Now the only thing I don't know about is npm and what it has installed. If you install npm again into a custom path that starts off empty, then you can see what it adds and then you will be able to make a list for npm similar to the above list I made for node.

This didn't remove the .nmp directory in my home directory ~. I removed it myself. Are there any other files or directories like that I need to remove to completely remove node and npm?
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teewuaneFeb 5 at 5:02

To uninstall node I followed the accepted answer by @George, as I no longer have the sources, but before doing so I ran:

sudo npm rm npm -g

That seemed to get rid of npm from the system directories such as /usr/bin/npm and /usr/lib/npm. I got the command from here. I then found a ~/.npm directory, which I deleted manually. Honestly I don't know if every trace of npm has been removed, but I can't find anything else.