With respect to my fellow scientists I shall be writing
this report in non-scientific speak for all of those readers who have not
had the benefit of a scientific education.

WHAT IS ALL THIS REALLY ABOUT?

Imagine the field around a magnet and imagine ordinary
everyday static electricity. If you put the force field from the magnet
with the force field from the static electricity you make a wave. This
wave is called an electromagnetic wave. There are lots of different types
of electromagnetic waves but they are all made of the same two things -
magnetic and static. The only difference between the waves is their wavelength
or the length of the wave and the number of waves that can be produced
a second, i.e. the frequency. All of these waves are put into a table called
the electromagnetic spectrum.

At one end of this electromagnetic spectrum you have
the very short waves, namely gamma rays and x-rays and at the other end
of the spectrum you have the very long ways, namely radio, TV and waves
from overhead power cables. All of these waves have the same properties;
that is to say they all behave the same. They can all be reflected, refracted,
and they all travel at the same speed, which is the speed of light. For
interest, if you were one wave of light you would be able to travel around
the world nearly seven times every second; that is the speed of light.
The electromagnetic spectrum is ordered so that at the short wave end you
have the gamma rays, x-rays, ultra-violet, visible light, infra red, microwaves,
radar, TV and radio in that order. The ultra-violet and above are known
as ionising waves and there is no argument as to the damage they can cause
when entering the body. Below ultraviolet is said to be non-ionising and
this is where arguments occur between scientists as to whether damage can
occur inside the human body through exposure to these waves. The microwaves
used in the TETRA system are in the non-ionising section of the electromagnetic
spectrum and I will be discussing the arguments concerning microwaves and
health in this report.

SAFETY LEVELS

In this country, when somebody asks about whether a certain
level of electromagnetic radiation is safe they are usually quoted a safety
limit. This safety limit is laid down by the NRPB (National Radiological
Protection Board). Usually when you ask about a dose of radiation you find
that the amount that you were asking about is thousands of times below
the safety limit and thereby reportedly safe. A safety limit is really
a personal opinion. This personal opinion may be based on many factors
by an individual or individuals from whatever data they have in their possession.
To give you an example of some safety limits around the world, for one
particular type of microwave transmitter, these read as follows:

Toronto Health Board: 6 units

Italy: 10 units

Russia: 10 units

Poland: 100 units

US Research Base: 100 units

International Commission: 450 units

The NRPB for Britain: 3,300 units

There are other values for other transmitters but there
is no need to list those in this document.

To look at this another way, supposing you took your
car to a garage and one mechanic estimated a price of £6 and another
mechanic estimated a price of £3,300 for the same job, you would
feel justified about questioning the decisions. The reason that our safety
limit is much higher than the rest of the world is that in other countries
they base their safety limits on possible effects from the electric field,
the magnetic field and the heat produced in the body. Our NRPB will only
base the safety limit for this country on the heat produced in the body.
I will comment on heat further in this report (Appendix 1, Reference 1).

WHAT IS BELIEVED TO HAPPEN AS THESE WAVES ENTER OUR BODIES?

I will try to summarise the thousand or so research papers
written over the last 20 or so years and explain or summarise what happens
when the electric and magnetic part of the wave goes into our bodies.

We being water based animals act like aerials to these
waves. As the waves go into our bodies an electric current is generated
inside our bodies which is how aerials work; waves come in and electricity
is generated. The electricity generated in our bodies like all electric
currents goes to ground through our bodies and like all electric currents
it takes the path of least resistance. Unfortunately the path of least
resistance through our bodies, although only representing 10% of our pathways,
carries 90% of our traffic rather like the M1 motorway. The traffic in
our bodies, namely hormones, antibodies, neurotransmitters know where they
are going because they also carry an electric charge. The hormones, antibodies
and neurotransmitters know where to "get off" because there is
a corresponding opposite charge at the site of delivery rather like the
positive and negative ends of a battery. The problem is if you have an
electric current passing through the body it can change this charge, either
on the hormones, antibodies or neurotransmitters or the site of delivery.

An analogy to that would be - if you were in Paris on
the Underground system and you could not speak a word of French, but you
had a map with the station name of where to get off and somebody tippexed
out one or two of the letters, you may get off or you may not, and this
can happen in the body. The hormones, antibodies or neurotransmitters may
get off where they are meant to get off or they may carry on and miss their
target. As a one-off this probably would not be very important but continuous
interference over many years it is argued can lead to many illnesses.

