In classic economics, consumers might demand care of little benefit if they are insulated from the cost through insurance, but they will never demand harmful care, such as ICU care for patients with high-illness severity and low survival in the conceptual model. Increased ICU bed availability could only cause increased harm in the presence of supplier-induced demand; eg, when a clinician or hospital system profits by advising a less-informed patient to consume services the patient would not want if he or she knew all the facts.2