Questionnaire
The first-stage questionnaire was originally written in the
Russian language jointly by the researchers from all regions
where the survey was to be conducted. This version was the
standard for all other versions. The translation into the
Estonian language was done by the research team in Estonia. The
questionnaires in Russian and Estonian are identical. Both
versions of the questionnaire were printed by the Printing and
Publishing Department of Tartu University.
Some regions also included additional questions or used
additional methods. In cooperation with the Vocational Guidance
Center of Tartu University, two tests: J.Holland's personality
types (Holland,J.L.(1985) A theory of vocational personalities
and work environments.Englewood Cliffs,NY:Prentice Hall) and
General Aptitude Test Battary- GATB (Methology test development
guide.Volume 2.Nov.1967.US Department of Labor.), as well as the
questionnaire, were administered to certain study groups in the
first-stage survey in Estonia. In addition, students' academic
performance (i.e., their marks or grades) in 10 main subjects was
measured. The presented data file does not contain these
additional variables.
Like the first-stage questionnaire, the second-stage
questionnaire was put together in the Russian language in close
cooperation between the researchers from all regions where the
survey was conducted. But at the second stage, there were two
versions of the questionnaire: one for the students and another
for the nonstudents (mainly working youth).
In addition to items common to all respondents, the two
versions of the questionnaires included special items for
students and working youth. The order of questions in the
versions for students and nonstudents differed; however, the
order of common variables has been made identical for both groups
in the data file. The order of variables V1-V258 corresponds to
the order of questions in the questionnaire for nonstudents. In
addition, V259-V285 were gathered for both groups. V286-V338 are
the special variables from the questionnaire for students; they
are absent in the case of nonstudents. Students have missing
values on all variables that concerned only working youth.
The Estonian translation and comparison of the Estonian and
Russian versions were done by the research group members. For
Estonia, both versions of the second-stage questionnaire were
printed at Tartu University.
Later one inconsistency between the Estonian and Russian
versions of the second-stage questionnaire was discovered in the
nonstudent's questionnaire. On item V25 (length of studies since
the attainment of a secondary education during the past 3 years),
the Estonian questionnaire omitted response-interval 2-2.5 years;
consequently, the next two response-intervals (2.5-3 years and
more than 3 years) differ from those in the Russian
questionnaire. In the final data file, this error has been
handled by recoding the data so that the Estonian and Russian
versions are coded in the same way; however, it must be kept in
mind that respondents who completed the Estonian questionnaire
lacked the possibility to select the interval 2-2.5 years.
PATHS OF A GENERATION: WAVE 1 (ESTONIAN SURVEY)
SAMPLE DESCRIPTION
The 1983 Estonian sample represents the cohort of all
students graduating in 1983 from vocational secondary schools,
specialized secondary schools, and general secondary schools in
Estonia, who had entered these types of secondary schools after
graduating from the 8th grade of fundamental school (this means
that graduating students who had entered vocational secondary
schools or specialized secondary schools after graduating from
some type of secondary school are excluded).
The total size of this educational cohort in Estonia in
1983 was 15,636 (statistics on the cohort were obtained from
three educational ministries of the Republic of Estonia in the
autumn of 1982).
This makes up approximately (exact statistics are not available)
90% of all full-time graduating students of all types of
secondary schools in 1983 and 82.7 % of the birth cohort in
1965.
Students of 157 study groups were surveyed in 1983. The
number of the surveyed students exceeded 3,400. On the basis of
this nonrepresentative "sample" 12 representative subsamples
(Estonian national sample, 3 subsamples of main types of
secondary schools, and 8 subsamples of the subtypes of secondary
schools) were created. Each of these subsamples represents
proportionally:
1) Main types of populated centers where the schools are
located;
2) Main territorial units of Estonia;
3) Both languages of instruction (Estonian and Russian)in
schools;
4) Main fields of study;
5) All 8 subtypes of secondary education (this criterion
is relevant only for subsamples of the main types of secondary
education and the national sample.
Subsamples can be distinguished by the combinations of V3
(main type of secondary school), V9 (subtype of secondary
school), and V343 (code of subsample). V343 is coded as follows:
1 = Respondents in the national sample;
2 = Respondents added to the national sample to form
subsamples of the main types of secondary schools;
3 = Respondents added to subsamples of the main types of
secondary schools to form subsamples of subtypes of secondary
schools;
4 = The remaining respondents who are not members of any
representative subsample (the so-called "reserve")
The sampling procedures were done by hand as follows:
1. All the existing study groups of the graduating
students were classified according to the criteria of
representativeness.
2. From each cell of this classification definite number
of study groups were randomly chosen for survey so that they
guaranteed proportional national subsample and other planned
subsamples according to the criteria of represantiveness.
3. The completed questionnaires of each study group were
numbered randomly without skipping any number.
4. The formula for coding V343 was established for every
surveyed study group according to the quotas in each cell of
classification. This formula established how many respondents
of the given study group would belong to the national subsample,
and to the other subsamples. The general form of this formula
is as follows:
N = A + B + C + D
N: number of questionnaires in the given group
A: number of questionnaires to be given code 1 on V343
B: number of questionnaires to be given code 2 on V343
C: number of questionnaires to be given code 3 on V343
D: number of questionnaires to be given code 4 on V343
This formula prescribes that the first A questionnaire in
a given study group should be given code 1, the next B given
code 2, and so on to the end of the study group.
5. The questionnaires of each study group were coded in
accordance with the formula of coding.
As a result of these procedures 12 representative
subsamples were chosen. The main characteristics of them are
following:
National subsample Subsamples of main Subsamples of
subtypes
types of secondary of secondary
education education
1.National sample 2.Sample of the VSS 5. Sample of
RVSS
N= 1,520 P= 9.7% N= 709 P= 21.7% N= 203 P= 25.9%
6. Sample of UVSS
N= 506 P= 20.4%
3.Sample of SSS 7. Sample of
ASSS
N= 739 P= 30.1% N= 289 P= 32.9%
8. Sample of ISSS
N= 305 P= 28.3%
9: Sample of HSSS
N= 145 P= 33.0%
4. Sample of GSS 10.Sample of
GSSO
N= 946 P= 9.5% N= 778 P= 9.3%
11.Sample of GSS9
N= 399 P= 29.5%
12.Sample of GSS1
N= 161 P= 54.4%
N: number of respondents in the subsample
P: percent of surveyed students from the total size of the
corresponding (sub)cohort (for example, P =
9.7% for National sample means, that this subsample includes
9.7% of all graduating students of all types of secondary
schools in 1983; P = 21.7% for sample of VSS means that this
subsample includes 21.7 % of all graduating students of VSS in
1983. etc.)
VSS: Vocational secondary schools
RVSS: Rural vocational secondary schools
UVSS: Urban vocational secondary schools
SSS: Specialized secondary schools
ASSS - Agricultural specialized secondary schools
ISSS - Industrial specialized secondary schools
HSSS - Humanitarian specialized secondary schools
GSS: General secondary schools
GSSO - Ordinary forms of general secondary schools
GSS9 - Special type of general secondary school since
form 9
GSS1 - Special type of general secondary school since
form 1
Conclusions about Sample Representativeness
1. In each subsample, all subgroups of the students
distinguished by the criteria of representativeness are
represented in all subsamples. Only two very small groups of
students are not represented in the subsamples:
a) Russian students of the RVSS (the total number in the cohort
was 24, comprising 0.2% of the whole cohort);
b) Fitters (their weight in RVSS was 1.7% and in the whole
cohort 0.1%).
2. The mean absolute deviations are fairly small
The mean deviation is minimal in
the national subsample (0.7%) and exceeds 3% in only three
subsamples (ISSS = 3.6%, GSS9 = 3.2%, GSS1 = 5.5%).
3. The national subsample is of the best quality, in which
no single deviation exceeds 3%. The maximum single deviation is
6% in the subsamples of UVSS, HSSS, GSS0, GSS9, VSS, SSS, and
GSS. In the remaining subsamples, the maximum single deviations
are bigger and in one instance it exceeds 18.5% (GSS1).

