Arctic, topography and bathymetry (topographic map)

Arctic, topography and bathymetry (topographic map)

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Description:
The Arctic is extremely diverse in terms of landscapes, varying from pack and drift ice to rugged shores, flat coastal plains, rolling hills and mountains surpassing 6000 metres above sea level (Denali, 6,194 m asl, in sub-arctic and boreal Alaska). The region has rivers and lakes, tundra and the largest forests in the world (the Russian Taiga).

The Antarctic holeDespite progress achieved under the Montreal Protocol, the ozone “hole” over the Antarctic was larger than ever in September 2006. This was due to particularly cold temperatures in the stratosphere, but also to the chemi...

By Emmanuelle Bournay, UNEP/GRID-Arendal

Cold places on the Southern ContinentAntarctica is the coldest, driest and windiest continent on Earth. This graph shows the annual temperatures and seasonal variation at three locations in Antarctica - the research bases Bernardo O'Higgins (Chile - on the ...

By Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-Arendal

Temperature increases in the Antarctic due to climate change, 2090 (NCAR-CCM3, SRES A2 experiment)Climate change, due to increased concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, has not lead as clear changes in the Antarctic as in the Arctic. Some of the ice shelves of the Antarctic peninsula have split up and...

By Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-Arendal

Population and main oil and gas production areas in the ArcticThe Arctic represents one of the least populated areas in the world, with only sparse settlements and very few large cities and towns - in comparison with e.g. continental Europe. The largest cities are in Northwest Russ...

By Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-Arendal

Protected areas, Arctic and AntarcticProtected areas are very important for conserving biodiversity. In these areas, human activities are managed to achieve specific conservation goals, for example, to protect a certain species or to conserve a representati...

By Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-Arendal

Coldwater coral reefs, distributionScientists are just beginning to learn about the many species in the remote, deep waters of the polar oceans. Corals, for example, are not limited to the warm, shallow waters of the tropics. They also exist in many cold,...

By Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-Arendal

Major research stations in the ArcticThe Arctic is interesting for many types of researchers. For example, glaciologists study the ice and snow, while oceanographers look at the oceans. The ice, snow and oceans in the Arctic and Antarctic affect the global ...

By Hugo Ahlenius, UNEP/GRID-Arendal

Climate change - ice and snow and the albedo effectChanges in the polar regions can cause more warming in the entire planet earth system through feedback effects. One such effect is the reduction of ice and snow due to warmer temperatures. When the white and gray snow an...