A similar effect is that the destination for some of
these hormones, neurotransmitters, antibodies is a surface of a cell where
chemicals will pass through a membrane into a cell. If you think of a cell
in our body, be it a brain cell, bone cell etc, as having a positive and
negative charge on the outside and the inside similar to a battery the
difference in these charges will draw the chemical into the cell or draw
poisonous substances out of the cell. If the charge is changed on the outside
of the cell, then necessary chemicals may not go in or poisonous chemicals
may not go out. An analogy to that would be - think of your house as a
cell in your body. Essential things like food, water and fuel come into
the house and poisonous things like waste and gases leave the house. In
fact a house is very similar in many ways to a cell in our body. Now, if
we had a blockage and waste could not leave the house or sometimes food
or electricity did not come into the house, over a short period of time
we would survive this, but continual disruption over many years will probably
have a knock-on effect on the health of the inhabitants particularly if
they are young or frail. This is my explanation of how electromagnetic
waves affect our cells.

A final description is possibly the accumulative effect
of all the particles going through the body each second. Each particle
and for TETRA we are talking about 400,000,000 particles a second carries
a small amount of momentum with it. As an analogy, imagine you are driving
down the M1 in the largest lorry you could possibly imagine and you are
hit by the smallest dust particle you could ever imagine. Obviously the
dust particle will not effect the speed or momentum of your lorry but if
you have 400,000,000 dust particles a second for many years they could
if something else was going wrong with your lorry exacerbate the effect
and slow your lorry, and that is the crucial point. All of these effects
I have described are believed to have one final conclusion. They all in
their own way suppress the immune system. When you suppress the immune
system as I will show in research papers, you tend to have more colds,
more coughs, longer colds, longer coughs, longer illnesses, depression,
anxiety leading to suicide or taken to its ultimate - leukaemia.

I will summarise just four of what I consider to be extremely
well written research papers by arguably the worlds leading scientists
in this field. There are other leading scientists of course but I cannot
list them all in this report. I am using these as specimen papers.

When I refer to research papers I am not referring to
something that somebody has sat down one Sunday afternoon and just written.
These research papers have sometimes hundreds of references in the back
and each reference on its own is usually 5-10 years work by a group of
scientists where their work would have been peer reviewed, and in a lot
of cases published. So for arguments sake, if a paper has say 100 references
in the back that could well constitute 500-1,000 years accumulative work.

The first paper (Appendix 2, Reference 2) by Dr Neil
Cherry was presented in May 2000 to the New Zealand Parliament, to Italy,
Austria, Ireland and the European Parliament in Brussels. This paper has
122 references. I have photocopied the references to show that as well
as being peer reviewed, many are published. I will do this with the other
three papers (Appendix 3).

From this research paper some illnesses caused by

long-term low level electromagnetic radiation are:

Heart problems;

Blood problems;

Interference with bone marrow;

Tumours;

Calcium interference;

46% reduction in night-time melatonin;

It is believed that during the daytime light going through
our eyes passes a message to the pineal glands in the brain which slows
down the production of melatonin. At night when no light goes through our
eyes the production of melatonin is speeded up. Melatonin is believed to
scavenge cancer cells and impurities in our bodies and boost the immune
system. If an officer is sleeping in quarters within range of the TETRA
transmitter, the microwave radiation is believed to act on the pineal gland
and suppress the night-time melatonin to daytime levels; hence the good
work of the melatonin at night will be restricted leading to suppression
of the immune system.

Increased arthritis

Skin problems

Ear problems

Risk to leukaemia

Childhood cancer

Sleep problems

Depression

Memory loss

Difficulty in concentrating

Mental conditions

A very recent discovery shows that microwave radiation
changes the permeability of the blood brain barrier. Our brain has its
own immune system as does our body. The blood brain barrier keeps everything
that is designed to be kept within the brain inside it and protects the
brain from any unwanted diseases or chemicals which could harm it. Similarly
it allows out of the brain anything dangerous to the brain. The blood brain
barrier is rather like a sieve where only particles of a certain size may
go through. Professor Salford at Lund University in Sweden has shown that
such pulsing as from mobile phones can alter the permeability of the blood
brain barrier (Appendix 4, Reference 3). I will argue as TETRA pulses,
which is arguably more powerful than the average mobile phone, this situation
could be worse with TETRA.

