1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
The difference between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are: Viruses are coated genetic material that invade cells and use the cell's apparatus for reproduction.

1.2 Identify common illness and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

The meaning of infection and colonisationInfection is an invasion of the body by a foreign substance such as germs, microbes and parasites these can infect the body in many different ways. Colonization is the development of a bacterial infection on an individual, as demonstrated by a positive culture. The presence of the bacteria on a body surface (like on the skin, mouth, intestines or airway). The infected person may have no signs or symptoms of infection while still having the potential to infect others. Infection begins when an organism successfully colonizes by entering the body, growing and multiplying. The meaning of systemic infection and localised infection are Systemic infection means it has infected the whole body, spreading possibly through the blood to all parts of the body causing an all over infection. Localised infection means the infection stays in one place more likely where the infection enters.

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...Causes and spread of Infection
1. Understand the causes of Infection
1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
More accurately, parasites are actual animals, along with mites, and mites are so small you have some thousands living in your eyebrows. Bacteria are one cell things with a cell wall. Virae (viruses) are code only--they are the core requirement that bacteria have, but without all the other protective layers like cell wall and energy production. Instead, they latch onto living things, and the code (DNA) then hijack the systems of that living thing to produce more copies of the virus. Bacteria merely need food (from anywhere) to reproduce.
Fungi are a separate class of living being, not animal, not plant. They include everything from the stuff on your scalp giving you dandruff to the shiitake mushrooms on your steak.
1.2 Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
pneumonia is a common bacterial or viral illness
staph infection - caused by staphylcoccus bacteria
ringworm is caused by a fungus
parasitic illness: tapeworm, trichinosis
the common cold is a viral illness, so is Flu
1.3 Describe what is meant by ‘infection’ and ‘colonisation’
1) Infection is a noun.
*The process of infecting or the state of being infected
*Invasion by and...

...Causes and Spread of Infection
1.1/1.2
| Features | Illnesses Caused |
Bacteria | Can be helpful, can be an aid in digestion, able to break down sewage, can be used in food (yoghurt), affects odour, taste and texture. Needs nutrients, pH, time, temperature, +/- Oxygen and water activity to grow. | Lyme disease, Tuberculosis |
Viruses | Exist only to replicate, need a host, infect all types of cells, found in soil, water and air. | Hepatitis A, Norovirus, Measles, Mumps |
Parasites | Need a host (nourishment, protection, complete life cycle), found in soil, water air and animals, acquired via contaminated food, water and contact with a contaminated source. | Anisakiasis, Giardiasis, Cryptosporidiosis, Trichinosis, Taeniasis |
Fungi | Reproduce via spores e.g. yeasts, moulds. | Tinea pedis, Oral thrush |
A Pathogen is an agent that produces disease. There are four categories; Bacteria, Viruses, Parasites and Fungi. Here is a table, which shows the differences between them:
1.3
An infection, in general terms, is the illness caused by the growth of a germ on or in a person. Sometimes the infection does not give any symptoms – this is called an ‘asymptomatic’ infection. When the germ is commonly found on our body without causing an illness, it is called carriage or colonisation. Carriage may be very short term (transient). For example, acquired by touching someone but quickly...

...Causes and spread of infection
Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites?
-Viruses aren't living. They're only made of complex proteins and nucleic acids. Bacteria, Fungi and Parasites are living organisms.
- Bacteria are unicellular microorganisms. Fungi and Parasites are multicellular.
- Fungi have cell walls made of chitin and they aren't animals. Parasites and bacteria are animals.
Bacteria come in 3 main shapes; spherical which are known as cocci, rod shaped which are known as bacilli or vibrio, spiral which is known as spirilla or spirochetes. Bacteria is found in everything for e.g. soil, water, animals, plants, waste. The only place they aren’t found is where humans have sterilised.
Virus is a toxin or poison. It is a microscopic organism consisting of genetic material. They cannot reproduce without a host cell. When it gets this host cell, it takes over its functions. The cells then continue to reproduce, and reproduces more viral protein. Viruses can spread from person to person, and by exchange of salvia, coughing, sneezing.
Fungi are skin infections caused by dermatophytes and yeasts, which are groups of fungi that are normally harmless. When these grow excessively, it causes symptoms and usually affects your skin because they live of keratin. Fungi infections can also be caused by antibiotics, pregnant, poorly controlled...

