Keep in mind it did not translate into a performance decrease. Supplementation with vitamin E and C is also likely not very useful for the average athlete eating a complete diet on a daily basis.

A lot of the studies on antioxidant potential mechanisms come up with somewhat limited results and conclusions. Other antioxidants such as polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, could have potential benefits on oxidative stress and play a role in the treatment/prevention of chronic disease such as atherosclerosis, T2DM, and their cardiovasculars consequences.

I would just point out that since both groups showed equal improvement, the antioxidants really didn't "hamper" anything.What the study actually said was :"Daily vitamin C and E supplementation attenuated increases in markers of mitochondrial biogenesis following endurance training."

So there a a bazillion ways to interpret that. Maybe the antioxidents more successfully protected the mitochondria from damage, so that there was less mitochondrial biogenisis required;Maybe the "markers" of biogenesis are in a biochemichal pathway that is not as reliable a marker as was previously believed.

Many others possible.The main point being just that "hampering" is not really a justified conclusion.

The fun stuff with science is it seems to contradict itself over and over again.

As per Vaughan et al. 2013 review, some antioxidant can induce important intereactions at the molecular level to improve skeletal muscle adaptatons. Polyphenols compound such as epigallocatechin gallate found in tea as been shown to increase circulating catecholamines which are mediator to the expression of key transcription factor activator for mitochondrial biosynthesis.

Additionaly, long chain fatty acids like EPA/DHA found mainly in fish (fish oil) were found to induce molecular activities promoting mitochindrial biosynthesis. A bit out of the antioxidant topic but still good food for thoughts for people considering supplementation as a strategy to improve fitness.

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