Brazil first participated at the Olympic Games in 1920,[1] after missing the previous five Summer editions. The country has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since then, except for the 1928 Games. As of 2016, Brazilian athletes have won a total of 129 medals in 15 different Summer sports. Brazil has also participated in the Winter Olympic Games since 1992, though to this date no Brazilian athlete has won an Olympic medal in winter sports. The country's best result at the Winter Olympics was a ninth-place finish achieved by snowboarder Isabel Clark Ribeiro at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. Since Brazil is mostly a tropical nation, the country's most important results so far have been achieved at the Summer editions.

Volleyball (indoor and beach volley), sailing and judo are Brazil's top medal-producing sports in the Summer editions. Brazil has hosted the Summer Olympic Games once, in 2016. This edition marked the country's most successful participation at the Summer Olympics to date, earning seven gold medals and nineteen medals overall. Brazil's previous best result had been five gold medals earned at the 2004 edition, in Athens, and seventeen medals overall, earned at the 2012 edition, in London. One athlete from Brazil has been awarded the Pierre de Coubertin medal: Vanderlei de Lima, a long-distance runner who was attacked by a spectator during the men's marathon at the 2004 edition in Athens, Greece, when he was leading the race. Lima lost two places, winning the bronze medal. In spite of the situation, he still celebrated the third-place, showing good sportsmanship.[2]

According to official data of the International Olympic Committee, this is a list of people who have won three or more Olympic medals representing Brazil, ranked by total medals earned. The list is sorted by most gold medals, most silver medals, most bronze medals and finally first Olympics appearance.