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f c"r'tv . s^s the carolina watchman vol ix third series salisbury n c july 4 1878 no 37 from the n v observer the english people tlil bh i asd pooh the kobxe and ignoble royalty americana going abroad do not give ; timeenough to england it is so small tbey think to run over it in a few days j ami then g t the < ontiiiciit but coun ! tries like people are not to be judged by their size the most precious things come j i small panels it is worth a voyage across the atlantic to have a month iu london and at the end of a month the study of that city is only just begun very few americans have sufficient knowl edge ofthe languages of the continent to make travel there as pleasant and useful as it is ina country where one's own is spoken loterr-onrse with the people es pecially with w hat are called the common people ifl one of the greatest advantages and pleasures of foreign travel the rich have substantially the same things every where they enjoy themselves as they please for money answereth all tilings hut to see and know bow the not rich live uliat comfort ihey have and what they puffer lo learu the bome-life of the great illiw!j ofa people in any country is a mat ter of intense iuterest t me who loves hi fellow men to get at this you must talk with the people as you meet them ou the wav or see them at their work or whit i bettei r-t ill at their own homes and the mosi painful relied ion i have in knglaud <â€¢< â€¢â– â– * from the vast gulf be tween the very rich and the very poor the extremes of life come into such coii trasf is to make one doubt the brother i i of man we over there with our republican notions of equality and it is ven hard for us lo reconcile this contrast with the doctrine of commou humanity not to say christianity in scotland the most religious couutry in the world the land is owned by the smallest number of people in proportion to the whole and lhe poverty of many who tend the flocks | ui till the land ot the rich is something that we know nothing of in our country and we wonder as we wander in the i midsl of such institutions that the world's j progress makes so little change from gen i ration to generation in the condition of the industrious poor the laws of entail ' i lie rights of prouiogenitiire ami au es i lalilished church aie great social arrange i i : i w i.-1 perpetuate certain <â€¢â€¢. i!s from \ . i . . ] i we are happily freed to these evils maj lie added the conic principle \. hich prevail in england ;â€¢.< well as i:i ; india the distinction between the uo i ilitjt ami common elass is greater than we can believe il lo be until wc sec nnd feel its practical power because wealth is so largely concentrated and perpetuated in the nobility and poverty so exclusively prevails among the lower orders the bond of sympathy is not strong betweeu them uud the misery of the low does not re ceive as it ought the notice and relief of flic upper classes hence the extremes remain uiichaged and will indefinitely the innate reverence of rank is to an a merican inconceivable we go to the other extreme and affect a contempt for position and character on the bad prin ciple of holding om man to be as good as another lie is not there is a mighty deal of difference among men one is often entitled to far more respect thau bis neigh bor and we worship the aristocracy of wealth which oftentimes is far meaner than that of birth we prefer with good reason our elective power of government nnd we ridicule the idea of making the office of presidenl hereditary but in the course ofa hundred years we might get as lew had men and weak men in our high est chair of state if we trained the oldest son of the president to succeed him so iih a chair of mathematics iu college we often make mistakes in the choice of presidents and professors there is some tiling to he said on bolh sides of the hereditary question bat the reverence of the english mind for royalty is a positive entertainment to us untutored savages from the wilderness ladies and gentlemen will attend au ex hibition or anniversary or public meet ing of any kind and give their money freely to the object if some one of the royal family is engaged to be present and give the light of his or her countenance the nearer to the head of the family the greater the honor of course but to hare the remotest tinge of royal blood ud text to that to be of noble birth is wi attraction that brings thousands into thesu.iporl of a cause from which thev would tun away it it were not under the patronage of the higher order it is impossible to convey by words the depth u'*l breadth of this homage to nobility ii d royalty and it is not without it's tped uses lt is certainly better than a ut of respect for those who are called â€¢Â«' rule or to teach there is in england lid base of society which indicates permauei ce life and property are safer ll,lt '>'*'â€¢' here the subject is not plnn 1 by law as theciiizen is robbed here 1 requires courage to hold real estate iu 6 country for one does not know by what legerdemain of legislation its value w.v be destryed gradually we shall jÂ°n*e to understand these things letter ' Â»' the meantime it is not wise to ink ot ourselves more highly than we sh to think let us willingly learn that some other people have many things by which we could learu if we only would they have more poverty arid social suffering more intemperance in drink ing more ignorance and vice in england aud scotland than we have among our native population the infusion of the foreign element into our socioul economy makes it impossible to compare the ef fects of our institutions with those of the old world if with the tremendous load to carry of german and irish immigration we are able to challenge the contrast as it is what would onr country be if we were ns unified iu our traditions habits and religion as the people of england are . i saw much in the manners and customs of english people that might be held up for imitation but what is the use of speaking of it . is the average american mind open to instruction by any other people or tongue under tbe whole heav en and shall i not lie set down as un patriotic and a snobbish if 1 venture to eulogize england the english f even so but that does not alter the fact i do not want to change our political or religious institutions they are the result of the ripest experience and the concentrated wisdom of preceding ages but as in re forming the church from romanism the leaders rejected some good things for the sake of casting out more that wus evil so we in our revolution have revolved so far as to regard our own ways the only good ways and all that we left liehind us as positively evil and intolerable the more communion we have with england the b tter we will esteem the people and tl eii institutions if happiness were an object which it is not it were just as easy to find it in old england as in new england yorkshire as in new york there is more and higher culture iu the fields and iu the homes of the wealthy english than in any other coun try among people ofthe same social class and to mingle with intelligent english people in their tight little isle is one of the highest pleasures of foreign travel they are not accessible they have a reserve which they suppose to be dignity they get it from the existence of an ar istocracy and every man whether born into the charmed circle or not wishes to be exclusive that he may appear unto rn n to be something more than he is but that reserve melts iu a miuute when he conns into social coutai t v itl a broth el in a n lj is a foible of englishmen as familiarity is a fault of our people an english gentleman introduced him self to me t the hotel where we met ami the few hours of my stay were made very pleasant by his agreeable company learning that i was to visit the part of the county in which was his resi dence he insisted upon my going to his house though he would uot be there that his family might have the pleasure ivc and he made a point of it wrote to his family that 1 was coming and when i called for a moment at the door i was received as a friend aud they were posi tively