2 One reason men may experience a lower rate of severe depression than women is because _____.

A.

they are encouraged to act out aggressively rather than passively withdraw

B.

the genes responsible for depression have been found on the X chromosome, and men have only one of these

C.

they tend to cope better with negative feelings

D.

all of these options

32.

1 The two main types of mood disorders are _____.

A.

major depression; bipolar disorder

B.

mania; depression

C.

SAD; MAD

D.

learned helplessness; suicide

33.

1 A condition in which two or more distinct personalities coexist in the same person is called _____.

A.

dissociative identity disorder (DID)

B.

multiple personality disorder (MPD)

C.

plural personality disorder (PPD)

D.

dissociative personality disorder (DPD)

34.

2 This is NOT a possible explanation for depression.

A.

imbalances of serotonin or norepinephrine

B.

genetic predisposition

C.

lithium deficiency

D.

learned helplessness

35.

2 Udo is suddenly and frequently overcome by intense fear, heart palpitations, dizziness, and difficult breathing. Lola has not been able to control her worries for the last six months, and complains of insomnia and headaches. It is likely that Udo suffers from _____, and Lola has _____.

It reflects a Western European and American perspective of mental disorders.

D.

It relies on psychologically-based explanations for mental disorders, rather than the medical model of mental illness.

38.

4 PET scans show that some people with chronic schizophrenia have less activity in _____ compared to people without schizophrenia.

A.

the frontal lobes

B.

the temporal lobes

C.

the frontal and temporal lobes

D.

all the cerebral lobes

39.

2 Worthington has been praying and fasting for days. His healer has been making extraordinary noises, beating him, and giving him foul-tasting brews to drink. It is MOST likely that Worthington and his healer are _____.

A.

both psychotic

B.

engaged in a sadomasochistic ritual

C.

exorcising the demons that are responsible for Worthington's troubles

D.

exercising their right to do whatever they want in private

40.

4 Antidepressants and lithium are prescribed for mood disorders because they appear to affect the amount or functioning of _____ in the brain.

A.

norepinephrine and serotonin

B.

myelin

C.

endorphins

D.

hormones

41.

2 Which of the following is TRUE regarding suicide?

A.

People who talk about it won't do it.

B.

Only depressed or psychotic people commit suicide.

C.

A family history of suicide increases a person's risk for suicide.

D.

Women commit suicide more often than men.

42.

2 Which of the following is FALSE regarding bipolar disorder?

A.

It is associated with a 10-20% suicide rate.

B.

It is one of the more common mood disorders.

C.

It can consist of manic episodes only.

D.

Depressive episodes usually last three times as long as manic episodes.

43.

4 Antisocial personality disorder is highly correlated with emotional deprivation, harsh and inconsistent discipline, and modeling of antisocial behavior by parents. This suggests that _____.

A.

learning is a cause of this disorder

B.

parenting is a cause of this disorder

C.

learning and parenting are causes of this disorder

D.

more research is needed to determine the causes of this disorder

44.

1 A stress-related disorder characterized by amnesia, fugue, or multiple personality is called a(n) _____.

A.

dissociative disorder

B.

displacement disorder

C.

disoriented disorder

D.

identity disorder

45.

1 This is an example of a hallucination.

A.

hearing voices that aren't really there

B.

seeing a bridge and thinking it is the gateway to heaven

C.

smelling a flower and believing its odor belongs to a skunk

D.

walking into a tree because you didn't see it

46.

4 Which of the following biological factors is likely to be a causal factor in antisocial personality disorder?

4 The data on antisocial personality disorder suggests all EXCEPT which of the following?

A.

It is present in 2 to 3 percent of the population.

B.

The ratio of men to women with this disorder is 4:1.

C.

Most people with this disorder become criminals and end up in jail.

D.

none of these options are exceptions

58.

4 The dopamine hypothesis is supported by which of the following findings?

A.

amphetamines increase dopamine and produce the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

B.

amphetamine-induced psychosis is more likely in persons with a genetic predisposition for schizophrenia

C.

drugs that block the effects of dopamine in the brain reduce or eliminate positive symptoms of schizophrenia

D.

all of these options

59.

4 These neurotransmitters may be involved in depression and mania.

A.

dopamine and adrenaline

B.

norepinephrine and serotonin

C.

acetylcholine and dopamine

D.

all of these options

60.

4 A person has a substance-related disorder when that person's use of a psychoactive substance _____.

A.

becomes a problem due to its effects on mental functioning

B.

violates societal norms for its use

C.

violates legal regulations for its use

D.

any or all of these options

61.

4 A Japanese phobia characterized by an intense dread of embarrassing others does not exist in Western cultures. This demonstrates _____.

A.

ethnocentrism

B.

a cultural difference in emphasis on others vs. individuals

C.

the presence of more social phobias in Japan

D.

all of these options

62.

4 The presence of inflexible, maladaptive personality traits is characteristic of _____.

A.

nearly all mental disorders

B.

the psychotic and dissociative disorders

C.

personality disorders

D.

none of these options

63.

1 A thought disturbance characterized by mistaken beliefs that are maintained in spite of strong evidence to the contrary is called a(n) _____.

A.

cognitive disruption

B.

false premise

C.

delusion

D.

illusion

64.

4 Substance abuse is related to ______.

A.

social or occupational problems

B.

tolerance

C.

withdrawal symptoms

D.

all of these options

65.

2 The most common psychiatric problem in males is _____.

A.

antisocial personality disorder

B.

cocaine abuse

C.

bipolar disorder

D.

alcoholism

66.

