Poor supported the separatists as early as the Stamp Act protests in 1765. He served on various committees for the town throughout the period of rising rebellion. In 1775 he was twice elected to the provincial Assembly. When the Battle of Lexington caused the assembly to call for three regiments of militia, Poor became the colonel of the 2nd New Hampshire Regiment.

After the disaster in Canada, Poor led the survivors of his regiment in early 1776 back to Fort Ticonderoga. After refitting and recruiting, the unit was renamed as the 8th Continental regiment and joined Washington's main army in December 1776 at winter quarters near Morristown, New Jersey.

The monument to Gen. Poor, just a few feet from his burial site in Hackensack.

In the first engagement of Saratoga, the Battle of Freeman's Farm, Poor's brigade was the first to come to the aid of Daniel Morgan's attack. Poor held the American left flank, extending into the woods and even wrapping around the British position. They performed well, keeping General Simon Fraser's regulars engaged while Benedict Arnold led attacks on the central column.

In the second engagement, the Battle of Bemis Heights, Poor's brigade was in General Benjamin Lincoln's division on the left (western) end of the American line. They were closest to the center of the advancing British, so they came under fire from the grenadier battalion of the British center. The fire was ineffective, so Major John Dyke Acland led the grenadiers in a bayonet charge. Poor held fire until they came very close, then opened up with the massed fire of his 1,400 men. These were the first American shots in the battle. The charge was completely broken, and Acland himself fell wounded. With this collapse of Burgoyne's center, the Americans captured the wounded Acland and Major Williams along with the column's artillery. Poor then turned to his left and gave support to Ebenezer Learned and Morgan's men.

Poor's burial site. The inscription includes: In 1824, Lafayette re visited this grave, and turning away much affected, exclaimed, Ah, that was one of my Generals.

Afterward Poor was assigned to Lafayette's division and mainly saw garrison duty in New Jersey. Some sources say Poor was shot in a duel near Hackensack, New Jersey, on September 6, 1780, and died two days later from the wound, although the Army surgeon reported that Poor died from typhus. Poor was buried in the First Reformed Dutch Church Cemetery in Hackensack.[1]George Washington and Lafayette both attended his funeral. When Washington wrote to inform Congress of Poor's death, he noted that "He was an officer of distinguished merit, one who as a citizen and soldier had every claim to the esteem and regard of his country."