Realiseerumine

Field Work
The first-stage survey was conducted between late November
of 1982 and May of 1983. It embraced more than 3,400 students
graduating from general secondary, specialized secondary, and
vocational secondary schools, who had entered these educational
establishments after graduating from the 8th grade of fundamental
school. The survey was conducted in 157 study groups that were
chosen in accordance with the sample design. After selection of
the study groups, the respective school administrators were
contacted, and the concrete time for the survey was agreed upon.
The first-stage survey was conducted in classroom by a member of
the research group; there were no outsiders in the classroom when
it was administered.
In his(her) short introduction, the person administering the
questionnaire summarized the nature and aims of the research and
pointed out that the survey is not anonymous but that the
information obtained would be used only for scientific purposes
and presented in statistically generalized ways. The students
were told that the study had a long-term character and that they
would be surveyed several times in the future. The students were
also told that no one at school could read the completed
questionnaires because they were given directly to the
sociologist who was conducting the survey. Almost all of the
students agreed to complete the questionnaire. More than half
(55%)of the respondents wrote their answers directly on the
printed questionnaire, while the rest (45%) wrote them on coding
lists in which only the question numbers and codes of scale
points were written. The coding lists were used to economize
paper.
In all schools, interviewers also copied the names of the
students in the surveyed groups. The names of the students and
information about their parents (address, phone number) were also
recorded.
The first-stage survey was administered by about 10 members
of the research groups (see above), all of whom were university-
educated, were experienced in field work, and had participated
in designing the research and the questionnaire. In addition, all
received special instructions before the survey.

Küsitlusmeetod

Questionnaire
Both the Tallinn and Tartu teams used four survey methods:
1. The respondent was visited by the interviewer at home or
his/her work place and completed the questionnaire in the
presence of the interviewer. (20 % of all cases))
2. A letter was sent to the respondent asking him/her to
visit the office of our research groups or some other place and
to complete the questionnaire there. (10 % of all cases)
3. The respondent was personally contacted by the
interviewer but completed and returned the questionnaire after
the interviewer had left. (This method was used for about 50% of
the respondents).
4. The questionnaire was sent and received by post. (This
method was used for about 20% of the respondents). This method
was mainly used in the countryside.
The method used is reported in V281 (completion of the
questionnaire), but, unfortunately, this information was not
recorded for everyone.

Kodeerimisjuhend

CODEBOOK
I STAGE
1. Respondent's identification number
2. Region
1 Moldova
2 Byelorussia
3 Lithuania
4 Latvia
5 Estonia
3. Type of education
1 general secondary
2 specialized secondary
3 vocational secondary
4. Birth date
The 2 last numbers of the year + month
e.g. March 1964 = 6403
Oct. 1965 = 6510
5. Number of study group
1 Elva Secondary school
2 Alatskivi Secondary school
3 Kallaste Vocational Secondary School No 5
(electrification of agriculture)
4 Paide Vocational Secondary School No 25
(mechanization of land improvement)
5 Väimela State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (electrification of agriculture)
6 Väimela State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (veterinary science)
7 Olustvere State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (apiculture)
8 Olustvere State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (agronomy)
9 V ru Industrial Specialized Secondary School
(manufacture of furniture)
10 Kuremaa State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (live stock breeding)
11 Jäneda State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (agronomy)
12 Tihemetsa State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (mechanization of agriculture)
13 P ltsamaa Rural Vocational School
(group 1: tractor driving)
14 P ltsamaa Rural Vocational School
(group 2: tractor driving)
15 Tihemetsa State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (tractor driving)
17 Räpina State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (horticulture)
18 Kehtna State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (mechanization of land improvement)
19 Türi State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (live stock breeding)
20 Jäneda State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (agronomy)
21 Kaarepere State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (silviculture)
22 Vana-V idu State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School
23 Antsla State Farm - Specialized Agricultural
School (agronomy)
24 Järva-Jaani Rural Vocational School No 31
(tractor driving)
25 Vana-Vigala Rural Vocational School No 29
(tractor driving)
26 Vana-Vigala Rural Vocational School No 29
(tractor driving)
27 Urban Vocational School No 6
(fitters-electricians)
28 Urban Vocational School No 6
29 Urban Vocational School No 6
(fitters)
30 Tartu Art School
31 Tallinn Medical School
32 Tallinn Navigation School
33 isu Industrial Specialized Secondary School
(group 1: food industry technology)
34 isu Industrial Specialized Secondary School
(group 2: food industry technology)
35 Kohtla-Järve Chemical Specialized Secondary
School (technology of anorganic substances)
36 Kohtla-Järve Chemical Specialized Secondary
School (installing and repairing of industrial
equipment)
37 Türi State Farm - Specialized Agricultural School
(electrification of agriculture)
38 Kallaste Vocational School No 5 (electrification)
39 Kohtla-Järve Medical School
40 Tartu Urban Vocational School No 16
(house-painting)
41 Tartu Urban Vocational School No 17
(turners)
42 Tartu Urban Vocational School No 17
(baking)
43 Tartu Urban Vocational School No 17
(shop assistants)
44 Vocational School No 6 (electricians)
45 Tartu Secondary School No 12 (grade 11B)
46 Häädemeeste Secondary School
47 Kuressaare Secondary School No 1 (grade 11C)
48 P ltsamaa Secondary School (grade 11B)
49 Tallinn Medical School (hospital mursing)
50 Vana-Vigala Rural Vocational School
(vegetable farming)
51 Helme Rural Vocational School
(group 1: tractor driving)
52 Helme Rural Vocational School
(group 2: tractor driving)
53 Tartu Music School
54 Kuressaare Vocational School No 26
(tractor driving)
55 Tallinn Specialized Secondary School of Railroad
Transport (group 1)
55 Tallinn Specialized Secondary School of Railroad
Transport (group 2)
57 Narva Vocational School No 8
(textile weaving)
58 Vocational School No 1
(type setting)
59 Vocational School No 1
(ship equipment)
60 Kadrina Secondary School
61 Otepää Secondary School
62 Vocational School No 24
(confectioners)
63 Vocational School No 24
(shop assistants)
64 Narva Polytechnical School
(industrial and civil construction)
65 Tartu Secondary School No 6 (grade 10B)
66 Pärnu Secondary School No 3 (grade 10A)
67 Rakvere Pedagogical School
(group 1: pre-school education)
68 Rakvere Pedagogical School
(group 2: pre-school education)
69 Tallinn Polytechnical School
(communications)
70 Tallinn Polytechnical School
(radio communications)
71 Tallinn Polytechnical School
(computer science and technology)
72 Kohtla-Järve Vocational School No 20
73 Pärnu Secondary School No 2 (grade 11C)
74 Vocational School No 22
(welding)
75 Sindi Vocational School No 7
(textile weaving)
76 Tallinn Specialized Secondary School for
Construction and Mechanics (autoservice)
78 Vocational School No 11
(crane driving)
79 Tallinn Specialized Secondary School of Railroad
Transport (engine construction)
80 Narva Vocational School No 8 (textile weaving)
81 Tallinn Vocational School No 10 (carpentry)
82 Pärnu Vocational School No 13 (fitters)
83 Vocational School No 20 (bulldozer drivers)
84 Tallinn Secondary School No 44 (grade 11C)
85 Tallinn Secondary School No 30 (grade 10A)
86 Kohila Secondary School