Also, it is shown that the electromagnetic radiation
going into the body can change the size of the particles moving around
the body (Reference 4). This is rather like an ice skater spinning on her
skates. With her arms out she spins slowly, but if she pulls her arms in
she spins faster. Microwaves can affect the particles in our body by changing
their spin; hence their size. They can be made smaller or larger. With
the changing of the permeability of the blood brain barrier and the changing
in size of particles unwanted particles may enter the brain or necessary
particles may leave the brain. The connection here with mental conditions
is that Dr Hyland of Warwick University has written that the uptake of
drugs; in particular neurological drugs is inhibited because of changes
in the blood brain barrier.

Neurological illnesses

Headaches

Dizzyness

Fatigue

Miscarriage, and

Infertility

I have listed all of the references on this particular
research paper because all of these researches correspond to the above
list.

The second paper I would like to comment on (Appendix
5, Reference 5) has 80 references and as well as a lot of the illnesses
written in Dr Cherry's paper goes on to mention that with regard to mobile
phone handsets you should avoid keeping the handset when switched on adjacent
to the body, in particular in the vicinity of the waist or heart. There
have been deaths due to colon cancer from the Royal Ulster Constabulary
who wore radio or microwave transmitters in the small of their backs for
extended periods of time. Dr Hyland recommends keeping the duration of
calls to an absolute minimum and on his back page relating to pulse mobile
phone radiation on alive humans and animals, the following may occur:

Epileptic activity

Effects on human EEG

Effects on blood pressure

Depression of immune systems

Increased permeability of the blood brain barrier

Effects on brain electro-chemistry

DNA damage in rodent brain

Cancers in mice, and

Synergistic effects with certain drugs

Dr Hyland, in my opinion, is one of the world's leading
authorities in this area and his advice is not to be dismissed lightly.
Similarly, another very highly respected scientist is Dr Coghill. I would
add that both Dr Hyland and Dr Coghill are members of the Stewart Committee.

Dr Coghill's paper which has 218 references (Appendix
6, Reference 6) agrees largely with the work by Dr Hyland and Dr Cherry.
In this paper, Section 1.16, Dr Coghill writes "the ultimate question
must be whether chronic exposure to say

1 V/m electric fields at the envisaged frequencies is
likely to produce adverse health effects in the long term. At present the
NRPB guidelines recommend an investigation level of 192 V/m while ICNIRP
now offers much lower levels. However these are based on thermal effects:
if non thermal evidence is accepted than 1 V/m is demonstrably able to
induce biological effects, some of which may be adverse".

I will show in a later paper that TETRA delivers a lot
more than the 1 V/m recommended as a maximum by Dr Coghill.

Dr Coghill also, in his summary in the back, lists symptoms
caused by mobile phone use. Again, I will argue that as TETRA is pulsed
and pulsed radiation is arguably more aggressive than the continuous analogue
wave and TETRA uses more power than the ordinary mobile the symptoms will
be enhanced rather than be reduced for TETRA. The symptoms listed by Dr
Coghill are:

Fatigue

Headache

Warmth behind the ear

Warmth on the ear, and

Burning skin

My final paper by a very highly respected New Zealand
doctor, Dr Eklund (Appendix 7, Reference 7) which has 37 references shows
leukaemia clusters in and around ordinary radio and TV transmitters around
the world. She says on page 13 that adult leukaemia within 2 kilometres
of a transmitter is 83% above expected and significantly declines within
increasing distance from the transmitter. Similarly skin and bladder cancers
follow a similar pattern. As a scientist I could argue that if leukaemia's'
and cancers are known to exist from ordinary radio and TV transmitters
which take many years to form and radio and TV waves are at the long end
of the electromagnetic spectrum, and it is known that exposure to gamma
rays or x-rays can cause death within a matter of weeks, a hypothetical
line could be drawn from the long waves to the short waves to determine
the length of time or exposure doses needed to cause such illnesses. Fitting
into this pattern would be several years exposure to sunlight causing skin
cancer. There are obvious anomalies with this; namely personal health,
hygiene and all sorts of other factors, but as a crude estimate I would
argue that the further up the electromagnetic spectrum you go, the shorter
the time for the serious illnesses to occur. The microwaves used by TETRA
are above radio and television waves. Being water-based animals we are
particularly sensitive to microwaves; this is why microwave ovens work.
Microwave ovens resonate the water molecules in food and when molecules
resonate they re-emit the energy they absorb as heat. This is why the food
warms up and the plate does not, because it does not contain water.

