WASHINGTON — Negotiations over student loan interest rates continued late Wednesday as a core group of senators – including independent Angus King of Maine – tried to win Democrats’ support for an overhaul of the federal lending program.

Earlier, Democrats fell far short of the 60 votes needed to advance a bill that would have reinstated a 3.4 percent interest rate for subsidized Stafford loans for another year while lawmakers worked on longer-term reforms.

Additional Photos

Maine Sen. Angus King and other senators rush to the floor on Wednesday for a vote to end debate on the Democrats' plan to restore lower interest rates on student loans one week after Congress' inaction caused those rates to double. The Associated Press

Prospective students tour Georgetown University's campus in Washington, Wednesday, July 10, 2013. The defeat of a student loan bill in the Senate on Wednesday clears the way for fresh negotiations to restore lower rates, but lawmakers are racing the clock before millions of students return to campus next month to find borrowing terms twice as high as when school let out. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

Senate Finance Committee Chairman Sen. Max Baucus, D-Mont., left, and Sen. Bill Nelson, D-Fla., right, join other senators in the rush to the Senate floor on Capitol in Washington, Wednesday, July 10, 2013, for a vote to end debate on the Democrats' plan to restore lower interest rates on student loans one week after Congress' inaction caused those rates to double. The White House and most Senate Democrats favored restoring interest rates on subsidized Stafford loans to 3.4 percent for another year, but lawmakers failed to muster the necessary 60 votes to overcome a procedural hurdle. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

Democrats and Republicans agree that the current rate of 6.8 percent, which took effect July 1, is too high. But they disagree on how best to lower the rate.

The rate for unsubsidized Stafford loans remains at 6.8 percent.

While the rate increase affects less than one-third of all student borrowers, it would make those borrowers pay, on average, an additional $2,600 in interest over the life of the loan, according to a recent congressional report.

The failure of the Democrats’ bill appears to open the door for a bipartisan measure to create a system in which interest rates for student loans are tied to market rates, not set by Congress.

The major sticking point for some Democrats is whether to include a cap to prevent rates that critics predicted could climb above 10 percent.

Democratic Sen. Joe Manchin of West Virginia and King, an independent who caucuses with the Democrats, were leading the effort to negotiate a compromise on a cap. The bill was negotiated with several Republicans, who were involved in discussions late Wednesday.

A Senate aide said the framework for a compromise might emerge as early as Thursday. But that means additional votes would be bumped to next week, adding pressure on Congress to address the issue before students get locked into the higher rates for loans for the coming school year.

“We are all working very hard and we are all working in a very constructive way,” Manchin told reporters Wednesday afternoon.

Student loan interest rates are the latest example of Congress’ inability to meet self-imposed deadlines. Lawmakers voted in late June 2012 to extend the 3.4 percent interest rate on subsidized Stafford loans for a year, then failed to agree on how to proceed before rates doubled last week.

Senators on both sides of the student loan issue expressed exasperation Wednesday at the Senate’s failure to address the issue.

“I think the American people are very tired of what happens here and the gamesmanship played in Washington,” said Sen. Kelly Ayotte, R-N.H.

Democrats who back the one-year extension have said Congress must take a broader look at the rising cost of college, in addition to student loan interest rates.

They say the coming reauthorization of a higher-education policy bill will allow that discussion.

But the authors of the bipartisan bill have said that another year is unnecessary, and that their plan would lower rates for all borrowers.

The rate would be locked in for the life of a particular loan, although rates for subsequent loans would likely vary.

Critics said that the bill, without a cap, could allow rates to climb too high for students.

Democrat Sen. Tom Harkin of Iowa, who chairs the Senate committee that oversees education, noted that the 10-year Treasury rates climbed above the current 8.25 percent cap five times in the 1990s.

King said Wednesday afternoon that he and Manchin were crunching numbers to come up with a workable compromise on a rate cap. The challenge, King said, is to make the program pay for itself without overcharging students.

Many Senate Republicans appear willing to consider the bipartisan plan. Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, added her support to the bill on Wednesday and voted with her Republican colleagues against the Democratic measure.

Any compromise that emerges will have to pass muster with Democrats, who control the majority of seats in the Senate.

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