The 2010 United States Senate election in California took place on November 2, 2010. The election was held alongside 33 other United States Senate elections in addition to congressional, state, and various local elections. Incumbent Democratic U.S. Senator Barbara Boxer won re-election to a fourth term.

In 2009, Boxer was criticized for correcting a general who called her "ma'am". Brigadier General Michael Walsh was testifying on the Louisiana coastal restoration process in the wake of Hurricane Katrina and answered Boxer's query with "ma'am" when Boxer interrupted him. "Do me a favor," Boxer said. "can you say 'senator' instead of 'ma'am?'" "Yes, ma'am," Walsh interjected. "It's just a thing, I worked so hard to get that title, so I'd appreciate it. Thank you," she said. The Army's guide to protocol instructs service members to call members of the U.S. Senate "sir", "ma'am" or "senator".[1][2][3] Fiorina used this incident prominently in campaign ads, as did David Zucker, who directed a humorous commercial for RightChange.com titled 'Call Me Senator'.

The Los Angeles Times research of public records indicated Fiorina had failed to vote in most elections. Fiorina responded by saying, "I'm a lifelong registered Republican but I haven't always voted, and I will provide no excuse for it. You know, people die for the right to vote. And there are many, many Californians and Americans who exercise that civic duty on a regular basis. I didn't. Shame on me."[6][7]

Former State Senator and California Secretary of StateBruce McPherson alleged that during a telephone call with Carly Fiorina's campaign manager, Marty Wilson, Wilson expressed surprise that McPherson was endorsing the candidacy of Tom Campbell, and called him an anti-Semite.[8] Subsequently, Wilson strongly denied having made that charge against Campbell, thus leading to a controversy for the Fiorina campaign, where the credibility of long-time Sacramento political operative Marty Wilson was called into a comparison with that of Bruce McPherson.

On March 5, the three principal Republican primary candidates, Campbell, DeVore, and Fiorina participated in a live, on-air debate, which was broadcast on KTKZ in Sacramento. The debate was called by Campbell, in order to respond to accusations of "anti-Semitism," and otherwise being unfriendly to the interests of Israel.[9]

Campbell had also been criticized for having accepted campaign contributions (during his 2000 Senate race), from then-University of South Florida professor Sami Al-Arian.[10] On March 2, 2006, Al-Arian entered a guilty plea to a charge of conspiracy to help the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine, a "specially designated terrorist" organization; he was sentenced to 57 months in prison, and ordered deported following his prison term.[11][12] The usually subdued Tom Campbell responded very strongly to the accusations coming out of the Fiorina campaign, saying, "I called for this debate today so that both of my opponents can bring up absolutely any charge they want. Air it, and let me respond to it. But there’s no place for calling me anti-Semitic, then denying it. That whispering campaign, that 'silent slander,' stops today."[13]

A dispute had been triggered as well by Campbell's 2002 letter in defense of Al-Arian. Campbell said he had not been aware of the charges against Al-Arian when he wrote his January 21, 2002, letter to USF's president, asking USF not to discipline Al-Arian.[14][15][16]

He also said he had not been aware that Al-Arian had said, in a speech discussed in an O'Reilly interview before Campbell wrote his letter: "Jihad is our path. Victory to Islam. Death to Israel."[17] Campbell said:

I did not hear, I did not read, I was not aware of statements Sami Al-Arian had made relative to Israel. And I would not have written the letter had I known about those. ... To say 'Death to Israel' is abhorrent, it's horrible.[17]

Campbell said he was sorry he wrote the letter, adding that he did not know about the statements at the time. He said he should have researched that matter more thoroughly, and he would have known.[14][17][18][19]

Campbell had initially maintained that Al-Arian had never contributed to Campbell's 2000 Senate campaign.[20] That turned out to be untrue.[20] Campbell also initially said his letter defending Al-Arian was sent before the O'Reilly 2001 television broadcast where Al-Arian admitted saying "death to Israel," but that also turned out to be incorrect.[20] Campbell said his misstatements were the result of the events having taken place years prior.[20]

