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Monday, 2 December 2013

BERLIN – Heinrich Boere, who
murdered Dutch civilians as part of a Nazi Waffen SS hit squad during
World War II but avoided justice for six decades, died in a prison
hospital while serving a life sentence, German justice officials said
Monday. He was 92.
Boere died Sunday of natural causes in the facility in Froendenberg
where he was being treated for dementia, North Rhine-Westphalia Justice
Ministry spokesman Detlef Feige said. He had been the state's oldest
prisoner.
Boere was on the Simon Wiesenthal Center's list of most-wanted Nazi
war criminals until his arrest in Germany and conviction in 2010 on
three counts of murder.
"Late justice often sends a very powerful message regarding the
importance of Nazi and Holocaust crimes," the center's top Nazi hunter,
Efraim Zuroff, said in a telephone interview from Jerusalem. "It's a
comforting thought to know that Boere ended his life in a prison
hospital rather than as a free man."
During his six-month trial in Aachen, Boere admitted killing three
civilians as a member of the "Silbertanne," or "Silver Fir," hit squad
-- a unit of largely Dutch SS volunteers responsible for reprisal
killings of countrymen who were considered anti-Nazi.
He sat through the proceedings in a wheelchair and was regularly
monitored by a doctor. He spoke little, but told the court in a written
statement he had no choice but to obey orders to carry out the killings.
"As a simple soldier, I learned to carry out orders," Boere
testified. "And I knew that if I didn't carry out my orders I would be
breaking my oath and would be shot myself."
But the presiding judge said there was no evidence Boere ever even
tried to question his orders, and characterized the murders as hit-style
slayings, with Boere and his accomplices dressed in civilian clothes
and surprising their victims at their homes or places of work late at
night or early in the morning.
"These were murders that could hardly be outdone in terms of baseness
and cowardice -- beyond the respectability of any soldier," the judge
said in his ruling. "The victims had no real chance."
Boere remained unapologetic to the end for his actions, saying that
he had been proud to volunteer for the SS, and that times were different
then.
Born to a Dutch father and German mother in Eschweiler, Germany -- on
the outskirts of Aachen -- Boere moved to the Netherlands when he was
an infant.
In testimony during his trial, Boere said he remembered his mother
waking him up the night in 1940 that Germany invaded the Netherlands and
seeing Stuka dive-bombers overhead. Instead of fearing the German
bombs, he said his family was elated as the attack unfolded."(My mother) said `they're coming' now things will be better," he told the court, before later adding: "It was better."After the Germans had overrun his hometown of Maastricht and the rest
of the Netherlands, the 18-year-old Boere saw a recruiting poster for
the Waffen SS, signed by Heinrich Himmler. It offered German citizenship
after two years of service and the possibility of becoming a policeman
after that.He showed up with 100 other Dutchmen at the recruitment office and was one of 15 chosen."I was very proud," Boere told the court.
After fighting on the Russian front, Boere ended up back in the Netherlands as part of the "Silbertanne" hit squad.
According to statements Boere made to Dutch authorities after the
war, he and a fellow SS man were given a list of names slated for
"retaliatory measures."
Boere killed pharmacist Fritz Hubert Ernst Bicknese with a pistol in
his pharmacy, then he and the accomplice killed bicycle-shop owner Teun
de Groot when he answered the doorbell at his home.
They forced the third victim, Franz Wilhelm Kusters, into their car,
drove him to another town, stopped on the pretense of having a flat tire
and shot him.
"Kusters fell against the garden door ... and sank to the ground," Boere told investigators. "Blood shot out of Kusters' neck."
After the war, Boere managed to escape the prisoner-of-war camp where
he was being held in the Netherlands and eventually return to Germany.
He was sentenced to death in the Netherlands in 1949 -- later
commuted to life imprisonment -- but the case always seemed to fall
through the legal cracks.
The Netherlands sought Boere's extradition, but a German court in
1983 refused on the grounds that he might have German citizenship, and
Germany at the time had no provision to extradite its own nationals.
A state court in Aachen ruled in 2007 that Boere could legally serve
his Dutch sentence in Germany, but an appeals court in Cologne
overturned the ruling, calling the 1949 conviction invalid because Boere
was not there to present a defense.
It was after the appeals ruling that a prosecutor in Dortmund quietly
reopened the case, beginning from scratch and charging Boere with the
three murders in 2008.
During his trial, Boere told the court he was aware of the
possibility he would be pursued by authorities, so much so that he never
married.
"I always had to consider that my past might catch up with me," he said. "I didn't want to inflict that upon a woman."