In the derivation of the Rayleigh-Jeans Law, we count the number of EM modes in a square cavity.
After calculating the number of allowed modes due to boundary conditions, we multiply it by a factor of ...

I have read in many places that orthogonally polarized light beams do not interfere. However, I also know that orthogonal vectors, such as force, do affect each other and give a resulting force. So, ...

It is not completely clear to me how the notions of polarization and coherence, in optics, work together! I quite understand both of them but it's still hard to grasp their deep connection.
I'm quite ...

I am writing an essay about LCDs, the websites I've used non of them mentions anything about the dates and eras that newer technologies were used in LCDs, so wondering, does anyone know whether TFT is ...

(1) What happens at microscopic level when unpolarized light falls on a linear polarizer sheet ? i.e. Due to what thing inside polarizer sheet, only those EM waves are passed whose plane of vibration ...

For a gizmo idea that I have, I want to understand if it's possible to "reverse/turn" the polarity of light using passive, relatively thin and cheap films, similar to what we see in 3d glasses or TN ...

I've just been asked a strange question that I cannot find an answer to (even on the internet it seems I can't find any explanation for this) and I ended up wondering why most of the antennas which ...

The generation of surface plasmon depends on the polarization state of the impinging light beam. If the polarization of the beam impinging a nanosphere is along the z axis then the dipole radiation ...

While studying Faraday rotation (linear magneto-optic rotation) I came across a fact that faraday rotation can be enhanced. Verdet constant which depends on the wavelength can be enhanced as change in ...

In the context of classical electromagnetism, is it always possible to reproduce the action of a large number of half-wave plates and quarter wave-plates with that of a single half-wave plate and a ...

I have an E field given as $E(z) = [xE_a - yjE_b]\exp(-jkz)$ and I know the answer is that the field is right-hand circularly/elliptically polarized depending on whether $E_a = E_b$. Can someone show ...

I'm going to demonstrate the work of polarizing filter. I have a tablet for this purpose with disassembled LCD panel which is fine but it is bulky and overkill. Is there any other material that may ...

Unpolarized light is incident on a set of three polarizing sheets as shown in the figure at right. The polarizing directions of the sheets make angles 10°, 55° and 85° to the vertical.
What fraction ...

If we have light of a particular phase that is indecent on a beam splitter, I assume the transmitted beam undergo's no phase change. But I thought that the reflected beam would undergo a phase change ...

In case 1, you have a single source of light that you pass through a diagonally oriented linear polarizer and then a half waveplate, such that the horizontal and vertical components become $\pi$ out ...

If retarding films (i.e. wave plates) can retard the electric components of light (based on the films thickness) without affecting it's direction, couldn't I use a retarding film of randomly varying ...

The polarization is a property of waves that can oscillate with more than one orientation. Given this, when the light is reflected from a surface, does the reflection change the property/orientation ...

I get the idea that we use two polarized light sources and a parallax rendered film such that the objects seem to resemble true parallax in our eyes once it passes through the polarized glasses, but ...

In Lcd Screens there is a prcess called polarization.
Two question about it:
1. Why is it needed to pass the light through two polarizers ?
2. How des a pixel devide the light to three sub pixel and ...

I'm currently studying polarisation by reflection, and have come across two pieces of information from the same source, which I can't seem to understand on how they differ.
The oscillation direction ...

I have 3D glasses made up of plastic.
First case: When I hold front side of the 3D glasses (by this I mean that side on which light falls) in front of a computer screen, light coming from screen is ...

Say I have three sheets of Polaroid in series. I also have an unpolarized light source.
Let the first sheet of Polaroid be set up vertically so that only waves oscillating in the vertical direction ...

I was wondering (since I've looked pretty hard and haven't been able to find anything)-
are there any models that explain the polarization of light upon reflection? Everywhere I've looked I've seen ...

What would be the result if we replace the vertical polarizing filter in LCD device (screen) with a horizontal filter, what could we see exactly? Would we see the same if we use only one horizontal ...

I know that light reflected from a surface at 45° is polarized and that for a similar reason skylight arriving from a direction orthogonal to the sun is polarized too.
Photographers make use of this ...

A Gaussian (free) field theory is described by a quadratic action of the field, e.g. $S=\int\psi^\dagger K\psi$ (or $S=\frac{1}{2}\int\phi^\intercal K\phi$ for real fields). Usually one just need to ...

Behind two perpendicular crossed polarisation filters (for visible light) the intensity of light will be zero. After installing a third filter between the two others non parallel to each of them some ...