UBL 1.0 represents six years of continuous development in the creation of a standard XML business syntax, the last two years of which have taken place in the OASIS Universal Business Language Technical Committee. The UBL Committee Draft incorporates more than a year of public review, and the final result is now ready for implementation in commercial and open-source software efforts. UBL is freely available and may be used by anyone without the payment of royalties or other fees.

Background

Since its approval as a W3C recommendation in 1998, XML has
been adopted in a number of industries as a framework for the
definition of the messages exchanged in electronic
commerce. The widespread use of XML has led to the development
of multiple industry-specific XML versions of such basic
documents as purchase orders, shipping notices, and invoices.

While industry-specific data formats have the advantage of
maximal optimization for their business context, the existence
of different formats to accomplish the same purpose in
different business domains is attended by a number of
significant disadvantages as well.

Developing and maintaining multiple versions of common
business documents like purchase orders and invoices is a
major duplication of effort.

Creating and maintaining multiple adapters to enable trading
relationships across domain boundaries is an even greater
effort.

The existence of multiple XML formats makes it much harder
to integrate XML business messages with back-office systems.

The need to support an arbitrary number of XML formats makes
tools more expensive and trained workers harder to find.

The OASIS Universal Business Language (UBL) is intended to help
solve these problems by defining a generic XML interchange
format for business documents that can be extended to meet the
requirements of particular industries. Specifically, UBL 1.0
provides the following:

A library of XML schemas for reusable data components such
as "Address," "Item," and "Payment" — the common data
elements of everyday business documents.

A small set of XML schemas for common business documents
such as "Order," "Despatch Advice," and "Invoice" that are
constructed from the UBL library components and can be used
in a generic order-to-invoice trading context.

Support for the customization of UBL in specific trading
relationships.

A standard basis for XML business schemas is expected to have
the following advantages:

Lower cost of integration, both among and within
enterprises, through the reuse of common data structures.

Lower cost of commercial software, because software written
to process a given XML tag set is much easier to develop
than software that can handle an unlimited number of tag
sets.

An easier learning curve, because users need master just a
single library.

Lower cost of entry and therefore quicker adoption by small
and medium-size enterprises (SMEs).

Standardized training, resulting in many skilled workers.

A universally available pool of system integrators.

Standardized, inexpensive data input and output tools.

UBL is designed to provide a universally understood and
recognized commercial syntax for legally binding business
documents and to operate within a standard business framework
such as ISO 15000 (ebXML) to provide a complete,
standards-based infrastructure that can extend the benefits of
existing EDI systems to businesses of all sizes. UBL is freely
available to everyone without legal encumbrance or licensing
fees.

UBL schemas are modular, reusable, and extensible in XML-aware
ways. Designed as an implementation of ebXML Core Components
Technical Specification 2.01, the UBL Library is based on a
conceptual model of information components known as Business
Information Entities (BIEs). These components are assembled
into specific document models such as Order and Invoice. These
document assembly models are then transformed in accordance
with UBL Naming and Design Rules into W3C XSD schema
syntax. This approach facilitates the creation of UBL-based
document types beyond those specified in this 1.0 release. The
UBL 1.0 specification describes the basic order-to-invoice
business process that the UBL document types are designed to
support.

To aid in deployment, the standard UBL schemas are accompanied
by a multitude of informative supporting materials, some of
which are included in the UBL 1.0 package as informative
appendices and some of which are available from referenced
sites. These materials include:

UML class diagrams of the document components on which the
schemas are based.

UML class diagrams describing all the document assemblies.

Spreadsheet models defining the document assemblies.

Descriptions of two example implementations.

Sample instances of each of the UBL documents used in those
two implementations.

Formatting specifications for rendering all of the documents
in the example use cases.

Formatting specifications for the United Nations Layout Keys
corresponding to each of the UBL basic business document
types.

An ASN.1 specification to enable the transmission of UBL
messages in binary form.

Next Steps in Global UBL Deployment

To promote international adoption, OASIS UBL localization
subcommittees have been formed to translate the UBL
specification into Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish.
When complete, this localization work will make UBL readily
usable for more than two-thirds of the current global online
population.

The next UBL TC meeting, to be hosted by Hong Kong University
10-14 May 2004, will set the work schedule for UBL
localization, continue to further refine the technical basis of
UBL, and begin to develop a process for the creation of
industry-specific UBL profiles. A detailed agenda for the
meeting in Hong Kong can be found at: