Diseases & ConditionsAcute coronary syndromeAcute coronary syndrome is a term for any condition that suddenly stops (or severely reduces) blood from flowing to the heart. When blood cannot flow to the heart, the heart muscle can become damaged. Heart...

Diseases & ConditionsAnginaAngina is a type of chest discomfort or pain due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels (coronary vessels) of the heart muscle (myocardium). chest discomfort or pain There are different types of angina...

Diseases & ConditionsAortic arch syndromeAortic arch syndrome refers to a group of signs and symptoms associated with structural problems in the arteries that branch off the aortic arch. The aortic arch is the top part of the main artery carrying...

Diseases & ConditionsAortic dissectionAortic dissection is a serious condition in which there is a tear in the wall of the major artery carrying blood out of the heart (aorta). As the tear extends along the wall of the aorta, blood can flow...

Diseases & ConditionsAortic insufficiencyAortic insufficiency is a heart valve disease in which the aortic valve does not close tightly. This allows blood to flow from the aorta (the largest blood vessel) into the left ventricle (a chamber of...

Diseases & ConditionsAortic stenosisThe aorta is the main artery that carries blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. Blood flows out of the heart and into the aorta through the aortic valve. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve does...

Diseases & ConditionsAortopulmonary windowAortopulmonary window is a rare heart defect in which there is a hole connecting the major artery taking blood from the heart to the body (the aorta) and the one taking blood from the heart to the lungs...

Diseases & ConditionsArrhythmiasAn arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rate (pulse) or heart rhythm. The heart can beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly. heart rate An arrhythmia can be harmless, a sign...

Diseases & ConditionsArterial embolismArterial embolism is a sudden interruption of blood flow to an organ or body part due to a clot (embolus) that has come from another part of the body.

Diseases & ConditionsAtrial fibrillation or flutterAtrial fibrillation or flutter is a common type of abnormal heartbeat. The heart rhythm is fast and most often irregular.

Diseases & ConditionsAtrial myxomaAn atrial myxoma is a noncancerous tumor in the upper left or right side of the heart. It most often grows on the wall that separates the two sides of the heart. This wall is called the atrial septum.

Diseases & ConditionsAtrial septal defect (ASD)Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a heart defect that is present at birth (congenital). As a baby develops in the womb, a wall (septum) forms that divides the upper chamber into a left and right atrium. An...

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Diseases & ConditionsCardiac amyloidosisCardiac amyloidosis is a disorder caused by deposits of an abnormal protein (amyloid) in the heart tissue. These deposits make it hard for the heart to work properly.

Diseases & ConditionsCardiac arrestCardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating. When this happens, blood flow to the brain and the rest of the body also stops. Cardiac arrest is a medical emergency. If it is not treated within...

Diseases & ConditionsCardiogenic shockCardiogenic shock is when the heart has been damaged so much that it is unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the body.

Diseases & ConditionsCardiomyopathyCardiomyopathy is disease in which the heart muscle becomes weakened, stretched, or has another structural problem. It often occurs when the heart cannot pump or function well. Most people with cardiomyopathy...

Diseases & ConditionsCoarctation of the aortaThe aorta carries blood from the heart to the vessels that supply the body with blood. If part of the aorta is narrowed, it is hard for blood to pass through the artery. This is called coarctation of the...

Diseases & ConditionsCoronary artery spasmThe coronary arteries supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Coronary artery spasm is a brief, sudden narrowing of one of these arteries.

Diseases & ConditionsCoronary heart diseaseCoronary heart disease is a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is also called coronary artery disease.

Diseases & ConditionsCyanotic heart diseaseCyanotic heart disease refers to a group of many different heart defects that are present at birth (congenital). They result in a low blood oxygen level. Cyanosis refers to a bluish color of the skin and...

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Diseases & ConditionsDigitalis toxicityDigitalis is a medicine that is used to treat certain heart conditions. Digitalis toxicity is a complication of digitalis therapy. It may occur when someone takes too much of the drug at one time. (This...

Diseases & ConditionsDilated cardiomyopathyCardiomyopathy is disease in which the heart muscle becomes weakened, stretched, or has another structural problem. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged...

Diseases & ConditionsDouble inlet left ventricle Double inlet left ventricle (DILV) is a heart defect that is present from birth (congenital). It affects the valves and chambers of the heart. Babies born with this condition have only one working pumping...

Diseases & ConditionsDouble outlet right ventricle Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a heart disease that is present from birth (congenital). The aorta connects to the right ventricle (RV, the chamber of the heart that pumps oxygen-poor blood to the...

Diseases & ConditionsDrug-induced hypertensionDrug-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by using a chemical substance, drug, or medication. high blood pressure

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Diseases & ConditionsEctopic heartbeatEctopic heartbeats are small changes in a heartbeat that is otherwise normal. These changes lead to extra or skipped heartbeats. Often there is not a clear cause for these changes. They are mostly harmless...

