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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

A. Background of Study In every day¶s life, as a human, we always interact each other in the society. That thing must be happened and cannot be avoided. The interaction to the society is a need, In other words, we cannot live alone without any help from other people. So, communication is very important thing at anytime and anywhere. In communication, language holds the important role for process in communication. Language is an arbitrary spoken symbol used by the member of society for communication and interaction each other based on culture they have.1 Language is used in every aspectin life, like economy, culture, social and politics. Language has various purposes. We can use it for some different purposes. In daily life, we may use language as referential, affective, esthetic, or phatic. As referential, language functions to give information or just inform something. As affective, language functions to convey the information precisely. As esthetic, language functions for aesthetics and as phatic, language functions to create a

good social relationship and avoid friction (social fabrication).2 All function explained above relates to the pragmatics. Pragmatics is the branch of study of language becoming popular nowadays. Linguists are aware that the effort to get the essence of language will not give the best result without the understanding about pragmatics. Pragmatics itself is the branch of linguistics learning about language structure in external way. It means how unit of language is used in communication.3According to Yule, pragmatics is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms.4The meaning learned in pragmatics is context-bound or context dependent. It is different with semantics learning the meaning without context. Context holds the important role and cannot be separated in learning pragmatics. According to Firth, study of language cannot be done without considering situation context, such as; participation, the act of participation (verbal and nonverbal), the characteristics of relevant situations with continuous thing, and the impact of speech acts which is showed by types of change, occurs by participant¶s action.5 In reality, how do we know we are dealing with pragmatic, rather than with semantic phenomena? Since pragmatics studies meaning in relation to speech situation reference to one or more of the following aspects of the speech situations will be a criterion. 6

1. Addressers or addressees 2. The context of an utterance 3. The goal (s) of an utterance 4. The utterance as a form of act or activity : a speech act 5. The utterance as a product of a verbal act One of pragmatics¶ objects is ³speech acts´. The termof speech actsfor the first time is used by J.L. Austin. He is known as´Father of Speech Acts¶ Theory´. For him, uttering something means do something, such as; [1] I name this ship the Queen Elizabeth¶ ± as uttered when smashing the bottle against the stern. On the first Austin¶s theory, that utterance is named performative. By issuing his book entitle ³How to do things with words´ which has implication by using words, we can do many things. Austin isolates three basic senses in which in saying something one is doing something, and hence three kinds of acts that are simultaneously performed7:

1. Locutionary Acts: the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.This act is kind of speech acts which solely state something.8 2. Illocutionary Acts: the making of statement, offering, promising, etc. in uttering a sentence, by virtue of the conventional force associated with it (or with its explicit performative paraphrase).This act is what
7

variously. when and where the conversation happen.
. Levinson. promising. I Dewa Putu Wijana. such effects being special to the circumstances of utterance. ordering. (1996). forcing.cit. If we can understand the implicit meaning of utterance. or frightening the addressee into shooting her. 11 Stephen C. (1993). apologizing. etc. p. one may say of this utterance that.For example of the explanation above: [2] Shoot her! We can analyze. Perlocutionary Acts: kind of speech acts that the purpose of the utterance is to influence the hearer to do something. it has the illocutionary force of. the people apply pragmatics in their communication. but the perlocutionary effect of persuading. advising the addressee to shoot her. and it can be the act of explaining. 20.4
the speaker wants to achieve when uttering something. predicting. op. we will get much information unmentioned. An Illocutionary acts is so difficult to be identified because we have to consider who the speaker and hearer are.10 The bringing about of effects on the audience by means of uttering the sentence. arguing.
9 10
Ibid. Being conscious or not. pp.cit. 236-237. directing. implicit or explicit in doing communication. threatening. People have certain purposes. asking. etc. That causesillocutionary actsbecome center to understand speech acts. in appropriate circumstances.9 3. op.11 In this research. illocutionary acts become special studies rather than locutionary acts and perlocutionary acts.

Blackwood¶s follower is aware of Holmes existence and tries to attack him. [3] Always nice to see you Watson. Holmes is happy after meet Watson. Watson. For example in the beginning of the story. Watson saves him. It is not caused he has been for a long time does not meet him but because his partner always on his side when he is in big trouble and helpshim. [5] This woman needs hospital immediately. Fortunately. In this context. This utterance is spoken by Holmes to his partner. Because of that. He also uses the word ³Observe´ to command Watson to watch something carefully (unseen poisonous-needle) and especially learn more about it. on the right time. Holmes uses the word ³Don¶t´ to stop his partner when he wants to hit Blackwood. In this context. Unpredictable. [4] Watson! Don¶t!Observe. story from fiction novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. This utterance is spoken by Holmes to his partner Watson.5
In the ³Sherlock Holmes¶ movie´ produced by director Guy Ritchie. In that utterance. Holmes holds Watson and says µDon¶t! Observe¶. has much unique utterances that contain illocutionary acts.
.This utterance means as a warning for Watson to be careful and not emotional when getting angry. The utterance above is illocutionary act of directive. Holmes knows if Blackwood has prepared unseen poisonous tool to kill. to not attack Blackwood who provokes him to do anarchic. This utterance is an illocutionary act of expressive. Holmes spies on Blackwood¶s crime toward the woman.

the research¶s question is. Watson uses the word µneed¶ to indirectly ask Sheriff to bring the woman to the hospital. The writer chooses the illocutionary acts to analyze the main character. what types of illocutionary acts are dominantlypresented in the Sherlock Holmes¶ movie spoken by Sherlock Holmes?
. Research Question For the analysis. Because of they are so closed and cannot be separated. this research will focus on the types of illocutionary acts in the Sherlock Holmes¶ moviespoken by Sherlock Holmes and its script.
B. Then. Holmes and Watson are so closed in many things in their life.
C. The writer also chooses Sherlock Holmes¶ movie because it is very interesting to be analyzed since Holmes as great consulting detective and Watson as a doctor have unique and various ways in their communication. Some utterances above are parts of the illocutionary actsin this paper. this kind of act has become the center to understand speech acts entirely. Indirectly. this moviebecomes more interesting to be analyzed. Sherlock Holmes.6
The utterance above is an illocutionary act of Assertive and also directive. Watson says to sheriff that the woman must have hospital immediately since she is in serious condition and must be cured. Focus of the Study According to the background of study above. in the Sherlock Holmes¶ movie since it analyzes what the speaker¶s intends and what the speaker wants to achieve by uttering something. because of.

2.
3. especially by using John R.7
D. This research gives the description about the types of illocutionary acts used dominantly by Sherlock Holmes in Sherlock Holmes¶ movie and its representation. Method of the Research The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative where the writer describes and analyzes the selected of illocutionary acts taken from the script of the movie. Research Methodology 1. selecting.and then classifies them according to the types of illocutionary acts. especially for illocutionary acts. and clarifying the suitable utterances with the method and relevant concept. good understanding about speech acts. Technique of Data Analysis The data will be analyzed through descriptive qualitative by collecting.
E. especially for linguists or linguistic students. Purpose of the Study The purpose of the study is to know the types of illocutionary acts which are dominantly presented by Sherlock Holmes as main character in the Sherlock Holmes¶ movie through its script. Searle¶s taxonomy of illocutionary acts.
. In this research. Significance of the Study The writer hopes this research will give the readers. the process of collecting data is done through the following steps.

Remembering that the involvement of the writer is very important. story from fiction novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Grouping the dialogue in relation to types of illocutionary acts.8
1. The writer cannot find the official one since there is no final script for this movie from its official website. 4. Choosing the illocutionary acts on the script.
. the writer will follow some steps of the research neatly. 6. the writer uses himself as main instrument to get the required data. Instrument of the Research In this research. 7. Reading entire dialogue on script. Searching the film and its script. Unit of Analysis The unit analysis of this research is a Sherlock Holmes¶movie and its script. Analyzing data. This movie is produced by director Guy Ritchie. 5. Writing a report of the study. 3. Then.For the script.
4.
5. the writer searches on the internet and finds it unofficial with no page. Watching the movie thoroughly. the writer inserts the page number by himself to make it easier to refer. 2.

George Yule.14 Austin (1962) divides speech acts into three basic categories. issue warnings. (1996). lay bets. 214. locutionary acts.cit.13 It means that you can use language to do thing.
13
12
9
. Intended meaning is the meaning that the speaker wants to achieve and interpreted meaning is the meaning that is interpreted by the hearer. behabitive. but also warn someone.cit. Generally. 2003). Nadar. Both of them depend on the context of utterance and use. illocutionary acts. Austin categorizes the illocutionary acts. 2-3. 14 Victoria Fromkin. verdictive. the writer will use John R. By saying I warn you that there is a sheepdog in the closet. etc. Searle¶s taxonomy of illocutionary acts to analyze the utterances since Searle¶s taxonomy has greater clarity and force than Austin¶s. you not only say something. p. pp. excercitive.X.op.CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
Studying pragmatics is very interesting because it learns the meaning of utterance by involving the context. In this analysis. 47. and perlocutionary acts.12 This study has closed relation with speech acts. 2009: 2) shows two types of the meaning. Searle (1979)
F. An Introduction to Language. There are intended meaning and interpreted meaning. op. and commissive. expositive. actions performed via utterances are called ³speech acts´. p. Leech (in Nadar. you can use language to make promises. (2009). (USA: Heinle.

pragmatics¶ term is used by Charles Morris in 1938 in relation with semiotics or semiology.
A. 2009). Linguists have different point of view about pragmatics. Charles Morris: A Brief Outline of His Philosophywith relations to semiotics. Morris (in Tarigan. 30.10
classifies illocutionary acts into five basic categories.15 For the first time. http://www.
15
. expressives. p. Kiefer & Bierwisch suggest that ´pragmaticsis one of those words (societal and cognitive are others) that give the impression that something quite specific and technical is being talked about when often in fact it has no clear
Eugene Halton. After Morris. 16 Henry Guntur Tarigan. Pragmatics Pragmatics is the study of language becoming popular nowadays. 2011.nd. Linguists are aware that the effort to get the essence of language will not give the best result without the understanding about pragmatics. and declarations. Pragmatics originally has its roots in Morris¶ idea of a division of signs concerned with ³the relation of signs to their interpreters or users´. Austin continues studying pragmatics by issuing his book under the title How to Do Things with Words which has implication by using words. pragmatics. The word µpragmatics¶ comes from Greek which the meaning refers to the activity or event.htm. (Bandung: Angkasa. 2009:30) defines pragmatics as study of signs relation with the interpreter. assertives.16 Searle.edu/~ehalton/Morrisbio. and linguistics. John L. semiotics learns about signs. Pengajaran Pragmatik. Accessed on January 29. Morris uses pragmatics¶ term to refer the relation between signs and the people who interpret it. we can do something. Generally. directives commissives.

