Louis Pasteur

fixity of species

natural selection

populations tend to consist of more offspring then the environment can support, leading to a struggle for survival among them , heritable traits allow them to survive and reproduce passing traits to future generations

transgenic animals

microarrays/DNA chips

genomics

protenomics

identifies set of proteins present in a cell under a given set of conditions and additionally studies the post-translational modification of these proteins, location within the cell, and protein interactions occurring in the cell