typhoid vaccine

vaccine

a suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, or rickettsiae), administered for prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious diseases.

anthrax vaccine a cell-free protein extract of cultures of Bacillus anthracis, used for immunization against anthrax.

attenuated vaccine a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms or viruses cultured under adverse conditions, leading to loss of their virulence but retention of their ability to induce protective immunity.

autogenous vaccine a vaccine prepared from microorganisms which have been freshly isolated from the lesion of the patient who is to be treated with it.

bacterial vaccine a preparation of killed or attenuated bacteria used as an active immunizing agent.

diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine DTP vaccine: a combination of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine; administered intramuscularly for simultaneous immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough. When the pertussis vaccine is an acellular form, the combination may be abbreviated DTaP.

Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine (HbCV) a preparation of Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide covalently bound to diphtheria toxoid or to a specific diphtheria protein, meningococcal protein, or tetanus protein; it stimulates both B and T lymphocyte responses and is much more immunogenic than the polysaccharide vaccine. Administered intramuscularly as a routine immunizing agent in infants and young children.

Haemophilus b polysaccharide vaccine (HbPV) a preparation of highly purified capsular polysaccharide derived from Haemophilus influenzae type b, which stimulates an immune response in B lymphocytes only; administered intramuscularly or subcutaneously as an immunizing agent in children ages 18 months to 5 years.

pertussis vaccine a preparation of killed Bordetella pertussis bacilli (whole-cell vaccine) or of purified antigenic components thereof (acellular vaccine), used to immunize against pertussis; generally used in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP or DTaP).

pneumococcal heptavalent conjugate vaccine a preparation of capsular polysaccharides from the seven serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae most commonly isolated from children 6 years of age or younger, coupled to a nontoxic variant of diphtheria toxin; used as an active immunizing agent for infants and children at risk for pneumococcal disease, administered intramuscularly.

pneumococcal vaccine polyvalent a preparation of purified capsular polysaccharides from the 23 serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing the majority of pneumococcal disease; used as an active immunizing agent in persons over 2 years of age, administered intramuscularly.

poliovirus vaccine inactivated (IPV) a preparation of killed polioviruses of three types, given in a series of intramuscular or subcutaneous injections to immunize against poliomyelitis. It does not induce intestinal immunity and so is not effective for poliovirus eradication in areas where wild-type polioviruses still exist in large numbers. However, it does not cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and so is preferred for routine immunization in areas where the risk of infection by a wild-type poliovirus is very low, as in the United States. Called also Salk vaccine.

poliovirus vaccine live oral (OPV) an oral vaccine against poliomyelitis consisting of three types of live, attenuated polioviruses. It is given orally, often on a sugar cube, and so is convenient for administration to children and large groups of people. It induces both humoral and intestinal immunity, so is useful for immunization and poliomyelitis eradication in areas where wild-type polioviruses have not been eradicated. However, it can cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in persons newly vaccinated with it and their contacts, which is considered an unjustifiable risk in countries such as the United States, where the risk of exposure to wild-type polioviruses is very low. Thus, for routine immunization in the United States, it has been superseded by poliovirus vaccine inactivated. Called also Sabin vaccine.

polyvalent vaccine a vaccine prepared from cultures or antigens of more than one strain or species.

subunit vaccine a vaccine produced from specific protein subunits of a virus and thus having less risk of adverse reactions than whole virus vaccines.

typhoid vaccine any of several preparations of Salmonella typhi used for immunization against typhoid fever, including a parenteral heat- and phenol-inactivated bacteria vaccine, an oral live vaccine prepared from the attenuated strain Ty21a, and a parenteral vaccine prepared from typhoid Vi capsular polysaccharide.

yellow fever vaccine a preparation of attenuated yellow fever virus, used to immunize against yellow fever.

ty·phoid vac·cine

a suspension of Salmonella typhi inactivated either by heat or by chemical (acetone) with an added preservative; in the U.S., the combined typhoid and paratyphoid A and B vaccines have been largely replaced by the monovalent typhoid vaccine because of the lack of evidence of effectiveness of paratyphoid A and paratyphoid B ingredients.

typhoid vaccine

a bacterial vaccine prepared from an inactivated dried strain of Salmonella typhi.

indication It is prescribed for primary immunization against typhoid fever for adults and children. According to the National Institute of Health, routine typhoid vaccination is not recommended in the United States. It is only recommended for those who are traveling to areas outside of the U.S. to areas where typhoid is common.

contraindications Acute infection or concomitant use of corticosteroids prohibits its use.

adverse effects Among the more serious adverse effects are anaphylaxis and pain and inflammation at the site of injection.

ty·phoid vac·cine

(tī'foyd vak-sēn')

Suspension of Salmonella typhi inactivated either by heat or by chemical (acetone) with an added preservative.

has obtained a Commercial Evaluation License from NIH (National Institutes of Health) for evaluating a novel polysaccharide technology discovered at NIH for developing a typhoid vaccine with DelSite's GelSite(R) polymer.

today announced the commencement of dosing of volunteer subjects in a clinical study in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the company's next generation single dose oral typhoid vaccine.

NASDAQ: AVAN) announced today it has been awarded a Phase I Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant to support further preclinical development of Ty800, the company's single dose, oral typhoid vaccine.

5, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- The Coalition against Typhoid(CaT), an initiative of the Sabin Vaccine Institute, will convene scientists, researchers and biotech experts this week at the Vaccines for Enteric Diseases (VED) Conference to discuss how a highly anticipated conjugate typhoid vaccine could expedite global efforts to help prevent this disease.

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