About the role of Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma infection in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in infants

S.I. Ilchenko, A.A. Fialkovskaya, S.G. Ivanus

Abstract

The article describes literature data and own observation of ureacoplasmic infection as the cause of the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia as a pathology that occurs in newborn children after resuscitation, in particular oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation is actively studied by pathomorphologists and clinicians. The questions about the role of infections in the development of BPD in both premature and term infants remain relevant and underinvestigated today. Numerous studies have shown that colonization of the respiratory tract of newborn organisms such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Cytomegalovirus, is associated with a high risk of developing BPD compared with uninfected children. Ureaplasma urealyticum are the most common microbes found in the infected amniotic fluid, placenta and respiratory tract of newborns, and their ability to cause inflammation in these areas is undeniable. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia associated with these microorganisms is not necessarily directly connected with bacteria, and most likely develops due to their potential to stimulate proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1 and IL-8) or possible blocking of cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10). The described case illustrates the role of these microorganisms in the development of severe pneumonia outcome in BPD in a term child. A feature of the case is that with proper medical tactics in relation to infected pregnant and as soon as possible early prevention of the development of infection of the newborn, the development of severe, irreversible changes in his lungs could have been avoided.