Diseases & ConditionsEisenmenger syndromeEisenmenger syndrome is a condition that affects blood flow from the heart to the lungs in some people who were born with structural problems of the heart.

Diseases & ConditionsEndocardial cushion defectEndocardial cushion defect (ECD) is an abnormal heart condition. The walls separating all 4 chambers of the heart are poorly formed or absent. Also, the valves separating the upper and lower chambers of...

Diseases & ConditionsEndocarditis - childrenThe inner lining of the heart chambers and heart valves is called the endocardium. Endocarditis occurs when this tissue becomes swollen or inflamed.

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Diseases & ConditionsFamilial combined hyperlipidemiaFamilial combined hyperlipidemia is a disorder that is passed down through families. It causes high cholesterol and high blood triglycerides. high blood triglycerides

Diseases & ConditionsFamilial hypercholesterolemiaFamilial hypercholesterolemia is a disorder that is passed down through families. It causes LDL (bad) cholesterol level to be very high. The condition begins at birth and can cause heart attacks at an early...

Diseases & ConditionsFamilial hypertriglyceridemiaFamilial hypertriglyceridemia is a common disorder passed down through families. It causes a higher-than-normal level of triglycerides (a type of fat) in a person's blood. The condition is not linked to...

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Diseases & ConditionsHardening of the arteriesHardening of the arteries, also called atherosclerosis, occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries. These deposits are called plaques. Over time, these plaques...

Diseases & ConditionsHeart attackMost heart attacks are caused by a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries bring blood and oxygen to the heart. If the blood flow is blocked, the heart is starved of oxygen...

Diseases & ConditionsHeart blockHeart block is a problem in the electrical signals in the heart. Normally, the heart beat starts in an area in the top chambers of the heart (atria). This area is the heart's pacemaker. The electrical signals...

Diseases & ConditionsHeart failure - overviewHeart failure is a condition in which the heart is no longer able to pump oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body efficiently. This causes symptoms to occur throughout the body.

Diseases & ConditionsHigh blood cholesterol levelsCholesterol is a fat (also called a lipid) that your body needs to work properly. Too much bad cholesterol can increase your chance of getting heart disease, stroke, and other problems.
The medical term...

Diseases & ConditionsHigh blood pressureBlood pressure is a measurement of the force exerted against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood to your body. Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure. Blood pressure...

Diseases & ConditionsHypertensive heart diseaseHypertensive heart disease refers to heart problems that occur because of high blood pressure that is present over a long time.

Diseases & ConditionsHypertrophic cardiomyopathyHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick. Often, only 1 part of the heart is thicker than the other parts. The thickening can make it harder for blood to...

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Diseases & ConditionsMitral stenosisMitral stenosis is a disorder in which the mitral valve does not fully open. This restricts the flow of blood.

Diseases & ConditionsMitral valve prolapseMitral valve prolapse is a heart problem involving the mitral valve, which separates the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart. In this condition, the valve does not close normally.

Diseases & ConditionsMitral valve regurgitationMitral regurgitation is a disorder in which the mitral valve on the left side of the heart does not close properly. Regurgitation means leaking from a valve that does not close all the way.

Diseases & ConditionsMultifocal atrial tachycardiaMultifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is a rapid heart rate. It occurs when too many signals (electrical impulses) are sent from the upper heart (atria) to the lower heart (ventricles). rapid heart rate

Diseases & ConditionsMyocarditisMyocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle. The condition is called pediatric myocarditis when it occurs in children. pediatric myocarditis

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Diseases & ConditionsParoxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is episodes of rapid heart rate that start in a part of the heart above the ventricles. "Paroxysmal" means from time to time. rapid heart rate

Diseases & ConditionsPericarditisPericarditis is a condition in which the sac-like covering around the heart (pericardium) becomes inflamed.

Diseases & ConditionsPericarditis - after heart attackPericarditis is inflammation and swelling of the covering of the heart (pericardium). It can occur in the days or weeks following a heart attack.

Diseases & ConditionsPulmonary edemaPulmonary edema is an abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs. This buildup of fluid leads to shortness of breath.

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Diseases & ConditionsRestrictive cardiomyopathyRestrictive cardiomyopathy refers to a set of changes in how the heart muscle functions. These changes cause the heart to fill poorly (more common) or squeeze poorly (less common). Sometimes, both problems...

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Diseases & ConditionsSick sinus syndromeNormally, the heartbeat starts in an area in the top chambers of the heart (atria). This area is the heart's pacemaker. It may be called the sinoatrial node, sinus node or SA node. This keeps the heart...

Diseases & ConditionsStable anginaStable angina is chest pain or discomfort that most often occurs with activity or emotional stress. Angina is due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart. chest pain

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Diseases & ConditionsTricuspid regurgitationBlood that flows between different chambers of your heart must pass through a heart valve. These valves open up enough so that blood can flow through. They then close, keeping blood from flowing backward...