87 Narva Vocational School No 14 (welding)
88 Tallinn Secondary School No 11
89 Vocational School No 32 (tailoring)
90 Mustvee Secondary School No 2 (grade 10A)
91 Tartu Secondary School No 2 (grade 11A,
English language focus)
92 Tartu Secondary School No 2 (grade 11B,
English language focus)
93 Valga Secondary School No 1 (physics, mathematics focus)
94 Tartu Secondary School No 8 (Estonian language and
literature focus)
95 Tartu Secondary School No 5 (biology focus)
96 N o Secondary School (grade 11A, mathematics focus)
97 N o Secondary School (grade 11B, physics focus)
98 Antsla Secondary School (Russian language focus)
99 Rakvere Secondary School No 3 (grade 11A, chemistry
focus)
100 Tallinn Secondary School No 7 (grade 11B)
101 Kohtla-Järve Secondary School No 5 (mathematics,
physics focus)
102 Tartu Secondary School No 6 (grade 11A)
103 Püssi Secondary School
104 Tallinn Secondary School No 1 (grade 11C,
mathematics, physics focus)
105 Tallinn Secondary School No 46 (art focus)
106 Tallinn Secondary School No 26 (grade 10A, English
language focus)
107 Räpina Secondary School
108 Tallinn Secondary School No 26 (grade 10B)
109 Vocational School No 10
110 Vocational School No 21
111 Paide Secondary School No 2 (grade 10)
112 Tartu Secondary School No 10 (grade 11B)
113 Tallinn Secondary School No 5 (grade 10)
114 Tallinn Secondary School No 43 (grade 11A)
115 Tallinn Secondary School No 5 (grade 10)
116 V ru Secondary School No 1 (grade 11C)
117 Vastseliina Secondary School (grade 11B)
118 Tartu Secondary School No 1 (grade 11B)
119 Specialized Secondary School of Light Industry
(accounting, book-keeping)
120 Keila Secondary School
121 Tartu Secondary School No 5 (chemistry focus)
122 Kohtla-Järve Secondary School No 3 (grade 10)
123 Tallinn Secondary School No 37 (grade 11B)
124 Tallinn Secondary School No 37 (grade 11A)
125 Rakvere Secondary School No 3 (grade 11B)
126 Rakvere Secondary School No 3 (grade 11B)
127 Tallinn Secondary School No 44 (grade 11B, English
language focus)
128 Tartu Secondary School No 3 (grade 11D, German
language focus)
129 Viljandi Secondary School No 4 (grade 11A,
history focus)
130 V ru Secondary School No 2 (grade 10A)
131 Pärnu Secondary School No 1 (grade 11B)
132 Viljandi Secondary School No 1 (grade 11C)
133 Tallinn Secondary School No 16
134 Viljandi Secondary School No 5 (grade 11A, Russian
language focus)
135 Kohtla-Järve Secondary School No 2 (grade 10A)
136 Tapa Secondary School No 2
137 Kilingi-N mme Secondary School (grade 11A)
138 Taebla Secondary School
139 Rakvere Secondary School No 1 (grade 11A,
mathematics, physics focus)
140 Pärnu Secondary School No 4 (grade 11C)
141 Vändra Secondary School (grade 11B)
142 Vocational School No 13 (cabinet-making)
143 Tallinn Secondary School No 4 (Russian
language focus)
144 Märjamaa Secondary School
145 Tallinn Secondary School No 44 (grade 11A,
chemistry focus)
146 Narva Secondary School No 6
147 Tallinn Secondary School No 50 (grade 10A)
148 Tallinn Secondary School No 15 (grade 10B)
149 Tallinn Secondary School No 50 (grade 10B)
150 Tallinn Secondary School No 42 (grade 11A,
German language focus)
151 Kohtla-Järve Secondary School No 1
152 Kivi li Secondary School No 2 (grade 10B)
153 Tallinn Secondary School No 10 (grades 11A, 11B)
154 Tallinn Pedagogical School (pre-school education)
155 Tallinn Secondary School No 51 (grade 10A)
156 Räpina Secondary School (German language focus)
157 Vastseliina Secondary School (Russian language focus)
6. Time of the survey
1 November 1982
2 December 1982
3 January 1983
4 February 1983
5 March 1983
6 April 1983
7 May 1983
8 June 1983
7. Home county (city)
0 Narva
1 Tallinn
2 Eastern Viru county
3 Western Viru county
4 Harju county
5 Rapla county
6 Järva county
7 Western county
8 Hiiumaa
9 Saaremaa
10 Pärnu county
11 Viljandi county
12 Tartu city and county
13 J geva county
14 Valga county
15 P lva county
16 V ru county
17 Outside Estonia
8. Type of home settlement (community)
1 Tallinn
2 Other large city (Tartu, Narva, Kohtla-Järve, Pärnu)
3 City or town with more than 5,000 inhabitants
4 Town with less than 5,000 inhabitants
5 Rural settlement
9. What type of secondary school do you attend?
1 Rural vocational school
2 Urban vocational school
3 Agricultural specialized secondary school
4 Industrial specialized secondary school
5 Other types of specialized secondary school
6 Common grade of general secondary school
7 Special (academic) grade of general
secondary school (since grade 9)
8 Special (academic) grade of general
secondary school (since grade 1 or 2)
10. Field of study
01 machine- and instrument construction
in specialized secondary schools:
metal processing, installing and repairing of industrial
equipment, technology of chemical and oil-shale industry,
installing of automatic equipment
in vocational schools:
fitter, turner, welder
02 electrical engineering, radio electronics, communications
in specialized secondary schools:
power stations and networks, industrial power equipments,
radio- and telecommunications
in vocational schools:
electricians, fitters
03 construction
in specialized secondary schools:
industrial and civil construction, building machinery and
equipment
in vocational schools:
mason, painter, etc.
04 transportation
in specialized secondary schools:
autoservice, road and railroad exploitation, navigation
in vocational schools:
navigation, fitters
05 consumer goods production
in specialized secondary schools:
textile, leather, wood, furniture, and printing industry
06 food industry
in specialized secondary schools:
food industry technology
in vocational schools:
cook, confectioner
07 finance, accounting
in specialized secondary schools:
book-keeping
08 trade
in vocational schools:
sales person, cashiers
09 medicine
1 3.5 or less
2 3.5-4.0
3 4.0-4.5
4 4.5-5.0
5 5.0
13. Grade-point average at end of last academic year
1 3.5 or less
2 3.5-4.0
3 4.0-4.5
4 4.5-5.0
5 5.0
14. Most recent grade in mathematics
1 3.0 or less
2 3.0-4.0
3 4.0-5.0
4 5.0
15. Most recent grade in history
1 3.0 or less
2 3.0-4.0
3 4.0-5.0
4 5.0
16. Most recent grade in native language
1 3.0 or less
2 3.0-4.0
3 4.0-5.0
4 5.0
17. What is your academic class rank?
1 in the lower third
2 in the middle
3 in the upper half
4 in the upper third
18. Language of instruction
2 Russian
6 Estonian
Compare your abilities with those of your peers
19. In the humanities
1 my abilities are below average
2 my abilities are about average
3 my abilities are somewhat higher
4 my abilities are significantly higher
20. In the sciences
1 my abilities are below average
2 my abilities are about average
3 my abilities are somewhat higher
4 my abilities are significantly higher
21. Musical abilities
1 my abilities are below average
2 my abilities are about average
3 my abilities are somewhat higher
4 my abilities are significantly higher
22. In the arts
1 my abilities are below average
2 my abilities are about average
3 my abilities are somewhat higher
4 my abilities are significantly higher
23. Technical abilities
1 my abilities are below average
2 my abilities are about average
3 my abilities are somewhat higher
4 my abilities are significantly higher
24. In manual work
1 my abilities are below average
2 my abilities are about average
3 my abilities are somewhat higher
4 my abilities are significantly higher
25. Organizational skills
1 my abilities are below average
2 my abilities are about average
3 my abilities are somewhat higher
4 my abilities are significantly higher
26. Intellectual ability
1 my abilities are below average
2 my abilities are about average
3 my abilities are somewhat higher
4 my abilities are significantly higher
27. Will-power, motivation
1 my abilities are below average
2 my abilities are about average
3 my abilities are somewhat higher
4 my abilities are significantly higher
28. Time management
1 my abilities are below average
2 my abilities are about average
3 my abilities are somewhat higher
4 my abilities are significantly higher
29. Ability to deal with people
1 my abilities are below average
2 my abilities are about average
3 my abilities are somewhat higher
4 my abilities are significantly higher
30. Do you have any favorite subject at school?
1 none
2 one
3 two
4 three or more
31. Are there subjects which seem too difficult for you?
1 none
2 one
3 two
4 three or more
People study in order to...
