Monday, December 23, 2013

A neutrino sky map based on data taken with 40 and 59 strings in the IceCube detector.
Image credit: Juan Aguilar/IceCube.

Astrophysical neutrinos are produced in the interactions of cosmic rays
with an ambient medium of gas (protons) and photons of different
energies. Once produced, these cosmic neutrinos can propagate
cosmological distances and reach the Earth practically without
interactions. They therefore carry unique information about the sources
of cosmic rays, their acceleration and the composition of the most
energetic phenomena in the universe. See:Looking at the neutrino sky

Those are the colorful names given to two events observed over the last
couple of years by Ice Cube. What makes them remarkable is their very
high energies; over 30 trillion electron volts (TeV). See: Neutrinos From the Sky

A 200 GeV iron shower, animated

Air shower formation in the atmosphere. First proton collides with an air molecule creating pions, protons and neutrons.

Friday, October 18, 2013

Fig. 1. AMS, far left, was installed by NASA on the International Space
Station on 19 May 2011, where it is the only major physical science
experiment. It will operate there for the station's lifetime of
approximately 20 years.
Image credit: NASA.

AMS-02 is a large particle detector by space standards and built using
the concepts and technologies developed for experiments at particle
accelerators but adapted to the extremely hostile environment of space.
Measuring 5 × 4 × 3 m3, it weighs 7.5 tonnes. Reliability,
performance and redundancy are the key features for the safe and
successful operation of this instrument in space (CERN Courier July/August 2011 p18 and p23). See: AMS-02 provides a precise measure of cosmic rays

It's important I think to see the context of particle reductionism in the proper light as we examine what goes on in LHC. Doing AMSII work on space station at the same time, we see from space those energies which help us to understand the naturalness of the work being done.

Friday, August 16, 2013

The commissioning of the ATLAS detector with physics data started more than three years ago with cosmic rays. This has enabled us to put in place the full operation chain, from the trigger and data acquisition up to the analysis all over the world. Thanks to this intense commissioning campaign, ATLAS was ready to collect data already during the first day of LHC single beam operations on the 10th of September in 2008. Commissioning of the ATLAS detector with cosmic rays and first LHC beams

There is no doubt that I would move fast forward to the culmination of everything that is a part of the atlas experiment to have said the final result is what is to be gained by measure. The Calorimeter view just seemed natural as the going on of Glast, now called Fermi would have shown it's own construction as a necessary element of that measure in calorimeter design. So of course jumping ahead one needed to carry certain assumptions, and for me this was about the cosmic particle events that lay at the foundation of the universe in it's informative style as reductionist in nature.

There is a little confusion on my part here about the simultaneous view that what is in the pipeline has a strong correlation to what we seek of, in cosmic particle collisions. The energies involved, as decay products. So as I looked at this article and the phenomenological correspondence necessary I needed to understand that effects of such operations, current in the cosmos could have somehow contaminated the results they were seeking through controlled processes. So how was this done is the issue here and how such data cannot be influenced by what is currently happening in the cosmos.

Neutrino Events-A compilation of some cool and unique neutrino events captured by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory.

As a layman it was of interest that my developing perspective about the cosmos at this scale sought some kind of revelation in the way research would have been done experimentally. So this was a challenge to me that I could see the scale at which the cosmos picture was developing microscopically on a large scale could have been part and parcel exemplified in this research as the cosmological view. It just seemed natural to me the effect of what was happening on earth was somehow translated in how the earth itself sat in the cosmos as a participant bathed in the cosmos glory.

In a sense I have felt belittled by the idea that my seeking of the workings of the cosmos would have fell to such materialistic views. Of course I want to know how it all works. But truly this is the way I am sure that would lead to the understanding of something very important about the way in which we can view the universe. At some point, there is an exchange taking pace about how such matters form, and there is no other way in which to derive this but to further dissect the nature of particulate expression but by energy disposition?

Throughout the course of my research there has been a connecting thread that has brought me to certain conclusions about matter states as they exist in the cosmos, but by identifying the particulates of the realty in which we live. So in a way it is necessary to observe that nature we are seeing as so obvious in our observation on a fundamental level, can go much deeper as we implored the the use and need of the spectrum in this wider view of the cosmos. The backdrops necessary in determining what the energy is saying as we record the events in the calorimetry design, how ever this is constructed.