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Diseases & ConditionsUnstable anginaUnstable angina is a condition in which your heart doesn't get enough blood flow and oxygen. It may lead to a heart attack. Angina is a type of chest discomfort caused by poor blood flow through the blood...

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Diseases & ConditionsVascular ringVascular ring is an abnormal formation of the aorta, the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It is a congenital problem, which means it is present at birth.

Diseases & ConditionsVenous insufficiencyVenous insufficiency is a condition in which the veins have problems sending blood from the legs back to the heart.

Diseases & ConditionsVentricular tachycardiaVentricular tachycardia (VT) is a rapid heartbeat that starts in the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles).

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Diseases & ConditionsWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which there is an extra electrical pathway in the heart. The condition can lead to periods of rapid heart rate (tachycardia). tachycardia WPW syndrome...

Special TopicsAuscultationAuscultation is listening to the sounds of the body during a physical examination. physical examination

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Special TopicsBlood pressure monitors for homeYour health care provider may ask you to keep track of your blood pressure at home. To do this, you will need to get a home blood pressure monitor. The monitor you choose should be of good quality and fit...

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Special TopicsCardioversionCardioversion is a method to return an abnormal heart rhythm back to normal.

Special TopicsHeart and vascular servicesThe body's cardiovascular, or circulatory system, is made of the heart, blood, and blood vessels (arteries and veins). Heart and vascular services refers to the branch of medicine that focuses on the cardiovascular...

Special TopicsHeart disease - resourcesThe following organizations are good resources for information on heart disease: American Heart Association -- www.heart.orgCenters for Disease Control and Prevention -- www.cdc.gov/heartdisease American...

Special TopicsHeart disease and womenPeople often DO NOT consider heart disease a woman's disease. Yet cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of women over age 25. It kills nearly twice as many women in the United States as all types...

Special TopicsHigh blood pressure and dietMaking changes to your diet is a proven way to help control high blood pressure. These changes can also help you lose weight and lower your chance of heart disease and stroke. high blood pressure Your health...

Special TopicsHigh blood pressure medicinesTreating high blood pressure will help prevent problems such as heart disease, stroke, loss of eyesight, chronic kidney disease, and other blood vessel diseases. high blood pressure You may need to take...

Special TopicsThrombolytic drugs for heart attackSmall blood vessels called coronary arteries supply blood and oxygen to the heart. A heart attack can occur if a blood clot stops the flow of blood through one of these arteries.Unstable angina refers to...

Special TopicsThrombolytic therapyThrombolytic therapy is the use of drugs to break up or dissolve blood clots, which are the main cause of both heart attacks and stroke.

SurgeryAngioplasty and stent placement - carotid arteryThe blood vessels that bring blood to your brain and face are called the carotid arteries. You have a carotid artery on each side of your neck. The blood flow in this artery can become partly or totally...

SurgeryAngioplasty and stent placement - heartAngioplasty is a procedure to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. These blood vessels are called the coronary arteries. A coronary artery stent is a small, metal mesh...

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SurgeryCardiac ablation procedures Cardiac ablation is a procedure that is used to scar small areas in your heart that may be involved in your heart rhythm problems. This can prevent the abnormal electrical signals or rhythms from moving...

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SurgeryHeart pacemakerA pacemaker is a small, battery-operated device that senses when your heart is beating irregularly or too slowly. It sends a signal to your heart that makes your heart beat at the correct pace. irregularly...

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SurgeryImplantable cardioverter-defibrillatorAn implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a device that detects any life-threatening, rapid heartbeat. This abnormal heartbeat is called an arrhythmia. If it occurs, the ICD quickly sends an electrical...

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SurgeryVentricular assist deviceVentricular assist devices (VADs) help your heart pump blood from one of the main pumping chambers to the rest of your body or to the other side of the heart. These pumps are implanted in your body. In...

TestsApolipoprotein B100Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) is a protein that plays a role in moving cholesterol around your body. It is a form of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Mutations (changes) in apoB100 can cause a condition called...

TestsApolipoprotein CIIApolipoprotein CII (apoCII) is a protein found in large fat particles that the gastrointestinal tract absorbs. It is also found in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), which is made up of mostly triglycerides...

TestsArteriogramAn arteriogram is an imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see inside the arteries. It can be used to view arteries in the heart, brain, kidney, and other parts of the body. Related tests include...

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TestsBrain natriuretic peptide testBrain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test is a blood test that measures levels of a protein called BPN that is made by your heart and blood vessels. BNP levels are higher than normal when you have heart failure...

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TestsCardiac catheterizationCardiac catheterization involves passing a thin flexible tube (catheter) into the right or left side of the heart. The catheter is most often inserted from the groin or the arm.

