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Large amount of cholesterol is excreted as bile acids into duodenum. However most of this bile acid is reabsorbed back to the liver through enterohepatic circulation. Bile acid sequestering drugs such as colestipol form complex with bile acids and inhibit

Volume of distribution measure the ability of various drugs with different sizes and charges to distribute through body fluids. Apparent volume of distribution Vd is calculated by dividing the amount of the drug administered on the plasma concentration of

The inactive coagulation factors X, IX, VII and II is carboxylated to their active forms. Reduced vitamin K works as cofactor for this reaction. The oxidized vitamin K is returned back into its reduced form with help of NADPH. Warfarin inhibit the reduct

Competitive antagonists bind to receptors without producing biological effects. Increasing the concentration of agonists will reverse the effect of competitive antagonists. In contrast the effect of noncompetitive antagonists cannot be reversed by agonist

Pharmacology animation book might not be the first pharmacological animation work but it is surely the first comprehensive project that cover all important pharmacological systems. It is free and equipped with easily navigating system that allow effective search of the website.

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Pharmacology animation book is a website that provides free animation videos for almost all important pharmacological subjects. It is arranged in units of major pharmacological systems starting with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and proceeding through central and peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, blood and hyperlipidemia, endocrine, cancer and immunity and other miscellaneous topics. It is equipped with easily navigated system that allow the visitors to travel easily between different units and systems.