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Yemen: Gunshots, grenades and mines

15 Jun 2016

“This was the first time I was confronted with injuries caused by gunshots, grenades and mines – and they were often horrific injures,” reflects Helmut Shoengen, a doctor/anaesthetist who recently returned from his second mission working in Aden, Yemen with Médecins Sans Frontières. “We treated many severely injured patients, men, women and children as well, with gunshot wounds to their heads, chests, abdomens, arms and legs. Grenade injuries were bad, because they often included burn injuries to the face,” Helmut said.

Helmut working in Jahun on his first mission with MSF

“But the worst ones were the mine injuries where limbs would just be ripped apart.” Médecins Sans Frontières began working in Yemen in 1986 when high levels of poverty and unemployment combined with continuous insecurity made it difficult for Yemenis to access healthcare. However, since the outbreak of violence in March 2015, many health facilities in Yemen have been damaged or destroyed, medical staff have fled, and transport has become extremely challenging due to high fuel prices and insecurity on the roads. Médecins Sans Frontières has provided urgent support to local hospitals through the Ministry of Health (MoH) and currently has 2020 staff in Yemen.

“These were the lucky ones because they had made it to the hospital”

In Aden, We have been running an independent emergency surgical centre. Between March 2015 and March 2016, Médecins Sans Frontières alone received more than 8,000 injured. But shifting front lines, severe political insecurity, lack of functioning medical facilities and few ambulances means that accessing urgent medical care is virtually impossible for many caught in the conflict. “Occasionally patients would arrive from a long way away. They would sustain an injury and then travel for a number of hours in pain. And once they arrived, often all we could do was amputate,” Helmut said. “And you could say these were the lucky ones because they had made it to the hospital.” But while their lives were saved, their wounds created other complicating factors.

Entrance of the Aden Hospital

“During the ward rounds you could see how amputations of lower limbs often caused significant problems when it came to mental health, when it came to coping, and when it came to having the will to live actually,” Helmut said. There would be a day or two where it would be quiet where you would think ‘Oh, the fighting has finally stopped’. But no, the next day there would be another wave and it would start all over again.” The mass casualty scenario of Aden required the medical teams to triage patients into four categories: black for those who could not be saved; red for those needing urgent surgery or treatment; yellow for those whose treatment could wait up to 12 hours; and green for those that could walk, suggesting relatively minor injuries. It also meant that there was no typical day. “While there were routine tasks,” explains Helmut, “I knew I could be called out by the local doctors or nurses at any time, day or night – and I was many times.”

“You don’t change the world but you make a huge difference for that one patient you are treating at the time”

Surgery and anaesthetic placements with us are short, usually four to six weeks, and for good reason. “It is exhausting working in the field. You’re basically on 24/7 which is OK when it is for a limited time but it is difficult to sustain that level over a longer period,” Helmut said. “These experiences remind you of how extremely well off we are with our easy access to unimaginably good health care. It’s very humbling.” But both have their place. “It’s not that I think it’s better or makes more sense to work in an emergency setting than in a regular setting, because in a regular setting you do good work as well and you make a difference for one patient at a time. And that’s the same thing you do in an emergency setting. You don’t change the world but you make a huge difference for that one patient you are treating at the time.”

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