TestsCoronary angiographyCoronary angiography is a procedure that uses a special dye (contrast material) and x-rays to see how blood flows through the arteries in your heart.

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TestsEchocardiogramAn echocardiogram is a test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart. The picture and information it produces is more detailed than a standard x-ray image. An echocardiogram does not expose...

TestsEchocardiogram - childrenAn echocardiogram is a test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart. It is used with children to help diagnose defects of the heart that are present at birth (congenital). The picture is more...

TestsElectrocardiogramAn electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart.

TestsExercise stress testAn exercise stress test is used to measure the effect of exercise on your heart.

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TestsHeart CT scanA computed tomography (CT) scan of the heart is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create detailed pictures of the heart and its blood vessels. This test is called a coronary calcium scan when it is...

TestsHeart PET scanA heart positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that uses a radioactive substance called a tracer to look for disease or poor blood flow in the heart. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging...

TestsHis bundle electrographyHis bundle electrography is a test that measures electrical activity in a part of the heart that carries the signals that control the time between heartbeats (contractions).

TestsHolter monitor (24h)A Holter monitor is a machine that continuously records the heart's rhythms. The monitor is worn for 24 to 48 hours during normal activity.

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TestsIntracardiac electrophysiology study (EPS)Intracardiac electrophysiology study (EPS) is a test to look at how well the heart's electrical signals are working. It is used to check for abnormal heartbeats or heart rhythms. heart rhythms

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TestsLeft heart catheterizationLeft heart catheterization is the passage of a thin flexible tube (catheter) into the left side of the heart. It is done to diagnose or treat certain heart problems.

TestsLeft heart ventricular angiographyLeft heart ventricular angiography is a procedure to look at the left-sided heart chambers and the function of the left-sided valves. It is sometimes combined with coronary angiography.

TestsLipoprotein-aLipoproteins are molecules made of proteins and fat. They carry cholesterol and similar substances through the blood. proteins A blood test can be done to measure a specific type of lipoprotein called lipoprotein...

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TestsMyocardial biopsyMyocardial biopsy is the removal of a small piece of heart muscle for examination.

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TestsNuclear ventriculographyNuclear ventriculography is a test that uses radioactive materials called tracers to show the heart chambers. The procedure is noninvasive. The instruments DO NOT directly touch the heart. noninvasive

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TestsPericardiocentesisPericardiocentesis is a procedure that uses a needle to remove fluid from the pericardial sac. This is the tissue that surrounds the heart.

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TestsRight heart ventriculographyRight heart ventriculography is a study that images the right chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the heart.

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TestsStress echocardiographyStress echocardiography is a test that uses ultrasound imaging to show how well your heart muscle is working to pump blood to your body. It is most often used to detect a decrease in blood flow to the heart...

TestsSwan-Ganz - right heart catheterizationSwan-Ganz catheterization is the passing of a thin tube (catheter) into the right side of the heart and the arteries leading to the lungs. It is done to monitor the heart's function and blood flow. This...

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TestsTriglyceride levelThe triglyceride level is a blood test to measure the amount of triglycerides in your blood. Triglycerides are a type of fat. Your body makes some triglycerides. Triglycerides also come from the food you...

TestsTroponin testA troponin test measures the levels troponin T or troponin I proteins in the blood. These proteins are released when the heart muscle has been damaged, such as occurs with a heart attack. The more damage...

Diseases & ConditionsAcute coronary syndromeAcute coronary syndrome is a term for any condition that suddenly stops (or severely reduces) blood from flowing to the heart. When blood cannot flow to the heart, the heart muscle can become damaged. Heart...

Diseases & ConditionsAnginaAngina is a type of chest discomfort or pain due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels (coronary vessels) of the heart muscle (myocardium). chest discomfort or pain There are different types of angina...

SurgeryAngioplasty and stent placement - carotid arteryThe blood vessels that bring blood to your brain and face are called the carotid arteries. You have a carotid artery on each side of your neck. The blood flow in this artery can become partly or totally...

SurgeryAngioplasty and stent placement - heartAngioplasty is a procedure to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. These blood vessels are called the coronary arteries. A coronary artery stent is a small, metal mesh...

Diseases & ConditionsAortic arch syndromeAortic arch syndrome refers to a group of signs and symptoms associated with structural problems in the arteries that branch off the aortic arch. The aortic arch is the top part of the main artery carrying...

Diseases & ConditionsAortic dissectionAortic dissection is a serious condition in which there is a tear in the wall of the major artery carrying blood out of the heart (aorta). As the tear extends along the wall of the aorta, blood can flow...

Diseases & ConditionsAortic insufficiencyAortic insufficiency is a heart valve disease in which the aortic valve does not close tightly. This allows blood to flow from the aorta (the largest blood vessel) into the left ventricle (a chamber of...

