Geographic Information System (GIS

A geographic information system (GIS) is a computer system for capturing, storing, querying, analysing, and displaying geospatial data. Geospatial data describe both the location and characteristics of spatial features. A GIS comprises the components of hardware, software, data, people, and organization. Prompted by the introduction of PCs and graphical user interfaces, GIS flourished in the 1980s. Now GIS is a crucial tool in resource management, emergency planning, crime analysis, public health, land records management, precision farming, and many other fields. Geospatial data are spatially referenced and can be either vector or raster.

Common GIS operations include data acquisition, data management, data demand, vector data analysis, raster data analysis, and data display. An important tendency is the integration of desktop GIS, web GIS, and mobile technology, which has already led to the development of location-based services, collaborative web-mapping, and volunteered geographic information. Simple statistical techniques may not adequately assess the multidimensional nature of habitats used by wildlife. It aimed at the evaluation of the hazard of soil erosion and its verification at Bourn, Korea, using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing. Precipitation, topographic, soil, and land use data were collected, processed, and constructed into a spatial database using GIS and remote sensing data. Areas that had suffered soil erosion were analysed and mapped using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE).