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_ _ two dollars per annum in advance j 1>l ,..,;, inserted at 1 per square for the tirst j 5 for each subsequent insertion court or ; 5 percent higher . : 33j p :- cent will be made to those r : i forgiveness how beautifully fails : that blessed word forgive ; ., â€” ii the attribute of god â€” h li openeth heaven renews again it ii li n's faded bloom and flings i ha 1 o'er the waste of life an has been so schooled lessons ol iiim mity ranee ; i - im arts . man an an vi of heaven " bis hal in hand - by ; . 5 at a i orn r tand ig from bis si 'â– â– ' ess â€¢ ye ue by â€” a laughing re â€” in i inn ' ire th gaily to nn apple stand ii ind bi tme less gay ; . in h'-r hand and ran away ' from the society islands \ letti r is published in the hartford dated march 15th which says thai took place between the french xatives in which lhe former lost ndred mi n and the latter eighty e lei ;â– adds lhe following intel i there is an army of xatives 8,000 strong in sight they are wailing for lovementsof the english and amer icans when they will attack the town now in possession of the french it is though that the french who are much i blame for coming hi re and starving tbe > tives dri ing them from iheir towns will gel the worst of it i i shore yesterday and saw a greal of the french soldiers who were li i ia the lasl battle queen pomare has left the isle and â– . another she restrains the na the i-li s for the sake of peace . *,*, ill soon rebi 1 against her or ders : the an sl rc-ng and will assist their 1 to rid the islands of the french usurped authority the brandywine and two english fri gates are daily expected the french have a frigate and a steamer here and english have one steamer but the hmen will qoi let her depart because they will not salute their flag they have i d to lire into her if she did not some music is expected between the eng fn neb when an additional force a correspondent of the boston atlas fn m 1 onolulu and speaking of pomare says that recently th i rnor bruat sent the steam â– laiatea where she was to or tn induce her to return to tahi ti " but as she had done on her lirst vis itof the steamer she retired into fhe tins and would receive no message er from the ( cvernor the only upon which she will consent to re al brual shall re-hoist her per flag ii hich he had hauled down nd restore to her the property which he ited her flag nol being the 1 one but containing imply the i ol her soi ereignty w makes it :-'Â»- tpia inm point of honor lhat it shall wave she is a woman of strong s .' o meat is her abhorrence of afrenchman thai if a soldier ot thai na li in passes she buries her face on her and will not even look upon him no persuasion can induce her to yield the sl confidence in the faith ol ihe l jo she seems determined io have â€¢ ri ntire so ereignty or to lose ii ber affairs of till river platte espondenl nf ihe journal of < om thus i ommunicates the latest intel ai a letter dated at buenos ayres â– t july tin english aud french minisfere jnilii i to the argentine govern thal there will be landed from ihe ms of their respective countries off i leo english and french troops fho will oblige gen oribe to retire from city and the argentines will not wilh their forces the two ministers i i positively declined allowing the wide of the porl of montei idi o by argentine squadron the argentine â– ; rnmenl have requested the mediation the charge d'affaires of the united mr win brent jr who accepted the english and french ministers d it on the ground ol bis not being il rank : an i ihi re seems to be but of their receiving their pass s immediately the argentine government will not european nations to regulate their affairs and if driven to the ne dei are that they will issue -' commissions against english uch commerce whose present ' ow ed intention i to take possession of mdof martin garcia and blockade is ayres which will pro , cce retaliation from the argentine go accident â€” we learn thai a negro i as killed 0'i sunday night last by . 1 *â€¢! aboul three miles south of lien it is supposed that the negro was d.and had lain down across the '! gone to sleep when the cars t in lhe night and he being /' d the apparatus attached there be removal of obstructions crime " : ' :: "' with him and killed him in : another sad warning to the in . p^ate raleigh register the carolina watchman bruxer & james ) tc 7 e r * < ,.â€ž i " keep a nir.rx cros all your editors 4 proprietors i â€ž c new series r â„¢ stss ( number 22 of volume ii salisbury n c september 27 1845 cost of war ami ns inhumanity the line-of-battle-ship north carolina which lies at anchor in the harbor of new \ ork doubtless has cost more money ihan all ibe donations made to yale college and the entire funds invested in its eree tion since the institution was founded â€” w bat a fruitful topic of reflection is war â€” its demoralizing influences its flagrant waste of human life and its enormous ex penditure of money a direct tax upon the toil of the people ! what has yule college accomplished â€” it has idled the laud with educated men and scholars ; spread over every portion of tliis vast union learned divines law yers physicians scholars statesmen it has given to the rising generation its in structors to common e and the arts men of intelligence and integrity : to science the most enlightened minds to literature the purest and loftiest devotion : and dif fused over our whole country an influence so extensive in its ramifications and so stupendous in their moral social political am religious results that they are beyond the teach of human computation " whal has iln â€¢â€¢ north carolina bnt tle-ship achieved ami whal is it proposed she shall accomplish ! a proud monu meiii of human skill she lies upon the bosom of the waters a useless engine of modern warfare garrisoned by nearly eight hundred men and officers the cost tin her support iu addition to the original outlay of half a million is enormous â€” well when put to her legitimate uses does she spread knowledge instead of diffusing ignorance ; cultivate peace instead of dis cord : carry over the bosom of the ocean tlie blessings of civilization : oris her path stained wilh blood '. these are mere brief suggestions which if amplified would llll volumes ; but they may afford copious re flection for intelligent readers who choose to run out the parallel some months since a paixhan shell ex ploded accidentally in one of the streets of new york it instantly killed two or three individuals dreadfully mutilated others and spread horror and consterna tion over a populous neighborhood the newspapers were full of lamentations and ! the pulpil deprecated theawfulconsequen ces of such a terrific explosion but this destructive engine oi war only accomplish ed l lie purpose for which it was designed am slaughtered only a fractional part ol the number it was intended to kill ! ships of war paixhan guns and explosive shells are designed lo murder men by wholesale but when one is accidentally slaughtered by these terrific implements how long and loud are public lamentations war is the device of corrupt and perfidious men â€” peace the attribute of cod new haven paper he never speaks kind to mc â€” conver sing the oilier day wilh an interesting lit tle gitl between iho age of six and seven i took occasion to impress upon her mind lhe debt of gratitude that was due from her lo her own parent whom every body loves i was perfectly thunderstruck with her answer looking me full in the lace with lur sofl blue eyes she replied he never speaks kind io me perhaps the christian father harrassed with the cares ol life was unconscious that he had rough y cheeked the fond attention of his child ostrich hunting in africa â€” the male ostrich generally associates with from three to i'\'cu females which all lay in the same nest lie sits as well as the fe males and generally at night that he may defend the eggs from the attapks of the hyenas or olher animals ' *â€¢ you do no mean to say that he can fighl these animals .'" *â– and kill ihem also the ostrich lias two powerful weapons its wing with which ii lias been often known to break a hunter's leg lhe blow from it is so vio lent : and what is more fatal ils foot wilh the toe of which it strikes and kills both animals nnd men i once myself in nam aqua land saw a bushman who had been struck on ihe chest by the foot of the ost rich and it had lorn open his chesl and stomach so that his entrails were lying on the ground i hardlyneed say that the poor wretch was dead â€¢â€¢ i could hardly have credited it ol â€¢ served alexander the bushmen skin the ostrich and spread the skin upon a frame of wicker work : the head and neck are supported by a stick thrust