Diseases & ConditionsAortic stenosisThe aorta is the main artery that carries blood out of the heart to the rest of the body. Blood flows out of the heart and into the aorta through the aortic valve. In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve does...

Diseases & ConditionsAortopulmonary windowAortopulmonary window is a rare heart defect in which there is a hole connecting the major artery taking blood from the heart to the body (the aorta) and the one taking blood from the heart to the lungs...

TestsApolipoprotein B100Apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100) is a protein that plays a role in moving cholesterol around your body. It is a form of low density lipoprotein (LDL). Mutations (changes) in apoB100 can cause a condition called...

TestsApolipoprotein CIIApolipoprotein CII (apoCII) is a protein found in large fat particles that the gastrointestinal tract absorbs. It is also found in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), which is made up of mostly triglycerides...

Diseases & ConditionsArrhythmiasAn arrhythmia is a disorder of the heart rate (pulse) or heart rhythm. The heart can beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or irregularly. heart rate An arrhythmia can be harmless, a sign...

Diseases & ConditionsArterial embolismArterial embolism is a sudden interruption of blood flow to an organ or body part due to a clot (embolus) that has come from another part of the body.

TestsArteriogramAn arteriogram is an imaging test that uses x-rays and a special dye to see inside the arteries. It can be used to view arteries in the heart, brain, kidney, and other parts of the body. Related tests include...

Discharge InstructionsAtrial fibrillation - discharge You may have been in the hospital because you have atrial fibrillation. This condition occurs when your heart beats faster than normal or in an irregular way. You may have developed this problem while you...

Diseases & ConditionsAtrial fibrillation or flutterAtrial fibrillation or flutter is a common type of abnormal heartbeat. The heart rhythm is fast and most often irregular.

Diseases & ConditionsAtrial myxomaAn atrial myxoma is a noncancerous tumor in the upper left or right side of the heart. It most often grows on the wall that separates the two sides of the heart. This wall is called the atrial septum.

Diseases & ConditionsAtrial septal defect (ASD)Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a heart defect that is present at birth (congenital). As a baby develops in the womb, a wall (septum) forms that divides the upper chamber into a left and right atrium. An...

Special TopicsAuscultationAuscultation is listening to the sounds of the body during a physical examination. physical examination

Special TopicsBlood pressure monitors for homeYour health care provider may ask you to keep track of your blood pressure at home. To do this, you will need to get a home blood pressure monitor. The monitor you choose should be of good quality and fit...

TestsBrain natriuretic peptide testBrain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test is a blood test that measures levels of a protein called BPN that is made by your heart and blood vessels. BNP levels are higher than normal when you have heart failure...

Self-Care InstructionsButter, margarine, and cooking oilsWhen you cook, solid margarine or butter is not the best choice. Butter is high in saturated fat, which can raise your cholesterol. It can also increase your chance of heart disease. Most margarines have...

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SurgeryCardiac ablation procedures Cardiac ablation is a procedure that is used to scar small areas in your heart that may be involved in your heart rhythm problems. This can prevent the abnormal electrical signals or rhythms from moving...

Diseases & ConditionsCardiac amyloidosisCardiac amyloidosis is a disorder caused by deposits of an abnormal protein (amyloid) in the heart tissue. These deposits make it hard for the heart to work properly.

Diseases & ConditionsCardiac arrestCardiac arrest occurs when the heart suddenly stops beating. When this happens, blood flow to the brain and the rest of the body also stops. Cardiac arrest is a medical emergency. If it is not treated within...

TestsCardiac catheterizationCardiac catheterization involves passing a thin flexible tube (catheter) into the right or left side of the heart. The catheter is most often inserted from the groin or the arm.

Diseases & ConditionsCardiogenic shockCardiogenic shock is when the heart has been damaged so much that it is unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the body.

Diseases & ConditionsCardiomyopathyCardiomyopathy is disease in which the heart muscle becomes weakened, stretched, or has another structural problem. It often occurs when the heart cannot pump or function well. Most people with cardiomyopathy...

Special TopicsCardioversionCardioversion is a method to return an abnormal heart rhythm back to normal.

Discharge InstructionsCarotid artery surgery - dischargeYou had carotid artery surgery to restore proper blood flow to your brain. Your surgeon made an incision (cut) in your neck over your carotid artery. A tube was put in place for blood to flow around the...

SymptomsChest painChest pain is discomfort or pain that you feel anywhere along the front of your body between your neck and upper abdomen.

Diseases & ConditionsCoarctation of the aortaThe aorta carries blood from the heart to the vessels that supply the body with blood. If part of the aorta is narrowed, it is hard for blood to pass through the artery. This is called coarctation of the...

Diseases & ConditionsCoronary artery spasmThe coronary arteries supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Coronary artery spasm is a brief, sudden narrowing of one of these arteries.

Diseases & ConditionsCoronary heart diseaseCoronary heart disease is a narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is also called coronary artery disease.

