Although this polypeptide has the same function as the three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases, it is more closely related to RNA polymerases of bacteriophage and mitochondrial polymerases of lower eukaryotes. (wikipedia.org)

This can be done using data-driven methods, such as hierarchical clustering and selforganizing maps [1, which identify groups of genes with similar expression patterns. (scribd.com)

Identifying those groups of biologically related genes that are showing a large number of gene-expression changes will create an informative description of the biology that is occurring in a particular dataset, making it possible to generate new hypotheses and identify those specific areas of biology that warrant more detailed investigation. (scribd.com)

When a MAPP is linked to a gene-expression dataset, GenMAPP automatically and dynamically color codes the genes on the MAPP according to criteria supplied by the user. (scribd.com)

In this study, we have utilized qPCR arrays to simultaneously analyze the temporal expression pattern of a range of genes involved in extracellular matrix metabolism in the mouse derived-macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 following stimulation with LPS. (hindawi.com)

The overall aims of this thesis were to identify novel genes with differential expression in Alzheimer's disease and to investigate mechanisms initiating these changes and their relationship to the disease. (diva-portal.org)

Of several genes verified as differentially expressed in the patients, ITPKB (Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate 3-kinase B) and RGS4 (Regulator of G-protein signalling 4) presented the largest expression differences in Alzheimer's cases compared to control samples. (diva-portal.org)

Furthermore, we identified differentially expressed lncRNAs that are co-located and co-expressed with differentially expressed coding RNAs in ESCC and the results point to a potential interaction between lncRNAs and neighboring coding genes that affect ether lipid metabolism, and the interaction may contribute to the development of ESCC. (hindawi.com)

Using high-resolution profiling we identified an extensive meiotic ncRNA expression program interlaced with the protein-coding transcriptome via sense/antisense transcript pairs, bidirectional promoters, and ncRNAs that overlap the regulatory regions of genes. (pnas.org)

In simple eukaryotes such as yeasts, the process is partially controlled by a complex expression program coordinating the activity of several hundred protein-coding genes ( 1 - 3 ). (pnas.org)

Although most work on meiotic development has focused on protein-coding genes, some evidence for the expression of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in sporulating budding yeast and fission yeast has been reported ( 4 - 7 ). (pnas.org)

The aim of this study was to investigate whether expression of particular drug resistance genes in primary operable breast cancer correlates with response to first-line chemotherapy in advanced disease. (aacrjournals.org)

When analyzing mRNA expression in relation to overall response, it was found that the median expression level of these five drug resistance genes in the responding tumors, as compared with nonresponding tumors, was markedly lower. (aacrjournals.org)

Classification of tumors as high versus low with respect to the expression level of these genes showed that the overall response in the MDR1-high subset (17%), as compared with the MDR1-low subset (68%), was significantly lower ( P = 0.005). (aacrjournals.org)

Although similar differences in response rate were found for subsets of tumors stratified by the expression level of the other drug resistance genes, none of the observed differences were statistically significant. (aacrjournals.org)

It consists of a non-coding 222nt sRNA called RatA (RNA anti-toxin A) and a protein toxin named TxpA (Toxic protein A). RatA was discovered in intergenic regions of the B. subtilis genome, in a 728-nucleotide region between genes yqdB (later renamed TxpA) and yqbM. (wikipedia.org)

This enables researchers to report a ratio for the expression of the genes of interest divided by the expression of the selected normalizer, thereby allowing comparison of the former without actually knowing its absolute level of expression. (wikipedia.org)

The most commonly used normalizing genes are those that code for the following molecules: tubulin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, albumin, cyclophilin, and ribosomal RNAs. (wikipedia.org)

Initially, Affymetrix microarrays were used to detect transcription in this region, Northern blot experiments and mutation analysis were then employed to characterise the RNA transcript. (wikipedia.org)

On the contrary, its precursor, pre-miR-138-2, is ubiquitously expressed throughout all tissues, which suggests that the expression of miRNAs can be regulated at the post-transcription level. (wikipedia.org)

