Other uses

Group (periodic table)

In chemistry, a group (also known as a family) is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements. There are 18 numbered groups in the periodic table, but the f-block columns (between groups 2 and 3) are not numbered. The elements in a group have similar physical or chemical characteristics of the outermost electron shells of their atoms (i.e., the same core charge), as most chemical properties are dominated by the orbital location of the outermost electron.
There are three systems of group numbering. The modern numbering group 1 to group 18 is recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). It replaces two older naming schemes that were mutually confusing. Also, groups may be identified by their topmost element or have a specific name. For example, group 16 is variously described as oxygen group and chalcogen.

CAS and old IUPAC numbering

Two earlier group number systems exist: CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) and old IUPAC. Both use numerals (Arabic or Roman) and letters A and B. Both systems agree on the numbers. The numbers indicate approximately the highest oxidation number of the elements in that group, and so indicate similar chemistry with other elements with the same numeral. The number proceeds in a linearly increasing fashion for the most part, once on the left of the table, and once on the right (see List of oxidation states of the elements), with some irregularities in the transition metals. However, the two systems use the letters differently. For example, potassium (K) has one valence electron. Therefore, it is located in group 1. Calcium (Ca) is in group 2, for it contains two valence electrons.

Shot grouping

In shooting, a shot grouping, or simply grouping, is the placement of multiple shots on a target, the shots taken in one shooting session. The closeness of the grouping, the nearness of all the shots to each other, is a measure of the accuracy of a weapon, and a measure of the shooter's consistency and skill.

Uses of the term

For firearms that shoot one round at a time, a shot grouping can be used to measure the accuracy of the system comprised out of weapon as well as the precision and uniformity of the ammunition by fixing the weapon into position on a test mount, and aiming it at a target. Multiple shots using rounds from same type and batch are fired to observe how the weapon groups the shots. If a person holds the weapon and shoots it, the grouping measures the combination of the person's skill and the weapon's accuracy.

In shotgun shooting, the grouping is also called the pattern. The pattern is the spread of shot from a single shotgun shell, measured as the smallest circle containing all the shots on the target. The barrel of a shotgun is designed to deliver a wide or narrow grouping, depending on the expected use. Shooting at close range indicates a cylinder bore barrel to deliver a wide grouping, while for hunting at longer distances such as 50 yards or meters, a choke is recommended for a tighter grouping.

NEW DELHI. A sensational robbery in which Rs 80 lakh was looted from the house of a property dealer-cum-financier at VijayEnclave in Dabri has been cracked ... The victim, Pradeep Kumar, had recently won a lottery ... DCP (Dwarka) Anto Alphonse said that they had received a call from the Kumar’s wife around midnight that a group of men had barged into their bedroom and stabbed him in the abdomen ... Kumar was known to him ... RELATED ... SavingsUnion....

&nbsp;A Dalit youth was killed and over a dozen people, including policemen, were injured when clashes between Dalits and Thakurs flared up in Uldepur village of Meerut district in Uttar Pradesh... On Thursday morning, a group of Dalits, equipped with iron rods and sticks, barged into the Thakur-dominated area and attacked them to seek revenge for Wednesday’s incident ... “We have nothing to do with Wednesday’s incident ... ....

The power barge was moved to Zouk Mikael because it could not be operating at full capacity in Jiyyeh, Khalil added. The power barge, named Esra-Sultan, is owned by Turkish Karadeniz EnergyGroup and will provide 200 MW of electricity gratis for the first three months, the NationalNewsAgency reported....

SALEM — A small group gathered on the waterfront for a wedding ceremony Sunday was plagued by interruptions. A vampire barged into the service to deliver flowers ... I live in Nahant and had worked for four years with another group of girls when I decided I wanted to do something a little more extravagant," Davis said. "I stepped out of that group and was all alone and likenow what?"....

JoshFarmer, an attorney and Fellowship member, told AP in an email that Wheeler’s group initially refused to leave ... Wheeler barged in at the church well before the scheduled time for the meeting with members of the media and several critics of the church, none of whom were invited,” Farmer said in an email ... Wheeler’s behavior was deceptive and the behavior of all in the group was appalling and unacceptable in their refusal to leave.”....

UDAIPUR. A long-standing dispute between two parties over a mining issue led to a clash and aerial firing at government hospital premises in Nimbahera town of Chittorgarh district on Thursday ... The injured were taken to the Nimbahera hospital for medical examination, men from the rival group chased them to the hospital and barged into the porch ... Patients and companions screamed and ran helter-skelter to escape ... ....

JoshFarmer, an attorney and Fellowship member, told AP in an email that Wheeler's group initially refused to leave ... Wheeler barged in at the church well before the scheduled time for the meeting with members of the media and several critics of the church, none of whom were invited," Farmer said in an email ... Wheeler's behavior was deceptive and the behavior of all in the group was appalling and unacceptable in their refusal to leave."....

Nellore. A sub inspector and a constable from the Andhra Pradesh police were beaten up inside their own police station in in Nellore district on Wednesday evening by a large group of people who barged in ... The door broke after repeated loud banging and people were seen storming in towards a policeman. &nbsp; ... ....

said they are the Maru kidnap-for-ransom group... Just the day before, the same group were said to have barged into the house of one Moreen del Castillo on MLQ street, Purok 2, New Lower Bicutan, and took her cash amounting to P50,000 ... wonder, where did they get the brazenness? Is there someone or some group they are taking a twisted inspiration from?....