32. ...achieve better material security
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
33. ...acquire a desired speciality, profession
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
34. ...obtain in-depth knowledge about the subjects studied
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
35. ...attain a secure social position
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
36. ...enjoy life as a student
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
37. ...do clean and easy work
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
38. ...develop one's personality
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
39. ...achieve social prestige and certain social status
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
40. ...win the respect of friends
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
41. ...develop one's abilities and skills
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
42. ...better understand the world and life
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
43. ...better succeed in life
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
36. ...enjoy life as a student
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
37. ...do clean and easy work
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
38. ...develop one's personality
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
39. ...achieve social prestige and certain social status
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
40. ...win the respect of friends
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
41. ...develop one's abilities and skills
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
42. ...better understand the world and life
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
43. ...better succeed in life
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
3 probably
4 yes
36. ...enjoy life as a student
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
37. ...do clean and easy work
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
38. ...develop one's personality
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
39. ...achieve social prestige and certain social status
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
40. ...win the respect of friends
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
41. ...develop one's abilities and skills
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
42. ...better understand the world and life
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
43. ...better succeed in life
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
3 probably
4 yes
36. ...enjoy life as a student
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
37. ...do clean and easy work
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
38. ...develop one's personality
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
39. ...achieve social prestige and certain social status
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
40. ...win the respect of friends
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
41. ...develop one's abilities and skills
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
42. ...better understand the world and life
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
43. ...better succeed in life
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
44. ...become a good professional
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
45. ...live and work among educated people
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
46. ...be more useful to society
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
47. ...develop one's aptitudes in one's field of choice
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes
48. How much time do you spend on homework?
1 no more than half an hour
2 0.5-1 hour
3 2-3 hours
4 more than 3 hours
49. Have you ever skipped school?
1 no, never
2 rarely
3 yes, sometimes
4 yes, often
50. Do you like being at school?
1 no, not at all
2 no, not a lot
3 yes, somewhat
4 yes
Attitude toward studies and other school activities.
Do you agree that...
51. Good grades require me to work hard
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
52. I try to manage with minimal efforts at school
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
53. I have earned great recognition of my studies and social
work
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
54. Studying often stimulates my interest in certain problems
and therefore I study more than is necessary for earning
good grades
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
55. I have never considered my studies to be too important
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
56. I fulfill school rules and regulations without objection
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
57. At the end of classes I feel tired and exhausted
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
58. My studies give me great satisfaction
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
59. I rather fulfil routine tasks than those which require much
thought
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
60. Where do you live?
1 In a hostel
2 In a rented livingspace
3 With relatives
4 With parents in a communal flat
5 With parents in a separate flat
6 With parents in a private house
Does your family have a...
61. private house
1 no
2 yes
62. summer home
1 no
2 yes
63. cooperative flat
1 no
2 yes
64. private car
1 no
2 yes
65. color TV-set
1 no
2 yes
66. stereo radio
1 no
2 yes
67. new furniture
1 no
2 yes
68. works of art
1 no
2 yes
69. books (more than 200)
1 no
2 yes
70. sports equipment
1 no
2 yes
71. tape recorder
1 no
2 yes
72. plot of land
1 no
2 yes
73. domestic animals
1 no
2 yes
Do you yourself have a...
74. bike
1 do not intend to get one
2 intend to get one in the more distant future
3 intend to get one in the near future
4 yes
75. moped
1 do not intend to get one
2 intend to get one in the more distant future
3 intend to get one in the near future
4 yes
76. motor-cycle
1 do not intend to get one
2 intend to get one in the more distant future
3 intend to get one in the near future
4 yes
77. tape recorder
1 do not intend to get one
2 intend to get one in the more distant future
3 intend to get one in the near future
4 yes
78. record-player
1 do not intend to get one
2 intend to get one in the more distant future
3 intend to get one in the near future
4 yes
79. musical instrument
1 do not intend to get one
2 intend to get one in the more distant future
3 intend to get one in the near future
4 yes
80. sports equipment
1 do not intend to get one
2 intend to get one in the more distant future
3 intend to get one in the near future
4 yes
81. photo equipment
1 do not intend to get one
2 intend to get one in the more distant future
3 intend to get one in the near future
4 yes
82. desk of your own
1 do not intend to get one
2 intend to get one in the more distant future
3 intend to get one in the near future
4 yes
83. room of your own
1 do not intend to get one
2 intend to get one in the more distant future
3 intend to get one in the near future
4 yes
84. pocket calculator
1 do not intend to get one
2 intend to get one in the more distant future
3 intend to get one in the near future
4 yes
85. Do you have any "pocket-money"?
1 no, I spend all I receive on food and clothing
2 yes, I usually have a small sum of money
I can use on sweets, entertainment, etc.
3 I have money for everything
86. How much money a week do you have for personal needs?
87. What are your possibilities for getting clothes?
1 I get any clothes I want
2 although I cannot get the most fashionable clothes
I have everything I need
3 I have only those clothes that are absolutely
necessary
4 I have to manage with modest clothing
88. Compare your material situation with that of your
classmates
1 my material situation is far better
2 my situation is somewhat better
3 my situation does not differ from that of the majority
of my classmates
4 my material situation is worse
How much time did you spend on the
following activities over the past year?
89. Going to the theater, concerts, exhibitions
1 none at all
2 not much
3 quite a lot
4 a lot
90. Listening to the radio, watching TV, reading newspapers
1 none at all
2 not much
3 quite a lot
4 a lot
91. Going to the movies
1 none at all
2 not much
3 quite a lot
4 a lot
92. Going to parties, discos, cafes
1 none at all
2 not much
3 quite a lot
4 a lot
93. Studies
1 none at all
2 not much
3 quite a lot
4 a lot
94. Social work
1 none at all
2 not much
3 quite a lot
4 a lot
95. Sports, physical exercise
1 none at all
2 not much
3 quite a lot
4 a lot
96. Socializing with friends
1 none at all
2 not much
3 quite a lot
4 a lot
97. Spending time with a beloved person
1 none at all
2 not much
3 quite a lot
4 a lot
98. Reading fiction
1 none at all
2 not much
3 quite a lot
4 a lot
99. Hobby
1 none at all
2 not much
3 quite a lot
4 a lot
100. Which of the above mentioned activities do you like
most of all?
1 Going to the theater, concerts, exhibitions
2 Listening to the radio, watching TV, reading newspapers
3 Going to the movies
4 Going to parties, discos, cafes
5 Studies
6 Social work
7 Sports, physical exercise
8 Socializing with friends
9 Spending time with a beloved person
10 Reading fiction
11 Hobby
With whom do you most frequently spend your spare time?
With whom do you associate?
How many of these persons are...
101. ...classmates, coursemates
1 none
2 1-2
3 3-4
4 more
102. ...other students
1 none
2 1-2
3 3-4
4 more
103. ...neighbors
1 none
2 1-2
3 3-4
4 more
104. ...persons of other nationalities
1 none
2 1-2
3 3-4
4 more
105. ...fellow-enthusiasts
1 none
2 1-2
3 3-4
4 more
106. ...companions from summer camp
1 none
2 1-2
3 3-4
4 more
107. ...persons who are considerably older than you
1 none
2 1-2
3 3-4
4 more
How many of your friends are...
108. ... persons with whom you exchange everyday news,
talk about shopping, etc.
1 almost none
2 a few
3 quite many
4 a lot
109. ... persons with whom your relations are based on
mutual favors
1 almost none
2 a few
3 quite many
4 a lot
110. ... people with deep intellectual interests
1 almost none
2 a few
3 quite many
4 a lot
111. ... merry companions with whom one can easily relax
1 almost none
2 a few
3 quite many
4 a lot
112. ... persons who understand you and whom you can always trust
1 almost none
2 a few
3 quite many
4 a lot
113. ... persons with whom your relations are based on
mutual aid in studies
1 almost none
2 a few
3 quite many
4 a lot
How interested are you in...
