Final chapter in Convention Center Series: Betrayals of public trust

This is the fifty-first and last installment in a series concerning the Convention Center Project.

Its purpose is to summarize the questionable, devious, sleights of hand, and, at times, outright mendacious if not fraudulent actions of some of the participants.

Fortunately, local circumstances have in general changed for the better. This is especially true concerning the Lancaster Newspapers, Inc. which has returned to its former high standards.

The editor thanks Chris Hart-Nibbrig, the principal author of the below and many of the installments, and others who choose not to be identified who contributed and helped fact check.

Whether the Convention Center Project will be successful or a ‘white elephant’ is not central to the issues addressed. Rather, the unscrupulous manner of how this huge and dubious undertaking came about is part of the history of our community, and future generations hopefully will benefit for its telling and lessons learned.

The Editor

Abuses by Lancaster Newspapers:

- Lancaster Newspapers (LNP) failed to disclose the extent of its ownership stake in the project – initially 44% (and later 50%) – until compelled to do so in court in 2006.

- In an early 1999 LNP article introducing the possibility of a hotel room sales tax to subsidize the project, Rep. John Barley, Sen. Gibson Armstrong, County Commissioner, Terry Kauffman, and Lancaster Mayor Charlie Smithgall all said that the hospitality industry would have to support the idea for a room tax to finance the convention center. In the summer of 1999, before the vote to establish the hotel room tax and the LCCCA, the Lancaster County hotel and motel owners’ association conducted a survey regarding the project. Of 58 hotels and motels across the county, 54 voted against the project. Three abstained from voting; only High Hotels’ Hampton Inn voted in support of the project.

LNP failed to follow-up and hold the public officials’ accountable for their initial statements.

- Lancaster Newspapers repeatedly reported widespread public support for the project. To the contrary, a poll conducted for Fox 43 by Opinion Dynamics, a national polling firm, showed that 78% of the Lancaster public with an opinion opposed public financing of the project. Lancaster Newspapers failed to publish the main findings of the Fox/Opinion Dynamics poll. Robert E. Field, publisher of NewsLanc, who underwrote the poll, paid for an advertisement in Lancaster Newspapers which reported the complete findings.

- Despite ongoing references over the years by the newspapers to studies of project “feasibility”, none was undertaken until early 2006 when the Lancaster County Commissioners belatedly engaged industry leader, PKF.

-LNP ‘cherry picked’ data from the market studies, ignoring for the most part their negative observations. The Ernst & Young market study, for example, lists “Factors Assessed as Competitive Weaknesses: 1) Air Access; 2) Cultural, arts and entertainment attractions; 3) Population; 4) Industry concentration; 5) Historical demand for lodging/meeting facilities; 6) Market image for meetings/conventions/trade consumer shows; 7) Other quality-of-life issue.”With findings of few cultural attractions, no air service, and congested traffic, the market studies were hardly recommendations for the project. However, to read the Lancaster Newspapers’ articles, the studies painted a picture of probable success.

- LNP uncritically published misinformation by representatives of Penn Square Partners and other project proponents.

- LNP allowed – unchecked — the public denigration of the PKF report by project sponsors.

- After promising to release the Ernst & Young report to hotel and motel owners in July, 1999, the sponsoring organization, Lancaster Campaign, reneged on that promise and didn’t release it until the commissioners voted on the tax in early September. LNP did not hold the pro-project commissioners accountable for the withholding of vital information.

- Lancaster Newspapers reported that organizations including the Lancaster Campaign, Lancaster Alliance, Economic Development Company of Lancaster (EDC), Lancaster Chamber of Commerce all supported the project, without pointing out that the boards of directors of these organizations either included the private partners, or were working for them. Examples include the Lancaster Alliance and Lancaster Campaign, organizations launched by High, Buckwalter and Fulton, and a small handful of their business associates. The Lancaster Chamber of Commerce was headed by Tom Baldridge, also executive director of the Lancaster Campaign. Jack Buckwalter and Rufus Fulton sat on the EDC board. The failure to disclose the interlocking directorates gave the false impression that the project had wider organizational support than it actually did.

- After the first round of construction bids were returned in May of 2006, Lancaster Newspapers reported a $13.6 million cost overage. In fact, it was more than $25 million. It took a member of the convention authority board, Laura Douglas, to point out the discrepancy.