The warmth on and behind the ear felt by users of mobile
phones is one type of heat. Another type of heat unknown to the user, therefore
not reported are hotspots within the body from microwaves. These hotspots
are tiny areas in the body which warm up considerably when exposed to microwave
radiation. The problem with warming up areas inside the body is that a
very recent research paper has shown that heat shock proteins are produced
to protect the cells in the body from damage. Heat shock proteins act rather
like scaffolding around a building; they go around the cell and protect
the DNA from damage from the heat. Heat shock proteins have been known
to work when the temperature rises by just 2 degrees. Now the problem with
heat shock proteins is as well as protecting the good cells they can also
protect and save from destruction cancer cells. So, if you have a cell
in your body which is turning cancerous and would normally be destroyed
by the body's immune system, the heat shock proteins will protect it and
it will continue to grow. This work was carried out by Dr David de Pomerai,
of Nottingham University (Appendix 8, Reference 8).

A report on mobile telephones and their transmitters
by the French Health General Directorate, dated January 2001, states in
its conclusion of the group of experts that "a variety of biological
effects occur at energy levels that do not cause any rise in local temperature".
The group ask "is it possible to state that there are no health risks?"
and they reply "No". They go on to say "minimise the use
of mobile telephones when reception is poor, use an earpiece kit and avoid
carrying mobile phones close to potentially sensitive tissue, i.e. a pregnant
woman's abdomen or adolescent gonads". They recommend hospitals, day-care
centres and schools should not be directly in the path of the transmission
beam. Also and very important, they say "the cumulative exposure over
their lifetime will be higher ". The word cumulative is also mentioned
by Professor Sosskind and Dr Prausnitz in their paper (Reference 9) where
they say "an accumulated cellular level damage mechanism is not necessarily
related to the intensity but can relate to total dose Hence the averaging
of weekly exposure is a meaningful adverse effect related level".

This accumulative factor puts a very different slant
on doses of microwave radiation. In particular an accumulative level of
radiation can build up very quickly when you receive 400,000,000 waves
every single second. This is why scientists are concerned and warnings
have been issued for people with pacemakers, hearing aids, insulin pumps
in relation to interference of their apparatus from electromagnetic waves.
Warnings are also given to persons with metal implants in their bodies.
These implants can a) warm up; and b) absorb the microwave radiation and
re-emit it at a different wavelength. I have been around the world talking
to scientists and we agree, although it cannot be proved, that the recent
incidents in breast cancers in ladies could be due to the metal underwiring
in bras absorbing microwave radiation and re-emitting it at a different
wavelength into the mammary glands of the breast. The mammary glands are
known to be particularly sensitive to radiation and they are known to be
easily changed into cancer cells.

Following this line of thought, I would argue scientifically
that using a TETRA handset, remembering that if you are using a TETRA handset
you must also be receiving radiation from the main transmitter, i.e. you
do not just have the radiation from the phone you would have the radiation
from the transmitter as well, or the phone would not work, could enhance
breast cancer in the lady police officers. A similar argument follows with
the argument that the eyes receive 29% extra radiation because of their
moist make-up. Metal-rimmed spectacles will absorb the microwave radiation
and re-emit it onto the surface of the eye. Again, unproven, but I can
follow the arguments that support the two recent research papers which
have found increases in eye cancers in two separate areas of the eye. One
cancer has been found in the side of the eye, one cancer has been found
in the front of the eye (Appendix 9, Reference 10) (Appendix 10, Reference
11).

As a result of using pulsed mobile phones, again I will
argue that as TETRA is more powerful than the average mobile there could
be long-term damage to the eyes of the officers using TETRA.

A union document (Reference 12) printed 4 December 1979
for microwave transmitters up to 100,000 MHz warns its members of the following
illnesses which may occur from accumulative exposure:

They say "a false sense of safety may exist and
non-thermal effects are much lower than have been recognised". The
TETRA system of 380-400 MHz is within this range of this union paper. I
emphasise that these effects are not new; they were being reported on as
far back as 1979 and further on in this paper I will show documents that
relate to exposure effects going way back to the early 1960s. A very important
sentence in this research paper states "non-ionising radiation increases
molecular vibration and rotational energies". I will refer to this
further on in this document.

