Indian Country Today Media Network.com - Lumbee Tribehttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/tags/lumbee-tribe
enIndian Country Influenced by Attitudes From the Old Southhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2015/02/11/indian-country-influenced-attitudes-old-south
<fieldset class="field-group-fieldset group-opinions-body form-wrapper" id="node_opinion_rss_group_opinions_body"><legend><span class="fieldset-legend">Body</span></legend><div class="fieldset-wrapper"><div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>Eleanor Cook rolled out of bed, nervous, but excited about what the future held that day. Shunned from attendance at the local white and black schools of rural Virginia, state officials and Bureau of Indian Affairs representatives had for years been informing tribal members about eight of the state’s tribal communities where they would be sent to get accredited high school educations in Bacone, Oklahoma, Cherokee, North Carolina, Hampton, Virginia, and Haskell, Kansas.</p>
<p>As the pick up pulled away from the Pamunkey reservation she readied herself for a 1,000-mile journey that would begin momentarily from the train station in Richmond, Virginia. The year was 1944.</p>
<p>Annawon Adkins knew that she wanted to go beyond the final grade offered by her little Indian school in her Chickahominy community. Eighth grade would not enable her to pursue the many dreams she had developed in her mind over the years. Like Eleanor, she would take the long journey and end up her classmate at Bacone, an all-Indian school, in far off Oklahoma. Four years later in 1949, she would accept her diploma and jump on another train waiting to take her home to her beloved Virginia.</p>
<p>This same year would mark the admittance of Pecita Norwood into another boarding school, Haskell, more than 1,000 miles away from her home in Delaware. A member of the Nanticoke tribal community, she too was prohibited from high school education due to the segregation based policies of the day. In Kansas she would attend school with another member of Eleanor Cook’s Pamunkey community, Kenneth Bradby, who had begun there two years earlier.</p>
<p>In 1951, Murphy Reed and Carol Johnston, members of a small Indian community in Alabama, now known as the MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians, would also take the journey out west to Bacone in an attempt to free themselves from the “Jim Crowfeather South.” There they would attend school with tribes from throughout the country including North Carolina’s Haliwa-Saponi. Gallasneed Weaver, a fellow tribal member who had previously attended Acadia boarding school with members of the United Houma Nation and Tunica-Biloxi tribes, joined them. All were intent on breaking the chain of poverty and prejudice, which had enveloped their home environs.</p>
<p>Not a year later, Pearl and Edith Custalow would show up on the steps of Cherokee Boarding School in North Carolina in an attempt to begin a high school course of study unavailable to them back home on their Mattaponi Reservation; a reservation established in the 1600s by the British Crown which has been continually inhabited ever since.</p>
<p>But the Custalows, along with other Virginia tribes such as the Rappahannock, Upper Mattaponi, and Chickahominy Indians Eastern Division who had been recruited by the Indian boarding schools, were recent additions in comparison to Clarence Branham from Virginia’s westernmost tribe the Monacan. He attended Hampton in 1914.</p>
<p>This path to an education was nothing new to the many small Indian communities in the East and South who had been pushed far to the margins of American society. Though their communities were left without many government subsidies distributed to federal tribes, they were not “overlooked” when time came to educate them.</p>
<p>Beginning with the Lumbee Tribe’s attendance at Pennsylvania’s Carlisle Institute in the late 1800s, historic “non-federal” tribes have attended government and mission-run schools for Indians such as Acadia Baptist in Eunice, Louisiana (Acadia was an anomaly in the South to integrate Indians into the racially mixed campus long before the days of desegregation.) Other schools attended by tribal members included Bacone in Muskogee, Oklahoma, Cherokee in Cherokee, North Carolina, Chilocco in Chilocco, Oklahoma, Choctaw Central in Choctaw, Mississippi, Haskell in Lawrence, Kansas, and Hampton in Hampton, Virginia where the Indian program was housed separately from the predominantly black student body. The historic “non-federal” tribes from the East and South attending these schools included the Abenaki (Vermont), Chickahominy (Virginia), Chickahominy Indians Eastern Division (Virginia), Euchee (Oklahoma), Haliwa-Saponi (North Carolina), Houma (Louisiana), Kansas Muncie (Kansas), Lumbee (North Carolina), Mattaponi (Virginia), Monacan (Virginia), MOWA Choctaw (Alabama), Nanticoke-Lenape (Delaware and New Jersey), Pamunkey (Virginia), Rappahannock (Virginia), and Upper Mattaponi (Virginia), along with others whose stories are still coming to light. This is not to forget other historic “non-federal” tribes from the central and western regions of the United States who also attended.</p>
<p>Today, the reality is that eight of the nation’s oldest reservations are inhabited by historic nations who are somehow non-existent on the BIA list of tribes. These include the Pamunkey and Mattaponi Reservations, Golden Hill Reservation held by the Paugussett Tribe, Hassanamisco Reservation of the Nipmuc Nation, Eastern Pequot Lantern Hill Reservation, Poospatuck Reservation inhabited by the Unkechaug Nation, Fall River/Watuppa Reservation under the care of the Pocasset Wampanoag Tribe, MOWA Choctaw Reservation, and the Schaghticoke Indian Reservation. In addition to these tribes in the East and South, there are other communities of “non-federal” Indian people retaining their traditional lands in the West, some designated as reservations and rancherias.</p>