6. p. consist of. Levinson. op. the writer will focus to analyze speech acts comprehensively. (1983).cit. op. their purposes or goals.18 The advantage of studying language via pragmatics is that one can talk about people¶s intended meanings. Speech acts¶ term comes from Austin¶s lectured in Harvard University in 1955. 207. a locutionary act (the production of sounds and words with meanings). an illocutionary act (the issuing
Stephen C.cit. p. Later. pragmatics is concerned with the interpretation with linguistic meaning in context.
B. and the kinds of actions (for example. when somebody says something.
18
17
. requests) that they are performing when they speak. that lectured is published in 1962 under the title How to Do Things with Words. he also does something. speech acts. When somebody uses verb promises in I promise I will come on time. The big disadvantage is that all these very human concepts are extremely difficult to analyze in a consistent and objective way.17 According to Yule. All the utterance shows speech acts. presupposition.cit. 20 Victoria Fromkin (2003). there are so many things learned such as deixis. pragmatics is the study of the relationships between linguistic forms and the users of those forms.19 Another definition. op.11
meaning´. Speech Acts For the first time.20 In pragmatics. In this research. basically. 19 Ibid. etc. Austin says. he does not only say the words but also do the action (promise). 4. p. George Yule (1996). their assumptions.

p. (Great Britain: Oxford University Press.For him. by saying something. we may also perform perlocutionary acts:
Deborah Schiffrin. speech acts is used by Austin. ( Cambridge: Blackwell. not just the utterance which has performative verb. warning. Nadar (2009).cit. How to Do Things with Words.
22 21
. 108. ordering. utterances which have a certain (conventional) force. F. i. 1962). thanking. such as asserting. congratulating. and a perlocutionary act (the actual effect achieved µby saying¶). Second.22
C. Thirdly. 14.L. 94. p. the speakers solely do not just utter something. op. This opinion has relation with the objects of pragmatics which most of them are speech acts in communication. undertaking. He develops hypothesis which basically says that every utterance contains an action. which again is roughly equivalent to µmeaning¶ in the traditional sense. 24 Ibid. we do something. Searle (1975) says that the smallest unit in communication is speech acts. p. So it can be concluded that speech acts is the activity done by uttering something.X. Types of Speech Acts In the beginning.21 Speech Acts is the basic analysis in pragmatics. p. 23 J. ordering.23 Austin distinguishes a group of things we do in saying something. explaining.e. and there is a meaning in behind. &c. questioning. which is roughly equivalent to uttering a certain sentence with a certain sense and reference. we say that we also perform illocutionary acts such as informing. Austin. which together we sum up:24 by saying we perform a locutionary acts. Approaches to Discourse. 1994). apologizing. 51.12
of an utterance with conventional communicative force achieved µin saying¶).. Speech acts¶ term appears as a result of uttering something. etc.

p. Rhetic Act (using sounds with
25 26
Jean Stilwell Peccei. 1999). phonic act (producing sounds). op.
C. the utterance is uttered just to informingthat the man generally has two arms and legs. 17. Pengantar Semantik Bahasa Indonesia. 27 Abdul Chaer. without the inclination to do something. deterring. surprising or misleading. p. locutionary act consists of. this kind of speech acts is the easiest one to be identified since in the process of identifying. (1996). Pragmatics. Moreover. and also does not influence the hearer.
.(Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. (Great Britain: Routledge.1. locutionary act is roughly equivalent to uttering a certain sentence with a certain sense and reference. locutionary act is called the act of saying something. c. such as convincing. it can be done without involving the context of utterance.
78.26 This act produces sounds of language which means something. and even. [1] Man has two arms and legs. He defines this act as the actual form of words used by the speaker and their semantic meaning. Locutionary Acts According to Austin. b. which again is roughly equivalent to µmeaning¶ in the traditional sense. Locutionary act¶s meaning is literal. p. saying. Phatic act (revealing sounds as a part from any grammar or vocabulary). 44. 2009).25 According to Wijana (1996).27 For example.cit. I Dewa Putu Wijana. In details. On the example above. persuading. a.13
what we bring about or achieve by saying something.

if it is uttered by a man to his girlfriend means the man wants to express his admiration. [2] Your hair is very long! The utterance above. etc. etc.2. 18. op. but also to do something. and aspect C refers to the meaning. p. if that utterance is uttered by a mother to her son. or by a wife to her husband. F. 2007).
Wachyu Sandayana. 44. p. op.28 Aspect A and B refer to the grammar. 31 I Dewa Putu Wijana (1996). or. promising. 6. (Jakarta: Universitas Terbuka. asking.cit. apologizing. ordering.
29
28
. 30 Jean Stilwell Peccei (1999). Nevertheless.31 For example. p. Semantic. and it can be the act of asserting. threatening.29 According to Austin. thanking. threatening.cit. So the locutionary act is built from these aspects which simultaneously happen. that utterance is meant the hair must be cut. Illocutionary Acts Illocutionary act is what the speaker wants to achieve by uttering something.
C. op. this act is known as the act of doing something. p.cit.30 The function of illocutionary act is not only to utter something. 14. this act is what the speaker done by uttering these words: commanding.14
certain meaning). promising.X. offering.19. Therefore. Nadar (2009). by a teacher to male student at such institutions.

Thus. This kind of speech act used to influence the hearer is called ³perlocutionary act´. This act is known as the act of
Wachyu Sandayana. p. Perlocutionary Acts The utterance uttered by the speaker usually has a force or effect to the hearer. warning. Pesona Bahasa: Langkah Awal Memahami Linguistik. The purpose of illocutionary act is to produce the utterance known as illocutionary force. then that information will be received by the hearer. By using illocutionary force.cit. (Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. informing. et al. 2005). when and where the conversation happen.33 The illocutionary act is rather difficult to be identified than locutionary act since we have to consider who the speaker and the hearer are. Kushartanti. promising. or ordering something. Deliberately or not. the speaker wants to asking. (2007).3. etc. every speaker has certain purposes by uttering utterances.32 Through those utterances. the illocutionary act is a center to understand speech acts. In other words. 110. The illocutionary force is usually expressed by some verbs called ³performative verbs´. loc..15
The illocutionary act is thought as the most important act in the speech acts. this effect is created by the speaker. the speaker informs something in conversation or communication.
33
32
.
C. This act relates to the speaker¶s purposes.

[3] I was very busy yesterday. 1. If that utterance is uttered by somebody who cannot attend in the meeting.37
I Dewa Putu Wijana (1996). misleading. excercitive. p. Searle. Classification of Illocutionary Acts Austin categorizes the illocutionary acts into five basic categories of verdictive.
35
34
.cit. 20. behabitive.36 The most important weakness is simply this.
perlocutionary act is the effect created by illocutionary act to the hearer. 8. etc. 36 Ibid. etc. Expression and Meaning: Studies in the Theory of Speech Acts. For example. p. then there is also no clear principle of classification and because there is a persistent confusion between illocutionary acts and illocutionary verbs. 35 But Searle thinks Austin¶s taxonomy of illocutionary act contains several weaknesses and needs to be seriously revised. 34 Perlocutionary act appears because of perlocutionary force in the utterance. 1979). In other words. and commissive. (New York: Cambridge University Press. convincing. p. 37 Ibid. p. op. John R. such as shocking. expositive.
D. this is kind of illocutionary act to apologize and the effect is the people who invite or the hearer will be understand about that. There is no clear or consistent principle or set of principles on the basis of which the taxonomy is constructed.16
affecting someone. 10.

38
39
Ibid.Representatives/Assertives are to commit the speaker to something¶s being the case. to the truth of the expressed proposition. They express what the speaker wants. inform.2. etc. affirm. predict. command.1. complain. op. p. George Yule (1996). hypothesize. report. boast. assert.
D. the world is actually not flat anymore. the speaker uses the illocutionary acts of representative (describing). 12-20. pp. In using a directive. Searle¶s categories are defined as follows:38 D. request. For example: [4] The earth is flat.
. Directive verbs are order. Assertive verbs are state. 53. In this example. the speaker attempts to make the world fit the words (via the hearer). assertives are those kinds of speech acts that state what the speaker believes to be the case or not. In the utterance above. Searle presents a list of what he regards as the basic categories of illocutionary acts. 39 In using an assertive the speaker makes the words fit the world (of belief).17
Because of those weaknesses. claim. According to Yule. suggest. tell. advice. The speaker believes the world as he or she believes it iseven though. describe. the speaker describes that the earth is flat. argue.cit.Directives are those kinds of speech acts that speakers use to get someone else to do something.

the point of a request is trying to get the hearer to do something (and not necessarily to commit or obligate him to do it). For example: [5] Open the door. The speaker uses the word ³promise´ indicating the illocutionary acts of commissive (promising). They express what the speaker intends. the point of a promise is to commit the speaker to doing something (and not necessarily to try to get the hearer himself to do it). In the utterance above. permit. James!´. refusal.3. etc. In using a commissive.Commissives are those kinds of speech acts that speakers use to commit themselves to some future actions. plead. Etc. the speaker undertakes to make the world fit the words (via the speaker). entreat. the speaker commits himself to come on time (future action). beg. defy. dare.
.
D. Commissive verbs are vow. challenge. offer. pray. The speaker uses the word ³open´ indicating the illocutionary acts of directive (commanding). invite. For example: [6] I promise I will come on time. ask. the speaker wants the hearer (James) to do something (to open the door). threat. For example promise ± request. James! In the utterance ³Open the door. promise. pledge.18
recommend.

pardon. The speaker uses the phrase ³thank you´ indicating the illocutionary acts of expressive (Thanking). as Searle says µa very special category of speech acts¶: they are performed. In using a declaration. mock. compliment. dislike. nominate. excommunicate. congratulate. these actions are. sentence. blame. Expressive verbs are thank. the speaker expresses his/her psychological states to the hearer for coming. apologize.4. disapprove. approve. condol e. ministers or religion christening babies. dignitaries naming ships. bless. name. leave-taking.
D. etc.5. confirm. Declaration verbs are resign.19
D. joy. etc.Expressivesare those kinds of speech acts that state what the speaker feels. dismiss. praise. or sorrow. That act brings about some alteration in the status or condition of the referred to object or objects solely in virtue of the fact that declaration has been successfully performed. normally speaking. declare. (Classical examples are judges sentencing. appoint. etc. For example: [7] Sir. greet. like. by someone who is especially authorized to do so within some institutional frameworks. In this. offenders.)
. welcome. Declarations are those kinds of speech acts that change the world via their utterance. the speaker makes the words fit the world (of feeling). In using an expressive. christen. thank you very much for coming. In that utterance. cure. the speaker changes the world via the words. pain. They express psychological states and it can be statements of pleasure. deplore.

although sentencing a person is an unpleasant thing to do. op. they can scarcely be said to involve politeness. Moreover. (1983). For example.. etc. politeness is not relevant to declarations because they do not have an addressee in the sense that applies to personal discourse: the person who makes a declaration uses language as an outward sign that some institutional (social.20
For example: [8] Referee: You¶re out! In the utterance ³You¶re out!´. religious. legal. As institutional rather than personal acts.
. p. The referee declares that the status of the player is out of the match because he has gotten his second yellow cards.cit. op. X= situation S causes X S believes X S feels X S wants X S intends X
40 41
Geoffrey Leech. In this example. p.106. the speaker uses the illocutionary acts of declarations (declaring).40 To make the explanation about Searle¶s categories of illocutionary acts more clear.
Table of The five general functions of speech acts (following Searle 1969)41
Speech Acts type Declarations Representatives Expressives Directives Commissives
Direction of fit Words change the world Make words fit the world Make words fit the world Make the world fit words Make the world fit words
S= speaker. the speaker (referee) brings a new state of being to the player. the judge has complete authority in doing so.) action is performed. and can scarcely be said to sentence someone µimpolitely¶. 55.cit. take a look at the table below. George Yule (1996).

as a matter of convenience an s (µspeaker¶) and h (µhearer¶).2. or person to whom the utterance is addressed by s. for example to include µrelevant¶ aspects of the physical or social setting of an utterance. p. that enable the participants in the communication process to interact and that make the linguistic expression of their interaction
42 43
Geoffrey Leech (1983). Some aspects related with s and h are social and economic background.cit.1.43
E. According to Mey (in Nadar. Ibid. 42 Since pragmatics studies meaning in relation to speech situation. Addressers or Addressees Conversation must have the speaker and the hearer. The Aspects of Speech Situation As we know. Leech refers to addressers and addressees. The Context of an Utterance Context has been understood in various ways. 1993:38) context as the surroundings. intimacy level.
. Leech redefines pragmatics for the purposes of linguistics. gender.6. 13. The use of symbol h. in the widest sense.21
E. Therefore.
E. will always signify one or more addressees. however. Thus the use of the abbreviations s and h does not restrict pragmatics to the spoken language. etc. p. reference to one or more of the following aspects of the speech situation will be a criterion. pragmatics is study of language which is context-bound/ context dependent. op. as the study of meaning in relation to speech situations.

