Note, the current years is 1335. Presented here is a brief look at relevant history to Matora and the Bergatino City States. It is by no means detailed, especially the earlier periods of history, but rather enough to help define the state of Matora and help the families.

1096 - 1291 The Entrada

Incursion into the Holy Land of the First Prophet, esatblishing a Kingdom of the Divinity. A unified effort between the Paragons of the Three Divinities and the Divine Empire, including kingdoms of the faith. There are 9 individual Entrada's in this time period.

Notable among them are:

The Third Entrada, in which the city of Crea is captured and held by the unified forces of the Divinity.

The Fourth Entrada, the capital of the Eastern Empire is sacked, fueling conflicts between the Eastern Empire and the Divine Empire as well as the Paragon States.

The Sixth Entrada, the Divine Kingdom is established in the Holy Lands with Crea as its capital city.

After the Ninth Entrada of 1271, there is a decline of the Divine Kingdom until, finally, in 1291 the city of Crea is captured by the Kataro Empire. There is less fighting between Eastern Empire and the Divine Empire/Paragon States as the Kataro Empire spreads its influence.

1150 - 1250 War of the Kingdom of Saule

After the early crusades and the realization of the growing wealth of what would become the Bergatino City States, the Divine Empire conquered the city states and established the Kingdom of Saule. The city states push for more autonomy and small rebellions occur. In 1150, Emperor Nikolaus I holds the Orendal Assembly, and legal consul of the Empire rules in favor of his rights over the cities.

As Bergatine attempts to lead the cities in more open rebellion, the Empire captures and razes the city to the ground in 1152. The cities work and eventually the Saule Pact is formed in 1155, a unified front in the effort to be free of the Emperor's control.

In 1166, at the Battle of Landro, the unified forces of the cities under the Saule Pact defeat forces of the Divine Empire. This results in a five year truce and eventually the cities and the Emperor sign the Peace of Valdona. Self governance is granted to the cities by the Emperor, many form republics with nominal leaders chosen by the councils formed of the highest nobility of the cities.

Small skirmishes and battles continue as slowly the Empire attempts to assert authority again as wealth continues to amass in the cities.

After the 6th Entrada (1228-1229), there are a growing number of free companies (mercenaries) operating among the cities. Several are employed by the various cities and wealthy noble families, they sign the Ventura Company Concord. This allows free men to granted titles by the various cities and this attracts more free men to the region to fight the battles for the cities.

In 1231 a major battle is fought, the Battle of Begnara, near Bergatine. The majority of forces for the city states are Ventura Companies. While the Divine Empire wins this battle marginally, it establishes the necessity of the Ventura. Ventura captains are military strategists, many now studying at university to learn military history.

At the Siege of Eranova in 1232, the educated leaders of the Ventura Companies manage to successfully siege and route Imperial forces, marking a turning point in the second attempt of the Empire to assert its authority in this region.

Forces slowly drive an the Empire, until 1248 at the Seige of Calvene, the main Imperial Camp is defeated from its entrenched location and driven from the city states. The Emperor dies in 1250, and interest in such an undertaking as controlling the city states dies with him, the Saule Pact is dissolved.

1256 - 1270 War of San Martino

This marks the first of a long standing series of conflicts between Matora and Valdona. San Martino is located near the Holy Land. Districts for foreign Embassy are granted for venture and capital gains in San Martino, relevant to the Eastern Empire and the Kataro Empire. This war begins as violence erupts between the Valdona and Matora Districts.

Matora is supported by other districts and nations and Valdona is driven out of San Martino (they are allowed back in 1288). This leads to a series of naval battles between the two city states, that grow in intensity near the end of this war. Valdona is then supported by Santos Corta and Kataro Kingdoms while Matora retains Divine Empire and Avicorse support, including Navagerse.

Valdona delivers a crushing naval defeat in 1268 as the war winds down. This is the time of the Eighth and Ninth Entradas, signalling the decline of western holding and influence in the Holy Land, forcing the cities to cooperate in support of their allies of the time.

1282 - 1302 War of Calperan Prayers

This is a major conflict occuring between Santos Corta, Avicorse, and Navagerse. The conquest of the Kingdom of Calpera already began by Navagerse that initially started as a means to remove Kataro Kingdoms influence over and demand for tributes from the Kingdom of Calpera which initially included the southern peninsula.

