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After multiplication or division, the number of significant figures in the result should equal the smallest number of significant figures of any of the quantities involved in the calculation. For example:

For addition and subtraction, look at the position of the last significant figure in each number relative to the decimal point. The position of the last significant figure in the result should be the same as that most to the left, as illustrated below:

Technically, the mean (denoted μ), can be viewed as the most common value (the outcome) you would expect from a measurement (the event) performed repeatedly. It has the same units as each individual measurement value. For variable x measured n times, the arithmetic mean is calculated as follows:

Standard deviation:

The standard deviation (denoted σ) also provides a measure of the spread of repeated measurements either side of the mean. An advantage of the standard deviation over the variance is that its units are the same as those of the measurement. The standard deviation also allows you to determine how many significant figures are appropriate when reporting a mean value. Standard deviation σis calculated as follows:

Variance:

The variance (denoted σ2) represents the spread (the dispersion) of the repeated measurements either side of the mean. As the notation implies, the units of the variance are the square of the units of the mean value. The greater the variance, the greater the probability that any given measurement will have a value noticeably different from the mean.