Unlike a similar technique Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE, superSAGE) in which tags come from other parts of transcripts, CAGE is primarily used to locate exact transcription start sites in the genome. (wikipedia.org)

In this study, we investigate for the first time the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of both MAOA and MAOB in 246 cortical brain samples obtained at autopsy from 62 AD patients and 61 normal controls. (diva-portal.org)

In the present study, the level of ATBF1-A mRNA expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR, in 153 female patients with invasive carcinoma of the breast. (aacrjournals.org)

To obtain long-term RNAi effects, the strategy to construct plasmid expressing short hairpin RNA has been developed (Brummelkamp et al, 2002), through which the shRNA-encoding cassette can be integrated into the host genome to produce shRNA continually. (alliedacademies.org)

Recently, it was revealed that in AFP-producing gastric cancer cells treatment with mitomycin can induce ATBF1 gene expression, which enhances the promoter activity of the p21 ( Waf1/Cip1 ) gene and the activation of p21 (Waf1/Cip1) promoter would lead to the arrest of AFP-producing gastric cancer cell growth (9) . (aacrjournals.org)

Recent data strongly suggest that m6A and 5-mC RNA methylation affects the regulation of various biological processes such as RNA stability and mRNA translation, and that abnormal RNA methylation contributes to etiology of human diseases. (wikipedia.org)

RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) of AGO2 in htra-8 cells and qRT-PCR analysis of hsa_circ_0036877 expression in maternal whole peripheral blood samples of participants were then conducted to confirm that hsa_circ_0036877 is a ceRNA and potential novel blood biomarker for early PE, respectively. (springer.com)

KIF14 expression is independently prognostic for disease-free survival in lung cancer and knockdown decreases tumorigenicity in vitro, showing that it is a clinically relevant oncogene and an exciting therapeutic target for further study. (sigmaaldrich.com)

One notable case is that of the Pumilio family (Puf) RNA-binding proteins in yeast. (gnxp.com)

Together with earlier data (12), these new results (16) strongly support the idea that the expression of proteins with common functional themes or subcellular distributions is coordinated by large-scale regulatory networks operating at the mRNP level. (gnxp.com)

We find that BRCA1 mRNA is post-transcriptionally down-regulated in a Dicer and Drosha dependent manner and that expression of a SINE inverted repeat with sequence identity to a BRCA1 intron is sufficient for downregulation of BRCA1 mRNA. (mdpi.com)

Differential expressions were validated by qRT-PCR in a separate set of samples (N = 10 in both groups). (harvard.edu)

The present study demonstrates a unique function for budding yeast Rrp6 in degrading distinct classes of meiotically induced ncRNAs during vegetative growth and the onset of meiosis and thus points to a critical role of differential ncRNA expression in the execution of a conserved developmental program. (pnas.org)

2010), the 5′ ends or RNAs were captured with the template-switching method instead of CAP Trapper, in order to analyze smaller starting amounts of total RNA. (wikipedia.org)

Although this technique is still used to assess gene expression, it requires relatively large amounts of RNA and provides only qualitative or semi quantitative information of mRNA levels. (wikipedia.org)

The idea of RNA regulons is nice, but how much can you predict knowing that your gene of interest is part of one? (gnxp.com)

In this method, purified RNA is separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, transferred to a solid matrix (such as a nylon membrane), and probed with a specific DNA or RNA probe that is complementary to the gene of interest. (wikipedia.org)

In this pilot study, MDR1 expression in primary breast tumors was inversely related with the efficacy of first-line chemotherapy, and high expression level was a significant predictor of poor prognosis for patients with advanced disease. (aacrjournals.org)

Here, we used high-resolution oligonucleotide tiling arrays to study the protein-coding and noncoding expression program underlying vegetative and reproductive phases of the haploid and diploid budding yeast life cycle, and we integrated the results with genomic, genetic, and biochemical analyses of Rrp6. (pnas.org)

These data highlight the complexity of the gene expression regulation implicated in macrophage-dependent matrix degradation and furthermore emphasize the value of qPCR array techniques for the investigation of the complex regulation of the matrix degradome. (hindawi.com)

