The four techniques you use will provide the following information: 1. Complexometric titration (chapter 18): total di- and tri-valent metal ion content. Molarity of Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ + Al 3+ + any other +2 and +3 ions present. 2. Ion exchange chromatography (chapter 19): total positive charge. Sum of molarities of all monopositive ions + 2 x dipositive ions + 3 x tripositive ions. 3. Ion selective electrode (chapter 20): [Ca +2 ] 4. Flame photometry (chapter 21): [Na + ] and [K + ] Water Project Proposal- A three paragraph paper. The first paragraph defines the proposed project. The second discusses how the measured ionic concentrations will help resolve the hypothesis. The third describes the number and source of samples that will be evaluated with the project. Keep in mind that this is a group project. Each group member will bring in at least one sample to evaluate. It is important that all samples relate to the defined project. Random samples are not good. Please see sections 17-1 and 17-2 of your lab manual for details and

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