1000: Anasazi start to raise corn, beans, and squash at Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde in present day New Mexico. They also build dams and irrigation systems to make the desert bloom. To live they make apartments inside the canyon walls.

1001: Norse Vikings make a settlement at Vineland

1050-1250: The Cahokia settlement across from present day St. Louis. This tribe will trade with the whole Mississippi basin.

October 12, 1492: At 2am after a 33-day journey, a lookout on one of Columbus ships sees land. Spain will follow up on this discovery unlike the Vikings. He thinks he has landed in Asia but will soon be proved wrong. Because of this discovery Ireland will get the potato, Italy will have tomato sauce on her noodles, the Indians will taste onions, peach's, pears, oranges, banana's, rice, wheat, and sugar. The Indians will be introduced to the horse, cow, pig, goat, chicken, and honeybee. Europe will soon have squash, cocoa, beans, corn, avocados, pineapples, chili peppers, peanuts, tobacco, and cotton. Unfortunately for the Indians the Spanish also brought infectious diseases that they had never dealt with and a religious fanaticism that led them to a policy of convert or die.

1497: Cabot reaches North America

1513: Ponce de Leon explores Florida

1519: Cotes invades Mexico

1534-1535: Cartier explores the St. Lawrence River.

1539-1542: De Soto explores the southeast. He will discover 10 future states before dying of fever on the banks of the Mississippi. He will also decimate most of the Mississippi tribes in his wake.

1540-1542: Coronado explores the southwest. He will discover the Grand Canyon and California. His goal is to find the seven cities of gold.

1565: St. Augustine becomes the first permanent settlement in North America.

1587-1590: The English try to establish their first colony at Roanoke Island off the coast of North Carolina. It fails and the people disappear to history.

1598: Juan de Onate conquers the Pueblo's in New Mexico for Spain and Spain establishes it's first missionary colonies in North America.

1607: The London Company, a joint stock enterprise formed to find gold in the new world, sends a ship to America. The ship sails into the Chesapeake Bay and on the James River before they settle. The settlement is named Jamestown and Captain John Smith is left in charge. However the colony suffers from disease and Indian attacks the first few years and even though every year brings more men more then 80% will die.

1608: The French settle in Quebec

1609: Hudson explores Hudson River for the Dutch

1610: Santa Fe is founded.

1611: First year that Tobacco is grown in Virginia. John Rolfe, who married Pocahontas, will introduce it in London and even though King James I will declare it unhealthy it will make him rich.

1614: Fort Orange (Albany) is founded by the Dutch.

1619: The first legislative assembly, known as the House of Burgesses, meets in Jamestown. Also that year 20 slaves are sold by the Dutch in Jamestown.

1620: A group of radical Protestants, who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic practices, and replace it with a simple plain service and autonomous church congregations, sails for the New World. Called Pilgrims, they end up in New England and settle a colony called Plymouth. More then half will die that first year.

1622: After a series of bad faith actions on both parties, the Powhatan Confederacy attacks Jamestown. The leader is captured and executed and the tribe scattered on the frontier.

1624: The Dutch settle New Amsterdam and the English settle St. Christopher in the Lesser Antilles.

1630: A less radical group of Puritans who studied John Calvin, and led by John Winthrop, settle Boston and the surrounding area calling it Massachusetts Bay.

1634: King Charles I grants a charter to Cecil Calvert to found a proprietary colony, which he will call Maryland.

1636: Roger Williams is banned from Massachusetts Bay for preaching freedom of religion. He flees to modern day Rhode Island and founds Providence.

1636-1637: The Pequot War begins when the Puritans and their allies the Narragansett attack the prosperous Pequot tribe. The Pequot's would be pushed to the brink of extinction.

1637: Ann Hutchison who is preaching that good works is not what gets you into heaven and that men can be directly spoken to by God is banned from Massachusetts Bay. She will be killed by Indians in 1643, which the Puritans consider divine intervention.

1640: Sugar is begun to be grown on Barbados.

1642: The French found Montreal.

1664: England capture New Amsterdam and rename it New York, New Jersey is founded the same year.

1670: Charles Town founded by sugar growers from Barbados. Finding that sugar and tobacco will not grow in the new area the settlers plant rice and start a rich slave trade. Marquette, Joliet, and LaSalle explore the Great Lakes and Mississippi valley for France. They also spread Christianity while doing so.

1675-1676: An Indian chief known as Metacom or King Phillip leads an attack on Massachusetts Bay. Before he is killed his tribe will destroy a dozen settlements and kill 600 settlers. His head will be kept on a pole in Plymouth for 20 years and his tribe is sold into slavery in Virginia.

1676: A member of the House of Burgess, Nathanael Bacon, leads a rebellion in Virginia. His army of farmers and indentured servants will occupy and burn Jamestown and force the governor to flee briefly. Bacon will die of disease shortly after this and his rebellion will collapse. The result will be a turn away from indentured slavery to black slavery.

1680: Pope's Rebellion. An Pueblo Indian led this rebellion against Spanish authority and manages to drive Spain out of New Mexico for a time while killing all the religious leaders in the colony.

1681: William Penn a Quaker establishes Philadelphia as a holy experiment. He pledges not to persecute anyone who lives there.

1691: Massachusetts Bay loses its charter and becomes a royal colony like Virginia.

1692: Spain reconquers New Mexico. Salem Witch Trails take place in Massachusetts Bay.

1701: Iroquois decide to be neutral to both England and France.

1711-1713: Tuscarora War in North Carolina.

1715: Yemasee War in South Carolina.

1718: New Orleans founded by French

1732: Georgia founded.

1739: Stono Rebellion in Carolina. Tired of slavery and it's horrors a group of new arrived slaves broke into a store on the Stono River, armed themselves, and started to march towered Florida. On the way they would plunder plantations and kill 24 whites before being gunned down by a militia company.

1754: Washington is defeated at Fort Necessity. The French and Indian War begins.

1756-1763: The Seven Years War is fought in America and Europe. This is the first true world war.

1763: The Treaty of Paris ends the Seven Year War. France loses all its land in America and the
"Catholic menace" was ended. Proclamation of 1763 closes the border to Americans.

1764: Sugar Act and Currency Act.

1765: Parliament passes the Stamp Act. This act puts taxes on any legal document, newspaper, pamphlet, even dice and playing cards. The Colonies rebel against this tax and refuse to pay. Because of this the Sons of Liberty are formed. The colonists refuse to import anything of British origin.

1766: Britain repeals the Stamp Act.

1767: Townsend Act is passed. This act taxes glass, paper, and tea. Again the colonies rebel and refuse to import British goods.

1770: All taxes are repealed except
for the one on tea. March 5, 1770: British troops after being pelted with snowballs and rocks in Boston open fire on a mob killing five men.

1773: Parliament agrees to help the East India Company sell its tea in America. They arrange a lower price then the current smuggled tea. Boston however refuses to accept the tea in any form because of the taxes. The night before the customs house was to seize the tea, the sons of liberty disguised themselves as Indians, went onto the ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into the water.

1774: The British government passes the Cohesive Acts, which are also called the Intolerable Acts. These acts close the port of Boston, place Massachusetts under martial law, and allow the French to practice Catholicism in Canada. Because of this 12 colonies send men to Philadelphia in what will be called the First Continental Congress. The congress acts the King to intercede stating that they are loyal but King George III refuses.

April 19, 1775: British troops and American rebels fire at each other in the towns of Lexington and Concord in the Massachusetts countryside. This is the opening battle of the Revolutionary War. The Americans will lose 10 men the British 70 and the British will be forced to retreat to Boston.

May of 1775: The Second Continental Congress meets in Philadelphia. The congress appoints George Washington head of the army outside Boston, recruits man and supplies for war, takes charge of the post office and Indian affairs, borrows money and prints it's own currency. It becomes in effect the first government of the United States.

December 1775: Virginia Governor Dunmore tries to make the slaves revolt by announcing that he will free any slave that joins the British Army.

January 1776: Thomas Paine publishes
Common Sense, which states the arguments for independence.
March 1776: The British Army leaves Boston.

July 2, 1776: The Congress approves a declaration written by Thomas Jefferson that states that the ?United States is and ought to be free and independent states and that all ties to the British are hereby dissolved.? Two days later they publish the document but it will not be signed for a month.

August 1776: The British take New York City.

1776: Although not in America, Adam Smith writes The Wealth of Nations, here Smith argues that the production of wealth would increase dramatically if individuals were allowed to pursue their self-interest, with little interference from government. And in serving their own interests, individuals would serve the public interest, unconsciously, as if guided, as he said, by an "unseen hand." This was not a new idea in America.

1776-1780: The States all write Constitutions.

1777: Vermont abolishes slavery

October 1777: The United States Army stops an invasion from Canada led by General John Burgoyne. Because of this victory France and Spain will declare war on Britain.

1780: Massachusetts becomes the last state to ratify a Constitution

1781: Articles of Confederation are ratified. The articles put all the power in the hands of an elected assembly. However the assembly has no power to tax or lay duties on trade.

October 18, 1781: Surrounded by France and the United States Army, General Cornwallis surrenders his troops at Yorktown. The war is for all intents and purposes over.

1783: The Treaty of Paris gives America freedom. The trans-Appalachian west became part of the United States, along with all the land between Canada and the northern border of Florida

1785-1787: Shays Rebellion

1787: Constitutional Convention passes a new constitution for the government with power divided in three branches. One of the last acts of the Articles Congress is to pass the Northwest Ordinance, this act lets future states enter into the union as equal members, it sets aside land for public education, it disallows slavery, and it makes an effort to appease the Indian.

1790: An English immigrant, Samuel Slater, builds America's first factory. It is a textile mill for changing cotton into cloth.

1790's-1840's: The Second Great Awaking occurs in America. Charles Finney preaches that man can chose salvation for himself. Many communities arise as communal and a counter to the industrialized world. One of these is Brook Farm.

1794: Farmers out west refuse to pay a whiskey tax recently passed by Congress. The reason that they refuse to pay is since they cannot ship their grain to markets in time for it to be still fresh they must ship it as whiskey. President Washington orders the army to crush the rebellion. Also that year the Miami Indian Confederacy is destroyed at Fallen Timbers.

1798: The Alien and Sedition Acts are passed which make it a crime to criticize the government.

1800: Thomas Jefferson becomes the first Democrat-Republican elected President proving that a smooth transfer of power can take place. The party will later drop the name Republican and just be the Democrat Party. That same year there is a slave uprising in Virginia that fails. It is known as Gabriel's Uprising.

1803: The United States buys the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million dollars. This purchase doubles the country in size

1816: The American Colonization Society is formed to free slaves and relocate them to Africa.

1819-1820: The Missouri Compromise where Missouri entered the union as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and a line was moved west called the 36 30? in which slavery is made illegal north of the area.

1820's: The Lowell Factory System is built.

1822: Denmark Vesey, a slave in South Carolina tries to start an insurrection.