disappointed when i declined to slay and enjoy their hospitality such is not an insulated case another english gentleman did just the same thing these are in proof that behind that thick coat of dignified reserve there are just as wai in genial and generous souls among englishmen as in every other laud where christian civilization reigns ii.en'.llts the colored solicitor the bepublicans of the judicial district met iu convention at tarboro vesterdav and nominated a colored mau for solici tor j ii collins the nominee is a colored briefless lawyer he has had license some three or four years but it is not remem bered that he ever had a case ; has not practiced the profession of the law nor much attempted to but has devoted him self to school teaching he may be said to bo utterly without capacity for the po sition of prosecuting officer and his nom ination is an insult to the dignity of jus tice and a flagrant outrage ou the majes ty of the law â€” ral news personal â€” gov and mrs vance ar rived in the city yesterday morning iu a through car by the hamlet connection mrs vance stood the journey quite well and was feeling somewhat brighter during the day the governor expects to re main in raleigh but a small part of the summer he will carry mrs vance furth er west probably remaining most of the summer about morganton in the mean time lt-gov jarvis will come up to ral eigh and discharge the duties of the ex ecutive oiiice gov vance making a trip once a week to the capital â€” charlotte ob server another three-legged wisconsin baby boy has just arrived carpenter aud howe had better hurry up their senato rial race before this youngster so ex ceptionally gifted iu legs pushes up to manhood washington poet the editor who has recently visited the new england states says that neither at yale nor harvard did he see any colored students nor was the african brother vis ible in the churches of the white people nor could he trace the existence of any colored statesmen iu the six new england legislatures scientific miscellany a new flying machine the first open air exhibition of prof c f mitchell's flying machine was conduct ed at hartford conn on wednesday af ternoon june 12 it went up to a beigbt of fully two hundred and fifty feet past the spire of the colt memorial church and sailed off until over the connecticut river the operator meanwhile exhibiting his power to change its altitude and direc tion at will when he ascended there was but little wind blowing and the ma chine appeared to be under perfect control but gradually a breeze sprang up and it was deemed safest to make a speedy re turn as there were indications in the sky of a gathering storm the machiue turn ed and made its way back in the teeth of the wind uutil directly over the ball ground whence it had ascended and then alighted within a few feet of the point from which it had started from this demonstration of its capaci ty it was generally conceived that it could do much more than its modest inventor claimed for it he never expected it to move against a wind of any strength and has not had the attainment of that end in view iu its construction as may readily be seen by a glance at its proportions but he does claim that it can be raised or low ered at will to leave adverse currents and enter favorable ones ; that it can be made to tack so as to ell'ect a little headway against a breeze and that iu a still atmos phere it can lie moved about as readily and perfectly at the will of the operator as a boat can be moved upon quiet water all that and even a little more there is abundant evidence of its having done on wednesday the iuventer ilr ri.cl.ell is a maine man but has during several years past lived at corry pa the project of con structing a flying machine has been a fa vorite subject for contemplation with him during nearly ten years past and for the last seven of that time he and his friend mr av ii lyman of corry pa have in cubated his idea together in november 1870 they went to bridgeport conn to put their plans into execution as they be lieved they could there obtain most read ily just the peculiar materials they requir ed and have them put together in the most pei feet manner tiieir confidence in yankee resources and skill was not inis phtced but their crude ideas were not immediately erystalized iutou perfect ma chine nevertheless iu the first apparatus which they con structed some parts were too heavy oth ers too large and there was an ineffectual application of power then a second onc was built that now upon exhibition and though it cannot be said to be so far per fected as to be capable of application to practical service such as serving a mail route or even as it popular vehicle for travel it is still of very great importance as proving the correctness of the theories upon which it was based mr ritchell took it to the permanaut exhibition at philadelphia may 10 1877 and succeed ed in effectually concealing it from pub lic knowledge for a long time now he has put it into uie proper course for either securing its development or making it a pioneer for other inventors in this branch of science the flying machine is all clumsiness above all lightucss aud grace below the lifting power is afforded by a horizontally placed cylinder of gossamer cloth fine linen coated with india rubber twenty feet in length and thirteen in diameter weighing only sixty-six pounds and charged with hydrogen gas which is made bj the usual process from iron turnings aud sulphuric acid broad worsted bands extend over that and down to a rod of mandrel drawn brass tubing nickel plat ed 1 _ inch in diameter and 23 feet long from that rod the machine is suspended by slender cords the after portion of the machine i.s at the base a parallelogram of rods 2 feet wide and 5 feet long from which rise lengthwise curved rods 18 inches high in the center and drawn near togetherat the top all these rods are in re ality hollow tubes of mandrel drawn brass light and very strong above the apex of this form rises a cog edged steel wheel 11 inches in diameter with double handles so geared to a four bladed fan moving horizontally directly beneath that the op erator can give the fan 2,(km revolutions per minute the four blades of the fan are of white holly each having a superfi cial area of about 50 square inches and the extreme diameter of this revolving fan is 24 inches the blades are set at a slight angle like those of the screw of a propeller just behind the wheel is a very small seat upon which the operator perches his feet rest upon two light treadles above and in front of the fan from the front of this form spring other rods carrying at their ex tremity a vertically working revolving t'au like that beneath the operator's seat except that it is but 22 inches iu diame ter it is so geared to the main or hori zontal fan that it may be operated or not at the pleasure of the driver of thu ma chine and can be made to turn from oue side to the other so as to deflect the course of the machine in the air this fan will make 2,800 revolutions per miuute when the other is making 2,000 all its move ments are controlled by the operator's feet when he presses the left treadle he throws it into gear when he presses with tbe toe of his right foot it turns to the left and a slight pressure of his heel whirls it over to the right he can also reverse the action of his main fan so that when it whirls one way ho goes down aud when j its course is reversed he mounts in the air that this is not merely a claim has been clearly demonstrated then the weight of the operator and machine aud the lifting power of the gas cylinder have been so nicely adjusted that they were ex actly balanced ; six pounds have been add ed to the weight of tbe machine and the wroking of the horizontal fan has cansed the apparatus to rise and continue to as cend as long as the lifting power of the machinery was exerted the weight nor mally of the machine and the rod from wbich it is suspended is 48 pounds this then gives 114 pounds as the weight of the entire apparatus the operator quinlan who went upon wednesday aud agaiu yesterday weighs 90 pounds and to balance him and the dead weight