More than half of Polish teenagers and 34% of
Belgian and UK youngsters have been the target of cyberbullying –
harassment over internet sites or mobile messages. That is why the European
Commission launches at Safer Internet Day 2009, a campaign including a short
video, empowering teenagers to keep control when online. Young people bullied
online must be able to report such abuse quickly and easily at the click of a
button. The pan-European campaign encompasses all EU Member States, Iceland and
Norway. It is part of the Commission's Safer Internet programme (IP/08/1899),
which, among other things, works with the social networking companies to fight
cyberbullying.

What is cyberbullying?

Cyberbullying is repeated verbal or psychological harassment carried out by
an individual or group against others. It can take many forms: mockery, insults,
threats, rumours, gossip, "happy slapping", disagreeable comments or slander.
Interactive online services (e-mail, chat rooms, instant messaging) and mobile
phones have given bullies new opportunities and ways in which they can abuse
their victims.

What makes cyberbullying different from "traditional" bullying?

As they grow up, young people interact and communicate with each other more
and more when adults are not around. This is especially true when teenagers are
online as they may use the latest websites or other ways of communicating which
adults may not know about or where they are free from adult supervision.
Cyberbullying also differs from face-to-face bullying as:

Young people can hide behind the anonymity the internet provides.

Messages posted on the internet can be seen by a very wide audience almost
instantly – very different to writing nasty messages on the back of a
school book.

Young people do not feel as responsible for their actions when they post
messages online, as they would in real life. They are not afraid of being
punished for their actions.

Young people are often afraid or reluctant to report incidents, as they fear
that adults will take away their mobile phone, computer and/or internet
access.

How widespread is the problem?

Cyberbullying, usually carried out by peers, is one of the risks which young
people are most likely to encounter online. Research reported in a public
consultation on online social networks, conducted in July 2008, shows that
this new risk is a problem in most European countries:

34.3% of Belgian teenagers have been bullied via internet or mobile
phone, according to research
results.

52% ofPolishInternet users aged 12-17 have been
exposed to abuse on the Web or via mobile phones. 47% of the child
respondents have been called crude names while 21% have been humiliated or
mocked according to the Nobody's Children Foundation and Gemius Agency in
Poland.

In research conducted for the UK Department for Children, Schools and
Families, 34% of 12-15year olds reported having been
cyberbullied.

In Ireland, a survey carried out by the National Centre for
Technology in Education showed that threatening or aggressive text messages and
posting photos or videos that were intended to embarrass teenagers among 14 to
18 years old are the most common form of cyberbullying.

More than 80% of parents in France, Greece and Portugal are concerned
that their children could be bullied when they use the Internet or a mobile
phone. Parents in Denmark, Slovakia, Sweden and Finland seem more
confident about their children's safety as over 69% are not at all, or not very,
worried about their children being cyberbullied by their peers (see annex).[
Figures and graphics available in PDF and WORD PROCESSED ]

How many people use social networking sites in Europe?

In the past year, the use of social networks has grown 35% in Europe. 56% of
the European online population visited social networking sites last year and the
number of regular users is forecast to rise from today's 41.7 million to 107.4
million in the next four years. In 2007 9.6 million British belonged to
the country's social networking community, with 8.9 million and
France and 8.6 million in Germany.

In Europe users spend 3 hours per month on average on social
networking sites according to comscore.com. The UK registered the
highest usage in 2007 with an average of 5.8 user hours spent on such sites.
This was a significantly heavier usage level than in France, which
averaged 2 hours per month, or Germany, with 3.1 hours and Spain
and Italy with 1.8 hours.

In parallel with well known companies based in the US like Facebook, Youtube
and Myspace, European companies are doing very well in this sector.
Finland-based Habbo Hotel claims 80 million registrations. Belgian-based Netlog
has 17 million while the French based Skyrock 18 million, StudiVZ.de in Germany
14 million and Dailymotion 11 million.

Other European sites include Hyves in the Netherlands, Arto.dk in Denmark,
Nasza-klaza in Poland, One.it and Giovani.it in Italy, and Zap.lu in Luxembourg.

Are parents monitoring or restricting what their children do on social
networking sites?

62.8% of European parents said that they would not allow their children to
create a profile in an online community according to the 2008
Eurobarometer survey. Parents in Spain, France, Ireland, Italy and
Luxembourg proved to be the strictest with more then 70% of parents
forbidding their children from registering on social networking sites. 71% of
Latvian parents were more relaxed and would allow their children to
create online profiles, followed by 53.3% in Estonia, 51.3% in the
Czech Republic and 50.2% of Swedish parents (see annex).

