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In August 2005, Terence McDonagh (Nicolas Cage) is a New Orleans Police Sergeant. While cleaning out a locker after Hurricane Katrina, he notices that a prisoner may not have been transferred. When he finds the prisoner about to drown, he mocks him before eventually jumping in the water to save him. He is promoted to lieutenant and given a medal for his work, but has suffered a serious back injury because of the rescue. As a result, he is prescribed Vicodin which he will most likely need to take for the rest of his life to manage the pain.

Six months later, McDonagh is now not only addicted to painkillers, but is habitually using several other drugs including cocaine and cannabis. He has convinced a person that works in the police department to bring him drugs sent to the evidence room. His girlfriend Frankie Donnenfeld (Eva Mendes), a prostitute, also does cocaine and they often share drugs. He has also become estranged from his father Pat (Tom Bower), a recovering alcoholic who can only bring himself to attend to his Alcoholics Anonymous meetings and nothing else, and his alcoholic stepmother, Genevieve (Jennifer Coolidge). Over the course of the film, he uses his position as an officer to bully people and steal more drugs.

McDonagh is assigned to investigate a murder scene, where five illegal immigrants from Senegal were executed. Information comes in that leads them to a delivery boy who was an auditory witness, and through his details and evidence they deduce the people were killed for selling drugs in a gang leader's neighborhood. The gang leader Big Fate (Alvin 'Xzibit' Joiner) has two associates: Midget (Lucius Baston) and G (Tim Bellow). They are both arrested, leading to Big Fate willingly coming to the police station with his lawyer. As they try to get enough evidence to convict Big Fate, McDonagh goes back to a hotel room where he finds Frankie beaten by one of her clients, a seemingly well-connected man named Justin (Shea Whigham). McDonagh threatens Justin and takes $10,000 from him. Later on, the auditory witness of the murder scene goes missing. McDonagh finds the witness's grandmother, who works at a nursing home, and threatens to kill an old woman who is the grandmother's patient to get the grandmother to tell where the witness has gone. The old woman has sent him to stay with her family in England, to prevent him from getting involved in gang affairs.

In addition to dealing with the murder investigation, McDonagh gets in trouble with his bookie Ned (Brad Dourif) for not paying his debts. What little money McDonagh has is given to a gangster who works for Justin. The gangster now requests $50,000 - five times the amount stolen from Justin - as compensation, and gives McDonagh two days to get it. As a result of his treatment of the old woman, McDonagh is on modified duty and his gun placed in the evidence room. Now angry, McDonagh goes to Big Fate and they become partners, with McDonagh supplying Big Fate with police information. McDonagh now has enough money to pay off his debts to his bookie and uses his surplus earnings to place a new bet. During a celebration of the successful partnership between McDonagh and Big Fate, the gangster shows up, demanding his money. McDonagh offers him a cut worth more than $50,000 from a bag filled with pure heroin, but the gangster wants to take it all. Big Fate and his crew end up killing the gangsters.

To further celebrate their partnership, McDonagh implores Big Fate to smoke crack cocaine with his "lucky crack pipe". He does, and McDonagh later plants the pipe at the murder scene of the Senegal family. The department uses this new evidence to arrest Big Fate and his cronies, but when he and McDonagh are alone with Big Fate, McDonagh's partner, Stevie Pruit (Val Kilmer), threatens to kill Big Fate, as he doesn't want him to have the chance to escape conviction. McDonagh is outraged at this idea and arrests Big Fate, showing that despite his addictions he can still perform his duties as an officer. McDonagh is later promoted to Captain.

One year later, McDonagh appears to be sober, as do Frankie (who is pregnant with McDonagh's child) and McDonagh's parents, but it turns out that McDonagh is still taking heroin. He encounters the prisoner whom he saved at the beginning of the film, and the man, recognizing McDonagh, exclaims that McDonagh saved his life. The man has been sober for almost a year and offers to help McDonagh finally escape his own addiction. McDonagh simply asks, "Do fish have dreams?" The film ends with the two men in an aquarium, sitting on the floor with their backs against a wall-sized fish tank.

One major change from the original film was moving the setting from New York City to New Orleans.[9] Herzog insists that the film is not a remake, saying, "It only has a corrupt policeman as the central character and that's about it."[5]

At the 81st Academy Awards, Herzog stated that he has never seen Ferrara's film, saying "I haven't seen it, so I can't compare it. It has nothing to do with it."[10] Herzog did not like the idea of a remake and desired to change the title of the film, but was unsuccessful. Herzog stated, "I battled against the title from the first moment on", but added, "I can live with it, I have no problem with it at all. The title is probably a mistake, but so be it."[11]

Abel Ferrara, director of the 1992 film, has been quoted by various media outlets as being very angry about the film. After it was first announced, Ferrara was quoted as saying "As far as remakes go, ... I wish these people die in Hell. I hope they're all in the same streetcar, and it blows up."[13] When asked later for his response to Ferrara's statements, Herzog stated that he does not know who Ferrara is, saying "I've never seen a film by him. I have no idea who he is."[13] At a press conference at the Venice Film Festival after the film's premiere, Herzog said of Ferrara, "I would like to meet the man," and "I have a feeling that if we met and talked, over a bottle of whisky, I should add, I think we could straighten everything out."[14]

Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans opened theatrically on November 20, 2009 by First Look Studios[1] in 27 venues, earning $245,398 in its opening weekend, ranking number 22 at the box office.[17] The film ended its run on March 4, 2010 with 96 venues being its widest release, having grossed $1,702,112 in the domestic box office and $8,886,990 overseas for a worldwide total of $10,589,102.[3]

The film received largely positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports an 87% "Fresh" rating based on 138 reviews.[18] On Metacritic, the film has a 69 out of 100 rating based on 32 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[19]

The Guardian critic Xan Brooks called Cage's work in the film "surely his best performance in years."[20] Blogging about the film from the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival,[21]Roger Ebert declared: "Nicolas Cage is as good as anyone since Klaus Kinski at portraying a man whose head is exploding. It's a hypnotic performance." [22] He also wrote that the film is very different from Abel Ferrara's 1992 film and that "comparisons are pointless." Ebert named the film as among the top 10 best mainstream films of 2009,[23] and then included it in his list of the best films of the decade.[24]

The film appeared on several critics' lists of "best films of 2009", including:

1.
Bad Lieutenant
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Bad Lieutenant is a 1992 American neo-noir crime drama film directed by Abel Ferrara. The film stars Harvey Keitel as the bad lieutenant. The screenplay was co-written by Ferrara with actor-writer Paul Calderón and actress-model Zoë Lund, the film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival. After dropping off his two sons at Catholic school, an NYPD Lieutenant takes a few bumps of cocaine. At an apartment, the Lieutenant gets drunk and engages in a threesome with two women, meanwhile, a nun is raped inside a church by two young hoodlums. The next morning, the Lieutenant learns that he has lost a bet on a National League Championship Series game between the New York Mets and the Los Angeles Dodgers and he tries to win back his money by doubling his wager on the Dodgers in the next game. At another crime scene, the Lieutenant rifles through the car, however, he is too impaired to secure the drugs, and they fall out onto the street in front of his colleagues. The Lieutenant tries to play it off by instructing them to enter the drugs into evidence, at the hospital, the Lieutenant spies on the nuns examination, and learns that she was penetrated with a crucifix. Later that evening, he pulls over two teenage girls who are using their fathers car without his knowledge to go to a club. As they have no driving license, the Lieutenant tells one of the girls to bend over and pull up her skirt, the following day, he listens in on the nuns deposition, where she says she knows who assaulted her but will not identify them. While drinking in his car, the Lieutenant listens to the moments of the Dodgers game. Despite being unable to pay the $30,000 wager, he doubles his bet for the next game, the Lieutenant drinks in a bar when the Dodgers lose again. After scoring cocaine in a nightclub, he tries to double his bet yet again and his friend refuses to make the wager, insisting that the bookie would kill him. Continuing his drug use, the Lieutenant picks up his $30,000 share from the drug dealer and he then visits a woman and does heroin with her. At the church, he tells the nun that he kill her attackers. In the resulting emotional breakdown, the Lieutenant sees the crucified Christ and tearfully curses him before begging forgiveness for his crimes and sins. The figure is revealed to be a holding a gold chalice. The Lieutenant tracks down the two rapists with the help of the woman, to a nearby crack den in Spanish Harlem and he holds them at gunpoint and smokes crack with them as the Mets win the pennant

2.
Werner Herzog
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Werner Herzog is a German screenwriter, film director, author, actor, and opera director. Herzog is considered one of the greatest figures of the New German Cinema, along with Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Margarethe von Trotta, Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Schröter, and Wim Wenders. Herzogs films often feature heroes with impossible dreams, people with unique talents in obscure fields, French filmmaker François Truffaut once called Herzog the most important film director alive. American film critic Roger Ebert said that Herzog has never created a film that is compromised, shameful, made for pragmatic reasons. He was named one of the 100 most influential people on the planet by Time magazine in 2009, Herzog was born Werner Stipetić in Munich, to Elizabeth Stipetić, an Austrian of Croatian descent, and Dietrich Herzog, who was German. When Werner was two old, his mother took refuge in the remote Bavarian village of Sachrang, after the house next to theirs was destroyed during a bombing raid in World War II. In Sachrang, Herzog grew up without running water, a flushing toilet and he never saw films, and did not even know of the existence of cinema until a traveling projectionist came by the one-room schoolhouse in Sachrang. When Herzog was 12, he and his moved back to Munich. His father had abandoned the early in his youth. Werner later adopted his fathers surname Herzog, which he thought sounded more impressive for a filmmaker, the same year, Herzog was told to sing in front of his class at school, and he adamantly refused, and was almost expelled. Until he was age eighteen, Herzog listened to no music, sang no songs and he later said that he would easily give ten years from his life to be able to play the cello. At an early age, he experienced a phase in which he converted to Catholicism. He started to embark on long journeys, some of them on foot, in the commentary for Aguirre, the Wrath of God, he says, I dont consider it theft. I had some sort of right for a camera, a tool to work with. He won a scholarship to Duquesne University and lasted only a few days, after graduating from high school, he was intrigued by the Congo after its independence, but only reached the south of the Sudan where he fell seriously ill. While already making films, he had a stint at Munich University. He earned money by participating in preproduction of a documentary for NASA with KQED, summoned to the immigration office because of a violation of his visa status, he chose to flee to Mexico. Before leaving school, he bought a house in the UK, there he learned to speak English

3.
Nicolas Cage
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Nicolas Kim Coppola, known professionally as Nicolas Cage, is an American actor and producer. He has performed in leading roles in a variety of films, ranging from romantic comedies and he earned his second Academy Award nomination for his performance as Charlie and Donald Kaufman in Adaptation. In 2002, he directed the film Sonny, for which he was nominated for Grand Special Prize at Deauville Film Festival, Cage owns the production company Saturn Films and has produced films such as Shadow of the Vampire and The Life of David Gale. He has also appeared in National Treasure, Lord of War, Bad Lieutenant, Port of Call New Orleans, Films such as Ghost Rider and Knowing were box office successes. Cage has been criticized in recent years for his choice of roles. However, he starred in The Croods and Joe, both of which were warmly received by critics. Cage was born in Long Beach, California, to August Coppola, a professor of literature, and Joy Vogelsang and he was raised in a Catholic family. His father was of Italian descent and his mothers ancestry was German and his paternal grandparents were composer Carmine Coppola and actress Italia Pennino, and his paternal great-grandparents were immigrants from Bernalda, Basilicata. Cages two brothers are New York radio personality Marc The Cope Coppola and director Christopher Coppola and he attended Beverly Hills High School, which is known for its many alumni who became entertainers. He aspired to act from an age and also attended UCLA School of Theater, Film. His first non-cinematic acting experience was in a production of Golden Boy. He cites James Dean as the key inspiration for his career, saying, I saw him in Rebel Without a Cause, East of Eden. Nothing affected me—no rock song, no classical music—the way Dean affected me in Eden, I was like, Thats what I want to do. To avoid the appearance of nepotism as the nephew of Francis Ford Coppola, he changed his name early in his career to Nicolas Cage, inspired in part by the Marvel Comics superhero Luke Cage. Since his film debut with a role in Fast Times at Ridgemont High, opposite Judge Reinhold and Sean Penn, Cage has appeared in a wide range of films. He auditioned for the role of Dallas Winston in his uncles film The Outsiders, hintons novel, but lost to Matt Dillon. He was also in Coppolas films Rumble Fish and Peggy Sue Got Married, Cage has been nominated twice for an Academy Award, winning once for his performance as a suicidal alcoholic in Leaving Las Vegas. His other nomination was for his portrayal of real-life screenwriter Charlie Kaufman, despite these successes, most of his lower-profile films have performed poorly at the box office compared to his mainstream action/adventure roles

4.
Avi Lerner
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Avinoam Avi Lerner is an American-Israeli film producer, primarily of American action movies. Avi Lerner was born in Haifa in 1947, and grew up on Hatzionut Boulevard and he joined the Israeli army in 1966 and served in the Six-Day War and in the Paratroopers Brigade. In an interview with Pnai Plus Lerner said he took part in the battle for the town of Rafah before penetrating as far as the Suez Canal and he served in the 1973 Yom Kippur War as a reservist. In 1991, he served as President of the independent production/distribution company, Lerner founded two production companies, Nu Image and Millennium Films, with Trevor Short, Danny Dimbort and Danny Lerner. The companies have an output, though the vast majority are action films. Most of the action films Avi produces are filmed in Bulgaria, Nu Image and Millennium Films bought independent film studio First Look Studios in 2007 and have restructured the organization to distribute their specialty films. Until his success with The Expendables, Lerners reputation was of a B movie producer, Lerner has complained that Israel is the only country where his work is criticized, and he avoids giving interviews to Israeli reporters. The bulk of Lerners films featured action stars who were at their peak in the 1980s–1990s, Jean-Claude Van Damme, Steven Seagal, Wesley Snipes and Dolph Lundgren, usually released as direct-to-video. Lerner produced Rambo starring Sylvester Stallone, and Righteous Kill starring Robert De Niro and Al Pacino for Millennium Films and he produced The Expendables, directed by Stallone. Other features Lerner has had a hand in include, End Game and he is also listed as a producer in the thriller Trespass. A

5.
Gabe Polsky
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Gabe Polsky is an American film director, writer, and producer. Polsky was born to Soviet immigrants and raised in the Chicago area and he went to the Hotchkiss School for his high school education. After graduating, he went on to Yale University and played hockey there, Polsky wrote, directed and produced Red Army, a documentary film about the Soviet Union and its famed ice hockey team. Red Army premiered at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival and was released in theaters by Sony Pictures Classics on Jan. A. O. Scott of The New York Times called Red Army a stirring, crazy story—a Russian novel of Tolstoyan sweep and Gogl-esque absurdity. ”Time Magazine said, this playful, poignant film presents a story that transcends decades, borders and ideologies. ”Scott Feinberg of The Hollywood Reporter called the film one of the best documentaries that I have ever seen. ”Red Army was the only documentary included in the official selections at the 2014 Cannes, Telluride, Toronto, New York. Red Army won Audience Awards at the 2014 AFI, Chicago, the film was selected as the Opening Ceremony film of the 2014 Moscow International Film Festival. Polsky co-directed and produced The Motel Life, starring Emile Hirsch, Dakota Fanning, the film was described by Indiewire as “a perfectly formed Indie with a heart of gold. Released in November 2013, The Motel Life has been called “outstanding and enthralling” by The Washington Post, Polsky is adapting the novels Butchers Crossing by John Edward Williams and National Book Award-winning Going After Cacciato by Tim OBrien. Other projects in development include novels Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes, to be produced at Sony as a vehicle for Will Smith. Polsky has also secured the rights to Albert Einstein as well as to surfing legend Dorian Doc Paskowitz. Gabe Polsky at the Internet Movie Database

6.
Eva Mendes
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Eva de la Caridad Mendez is an American actress, model and businesswoman. Since then, Mendes has co-starred in films such as All About the Benjamins,2 Fast 2 Furious, Ghost Rider, We Own the Night, Stuck on You, Hitch and she has appeared in several music videos and has sung with CeeLo Green. She designs a fashion collection for New York & Company and is also the director of CIRCA Beauty. Mendes was born in Miami, Florida, to Cuban parents Eva Pérez Suárez and Juan Carlos Méndez, Mendes was raised a Roman Catholic and at one time even considered becoming a Catholic nun. Her mother worked at Manns Chinese Theatre and later for an aerospace company, Mendes had two brothers, Juan Carlos and Carlo, and a sister, Janet. She attended Hoover High School in Glendale, and later studied marketing at California State University, Northridge, Mendes began her acting career after a talent manager saw her photo in a friends portfolio. Her first film appearance was in the direct-to-video Children of the Corn V, Mendes was disappointed in her performance and she hired an acting coach. She then appeared in the films A Night at the Roxbury, My Brother the Pig, Urban Legends, Final Cut, Mendes breakthrough role came when she appeared in Antoine Fuquas crime thriller Training Day. This then led to roles in All About the Benjamins,2 Fast 2 Furious, Once Upon a Time in Mexico, Out of Time, and Stuck on You. She was the lead in the 2005 film Hitch, making her one of the first minority actors to play the lead in a hit romantic comedy. Mendes subsequently starred in The Wendell Baker Story, Guilty Hearts, Trust the Man, Ghost Rider, We Own the Night, Live. in 2008, she was nominated for the Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress for her performance in the all-female comedy film The Women. Mendes then appeared in The Spirit, Bad Lieutenant, Port of Call New Orleans, The Other Guys, Last Night, Fast Five, and a spoof short film for Funny or Die. In 2012, Mendes visited Sierra Leone and was featured in the PBS documentary Half the Sky, in 2012, she starred in the crime drama film The Place Beyond the Pines, with Entertainment Weekly describing her performance as quietly heartbreaking. The following year, she appeared in the HBO comedy film Clear History, Mendes appeared in the Pet Shop Boys music video for Se a vida é in 1996, Aerosmiths music video for Hole in My Soul in 1997, and Will Smiths music video for Miami in 1998. She also appeared in the video for The Strokes The End Has No End in 2004. Mendes was employed by Revlon as a spokesperson, and participated in their campaign to raise funds for breast cancer research. She appeared nude in a print advertisement for Calvin Kleins Secret Obsession perfume, in December 2007, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals used a nude photo of Mendes for their anti-fur campaign. She also modelled in a Morgan campaign, Mendes was a spokesmodel for the 2008 Campari calendar

7.
Jennifer Coolidge
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She is also a regular actor in Christopher Guests mockumentary films. Coolidge is an alumna of The Groundlings, an improv and sketch comedy troupe based in Los Angeles, Coolidge was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Gretchen and Paul Constant Coolidge, a plastics manufacturer. She was raised in Norwell, Massachusetts, and is one of four children with a brother, Andrew, Coolidge attended Norwell High School, the Cambridge School of Weston, Emerson College in Boston and the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in New York City. Her charitable work has included a history of supporting AIDS assistance, Coolidge is known for her supporting roles in several comedy movies and guest roles on television. She made her first appearance on TV in the Seinfeld episode The Masseuse, before gaining recognition, she received small roles, appearing in such films as A Bucket of Blood, Plump Fiction, and A Night at the Roxbury. She also voiced Luannes beauty school teacher Miss Kremzer in a role on King of the Hill. In 1999, Coolidge got her big break playing Jeanine Stifler, the film was a box-office hit and took in a gross worldwide revenue of $235,483,004. In 2001, she reprised her role in American Pie 2, later in that same year, she had a supporting role in Legally Blonde as Paulette Bonafonté the manicurist. Legally Blonde was a hit, grossing US$96 million domestically. In 2003, she again played Jeanine Stifler in American Wedding, in 2003, she played the protagonists agent Luise in Testosterone filmed in Argentina starring David Sutcliffe as Dean Seagrave and Antonio Sabato Jr as Pablo. In 2004, she had a role in the romantic comedy A Cinderella Story playing Hilary Duffs characters vain. The film went on to become a box office hit despite negative critical reviews. Coolidge nearly received the role of Lynette Scavo on Desperate Housewives, from 2004 to 2006, Coolidge had a role in the NBC comedy series Joey as Joeys oversexed agent Roberta Bobbie Morganstern. During its second season, she went from a character to a more prominent role. NBC officially canceled the series in May 2006 citing low ratings and she originally starred in an episode of Friends in its final season as Amanda, a tactless and uninhibited wannabe whom Phoebe and Monica try to shake off. Prior to her Friends appearance she was a regular on She TV, a very short-lived sketch comedy that also featured Nick Bakay, Elon Gold, Simbi Khali, and Linda Kash. She also has appeared on According to Jim, playing Jims sister and in an episode of Sex and the City, Coolidge also appeared in the kiddie comedy Slappy and the Stinkers, and as the voice of Aunt Fanny in the animated feature Robots. The film was accompanied by a short animated film based on Robots, titled Aunt Fannys Tour of Booty

8.
Val Kilmer
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Val Edward Kilmer is an American actor. Originally a stage actor, Kilmer became popular in the mid-1980s after a string of appearances in comedy films, then the cult classic Real Genius, as well as the military action film Top Gun and the fantasy film Willow. Kilmer was born December 31,1959, in Los Angeles, the son of Gladys Swanette and Eugene Dorris Kilmer and his parents divorced in 1968 when he was 8 years old. In 1977 Kilmers younger brother Wesley drowned in a pool at age 15. Kilmers grandfather was a miner in New Mexico, near the border with Arizona. His mother was of Swedish descent and his fathers ancestry included English, Scots-Irish, French and German. Kilmer attended Berkeley Hall School, a Christian Science school in Los Angeles and he attended Chatsworth High School with Kevin Spacey and Mare Winningham, and also attended the Hollywood Professional School. He became the youngest person at the time to be accepted into the Juilliard Schools Drama Division, on May 5,2012, Kilmer was awarded an honorary doctorate of Fine Arts from William Woods University. In 1981, while at Juilliard, Kilmer co-authored and starred in the play How It All Began, Kilmer turned down a role in Francis Ford Coppolas 1983 film The Outsiders, as he had prior theatre commitments. In 1983 he appeared off Broadway in The Slab Boys with Kevin Bacon, also in 1983, Kilmer self-published a collection of his own poetry entitled My Edens After Burns, that included poems inspired by his time with Pfeiffer. The book of poems is difficult to obtain, and expensive, even second-hand copies fetch $300 and his big break came when he received top billing in the comedy spoof of spy movies Top Secret. Where he played an American rock and roll star, Kilmer sang all the songs in the film and released an album under the film characters name, Nick Rivers. While garnering more substantial roles and prestige, he gained a reputation as a ladies man, dating numerous women, some many years older, including Cher. During a brief hiatus, he backpacked throughout Europe before going on to play the character in the 1985 comedy Real Genius. He turned down a role in David Lynchs Blue Velvet before being cast as naval aviator Iceman in the action film Top Gun alongside Tom Cruise, Top Gun grossed a total of $344,700,000 worldwide and made Kilmer a major star. Kilmer starred in the Colorado Shakespeare Festival production of Hamlet]] in 1988, in 1989, Kilmer played the lead in both Kill Me Again, again opposite Whalley, and in TNTs Billy the Kid. After several delays, director Oliver Stone finally started production on the film The Doors, Kilmer spoke with Oliver Stone early on, concerned about what he might want to do with the story because Kilmer didnt believe in or want to promote substance abuse. Kilmer saw Morrison as having picked the wrong heroes, who had different issues, Kilmer saw Morrisons story as one that could be told a thousand different ways and didnt want to tell it by playing the role in the style of drugs, with which Oliver Stone agreed

9.
Brad Dourif
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From June to September 2013, he starred in an Off Broadway revival of Tennessee Williams The Two-Character Play, his first stage appearance in 29 years. His paternal grandparents emigrated from France, and his paternal grandfather co-founded the Standard Ultramarine, after Dourifs father died in 1953, his mother remarried champion golfer William C. Campbell, who helped raise Dourif and his five siblings, from 1963 to 1965, Dourif attended the private Aiken Preparatory School in Aiken, South Carolina. There, he pursued his interests in art and acting, although he briefly considered becoming a flower arranger, he was eventually inspired to become an actor by his mothers participation as an actress in a community theater called Give me Shelter. After Aiken, he attended Fountain Valley School in Colorado Springs, Colorado, Dourif attended Marshall University for a time, before quitting college and moving to New York City to study acting on the advice of actress Conchata Ferrell. Starting in school productions, Dourif progressed to community theater, joining up with the Huntington Community Players while attending Marshall, in New York City, he studied with Sanford Meisner, and worked with Marshall Mason and Lanford Wilson at the Circle Repertory Company. Although One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest is frequently cited as his debut, in fact, Dourif made his first appearance in a low-budget film called Split. Skeptical of his instant stardom, Dourif returned to New York, where he continued in theater and taught acting and directing classes at Columbia University until 1988, when he moved to Hollywood. In 1981, Vincent Canby listed Dourif as one of twelve actors to watch, calling Dourif one of the most intense, most interesting young film actors of his generation. He explained, in an interview released by the producers, why he broke his 29-year hiatus from acting in live theater, I hated the stage. And then somebody said, Will you do a play and its with Amanda Plummer, and I said, Oh shit. Oh God, Im gonna have to do this and it opened on June 10,2013 and closed on September 29,2013. The play was subject to a number of cancellations, one relating to Dourifs absence. Plummer refused to perform without Dourif, notwithstanding the presence of an understudy, Dourif has often played eccentric or disturbed characters, starting in Eyes of Laura Mars, John Hustons Wise Blood, Formans Ragtime, and Marc Diddens Istanbul. Dourif then teamed up with director David Lynch for Dune and Blue Velvet and he also appears in the 1984 music video for the single Stranger in Town by Toto. He also appeared in Alien 4, Resurrection and he appeared in a number of horror films, notably as the voice of Chucky in the Chucky franchise. He portrayed the Gemini Killer in The Exorcist III, Death Machine, but has broken from the genre with roles in Fatal Beauty, Mississippi Burning, Hidden Agenda. Dourif also played Gríma Wormtongue in the Lord of the Rings trilogy, on television, Dourif appeared in The X-Files episode Beyond the Sea as the psychic serial killer Luther Lee Boggs

10.
Xzibit
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Alvin Nathaniel Joiner, better known by his alias Xzibit, is an American rapper, actor, television host, radio personality and record producer. He is known as the host of the MTV show Pimp My Ride and his father left the family early, forcing his mother to raise a young Alvin and his four siblings alone. After her death he had to move in with his father and his father remarried and relocated to Albuquerque, New Mexico. Joiner lived in Albuquerque from age 10 to 17, and began writing rhymes, however, he had numerous run-ins with the law and ultimately ended up moving to California to live with his sister. It was there where he first began to rap and pursue a music career and he later reconciled with his father, who can be heard on his second studio album. Xzibit started to rap at the age of 14, shortly after his relocation from Albuquerque to Los Angeles, like its predecessor, it was well received by critics and is widely seen as a Classic West Coast Hip-hop record. It spawned four singles, the most successful being What U See Is What U Get charting at number 50 in the United States and he closed the year 1999 with his acting debut, starring in the The Breaks. It spawned three singles, the most successful being X, which peaked at number 76 in the U. S.14 in the UK and 4 in Germany, the album climbed to number 12 in America. Dr. Dre invited Xzibit to perform on his American Up in Smoke Tour in mid-2000, which featured Snoop Dogg, Eminem, and Ice Cube, among many others. The same year, he starred in the direct-to-video crime film Tha Eastsidaz by the group of the same name and was a playable character in the football game Madden NFL2001. He released two films in 2001, Xzibit, Restless Xposed, centered around the recording of his third studio album and various live-performances and was also seen in Tha Alkaholiks. The Movie Experience by the rap group of the same name and he also released a compilation album of songs that featured him, entitled You Better Believe It. In 2002, he guest-starred in the comedy series Cedric the Entertainer Presents as Mack Daddy in the eponymous episode, the album itself went gold, although Xzibit was unhappy with the crafting and promotion of his newest product, ending the cooperation with Dr. Dre. The album is his highest charting album to date, reaching number 3 in the U. S. and 8 in Canada and he starred in 8 Mile and The Country Bears the same year. The popular MTV show Pimp My Ride boosted his popularity even further, the show starred him as the host, who brings an individuals wrecked car to West Coast Customs, where it undergoes a rejuvenation. He continued hosting the show until its cancellation in 2007, those years can easily be seen as the most successful in his career. S, for this album, he reunited with Columbia Records, after having parted ways with producer and mentor Dr. Dre. His single Hey Now featuring Keri Hilson marked his last chart success on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at number 93, in 2005, he collaborated with shock rock legend Alice Cooper on a track entitled Stand from the album Dirty Diamonds. This represented Cooper’s first-ever foray into rap music, the following year, he mainly focused on acting, getting roles in the Hollywood blockbusters Derailed as Dexter, XXX, State of the Union as Zeke and Hoodwinked, where he voiced Chief Ted Grizzly

11.
Fairuza Balk
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Fairuza Balk is an American film actress. She made her film debut as Dorothy Gale in Disneys 1985 film Return to Oz. Balk also made appearances in Valmont, The Craft, The Island of Dr. Moreau, American History X, The Waterboy, Almost Famous, Balk was born as Fairuza Alejandra Feldthouse in Point Reyes, California. Until age two, Balk lived in Cloverdale, California with her mother and they then moved to Vancouver, British Columbia, where she began acting at age six. They moved from London to Paris for another role and they remained there for six months before returning to Vancouver. Balk moved to Los Angeles as a woman upon signing to act in The Craft. Fairuzas mother, Cathryn Balk, has studied, performed, and taught the ethnic and traditional forms of many countries such as Egypt, Turkey, Morocco. Her father, Solomon Feldthouse, was one of the members of the 1960s psychedelic rock group Kaleidoscope. He was born in Pingree, Idaho and between the ages of 6 and 10, he lived in Turkey where he learned Greek, Turkish, Balk has stated that her father is of Romani and Cherokee ancestry, and that her mother is of Irish and French descent. Balks debut role was in a film titled The Best Christmas Pageant Ever. While in London, Balk was cast by Walt Disney Productions to star as Dorothy Gale in Return to Oz, the unofficial sequel to MGMs 1939 musical The Wizard of Oz. This role led to other, minor roles, including that of Mildred Hubble in The Worst Witch, by 1989 she was back in Vancouver, where she attended high school. However, she decided to take correspondence courses instead and went back to Hollywood. In 1992 she was awarded an Independent Spirit Award as best actress for her performance in the Allison Anders film Gas Food Lodging. In 1996, she appeared in a role in The Craft, in which her character formed a teenage coven with characters portrayed by Neve Campbell, Rachel True. Since The Craft, Balk has continued to find roles, primarily dark ones, in 1996 she co-starred in The Island of Dr Moreau with Marlon Brando, Val Kilmer and David Thewlis. Since 2000, she has appeared in over a dozen films and she has also done voice work for animated films, TV shows and video games, including Justice League, Family Guy, Grand Theft Auto, Vice City and Lords of EverQuest. The 2007 documentary Return To Oz, The Joy That Got Away was dedicated to her, in 2010, Balk released the single Stormwinds under the artist title Armed Love Militia

12.
Millennium Films
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Nu Image is an American film company started by Avi Lerner, Trevor Short, Danny Dimbort and Danny Lerner in 1992. The company has made to date mostly action films, many of their films are often filmed in South Africa and Bulgaria, among other parts of the world. In 1996, the company launched a label called Millennium Films. com

13.
First Look Studios
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First Look Studios was an independent American film distributor, that specialized in home video releases of films and television series. In 1980, Robert and Ellen Little founded Overseas Filmgroup as a sales company for foreign markets. Overseas Filmgroup expanded towards film financing to give the company control over its output. Films ranged from genre titles such as Blue Tiger and No Way Back to art films, including Antonias Line, Mrs. Dalloway, The Secret of Roan Inish, Waking Ned Devine. In 1993, the company expanded towards North American distribution through its First Look Pictures subsidiary, in 1998, Overseas Filmgroup went public. Two years later, EUE/Screen Gems acquired a minority interest in the company, in January 2001, as part of a restructuring, Overseas Filmgroup and First Look Pictures became subsidiaries of First Look Media. Overseas Filmgroup was eventually renamed First Look International, Robert and Ellen Little left First Look in 2003. On July 29,2005, after a merger with Canadian businessman Henry Wintersterns Capital Entertainment, Winterstern became CEO of First Look and shared the role as Chairman with EUE/Screen Gems Chris Cooney. In November 2005, First Look acquired DEJ Productions from Blockbuster, in March 2006, First Look acquired Ventura Distribution, a home video distribution company, and acquired the domestic television syndication rights to fifty six films from Pinnacle Entertainment. By 2006, First Look had a seven hundred film library to its name, Henry Winterstern resigned from First Look in 2007. That March, Nu Image acquired controlling interest in First Look, in 2010, Millennium Entertainment acquired First Looks assets. Paris, je taime Party Girl The Pumpkin Karver Smiley Face Stiletto Sukiyaki Western Django Transsiberian The Volcano Disaster War, baywatch The Cosby Show A Different World Unsolved Mysteries Ultimate Fighting Championship Video Asia First Look International at the Internet Movie Database Official Website

14.
Crime drama
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Crime films are a genre of film that focus on crime. The stylistic approach to a crime film varies from realistic portrayals of real-life criminal figures, films dealing with crime and its detection are often based on plays rather than novels. Agatha Christies stage play Witness for the Prosecution was adapted for the big screen by director Billy Wilder in 1957, the film starred Marlene Dietrich and Charles Laughton and is a classic example of a courtroom drama. In a courtroom drama, a charge is brought against one of the main characters, another major part is played by the lawyer representing the defendant in court and battling with the public prosecutor. He or she may enlist the services of an investigator to find out what really happened. However, in most cases it is not clear at all whether the accused is guilty of the crime or not—this is how suspense is created. Often, the private investigator storms into the courtroom at the very last minute in order to bring a new and this type of literature lends itself to the literary genre of drama focused more on dialogue and little or no necessity for a shift in scenery. The auditorium of the theatre becomes an extension of the courtroom, in Witness for the Prosecution, Leonard Vole, a young American living in England, is accused of murdering a middle-aged lady he met in the street while shopping. His wife hires the best lawyer available because she is convinced, or rather she knows, another classic courtroom drama is U. S. playwright Reginald Roses Twelve Angry Men, which is set in the jury deliberation room of a New York Court of Law. Eleven members of the jury, aiming at a verdict of guilty. The popularity of TV brought about the emergence of TV series featuring detectives, investigators, special agents, lawyers, in Britain, The Avengers about the adventures of gentleman agent John Steed and his partner, Emma Peel, achieved cult status. In Germany, Derrick became a household word, breaking Bad character Walter White is a methamphetamine drug manufacturer, this offered a different approach whereby the protagonist is the criminal instead of being the detective. Crime films may fall under several different subgenres and these include, Crime comedy - A hybrid of crime and comedy films. Mafia comedy looks at organized crime from a comical standpoint, humor comes from the incompetence of the criminals and/or black comedy. Examples include Analyze This, The Pope of Greenwich Village, Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, In Bruges, tower Heist and Pain & Gain. Crime drama - A combination of crime and dramatic films, examples include such films as Straight Time and Badlands. Crime thriller - A thriller in which the characters are involved in crime, either in its investigation, as the perpetrator or, less commonly. While some action films could be labelled as such for merely having criminality and thrills, the emphasis in this genre is the drama, examples include Untraceable, Silence of the Lambs, Heat, Seven, Witness, Memories of Murder, The Call, and Running Scared

15.
Abel Ferrara
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Abel Ferrara is an American filmmaker, known for the provocative and often controversial content in his films, his use of neo-noir imagery and gritty urban settings. A long-time independent filmmaker, some of his best known films include Ms.45, King of New York, Bad Lieutenant, Ferrara was born in the Bronx of Italian and Irish descent. He was raised Catholic, which had an effect on much of his work. At 15 he moved to Peekskill in Westchester, New York and he attended the film conservatory at SUNY Purchase, where he directed several short films, most of which are all available on The Short Films of Abel Ferrara collection. Soon finding himself out of work, he directed a film titled 9 Lives of a Wet Pussy in 1976. Ferrara first drew an audience with his grindhouse movie The Driller Killer. He followed it with Ms.45, a revenge film starring Zoë Tamerlis. Ferrara was next hired to direct Fear City, starring Tom Berenger, Melanie Griffith, Billy Dee Williams, Rae Dawn Chong, true to form, it depicted a seedy Times Square strip club, where a kung fu slasher stalks and murders the girls after work. Berenger portrayed a boxer who has to use his fighting skills to defeat the killer. The cast included Wesley Snipes and David Caruso, as with most of Ferraras films, the screenplay was written by Nicholas St. John. Ferrara next directed Harvey Keitel in a performance as the titular Bad Lieutenant. Keitel plays a foul-mouthed, sex-addicted drug-using cop who wrestles with guilt, the script was co-written by Ms.45 star Zoë Tamerlis. Both Ferrara and Keitel were nominated for Spirit Awards and, despite its controversial content, director Martin Scorsese also named it one of his top 10 films of the 1990s. In the mid-1990s Ferrara returned to independent filmmaking, directing two well-received movies, The Addiction and The Funeral, the film also features Christopher Walken, Annabella Sciorra, Edie Falco, Paul Calderon, Kathryn Erbe and Michael Imperioli. It was also co-produced by Russell Simmons, the Funeral starred Christopher Walken, Chris Penn, Isabella Rossellini, Benicio del Toro, Vincent Gallo and others. In 1996 he directed a video for French singer Mylène Farmers song California. After making The Blackout with Matthew Modine and Dennis Hopper, he contributed to the omnibus HBO–television movie Subway Stories, Ferrara then made New Rose Hotel, which reunited him with Christopher Walken. Ferrara returned three years later with R Xmas, which starred Drea de Matteo and Ice-T, the multi-plot film concerns an actress who stars in a Passion of the Christ-like movie about Jesus, where she plays Mary Magdalene, with whom she subsequently becomes obsessed

16.
Film premiere
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A premiere or première is the debut of a play, film, dance, or musical composition. A work will often have many premières, a world première, four years later, it was staged again, this time in English, which was its English-language première in Britain. Raymond F. Betts attributes the introduction of the premiere to Sid Grauman. Season premiere Film festival Film release Television pilot Media related to Premiere at Wikimedia Commons

17.
66th Venice International Film Festival
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The 66th annual Venice Film Festival held in Venice, Italy, was opened on 2 September 2009 by Baarìa - La porta del vento. International competition jury, led by Ang Lee, awarded Leone dOro to Lebanon, the festival was closed on 12 September 2009, with Maria Grazia Cucinotta serving as the festivals hostess. The following 25 films competed for the Leone doro, official website 66th Venice Film Festival 2009

18.
New Orleans
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New Orleans is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city was 343,829 as of the 2010 U. S. Census, the New Orleans metropolitan area had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statistical Area, a trading area, had a 2010 population of 1,452,502. The city is named after the Duke of Orleans, who reigned as Regent for Louis XV from 1715 to 1723, as it was established by French colonists and it is well known for its distinct French and Spanish Creole architecture, as well as its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage. New Orleans is also famous for its cuisine, music, and its celebrations and festivals, most notably Mardi Gras. The city is referred to as the most unique in the United States. New Orleans is located in southeastern Louisiana, straddling the Mississippi River, the city and Orleans Parish are coterminous. The city and parish are bounded by the parishes of St. Tammany to the north, St. Bernard to the east, Plaquemines to the south, and Jefferson to the south and west. Lake Pontchartrain, part of which is included in the city limits, lies to the north, before Hurricane Katrina, Orleans Parish was the most populous parish in Louisiana. As of 2015, it ranks third in population, trailing neighboring Jefferson Parish, La Nouvelle-Orléans was founded May 7,1718, by the French Mississippi Company, under the direction of Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, on land inhabited by the Chitimacha. It was named for Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, who was Regent of the Kingdom of France at the time and his title came from the French city of Orléans. The French colony was ceded to the Spanish Empire in the Treaty of Paris, during the American Revolutionary War, New Orleans was an important port for smuggling aid to the rebels, transporting military equipment and supplies up the Mississippi River. Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, Count of Gálvez successfully launched a campaign against the British from the city in 1779. New Orleans remained under Spanish control until 1803, when it reverted briefly to French oversight, nearly all of the surviving 18th-century architecture of the Vieux Carré dates from the Spanish period, the most notable exception being the Old Ursuline Convent. Napoleon sold Louisiana to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, thereafter, the city grew rapidly with influxes of Americans, French, Creoles, and Africans. Later immigrants were Irish, Germans, and Italians, Major commodity crops of sugar and cotton were cultivated with slave labor on large plantations outside the city. The Haitian Revolution ended in 1804 and established the republic in the Western Hemisphere. It had occurred several years in what was then the French colony of Saint-Domingue

19.
Hurricane Katrina
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Hurricane Katrina was the costliest natural disaster and one of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States. The storm is ranked as the third most intense United States landfalling tropical cyclone. Overall, at least 1,245 people died in the hurricane and subsequent floods, total property damage was estimated at $108 billion, roughly four times the damage wrought by Hurricane Andrew in 1992 in the United States. Early the following day, the new depression intensified into Tropical Storm Katrina, the cyclone headed generally westward toward Florida and strengthened into a hurricane only two hours before making landfall at Hallandale Beach and Aventura on August 25. After very briefly weakening to a storm, Katrina emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on August 26. The storm caused severe destruction along the Gulf coast from central Florida to Texas, much of it due to the storm surge, severe property damage occurred in coastal areas, such as Mississippi beachfront towns, over 90 percent of these were flooded. Boats and casino barges rammed buildings, pushing cars and houses inland, over fifty breaches in New Orleanss hurricane surge protection were the cause of the majority of the death and destruction during Katrina on August 29,2005. Eventually 80% of the city and large tracts of neighboring parishes became flooded, according to a modeling exercise conducted by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, two-thirds of the deaths in Greater New Orleans were due to levee and floodwall failure. All of the studies concluded that the USACE, the designers and builders of the levee system as mandated by the Flood Control Act of 1965, is responsible. This is mainly due to a decision to use shorter steel sheet pilings in an effort to save money, exactly ten years after Katrina, J. Many other government officials were criticized for their responses, especially New Orleans Mayor Ray Nagin, Louisiana Governor Kathleen Blanco, several agencies including the United States Coast Guard, National Hurricane Center, and National Weather Service were commended for their actions. They provided accurate hurricane weather tracking forecasts with sufficient lead time, Hurricane Katrina formed as Tropical Depression Twelve over the southeastern Bahamas on August 23,2005, as the result of an interaction of a tropical wave and the remains of Tropical Depression Ten. It strengthened into Tropical Storm Katrina on the morning of August 24, the tropical storm moved towards Florida, and became a hurricane only two hours before making landfall between Hallandale Beach and Aventura on the morning of August 25. The storm weakened over land, but it regained hurricane status about one hour after entering the Gulf of Mexico, on August 27, the storm reached Category 3 intensity on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale, becoming the third major hurricane of the season. An eyewall replacement cycle disrupted the intensification, but caused the storm to nearly double in size, the storm rapidly intensified after entering the Gulf, growing from a Category 3 hurricane to a Category 5 hurricane in just nine hours. This rapid growth was due to the movement over the unusually warm waters of the Loop Current. Katrina attained Category 5 status on the morning of August 28 and reached its peak strength at 1800 UTC that day, with sustained winds of 175 mph. However, this record was broken by Hurricane Rita

20.
Vicodin
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It is used as a prescription drug to relieve moderate to severe pain. It exists in tablet, elixir and solution in various strengths for oral administration and it can be addictive and is easy to overdose on. Hydrocodone/acetaminophen is a two-ingredient combination formula consisting of the opioid hydrocodone and it is indicated for relief of moderate to severe pain of acute, chronic or postoperative types. Hydrocodone/acetaminophen comes in oral solution and tablet formulations, however strength of each component may vary, in October 2014, the Drug Enforcement Administration rescheduled hydrocodone combination drugs from schedule III to schedule II due to its risk for misuse, abuse, and diversions. Hydrocodone diversion and recreational use has escalated in recent years due to its opioid effects, pregnancy category C, Risk in pregnancy cannot be ruled out. Animal controlled studies have not been conducted with this medication, low concentrations of acetaminophen is excreted through breast milk, however, hydrocodones excretion is unknown. Use with caution due to risk of toxicity. Most of the cases of injury are associated with the use of acetaminophen at doses that exceed 4000 milligrams per day. Do not take hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets if you are allergic to any of its ingredients, if you develop signs of allergy such as a rash or difficulty breathing stop taking hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets and contact your healthcare provider immediately. Acetaminophen, Liver and kidney failure, low blood sugar coma may occur, concurrent use with alcohol products may increase the risk of acute liver failure. Laboratory function tests should be used to monitor therapy in people with liver or renal disease. Mechanism of action, Hydrocodone acts primarily at the mu-opioid receptors, absorption/distribution, The oral formulation can be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and remain 20-50% bound to plasma proteins. The onset of analgesia is about 20 to 30 minutes with duration of 4 to 8 hours, metabolism/excretion, It is metabolized to norhydrocodone by cytochrome P450 3A4 and to hydromorphone, also biologically active, by cytochrome P450 2D6. Mechanism of action, Acetaminophen acts to inhibit COX enzyme, which is responsible for prostaglandin synthesis, prostaglandins increase the perception of pain. Inhibition of prostaglandin helps to alleviate pain. Absorption/distribution, The half-life of oral acetaminophen is 1.25 to 3 hours, 85% of the oral dose is excreted renally. At high doses, the supply of glutathione cannot meet its demand, the panel also cited concerns of liver damage from their acetaminophen component, which is also the main ingredient in commonly used nonprescription drugs such as Tylenol. Each year, acetaminophen overdose is linked to about 400 deaths and 42,000 hospitalizations, in 2010, more than 16,000 deaths were attributed to abuse of opioid drugs

21.
Drug addiction
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Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, despite adverse consequences. The two properties that characterize all addictive stimuli are that they are reinforcing and intrinsically rewarding, ΔFosB, a gene transcription factor, is a critical component and common factor in the development of virtually all forms of behavioral and drug addictions. Due to the relationship between ΔFosB expression and addictions, it is used preclinically as an addiction biomarker. ΔFosB expression in these neurons directly and positively regulates drug self-administration and reward sensitization through positive reinforcement, classic hallmarks of addiction include impaired control over substances or behavior, preoccupation with substance or behavior, and continued use despite consequences. Habits and patterns associated with addiction are typically characterized by immediate gratification, the only behavioral addiction recognized by the DSM-5 is gambling addiction. The term addiction is misused frequently to refer to other behaviors or disorders, particularly dependence. Addiction is the use of a substance or performance of a behavior that is independent of withdrawal. Cognitive control and stimulus control, which is associated with operant and classical conditioning, cognitive control, and particularly inhibitory control over behavior, is impaired in both addiction and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Stimulus-driven behavioral responses that are associated with a rewarding stimulus tend to dominate ones behavior in an addiction. The term behavioral addiction correctly refers to a compulsion to engage in a natural reward – which is a behavior that is inherently rewarding – despite adverse consequences, reviews of preclinical studies indicate that long-term frequent and excessive consumption of high fat or sugar foods can produce an addiction. Gambling is a natural reward which is associated with behavior and for which clinical diagnostic manuals. There is evidence from functional neuroimaging that gambling activates the reward system, similarly, shopping and playing videogames are associated with compulsive behaviors in humans and have also been shown to activate the mesolimbic pathway and other parts of the reward system. Based upon this evidence, gambling addiction, video game addiction, there are a range of genetic and environmental risk factors for developing an addiction that vary across the population. Roughly half of a risk for developing an addiction is derived from genetics. However, even in individuals with a low genetic loading. In other words, anyone can become an addict under the right circumstances, adolescence represents a period of unique vulnerability for developing addiction. Not only are more likely to initiate and maintain drug use. Statistics have shown that those who start to drink alcohol at a younger age are more likely to become dependent later on, about 33% of the population tasted their first alcohol between the ages of 15 and 17, while 18% experienced it prior to this

22.
Painkiller
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Painkiller is a first-person shooter video game released on April 12,2004. It was developed by Polish game studio People Can Fly and published by DreamCatcher Interactive and it is notable for using the Havok 2.0 physics engine extensively. The single player campaign gameplay involves killing large numbers of monsters, the game was particularly well received for its multiplayer experience. Painkiller was featured for two seasons on the Cyberathlete Professional Leagues World Tour, the game is inspired by such classic titles as Quake, Doom and Serious Sam, with the emphasis on killing large numbers of monsters. The game is divided into five chapters, each about five levels long, the players objective is to get through each level, from start to finish, by slaughtering hundreds of monsters. One of the games most important aspects is its diversity, each level presents a new location with various themes and graphic styles. The levels include castles, monasteries, a house, Venice, graveyards. Monsters are also different, with new ones almost every level. There are five boss levels where the fights a boss. The game presents an option to complete a special task each level, which results in the getting a tarot card. Each equipped card provides different bonuses for a amount of time. The game features multiplayer, which includes classic modes like Deathmatch, the game revolves around a young man named Daniel Garner, who is happily married to his wife Catherine. At the start of the game, Daniel is about to take Catherine out for a birthday meal, both of them are killed instantly in the crash. While Catherine manages to make it to Heaven and lives in harmony, one day, an angel called Samael tells him that in order to receive purification, he has to kill four of Lucifers generals in order to prevent a war between Heaven and Hell. Lucifer has been organizing a massive army that could overwhelm Heaven. Small portions of the army are already beginning the march, with little choice available to him, Daniel accepts the task. These include Medieval Europe, Babylon, the Crusades, 1800s, after killing the first general, Daniel meets a woman named Eve, another soul who has been in Purgatory for a long time. She gives him information about the whereabouts of the remaining generals and she also tells him about life in Purgatory, and the possibility that he could be dragged to Hell should he fall in battle and become lost forever

23.
Cocaine
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Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug. It is commonly snorted, inhaled, or injected into the veins, mental effects may include loss of contact with reality, an intense feeling of happiness, or agitation. Physical symptoms may include a fast heart rate, sweating, high doses can result in very high blood pressure or body temperature. Effects begin within seconds to minutes of use and last between five and ninety minutes, Cocaine has a small number of accepted medical uses such as numbing and decreasing bleeding during nasal surgery. Cocaine is addictive due to its effect on the pathway in the brain. After a short period of use, there is a risk that dependence will occur. Its use also increases the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, lung problems in those who smoke it, blood infections, Cocaine sold on the street is commonly mixed with local anesthetics, cornstarch, quinine, or sugar which can result in additional toxicity. Following repeated doses a person may have decreased ability to feel pleasure, Cocaine acts by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. This results in concentrations of these three neurotransmitters in the brain. It can easily cross the barrier and may lead to the breakdown of the barrier. Cocaine is made from the leaves of the plant which are mostly grown in South America. In 2013,419 kilograms were produced legally and it is estimated that the illegal market for cocaine is 100 to 500 billion USD each year. With further processing crack cocaine can be produced from cocaine, after cannabis, cocaine is the most frequently used illegal drug globally. Between 14 and 21 million people use the drug each year, use is highest in North America followed by Europe and South America. Between one and three percent of people in the world have used cocaine at some point in their life. In 2013 cocaine use resulted in 4,300 deaths. The leaves of the plant have been used by Peruvians since ancient times. Cocaine was first isolated from the leaves in 1860, since 1961 the international Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs has required countries to make recreational use of cocaine a crime

24.
Cannabis (drug)
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Cannabis, also known as marijuana among several other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. The main psychoactive part of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol, one of 483 known compounds in the plant, Cannabis can be used by smoking, vaporization, within food, or as an extract. Cannabis is often used for its mental and physical effects, such as a high or stoned feeling, a change in perception, euphoria. Short term side effects may include a decrease in short-term memory, dry mouth, impaired motor skills, red eyes, long term side effects may include addiction, decreased mental ability in those who started as teenagers, and behavioral problems in children whose mothers used cannabis during pregnancy. Onset of effects is within minutes when smoked and about 30 to 60 minutes when cooked and they last for between two and six hours. Cannabis is mostly used recreationally or as a medicinal drug and it may also be used for religious or spiritual purposes. In 2013, between 128 and 232 million people used cannabis, in 2015, 43% of Americans had used cannabis, which increased to 51% in 2016. About 12% have used it in the past year, and 7. 3% have used it in the past month and this makes it the most commonly used illegal drug both in the world and the United States. The earliest recorded uses date from the 3rd millennium BC, since the early 20th century, cannabis has been subject to legal restrictions. The possession, use, and sale of cannabis is illegal in most countries of the world, Medical cannabis refers to the physician-recommended use of cannabis, which is taking place in Canada, Belgium, Australia, the Netherlands, Spain, and 23 U. S. states. Cannabis use started to become popular in the US in the 1970s, support for legalization has increased in the United States and several US states have legalized recreational or medical use. Medical cannabis, or medical marijuana can refer to the use of cannabis and its cannabinoids to treat disease or improve symptoms, however, the use of cannabis as a medicine has not been rigorously scientifically tested, often due to production restrictions and other federal regulations. There is limited evidence suggesting cannabis can be used to reduce nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, to improve appetite in people with HIV/AIDS and its use for other medical applications is insufficient for conclusions about safety or efficacy. Short-term use increases the risk of minor and major adverse effects. Common side effects include dizziness, feeling tired, vomiting, long-term effects of cannabis are not clear. Concerns include memory and cognition problems, risk of addiction, schizophrenia in people. Cannabis has psychoactive and physiological effects when consumed, at higher doses, effects can include altered body image, auditory and/or visual illusions, pseudohallucinations and ataxia from selective impairment of polysynaptic reflexes. In some cases, cannabis can lead to states such as depersonalization and derealization

25.
Alcoholics Anonymous
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Alcoholics Anonymous is an international mutual aid fellowship founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio. AAs stated primary purpose is to help alcoholics stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety, with other early members, Bill Wilson and Bob Smith developed AAs Twelve Step program of spiritual and character development. AAs initial Twelve Traditions were introduced in 1946 to help the fellowship be stable, the Traditions recommend that members and groups remain anonymous in public media, altruistically help other alcoholics and avoid official affiliations with other organizations. They also advise against dogma and coercive hierarchies, subsequent fellowships such as Narcotics Anonymous have adopted and adapted the Twelve Steps and the Twelve Traditions to their respective primary purposes. According to AAs 2014 membership survey, 27% of members have been less than one year, 24% have 1–5 years sober, 13% have 5–10 years, 14% have 10–20 years. Studies of AAs efficacy have produced inconsistent results, while some studies have suggested an association between AA attendance and increased abstinence or other positive outcomes, other studies have not. The first female member, Florence Rankin, joined AA in March 1937, and the first non-Protestant member, AA membership has since spread across diverse cultures holding different beliefs and values, including geopolitical areas resistant to grassroots movements. Over 2 million people worldwide are members of AA as of 2016, AAs name is derived from its first book, informally called The Big Book, originally titled Alcoholics Anonymous, The Story of How More Than One Hundred Men Have Recovered From Alcoholism. AA sprang from The Oxford Group, a non-denominational movement modeled after first-century Christianity, some members founded the Group to help in maintaining sobriety. Feeling a kinship of common suffering and, though drunk, Wilson attended his first Group gathering, within days, Wilson admitted himself to the Charles B. Towns Hospital after drinking four beers on the way—the last alcohol he ever drank, under the care of Dr. William Duncan Silkworth, Wilsons detox included the deliriant belladonna. At the hospital a despairing Wilson experienced a flash of light. Following his hospital discharge Wilson joined the Oxford Group and recruited other alcoholics to the Group, Wilsons early efforts to help others become sober were ineffective, prompting Dr. Silkworth to suggest that Wilson place less stress on religion and more on the science of treating alcoholism. Wilsons first success came during a trip to Akron, Ohio, where he was introduced to Dr. Robert Smith. After thirty days of working with Wilson, Smith drank his last drink on June 10,1935, by 1937, Wilson separated from the Oxford Group. AA Historian Ernest Kurtz described the split. more and more, Bill discovered that new adherents could get sober by believing in each other and this, then—whatever it was that occurred among them—was what they could accept as a power greater than themselves. They did not need the Oxford Group, in 1955, Wilson acknowledged AAs debt, saying The Oxford Groupers had clearly shown us what to do. And just as importantly, we learned from them not to do

26.
Illegal immigration
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Many countries have had or currently have laws restricting immigration. Whether a person is permitted to stay in a country legally may be decided by quotas or point systems or may be based on such as family ties. Article 13 on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares the right to any country, including ones own. Illegal immigration, as well as immigration in general, is overwhelmingly upward, however, it is also noted that illegal immigrants tend not to be the poorest within the populations they emigrate from. Living in another country illegally includes a variety of restrictions as well as the risk of being detained and deported or of facing other sanctions, if the status of being illegal is any way perceivable to host community residents, illigal migrants may additionally face visible or verbal disdain. There have been campaigns in many countries since 2007 discouraging the use of the illegal immigrant. They are generally based on the argument that the act of immigrating illegally does not make the people themselves illegal, however, related terms that do not directly describe people are still used. For example, Associated Press still uses the illegal immigration to describe the action of entering or residing in a country illegally. In contrast, in some contexts the term illegal immigrants is shortened, often pejoratively, there are multiple models that try to explain illegal immigration from the perspective of the immigrants. Gaining employment and legal status are mainly what is perceived as successful result of the illegal immigration, there are two contradicting views on the impact of illegal immigrants on the labor market in terms of competition between host community workers and newcomers. According to this view it is assumed that illegal workers tend to add to, and compete with, Illegal workers may find employment by accepting lower wages than host community workers, sometimes below the minimum wage and off-the-books. This may result in a downward spiralling of wages, economist George Borjas has calculated that real wages of US workers without a high school degree declined by 9% from 1980–2000 and claims that this was due to competition from illegal immigrants. Since the decline of middle-class blue-collar jobs in manufacturing and industry, in the US, only 12% of the labor force has less than high school education, but 70% of illegal workers from Mexico lack a high school degree. The majority of new blue-collar jobs qualify as Masseys underclass work, and suffer from unreliability, subservient roles and, critically, from this it is assumed that the willingness to take undesirable jobs is what gives illegal immigrants their employment. Entry-level white-collar and service jobs offer advancement opportunities only for people with work permits, however, the advantage decreases with the skill level of the firms workers, In recent years, developing countries have pursued the benefits of globalization by adopting measures to liberalize trade. Illegal immigrants are not impoverished by standards of the home country, the poorest classes in a developing country may lack the resources needed to mount an attempt to cross illegally, or the connections to friends or family already in the destination country. Other examples do show that increases in poverty, especially associated with immediate crises. It also marked the start of a swell in Mexican immigration

27.
Senegal
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Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country in West Africa. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania in the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast, and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal also borders The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, Senegal also shares a maritime border with Cape Verde. Senegals economic and political capital is Dakar and it is the westernmost country in the mainland of the Old World, or Afro-Eurasia, and owes its name to the Senegal River, which borders it to the east and north. The name Senegal comes from the Wolof Sunuu Gaal, which means Our Boat, Senegal covers a land area of almost 197,000 square kilometres and has an estimated population of about 15 million. The climate is Sahelian, but there is a rainy season, the territory of modern Senegal has been inhabited by various ethnic groups since prehistory. Organized kingdoms emerged around the century, and parts of the country were ruled by prominent regional empires such as the Jolof Empire. The present state of Senegal has its roots in European colonialism, which began during the mid-15th century, the establishment of coastal trading posts gradually led to control of the mainland, culminating in French rule of the area by the 19th century, albeit amid much local resistance. Senegal peacefully attained independence from France in 1960, and has since been among the politically stable countries in Africa. Senegals economy is centered mostly on commodities and natural resources, major industries are fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials, and ship construction and repair. As in most African nations, agriculture is a sector, with Senegal producing several important cash crops, including peanuts, sugarcane, cotton, green beans, tomatoes, melons. Owing to its stability, tourism and hospitality are also burgeoning sectors. A multiethnic and secular nation, Senegal is predominantly Sunni Muslim with Sufi, French is the official language, although many native languages are spoken and recognized. Since April 2012 Senegals president has been Macky Sall, Senegal has been a member of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie since 1970. Senegal is named after the Senegal River, the etymology of which is contested, one popular theory is that it stems from the Wolof phrase sunu gaal, which means our canoe, resulting from a miscommunication between 15th-century Portuguese sailors and Wolof fishermen. The our canoe theory has been embraced in modern Senegal for its charm. It is frequently used in appeals to national solidarity, frequently heard in the media, modern historians believe the name probably refers to the Sanhaja, Berbers who lived on the northern side of the river. A competing theory is that it derives from the town of Sanghana

28.
Bookie
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A bookmaker, bookie, or turf accountant is an organization that, or a person who, takes bets on sporting and other events at agreed-upon odds. When a large bet comes in, a bookmaker may also try to lay off the risk by buying bets from other bookmakers. Bookmakers do not generally attempt to make money from the bets themselves but rather by acting as market makers and their working methods are similar to that of an actuary, who does a similar balancing of financial outcomes of events for the assurance and insurance industries. Depending on jurisdiction, bookmaking may be legal or illegal, and is often regulated, however, gambling debts were unenforceable under English law until the Gambling Act 2005. Many bookmakers are members of IBAS, an industry organisation used to settle disputes, bookmaking is generally illegal in the United States, with Nevada being a notable exception due to the influence of Las Vegas. In some countries, such as Singapore, Sweden, Canada, and Japan, in Canada, this is part of the lottery program and is known as Sport Select. Following the Gaming Act 1845, the only gambling allowed in the United Kingdom was at race tracks, the introduction of special excursion trains meant that all classes of society could attend the new racecourses opening across the country. Cash concentrated towards the bookmakers who employed bodyguards against protection gangs operating within the vast crowds, in 1961, Harold Macmillans Conservative government legalised betting shops, with tough measures enacted to ensure that bookmakers remained honest. A large industry has grown since, at one time, there were over 15,000 betting shops. Now, through consolidation, they have reduced to between 9,100 and 9,200 in 2013. The group of the largest bookmakers in the country, known as the Big Three, comprises William Hill, Ladbrokes, improved TV coverage and the modernisation of the law have allowed betting in shops and casinos in most countries. A so-called super-casino had been planned for construction in Manchester, although online gambling first started in 1994 when the licensing authority of Antigua and Barbuda passed the Free Trade & Processes Act, bookmakers did not get involved until 2001. They were forced to act when research at the time there were eight million online players worldwide. The main websites require bets to be from countries where Internet gambling is allowed, some small bookmakers and startups purchase software from specialized white label solution providers. Controversially, the explosion in Internet gambling is being linked to a rise in gambling addiction, according to the UKs help and advice organizations for addicts, GamCare and Gamblers Anonymous. These online exchange markets operate a market index of prices near but usually not at 100% competitiveness, true wholesale odds are odds that operate at 100% of probabilistic outcomes. Betting exchanges compete with the traditional bookmaker, however, traditionally, arbitrage has always been possible by backing all outcomes with bookmakers, as opposed to laying an outcome on an exchange. Exchanges, however, allow bookmakers to see the state of the market and set their odds accordingly, with the increasing number of online betting exchanges, betting exchanges are now providing free bet offers in an attempt to lure customers away from the competition

29.
Michael Shannon
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Michael Corbett Shannon is an American actor and musician. He made his debut opposite Bill Murray in Groundhog Day and received widespread attention for his performance in 8 Mile. Shannon is known for his versatility, performing in both comedies and dramas. Notable projects include Pearl Harbor, Bad Boys II, Bug, Before the Devil Knows Youre Dead, The Iceman, Man of Steel and Elvis & Nixon. He is a frequent collaborator with Jeff Nichols, appearing in all of his films, Shotgun Stories, Take Shelter, Mud, Midnight Special and he is also known for his role as Nelson Van Alden/George Mueller in the HBO period drama series Boardwalk Empire. Shannon has been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, first for Revolutionary Road. 99 Homes further earned him nominations for a Screen Actors Guild Award, Shannon was born in Lexington, Kentucky, and is a grandson of entomologist Raymond Corbett Shannon. His father, Donald Sutherlin Shannon, was a professor at DePaul University. He was raised by his parents in both Lexington, Kentucky, and Chicago, Illinois. He attended New Trier High School in Winnetka, Illinois and he later became a stage actor in Chicago. He helped found A Red Orchid Theatre, where he regularly performs. He has since worked with the Steppenwolf Theatre Company, Northlight Theatre, Shannon originated the role of Peter Evans in Bug in 1996 and also starred in the 2006 film adaptation with Ashley Judd and Harry Connick Jr. directed by William Friedkin. His roles in Bug and Killer Joe were written by Steppenwolf ensemble member Tracy Letts, Shannon made his film debut with a small role in Groundhog Day in 1993 as a wedding groom. Later, he had roles in Jesus Son, Pearl Harbor,8 Mile and he played the villain in Kangaroo Jack. After a role in Bad Boys II, he had a role in Grand Theft Parsons as the hippie. In 2006, he played the leader of a white supremacist group, Lynard. Shannon has appeared in shows in the West End in London. Shannons role in Revolutionary Road, also starring Kate Winslet and Leonardo DiCaprio, in the 2010 HBO television show Boardwalk Empire, Shannon plays the role of Federal Prohibition agent Nelson Van Alden

30.
Shawn Hatosy
–
Shawn Wayne Hatosy is an American film and television actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles in the films In & Out, The Faculty, Outside Providence, Anywhere but Here,11,14, The Cooler, and Alpha Dog. Shawn Hatosy was born in Frederick, Maryland, to Carol Ann, a loan officer and he has Hungarian and Irish ancestry. He grew up in the Loch Haven neighborhood of Ijamsville, Maryland, attended New Market Middle School, Hatosy took his middle name, Wayne, from his father. Hatosys two most recent films are Public Enemies, starring Johnny Depp and Christian Bale, and Bad Lieutenant, Port of Call New Orleans, in which Hatosy portrays Nicolas Cages partner, Armand Benoit. Hatosy has appeared in past films such as Soldiers Girl, The Faculty, In & Out, The Cooler, Outside Providence, Anywhere but Here, John Q, A Guy Thing, and 2007s Alpha Dog. Hatosy auditioned for a role in the 1999 film Varsity Blues. Hatosy appeared as Detective Sammy Bryant in the NBC/TNT television series Southland and his latest successful roles were that of serial killer Boyd Fowler on the Showtime television series Dexter and police officer, Terry McCandless in Reckless. He is currently starring as Pope Cody on the TNT crime drama series Animal Kingdom, Hatosy was a singer in his own band, and graduated from Linganore High School in 1994. He made an appearance in Wheatuss Music Video for their single A Little Respect and he also made an appearance in Justin Timberlakes music video for his single What Goes Around. In 2005, he performed opposite Al Pacino in Lyle Kesslers Orphans at the Greenway Court Theatre in Los Angeles, Hatosy also took on the title role in the La Jolla Playhouse production of The Collected Works of Billy the Kid. Off-Broadway, he starred opposite Anna Paquin in the Paul Weitz comedy Roulette and he also performed in Roulette, an Ensemble Studio Theater production directed by Trip Cullman. The characters include a dizzy, distant dad, a sweet, adulterous, alcoholic mom, a son. Shawn married Kelly Albanese in December 2010, the couple lives in Los Angeles with their sons, Jordan Cassius and Leo Hatosy. Shawn Hatosy at the Internet Movie Database Shawn Hatosy at AllMovie

31.
Ghost Rider (2007 film)
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Ghost Rider is a 2007 American supernatural superhero film written and directed by Mark Steven Johnson. It is based on the character of the name appearing in Marvel Comics. The film stars Nicolas Cage as Ghost Rider/Johnny Blaze with supporting roles done by Eva Mendes, Wes Bentley, Sam Elliott, Donal Logue, Matt Long, and Peter Fonda. The film was met with reviews by critics and Ghost Rider fans but was a success at the box office. Ghost Rider was released theatrically on February 16,2007 in the United States by Columbia Pictures, Ghost Rider was released on DVD, Blu-ray Disc and UMD on June 12,2007 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. A sequel, Ghost Rider, Spirit of Vengeance, was released on February 17,2012, seeing that the contract would give Mephistopheles the power to unleash Hell on Earth, the Rider refuses to give him the contract. In 1986, Mephistopheles reaches out to 17-year-old stunt motorcycle rider Johnny Blaze, offering to cure his fathers cancer in exchange for Blazes soul, to which he hastily accepts. The next morning, Blaze awakes to discover that his fathers cancer is cured, Blaze accuses Mephistopheles of causing his fathers death, but Mephistopheles considers their contract to be fulfilled and promises to one day see him again. 21 years later, Blaze has become a stunt motorcycle rider known for surviving numerous deadly crashes. Blaze meets his lifelong sweetheart Roxanne Simpson, now a news reporter and he convinces her to attend a dinner date. Meanwhile, Blackheart, the son of Mephistopheles, comes to Earth. They are tasked to find the lost Contract of San Venganza, in response, Mephistopheles makes Blaze the new Ghost Rider and offers to return his soul if he defeats Blackheart, though he is also told he has no choice in the matter. Blaze is driven straight to the station on his first ride, where he transforms into the Ghost Rider and kills the Earth Angel Gressil. He also saves a girl from a mugger and incapacitates him with the Penance Stare The next day, he meets a man called the Caretaker. He tells him everything that happened was not a dream and that it will happen again, when he arrives home, Blaze finds Simpson and reveals himself as the Devils bounty hunter. Unconvinced, she walks away in disbelief, Blaze returns home to find that Blackheart has killed his friend Mack and has taken Roxanne captive, threatening to kill her if Blaze does not deliver the contract. Blaze tries to use the Penance Stare on Blackheart, only for it not to work since Blackheart has no soul to burn, Blaze returns to the Caretaker and obtains the contract. The Caretaker reveals that he is Carter Slade, Slade tells Blaze that he is more powerful than his predecessors since he sold his soul for love as opposed to greed

32.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange

33.
81st Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards in 24 categories. The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC, and was produced by Bill Condon and Laurence Mark, Actor Hugh Jackman hosted the show for the first time. Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California held on February 7, Slumdog Millionaire won eight awards, the most of the evening, including Best Picture and Best Director for Danny Boyle. The telecast garnered almost 37 million viewers in the United States, the nominees for the 81st Academy Awards were announced on January 22,2009, at 5,38 a. m. PST at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Sid Ganis, president of the Academy, the Curious Case of Benjamin Button received the most nominations with thirteen, Slumdog Millionaire came in second with ten. The winners were announced during the ceremony on February 22,2009. Slumdog Millionaire was the film to win Best Picture without any acting nominations. Sean Penn became the person to win Best Lead Actor twice. Best Supporting Actor winner Heath Ledger became the performer to win a posthumous acting Oscar. The first actor to receive this distinction was Peter Finch who posthumously won Best Actor for Network two months after his death in January 1977. With its six nominations, Best Animated Feature Film winner WALL-E tied with 1991s Beauty, winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface. Jerry Lewis The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers, in September 2008, the Academy selected producers Bill Condon and Laurence Mark to co-produce the telecast. Nearly three months later, actor Hugh Jackman, who had previously emceed three consecutive Tony Awards ceremonies between 2003 and 2005, was chosen as host of the 2009 gala. Jackman expressed his anticipation of the awards in the few days preceding, notable changes were introduced in the production of the telecast. Another unique feature of the ceremony was that the orchestra performed onstage instead of being relegated to a pit, in a break from previous presentations, five previous Oscar-winning performers presented each of the acting categories as opposed to only one or two. In addition, the Academy announced that for the first time since Oscar began broadcasting on television, furthermore, a montage of upcoming 2009 films was shown over the ceremonys closing credits. Several other people participated in the production of the ceremony, chris Harrison hosted Road to the Oscars, a weekly behind-the-scenes video blog on the Oscar ceremony website. David Rockwell designed a new set and stage design for the ceremony, Film historian and author Robert Osborne greeted guests entering the festivities at the Hollywood and Highland Center

Bad Lieutenant
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Bad Lieutenant is a 1992 American neo-noir crime drama film directed by Abel Ferrara. The film stars Harvey Keitel as the bad lieutenant. The screenplay was co-written by Ferrara with actor-writer Paul Calderón and actress-model Zoë Lund, the film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival. After dropping off his

1.
Theatrical release poster

Werner Herzog
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Werner Herzog is a German screenwriter, film director, author, actor, and opera director. Herzog is considered one of the greatest figures of the New German Cinema, along with Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Margarethe von Trotta, Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Schröter, and Wim Wenders. Herzogs films often feature heroes with impossible dreams, people with

1.
Werner Herzog, 2009

2.
Werner Herzog's star in Boulevard der Stars in Berlin.

3.
Herzog in Brussels, 2007

4.
Herzog at the 1991 Venice International Film Festival

Nicolas Cage
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Nicolas Kim Coppola, known professionally as Nicolas Cage, is an American actor and producer. He has performed in leading roles in a variety of films, ranging from romantic comedies and he earned his second Academy Award nomination for his performance as Charlie and Donald Kaufman in Adaptation. In 2002, he directed the film Sonny, for which he was

1.
Cage at the Deauville Film Festival in 2013

2.
Nicolas Cage

3.
Cage at the 66th Venice Film Festival in September 2009

4.
Cage at the 2011 San Diego Comic-Con International

Avi Lerner
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Avinoam Avi Lerner is an American-Israeli film producer, primarily of American action movies. Avi Lerner was born in Haifa in 1947, and grew up on Hatzionut Boulevard and he joined the Israeli army in 1966 and served in the Six-Day War and in the Paratroopers Brigade. In an interview with Pnai Plus Lerner said he took part in the battle for the tow

1.
Lerner at the Toronto International Film Festival premiere of Septembers Of Shiraz

Gabe Polsky
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Gabe Polsky is an American film director, writer, and producer. Polsky was born to Soviet immigrants and raised in the Chicago area and he went to the Hotchkiss School for his high school education. After graduating, he went on to Yale University and played hockey there, Polsky wrote, directed and produced Red Army, a documentary film about the Sov

1.
Gabe Polsky speaking at the premiere of Red Army at the 2014 AFI Film Festival

Eva Mendes
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Eva de la Caridad Mendez is an American actress, model and businesswoman. Since then, Mendes has co-starred in films such as All About the Benjamins,2 Fast 2 Furious, Ghost Rider, We Own the Night, Stuck on You, Hitch and she has appeared in several music videos and has sung with CeeLo Green. She designs a fashion collection for New York & Company

1.
Mendes at the 66th Venice International Film Festival

2.
At the 2009 Venice Film Festival.

3.
At the 2009 Venice Film Festival

Jennifer Coolidge
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She is also a regular actor in Christopher Guests mockumentary films. Coolidge is an alumna of The Groundlings, an improv and sketch comedy troupe based in Los Angeles, Coolidge was born in Boston, Massachusetts, to Gretchen and Paul Constant Coolidge, a plastics manufacturer. She was raised in Norwell, Massachusetts, and is one of four children wi

1.
Coolidge at the American Reunion premiere, Paris, France, March 2012

Val Kilmer
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Val Edward Kilmer is an American actor. Originally a stage actor, Kilmer became popular in the mid-1980s after a string of appearances in comedy films, then the cult classic Real Genius, as well as the military action film Top Gun and the fantasy film Willow. Kilmer was born December 31,1959, in Los Angeles, the son of Gladys Swanette and Eugene Do

1.
Kilmer at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival

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Kilmer in June 2005

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Kilmer with 50 Cent at the AMAs 2009

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Kilmer reigning as Bacchus; parade in New Orleans during Mardi Gras in 2009

Brad Dourif
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From June to September 2013, he starred in an Off Broadway revival of Tennessee Williams The Two-Character Play, his first stage appearance in 29 years. His paternal grandparents emigrated from France, and his paternal grandfather co-founded the Standard Ultramarine, after Dourifs father died in 1953, his mother remarried champion golfer William C.