Supported by Santos Corta, the Calperans on the island remove the Avicorse nobility from their lands. This leads to the forming of the Kingdom of Borzia. Even as the holdings i the Holy Land dwindle until the Fall of Crea in 1291, the fighting between western kingdoms intensifies here, even as the Kataro Kingdoms are driven from the peninsula and the islands of the western Catellus Sea, the conflict between Paragon States and the Divine Empire resumes in this conflict.

Matora only participates in a mercenary context, to fight against Valdona as they fight in support of Avicorse. Having many allies among the southern Avicorse nobility, Valdona invests heavily in this conflict.

1294 - 1297 War of Oulx

Even as the War of Calperan Prayers is being fought, the conflict between Valdona and Matora intensifies in distant seas to the east. A series of mainly naval battles are fought between the growing Maritime Republics. As Matora regains its naval powers from the prior conflict, they begin to drive for dominance of the seas. Midway through the war, Valdona presses for allies among the Eastern Empire to help in this conflict. This leads to the Eastern-Matora War.

1296-1301 Eastern-Matora War

Matora's influence and holdings spread from Matora to the Holy Land at this time. As Valdona makes pact with the Eastern Empire, the Empire itself starts campaigns of conflict with distant Matora Holdings. Ground is lost by Matora during these years of fighting. Rather than hold by force their foreign interests, Matora turns more towards capital ventures as they are defeated by the Eastern Empire.

1250 - Present Era of Caroligio and Sacario

As the cities gained freedom, most forming republics, the influence between Divine Empire and the Paragon States dominates the landscapre of the city states. Two factions, not unlike political parties, are formed.

The Caroligio are those families that remain loyal to the Divine Empire while the Sacario are loyalists to the Paragon States. Even the Divine-Paragon conflicts continue throughout the western world, much of the influence between city states and the rising conflicts rests along these lines.

While numerous battles are occurring, the following represent major conflicts with thousands to tens of thousands of troops on either side during these conflicts.

1289 - Battle of Moncarni

This is a large battle fought near Valdona. Sacario families of Matora participate in an effort to push out the Caroligio. This battle determines most of the northern and southern boundaries between Divine Empire, the city states, and the Paragon States. There are nearly 30,000 forces on either side, numerous Ventura Companies and several thousand knights.

1308 - War of Landro

Landro was a growing duchy, southwest of Matora. Perceived as a potential threat should they gain more power, Matora and its nobles press to cease this threat. The Sacario when in the council and support from the Paragon State is sought. Likewise, forces from BOrzia and Santos Carto join in. In defense of the Duchy of Landro, Bergatine sends forces, and some units of the Divine Empire and Avicorse join cause. Eventually the city itself is captured by Matora, establising Landro as a district of Matora.

1317 - Battle of Crocina

The district/city of Irsina is a province of Matora that is held by Sacario families. With a strong push within Matora by the Caroligio and after much political debate, the city does not make great effort to defend the city and it is captured by the Caroligio o Vinchia.

1320 - Siege of Irsina

Following a return of support in the Major Council by the Saracrio, the city invests in the siege of Irsina, several large Ventura Companies are retained by Matora. With full agreement among the councils of Matora, the city is taken by siege.

1325 - Battle of Dordolla

A conflict between Onara and Landro, it quickly escalates, forces from Vinchia come to assist Onara and are joined by other Imperial forces of the Divine Empire. Matora invests heavily in this war, and support is granted from the Paragon State. This battle is lost and Landro is claimed by Vinchia.

1334 - Excommunication Edict

The prior year saw the Reverends of the Paragons of the Three Divinities make an effort to stop the conflicts of the city states, issuing an edict that threatens to excommunicate any members of the faith for even using the terms Caroligio or Sacario. This has not yet been enforced.

1330 - Battle of Cortaccia

While most of the fighting between Divine Empire and Paragon States in the region is handled between city states, the Ventura, and the Coraligio and Sacario, a host from the Kingdom of Bohr comes to siege Breganze. Descended from the Kingdom of Saule, and a southern realm of the Divine Empire, they march a host against the city. Matora again gains support from the Paragon City States and the Kingdom of Borzia, in a grand effort of the continuing conflicts between Divine Empire and Paragon States.