14. Effective listeningAL AKHAWAYN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES COMMUNICATIONS STUDIES

Lecture by Dr. Mohammed Ibahrine

based on

Clella Jaffes Public Speaking

2Effective listening

A good listener is a good speaker

Learn how to listen and you will prosper, even from those who talk badly

Be a selfish listener

31. Listening Skills are valuable

1. Problem Listening

2. Strategies to improve (solve) (problem) listening

41. Listening Skills are valuable

Listening is the communication skill we use most and study least

Listening is hard work

Good speakers should develop good listening skills to make critical listening one of their most valuable assets

51. Listening Skills are valuable

Why should we develop good listening habits and skills?

1. We listen most because we listen so much, we will be more productive, if we do it well

2. Good listening skills are good job skills

3. Listening empowers people and aids social capital (relationship)

62. Barriers to Listening

The process of listening involves a number of difficulties

Cultural

Linguistic

personal

72.1 Cultural Barriers

A person, who is not aware of the cultural context, can not fully grasp the speakers cultural allusions, including historical, literary and religious sources (Joke)

The professional speaker should be sensitive to these differences and explain allusions or choose areas of common knowledge

82.2 Linguistic Barriers

The potential for linguistic misunderstandings is great because of

1. Language differences

2. Vocabulary Differences

92.2.1 Language differences

A shared language is vital for understanding

Interpretation (translations) is needed, if the listener does not understand (decode) the speakers language

Accents and dialects can hinder the listener's ability to distinguish the words he/she hears

102.2.2 Vocabulary Differences

If the speaker uses field-specific terminology (jargon?), the listener will not be able to understand the meaning of the words

112.3 Personal Barriers

A number of personal factors can hinder your listening

Physical factors

Physiological factors

122.3 Personal Barriers

Physical factors

Hearing loss

Sleep deprivation

Hunger pangs

Can affect the ability of the listener to focus on the speech

132.3 Personal Barriers

Psychological factors

Just had an argument with a friend

Have a test coming up in your next class

Your bank account is overdrawn

Can obstruct your listening

142.3 Personal Barriers

Stereotypes and prejudiced

When you have a stereotypes, you listen to the speaker with pre-formed judgments, which may be either positive or negative

153. Strategies to improve Listening

How can we develop critical listening skills

3.1 Use cultural and mental schemas to organize and understand message, because they follow a somewhat predictable patterns

3.2 Identify listening goals

For each type of listening, you shift your strategies to face your listening goals more effectively

163.1 Improve your Comprehension

Comprehensive listening or listening to learn is a vital skill in many areas of life

Several techniques can help improve listening

Prepare in advance

Use attention directing strategies

Enhance the meaning

Look for organizational patterns

Use strategies that complete your personal learning style

Do not ignore the speakers manner

173.2 Improve your Critical Listening Skills

Critical listening implies that listeners should not believe everything they hear (examples)

Critical listening skills builds on comprehensive listening

184 Practice Dialogical Listening

4.1. Give Appropriate Nonverbal Feedback

While listening to a public speech, you provide feedback, often nonverbal but sometimes verbal

Posture

Distance

Movements

19 4 Practice Dialogical Listening

4.2 Give Appropriate Verbal Feedback

Verbal feedback is direct since you interact with the speaker

The listener should write his/her comments or questions in order to ask the speaker during the question-and-answer period

205. Different types of questions

4.2.1 Loaded Questions

4.2.2 Closed Questions

4.2.3 Open questions

4.2.4 Clarification Questions

4.2.5 Requests for Elaboration

4.2.6 Comments

21Improve your listening skills

Identify your listening problems and work to correct them.

Motivate yourself to get everything you can out of messages.

Put problems and biases aside so that you can listen more effectively.

Control your reactions to trigger words and other distractions.

Postpone judgments until you have heard all a speaker has to say.

Dont try to write down everything a speaker says.

Listen for the main ideas.

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