A reductionist explanation of the self

The "I" is the central problem of consciousness. Even if we eventually
explain how conscious experience arises from the electrochemical processes of
the brain, even if we discovered some kind of "proto-consciousness" that gets
combined to form emotions and feelings, we still need to show how and why that
set of emotions and feelings becomes a "I".
That matter can feel emotions is a mystery enough. But what we feel is
even stranger: it is not that each part of our body, each molecules feels
emotions. It is "I" that feel those emotions.
A body is made of parts that interact, and each one has its own life.
But a consciousness is an "I" that feels all of the emotions related to that
body. My consciousness is not distributed the same way that matter is
distributed in my body.
Let us assume that everything is conscious to some degree. Every atom,
every molecule, every tissue, every organ, every being is "conscious".
And that "I" is just what I am conscious of.
If I were born a finger, I would only be conscious of what a finger does.
"I" happen to be born the part of the brain that is conscious of what I am
conscious.
The "I" that is writing this sentence is not the conscious part of the
foot or of the nail, it is the conscious part of a part of the brain.
I am not conscious of my foot's consciousness, because "I" am the
consciousness of something else (a part of the brain).
And I am not conscious of the consciousness of any other parts of the brain
because "I" (the one who is writing right now) am not those parts. "I" am the
consciousness of a part of the brain, and it turns out "I" (this particular
consciousness) receive information from several parts of the body and direct
order to several parts of the body. For example, it is likely that the
"consciousnesses" associated with my fingers are conscious of typing on the
keyboard. They have to, because the brain tells them to. "I" (the consciousness
of that part of the brain) am only aware of sending them the order to type.
Because of the organization of the body, the brain controls other organs.
Because each part is associated with a consciousness, each part is aware of
what it is doing. But "I", the consciousness associated with this part of the
brain, identify with the whole body.
"I" am actually not conscious of everything. There is a consciousness associated
with my liver and one with my intestine and one with each of millions of
minuscule parts. "I" am not aware any of those parts.
I cannot feel that I because "I" am not that I.
Evolution has decreed which parts are connected to the part of the brain that
is associated with "I". "I" am aware only of those parts.
The main difference between "I" and other "consciousnesses" inside this body
is that "I" (or the brain part associated with that "I") can tell fingers
to type this sentence, and can tell the mouth to utter words.
Of course, there could be another consciousness (another I) that is conscious
of parts of my body that I am not conscious of. Maybe there is a consciousness
(another I) that is directing me to think what I am thinking and directing me
to direct the fingers to type what they are typing. I cannot be conscious of
this "super-consciousness" or of any other consciousness associated with my
body, because "I" am not it or them.
The reason things don't get out of control is that the structure of
"consciousnesses" must mirror the structure of the body, so that an order issued
by a consciousness cannot conflict with the order issued by another
consciousness.
Finally,
it is not necessary that "consciousnesses" be truly directing anything.
Each consciousness could simply be the "phenomenal" aspect of a physical
process: any action by a body part also yields a conscious experience
that presumes of being the cause of that action.
Whether it is consciousness that directs the body or viceversa is another
issue. The basic point I am making is that the body is made of parts, each
part being made of parts and so forth all the way down to elementary particles.
Each of those parts, all the way down to elementary particles, also has
a phenomenal aspect that I call "consciousness".
The consciousness that is writing this sentence is "I". There are countless
consciousnesses that share this body, each of them conscious of what one part
of the body is doing. They may all be convinced of having free will, just like
I am. There may be consciousnessed that share this body and direct "I" to do
what "I" am doing.
"I" cannot feel any other consciousness than "I", because that is what "I" am.
See my website for more details and bibliography.