1825: The Erie Canal opens. It runs from Buffalo on Lake Erie, to Albany on the Hudson River. Now farmers out west have a way to ship goods to New York City.

July 4, 1826: On the fiftieth anniversary of the declaration of independence, both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson die. They are the last two members of the committee of Independence to do so.

1826: The American Society for the Promotion of Temperance is formed to stop drinking alcohol and the evils that came from it.

1828: Andrew Jackson becomes the first Democrat elected president.

1830: The Baltimore and Ohio becomes the first Railroad in the USA. Plans for the city of Chicago are laid out. Congress passes the Indian Removal Act to remove the southeastern tribes from their homes to present day Oklahoma.

1831: McCormick invents the reaper for wheat farming. The US ends debtor prison. Mt. Auburn Cemetery becomes the first rural cemetery as attitudes change from fear to acceptance of death. The Anti-Mason party becomes the first third party. Nat Turner, a slave in Virginia, starts an insurrection and his followers will kill sixty slave owners and their families before being caught and hung.

1833: William Lloyd Garrison forms the Anti-Slavery Society

1834: The nations first strike occurs at Lowell, Massachusetts.

1838-1839: The Trail of Tears when the Southeast Indians are forcibly removed.

1845: Frederick Douglass publishes his Narrative of Slave Life in which he destroys the myth of slavery.

1846-1848: The Mexican War takes place. In the end the United States will annex Texas and most of the Southwest.

1848: The Illinois and Michigan canal opens in Chicago. First Board of Education in Massachusetts starts to develop class levels, requires attendance, and set a curricula. In Seneca Falls, New York the first Women's Rights convention is held.

1850: The Compromise of 1850 is passed. In it California entered the union as a free state, New Mexico and Utah were organized into territories to decide the question of slavery for themselves, Texas debts before the war were paid off by the US, New Mexico received some land from Texas, the slave trade was ended in the District of Columbia as was slavery, and a Furtive Slave Law was passed which would permit owners to recover slaves in the North that had runaway.

1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe, the wife of a Christian preacher, publishes Uncle Tom's Cabin which shows the horrors of slavery.

1854: Stephen Douglass brings up a bill called the Kansa-Nebraska Act, which destroys the last vestige of the Missouri Compromise line. This bill lets Kansas and Nebraska territory decide for themselves about the question of slavery. Also that year in Boston, an escaped slave living for many years in the town by the name of Anthony Burns was returned to Virginia to the protest of 50,000 townspeople.

1856: In Kansas, the free town of Lawrence is burned to the ground by a raid of pro slavery people. In retaliation a man named John Brown leads a gang to Pottawatomie Creek and murders 5 pro slavery people. That same year in Congress Congressmen Preston Brooks beats with his cane, Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner for making anti-slavery remarks.

1857: The Supreme Court rules against Dred Scott, a slave who has lived for many years with his master in the west. Chief Justice Roger Taney says? that a black man had no rights a white man had to respect?. He also stated that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery.

1858: A young lawyer from Springfield by the name of Abraham Lincoln, debates with Senator Stephen Douglass on the question of slavery while trying to win a seat in the Senate for the new Republican Party.

1859: John Brown leads a raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia in an effort to seize the arsenal and free the slaves in the south. He is arrested and hanged.

1860: Lincoln becomes the first Republican president and South Carolina secedes from the union. She will be followed by Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Georgia, North Carolina, Texas, Tennessee, Arkansas, Virginia, and Louisiana. The Knights of Labor, the nations first union, is formed.

April 12, 1861: The South fires on Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina harbor and the Civil War begins.

July 21, 1861: The battle of First Bull Run in which the North loses.

1862: Congress passes the Pacific Railway Act, which gives two corporations the right to build the Transcontinental Railroad. One company, the Central Pacific was to build east from California while the other, Union Pacific, was to start at Omaha, Nebraska and move west. Each company got a 400-foot right of way on either side of the track and money for each mile of track ranging from $16,000 to $48,000. Congress also passes the Homestead Act, which gives farmers out west 160 acres of land which after 5 years was owned by the farmer.

April 6-7, 1862: The battle of Shiloh, which the North wins. 20,000 men fell which were more then all other wars combined at that time.

September 17, 1862: The battle of Antietam in which neither side wins however the North fails to destroy the invading South.

December 13, 1862: The battle of Fredericksburg that the North loses after a series of successive charges toward a well-defended point.

January 1, 1863: The Emancipation Proclamation takes effect, which puts the war on a new idea i.e. the freeing of the slaves instead of the preservation of the nation on the status quo.

April 30-May 6, 1863: The Battle of Chancellorsville which the North loses, however Confederate General Stonewall Jackson, who is a practicing Christian evangelist, is killed.

May 18-July 4, 1863: The City of Vicksburg is put under siege and falls to the Union Army. This puts the Mississippi River in the hands of the North and splits the Confederacy.

July 1-3 1863: The Battle of Gettysburg, which the North wins. This battle is the result of the second southern invasion of the North and this time they lose.

November 19,1863: Lincoln makes his famous Gettysburg Address. An interesting note is that this marks one of the few times Lincoln mentions God in a speech.

November 1864: In the first time in a civil war, a presidential election is held in which Lincoln wins a second term.

November-December 1864: Sherman, after capturing Atlanta, makes his famous march to the sea.

November 29, 1864: The Colorado Militia, commanded by a former Methodist Minister named John Chivington, attacks a band of peaceful Indians at Sand Creek. He and his man kill, rape, and loot mostly women and children.

April 9, 1865: Lee surrenders to Grant and the war is over.