In this respect.
E.4. The term goal is more neutral than intention.
44
F.22
intelligible. The Utterance as a Form of Act or Activity: Speech Act Whereas grammar deals with abstract static entities such as sentences (in syntax) and propositions (in semantics). 3-4. pragmatics deals with verbal acts or performances which takes place in particular situations.
E. or s¶s intention in uttering it.44 Leech considers context to be any background knowledge assumed to be shared by s and h which contributes to h¶s interpretation of what s means by a given utterance. but can be used generally of goal oriented activities. in time.5. The Utterance as a Product of a Verbal Act There is another sense in which the word µutterance¶ can be used in pragmatics: it can refer to the product of a verbal act. pragmatics deals with language at a more concrete level than grammar.3 The Goal (s) of an Utterance Leech often finds it useful to talk of a goal or function of an utterance.X. Nadar. pp.cit. because it does not commit its user to dealing with conscious solution or motivation.
E. op. in preference to talking about its intended meaning.
. rather than to the verbal act itself. (2009).

late 19 th century. and to reserve the term utterance for instances of such entities. [9] Would you please be quiet? Those words are spoken with a polite rising intonation.
. identified by their use in a particular situation. it is convenient to reserve terms like sentence and question from grammatical entities derived from language system. We may wish to isolate as an utterance a piece of language which is either too short or too long to be classified as a single sentence. might be described as a sentence. but strictly speaking. as semantics as dealing with sentence meaning. In this second sense. However. They are trying to prevent and stop serial-killer. Sherlock Holmes (Robert Downey Jr. Lord Henry Blackwood (Mark Strong) to do his crimes. we can correctly describe pragmatics as dealing with utterance meaning.) and his partner Dr. John Watson (Jude Law) in London. it cannot be a sentence. Hence an utterance maybe a sentence-instance. utterances are the elements whose meaning we study in pragmatics. However. there is no need to assume that all utterances are sentence-tokens. or as a request. or sentencetoken.23
For example.
F. Synopsis of Sherlock Holmes¶ Movie The Sherlock Holmes¶ movie is an action-comedy movie telling about a famous consulting detective. or as a question. In fact.

Lestrade and his men come and burst in just in the nick of time to catch Blackwood. up and down stairs and around buildings effortlessly . He analyzes the situation (the audience actually sees in slow-motion how Holmes plans to take the Blackwood¶s follower out). Sherlock Holmes follows them on foot. He then tells Holmes to get up and get decent. there is also a housekeeper. Watson offers him to attend Blackwood which will be hanged by the court. Turns out. The hooded figure stops to greet Sherlock by name. Then. named Mrs. The girl reaches up for a dagger and makes to stab herself.he darts between columns. As he taunts Watson. Holmes starts running down a spiral staircase. Holmes hurries over and stops her just in time. until he reaches the basement.and finally enters a non-descript building. located on 221B Baker Street. He is in a tremendous hurry . John Watson and Inspector Lestrade (Eddie Marsan) riding in a carriage in the middle of the night. Once inside. Watson comes running over. In the center of the room. as Blackwood has requested to see him. and then attacks him. but pauses when he notices a Blackwood¶s follower. Holmes directs Watson to put his energies into tending the girl.24
This movie is open with Dr. Hudson (Geraldine James). Lord Blackwood has large invincibleneedle that will pierce Watson if he has gotten any closer. where a black magic ritual is taking place. In that house. but is stopped by Holmes. there is a girl wearing a white dress and lying on a table. he brings Holmes to the prison. Most of the guards are afraid of
. Holmes and Watson live together in the house. and is revealed to be Lord Blackwood. Holmes continues running down the stairs. After that.

Holmes knows the only way to truly understand the situation is to understand the magic. when Holmes and Watson investigate Luke Reordan's home. Holmes and Watson try to investigate that case by searching some clues. they are arrested by the police because of major damages. Fortunately. Holmes will help him. Blackwood greets Holmes and tells him that he is not done killing just yet. In the British court. Getting the clues is very hard. He is planning on killing three more people. They are his followerswho want to make the facts disappear. There are many people involved. In the other sides. so Holmes tells them that he can find his way out by himself. they can defeat and chase them away. Watson feels for a pulse.25
getting closer to Blackwood. He tries to get inside it by creating pictures on the floor (There is really detailed pentacles and animals drawn all over the floor). nevertheless. Holmes and Watson have to face them. and try to cover and help Blackwood. For instance. he is genuinely curious about the situation. It is not motivated of Sir Thomas¶ resources. asks Holmes to resolve the situation by stopping his son¶s crimes. After that. Blackwood is sentenced and hanged. and then legally declares him dead. there are three people want to burn Reordan¶s. Sir Thomas (Edward Fox) who is Blackwood¶s father and also the head of temple of four. But in fact. but as a result. He also tells Holmes that trying to stop him will be an extremely futile gesture. and there is nothing Holmes can do about it. Blackwood seems alive and gives terror to London. He
.

26
explains to Watson that it allows him to understand Blackwood¶s next move. but. He must defeat Blackwood and his followers to save England from the darkness. 45
IMDb.com/sherlock-holmes-script-transcript. Holmes wants to destroy that device.imdb. it is kept by Blackwood¶s followers. 2011. Synopsis for Sherlock Holmes. The house of Parliament will be the next site. Blackwood forces all the people in the parliament to join with him or perish. Accessed on February 4.
45
. He prepares to kill all the people who rebel against him by using poisonous device. http://www. Holmes together with Watson and Irene go there to stop Blackwood¶s crime.html.

The data are grouped based on the wordsindicated as illocutionary acts.
A. Data Description In this part. the writer compiles. nervous guard leads Holmes down the shadowy corridor. All the cells are emptied to avoid Blackwood¶s magic. Setting: Penton Ville prison ± early morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Blackwood certainly seems to have got the crowd into something of fear frenzy. and decides to meet Blackwood alone. he can get inside their heads. Holmes: I¶m sure it will disperse once his feet have stopped twitching. classifies. They see many demonstrantswho want Blackwood to be hanged. (Film script page 17) Context: In the prison. a pale. As though.1.CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Holmes can see guard¶s fear. The List of Illocutionary Acts of Representatives
No.
Asserting (Sure)
27
. Setting: Penton Ville prison ± early morning The Participants: Holmes and Guard Guard: He (Blackwood) has a peculiar effect on the inmates. The wordsare written italic and bold to make them clear in analyzing. 1. and tabulates the collected data into the following table according to the Searle¶s categories of illocutionary acts. Indications Asserting (Sure) Data Context: Holmes and Watson arrive in the prison.
2.

Blackwood is at right side of the bars. He tells Holmes that Irene wants him to look for a red-haired midget. Furthermore. Luke Reordan. he begins talking about Reordan (midget)
6. I don¶t agree. it is a huge mistake to theorize before one has data. So. They are talking about supernatural explanation for Blackwood¶s case since they have seen something weird in Blackwood¶s grave. (Film script page 32) Context: Holmes watches Irene from a shadowy corner. Blackwood: Your mistake is to imagine that anything that is earthly has led us to this moment. midget. Watson cracks Holmes joke about Irene's taste in men. (Film script page 19) Context: Holmes wants to read the case in the envelope but Watson has already read it. Setting: Blackwood¶s cell ± early morning The Participants: Holmes and Blackwood Holmes: Shortly my friend will pronounce you dead and I thought I might keep him company.
Informing (thought)
Holmes:I¶m sure I can find my own way if you have other duties to perform. In his cell.Day The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: You have to admit.morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: You¶re obviously not her type. Setting: Holmes¶ room . She likes gingered dwarfs. close to Holmes.
Asserting (Agree)
5. you agree? Holmes:No. That supernatural explanation to this case is theoretically possible. But. Then he approaches her somewhat tentatively and reaches for the top button on the back of her dress. Setting: London Street . trying to understand what Blackwood wants from him. Holmes:Agreed. Holmes.
Arguing (Agreed)
(Film script page 25) Context: Holmes and Watson walk through in the middle of the London street.
4.28
3. (Film script page 17) Context:Holmes is in front of Blackwood¶s cell.
Informing (found)
.

morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson
. and that¶s my area of expertise. (Film script page 62)
A. Inches from Watson¶s right eye is the needle-pointed end of a quivering piece of high-tensile wire. Holmes¶ eyes are open and he sees there are Watson and Irene.2. He thinks that Holmes is better to work than just stay at home. Holmes thinks that it is true.night The Participants: Holmes and Watson Holmes: Watson! Don¶t! Observe. . Setting: Unknown building . If you still need him. Irene tells him that he (Holmes) is wanted by the police (while shows newspaper¶s front page).day The Participants: Holmes and Irene Holmes: I found your man. 2. The List of Illocutionary acts of Directives
No. Holmes: Only a name and no picture? Irene: So. 1. Setting: Attic . Holmes: I feel safer already. Requesting (Give) (Film script page 2) Context: Watson sits on a chair and begins leaving through the letters. One more step and Watson gets impaled in the eye. . almost invisible. 7. (Observe) grabbing his collar. Irene: Oh dear.29
which is dead. Indications Data Commanding Context: Watson is stopped suddenly by Holmes¶ hand. it looks like you¶ll be need to work outside the law now. (crawls on his hands and knees over the chair and sit) Setting: Holmes¶ room . Setting: Irene¶s hotel room . He¶s buried in Blackwood¶s tomb. It is held between Blackwood¶s hands. Telling (Feel) (Film script page 48) Context: The sun is rising.morning The Participants: Holmes and Irene Irene: You made the front page.

5.
Asking (Allow)
. She also pulls out a large bag of coins for him to take the case inside the envelope. Holmes: I can¶t but. She (Don¶t touch) crosses Holmes. Irene: Well. Hudson: There¶s enough of that in you already. Watson tries to convince Holmes that Irene is bad girl. (Film script page 23) Context: Holmes is washing his face in a basin.30
Watson: Don¶t you think it¶s time you found another one. and goes to remove an old tray from behind him.morning The Participants: Holmes and Irene Holmes:Keep your money I didn¶t say I¶ll take the case. Hudson Mrs. Setting: Holmes¶ room . Everything is in its proper place. Setting: Holmes¶ room . puts the tray before him. My mind is in a terrible condition. Setting: Holmes¶ room . give me work! (Film script page 6) Insisting Context: Mrs. Holmes:Don¶t touch that.morning The Participants: Holmes and Mrs. Nanny? Mrs. (Film script page 7) Commanding Context: Holmes and Irene move to sit on the chair near (Keep) the table. Hudson: Tea. agree. Mr. Sitting on the chair while leaving the newspaper. consider it a wager that you will. give me a problem.
4. Then he jumps again to the next roof of
3. Hudson carries a tray of bread and tea. 6 Entreating (Help) (Film script page 24) Context: Holmes flies from the window and lands neatly on a tin roof. . Holmes? Holmes: Is it poisoned. She pulls out an envelope and hands it to him. .morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Look at you! Why is the only woman you¶re ever cared about a world class criminal? Are you a masochist? Holmes:Allow me to explain.

