Sense of Taste Altered by Obesity?

The mystery of how obesity alters our relationship to food is becoming clearer.

Being highly overweight damages the ability of mice to detect sweets, a report from the University at Buffalo says.

Compared to skinnier mice, the plump ones had fewer taste cells that responded to sweet stimuli.

Not only that, but the cells that did respond to sweetness reacted relatively weakly.

Obesity may change the way we taste at the most basic level, by changing how our tongues react to different foods.

Tongue Taste Receptors Altered

“Studies have shown that obesity can lead to alterations in the brain, as well as the nerves that control the peripheral taste system, but no one had ever looked at the cells on the tongue that make contact with food,” said lead scientist Kathryn Medler, PhD.

“What we see is that even at this level — at the first step in the taste pathway — the taste receptor cells themselves are affected by obesity,” Medler said. “The obese mice have fewer taste cells that respond to sweet stimuli, and they don’t respond as well.”

The importance of this research? Taste plays an important role in regulating appetite.

It controls what we eat, and how much we consume.

Sweetness, Appetite and Weight Gain

How an inability to detect sweetness might encourage weight gain is unclear.

But earlier research has shown that obese people yearn for sweet and savory foods, though they may not taste these flavors as well as thinner people.

According to Medler, it is possible that trouble detecting sweetness may lead obese mice to eat more than their leaner counterparts to get the same payoff.

Learning more about the connection between taste, appetite and obesity is important, she said, because it could lead to new methods for encouraging healthy eating.

“If we understand how these taste cells are affected and how we can get these cells back to normal, it could lead to new treatments,” Medler said. “These cells are out on your tongue and are more accessible than cells in other parts of your body, like your brain.”

Calcium Signaling

The study made a comparison of 25 normal mice to 25 of their littermates who were fed a high-fat diet and became obese.

To gauge the animals’ response to different tastes, the research team looked at a process called calcium signaling.

When cells “recognize” a certain taste, there is a temporary boost in the calcium levels inside the cells, and the scientists measured this change.

The results were that taste cells from the obese mice responded more weakly not only to sweetness but, surprisingly, to bitterness as well.

Taste cells from both groups of animals reacted similarly to umami, a flavor associated with savory and meaty foods.