Boxer criticized Fiorina's choice "to become a CEO, lay off 30,000 workers, ship jobs overseas [and] have two yachts." A spokesman for Fiorina responded that the Fiorinas were a two-yacht family because they spent time in both California and Washington, D.C.[22] Boxer also claimed that Fiorina "skirted the law" by selling equipment to Iran during her tenure as HP's CEO, also claiming that the equipment may have ended up in the hands of the Iranian military.[23]

Despite the last poll before the election showed Fiorina only trailing by 4 points, on election night Boxer defeated Fiorina by a Ten point margin, and around a one million vote majority. Boxer's victory was notable, because although the 2010 Midterms was a good year for Republicans, and despite close polls, Boxer still won in a landslide. Boxer as expected performed extremely well in Los Angeles County, and the San Francisco Bay Area. Boxer was declared the winner shortly after the polls closed. Fiorina conceded defeat to Boxer at 11:38 P.M.

1.
California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and the second largest after New York City. The Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nations second- and fifth-most populous urban regions, California also has the nations most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The Central Valley, an agricultural area, dominates the states center. What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries, the Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony. The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its war for independence. The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California, the California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes, with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom. If it were a country, California would be the 6th largest economy in the world, fifty-eight percent of the states economy is centered on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific and technical business services. Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the states economy, the story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo. The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts. This conventional wisdom that California was an island, with maps drawn to reflect this belief, shortened forms of the states name include CA, Cal. Calif. and US-CA. Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, various estimates of the native population range from 100,000 to 300,000. The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their organization with bands, tribes, villages. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups, the first European effort to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was a Spanish sailing expedition, led by Portuguese captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed a portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila galleons on their trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565

2.
United States Senate election in California, 2004
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Senator Barbara Boxer ran for re-election and defeated Republican former Secretary of State Bill Jones. Senator Danney Ball, activist Toni Casey, former Mayor of Los Altos Hills Barry L. S, Jones was widely considered as the underdog. Jones got a major endorsement form the popular Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, the two major candidates had a debate. Pre-election polling had Boxer leading in double digits, but he never released a single TV ad. Jones raised about $700,000 more than Boxer during the third quarter, but overall, Boxer has raised $16 million to Jones $6.2 million. And Boxer has spent about $7 million on radio and television ads alone, the election was not close, with Boxer winning by an authoritative 20 point margin. Jones only performed well in parts of the state. Boxer on the other hand won almost all metropolitan areas in the state. The race was called right when the polls closed at 11,00 P. M, Jones conceded defeat to Boxer at 11,12 P. M. Final results from the Secretary of State of California, joinCalifornia 2004 General Election SmartVoter. org page on the California Senate race. Final results from the Secretary of State of California

3.
United States Senate election in California, 2016
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Under Californias nonpartisan blanket primary law, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party. In the primary, voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation, washington and Louisiana have similar jungle primary style processes for Senators. Incumbent Democratic Senator Barbara Boxer decided to not run for re-election to a term in office. This was the first open seat Senate election in California in 24 years, in the primary on June 7,2016, California Attorney General Kamala Harris and U. S. Representative Loretta Sanchez, both Democrats, finished in first and second place, respectively, and contested the general election, the highest Republican finisher in the primary won only 7. S. In the general election, Harris defeated Sanchez in a landslide, carrying all but Glenn, Barbara Boxer was re-elected with 52. 1% of the vote in 2010 against Republican Carly Fiorina. Towards the end of 2014, Boxers low fundraising and cash-on-hand numbers led to speculation that she would retire, on January 8,2015, Boxer announced that she would not run for re-election. President Cristina Grappo Kamala Harris, California Attorney General Massie Munroe, engineer Herbert G. Peters Emory Rodgers, activist Loretta Sanchez, Representative Steve Stokes, small business owner and Independent candidate for CA-28 in 2014 Stewart Albertson, attorney Xavier Becerra, U. S. Representative and candidate for Mayor of Los Angeles in 2001 Ami Bera, Representative Louis Caldera, former Director of the White House Military Office, former United States Secretary of the Army, and former State Assemblyman Tony Cárdenas, U. S. S. S. Representative and candidate for Governor in 1998 Jared Huffman, U. S. S, Representative Sheryl Sandberg, COO of Facebook Adam Schiff, U. S. Representative Hilda Solis, Los Angeles County Supervisor, former United States Secretary of Labor, Representative Ellen Tauscher, former Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs and former U. S. S. Senate in 2012 Jerry J. Yang, businessman Rocky Chavez, State Assemblyman Mary Bono, Representative Tom Campbell, former U. S. Representative, nominee for the U. S. Senate in 2000 and candidate for the U. S. S. Representative Larry Elder, talk radio host and attorney Kevin Faulconer, Mayor of San Diego Carly Fiorina, businesswoman and nominee for the U. S. Senate in 2010 Darrell Issa, U. S. Representative and candidate for the U. S. Senate in 1998 Ernie Konnyu, Representative and House Majority Leader Doug Ose, former U. S. S. The following are Federal Election Commission disclosures through the period ending March 31,2016. United States Senate elections,2016 Official campaign websites Kamala Harris for Senate Loretta Sanchez for Senate