through them the skin they tix on one of their sides and carry the head aud neck iu one of their hands : while the oilier holds the bows and arrow in this disguise of course with the feather ed side of him presented to the bird pr beast he would ret near to â€” he walks a long,pecking with the head at the bushes and imitating the motions of the ostrich ijv this stratagem he very often is enabled to get within shot of the other ostriches or the quaggas or gnoos which consort wilh these birds " i should like to see that very much said lhe major " you would be surprised at the close imitation as i have been i ought to have aid that lhe bushman whitens his legs with clay it is however a service of danger fori have ar i told you known a man killed by the male ostrich ; and the natives say that it is by no means uncom mon for ihem to receive very serious in jury â€” marryat's scenes in africa from the national intelligencer captain fremont's second exploring expedition continued august 13 â€” we lind the following fust mention of the most degraded tribe of in dians yet discovered on oui continent â€” the root-diggers : " we had now entered a country inlialiited i by these people : and as in the course of our voyage we shall frequently meet with them in various stages of existence it will be well to inform you that scattered over the great region west of the rocky mountains and south of the greal snake river are numerous indians whose subsistence is almost solely derived from routs and seeds and such small animals as chance and great good fortune sometimes bring within iheir reach they are miserably poor armed only with bows and arrows or clubs : and as the country they inhabit is almost destitute ot game they have no means of obtaining better arms in the northern part of the n-gi.ni just mentioned they iive generally in solitary fami lies : and farther to the south ihey are gather ed in villages those who live together in vil lages strengthened by association are in ex clusive possession of the more genial and rich er parts of the country while the others are driven to the ruder mountains and to the more hospitable parts of the country but by simply observing in accompanying us along our mad you will become better acquainted with these people than we could make you in any other than a very long description and you will find them worthy of your interest " roots seeds and grass every vegetable that affords any nourishment and every living animal tiling insect or worm they eat near ly approaching to the lower animal creation their sole employment is to obtain food and they are constantly occupied in a struggle to support existence the rapid and wasteful destruction of the buffalo in these western wildernesses has been often alluded to and lamented by : travellers yet lhe subject i.s of so much ; importance that we cannot omit captain ! fremont's very sensible observations upon it on august 30 in latitude 42 deg 1 i : min 22 sec and longitude about 112 â€” " a number of indians came to visit us and ! several men were sent to the village with goods tobacco knives cloth vermilion and the usual ; trinkets to exchange for provisions but they 1 had no i>ame of any kind ; and it was difficult to obtain any roots from them as they were miserably poor and had hut liitle to spare from j their winter stock of provisions several of the indians drew aside their blankets showing i me their lean and bony figures and i would not any longer tempt them with a display of our merchandise to part with their wretched subsis tence when they gave as a reason that it would expose them to temporary starvation a great : portion of the region inhabited by this nation formerly abounded in game ; the buffalo rang ' ing about in herds as we had found them on the eastern waters and the plains clotted with scat tered bauds o antelope ; but so rapidly have they disappeared within a few years that now as we journeyed along an occasional buffalo skull and a few wild antelope were ail that re mained ofthe abundance which had covered the country with animal life tie extraordinary rapidity with which the buffalo is disappearing from our territories will not appear surprising when we remember the great scale on which their destruction is yearly carried on with inconsiderable exceptions the business of lhe american trading posts is carried on in their skins : every year the indian villages make new lodges for which tlie skin of the buffalo furnishes the material and in that portion of the country where they are still found the indians derive their entire support from them and slaughter them with a thoughtless and abominable extravagance like the indi ans themselves they have been a characteristic ofthe great west and as like them they arc visibly diminishing it will lie interesting to throw a glance backward through tin ia.-t twen ty years and give some account of their former distribution through the country and the limit of their western range the information is derived principally from mr fitzpatrick supported by my own personal knowledge and acquaintance with the country our knowledge di.es not go farther back than lhe spring of 1824 at which time the buffalo were spread in immense numbers over ihe green river and hear river valleys and through all the country lying between lhe colorado < r green river ofthe iui i of california and lew is's fork of lhe columbia river the meridian ef fort hall ihen forming the western limit of iheir range the buffalo then remained for many years in that country an frequently mov ed down lhe valley of ihe columbia on both sides of th ri\er as fir as the fishing falls below this point they never descended in any numbers about lhe year 1-oi or 1835 ihey be**an to diminish verv rapidly and continued to decrease until 1838 or 1840 when with the country we have just described they entirely abandoned all the water ofthe pacific north of lewis's fork of the columbia at lhat tune the flathead indians were in the babit of find j n o their buffalo on the heads of salmon river ami other streams ol the columbia but now thev never meet with them farther west than the three forks of the missouri or the plains cf the yellowstone river in the course of our journey it will be re marked that the buffalo have not so entirely a bandoned the waters of the pacific in the rocky-mountain region south of the sweet \\ a ter as in the countrv north of the great pass this partial distribution can only be accounted for in the great pastoral beauty of that country which bears marks of having been one of their favorite haunts and bv the tact that the white hunters have more frequented the northern than lhe southern region â€” il being north ot the south pass that ihe hunters trappers and traders have had their rendezvous for many years past ; and from that section also the great portion of the beaver and rich furs were taken although the most dangerous us well as the most profita ble in mt in r ground '* in lhat region lying between the green or colorado river and lln head water of the rio del norte over tne yampah kooyah white and grand rivers â€” all of which are the waters of the colorado â€” the buffalo never extended so far to the westward as they did on the waters of the columbia and only in one or two in stances have they heen known to descend as far west as the mouth of the white river in tra velling through the country west of the rocky mountains observation readily led me to the impression that the buffalo had for the first time crossed that range to the waters of the pacilic only a few vears prior to the period wc are con sidering and in this opinion i am sustained by mr fitzpatrick and the older trapper in that country in the region west of the rocky mountains we never meet with any ef the an cient vestiges which throughout all the country lying upon their eastern waters are found in the great highways continuous for hundreds ol miles always several inches and sometimes sev eral feet in depth which the buffalo have made in crossing from one river to another or in tra versing the mountain ranges the snake in dians more particularly those low down upon lewis's fork have always been very grateful tu the american trappers for the great kindness as they frequently expressed it which they did to them i:i driving the buffalo so low down the columbia river lhe extraordinary abundance ol the buffa lo on the east side ofthe rocky mountains and their extraordinary diminution will lie made clearly evident from the lollowing statement â€” at any time between the years 1824 and 1830 a traveller might start from any given point south or north in the rocky mountain range journeying by the most direct route totbe mis souri river and duiing'he whole distance his road would be always among