<p>Other tribes from the East and South that gained federal recognition many years after their boarding school attendance include (with dates of their federal recognition) the Aquinnah Wampanoag (Massachusetts; 1987), Alabama (Texas; terminated 1950s-1987), Mashpee Wampanoag (Massachusetts; 2007), Narragansett (Rhode Island; 1983), Passamaquoddy (Maine; 1970s), Pequot (Connecticut; 1983), Penobscot (Maine; 1970s), Tunica-Biloxi (Louisiana; 1981) and the Shinnecock (New York; 2010.) While some of these tribes do not reside on reservations, those who have for countless generations are only now having their existence on reservations acknowledged post-federal recognition. There also were children from indigenous communities outside the United States who attended various government Indian schools. These brave children became integral parts of the histories of these institutions. Many of these historic tribes who cannot be found on the BIA list today are the grandmothers and grandfathers of the reservation system.</p>
<p style="text-align:center;"><img style="width: 580px; height: 752px; display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" class="media-element file-media-original" typeof="foaf:Image" src="http://d1jrw5jterzxwu.cloudfront.net/sites/default/files/default/files/uploads/acadia_baptist_early_1950s_mowa_choctaw_houma.png" width="600" height="778" alt="" title="" /></p>
<p>More than 80 percent of the tribes mentioned in this article hold one clear commonality that has continued their “lack” of federal recognition, or which was responsible for their delayed and highly contested eventual granting of recognition. This commonality is their real and/or perceived connection to some degree of mixed-black ancestry. This reality is the uncomfortable conversation that Indian country still struggles to come to terms with despite the overwhelming evidence before us.</p>
<p>NCAI’s 1978 paper, “An Historical Perspective on the Issue of Federal Recognition and Non-recognition” closed with the following statement,</p>
<p><em>“The reasons that are usually presented to withhold recognition from tribes are 1) that they are racially tainted with the blood of African tribes-men or 2) greed, for newly recognized tribes will share in the appropriations for services given to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The names of justice, mercy, sanity, common sense, fiscal responsibility, and rationality can be presented just as easily on the side of those advocating recognition.”</em></p>
<p>Indian country – and the federal mechanisms and academic institutions that impact us – hold a collective moral and ethical obligation to these tribal members. Institutional integrity and equality will become Indian country’s legacy as a result.</p>
<p><em>Cedric Sunray is exploring the Red and Black divide in Indian country with a series of three editorials. The next editorial discusses the current issues and contestations of race being experienced by the Pamunkey in Virginia and the Chitimacha in Louisiana. Sunray is husband to an articulate and beautiful Kiowa/Ponca woman, father of four, is a full-time teacher in the Oklahoma City Public Schools, and a culturally connected and enrolled member of the MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians.</em> <em>His entire personal, community, and professional life has been dedicated to issues of social justice.</em></p>
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<div class="field field-name-field-short-title field-type-text field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Short title:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Influenced by the Old South</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-category field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Category:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/taxonomy/term/335" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Opinion</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-full-name field-type-text field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Full name:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even">Cedric Sunray</div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-primary-category field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Primary category:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/taxonomy/term/335" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Opinion</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-tags field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Tags:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/eleanor-cook" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Eleanor Cook</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/annawon-adkins" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Annawon Adkins</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/pamunkey-indians" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Pamunkey Indians</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/bureau-indian-affairs" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/bia" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">BIA</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/pecita-norwood" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Pecita Norwood</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/nanticoke-indians" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Nanticoke Indians</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/kenneth-bradby" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Kenneth Bradby</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/murphy-reed" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Murphy Reed</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/carol-johnston" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Carol