4.
Barbara Boxer
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Barbara Levy Boxer is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from California 1993 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, she served in the U. S. House of Representatives 1983 to 1993. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Boxer graduated from Brooklyn College and she worked as a stockbroker for several years before moving to California with her husband. During the 1970s, she worked as a journalist for the Pacific Sun and she served on the Marin County Board of Supervisors for six years and became the boards first female president. With the slogan Barbara Boxer Gives a Damn, she was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982 and she sat on the House Armed Services Committee, and was involved in government oversight, passing several procurement reforms. Boxer won the 1992 election for the U. S. Senate, Boxer is the ranking member of the Environment and Public Works Committee and the vice chair of the Select Committee on Ethics. She is also the Democratic Chief Deputy Whip, on January 8,2015, Boxer announced that she would not seek re-election in 2016. She was succeeded by California Attorney General Kamala Harris, Boxer was born in Brooklyn, New York, to Jewish parents Sophie and Ira Levy. She attended public schools, and graduated from George W. Wingate High School in 1958, in 1962, she married Stewart Boxer and graduated from Brooklyn College with a bachelors degree in Economics. While in college she was a member of Delta Phi Epsilon sorority and was a cheerleader for the Brooklyn College basketball team, Boxer worked as a stockbroker for the next three years, while her husband went to law school. Later, the moved to Greenbrae, Marin County, California. She first ran for office in 1972, when she challenged incumbent Peter Arrigoni, a member of the Marin County Board of Supervisors. Later during the 1970s, Boxer worked as a journalist for the Pacific Sun and as an aide to John Burton, in 1976, Boxer was elected to the Marin County Board of Supervisors, serving for six years. She was the Boards first woman president, Boxers husband, Stewart, a prominent attorney in Oakland, represents injured workers in workers compensation cases, keeping a very low political profile. On May 28,1994, their daughter Nicole married Tony Rodham, before ending in divorce, they had a child Zachary, born in 1995. So Boxer is genetically tied to the Clintons through this union, Zachary held a unique distinction of being both the grandson and nephew of sitting U. S. senators. In 2006, the Boxers sold their house in Greenbrae, where they had lived for many years, Boxers first novel, A Time to Run was published in 2005 by San Francisco-based publishing company Chronicle Books. Her second novel Blind Trust was released in July 2009 by Chronicle Books, Boxer, then a Marin County supervisor, was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1982, succeeding John Burton

