SHANMUGAM IAS ACADEMY

Sunday, January 19, 2014

Peshawar, largest reservoir of polio in world: WHO

Peshawar in
Pakistan had the largest number of polio
cases in the world in 2013. This was revealed by World Health Organisation
(WHO) in a global analysis for polio cases on 17 January 2014.

The analysis by World Health Organisation
(WHO) further said that Pakistan is the
only polio-endemic country which reported more polio cases in 2013 than in
2012. Pakistan reported 83 cases in 2013 compared to 58 cases in 2012. In 2013,
369 cases were reported worldwide.

In Pakistan, 59 cases were from Federally
Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), 10 from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and seven each
from Punjab and Sindh.

Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa Province, of which Peshawar is the capital and adjoining tribal districts, has been
found to be the polio hotspot in Pakistan.

All the polio cases reported from Pakistan
are type-1 cases. No report of type-3 polio cases has been reported from
Pakistan.

The analysis by WHO suggested that viruses
from Toba Tek Singh, Sahiwal, Lahore and Multan are closely related with each
other. This reflects a common source of outbreak because of a significant
immunity gap in the central region of Punjab.

As a result, the most immediate epidemiological
challenge is to control this transmission in the region. At the same time,
building super high immunity in southern districts of the province is needed to
reverse previous trends of transmission moving to the south after the central
region outbreak.