Crossing the ForthScotland’s Queensferry Crossing spans the Firth of Forth, connecting Edinburgh and the Kingdom of Fife. Built at a cost of $1.89 billion in six and a half years, the 1.6 mi long cable-stayed bridge, with...

Microtunneling OperationThe shaft should provide safe working conditions and fully support the ground. Jacking and receiving shaft support system and sizes are typically determined by the contractor. See Chapter...

Shafts/Temporary StructuresShafts should be of a size to accommodate the equipment and pipe selected and to allow for safe working practices. If the shaft must accommodate the permanent works, it is the contractor's...

RegulationsThe contractor should meet federal, state, and local regulations. The contractor is responsible for jobsite safety....