People the world over have always built structures using local materials at the lowest cost. Technology tends to give us innovation at the expense of energy-intensive manufacture, distant sources and often the highest cost affordable. These contrasts do nothing for a sustainable future or sensible use of what are often limited resources. The simple house we live in a garage or garden shed is a useful example to explore.

A mud construction is possibly the most sustainable construction, rather like using the local cave, but moving it to where you want it. Labour intensive work will produce a modern and well insulated construction, while straw or other plant material would be used for strength and lime has been used to apply a kind of plaster internally. Electricity and piping require regulated manufactured products and drainage could either be within a local scheme, a simple septic tank or a more advanced activated sludge system. Palm leaf, hemp, recycled rubber, textiles, cork, adobe, bamboo, hay and straw have also been utilised as the major construct.

Apart from finding help with the labour intensive bits, strong, durable buildings can easily be made with these materials. Recent research can be located and the internet is possibly a major source of information on how efficient these structures are, compared with traditional housing. Environmentally friendly materials can easily be replaced or you can even build another one, if for example, the family expanded.

Toxicity of sustainable material is always checked by national regulations, but there is little danger of approaching the toxic levels of more modern inventions such as the common battery, lead in paint, asbestos insulation or the other common mistakes that have been made so often in the construction business.

The walls and the roof are covered here. The floor furniture and pipework are now being studied to find new functions for old materials, cheap alternatives and sustainable sources that dont cause global warming - they just keep you cosy! Many websites will tell you all about the fantastic possibilities, but well keep our feet on the ground and respond on our Facebook page to any enquiry that we can answer. Information of the type you might need is in - Sustainable materials.

Meanwhile well continue at Earth Times with a short series on how solar and wind power could be employed for electrical energy, using bought products, and buildings can be made, by you, to your personal requirements, using the ideas noted above!

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Quantification of the iconic polar bears fate is important as the ice melts ever more readily. Here is the real story we can expect as we struggle to conserve all the species we can, while the world warms inexorably.

One great devil ray species (Mobula mobular) was doing well in the Mediterranean Sea last year, but it is still classed as endangered, whether in Gaza or migrating to the Tuscan Sea. As it isnt a food item, this probably saves it from the fate of its smaller relatives. They are disappearing fast, and there has been little effort at conservation.

When we lose so many animals and plants from South America, often as soon as they are discovered as new species. It is consoling to discover such an animal that seems to be looking after itself, in secondary forest, and with hopes of recovery from population loss. Of course, some smart new conservation effort may be required in the form of forest regeneration and afforestation ----- !

When dolphins are 'rescued' in various countries, the car given seems to be ill-considered. We are simply looking at the success rate which is reported to be low, in most places. They could even end up in commercial aquarium shows, but they certainly rarely make it back to the sea.