The Czech (proto)underground remains one of the little-mapped phenomena of our modern history, despite the fact it triggered many key events during the communist regime era. The submitted study attempts to look at the persecution of underground society from the position of repressive bodies working as a kind of service organisation of the Communist Party. The roots of the underground date back to the mid-1960s when a generation defining itself (not just) against its parents reached a peak. Its most visible manifestations were seen at a "physical" level - long hair, and the musical "explosion" of beat groups. The first repression of this "bad" music occurred as early as 1957, with a witch hunt taking place ten years later in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic against "vlasatce" (meaning long-haired men). Another wave of sistematic persecution occurred in the mid-1970s following events which occurred in the small village of Rudolfov near České Budějovice. It was then that State Security (the secret police) first noted that it was once again facing an old enemy whose rise it had neglected to notice.