large bands of buffalo which would never he out of hits view until he arrived almost within sight of the a bodes of civilization at this time the buffalo ocenpy but a very limited space principally along the eastern base ofthe rocky mountains somestimes ex tending at their southern extremity to a consid erable distance into the plains between the ! platte and arkansas rivers and along the eas tern base ofthe rocky mountains sometimes extending at their southern extremity to a con siderable distance into the plains between the ; platte and arkansas rivers and along the eas tern frontier of new mexico as far south as tex as fhe following statement which i owe to the kindness of mr sanford partner in the ' american pur company wiil further illustrate this subject by extensive knowledge acquired during several years of ravel through the regi liion inhabited hy the buffalo : tip totul amount of robes annually traded by onr selves and others will not be foand to differ much from i the following statement : robes american fur company 7(1.000 hudson's bay company 10,000 all other companies probably ill noil making a total of 90,000 as an average annual return for the last 8 or tea years in the northwest the hudson's unv company ur chase from tin indians hut a very small number â€” their , ily market being canada to which the cost of trans portation nearly equals the produce of the tins ; and it is only within a very recent period that they have received buffalo robes i'i trade and out of the great number of buffalo annually killed throughout the extensive regions inhabtied by the camanchea and other kindred tribcs.no robes whatever are furnished fortrade duringonly four months of the year from november until march the skins are good for dressing those obtained in the remain ing eight months being valueless to traders and the hides of bulls are never taken off or dressed as robes at any s ei on probably not more than one-third of the skins arc taken from the animals killed even when they are in good season iho labor of preparing and dressing the robes being very great,and ii is seldom that a lodge trades more than twenty kins in a year it isduring the summer months and in tli early pari of autumn that the greatest number of buffalo are killed and yet at this time a skin is never taken for the purpose ol trade from these data which are certainly limi ; ted and decidedly within bounds the reader is left to draw his own inference of the immense number annually killed in 1842 i found the sioux indians ofthe upper platte demontes as their french traders expressed it with the failure ofthe buffalo and in the following year large villages from the upper missouri came over to the mountains al the heads of the platte in search of them the rapidly progressive failure of their principal and almost their only means of subsistence has ere ated great alarm among them and at this lime there are only two modes presented to them by which they see a good prospect for escaping starvation one of these is to rob the settle ments along the frontier of the states ; and the other is to form a league between the various tribes ol the sioux nation the cheyennes and arapahoes and make war against the ( ro\v na tion in i rder to take from them their country which is now the best buffalo country in the west this plan they have now in considera tion and it would probably be a war of exter mination as the crows have long been advised of his state of affairs and say that they are perfectly prepared these are the best war riors in the rocky mountains and are now al lied with the snake indians : and it is probable that their combination would extend itself to the utahs who have long been engaged in war a o-ainst the sioux il is in this section of coun try th a mv observation formerly led me to re comrm nd the establishment of a military post the further course of our narrative will ive fuller and more detailed information ofthe present disposition of the buffalo iu the country we visited on september 0 th parry obtained the first view of the object of their anxious search the great stilt lake : the waters ofthe inland sea stretching in still and solitary grandeur far beyond the limit of our vision it was one of the great points of the exploration : and as we looked eagerly ovcr the lake in the first emotions ot excited pleasure i am doubtful if the followers of bal boa felt more enthusiasm when from the heights < of the andes they saw for the first time the 1 great western ocean it was certainly a mag nificent i bj ct and a noble terminus to this part of our expedition : and to travellers so long shut up am mg m untaiu ranges a sudden view over the expanse of silcnl waters had iu it si raething sublime several large islands raised their high rocky heads out ofthe waves â€¢ luit wheth er or hot ihey were timbered was siill left to our imagination as the distance was too great to determine if the dark hues upon them were woodland or naked rock doling the day the clouds had been gathering black overtbe moun tains to the westward and while we were look ing a storm burst down v ith su iden fury upon the lake and entirely hid the islands from our view no fir as we could see alongthe shores there was not a solitary tree ami bul little ap pearance of grass : and on weber's fork,a few miles below our last encampment the timber was gathered into groves and then disappeared ci entirely fhe voyage 0:1 the bike nnd the preli minary anticipations ure thus graphically described : with mr preuss and myself carson ber nier and basil lajeunesse had been selected for the boat expedition â€” the first ever attempt ed on this interior sea : and i'm an with der osier and jacob the colored min were to in left iu charge of tin camp we were favored with most delightful weather to-night there was a brilliant sunset of golden orange and green which left the western sky clear and beautifully pure : but clouds in the east made me lose an occullation the summer frogs were singing around us and the evening was very pleasant with a temperature of 60 deg â€” a night of a more southern autumn for our supper wi had yamvah the most agreeably fla vored of the roots seasoned by a small fat luck which had come iti the way id jacob's rifle â€” around our lire to-night were many specula tions on what to-morrow would bring forth and ; in our busy conjectures we fancied that we should lind every one ofthe large islands a tan ' gled wilderness of trees and shrubbery teem ing with game of every description that tin neighboring region afforded and which the fool of a white man or indian had never viola ted frequently dm ing the day clouds had rested on ihe summits ol their 1 i'.v mountains and we believed that xve should lind cleai streams and springs of fresh water aud we â€¢ indulged in anticipations ot the luxurious re : pasts with which we were t j indemnify our selves for past privations neither in our dis cussions were the whirlpool and other invste rious dangers forgotten which indian and hun ! ter's stories attributed to this unexplored lake the men had discovered that instead of being strongly sewed like that ofthe preceding year which had so triumphantly rod the canons o the upper great platte our present boat wa only pasted together in a very insecure manner the maker having heen allowed so little tin ii the construction that he was obliged to crowi the labor of two months into several days the insecurity ofthe boat was sensibly felt b ; us and mingled with lhe enthusiasm and ex citement that we all felt at the prospect i fa undertaking which had never before been ac complished was a certain impression of dan er sufficient to give a serious character to out 1 conversation the momentary view which hac been had ofthe lake the i\v.y before its grea extent and rugged islands dimly seen amids the dark waters in he obscurity ol the suddei storm were well calculated lo heighten the i â– ! â– : of undefined danger with which the lake was generally associated 11 september 8 â€” a calm clear day xvith it sunrise temperature ol 41 '. in view of our pre sent enterprise a part ofthe equipment of the boat had been made to consist in three air-tight bags about ihrcc feel long and capable cacb of containing five gallons these had been idled with water the night before and were now placed in the boat wilh our blankets and instru ments consisting of a sextant telescope spy glass thermometer and barometer " on septembi r9the day was clear and calm the thermometer at sunrise at 19 as is usual '. with the trappers on the eve of any enterprise our people had made dreams and their happen ed to be a had one â€” one which always preceded evil â€” and consequently thej ' toked very gloomy this morning : but we hurried through our break fast in order to make an early start and have all day before us for our adventure the i han nel in a short distance 1 mi shallow that our navigation was at an en i being merely a sheet of soft mud with a few inches of water and sometimes none at all forming the low-water -'. ire ofthe lake all thi p!a â€¢ was ab i lute ly covered with flocks i f screaming plover w e took oft our clothes end getting overboard com menced dragging the boal â€” making by this ope ration a very curious trail and a very disagree ble smell in stin the mu i a - we ank a hove tlie knee at even tep fhe water here was still fresh with on . an insipidanddisagree aide taste probably derived from the i doffetid mu i after proi ding in this v ay about a mile we cane to a small bl ick ri tithe bot tom beyond wh nlj ait beginning * th bottom was sandy and firm v was a re mark able division sepan ting the fi h water of the rivers from the brinj ' -"â€¢ which was entirely salural i \ ''â– â– â€¢ " 'â– 'â– â€” pushino our little i i ss the n irrow boun lary we sprang on i â– at length w.