INSURANCE

Two of the worlds largest insurance companies, Lloyds
and Swiss Re, have recommended to other insurance companies on the advice
of Dr Theodore Litivitz, Professor Emeritus of Physics at the Catholic
University of America, to write in exclusion clauses against paying compensation
for illnesses caused by continuous long-term low level radiation. My concern
for the police force, although adequately insured, is that if in future
years officers start claiming for spine or brain tumours the insurance
company will terminate its contract with the police force and leave it
uninsured.

SURVEYS

Two recent surveys printed in Electromagnetic Hazard
& Therapy 1998, Volume 9 and 2000, Volume 11; the first of a study
of 11,000 mobile phone users, the second a study of 17,000 mobile users
showed the symptoms already mentioned of fatigue, headache, warmth behind
the ear, warmth on the ear and burning skin in various degrees, depending
on the use and type of person. From the 17,000 persons studied, these symptoms
varied from 31% to 78% of the users. If I take the lowest number of 31%
as a purely hypothetical exercise which is easily dismissed as rubbish,
but does give us a look at some of the numbers that could be involved;
if we take 100,000 police officers then 31,000 of these officers could
experience one symptom. Playing the numbers game, if these 31,000 that
experienced one symptom were to progress to a more complicated level, let's
argue 10% of them may develop a migraine or a headache or require one day's
sick we would have 3,100 officers taking a day's sick. If 10% of those
developed something more serious that required further sickness we would
have 310 officers off sick. If we take 10% of those and suggest that something
more serious may occur then we could be looking at 31 officers, or I would
argue 31 families, per hundred thousand involved in something which may
develop into a serious medical condition. I stress that this is hypothetical
because it is very difficult to predict the future for a device that has
not been tested and there are no long-term studies available.

As an aside it was noted last year that the Public &
Commercial Services Union recommended to its 266,000 Civil Service members
that they should not be forced to carry mobile phones.

GROUND CURRENTS

A very little understood phenomena and reported by Dr
D Dahlberg (Reference 13) is ground currents from living in the proximity
of transmitters on animals. I mention this with a view to the police dogs
and the police horses in their kennels or stables at a constabulary base
which is bound to have a transmitter. All transmitters pass an electric
current to the ground beneath them. If the ground is particularly wet this
has an adverse static effect on the animals concerned and in farm animals
can effect milk productions or food production. Huge static charges are
built up in the animals and everytime they come across a metal object the
charge is discharged through the head; the nose being wet. It has been
shown that if animals are taken away from this environment they recover
very quickly, yet in the environment of ground currents they also become
very sick very quickly. I am particularly concerned for the acutely sensitive
brains and organs of the highly trained police dogs.

Three years ago when a lot of research papers individually
were being dismissed I decided to look at several of the main papers and
show that there was a knock-on effect in the body. I drew two flow diagrams
showing the knock-on effects from approximately 25 research papers to show
that even if one symptom is dismissed there can be an accumulative effect
throughout the body. The two flow charts - Appendix 11 relates to the body
and Appendix 12 relates to the brain, show clearly that our body systems
are very closely interlinked.

Taking TETRA's lowest operating power level of 2W I wrote
a hypothetical equation, and being hypothetical it is very easily dismissed,
which shows that at the 2W cell activity may be accelerated by a factor
of 6 or slows down by a factor of 7.5.

There are experimental papers which do in fact show that
mobile phones may speed up thought processes or may slow down cellular
activity. I have tried to explain this using theoretical physics. I based
my paper on the already previously mentioned accumulative doses and increased
molecular vibration (please see previous references). I am fully prepared
to be told that I am wrong or mistaken but I believe I can explain the
process by which energy once inside the body affects the cell potential
(charge on the outside of the cell), the signal transduction (movement
from the outside to the inside of the cell) and the cell cycle timing (the
process by which our cells operate). I have placed this calculation in
Appendix 13.

Often overlooked are the electromagnetic waves from the
cables and transformers of all electrical transmitters. These are usually
in cabinets near the transmitters, hence near offices or sleeping quarters
on constabulary bases or near kennels or stables. A research paper published
in the Journal of Biological Chemistry in 1998 (Reference 14) describes
the 50 cycles a second waves emitted by transformers and power cables,
and how they may induce leukaemia. Although the NRPB and the National Grid
have denied that these waves are dangerous both this paper and an article
in the New Scientist dated 10 March 2001, page 7 which reads "Guilty
as Charged. Powerful fields from pylons and cables are linked to childhood
cancer", demonstrates to me scientifically that these transformers
and power cables should not be overlooked.

