The early applications of obstetric ultrasound were initiated by
a. Joseph Holmes
b. Ian Donald
c. John Howry
d. William Fry

Visualization of the cardiac structures in the heart was discovered by
a. Joseph Holmes
b. Ian Donald
c. Hertz and Edler
d. George Ludwig

Which one of the following statements about the role of sonographers is false?
a.Sonographers perform ultrasound studies and
gather diagnostic data independent of the
physician
b.Sonographers must possess intellectual
curiosity and perseverance
c. Sonographers must have a technical aptitude
d. Sonographers must be able to communicate
on different levels

The angle of reflection is equal to the
a. Acoustic impedance
b. Angle of incidence
c. Refraction
d. Image resolution

The display mode that shows time along the horizontal axis and depth along the vertical axis is
a. A mode
b. B mode
c. M mode
d. Real time

An example of subjective data in a health history is
a. The physician notes bruising on the middle back
b. The patient states he has back pain
c. X-ray examinations show calcification in the
pancreatic area
d. Magnetic resonance imaging shows
calcification in the pancreas

Which one of the following statements is inappropriate for the patient interview process
a. Assure the patient that the information will be
confidential
b. Be sure the patient understands English
c. Explain how the patient will receive information
about the results of the examination
d. Always use the patient's first name to establish
a friendly relationship

d. Always use the patient's first name to establish a friendly relationship

Risk factors for aneurysm include all of the following except
a. Smoking
b. Family history
c. COPD
d. Diabetes

Blood escapes through a hole in the intima of the vessel wall but is contained by the deeper layers of the aorta or by the adjacent tissue is called
a. Aneurysm
b. Pseudoaneurysm
c. AV fistula
d. Paraaortic nodes

To control the growth in an abdominal aorta, one must control what
a. Temperature
b. Blood pressure
c. Oxygen levels
d. Red blood cells

A sudden drop in hematocrit may be a sign of what
a. Budd Chiari
b. Aortic rupture
c. Paraaortic nodes
d. Necrosis

If you see an aneurysm in the aorta, the minimum measurements you will take in a sagittal plane will be what
a. Single level, one proximal, one mid, one distal,
each iliac
b. Proximal, mid, distal, iliacs, and one at the
aneurysm
c. Proximal, mid, distal, before aneurysm, max
aneurysm, below aneurysm and iliacs
d. Single level max aortic size

One can image all of the following in a case of end stage liver disease except
a. Ascites
b. Small atrophied liver
c. Biliary dilation
d. Portal hypertension
e. Echogenic nodular liver

A 50 year old female with a long history of alcoholism presents with increased abdominal girth. A sonogram of the abdomen is performed and the most probable finding is
a. Liver metastases
b. Massive ascites with a small echogenic liver
c. Hepatoma
d. Gallstones with a mass in the lumen of the
gallbladder
e. Dilated intrahepatic biliary ducts

A patient presents with a dilated interhapatic duct, dilated gallbladder, and dilated common bile duct. Identify the level of obstruction this is most characteristic of
a. Proximal common bile duct
b. Distal common bile duct
c. Distal common hepatic duct
d. Cystic duct
e. Neck of the gallbladder

A fold at the fundal portion of the gallbladder is usually called
a. Hartman's pouch
b. Juncitonal fold
c. Valves of Heister
d. Phrygian cap
e. Pouch of Douglas

A patient presents with empyema of the gallbladder, the sonographer should expect to find
a. Pus within the gallbladder
b. Common bile duct obstruction
c. Stones within the gallbladder
d. Abscess surrounding the gallbladder
e. Duplication of the gallbladder

A 42 year old female presents postcholecystectomy with RUQ pain, elevated serum bilirubin, and bilirubin in her urine. This is best characteristic of
a. Hepatitis
b. Stone, tumor, or stricture causing obstruction
of the bile duct
c. Small common duct stone less than 5mm in
diameter
d. Alkaline phosphatase will be normal
e. Pancreatic pseudocyst