-re afloat on the i sea 'â€¢ we did not steci ' unous is 1 mds bul lire ed our course to 1 lower one which it had been di ci 'â– â€¢ d 'â– ' e should first visit the summit of which was formed like the crater at the upper end of bear river valley so long as we could touch the bottom with our paddles we were very gay but gradually as the water deepened we became more still in our frail batteau of gum cloth distended with air and with pasted - am although the day was verv calm there was a considerable swell on the lake and there were white patches ot foam on the surface which were slowly moving to tbe southward indicating tbe set nf a cur rent in that direction and recalling the recol lection of the whirlpool stories the water continued to deepen as we advanced the lake becoming almost transpau-iitly clear ot an ex â€¢ ' tremely beautiful bright g:cen color and the spray which was thrown into the boat and : over our clothes was directly converted into a ' crust of common salt which covered also our hands and arms ' captain said carson who â€¢ fur some time had been looking suspiciously at some whitening appearances outside the near est islands * what are those yonder .' won't you just take a look with lhe glass f we ceased paddling for a moment and foimd ihem to be . the caps of the waves that were beginning to break under the force of a strong breeze that ' was coming up the lake the form of the boat seemed to be an admirable one and it rude on the waves like a water-bird bul at the same lime it was extremely slow in its progress â€” when we xvere a little more lhan half way across the reach two of the divisions between the cj linders gave way and it required the con stant u-m ofthe bellows to keep in a sullcieot quantity of air for a long time we scarcely seemed to approach our island but gradually we worked across the rougher sea of the open channel into the smoother water under the ice of ihe island : and began to discover that what we took lor a long row of pelicans ranged on lhe beach were only low dills whitened with 1 salt by the spray of the waves and about nooti we reached the shore ti â€¢ transparency of the water enabling us to see the bottom at a con siderable depth " li was a handsome broad beach where we landed behind xvhich the bill into which the island was gathered rose somewhat abruptly ; . and a point of rock at one end enclosed it in a sheltering way ; and as there was an abund ance of drift wood along lhe shore it offered us a pleasant encampment we did not sutler our frigile !> at to tou h the sharp rocks ; but getting overboard dis tharged the baggage and lifting it gently out vl the water carried it lo the upper pari f the beach which is compos ed of very small fragments of rock carrying with us the barometer and other instruments in tho afternoon we ascended to the highest point of the island â€” a bare rocky peak eight hundred feet above the lake stand ing on the summit we enjoyed an extended view of the hike enclosed in a basin of rugged ' mountains which sometimes left marshy hits and extensive bottoms between them and the shore and in other places came directly down into the water with bold and precipitous bluffs following xvith our glasses tin irregular shores we searched for some indications of a commu nication with other bodies of water or the cn . trance of other rivers but the distance was so great that we could make out nothing with cer tainty to the southward several peninsular mountains three or four thousand feet high en tered the lake appearing so fir as the distance and our position enabled us to determine tube connected by tlais and low ridges with the mountains in the rear although these are probably the islands usually indicated on maps ; ot this region as entirely detached from tiie i shore xve have preferred to represent ihem in the small map on the pie eding page precise ' ly as we xvere enabled to sketch them en the â€¢ ground leaving their more complete delineation tor a future survey the ketch ol which the â– scale is nearly sixteen miles to an inch i.s in troduced only to show clearly tin extent ol our operations xvhich it will be remembered were made when the waters were at their lowest stage at the season of high waters in the ' spring it is probable that all lhe marshes and ' low grounds are overflowed and tin surface ot c the lake considerably greater in several phi ces which will be indicated to you in the sketch by the absence of the bordering mountains tbo ' view was of unlimited extent â€” heie and ihcrc â– a rocky islet appearing above the water at a greal distance ; and beyond every tiling was vague and undefined as we looked over the vasl expanse ol water spread out beneath us ' and strained our eves along the silent shores over which bung su much doubt and uncertain ty and which were so full of interest to us i could hardly repress tie almost irresistible dc i sire to continue our exploration ; but the'length ening snow on ihe mountains xvas a plain indi cation of lhe advancing season and our frail linen boat appeared so insecure thai i wa un ] willing to trust our live to the uncertainties of the lake 1 therefore unwillingly resolved to terminate our surve unr and remain satisfied fur the present with what we hud been able to add to he unknown geography ofthe region â€” we felt pleasure also in remembering lhat wc ' were tin first who in tin traditionary annals of the country had \ isited the islands and broken with lin cheerful sound of human voices the long solitude of lhe place from the point where we were standing the ground fell offou every side to the water giving us a perfect view ofthe island which is twelve or thirteen miles in circumference being imply a rocky hill on which there is neilhor water nor trees of any kind " at sunset th temperature was t.i . we bad arrived just in time to obtain a meridian altitude of the sun and other observations were obtained ihis evening which place our camp in latitude ii 1 12 and longtitude 112 1 i from greenwich from a dis cussion ofthe barometrical observations made dining our stay on the shores ol the lake wo have adopted i 200 feel fir i elevation above thes gull of m'-xi o im the first disappoint ment we i from the dissipation ol our dream ofthe fertile islands i called this disappoint ment island " oui of the drift wood we made ourselves pleasanl little lodges open to the water and after having kindled large fires t > excite tbe wonder of any straggling savage on the lake shores lay down lor tin firsl lime in a long journey i-i perfect security uoone thinking a bout his arm the evening was extremely bright and pleasant but the wind rose during tie night and the wave began to break hea vily on ihe shoie making our island tremble i iii not expected in our island journey to hear th roar of an ocean ail and lhe strangeness of our situation and the excitement we felt in the associated interest of the place made ihii ne ofthe most interesting igbts i remember .' .: ii g our lon expedition fhe following brief bul significant ob servations occur on he 13th and 14th of september when th expedition was in latitude ii deg 12 min l'i ee and lon gitude 112 deg 05 min 12 sec : ti people to-day were rather low-spirited hunger making them very quiet and peaceable and there was rarely an oath to be heard in the ram * i â€” nol even a solitary enfant de grace h was time for tbe irem with an expected supply of provisions from fitzpatrick to be in the-neigh borhood and the gun was fired at evening to r*ive them notice of our locality but v ith no re Â« september 14 the people this evening looked so forh m that i gave l.hem permission to kiii a fat young horse which i had purchased with gooda from the snake indians and they