April 14, 1865: Lincoln is assassinated and dies the next day. This is the first time that a president is killed. Andrew Johnson becomes president.

December 6, 1865: The Thirteenth Amendment is passed which officially frees all slaves.

March 1867: The
"Radical" Republicans pass the Reconstruction Act in Congress, which tries to get the black man the right to vote. The South will be occupied until they agree.

February 1868: Andrew Johnson is impeached by the house and saved by one vote in the Senate. He had lost all power that he once held and would not run again.

November 1868: Grant is elected president of the United States. He is the second republican so elevated.

December 1868: General Custer's 7th cavalry attacks a peaceful Indian camp at Washita Creek, Texas.

1869: Wyoming Territory gives women the right to vote.

February 3, 1870: The Fifteenth Amendment is ratified. This gives the black man the vote.

April-October 1871: Grant sends troops against the KKK down south. This would help crush the Klan and the KKK would not be revived until 1915.

1872: Grant makes Yellowstone the first national park. Grant's administration has its first corruption scandal when it is reveled that his friends have stolen money from the Union Pacific. This scandal is called Credit Mobilier and it would be the first of many.

1873: Barbed wire is invented in Dekalb, Illinois.

1875-1876: Armor and Swift begin the first Chicago meatpacking with the development of the refrigerated railroad car.

May 10, 1876: President Grant opens up the Centennial's Exposition in Philadelphia.

June 25, 1876: Custer loses his life in the Battle of Little Bighorn.

July 4-8, 1876: In Hamburg, South Carolina a group of blacks is stopped from marching in an Independence Day parade. When the blacks march on the courthouse, the white townspeople turn a cannon on them. After surrendering the black leaders are murdered. The whites were found innocent of murder after which Grant sent troops.

November 1876: In a disputed presidential election with the electoral votes tied, a committee is set up and the Republican candidate Hayes is selected in exchange for ending Reconstruction.

1877: Widespread railroad strikes occur in the ?Great Strike of 1877?. President Hayes uses federal troops for the first time to break up a strike. Chief Joseph surrenders his tribe of Nez Pierce Indians.

1878: Thomas Edison builds his Edison Electric Company and invents the light bulb.

1879: Andrew Carnegie begins to produce steel.

1881-1882: Chinese are excluded from coming to America.

1882: First Electric Streetcar is built in Chicago. John D. Rockefeller establishes the Standard Oil Trust

1883: National Time Zones are standardized.

1885: First Iron frame Skyscraper is built in Chicago.

1886: Haymarket Square riot in Chicago results in the death of 7 socialist leaders. The American Federation of Labor is founded. Also Geronimo surrenders marking the end of the last Indian resistance.

1887: The Dawes Act breaks up Indian reservations and gives each Indian 160 acres of land although much of it ends up in the hands of white men.

Late 1880's: Farmers Alliances are formed. They want state ownership of the railroads, a graduated income tax, and money circulated in silver.

1889: Hull House is founded in Chicago. Jane Addams opened this house as a way to give the poor someplace to escape too. The house had a daycare, playground, bathhouse, gym, and library. She and her partner, Florence Kelly, would later get landmark Illinois legislation passed to monitor the factory system.

1890: Chicago has become the world's meatpacking city. Sherman Anti-Trust Act is passed. Wounded Knee Massacre occurs in South Dakota as Indians are shot down while trying to surrender. Yosemite National Park is second national park.

1892: Homestead Steelworkers Strike The Peoples or Populist Party becomes a third party. They support the farmer's allegiance goals.

1893: The World's Columbia Exposition opens in Chicago. Frederick Turner announces that the frontier is closed. Ant-Saloon League is founded.

1897: In Lattmer, Pennsylvania a mine strike is broken up by the murder of at least 19 miners by the sheriff and his deputies. They are later declared innocent.

1898: Spanish American War is won by United States. The United States receives a part of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippians. Also that year Hawaii is made a territory of the United States.

1900: In the election of 1900, a general mine strike threatens to shut down the nation until the Republican president, William McKinley go over the heads of the mine owners and get a deal from J. P. Morgan. The mine agrees to a 10% wage increase but no union.

1902: 50,000 coal miners go on strike in Pennsylvania. They demand an increase in wages and an 8-hour workday, which the mine owners refuse. For many months the strike is at an impasse until President Roosevelt steps in and makes a deal for the miners.

1904: Roosevelt threatens to intervene in Latin America if they need help. This is called the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

1905: Niagara Movement promotes African-American rights.

1906: Upton Sinclair publishes The Jungle, which reveals the unsanitary condition in the meat factory. Because of this Congress passes the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act. President Roosevelt invites Russia and Japan to America to work out their differences. Japan receives all her war aims and Roosevelt gets the Nobel Peace Prize. San Francisco Earthquake.

1907-1909: Roosevelt sends out the United States Navy on a worldwide ?Great White Fleet? tour.

1908: Ford invents the Model T.

1909: NAACP founded.

1911: The Society of American Indians is founded to push for rights for Indians. In New York, a factory burning called the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire brings attention to the plight of workers.

1912: The United States invades Cuba and Nicaragua.

1913: Ford invents the assembly line, which makes his cars cheaper to own.

1914: The United States invades Mexico. World War I begins in Europe. The Panama Canal is opened for business. Federal Trade Commission created. Clayton Anti-Trust Act passed by Congress.

1917: The United States enters World War I on the side of the Allies.

1917-1918: More then a half million blacks migrate north in the Great Migration.

