Moral Dilemma #1: The Banker and the Beggar

Thank you to everyone who shared their thoughts on this moral dilemma. After giving the original dilemma and then adding a wrinkle to it, we are now ready for an analysis of the dilemma from an expert in moral theology and ethics.

Our Expert Weighs In

I am delighted and pleased that the editors at Busted Halo invited me to be part of Bill McGarvey’s “Moral Dilemmas” feature. I’ve worked with Bill and the Busted Halo people before. In the way we deal with complex moral issues we’re simpatico spirits.

This first dilemma has garnered a number of votes, most tilting toward helping the street person in some way. Jason’s clueless reluctance to help was simply so crass that many Busted Halo readers didn’t feel a need to “say the obvious.” One commenter pointed out, however, that if Jason’s salary is six figures and he is moving toward the million-dollar mark, his measly $1,000 a year to five charities at Christmastime comes in at 1 percent or lower. The Scriptural tradition of tithing 10 percent seems a long way off. From the start Jason doesn’t exactly deserve the generosity award for sharing his blessings with others.

What should be given?

Many voted according to what kind of “gift” would be most appropriate — money, food, clothing, and/or a night’s shelter? But, if Jason is really conscious of his own blessings, talents, and earning potential, might he not invest a bit more time and energy in this one lost soul (e.g., finding him permanent housing, possible job training, substance abuse therapy if needed, and maybe some ongoing personal relationship)? Since Jason’s own fortunes currently seem to be so good, why not share the wealth by investing a little time, talent and treasure in helping this poor man get a break, find new bootstraps, if you will?

Who are we to decide?

At a more fundamental and immediate level I wonder when needy folks approach us for a handout, who are we to decide what they need, what will make them happy, what they ought to want and seek? Is being a successful investment banker like Jason, buying $800 shoes, and looking toward being a millionaire the measure of a happy or successful person? For some it may be.

Certainly being financially solvent seems better than being broke. So, it doesn’t seem arrogant or condescending for Jason to think that freezing on the street, trying to bum money for a drink, and guilt-tripping one’s mark is not likely to be the happiest or healthiest of lifestyles. Still, if someone asks us for money on the street, is it our task to determine how they will spend this modest windfall?

If they honestly ask for money, maybe it’s worth simply treating them as an equal, a fellow human being: give the money or not, trusting them to spend it as they deem best; offer to buy a meal or not, without strings attached; offer to arrange tonight’s shelter or not, without expecting groveling gratitude. Maybe all we can do is that moment’s request.

Are we called to be full-blown good Samaritans in every instance?

Not all wandering homeless folks are “bums.” Some may more accurately be described as “hobos,” “knights of the road,” or “free spirits.” Being hemmed in — particularly in a bug-infested, rule-laden, and sometimes violence-prone men’s shelter — is not everyone’s idea of “living.” Some street people, albeit often with a measure of mental disability, prefer their freedom to a regimented or institutionalized life. If they honestly ask for money, maybe it’s worth simply treating them as an equal, a fellow human being: give the money or not, trusting them to spend it as they deem best; offer to buy a meal or not, without strings attached; offer to arrange tonight’s shelter or not, without expecting groveling gratitude. Maybe all we can do is that moment’s request. Being a full-blown, long-term Good Samaritan Nightingale is not possible or required in every case, even for followers of Jesus.

A few layered moral thoughts for dealing fairly, mercifully, with panhandlers and street-people:

There is a distinction in the Christian tradition between basic or minimal charity and real justice; as there is a further distinction between social justice and genuine Gospel living or Good Samaritan love.

Charity usually refers to giving from our excess. In the Gospel story of the widow’s mite , Jesus points out that most folks donate from their spare change or play money, while the widow gave her last coin, all that she had. Giving a buck here and there or even Jason’s annual $1,000 Christmas largesse seems to me to be this most minimal kind of charity. It’s good. It’s valid. It should be freely given. But it’s not enough!

Justice refers to fairness, rendering someone what is due them. Commutative justice (i.e., the work ethic) bases what is due a person solely on whether one has “earned” the benefit (e.g., full work day merits a full day’s pay). But another branch of justice, distributive justice, says we can also measure what one is due based on one’s core human dignity and needs. So, children justly deserve physical care and a basic education, not because they earn it, but just because they’re in need of it. Persons with disabilities justly deserve to participate as fully as they can in society’s activities. We install ramps and handicap-accessible facilities as a matter of justice, not idle charity.

It seems to me that our unnamed street person does not have a strict justice claim on Jason, one-to-one, in any commutative justice sense. However, poor people in general do have a distributive justice claim based on their basic humanity and need. The society’s increasing disparity between rich and poor cries out for justice. But this may be best addressed at the level of systemic change — why the poor are poor, housing, education, job opportunities, tax reform, better distribution of wealth in a free-market economy.

I would think an investment banker earning six figures does have an obligation in justice to reexamine his own lifestyle and to use his banking knowledge and skills to assist those less fortunate (whether on company time or his own volunteerism.) He also needs to look at his annual level of giving ($1,000 out of a $500,000 annual income) and move toward a tithe that is at least equitable, maybe even really pinches.