In this same way as cosmic particle collisions are derivative of the events in the cosmos, for Atlas research, CMS serves to support Atlas, and vice versa?? :)

Tuesday, March 12, 2013

Complex ideas, complex shapes Adinkras — geometric
objects that encode mathematical relationships between supersymmetric
particles — are named after symbols that represent wise sayings in West
African culture. This adinkra is called "nea onnim no sua a, ohu," which translates as "he who does not know can become knowledgeable through learning."

Now that we know a little bit about how adinkras can be used, we can
begin to discuss what they look like. All adinkras are constructed by
starting with squares, cubes and their higher-dimensional
generalizations; these structures provide a "skeleton" that is then
"decorated" by additional operations. Each of these decorations has a
mathematical significance, which I will discuss later. For the moment,
let us just concentrate on building a simple adinkra.Symbols of Power: Adinkras and the Nature of Reality

As in context of Adinkras as a language development, Feynman drawings are
illustrative of the language developed to see physic decay processes
created by describing collisions of elementary particles. So one might find that history important.

Sometimes
there is a need to see the use of powers of ten to explained the drive
perspective requires to levels that one might have not considered
before. Maybe indeed even to abstract spaces that while not being mathematically
endowed, could take us ever deeper into the reality then we had never seen
before.

Part of that process is seeing what underlays happenings
within nature, that you were not aware of before and that's why the need
to see quantum processes at work within context of seeing superficially
at what lays all around us.

You are requiring the need to drive
physics in correlation with the biological necessity of merging
theoretic in physics with natural processes.

Wednesday, February 20, 2013

The husks of exploded stars produce some of the fastest particles in the cosmos. New findings by NASA's Fermi show that two supernova remnants accelerate protons to near the speed of light. The protons interact with nearby interstellar gas clouds, which then emit gamma rays. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight CenterSee:Fermi Proves Supernova Remnants Make Cosmic Rays

Wednesday, June 06, 2012

At any given moment about 2,000 thunderstorms roll over Earth, producing
some 50 flashes of lightning every second. Each lightning burst creates
electromagnetic waves that begin to circle around Earth captured
between Earth's surface and a boundary about 60 miles up. Some of the
waves - if they have just the right wavelength - combine, increasing in
strength, to create a repeating atmospheric heartbeat known as Schumann
resonance. This resonance provides a useful tool to analyze Earth's
weather, its electric environment, and to even help determine what types
of atoms and molecules exist in Earth's atmosphere.

The waves
created by lightning do not look like the up and down waves of the
ocean, but they still oscillate with regions of greater energy and
lesser energy. These waves remain trapped inside an atmospheric ceiling
created by the lower edge of the "ionosphere" - a part of the atmosphere
filled with charged particles, which begins about 60 miles up into the
sky. In this case, the sweet spot for resonance requires the wave to be
as long (or twice, three times as long, etc) as the circumference of
Earth. This is an extremely low frequency wave that can be as low as 8
Hertz (Hz) - some one hundred thousand times lower than the lowest
frequency radio waves used to send signals to your AM/FM radio. As this
wave flows around Earth, it hits itself again at the perfect spot such
that the crests and troughs are aligned. Voila, waves acting in
resonance with each other to pump up the original signal.

While
they'd been predicted in 1952, Schumann resonances were first measured
reliably in the early 1960s. Since then, scientists have discovered that
variations in the resonances correspond to changes in the seasons,
solar activity, activity in Earth's magnetic environment, in water
aerosols in the atmosphere, and other Earth-bound phenomena.
See: Schumann resonance animation

Description

This global electromagnetic resonance phenomenon is named after physicist Winfried Otto Schumann
who predicted it mathematically in 1952. Schumann resonances occur
because the space between the surface of the Earth and the conductive
ionosphere acts as a closed waveguide. The limited dimensions of the Earth cause this waveguide to act as a resonant cavity for electromagnetic waves in the ELF
band. The cavity is naturally excited by electric currents in
lightning. Schumann resonances are the principal background in the
electromagnetic spectrum[1] beginning at 3 Hz and extend to 60 Hz,[2] and appear as distinct peaks at extremely low frequencies (ELF) around 7.86 (fundamental),[3] 14.3, 20.8, 27.3 and 33.8 Hz.[4][5]