At least half of parents said they talk to their children about their online
activities. They also take precautionary measures such as not allowing their
children to disclose personal information (92%) or to talk to strangers (83%)
online.

Why is the European Commission dealing with cyberbullying?

The Commission thinks that European action is necessary because social
networks connect people across borders, making it harder for local or even
national measures to tackle this problem alone.

More specifically, cyberbullying is a new problem emerging rapidly in most EU
countries. To tackle it in an efficient way, it is important to be aware of and
share good strategies which are being developed in different European countries
and also come up with common strategies, like the video clip produced for this
year's Safer Internet campaign.

What activities will take place under the Safer Internet campaign?

A 30 second video clip on cyber-bullying has been produced for the European
Commission. It is available in all EU languages plus in Norwegian and Icelandic.
The video will be broadcast onpublic and private TV
channels all over Europe throughout 2009 and will kick off on Safer Internet Day
(10 February).

The clip will also be shown during the Berlin International Film Festival
Berlinale on big screens at the Potsdamer Platz and Sony Center from 10 to 15
February.

A longer version of the video will also be posted on the internet on sites
popular with teenagers such as: Arto, Skyrock, Piczo, Habbo Hotel, Myspace
UK, YouTube, Dailymotion, BeboIE. A "making
of" is also available online.

What is the main message of the Commission's Safer Internet video clip?

It shows how young people can be empowered to deal with online dangers.

The video clip shows a young girl who is victim of cyberbullying, but
fights back and reports the problem to her social networking site. Her
appearance goes through different stages of transformation, reflecting
the way that bullies are distorting her photo on a website. Finally, the
girl takes control by pressing the “Report abuse”
button available on the social networking site and everything comes back to
normal.

“Block bullying online! Keep it fun, keep control” is the final
message of the video. It shows young people that there are solutions to the
problems they may face on the Internet. The video closes with the website and
phone number where teenagers can find help and advice in their country.

The Commission's Safer Internet Programme helps empower youngsters online by
providing them with the information, skills and tools to deal with risks online.
At a national level this is done with the help of the INSAFE
network of awareness raising centres, and help lines

In addition, the Commission has encouraged social networking companies to
self-regulate in order to keep young people safe online. An agreement on child
safety has already been signed by mobile operators in the EU in 2007 (IP/07/139).
Today at Safer Internet Day 2009, 17 major social networks active in Europe have
signed the first European agreement of its kind to prove their commitment to the
same goal. The Commission will closely monitor the implementation of this
agreement and will assess actions that have been taken after a year.

What are the main steps taken by the industry when signing this agreement?

The industry participants recognise their responsibility towards child safety
and commit to work towards 7 principles:

Raise awareness of safety messages in a prominent, clear and age appropriate
manner.

Ensure that services are age appropriate for the audience. If a social
networking site targets teenagers over 13, it should be difficult for people
below that age to register.

Empower users through options which make their online presence safer This
can be done for example by making sure that the full online profiles and contact
lists of website users who are registered as under 18 are set to "private" by
default and not searchable. This will make it harder for people with bad
intentions to get in touch with the young person.

Provide an easy to use and accessible "report" button, allowing users to
report inappropriate contact or conduct by another user by just one click.

Respond to notifications of illegal content or conduct.

Enable users to employ a safe approach to privacy (in particular through
privacy setting options visible at all times, so that users can easily work out
if just their friends, or the entire world, can see what they post online).

Review illegal or prohibited content/conduct through moderation tools,
filtering software or community alerts.

The companies commit to
inform the Commission about their individual safety policies and how they will
put the principles in place by April 2009. The sites will also put information
about their safety policies online.

What is the Commission's role in bringing the companies together to sign
the agreement?

The Commission has helped to bring internet companies of very different sizes
and background, NGOs (Adiconsum, Childnet International, CHIS, e-Enfance, Save
the Children Denmark) and researchers (from EUKIdsonline network) together
around one table for the first time because it believes that self- or
co-regulation is the most efficient way to keep children safe online.

The Commission has provided a platform for dialogue, such as the Safer
Internet Forum, which took place in Luxembourg in September 2008 and gathered
world experts on this topic (MEMO/08/587).

The Commission has also provided political support and practical help. The
full involvement of the social networking companies has been essential to the
development of an agreement which the companies will find useful and will
implement.

The Commission will continue to provide support and visibility for this
initiative and will monitor its results.