5.
Carly Fiorina
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Cara Carleton Carly Fiorina is an American businesswoman. Fiorina is known primarily for her tenure as Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett-Packard, as CEO of HP from 1999 to 2005, Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Top-20 company as ranked by Fortune Magazine. In 2002, Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology merger in history, in which HP acquired its rival personal computer manufacturer. HP subsequently eliminated 30,000 U. S. positions, in February 2005, she was fired as Chair and CEO after a boardroom disagreement. Fiorina was an adviser to Republican Senator John McCains 2008 presidential campaign, in 2010, she won the Republican nomination for the United States Senate in California. She lost the election to incumbent Democrat Barbara Boxer. Fiorina was a candidate in the 2016 Republican presidential primary. Fiorina made headlines by joining a group of Republicans who opposed Donald Trump even after he secured the Republican presidential nomination. On December 19,2016, after Trumps victory in the election, Fiorina was born on September 6,1954, in Austin, Texas, the daughter of Madelon Montross and Joseph Tyree Sneed III. The name Carleton, from which Carly is derived, has used in every generation of the Sneed family since the Civil War. At the time of her birth, Fiorinas father was a professor at the University of Texas School of Law. He would later become dean of Duke University School of Law, Deputy U. S. Attorney General and her mother was an abstract painter. She is mainly of English and German ancestry, and was raised Episcopalian and her paternal great-great-great-grandfather, Joseph P. Sneed, was a Methodist minister and educator in Texas. Her paternal great-great-great-great-uncle built the Constantine Sneed House in Brentwood, Tennessee, Carly was a Brownie but did not become a Girl Scout due to her familys frequent moves. She attended Channing School, in London and she later attended five different high schools, including one in Ghana, graduating from Charles E. Jordan High School in Durham, North Carolina. At one time she aspired to be a classical pianist and she received a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy and medieval history at Stanford University, in 1976. During her summers, she worked as a secretary for Kelly Services and she attended the UCLA School of Law in 1976, but dropped out after one semester. She worked as a receptionist for six months at a real estate firm, Marcus & Millichap, when she married in 1977, she and her husband moved to Bologna, Italy, where he was doing graduate work, there she did English tutoring to Italian businessmen

6.
California Democratic Party
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The California Democratic Party is the state branch of the United States Democratic Party in the state of California. Headquartered in Sacramento, it is chaired by veteran Democratic politician and former United States Representative John L. Burton and it is the majority party in both chambers of the California State Legislature, i. e. the State Assembly and the Senate. In regards to businesses and economics, the California Democratic party takes a stance that protects consumers, small businesses, unions, the platform also makes a point to champion the economic reforms of President Barack Obama. The 2012 platform addresses the issues of family in several sections, the platform promises to protect seniors, children and all types of families with fair economic and social policies. These policies range from continuing Medicare for the elderly and keeping playgrounds safe for children, the platform also highlights the right of a woman to make choices for her own body and claims that healthcare is a natural right of all people. The California democrats further promise to protect the dignity of disabled citizens, the platform is dedicated to advocating for the rights of women through equal pay and affirmative action. The party prioritizes the creation of a sustainable and earth-friendly state, focus is placed on the development of alternative forms of energy and how energy is consumed. In addition, the stresses that green jobs are a solution to economic. Finally, the platform takes stances on open internet use, immigration, the Democrats of California support the right of the people to express their thoughts and ideas through any media, and their right to assemble. The party believes that laws should be fair and that immigrants should not be discriminated against. The party wishes to bring education to the forefront, aiming to turn California into a state for academic achievement. A Detailed description of the California Democratic Partys position on all of the issues can be found in their 2012 Platform document. The California Democratic Party passes multiple resolutions every year as a way of expressing their opinion to lawmakers statewide, while the partys resolutions have no legal force themselves, they are official documents that elected representatives should take into account when making decisions. A few recent resolutions are summarised below,2012 Buy American This resolution, written 18 November 2012, encourages all arms of government to favor American suppliers of goods and services. The above are three of a long list of Resolutions passed by the California Democratic Party in 2012 and in preceding years. The history of the Democratic Party of California is complex and long, the State has traded hands every few cycles since its admission into the union in 1850. At that time, the state was firmly in the hands of the Democratic Party, until the early 1880s after the Republican Party abolished slavery, the Republicans held the state through the power and influence of railroad men. The Democratic Party responded by taking an anti-corporate, anti freedom of attainment position, in 1894, Democrat James Budd was elected to the governorship, and the Democratic Party attempted to make good on their promises to reform the booming railroad industry