_ _ two dollars per annum in advance j 1>l ,..,;, inserted at 1 per square for the tirst j 5 for each subsequent insertion court or ; 5 percent higher . : 33j p :- cent will be made to those r : i forgiveness how beautifully fails : that blessed word forgive ; ., â€” ii the attribute of god â€” h li openeth heaven renews again it ii li n's faded bloom and flings i ha 1 o'er the waste of life an has been so schooled lessons ol iiim mity ranee ; i - im arts . man an an vi of heaven " bis hal in hand - by ; . 5 at a i orn r tand ig from bis si 'â– â– ' ess â€¢ ye ue by â€” a laughing re â€” in i inn ' ire th gaily to nn apple stand ii ind bi tme less gay ; . in h'-r hand and ran away ' from the society islands \ letti r is published in the hartford dated march 15th which says thai took place between the french xatives in which lhe former lost ndred mi n and the latter eighty e lei ;â– adds lhe following intel i there is an army of xatives 8,000 strong in sight they are wailing for lovementsof the english and amer icans when they will attack the town now in possession of the french it is though that the french who are much i blame for coming hi re and starving tbe > tives dri ing them from iheir towns will gel the worst of it i i shore yesterday and saw a greal of the french soldiers who were li i ia the lasl battle queen pomare has left the isle and â– . another she restrains the na the i-li s for the sake of peace . *,*, ill soon rebi 1 against her or ders : the an sl rc-ng and will assist their 1 to rid the islands of the french usurped authority the brandywine and two english fri gates are daily expected the french have a frigate and a steamer here and english have one steamer but the hmen will qoi let her depart because they will not salute their flag they have i d to lire into her if she did not some music is expected between the eng fn neb when an additional force a correspondent of the boston atlas fn m 1 onolulu and speaking of pomare says that recently th i rnor bruat sent the steam â– laiatea where she was to or tn induce her to return to tahi ti " but as she had done on her lirst vis itof the steamer she retired into fhe tins and would receive no message er from the ( cvernor the only upon which she will consent to re al brual shall re-hoist her per flag ii hich he had hauled down nd restore to her the property which he ited her flag nol being the 1 one but containing imply the i ol her soi ereignty w makes it :-'Â»- tpia inm point of honor lhat it shall wave she is a woman of strong s .' o meat is her abhorrence of afrenchman thai if a soldier ot thai na li in passes she buries her face on her and will not even look upon him no persuasion can induce her to yield the sl confidence in the faith ol ihe l jo she seems determined io have â€¢ ri ntire so ereignty or to lose ii ber affairs of till river platte espondenl nf ihe journal of < om thus i ommunicates the latest intel ai a letter dated at buenos ayres â– t july tin english aud french minisfere jnilii i to the argentine govern thal there will be landed from ihe ms of their respective countries off i leo english and french troops fho will oblige gen oribe to retire from city and the argentines will not wilh their forces the two ministers i i positively declined allowing the wide of the porl of montei idi o by argentine squadron the argentine â– ; rnmenl have requested the mediation the charge d'affaires of the united mr win brent jr who accepted the english and french ministers d it on the ground ol bis not being il rank : an i ihi re seems to be but of their receiving their pass s immediately the argentine government will not european nations to regulate their affairs and if driven to the ne dei are that they will issue -' commissions against english uch commerce whose present ' ow ed intention i to take possession of mdof martin garcia and blockade is ayres which will pro , cce retaliation from the argentine go accident â€” we learn thai a negro i as killed 0'i sunday night last by . 1 *â€¢! aboul three miles south of lien it is supposed that the negro was d.and had lain down across the '! gone to sleep when the cars t in lhe night and he being /' d the apparatus attached there be removal of obstructions crime " : ' :: "' with him and killed him in : another sad warning to the in . p^ate raleigh register the carolina watchman bruxer & james ) tc 7 e r * < ,.â€ž i " keep a nir.rx cros all your editors 4 proprietors i â€ž c new series r â„¢ stss ( number 22 of volume ii salisbury n c september 27 1845 cost of war ami ns inhumanity the line-of-battle-ship north carolina which lies at anchor in the harbor of new \ ork doubtless has cost more money ihan all ibe donations made to yale college and the entire funds invested in its eree tion since the institution was founded â€” w bat a fruitful topic of reflection is war â€” its demoralizing influences its flagrant waste of human life and its enormous ex penditure of money a direct tax upon the toil of the people ! what has yule college accomplished â€” it has idled the laud with educated men and scholars ; spread over every portion of tliis vast union learned divines law yers physicians scholars statesmen it has given to the rising generation its in structors to common e and the arts men of intelligence and integrity : to science the most enlightened minds to literature the purest and loftiest devotion : and dif fused over our whole country an influence so extensive in its ramifications and so stupendous in their moral social political am religious results that they are beyond the teach of human computation " whal has iln â€¢â€¢ north carolina bnt tle-ship achieved ami whal is it proposed she shall accomplish ! a proud monu meiii of human skill she lies upon the bosom of the waters a useless engine of modern warfare garrisoned by nearly eight hundred men and officers the cost tin her support iu addition to the original outlay of half a million is enormous â€” well when put to her legitimate uses does she spread knowledge instead of diffusing ignorance ; cultivate peace instead of dis cord : carry over the bosom of the ocean tlie blessings of civilization : oris her path stained wilh blood '. these are mere brief suggestions which if amplified would llll volumes ; but they may afford copious re flection for intelligent readers who choose to run out the parallel some months since a paixhan shell ex ploded accidentally in one of the streets of new york it instantly killed two or three individuals dreadfully mutilated others and spread horror and consterna tion over a populous neighborhood the newspapers were full of lamentations and ! the pulpil deprecated theawfulconsequen ces of such a terrific explosion but this destructive engine oi war only accomplish ed l lie purpose for which it was designed am slaughtered only a fractional part ol the number it was intended to kill ! ships of war paixhan guns and explosive shells are designed lo murder men by wholesale but when one is accidentally slaughtered by these terrific implements how long and loud are public lamentations war is the device of corrupt and perfidious men â€” peace the attribute of cod new haven paper he never speaks kind to mc â€” conver sing the oilier day wilh an interesting lit tle gitl between iho age of six and seven i took occasion to impress upon her mind lhe debt of gratitude that was due from her lo her own parent whom every body loves i was perfectly thunderstruck with her answer looking me full in the lace with lur sofl blue eyes she replied he never speaks kind io me perhaps the christian father harrassed with the cares ol life was unconscious that he had rough y cheeked the fond attention of his child ostrich hunting in africa â€” the male ostrich generally associates with from three to i'\'cu females which all lay in the same nest lie sits as well as the fe males and generally at night that he may defend the eggs from the attapks of the hyenas or olher animals ' *â€¢ you do no mean to say that he can fighl these animals .'" *â– and kill ihem also the ostrich lias two powerful weapons its wing with which ii lias been often known to break a hunter's leg lhe blow from it is so vio lent : and what is more fatal ils foot wilh the toe of which it strikes and kills both animals nnd men i once myself in nam aqua land saw a bushman who had been struck on ihe chest by the foot of the ost rich and it had lorn open his chesl and stomach so that his entrails were lying on the ground i hardlyneed say that the poor wretch was dead â€¢â€¢ i could hardly have credited it ol â€¢ served alexander the bushmen skin the ostrich and spread the skin upon a frame of wicker work : the head and neck are supported by a stick thrust through them the skin they