..It also remains unclear whether CPP values below 65 mmHg can be safely used in this population. Clarification of the significance of a reduction in CMRO2 and neuronal electrical function will require further study...

Assessment of cerebrovascular autoregulation in head-injured patients: a validation study

..Conclusive evidence of cerebral ischemia following head injury has been elusive. We aimed to use (15)O and (18)Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) to investigate pathophysiological derangements following head injury...

..Decreases in perfusion and oxygenation were associated with deteriorating neurochemistry and these effects were more pronounced in perilesional tissue and when cerebrovascular reactivity was impaired...

..Cerebral edema is a common sequelum post traumatic brain injury (TBI). Quantification of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) may help to characterize the pathophysiology of brain swelling...

The cytokine response to human traumatic brain injury: temporal profiles and evidence for cerebral parenchymal production

..Formal prospective randomized studies of decompressive craniectomy are now indicated...

Inter subject variability and reproducibility of diffusion tensor imaging within and between different imaging sessions

Tonny V VeenithDivision of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United KingdomPLoS ONE 8:e65941. 2013

..These data can be utilised in interventional studies to quantify change within a single imaging session, or to assess the significance of change in longitudinal studies of brain injury and disease. ..

..No significant anatomical differences were found between depressed and non-depressed survivors. These results suggest that premorbid intelligence may provide a resilience factor against depression in head injury survivors...

..To document the effect of neurocritical care, delivered by specialist staff and based on protocol-driven therapy aimed at intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) targets, on outcome in acute head injury...

Mechanism-based MRI classification of traumatic brainstem injury and its relationship to outcome

..Understanding the anatomy and extent of brainstem injury, as well as its relationship to supratentorial abnormalities, will facilitate a more accurate use of early MRI as a prognostic tool and assist in the counseling of families...

..Our results provide promising data for rhIL1ra as a therapeutic candidate by showing safety, brain penetration and a modification of the neuroinflammatory response to TBI by a putative neuroprotective agent in humans for the first time. ..

Imaging of brain hypoxia in permanent and temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat using 18F-fluoromisonidazole and positron emission tomography: a pilot study

..Both CSF and plasma concentrations have been shown to be increased after TBI, but there is little evidence to confirm an intracranial site of production...

Effect of methylene blue on middle cerebral artery flow velocity in a patient with severe sepsis following clipping of a cerebral aneurysm

David A ZygunDepartment of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKNeurocrit Care 2:39-42. 2005

..The use of methylene blue, an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, has been described in patients with septic shock who are unresponsive to inotropic agents. However, the effects of methylene blue on the human cerebral circulation are not known...

Modelling the impact of an influenza pandemic on critical care services in England

..The goal of this study was to validate the use of a new multiparameter sensor that measures brain tissue oxygenation and metabolism (Neurotrend) by comparing it with positron emission tomography (PET) scanning...

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dopamine and norepinephrine in critically ill head-injured patients

A S CunninghamDivision of Anaesthesia, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UKBrain 128:1931-42. 2005

..At a voxel-based level, however (and in common with ischaemic stroke), the extent of irreversible tissue damage cannot be accurately predicted by early abnormalities of any single physiological variable...

Investigation of the effect of chlormethiazole on cerebral chemistry in neurosurgical patients: a combined study of microdialysis and a neuroprotective agent

..That is, in the authors' system, it can be safely used with the transmit-and-receive head coil, but when using the transmit body coil the transducer wire must be coiled into concentric loops outside of the receive-only head coil...

Intrinsic activated microglia map to the peri-infarct zone in the subacute phase of ischemic stroke

..Larger AJ differences may predict vasospasm, but further work is needed to confirm this observation. AJ gradient measurement may provide a useful technique for investigating the role of other peptides in acute brain injury...

Calculation of doses of drugs in solution: are medical students confused by different means of expressing drug concentrations?

..These results have important implications for understanding the relationship between speech comprehension and awareness in the healthy brain in patients receiving sedation and in patients with disorders of consciousness...

Lack of effects of guanfacine on executive and memory functions in healthy male volunteers

..Guanfacine is an alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist that has been shown to have beneficial effects on working memory and attentional functions in monkeys and in patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder...

The European Clinical Trials Directive revisited: the VISEAR recommendations