114. ...politics
1 not at all
2 not particularly
3 fairly
4 very much
115. ...sports
1 not at all
2 not particularly
3 fairly
4 very much
116. ...economic problems
1 not at all
2 not particularly
3 fairly
4 very much
117. ...fashion problems
1 not at all
2 not particularly
3 fairly
4 very much
118. ...cultural problems
1 not at all
2 not particularly
3 fairly
4 very much
119. ...problems of sex
1 not at all
2 not particularly
3 fairly
4 very much
120. ...nature
1 not at all
2 not particularly
3 fairly
4 very much
121. ...technics
1 not at all
2 not particularly
3 fairly
4 very much
122. ...problems of morality
1 not at all
2 not particularly
3 fairly
4 very much
In your opinion, how important are the following activities
in life?
123. Studies
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
124. Social work
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
125. Sports, physical exercise
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
126. Associating with friends
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
127. Creating a family
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
128. Going to the theater, concerts, exhibitions
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
129. Listening to the radio, watching TV
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
130. Spending time with a beloved person
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
131. Occupational work
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
132. Going to parties, discos, cafes
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
133. Reading fiction
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
134. Favorite activity, hobby
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
135. Which one of the above mentioned activities do you
consider most important in life?
1 Studies
2 Social work
3 Sports, physical exercise
4 Associating with friends
5 Creating a family
6 Going to the theater, concerts, exhibitions
7 Listening to the radio, watching TV
8 Spending time with a beloved person
9 Occupational work
10 Going to parties, discos, cafes
11 Reading fiction
12 Favorite activity, hobby
136. Are you a member of Komsomol?
1 yes
2 no
137. If you are a member of Komsomol, at what age did you join?
1 at the age of 14
2 at the age of 15
3 at the age of 16
4 at the age of 17
5 at the age of 18 or later
138. How many social work tasks do you have at present?
1 none
2 I only have irregular tasks
3 I have one regular task
4 I have two or more regular tasks
139. Do you have any sports rank?
1 no
2 junior rank
3 3rd rank
4 2nd or higher rank
Participation in amateur art activities
140. Chorus singing
1 no
2 do not engage, but would like to
3 attend only before performances, concerts
4 attend at least once a month
141. Folk-dance
1 no
2 do not engage, but would like to
3 attend only before performances, concerts
4 attend at least once a month
142. Drama circle
1 no
2 do not engage, but would like to
3 attend only before performances, concerts
4 attend at least once a month
143. Rock or pop group
1 no
2 do not engage, but would like to
3 attend only before performances, concerts
4 attend at least once a month
144. Ballroom dancing
1 no
2 do not engage, but would like to
3 attend only before performances, concerts
4 attend at least once a month
Participation in clubs and study circles
145. Technical club
1 no
2 I used to in the past
3 yes
146. Natural sciences club or circle
1 no
2 I used to in the past
3 yes
147. Mathematics, physics club or circle
1 no
2 I used to in the past
3 yes
148. History, languages, literature club or circle
1 no
2 I used to in the past
3 yes
149. Arts club
1 no
2 I used to in the past
3 yes
150. Sport school
1 no
2 I used to in the past
3 yes
151. Music school
1 no
2 I used to in the past
3 yes
153. Have you ever attended any subject contest (olympiad)?
1 no
2 yes, in my own school
3 yes, at the city or county level
4 yes, at the all-Estonian level
154. Do you consider it necessary to plan your life?
1 no, not at all
2 no, I don't think so
3 yes, fairly
4 yes, definitely
What do you intend to do after you
complete your secondary education?
155. Go to work
1 do not intend to do this
2 in the more distant future
3 during the next 1-2 years
4 immediately after graduation from secondary school
156. Continue my studies at university or college
1 do not intend to do this
2 in the more distant future
3 during the next 1-2 years
4 immediately after graduation from secondary school
157. Continue my studies at a specialized secondary school
1 do not intend to do this
2 in the more distant future
3 during the next 1-2 years
4 immediately after graduation from secondary school
158. Create a family
1 do not intend to do this
2 in the more distant future
3 during the next 1-2 years
4 immediately after graduation from secondary school
159. Intend to improve my material condition
1 do not intend to do this
2 in the more distant future
3 during the next 1-2 years
4 immediately after graduation from secondary school
160. Intend to get an apartment of my own
1 do not intend to do this
2 in the more distant future
3 during the next 1-2 years
4 immediately after graduation from secondary school
161. Intend to change my place of residence
1 do not intend to do this
2 in the more distant future
3 during the next 1-2 years
4 immediately after graduation from secondary school
Attitudes toward possible future social status
I am likely to be a/n...
162. ... agricultural worker
1 no, I am not likely to
2 yes, in the more distant future
3 yes, in the near future
163. ... worker (except in agriculture)
1 no, I am not likely to
2 yes, in the more distant future
3 yes, in the near future
164. ... employee-nonprofessional
1 no, I am not likely to
2 yes, in the more distant future
3 yes, in the near future
165. ... professional with a specialized secondary education
1 no, I am not likely to
2 yes, in the more distant future
3 yes, in the near future
166. ... professional with a higher education
1 no, I am not likely to
2 yes, in the more distant future
3 yes, in the near future
167. ... manager or administrator
1 no, I am not likely to
2 yes, in the more distant future
3 yes, in the near future
168. ... scientist, researcher
1 no, I am not likely to
2 yes, in the more distant future
3 yes, in the near future
169. Where would you like to live?
1 in the countryside
2 in a rural community
3 in a small city
4 in a large city
5 in the capital city
At what age do you intend to ...
170. ... complete your full-time education
1 before the age of 20
2 20-21
3 22-23
4 24-25
5 26-27
6 28-29
7 at 30 or later
171. ... start working
1 before the age of 20
2 20-21
3 22-23
4 24-25
5 26-27
6 28-29
7 at 30 or later
172. ... choose a stable place of residence
1 before the age of 20
2 20-21
3 22-23
4 24-25
5 26-27
6 28-29
7 at 30 or later
173. ... have your own living-space
1 before the age of 20
2 20-21
3 22-23
4 24-25
5 26-27
6 28-29
7 at 30 or later
174. ... marry
1 before the age of 20
2 20-21
3 22-23
4 24-25
5 26-27
6 28-29
7 at 30 or later
175. ... have your first child
1 before the age of 20
2 20-21
3 22-23
4 24-25
5 26-27
6 28-29
7 at 30 or later
176. When did you become interested in what is likely to be your
future profession?
1 only recently
2 after the completion of 8-year fundamental education
3 in 8th grade
4 before 8th grade
Working in a special field involves certain standards and
requirements.
To what degree do you know...
177. ... the standards and requirements of the specialization you
have chosen
1 not much at all
2 not too well
3 well
4 very well
178. ... your qualifications for working in this field
1 not much at all
2 not too well
3 well
4 very well
179. ... the nature of the work you will have to do
1 not much at all
2 not too well
3 well
4 very well
180. ... chances of occupational advancement
1 not much at all
2 not too well
3 well
4 very well
181. ... the system of remuneration
1 not much at all
2 not too well
3 well
4 very well
What do your parents, teachers, friends,
and counsellors advise you to do?
182. Father
1 I do not care about his opinion
2 I do not know his opinion
3 He is indifferent
4 I should start working
5 I should continue my schooling
183. Mother
1 I do not care about his opinion
2 I do not know his opinion
3 She is indifferent
4 I should start working
5 I should continue my schooling
184. Teachers
1 I do not care about his opinion
2 I do not know his opinion
3 They are indifferent
4 I should start working
5 I should continue my schooling
185. Friends
1 I do not care about his opinion
2 I do not know his opinion
3 They are is indifferent
4 I should start working
5 I should continue my schooling
186. Counsellors
1 I do not care about his opinion
2 I do not know his opinion
3 They are is indifferent
4 I should start working
5 I should continue my schooling
What are you likely to be at the age of 30? What do your
parents wish you to do at that age?
