systematically excluded exculpatory evidence from the grand jury, and gave it instructions on the law that were patently erroneous and possibly intentionally misleading . . . . IC conducted the grand jury proceedings in the presence of unauthorized individuals in violation of Rule 6(d) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and, among other violations, apparently deliberately created an atmosphere where the grand jurors thought they were undertaking a joint effort with the IC against the defendant, rather than serving as a bulwark against prosecutorial overreaching. . . .

Def's Motion at 3.

These exaggerated statements are made in total disregard of the careful instructions and monitoring of the grand jury throughout its proceedings by the Chief Judge of this Court. Moreover, the statements concerning what occurred before the grand jury are largely based on inferences reached by Counsel without any knowledge of what actually took place. Indeed, North finds it appropriate to assert prosecutorial misconduct in the harshest terms based solely on his self-serving suspicions. This is not the mark of responsible advocacy.

A few examples will illustrate. The central theme of this motion is the claim that Mr. Walsh failed to present exculpatory evidence to the grand jury. Yet, contrary to counsel's suggestion, Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 10 L. Ed. 2d 215, 83 S. Ct. 1194 (1963), does not require that all exculpatory evidence be presented to the grand jury, and neither does the Fifth Amendment. A grand jury proceeding is not a trial and possibly exculpatory evidence is only of legal consequence in this context if it is of such quality that the prosecutor has good reason to believe it could lead the jury not to indict. In such a case some federal courts have held that the prosecutor should present this evidence to the grand jury. United States v. Ciambrone, 601 F.2d 616 (2d Cir. 1979);
*fn1"
United States v. Page, 808 F.2d 723, 727-728 (10th Cir. 1987); Gray v. Bell, 542 F. Supp. 927, 931 (D.D.C. 1982), aff'd, 229 U.S. App. D.C. 176, 712 F.2d 490 (D.C.Cir. 1983), cert. denied, 465 U.S. 1100, 80 L. Ed. 2d 125, 104 S. Ct. 1593 (1984).
*fn2"
Not only were some matters North considers vital presented, but other suggested omissions do not anywhere approach the strict Ciambrone standard mentioned above. Their omission certainly does not indicate a deliberate attempt to mislead or a "pattern of misconduct" on the part of the IC, as North suggests.

Secondarily, North excoriates the Independent Counsel, suggesting he failed to inform the grand jury regarding the application of the Boland Amendments. The grand jury did have the Tower Commission report, which addresses aspects of this question (Report of the President's Special Review Board, at C-1, 2) and there is no requirement that the grand jury be instructed on every aspect of the law, as North appears to suggest.

In an effort to bolster his objections to exclusions of exculpatory evidence, North makes much of the fact that the Independent Counsel's disclosures of Brady material make no mention of whether it was presented to the grand jury. North labels this a "systematic failure." However, Independent Counsel need only advise North of the Brady information which has come to his attention in any manner. He is under no order or other legal obligation to advise North whether or not the Brady material was presented to the grand jury.

Similarly, North attacks the prosecutor for not telling him who appeared before the grand jury. Again, there is no requirement that he do so and, indeed, he is prohibited from doing so ...

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