tix on one of their sides and carry the head aud neck iu one of their hands : while the oilier holds the bows and arrow in this disguise of course with the feather ed side of him presented to the bird pr beast he would ret near to â€” he walks a long,pecking with the head at the bushes and imitating the motions of the ostrich ijv this stratagem he very often is enabled to get within shot of the other ostriches or the quaggas or gnoos which consort wilh these birds " i should like to see that very much said lhe major " you would be surprised at the close imitation as i have been i ought to have aid that lhe bushman whitens his legs with clay it is however a service of danger fori have ar i told you known a man killed by the male ostrich ; and the natives say that it is by no means uncom mon for ihem to receive very serious in jury â€” marryat's scenes in africa from the national intelligencer captain fremont's second exploring expedition continued august 13 â€” we lind the following fust mention of the most degraded tribe of in dians yet discovered on oui continent â€” the root-diggers : " we had now entered a country inlialiited i by these people : and as in the course of our voyage we shall frequently meet with them in various stages of existence it will be well to inform you that scattered over the great region west of the rocky mountains and south of the greal snake river are numerous indians whose subsistence is almost solely derived from routs and seeds and such small animals as chance and great good fortune sometimes bring within iheir reach they are miserably poor armed only with bows and arrows or clubs : and as the country they inhabit is almost destitute ot game they have no means of obtaining better arms in the northern part of the n-gi.ni just mentioned they iive generally in solitary fami lies : and farther to the south ihey are gather ed in villages those who live together in vil lages strengthened by association are in ex clusive possession of the more genial and rich er parts of the country while the others are driven to the ruder mountains and to the more hospitable parts of the country but by simply observing in accompanying us along our mad you will become better acquainted with these people than we could make you in any other than a very long description and you will find them worthy of your interest " roots seeds and grass every vegetable that affords any nourishment and every living animal tiling insect or worm they eat near ly approaching to the lower animal creation their sole employment is to obtain food and they are constantly occupied in a struggle to support existence the rapid and wasteful destruction of the buffalo in these western wildernesses has been often alluded to and lamented by : travellers yet lhe subject i.s of so much ; importance that we cannot omit captain ! fremont's very sensible observations upon it on august 30 in latitude 42 deg 1 i : min 22 sec and longitude about 112 â€” " a number of indians came to visit us and ! several men were sent to the village with goods tobacco knives cloth vermilion and the usual ; trinkets to exchange for provisions but they 1 had no i>ame of any kind ; and it was difficult to obtain any roots from them as they were miserably poor and had hut liitle to spare from j their winter stock of provisions several of the indians drew aside their blankets showing i me their lean and bony figures and i would not any longer tempt them with a display of our merchandise to part with their wretched subsis tence when they gave as a reason that it would expose them to temporary starvation a great : portion of the region inhabited by this nation formerly abounded in game ; the buffalo rang ' ing about in herds as we had found them on the eastern waters and the plains clotted with scat tered bauds o antelope ; but so rapidly have they disappeared within a few years that now as we journeyed along an occasional buffalo skull and a few wild antelope were ail that re mained ofthe abundance which had covered the country with animal life tie extraordinary rapidity with which the buffalo is disappearing from our territories will not appear surprising when we remember the great scale on which their destruction is yearly carried on with inconsiderable exceptions the business of lhe american trading posts is carried on in their skins : every year the indian villages make new lodges for which tlie skin of the buffalo furnishes the material and in that portion of the country where they are still found the indians derive their entire support from them and slaughter them with a thoughtless and abominable extravagance like the indi ans themselves they have been a characteristic ofthe great west and as like them they arc visibly diminishing it will lie interesting to throw a glance backward through tin ia.-t twen ty years and give some account of their former distribution through the country and the limit of their western range the information is derived principally from mr fitzpatrick supported by my own personal knowledge and acquaintance with the country our knowledge di.es not go farther back than lhe spring of 1824 at which time the buffalo were spread in immense numbers over ihe green river and hear river valleys and through all the country lying between lhe colorado < r green river ofthe iui i of california and lew is's fork of lhe columbia river the meridian ef fort hall ihen forming the western limit of iheir range the buffalo then remained for many years in that country an frequently mov ed down lhe valley of ihe columbia on both sides of th ri\er as fir as the fishing falls below this point they never descended in any numbers about lhe year 1-oi or 1835 ihey be**an to diminish verv rapidly and continued to decrease until 1838 or 1840 when with the country we have just described they entirely abandoned all the water ofthe pacific north of lewis's fork of the columbia at lhat tune the flathead indians were in the babit of find j n o their buffalo on the heads of salmon river ami other streams ol the columbia but now thev never meet with them farther west than the three forks of the missouri or the plains cf the yellowstone river in the course of our journey it will be re marked that the buffalo have not so entirely a bandoned the waters of the pacific in the rocky-mountain region south of the sweet \\ a ter as in the countrv north of the great pass this partial distribution can only be accounted for in the great pastoral beauty of that country which bears marks of having been one of their favorite haunts and bv the tact that the white hunters have more frequented the northern than lhe southern region â€” il being north ot the south pass that ihe hunters trappers and traders have had their rendezvous for many years past ; and from that section also the great portion of the beaver and rich furs were taken although the most dangerous us well as the most profita ble in mt in r ground '* in lhat region lying between the green or colorado river and lln head water of the rio del norte over tne yampah kooyah white and grand rivers â€” all of which are the waters of the colorado â€” the buffalo never extended so far to the westward as they did on the waters of the columbia and only in one or two in stances have they heen known to descend as far west as the mouth of the white river in tra velling through the country west of the rocky mountains observation readily led me to the impression that the buffalo had for the first time crossed that range to the waters of the pacilic only a few vears prior to the period wc are con sidering and in this opinion i am sustained by mr fitzpatrick and the older trapper in that country in the region west of the rocky mountains we never meet with any ef the an cient vestiges which throughout all the country lying upon their eastern waters are found in the great highways continuous for hundreds ol miles always several inches and sometimes sev eral feet in depth which the buffalo have made in crossing from one river to another or in tra versing the mountain ranges the snake in dians more particularly those low down upon lewis's fork have always been very grateful tu the american trappers for the great kindness as they frequently expressed it which they did to them i:i driving the buffalo so low down the columbia river lhe extraordinary abundance ol the buffa lo on the east side ofthe rocky mountains and their extraordinary diminution will lie made clearly evident from the lollowing statement â€” at any time between the years 1824 and 1830 a traveller might start from any given point south or north in the rocky mountain range journeying by the most direct route totbe mis souri river and duiing'he whole distance his road would be always among large bands of buffalo