1919: The Treaty of Versailles ends World War I. President Wilson tries to get his 14 points passed one of which establishes a ?League of Nations? which is a forerunner of the UN. 18th Amendment outlawing the selling or production of Alcohol is passed. Prohibition is law.

1920: 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote is passed. KDKA makes the first commercial radio broadcast.

1929: League of United Latin American Citizens is founded to push for the rights of Mexican-Americans. The Stock Market crashes ushering in the Great Depression. Herbert Hoover becomes President as the last of a long line of Republicans until 1952.

1931: In Alabama, the Scottsboro case comes to trial. Nine black defendants are accused of raping two white females on a train and found guilty. They are sentenced to death although none will be ever executed.

1932: World War I veterans march on Washington D.C. to receive their bonus money early. The United States Army moves in on them and forces them to flee. Hoover's government passes the Federal Emergency Relief Act, which gives money to states to give to the needy. FDR will later steal this idea for his New Deal. Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected President of the USA he is the first Democrat elected since Wilson.

1933: The great plain gets hit with a drought and thousands of acres of farmland are blown away in the
"Dust Bowl". FDR starts the era of big government with the New Deal and the establishment of the AAA, CCC, TVA, FDIC, and NIRA. He also has congress repeal Prohibition.

1960: Greensboro, North Carolina becomes the birthplace of the sit in. The SNCC is formed.

1961: Civil Rights workers start Freedom Rides by riding on buses and testing discrimination in bus stations. The United States tries to invade Cuba in the Bay of Pigs.

1962: First US manned orbit of earth. Silent Spring is published becoming the first environmental book in the modern era. Castro is found to have nuclear missiles in Cuba and the Cuban Missile Crises begins.

1963: The Feminine Mystique is published starting the women's lib movement. Birmingham, Alabama becomes the center of African American protest after the police commissioner turns fire hoses and dogs on the protesters. Martin Luther King jr. leads a march on Washington, D.C. John F. Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas.

1964: President Johnson passes the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which makes segregation illegal in public, and state supported institutions. It gives the Justice Department more power to intervene and establishes a commission to look at discrimination in private employment. The Free Speech Movement begins on college campus. In August, the United States is attacked in the Gulf of Tonkin off Vietnam and the Vietnam War starts.

1965: Malcolm X is assassinated stopping for a time the Black Muslim movement in America.

1966: The National Organization for Women is founded.

1968: Both Martin Luther King and Robert Kennedy are assassinated within a month of each other.

1970: Cambodia is bombed in an escalation of the Vietnam War. In America, the First Earth Day is celebrated.

1973: The Watergate hearings begin. Roe vs. Wade is passed making it legal to have an abortion. The Energy Crises begins and America is forced to pay double for gasoline while at the same time hurting the auto and steel industry.

1974: Richard Nixon resigns as president.

July 4, 1976: The country celebrates 200 years of independence.

1979: Three Mile Island Nuclear accident.

1979-1981: 52 Americans are held hostage by Iran.

1981: AIDS comes to America.

1989: The Berlin Wall comes down ending the Cold War.

1991: The First Persian Gulf War.

1992: LA riots due to the Rodney King verdict.

1998: Clinton is impeached and found innocent.

2000: George W. Bush becomes President after a hard fought election.

September 11, 2001: The World Trade Center is hit by Islamic fundamentalists.

March 2005- The leaders
of Canada (Paul Martin), the
U.S. (George W. Bush), and
Mexico (Vicente Fox) signed an
agreement called the Security
and Prosperity Partnership of
North America (SPP)......When
asked if he wanted a North
American Union, and if it would
include Canada, Fox said, ?Long
term, yes.? On May 16, 2002 Fox
spoke at Club 21 in Madrid, and
stated, ?Eventually, our
long-range objective is to
establish with the United
States, but also with Canada,
our other regional partner, an
ensemble of connections and
institutions similar to those
created by the European Union.?
(globalreasearch.ca)

October 2006- The US
population hits 300 Million
according to the U.S. Census
Bureau.

April 2008
- The Dollar Index traded on ICE
Futures in New York, which tracks
the currency against those of six
trading partners, traded at 71.971
from 72.021 on April 4. It reached
an all-time low of 70.698 on March
17, when the dollar dropped to the
record of $1.5903 against the Euro
(Bloomberg.com) Former U.S. Federal
Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan said
he sees a more than 50% chance the
U.S. economy will enter a recession,
according to an interview published
by El Pais newspaper.

<

July
2008 -Federal regulators
seize IndyMac Bank after it
succumbs to the pressures of
tighter-credit, tumbling home
prices and rising foreclosures.
IndyMac is the largest thrift
ever to fail in theU.S.September 7 - In a bid to
stabilize the nation's troubled
housing market, the government
seizes control of Fannie Mae and
Freddie Mac, two publicly traded
companies that together hold or
guarantee about half the
nation's mortgageloans.

September 15 - Lehman
Brothers declares bankruptcy,
the largest ever in the United
States. Investor concerns turn
next to American International
Group Inc., a giant insurance
company, after a plunge in that
company's stock and downgrades
to its debt by credit ratings
agencies who say the slumping
housing market could further
undermine itsfinances.

September 16 - The U.S.
government announces an $85
billion emergency loan to rescue
AIG, saying a disorderly failure
of the company could further
disrupt already delicate
financial markets and
theeconomy.

September
18 - The Federal Reserve and
central banks in Europe and Asia
pump up to $180 billion into
money markets in a bid to free
up a lending freeze between
banks. Markets rally on hopes
for a broader government rescue
package. That night, Treasury
Secretary Henry Paulson and Fed
Chairman Ben Bernanke ask
Congress for authority to rescue
banks by buying bad assets
fromthem.

