Financial records filed last year in the secretive tax haven of Cyprus, where Paul J. Manafort kept bank accounts during his years working in Ukraine and investing with a Russian oligarch, indicate that he had been in debt to pro-Russia interests by as much as $17 million before he joined Donald J. Trump’s presidential campaign in March 2016.

Paul Behrends, a controversial staffer associated with the California congressman Dana Rohrabacher’s pro-Russia stances, was pushed out of his role on a subcommittee after questions were raised about a recent trip to Moscow.