8 Sources Visible fats:purchased and used as fats like butter and oilsInvisible fats: found in other foods, meat, fried foods, pastries

9 Classification of fatsMost lipids in the body are triglycerides.These are in body cells and circulate in the bloodYou can test these levels in the blood to let you know if you need to cut back on the fat in your dietStill not sure what a triglyceride is? 

10 What is a Triglyceride exactly?3 fatty acids attached to a framework of glycerol…chemistryThese are mostly lipids in the blood

11 Triglycerides This is the chemical name for fatsTriglycerides are the primary form of fat in foodTriglycerides combine with glycerol to supply energy to the bodyTriglycerides allow fat soluble vitamins to be transportedTriglycerides end up forming into adipose tisse that protects the body

12 Fatty AcidsThis is what “fat” breaks down into in order to be able to be digestedWe can get essential fatty acids in our diet.

14 Essential Fatty AcidsEFA’s are fatty acids that our body cannot make by itselfWe obtain them through dietThey are essential to the body and it is essential that you get them through your diet

15 Linoleic acidIs one of three fatty acids essential for humans found in our dietLinoleic acid is found in safflower, corn and sunflower oils (polyunsaturated veg.oils)

16 Saturated fatsHas to do with how many hydrogen atoms each carbon atom carries…. chemistryAnimal foods, chocolate and coconut contain more saturated fatty acids than unsaturated.

17 Saturated fatsFoods containing a high proportion of saturated fats are usually solid at room tempThese are responsible for atherosclerosis or plaque in the arteries

18 MonounsaturatedOne place among the carbon atoms where there are fewer H atoms attached…chemistryExamples are avacado, cashews, olive oil, peanut oil

19 Polyunsaturated2 or more places where the carbon atom has fewer H atoms attachedExamples: cooking oils made from safflower, sunflower or sesame seeds or from soybeans or corn, soft margarines whose major ingredient is veg. oil, mayo made with oil, and fish

20 Polyunsaturated FatsThese are the omega 3 fatty acids, these help lower the risk for heart diseaseIf you had a choice to eat monosaturated vs. poly saturated, you would choose poly because our body uses fat for energy, polys are bigger and will last longer, but we should still eat both of these

21 Trans fatty acidsProduced by adding H atoms to a liquid fat making it solidLike when H atoms are added to a liquid, it gets firm like butter or margarineThese are not good for you

22 CholesterolIs a fat-like substance that exists in animal foods and body cellsCholesterol is made in the liverCholesterol is necessary in the dietLipitor helps to stop the production of cholesterol within the liver if a person makes too much

24 Trouble with cholesterolIt’s a contributing factor in heart disease due to hypercholesterolemiaCauses atherosclerosis which is a soft build up of stuff sand then it hardens turning it to arteriosclerosis or plaque

25 Athersclerosis vs. ArteriosclerosisSoft build-up of cholesterol and fat in blood vessels, can be seen as streaks in the artery – this is atherosclerosisEventually over the years, this soft stuff gets hard and causes reduced space for blood flow= M.I. Or CVA – this is arteriosclerosis

26 How do we unclog the vessels?Balloon angioplasty inflation of a balloon to push the plaque away, then balloon is removedStent keeps vessel wide openScrapping /Roto-rooter type device that breaks up the hard plaque and vacuums it out instantly

29 What happens to fat in digestion?When fat enters the stomach, what happens to it?

30 The stomach acts on fats by sending out gastric lipase to emulsify the fat (like cream and egg yolks)

31 Fat leaves the stomach and goes where?Through the pylorus , through the pyloric sphincter and into the small intestine called what?

32 Duodenum….there the liver shoots out bile to help further emulsify fat, the _______ takes bile to store it and the pancreas sends out pancreatic enzymes to do what?

33 Pancreatic enzymes turn fats into fatty acids and glycerol to make them smaller and easier to digest so that absorption through or into where?

34 Change words around on your slides hereThrough the lacteals , out of the intestine walls and on into cells and then to the liverBut there is 1 problem…

35 If fats are insoluble in water….How do fats get into the blood after they go through the liver?

36 Special carriers must be provided for the fats to be absorbed and transported by the blood to body cellsThese special carriers are called “lipoproteins”Lipo means fat and proteins are strong and big enough to take the fat to the bloodstream and cells

38 LDL Carries most of the cholesterol to the cellsYou don’t need this level to be high, we only need so much cholesterol in our cells plus the liver already makes cholesterol…we don’t need too much

39 HDLLipoproteins that carry cholesterol from cells to the liver for eventual excretion out of the kidneysYou want this level to be elevated meaning you want this level to be nice and elevated to do a good job of removing the cholesterol out of your bodyExercise and wine increases HDL levels

40 Metabolism of fats The liver controls fat metabolismThe liver hydrolyzes (adds water) the triglycerides (the fat in the blood) and forms new ones from this hydrolysis process, when needed

41 Metabolism of fatsThe metabolism of fats occurs in the cells, where fatty acids are broken down to carbon dioxide and water= energyCO2 and H2O are removed from the body by circulatory system, respiratory system and excretory system like urination

42 Lecithin Is a fatty substance found in plant and animal foodsIt’s a natural emulsifier that helps transport fats in the bloodstreamIt is used commercially to make food products smooth

43 High fat diet and healthHigh fat diets are associated with cancers of:ColonBreastuterus