Diseases & ConditionsCyanotic heart diseaseCyanotic heart disease refers to a group of many different heart defects that are present at birth (congenital). They result in a low blood oxygen level. Cyanosis refers to a bluish color of the skin and...

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Self-Care InstructionsDietary fats explainedFats are a type of nutrient that you get from your diet. It is essential to eat some fats, though it is also harmful to eat too many. The fats you eat give your body energy that it needs to work properly...

Diseases & ConditionsDigitalis toxicityDigitalis is a medicine that is used to treat certain heart conditions. Digitalis toxicity is a complication of digitalis therapy. It may occur when someone takes too much of the drug at one time. (This...

Diseases & ConditionsDilated cardiomyopathyCardiomyopathy is disease in which the heart muscle becomes weakened, stretched, or has another structural problem. Dilated cardiomyopathy is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes weakened and enlarged...

Diseases & ConditionsDouble inlet left ventricle Double inlet left ventricle (DILV) is a heart defect that is present from birth (congenital). It affects the valves and chambers of the heart. Babies born with this condition have only one working pumping...

Diseases & ConditionsDouble outlet right ventricle Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a heart disease that is present from birth (congenital). The aorta connects to the right ventricle (RV, the chamber of the heart that pumps oxygen-poor blood to the...

Diseases & ConditionsDrug-induced hypertensionDrug-induced hypertension is high blood pressure caused by using a chemical substance, drug, or medication. high blood pressure

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TestsEchocardiogramAn echocardiogram is a test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart. The picture and information it produces is more detailed than a standard x-ray image. An echocardiogram does not expose...

TestsEchocardiogram - childrenAn echocardiogram is a test that uses sound waves to create pictures of the heart. It is used with children to help diagnose defects of the heart that are present at birth (congenital). The picture is more...

Diseases & ConditionsEctopic heartbeatEctopic heartbeats are small changes in a heartbeat that is otherwise normal. These changes lead to extra or skipped heartbeats. Often there is not a clear cause for these changes. They are mostly harmless...

Diseases & ConditionsEisenmenger syndromeEisenmenger syndrome is a condition that affects blood flow from the heart to the lungs in some people who were born with structural problems of the heart.

TestsElectrocardiogramAn electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart.

Diseases & ConditionsEndocardial cushion defectEndocardial cushion defect (ECD) is an abnormal heart condition. The walls separating all 4 chambers of the heart are poorly formed or absent. Also, the valves separating the upper and lower chambers of...

Diseases & ConditionsEndocarditis - childrenThe inner lining of the heart chambers and heart valves is called the endocardium. Endocarditis occurs when this tissue becomes swollen or inflamed.

TestsExercise stress testAn exercise stress test is used to measure the effect of exercise on your heart.

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Diseases & ConditionsFamilial combined hyperlipidemiaFamilial combined hyperlipidemia is a disorder that is passed down through families. It causes high cholesterol and high blood triglycerides. high blood triglycerides

Diseases & ConditionsFamilial hypercholesterolemiaFamilial hypercholesterolemia is a disorder that is passed down through families. It causes LDL (bad) cholesterol level to be very high. The condition begins at birth and can cause heart attacks at an early...

Diseases & ConditionsFamilial hypertriglyceridemiaFamilial hypertriglyceridemia is a common disorder passed down through families. It causes a higher-than-normal level of triglycerides (a type of fat) in a person's blood. The condition is not linked to...

Self-Care InstructionsFast food tipsFast foods are quick and easy substitutes for home cooking. But fast foods are almost always high in calories, fat, sugar, and salt. Some restaurants still use hydrogenated vegetable oils for frying. These...

Diseases & ConditionsHardening of the arteriesHardening of the arteries, also called atherosclerosis, occurs when fat, cholesterol, and other substances build up in the walls of arteries. These deposits are called plaques. Over time, these plaques...

TestsHeart CT scanA computed tomography (CT) scan of the heart is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create detailed pictures of the heart and its blood vessels. This test is called a coronary calcium scan when it is...

TestsHeart PET scanA heart positron emission tomography (PET) scan is an imaging test that uses a radioactive substance called a tracer to look for disease or poor blood flow in the heart. Unlike magnetic resonance imaging...

Special TopicsHeart and vascular servicesThe body's cardiovascular, or circulatory system, is made of the heart, blood, and blood vessels (arteries and veins). Heart and vascular services refers to the branch of medicine that focuses on the cardiovascular...

Diseases & ConditionsHeart attackMost heart attacks are caused by a blood clot that blocks one of the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries bring blood and oxygen to the heart. If the blood flow is blocked, the heart is starved of oxygen...

Diseases & ConditionsHeart blockHeart block is a problem in the electrical signals in the heart. Normally, the heart beat starts in an area in the top chambers of the heart (atria). This area is the heart's pacemaker. The electrical signals...