against the lifting power of the gas he had to car ry along with him about nine pounds of shot and stones the second exhibition was given june 13 the weather was far from favorable the wind came iu quite sharp gusts and there were threatenings of a comiug storm nevertheless the ascent was made little quinlan eveu if he does only weigh ninety-six pounds has confi dence and nerve enough to go up in a gale some time was spent in getting the weight and lifting power so neatly balanced as to show that the machine could exert a lift ing power of its own when this had beeu effected to prof ritehell's satisfac tion the apparatus rested quietly on the grass but could be lifted or set back with the light pressure of one finger the word was given to go quinlan began turning the wheel the horizontal fan re volved with a noise like a buzz saw and the machiue darted up almost vertically to a height of about two hundred feet tliere a strong steady current of wind setting toward the southwest waseiicoun tered and the mac ine was swept away by it broadside on to the spectators theii the operator was seen throwing his vertical fan into gear and by its aid the aerial ship turned around pointing its head in whatever direction he chose to give it all this was the work of but a few seconds all hough quinlan could move the apparatus about ue could not make any headway against the strong j vital reversing the motion of his hori zontal fan he descended apparently aboul one hundred feet to get out oi the current but finding that impracticable reusceud ed to a much greater height than he had lirst reached still he was swept off to ward new haven and after a liltle time went out of sight he had vanished be hind a distant hill and for a while it was supposed he had alighted then he was again sighted far away and not less than one thousand feet above the earth the cylinder of the machine looked no larger than an orange at length he disappear ed altogether at oj o'clock p.m having been up bat tling with the wind very nearly an hour he descended safely at new ington and at 10 o'clock was back in hartford he aid that at one time he was eight or ten miles away from his starting point but by tack ing and working betweeu the gusts of wind won his way back as far as xewiug ton only five miles from hartford lie says that the working of the machine is so easy that he could continue it for four consecutive hours without fatigue in a quiet atmosphere mr lord the superintendent of the colt arms factory has watched the ex periments with much interest and his opinion as a practical scientist is of value he says that while he does not see an im mediately practical use in this hying ma chine he cannot but regard it as a great step in progress one which should be re cognized as of immencc importance and encouragement for hope ofa speedy good result in the way of aerial travel â€” neio york sun a neglected industry a new field awaiting the employment of an immense amount of labor capital and inventive talent now exists ready at hand iu the neglected fiax and linen in dustry of america forty years ago nearly every fanner in the country knew how to raise and prepare flax for domestic use and many of our fathers and mothers were to some extent engaged in this man ufacture in 1845-55 several manufacto ries were put into existence iu xew eng gland to make the various kiuds of fine linen goods among these were the ste vens mills at webster mass the wil limantic in connecticut and the ameri can linen company of fall river mass the latter was established in 1352 with a capital of 8500,000 and had at one time 250 looms running upon sheeting table linen aud coating and pautalooning be sides the coarser kinds of fabrics these mills weie enabled to start by the placing of a duty of 25 per cent upon linen goods in 1842 wliile they had pre viously beeu admitted free of duty but in 1857 the duty was removed and linen again admitted free of duty and the in faut industry was strangled nothing of the old industry now remains excepting the stevens mills making crash and huck aback at webster mass these mills are no longer in the possession of those ; who originally established them the ' willimantic no longer exists and the american linen company changed to cotton manufacture long ago besides the stevens which is much the ' most extensive mill iu the country mak â– ing some fifteen kinds of coarse goods j there are the stark at manchester x h the ludlow aud the bay state in mass achusetts all small producers of coarse linen fabrics these we believe are the only mills weaving flax fabrics in the uuited states tow bagging is made in several places in ohio indiana louis ville and in illinois while the initial steps toward the establishment ofa linen mill have been taken in oregon extensive flax thread mills exist one at paterson x j employing 500 hands one at troy x y and one iu xew york city employing goo hands up to 1872 there were nearly a hundred flax bagging mills iu the central western states but the reduction of duty upon jute caused an al most complete transfer to jute bagging the material w ith which tbe south now covers her cotton this is the condition of the linen indus try in the united states at this time of the raw flax used by the crash and thread mills 4,000 tons are imported and 1,000 tons are home grown chiefly from tbe northeastern portion of the state of xew york a considerable portion of the im ported in russian a part that of the best is belgian a part canadian and some irish the use of american flax is for the most part to adulterate the better im ported kinds aud thus lessen the cost of the product there is a general complaint that the american fiber is less skillfully cared for and carelessly cured and pre pared and certainly its value 9 cents a pound indicates that either too little at tention is given to the growth of the flax or to the preparation of the fiber the imported flax fiber simply separated from the coarse stalk and with the tow still in it and not ofa line quality lias a value of 12 and 15 cents in belgian aud russian ports upon this there is still au addi tional cost of per cent duty besides cost of transportation making the cost of agood quality of belgian flax at this port nearly 20 cents a pound but little of this is used and that to give a better fin ish a longer and stronger fiber to thread but is largely adulterated with the cheaper canadian russian aud american the crash mills would use the american fiber altogether if its character could be de pended upon but from its careless mani pulation and want of attention to grow ing and dressing it is of less value and more diilicitlt to use what is required at this time is that our farmers attend to the requirements of fertilizers and the rotation of crops nec essary to grow the fiber io perfection and then sow the proper amount of seed 2 to three bushels per acre pull it before it is over-ripe steep it and spread it just long enough to separate the liber completely and the present demand for flax may be easily supplied at home this is the first step and if it cannot be secured without the assistance of a llax association such should beorganized the importation of raw llax is about 4,000 tons annually at a cost of about 1,250 000 the importation of linseed about 80,000,000 annually aud of linen goods about 15,000,000 annually the value of the llax industry to rus sia is above 100,000,000 annually the exports of linen goods by euglaud is up wards of 850,000,000 annually while the number of looms in great britain in 1870 was 39,733 aud in 1875 51,601 having increased tenfold since 1850 the establishment of a linen industry iu america is not a work of a day but the fact that the country has every requisite of the world for its successful establish ment should incite our people to make the necessary effort much inventive skill would of necessity be called iuto action to supply labor-saving appliances and considerable capital labor and patience would be required to obtain success the government should be willing to accord it the same assistance by way of a duty upon imported goods which it afforded the silk industry and with that tliere