187. My own wish
1 Collective farmer, agricultural worker
2 Worker in manufacturing, construction, transportation
3 Worker in the service industry
4 Employee without special education (nonprofessional)
5 Agricultural specialist
6 Professional in economics, finances
7 Professional in the service industry, commerce
8 Teacher
9 Professional in the sphere of culture
10 Engineer
11 Medical professional
12 Manager, administrator
13 Scientist, researcher
14 Creative intellectual (artist, musician, etc.)
15 Lawyer
16 Military, policeman
188. My father's wish
1 Collective farmer, agricultural worker
2 Worker in manufacturing, construction, transportation
3 Worker in the service industry
4 Employee without special education (nonprofessional)
5 Agricultural specialist
6 Professional in economics, finances
7 Professional in the service industry, commerce
8 Teacher
9 Professional in the sphere of culture
10 Engineer
11 Medical professional
12 Manager, administrator
13 Scientist, researcher
14 Creative intellectual (artist, musician, etc.)
15 Lawyer
16 Military, policeman
189. My mother's wish
1 Collective farmer, agricultural worker
2 Worker in manufacturing, construction, transportation
3 Worker in the service industry
4 Employee without special education (nonprofessional)
5 Agricultural specialist
6 Professional in economics, finances
7 Professional in the service industry, commerce
8 Teacher
9 Professional in the sphere of culture
10 Engineer
11 Medical professional
12 Manager, administrator
13 Scientist, researcher
14 Creative intellectual (artist, musician, etc.)
15 Lawyer
16 Military, policeman
In your opinion, what is the prestige of the following
occupations?
190. Live-stock expert
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
191. Typist
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
192. Manager
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
193. Economist
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
194. Storekeeper
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
195. Tractor-driver
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
196. Architect
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
197. Truck driver
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
198. Commodities and trade expert
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
199. Turner
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
200. Teacher
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
201. Shoemaker
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
202. Scientist
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
203. Hospital attendant
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
204. Tailor
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
205. Waiter
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
206. Physician
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
207. Agricultural worker
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
208. Construction worker
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
209. Agronomist
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
210. Actor
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
211. Milker, dairy farm worker
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
212. Book-keeper
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
213. Fashion designer
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
214. Shop-assistant
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
215. Engineer
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
216. Fitter
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
217. Nurse
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
218. Plumber
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
219. Taxi-driver
1 low
2 rather low
3 average
4 rather high
5 high
After graduation from 8-year fundamental school you chose one
of three forms of secondary education - general, specialized,
or vocational secondary school. Whose advice or what
circumstances influenced your choice?
220. Teachers
1 not at all
2 not significantly
3 partially
4 significantly
221. Father
1 not at all
2 not significantly
3 partially
4 significantly
222. Mother
1 not at all
2 not significantly
3 partially
4 significantly
223. Class-mates
1 not at all
2 not significantly
3 partially
4 significantly
224. Head-teacher, principal
1 not at all
2 not significantly
3 partially
4 significantly
225. Interest in certain subject or field
1 not at all
2 not significantly
3 partially
4 significantly
226. Counsellor
1 not at all
2 not significantly
3 partially
4 significantly
227. My hobby
1 not at all
2 not significantly
3 partially
4 significantly
228. Example of acquaintances
1 not at all
2 not significantly
3 partially
4 significantly
229. Are you satisfied with your choice?
1 no, not at all
2 no, not completely
3 yes, fairly
4 yes, completely
Try to assess the advantages of the type of secondary
education
you chose
230. It allows for more independent studies
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
231. The program of studies is less challenging
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
232. It provides good prospects for the future
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
233. It promotes material independence
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
234. It enables development of one's personality
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
235. The quality of education is higher
1 disagree strongly
2 disagree
3 agree
4 agree strongly
236. Would you repeat your choice?
1 no
2 probably not
3 probably
4 yes, definitely
237. Which form of secondary education would you choose at
present?
1 rural vocational school
2 urban vocational school
3 agricultural specialized secondary school
4 industrial specialized secondary school
5 humanitarian specialized secondary school
6 general secondary school
7 special academic grades of general secondary school
238. If you intend to continue your schooling after the attainment
of secondary education, when did you decide to do so?
1 I do not intend to continue my education
2 I decided to quite recently
3 after graduation from 8-year fundamental school
4 in 8th grade
5 in 7th grade or earlier
Self-appraisal of certain qualities
239. I am popular among my classmates
1 no
2 yes
240. I am very worried that I will not finish secondary school on
time
1 no
2 yes
241. I am considered an activist at school
1 no
2 yes
242. I have had conflicts with teachers and the school
administration
1 no
2 yes
243. I study according to my abilities
1 no
2 yes
244. I study no more than is absolutely necessary
1 no
2 yes
245. Others consider my appearance unattractive
1 no
2 yes
Work should enable one to...
246. ...steady self-improvement
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
247. ...earn a lot of money
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
248. ...win the respect of friends
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
249. ...live peacefully and securely
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
250. ...obtain a high social position
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
251. ...associate with people
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
252. ...be useful to society
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
253. ...occupational advancement
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
254. ...do clean and physically easy work
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
255. ...steadily improve one's knowledge and professional skills
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
256. ...deal with interesting things
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
257. ...see the results of one's work
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
258. ...certain freedom in choosing how to use one's working time
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
259. ...be useful to people
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
260. ...create new things
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
261. ...use one's abilities
1 unimportant
2 fairly unimportant
3 fairly important
4 very important
262. Gender
1 male
2 female
263. Age
264. The age at the beginning of formal schooling
One month = 0.08 7 -"- = 0.58
2 months = 0.17 8 -"- = 0.66
3 -"- = 0.25 9 -"- = 0.75
4 -"- = 0.32 10 -"- = 0.83
5 -"- = 0.41 11 -"- = 0.91
6 -"- = 0.50
e.g., 7 years 8 months = 7.66
6 years 10 months = 6.83 etc.
What is the state of your health?
265. I have had only colds and minor infections
1 yes
2 no
266. I have had more serious ailments from which I have fully
recovered
1 yes
2 no
267. I suffer from chronic diseases
1 yes
2 no
268. How do you assess the state of your health?
1 my health is good
2 my health has not prevented me from doing anything
3 my health prevents me to do hard physical work
4 because of poor health I cannot participate in most of the
activities of my peers
269. Do you smoke? If you do, then how many cigarettes do you
smoke
daily?
1 I do not smoke
2 I smoke occasionally
3 Half a pack a day
4 At least a pack a day
270. If you smoke, at what age did you start?
271. Do you drink alcohol?
1 no, practically not
2 rarely
3 quite often (in company)
4 yes, regularly
272. If you drink alcohol, at what age did you start to?
273. Have you had sexual intercourse?
1 yes
2 no
274. If you have had sexual intercourse, at what age did you first
have it?
(does not exist in data file)