In the normal mode descriptions of Schumann resonances, the fundamental mode is a standing wave in the Earth–ionosphere cavity with a wavelength
equal to the circumference of the Earth. This lowest-frequency (and
highest-intensity) mode of the Schumann resonance occurs at a frequency
of approximately 7.86 Hz, but this frequency can vary slightly from a
variety of factors, such as solar-induced perturbations to the
ionosphere, which comprises the upper wall of the closed cavity[citation needed]. The higher resonance modes are spaced at approximately 6.5 Hz intervals[citation needed],
a characteristic attributed to the atmosphere's spherical geometry. The
peaks exhibit a spectral width of approximately 20% on account of the
damping of the respective modes in the dissipative cavity. The eighth overtone lies at approximately 59.9 Hz.[citation needed]

Observations of Schumann resonances have been used to track global
lightning activity. Owing to the connection between lightning activity
and the Earth's climate it has been suggested that they may also be used
to monitor global temperature variations and variations of water vapor
in the upper troposphere. It has been speculated that extraterrestrial
lightning (on other planets) may also be detected and studied by means
of their Schumann resonance signatures. Schumann resonances have been
used to study the lower ionosphere on Earth and it has been suggested as
one way to explore the lower ionosphere on celestial bodies. Effects on
Schumann resonances have been reported following geomagnetic and
ionospheric disturbances. More recently, discrete Schumann resonance
excitations have been linked to transient luminous events – sprites, elves, jets, and other upper-atmospheric lightning. A new field of interest using Schumann resonances is related to short-term earthquake prediction.

History

The first documented observations of global electromagnetic resonance were made by Nikola Tesla
at his Colorado Springs laboratory in 1899. This observation led to
certain peculiar conclusions about the electrical properties of the
Earth, and which made the basis for his idea for wireless energy transmission.[6]

Tesla researched ways to transmit power and energy wirelessly over long distances (via transverse waves and longitudinal waves). He transmitted extremely low frequencies through the ground as well as between the Earth's surface and the Kennelly-Heaviside layer.
He received patents on wireless transceivers that developed standing
waves by this method. Making mathematical calculations based on his
experiments, Tesla discovered that the resonant frequency of the Earth
was approximately 8 hertz (Hz).[citation needed]
In the 1950s, researchers confirmed that the resonant frequency of the
Earth's ionospheric cavity was in this range (later named the Schumann
resonance).

The first suggestion that an ionosphere existed, capable of trapping electromagnetic waves, was made by Heaviside and Kennelly in 1902.[7][8] It took another twenty years before Edward Appleton and Barnett in 1925,[9] were able to prove experimentally the existence of the ionosphere.

Although some of the most important mathematical tools for dealing with spherical waveguides were developed by G. N. Watson in 1918,[10] it was Winfried Otto Schumann who first studied the theoretical aspects of the global resonances of the earth–ionosphere waveguide system, known today as the Schumann resonances. In 1952–1954 Schumann, together with H. L. König, attempted to measure the resonant frequencies.[11][12][13][14] However, it was not until measurements made by Balser and Wagner in 1960–1963[15][16][17][18][19]
that adequate analysis techniques were available to extract the
resonance information from the background noise. Since then there has
been an increasing interest in Schumann resonances in a wide variety of
fields.

Basic theory

Lightning discharges are considered to be the primary natural source
of Schumann resonance excitation; lightning channels behave like huge
antennas that radiate electromagnetic energy at frequencies below about 100 kHz.[20] These signals are very weak at large distances from the lightning source, but the Earth–ionosphere waveguide behaves like a resonator at ELF frequencies and amplifies the spectral signals from lightning at the resonance frequencies.[20]

The real Earth–ionosphere waveguide is not a perfect electromagnetic resonant cavity. Losses due to finite ionosphere electrical conductivity
lower the propagation speed of electromagnetic signals in the cavity,
resulting in a resonance frequency that is lower than would be expected
in an ideal case, and the observed peaks are wide. In addition, there
are a number of horizontal asymmetries – day-night difference in the
height of the ionosphere, latitudinal changes in the Earth magnetic field,
sudden ionospheric disturbances, polar cap absorption, etc. that
produce other effects in the Schumann resonance power spectra.