Watson: Do you have my cut? Holmes:Admit it. He is a much smaller man than him. Holmes convinces Watson if it is right.Day The Participants: Holmes and Watson Holmes: You are terrified of a life without the thrill of a macabre.31
garbage bin but he lands badly.
Insisting (Admit)
. and Holmes gets Reordan¶s address. She predicts Watson will marry Mary but in the other sides. Requesting (Borrow) (Film script page 26) Context: The Blackwood¶s coffin is filled by dead body but he is not Blackwood. Therefore. Setting: London east end ± day The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: I have to go see Mary. he becomes dirty. Watson cannot accompany Holmes to find clues in the Reordan¶s since he has to meet Mary. Holmes begins examining the body. admit it! 9.
8. Based on that prediction. They have already gone from the pawnshop.morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Holmes! Where are you going? Holmes: Watson! Help! Watson! 7. Ordering (Give) (Film script page 35) Context: Holmes and Watson move down the street.morning The Participants: Holmes and Lestrade Holmes: May I borrow your pen? Lestrade: (giving the pen to Holmes) (Film script page 31) Context: Holmes and Watson meet a palm reader in the pawnbrokers. Setting: Grave yard . Watson gets an engagement ring for Mary. then he borrows Lestrade¶s pen to do it. Setting: Pawnbrokers . he can¶t live without the thrill of a macabre. From that place. Setting: Behind Holmes¶ house .

Setting: Queenshithe slaughterhouse. You¶re good at that. Watson tries to help Irene by holding her weight on his shoulder.day The Participants: Holmes and Irene Irene: I have never been in over my head. (Suddenly comes. Holmes:Let¶s see what he was trying to dispose of. Holmes:Leave now. . Watson! Blackwood: A gift for you. They move further inside where a hallway in a basic bedroom is. Setting: Queenshithe slaughterhouse. Holmes helps her by stepping Watson¶s leg to unlocked the chain. moves through a door. She is wearing an array-Victorian undergarment while Holmes opens a wine bottle and pours it into glasses. assembly line ± night. Setting: Reordan¶s room . and then disappear) Holmes: Bang. (Film script page 36) Context: Irene walks behind a dressing screen.
Watson: What was that about saving bullets? (Film script page 57) Commanding Context: Irene¶s hands are hanged and locked the chain (Give) by Blackwood. They are looking for him and ready to shoot him. antechamber .
Inviting (let)
Holmes:Give her my best and the family as well. (Film script page 48) Context: Holmes and Watson are aware about Blackwood¶s existence by hearing his sounds. Therefore she cannot hang for more time.
Advising (Leave)
12. Holmes inspects it.night The Participants: Holmes and Watson Holmes:Save the bullets.(gun¶s sound)
11. disappear.
. Setting: Irene¶s hotel room .
Advising (Save)
13. (Film script page 36) Context: Holmes and Watson enter the Reordan¶s house.Day The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: It looks like he was attempting to combine some kind of sorcery and scientific formula. bang.32
10. and finds some clues.

take us onto the bridge port side. Then he asks Irene to help him by shooting the enemy. Holmes folds up his piece of paper.day The Participants: Holmes and Irene
14. They have to fight Blackwood¶s first. he asks them to go out through a hatch in the floor. Holmes orders Captain tanner to bring them to the tunnel of the parliament. Watson. Holmes:Give us a leg up. Setting: Attic . (Film script page 58) Context: Holmes. that leads us to the sewers. old boy. That weapon is a mean weapon that will kill all the people in the parliament.morning The Participants: Holmes. Setting: Sewers . he cannot handle it. and Irene are in the sewers. kept by Blackwood¶s followers. Tanner: Right away. Watson and Irene have been waiting for him on that river. These German locks always give me trouble. boots echoing.
. Watson. 16. Holmes and Watson try to stop that weapon but it is not easy. Proximately 100 yards beyond that you¶ll find a tunnel. and Irene Holmes:Follow these instructions! Watson & Irene: (Go out through a hatch in the floor) (Film script page 65) Commanding Context: Holmes successfully escapes from Lord Coward (Take) who tries to kill him. he plans to stop Blackwood¶s crime in the parliament. and Irene hear doors slamming outside. They are really sure that police officers areflooding the pub. (Shoot) They see a chemical weapon.day The Participants: Holmes and Tanner Holmes: If you would captain.33
The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Let me take your weight. He jumps into the river through the window in the middle of high building. Setting: Tanner¶s boat . When Holmes fight. sir. After Holmes is safe. (Film script page 69) Commanding Context: Holmes. Then. then save him. Watson. hands it to Watson.
Ordering (Follow)
15. Blackwood wants to kill all the people who do not want to join with him.

Then. Setting: Temple of four orders headquarters . (Film script page 78)
A. exactly in Sir Thomas¶ place. He asks Watson to help him down before continuing his explanations. Entreating (Please) (Film script page 78) Context: Watson and Mary come to Holmes¶ house. I think my legs have fallen . 18.3. Irene cannot run anymore because she gets the bridge is not complete yet. Please. . Sir Thomas needs Holmes¶ help to find his son (Blackwood) and stop him before he becomes more dangerous. Lord Coward offers something to Holmes. my tongue is going and I¶ll be of no use to you at all.morning The Participants: Holmes and Lord Coward
. Indications 1. He explains it to Watson and Mary while hanging. Watson. Promising (Will) Data Context: Holmes is in a grand office. He looks dead. he is still alive. . Watson opens the door and reveals a horrific scene: Holmes is hanging from a rope. She cannot pass it. Setting: Holmes¶ house The Participants: Holmes. Setting: Tower bridge . (Film script page 70) Commanding Context: Holmes chases Irene from the sewers to the (Run off) tower bridge. and Mary Holmes: Oh dear. The List of Illocutionary Acts of Commissives
No. Holmes tumbles to the ground). .34
Holmes:Shoot him! Now please! Irene: (Shooting the enemy) 17. He is just trying to deduce the manner in which Blackwood can survive from the execution. I can¶t feel my cheeks . Watson. In fact. . Irene: I don¶t want to run any more. Oh my lord.day The Participants: Holmes and Irene Holmes:Run off! I won¶t be chasing you anymore. Fare thee well. Watson: (He finally uses his sword stick and slices Holmes down.

And certainly not for a price. (Film script page 56) Context: Watson is hit by explosion at Queenshithe. Captain Tanner.night The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Holmes. Setting: On the boat .
Refusal (Must)
4. Irene cannot run anymore because she gets the bridge is not complete yet. of great benefit to being a consulting detective is that I can pick and choose my clients. he is burned.day The Participants: Holmes and Irene Holmes: Run off! I won¶t be chasing you anymore. (Film script page 72)
2. His eyes still closed. She cannot pass it. I must attend to my other patients.
Promising (Won¶t)
. Irene: I don¶t want to run anymore.35
Lord Coward: Name your price. Holmes: Well. In the hospital.night The Participants: Holmes and Mary Mary: Excuse me. cut. Fare thee well. Watson is busy with a bucket clearing the boat of a very serious leak. The doctor (Holmes) takes care him until the surgeon comes. I¶ll tell you everything. are you sure that there is no alternative means of water transportation than that? Holmes: I guarantee you nobody knows London¶s waterways better. slaughterhouse. Setting: Hospital room . Consider it done. Is that the best you can do? Holmes: Yes for now. and scraped.
Promising (Guarantee)
3. Setting: Tower bridge . (Film script page 60) Context: Holmes chases Irene from the sewers to the tower bridge. bruised. I will stop him. (Film script page 47) Context: Holmes is on the deck along with a much older man who uses a sailor¶s hat. But not for you.

Praising (Excellent)
. McMurdo: Get up and fight! Come on! Come on! : That¶s it. big man. You won. playing scale on his violin. (Film script page 6) Congratulating Context: Holmes is in bare boxing-fight at night. there is an upside down ³beer stein´. Suddenly a heavy hand falls on his shoulder to pull him back. The beer stein is full of flies all buzzing about. We¶re done. Indications 1. (Film script page 13) Context: Holmes is in the corner of his room. On the table next to him.36
A.. Watson comes on the perfect time to save him. Holmes has no case to be solved. Holmes shows Watson about his musical theory by using his violin to influence the flies. Watson saves Holmes from Blackwood¶s follower who tries to kill him. Thanking (Nice) Data Context: Holmes surveys the scene at a distance. he sees a beautiful woman (Irene) who makes him not focus and leaves the match.4. Congratulations. Watson comes to Holmes¶s room. Setting: Cathedral crypts . out of sight. McMurdo. and hands him the newspaper. The List of Illocutionary Acts of Expressives
No.night The Participants: Holmes and McMurdo.morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson. (Film script page 1) Context: Since three months. Holmes: (shaking hands) Always nice to see you Watson. Setting: Bare boxing fight . He (Congratulations) fights his opponent. Watson: Paper? Holmes: Thank You. 3.night The Participants: Holmes and Watson. In the middle of the match. Fortunately. talks to him. Setting: Holmes¶ room .
Thanking (Thank you)
4.. Where is the inspector? Watson: He¶s getting his troops lined up. Setting: Holmes¶ room ± early morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Holmes
2.

Setting: London street . Individually. strolls.
5. (Film script page 18) Context: Holmes observes Reordan¶s watch and finds some stretches on it. Holmes: Very good. hence the scratches.
Praising (Very good)
7. Watson is actually interested and curious about that.
Praising (Well done)
. (Film script page 15) Context: Holmes approaches Blackwood¶s cell. Well done. listens and gets closer to him. Watson. Holmes: Queen side slaughterhouse.morning The Participants: Holmes and Blackwood Holmes: I love what you¶ve done with the place. his hand slipped. Nine Elms. Scratches around the keyhole where the watch is wound. You have developed considerable deductive powers of your own. A factory by the river. (Film script page 33) Context: Holmes brings Blackwood¶s victim (dead body) to the room.day The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Probably be a factory by the river. He tries to identify where the man comes from.Day The Participants: Holmes and Watson Holmes: Our midget (Reordan) is the key to this. Blackwood: So glad you can accept my invitation.37
Watson: How did you lure them in? Holmes: Excellent question. What does that tell you? Watson: The man was likely a drunk. Right. Watson. Setting: Holmes¶ house . Every time he wound the watch. I¶ve been at it for six hours. Setting: Prison . in his house.
Praising (Love)
6. He sees very many pictures on Blackwood¶s cell wall. He asks about Watson¶s opinion about Reordan (midget) by looking the watch. but he won¶t to be involved with the problem anymore.