275. How tall are you?
276. How much do you weigh?
Migration connected with the completion of secondary
education
277. Place of birth
1 Estonia
2 Russia
3 Other
278. Place of birth
1 The capital city
2 A city with at least 100,000 inhabitants
3 A city with 10,000-100,000 inhabitants
4 A small city or town
5 Village
279. Father's birth-place
1 The capital city
2 A city with at least 100,000 inhabitants
3 A city with 10,000-100,000 inhabitants
4 A small city or town
5 Village
280. Mother's birth-place
1 The capital city
2 A city with at least 100,000 inhabitants
3 A city with 10,000-100,000 inhabitants
4 A small city or town
5 Village
281. Began formal schooling
1 The capital city
2 A city with at least 100,000 inhabitants
3 A city with 10,000-100,000 inhabitants
4 A small city or town
5 Village
282. Received 8-year fundamental education in...
1 The capital city
2 A city with at least 100,000 inhabitants
3 A city with 10,000-100,000 inhabitants
4 A small city or town
5 Village
283. Received secondary education in...
1 The capital city
2 A city with at least 100,000 inhabitants
3 A city with 10,000-100,000 inhabitants
4 A small city or town
5 Village
284. Received 8-year fundamental education...
1 In an 8-year fundamental school
2 In a secondary school
285. Father's social group
1 Collective farmers
2 Workers (incl. state farm workers)
3 Employees without postsecondary education
4 Professionals
5 Old age pensioners and home makers
6 Other (the military, police, etc.)
286. Father's sector of employment
1 Manufacturing
2 Construction (excl. agricultural construction)
3 Transportation, communications
4 State farms
5 Commerce, catering
6 Marketing, processing
7 Community parks, grounds, utilities maintenance
8 Service industries
9 Public health, social insurance, athletic organizations
10 Education, culture, science
11 Finances, insurance, government and state institutions,
social organizations
12 Other organizations and firms
13 Collective farms
14 Collective fisheries
15 Forestry
16 Rural construction
17 Other agriculture-specific sectors
287. Mother's social group
1 Collective farmers
2 Workers (incl. state farm workers)
3 Employees without postsecondary education
4 Professionals
5 Old age pensioners and home makers
6 Other (the military, police, etc.)
288. Mother's sector of employment
1 Manufacturing
2 Construction (excl. agricultural construction)
3 Transportation, communications
4 State farms
5 Commerce, catering
6 Marketing, processing
7 Community parks, grounds, utilities maintenance
8 Service industries
9 Public health, social insurance, athletic organizations
10 Education, culture, science
11 Finances, insurance, government and state institutions,
social organizations
12 Other organizations and firms
13 Collective farms
14 Collective fisheries
15 Forestry
16 Rural construction
17 Other agriculture-specific sectors
289. Father's social status at beginning of his career
1 Collective farmer
2 State farm worker
3 Agricultural specialist
4 Manufacturing, construction, transportation worker
5 Service industry worker
6 Service personnel
7 Employee-nonprofessional
8 Professional in the field of economics, finance, catering
9 Professional in the field of culture or education
10 Engineer
11 Medical professional
12 Administrator or manager
13 Scientist, researcher, professor
14 Creative worker (artist, musician, actor, etc.)
15 Military or policeman
16 Other
290. Mother's social status at beginning of her career
1 Collective farmer
2 State farm worker
3 Agricultural specialist
4 Manufacturing, construction, transportation worker
5 Service industry worker
6 Service personnel
7 Employee-nonprofessional
8 Professional in the field of economics, finance, catering
9 Professional in the field of culture or education
10 Engineer
11 Medical professional
12 Administrator or manager
13 Scientist, researcher, professor
14 Creative worker (artist, musician, actor, etc.)
15 Military or policeman
16 Other
291. Father's current occupation
1 Collective farmer
2 State farm worker
3 Agricultural specialist
4 Manufacturing, construction, transportation worker
5 Service industry worker
6 Service personnel
7 Employee-nonprofessional
8 Professional in the field of economics, finance, catering
9 Professional in the field of culture or education
10 Engineer
11 Medical professional
12 Administrator or manager
13 Scientist, researcher, professor
14 Creative worker (artist, musician, actor, etc.)
15 Military or policeman
16 Other
292. Mother's current occupation
1 Collective farmer
2 State farm worker
3 Agricultural specialist
4 Manufacturing, construction, transportation worker
5 Service industry worker
6 Service personnel
7 Employee-nonprofessional
8 Professional in the field of economics, finance, catering
9 Professional in the field of culture or education
10 Engineer
11 Medical professional
12 Administrator or manager
13 Scientist, researcher, professor
14 Creative worker (artist, musician, actor, etc.)
15 Military or policeman
16 Other
293. Father's education
1 elementary (4 or less years)
2 5-6 years
3 7-9 years
4 secondary education
5 specialized secondary or some college
6 higher education
294. Mother's education
1 elementary (4 or less years)
2 5-6 years
3 7-9 years
4 secondary education
5 specialized secondary or some college
6 higher education
295. Father's native language
2 Russian
6 Estonian
8 other
296. Mother's native language
2 Russian
6 Estonian
8 other
297. Respondent's native language (if there is more than one,
code 9)
2 Russian
6 Estonian
8 other
300. The parents' relationship at home was...
1 poor
2 fairly bad
3 fairly good
4 very good
The relationship between parents and children
301. I had concrete commitments and tasks at home
1 definitely not
2 not really
3 yes, for the most part
4 yes, definitely
302. My parents tried to teach me something
1 definitely not
2 not really
3 yes, for the most part
4 yes, definitely
303. I was often punished at home
1 no, never
2 rarely
3 sometimes
4 yes, often
304. My behavior and pastimes were closely watched at home
1 no, never
2 rarely
3 sometimes
4 yes, often
305. I spent my spare time with my parents
1 no, never
2 rarely
3 sometimes
4 yes, often
306. I often had conflicts with my parents
1 no, never
2 rarely
3 sometimes
4 yes, often
307. Father's field of employment
1 metal industry, machine building
2 road transportation and traffic
3 maritime transportation, fishing
4 air transportation and traffic
5 railroad transportation and traffic
6 communications
7 electrical engineering, electrician
8 manufacturing
9 mining
10 other technical fields
11 construction and wood processing
12 land cultivation and animal husbandry
13 land improvement
14 forestry
15 service industries
16 commerce, catering
17 education
18 science
19 cultural affairs
20 public health
21 clerical workers
22 storage and processing
23 community parks, grounds, utilities maintenance
24 public security (police, etc.)
25 the military
26 general administration and politics
27 old age pensioner, home-maker
28 other
29 absent or dead
308. Father's rank in the structure of the national economy
1 job that does not presuppose any special education or
training and that is not categorized
2 apprentice of 1
3 job that requires training but does not presuppose
vocational
school education (categories 1-5)
4 apprentice of 3
5 speciality attained at vocational school (categories 5 and
6)
6 apprentice of 5
7 employee-nonprofessional with general secondary education
8 assistant to 7
9 professional with specialized secondary education
10 assistant to 9
11 professional with higher education, middle-level manager
or
administrator
12 deputy to 11
13 top-level administrator
14 deputy to 13
15 head or deputy head of government institution or
ministerial department
16 worker whose rank cannot be identified
17 professional whose rank cannot be identified
18 old-age pensioner, home-maker
19 other (military, police)
20 unknown or dead
309. Father's concrete job
Code Rank
1 top-level administrator (manager, head) 13
2 chief engineer 13
3 chief mechanical engineer 13
4 chief electrical engineer 13
5 other chief specialist 13
6 shop manager 13
7 department head 13
8 engineer 1-11
9 mechanical engineer 9-11
10 depot manager 9-11
11 technician 9
12 foreman 9
13 work-unit manager 9
Field 1: metal industry, machine-building.
Occupations
16 locksmith 3-5
17 turner 4
18 welder 4
19 fitter 4
20 other
Field 2: road transportation
23 driver 5
24 bus driver 5
25 tram and trolley-bus driver 5
26 tractor driver 5
27 driver of other machines 5
Field 3: maritime transportation and fishing industry
30 fisher 3
Fields 4 & 5: were not specified
Field 6: communications
35 postmaster 8
36 postman 2
Field 7: power utilities
39 electrician 5
Field 8: various manufacture
41 weaver, spinner 5
42 seamstress 5
43 other 1-3
Field 9: mining
46 miner & other mine-specific jobs 3
Field 10: other technical jobs
Field 11: construction industry:
professionals
50 civil engineer 11
51 work-unit leader 9-11
blue-collar jobs
52 carpenter, joiner 5
53 mason, brick-layer 5
54 painter, plasterer 5
55 construction worker 3
Field 12: land cultivation and animal husbandry:
professionals
58 manager of a state or collective farm 13
59 chief live-stock expert 13
60 chief agronomist 13
61 chief veterinarian 13
62 agronomist 9 or 11
63 live-stock expert 9 or 11
64 veterinary surgeon 11
65 vet's assistant 9
66-67 farm's team-leader 9
blue-collar jobs
68 milkman 3
69-76 farm hand 1
Field 13: land-improvement
79 unskilled worker 1
Field 14: forestry
81 forest guard 2
82 lumberman 1
Field 15: service industries
84 hairdresser 5
85 tailor (cutter) 5
86 receiver of orders 3
87 other 2,5,7
Field 16: commerce and catering
90 shop manager 9-10
91 sales person 5
92 cook, confectioner 5
93 bartender, waiter 5
94 dish-washer 1
Field 17: education
97 teacher 8-9-11-12
98 day-care center
or kindergarten director 10
99 day-care center teacher
100 nurse
Field 18: science
103 professor, researcher, lecturer 11(13)
Field 19: cultural affairs
105 unspecified
Field 20: public health
107 physician 11
108 nurse 9
109 doctor's assistant 9
110 hospital attendant 1
Field 21: planning and book-keeping
113 chief book-keeper, chief economist 13
114 book-keeper, economist 7-11
115 administrator in the field
of economics 9
116 personnel manager 8-10
117 accountant 7
118 dispatcher 7
119 secretary 7
120 typist 7
121 cashier 7
122 inspector, instructor 7
Field 22: storing and processing
123 trade and commodities expert 7-11
124 storehouse manager 9
125 outfitter 8
126 inspector-controller 7
127 dispatcher 7
128 storekeeper 2
129 transportation worker 1
130 unskilled worker 1
Field 23: community grounds, utilities maintenance
134 stoker 4
135 watchman 1
136 charwoman 1
137 caretaker 1
Field 24-26: unspecified
Field 28: other jobs
143 employee 7
144 worker
145 collective farmer, farm hand
Field 27: old age pensioners, home-makers
146 pensioner
Field 29: no information
147 unknown or dead
310. The accuracy of coding father's occupational status
1 easy, related to a concrete field
2 easy, but not related to any concrete field
3 the specifics of the field are commonly known
4 the specifics of the field could not be verified
311. Mother's field of employment
1 metal industry, machine building
2 road transportation and traffic
3 maritime transportation, fishing
4 air transportation and traffic
5 railroad transportation and traffic
6 communications
7 electrical engineering, electrician
8 manufacturing
9 mining
10 other technical fields
11 construction and wood processing
12 land cultivation and animal husbandry
13 land improvement
14 forestry
15 service industries
16 commerce, catering
17 education
18 science
19 cultural affairs
20 public health
21 clerical workers
22 storage and processing
23 community parks, grounds, utilities maintenance
24 public security (police, etc.)