- Lancaster Newspapers failed to report that the twenty-plus million dollar budget closure in the summer of 2006 was largely illusory and in part fallacious, and that some of the funds came at the direct expense of other, arguably more worthwhile projects, such as the downtown Lancaster Public Library, thus halting plans for its expansion and renovation.

- The sale of Conestoga View Nursing Home was used to smear the two county commissioners who were critical of county guaranties of convention center funding. LNP repeatedly treated the lawful selling of a money-losing county asset as being the height of folly.

- LNP stood by uncritically while District Attorney convened an unprecedented Grand Jury to investigate the hiring of a county employee and kept it in session frantically searching for any wrong doing for almost a year. (The only two prior grand juries in Lancaster County history were convened for murder cases.)

- LNP for three days straight reported a plea bargain by the commissioners for a minor violation of the Sunshine Law as though it were the crime of the century. The real story that went unreported was how the Grand Jury had continuously rebuffed efforts by District Attorney DonaldTotaro to find any wrongdoing. The Grand Jury’s final report found no violations whatsoever of any laws.

- Unlike their usual practice of having the Intelligencer Journal take one side of an important issue and the New Era the other, all three newspapers actively supported the project both in their news and editorial coverage.

- LNP used its press to demonize opponents of the project, consistently using terms like “naysayers” and people who wanted to “kill” the project, or suggesting trumped up self interests on the part of critics.

- In a front page article published in the Intelligencer Journal, December 17, 2004, Lancaster Newspapers reported in detail a proposed RACL purchase of the former Watt & Shand building. Three months later, after Penn Square Partners tax abatement plan was rejected by the Lancaster School Board, and after Dale High pronounced the project ‘dead,’ Lancaster Newspapers reported a “new” plan for RACL to purchase the Watt & Shand building. The “new” plan was a mirror of the RACL deal of December, 2004. In private discussions before the School Board vote, city officials used the RACL deal as leverage in trying to persuade school board members to vote for their tax plan.

- There was ‘off’ and ‘on’ reporting concerning the likelihood of the project prior to and during the biddings of the construction project. Did the news reports discourage bidding by other contractors, and thus benefit winning bidder, High Construction Company?

Abuses and self serving by Penn Square Partners and its General Partner High Associates

S. Dale High is the county’s most prominent businessman, heading High Industries Inc. and High Real Estate Group LLC among other High entities, and he is, directly or indirectly, a major contributor to political parties, and also a strategic and highly publicized donor to charitable causes. As such, High could be characterized as the ‘boss of bosses’ in Lancaster County.

- In the case of the convention center project, High used his connections and status to leverage public officials, LNP, and governmental bodies to provide extraordinary benefits in guarantees, financing, waiver of fees, free city services, exemption from real estate taxes, and unusually favorable contract terms for Penn Square Partners (PSP) with the Lancaster County Convention Center Authority (LCCCA).

- High’s registered lobbyist, the law firm of Stevens & Lee, was named solicitor to the Lancaster County Convention Center Authority, thus creating an arguable conflict of interest by representing both the private and public sectors of the project.

- Several High subsidiary companies received single bid contracts for the project, including the largest “General Trades” contract, of more than $37 million. When High resigned as construction manager and announced that that his subsidiary would bid in the second round, the prior bidder, Wohlsen Construction, withdrew. Wohlsen’s earlier bid was reportedly $15 million lower!

- A High Group subsidiary was awarded the food concessions contract at the convention center, and was only required to pay a minimal 5% of revenue up to a threshold figure, and 10% commission thereafter, rather than standard industry commissions ranging from 20% to more than 30%.

- PSP, despite initial claims of a $45 million investment, only contributed upfront $11 million, in a form that remains unclear, towards the $72 million plus cost of the hotel. The rest of the funding was taxpayer dollars combined with a $24 million, 20-year construction mortgage guaranteed by the City of Lancaster (bringing the PSP’s total “investment” through bond payments to $35 million over 20+ years). PSP has an option to acquire the hotel after 20 years for a nominal amount.

- Through a sale and lease-purchase arrangement with RACL, PSP was able to avoid the payment of all county, school district and city real estate taxes, costing the city, School District of Lancaster, and the county millions of dollars in lost real estate tax revenue over the 20 year term of the agreement.

- Despite being only an investor in the Marriott Hotel business, PSP demanded in the project’s agreements half of any additional funds contributed by the state to the convention center portion of the project.

- In the agreements negotiated on behalf of the LCCCA by Stevens & Lee, PSP is to receive 50% of the proceeds from naming rights to the convention center, even though its investment is strictly in the hotel. Because of this, later LCCCA boards have taken no action toward selling these valuable naming rights.

- This same agreement specifies that S. Dale High – named individually – would have “Right of First Offer” to acquiring the naming rights to the convention center, a provision that would discourage other bidders.

- On more than a half-dozen occasions, Dale High threatened to ‘pull the plug’ on the project if he didn’t get his desired concessions.

- After having been publicly exposed that the market studies made on behalf of the project were only market studies, High and PSP continued to mischaracterize them as feasibility studies.

-According to real estate investor Robert Field, Dale High told him face to face that PSP had a feasibility study for the hotel; they did not. Also according to Field, High told him that High had assurances from other business leaders that they would move major facilities downtown once the project was under way; this did not occur. (Perhaps so advised by High, Lancaster mayor Rick Gray repeatedly made the same kind of statements in front of the City Council board and in committee meetings.)

Excesses and abuses by Public Officials

- Senator Gibson E. Armstrong: Armstrong amended state law several times to benefit the project. The first time, in October, 1999, he clandestinely changed the Convention Center Authority Act by amending a small section and inserting it into another, unrelated, bill. Armstrong was criticized by several members of the Lancaster legislative delegation for the move.

. “Act 23” is a state law repurposed and rewritten by Armstrong specifically to provide construction funding for the hotel tower. Armstrong later pushed through amendments to this law in order to block pending lawsuits. Under the provisions of this law, more than $14.5 million was borrowed from Fulton Bank, to be repaid by State grants of $1 million a year over a 20-year period. These grants are justified under “Act 23” by increased sales tax, hotel tax, and personal income tax generated by the project. If the total of these were to fall below $1 million a year, the City of Lancaster is responsible for paying the difference. Tax forgiveness and state subsidies for the Convention Center Project means higher taxes in general and / or less support for worthier undertakings.

-The ‘heroic’ legislation by Armstrong directly or indirectly cost Lancastrians millions in tax revenues, potentially millions more as a result of bond guarantees, and funding for other worthy local causes and projects, such as the aborted expansion and renovation of the Lancaster Public Library resulting from promised funds being transferred to cover Convention Center costs. It also burdened the tourist industries with a 5% room sales tax

-Sen. Armstrong repeatedly publicly denigrated Commissioner Shellenberger, saying that his fellow Republican was a “liar,” and should resign. This added to the poisonous political climate in Lancaster.

- Donald Totaro, District Attorney: Totaro, former Lancaster County District Attorney (now judge) petitioned the court to convene a secret grand jury to investigate the county commissioners over a county executive’s resume discrepancy in late 2005. Totaro launched his grand jury investigation – sending out scores of subpoenas, before reading internal report on the matter. Grand Jury determined that while puffery took place with the resume, that the official application was accurate.

-The Grand Jury was only the third in Lancaster County history, and the other two were murder cases.

- It is extraordinary for a grand jury, especially one in session for almost a year, to come up with no indictment.

Brandishing the threat of indictment over the three county commissioners, Totaro presented them with a Hobson’s choice: either possibly be indicted (for reasons not disclosed and a mystery to them), or plead ‘guilty’ to a summary violation of the Sunshine Act for which there was a $100 fine. Totaro knew that the Grand Jury had found no evidence of wrong doing by the commissioners, as became evident when their report was made public. (Individual commissioners could not know what wrong doings might have been done by another and feared implication. There also was the need to put the matter behind them prior to running for re-election.)

- Louis Farina: President judge. Farina gave the official go-ahead for Totaro to open his Grand Jury investigation, and empanelled only the third grand jury in Lancaster County history – the others were for murder cases. Moreover, Farina allowed Totaro to flit from new allegation to new allegation, all of which were found to be without merit by the Grand Jury.

- Paul Thibault, Lancaster County Commissioner (Chairman): Backed by High, Buckwalter, and Fulton’s Lancaster Alliance, Thibault as commissioner led the passage of the room tax, and established the LCCCA board in 1999. Four years later, as a lame duck commissioner, less than a week before the general election to select his replacement, he tied the hands of the next board by passing a $40 million county-backed bond guarantee for the project. So long as debt remained on that bond, nothing could be done by future commissioners reduce or repeal the hotel room sales tax.

