The organism most frequently responsible for acute bacterial endocarditis is

staphylococcus aureus

Acute infective endocarditis of which valve is most likely to be associated with sudden death?

Aortic

What predisposes one to the development of subacute endocarditis

congenital valve deformities, rheumatic heart disease

The most frequent cause of mitral stenosis is

rheumatic heart disease

Myocarditis is most frequently caused by

viruses

Systemic arterial hypertension leads to

left ventricular hypertrophy

Cardiac tamponade is best defined as

Cardiac compression due to fluid in the pericardium

A dissecting aortic aneurysm most commonly begins in the

ascending aorta

Aneurysms of the aortic arch are most commonly caused by

syphilis

In general the most serious and destructive aspect of rheumatic fever is a result of

Fibrinous pericarditis

Bacterial endocarditis is associated with

septic embolization

Cardiogenic shock is a result of

acute myocardial infarction

The most common site of cardiac infarct is

left ventricle

The basic lesion of atherosclerosis is

Fibrofatty plaques in large and meduim size muscular arteries and elstic arteries

The most common congenital cardiac anomaly is

ventricular septal defect

The most common location of acute myocardial infarction is

anterior portion of IVS and LV Wall

Which category of heart disease is responsible for the greatest number of deaths in the US

Atherosclerotic

Complications of myocardial infarction might include

Hypertension, Rupture of LV wall

These issues may result in left ventricular hypertrophy

Aortic stenosis, Coarctation of the aorta, systemic hypertension

Ischemic heart disease is caused by

decreased coronary artery blood flow

Mitral stenosis frequently occurs from

hypertension

What are the risk factors for developing atherosclerosis?

Hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellutus

What is the most common cause of right heart failure

Left heart failure

T or F In the aorta, atheromatous plaques are most common in the thoracic aorts just above the aortic valve

False

Longstanding pure mitral stenosis may cause

Dialation and hypertrophy of left atrium, pulmonary venous hypertension, thrombus in left atrium

Fibrinous pericarditis wil NOT usually lead to symptoms of

angina

In post myocardial infarction the what blood levels would be elevated

CPK

57 year old African American woman presents to the ER with complaints of intermittent fever, she has been told she has a heart murmer, the present murmur is different in character and intesity from the last. In addition subungual petechial hemorrhages are noted. The most likely diagnosis would be

Hypertensive heart disease

Cardiogenic shock would most likely result from

Acute myocardial infarction

Clinical symptoms related to low cardiac output are

dialated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Elevated serum levels of what are associated with the development of atherosclerosis

Beta lipoproteins, Low density lipoproteins, pre-beta lipoproteins

Over time the condition that is least likely to cause cor-pulmonae is

left heart failure

Most typers of vasculitis are thought to be induced by

infectios agents

One effect of left sided heart failure is

Pulmonary congestion and edema

The most common form of hypertension is known as

Essential

Spontaneous (non traumatic) hemorrhages of the CNS are most often due to

Hypertension

A malignant tumor arising from connective tissue would be called a

fibrosarcoma

What would indicate a neoplasm is growing rapidly

hemorrhage, necrosis

Anti-oncogenes represent

normal genes that prevent neoplasia

Benign tumors are

usually slow growing, grow by expansion and compression of surrounding tissues

Lymphoma is benign or malignant?

malignant

Leiomysarcoma is a

primary malignant neoplasm

Hamartoma is

not considered a true neoplasm

The best method to determine the malignancy of a neoplasm is by

nuclear morphology

Evidence of radid tumor growth includes

Hemorrhage, necrosis

Benign tumors cannot

metastasize

A benign tumor of epithelial origin which forms cystic spaces and glandular structires would be called