And this leads to the notion of the fullness of Gospel living, genuine Sermon-on-the-Mount love.

I’m not saying Jason should sell all he has and join Mother Teresa’s Sisters on the Bowery, though this is surely an option, a potential change in vocation. But short of that I think if Jason really wants to put his money where his mouth is there are two avenues:

What to do for this one street person in need, tonight and beyond tonight? We can’t adopt every homeless person, but we can try to make a difference, short-term or long-term, in one life or another, here and there along the way.

What about the systemic problem of homelessness, hunger, joblessness, etc. in Jason’s community? Whether through politics, corporate sponsoring, investment of his own time and talent on committees and boards, or some other direct service, Jason could make a difference. He also might learn to buy a cheaper pair of shoes, hang out at fewer bars, and really make better use of his time, talent and treasure. It’s called Gospel living and can really bring some pretty deep inner peace, even more satisfying than six figures and $800 shoes.

I don’t think there is a neat “right” and “wrong” answer about what to give (or not to give) to this lone street beggar. Certainly taking him for a meal is a good deed. Volunteering to secure him shelter for the night and/or warmer clothing would also be charitable and a taste of justice. Sharing one’s shoes (a new or old pair) would also be commendable. “From him who has been given much, much is expected.” But I also don’t think that giving this fellow money, allowing him to freely make his own choice as to how to spend it, is necessarily bad. Food, shelter or clothing might be wiser uses of one’s “gift.” But if it truly is a gift, then the street person recipient ought to be free to buy booze or candy or a “nickel bag” or even a bit of alleyway lovin’ as his own free-will choice.

Finally, in the Gospel story of the rich man and Lazarus at his gate , Jesus gives the poor man a name, a personal identity, while the rich man is left generic. This Busted Halo moral dilemma tends to reflect the more common cultural bias — the rich guy has a name and identity (Jason Pascal), while our balding, gray-bearded beggar remains nameless and story-less. To those who recommended asking his name, giving him the time of day, maybe even sharing the meal with him and listening to his story — BRAVO! He is a child of God, our brother in Christ, and maybe, “There, but for the grace of God, goes you or me.”

The Author : Bill McGarveyBill McGarvey is co-author of Busted Halo’s Freshman Survival Guide. Bill was editor-in-chief of Busted Halo for six year. In addition to having written extensively on the topics of culture and faith for NPR, Commonweal, America, The Tablet (in London), Factual (Spain), Time Out New York, and Book magazine, McGarvey is a singer/songwriter whose music has been critically acclaimed by the New York Times, Washington Post, the Chicago Tribune, Billboard and Performing Songwriter. You can follow him at his website billmcgarvey.com or on Facebook.com/billmcgarvey
See more articles by Bill McGarvey (99).

Please note that the editorial staff reserves the right to not post comments it deems to be inappropriate and/or malicious in nature, as well as edit comments for length, clarity and fairness.

essaadi

A banker and a poor beggar! The difference is huge!
Two opposite and yet two tracks which are due to meet at the same crossroad : that of charity !
Child, I learned to give charity. Even a tiny amount.
And if I have nothing in my pocket, I say comforting words to the beggar. Never insult him or drive him away.
Whenever I see a beggar, my heart weeps. Because I put myself in his place. Fate would have placed me in the same situation.
I thank God to make me someone who puts his hand into the pocket to make a man happy!

Chris Brune

@ Kristen – Surely not all bankers are swindlers. But when people are making the kind of money our hero is apparently making, with so little effort (witness the financial meltdown that has destroyed our economy while enriching a select few) one must be suspect. Wealth without work is one of Ghandi’s great moral evils.

You are right that Mother Theresa would probably not drop a twenty in the guy’s lap and walked away. However, she would have understood that here is a fellow human being who is suffering, right now, and she would have done what she could to relieve that suffering.

Kristin

@ Chris- First of all, assuming all bankers are swindlers is silly. Also, I think your two statements contradict each other. Mother Theresa would most certainly not have given the homeless man a $20 to spend as he saw fit. She would have brought him to a safe shelter (one of her own) given him a hot meal and made sure he got medical attention.

Chris Brune

All this over-analysis is Pharisaical. It’s almost as if we are asking, “How little can I do and still feel good about myself?”

First off, all the money the banker makes is probably gained through questionable means. In other words, he is screwing somebody out of something for his own profit. So he should not feel so high and mighty.

The guy is hungry and cold right now. It is within the banker’s power to relieve that suffering with a $20 bill, probably less than he would spend on a round of drinks. He should give it, and never mind what the homeless man is going to do with it. If the money buys him some relief for a night, be it a flop-house room or a bottle of whiskey, so be it. None of the banker’s or our business. I don’t recall Jesus ever specifying a means test for our alms-giving.

You want a simpler answer? Ask yourself, What would Mother Theresa have done?

lizziewriter

Thanks for the story and survey. Now please post some info for us about what the experienced folks suggest (I don’t mean people writing studies in think tanks…. I mean people running food banks and outreach etc.)

Steve

Good ol’ Jason’s $5,000 yearly donation to charity may be nice, but for someone who makes roughly $500,000, I think he could probably stand to give a little more than 1% of his income…