- Terry Kauffman, Lancaster County Commissioner: Kauffman, a Republican who left office in 1999, voted to impose the hotel room sales tax and establish the Convention Center Authority despite a critical Ernst & Young market report and concerns expressed by hoteliers and the public. Kauffman publicly said he was basing his vote on the Ernst & Young “feasibility” study.

- Rick Gray, Mayor of Lancaster: As a candidate for Mayor of Lancaster, Gray promised that he would convene a study group to investigate the feasibility of the proposed center. After the election, Gray’s ‘panel’ questioned only people who were intimately involved in the project, and no one else. The day after Gray’s inauguration as Mayor, he viciously attacked those who were asking questions about the project at a public forum held at Farm & Home Center. There, Gray’s statement that state money should not be passed up suggested he either had been a supporter of the project or was unwilling to clash with the convention center sponsors. Later, after impulsively suggesting a feasibility study be sponsored by the Commissioners, he back peddled on his request and subsequently publicly trashed the reputable PKF feasibility study.

- Arthur E. Morris, former Lancaster city mayor and Sunday News columnist. Morris, more than anyone, kept the Conestoga View issue in the press with a fusillade of criticism for the county commissioners. His concerns about the future of the facility in private hands did not come to pass; instead, Conestoga View was able to maintain, and even improve, the quality of their services.

- Dick Shellenberger, County Commission Chair: He erred and later publicly apologized for not allowing more time than was required for public comment on the sale of Conestoga View Nursing Home. He had campaigned for office as a conservative Republican and had espoused privatization of government functions where possible, a position consistent with that of then president George W. Bush and other Republican leaders. Although overwhelmingly elected, his courageous position of questioning and later opposing the county guarantee of convention center debt caused him to be hounded from office by center supporters and the Lancaster newspapers.

Abuse by Lancaster County Convention Center Authority (LCCCA)

The Lancaster County Convention Center Authority was established in September, 1999, along with the imposition of a hotel room rental tax and an additional excise tax. Eighty percent of the tax from the room rental tax goes to the LCCCA board to administer the project.

- James Pickard, in his role as chairman of the LCCCA, represented in a $15 million application for state funds that the Pricewaterhouse market study “represents the market and economic feasibility of the project…”. This misrepresentation of a market study as a feasibility study came close to, if not actually being, either a misdemeanor or a felony.

- Both chairman Pickard and his successor Ted Darcus refused to accept questions from the public nor would they allow public comment on matters before the authority board, other than setting aside a period at each meeting for public comment limited to three minutes per speaker. Eventually, a successful law suit brought by a community activist forced the LCCCA to allow public comment on each item as it was. Even so, Darcus as chairman consistently looked down at the podium and appeared to be reading or writing whenever a member of the public raised a pertinent issue.

- Darcus deprived county appointed board members sufficient opportunity to review contracts with PSP by having them delivered only a little over a day beforehand and then refusing to postpone a vote to provide adequate time for review of the voluminous and one sided agreements prejudicial to the LCCCA’s and the public’s interests.

- Darcus would not allow public review of even redacted Stevens and Lee invoices nor would he make them available locally for authority board members to peruse. Lamentably, this detracted the attention and energy of project critics from critical issues, since, when the invoices were allowed to be reviewed after the project was underway by then chair Art Morris, the invoices were found to be proper.

- Almost a million dollars was paid to consultant Dan Logan without apparent work product. Similarly, hundreds of thousands of taxpayer dollars were paid to other consultants, with inconsistent and often incomplete results. It was Logan in his prior capacity of managing the Brunswick Hotel who had not returned calls to Mayor Charles Smithgall who at the time had wanted to explore placing the convention center next to the Brunswick in order to revitalize the hotel and Lancaster Square.

The LCCCA thwarted the County Commissioners by refusing to pay the balance of $18,000 on the $40 million bond which would have freed the Commissioners to reduce or repeal the hotel room sales tax.

- Terms of agreements between the private partners and the public LCCCA redound overwhelmingly to Penn Square partners. In addition to delivering voluminous documents to the board members in a little more than a day before a vote was taken, then LCCCA board chairman Ted Darcus consistently did not arrange for the board to be briefed by counsel Stevens & Lee concerning these unusually one side arrangements

- Although the hotel and convention center are owned by two separate distinct entities, the entire project is served by several electric meters which cover the “integrated facility” in ways that do not correspond to its division of ownership. Project architects told and reconfirmed to NewsLanc that the failure to meter separate use of the hotel and the convention center was at the instructions of PSP partners’ spokesman, Tom Smithgall of High Industries. The architects later denied having said that.