Measurements

Today Schumann resonances are recorded at many separate research
stations around the world. The sensors used to measure Schumann
resonances typically consist of two horizontal magnetic inductive coils for measuring the north-south and east-west components of the magnetic field, and a vertical electric dipole antenna for measuring the vertical component of the electric field.
A typical passband of the instruments is 3–100 Hz. The Schumann
resonance electric field amplitude (~300 microvolts per meter) is much
smaller than the static fair-weather electric field (~150 V/m) in the atmosphere. Similarly, the amplitude of the Schumann resonance magnetic field (~1 picotesla) is many orders of magnitude smaller than the Earth magnetic field (~30–50 microteslas).[21]
Specialized receivers and antennas are needed to detect and record
Schumann resonances. The electric component is commonly measured with a
ball antenna, suggested by Ogawa et al., in 1966,[22] connected to a high-impedance amplifier. The magnetic induction coils typically consist of tens- to hundreds-of-thousands of turns of wire wound around a core of very high magnetic permeability.

Dependence on global lightning activity

From the very beginning of Schumann resonance studies, it was known
that they could be used to monitor global lightning activity. At any
given time there are about 2000 thunderstorms around the globe.[23] Producing ~50 lightning events per second,[24] these thunderstorms create the background Schumann resonance signal.

Determining the spatial lightning distribution from Schumann
resonance records is a complex problem: in order to estimate the
lightning intensity from Schumann resonance records it is necessary to
account for both the distance to lightning sources as well as the wave
propagation between the source and the observer. The common approach is
to make a preliminary assumption on the spatial lightning distribution,
based on the known properties of lightning climatology. An alternative approach is placing the receiver at the North or South Pole, which remain approximately equidistant from the main thunderstorm centers during the day.[25] One method not requiring preliminary assumptions on the lightning distribution[26]
is based on the decomposition of the average background Schumann
resonance spectra, utilizing ratios between the average electric and
magnetic spectra and between their linear combination. This technique
assumes the cavity is spherically symmetric and therefore does not
include known cavity asymmetries that are believed to affect the
resonance and propagation properties of electromagnetic waves in the
system.

Diurnal variations

The best documented and the most debated features of the Schumann
resonance phenomenon are the diurnal variations of the background
Schumann resonance power spectrum.

A characteristic Schumann resonance diurnal record reflects the
properties of both global lightning activity and the state of the
Earth–ionosphere cavity between the source region and the observer. The
vertical electric field
is independent of the direction of the source relative to the observer,
and is therefore a measure of global lightning. The diurnal behavior of
the vertical electric field shows three distinct maxima, associated
with the three "hot spots" of planetary lightning activity: 9 UT (Universal Time) peak, linked to the increased thunderstorm
activity from south-east Asia; 14 UT peak associated with the peak in
African lightning activity; and the 20 UT peak resulting for the
increase in lightning activity in South America. The time and amplitude of the peaks vary throughout the year, reflecting the seasonal changes in lightning activity.