Holmes predicts who the murderer is. He looks like very interested with the new case so. Holmes: Well. Setting: Holmes¶ house .morning The Participants: Holmes and Clarky Holmes:Clarky? Clarky: (Look at Holmes) Holmes:Case reopened! (Film script page 81)
. Indications Appointing (Reopened) Data Context: Clarky asks Holmes to come with him since there is a dead sergeant which is founded by sewage workers in the Parliaments¶ tunnel. (Film script page 55) Context: Watson looks almost recovery from his pain.5. He knows that the doctor who takes care of him last night is actually his partner. The List of Illocutionary Acts of Declarations
No. Setting: Holmes¶ attic . he decides to take it. I¶m just so very glad that you¶re um . (Film script page 62)
A. with us. 1. Holmes. .38
8.
Welcoming (Very glad)
That should lead us right to Blackwood. I took the shrapnel out myself. well. Watson: Yes. Mary said I had a lousy doctor.morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Holmes: You seem to be making a rapid recovery.

39
B. He uses the word ³sure´ to convey his belief that some
. In that utterance. Holmes says to Watson. Watson thinks that demonstrants seem to have got the crowd into something of fear Frenzy. the writer analyzes data descriptions according to the Searle¶s categories of illocutionary acts. (Film script page 17) Holmes and Watson go to the Penton Ville prison to see Blackwood. Assertive commits the speaker to something¶s being the case. They see many demonstrantswho want Blackwood to be hanged. The reason why they do that is Blackwood wants to see Holmes for the last time (Holmes is Blackwood¶s the last request) before hanged by the court. Setting: Penton Ville prison ± early morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Blackwood certainly seems to have got the crowd into something of fear frenzy. to the truth of the expressed proposition. they see very many demonstrantswho entreat Blackwood to be hanged. Holmes: I¶m sure it will disperse once his feet have stopped twitching.
Representatives/Assertives Data 1 Context: Holmes and Watson arrive in the prison. Data Analysis
In this part. ³I¶m sure it will disperse once his feet have stopped twitching´. When arriving. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of assertive (asserting).

´ Blackwood has a peculiar effect on the inmates.40
prepositions are true. Setting: Penton Ville prison ± early morning The Participants: Holmes and Guard Guard : He (Blackwood) has a peculiar effect on the inmates. (Film script page 17) For seeing Blackwood. the guard looks like pale and nervous. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of assertive (Asserting). As though. Then he asks the guard why he looks like that. he can get inside their heads. Holmes:I¶m sure I can find my own way if you have other duties to perform. The guard says. Based on that utterance. he is better to die than live. Assertive commits the speaker to something¶s being the case. It makes Holmes confuse. he can get inside their heads´ . because of that. Holmes decides to go by himself by saying. ³I¶m sure I can find my own way if you have other duties to perform´. Holmes is led by prison guard.
Data 2 Context: In the prison. Watson cannot accompany him because he has other business. to the
. Considering that reason. Holmes can see guard¶s fear and decides to meet Blackwood alone. Blackwood has given terror to London with his black magic. All the cells are emptied to avoid Blackwood¶s magic. he believes the demonstrants will disperse soon until Blackwood die. In this context. a pale. On the way to the Blackwood¶s cell. As though. nervous guard leads Holmes down the shadowy corridor.

He is not afraid with Blackwood and especially for his magic. He asserts the guard to not accompany him anymore. Setting: Blackwood¶s cell ± early morning The Participants: Holmes and Blackwood Holmes : Shortly my friend will pronounce you dead and I thought I might keep him company. Without courtesy. ³Shortly my friend will pronounce you dead and I thought I might keep him company´.He says to Blackwood. trying to understand what Blackwood wants from him. In his cell. According to that utterance. He uses the word ³thought´ to inform Blackwood that he will accompany his partner to ensure Blackwood¶s death. close to Holmes. He is sure that he can face Blackwood without any help. His
. to the truth of the expressed proposition.
Data 3 Context: Holmes is in front of Blackwood¶s cell. (Film script page 19) Holmes is in front of Blackwood¶s cell. He uses the word ³sure´ to convey his belief that some prepositions are true. He believes that he can find Blackwood¶s cell by himself. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of assertive (informing). Blackwood : Your mistake is to imagine that anything that is earthly has led us to this moment. Blackwood is at right side of the bars. Assertive commits the speaker to something¶s being the case. trying to understand what Blackwood wants from him.41
truth of the expressed proposition.

Holmes uses illocutionary acts of assertive (asserting). He uses the phrase ³Don¶t agree´ to
. When Holmes wants to open it. Watson cracks Holmes joke about Irene's taste in men by saying. you agree? ´ Holmes answers Watson. Blackwood is better to die as soon as possible than makes major disorders in the future. He tells Holmes that Irene wants him to look for a red-haired midget.42
partner. Luke Reordan.morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: You¶re obviously not her type. Watson is a doctor that will pronounce Blackwood dead or not after hanged. In the utterance ³No. Midget. He tells Holmes that Irene wants him to look for a red-haired midget. Assertive commits the speaker to something¶s being the case. She likes gingered dwarfs. you agree? Holmes:No. I don¶t agree. Because of that. ³No. So. I don¶t agree´. Watson who sits on the chair near Holmes says that he has already red it. She likes gingered dwarfs. to the truth of the expressed proposition. Holmes decides to back home. midget. Luke Reordan. I don¶t agree´. (Film script page 25) After shadowing Irene.
Data 4 Context: Holmes wants to read the case in the envelope but Watson has already read it. So. ³You¶re obviously not her type. He wants to read the case inside the envelope from Irene. Setting: Holmes¶ room . Watson cracks Holmes joke about Irene's taste in men.

He believes that Irene looks that man not caused by she likes him but there is other complicated reason. it is obvious that Holmes uses illocutionary acts of assertive (arguing). They are very curious about that weird thing. Watson thinks that there are some illogical things beyond this case. But. Holmes says to him. According to those utterances. Holmes:Agreed. it is a huge mistake to theorize before one has data´. to the truth of the expressed proposition. Setting: London Street . Holmes deduces that somebody asks her to visit and giveshim the case to be solved immediately. But. ³Agreed. At this time. That supernatural explanation to this case is theoretically possible. He asserts his disagreement about Watson¶s opinion. Assertive commits the speaker to something¶s being the case.Day The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: You have to admit. it is a huge mistake to theorize before one has data.
Data 5 Context: Holmes and Watson walk through in the middle of the London Street.43
convey his belief that Irene does not like that man. He uses the word ³agreed´ to argue Watson¶s opinion about supernatural is the reason to this case. Watson believes that supernatural explanation is theoretically possible but Holmes does not. Holmes. He does not
. They are talking about supernatural explanation for Blackwood¶s case since they have seen something weird in Blackwood¶s grave. (Film script page 32) Holmes and Watson are arguing about Blackwood rising from the grave.

Setting: Irene¶s hotel room . . If you still need him. Holmes tries to move on the situation by informing her about the man she looks for. He says. he just can assume. Without it. He¶s buried in Blackwood¶s tomb. not make conclusion to solve the case. Furthermore. He¶s buried in Blackwood¶s tomb. (Film script page 48) Holmes is in Irene¶s hotel room. Then he approaches her somewhat tentatively and reaches for the top button on the back of her dress. he begins talking about Reordan (midget) which is dead. He believes that it will be a huge mistake for his partner to theorize before he gets the complete data. After doing that. He sees Irene is dressing behind the dress screen. The data is very important for him to find the truth. Assertive commits the speaker to something¶s being the case. Irene : Oh dear. Irene knows about Holmes¶s situation and tries to attempt him by asking him to set the top button on the back of her dress. ³I found your man.44
blame his partner¶s opinion but he stresses him about the data. He is afraid to get closer to Irene because he cannot defend himself from Irene¶s temptation.
Data 6 Context: Holmes watches Irene from a shadowy corner. to the truth of the
. .day The Participants: Holmes and Irene Holmes:I found your man. if you still need him´. Holmes¶s utterances contain illocutionary acts of assertive (informing).

³I feel safer already´.45
expressed proposition. However. he sleeps in the attic. Reordan is dead and found buried in Blackwood¶s tomb. Because of that. He uses the word ³found´ to inform Irene that he finds Reordan (midget). tonight. he sees Watson and Irene near him. And she will help him if he wants to do that. Irene tells him that he (Holmes) is wanted by the police (while shows newspaper¶s front page). She shows newspaper where Holmes¶s name is on the front page. to the truth of the expressed proposition. and that¶s my area of expertise. it looks like you¶ll be need to work outside the law now. In the utterance ³I feel safer already´.morning The Participants: Holmes and Irene Irene : You made the front page. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of assertive (telling). Setting: Attic . Holmes: I feel safer already. she suggests him to work outside the law. and he seesthat there are Watson and Irene. Holmes¶ eyes are open. Assertive commits the speaker to something¶s being the case. (Film script page 62) When Holmes wakes up. He uses the word ³feel´ to convey his
. Apparently. Holmes:Only a name and no picture? Irene : So. Without courtesy. Irene tells him that police looks for him.
Data 7 Context: The sun is rising. Holmes rejects Irene¶s help by saying.

Inches from Watson¶s right eye is the needle-pointed end of a quivering piece of high-tensile wire. In this context. Holmes knows if Blackwood has prepared unseen poisonous-needle to kill. almost invisible.night The Participants: Holmes and Watson Holmes:Watson! Don¶t! Observe. they have to defeat his followers first. It is held between Blackwood¶s hands. Before stopping him. Setting: Unknown building . This utterance also means as a warning for Watson to be more careful and not emotional when getting angry. ´Watson! Don¶t! Observe´. Holmes holds him and says. Holmes saves the woman. Holmes stops him. and he wants nobody worry about him. Blackwood tries to defend by provoking Watson to attack him. After all followers defeated. But suddenly. One more step and Watson gets impaled in the eye.
Directives Data 1 Context: Watson is stopped suddenly by Holmes¶ hand.
. especially for Watson and Irene. That utterance is spoken by Holmes to his partner to not attack Blackwood who provokes him to do anarchic. Watson becomes mad and then attacks him.46
belief that he is safe. grabbing his collar. Watson: How did you see that? (Film script page 2) Holmes and Watson try to stop Blackwood¶s crime toward a woman.

Holmes very agrees with Watson¶s opinion. Holmes :I can¶t but. Holmes says. He thinks that Holmes is better to work than just stay at home. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. give me a problem.´Watson! Don¶t! Observe´ Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (commanding).47
In the utterance. Give me a problem.
Data 2 Context: Watson sits on a chair and begins leaving through the letters. (Crawls on his hands and knees over the chair and sit) Setting: Holmes¶ room . Holmes thinks that it is true. My mind is in a terrible condition. ³I can¶t but agree. Holmes does not get a new case to be solved. and asks to give him a case. give me work!´.morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Don¶t you think it¶s time you found another one. My mind is in a terrible condition. agree. He also uses the word ³Observe´ to command Watson to watch something carefully (unseen poisonous-needle) and especially learn more about it. Holmes wants Watson to
. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (requesting). Holmes uses the word ³Don¶t´ to stop his partner when he wants to hit Blackwood. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. In that utterance. Watson thinks that it is not good for him in this situation constantly. exactly since Blackwood¶s case. give me work! (Film script page 6) Since three months.