Hydrops of the gallbladder is
a. A small contracted gallbladder
b. A gallbladder with a thicken wall
c. A thick wall gallbladder filled with stones
d. Congenital duplication of the gallbladder
e. An enlarged gallbladder

A six year old child presents with recurrent fever, RUQ pain, and jaundice. An abdominal sonogram is performed. The liver and gallbladder appear normal but a 2cm cyst is seen communicating with the CBD. This cystic structure most likely represents
a. A Choledochal cyst
b. A pseudocyst
c. An aortic aneurysm
d. A mucocele
e. Hydatid cyst

In comparison to the normal adult, the pancreas in children will be relatively
a. More echogenic
b. Less echogenic
c. The same echogenicity
d. Larger and less echogenic
e. Complex

An abdominal sonogram is performed and there is a suggestion of a mass in the head of the pancreas. Identify the other structures that should be evaluated
a. The biliary system and gallbladder to evaluate
biliary obstruction
b. The hepatic artery and splenic artery to
document dilatation
c. The kidneys to evaluate renal obstruction
d. Liver to evaluate focal masses
e. Spleen to document size

A patient with painless jaundice, weight loss, and a decrease in appetite should be evaluated for
a. Cholecystitis
b. Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas
c. Pancreatitis
d. Pancreatic pseudocyst

Clinical signs and symptoms in acute pancreatitis include all of the following except
a. Severe abdominal pain radiating to the back
b. Severe abdominal pain radiating to the right
shoulder
c. Elevated amylase
d. Nausea and vomiting

The head of the pancreas lies
a. Anterior to the liver
b. Posterior to the aorta
c. Medial to the duodenum
d. Lateral to the IVC

The ___ passes through a groove posterior to the pancreatic head
a. Common bile duct
b. Gastroduodenal artery
c. Hepatic duct
d. SMV

The tail of the pancreas is located
a. Posterior to the left kidney, near the splenic
hilum
b. Anterior to the left kidney, near the splenic hilum
c. Posterior to the right kidney, near the liver hilum
d. Anterior to the right kidney, near the liver hilum

Pyonephrosis refers to the presence of
a. Blood in a dilated collecting system
b. Pus in a dilated collected system
c. Urine in a dilated collecting system
d. A perinephric abscess

Hydronephrosis may be best demonstrated sonographically by which one of the following patterns
a. Distorted shape of the kidney outline
b. Multiple cystic masses throughout the renal
parenchyma
c. Fluid-filled pelvocaliceal collecting system
d. Hyperechoic pelvocaliceal collecting system

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease may be characterized by all of the following statements except
a. The disease is latent until the fourth or fifth
decade of life
b. The severity of the disease varies, depending
on the genotype
c. The disease may be associated with cysts in
the liver, pancreas, and spleen
d. The involved kidneys are small and extremely
echogenic

The most common location of renal ectopia is in the
a. Pelvis
b. Intrathoracic
c. Epigastric region
d. Retroperitoneum

Which one of the following disorders does not produce a complex sonographic pattern
a. Infected cyst
b. Hemorrhagic cyst
c. Hematomas
d. Congenital simple cyst

Which one of the following describes a bladder diverticulum
a. Cystic enlargement of the bladder orifice
b. Echogenic mass of the bladder wall
c. Herniation of the bladder wall
d. Focal thickening of the bladder wall

Which one of the following statements about the spleen is false
a. The spleen lies inferior to the diaphragm
b. The normal adult spleen measures
approximately 7cm in width
c. The spleen is located within the retroperitoneum
d. The spleen lies in the posterior to the
hypochondrium

An abnormal decrease in platelets may be the result of a(n)
a. Infection
b. Bone marrow disorder
c. Internal hemorrhage
d. Allergic reaction

Which one of the following statements describes the correct anatomic location f the structures adjacent to the spleen
a. The diaphragm is anterior, lateral, and inferior
to the spleen
b. The fundus of the stomach and lesser sac are
medial and posterior to the splenic hilum
c. The left kidney lies inferior and medial to the
spleen
d. The right adrenal and kidney lie superior to the
spleen