THE CONCLUSIVE PROOF ARGUMENT

The Government's scientists will often ask for conclusive
proof when they are challenged. It is a word often used when you wish to
win your side of the argument. Scientifically conclusive proof is impossible
to obtain - let me explain.

I was at a legal hearing in Torquay representing a community
and the barrister representing the communications industry said "there
is no conclusive proof that these microwaves will cause damage". I
argued: if somebody stood up and shot me in this courtroom there would
be three levels of proof. You would have everybody as a witness and that
would be accepted in a Court of Law. A pathologist could perform a post
mortem, decide that the bullet killed me and that would be a second level
of proof. If, however you wanted conclusive proof that the bullet killed
me, you would have to argue that at the split second the bullet went into
my body every system in my body was working perfectly because there are
thousands of reasons why I could drop dead on the spot before the bullet
went in and you would have to prove conclusively that all of these systems
were working perfectly before the bullet went in. Clearly, this is scientifically
impossible; there is no such thing as conclusive proof, yet it is what
is demanded by government scientists when challenging their decisions.

Conclusive proof has been demanded by scientists defending
their decisions after they have said the following are safe:

Thalidomide

Asbestos

BSE

Smoking

Sheep dip

Gulf War Syndrome

GM Foods and

Vitamin B6

With the above list it will be recognised that evidence
of damage from these comes only from counting the people who are injured.
I am arguing scientifically that there is a blanket denial by some scientists
and the only way to show them wrong is to present them with a certain number
of bodies. When commercial interests are at stake there seems to be a denial
of relevant scientific data. The problem with the microwave communications
industry is that they do not have to prove it is safe; you have to prove
it is not, and that is an entirely different ball game. As a scientist,
if I develop a new pill I have to run a 5 or 10 year clinical trial and
convince a Board of my peers that it is safe before I have permission to
release the pill onto the market. With the telecommunications industry
the tables are completely turned around. They do not have to show these
instruments are safe; you have to show they are not.

UNDERSTANDING RADIATION (MICROWAVE AS IN TETRA)

There are unknown phenomena concerning low level radiation
that is not generally understood by the users of communication instruments.
Following the Chernobyl incident it was found that long-term continuous
low level radiation of all types was as dangerous as high level doses of
radiation. With high level doses of radiation the anti-oxidants in the
body (Vitamins A, C, E etc) rush to defend and repair the area of the body
being damaged. However with low level radiation the anti-oxidants are not
activated and because the dose is accumulative the problems can build up
and are usually present before the body realises that there is trouble.
So, low level does not necessarily mean safer. Also the smaller you are
the more you tend to absorb. Wavelengths for TETRA and mobile phones are
relatively short and the nearer the part of the body or the infant to the
wavelength the more similarity they have to an aerial and the more they
absorb. With ordinary mobiles the wavelength is around the size of a foetus
and with TETRA you are looking at a 3-6 year old child. I mention this
because TETRA may be used in areas where children are running around and
there are very well known and documented cases of pulse radiation affecting
epileptic children.

Pulse radiation from TETRA at 17.6 Hz (waves per second)
is known to interfere with our natural brains rhythm. Our brains generate
their own waves within our head. One of these waves, called beta waves
is on a very similar frequency to the TETRA handsets. What happens is:
If you could imagine yourself jumping on a trampoline and somebody larger
and heavier jumps on and dances at a slightly different speed you will
bounce at their pace rather than yours. When they jump off you will still
bounce at their speed. The jumping on of the person onto the trampoline
is known as entrainment and this occurs when the TETRA is used in close
proximity to an officer's brain. Because TETRA affects the beta rhythm
of the brain it will affect what the beta rhythm is responsible for; namely
sounds judgement in emergency situations. Entrainment is always followed
by a phenomena called long-term potentiation. This is an analogous to the
person getting off the trampoline leaving you dancing. Long-term potentiation
has been known to last several weeks after the initial source has died
down. The implications for this are that the officers' brain waves would
continue to suffer entrainment even after the sets have been switched off,
which would be reinforced everytime the sets are switched on again.

The first paper written on this subject was by a scientist
called Ptolomy who was a Greek living in Egypt in 64BC. Ptolomy found that
when he spun a wheel with holes in up against the sun at different rotational
speeds he could induce different effects on the brains of his subjects.
To get an idea of the complexity of the brain, if you imagine every single
person in every single city in the world picking up their telephone and
dialling everybody in their phonebooks, that is roughly how many connections
we have in the brain. I will show later that even the Stewart Committee
advised against using any communication instruments that pulsed above 16
waves per second. TETRA is of course 17.6 waves per second.

