Ilya Ehrenburg Girshevich

IlyaEhrenburgGirshevich (G.) (15.1.1891, Kiev - 31.8.1967, Moscow), publicist and public figure, twice winner of the Stalin Prize (1942, 1948). The son of a merchant guild 2-nd. He studied at the school, together with NI. Bukharin. In 1905 he joined the Bolsheviks. In January 1908 he was arrested and released pending trial, and in December. 1908 "because of the painful condition" went abroad. Lived in France, where in 1910 released a collection of "Poems". In 1914-1917 correspondent of Russian bourgeois newspapers on the Western Front. In March 1917 he returned to Russia. Negatively reacted to the coming to power of the Bolsheviks and in 1921 again went to France. From 1921 he lived in Paris, was close to leftist circles of French society, actively collaborated in the Soviet press. Since 1923, the correspondent of "Izvestia". Became an integral part of the Soviet establishment, living proof of "creative freedom" in the USSR. His name and talent publicist and speaker widely used by Soviet propaganda to create an attractive image of the Stalinist regime abroad. Since 1930. continuously lived in the Soviet Union and began to pursue the idea in his works "about the inevitability of the victory of socialism". In 1936-1937 correspondent of "Izvestia" in the Republican army in Spain. During the Great Patriotic War, the war correspondent of the newspaper "Krasnaya Zvezda", for 1941-45 was published in the newspapers about 3 thousand of his articles. The author of the slogan "Kill the Germans". He was a member of the commission to "investigate" the murder of Polish officers at Katyn, along with the other contrary to the facts stated that these shootings are not committed by the NKVD, and the Germans. Was included in the Jewish Antifascist Committee, and after his defeat in 1949, particularly hurt. In 1950 was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Since 1950, the vice-president of the World Peace Council. In 1952 received the International Lenin Prize "for strengthening peace among peoples". Always remained extremely loyal to Stalinism. After the death of I.V. Stalin immediately changed his earlier view. In 1954-56 wrote the novel "The Thaw" that caused great controversy in society. That is her name and started calling the brief period of relaxation in the early years of NS. Khrushchev. Ehrenburg later said that under Stalin, he survived by sheer luck. To use material from the book.: Zaleski KA. Stalin's empire. Biographical Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow, Veche, 2000

Born on January 14 (27 NS) in Kiev in the family of an engineer. Early years were held in Kiev, then the family moved to Moscow. Here Ehrenburg studies in 1-st Moscow High School, from the sixth grade he was expelled for participating in the revolutionary Bolshevik organization. In 1908 he was arrested in December, he emigrated to Paris, where he continued his revolutionary work, and then withdrew from political life. I turned to literary work: in Paris, published a collection of poems, "I see" (1911), "Everyday" (1913), etc.. The First World War had an impact on the mood of Ehrenburg, reinforcing his skepticism and criticism, which is reflected in his "Poems on the Eves" (1916), steeped in the expectation of imminent collapse and social change.

In 1915 - 17 was a correspondent for "The Morning of Russia (Moscow) and" The Exchange Gazette (Petrograd). Military correspondence of these years were the beginning of his journalistic work ( "The Face of War", 1920).

In July 1917 returned to Russia, the October Revolution at first did not understand the doubts of those years were reflected in his poems, felt "excitement and dread of modernity".

In the spring of 1921 went abroad, where he wrote his first work in prose - the novel "Extraordinary Adventures of Julio Jurenito and his disciples ..." (1922). This was followed by other novels: "The Life and Death of Nicholas Kurbova" (1923), "Love of Jeanne Ney (1924) and others.

In 1921 - 24 Ehrenburg lived in Berlin, working in the magazines "Russian Book" and "New Russian Book", which publishes articles about contemporary Russian art. Publishes the book "Portraits of Russian Poets" and "And yet it moves".

In 1924 - 26 works on the socio-psychological novels "Grabber" (1924) and "In Protochny Lane" (1927).

In the 1930 trip to Spain, Germany and other European countries convinced him of the advance of fascism, and he understood: "... the fate of the soldier not the fate of a dreamer, and ... need to take their place in the order of battle". He is actively involved in the life of the Soviet country, visiting various construction sites of the first Five-Year Plans (1932).

In 1932 - 33 in Paris, wrote and published a novel, "Day Two", revising the position of his former skepticism.

Years 1936 - 39 with a few interruptions, held in Spain as a correspondent of "Izvestia". Predstavitelstvoval as a Soviet anti-fascist writer at international congresses in the protection of culture (1935, 1937), acted as a poet (poetry collection "Loyalty", 1941), as a writer (a collection of short stories, novel, "What does a man need", 1937). In 1940 began work on his novel "The Fall of Paris".

Since the beginning of World War II fame acquired his journalism: newspapers appeared in Pravda, Izvestia, Red Star. In the days of the war emerged concept of the novel "Storm", which was completed in 1947 and received the State Award for 1948. In the postwar years, published a novel The Ninth Wave "(1951 - 52), the story" The Thaw "(1954 - 56), caused the controversial.

In 1958 - 60 served as a master of literary-critical essays and literary portrait ( "The French Notebook, 1958," Rereading Chekhov, 1960). The most significant work of recent years - a book of memoirs "People, Years, Life", which Ehrenburg said: "It is, of course, highly subjective, and I can not pretend to give the history of the era ... This book does not chronicle, but rather a confession ... "

Until the end of life led a huge social activities. Ehrenburg died in Moscow on August 31, 1967.