Interest in building a town at the intersection of present day US 178 (Charleston Highway) and S.C. 210 (Branchville-Providence Roads) was evidenced in the acquisition of substantial properties of the Reddick A. Bowman estate by one Samuel W. Dibble, Sr. of Orangeburg, SC in 1887. The Smoak Tramway, a six-mile logging railroad extending from Branchville toward north Four Holes Swamp which was chartered in 1884, was also targeted for acquisition by Mr. Dibble's associate, Thomas M. Raysor, who operated the Raysor Mill near Stokes. These actions, aimed at developing and exploiting the agricultural and lumbering potential of an area that had remained rather dormant since the American Civil War, were taking place in the late 1880s. These represented the prelude to the chartering of the future Town of Bowman and the transportation and land development organizations and operations which preceded its chartering. The site chosen for Bowman was actually situated in the center of a rice farming country, later transformed into a major cotton producing area where the land has a clay sub-soil, ideal for this and other crops. it was located on an old road that was traveled in colonial days by people going from Charleston to Orangeburg, and which was once alleged to have been known as Oak Ridge, a plateau about ten miles long and five miles wide. One of the oldest remaining, operating, companies located in Bowman, South Carolina, is V.P. Kiser Lumber Company. V.P. Kiser Lumber company now produces pine shingles, among other products. Fun fact: Some wood from Kiser Lumber Company was used to build Bowman's UFO welcoming center.

On the afternoon of December 5, 1977 a tornado, approaching from the west parallel to Highway 210, struck the downtown area. Three people were injured, the streets were littered with glass and debris, a few trailers demolished, buildings unroofed, and a power failure occurred. Miraculously, no lives were lost.

In the early years immediately prior to the founding of Bowman, mail service amounted to once or twice-a-week deliveries from Orangeburg by horse and buggy to outlying communities, such as Rileys, Connors and Ruples. The first post office in the Town of Bowman was located at Railroad Avenue and Ott Street (later Main Street) in the store of John W. Berry, a pioneer merchant, and he served as the first postmaster. The building also served as a residence, and it had the first telephone between Bowman and Branchville. The postal system of those early years in Bowman's history involved horse and buggy deliveries about twice a week from Orangeburg, and patrons from both town and surrounding areas had to pick up their mail from the post office until rural routes and carriers were organized to deliver mail outside the town limits in the early 1900s. Three rural routes were operational by 1907. The earliest carriers of record were W. H. Dukes, W. L. Bishop, O. P. Evans and Andrew Stroman, Sr. A fourth route was later added to serve the surrounding area, since reduced to three, and finally to the current two routes.

As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 1,198 people, 463 households, and 321 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,034.5 people per square mile (398.8/km2). There were 532 housing units at an average density of 459.4 per square mile (177.1/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 29.47% Caucasian, 68.86% African American, 0.33% Native American, 0.17% Asian, 0.33% from other races, and 0.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.67% of the population.

There were 463 households out of which 33.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.1% were married couples living together, 24.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.16.

In the town the population was spread out with 27.4% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 26.9% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.4 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $22,750, and the median income for a family was $29,167. Males had a median income of $25,583 versus $18,828 for females. The per capita income for the town was $11,662. About 23.0% of families and 30.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.4% of those under age 18 and 25.0% of those age 65 or over.