Special TopicsHeart disease - resourcesThe following organizations are good resources for information on heart disease: American Heart Association -- www.heart.orgCenters for Disease Control and Prevention -- www.cdc.gov/heartdisease American...

Self-Care InstructionsHeart disease and intimacyIf you have had angina, heart surgery, or a heart attack, you may: Wonder if and when you can have sex againHave different feelings about having sex or being intimate with your partner Almost everyone with...

Special TopicsHeart disease and womenPeople often DO NOT consider heart disease a woman's disease. Yet cardiovascular disease is the leading killer of women over age 25. It kills nearly twice as many women in the United States as all types...

In-depth ReportHeart failure
An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of heart failure.

Diseases & ConditionsHeart failure - overviewHeart failure is a condition in which the heart is no longer able to pump oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body efficiently. This causes symptoms to occur throughout the body.

SymptomsHeart murmursA heart murmur is a blowing, whooshing, or rasping sound heard during a heartbeat. The sound is caused by turbulent (rough) blood flow through the heart valves or near the heart.

SurgeryHeart pacemakerA pacemaker is a small, battery-operated device that senses when your heart is beating irregularly or too slowly. It sends a signal to your heart that makes your heart beat at the correct pace. irregularly...

SymptomsHeart palpitationsPalpitations are feelings or sensations that your heart is pounding or racing. They can be felt in your chest, throat, or neck. You may: Have an unpleasant awareness of your own heartbeatFeel like your...

Discharge InstructionsHeart valve surgery - discharge You had surgery to repair or replace one of your heart valves. Your surgery may have been done through a large incision (cut) in the middle of your chest, through a smaller cut between 2 of your ribs, or...

In-depth ReportHeart-healthy dietAn in-depth report on how to build the best diet for your heart's health.

Diseases & ConditionsHigh blood cholesterol levelsCholesterol is a fat (also called a lipid) that your body needs to work properly. Too much bad cholesterol can increase your chance of getting heart disease, stroke, and other problems.
The medical term...

Diseases & ConditionsHigh blood pressureBlood pressure is a measurement of the force exerted against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood to your body. Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure. Blood pressure...

Special TopicsHigh blood pressure and dietMaking changes to your diet is a proven way to help control high blood pressure. These changes can also help you lose weight and lower your chance of heart disease and stroke. high blood pressure Your health...

Special TopicsHigh blood pressure medicinesTreating high blood pressure will help prevent problems such as heart disease, stroke, loss of eyesight, chronic kidney disease, and other blood vessel diseases. high blood pressure You may need to take...

TestsHis bundle electrographyHis bundle electrography is a test that measures electrical activity in a part of the heart that carries the signals that control the time between heartbeats (contractions).

TestsHolter monitor (24h)A Holter monitor is a machine that continuously records the heart's rhythms. The monitor is worn for 24 to 48 hours during normal activity.

Self-Care InstructionsHow to read food labelsFood labels tell you the nutrition facts about the foods you buy. Use the food labels to help you choose healthier foods.

Diseases & ConditionsHypertensive heart diseaseHypertensive heart disease refers to heart problems that occur because of high blood pressure that is present over a long time.

Diseases & ConditionsHypertrophic cardiomyopathyHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition in which the heart muscle becomes thick. Often, only 1 part of the heart is thicker than the other parts. The thickening can make it harder for blood to...

SurgeryImplantable cardioverter-defibrillatorAn implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is a device that detects any life-threatening, rapid heartbeat. This abnormal heartbeat is called an arrhythmia. If it occurs, the ICD quickly sends an electrical...

TestsIntracardiac electrophysiology study (EPS)Intracardiac electrophysiology study (EPS) is a test to look at how well the heart's electrical signals are working. It is used to check for abnormal heartbeats or heart rhythms. heart rhythms

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TestsLeft heart catheterizationLeft heart catheterization is the passage of a thin flexible tube (catheter) into the left side of the heart. It is done to diagnose or treat certain heart problems.

TestsLeft heart ventricular angiographyLeft heart ventricular angiography is a procedure to look at the left-sided heart chambers and the function of the left-sided valves. It is sometimes combined with coronary angiography.

TestsLipoprotein-aLipoproteins are molecules made of proteins and fat. They carry cholesterol and similar substances through the blood. proteins A blood test can be done to measure a specific type of lipoprotein called lipoprotein...

Diseases & ConditionsMitral stenosisMitral stenosis is a disorder in which the mitral valve does not fully open. This restricts the flow of blood.

Diseases & ConditionsMitral valve prolapseMitral valve prolapse is a heart problem involving the mitral valve, which separates the upper and lower chambers of the left side of the heart. In this condition, the valve does not close normally.

Diseases & ConditionsMitral valve regurgitationMitral regurgitation is a disorder in which the mitral valve on the left side of the heart does not close properly. Regurgitation means leaking from a valve that does not close all the way.

