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Summary

Teaching all of the necessary concepts within the constraints of a one-term chemistry course can be challenging. Authors Denise Guinn and Rebecca Brewer have drawn on their 14 years of experience with the one-term course to write a textbook that incorporates biochemistry and organic chemistry throughout each chapter, emphasizes cases related to allied health, and provides students with the practical quantitative skills they will need in their professional lives. Essentials of General, Organic, and Biochemistrycaptures student interest from day one, with a focus on attention-getting applications relevant to health care professionals and as much pertinent chemistry as is reasonably possible in a one term course. Students value their experience with chemistry, getting a true sense of just how relevant it is to their chosen profession.

Table of Contents

Chapter One: Measurement , Atoms, andthe Periodic Table

What Happens When You Don’t Get Enough Iron?

1.1 Measurement and the Metric System

1.2 The Structure of the Atom

1.3 Elements

1.4 The Periodic Table of the Elements

Chemistry in Medicine: The Micronutrients

The Model Tool 1.1: The Building Block Elements

Extension Topic 1.1: Converting Between Units of Moles and Mass of an Element

Chapter Two: Ionic and Covalent Compounds

What is in Your Morning Coffee?

2.1 Ionic Compounds

2.2 Covalent Molecules

2.3 Writing Lewis Dot Structures

2.5 Molecular Mass, Formula Mass, and Molar Mass

Chemistry in Medicine: Blood Chemistry and the Diagnosis of Disease

The Model Tool 2.1: Covalent Bonds in Molecules

Extension Topic 2.1: Converting Between Moles and Mass

Chapter Three: Molecular Shape and Intermolecular Forces

Breast Cancer and the Shapes of Molecules

3.1 Three Dimensional Shapes of Molecules

3.2 Polar Covalent Bonds and Polar Molecules

3.3 Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

Chemistry in Medicine: The Estrogen Receptor and Hormone Therapy in the Treatment of Breast Cancer

The Model Tool 3.1: The Linear Geometry

The Model Tool 3.2: The Trigonal Planar Geometry

The Model Tool 3.3: The Tetrahedral Geometry

The Model Tool 3.4: The Trigonal Pyramidal Geometry

The Model Tool 3.5: The Bent Geometry

The Model Tool 3.6: Larger Molecule Shapes

Chapter Four: States of Matter

Diver Rescue: “The Bends”

4.1 States of Matter

4.2 Energy

4.3 Changes of State

4.5 Gases

Chemistry in Medicine: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Chapter Five: Solutions, Col loids, and Membranes

Kidney Disease

5.1 Mixtures and Solutions

5.2 Concentration of Solutions

5.3 Colloids and Suspensions

5.4 Processes that Maintain Biochemical Balance in Your Body

Chemistry in Medicine: Kidney Dialysis

Extension Topic 5.1: Converting between Different Concentration Units

Chapter Six: Organic Chemist ry Part I : Hydrocarbons and Structure

The Effects of Anabolic Steroids on the Body

6.1 Hydrocarbons

6.2 Alkanes

6.3 Alkene

6.4 Alkynes

6.5 Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Chemistry in Medicine

The Model Tool 6.1: Alkane Conformations

The Model Tool 6.2: Structural Isomers

The Model Tool 6.3: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

The Model Tool 6.4: Geometric Isomers

The Model Tool 6.5: Benzene and Substituted Benzenes

Extension Topic 6.1: More on Naming Branched Chain Hydrocarbons

Extension Topic 6.2: Naming Cycloalkenes

Chapter Seven: Organic Chemistry Part I I : Functional Groups and Stereochemistry

Pain and the Opioid Analgesics

7.1 Carbon-Heteroatoms Single Bond Functonal Groups

7.2 C=O Containing Functional Groups

7.3 P=O Containing Functional Groups

7.4 Stereochemistry

Chemistry in Medicine: Schizophrenia and Parkinson’s Disease: The Role of Dopamine

The Model Tool 7.1: Alcohols and Ethers

The Model Tool 7.2: Amines

The Model Tool 7.3: The Carbonyl Group

The Model Tool 7.4: Enantiomers

The Model Tool 7.5: The Fischer Projection

Extension Topic 7.1: Assigning the IUPAC Name for an Amine

Extension Topic 7.2: Assigning the IUPAC Name for an Ester

Chapter Eight : Chemical Reactions, Energy, and Kinetics

Energy, Nutrition, and World Hunger

8.1 The Chemical Equation

8.2 Energy and Chemical Reactions

8.3 Kinetics: Reaction Rates

Chemistry in Medicine: Critical Needs for Human Calorimetry in Medicine

Model Tool 8.1: Balancing a Chemical Equation

Extension Topic 8.1: Reaction Stoichiometry

Chapter Nine: Acid, Bases, pH, and Buffers

Is your Garage a Safe Place for Your Pet?

9.1 Acids and Bases: Structure and definition

9.2 pH

9.3 Equilibrium

9.4 Acids and Bases: Strengths and Properties

9.5 Buffers

Chemistry in Medicine: Why Some Drugs Cannot be Administered Orally:The Issue of pH

The Model Tool 9.1: Equilibrium of a Weak Base

Chapter Ten: Reactions of Organic Functional Groups in Biochemistry

How Does Your Body Handle Alcoholic Beverages?

10.1 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

10.2 Hydration-Dehydration Reactions

10.3 Acyl Group Transfer Reactions

10.4 Phosphoryl Group Transfer Reactions

10.5 The Role of the Coenzymes NADH and FADH2 in Biochemical Reactions

10.6 Recognizing Reactions in the Citric Acid Cycle

Chemistry in Medicine: Vitamins and Health

Model Tool 10.1: Acyl Transfer Reactions

Chapter Eleven: Proteins: Structure and Function

One Wrong Amino Acid: Sickle Cell Anemia

11.1 Amino Acids

11.2 Peptides

11.3 Proteins

11.4 Functions of Proteins: Enzymes

11.5 Metabolism of Proteins

Chemistry in Medicine: ACE Inhibitors—A Treatment for Hypertension

The Model Tool 11.1: A dipeptide

Chapter Twelve: Carbohydrates: Structure and Function

Blood Sugar—What Happens When it Gets Too High or Too Low?

12.1 Carbohydrate Structure

12.2 Carbohydrates Catabolism

12.3 Oligosaccharides as Cell Markers

Chemistry in Medicine: The Role of Glycogen in Exercise and Metabolism

The Model Tool 12.1: Glucose

The Model Tool 12.2: Maltose

Chapter Thirteen: Lipids: Structure and Function

Good Fats…Bad Fats…Trans Fats…What Does it all Mean?

13.1 Triglycerides: Fat Storage Lipids

13.2 Fatty Acid Catabolism

13.3 Membrane Lipids

13.4 Eicosanoids

13.5 Cholesterol and Other Steroid Hormones

Chemistry in Medicine: Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Disease

Chapter Fourteen: Metabol ism and Bioenergetics

The Role of Physical Activity in Weight Loss

14.1 The Key Molecules of Metabolism

14.2 The Citric Acid Cycle

14.3 The Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation

14.4 Free Energy and Entropy in Bioenergetics

Chemistry in Medicine: Phenylketonuria

Chapter Fifteen: DNA and RNA

Gene Mutations and Disease

15.1 Parts of a Nucleotide and Nucleic Acids

15.2 DNA

15.3 RNA and Protein Synthesis

Chemistry in Medicine: Viral Nucleic Acids: the Case of HIV/AIDS

Chapter Sixteen: Nuclear Chemistry and Medicine

Diagnosing and Treating Cancer: The Powerful Role of Nuclear Chemistry