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24
The Harvester World
Tk® W5se®nnsnia S(t®®ll C®iiiapaiiBy
By Sam Hale General Superintendeut
In 1901 the Deering Harvester Company, owing to the difficulty of obtaining material and high prices prevailing at that time, decided to engage in the steel business. E. A. S. Clarke, at that time with the Deering Harvester Company, was formerly manager of the Illinois Steel Company, and under his direction coke and ore properties were secured and the site for a steel plant was bought.
The location selected was the old iron plant of the Joseph H. Brown Iron and Steel Company, which was built in 1876, and which is located in South Chicago on the Calumet River, about two miles from Lake Michigan. This plant had been dis¬ mantled, leaving nothing but one old blast furnace, which was then in operation, and fifty-five acres of land with dock facilities along the river, and a slip for vessels to discharge their ore cargoes.
The Deering Harvester Company decided to build a modern blast furnace, bessemer converting mill, blooming mill and a mer¬ chant bar mill. The work of erecting this plant was started in May, 1902, and the plant was finished and put in operation in August, 1903. The plant was built with Julian Kennedy, of Pittsburgh, as consult¬ ing engineer, and A. U. Leonhauser as chief engineer in charge of erection.
The first idea of the plant was to put the product of one blast furnace into steel, which would make enough billets to run the merchant mill to its full capacity, which was, at that time, estimated at 60,C)(X) tons of bars per year. The product of the other furnace was to be used by the malleable and gray iron foundries of the Deering Harvester Company. The plant was ope¬ rated on this basis during 1904, and the production for the year was 45,655 tons of bars and 127,997 tons of pig iron.
The idea of running the bessemer and blooming mill single turn on a small tonnage was new in this country, although it had been done successfully in Germany. The hot metal from the blast furnace was taken to the converting mill during the night, stored in mixers, and converted into steel the following day, the bessemer and bloom¬ ing mill only running twelve hours per day. In the meantime, the International Har¬ vester Company was formed and the output of steel was gradually increased.
In 1906 E. A. S. Clarke resigned his position as general manager of manufac¬ turing to accept the presidency of the Lackawanna Steel Company, and H. F. Perkins was made manager of the steel department. Mr. Perkins and the officials
of the company early realized the advan¬ tages of making all the steel possible for the International Harvester Company, and the output of the plant was increased as rapidly as possible. In 1906 an appropriation was passed to build another merchant mill, which was completed and put in operation in May, 1907, and early in 1907 an appro¬ priation was granted to build a third blast furnace, work being started early in 1907, and the furnace completed and put in operation in July, 1908. The plant now consists of three blast furnaces with a capacity of 3S0,0(X) tons of pig iron per year. These furnaces are of the most modern type, and are equipped with an expensive and up-to-date system of ore unloaders, bridges and pockets for the eco¬ nomical handling of material. To make 350,000 tons of pig iron requires, approxi¬ mately, 700,000 tons of ore, 400,000 tons of coke and 200,0(X) tons of limestone. All of this material is unloaded and charged into the furnace mechanically, according to the most approved modern practice. The blast furnaces of the Wisconsin Steel Company are under the charge of H. P. Howland.
The iron from the furnace is taken in ladles to the steel mill during six days of the week, and on Sunday is taken to the pig machine, which consists of a conveyor with cast iron moulds, and with this machine is cast into pig iron, which is shipped to the various works of the Inter¬ national Harvester Company for use in their malleable and gray iron foundries.
The bessemer converting mill takes the molten pig iron from the furnace and ladles, stores it in two mixers, each with a capacity of 250 tons, and converts it into steel by the bessemer process. In this mill about 250,0(X) tons of bessemer ingots are made annually. Steel in this mill is made to about twenty different specifications, rang¬ ing from hard steel of .70 to .80 carbon, which is used for making rake teeth and springs, to steel of .07 carbon, which must be soft enough to flange cold. Every effort is made to make steel suitable for farm machines, any steel not meeting required specifications being scrapped and remelted.
From the steel mill, where the steel is poured into ingots, each weighing about 5,000 pounds, these ingots are taken to the blooming mill, where they are heated and rolled into billets; these billets, being cut into various lengths, are re-rolled on two mer¬ chant mills into all the shapes and sizes which the International Harvester Com¬ pany requires for the manufacture of its various machines. The blooming mill on which these billets are rolled has a capacity of about 20,000 tons per month. The capacity of this blooming mill has been limited by its heating capacity during the present year, and two more pits are being built, which will increase this capacity to

Harvester World magazine was first published by International Harvester Company in October of 1909. From 1909 to 1946, Harvester World functioned primarily as an employee magazine, carrying news from various factories, branch houses and dealerships around the world. The magazine included biographical sketches of employees; notices of retirements and promotions; announcements regarding new company initiatives or building projects; and a variety of other news relating to nearly every facet of the company’s world wide operations. The magazine was published by the company’s Advertising Department, and also functioned as a way for headquarters to communicate with dealerships. In 1946, the magazine was redesigned and eventually shifted from an employee magazine to a more customer-oriented focus. By the 1950s, most Harvester Articles were human interest stories centering on the people and organizations who used International Harvester products. At the same time, photography became an increasingly important element in the content and presentation of the magazine. The magazine was discontinued in 1969.

