Neck Fracture

Definition

A neck fracture is a break in one or more of the seven cervical bones. The vertebrae are the bones that make up the spine. The cervical vertebrae in the neck are labeled C1-C7. They protect the spinal cord, support the neck, and allow for movement.

Head or other traumatic injury, such as severe chest trauma, pelvic or femur fractures

Violence

Symptoms

A neck fracture is very serious and can lead to paralysis or possibly death. A person with a neck injury should not be moved without competent medical care, which is needed immediately.

Neck fracture may cause:

Severe pain

Swelling and possible bruising

Tenderness

Decreased feeling in the arms or legs

Muscle weakness or paralysis of the arms or legs

Diagnosis

You will most likely be taken to a hospital. The doctor will ask about your symptoms, physical activity, and how the injury occurred. The doctor will examine the injured area and perform a complete neurological exam.

Imaging tests evaluate the spine and surrounding structures. These may include:

Treatment

Neck fractures are serious injuries that can lead to paralysis or death. Call for medical help right away.

Immobilize and Stabilize the Injury

When there is a possibility of a neck fracture, immediate and complete immobilization of the head and neck area is necessary. Avoid excessive movement to prevent or minimize spinal cord injury. For athletes, it is recommended to keep the helmet and shoulder pads on while immobilizing the spine.

Once immobilized, you will be assessed for any other problems, such as secondary injuries, shock, or airway obstruction. Stabilizing your injury may include:

A breathing tube for a blocked airway

IV fluids

Admission to the hospital for monitoring

Intial Care

Once you are stabilized and assessed, your course of treatment will depend on:

The severity of the fracture

Which of the cervical bones are broken

Which part of the cervical bones are broken

Whether there is temporary or permanent spinal cord or nerve injury

Treatment options for neck fracture include:

Neck brace or collar—Minor fractures can be treated with a neck brace or collar for up to 8 weeks. These devices will keep your neck in line while it heals.

Traction—Rigid braces or a halo vest worn for up to 12 weeks can be used to treat more severe or unstable fractures. Traction allows for minimal movement beyond what is necessary.

Surgery—Plates, screws, or wires may be needed to reconnect bone pieces and hold them in place. Surgery may also be needed to repair vertebrae, relieve pressure on the spinal cord, or remove any damaged vertebral discs.

Overall recovery time depends on whether or not you have any permanent injuries. Physical therapy and rehabilitation can last for months or years.

Hospitalization

People with neck fractures usually need to stay in the hospital. Serious injuries may need to be watched in an intensive care unit. Some people with neck fractures need to have help breathing. A tube is inserted and mechanical ventilation is used to protect and assist breathing.

Medications

You may need the following:

Pain medication

Antibiotics if an infection is present or possible

Rest and Recovery

Healing time varies by age and your overall health. Children and people in better overall health heal faster. In general, it may take several weeks to several months for a neck fracture to heal.

As you recover, you may be referred to physical therapy to keep your muscles strong. Do not return to activities or sports until your doctor gives you permission to do so.

It is possible that you may have permanent damage or paralysis even if your neck heals. If this is the case, you will need long-term rehabilitation.

Long-term Rehabilitation

A neck fracture can sometimes result in spinal cord and nerve injury and paralysis. This may require major life changes, involving work, family, and social life. Extensive rehabilitation may be required, including occupational therapy, psychotherapy, or support groups.

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.