CHILD LABOUR
INTRODUCTIONIqbal Masih was born in a small village in rural Pakistan, his father abandoned the family. Iqbal's mother struggled to support her children as a housecleaner, but could not. When he was four years old, Iqbal was sold for $16 into bonded labour at a carpet factory. He worked 12 hours a day and was horribly undernourished and beaten by the foreman many times. When Iqbal was nine years old, a local labour rights organization helped him escape the factory. He was given a place at a school for freed child labourers in Lahore where he'd be safe. Iqbal began telling other child labourers about the law in Pakistan that made bonded labour illegal-they had never heard about this law. When children started to follow Iqbal's example and escape the factories, the owners threatened Iqbal and his family. But he didn't back down. At age 12, he travelled to Sweden and the U.S. to speak out against child labour. When he returned to Pakistan in April, 1995, Iqbal was shot and killed. Iqbal's story reflects the lives of over 200 million children around the world who have been forced to give up school, sports, play and sometimes even their families and homes to work under dangerous, harmful, and abusive conditions. DEFINING CHILD LABOUR:

According to the United Nations and the International Labor Organization, child labor is to be considered if:

“...States Parties recognize the right of the child to be protected from economic exploitation and from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child's education, or to be harmful to the child's health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.” (UN stipulation in article 32 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child). Thus, child labour basically means when you devoid children of their basic rights and ask them to work forcefully. HISTORICAL CONTEXT:

Child labour was not new to the world but it is believed that during the 1780’s and 1840’s there was a massive increase in child exploitation. This was due to the Industrial revolution era. More than 60% of the workers in the textile mills were children. Also, the main reason for child labour (as seen in the Victoran era) was that parents were poor and they couldn’t afford to send their kids to school and therefore they used t send their kids to work in order to support their families. The chart below shows that the greatest percent of people involved in child labour are those that come from a poor family background.

Thus the greatest percentage is coming fro the poorest sector and also the rural sector as shown above. this would mentally challenge them.Industrial Revolution: During the Industrial Revolution, children as young as four were employed in production factories with dangerous, and often fatal, working conditions. Based on this understanding of the use of children as labourers, it is now considered by wealthy countries to be a human rights violation, and is outlawed, while some poorer countries may allow or tolerate child labour. Child labour can also be defined as the full-time employment of children who are under a minimum legal age. The Victorian era became notorious for employing young children in factories and mines and as chimney sweeps. Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic hardship, Charles Dickens for example worked at the age of 12 in a blackingfactory, with his family in debtor's prison. The children of the poor were expected to help towards the family budget, often working long hours in dangerous jobs for low pay, earning 10-20% of an adult male's wage. In England and Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in 143 water-powered cotton mills were described as children. In 19th-century Great Britain, one- third of poor families were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or abandonment, obliging many children to work from a young age. Child labour had...

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...ChildLabor at Industrial Revolution
Childlabor is the idea of forcing adolescent children into hazardous tasks working under ruthless circumstances and surrounded by an unsafe environment. Children are valuable and precious therefore, they should not be mistreated and allowed to experience misery and suffering at such a young age. Problems, disagreements, injuries, and death have all been caused by childlabor. Childlabor was the worst issue that provoked acute social, mental, and physical damage to America.
“We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” (The United States Constitution) The preamble of the U.S. constitution was made for plenty of reasons; one of those reasons was to prevent practices such as childlabor to somehow disappear in America. Residents of the United States of America want a “more perfect union”. Words in the preamble such as justice, defense, tranquility, and liberty are the absolute opposite of childlabor. Why would America be referred to as an almost “perfect” nation while...

...Chocolate the Result of Unfair Exploitation of ChildLabor?”
1. Should labor practices in another country be a relevant consideration in international trade? Why or why not?
Yes, labor practices in another country should be relevant for consideration in international trade. The reason for concern is labor and social advocates has increased imports from countries in which labor standards are apparently not enforced at an adequately high level.
It’s important to have labor restrictions and eliminate unfavorable wages and poor working conditions in the developed importing countries. The low labor cost in developing countries is the result of poorly protected core labor rights. The trade is based on low wages and is sometimes seen as unmerited or illegal.
The International Labour Organization estimates that 215 million children ages 5-17 are engaged in childlabor (ILO, Accelerating action against child labour, 2010).
An estimated 12 percent of children in India ages 5-14 are engaged in childlabor activities, including carpet production (UNICEF, State of the World’s Children 2010). Approximately six out of ten slaves in the world are bonded laborers in South Asia (Siddharth Kara, Sex Trafficking: Inside the Business of Modern Slavery, 2008)
The United...

... Children as young as six years old worked long hours in poor environments, this is childlabor. The work harms children or keeps them from attending school. All around the world and including U. S., grew gaps between rich and poor in recent decades having to force millions of young children to be out of school and into work. The International Labor Organization estimates that 215 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions that are considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely exploitative. Underage children work all sorts of jobs, usually because the children and their families are extremely poor. Large numbers of children work in commercial agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, mining, and domestic service. Some children work in illicit activities like the drug trade and prostitution or other traumatic activities such as serving as soldiers. Forms of childlabor, including indentured servitude and child slavery, have existed throughout history. As industrialization moved workers from farms and home workshops into urban areas and factory work, children were often preferred, because factory owners viewed them as more manageable, cheaper, and less likely to strike. Growing opposition to childlabor in the North caused many factories to move to the South. By then, American children worked in large numbers in mines, glass factories,...