Without separate metering of the hotel areas, the convention center areas, and shared space, it is not possible to accurately allocate costs.

- The large break out areas in front of the convention center exhibition center is continuous with the lobby of the Marriott with no provision for isolating the areas. This wastes huge amounts of energy due to the high cost to continuously air condition the multi-story convention center break out areas to a temperature suitable for the hotel public areas. A convention center is in use, at best, only half the days over the course of the year.

- Parts of the building that are built and maintained by the LCCCA, such as the hotel kitchen, third floor ballroom and meeting rooms, fourth floor meeting rooms, half of the huge hotel lobby, and parts of the business office, are areas that Penn Square Partners’ will pay only a nominal $100 a year for 99 years to use. All revenue received from any of these areas goes directly to the Penn Square Partners, even if the rest of the event is booked in the convention center’s facilities.

- LCCCA sued county commissioners Shellenberger and Henderson in an attempt to prevent them from discussing the project publicly.

- During the critical stages of sending out contracts, when county appointed board members objected to the short time for review of the documents and moved to postpone votes, they were overridden by the rubber-stamp, city-appointed majority. At one LCCCA board meeting, former member Joe Morales harshly criticized board members for demanding enough time to study what they were to vote on, stating that he trusted the LCCCA’s solicitors (Stevens & Lee) to do what was right for the public.

- The LCCCA paid millions of dollars to consultants, who left little work product to show for it. For example, Dan Logan (a former manager at the Brunswick Hotel) was paid almost $1 million for consulting work, with no evidence of his work product

- Consultant Logan based his marketing strategy, he said at a LCCCA meeting in 2006, on a PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) market study. This study had been disavowed and withdrawn by PwC by the time of Logan’s comments

- Several city appointed members of the LCCCA had little to zero experience either in the hospitality industry or in building large municipal projects. They sat quietly at meeting and voted per chairman Darcus’ recommendations.

- David Hixson was engaged as executive director despite a background almost exclusively in public relations, hardly any administrative experience, and no background in developing major projects. Thus much of the planning and coordination of the project was performed by the law firm of Stevens & Lee at $250 to $300 per hour.

- The LCCCA denounced the PKF Feasibility Report study even before it began, refused to cooperate with its research, and went on to completely ignore its recommendations.

Abuse by Law firm of Stevens & Lee

Stevens & Lee authored the Third Class County Convention Center Authority Act, which permitted taxation of hotel and room rentals to pay for construction of publicly-owned convention centers, and established a convention center authority board to administer the project. In 1999 when the convention center project was launched in Lancaster, Stevens & Lee represented Luzerne County and the Luzerne County Convention Authority, and Berks County and the Berks County Convention Center Authority.

- Conflicts of interests made Stevens & Lee improbable advisors to the LCCCA board members and likely contributed to the one-sided contracts with Penn Square Partners and High Industries. Note:

- Stevens & Lee was the solicitor of record for the LCCCA.

- At the same time, Stevens & Lee represented Lancaster County as its solicitor of record.

- Stevens & Lee was also High Industries registered lobbyist in Harrisburg.

- The first convention center offices were located within Stevens & Lee office space in the Fulton office building.

- Stevens & Lee collected more than $7 million in fees for work funneled from the LCCCA.

Abuse by Redevelopment Agency for the City of Lancaster

- The RACL did not question its being used by former mayor Charlie Smithgall as a tool to allow Penn Square Partners to avoid paying real estate taxes on their ‘private’ hotel.

- RACL officials refused to cooperate with the PKF feasibility study, commissioned by Lancaster County Commissioners.

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8 Comments on “Final chapter in Convention Center Series: Betrayals of public trust”

Anonymous

Commented on July 30, 2011 at 9:06 pm |

Wow… you really ought to have a gag alert before all of that!

The on again off again of the project chased away any/all competitive bidders allowing High to ‘rescue’ the project.

While other installments of covered it… the bait and switch of promising something to get sweet heart deals and then backing out on their part

The school will get 400,000 and now they get nothing!

excellent excellent excellent!

Anonymous

Commented on July 31, 2011 at 7:38 am |

The NewsLanc piece was incredible.

