Sergey Bogachev: solar Flares acknowledge our helplessness

12.09.2017

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The organizers of the installation of a memorial plaque Nemtsov lack of respect to his memory”Flares acknowledge our helplessness”

“This is one of the most mysterious events, which the Sun has ever produced in the history of observations of the Earth,” – said the newspaper VIEW astrophysicist Sergey Bogachev, commenting on a series of powerful flares occurred on the Sun in recent days. He told me what the consequences of these outbreaks can be expected on Earth.

On Friday the Sun was recorded a powerful new flash, its maximum occurred at 11: 00 MSK, it follows from the graph of solar activity laboratory “x-ray astronomy of the Sun” of the Physical Institute named Lebedev, Russian Academy of Sciences (FIAN). Appeared on Earth a powerful magnetic storm, which is estimated at four units on a scale.

The representative of FIAN admitted that the strength of the magnetic storm was ten times more than predicted. Its consequences are difficult to predict. In particular, in the Northern hemisphere began a strong auroras at unusual latitudes. In addition, it was reported that during the flare on the solar surface spread of seismic waves – “canceractive”.

According to scientists, the direction of the magnetic field emission is adverse for our planet is a field directed opposite to the earth, and at the moment, “burn line” of the Earth.

About how dangerous to the earth is “burning” in an interview with the newspaper look told the chief researcher of the laboratory “x-ray astronomy of the Sun”, a member of the academic Council of FIAN, doctor of physical and mathematical Sciences, astrophysicist Sergey Bogachev.

Sergey Bogachev: first, it is worth noting that the flash was on Wednesday, 6 August. Accordingly, the plasma clouds that are ejected during the outbreak, came to us only on Friday. “Blow” was really strong, the flash is large and speed is high, in the night of Friday has occurred a magnetic storm, very high power – four points on a scale, almost the maximum. On Friday afternoon, the activity was already asleep. Magnetic storm still continues, the Earth’s magnetic field is still outraged, but the scores gradually decrease.

Solar activity is cyclical, and this cycle is well studied. In fact, he’s already 300 years and has been observed for 300 years all worked like clock-work. Every 11 years the Sun goes into a state of high activity. But we are now at the minimum, so the fact unusual.

On the other hand, the Sun is still not a watch, not a mechanism, but a complex physical object, which we do not fully understand. In a sense, this fact simply underlines our helplessness.

OPINION: One of the flares was classified as an extremely strong – as scientists say, class X9.3. As this rarely happens?

S. B.: In our history there were events, maybe one and a half times more powerful. But the combination of factors such a large outbreak, and the fact that it happened during the minimum of solar activity, is one of the most mysterious events, which the Sun has ever produced in the history of observations of the Earth.

OPINION: they Say it “burns lines of force” of the Earth. Sounds scary. But what does that mean really?

S. B.: This is a figurative expression. The fact that the magnetic field, if you visualize it these are arrows pointing, say, up. Imagine that there is another field, whose arrows pointing down. Can the first field be called a plus and the second minus. These fields when such interactions start to annihilate each other. It turns out that the field emission burns, destroys some part of the magnetic field of the Earth. Substance from the release which usually field of the Earth is blocked, gets the opportunity to penetrate deeper into the layers of the atmosphere, which are usually plasma from the Sun does not penetrate.

Accordingly, the radiation belts of the Earth are saturated with plasma from the Sun. This explains the Aurora, which in Canada was observed at the time of the “kick” is very strong, at latitudes up to 40 degrees.

OPINION: does that technique?

S. B.: the Aurora can be seen, and the storm – in a sense, to feel. Flash strong influence on the upper atmosphere. In particular, the Earth has an ionosphere is the outer shell of the atmosphere, which contains gases of neutral and quasi-neutral plasma. The ionosphere significantly affects the short-wave radio. In fact, short radio waves simply bounce off the ionosphere. Accordingly, the radio Amateurs it is known that when solar flares during high solar activity is changing the nature of radio communications. It can improve due to the fact that the ionosphere becomes more dense, or deteriorate, if the ionosphere fluctuates.

The interaction with the satellites is difficult, because the surrounding Land space is now a lot of plasma, which refracts and blocks signals.

Magnetic storms can affect the global electrical network, cause them excessive current surges. However, in recent years the level of protection has increased, imagine the failure of electrical networks is impossible.

We must understand that we live in, in a sense, at the bottom of the ocean air. You can draw a parallel. Upstairs a 10-point storm at sea, ships sink, and somewhere in the depth of a few kilometers, the fish swims and doesn’t notice. So for ground equipment flares have little effect.

OPINION: people’s health?

S. B.:weather-sensitive people notice a pressure drop, any seasonal effects. A number of people say they feel the effect of the geomagnetic background. I this group do not belong, so believe, not to believe is a personal matter. Human health is complex, formulas can not be described. I’m not a doctor, I do physics.

Magnetic storms are of a planetary nature. There is no place where I could go to hide. If people have weather-sensitive, you just have to take normal precautions. Knowing about my tendency to such effects people understand this.

OPINION: IN the near future you expect new outbreaks?

S. B.: Observations show that solar energy is not exhausted, continue flash. However, the group of sunspots, which is the center of this activity, due to the rotation of the Sun now more and more takes the side of the – relatively speaking, to the Sunny horizon. I think in a day or two she will be quite “on the edge” of the Sun, where the impact on the Earth is impossible. Then all go to the other side.

If this series of flashes will again lead to some major record is likely it will happen on the other side of the Sun. We don’t even recognize.