7.
California Republican Party
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The California Republican Party is the California affiliate of the United States Republican Party. The party chairman is Jim Brulte, and is based in Burbank, California, the CRP also has a headquarters in Sacramento. The partys stated goals are to enhance economic prosperity within the state, cut taxes, the CRP is active throughout the entire state of California, and the party prides itself on providing common sense solutions to the most troubling issues. As of 2016 Republicans represent approximately 28% of the registered voters. Crime and justice—The California Republican Party supports the governments protecting the welfare of the people and creating fair, the party advocates victims rights under the position that the victim is just as important as the offender in a crime. They believe overcrowding is an issue that should be solved by the creation of both private and public prisons. The party also supports the use of punishment for heinous crimes. The party call for a cut on unnecessary spending in order to create government infrastructure that will boost the economy, the party also supports Right-to-work laws and opposes closed shop establishments. Education— The California Republican Party believes that all children have the right to a first-class education, the party supports parents and local school boards being the primary regulators of the education system. The party also supports incentives for quality educators and that school admission, the party also believes that unions have too much influence in Californias schools and that has caused the degradation of the curriculum and the marginalization of involvement by parents. Environment—The California Republican Party believes in long-term responsible stewardship of Californias natural resources, the party supports California industry being a world leader in developing and manufacturing safe, renewable and sustainable energy. The party also believes that city governments should be held to the standards of cleaning waste water as are applied to private industry. Equal Opportunity—We oppose quotas, special rights, set asides, or guaranteed equality of results and we support laws prohibiting discrimination in employment and housing based on race, ethnicity, nationality, sex, sexual orientation, disability, or religion. Family values—We support the two-parent family as the best environment for raising children, the Supreme Courts ruling cannot and must not be used to coerce a church or religious institution into performing marriages that their faith does not recognize. We believe public policy and education should not be exploited to advocate or teach any social or political agenda, healthcare—The California Republican Party opposes government mandated health care plans and single payer plans. The party also opposes any government healthcare plan for California that would involve taxes on doctors or hospitals, coverage for illegal aliens, the party also supports private sector solutions such as small business insurance pools, employment pricing reductions, guaranteed insurability and medical savings accounts. Immigration—The California Republican Party contends that the state of California is rich in the history of immigration, English should be mandatory in the workplace and businesses should be able to require employees to speak the English and all immigrants should be required to learn the language. Illegal aliens should be deported if they engage in criminal activity, the party supports the government offering intensive English language instruction to all who need it, including stipends to help immigrants attend the programs

8.
List of United States Senators from California
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California elects United States Senators to Class 1 and Class 3. The state has been represented by 44 people in the Senate and its current Senators are Democrats Dianne Feinstein and Kamala Harris. As of January 2017, there are four former U. S, Senators from the U. S. State of California who are currently living at this time, three from Class 1 and one from Class 3. The most recent senator to die was Pierre Salinger of Class 1 on October 16,2004, the most recent Class 3 senator to die was Alan Cranston on December 31,2000. The most recently serving Class 1 senator to die was S. I, States in the Senate – Californias United States Senators. Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, the Senate, 1789-1989, Historical Statistics, 1789-1992. List of United States Representatives from California United States congressional delegations from California

9.
Elections in California
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Elections in California are held to fill various local, state and federal seats. In California, regular elections are held every year, however. Special elections may be held to fill vacancies at other points in time, recall elections can also be held. Additionally, statewide initiatives, legislative referrals and referenda may be on the ballot, every four years, the United States holds an indirect election for President and Vice President. In such elections, voters cast their votes for a slate of representatives who have pledged to cast their votes for a particular presidential and vice presidential candidate in the Electoral College. During the election, the voters of the state select the slate of electors on the ballot by voting for the ticket that they are pledged to, the slate of electors pledged to the ticket with the most votes statewide gets to vote in the Electoral College. Although, the electors are not obligated to vote for the candidates they are pledged to, the number of electors the state is allocated is equal to the number representatives in Congress that the state has. California has an election every four years and, in 2003. Primary elections were held in March or June until 2008, when they were held in February, general elections, which cover statewide issues, are held in November. On a county-by-county basis, elections also cover municipal issues, in addition, a special election can occur at any time. In this system voters may vote for any candidate in the primary, elections for President, Vice President, political party state central committees, and county central committees are party-nominated. Candidates may qualify in one of two ways, by payment of a fee, or by the collection of registered voters signatures on an in-lieu-of-filing-fee petition, candidates must also file a candidate intention statement with the Secretary of State, as well as nomination forms with their home county. However, Audie Bock, a member of the Green Party, was elected in 1999 during what is known as special election musical chairs, local elections in California at the county and city level are officially non-partisan and political party affiliations are not included on local election ballots. A ballot proposition is a law that is submitted to the electorate for approval in a direct vote. It may take the form of an amendment or an ordinary statute. A ballot proposition may be proposed by the State Legislature or by a signed by members of the public under the initiative system. November 6,2018, United States gubernatorial elections, 2018#California See lists on the side for past election results. S