Seeing the issue summarized like that is an important reminder of the abuses and corruption, as well as the “Old Boys network” that Lancaster still is in so many ways.

anonymous

Commented on July 31, 2011 at 8:10 am |

Terrific summary but I have to inquire as to what the editor is smoking when he says :

“Fortunately, local circumstances have in general changed for the better. This is especially true concerning the Lancaster Newspapers, Inc. which has returned to its former high standards.”

Nothing has changed. LNP did not report this story on a totally one-sided basis because that would not sell enough papers. They told just enough of the other side, while maintaining a lopsided position in support, without asking any questions, to use the controversy to sell papers all the while also having a horse in the race in the form of their ownership position. Personally, I see nothing different today.

I don’t know why you give them credit for change and I would point to their coverage of the healthcare behemoth in this town as another example of merely serving as a propaganda arm for the local elite.

Maybe you are just trying to offer some professional courtesy, and while that is admirable, I would contend that you and LNP are NOT in he same profession.

EDITOR:We would agree that LNP should be more pro-active concerning Lancaster General Health’s neglect of their public charity responsibilities, their questionable expenditures concerning executives, and their ignoring of their public health and education mission.

Anonymous

Commented on July 31, 2011 at 10:31 am |

The Lancaster papers will shrivel to naught over time because of their lack of credibility in this and other areas of reporting.

Anonymous

Commented on July 31, 2011 at 7:01 pm |

Lancaster Newspapers sold its’ soul when they got into bed with High Industries. Fulton Bank. was also an initial party in this fiasco, but saw the light and left while the leaving was good. The Steinman brothers must be turning in their grave that LNP could become so greedy and self-centered.

LNP will never be what it once was, and neither will downtown Lancaster; despite the efforts of ‘civic-minded’ politicians and ‘powers that be’ that hope to return the face of Lancaster to what it was in the 50’s (and you can read that as ‘white’). That was the hoped-for outcome of the hoped-for ‘downtown renaissance’ that the hotel/convention center would undoubtedly bring about.

Anonymous

Commented on August 1, 2011 at 8:40 am |

Quite a lengthy indictment. I wonder if the District attorney’s office will open an investigation.

Anonymous

Commented on August 1, 2011 at 9:47 am |

It is a great outline summary, that should hardly be the “last installment.” It would be good to have this as a foundation for a book, with photos, that would explain the details a bit better.

The text makes sense to those of us who were here and paying attention. But I am afraid the text does not offer enough details to a reader who is not at all familiar with the “plot.”

I also think the inclusion of more specific dates would keep the chronology on track.

Anonymous

Commented on August 2, 2011 at 10:12 pm |

Needs to be a book; maybe even “fiction” to avoid frivolous lawsuits by private entities using public funds, like the LCCCA spending 7 million dollars in public money to advance the interests of the private PSP, while keeping the public in the dark through control of the media.

Then there are the political contributions to buy access and influence (i.e bribery), the single slick law firm representing both sides while sticking it to the less powerful “client”, the more “in the dark” entity, the suckers, i..e. the public), the DA and a court house using our legal establishment to punish honest citizens who dare to challenge private excess, etc etc etc.

Great story that needs to be told over and over again until the sleeping people, whose country (and county) this is, finally “gets it” sufficiently to overcome their fear of retaliation. Possible? If Molly Henderson stands alone it is impossible. Only solidarity can overcome our public and shameful imprisonment.

So, courage anyone? Solidarity? Fair play? Lancaster County is great for religion and charity and goodness and virtue as long as it costs nothing and risks nothing. We either run these guys out of town (literally of figuratively) or we live on their plantation by their rules as we have for 100 years.

This American tragedy needs to be told, not only in a book, but a great book, one that might trigger a movement towards having our public institutions actually serve the people who built this country instead of those who, at one time, may have helped to build it, but who now simply feed on it. Shame on them all.

I do no begrudge one dollar of any person’s money that was honestly made but when that honest money is used to steal money from others, to steal their institutions, and their very government, then the time has come to start all over again and rebuild history’s greatest experiment in self government.

Credo

"....I have never made it a consideration whether the subject was popular or unpopular, but whether it was right or wrong; for that which is right will become popular, and that which is wrong, though by mistake it may obtain the cry or fashion of the day, will soon lose the power of delusion, and sink into disesteem." Thomas Paine, Common Sense, on "Financing the War", March 5, 1782