... Research
ChildLabor
Abstract: Childlabor refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful. Childlabor started around the industrial revolution. During the industrial revolution, Children had always worked, especially in farming. But factory work was hard. A child with a factory job might work 12 to 18 hours a day, six days a week, to earn a dollar. Many children began working before the age of 7, tending machines in spinning mills or hauling heavy loads. The factories were often damp, dark, and dirty. Some children worked underground, in coal mines. The working children had no time to play or go to school, and little time to rest.
Introduction
Childlabor impacted America in a bad way. It started in America around the same time as the Industrial Revolution, which was around the 1800’s. The children, who had to do labor, got little to no education, so therefore couldn’t get descent jobs as an adult. Most of the jobs that children got, such as mines and factories, included being in dangerous situations, where with factories they were around dangerous machinery and with mining jobs, they were around explosives. It also ruined their childhoods...

...Research Proposal: International Labor Organization and women’s labor rights in the informal sector of Tanzania. Keywords: Tanzania, women’s labor rights, International Labor Organization (ILO), core standards, informal sector, globalization Objective: This study analyzes the effect of globalization on women’s labor rights in the informal sector of Tanzania. Specifically, it uses the International Labor Organization’s core standards as a method for measuring the effect of globalization on the status of women in the Tanzanian economy. First, this project will show that the informal sector in Tanzania has been growing at a rapid rate because of increasing female participation. Next, it will analyze the impact of the growing informal economy on women’s social status within the country and most importantly, their standards of living measured in terms of health benefits, wages, and education. Finally, it will explain the link between ILO core standards and globalization and how these two elements have affected women’s labor rights in Tanzania. My hypothesis is that the growth in the informal sector of the economy is primarily due to increased incentive to leave the formal sector because of a large gender wage gap and harsh working conditions. Additionally, the lower education and literacy rates of women in Tanzania seem to have made job matching extremely difficult, thereby pushing...

...ChildLabor Laws
Childlabor laws were made in regards to childlabor because minors were treated harshly during childlabor. Childlabor laws in America have changed throughout the years. Now if childlabor laws are disregarded a parent or employer will be fined. Many parents disregarded childlabor laws to support their families. Childlabor laws were a turning point in history because children were working in dangerous environments, and new standards were made to prevent childlabor.
Children were working in factories and other dangerous environments. Children started working at the age of eight years old. They were working in factories and other hazardous places. Employers thought that since children were smaller than adults they could do the job better without getting injured. Even though the children were smaller they were still getting injured. The children had been worked so much that while they were doing their jobs they would fall asleep. This led to them sliding under the machines and getting stuck. Also, some children working would use sharp objects and would get cuts. If the children were talking during their work the employers would whip the children. The text says, “Small hands were easily crushed, frail...

...passing today if it were proposed again?
Write a 1 page essay answering the questions above and submit it to your instructor once it is completed. Do not forget to include a list of your sources.
Point value: 25 points
Grading Rubric:
Answer is written in essay format, not just answers to each question – 5 points
Bibliography of research sources is included – 5 points
Essay is at least one full page in length – 5 points
All questions are answered clearly and accurately within the essay – 10 points
In 1924, The childlabor amendment was proposed which allowed congress to Congress the power to control regulate and prohibit the labor of children under the age of 18.
The amendment was proposed because children/employees 14-16 years of age were unconstitual meaning that they were violating the rules. I would assume the people from back in the day wanted whats best for the children. They were being born in the factories which might effect their health/birth.
The child amendment failed because it was onlyapporved by 28 states requiring 10 more to become an amendment. Congressional research shows that only 28 states approved the amendment the last being in 1937. Since the amendment was not approved by 3/4 of the states it is technically still pending because Congress did not set a time limit.
If this amendment was proposed again i think it would probably not be approved by half of the states because so many things...

...﻿Individuals and entities related to childlabor in Pakistan
Causes of childlabor: underlying issues
Poverty
Poverty is the greatest single cause behind childlabor. For impoverished households, income from a child's work is usually crucial for his or her own survival or for that of the household. Poverty levels in Pakistan appear to necessitate that children work in order to allow families to reach their target take‐home pay. They need this supplementary income.
In many cases, the parents of a child cannot find jobs because they are more expensive for the company owner then children. The parents will force their children to work instead. Children are more easily employed due to the fact that they can be paid less than adults, and because they are more docile and easier to exploit.
Also, many families earn just enough money to support themselves and their children. However, if one of the wage-earners in the family falls ill, the family most likely does not have a “safety-net” or social security benefits that help them pay for the illness and recover from the financial setback. This makes it necessary for the family’s children to work to support the rest of the family.
Greedy employers take advantage of this poverty situation of many Pakistani families by employing their children because they are easy to exploit, they cost less, and they don’t complain as much....