need be no risk of ultimate success â€” scientififi american lightning conductors and earth contact the importance ofa perfect earth con tact for lightning conductors is shown by an accblent at nottingham england in 1868 which is mentioned by dr e g mann in the journal of the society of arts a copper lightning conductor four tenths of au inch in diameter was attached to the weathercock one hundred and fifty feet from the ground upon the spire of a uew church aud was carried in an un broken line tb the ground and probably at lirst had a good earth contact but after the accident an investigation showed that some thief had drawn it out of the ground and carried away all that was more than six inches below the surface on october 16 1808 the church was struck by lightning the fluid passing quietly uutil within about six feet of the ground had tliere been a good earth contact all would have gone well but at this point it was drawn from the conduc tor to a gas pipe on the inside of the wall although separated from it by 44 feet of solid masonry the lightning then pass ed along the pipes to the gas mains and off into moist ground but on its passage it totally destroyed a shoit piece of pipe near the gas meter and allowed the gas to t escape which by the way caused another accident on the following day when a i lighted lamp was carried into tho cellar | by the person sent to look up the leak at the point where the electric fluid pass ed through the wall from the conductor to the gas pipe the stone work was splin tered into fragments through an area of about a square yard on either face of the wall while the center of the wall for n thickness of about a foot was entirely uninjured the musical phonograph professor johnsou lately exhibited in this city a new instrument supplied by mr edison which reproduced levy's last rose of summer the carnival of venice etc every ear was on the alert to listen to the performance of the phono graph levy came in front of the mys terious thing and blew a blast on his bugle horn strong enough as it would seem to blow the whole concern out of existence and when he subsided professor johnson reversed the crank affixed a sort of horn to a disk on the cylinder and out came all of levy's music with all his variations to last the note the wonderment aud de light of the audience were great in the extreme and they applauded the articu lating phonograph as if it were aliving and breathing thing when miss cole sang to if'couiiu thro the bye there was in tense curiosity to hear how it would be returned as her voice has a birdlike quali ty in theupperregisterthat it was thought impossible for the phonograph to coun terfeit when professor johnsou turned the crank miss cole herself sat petrified in astonishment as she heard her very trills imitated by the insensible piece of machinery before her of course the song of ihe phonograph was nothing to that of miss cole because the voice was metal ic aud without the attributes of flesh aud blood but its close rendition of the words and accent was really marvelous to hear new york herald morganton blade : mr 11 a bust a son of mr joseph r rust living near bridge water iu this county a young man of un usual mechanical ingenuity conceived a plan of using different blades or bits in nn axe and on the 6th of march last his application was filed in the patent oiiice mr bust afterwards showed his model to one t k downing of mississippi who forthwith posted off to washington and applied for and obtained on the 9th of april the patent right for the axe of which mr bust is certainly the inventor vve understand that downing has already re alized over 84,000 from sales of territory and that the invention is hailed as one of the most useful as well as profitable ex tant strength of solar heat sir john herschel familiar lectures ou scientific subjects page 04 says 1 have seeu the thermometer four inches deep in the sand in soulh africa rise to 159 fab and have cooked a beefsteak and boiled eggs hard by simple exposure to the sun in a box covered with a frame of window glass and placed in another box so covered oir a distinguished scientist raises strawberries some ofthe largest and finest flavored strawberries that we have ever seen this season were from the garden of our val ued contributor allied m mayer south orange x j in forming new beds he invariably takes runners from new plants manures in the early spring after the berries have formed he cuts off all run ners and thins out the central leaves result : enlargement of the berry ; im provement in flavor â€” scientific american tennessee steel works â€” tbe lirst open hearth steel ever made in the south was turned out june 6th by the boaue iron and steel company of chattanooga the cast an experimental one of six tons pro duct by the siemens-martin process was a perfect success in quality specular ore from near cartersville ga was used when in full operation the company ex pect to produce 150 tons a day alabama corundum â€” a correspondent writes that large quantities of corun dum for emery wheels are shipped from tallapoosa county ala to massachu setts assessing the woman from tue st louis times a woman in the treasury department at washington who has a family to sup port a doctor's bill to pay that has now been running three months and a month's rent behind considers it rather hard that j she should be compelled to put 8 into ; the republican congressional fund while john sherman who is worth his millions and ets 8,000 a year salary is only as sessed 8100 it does seem a little hard fmrn the warner o.j record b 15 hayes contributes 5,000 toward carrying ou the republican cam paign this fall while women clerks in the depart ment at washington who receive 45 pet month are assessed 7 < a little darky's stoby uuder a great pecan tree on ihe lawn before the big house sam and fumble sat down to consider and consult or as they expressed it study up what ns gwine to do shill i tell a story ?" asked parable does you know agood one !" inquired sam dis story's gwine to be a new one said puuible bekas i'll make it up as i go long tell ahead said sam wunst upon a time began puinble what time ?" interrupted sam shut up wunst upon a lime dey wuz a man an dis heah man lighted up he pipe au parted out on de big road an1 he went walkin along bight sfnt along an walkin long an walkin along an walkin along an walkiit along an walkin along an walkin along " dat man wuz gwine all de way wuzu't he interjected the listener he hadn't got no way hardly yit said pumble but he kep a walkin along an walkiu along an walkin along au walkin along an walkin along an walk in along an walkin along stop dat walkin now sai.l sam and tell whut he done when he got froo walkin he come to de place i.e wuz a-gwioe to said bumble did he sho enough exclaimed sam i wuz kinder skcered he wudn't nebbcr git dar at all what did he do nev !" de nex ting he done said rumble impressively wuz to turn right roun an go back whar he come from an dat's all !" the way of transgressors is hard every one will reap according as ho sows the johnston county democrats en dorse judge w r cox lor congress thi democrats of burke last saturday i nominated ex-sheriff berry for the house i and instructed him to vote for vance about all the republican papers in missouri are solid for grant in 1880 but grant can't run in missouri exclusively with any prospect of beiugelccted pilu : deiphia j'i.iitn it is said that the kind mothers dow 1 j east are grown so affectionate that they give their children chloroform previous to whipping them a dispatch states that bergh has brought suit against some parties for decking ft horse's tail they were probably plaj ing poker on it this was only possible with i a horse a mule would have defen led ! his own tail without going to court about it christian reid has a newnovel jusl out entitled bonny kate i is ft story of southern life and her publishers the ' messrs appleton say that in it she ap pears at her best this is her twelfth work in about seen or eighl years she i writes well and with artistic purpose - wilmington star we are profoundly grateful to all onr brethren of the press aud to main