MY SCIENTIFIC CONCERNS ABOUT THE NRPB

From a court case towards the end of 1998 Dr McKinlay
was questioned in court about the use of mobile phones. Dr McKinlay is
a senior scientist in the NRPB. It is known that roughly half of the NRPB's
funding comes from the industries it represents, the other half of its
funding comes from the Government. In court Dr McKinlay explained that
data on tissue conductivity was supplied to the NRPB by Dr Camelia Gabriel
of Microwave Consultants Limited. It transpired that virtually none of
the NRPB documents on non-ionising radiation are peer reviewed and that
Dr McKinlay himself had not authored any experimental studies. Dr McKinlay
admitted he had no biological expertise. Dr Camelia Gabriel is Director
of Microwave Consultants Limited and she reports to the Home Office and
the Health & Safety Executive. She is also Chairman of the European
Standardisation Body.

To summarise, the NRPB subcontract research on microwave
radiation to Microwave Consultants Limited; namely Dr Camelia Gabriel.
Dr Camelia Gabriel is also a senior consultant for Orange plc and has authored
jointly with others the Orange Base Stations Health & Safety Manual
(please see Appendices 14 and 15). Dr Gabriel's son, also of Microwave
Consultants Limited, confirms the safety of transmitters for Orange plc
in school playgrounds (Appendix 16). This dual interest between Dr Camelia
Gabriel as representing the NRPB and Orange plc was picked up and reported
on, on 19 April 1999, by The Observer where Sarah Ryle writes "concerns
are increasing about industry's involvement in research. Some of the NRPB's
conclusions have been based on research by Dr Camelia Gabriel, a technical
advisor to network operator Orange and Head of Private Consultancy, Microwave
(Appendix 17).

The problem as I see it is that when it comes to asking
about safety concerning TETRA or any other communication instrument there
is not one single independent person to give an answer. Every single person
who has a word to say about the safety of police officers is somehow in
the "food chain" going back to the communications industry. The
communications industry fund the NRPB and the Government who fund Microwave
Consultants Limited so every single person has a financial interest in
recommending the product.

THE ABSOLUTE PARADOX

Since the early 1960s this country, America and Russia
have had what is called the non-lethal weapons programme or synthetic telepathy
programme. It is very well documented now that in the early 1960s in Moscow
the Russians beamed continuous low level radiation (microwaves) down onto
the American Embassy causing miscarriages, leukaemia's and other illnesses
to the Embassy staff. Since then the non-lethal weapons programme has become
very sophisticated indeed. It is used a) as a long-term low level radiation
weapon to cause populations illness and b) at higher intensities to cause
blindness, heart attacks or confusion. Details of all of the intensities
are unknown to me but knowing that microwave radiation is accumulative,
any effect can only be a matter of time. In quoting this research I refer
to documents listed under Reference 15. So sophisticated is this research,
and I refer to Operation Pandora Joint CIA/MI6 Operation since the 1960s,
Operation Woodpecker USSR 1976, Operation HAARP still running in USA; they
are able to define specific pulse frequencies to cause specific brain malfunctions
or illnesses. For instance:

Frequency Illness Caused

4.5 Paranoia

6.6 Depression/Suicide

11 Manic behaviour/Anger

25 Blindness if aimed at the head/Heart attack if aimed
at the chest

Other consequences of frequencies used but not listed
here are hysteria, trauma, lust, murder and cancer, and may all be induced.

The TETRA frequency is 17.6 Hz (waves per second) so
as a scientist looking at this data which is well publicised I ask myself,
if the illnesses moving up the frequency range are progressive and TETRA
is between the frequency of 11 and 25 on this table, what will be the effect
of TETRA's 17.6 waves per second on the brains of the police force? This
phenomena cannot be denied by the NRPB; it is listed in their own document
which I will refer to later in this paper, where on page 26 they have described
how at 8 waves per second animals can be made to fall asleep and at different
frequencies behave differently in various parts of their brains.

As this phenomena is written about by the NRPB for 8
waves per second I would like to know what other research they have for
other frequencies in and around the TETRA range.

HAARP, which is being researched by a nun, Dr Rosalie
Bertell, who is concerned about what it represents along with other scientists
knows that HAARP is capable of bouncing low level continuous microwave
radiation pulsed off the ionosphere to any community in the world and may
cause cataracts, leukaemia, changes in blood brain chemistry, changes in
blood sugar levels, blood pressure and heart rates.