September
19 -(AP) Following a series
of ad hoc measures, the U.S.
government announces a broad
rescue plan for the financial
system, including a program to
buy hundreds of billions of
dollars of bad mortgages and
other forms of toxic debt that
have been weighing down U.S.
financial companies. The Fed and
Treasury departments shore up
money market funds, which had
also come under siege during the
crisis, and the SEC temporarily
bans short-selling a way of
betting that stocks will
fallagainst shares in 799
financialstocks.

September 29 -
U.S. House of
Representatives rejects mammoth
$700-billion bailout plan.

October 1 -
U.S. Senate adopts massive
bailout plan, adding sweeteners
to get House acceptance.

October 2 - The
International Monetary Fund
(IMF) warns of a heightened risk
of the United States heading,
without remedy, into a deep
recession, after having analyzed
the converging factors that have
led to the current financial
crisis in the country, EFE
reports.

October
3 - Wells Fargo bank
and the fourth largest U.S.
bankWachovia Corp announce
merger.

October 3
- The largest
government intervention in
capital markets in US history
clears the US House of
Representatives, becoming law
with signature by President
Bush.

October 6-10 - The Dow lost
1,874.19 points, or 18.2
percent, during the week. Its
dismal performance outdid the
week that ended July 22, 1933,
which saw a 17 percent dropand
back then, during the Great
Depression there were six
trading days in aweek.

October 10 - The US
government plans to move ahead
with its plan to start buying
stock in financial institutions
according to Treasury Secretary
Henry Paulson. The Bush
administration was given that
authority in the $700 billion
financial bailout plan approved
by Congress.

November 1 -
WebMD Health News
reports that
despite tough anti-drug laws, a
new survey shows the U.S. has
the highest level of illegal
drug use in the world. The World
Health Organization's survey of
legal and illegal drug use in 17
countries, including the
Netherlands and other countries
with less stringent drug laws,
shows Americans report the
highest level of cocaine and
marijuana use.

November 4 -Illinois
Senator, Barack Obama, won the
United States presidential
election and will become the
first African-American ever to
take office. He received more
than 50% of the popular vote, a
first for a Democrat since Jimmy
Carter's victory in 1976.
President-Elect Obama is
expected to take office on
January 20, 2009.

December 1-
Employers cut 533,000 jobs over
the course of the month of
November, seeing the worst month
for job cuts in 34 years.

December 7 - The
U. S. unemployment rate was
sitting at 6.7% (or 10.3 million
people), the highest number seen
in 15 years. Unemployment
was still only 5% as recently as
April, but is now projected by
some to hit 8% or higher in the
upcoming months.

A
Promise Broken - On January
21, 2009President Obama orders
the Guantanamo Bay detention
facility to be closed within one
year.
But, in November 2009 Obama
admitted that his self imposed
deadline of January 2010 would
be missed, and in March 2011 the
president went back on his
campaign promise, signing an
executive order to create a
formal system of indefinite
detention for the prisoners.

February 13 -The largest
public-spending bill in U.S.
history is passed─a $787 billion
economic-stimulus package
approved by both the Congress
and Senate. President Obama
responded by saying, “This is a
major milestone on our road to
recovery, and I want to thank
the members of Congress who came
together in common purpose to
make it happen.” He made
no mention of the fact that no
House Republicans and only three
Republican senators voted for
the bill.

March 2 -
The Dow dropped nearly 300
points and finished at 6763. The
last close falling below 7,000
was on May 1, 1997

March
9 - President Obama
overturns the ban on federal
funding of stem cell research,
stating that his administration
will “make scientific decisions
based on facts, not ideology.”

April
- The nation’s unemployment
rate hits 8.9%, the highest
number since September of 1983
when it climbed to 9.2%.May 15 - The United
States has over 4700 confirmed
or likely cases of H1N1 swine
flu, with 5 deaths so far, in 47
states.

June
-According to the U.S. Dept
of Labor, the unemployment rate
sits at 9.5%.
Job losses were widespread
across the major industry
sectors, with large declines
occurring in manufacturing,
professional and business
services, and construction.

September 7 -
The UN Conference on Trade and
Development (UNCTAD) released a
report calling for a new “global
currency” that would be managed
by a “global reserve bank” to
replace the failing U.S. dollar.

September 17 -President
Obama announced that the U.S. no
longer intends to move forward
with its plan to build a missile
defense shield in the Czech
Republic and Poland.

November 6 -The U.S.
unemployment rate for the month
of October rose to 10.2%

December 17 -President
Obama amended Executive Order
#12425, giving Interpol the
right to operate within the
territorial limits of the U.S.,
yet without being subject to the
constitutional limits imposed on
every other domestic law
enforcement agency. By amending
the order, he has given
Interpol’s domestic facilities
(including its office within the
U.S. Department of Justice)
freedom from any possible search
and seizure by U.S. authorities
and from disclosure of archived
documents in response to Freedom
of Information Act requests
filed by U.S. citizens.

2010

U.S. Introduces Stricter
Screenings for Certain Air
Passengers
January 3, 2012-
Transportation Security
Administration announced
stricter screening requirements
for passengers traveling by air
to the U.S. from 14 countries,
including Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, and Nigeria. Passengers
with passports or originating
flights from any of the
countries on this list will be
required to undergo full-body
pat downs and extra scrutiny of
carry-on luggage. More advanced
screenings will also be
necessary at certain airports.
The new regulations result from
the alleged attempted bombing by
a Nigerian citizen on December
25, 2009.

