I have payed biased wheels with success a while ago. I was using R.T. Barnhart's formula to calculate the positive expectation. It is a very simple way to do it and probably good.But I was looking into Standard Deviation as an another way to do it. The questions are: what kind of SD would be considered high enough? What are the the positive expectation associated with a particularSD?

I also have another comment. Where I play, the ball is spun Clockwise (C) and Counter clockwise (CC). The rotor going the other way, of course. When I played a long time ago, I just added up the data without regarding which way the ball was spun. Since I started compiling data a little while ago (all over again, lol!!!) I am now considering each way ( C and CC) on it's own. It seems to me that the bias might be present one way and not the other. I don't remember reading anything about that.

Thank you for the response. I have a fairly good comprehension of what SD is. I dont really have to know everything about it!I asked a couple of questions regarding SD. If any of you play biased numbers, what SD do you consider to be minimal to play such numbers? If you play more than one number, and those numbers are consecutive on the wheel, I suspect you need a lower SD as a whole. What is the positive expectancy for any particular SD? For one Number? For a sector?