Women in revolutions

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Transcript of Women in revolutions

WHY do women participate?Gender DimensionsWomen in revolutionsZapatista Case StudyMaoist Case StudyWhat do women gain from participating in revolutions that have an egalitarian society as their goal? 'Woman-in-the- family' or patriarchal model of revolution 'Women's emancipation' or modernizing modelPersonal ReflectionsWhat do they want or hope to improve?ConclusionHow do they participate?Why do women participate?What challenges they face?Revolutions classified in terms of gender outcomesValentine N. Moghadam

1) Under official nationalism to represent homogeneity

2) Cultural transmitters

3) War rapeWomen’s bodies drawn in three ways:Practical InterestsStrategic InterestsMolyneux and Moser"Poor women do not only fight for 'survival', in their struggle over needs, they also shift prevailing understandings of gender and development as they collectively resist the forms of power that are present in patriarchy and the development establishment"

Escobar and AlvarezLocationWho are they?What do they want?Land, Equality, Social justice, Democracy, Freedom, Indigenous rights, Food, Shelter, Autonomy, Control of natural resourcesDenounce the situation lived by indigenous communities

Zapatista'sPublic appareance1995-2000'Low intensity'war1996San Andres PeaceAgreementsExtension to Women's Revolutionary Law20012007/20082012Present their demands at the Mexican National Congress

Presentation of Revolutionary Law for WomenFirst Encounter of Zapatista womenZapatista Silent RisingWhy the limited outcome for Zapatista women?“Even though Zapatista women have had a fundamental role in the resistance…respect for their rights is still, in some cases, just a declaration on paper.”"When women presented their law to the Clandestine Revolutionary Indigenous Committee (CCRI), some men cheered loudly that the law was written in Spanish, so their women would not understand it"Sub comandante Marcos 1995 quoted by Jules Falquet 1999Sub-comandante MarcosRevolutionary Law for WomenLocationWho are they?Far-left Communist political party and its military capacity (People’s Liberation Army: PLA)

Widely supported by marginalised ethnic, caste groupWhat do they want?Maoist Women!ParticipationOfficial figure is 32,25030% to 40 % are women.Interests, why did women participate?AchievementsWhy the limited outcome for Maoist women?ConclusionsSubordination of women’s interests and gender interests to “broader” or “basic” goals of emancipation

Changes to laws, policies and social and cultural norms

Collectivizing and Consciousness-raisingBibliography

Kadka, S. (2012) 'Female Combatants and Ex-combatants in Maoist Revolution and Their Struggle for Reintegration in Post-war, Nepal', MA. University of Tromsø. Available from: http://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/3980/thesis.pdf?sequence=2 (accessed 15 April 2013)

Nepal, Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 (15 January2007), Available from: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46badd3b2.html (accessed 7 April 2013)KathmanduSocial ChangeForced RecruitmentWomen'sEmancipation& Gender EqualityTake Revenge with State Security ForceTo change existing discriminative social and political system of the nation'One Family, One Person'Legal RightsPolitical representationConscientization across the country Sahm Janagharti, a leading member of the All Nepal Women's Association (Revolutionary)Limited Representationin Maoist party-levelTransformation of Patriarchy?"When male and female discharged combatants return to the civil society, they are not welcomed in the same way. While men are perceived to have strengthened their gender role through military life and are considered even more masculine than before, female fighters are increasingly marginalized."SpaceWho set the agenda?Male-dominated in Military structure