Then Mrs. He uses the word ³give´ in ³Give me a problem.morning The Participants: Holmes and Mrs. Mr. Holmes says to Mrs.48
give him work.
Data 3 Context: Mrs. Holmes :Don¶t touch that. Nanny´. Suddenly. In that utterance. Hudson. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. Setting: Holmes¶ room . He uses
. Everything is in its proper place. ´Don¶t touch that. Hudson Mrs. brings a tray of bread and tea. Nanny?
Mrs. Holmes is a consulting detective who has great capability to solve the problem. He will be enthusiast if he gets the case but if not. (Film script page 7) Holmes and Watson aretalking about some cases in the newspaper in Holmes¶s room. Hudson : Tea. After that.and puts it onto the table. Hudson carries a tray of bread and tea. give me work´to entreat his partner. she removes an old tray before he goes. She crosses Holmes. Everything is in its proper place. puts the tray before him. Hudson comes into the room. Based on the characteristic. Holmes? Holmes : Is it poisoned. and goes to remove an old tray from behind him. That word indicates that Holmes wants Watson to provide him a case or problem. as per usual. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (Insisting). he will be very worried and just stay at home without doing something useful. Hudson : There¶s enough of that in you already.

Data 4 Context: Holmes and Irene move to sit on the chair near the table. consider it a wager that you will. He wants her to keep it. Without courtesy. She pulls out an envelope and hands it to him. carrying a case. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. he wills not everything in his room is lost or removed. ³Keep your money. She expects Holmes will take and solve the case. Irene : Well.49
phrase ³Don¶t touch´ which indicate that he wants Mrs. Hudson to not touch everything in his room.Holmes tells Irene that he does not want that money.
. (Film script page 23) Irene comes to Holmes. Holmes¶ room looks like careless and messy. she gives a large bag of coins for him. Immediately. he rejects it and says. She also pulls out a large bag of coins for him to take the case inside the envelope. For that reason.morning The Participants: Holmes and Irene Holmes:Keep your money I didn¶t say I¶ll take the case. I didn¶t say I¶ll take the case´. Apparently. He will take the case if it can make him curious. Setting: Holmes¶ room . He uses the word ³keep´ which indicates that Holmes wants Irene to save her money since he does not make decision yet about the case. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (commanding). According to that utterance.

Holmes wants Watson to let him explaining his opinion because he cannot accept negative opinion about Irene. (Film script page 24) Holmes is washing his dirty face.50
Data 5 Context: Holmes is washing his face in a basin. caused by shadowing Irene after she gets out from his house. Setting: Holmes¶ room . .
. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (asking). He uses the word ³allow´ which indicates to let somebody or something to do something. He asks Watson to give him a chance to explain the truth. Watson tries to convince Holmes that Irene is bad girl. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. Sitting on the chair while leaving the newspaper.morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Look at you! Why is the only woman you¶re ever cared about a world class criminal? Are you a masochist? Holmes:Allow me to explain. In this story. Holmes is interested to Irene whom Watson thinks she is a world-class criminal. Watson who is near to Holmes tries to convince him that Irene is a bad thing and must be forgotten. Holmes tries to push aside Watson¶s opinion by saying. . In that utterance. ³Allow me to explain´.

It is very clear that Holmes entreats Watson¶s help to get him out from garbage bin. He uses the word ³help´ which indicates that he needs Watson¶s help to get out from the garbage bin. In that situation.morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Holmes! Where are you going? Holmes:(jump onto the roof) Watson! Help! Watson! (Film script page 26) After Irene gets out from Holmes¶ house. Through that utterance. He just wants to know who send her and give the case to him. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something.
. Watson decides to not help him by closing that window. But for the second jumps. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (entreating). He jumps from the window and lands neatly on a tin roof. he becomes dirty. He goes being incognito using a false nose and Watson¶s coat. Setting: Behind Holmes¶ house . he falls into garbage bin. Nevertheless. Watson does not want to help him because he thinks that Holmes can do that by himself. he screams. Therefore.51
Data 6 Context: Holmes flies from the window and lands neatly on a tin roof. Holmes plans to shadow Irene. Then he jumps again to the next roof of garbage bin but he lands badly. ³Watson. help! Watson!´.

Holmes speaks indirectly (Question sentence) to borrow the pen from Lestrade. Therefore. He must be polite with him in order to get what he wants. The coffin is filled by dead body but he is not Blackwood.He uses the word ³borrow´ to take and use Lestrade¶s pen to investigate the death body.
. This case becomes something interesting for him. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (requesting). Holmes is carried by Lestrade to the graveyard. ´May I borrow your pen?´. In Blackwood¶s grave.morning The Participants: Holmes and Lestrade Holmes : May I borrow your pen? Lestrade: (giving the pen to Holmes) (Film script page 31) Holmes is informed by Lestrade if Blackwood revives from his grave. Setting: Grave yard . Lestrade shows the coffin. Holmes is asked to investigate that case. He is a much smaller man than him. Holmes begins examining the body. In this story. He says to Lestrade. Indirect utterance is used because he knows that he speaks with Lestrade (Head police officer). Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. then he borrows Lestrade¶s pen to do it. In that utterance. Holmes begins examining the body. but Reordan. Blackwood is pronounced death after hanged by Watson.52
Data 7 Context: The Blackwood¶s coffin is filled by dead body but he is not Blackwood.

he can¶t live without the thrill of a macabre. Holmes agrees with what palm reader says. Based on that prediction. The palm reader says that he will marry Mary.Day The Participants: Holmes and Watson Holmes:You are terrified of a life without the thrill of a macabre. He tries to convince him by saying. There. admit it! (Film script page 35) Holmes and Watson are in Pawnbrokers to find Reordan¶s address. Reordan is a man who is dead in Blackwood¶s coffin. ³Admit it! Admit it!´. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. they meet a palm reader who tries to predict Watson¶s future. Setting: Pawnbrokers . He wants him to believe what Palm Reader says.53
Data 8 Context:Holmes and Watson meet a palm reader in the pawnbrokers. She also says that he cannot live without the thrill of macabre.
Data 9
. Based on that utterance. She predicts Watson will marry with Mary but in the other sides. Holmes convinces Watson if it is right. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (insisting). He uses the word ³admit´ to insist his partner confessing the truth. Watson: Do you have my cut? Holmes:Admit it. ³You are terrified of a life without the thrill of a macabre´ is true.

Holmes:Give her my best and the family as well. moves through a door. Setting: London east end ± day The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: I have to go see Mary. ´Give her my best. Setting: Reordan¶s room . He just entrusts his greeting for Mary by saying. and the family as well´. (Film script page 36) After getting Reordan¶s address.54
Context: Holmes and Watson move down the street. From that place. Watson cannot accompany Holmes to find clues in the Reordan¶s since he has to meet Mary. He uses the word ³give´ to order him to give his greetings for Mary and her family since he cannot meet her. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (ordering). Watson gets an engagement ring for Mary. Holmes inspects it. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. They have already gone from the pawnshop. and Holmes gets Reordan¶s address.Day The Participants: Holmes and Watson
. Watson apparently cannot accompany him as he has to meet Mary. In the other sides. Holmes plans to find clues together with Watson. In that utterance. They move further inside where a hallway in a basic bedroom is. and finds some clues. Holmes cannot force his will to Watson.
Data 10 Context: Holmes and Watson enter the Reordan¶s house.

day The Participants: Holmes and Irene Irene : I have never been in over my head. Holmes:Let¶s see what he was trying to dispose of. Holmes walks to the corner and picks some burnt-paper. Those papers may be important for them as clues to solve the case. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (inviting). (Film script page 36) In the previous scene. She is wearing an array-Victorian undergarment while Holmes opens a wine bottle and pours it into glasses. Watson is worried about Holmes and decides to help him. Watson intends to see Mary and lets Holmes find the clues by himself. Together. some experiments. In that utterance.
. He says to Watson. Setting: Irene¶s hotel room . Watson becomes curious about Reordan¶s experiments. They find very many chemical materials. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. ³Let¶s see what he was trying to dispose of´. Apparently. Holmes and Watson investigate Reordan¶s house.
Data 11 Context: Irene walks behind a dressing screen. He uses the word ³Let´ to introduce his partner what Reordan tries to dispose. and something strange in the corner. Holmes is curious with burnt papers in the corner of the room. Watson says to Holmes. ´It looks like he was attempting to combine some kind of sorcery formula´.55
Watson: It looks like he was attempting to combine some kind of sorcery and scientific formula.

bang. Irene walks behind dressing screen. Irene is aware of Holmes¶s existence and lets him enter the room. They are looking for him and ready to shoot him. He advises her to leave the problem since according to him. He uses the words ³leave and disappear´ which indicate that he wants Irene to go away from the case and hide.(gun¶s sound) : What was that about saving bullets?
. He tries to find out what she doing is. After entering the room. antechamber . ³Leave now.night The Participants: Holmes and Watson Holmes Blackwood Holmes Watson :Save the bullets. Irene is too far involved. you¶re good at that´. Setting: Queenshithe slaughterhouse.56
Holmes:Leave now. He does not want something bad happen to her. and then disappear) : Bang. Watson! : A gift for you.
Data 12 Context: Holmes and Watson are aware about Blackwood¶s existence by hearing his sounds. disappear. She is wearing an array Victorian undergarment. he immediately takes a wine bottle. (Film script page 48) Holmes is in front of Irene¶s room. (Suddenly comes. because he loves her (Holmes has feeling with Irene but he hides it away from her). opens it. disappear. . Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. In the other sides. Holmes says to Irene. In that utterance. and pours into glasses. You¶re good at that. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (advising).

There. Watson tries to help Irene by holding her weight on his shoulder. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (ordering). Blackwood appears and disappears in the darkness. they try to find and stop him. The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Let me take your weight. (Film script page 58)
Holmes and Watson are still in slaughter house. Data 13 Context: Irene¶s hands are hanged and locked the chain by Blackwood. Knowing there is Blackwood in there.57
(Film script page 57) Holmes and Watson are in Queensithe. Holmes:Give us a leg up. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. They try
. Holmes and Watson try to shoot him. Therefore she cannot hang for more time. These German locks always give me trouble. Watson!´. Holmes helps her by stepping Watson¶s leg to unlock the chain. According to that utterance. Then Watson comments to his partner that the utterance ³save the bullet´ suits for Holmes himself. exactly in Slaughter house. Holmes cannot control himself by shooting blindly so that his bullets are gone but Blackwood still can escape. They are surprised seeing a woman hanged to the chains.Suddenly. ³Save the bullet. He uses the word ³save´ to order his close friend to avoid wasting his bullets. old boy. they try to find some clues about Blackwood or Blackwood himself. Setting: Queenshithe slaughterhouse ± night. They are also aware that woman is Irene. Holmes says to Watson.

some polices come to Holmes¶s house and want to catch him. Holmes
.morning The Participants: Holmes. Holmes folds up his piece of paper. Watson. He uses the word ³give´ to his partner who takes Irene¶s weight andalso his weight. and Irene are gathering in Holmes¶s attic. boots echoing. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. Minutes later. Holmes tells Watson and Irene about the Blackwood¶s crime final location. Watson. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (commanding). They are really sure that police officers are flooding the pub. He does that to release the chain on Irene¶s hands immediately or she will die. Before those police approach the attic. he asks them to go out through a hatch in the floor. He successfully finds Blackwood¶s crime path.58
to help her but it is very difficult. Then. and Irene Holmes Watson & Irene :Follow these instructions! : (Go out through a hatch in the floor) (Film script page 65) Holmes. so he has to do it quickly and carefully. Watson. hands it to Watson. ³Give us a leg up. Setting: Attic . This trap is showed to hurt Holmes.
Data 14 Context: Holmes. old boy. According to those utterances. That is such a game that will trap and hurt Holmes. These German locks always give me a trouble´. and Irene hear doors slamming outside. Holmes says to Watson.

