2017年8月10日木曜日

８４ The History of the Earth

4.6 billion years ago Formation of The Solar system and Earth (primitive atmosphere is mostly hydrogen and helium).4.3-4.0 billion years ago Ocean was born 3.8 billion years ago Birth of unicellular organisms 2.4～2.1 billion years ago The oldest ice age. （Huronian glaciation）750～700 million years ago Sturtian glaciations640 million years ago Marinoan glaciation・・・Snowball Earth

※The Snowball Earth [3]

600 million years ago Birth and explosion of multicellular organisms（the Cambrian）500 million years ago Creature won the brain.460～430 million years ago Little ice age(Andean-Saharan glaciation)・・・Two events occurred that killed off 60% to 70% of all species. [4]※Other causes ：Gamma ray burst caused by supernova explosion occurred within 6000 light years400 million years ago Plants advanced the land from the sea.375 ～360 million years ago Expansion period of glacier( Karoo Ice Age） ・・・a prolonged series eliminated at least 70% of all species [4]・・・There are also theories that the collision of asteroids is the cause of extinction.360 million years ago Animal’s landing 300 million years ago Increase of insects (cockroaches = living fossil)Emergence of reptiles250 million years ago Mass extinction of lives (Permian)・・・Earth's largest extinction killed 90% to 96% of all species [4]230 million years ago Emergence of dinosaurs225 million years ago Emergence of mammals 220 million years ago Mass extinction of lives ・・・75% of all species became extinct [4]150 million years ago Emergence of archaeopteryx 140 million years ago Division of Australian continent100 million years ago Golden age of dinosaurs (The average temperature was about 23℃. Temperature of current average is 15℃.)66 million years ago Mass extinction of organisms= Extinction of dinosaurs(Collision of comet(about 10km diameter))[4]・・・75% of all species became extinct. [4]Emergence of primates(Ability to synthesize vitamin C is lost)

40 million years ago Last ice age25 million years ago The oldest fossil that seems to be apes10 million ～5 million years ago The formation of the Great Rift Valley in Africa began.about 6 million ～ 5 million years ago The differentiation of Humans and chimpanzeesabout 2.5 million ～ 1.8 million years ago Start of Stone tools1.7 million years ago Human beings born780,000 years ago The last pole shift of Geomagnetism500,000 years ago Peking man230,000 years ago Emergence of Neanderthals ・・・Use of stone tools200,000 ～190,000 years ago Emergence of Homo sapiens (present people)160,000 ± 40,000 years ago Mitochondrial Eve in Africa(150 000 years ago polar bear and brown bear was divided)100,000 years ago～ Modern humans (Homo sapiens) were spread out of the Africa.(It was lower about 5-8 degrees in average temperature than the current：The difference between the annual average temperature in Tokyo and Sapporo. Sea level was 120m lower than now. )70,000 years ago ～ The last ice age10,000 years ago The end of the last ice age30,000 years ago Extinction of Neanderthal 30,000 ～ 20,000 years ago Mongoloid passed to the Americas.14,000 ～10,000 years ago Humanity tamed the dog.13 000 years ago Japanese archipelago became the island.10,000 years ago The end of the last ice age

A.C. 800 - 1300 The average temperature is higher than the present by 1 ° C or more. In the United Kingdom grapes were grown, Greenland was not covered with ice. [5]

20th century Development of science and technology, the explosive growth of population, globalization, world war, environmental destruction and resource depletion concernsThe 21st century Nuclear fusion power generation. Development of Artificial intelligence, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology. Multi-polar world.