..There are few data from systematic, double-blind clinical trials that have compared the effect of the typical and the atypical antipsychotics on serum prolactin (PRL) levels in patients with schizophrenia...

Association of clozapine-induced weight gain with a polymorphism in the leptin promoter region in patients with chronic schizophrenia in a Chinese population

..004, r(2) = 0.16), but not in female patients (P > 0.05). Thus, variation in the leptin gene may be a risk factor for weight gain in male patients with schizophrenia on long-term clozapine treatment...

..Our findings indicated decreased BDNF serum levels in chronic patients with schizophrenia, which may be related to clinical phenotypes, including gender, antipsychotic treatment and the severity of psychotic symptoms...

Changes in serum interleukin-2, -6, and -8 levels before and during treatment with risperidone and haloperidol: relationship to outcome in schizophrenia

..Heroin use and withdrawal cause abnormality in the endocrine system. However, the time course of neuroendocrine alterations in heroin addicts during pharmacologically unassisted withdrawal is still unclear...

..This immune disturbance is related to the subgroup of schizophrenic patients with characteristic clinical variables. The dysfunction of interaction or inter-adjustment between different cytokines may exist in schizophrenic patients...

The effect of risperidone treatment on superoxide dismutase in schizophrenia

..The limitations of this study are the measurement of SOD levels by RIA rather than biochemical assay; the 2-week washout, which may not be adequate; and the measurement of only SOD enzyme and not the other antioxidant enzymes...

..05). These results support earlier findings of the efficacy of vitamin E in the treatment of TD. Moreover, the efficacy of vitamin E may be due to its ability to increase SOD level, which may reduce oxidative injure in tardive dyskinesia...

Decreased BDNF in serum of patients with chronic schizophrenia on long-term treatment with antipsychotics

..Thus, an interaction between cytokines and neurotrophic factors may be implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic schizophrenia. In particular, the cytokine TNF-α may interact with BNDF causing cognitive impairment. ..

..There was no significant difference in either study between EGb761 and vitamin E treatment. EGb761 shows promise for the prevention and treatment of TD in a rat model with a magnitude that was similar to that of vitamin E...

The interplay between BDNF and oxidative stress in chronic schizophrenia

..However, the findings should be regarded as preliminary due to the cross-sectional design and our chronic patients, which need replication in a first-episode and drug naïve patients using a longitudinal study. ..

..Our results suggest that decreased BDNF may play an important role in the pathophysiology of TD. There may be a relationship between decreased BDNF levels and dyskinetic movements associated with TD...

..This is the first study to examine the neurocognitive consequences of cigarette smoking combined with chronic alcohol consumption and their relationship to serum BDNF levels in a Chinese Han population...

Association of the manganese superoxide dismutase gene Ala-9Val polymorphism with age of smoking initiation in male schizophrenia smokers

..05). These results implicated that TD patients suffered greater oxidative stress and cognitive dysfunction than non-TD patients. Oxidative stress could contribute to both TD development and cognitive impairment...

..Our data support the view that free radicals may be involved in the pathophysiology of TD. There may exist a relationship between the free radical metabolism and the severity of dyskinesia of TD patients...

..Our findings suggest that the IL-1beta-511C/T polymorphism may not be related to schizophrenia or smoking status in Chinese individuals, but may affect the severity of nicotine dependence among male smokers with schizophrenia. ..

..The results supported that immune disturbance is related to the schizophrenia patients, especially to the patients with TD and ILs might play an important role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia patients with TD. ..

..These results suggest that Chinese inpatients with schizophrenia attempt suicide more often than the general population. Further, some demographic and clinical variables are risk factors for suicide attempts in schizophrenia. ..

The interaction of polymorphisms of IL10 and DBH was associated with general symptoms of PANSS with TD in Chinese Han schizophrenic patients

..The present study investigated whether these variations and their interaction were associated with clinical phenotypes of TD with schizophrenia in a genetically homogeneous northern Chinese Han population...

..The collection of articles in this special section will contribute to providing more efficacious treatments arising from a better appreciation of the roles of oxidative stress in these psychiatric disorders. ..

Serum cortisol secretion during heroin abstinence is elevated only nocturnally

..Our results show that individuals taking clozapine performed worse in immediate and delayed memory than those taking typical APDs, but exemplified better language performance than those taking risperidone. ..

Effects of early postnatal sibling deprivation on anxiety and vulnerability to cocaine in offspring rats

..Our results suggest that variation in the BDNF gene may be a risk factor for weight gain in male patients with schizophrenia on long-term antipsychotic treatment, and decreased BDNF levels may be associated with weight gain in females...

..07-1.71; Genotype, chi2=6.85, d.f.=2, p=0.033). Our results indicate a small but significant contribution of the IL3RA polymorphism to susceptibility to schizophrenia, suggesting that the IL3 pathway may be involved in schizophrenia...