...IC02
Causes and spread of infection
The difference between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are:
Viruses are coated genetic material that invade cells and use the cell's apparatus for reproduction.
Bacteria are single celled organisms. Some classify them as a separate (fourth) kingdom on the tree of life.
Fungi are multi-celled organisms that form a third Kingdom of life, along with the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom.
Parasites are plants or animals that derive benefit from the metabolism of other plants or animals at the expense of the host and without providing some benefit to the host in return.
Common illness and infection caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are:
Bacteria: Food poisoning, Bubonic plague, Bacterial meningitis, Cholera, Diphtheria, Rheumatic fever, Scarlet fever, Tuberculosis
Viruses: Chicken pox, Hepatitis A, B, C and HIV, Influenza, Measles, Mumps, Shingles, Yellow fever
Fungi: Athletes foot, Thrush, Tinea (Ring worm)
Parasites: Malaria, Tape worm, Head louse, Bed bug, Body louse
The meaning of infection and colonisation
Infection is an invasion of the body by a foreign substance such as germs, microbes and parasites these can infect the body in many different ways.
Colonization is the development of a bacterial infection on an individual, as demonstrated by a positive culture. The presence of the...

...﻿Causes and spread of infection.
Bacteria. These organisms are made up of just one cell. They have the power to divide so can multiply on their own. Some bacteria are harmless and can be of use in the aid of digestion and are found in the intestines. Other bacteria can be the cause of diseases. These bacteria have to find a way in to the body to be of harm and can make their way through the skin or be digested and attack our immune system.
Viruses. These micro-organisms are very tiny. They invade living normal cells and use these cells to multiply and produce other viruses like themselves. Eventually this kills off the normal cell and can make you ill.
Parasites. These are micro-organisms that live off other organisms or a host so they are able to survive. Some parasites don’t affect the host. But others grow, reproduce, or can even give off toxins that make the host sick resulting in a parasitic infection. They include; protozoan, fungi, and multi-cellular organisms.
Fungi. These are single celled organisms a little bigger than bacteria. They do not make their own food so they get their food from absorbing the nutrients from their surroundings.
Common illnesses and infectionscauses.
Bacteria:
Acute Rheumatic Fever Anthrax, Bacterial Vaginosis, Botulism, Brucellosis,
Cholera. Diptheria. Gastroenteritis. Legionnaires Disease . Listeriosis....

....
Understanding the causes of infection
1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites.
Bacterial and fungi infections are easy to cure with the use of antibiotics, where as viruses can be hard to cure or vaccinate against, such as the common cold. Bacteria can be found everywhere and anywhere Soil, Water, Plants, Animals, material and even deep in the earth's crust. Bacteria feed themselves by making there food with the use of sunlight and water. We would not be able to live without Bacteria. The human body consists of lots of friendly bacteria which also protect us from dangerous ones by occupying places in the body. Some of the most deadly diseases and devastating epidemics in human history have been caused by Bacteria. Pneumonia, Tuberculosis and Typhoid are three Bacterial diseases which have destroyed hundreds of millions of human lives.
Fungi are similar to plants in many ways but Fungi cannot make there own food. Fungi have to release digestive enzymes that decompose things around them, turning them into food. The fungus then absorbs the dissolved foods through the walls of its cells. Fungi can cause serious diseases to humans a example is vaginal yeast infection which is caused by overgrowth of fungus Small amounts of yeast are always in the vagina. But when too much yeast grows, you can get an infection. We also use Fungi for example yeast...

...Cause and spread of infection
1.1. Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
All 4 are different types of pathogens
Bacteria is a single celled organism that multiply by themselves. They lives within and on most living and nonliving things. The majority of bacteria’s are harmless and beneficial to the human body but some can cause infectious diseases. A bacterium usually affects one part of the body and doesn’t spread across or through the body. Bacterial infections are normally treated with a cause of antibiotics.
Viruses: are made up of genes and proteins that spread throughout the body by invading the body’s own cells so they can reproduce and multiply in the body. They use the body’s cells as a host because they are unable to multiply on their own. They are normally spread directly from human to human. Viruses can be very tough and there are not many effective medicines available for viral diseases.
There are currently 21 families of viruses known to cause disease in humans.
Fungi: like to grow in warm, moist places. Some fungi can be beneficial to us such as penicillin, but certain types of fungi can be harmful to our health. Like bacteria and viruses, some fungi can act as pathogens. Human fungal diseases can occur due to infection or fungal toxins. Symptoms for fungal...

...Aims
Causes and Spread of Infection
This unit is to enable the learner to understand the causes of infection and common illnesses that may result as a consequence. To understand the difference between both infection and colonisation and pathogenic and non pathogenic organisms, the areas of infection and the types caused by different organisms. In addition, the learner will understand the methods of transmission, the conditions needed for organisms to grow, the ways infection enter the body and key factors that may lead to infection occurring. Credit Level 2 2 Assessment criteria The learner can: 1.1 Identify the differences between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites 1.2 Identify common illnesses and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites 1.3 Describe what is meant by “infection” and “colonisation” 1.4 Explain what is meant by “systemic infection” and “localised infection” 1.5 Identify poor practices that may lead to the spread of infection 2. Understand the transmission of infection 2.1 Explain the conditions needed for the growth of micro-organisms 2.2 Explain the ways an infective agent might enter the body 2.3 Identify common sources of infection 2.4 Explain how infective agents can be transmitted to a...

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