pri vate citizens for kind words spoken of us through the papers and by letter recently we desire no higher honor in this woi id i than to be thought well id and compli '' no tned by our editorial brethren for all of whom we entertain no other feeling . than that of love and respect charlotte democrat everybody thought it was a match and so did he and so did h ; but last e ing at a croqnett party she hit in i r a whack with the mallet that sounded like a torpedo and lie he laughed v e meet as strangers she wrote on her cuff aud showed ir to him think of me no more he whispered hus-kily t atairba i ounty iii kokt june 22 the catawba county conven ion met to-day full attendance capt r b . davis formerly of wilmington wasnonii , for the house : m <>. sherill for clerk suprerior couit and s l younr for sheriff col steele's course in congress was approved and governor vance the 1 choice of the connty for uuited slates . senator raleigh seirs the lincoln progress speaking of col wm johnston says our delegates frotn raleigh speak in the highest term i hi manly efforts to secure a representation for the west on the supreme < ourl tiekel and express tbeir inteution to rememur his fidelity to bis section and the interest ofthe stat campaign lands the sunday republican has discover ed that a portion of the money filched by t jot ham's committee ont of female treas ary and otlier employees is nsed to sus tain the national kepublican this is certain y the acme of cruelty a pei son might in the course of time become reconciled to the loss of hi hard-earned dollars but not while daily confront i by the republican as the result of the theft washington post there is nothing hid that shall imt i m â€¢ to light

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f c"r'tv . s^s the carolina watchman vol ix third series salisbury n c july 4 1878 no 37 from the n v observer the english people tlil bh i asd pooh the kobxe and ignoble royalty americana going abroad do not give ; timeenough to england it is so small tbey think to run over it in a few days j ami then g t the < ontiiiciit but coun ! tries like people are not to be judged by their size the most precious things come j i small panels it is worth a voyage across the atlantic to have a month iu london and at the end of a month the study of that city is only just begun very few americans have sufficient knowl edge ofthe languages of the continent to make travel there as pleasant and useful as it is ina country where one's own is spoken loterr-onrse with the people es pecially with w hat are called the common people ifl one of the greatest advantages and pleasures of foreign travel the rich have substantially the same things every where they enjoy themselves as they please for money answereth all tilings hut to see and know bow the not rich live uliat comfort ihey have and what they puffer lo learu the bome-life of the great illiw!j ofa people in any country is a mat ter of intense iuterest t me who loves hi fellow men to get at this you must talk with the people as you meet them ou the wav or see them at their work or whit i bettei r-t ill at their own homes and the mosi painful relied ion i have in knglaud '*'â€¢' here the subject is not plnn 1 by law as theciiizen is robbed here 1 requires courage to hold real estate iu 6 country for one does not know by what legerdemain of legislation its value w.v be destryed gradually we shall jÂ°n*e to understand these things letter ' Â»' the meantime it is not wise to ink ot ourselves more highly than we sh to think let us willingly learn that some other people have many things by which we could learu if we only would they have more poverty arid social suffering more intemperance in drink ing more ignorance and vice in england aud scotland than we have among our native population the infusion of the foreign element into our socioul economy makes it impossible to compare the ef fects of our institutions with those of the old world if with the tremendous load to carry of german and irish immigration we are able to challenge the contrast as it is what would onr country be if we were ns unified iu our traditions habits and religion as the people of england are . i saw much in the manners and customs of english people that might be held up for imitation but what is the use of speaking of it . is the average american mind open to instruction by any other people or tongue under tbe whole heav en and shall i not lie set down as un patriotic and a snobbish if 1 venture to eulogize england the english f even so but that does not alter the fact i do not want to change our political or religious institutions they are the result of the ripest experience and the concentrated wisdom of preceding ages but as in re forming the church from romanism the leaders rejected some good things for the sake of casting out more that wus evil so we in our revolution have revolved so far as to regard our own ways the only good ways and all that we left liehind us as positively evil and intolerable the more communion we have with england the b tter we will esteem the people and tl eii institutions if happiness were an object which it is not it were just as easy to find it in old england as in new england yorkshire as in new york there is more and higher culture iu the fields and iu the homes of the wealthy english than in any other coun try among people ofthe same social class and to mingle with intelligent english people in their tight little isle is one of the highest pleasures of foreign travel they are not accessible they have a reserve which they suppose to be dignity they get it from the existence of an ar istocracy and every man whether born into the charmed circle or not wishes to be exclusive that he may appear unto rn n to be something more than he is but that reserve melts iu a miuute when he conns into social coutai t v itl a broth el in a n lj is a foible of englishmen as familiarity is a fault of our people an english gentleman introduced him self to me t the hotel where we met ami the few hours of my stay were made very pleasant by his agreeable company learning that i was to visit the part of the county in which was his resi dence he insisted upon my going to his house though he would uot be there that his family might have the pleasure ivc and he made a point of it wrote to his family that 1 was coming and when i called for a moment at the door i was received as a friend aud they were posi tively disappointed when i declined to slay and enjoy their hospitality such is not an insulated case another english gentleman did just the same thing these are in proof that behind that thick coat of dignified reserve there are just as wai in genial and generous souls among englishmen as in every other laud where christian civilization reigns ii.en'.llts the colored solicitor the bepublicans of the judicial district met iu convention at tarboro vesterdav and nominated a colored mau for solici tor j ii collins the nominee is a colored briefless lawyer he has had license some three or four years but it is not remem bered that he ever had a case ; has not practiced the profession of the law nor much attempted to but has devoted him self to school teaching he may be said to bo utterly without capacity for the po sition of prosecuting officer and his nom ination is an insult to the dignity of jus tice and a flagrant outrage ou the majes ty of the law â€” ral news personal â€” gov and mrs vance ar rived in the city yesterday morning iu a through car by the hamlet connection mrs vance stood the journey quite well and was feeling somewhat brighter during the day the governor expects to re main in raleigh but a small part of the summer he will carry mrs vance furth er west probably remaining most of the summer about morganton in the mean time lt-gov jarvis will come up to ral eigh and discharge the duties of the ex ecutive oiiice gov vance making a trip once a week to the capital â€” charlotte ob server another three-legged wisconsin baby boy has just arrived carpenter aud howe had better hurry up their senato rial race before this youngster so ex ceptionally gifted iu legs pushes up to manhood washington poet