Federal agents arrested three Brooklyn men on terrorism charges on Wednesday, accusing two of plotting to travel to Syria to join Islamic State militants, and the third of financing the trip.

Police arrested Abdurasul Juraboev, Akhror Saidakhmetov, and Abror Habibov and charged them with material support for terrorism, based on alleged plans by Juraboev — who prosecutors say professed his willingness to kill President Obama and plant a bomb in Coney Island — and Saidakhmetov to travel to...