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Tech firms like Facebook should be liable for “harmful and misleading” material on their websites and pay a levy so they can be regulated, British politicians said, warning of a crisis in democracy due to misuse of personal data.

Facebook has increasingly been targeted in the UK Parliament media committee’s inquiry into “fake news”, after the data of 87 million users was improperly accessed by the consultancy Cambridge Analytica, which was based in the UK.

Facebook executives said on Wednesday its profit margins would plummet for several years due to the cost of improving privacy safeguards and slowing usage in its top advertising markets. The news wiped more than US$120 billion off the company’s value as share prices fell by 20 per cent.

At the same time, the company is coming under concerted regulatory scrutiny in Britain, the United States and the European Union.

“Companies like Facebook made it easy for developers to scrape user data and to deploy it in other campaigns without their knowledge or consent,” Damian Collins, chair of the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport Committee, said on Sunday.

“They must be made responsible, and liable, for the way in which harmful and misleading content is shared on their sites.”

The report was first published online late on Friday by Dominic Cummings, who ran the official Vote Leave campaign in the EU referendum.

The standards of accuracy and impartiality which tech companies are held to could be based on regulator Ofcom’s rules for television and radio, politicians said.

British broadcasters, whether publicly or privately owned, must generally stick to strict rules on political balance and factual accuracy, overseen by a regulator.

TechUK, a trade association for technology firms operating in Britain said it would be challenging to hold them to higher standards than the country’s newspapers or politicians.

“Sometimes decisions about what is and isn’t ‘fake’ will be highly political and contentious,” techUK’s deputy director, Antony Walker, said.

“Determining what is and is not accurate information is not always straightforward and both traditional media and elected politicians can often be sources of news that is inaccurate or untrue."

The committee’s report also suggested a levy on tech firms which could contribute to an increased budget for Britain’s data regulator, the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO), in the way in which the banking sector pays for the upkeep of its watchdog, the Financial Conduct Authority.

The ICO earlier this month fined Facebook for the Cambridge Analytica scandal.

Tom Watson, deputy leader of Britain’s opposition Labour Party, said the government had previously rejected its efforts to give the ICO greater investigation powers and improve disclosure of how online political adverts are funded.

Cambridge Analytica, which was hired by Donald Trump’s United States presidential campaign in 2016, has denied its work on the election made use of the data in question.

It has also said that while it pitched for work with campaign group Leave.EU before the Brexit referendum in Britain in 2016, it did not end up doing any work on that campaign.

The committee, however, said that adverts used online in the campaign were not clearly labelled, and expressed concern about a breach of spending rules by rival campaign group Vote Leave.

“We are facing nothing less than a crisis in our democracy – based on the systematic manipulation of data to support the relentless targeting of citizens ... by campaigns of disinformation and messages of hate,” Mr Collins said.

The findings were made in an interim report, with the full report due in the autumn.