They are large (up to 3 cm), fast-flying bees, distinguished from the closely related genus Epicharis by the absence of long, whip-like setae that project backwards from just behind the eyes. They are commonly encountered bees in American deserts, and are active at very high ambient temperatures when many other species are in hiding. They can often be seen in large numbers on desert-willow (Chilopsis) and palo verde (Parkinsonia) blossoms. Bees of this genus are of some economical significance in pollinating crops such as Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa) and Cashew (Anacardium occidentale, pollinated by C. tarsata among others).
There is a size correlation which determines whether males become patrollers or hoverers. Patrollers tend to be larger so that they can better protect and copulate with emerging females. Smaller males are usually unable to compete as well, and so have to make the best out of a bad situation; thus, they become hoverers. Each group has a different set of behaviors. The patrollers move over a large space containing many other patrollers. Usually, patrollers will frequent the same spots over the course of their lives. Since the area is so large, the cost to defend it against other patrollers would be much greater than the potential mating benefits, so the patrollers show very little territoriality.[11] Patroller males will usually only fight when a breeding female is near. In contrast, each hoverer stakes out an area of about one meter in diameter. These areas don’t overlap with other hoverers. Any fast moving object (i.e. bee, dragonfly, leaf, etc.) that enters a territory will be quickly chased. The chase allows the male bee to determine if a female is unmated, or if an enemy male is in his territory. If it is a male bee, the territory owner will chase it out, but not beyond the boundary of the territory. What is interesting is that every day (or even every several hours) the territory holder will abandon the area to establish a new zone. Often the male will never return to the vacated area, and it will be taken over by another male. This shows that hoverers show a low site tendency but strong territoriality.[11] A balanced ratio of patrollers to hoverers is maintained, and thus, this ratio is an evolutionary stable strategy. If more males become patrollers, then the hoverers will benefit from the reduced competition, and the hoverers' genes will spread until the stable ratio is returned to. The same thing will happen if more males become hoverers.
Saviez-vous que le réseau RE/MAX regroupe près de 20 % des courtiers immobiliers du Québec5 et qu'il est responsable de la vente de presque la moitié des propriétés inscrites dans la province 6 ? C'est certainement ce qui permet à RE/MAX d'être la seule bannière du secteur immobilier à figurer sur la liste des 30 entreprises les plus admirées des Québécois, selon Léger Marketing et le journal Les Affaires.
Saviez-vous que le réseau RE/MAX regroupe près de 20 % des courtiers immobiliers du Québec5 et qu'il est responsable de la vente de presque la moitié des propriétés inscrites dans la province 6 ? C'est certainement ce qui permet à RE/MAX d'être la seule bannière du secteur immobilier à figurer sur la liste des 30 entreprises les plus admirées des Québécois, selon Léger Marketing et le journal Les Affaires.
Pas nécessaire. Une pelouse à 7 cm n'a pas besoin d'arrosage avant la fin juin. S'il n'y a pas de pluie pendant 7 à 10 jours, arroser profondément. Si la pelouse a un aspect bleuté et qu'elle laisse des empreintes de pieds : elle commence à se faner. Elle entre en période de dormance : ne pas arroser, elle reviendra verte à l'automne. Si vous voulez la garder verte : arroser de 2 à 4 heures pour y laisser 2,5 à 5 cm d'eau. En cas de sécheresse, arroser régulièrement si possible, mais ne pas arroser l'après-midi ou par temps venteux à cause d'une perte en eau par évaporation. Évitez un arrosage léger de 15 minutes : il crée des racines superficielles qui n'ont pas accès à la couche d'eau du sous-sol. Sol sablonneux : arroser 2 fois par semaine. Pas d'arrosage, à moins que les pluies ne tardent à venir.
Chaque propriétaire d'une résidence du projet Carré Mi-Vallon, s'engage à planter au moins un arbre par deux cents mètres carrés (200,0 m. car.) de superficie de terrain acquis, dont un arbre doit obligatoirement être en façade de la résidence. L'essence de cet arbre est laissée à la discrétion de l'acheteur. Cependant les arbres devront avoir une circonférence de 1 ½ pouce minimum et une hauteur minimale se situant entre 6 et 8 pieds.

Larger females are able to better control the size of their offspring. As stated in the Life Cycle section, more bee bread leads to larger offspring. Larger females are able to gather more pollen and nectar in a shorter amount of time when compared to smaller females. This means that during rich conditions, the larger females can have larger offspring with greater fitness, or if conditions are poor, the females can simply choose to have smaller offspring. There is a lower limit to how small offspring can be, and thus, smaller females can’t make this reduction or increase in size in response to the environment. Smaller females are still able to exist since larger females can’t take advantage of having larger offspring when the density of nesting grounds is low.[12] To put it another way, larger male offspring are less effective in low density nesting grounds since they don’t have as many opportunities to use their size to fight off other males; thus, in low density nesting grounds, small and large males have similar fitness which means that the extra bee bread which the larger male received served no purpose. Smaller males actually do better in low density areas because they don’t have to fight with larger males as much, and by extension, expend less energy. This lack of a reason to produce larger offspring reduces the fitness of the larger females since they have to dig larger tunnels to fit in, but still produce the same size offspring as smaller females.[12]

Centris pallida are located in dry, hot environments of North America. Specifically, they are in Arizona, Nevada, southern California, New Mexico, and western Mexico.[4] They are a very common bee (especially in Arizona), and are thus classified as Least Concern in terms of conservation.[5] The fur and dark colored exoskeleton allow the bees to survive the cold nights in the desert. During the daytime, C. pallida are almost completely inactive, hiding in shade or in burrows to prevent overheating.[6]
This bee is black and densely covered in a grey pubescence or fur on the dorsal side. The thorax fur has a slightly yellow color. The legs have a mixture of black and reddish fur. The ventral side of the bee is covered in a brownish or dark yellow fur. The wings are fairly transparent except for the black veins that run through them. Males and females are similar in size at about 16–17 millimeters. Males have eyes more yellow in color, and their thorax fur is lighter. Females have eyes more green in color, and their thorax fur is more brown than grey.[3]
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