The Croix de Guerre was originally created in 1915 as an award for displays of heroism during World War I. Primarily a military decoration of Belgium and France, it was also bestowed on members of the armed forces of allied countries.

The Médaille Militaire (Military Medal), created by Napoleon III and first issued in 1852, is awarded to non-commissioned officers exhibiting extreme bravery against an enemy force. Following World War I, it was also bestowed upon those wounded in action.