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The technique of transplanting progenitor cells into a region of damaged myocardium, termed cellular cardiomyoplasty, is a potentially new therapeutic modality designed to replace or repair necrotic, scarred, or dysfunctional myocardium. Ideally, graft cells should be readily available, easy to culture to ensure adequate quantities for transplantation, and able to survive in host myocardium; often a hostile environment of limited blood supply and immunorejection. Whether effective cellular regenerative strategies require that administered cells differentiate into adult cardiomyocytes and couple electromechanically with the surrounding myocardium is increasingly controversial, and recent evidence suggests that this may not be required for effective cardiac repair. Most importantly, transplantation of graft cells should improve cardiac function and prevent adverse ventricular remodeling. To date, a number of candidate cells have been transplanted in experimental models, including fetal and neonatal cardiomyocytes, embryonic stem cell-derived myocytes, tissue engineered contractile grafts, skeletal myoblasts, several cell types derived from adult bone marrow, and cardiac precursors residing within the heart itself. There has been substantial clinical development in the use of whole bone marrow and skeletal myoblast preparations in studies enrolling both post-infarction patients, and patients with chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction and heart failure. The effects of bone-marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also been studied clinically.

Currently, bone marrow or bone marrow-derived cells represent highly promising modality for cardiac repair. The totality of evidence from trials investigating autologous whole bone marrow infusions into patients following myocardial infarction supports the safety of this approach. In terms of efficacy, increases in ejection fraction are reported in the majority of the trials.

Chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction resulting from heart disease is a common and problematic condition; definitive therapy in the form of heart transplantation is available to only a tiny minority of eligible patients. Cellular cardiomyoplasty for chronic heart failure has been studied less than for acute MI, but represents a potentially important alternative for this disease.

Participants will receive an injection of 20 million, 100 million or 200 million autologous human mesenchymal stem cells.

Biological: Auto-hMSCs

Biological: Autologous human mesenchymal stem cells (Auto-hMSCs) Participants will receive 40 million cells/mL delivered in either a dose of 0.5 mL per injection x 1 injection for a total of 0.2 x 10^8 (20 million) Auto-hMSCs, a dose of 0.5 mL per injection x 5 injections for a total of 1 x 10^8 (100 million) Auto-hMSCs, or a dose of 0.5 mL per injection x 10 injections for a total of 2 x 10^8 (200 million) Auto-hMSCs. The injections will be administered transendocardially during cardiac catheterization using the Biocardia Helical Infusion Catheter.

Experimental: Allo-hMSCs

Participants will receive an injection of 20 million, 100 million or 200 million allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells.

Biological: Allo-hMSCs

Biological: Allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells (Allo-hMSCs) Participants will receive 40 million cells/mL delivered in either a dose of 0.5 mL per injection x 1 injection for a total of 0.2 x 10^8 (20 million) Allo-hMSCs, a dose of 0.5 mL per injection x 5 injections for a total of 1 x 10^8 (100 million) Allo-hMSCs, or a dose of 0.5 mL per injection x 10 injections for a total of 2 x 10^8 (200 million) Allo-hMSCs. The injections will be administered transendocardially during cardiac catheterization using the Biocardia Helical Infusion Catheter.

Change in Distance Walked in 6-minutes From Baseline. [ Time Frame: 12-months ]

Change in Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Total Score [ Time Frame: 12 months ]

The Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire uses a 6-point, zero to five, Likert scale. The total score is the sum of the 21 responses. The total score is considered the best measure of how heart failure and treatments impact a patients quality of life. The max score is 105, minimum score is 0. A lower score is considered a better quality of life.

Change in New York Heart Association Class at 12-months [ Time Frame: 12 months ]

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Layout table for eligibility information

Ages Eligible for Study:

21 Years to 90 Years (Adult, Older Adult)

Sexes Eligible for Study:

All

Accepts Healthy Volunteers:

No

Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

Diagnosis of chronic ischemic left ventricular dysfunction secondary to MI.

Be a candidate for cardiac catheterization.

Been treated with appropriate maximal medical therapy for heart failure or post-infarction left ventricular dysfunction.

Ejection fraction between 20% and 50%.

Able to perform a metabolic stress test.

Exclusion Criteria:

Baseline glomerular filtration rate <50 ml/min/1.73m2.

Presence of a mechanical aortic valve or heart constrictive device.

Documented presence of aortic stenosis (aortic stenosis graded as ≥+2 equivalent to an orifice area of 1.5cm2 or less).

Evidence of a life-threatening arrhythmia (nonsustained ventricular tachycardia ≥20 consecutive beats or complete heart block) or QTc interval >550 ms on screening ECG. In addition; patients with sustained or a short run of ventricular tachycardia on ECG or 48 hour Ambulatory ECG during the screening period will be removed from the protocol.

Documented unstable angina.

AICD firing in the past 60 days prior to the procedure.

Be eligible for or require coronary artery revascularization.

Have a hematologic abnormality as evidenced by hematocrit < 25%, white blood cell < 2,500/ul or platelet values < 100,000/ul without another explanation.

Have liver dysfunction, as evidenced by enzymes (ALT and AST) greater than three times the ULN.

Have a coagulopathy condition = (INR > 1.3) not due to a reversible cause.

Known, serious radiographic contrast allergy.

Known allergies to penicillin or streptomycin.

Organ transplant recipient.

Clinical history of malignancy within 5 years (i.e., patients with prior malignancy must be disease free for 5 years), except curatively-treated basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or cervical carcinoma.

Non-cardiac condition that limits lifespan to < 1 year.

On chronic therapy with immunosuppressant medication.

Serum positive for HIV, hepatitis BsAg, or hepatitis C.

Female patient who is pregnant, nursing, or of child-bearing potential and not using effective birth control.