"Chimney" ranking

In general, the African peak is the strongest, reflecting the major
contribution of the African "chimney" to the global lightning activity.
The ranking of the two other peaks – Asian and American – is the subject
of a vigorous dispute among Schumann resonance scientists. Schumann
resonance observations made from Europe show a greater contribution from
Asia than from South America. This contradicts optical satellite and
climatological lightning data that show the South American thunderstorm
center stronger than the Asian center.,[24]
although observations made from North America indicate the dominant
contribution comes from South America. The reason for such disparity
remains unclear, but may have something to do with the 60 Hz cycling of
electricity used in North America (60 Hz being a mode of Schumann
Resonance). Williams and Sátori[27]
suggest that in order to obtain "correct" Asia-America chimney ranking,
it is necessary to remove the influence of the day/night variations in
the ionospheric conductivity (day-night asymmetry influence) from the
Schumann resonance records. On the other hand, such "corrected" records
presented in the work by Sátori et al.[28]
show that even after the removal of the day-night asymmetry influence
from Schumann resonance records, the Asian contribution remains greater
than American. Similar results were obtained by Pechony et al.[29]
who calculated Schumann resonance fields from satellite lightning data.
It was assumed that the distribution of lightning in the satellite maps
was a good proxy for Schumann excitations sources, even though
satellite observations predominantly measure in-cloud lightning rather
than the cloud-to-ground lightning that are the primary exciters of the
resonances. Both simulations – those neglecting the day-night asymmetry,
and those taking this asymmetry into account, showed same Asia-America
chimney ranking. As for today, the reason for the "invert" ranking of
Asia and America chimneys in Schumann resonance records remains unclear
and the subject requires further, targeted research.

Influence of the day-night asymmetry

In the early literature the observed diurnal variations of Schumann
resonance power were explained by the variations in the source-receiver
(lightning-observer) geometry.[15] It was concluded that no particular systematic variations of the ionosphere (which serves as the upper waveguide boundary) are needed to explain these variations.[30]
Subsequent theoretical studies supported the early estimations of the
small influence of the ionosphere day-night asymmetry (difference
between day-side and night-side ionosphere conductivity) on the observed
variations in Schumann resonance field intensities.[31]

The interest in the influence of the day-night asymmetry in the
ionosphere conductivity on Schumann resonances gained new strength in
the 1990s, after publication of a work by Sentman and Fraser.[32]
Sentman and Fraser developed a technique to separate the global and the
local contributions to the observed field power variations using
records obtained simultaneously
at two stations that were widely separated in longitude. They
interpreted the diurnal variations observed at each station in terms of a
combination of a diurnally varying global excitation modulated by the
local ionosphere height. Their work, which combined both observations
and energy conservation arguments, convinced many scientists of the
importance of the ionospheric day-night asymmetry and inspired numerous
experimental studies. However, recently it was shown that results
obtained by Sentman and Fraser can be approximately simulated with a
uniform model (without taking into account ionosphere day-night
variation) and therefore cannot be uniquely interpreted solely in terms
of ionosphere height variation.[33]

Schumann resonance amplitude
records show significant diurnal and seasonal variations which in
general coincide in time with the times of the day-night transition (the
terminator).
This time-matching seems to support the suggestion of a significant
influence of the day-night ionosphere asymmetry on Schumann resonance
amplitudes. There are records showing almost clock-like accuracy of the
diurnal amplitude changes.[28] On the other hand there are numerous days when Schumann Resonance amplitudes do not increase at sunrise or do not decrease at sunset. There are studies showing that the general behavior of Schumann resonance amplitude records can be recreated from diurnal and seasonal thunderstorm migration, without invoking ionospheric variations.[29][31]
Two recent independent theoretical studies have shown that the
variations in Schumann resonance power related to the day-night
transition are much smaller than those associated with the peaks of the
global lightning activity, and therefore the global lightning activity
plays a more important role in the variation of the Schumann resonance
power.[29][34]

It is generally acknowledged that source-observer effects are the
dominant source of the observed diurnal variations, but there remains
considerable controversy about the degree to which day-night signatures
are present in the data. Part of this controversy stems from the fact
that the Schumann resonance parameters extractable from observations
provide only a limited amount of information about the coupled lightning
source-ionospheric system geometry. The problem of inverting
observations to simultaneously infer both the lightning source function
and ionospheric structure is therefore extremely underdetermined,
leading to the possibility of nonunique interpretations.

