Multidisciplinary evidence from South-East Europe

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This interdisciplinary book brings an empirical evidence that social capital is an important building block in the reintegration processes, migration challenges and economic dynamism of the SEE communities. Such a conclusion opposes the common belief that (re)establishing social relations in a post-ethnic conflict environment is difficult, or sometimes even impossible. These are indeed societies where trust in people and institutions remains low, but it is often replaced with other forms of social capital emerging on a daily basis, within and between different population strata, either formally but often informally.

Most people who know the region are aware that formal and state institutions in South-East Europe enjoy very low levels of trust. Nearly everybody loves to point to ethnicity as the causal factor behind every difficulty. The authors of this groundbreaking study explore two basic questions: how do people meet their needs and the needs of others when official institutions do not function? And how do members of different ethnic groups experience the role of others and cross symbolic boundaries? The answers, constructed out of empirical evidence using a variety of methods, point to the crucial importance of social capital as an everyday resource, and to the essential role of ethnic, national, and religious diversity in enhancing people's life chances in an unstable environment.

Eric Gordy, Professor of Cultural and Political Sociology, University College London

Since Mark Granovetter many of us know that both over-socialised (macro) level, and under-socialised (narrowly individualist) representations of social world may lead to counter-effective policies. We need to focus on the meso level, where social cooperation is the most real and the most productive. That leads us to the concept of social capital. This is something the authors of this book understand very well. Moreover, applying it, they are able to shed light on human behaviour in the context of the two key phenomena of present day Europe: migration and capacity for self-help during the crises. Great research questions and contribution.

Tomasz Mickiewicz, Professor at Aston University and Honorary Research Fellow at University College London

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ADNAN EFENDIC

Ethnic Diversity and Economic Performance of Individuals and Households in a Postconflict Environment – Evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Introduction

Efendic et al. (2015) found that ethnic diversity in the postconflict environment of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) is beneficial for young businesses. Young companies (entrepreneurs) in local areas that are ethnically diverse have systematically higher growth aspirations in comparison with ethnically homogenous areas. These results are important when seen in the context of the cross-country economic literature, as the latter suggests that ethnic heterogeneity may be associated with negative economic outcomes (e.g. Easterly and Levine, 1997; Collier, 1998; Easterly, 2001; Patsiurko et al., 2012). Motivated by this research and a growing body of literature that investigates the effect of ethnic diversity in economics (also presented in Chapter 2), we conducted a new survey in the household sector of BiH to investigate whether ethnic diversity of the neighbouring area is associated with individual and household economic performance. While the existing literature primarily explores, directly or indirectly, diversity caused by immigration, our sample is uniquely different. We investigate a country that has been ethnically diverse over centuries and is, hence, an authentically diverse area. Two decades ago, this ethnically heterogeneous composition changed as a result of the Bosnian war (1992–1995). The economic consequences of the subsequent change towards ethnic homogeneity in some areas on individuals and families remains unknown.

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