The Child and Family Services Agency ("CFSA") removed eleven-year-old M.F. from the custody of her father, appellant J.F., after a phone call to the CFSA child abuse hotline and a subsequent visit by authorities to M.F.'s home. Two days later the District of Columbia filed a petition in the Superior Court alleging that M.F. was a neglected child. After an evidentiary hearing, Magistrate Judge Tara Fentress found that M.F. was abused and neglected under D.C. Code § 16-2301 (9)(A)(i), (ii), (iii), and (x) (2009 Repl.). Upon review, Associate Judge Odessa Vincent affirmed the decision of the Magistrate Judge. In this appeal from Judge Vincent's final order, J.F. argues (1) that the evidence was insufficient to support the adjudications of neglect; (2) that the court erred by failing to compel the District of Columbia to provide J.F. with a copy of a taped interview with M.F.; and (3) that the court erred when it denied visitation rights to J.F. We find no error and affirm the judgment in all respects.

I

At the neglect hearing before the Magistrate Judge, five witnesses
testified for the District of Columbia: Dr. Allison Jackson, a
pediatric physician who conducted a physical examination of M.F.; Dr.
Jennifer Carter, a psychologist who performed an evaluation of M.F.
pursuant to a court order; Kamilah Oliphant, a CFSA social
worker who visited M.F. at her father's apartment in response to the
child abuse hotline call; Tracy Wright, the principal of M.F.'s
elementary school; and M.F.'s biological mother, M.S.*fn1
J.F., the father, did not testify and did not call witnesses
on his behalf. Before any testimony began, J.F. stipulated to the
introduction of drug test results showing that he consistently tested
positive for PCP from April to June 2007.*fn2

Ms. Oliphant, the CFSA social worker, testified that she visited J.F.'s home with two police officers at 3:00 a.m. on March 15, 2007, after the CFSA child abuse hotline had received a telephone call alleging that J.F. was abusing M.F. She saw that the apartment had no furniture except for a box spring in J.F.'s bedroom, and she noted that music was playing loudly. M.F., who was awake when she arrived, told Ms. Oliphant that she was returning to her room from her father's bedroom because he had awakened her to come and sleep with him. M.F. said that this was a regular occurrence and would cause her to be tardy or absent from school. Ms. Oliphant observed that M.F. was using a hall closet as her bedroom, with a sheet on the floor for sleeping and shelves above her head where M.F. stored her belongings. When she interviewed M.F. alone, M.F. told her that J.F. had slapped her and had touched her on her breast and vaginal area in the past. M.F. also told Ms. Oliphant that she had witnessed her father using drugs, that she could smell the drugs on him, and that she had awakened with J.F. on top of her without any clothes on, smelling of drugs. M.F. said that the drugs she saw were "the thing that is put into dead people," and alternately called it "water" and "boat." Ms. Oliphant then interviewed J.F., who denied the abuse allegations. Nevertheless, as a result of the visit, M.F. was removed from J.F.'s home.*fn3

Dr. Allison Jackson, a pediatrician, examined M.F. after CFSA personnel brought her in for an evaluation in April of 2007. Dr. Jackson testified that M.F. had a "very sad appearance" during the medical examination, and that she made minimal eye contact and had "no inflection in her voice, no animation."*fn4 While Dr. Jackson was taking M.F.'s medical history, M.F. told her that her father had "touched her with his hands underneath her clothes on her private part," and that these incidents "started happening when she was six years old and that the last time was February of this year." Dr. Jackson also testified that M.F. had a "normal anogenital exam," but that this was not inconsistent with M.F.'s allegations of abuse.

Tracy Wright, the principal of M.F.'s school, testified that after M.F. was enrolled in school by her father, her attendance was poor; she would "miss a couple of days during the week. She was tardy sometimes." On one occasion M.F. missed an entire week of school because, according to J.F., he and his ex-wife were in California filming an episode of a television show called "Divorce Court," and M.F. "didn't have anyone to watch her or to bring her to school, so she stayed home." When another absence occurred, Ms. Wright testified, J.F. explained that M.F. "had to get her hair done." Finally, Ms. Wright said that after M.F. was removed from her father's home, she improved academically*fn5 and had fewer disciplinary problems: "No detention, no suspensions. So she's been doing well."

Dr. Jennifer Carter, a psychologist, conducted a psychological evaluation of M.F., pursuant to a court order, to determine whether M.F. could deal with testifying in court. Before the hearing began, counsel for J.F. made an oral motion to exclude Dr. Carter's psychological report and her testimony because both contained hearsay statements by M.F. The court denied the motion, stating, "This is the type of testimony that would definitely come in." Counsel for J.F. also noted a continuing objection to Dr. Carter's testimony during the hearing, relying on the same grounds as argued in the previous motion, but the court overruled the objection.

Dr. Carter testified that M.F. told her that she "had seen her father use illegal drugs, and that he acted differently and talked differently in her opinion when he used drugs." Dr. Carter also recounted some of M.F.'s statements that her father had abused her, and that he had "smashed [her] up against the wall" and slapped her.

When M.F. said that her father had touched her, Dr. Carter asked whether she was penetrated vaginally and anally, and M.F. said, "Yes." M.F. also told the doctor that "she was fearful if she saw her father again, that he would hit her because she had told about the abuse." M.F. added that her father had threatened to kill himself if she told, and that he would go to jail and she would go to a foster home if she disclosed the abuse. Dr. Carter concluded that M.F. would be "retraumatized" if she had to testify in open court and face her abuser. She determined that M.F. should not have contact with her father, and that if she needed to testify in court, "it should be under a closed circuit situation." When asked for a diagnosis, Dr. Carter said that M.F. was suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, and physical and sexual abuse. At the conclusion of her testimony, the court admitted Dr. Carter's written psychological report into evidence.

A short time after the hearing was completed, the Magistrate Judge issued a detailed order containing findings of fact and conclusions of law. She ruled that the statements made to Dr. Carter and Dr. Jackson by M.F. were admissible as statements made for the purpose of a medical diagnosis. The judge found that J.F. both physically and sexually abused M.F. Citing Ms. Wright's testimony, she found that M.F.'s performance in school improved after she was removed from her father's home. The judge credited Dr. Carter's testimony and found that M.F. was fearful of her father, that she had been abused by her father, and that she had seen her father use drugs. The judge also credited Ms. Oliphant's testimony that M.F. had been abused by her father, that her father would summon her to his bed in the middle of the night, and that M.F. was depressed and despondent. "Based on the testimony of Dr. Carter, Dr. Jackson, and Ms. Oliphant, [the judge found] that [M.F.'s] statements regarding both physical and sexual abuse by her father, [J.F.], are consistent and credible."*fn6 The judge concluded that the District had established by a preponderance of the evidence that M.F. was a neglected child as defined in D.C. Code § 16-2301 (9)(A)(i), (ii), (iii), and (x).*fn7

J.F. filed a motion for review of the Magistrate Judge's order.*fn8 Thereafter Judge Vincent of the Superior Court issued an order affirming the decision of the Magistrate Judge. Judge Vincent concluded that the District had established by a preponderance of the evidence that M.F. was a neglected child under D.C. Code § 16-2301 (9)(A)(i), (ii), (iii), and (x). The judge stated that J.F.'s continued use of drugs, which caused M.F. to be regularly exposed to her father's illegal drug activity, as well as J.F.'s acts of striking M.F. in the face, lying on ...

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