MAPPFinder is a tool that creates a global gene-expression profile across all areas of biology by integrating the annotations of the Gene Ontology (GO) Project with the free software package GenMAPP (http://www.GenMAPP.org). (scribd.com)

GenMAPP is a useful starting point for pathway-based analysis of gene-expression data, but there are several critical requirements to be met before this tool can be used to identify correlated gene-expression changes across all biology. (scribd.com)

His research interest has been focused on the molecular biology of influenza viruses and several other negative-strand RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)

The results of this study also imply that ATBF1-A gene expression may have potential both as a marker of endocrine responsiveness and also as a prognostic indicator for breast cancer progression. (aacrjournals.org)

Five-year relapse free survival (RFS) rates were also evaluated for patients with a mid-range SimRS for high vs. low TOP2A expression (above vs. below the median, which was prognostic in E2197). (aacrjournals.org)

This analysis provides additional evidence that TOP2A expression provides prognostic information in patients with ER-positive, HER2−negative disease, a population known to have low incidence of TOP2A gene alterations. (aacrjournals.org)

The relative expression levels were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and subsequently analyzed in relation to the type of response to chemotherapy, the length of progression-free survival (PFS), and post-relapse overall survival. (aacrjournals.org)

Several splice variants of RGS4 showed similar down-regulation levels and one rare haplotype was associated with decreased RGS4 expression. (diva-portal.org)

It was also found that in highly malignant AFP-producing gastric cancer cells the expression of AFP is inhibited by ATBF1-A. This led us to hypothesize that there was a link between levels of ATBF1 expression and the metastatic potential of breast cancer and also, therefore, the prognosis of these patients. (aacrjournals.org)

CD40-independent T cell help can also be measured as an early increase in c-myc mRNA levels in CD40-deficient B cells presenting Ag to helper T cells, although the levels of c-myc RNA expression are lower than those in normal B cells. (jimmunol.org)

The other RNAs regulated in this path in neurons must have opposing effects to Arc though because knocking down this negative regulation pathway led to increased excitability (increased Arc reduces neuronal excitability). (gnxp.com)

His contributions to his field have included the generation and evaluation of influenza virus vectors as potential vaccine candidates against infectious diseases, including malaria and AIDS, as well as the development (with Dr. Peter Palese) of the first reverse-genetic approaches for the production of infectious recombinant influenza viruses from plasmid DNA - research which has resulted in techniques which are now routinely used with many negative strand RNA viruses. (wikipedia.org)

He was the first to identify the biological role of the non-structural NS1 Influenza Protein during infection, the first to describe and provide a molecular analysis of a viral-encoded IFN antagonist among negative strand RNA viruses, and the first to demonstrate that the M1 protein of the influenza virus determines its morphology. (wikipedia.org)

David L. Spector (born (1952-12-06)December 6, 1952, in New York City) is a cell and molecular biologist best recognized for his research on gene expression and nuclear dynamics. (wikipedia.org)

His laboratory has developed approaches to elucidate the spatial and temporal aspects of gene expression and in identifying and characterizing the function of nuclear retained long non-coding RNAs. (wikipedia.org)

The RNA coded by the short-interspersed nuclear element does not code for any protein product but is nonetheless reverse-transcribed and inserted back into an alternate region in the genome. (wikipedia.org)

Identifying correlated geneexpression changes in an individual pathway is often interesting, but it is necessary to know if the gene-expression changes seen on a particular pathway are unique to this pathway or are occurring in many other pathways. (scribd.com)

miR-138 helps establish discrete domains of gene expression during cardiac morphogenesis by targeting multiple members of a common pathway. (wikipedia.org)

The latest knowledge of actively transcribed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) from high-throughput sequencing is revealing an even greater complexity about cancer genome regulatory networks. (hindawi.com)

This is a list of long noncoding RNA databases, which provide information about lncRNAs. (wikipedia.org)

For those with an intermediate SimRS, five year RFS rates were significantly higher in 2 datasets individually for high vs. low TOP2A expression (HR 1.82, p=0.007 in pooled analysis). (aacrjournals.org)