25 the military
26 general administration and politics
27 old age pensioner, home-maker
28 other
29 absent or dead
312. Mother's rank in the structure of the national economy
1 job that does not presuppose any special education or
training and that is not categorized
2 apprentice of 1
3 job that requires training but does not presuppose
vocational
school education (categories 1-5)
4 apprentice of 3
5 speciality attained at vocational school (categories 5 and
6)
6 apprentice of 5
7 employee-nonprofessional with general secondary education
8 assistant to 7
9 professional with specialized secondary education
10 assistant to 9
11 professional with higher education, middle-level manager
or
administrator
12 deputy to 11
13 top-level administrator
14 deputy to 13
15 head or deputy head of government institution or
ministerial department
16 worker whose rank cannot be identified
17 professional whose rank cannot be identified
18 old-age pensioner, home-maker
19 other (military, police)
20 unknown or dead
313. Mother's concrete job
Code Rank
1 top-level administrator (manager, head) 13
2 chief engineer 13
3 chief mechanical engineer 13
4 chief electrical engineer 13
5 other chief specialist 13
6 shop manager 13
7 department head 13
8 engineer 1-11
9 mechanical engineer 9-11
10 depot manager 9-11
11 technician 9
12 foreman 9
13 work-unit manager 9
Field 1: metal industry, machine-building.
Occupations
16 locksmith 3-5
17 turner 4
18 welder 4
19 fitter 4
20 other
Field 2: road transportation
23 driver 5
24 bus driver 5
25 tram and trolley-bus driver 5
26 tractor driver
27 driver of other machines 5
Field 3: maritime transportation and fishing industry
30 fisher 3
Fields 4 & 5: were not specified
Field 6: communications
35 postmaster 8
36 postman 2
Field 7: power utilities
39 electrician 5
Field 8: various manufacture
41 weaver, spinner 5
42 seamstress 5
43 other 1-3
Field 9: mining
46 miner & other mine-specific jobs 3
Field 10: other technical jobs
Field 11: construction industry:
professionals
50 civil engineer 11
51 work-unit manager 9-11
blue-collar jobs
52 carpenter, joiner 5
53 mason, brick-layer 5
54 painter, plasterer 5
55 construction worker 3
Field 12: land cultivation and animal husbandry:
professionals
58 manager of a state or collective farm 13
59 chief live-stock expert 13
60 chief agronomist 13
61 chief veterinarian 13
62 agronomist 9 or 11
63 live-stock expert 9 or 11
64 veterinary surgeon 11
65 vet's assistant 9
66-67 farm's team-leader 9
blue-collar jobs
68 milkman 3
69-76 farm hand 1
Field 13: land-improvement
79 unskilled worker 1
Field 14: forestry
81 forest guard 2
82 lumberman 1
Field 15: service industries
84 hairdresser 5
85 tailor (cutter) 5
86 receiver of orders 3
87 other 2,5,7
Field 16: commerce and catering
90 shop manager 9-10
91 sales person 5
92 cook, confectioner 5
93 bartender, waiter 5
94 dish-washer 1
Field 17: education
97 teacher 8-9-11-12
98 day-care center
or kindergarten director 10
99 day-care center teacher
100 nurse
Field 18: science
103 professor, researcher, lecturer 11(13)
Field 19: cultural affairs
105 unspecified
Field 20: public health
107 physician 11
108 nurse 9
109 doctor's assistant 9
110 hospital attendant 1
Field 21: planning and book-keeping
113 chief book-keeper, chief economist 13
114 book-keeper, economist 7-11
115 administrator in the field
of economics 9
116 personnel manager 8-10
117 accountant 7
118 dispatcher 7
119 secretary 7
120 typist 7
121 cashier 7
122 inspector, instructor 7
Field 22: storing and processing
123 trade and commodities expert 7-11
124 storehouse manager 9
125 outfitter 8
126 inspector-controller 7
127 forwarding agent 7
128 storekeeper 2
129 transportation worker 1
130 unskilled worker 1
Field 23: community grounds, utilities maintenance
134 stoker 4
135 watchman 1
136 charwoman 1
137 caretaker 1
Field 24-26: unspecified
Field 28: other jobs
143 employee 7
144 worker
145 collective farmer, farm hand
Field 27: old age pensioners, home-makers
146 pensioner
Field 29: no information
147 unknown or dead
314. The accuracy of coding mother's occupational status
1 easy, related to a concrete field
2 easy, but not related to any concrete field
3 the specifics of the field are commonly known
4 the specifics of the field could not be verified
Variables 315-342 are excluded from data file.
315. The economic level of collective and state farms
T E S T (J. Holland)
316 P - practical
317 I - intellectual
318 S - social
319 C - conventional
320 E - enterprising
321 A - artistic
G A T B
(General Aptitude Test Battery)
322 V1 - form perception
323 V2 - spatial aptitude
324 V3 - clerical perception
325 V4 - numerical aptitude
326 V5 - form perception
327 V6 - numerical aptitude
328 V7 - verbal aptitude
329 V8 - motor coordination
330 V13 - numerical aptitude
331 V6 - score of subtests
Grades
332 Biology
333 Geography
334 Chemistry
335 Physics
336 Mathematics
337 Drawing
338 Estonian
339 Foreign language
340 History
341 Social sciences
342 x Grade-point average
343 Variable of sample
1 Respondents belong to national sample
2 Respondents to be added to national sample to create subsamplees of
the main types of secondary education
3 Respondents to be added to the subsamples of the main types to
create subsamples of the subtypes of secondary education
4 The rest of respondents, not belonging to any of representative
subsamples (so- called reserve)
344 Type of settlement in which the school is located
1 Up to 2,000 inhabitants
2 2,000-5,000
3 5,000-10,000
4 10,000-25,000
5 25,000-100,000
6 Tartu (110,000 inhabitants)
7 Tallinn (450,000 inhabitants)
345 Region in Estonia in which the school is located
1 Tallinn
2 Tartu
3 North
4 North-East
5 West
6 Central
7 South-East

Välis_ID

83960012

Lühikirjeldus

The first-stage questionnaire was originally written in the Russian language jointly by the researchers from all regions where the survey was to be conducted. This version was the standard for all other versions. The translation into the Estonian language was done by the research team in Estonia. The questionnaires in Russian and Estonian are identical. Both versions of the questionnaire were printed by the Printing and Publishing Department of Tartu University.