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Cryptography

Cryptography is the art and science of secret writing and keeping information secret. Cryptography has become one of the main tools for ensuring privacy, trust, access control, electronic payments, corporate security and countless other fields. There are two main encryption methods :

(1) Secret key or symmetric cryptography.

(2) Public key or asymmetric cryptography.

Symmetric cryptography uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt the message. Therefore, the sender and the recipient of a message must share a secret key. A well known secret-key cryptography algorithm is the Data Encryption Standard (DES) which is used by financial institutions to encrypt 'PINs' (Personal Identification Numbers).

Public Key Cryptography:
It uses two keys : One to encrypt the message and the other key to decrypt the message. The two keys are mathematically related so that data encrypted with either key can only be decrypted using the other. Each user has two keys ; a public key and a private key. The user distributes the public key. The user and anyone receiving the public key can be assured that data encrypted with the public key and sent to the user can only be decrypted when the user uses the private key.