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Darunavir is a nonpeptidic protease inhibitor with a high genetic barrier to resistance that evolved from a prototype compound synthesized using structure-based design strategies. Once-daily darunavir at 800mg boosted with 100mg of ritonavir is an effective antiretroviral agent indicated for HIV-infected treatment-naïve patients. In treatment-experienced patients, darunavir was initially approved for twice-daily administration boosted with twice-daily ritonavir at 600mg and 100mg, respectively. Recently, once-daily darunavir/ritonavir was approved for use in treatment-experienced adult patients with viremia with no darunavir resistance mutations. In treatment-experienced patients with viral suppression, switching from an antiretroviral taken twice-daily to a once-daily dose is an attractive option to promote greater patient acceptability and adherence, and potentially minimize side effects and toxicities. Because of darunavir/ritonavir's high genetic barrier to resistance and well-established safety profile at a once-daily dose, switching patients with virologic suppression from twice-daily darunavir/ritonavir to once-daily darunavir/ritonavir will likely confer attributes more favorable to patients through a simplified dosing schedule and lower potential for lipid elevation without the loss of virologic control. DRIVESHAFT is a 48-week Phase 4, randomized, open label, comparative study. The study will be conducted in 60 HIV-1 infected, antiretroviral experienced, virologically-suppressed patients on regimens containing darunavir 600mg/ ritonavir 100mg twice-daily and a minimum of two other antiretrovirals, with a history of 0-1 darunavir-associated resistance mutations. Subjects will be randomized 1:1 to switch to darunavir 800mg/ ritonavir 100mg once-daily or continue on their current regimen. Rates of virologic suppression of once-daily darunavir/ritonavir regimens relative to darunavir/ritonavir twice-daily regimens will be compared, and safety, change from baseline fasting lipid parameters, and adherence will be evaluated.

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Ages Eligible for Study:

18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

ART-experienced, HIV-1 infected subjects ≥18 years of age.

A female subject is eligible to enter and participate in the study if she:

is of non-childbearing potential defined as either post-menopausal (12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea and ≥45 years of age) or physically incapable of becoming pregnant with documented tubal ligation, hysterectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy or,

is of child-bearing potential, with a negative pregnancy test at both Screen and Day 1 and agrees to one of the following methods of contraception to avoid pregnancy:

Complete abstinence from intercourse from 2 weeks prior to administration of study medications, throughout the study, and for at least 2 weeks after discontinuation of all study medications.

Approved hormonal contraception may be administered with darunavir/ritonavir

Any intrauterine device (IUD) with published data showing that the expected failure rate is <1% per year

Any other method with published data showing that the expected failure rate is <1% per year.

Any contraception method must be used consistently and in accordance with the approved product label. All subjects participating in the study should be counseled on safer sexual practices including the use of effective barrier methods (e.g. male condom/spermicide).

CD4 >50 cells/mm3

HIV-1 RNA concentrations at undetectable levels (according to local assay being used) for at least 12 weeks on stable current regimen

Current regimen includes darunavir/ritonavir 600/100 mg twice-daily plus a minimum of two other antiretrovirals

Negative serum pregnancy test at screening visit

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects meeting any of the following criteria must not be enrolled in the study: