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Pleural Effusion

Definition

The pleura are two thin, moist membranes around the lungs. The inner layer is attached to the lungs. The outer layer is attached to the ribs. Pleural effusion is the buildup of excess fluid in the space between the pleura. The fluid can prevent the lungs from fully opening. This can make it difficult to catch your breath.

Pleural effusion may be watery (transudative) or thick (exudative) based on the cause. Treatment of pleural effusion depends on the condition causing the effusion.

Symptoms

Some types of pleural effusion do not cause symptoms. Others cause a variety of symptoms, including:

Shortness of breath

Chest pain

Stomach discomfort

Cough

Coughing up blood

Shallow breathing

Rapid pulse or breathing rate

Weight loss

Fever, chills, or sweating

Hiccupping

These symptoms may be caused by many other conditions. Let your doctor know if you have any of these symptoms.

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. This may include listening to or tapping on your chest. Lung function tests will test your ability to move air in and out of your lungs.

Some blood tests will be done based on what the doctor thinks it causing the fluid.

To Support Breathing

Drain the Pleural Effusion

Therapeutic
thoracentesis
—a needle is inserted into the area to withdraw excess fluid.

Tube thoracostomy—a tube is placed in the side of your chest to allow fluid to drain. It will be left in place for several days.

Seal the Pleural Layers

The doctor may recommend chemical pleurodesis. During this procedure, talc powder or an irritating chemical is injected into the pleural space. This will permanently seal the two layers of the pleura together. The seal may help prevent further fluid buildup.

Radiation therapy may also be used to seal the pleura.

Surgery

In severe cases, surgery may be needed. Some of the pleura will be removed during surgery. Suregery options may include:

Prevention

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.