Johnston</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/mowa-band-choctaw-indians" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/haliwa-saponi" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Haliwa-Saponi</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/gallasneed-weaver" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Gallasneed Weaver</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/united-houma-nation" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">United Houma Nation</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/tunica-biloxi-tribes" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Tunica-Biloxi Tribes</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/pearl-custalow" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Pearl Custalow</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/edith-custalow" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Edith Custalow</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/cherokee-boarding-school" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Cherokee Boarding School</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/mattaponi-reservation" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Mattaponi Reservation</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/rappahannock" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Rappahannock</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/upper-mattaponi-tribe" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Upper Mattaponi Tribe</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/chickahominy-indians-eastern-division" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Chickahominy Indians Eastern Division</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/indian-boarding-schools" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Indian Boarding Schools</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/clarence-branham" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Clarence Branham</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/monacan-indians" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Monacan Indians</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/lumbee-tribe" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Lumbee Tribe</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/carlisle-institute" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Carlisle Institute</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/acadia-baptist" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Acadia Baptist</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/abenaki" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Abenaki</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/euchee" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Euchee</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/kansas-muncie" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Kansas Muncie</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/i-am-man" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Mattaponi</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/paugussett-tribe" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Paugussett Tribe</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/nipmuc-nation" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Nipmuc Nation</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/unkechaug-nation" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Unkechaug Nation</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/pocasset-wampanoag-tribe" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Pocasset Wampanoag Tribe</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/schaghticoke-indian-reservation" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Schaghticoke Indian Reservation</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/aquinnah-wampanoag-tribe" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Aquinnah Wampanoag Tribe</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/alabama-tribe-indians" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Alabama Tribe of Indians</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/mashpee-wampanoag-tribe" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/narragansett-tribe" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Narragansett Tribe</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/passamaquoddy-indians" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Passamaquoddy Indians</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/pequot-tribe" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Pequot Tribe</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/penobscot-nation" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Penobscot Nation</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/tunica-biloxi-indians" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Tunica-Biloxi Indians</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/shinnecock-nation" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Shinnecock Nation</a></div><div class="field-item even"><a href="/tags/ncia" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">NCIA</a></div><div class="field-item odd"><a href="/tags/national-congress-american-indians" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">National Congress of American Indians</a></div></div></div><div class="field field-name-field-author-image field-type-taxonomy-term-reference field-label-above"><div class="field-label">Author image:&nbsp;</div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even"><a href="/author/cedric-sunray-0" typeof="skos:Concept" property="rdfs:label skos:prefLabel" datatype="">Cedric Sunray</a></div></div></div>Wed, 11 Feb 2015 15:08:53 +0000kpolisse159153 at http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.comhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2015/02/11/indian-country-influenced-attitudes-old-south#commentsNC’s Newest Voting Bloc: State Tribes Support Haganhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/10/30/ncs-newest-voting-bloc-state-tribes-support-hagan-157594