Watson and Irene has been waiting for him on that river. After Holmes is safe. and they must follow it. there are some instructions that will lead them to some place. then save him. He uses the word ³follow´ to order Watson and Irene to accept the paper as their guide. that leads us to the sewers. Tanner: Right away.59
hands the paper to Watson and says. Holmes orders Captain tanner to bring them to the tunnel of the parliament. he plans to stop Blackwood¶s crime in the parliament. In that utterance. Setting: Tanner¶s boat . Watson and Irene did what Holmes says to leave him through a hatch in the floor. Blackwood wants to kill all the people who does not want to join with him. He jumps into the river through the window in the middle of high building. The Lord Coward who has power to control police. take us onto the bridge port side. Data 15 Context: Holmes successfully escapes from Lord Coward who tries to kill him. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (ordering).day The Participants: Holmes and Tanner Holmes:If you would captain. ³Follow these instruction!´. In that piece of paper.(Film script page 69) Holmes is brought to Lord Coward¶s house after the police catch him.
. Because of the situation are dangerous. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. orders them to arrest Holmes. Proximately 100 yards beyond that you¶ll find a tunnel. sir.

Holmes¶ utterances contain illocutionary acts of directive (commanding). and Irene are in the sewers. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. Proximately 100 yards beyond that you¶ll find a tunnel. Setting: Sewers . When Holmes fight. After Holmes is safe. That weapon is a mean weapon that will kill all the people in the parliament. He uses the word ³take´ to command CaptainTanner to carry him to the parliament¶s tunnel. kept by Blackwood¶s followers. He thinks Holmes is the biggest threat for him and Blackwood.
Data 16 Context: Holmes. Watson. Watson and Irene await him. Holmes says to Captain Tanner as a captain in the boat and the only man who knows about the river and all the things around it.60
Coward tries to kill Holmes. Holmes and Watson try to stop that weapon but it is not easy. What a clever! Holmes can escape from him by jumping into the river from the window in the middle of high building (Lord Coward¶s house). he plans to stop Blackwood¶s crime in the parliament. that leads us to the sewers´.day The Participants: Holmes and Irene Holmes:Shoot him! Now please! Irene : (Shooting the enemy) (Film script page 70)
. then he asks Irene to help him by shooting the enemy. He also gives the detail of the place so that the captain will not confuse. They see a chemical weapon. ³If you would a captain. On the boat. They have to fight Blackwood¶s first. take us onto the bridge port side. he cannot handle it.

Fare thee well. Holmes prediction about final location of Blackwood¶s crime is right. It is very clear that Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (commanding). Irene : I don¶t want to run any more.61
Holmes. She cannot pass it. she has the gun. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. However. and Irene have arrived in the sewers. When Holmes fights with one of Blackwood¶s. He asks Irene not Watson since he knows Irene fights with none and of course.
Data 17 Context: Holmes chases Irene from the sewers to the tower bridge. That weapon is a dangerous chemical machine that will kill all the people in the parliament. they have to fight Blackwood¶s first. he gets difficult to handle it. Setting: Tower Bridge . ³Shoot him! Now please!´ Holmes uses the word ³Shoot´ to instruct Irene to shoot the enemy quickly because he cannot handle the enemy anymore. Holmes and Watson have to stop it.day The Participants: Holmes and Irene Holmes:Run off! I won¶t be chasing you anymore. Those are very many Blackwood¶s followers who stay awake keeping something like a dangerous weapon. Watson. He screams to Irene. In these utterances. Fortunately. Irene cannot run anymore because she gets the bridge is not complete yet. He also uses the word ³Please´ to entreat Irene to shoot his enemy quickly because he does not have much time to stop the weapon and clean up the enemy. ³Shoot him! Now please!´. (Film script page 72)
.

Data 18 Context: Watson and Mary come to Holmes¶ house. Irene cannot run anymore because the bridge is not complete yet. Setting: Holmes¶ house The Participants: Holmes. . Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (commanding). Irene still can run and hide or not. In the tower. there is no way for her to pass. chasing her to the tower. Holmes pretends to let her go by saying. he is still alive. Oh my lord. Then she runs and brings it with her. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something. Holmes is aware about that. Holmes just wants to know whether in this situation. Watson opens the door and reveals a horrific scene: Holmes is hanging from a rope. Please. Watson: Worse things could happen?
. He looks dead. my tongue is going and I¶ll be of no use to you at all. He uses the phrase ³run off´ which indicates that he commands Irene to run and disappear from him. . He asks Watson to help him down before continuing his explanations. He is just trying to deduce the manner in which Blackwood can survivefrom the execution. I think my legs have fallen . fare thee well´. ³Run off! I won¶t be chasing anymore. and Mary Holmes:Oh dear. In fact. In this case. . Knowing Irene¶s situation.62
Irene successfully stops the dangerous chemical weapon and takes its chemical material. In those utterances. so. Watson. . He explains it to Watson and Mary while hanging. I can¶t feel my cheeks . Watson.

He predicts it by hanging himself from a rope. He explains to Watson and Mary how Blackwood can slip of from the death. Mary thinks Holmes is suicide. ³Oh dear. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of directive (entreating). He says to Watson. . . and tongue which are in terrible conditions in order to get Watson do what he wants. my tongue is going and I¶ll be of no use to you at all´. Then. Watson and Mary are surprise to see that. his crime is totally over. Holmes cannot do it anymore while hanged.
Commissives Data 1 Context: Holmes is in a grand office. In fact. . He uses the word ³please´ to entreat Watson to get him down. In those utterances. Setting: Temple of four orders headquarters . exactly in Sir Thomas¶ place. Holmes is still alive and not suicide. Lord Coward offers something to Holmes. . Sir Thomas needs Holmes¶ help to find his son (Blackwood) and stop him before he becomes more dangerous. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something.morning The Participants: Holmes and Coward Coward: Name your price!
. He also tells about his psychical condition such as his leg. cheeks. I think my legs have fallen .63
(Film script page 78) After Blackwood is dead. Watson. Oh my lord. But. Please. I can¶t feel my cheeks . Holmes can solve the case but he still curious how Blackwood can slip off from the death after hanged by the court.

I¶ll stop him´. He asks Holmes to name how much money that he wants. I will stop him but not for you and certainly not for a price. Consider it done. Holmes is trusted by Sir Thomas who has great position as ³The Head of Temple of Four Orders´ to do what Sir Thomas¶ wants. Holmes has no desire to work for money. He is very worried that Blackwood will make disorder outside. Lord Coward (Home secretary) offers retain such a lot of money to do that.64
Holmes :Well. he is brought by some people to Sir Thomas¶ Headquarters. ³Well. Replying Lord Coward¶s offer. of great benefit to being a consulting detective is that I can pick and choose my clients. In addition. Consider it done. Commissive is the speaker who commits to do something in the future. As great consulting detective. Data 2
. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of commissive (promising). Sir Thomas needs Holmes¶ helps to find and stop his son (Blackwood). (Film script page 47) After Holmes is released by police since making major disorder. According to those utterances. of great benefit to being a consulting detective is that I can pick and choose my clients. Holmes says. He uses the word ³will´ in the utterance ³I¶ll stop him´ to commit himself to find and stop Blackwood. He will do that for neither Sir Arthur nor his money but for himself because he is very curious about the case.

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Context: Holmes is on the deck along with a much older man who uses a sailor¶s hat, Captain Tanner. Watson is busy with a bucket clearing the boat of a very serious leak. Setting: On the boat - night The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Holmes, are you sure that there is no alternative means of water transportation than that? Holmes:I guarantee you nobody knows London¶s waterways better. (Film script page 56) Holmes and Watson are on the way to the slaughter house to find some clues about Blackwood. They use boat as their water transportation because the place that they want to investigate is near the river. There is also the owner of the boat, Captain Tanner. Holmes and Captain Tanner is on the deck, whereas, Watson is busy with a bucket, clearing the boat of a serious leak. Watson is very tired to do that work. He complains Holmes why he takes this transportation. Then, Holmes replies his partner¶s complaint by saying, ³I guarantee you nobody knows London¶s waterways better´. In the utterance ³I guarantee you nobody knows London¶s waterways better´, Holmes uses illocutionary acts of commissive (promising). Commissive is the speaker who commits to do something in the future. He uses the word ³guarantee´ to give Watson a promise that nobody knows London¶s waterways better than Captain Tanner. He ensures him to believe that Captain Tanner¶s boat

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is the only one transportation which can deliver them to the place where they want to go.

Data 3 Context: Watson is hit by explosion at Queenshithe, slaughterhouse. He is burned, cut, bruised, and scraped. In the hospital, his eyes still closed. The doctor (Holmes) takes care him until the surgeon comes. Setting: Hospital room - night The Participants: Holmes and Mary Mary : Excuse me. Is that the best you can do? Holmes:Yes for now. I must attend to my other patients. (Film script page 60) After releasing Irene from the chain-lock, Watson tries to chase Blackwood who escapes using the boat. Watson runs to catch him, but he is trapped in the explosion. That trap almost kills Watson. He is burned, cut, bruised, and scraped. Because of that, he needs hospital. In the hospital, Holmes pretends as a doctor, tries to help his partner until the real doctor come. Mary who is aware the doctor is, asks him to give Watson another treatment. Nevertheless, Holmes says, ³I must attend to my other patients´. In that utterance, Holmes uses illocutionary acts of commissive (refusal). Commissive is the speaker who commits to do something in the future. He used the word ³must´ to refuse Mary¶s requests for giving another treatment to heal Watson. He refuses that because he is not a real doctor and just can give the first

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aid to him. Another reason is; he tries to avoid Mary because he feels guilty since he cannot protect Watson and let the worst thing happen to him.

Data 4 Context: Holmes chases Irene from the sewers to the tower bridge. Irene cannot run anymore because she gets the bridge is not complete yet. She cannot pass it. Setting: Tower Bridge - day The Participants: Holmes and Irene Holmes:Run off!I won¶t be chasing you anymore. Fare thee well. Irene : I don¶t want to run anymore. I¶ll tell you everything. (Film script page 72) After stopping a chemical weapon, Irene takes its chemical material and runs away with that. Holmes,who is aware about that, tries to chase her from the sewers to the tower bridge. In the tower bridge, Irene cannot run anymore since the bridge is not complete yet. Knowing about Irene¶s situation, Holmes says, ³Run off! I won¶t be chasing you anymore. Fare thee well´. In the utterance ³I won¶t be chasing you anymore´, Holmes uses illocutionary acts of commissive (promising). Commissive is the speaker who commits to do something in the future. He uses the phrase ³Won¶t´ to promises Irene that he will not chase her anymore. He pretends to do that (promise) because he is very sure if the situation will make her giving up. At least, Irene gives up and promises to Holmes that she will not run from him anymore.