the editor who has recently visited the new england states says that neither at yale nor harvard did he see any colored students nor was the african brother vis ible in the churches of the white people nor could he trace the existence of any colored statesmen iu the six new england legislatures scientific miscellany a new flying machine the first open air exhibition of prof c f mitchell's flying machine was conduct ed at hartford conn on wednesday af ternoon june 12 it went up to a beigbt of fully two hundred and fifty feet past the spire of the colt memorial church and sailed off until over the connecticut river the operator meanwhile exhibiting his power to change its altitude and direc tion at will when he ascended there was but little wind blowing and the ma chine appeared to be under perfect control but gradually a breeze sprang up and it was deemed safest to make a speedy re turn as there were indications in the sky of a gathering storm the machiue turn ed and made its way back in the teeth of the wind uutil directly over the ball ground whence it had ascended and then alighted within a few feet of the point from which it had started from this demonstration of its capaci ty it was generally conceived that it could do much more than its modest inventor claimed for it he never expected it to move against a wind of any strength and has not had the attainment of that end in view iu its construction as may readily be seen by a glance at its proportions but he does claim that it can be raised or low ered at will to leave adverse currents and enter favorable ones ; that it can be made to tack so as to ell'ect a little headway against a breeze and that iu a still atmos phere it can lie moved about as readily and perfectly at the will of the operator as a boat can be moved upon quiet water all that and even a little more there is abundant evidence of its having done on wednesday the iuventer ilr ri.cl.ell is a maine man but has during several years past lived at corry pa the project of con structing a flying machine has been a fa vorite subject for contemplation with him during nearly ten years past and for the last seven of that time he and his friend mr av ii lyman of corry pa have in cubated his idea together in november 1870 they went to bridgeport conn to put their plans into execution as they be lieved they could there obtain most read ily just the peculiar materials they requir ed and have them put together in the most pei feet manner tiieir confidence in yankee resources and skill was not inis phtced but their crude ideas were not immediately erystalized iutou perfect ma chine nevertheless iu the first apparatus which they con structed some parts were too heavy oth ers too large and there was an ineffectual application of power then a second onc was built that now upon exhibition and though it cannot be said to be so far per fected as to be capable of application to practical service such as serving a mail route or even as it popular vehicle for travel it is still of very great importance as proving the correctness of the theories upon which it was based mr ritchell took it to the permanaut exhibition at philadelphia may 10 1877 and succeed ed in effectually concealing it from pub lic knowledge for a long time now he has put it into uie proper course for either securing its development or making it a pioneer for other inventors in this branch of science the flying machine is all clumsiness above all lightucss aud grace below the lifting power is afforded by a horizontally placed cylinder of gossamer cloth fine linen coated with india rubber twenty feet in length and thirteen in diameter weighing only sixty-six pounds and charged with hydrogen gas which is made bj the usual process from iron turnings aud sulphuric acid broad worsted bands extend over that and down to a rod of mandrel drawn brass tubing nickel plat ed 1 _ inch in diameter and 23 feet long from that rod the machine is suspended by slender cords the after portion of the machine i.s at the base a parallelogram of rods 2 feet wide and 5 feet long from which rise lengthwise curved rods 18 inches high in the center and drawn near togetherat the top all these rods are in re ality hollow tubes of mandrel drawn brass light and very strong above the apex of this form rises a cog edged steel wheel 11 inches in diameter with double handles so geared to a four bladed fan moving horizontally directly beneath that the op erator can give the fan 2,(km revolutions per minute the four blades of the fan are of white holly each having a superfi cial area of about 50 square inches and the extreme diameter of this revolving fan is 24 inches the blades are set at a slight angle like those of the screw of a propeller just behind the wheel is a very small seat upon which the operator perches his feet rest upon two light treadles above and in front of the fan from the front of this form spring other rods carrying at their ex tremity a vertically working revolving t'au like that beneath the operator's seat except that it is but 22 inches iu diame ter it is so geared to the main or hori zontal fan that it may be operated or not at the pleasure of the driver of thu ma chine and can be made to turn from oue side to the other so as to deflect the course of the machine in the air this fan will make 2,800 revolutions per miuute when the other is making 2,000 all its move ments are controlled by the operator's feet when he presses the left treadle he throws it into gear when he presses with tbe toe of his right foot it turns to the left and a slight pressure of his heel whirls it over to the right he can also reverse the action of his main fan so that when it whirls one way ho goes down aud when j its course is reversed he mounts in the air that this is not merely a claim has been clearly demonstrated then the weight of the operator and machine aud the lifting power of the gas cylinder have been so nicely adjusted that they were ex actly balanced ; six pounds have been add ed to the weight of tbe machine and the wroking of the horizontal fan has cansed the apparatus to rise and continue to as cend as long as the lifting power of the machinery was exerted the weight nor mally of the machine and the rod from wbich it is suspended is 48 pounds this then gives 114 pounds as the weight of the entire apparatus the operator quinlan who went upon wednesday aud agaiu yesterday weighs 90 pounds and to balance him and the dead weight against the lifting power of the gas he had to car ry along with him about nine pounds of shot and stones the second exhibition was given june 13 the weather was far from favorable the wind came iu quite sharp gusts and there were threatenings of a comiug storm nevertheless the ascent was made little quinlan eveu if he does only weigh ninety-six pounds has confi dence and nerve enough to go up in a gale some time was spent in getting the weight and lifting power so neatly balanced as to show that the machine could exert a lift ing power of its own when this had beeu effected to prof ritehell's satisfac tion the apparatus rested quietly on the grass but could be lifted or set back with the light pressure of one finger the word was given to go quinlan began turning the wheel the horizontal fan re volved with a noise like a buzz saw and the machiue darted up almost vertically to a height of about two hundred feet tliere a strong steady current of wind setting toward the southwest waseiicoun tered and the mac ine was swept away by it broadside on to the spectators theii the operator was seen throwing his vertical fan into gear and by its aid the aerial ship turned around pointing its head in whatever direction he chose to give it all this was the work of but a few seconds all hough quinlan could move the apparatus about ue could not make any headway against the strong j vital reversing the motion of his hori zontal fan he descended apparently aboul one hundred feet to get out oi the current but finding that impracticable reusceud ed to a much greater height than he had lirst reached still he was swept off to ward new haven and after a liltle time went out of sight he had vanished be hind a distant hill and for a while it was supposed he had alighted then he was again sighted far away and not less than one thousand feet above the earth the cylinder of the machine looked no larger than an orange at length he disappear ed altogether at oj o'clock p.m having been up bat tling with the wind very nearly an hour he descended safely at new ington and at 10 o'clock was back in hartford he aid that at one time he was eight or ten miles away from his starting point but by tack ing and working betweeu the gusts of wind won his way back as far as xewiug ton only five miles from hartford lie says that the working of the machine is so easy that he could continue it for four consecutive hours without fatigue in a quiet atmosphere mr lord the superintendent of the colt arms factory has watched the ex periments with much interest and his opinion as a practical scientist is of value he says that while he does not see an im mediately practical use in this hying ma chine he cannot but regard it as a great step in progress one which should be re cognized as of immencc importance and encouragement for hope ofa speedy good result in the way of aerial travel â€” neio york sun a neglected industry a new field awaiting the employment of an immense amount of labor capital and inventive talent now exists ready at hand iu the neglected fiax and linen in dustry of america forty years ago nearly every fanner in the country knew how to raise and prepare flax for domestic use and many of our fathers and mothers were to some extent engaged in this man ufacture in 1845-55 several manufacto ries were put into existence iu xew eng gland to make the various kiuds of fine linen goods among these were the ste vens mills at webster mass the wil limantic in connecticut and the ameri can linen company of fall river mass the latter was established in 1352 with a capital of 8500,000 and had at one time 250 looms running upon sheeting table linen aud coating and pautalooning be sides the coarser kinds of fabrics these mills weie enabled to start by the placing of a duty of 25 per cent upon linen goods in 1842 wliile they had pre viously beeu admitted free of duty but in 1857 the duty was removed and linen again admitted free of duty and the in faut industry was strangled nothing of the old industry now remains excepting the stevens mills making crash and huck aback at webster mass these mills are no longer in the possession of those ; who originally established them the ' willimantic no longer exists and the american linen company changed to cotton manufacture long ago besides the stevens which is much the ' most extensive mill iu the country mak â– ing some fifteen kinds of coarse goods j there are the stark at manchester x h the ludlow aud the bay state in mass achusetts all small producers of coarse linen fabrics these we believe are the only mills weaving flax fabrics in the uuited states tow bagging is made in several places in ohio indiana louis ville and in illinois while the initial steps toward the establishment ofa linen mill have been taken in oregon extensive flax thread mills exist one at paterson x j employing 500 hands one at troy x y and one iu xew york city employing goo hands up to 1872 there were nearly a hundred flax bagging mills iu the central western states but the reduction of duty upon jute caused an al most complete transfer to jute bagging the material w ith which tbe south now covers her cotton this is the condition of the linen indus try in the united states at this time of the raw flax used by the crash and thread mills 4,000 tons are imported and 1,000 tons are home grown chiefly from tbe northeastern portion of the state of xew york a considerable portion of the im ported in russian a part that of the best is belgian a part canadian and some irish the use of american flax is for the most part to adulterate the better im ported kinds aud thus lessen the cost of the product there is a general complaint that the american fiber is less skillfully cared for and carelessly cured and pre pared and certainly its value 9 cents a pound indicates that either too little at tention is given to the growth of the flax or to the preparation of the fiber the imported flax fiber simply separated from the coarse stalk and with the tow still in it and not ofa line quality lias a value of 12 and 15 cents in belgian aud russian ports upon this there is still au addi tional cost of per cent duty besides cost of transportation making the cost of agood quality of belgian flax at this port nearly 20 cents a pound but little of this is used and that to give a better fin ish a longer and stronger fiber to thread but is largely adulterated with the cheaper canadian russian aud american the crash mills would use the american fiber altogether if its character could be de pended upon but from its careless mani pulation and want of attention to grow ing and dressing it is of less value and more diilicitlt to use what is required at this time is that our farmers attend to the requirements of fertilizers and the rotation of crops nec essary to grow the fiber io perfection and then sow the proper amount of seed 2 to three bushels per acre pull it before it is over-ripe steep it and spread it just long enough to separate the liber completely and the present demand for flax may be easily supplied at home this is the first step and if it cannot be secured without the assistance of a llax association such should beorganized the importation of raw llax is about 4,000 tons annually at a cost of about 1,250 000 the importation of linseed about 80,000,000 annually aud of linen goods about 15,000,000 annually the value of the llax industry to rus sia is above 100,000,000 annually the exports of linen goods by euglaud is up wards of 850,000,000 annually while the number of looms in great britain in 1870 was 39,733 aud in 1875 51,601 having increased tenfold since 1850 the establishment of a linen industry iu america is not a work of a day but the fact that the country has every requisite of the world for its successful establish ment should incite our people to make the necessary effort much inventive skill would of necessity be called iuto action to supply labor-saving appliances and considerable capital labor and patience would be required to obtain success the government should be willing to accord it the same assistance by way of a duty upon imported goods which it afforded the silk industry and with that tliere need be no risk of ultimate success â€” scientififi american lightning conductors and earth contact the importance ofa perfect earth con tact for lightning conductors is shown by an accblent at nottingham england in 1868 which is mentioned by dr e g mann in the journal of the society of arts a copper lightning conductor four tenths of au inch in diameter was attached to the weathercock one hundred and fifty feet from the ground upon the spire of a uew church aud was carried in an un broken line tb the ground and probably at lirst had a good earth contact but after the accident an investigation showed that some thief had drawn it out of the ground and carried away all that was more than six inches below the surface on october 16 1808 the church was struck by lightning the fluid passing quietly uutil within about six feet of the ground had tliere been a good earth contact all would have gone well but at this point it was drawn from the conduc tor to a gas pipe on the inside of the wall although separated from it by 44 feet of solid masonry the lightning then pass ed along the pipes to the gas mains and off into moist ground but on its passage it totally destroyed a shoit piece of pipe near the gas meter and allowed the gas to t escape which by the way caused another accident on the following day when a i lighted lamp was carried into tho cellar | by the person sent to look up the leak at the point where the electric fluid pass ed through the wall from the conductor to the gas pipe the stone work was splin tered into fragments through an area of about a square yard on either face of the wall while the center of the wall for n thickness of about a foot was entirely uninjured the musical phonograph