10.
Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the Congress, the President, and the courts, including the Supreme Court. The powers and duties of these branches are defined by acts of Congress. The full name of the republic is United States of America, no other name appears in the Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases to which it is a party. The terms Government of the United States of America or United States Government are often used in documents to represent the federal government as distinct from the states collectively. In casual conversation or writing, the term Federal Government is often used, the terms Federal and National in government agency or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. Because the seat of government is in Washington, D. C, Washington is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The outline of the government of the United States is laid out in the Constitution, the government was formed in 1789, making the United States one of the worlds first, if not the first, modern national constitutional republics. The United States government is based on the principles of federalism and republicanism, some make the case for expansive federal powers while others argue for a more limited role for the central government in relation to individuals, the states or other recognized entities. For example, while the legislative has the power to create law, the President nominates judges to the nations highest judiciary authority, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in its turn, has the power to invalidate as unconstitutional any law passed by the Congress and these and other examples are examined in more detail in the text below. The United States Congress is the branch of the federal government. It is bicameral, comprising the House of Representatives and the Senate, the House currently consists of 435 voting members, each of whom represents a congressional district. The number of each state has in the House is based on each states population as determined in the most recent United States Census. All 435 representatives serve a two-year term, each state receives a minimum of one representative in the House. There is no limit on the number of terms a representative may serve, in addition to the 435 voting members, there are six non-voting members, consisting of five delegates and one resident commissioner. In contrast, the Senate is made up of two senators from each state, regardless of population, there are currently 100 senators, who each serve six-year terms

11.
United States presidential election
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These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President and Vice President. The candidate who receives a majority of electoral votes for President or Vice President is then elected to that office. The Electoral College and its procedure is established in the U. S, Constitution by Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 4, and the Twelfth Amendment. C. Casts the same number of votes as the least-represented state. Also under Clause 2, the manner for choosing electors is determined by state legislature. Many state legislatures used to select their electors directly, but over all of them switched to using the popular vote to help determine electors. In modern times, faithless and unpledged electors have not affected the outcome of an election. The Electoral College electors then formally cast their votes on the first Monday after December 12 at their respective state capitals. Congress then certify the results in early January, and the term begins on Inauguration Day. These primary elections are held between January and June before the general election in November, while the nominating conventions are held in the summer. Article Two of the United States Constitution originally established the method of presidential elections and this was a result of a compromise between those constitutional framers who wanted the Congress to choose the president, and those who preferred a national popular vote. Each state is allocated a number of electors that is equal to the size of its delegation in both houses of Congress combined. With the ratification of the 23rd Amendment to the Constitution in 1961, however, U. S. territories are not represented in the Electoral College. Constitutionally, the manner for choosing electors is determined within each state by its legislature, during the first presidential election in 1789, only 6 of the 13 original states chose electors by any form of popular vote. Gradually throughout the years, the states began conducting popular elections to choose their slate of electors, resulting in the overall. Under the original system established by Article Two, electors could cast two votes to two different candidates for president, the candidate with the highest number of votes became the president, and the second-place candidate became the vice president. This presented a problem during the election of 1800 when Aaron Burr received the same number of electoral votes as Thomas Jefferson. In the end, Jefferson was chosen as the president because of Alexander Hamiltons influence in the House of Representatives and this added to the deep rivalry between Burr and Hamilton which resulted in their famous 1804 duel

California
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California is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area. Located on the western coast of the U. S, California is bordered by the other U. S. states of Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California. Los Angeles is Californias most populous city, and th

1.
A forest of redwood trees in Redwood National Park

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Flag

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Mount Shasta

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Aerial view of the California Central Valley

United States Senate election in California, 2004
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Senator Barbara Boxer ran for re-election and defeated Republican former Secretary of State Bill Jones. Senator Danney Ball, activist Toni Casey, former Mayor of Los Altos Hills Barry L. S, Jones was widely considered as the underdog. Jones got a major endorsement form the popular Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, the two major candidates had a debat

1.
Nominee

United States Senate election in California, 2016
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Under Californias nonpartisan blanket primary law, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party. In the primary, voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation, washington and Louisiana have similar jungle primary style processes for Senators. Incumbent Democratic Senator Barbara Boxer decided to not run f

1.
Elections in California

Barbara Boxer
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Barbara Levy Boxer is an American politician who served as a United States Senator from California 1993 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party, she served in the U. S. House of Representatives 1983 to 1993. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Boxer graduated from Brooklyn College and she worked as a stockbroker for several years before moving to Califor

1.
Barbara Boxer

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Boxer during her time in the House of Representatives

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On Valentine's Day 2005, Senator Boxer received 4,500 roses for her work, including her "candid and eloquent remarks during the Rice conformation [sic] hearings".

4.
Senator Boxer joined with Senate Democratic women at a press conference to speak about women's health.

Carly Fiorina
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Cara Carleton Carly Fiorina is an American businesswoman. Fiorina is known primarily for her tenure as Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett-Packard, as CEO of HP from 1999 to 2005, Fiorina was the first woman to lead a Top-20 company as ranked by Fortune Magazine. In 2002, Fiorina oversaw what was then the largest technology merger in history, in whi

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Fiorina in 2015

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Fiorina in 2003

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Fiorina as CEO and Chair of the Board of Hewlett-Packard, August 2, 2004

California Democratic Party
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The California Democratic Party is the state branch of the United States Democratic Party in the state of California. Headquartered in Sacramento, it is chaired by veteran Democratic politician and former United States Representative John L. Burton and it is the majority party in both chambers of the California State Legislature, i. e. the State As

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Senior Senator Feinstein

2.
Junior Senator Boxer

California Republican Party
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The California Republican Party is the California affiliate of the United States Republican Party. The party chairman is Jim Brulte, and is based in Burbank, California, the CRP also has a headquarters in Sacramento. The partys stated goals are to enhance economic prosperity within the state, cut taxes, the CRP is active throughout the entire state

1.
California Republican Party

List of United States Senators from California
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California elects United States Senators to Class 1 and Class 3. The state has been represented by 44 people in the Senate and its current Senators are Democrats Dianne Feinstein and Kamala Harris. As of January 2017, there are four former U. S, Senators from the U. S. State of California who are currently living at this time, three from Class 1 an

1.
John C. Frémont

2.
William M. Gwin

3.
John B. Weller

4.
David C. Broderick

Elections in California
–
Elections in California are held to fill various local, state and federal seats. In California, regular elections are held every year, however. Special elections may be held to fill vacancies at other points in time, recall elections can also be held. Additionally, statewide initiatives, legislative referrals and referenda may be on the ballot, eve

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Elections in California

Federal government of the United States
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The Federal Government of the United States is the national government of the United States, a republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D. C. and several territories. The federal government is composed of three branches, legislative, executive, and judicial, whose powers are vested by the U. S. Constitution in the

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The United States Capitol is the seat of government for Congress.

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Great Seal of the United States

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Diagram of the Federal Government and American Union, 1862.

United States presidential election
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These electors then in turn cast direct votes, known as electoral votes, for President and Vice President. The candidate who receives a majority of electoral votes for President or Vice President is then elected to that office. The Electoral College and its procedure is established in the U. S, Constitution by Article II, Section 1, Clauses 2 and 4

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A 2008 Democratic caucus meeting in Iowa City, Iowa. The Iowa caucuses are traditionally the first major electoral event of presidential primaries and caucuses.

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The floor of the 2008 Republican National Convention at the Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

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A Texas voter about to mark a selection for president on a ballot, 2008 Election Day