which would never he out of hits view until he arrived almost within sight of the a bodes of civilization at this time the buffalo ocenpy but a very limited space principally along the eastern base ofthe rocky mountains somestimes ex tending at their southern extremity to a consid erable distance into the plains between the ! platte and arkansas rivers and along the eas tern base ofthe rocky mountains sometimes extending at their southern extremity to a con siderable distance into the plains between the ; platte and arkansas rivers and along the eas tern frontier of new mexico as far south as tex as fhe following statement which i owe to the kindness of mr sanford partner in the ' american pur company wiil further illustrate this subject by extensive knowledge acquired during several years of ravel through the regi liion inhabited hy the buffalo : tip totul amount of robes annually traded by onr selves and others will not be foand to differ much from i the following statement : robes american fur company 7(1.000 hudson's bay company 10,000 all other companies probably ill noil making a total of 90,000 as an average annual return for the last 8 or tea years in the northwest the hudson's unv company ur chase from tin indians hut a very small number â€” their , ily market being canada to which the cost of trans portation nearly equals the produce of the tins ; and it is only within a very recent period that they have received buffalo robes i'i trade and out of the great number of buffalo annually killed throughout the extensive regions inhabtied by the camanchea and other kindred tribcs.no robes whatever are furnished fortrade duringonly four months of the year from november until march the skins are good for dressing those obtained in the remain ing eight months being valueless to traders and the hides of bulls are never taken off or dressed as robes at any s ei on probably not more than one-third of the skins arc taken from the animals killed even when they are in good season iho labor of preparing and dressing the robes being very great,and ii is seldom that a lodge trades more than twenty kins in a year it isduring the summer months and in tli early pari of autumn that the greatest number of buffalo are killed and yet at this time a skin is never taken for the purpose ol trade from these data which are certainly limi ; ted and decidedly within bounds the reader is left to draw his own inference of the immense number annually killed in 1842 i found the sioux indians ofthe upper platte demontes as their french traders expressed it with the failure ofthe buffalo and in the following year large villages from the upper missouri came over to the mountains al the heads of the platte in search of them the rapidly progressive failure of their principal and almost their only means of subsistence has ere ated great alarm among them and at this lime there are only two modes presented to them by which they see a good prospect for escaping starvation one of these is to rob the settle ments along the frontier of the states ; and the other is to form a league between the various tribes ol the sioux nation the cheyennes and arapahoes and make war against the ( ro\v na tion in i rder to take from them their country which is now the best buffalo country in the west this plan they have now in considera tion and it would probably be a war of exter mination as the crows have long been advised of his state of affairs and say that they are perfectly prepared these are the best war riors in the rocky mountains and are now al lied with the snake indians : and it is probable that their combination would extend itself to the utahs who have long been engaged in war a o-ainst the sioux il is in this section of coun try th a mv observation formerly led me to re comrm nd the establishment of a military post the further course of our narrative will ive fuller and more detailed information ofthe present disposition of the buffalo iu the country we visited on september 0 th parry obtained the first view of the object of their anxious search the great stilt lake : the waters ofthe inland sea stretching in still and solitary grandeur far beyond the limit of our vision it was one of the great points of the exploration : and as we looked eagerly ovcr the lake in the first emotions ot excited pleasure i am doubtful if the followers of bal boa felt more enthusiasm when from the heights < of the andes they saw for the first time the 1 great western ocean it was certainly a mag nificent i bj ct and a noble terminus to this part of our expedition : and to travellers so long shut up am mg m untaiu ranges a sudden view over the expanse of silcnl waters had iu it si raething sublime several large islands raised their high rocky heads out ofthe waves â€¢ luit wheth er or hot ihey were timbered was siill left to our imagination as the distance was too great to determine if the dark hues upon them were woodland or naked rock doling the day the clouds had been gathering black overtbe moun tains to the westward and while we were look ing a storm burst down v ith su iden fury upon the lake and entirely hid the islands from our view no fir as we could see alongthe shores there was not a solitary tree ami bul little ap pearance of grass : and on weber's fork,a few miles below our last encampment the timber was gathered into groves and then disappeared ci entirely fhe voyage 0:1 the bike nnd the preli minary anticipations ure thus graphically described : with mr preuss and myself carson ber nier and basil lajeunesse had been selected for the boat expedition â€” the first ever attempt ed on this interior sea : and i'm an with der osier and jacob the colored min were to in left iu charge of tin camp we were favored with most delightful weather to-night there was a brilliant sunset of golden orange and green which left the western sky clear and beautifully pure : but clouds in the east made me lose an occullation the summer frogs were singing around us and the evening was very pleasant with a temperature of 60 deg â€” a night of a more southern autumn for our supper wi had yamvah the most agreeably fla vored of the roots seasoned by a small fat luck which had come iti the way id jacob's rifle â€” around our lire to-night were many specula tions on what to-morrow would bring forth and ; in our busy conjectures we fancied that we should lind every one ofthe large islands a tan ' gled wilderness of trees and shrubbery teem ing with game of every description that tin neighboring region afforded and which the fool of a white man or indian had never viola ted frequently dm ing the day clouds had rested on ihe summits ol their 1 i'.v mountains and we believed that xve should lind cleai streams and springs of fresh water aud we â€¢ indulged in anticipations ot the luxurious re : pasts with which we were t j indemnify our selves for past privations neither in our dis cussions were the whirlpool and other invste rious dangers forgotten which indian and hun ! ter's stories attributed to this unexplored lake the men had discovered that instead of being strongly sewed like that ofthe preceding year which had so triumphantly rod the canons o the upper great platte our present boat wa only pasted together in a very insecure manner the maker having heen allowed so little tin ii the construction that he was obliged to crowi the labor of two months into several days the insecurity ofthe boat was sensibly felt b ; us and mingled with lhe enthusiasm and ex citement that we all felt at the prospect i fa undertaking which had never before been ac complished was a certain impression of dan er sufficient to give a serious character to out 1 conversation the momentary view which hac been had ofthe lake the i\v.y before its grea extent and rugged islands dimly seen amids the dark waters in he obscurity ol the suddei storm were well calculated lo heighten the i â– ! â– : of undefined danger with which the lake was generally associated 11 september 8 â€” a calm clear day xvith it sunrise temperature ol 41 '. in view of our pre sent enterprise a part ofthe equipment of the boat had been made to consist in three air-tight bags about ihrcc feel long and capable cacb of containing five gallons these had been idled with water the night before and were now placed in the boat wilh our blankets and instru ments consisting of a sextant telescope spy glass thermometer and barometer " on septembi r9the day was clear and calm the thermometer at sunrise at 19 as is usual '. with the trappers on the eve of any enterprise our people had made dreams and their happen ed to be a had one â€” one which always preceded evil â€” and consequently thej ' toked very gloomy this morning : but we hurried through our break fast in order to make an early start and have all day before us for our adventure the i han nel in a short distance 1 mi shallow that our navigation was at an en i being merely a sheet of soft mud with a few inches of water and sometimes none at all forming the low-water -'. ire ofthe lake all thi p!a â€¢ was ab i lute ly covered with flocks i f screaming plover w e took oft our clothes end getting overboard com menced dragging the boal â€” making by this ope ration a very curious trail and a very disagree ble smell in stin the mu i a - we ank a hove tlie knee at even tep fhe water here was still fresh with on . an insipidanddisagree aide taste probably derived from the i doffetid mu i after proi ding in this v ay about a mile we cane to a small bl ick ri tithe bot tom beyond wh nlj ait beginning * th bottom was sandy and firm v was a re mark able division sepan ting the fi h water of the rivers from the brinj ' -"â€¢ which was entirely salural i \ ''â– â– â€¢ " 'â– 'â– â€” pushino our little i i ss the n irrow boun lary we sprang on i â– at length w.