<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p><em>CORRECTION: ICTMN has been contacted by Earl Evans, Vice Chairman of Haliwa-Saponi Indian Tribe, who stated that the "statements, views decisions and/or opinions" attributed to the coalition do not "represent the statements, views, decisions a</em></p></div></div></div>Thu, 30 Oct 2014 15:08:13 +0000kpolisse157594 at http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.comhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/10/30/ncs-newest-voting-bloc-state-tribes-support-hagan-157594#commentsLumbee Could Decide NC Senate Race– Tribe Ignored in Recent Debatehttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/09/12/lumbee-could-sway-nc-election-tribe-not-mentioned-recent-debate-156855
<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>Last Thursday, North Carolina Senatorial Candidates Speaker Thom Tillis and incumbent Senator Kay Hagan (D-NC) held their state debate which was televised on C-SPAN.</p></div></div></div>Fri, 12 Sep 2014 14:00:00 +0000kpolisse156855 at http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.comhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/09/12/lumbee-could-sway-nc-election-tribe-not-mentioned-recent-debate-156855#commentsLumbee Citizen to Coordinate Southeast American Indian Studies at UNCPhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/08/22/lumbee-citizen-coordinate-southeast-american-indian-studies-uncp-156540
<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>Lawrence T.</p></div></div></div>Fri, 22 Aug 2014 20:00:00 +0000leeanne156540 at http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.comhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/08/22/lumbee-citizen-coordinate-southeast-american-indian-studies-uncp-156540#commentsIndian Gaming Reform: What Is Congress Plotting, and How Will SCIA Chair Jon Tester Respond?http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/07/28/indian-gaming-reform-what-congress-plotting-and-how-will-scia-chair-jon-tester-respond
<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>Undercurrents of legislative reform of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) — the 1988 law that gives the federal government the power to regulate tribal gaming — are once again flowing through Congress.</p></div></div></div>Mon, 28 Jul 2014 15:09:04 +0000klb678156083 at http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.comhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2014/07/28/indian-gaming-reform-what-congress-plotting-and-how-will-scia-chair-jon-tester-respond#commentsNative History: Ku Klux Klan Formed as a Secret Fraternity in Tennesseehttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/12/24/native-history-ku-klux-klan-formed-secret-fraternity-tennessee-152744
<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>This Date in Native History: On December 24, 1865, a group of confederate Civil War veterans formed the Ku Klux Klan in Pulaski, Tennessee.</p></div></div></div>Tue, 24 Dec 2013 15:00:00 +0000leeanne152744 at http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.comhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/12/24/native-history-ku-klux-klan-formed-secret-fraternity-tennessee-152744#commentsIntroducing Captain Gary Lockee, Reluctant Lumbee War Herohttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/01/27/introducing-captain-gary-lockee-reluctant-lumbee-war-hero-147219
<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p> </p></div></div></div>Sun, 27 Jan 2013 15:00:00 +0000leeanne147219 at http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.comhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2013/01/27/introducing-captain-gary-lockee-reluctant-lumbee-war-hero-147219#commentsLumbee Tribe of North Carolina's Eldest Member Walks Onhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/07/05/lumbee-tribe-north-carolinas-eldest-member-walks-122107
<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>On June 28 the oldest member of the Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina walked on. Pearl Bell Bowen was born August 19, 1908 and lived to the age of 103. She was a long-time resident of Baltimore City, Maryland’s Lemko Community on S. Ann St.</p></div></div></div>Fri, 06 Jul 2012 00:00:49 +0000leeanne122107 at http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.comhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/07/05/lumbee-tribe-north-carolinas-eldest-member-walks-122107#commentsLumbee Rocker Willie French Lowery's 1969 Psychedelic Album to Be Reissuedhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/06/21/lumbee-rocker-willie-french-lowerys-1969-psychedelic-album-be-reissued-119759
<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>Willie French Lowery, who died on May 3, was a towering cultural figure in the Lumbee tribe, and a musician of great skill whose professional career spanned more than four decades.</p></div></div></div>Fri, 22 Jun 2012 02:13:21 +0000jrobertson119759 at http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.comhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/06/21/lumbee-rocker-willie-french-lowerys-1969-psychedelic-album-be-reissued-119759#commentsArlinda Locklear Delivers Commencement Address at College of Charleston, Encourages Public Servicehttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/06/03/arlinda-locklear-delivers-commencement-address-college-charleston-encourages-public
<div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><p>Arlinda Locklear, Lumbee, the first female Native American attorney to argue before the Supreme Court, served as commencement speaker for the May 12 events at the College of Charleston, of which she is an alumna.</p></div></div></div>Sun, 03 Jun 2012 18:00:37 +0000leeanne116083 at http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.comhttp://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2012/06/03/arlinda-locklear-delivers-commencement-address-college-charleston-encourages-public#comments