Tank
A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat,
with heavy firepower, strong armour, tracks and a powerful engine
providing good battlefield maneuverability. The first tanks were
designed to overcome the deadlock of trench warfare; in the 2010s,
they are a mainstay of modern ground forces and a key part of combined
arms combat. Modern tanks are versatile mobile land weapon system
platforms, mounting a large-calibre cannon in a rotating gun turret,
supplemented by mounted machine guns or other weapons
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Caliber
In guns, particularly firearms, caliber or calibre is the approximate
internal diameter of the gun barrel, or the diameter of the projectile
it shoots. It is measured in hundredths or thousandths of an inch or
in millimetres. For example, a ".45 caliber" firearm has a barrel
diameter of roughly 0.45 inches (11 mm). Barrel diameters can
also be expressed using metric dimensions. For example, a "9mm pistol"
has a barrel diameter of about 9 millimetres (it is rare for the
actual barrel diameter to precisely match the designation however, and
the bullet itself is yet another dimension). When the barrel diameter
is given in inches, the abbreviation "cal" (for "caliber") can be
used
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Self-propelled Mortar
A mortar carrier, or self-propelled mortar, is a self-propelled
artillery piece in which a mortar is its primary weapon. Simpler
vehicles carry a standard infantry mortar while in more complex
vehicles the mortar of is fully integrated into the vehicle and cannot
be dismounted from the vehicle. Mortar carriers cannot be fired while
on the move and some must be dismounted to fire.[citation needed].Contents1 Evolution
2 United States
3 See also
4 References
5 External linksEvolution[edit]
The mortar carrier has its genesis in the general mechanisation and
motorisation of infantry in the years leading up to World War II
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Weapon System
Legend for Numeric Designations
CL: Lockheed
D: Douglas
NA: North American[1]
WS (Weapon System)Weapon System is a United States military term that designated, along
with a weapon system number (e.g., WS-110), military experimental
(MX)[1] weapons prior to official naming (e.g., under a military
aircraft designation system. Preceded by the first Skunk Works program
(MX-813 for the Convair XF-92 in 1946),[2]:76 the
earliest[verification needed] "WS" designation was the 1954
WS-117L.[3]:22 Circa February 1950, an Air Research and Development
Command "study prepared by Maj Gen Gordon P. Saville ..
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Multiple Rocket Launcher
A multiple rocket launcher (MRL) or multiple launch rocket system
(MLRS) is a type of rocket artillery system. Rockets have different
capabilities than artillery, like longer range, and different
payloads, typically considerably larger warheads than a similarly
sized artillery platform, or multiple warheads. Unguided rocket
artillery is notoriously inaccurate and slow to reload, compared to
artillery. To overcome this, rockets are combined in systems that can
launch multiple rockets simultaneously. Modern rockets can use GPS or
inertial guidance, to combine the advantages of rockets with high
accuracy.Contents1 History1.1 World War II2 Types
3 Current usage
4 See also
5 ReferencesHistory[edit]
The first multiple rocket launchers, huo che, were made during the
medieval Chinese Song dynasty. It was designed to launch multiple
rocket arrows from a gunpowder box
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Front-line
A front line (alternative forms: front-line or frontline) in military
terminology is the position(s) closest to the area of conflict of an
armed force's personnel and equipment, generally referring to maritime
or land forces. When a front (an intentional or unintentional
boundary) between opposing sides form, the front line is the area
where the armies are engaged in conflict, especially the line of
contact between the opposing forces. In a military conflict, then,
when facing the front line, you face the enemy.
All branches of the U.S. armed services use the related technical
terms, Forward Line of Own Troops (FLOT) and Forward Edge of Battle
Area (FEBA). These terms are used as battlespace control measures that
designate the forward-most friendly maritime or land forces on the
battlefield at a given point in time during an armed conflict.
FLOT/FEBA may include covering and screening forces
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FirepowerFirepowerFirepower is the military capability to direct force at an enemy. (It
is not to be confused with the concept of rate of fire, which
describes the cycling of the firing mechanism in a weapon system.)
FirepowerFirepower involves the whole range of potential weapons. The concept
is generally taught as one of the three key principles of modern
warfare wherein the enemy forces are destroyed or have their will to
fight negated by sufficient and preferably overwhelming use of force
as a result of combat operations.
Through the ages firepower has come to mean offensive power applied
from a distance, thus involving ranged weapons as opposed to
one-on-one close quarters combat.
FirepowerFirepower is thus something employed
to keep enemy forces at a range where they can be defeated in detail
or sapped of the will to continue
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Battlefield
A battlefield, battleground, or field of battle is the location of a
present or historic battle involving ground warfare. It is commonly
understood to be limited to the point of contact between opposing
forces, though battles may involve troops covering broad geographic
areas. Although the term implies that battles are typically fought in
a field – an open stretch of level ground – it applies to any type
of terrain on which a battle is fought. The term can also have legal
significance, and battlefields have substantial historical and
cultural value—the battlefield has been described as "a place where
ideals and loyalties are put to the test".[1] Various acts and
treaties restrict certain belligerent conduct to an identified
battlefield
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Vehicle Armour
Military vehicles are commonly armoured (or armored; see spelling
differences) to withstand the impact of shrapnel, bullets, missiles or
shells, protecting the personnel inside from enemy fire. Such vehicles
include armoured fighting vehicles like tanks, aircraft and ships.