ObamaCare Passed by Congress on
March 21, 2010, and signed into federal law by President Obama on March 23, furthering the
process of socializing the U.S.
healthcare system. Obamacare,more formally known as the“Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act,” will
impose massive penalties on
young workers, small businesses
and others who choose not to buy
forced, expensive health
insurance, beginning in 2014.
ObamaCare is the biggest handout
by liberals in American history
to a single interest group,the health insurance
industry. Even aDemocrat Senator recently
admitted: “ObamaCare cost Obama
a lot of credibility as a
leader.”

Obama Downsizes Military Defense-
On April 5, 2010 the U.S.
President announced a revised
American nuclear strategy that
will limit the instances in
which the U.S. will use nuclear
weapons. Part of the strategy
includes renouncing the creation
of new nuclear weapons. This
significantly changes the
protocol of past
administrations; the United
States is declaring for the
first time its commitment
not to use nuclear weapons
against non-nuclear states; a
position that enemies of the
U.S. will most surely see as a
weakening of America.

The Deepwater Horizon Platform
Explodes -
April 20, 2010 in the Gulf of
Mexico, killing eleven workers.
The resulting Horizon oil spill,
one of the largest in history,
spreads for several months,
damaging the waters and the
United States coastline, and
prompting international debate
and doubt about the practice and
procedures of offshore drilling.

Strict, Controversial
Immigration Law Enacted in
Arizona -
On April23, 2010
the governor of Arizona, Jan
Brewer (Republican), signed into
Law the country’s most important
immigration bill. It is designed
to identify and deport illegal
immigrants. Law enforcement
officials are now allowed to ask
those people suspected of being
illegal immigrants for their
proof of citizenship or visas. This
law designed to protect U.S
citizens and borders caused
President Obama to be very
irritated bringing a lawsuit by
the Justice Department to the
state of Arizona.

Supreme Court Rules Right to
Bear Arms Applies to State and
Local Governments -
On June 28 the Supreme Court
ruled in a 5-to-4 decision that
the Second Amendment’s
guarantee, the right to bear
arms, applies to local and state
gun control laws. Justice Samuel
Alito, who spoke for the
majority, said the right to
self-defense is fundamental to
American civil liberties.

Home Sales at Lowest Level in 10
Years - Housing sales in July 2010 were at their lowest level in over
10 years—the seasonally adjusted
annual sales rate was 3.83
million, 25.5% lower than at the
same time in 2009. Experts were
expecting a drop in sales—due to
the end of the federal tax
credit of $8,000 that had been
in place for homebuyers for a
number of months—but the
estimate of 13% was much too
low.

Health Care Reform Act
(ObamaCare) Declared
Unconstitutional by Federal
Judge,
December 13, 2010:Henry Hudson, a federal judge from Virginia, ruled that
one of the main provisions of
the health-care form law is
unconstitutional. The ruling
claims that under the Commerce
Clause, a law requiring all
Americans to hold health
insurance, as the reform law
states, is beyond the regulatory
power of the federal government.

Senate Votes to Repeal “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” -
On December 18,
2010
the Senate votes 65 to 31 in
favor of repealing Don’t Ask,
Don’t Tell, the Clinton-era
military policy that forbids
openly gay men and women from
serving in the military. On
December 22, 2010 Obama
officially repealed the “Don't
Ask, Don’t Tell” military
policy.

2011

Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, Among
18 Shot in Assassination Attempt
On January 8, 2011 Arizona Representative
Gabrielle Giffords was shot in
an assassination attempt in
Arizona. She was among at least
18 shot by a gunman who opened
fire on the congresswoman’s
constituent meeting outside a
local grocery store. Six people
died, including United States
District Court Judge John Roll,
and a 9-year old girl, Christina
Taylor-Green. The gunman, Tucson
resident Jared Lee Loughner was
apprehended and taken into
police custody. Representative
Giffords, who was shot in the
head was hospitalized and in
critical condition although her
doctors expressed optimism about
her recovery.

Obama Betrays Israel -
On May 19, 2011 the U.S.
President called for
Israel/Palestine Peace deal
based on 1967 Borders. In an effort to
capitalize on the season of
change in the Arab world and
satisfy his Muslim interests
President Obama declared that
the borders before the 1967
Arab-Israeli war should be the
basis of a Mid-East peace deal
between Israel and Palestine.
Obama’s declaration came a day
before a meeting in Washington
with Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu of Israel. The Israeli
government protested
immediately, saying that a
return to the pre-1967 borders
would leave Israel
“indefensible.”

One of the Deadliest Tornados in
U.S. History Hits: Joplin, Mo.
On May 22, 2011
At least 140 people are killed
and hundreds more injured as a
three-quarter-mile-wide tornado
hits Joplin around dinnertime.
The tornado is among the
deadliest in the nation's
history, destroying nearly a
third of the city and damaging
about 2,000 buildings, including
water treatment and sewage
plants.

New York Legalizes Same-Sex Marriage -
On June 24, 2011New York passed a law to
allow same-sex marriage. New
York is now the largest state
that allows gay and lesbian
couples to marry. The vote comes
on the eve of the city’s annual
Gay Pride Parade and gives new
momentum to the national
gay-rights movement. The
marriage bill is approved with a
33 to 29 vote.