2 Jamanani was raised to believe that people who behaved abnormally were possessed by evil spirits; Zelos agrees with Hippocrates that abnormal behavior arises from a physical condition. Jamanani adheres to the _____ model of abnormality; Zelos adheres to the _____ model.

2 People who experience feelings of terror and helpless during a life-threatening event, and recurrent flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, and impaired concentration afterwards are _____.

A.

suffering from a psychosomatic illness

B.

experiencing post-traumatic stress disorder

C.

having a nervous breakdown

D.

weaker than people who take such events in stride

69.

4 When one identical twin has a mood disorder, the other twin has a _____ chance of developing the disorder.

A.

25%

B.

50%

C.

75%

D.

99% or more.

70.

1 _____ is the presence of two or more disorders in the same person at the same time.

A.

Dual diagnosis

B.

Co-morbidity

C.

Double jeopardy

D.

Double indemnity

71.

2 A major difference between major depressive and bipolar disorder is that only in bipolar disorders do people have _____.

A.

hallucinations or delusions

B.

depression

C.

a biochemical imbalance

D.

manic episodes

72.

4 This anxiety state cannot be prevented by avoidance.

A.

phobia

B.

generalized anxiety disorder

C.

panic disorder

D.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

73.

4 The _____ suggests that schizophrenia is caused by an overactivity of dopamine neurons in a specific region of the brain.

A.

neurotransmitter theory

B.

dopamine hypothesis

C.

schizophrenogenic perspective

D.

hyperneuronal activity model

74.

2 Frances just lost her job because she tested positive for marijuana use. This is an example of the _____ approach to defining abnormal behavior.

A.

infrequent occurrence

B.

personal dysfunction or distress

C.

legal

D.

violation of social norms

75.

4 According to learning theory, the development of an anxiety disorder may be related to _____, while the maintenance of that disorder may be related to _____.

A.

operant conditioning; imitation and modeling

B.

vicarious learning; operant conditioning

C.

classical conditioning; operant conditioning

D.

classical conditioning; imitation and modeling

76.

4 The primary cause of dissociative identity disorder is believed to be _____.

A.

damage to the hippocampus during childhood

B.

severe trauma during childhood

C.

the desire for escape from a mundane life in adulthood

D.

all of these options

77.

4 Which of the following is a psychosocial theory of depression?

A.

Depression is the result of turning anger inward.

B.

When positive growth is blocked, depression is the result.

C.

Depression results from learning that pain cannot be avoided.

D.

all of these options

78.

2 Psychotic symptoms similar to those found in schizophrenia can also occur with the use of _____.

A.

alcohol

B.

microwave ovens

C.

amphetamines

D.

satellite TV

79.

2 Classification of schizophrenia into paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, and undifferentiated have recently been criticized because _____.

A.

they affect the self-esteem of patients with this disorder

B.

they do not explain the causes and have little predictive value regarding recovery

C.

the undifferentiated category is the same as the disorganized category

D.

they are misunderstood by the public and professionals alike

80.

1 The _____ assumes that abnormal behavior is due to mental or physical illness.

A.

medical model

B.

psychiatric perspective

C.

psychobiological approach

D.

mind-body hypothesis

81.

4 Which of the following data is correctly associated with schizophrenia?

A.

1 in 100 people develops schizophrenia

B.

schizophrenia usually develops in adolescence or young adulthood

C.

almost 50% of all hospitalized patients suffer from schizophrenia

D.

all of these options

82.

4 For people with seasonal affective disorder, depression occurs during the _____.

A.

winter

B.

spring

C.

summer

D.

fall

83.

2 Leroy refuses to dance because of an intense, irrational fear of being negatively evaluated by others; Myron avoids hospitals, doctor's offices, and people with injuries because he always faints at the sight of blood. Leroy has a(n) _____ phobia; Myron has a _____ phobia.

A.

emotional; physical

B.

social; specific

C.

evaluation; medical

D.

situational; generalized

84.

1 _____ is a culture-bound disorder that is characterized by an obsession with cannibalism.

A.

anorexia cannibalis

B.

flesh-eating fetish

C.

windigo psychosis

D.

none of these options; there is no such disorder

85.

2 According to your text's definition of abnormal behavior, which of the following statistically infrequent behaviors would qualify as abnormal?

A.

the belief that the CIA is following you

B.

having your entire body tattooed

C.

living a completely celibate life

D.

all of these options

86.

1 Repetitive, ritualistic behaviors such as handwashing, counting, or putting things in order that are associated with an anxiety state are called _____.

A.

obsessions

B.

compulsions

C.

ruminations

D.

phobias

87.

2 According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia, someone with an inherited predisposition for schizophrenia experiences a schizophrenic episode when they encounter _____.

A.

more stress than they can handle

B.

low levels of stress

C.

moderate levels of stress

D.

the same level of stress as anyone else

88.

1 Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

A.

Zoophobia: fear of animals

B.

Thanatophobia: fear of death

C.

Hydrophobia: fear of water

D.

Claustrophobia: fear of high places

89.

1 A _____ is a disturbed combination of two or more words; _____ is a combination of words and phrases into incomprehensible sentences.

A.

syntax error; pragmatic error

B.

neologism; world salad

C.

flight of ideas; word soup

D.

pragmatism; flight of ideas

90.

1 Anxiety disorders are _____.

A.

characterized by unrealistic, irrational fear

B.

the least frequent of the mental disorders

C.

twice as common in men as in women

D.

all of these options

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