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The buildings on the left are bathhouses, not private homes. They were built by the springs, which catered to a steady stream of customers and tourists (a reason for those wide sidewalks, still there today, which invite strolling and looking about). Those in the photo were replaced in the early years of the 20th century, as the first commentator observed, referring to Buckstaff Bathhouse.
Also note that there are in fact 47 springs, which spew some 1 million gallons of 143-degree water every day. The springs are in Hot Springs National Park (and even before getting national park status, the area was a national reserve--the first such national "park," being acquired in 1832).

I visited Hot Springs for the first time in 1968. I made the mistake of taking water out of the wrong tap. As a northerner and a Caucasian, I and did not notice the "colored only" sign. A passerby angrily noted my mistake. I returned in the late eighties and found it a much friendlier place and the signs missing.

Hot Springs is 45 miles west of my house. You can still get thermal baths at the Buckstaff Bathhouse, which has been operating since 1912. However, the town was known for its thermal springs and baths since the early 1800s. Now it is more popular for lakes, racetrack and theme park.

Shorpy.com | History in HD is a vintage photo archive featuring thousands of high-definition images from the 1850s to 1960s. (Available as fine-art prints from the Shorpy Archive.) The site is named after Shorpy Higginbotham, a teenage coal miner who lived 100 years ago.