professor johnsou lately exhibited in this city a new instrument supplied by mr edison which reproduced levy's last rose of summer the carnival of venice etc every ear was on the alert to listen to the performance of the phono graph levy came in front of the mys terious thing and blew a blast on his bugle horn strong enough as it would seem to blow the whole concern out of existence and when he subsided professor johnson reversed the crank affixed a sort of horn to a disk on the cylinder and out came all of levy's music with all his variations to last the note the wonderment aud de light of the audience were great in the extreme and they applauded the articu lating phonograph as if it were aliving and breathing thing when miss cole sang to if'couiiu thro the bye there was in tense curiosity to hear how it would be returned as her voice has a birdlike quali ty in theupperregisterthat it was thought impossible for the phonograph to coun terfeit when professor johnsou turned the crank miss cole herself sat petrified in astonishment as she heard her very trills imitated by the insensible piece of machinery before her of course the song of ihe phonograph was nothing to that of miss cole because the voice was metal ic aud without the attributes of flesh aud blood but its close rendition of the words and accent was really marvelous to hear new york herald morganton blade : mr 11 a bust a son of mr joseph r rust living near bridge water iu this county a young man of un usual mechanical ingenuity conceived a plan of using different blades or bits in nn axe and on the 6th of march last his application was filed in the patent oiiice mr bust afterwards showed his model to one t k downing of mississippi who forthwith posted off to washington and applied for and obtained on the 9th of april the patent right for the axe of which mr bust is certainly the inventor vve understand that downing has already re alized over 84,000 from sales of territory and that the invention is hailed as one of the most useful as well as profitable ex tant strength of solar heat sir john herschel familiar lectures ou scientific subjects page 04 says 1 have seeu the thermometer four inches deep in the sand in soulh africa rise to 159 fab and have cooked a beefsteak and boiled eggs hard by simple exposure to the sun in a box covered with a frame of window glass and placed in another box so covered oir a distinguished scientist raises strawberries some ofthe largest and finest flavored strawberries that we have ever seen this season were from the garden of our val ued contributor allied m mayer south orange x j in forming new beds he invariably takes runners from new plants manures in the early spring after the berries have formed he cuts off all run ners and thins out the central leaves result : enlargement of the berry ; im provement in flavor â€” scientific american tennessee steel works â€” tbe lirst open hearth steel ever made in the south was turned out june 6th by the boaue iron and steel company of chattanooga the cast an experimental one of six tons pro duct by the siemens-martin process was a perfect success in quality specular ore from near cartersville ga was used when in full operation the company ex pect to produce 150 tons a day alabama corundum â€” a correspondent writes that large quantities of corun dum for emery wheels are shipped from tallapoosa county ala to massachu setts assessing the woman from tue st louis times a woman in the treasury department at washington who has a family to sup port a doctor's bill to pay that has now been running three months and a month's rent behind considers it rather hard that j she should be compelled to put 8 into ; the republican congressional fund while john sherman who is worth his millions and ets 8,000 a year salary is only as sessed 8100 it does seem a little hard fmrn the warner o.j record b 15 hayes contributes 5,000 toward carrying ou the republican cam paign this fall while women clerks in the depart ment at washington who receive 45 pet month are assessed 7 < a little darky's stoby uuder a great pecan tree on ihe lawn before the big house sam and fumble sat down to consider and consult or as they expressed it study up what ns gwine to do shill i tell a story ?" asked parable does you know agood one !" inquired sam dis story's gwine to be a new one said puuible bekas i'll make it up as i go long tell ahead said sam wunst upon a time began puinble what time ?" interrupted sam shut up wunst upon a lime dey wuz a man an dis heah man lighted up he pipe au parted out on de big road an1 he went walkin along bight sfnt along an walkin long an walkin along an walkin along an walkiit along an walkin along an walkin along " dat man wuz gwine all de way wuzu't he interjected the listener he hadn't got no way hardly yit said pumble but he kep a walkin along an walkiu along an walkin along au walkin along an walkin along an walk in along an walkin along stop dat walkin now sai.l sam and tell whut he done when he got froo walkin he come to de place i.e wuz a-gwioe to said bumble did he sho enough exclaimed sam i wuz kinder skcered he wudn't nebbcr git dar at all what did he do nev !" de nex ting he done said rumble impressively wuz to turn right roun an go back whar he come from an dat's all !" the way of transgressors is hard every one will reap according as ho sows the johnston county democrats en dorse judge w r cox lor congress thi democrats of burke last saturday i nominated ex-sheriff berry for the house i and instructed him to vote for vance about all the republican papers in missouri are solid for grant in 1880 but grant can't run in missouri exclusively with any prospect of beiugelccted pilu : deiphia j'i.iitn it is said that the kind mothers dow 1 j east are grown so affectionate that they give their children chloroform previous to whipping them a dispatch states that bergh has brought suit against some parties for decking ft horse's tail they were probably plaj ing poker on it this was only possible with i a horse a mule would have defen led ! his own tail without going to court about it christian reid has a newnovel jusl out entitled bonny kate i is ft story of southern life and her publishers the ' messrs appleton say that in it she ap pears at her best this is her twelfth work in about seen or eighl years she i writes well and with artistic purpose - wilmington star we are profoundly grateful to all onr brethren of the press aud to main pri vate citizens for kind words spoken of us through the papers and by letter recently we desire no higher honor in this woi id i than to be thought well id and compli '' no tned by our editorial brethren for all of whom we entertain no other feeling . than that of love and respect charlotte democrat everybody thought it was a match and so did he and so did h ; but last e ing at a croqnett party she hit in i r a whack with the mallet that sounded like a torpedo and lie he laughed v e meet as strangers she wrote on her cuff aud showed ir to him think of me no more he whispered hus-kily t atairba i ounty iii kokt june 22 the catawba county conven ion met to-day full attendance capt r b . davis formerly of wilmington wasnonii , for the house : m <>. sherill for clerk suprerior couit and s l younr for sheriff col steele's course in congress was approved and governor vance the 1 choice of the connty for uuited slates . senator raleigh seirs the lincoln progress speaking of col wm johnston says our delegates frotn raleigh speak in the highest term i hi manly efforts to secure a representation for the west on the supreme < ourl tiekel and express tbeir inteution to rememur his fidelity to bis section and the interest ofthe stat campaign lands the sunday republican has discover ed that a portion of the money filched by t jot ham's committee ont of female treas ary and otlier employees is nsed to sus tain the national kepublican this is certain y the acme of cruelty a pei son might in the course of time become reconciled to the loss of hi hard-earned dollars but not while daily confront i by the republican as the result of the theft washington post there is nothing hid that shall imt i m â€¢ to light