1.
Dourif at Ring*Con 2002 in Bonn, Germany

Xzibit
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Alvin Nathaniel Joiner, better known by his alias Xzibit, is an American rapper, actor, television host, radio personality and record producer. He is known as the host of the MTV show Pimp My Ride and his father left the family early, forcing his mother to raise a young Alvin and his four siblings alone. After her death he had to move in with his f

1.
Xzibit live in Berlin, 2007

2.
Xzibit at the 2004 MTV Video Music Awards in Miami

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Xzibit with some Coast Guardsmen in 2004

4.
Xzibit posing with the W for Weapons of Mass Destruction

Fairuza Balk
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Fairuza Balk is an American film actress. She made her film debut as Dorothy Gale in Disneys 1985 film Return to Oz. Balk also made appearances in Valmont, The Craft, The Island of Dr. Moreau, American History X, The Waterboy, Almost Famous, Balk was born as Fairuza Alejandra Feldthouse in Point Reyes, California. Until age two, Balk lived in Clove

1.
Fairuza Balk, January 2006

Millennium Films
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Nu Image is an American film company started by Avi Lerner, Trevor Short, Danny Dimbort and Danny Lerner in 1992. The company has made to date mostly action films, many of their films are often filmed in South Africa and Bulgaria, among other parts of the world. In 1996, the company launched a label called Millennium Films. com

1.
Lerner at the Toronto International Film Festival premiere of Septembers Of Shiraz

First Look Studios
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First Look Studios was an independent American film distributor, that specialized in home video releases of films and television series. In 1980, Robert and Ellen Little founded Overseas Filmgroup as a sales company for foreign markets. Overseas Filmgroup expanded towards film financing to give the company control over its output. Films ranged from

1.
First Look Studios

Crime drama
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Crime films are a genre of film that focus on crime. The stylistic approach to a crime film varies from realistic portrayals of real-life criminal figures, films dealing with crime and its detection are often based on plays rather than novels. Agatha Christies stage play Witness for the Prosecution was adapted for the big screen by director Billy W

1.
Humphrey Bogart in The Petrified Forest (1936)

Abel Ferrara
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Abel Ferrara is an American filmmaker, known for the provocative and often controversial content in his films, his use of neo-noir imagery and gritty urban settings. A long-time independent filmmaker, some of his best known films include Ms.45, King of New York, Bad Lieutenant, Ferrara was born in the Bronx of Italian and Irish descent. He was rais

1.
Abel Ferrara at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival

2.
Ferrara in 2008.

Film premiere
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A premiere or première is the debut of a play, film, dance, or musical composition. A work will often have many premières, a world première, four years later, it was staged again, this time in English, which was its English-language première in Britain. Raymond F. Betts attributes the introduction of the premiere to Sid Grauman. Season premiere Fil

66th Venice International Film Festival
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The 66th annual Venice Film Festival held in Venice, Italy, was opened on 2 September 2009 by Baarìa - La porta del vento. International competition jury, led by Ang Lee, awarded Leone dOro to Lebanon, the festival was closed on 12 September 2009, with Maria Grazia Cucinotta serving as the festivals hostess. The following 25 films competed for the

1.
Festival poster

2.
66th Venice International Film Festival

New Orleans
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New Orleans is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana. The population of the city was 343,829 as of the 2010 U. S. Census, the New Orleans metropolitan area had a population of 1,167,764 in 2010 and was the 46th largest in the United States. The New Orleans–Metairie–Bogalusa Combined Statisti

1.
From top left: A typical New Orleans mansion off St. Charles Avenue, a streetcar passing by Loyola University and Tulane University, the skyline of the Central Business District, Jackson Square, and a view of Royal Street in the French Quarter

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The Battle of New Orleans (1815)

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Mississippi River steamboats at New Orleans, 1853.

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The starving people of New Orleans under Union occupation during the Civil War, 1862

Hurricane Katrina
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Hurricane Katrina was the costliest natural disaster and one of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States. The storm is ranked as the third most intense United States landfalling tropical cyclone. Overall, at least 1,245 people died in the hurricane and subsequent floods, total property damage was estimated at $108 billion,

1.
Hurricane Katrina at peak strength on August 28, 2005

2.
Hurricane Katrina

3.
Katrina on August 28, nearing the Gulf Coast.

4.
Flanked by Michael Chertoff, Secretary of Homeland Security, left, and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld, President George W. Bush meets with members of the White House Task Force on Hurricane Katrina Recovery on August 31, 2005, in the Cabinet Room of the White House.

Vicodin
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It is used as a prescription drug to relieve moderate to severe pain. It exists in tablet, elixir and solution in various strengths for oral administration and it can be addictive and is easy to overdose on. Hydrocodone/acetaminophen is a two-ingredient combination formula consisting of the opioid hydrocodone and it is indicated for relief of moder

1.
Hydrocodone/paracetamol

Drug addiction
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Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, despite adverse consequences. The two properties that characterize all addictive stimuli are that they are reinforcing and intrinsically rewarding, ΔFosB, a gene transcription factor, is a critical component and common factor in the development of virtually a

1.
Top: this depicts the acute expression of various Fos family proteins following an initial exposure to an addictive drug. Bottom: this illustrates increasing ΔFosB expression from repeated twice daily drug binges, where these phosphorylated (35–37 kD) ΔFosB isoforms persist in mesolimbic dopamine neurons for up to 2 months.

Painkiller
–
Painkiller is a first-person shooter video game released on April 12,2004. It was developed by Polish game studio People Can Fly and published by DreamCatcher Interactive and it is notable for using the Havok 2.0 physics engine extensively. The single player campaign gameplay involves killing large numbers of monsters, the game was particularly wel

1.
Gameplay screenshot, Windows demo

2.
Painkiller

Cocaine
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Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug. It is commonly snorted, inhaled, or injected into the veins, mental effects may include loss of contact with reality, an intense feeling of happiness, or agitation. Physical symptoms may include a fast heart rate, sweating, high doses can result in very high bloo

1.
A spoon containing baking soda, cocaine, and a small amount of water. Used in a "poor-man's" crack-cocaine production

2.
Cocaine (INN)

3.
A man sniffing cocaine

4.
Cocaine hydrochloride

Cannabis (drug)
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Cannabis, also known as marijuana among several other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. The main psychoactive part of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol, one of 483 known compounds in the plant, Cannabis can be used by smoking, vaporization, within food, or as an extract. Cannabis is of

1.
A flowering cannabis plant

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A joint prior to rolling, with a paper handmade filter on the left

3.
Dried flower buds

4.
Kief

Alcoholics Anonymous
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Alcoholics Anonymous is an international mutual aid fellowship founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Bob Smith in Akron, Ohio. AAs stated primary purpose is to help alcoholics stay sober and help other alcoholics achieve sobriety, with other early members, Bill Wilson and Bob Smith developed AAs Twelve Step program of spiritual and character devel

1.
AA meeting sign

2.
Alcoholics Anonymous logo

3.
Sobriety token or "chip", given for specified lengths of sobriety, on the back is Serenity Prayer. Here green is for six months of sobriety; purple is for nine months.

4.
A regional service center for Alcoholics Anonymous

Illegal immigration
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Many countries have had or currently have laws restricting immigration. Whether a person is permitted to stay in a country legally may be decided by quotas or point systems or may be based on such as family ties. Article 13 on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights declares the right to any country, including ones own. Illegal immigration, as we

1.
Border patrol at sea by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection

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HMC Vigilant, one of several customs cutters of the UKBA, capable of speeds up to 26 knots departing Portsmouth Naval Base.

3.
Aerial view of São Paulo, where most illegal immigrants in Brazil live.

4.
ABVP against Bangladeshi illegal immigrants

Senegal
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Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country in West Africa. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania in the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast, and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal also borders The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, Senegal also shares a maritime bord

Bookie
–
A bookmaker, bookie, or turf accountant is an organization that, or a person who, takes bets on sporting and other events at agreed-upon odds. When a large bet comes in, a bookmaker may also try to lay off the risk by buying bets from other bookmakers. Bookmakers do not generally attempt to make money from the bets themselves but rather by acting a

Michael Shannon
–
Michael Corbett Shannon is an American actor and musician. He made his debut opposite Bill Murray in Groundhog Day and received widespread attention for his performance in 8 Mile. Shannon is known for his versatility, performing in both comedies and dramas. Notable projects include Pearl Harbor, Bad Boys II, Bug, Before the Devil Knows Youre Dead,

1.
Michael Shannon at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival.

2.
Shannon (far right) with Robert Davi and Stephen Dorff at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival

3.
Shannon at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival

Shawn Hatosy
–
Shawn Wayne Hatosy is an American film and television actor. He is perhaps best known for his roles in the films In & Out, The Faculty, Outside Providence, Anywhere but Here,11,14, The Cooler, and Alpha Dog. Shawn Hatosy was born in Frederick, Maryland, to Carol Ann, a loan officer and he has Hungarian and Irish ancestry. He grew up in the Loch Hav

1.
Hatosy in 2011, at the Paley Center: An Evening with Southland.

Ghost Rider (2007 film)
–
Ghost Rider is a 2007 American supernatural superhero film written and directed by Mark Steven Johnson. It is based on the character of the name appearing in Marvel Comics. The film stars Nicolas Cage as Ghost Rider/Johnny Blaze with supporting roles done by Eva Mendes, Wes Bentley, Sam Elliott, Donal Logue, Matt Long, and Peter Fonda. The film was

New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for int

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Clockwise, from top: Midtown Manhattan, Times Square, the Unisphere in Queens, the Brooklyn Bridge, Lower Manhattan with One World Trade Center, Central Park, the headquarters of the United Nations, and the Statue of Liberty

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New Amsterdam, centered in the eventual Lower Manhattan, in 1664, the year England took control and renamed it "New York".

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The Battle of Long Island, the largest battle of the American Revolution, took place in Brooklyn in 1776.

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Broadway follows the Native American Wickquasgeck Trail through Manhattan.

81st Academy Awards
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During the ceremony, the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards in 24 categories. The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC, and was produced by Bill Condon and Laurence Mark, Actor Hugh Jackman hosted the show for the first time. Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hil