-re afloat on the i sea 'â€¢ we did not steci ' unous is 1 mds bul lire ed our course to 1 lower one which it had been di ci 'â– â€¢ d 'â– ' e should first visit the summit of which was formed like the crater at the upper end of bear river valley so long as we could touch the bottom with our paddles we were very gay but gradually as the water deepened we became more still in our frail batteau of gum cloth distended with air and with pasted - am although the day was verv calm there was a considerable swell on the lake and there were white patches ot foam on the surface which were slowly moving to tbe southward indicating tbe set nf a cur rent in that direction and recalling the recol lection of the whirlpool stories the water continued to deepen as we advanced the lake becoming almost transpau-iitly clear ot an ex â€¢ ' tremely beautiful bright g:cen color and the spray which was thrown into the boat and : over our clothes was directly converted into a ' crust of common salt which covered also our hands and arms ' captain said carson who â€¢ fur some time had been looking suspiciously at some whitening appearances outside the near est islands * what are those yonder .' won't you just take a look with lhe glass f we ceased paddling for a moment and foimd ihem to be . the caps of the waves that were beginning to break under the force of a strong breeze that ' was coming up the lake the form of the boat seemed to be an admirable one and it rude on the waves like a water-bird bul at the same lime it was extremely slow in its progress â€” when we xvere a little more lhan half way across the reach two of the divisions between the cj linders gave way and it required the con stant u-m ofthe bellows to keep in a sullcieot quantity of air for a long time we scarcely seemed to approach our island but gradually we worked across the rougher sea of the open channel into the smoother water under the ice of ihe island : and began to discover that what we took lor a long row of pelicans ranged on lhe beach were only low dills whitened with 1 salt by the spray of the waves and about nooti we reached the shore ti â€¢ transparency of the water enabling us to see the bottom at a con siderable depth " li was a handsome broad beach where we landed behind xvhich the bill into which the island was gathered rose somewhat abruptly ; . and a point of rock at one end enclosed it in a sheltering way ; and as there was an abund ance of drift wood along lhe shore it offered us a pleasant encampment we did not sutler our frigile !> at to tou h the sharp rocks ; but getting overboard dis tharged the baggage and lifting it gently out vl the water carried it lo the upper pari f the beach which is compos ed of very small fragments of rock carrying with us the barometer and other instruments in tho afternoon we ascended to the highest point of the island â€” a bare rocky peak eight hundred feet above the lake stand ing on the summit we enjoyed an extended view of the hike enclosed in a basin of rugged ' mountains which sometimes left marshy hits and extensive bottoms between them and the shore and in other places came directly down into the water with bold and precipitous bluffs following xvith our glasses tin irregular shores we searched for some indications of a commu nication with other bodies of water or the cn . trance of other rivers but the distance was so great that we could make out nothing with cer tainty to the southward several peninsular mountains three or four thousand feet high en tered the lake appearing so fir as the distance and our position enabled us to determine tube connected by tlais and low ridges with the mountains in the rear although these are probably the islands usually indicated on maps ; ot this region as entirely detached from tiie i shore xve have preferred to represent ihem in the small map on the pie eding page precise ' ly as we xvere enabled to sketch them en the â€¢ ground leaving their more complete delineation tor a future survey the ketch ol which the â– scale is nearly sixteen miles to an inch i.s in troduced only to show clearly tin extent ol our operations xvhich it will be remembered were made when the waters were at their lowest stage at the season of high waters in the ' spring it is probable that all lhe marshes and ' low grounds are overflowed and tin surface ot c the lake considerably greater in several phi ces which will be indicated to you in the sketch by the absence of the bordering mountains tbo ' view was of unlimited extent â€” heie and ihcrc â– a rocky islet appearing above the water at a greal distance ; and beyond every tiling was vague and undefined as we looked over the vasl expanse ol water spread out beneath us ' and strained our eves along the silent shores over which bung su much doubt and uncertain ty and which were so full of interest to us i could hardly repress tie almost irresistible dc i sire to continue our exploration ; but the'length ening snow on ihe mountains xvas a plain indi cation of lhe advancing season and our frail linen boat appeared so insecure thai i wa un ] willing to trust our live to the uncertainties of the lake 1 therefore unwillingly resolved to terminate our surve unr and remain satisfied fur the present with what we hud been able to add to he unknown geography ofthe region â€” we felt pleasure also in remembering lhat wc ' were tin first who in tin traditionary annals of the country had \ isited the islands and broken with lin cheerful sound of human voices the long solitude of lhe place from the point where we were standing the ground fell offou every side to the water giving us a perfect view ofthe island which is twelve or thirteen miles in circumference being imply a rocky hill on which there is neilhor water nor trees of any kind " at sunset th temperature was t.i . we bad arrived just in time to obtain a meridian altitude of the sun and other observations were obtained ihis evening which place our camp in latitude ii 1 12 and longtitude 112 1 i from greenwich from a dis cussion ofthe barometrical observations made dining our stay on the shores ol the lake wo have adopted i 200 feel fir i elevation above thes gull of m'-xi o im the first disappoint ment we i from the dissipation ol our dream ofthe fertile islands i called this disappoint ment island " oui of the drift wood we made ourselves pleasanl little lodges open to the water and after having kindled large fires t > excite tbe wonder of any straggling savage on the lake shores lay down lor tin firsl lime in a long journey i-i perfect security uoone thinking a bout his arm the evening was extremely bright and pleasant but the wind rose during tie night and the wave began to break hea vily on ihe shoie making our island tremble i iii not expected in our island journey to hear th roar of an ocean ail and lhe strangeness of our situation and the excitement we felt in the associated interest of the place made ihii ne ofthe most interesting igbts i remember .' .: ii g our lon expedition fhe following brief bul significant ob servations occur on he 13th and 14th of september when th expedition was in latitude ii deg 12 min l'i ee and lon gitude 112 deg 05 min 12 sec : ti people to-day were rather low-spirited hunger making them very quiet and peaceable and there was rarely an oath to be heard in the ram * i â€” nol even a solitary enfant de grace h was time for tbe irem with an expected supply of provisions from fitzpatrick to be in the-neigh borhood and the gun was fired at evening to r*ive them notice of our locality but v ith no re Â« september 14 the people this evening looked so forh m that i gave l.hem permission to kiii a fat young horse which i had purchased with gooda from the snake indians and they