Abstract : Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread contaminants in the environment and food products. Given their toxicity, their concentrations are regulated by the European Commission in food products and especially in edible oils. Consequently, manufacturers of fat products have to verify the conformity of their products. In this context, Lesieur wants to develop a rapid and portable new analytical tool. Hence, this ambitious research project aims at developing a capillary electrophoresis microchip for PAH analysis in edible oils. This PhD study, first one involved in this project, consisted in developing new analytical protocols.In a first part, PAH separation methods were developed by cyclodextrin-modified capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Using experimental design-based strategies, two separation methods were optimized. The 8 PAHs in common between the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the European Food Safety Authority lists of priority pollutants were separated in less than 7 min, while 19 PAHs, also targeted by these institutions, were separated in less than 18 min. These CE separation methods were successfully applied to the analysis of spiked edible oil extracts.The second part aimed at transferring the electrophoretic separation method of the 8 PAHs from the capillary to the microsystem format. The lack of sensitivity of the detection system hyphenated with chips was the main difficulty encountered. Thus, injected sample amounts and detection parameters were first optimized with a model compound in a borate buffer. However, only 4 out of the 19 PAHs, previously studied in CE, could be detected. Nevertheless, under conditions predicted by the design of experiments, they were baseline resolved in less than 4 min.Finally, several molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized for the selective extraction of PAHs from oils. After a screening of synthesis conditions, the selectivity of each MIP was evaluated in pure media by comparing the extraction recoveries obtained on MIP with those obtained on a non-imprinted polymer. Finally, the 8 PAHs in common between the two lists were selectively extracted from sunflower oils, but with low recoveries. Improvements in extraction procedures are still required.