Diseases & ConditionsMultifocal atrial tachycardiaMultifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is a rapid heart rate. It occurs when too many signals (electrical impulses) are sent from the upper heart (atria) to the lower heart (ventricles). rapid heart rate

TestsMyocardial biopsyMyocardial biopsy is the removal of a small piece of heart muscle for examination.

Diseases & ConditionsMyocarditisMyocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle. The condition is called pediatric myocarditis when it occurs in children. pediatric myocarditis

TestsNuclear ventriculographyNuclear ventriculography is a test that uses radioactive materials called tracers to show the heart chambers. The procedure is noninvasive. The instruments DO NOT directly touch the heart. noninvasive

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Diseases & ConditionsParoxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is episodes of rapid heart rate that start in a part of the heart above the ventricles. "Paroxysmal" means from time to time. rapid heart rate

Discharge InstructionsPeripheral artery bypass - leg - discharge You had peripheral artery bypass surgery to re-route the blood supply around a blocked artery in one of your legs. Your surgeon made an incision (cut) over the area where the artery was blocked. This may...

Diseases & ConditionsPulmonary edemaPulmonary edema is an abnormal buildup of fluid in the lungs. This buildup of fluid leads to shortness of breath.

SymptomsPulse - boundingA bounding pulse is a strong throbbing felt over one of the arteries in the body. It is due to a forceful heartbeat. pulse

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Diseases & ConditionsRestrictive cardiomyopathyRestrictive cardiomyopathy refers to a set of changes in how the heart muscle functions. These changes cause the heart to fill poorly (more common) or squeeze poorly (less common). Sometimes, both problems...

TestsRight heart ventriculographyRight heart ventriculography is a study that images the right chambers (atrium and ventricle) of the heart.

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Diseases & ConditionsSick sinus syndromeNormally, the heartbeat starts in an area in the top chambers of the heart (atria). This area is the heart's pacemaker. It may be called the sinoatrial node, sinus node or SA node. This keeps the heart...

Diseases & ConditionsStable anginaStable angina is chest pain or discomfort that most often occurs with activity or emotional stress. Angina is due to poor blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart. chest pain

TestsStress echocardiographyStress echocardiography is a test that uses ultrasound imaging to show how well your heart muscle is working to pump blood to your body. It is most often used to detect a decrease in blood flow to the heart...

TestsSwan-Ganz - right heart catheterizationSwan-Ganz catheterization is the passing of a thin tube (catheter) into the right side of the heart and the arteries leading to the lungs. It is done to monitor the heart's function and blood flow. This...

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Self-Care InstructionsTaking warfarin (Coumadin)Warfarin is a medicine that makes your blood less likely to form clots. This may be important if: You have already had blood clots in your leg, arm, heart, or brain.Your health care provider is worried...

Special TopicsThrombolytic drugs for heart attackSmall blood vessels called coronary arteries supply blood and oxygen to the heart. A heart attack can occur if a blood clot stops the flow of blood through one of these arteries.Unstable angina refers to...

Special TopicsThrombolytic therapyThrombolytic therapy is the use of drugs to break up or dissolve blood clots, which are the main cause of both heart attacks and stroke.

Diseases & ConditionsTricuspid regurgitationBlood that flows between different chambers of your heart must pass through a heart valve. These valves open up enough so that blood can flow through. They then close, keeping blood from flowing backward...

TestsTriglyceride levelThe triglyceride level is a blood test to measure the amount of triglycerides in your blood. Triglycerides are a type of fat. Your body makes some triglycerides. Triglycerides also come from the food you...

TestsTroponin testA troponin test measures the levels troponin T or troponin I proteins in the blood. These proteins are released when the heart muscle has been damaged, such as occurs with a heart attack. The more damage...

Diseases & ConditionsUnstable anginaUnstable angina is a condition in which your heart doesn't get enough blood flow and oxygen. It may lead to a heart attack. Angina is a type of chest discomfort caused by poor blood flow through the blood...

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Diseases & ConditionsVascular ringVascular ring is an abnormal formation of the aorta, the large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body. It is a congenital problem, which means it is present at birth.

Diseases & ConditionsVenous insufficiencyVenous insufficiency is a condition in which the veins have problems sending blood from the legs back to the heart.

SurgeryVentricular assist deviceVentricular assist devices (VADs) help your heart pump blood from one of the main pumping chambers to the rest of your body or to the other side of the heart. These pumps are implanted in your body. In...

Diseases & ConditionsVentricular tachycardiaVentricular tachycardia (VT) is a rapid heartbeat that starts in the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles).

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Diseases & ConditionsWolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW)Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a condition in which there is an extra electrical pathway in the heart. The condition can lead to periods of rapid heart rate (tachycardia). tachycardia WPW syndrome...