The paradox of course is how can one system of pulsed
microwaved radiation be used as a weapon to cause illness or death and
at the same frequency and unless close range, a similar low intensity be
used as a safe communications instrument. Following this research I fail
to see how TETRA can possibly be safe for the officers which use it.

This argument is further reinforced by a Channel Four
document (Reference 16) and I quote: "The telecoms industry has known
about American research suggesting there may be brain effects from TETRA
for at least a year". "The research suggests that TETRA radios
may have a direct effect on the brain's bio chemistry". "The
researchers found that balance changed when brain cells were exposed to
pulsed radio signals".

On page 4 it is quoted "the Government was warned
about the issue last year. The Stewart Report into mobile phones recommended
research into pulsed signals and suggested the technology be avoided As
a precautionary measure amplitude modulation (pulses) around 16 Hz should
be avoided if possible". He continues "what the frequency of
17.6 Hz is doing is duplicating microwave weapons which you buy at arms
fairs. So by holding one of these devices to their heads they are putting
a small microwave weapon to their head everytime they use it". He
finishes "but there is enough to warrant asking why the system is
being rolled out before the proper research has been conducted into an
effect which not only falls outside all the existing regulations but which
the Government advises on mobile phones believes it important enough they
recommend the technology not to be used and which the military authorities
apparently believe is so powerful that they can design non-lethal weapons
to disrupt the minds of their targets".

In Electromagnetic Hazard & Therapy 2001, Volume
11, Numbers 2-4, Page 9, Simon Best says when writing about microwave crowd
control weapons "after 20 years of rumours and speculation the Pentagon
has finally confirmed that it has developed a device as part of its joint
non-lethal weapons programme " He continues "in the UK many of
the women protestors at Greenham Common in the 1980s experienced symptoms
that they attributed to being zapped by microwave weapons from the US base".

Reported in The Guardian, Tuesday 8 May 2001 (Appendix
18) Stuart Millar and Stuart MacWilliam write "two independent experts
on the biological effects of electromagnetic radiation have accused Ministers
of using the police as guinea pigs by pressing on with the launch of the
BT Airwave System in the absence of detailed research into potential health
risks". They continue "last year Sir William Stewart's report
on mobile phone safety concluded that systems modulating at frequencies
around 16 Hz should be avoided if possible in future developments of signal
coding". They conclude "low frequency electromagnetic radiation
was identified as far back as the 1960s as a potential anti-personnel weapon
when the superpowers began conducting experiments into non-lethal mind
control devices".

Low level pulsed signals have even been tried in the
oceans. It was reported (Reference 17) by Gibby Zobel that the whales and
dolphins beached themselves because their delicate navigation systems were
damaged by the low level pulses. This is not surprising as like us they
are mammals. The comment from the Minister at the time was "it's their
fault for being in that part of the ocean when they could have moved away".

Reporting in The Sunday Express, 4 February 2001, Nick
Fleming writes "BT advise officers to turn off the handsets when they
are near sensitive hospital, breathalyser and speed camera equipment Officers
are also being advised to mount speed traps or breath tests only if the
equipment is 35 ft from their handsets or 11 ft from radio sets in their
cars". He concludes "someone using a TETRA handset will be receiving
between 2 and 4 times as much power or energy as if they were using a mobile
phone. The low frequency also means about double the penetration into the
head".

Another document (Reference 18), Mr Stevens quoting from
a US Defence document writes "if the more advanced nations of the
West are strict in the enforcement of stringent exposure standards there
could be unfavourable effects on industrial output and military functions".
Listed in this document are all of the symptoms we now come to expect with
long-term low level microwave radiation; for example "personnel exposed
to microwave radiation below thermal levels experience more neurological
cardio-vascular and haemodynamic disturbances than do their unexposed counterparts".
Further down the document other symptoms include hypertension, changes
in blood, headache, fatigue, menstrual di

ADDING UP ALL OF THE WAVES THAT YOU ARE EXPOSED TO

An officer on duty may be exposed to his or her own handset,
plus the handsets of officers around, plus the transmitter, plus anything
else that happens to be on around them, i.e. vehicles. It may seem fairly
easy for people to think that all you have to do is add up the radiation
from each source, but in fact it can be very complicated and I would argue
so complicated that scientists have yet to agree on a standard formula.