Watson. Holmes is happy to meet his partner because he is always on his side when he is in big troubles and helps him. Holmes:(shaking hands) Always nice to see you Watson. out of sight. Watson saves Holmes from Blackwood¶s follower who tries to kill him. out of sight. Expressive states what the speaker feels.night The Participants: Holmes and Watson. ³Always nice to see you Watson´.68
Expressives Data 1 Context:Holmes surveys the scene at a distance. In this context. Because too focus. comes on the perfect time to save him. Watson comes on the perfect time to save him. his partner. Fortunately. In that utterance. (Film script page 1) Holmes surveys the scene around Blackwood at a distance.
. Holmes says. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of expressive (thanking). Fortunately. he is not aware if there is Blackwood¶s follower who wants to kill him. Setting: Cathedral crypts . Suddenly a heavy hand falls on his shoulder to pull him back. Where is the inspector? Watson: He¶s getting his troops lined up. He uses the word ³nice´ to express his psychological state of his emotion to thank Watson for saving him.

he sees a beautiful woman (Irene) who makes him not focus and leaves the match. He uses the phrase ³thank you´ to express his thank to Watson since Watson cares a lot about his condition. Watson: Paper? Holmes:Thank You.
Data 3 Context: Holmes is in bare boxing fight at night. He just needs something like a problem or a case to be solved. and hands him the newspaper. he just stays at home and do nothing useful. Therefore. Setting: Bare boxing-fight . In that utterance. Watson comes to Holmes¶s room. Watson knows that the only thing can cheer his partner up is a case. exactly after Blackwood¶s case. ³Thank You´.night
. Holmes has no case to be solved. In the middle of the match. Watson comes and gives him some cases on the newspaper. as a partner and close friend. Holmes has no case to be solved. talks to him. Knowing about Holmes¶s condition. So he decides to give it. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of Expressive (thanking). Setting: Holmes¶ room .69
Data 2 Context: Since three months. McMurdo. (Film script page 6) Since three months. In this story.morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson. He fights his opponent. Expressive states what the speaker feels. Watson offers newspaper and then Holmes says.

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The Participants: Holmes and McMurdo. . . Therefore. Setting: Holmes¶ room ± early morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: How did you lure them in?
. The beer stein is full of flies all buzzing about.
Data 4 Context: Holmes is in the corner of his room. In the beginning of the match. Expressive states what the speaker feels. Holmes shows Watson about his musical theory by using his violin to influence the flies. he becomes not focus because he sees Irene. but in the middle. he can fight very well. McMurdo Holmes : Get up and fight! Come on! Come on! :That¶s it. . Congratulations. he decides to end the match by saying. Congratulations´. big man . (Film script page 13) Holmes is in bare boxing-fight at night. big man . Holmes uses illocutionary acts of Expressive (congratulating). He uses the word ³congratulations´ to congratulate McMurdo for winning the match. a beautiful woman who can make him fall in love. You won. He fights his opponent. . Based on those utterances. there is an upside down ³beer stein´. On the table next to him. You won. We¶re done. We¶re done. He expresses it to end the match immediately and admits his opponent as a winner because he has no desire to continue the match anymore. McMurdo. playing scale on his violin. ³That¶s it.

morning The Participants: Holmes and Blackwood Holmes Blackwood :I love what you¶ve done with the place. He does that because he is Blackwood¶s the last request. : So glad you can accept my invitation. who looks at that.71
Holmes: Excellent question. ³How did you lure them in?´. (Film script page 18) Holmes goes to prison to see Blackwood.
Data 5 Context: Holmes approaches Blackwood¶s cell. Individually. He sees very many pictures on Blackwood¶s cell wall. He uses the word ³excellent´ to praise Watson¶s question. In the prison. Then Holmes answers. Setting: Blackwood¶s cell . He praise Watson¶s because he thinks that it is smart one and he respect for it anyway. In those utterances. He experiments with flies to find the relation between music and flies¶ motion. (Film script page 15) Holmes is in the corner of his room. playing scale on his violin. He asks Holmes. strolls. he successfully makes the flies move clockwise with the melody. I¶ve been at it for six hours. Individually. I¶ve been at it for six hours´. feels curious about Holmes¶s experiment. He just wants to respect it. Watson. ³Excellent question. listens and gets closer to him. Expressive states what the speaker feels. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of expressive (Praising). In his experiment. exactly in
.

Watson.72
front of Blackwood¶s cell. (Film script page 33) Holmes and Watson together try to find some clues about Reordan. He asks about Watson¶s opinion about Reordan (midget) by looking the watch. he does not know and understand about that. he sees very many pictures on Blackwood¶s cell wall. hence the scratches. Right! Scratches around the keyhole where the watch is wound. He asks Watson¶s opinion about that. By looking for that store. Every time he wound the watch. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of Expressive (Praising). Watson predicts the
. They start to find the Reordan¶s watch store. Holmes:Very good. ³I love what you¶ve done with the place´. What does that tell you? Watson: The man was likely a drunk. Setting: London Street . his hand slipped. even though. they hope.Day The Participants: Holmes and Watson Holmes:Our midget (Reordan) is the key to this. Expressive states what the speaker feels. You have developed considerable deductive powers of your own. He says to Blackwood. According to that utterance. He is also surprise that Blackwood draws such those pictures in his dark cell.
Data 6 Context: Holmes observes Reordan¶s watch and finds some stretches on it. Holmes observes the watch and finds some scratches on it. He uses the word ³love´ in ³I love what you¶ve done with the place´ to praise Blackwood¶s weird pictures. they can get the address of the watch owner.

his hand slipped. Setting: Holmes¶ house . Holmes says. Watson. Expressive states what the speaker feels. ³Very good. such as dust on the hair and mud on the legs. He tries to identify where the man comes from. but he won¶t to be involved with the problem anymore. He is proud of him about that. Nine Elms. Watson. A factory by the river.
Data 7 Context: Holmes brings Blackwood¶s victim (dead body) to the room.73
owner (Reordan) is likely a drunk and every time he winds the watch. You have developed considerable deductive powers of your own´. After hearing Watson¶s predictions. In those utterances. hence the scratches. he begins getting some clues that can lead them
. According to those feature. Holmes admits Watson¶s ability to deduce from a few clues. Well done. (Film script page 55) Holmes tries to find out the location where the dead body comes from. Holmes:Queen side slaughterhouse. in his house. He identifies some features on that body. That should lead us right to Blackwood. He uses the phrase ³very good´ to express his amazement to Watson because he thinks Watson¶s is the same as his prediction. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of Expressive (praising).day The Participants: Holmes and Watson Watson: Probably be a factory by the river. Watson is actually interested and curious about that.

Setting: Holmes¶ attic . with us. ³Queen side slaughterhouse. Watson seems interested on that and helps Holmes by giving the details of the location. (Film script page 62) Watson and Irene come to meet Holmes who is in the attic. Sohe can find the place. he sees his partner and Irene near him.morning The Participants: Holmes and Watson Holmes:You seem to be making a rapid recovery. And when Holmes is awake. He uses the phrase ³well done´ to praise Watson since Watson gives some details clues about what Holmes looks for. Watson: Yes. Based on Holmes¶ utterances. In the beginning. Well done. . Nevertheless. including the address. I took the shrapnel out myself. Nine Elms. well. He knows that the doctor who takes care of him last night is his partner. Finally. Holmes. Holmes:Well.
Data 8 Context: Watson looks almost recovery from his pain. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of Expressive (praising).74
to the murderer. Watson. That should lead us right to Blackwood´. A factory by the river. Holmes can find that place by saying. Expressive states what the speaker feels. ³Probably be a factory by the river´. Holmes looks like worry about Watson¶s condition which is not recover yet from his pains. they get Holmes still fall asleep. Mary said I had a lousy doctor. he assumes that Watson
. I¶m just so very glad that you¶re um . He says his prediction to Holmes.

with us´. In this case.
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will recover soon by looking him do the activities normally. Holmes cannot back away from Watson¶ says. ³Well. there is a new case from Clarky. Watson can work together with Holmes again to solve the case. That place is the place where Holmes stops Blackwood¶s crime yesterday. Expressive states what the speaker feels. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of Expressive (welcoming). He uses the phrase ³very glad´ to express his gladness because his efforts to rescue him are useful. He looks like very interested with the new case so. And the most important thing is. Setting: Holmes¶ house . He just can say.
Declarations Data 1 Context: Clarky asks Holmes to come with him since there is a dead sergeant which is founded by sewage workers in the Parliaments¶ tunnel. In that utterance. well. Clarky informs to Holmes that there is a murder in the parliament¶s tunnel.morning The Participants: Holmes and Clarky Holmes: Clarky? Case reopened! (Film script page 81) After successfully solving Blackwood¶s case. He teases Holmes¶ treatment which is not too bad as a quack for saving him. Watson knows that the doctor who take care him is his partner. Holmes predicts who the murderer is. . he decides to take it. I¶m just so very glad that you¶re um .

This murder becomes interesting case for Holmes. Declaration brings about some alteration in the status or condition of the referred to object.
. He says to Clarky. He will investigate and solve that case immediately. ³Case reopened!´. Holmes uses illocutionary acts of Declaration (appointing). He uses the word ³Reopened´ which means he ready to bring that case becomes a serious one. Based on that utterance. like Blackwood¶s case.76
The man killed is a Sergeant. He is killed by somebody whosethe identity is not clear.

The purpose of this research is to know the types of illocutionary acts that are dominantly presented by Sherlock Holmes as a main character in the movie through its script. expressive. Welcoming(1) Appointing(1) 7 18
3.
Commissive Expressive Declaration
4 8 1
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. No. Ordering(3). 4. commissive. Representative Directive Asserting(3). Praising(4). Requesting(2). the writer makes conclusion clear and explicit from the analysis of illocutionary acts in Sherlock Holmes¶ movie. Based on the findings. 2. Insisting(2). 5. Entreating(2). Types of Verbs Total Illocutionary Acts 1. Congratulating(1). directive. Arguing(1). Holmes presents more illocutionary acts of directive than other acts. Asking(1). The data is summarized in the table below:
Table of Illocutionary Acts of Sherlock Holmes¶ Movie spoken By Sherlock Holmes. and declaration. Advising(1) Promising(3).CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONSAND SUGGESTIONS
A. In his utterances. Informing(2). Telling(1) Commanding(6). Refusal(1) Thanking(2). They are representative. Inviting(1). these are five types of illocutionary acts that expressed by Sherlock Holmes in his utterances. Conclusions In this chapter.

normally speaking. The researchers who want to analyze speech act. John Watson. especially illocutionary act to give more attention to the form of speech act. Suggestions In this research. That act brings about some alteration in the status or condition. Then. those utterances commonly occur between Holmes and his partner. the writer suggests: 1.They are performed. especially when they have cases to be solved. Directive potentially represents the power and the dominance of the speaker.78
According to the table. so they not only find explicit meaning but also find implicit meaning. direct and indirect. by someone who is especially authorized to do so within some institutional framework. Declarations are those kinds of speech acts that change the word via their utterance. In the directive. Directive is the speaker who wants to get the hearer to do something.
B. literal and non-literal.This research reveals that Sherlock Holmes as a great consultingdetective has greater ability to solve the problem and the domination as a main character than any other participants. because in that movie. the illocutionary act of declarations is seldom used by Holmes in his utterances because he just focuses on facing and solving the case given to him and not making or receiving a new case before the preview one solved. the illocutionary act of directive is often used by Sherlock Holmes in his utterances. they have much time together to spend.
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2. magazine. etc. especially illocutionary acts. Finally. The writer hopesthis research will be useful for the readers and researchers to get better understanding about speech acts. The readers who are interested in analyzing speech act. the writer hopes that this study will benefit for the English Letters Department students who want to do the similar research. The research is also expected can be referable for further researchers to analyze illocutionary acts or other acts in speech act with the different objects. such as comic.
. in order to comprehend more about Austin¶s and Searle¶s concepts and other concepts to identify the categories of illocutionary act to get deep understanding about it. especially in illocutionary act.