officiaw Bawtimore cwimatowogy station, dis extreme has repeated dree times: January 29, 1963, January 17, 1982, and January 22, 1984.

^Temperature, precipitation normaws are recorded at Marywand Science Center in downtown; de Nationaw Weader Service does not yet record snowfaww at dis wocation, so de snow normaws for BWI Airport, at an ewevation of 156 ft (47.5 m) about 10 mi (16 km) souf of downtown, are shown, uh-hah-hah-hah. Likewise humidity and sun duration normaws were recorded at BWI Airport.

^As depicted on a map of de Piscataway wands in Kennef Bryson, Images of America: Accokeek (Arcadia Pubwishing, 2013) pp. 10–11, derived from Awice and Henry Ferguson, The Piscataway Indians of Soudern Marywand (Awice Ferguson Foundation, 1960) pp. 8 (map) and p. 11: "By de beginning of Marywand (Engwish) settwement, pressure from de Susqwehannocks had reduced..de Piscataway 'empire'...to a bewt bordering de Potomac souf of de fawws and extending up de principwe tributaries. Roughwy, de 'empire' covered de soudern hawf of present Prince Georges County and aww, or nearwy aww, of Charwes County."

^"Bawtimore, Marywand—Government". Marywand Manuaw On-Line: A Guide to Marywand Government. Marywand State Archives. October 23, 2008. Archived from de originaw on September 19, 2008. Retrieved October 27, 2008.

^Wiwwiam Harvey Hunter, "Bawtimore Architecture in History"; in Dorsey & Diwts (1997), p. 7. "Bof begun in 1815, de Battwe Monument and de Washington Monument gave Bawtimore its most famous sobriqwet. In 1827, when bremof of dem were nearwy finished, President John Quincy Adams at a big pubwic dinner in Bawtimore gave as his toast, 'Bawtimore, de monumentaw city.' It was more dan an idwe comment: no oder warge city in America had even one substantiaw monument to show."

^Smif, Van (October 19, 2011). "Census shows striking growf in Bawtimore homewessness Popuwation swewws nearwy 20 percent in two years; ranks of homewess young peopwe increase 50 percent". CityPaper. Archived from de originaw on March 6, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2012. The bienniaw homewess censuses, which are reqwired under federaw waw and are conducted on a singwe day—dis year, Jan, uh-hah-hah-hah. 25—have trended upward since de first one in 2003 counted 2,681 homewess peopwe in Bawtimore, compared to 4,088 dis year, according to de report by Morgan State's Schoow of Architecture and Pwanning. Cawwed a "point-in-time" survey, de census effort wooks for homewess peopwe wiving on de streets as weww as dose checking into shewters and hospitaw emergency rooms and receiving oder homewess services. The count of Bawtimore's young homewess peopwe, which is evawuated separatewy by de Center for Adowescent Heawf at de Johns Hopkins Bwoomberg Schoow of Pubwic Heawf and is undertaken over a period of weeks instead of one day, has risen 135 percent since 2007, from 272 to 640. Rader dan canvassing de streets for homewess youngsters, de effort rewies on data provided by cooperating service providers, incwuding de city pubwic-schoows system.