The "inverse problem"

One of the interesting problems in Schumann resonances studies is
determining the lightning source characteristics (the "inverse
problem"). Temporally resolving each individual flash is impossible
because the mean rate of excitation by lightning, ~50 lightning events
per second globally, mixes up the individual contributions together.
However, occasionally there occur extremely large lightning flashes
which produce distinctive signatures that stand out from the background
signals. Called "Q-bursts", they are produced by intense lightning
strikes that transfer large amounts of charge from clouds to the ground,
and often carry high peak current.[22] Q-bursts can exceed the amplitude of the background signal level by a factor of 10 or more, and appear with intervals of ~10 s,[26]
which allows to consider them as isolated events and determine the
source lightning location. The source location is determined with either
multi-station or single-station techniques, and requires assuming a
model for the Earth–ionosphere cavity. The multi-station techniques are
more accurate, but require more complicated and expensive facilities.

Transient luminous events research

It is now believed that many of the Schumann resonances transients (Q bursts) are related to the transient luminous events (TLEs). In 1995 Boccippio et al.[35]
showed that sprites, the most common TLE, are produced by positive
cloud-to-ground lightning occurring in the stratiform region of a thunderstorm system, and are accompanied by Q-burst in the Schumann resonances band. Recent observations[35][36]
reveal that occurrences of sprites and Q bursts are highly correlated
and Schumann resonances data can possibly be used to estimate the global
occurrence rate of sprites.[37]

Global temperature

Williams [1992][38]
suggested that global temperature may be monitored with the Schumann
resonances. The link between Schumann resonance and temperature is
lightning flash rate, which increases nonlinearly with temperature.[38] The nonlinearity of the lightning-to-temperature relation provides a natural amplifier
of the temperature changes and makes Schumann resonance a sensitive
"thermometer". Moreover, the ice particles that are believed to
participate in the electrification processes which result in a lightning
discharge[39]
have an important role in the radiative feedback effects that influence
the atmosphere temperature. Schumann resonances may therefore help us
to understand these feedback effects. A strong link between global lightning and global temperature has not been experimentally confirmed as of 2008.

Upper tropospheric water vapor

Tropospheric water vapor is a key element of the Earth’s climate, which has direct effects as a greenhouse gas, as well as indirect effect through interaction with clouds, aerosols and tropospheric chemistry. Upper tropospheric water vapor (UTWV) has a much greater impact on the greenhouse effect than water vapor in the lower atmosphere,[40] but whether this impact is a positive, or a negative feedback is still uncertain.[41]
The main challenge in addressing this question is the difficulty in
monitoring UTWV globally over long timescales. Continental
deep-convective thunderstorms produce most of the lightning discharges on Earth. In addition, they transport large amount of water vapor into the upper troposphere, dominating the variations of global UTWV. Price [2000][42]
suggested that changes in the UTWV can be derived from records of
Schumann Resonances. According to the effective work made by the Upper
Tropospheric Water Vapor (( UTWV )), we should highlight that the
percentage of UTWV in normal condition of the Air mass can be meauserd
as a minimal quantity, so that its influence can be considered very very
low; in fact the higher percentage of it can be only found in the lower
Tropspheric layers. But in the case of a high quantity of UTWV in the
highest level of Troposphere, due to a warmer air mass of atlantic
origins, for istance, the Water vapor, due to the low air temperature
((about minus 60 Degrees )) it turns into ice cristal, becoming clouds
as Cirrus or Cirrus Stratus: no Water vapour exists as gas with so low
temperature. So, we can say that the affirmation that Water vapor
interacts with cloud, can be considered wrong as the clouds both those
of low level of ((Atmosphere)) and those of higher levels of it are made
of condensed or cristallised Water Vapor.

Schumann resonances on other planets

The existence of Schumann-like resonances is conditioned primarily by two factors: (1) a closed, planetary-sized spherical[dubious– discuss]
cavity, consisting of conducting lower and upper boundaries separated
by an insulating medium. For the earth the conducting lower boundary is
its surface, and the upper boundary is the ionosphere. Other planets may
have similar electrical conductivity geometry, so it is speculated that
they should possess similar resonant behavior. (2) source of electrical
excitation of electromagnetic waves in the ELF range. Within the Solar System there are five candidates for Schumann resonance detection besides the Earth: Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and its moon Titan.

