The protest in Yangon comes as Myanmar finds itself under increasing scrutiny over its treatment of the Rohingya minority

YANGON—More than three hundred people, including dozens of monks, took to the streets of Yangon Wednesday to protest growing international pressure on Myanmar to improve the way it treats the stateless Rohingya minority at the center of Southeast Asia’s migrant crisis.

The protest—vociferous though small—illustrates a swelling backlash among some Burmese against what they view as foreign meddling in the country’s affairs in the...