24
The Harvester World
Tk® W5se®nnsnia S(t®®ll C®iiiapaiiBy
By Sam Hale General Superintendeut
In 1901 the Deering Harvester Company, owing to the difficulty of obtaining material and high prices prevailing at that time, decided to engage in the steel business. E. A. S. Clarke, at that time with the Deering Harvester Company, was formerly manager of the Illinois Steel Company, and under his direction coke and ore properties were secured and the site for a steel plant was bought.
The location selected was the old iron plant of the Joseph H. Brown Iron and Steel Company, which was built in 1876, and which is located in South Chicago on the Calumet River, about two miles from Lake Michigan. This plant had been dis¬ mantled, leaving nothing but one old blast furnace, which was then in operation, and fifty-five acres of land with dock facilities along the river, and a slip for vessels to discharge their ore cargoes.
The Deering Harvester Company decided to build a modern blast furnace, bessemer converting mill, blooming mill and a mer¬ chant bar mill. The work of erecting this plant was started in May, 1902, and the plant was finished and put in operation in August, 1903. The plant was built with Julian Kennedy, of Pittsburgh, as consult¬ ing engineer, and A. U. Leonhauser as chief engineer in charge of erection.
The first idea of the plant was to put the product of one blast furnace into steel, which would make enough billets to run the merchant mill to its full capacity, which was, at that time, estimated at 60,C)(X) tons of bars per year. The product of the other furnace was to be used by the malleable and gray iron foundries of the Deering Harvester Company. The plant was ope¬ rated on this basis during 1904, and the production for the year was 45,655 tons of bars and 127,997 tons of pig iron.
The idea of running the bessemer and blooming mill single turn on a small tonnage was new in this country, although it had been done successfully in Germany. The hot metal from the blast furnace was taken to the converting mill during the night, stored in mixers, and converted into steel the following day, the bessemer and bloom¬ ing mill only running twelve hours per day. In the meantime, the International Har¬ vester Company was formed and the output of steel was gradually increased.
In 1906 E. A. S. Clarke resigned his position as general manager of manufac¬ turing to accept the presidency of the Lackawanna Steel Company, and H. F. Perkins was made manager of the steel department. Mr. Perkins and the officials
of the company early realized the advan¬ tages of making all the steel possible for the International Harvester Company, and the output of the plant was increased as rapidly as possible. In 1906 an appropriation was passed to build another merchant mill, which was completed and put in operation in May, 1907, and early in 1907 an appro¬ priation was granted to build a third blast furnace, work being started early in 1907, and the furnace completed and put in operation in July, 1908. The plant now consists of three blast furnaces with a capacity of 3S0,0(X) tons of pig iron per year. These furnaces are of the most modern type, and are equipped with an expensive and up-to-date system of ore unloaders, bridges and pockets for the eco¬ nomical handling of material. To make 350,000 tons of pig iron requires, approxi¬ mately, 700,000 tons of ore, 400,000 tons of coke and 200,0(X) tons of limestone. All of this material is unloaded and charged into the furnace mechanically, according to the most approved modern practice. The blast furnaces of the Wisconsin Steel Company are under the charge of H. P. Howland.
The iron from the furnace is taken in ladles to the steel mill during six days of the week, and on Sunday is taken to the pig machine, which consists of a conveyor with cast iron moulds, and with this machine is cast into pig iron, which is shipped to the various works of the Inter¬ national Harvester Company for use in their malleable and gray iron foundries.
The bessemer converting mill takes the molten pig iron from the furnace and ladles, stores it in two mixers, each with a capacity of 250 tons, and converts it into steel by the bessemer process. In this mill about 250,0(X) tons of bessemer ingots are made annually. Steel in this mill is made to about twenty different specifications, rang¬ ing from hard steel of .70 to .80 carbon, which is used for making rake teeth and springs, to steel of .07 carbon, which must be soft enough to flange cold. Every effort is made to make steel suitable for farm machines, any steel not meeting required specifications being scrapped and remelted.
From the steel mill, where the steel is poured into ingots, each weighing about 5,000 pounds, these ingots are taken to the blooming mill, where they are heated and rolled into billets; these billets, being cut into various lengths, are re-rolled on two mer¬ chant mills into all the shapes and sizes which the International Harvester Com¬ pany requires for the manufacture of its various machines. The blooming mill on which these billets are rolled has a capacity of about 20,000 tons per month. The capacity of this blooming mill has been limited by its heating capacity during the present year, and two more pits are being built, which will increase this capacity to