Civilian vehicles may also be armoured. These vehicles include cars
used by reporters, officials and others in conflict zones or where
violent crime is common, and presidential limousines. Civilian
armoured cars are also routinely used by security firms to carry money
or valuables to reduce the risk of highway robbery or the hijacking of
the cargo.
ArmourArmour may also be used in vehicles to protect from threats other than
a deliberate attack. Some spacecraft are equipped with specialised
armour to protect them against impacts from micrometeoroids or
fragments of space junk
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Combined ArmsCombined armsCombined arms is an approach to warfare which seeks to integrate
different combat arms of a military to achieve mutually complementary
effects (for example, using infantry and armor in an urban
environment, where one supports the other, or both support each
other).[1] According to strategist William S. Lind, combined arms can
be distinguished from the concept of "supporting arms" as follows:
Combined armsCombined arms hits the enemy with two or more arms simultaneously in
such a manner that the actions he must take to defend himself from one
make him more vulnerable to another
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Continuous Track
Continuous track, also called tank tread[1] or caterpillar track, is a
system of vehicle propulsion in which a continuous band of treads or
track plates is driven by two or more wheels. This band is typically
made of modular steel plates in the case of military vehicles and
heavy equipment, or synthetic rubber reinforced with steel wires in
the case of lighter agricultural or construction vehicles.
The large surface area of the tracks distributes the weight of the
vehicle better than steel or rubber tires on an equivalent vehicle,
enabling a continuous tracked vehicle to traverse soft ground with
less likelihood of becoming stuck due to sinking. The prominent treads
of the metal plates are both hard-wearing and damage resistant,
especially in comparison to rubber tires
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Trench WarfareTrench warfareTrench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines
consisting largely of military trenches, in which troops are
well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially
sheltered from artillery. The most famous use of trench warfare is the
Western Front in World
WarWar I. It has become a byword for stalemate,
attrition, sieges and futility in conflict.[1]
Trench warfareTrench warfare occurred when a revolution in firepower was not matched
by similar advances in mobility, resulting in a grueling form of
warfare in which the defender held the advantage.[2] On the Western
Front in 1914–1918, both sides constructed elaborate trench and
dugout systems opposing each other along a front, protected from
assault by barbed wire, mines, and other obstacles. The area between
opposing trench lines (known as "no man's land") was fully exposed to
artillery fire from both sides
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Assault Gun
An assault gun is a form of self-propelled artillery[1] which utilizes
an infantry support gun mounted on a motorized chassis, normally an
armored fighting vehicle.[2] Assault guns are designed to provide
direct fire support for infantry attacks, especially against other
infantry or fortified positions.[3] The term is a literal translation
of the German word Sturmgeschütz, which was applied to the first
purpose-built assault gun, the StuG III, in 1940.[3]
Historically, the concept of assault guns was very similar to that of
the infantry tank, as both were combat vehicles intended to accompany
infantry formations into battle.[4] However, during World War II
assault guns were more mobile than tanks and could be utilized as both
direct and indirect fire artillery.[4] Although they could approximate
the firepower of a tank, assault guns mostly fired high explosive
shells at relatively low velocities, which were well suited for their
role of knocking out hard points such as fortified posit
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Self-propelled Gun
A self-propelled gun (SPG) is a form of self-propelled artillery, and
in modern use is usually used to refer to artillery pieces such as
howitzers.
Self-propelled guns are mounted on a motorised wheeled or tracked
chassis (because of this they are sometimes visually similar to
tanks). As such the gun can be maneuvered under its own power as
opposed to a towed gun that relies upon a vehicle or other means to be
moved on the battlefield. Self-propelled guns are combat support
weapons; they are employed by combat support units fighting in support
of, or attached to, the main combat units: infantry and armour
(tanks). Self-propelled guns are best at providing indirect fire but
can give direct fire when needed. It may be armoured, in which case it
is considered an armoured fighting vehicle (AFV)
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Self-propelled Anti-aircraft Weapon
An anti-aircraft vehicle, also known as a self-propelled anti-aircraft
gun (SPAAG) or self-propelled air defense system (SPAD), is a mobile
vehicle with a dedicated anti-aircraft capability. The Russian
equivalent of SPAAG is ZSU, for zenitnaya samokhodnaya ustanovka,
("anti-aircraft self-propelled mount").
Specific weapon systems used include machine guns, autocannons, larger
guns, or missiles, and some mount both guns and longer-ranged missiles
(e.g. the Pantsir-S1). Platforms used include both trucks and heavier
combat vehicles such as APCs and tanks, which add protection from
aircraft, artillery, and small arms fire for front line deployment.
Anti-aircraft guns are usually mounted in a quickly-traversing turret
with a high rate of elevation, for tracking fast-moving aircraft. They
are often in dual or quadruple mounts, allowing a high rate of fire.
In addition, most anti-aircraft guns can be used in a direct-fire role
against surface targets to great effect
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