Modeling Schumann resonances on the planets and moons of the Solar System is complicated by the lack of knowledge of the waveguide
parameters. No in situ capability exists today to validate the results,
but in the case of Mars there have been terrestrial observations of
radio emission spectra that have been associated with Schumann
resonances.[43]
The reported radio emissions are not of the primary electromagnetic
Schumann modes, but rather of secondary modulations of the nonthermal
microwave emissions from the planet at approximately the expected
Schumann frequencies, and have not been independently confirmed to be
associated with lightning activity on Mars. There is the possibility
that future lander missions could carry in situ instrumentation to
perform the necessary measurements. Theoretical studies are primarily
directed to parameterizing the problem for future planetary explorers.

The strongest evidence for lightning on Venus comes from the impulsive electromagnetic waves detected by Venera
11 and 12 landers. Theoretical calculations of the Schumann resonances
at Venus were reported by Nickolaenko and Rabinowicz [1982][44] and Pechony and Price [2004].[45] Both studies yielded very close results, indicating that Schumann resonances should be easily detectable on that planet given a lightning source of excitation and a suitably located sensor.

On Mars detection of lightning activity has been reported by Ruf et al. [2009].[43]
The evidence is indirect and in the form of modulations of the
nonthermal microwave spectrum at approximately the expected Schumann
resonance frequencies. It has not been independently confirmed that
these are associated with electrical discharges on Mars. In the event
confirmation is made by direct, in situ observations, it would verify
the suggestion of the possibility of charge separation and lightning
strokes in the Martian dust storms made by Eden and Vonnegut [1973][46] and Renno et al. [2003].[47] Martian global resonances were modeled by Sukhorukov [1991],[48] Pechony and Price [2004][45] and Molina-Cuberos et al. [2006].[49]
The results of the three studies are somewhat different, but it seems
that at least the first two Schumann resonance modes should be
detectable. Evidence of the first three Schumann resonance modes is
present in the spectra of radio emission from the lightning detected in
Martian dust storms.[43]

It was long ago suggested that lightning discharges may occur on Titan,[50] but recent data from Cassini–Huygens seems to indicate that there is no lightning activity on this largest satellite of Saturn. Due to the recent interest in Titan, associated with the Cassini–Huygens
mission, its ionosphere is perhaps the most thoroughly modeled today.
Schumann resonances on Titan have received more attention than on any
other celestial body, in works by Besser et al. [2002],[51] Morente et al. [2003],[52] Molina-Cuberos et al. [2004],[53] Nickolaenko et al. [2003][54] and Pechony and Price [2004].[45] It appears that only the first Schumann resonance mode might be detectable on Titan.

Jupiter
is the only planet where lightning activity has been optically
detected. Existence of lightning activity on that planet was predicted
by Bar-Nun [1975][55] and it is now supported by data from Galileo, Voyagers 1 and 2, Pioneers 10 and 11 and Cassini. Saturn is also expected to have intensive lightning activity, but the three visiting spacecrafts – Pioneer 11 in 1979, Voyager 1 in 1980 and Voyager 2 in 1981, failed to provide any convincing evidence from optical observations. The strong storm monitored on Saturn by the Cassini spacecraft
produced no visible lightning flashes, although electromagnetic sensors
aboard the spacecraft detected signatures that are characteristic of
lightning. Little is known about the electrical parameters of Jupiter and Saturn interior. Even the question of what should serve as the lower waveguide boundary is a non-trivial one in case of the gaseous planets. There seem to be no works dedicated to Schumann resonances on Saturn. To date there has been only one attempt to model Schumann resonances on Jupiter.[56]
Here, the electrical conductivity profile within the gaseous atmosphere
of Jupiter was calculated using methods similar to those used to model
stellar interiors, and it was pointed out that the same methods could be
easily extended to the other gas giants Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
Given the intense lightning activity at Jupiter, the Schumann resonances
should be easily detectable with a sensor suitably positioned within
the planetary-ionospheric cavity.

Interest in Schumann resonances extends beyond the domain of geophysics where it initially began, to the fields of bioenergetics[57] and acupuncture.[57] Critics[who?] claim that the studies that support these applications are inconclusive and that further studies are needed.

A small study in Japan found that blood pressure was lowered by the
Schumann resonance, with the effects on human health needing to be
investigated further.[58]