U.S. Credit Rating Is Lowered-
On August 5, 2011 for the first time in history, the U.S
credit rating lowered. Credit
agency, Standard and Poor’s
lowered the nation’s credit
rating from the top grade of AAA
to AA+, removing the U.S. from
its list of risk-free borrowers.
In making the decision, Standard
and Poor’s write that the “gulf
between the political parties”
has reduced confidence in the
government’s ability to manage
its finances. President Obama’s
failure to lead the country in
the right direction has
contributed greatly to this
dilemma. Obama has created more
debt than any other president in
U.S. history.

Major Hurricane Irene Hits the East Coast -
On August 27, 2011beginning as a
Category 3 with 115-mile-per
hour winds, Hurricane Irene
moved up the eastern seaboard.
Irene moved at about 14 miles an
hour, which is half the speed of
a typical hurricane. At least 44
people are killed in 13 states.
Evacuations were ordered for
about 2.3 million people. Damage
is estimated at $7 billion.

Month-Long Occupy Wall Street
Movement Continues to Grow
(October 17)
Occupy Wall Street, which began
a month ago as an organized
protest in New York’s financial
district, has grown to other
cities across the U.S. Occupy
Wall Street defines itself as a
group of activists who stand
against corporate greed, social
inequality, and the
disproportionate lifestyles
between the rich and poor. Some
analysts believe anti-American
leftists are behind these
protestors using them to help
breakdown society and cause
social conflict and chaos.

2012

National Defense Authorization
Act of 2012 -On January 02,
2012 Natural News stated:
“More lies: Obama signs into law
unconstitutional National
Defense Authorization Act to
arbitrarily detain American
citizens after promising to veto
it,” Forbes calls the
NDAA” “The greatest threat to
civil liberties Americans face”
(12/15/11).
U.S.
Congress recently passed NDAA,
which provisions the U.S.
military to patrol American soil
and arrest Americans that are
involved with, or even suspected
of being involved with,
“terrorist” activities. It does
not seem to matter to either the
legislative or executive
branches of the U.S. government
that there are already laws in
place to deal with those who
commit crimes -- now anyone and
everyone can be considered a
terrorist and be detained
indefinitely without legal
counsel or trial. An
in-your-face declaration against
the U.S. Bill of Rights.

Obama
Violates His Presidential Oath,
Sworn Before God -
Article II,Section I of
the United States Constitution
spells out the oath of office
that every president must take
during their swearing in: “I do
solemnly swear (or affirm) that
I will faithfully execute the
Office of President of the
United States, and will to the
best of my ability, preserve,
protect and defend the
Constitution of the United
States.” In signing the NDAA law
into office, Obama has blatantly
and unambiguously violated
this sacred oath, meaning
that his betrayal is not merely
against the American people, but
also against Almighty God.

North Carolina Votes to Ban Gay Marriage -
On May 8, 2012 North Carolina
passed an amendment to ban gay
marriage by a margin of more
than twenty percent. By doing
so, North Carolina became the
30th state in the U.S. to
include an amendment for
traditional marriage only in its
constitution.

President Obama Declares
Support for Gay Marriage -
On May 9,
2012 inan
interview at the White House
with ABC News Obama declared his
strong support for gay marriage
making him the first U.S.
President to back gay marriage
while in office.

ObamaCare─The Biggest Tax Hike
U.S. History - On June 28, 2012, the Supreme Court of the United States upheld ObamaCare
-- by only one vote, 5-4 -- as
being within the taxing power of
the federal government. In
essence, the court said to
Obama: You did raise taxes, and
it’s called ObamaCare.

Obama’s Shocking Exclusion of
Israel from New Counterterrorism
Forum
- On July 10, 2012 The
Washington Free Beacon
published news that Secretary of
State Hillary Clinton created a
controversy in June 2012 when
she announced the U.S. formation
of the Global Counterterrorism
Forum (GCTF) which neglects to
include Israel on a list of
countries that perpetually
struggle with terror attacks.
Congressional sources and
regional experts say that the
Obama administration is
intentionally downplaying
Israel’s struggle with terrorism
in order to appease and gain the
cooperation of Arab nations that
are often hostile to the Jewish
state.
Despite pleas from Senators on
Capitol Hill, the Obama
administration deliberately
excluded Israel from the new
Counterterrorism Forum.

Hiring Slows in the U.S.─Economy
in the Tank -
A September 7, 2012 report shows
employers in the U.S. hired less
people in August then the month
before. The U.S. added 96,000
jobs in August, compared to
141,000 in July and far below
the 125,000 which economists
expected. The unemployment rate
fell from 8.3 in July to 8.1 in
August. The percentage of people
in the labor force falls to 63.5
percent, which is the lowest
since September 1981.
Approximately 23 million people
in the U.S. are unemployed. The
price of food and all retail
goods have increased and
decreased in quality. The price
of gas continue to climb close
to the $4.00 a gallon range in
many areas and closer to $5.00
per gallon in some communities.

Severe
U.S. Drought - Almost 80
percent of agricultural land is
experiencing drought, which
makes the 2012 drought more
extensive than any drought since
the 1950s seriously affecting
U.S. agriculture, with impacts
on the crop and livestock
sectors and with the potential
to affect already high food
prices at the retail level
according to the U. S.
Department of Agriculture.

900
Executive Orders Passed by Obama
- In less than four
years (2009-2012) President
Obama passed 900 Executive
orders surpassing the number of
such orders passed by all
previous U.S. Presidents.
Obama’s Executive Orders would
give the government tyrannical
and total control of Americans
and their way of life (a
government pathway to government
seizure) in an attempt to
forfeit our Founding Father’s
vision for this great nation.

2013

United States
Federal Government Shutdown of
2013, October 1 through 16, 2013