1.
Virginia Tech Hokies football
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The Virginia Tech Hokies football team, represents Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in the sport of American football. The Hokies compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and they previously competed in the Big East. Their home games are played at Lane Stadium, located in Blacksburg, Lane Stadium is considered to be one of the loudest stadiums in the country, being voted number one in ESPNs Top 20 Scariest Places to Play. Also, it was recognized in 2005 by Rivals. com as having the best home-field advantage in the country and it is currently the 31st largest stadium in college football. In 124 seasons, the Hokies have won over 700 games and appeared in 30 bowl games, with 24 consecutive bowl appearances, beginning in 1993, the Hokies currently have the longest bowl game streak in the country recognized by the NCAA. The program has claimed ten conference titles and produced eight All-Americans. Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College first played football on October 21,1892 against St. Albans Lutheran Boys School, the game took place on a plowed off wheat field that was about as level as a side of Brush Mountain. The Hokies won their first game 14–10, but were defeated 10–0 eight days later on a trip to Radford. The 1899,1901, and 1903 teams lost only to rival Virginia, star player Hunter Carpenter returned to Virginia Tech in 1905, after a year at the University of North Carolina, for a last shot at beating Virginia. Carpenter helped lead VPI to a 9–1 record, the best in history up to that time. He was never named to the All-America team only because Walter Camp, the 1909 team claim a southern championship. This is the first season the team was referred to in print as the Gobblers, at the end of the 1911 season, VPI joined the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association. They won the conference in 1916 and 1918, after 1921, the SAIAA was dissolved and six of its schools became founding members of the Southern Conference. From 1925 to 1928, Tech was led by Frank Peake and he was joined by Scotty MacArthur, Herbert Mac McEver and Tommy Tomko. In 1927, during a 6 to 0 upset of the Colgate Red Raiders in New York, Peake ran for nearly 200 yards, during one three-game stretch, he accumulated rushing and return yardage of 306,314 and 353 yards. He was credited with gaining 1,761 yards in eight games,930 were from scrimmage, and 831 on punts and kickoffs. In 1928 the game against Virginia he came off the sideline with a hip to return a punt for a touchdown. In 1932, Tech upset Georgia 7–6, Bill Grinus blocked the tying extra point

2.
A. B. Morrison Jr.
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Archibald Bostwick Morrison Jr. was an American football and basketball player and coach of football and baseball. He served as the football coach at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute —now known as Virginia Tech—for one season in 1901. Before coaching, Morrison played halfback as an undergraduate at Cornell University for three seasons and also captained the team in his senior year. The season included victories over Clemson and Georgetown, the teams only defeat came from Virginia on October 26,1901 by a score of 0-16. This was the game of the season that the Hokies did not score. After coaching at Virginia Tech for one year, he returned to Cornell as an assistant coach in 1902, a. B. Morrison Jr. at the College Football Data Warehouse

3.
Kit DeCamps
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Christie Jean Baptiste Kit DeCamps was a college football player who played for the Virginia Tech Hokies football team of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. DeCamps was born in 1878 in Greenville, South Carolina, the son of Modeste, DeCamps was a prominent quarterback for the Virginia Tech Hokies football team of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute. He also spent three years at Furman University and a year at Richmond College and he was selected a substitute on the All-Southern team. He was once a quartermaster sergeant of Company B, second South Carolina regiment, DeCamps served in the Spanish–American War. On 27 Nov 1907 DeCamps married Lois Catherine Sykes, daughter of T, C and Alice Sykes, in Portsmouth, Virginia. Captain William Luke deCamps, served in the 111th Field Artillery battalion of the 29th Infantry Division during Operation Overlord, Lois Sykes Decamps, married the diplomat George H. Steuart on May 28,1938 in Wallacetown Virginia

4.
Virginia Tech
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Through its Corps of Cadets ROTC program, Virginia Tech is also designated as one of six senior military colleges in the country. Under the 1891–1907 presidency of John M. McBryde, the school organized its academic programs into a traditional four-year college, the evolution of the schools programs led to a name change in 1896 to Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute. The Agricultural and Mechanical College portion of the name was popularly omitted almost immediately, in 1944, in 1923, VPI changed a policy of compulsory participation in the Corps of Cadets from four years to two years. In 1931, VPI began teaching classes at the Norfolk Division of the College of William and this program eventually developed into a two-year engineering program that allowed students to transfer to VPI for their final two years of degree work. In 1943, VPI merged with nearby Radford State Teachers College, which became VPIs womens division, today, Radford University enrolls more than 9,900 students and offers more than 150 undergraduate and graduate programs. During Hahns tenure, not only did the university graduate its first Rhodes Scholar, lewis, Class of 1963, the requirement for male students to participate in the Corps of Cadets for two years was dropped. Beginning in the fall 1973, women could participate in the corps, in 1970, the state legislature allowed VPI university status and gave it the present legal name, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. However, diplomas and transcripts still spell out the formal name, similarly, the abbreviation VT is far more common today than either VPI or VPI&SU. The early decades of this century have seen expansion across the universitys institutions in both physical and population sizes, former President Charles Steger brought Virginia Tech an allopathic medical school in 2007. The Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine and Research Institute was created with a partnership with the Carilion Clinic. These years also brought about the development of the universitys professional schools of graduate education. Virginia Tech brought in over a half-billion in research expenditures in 2014, on April 16,2007, Virginia Tech student Seung-Hui Cho fatally shot 32 faculty members and students, wounding 17 others before killing himself on campus. The massacre is the deadliest mass shooting on a college campus, although it was at the time the deadliest mass shooting committed by a lone gunman in U. S. history, it has since been surpassed by the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting. These colleges/schools include, Virginia Tech received a number of nearly 22,500 applications for the fall 2015 freshman class. The typical student offered admission had a grade point average of 4.00. The average cumulative SAT score was 1250, with a middle range ranging from 1160 to 1340, of the 5,518 students who accepted the offers of admission,18 percent accepted under the Early Decision Plan. The Office of Undergraduate Admissions is located within the Visitor and Undergraduate Admissions Center, once admitted, Honors students are required to maintain a 3.5 GPA in order to remain in the program. For the 2013–14 academic year, the Graduate School at Virginia Tech enrolled 6,723 graduate students in its masters, the Pamplin College of Business, received 381 applications for its incoming Evening MBA program, and offered admission to 142

5.
Salem, Virginia
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Salem is an independent city in the U. S. commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 24,802 and it is the county seat of Roanoke County, although the two are separate jurisdictions. The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Salem with Roanoke County for statistical purposes, Salem is bordered by the city of Roanoke and is included in the same Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city is located approximately 120 miles from Charlottesville,104 miles from Greensboro, North Carolina, Roanoke College is located in the city. The NCAA Division III National Football Championship, also known as the Amos Alonzo Stagg Bowl, Salem is also the home to a minor league baseball team, the Salem Red Sox, formerly the Salem Avalanche. The earliest history of Salem exists as archaeological evidence of Native American tribes from as far back as 8000 B. C. until the middle of the 18th century, europeans first explored the area of Salem in 1671, when the Siouan-speaking Totero people had a village nearby. Explorers Thomas Batts and Robert Fallam gave the area its first recorded name, Totero Town, after this tribe, fort Lewis, named for General Andrew Lewis, of what is now Roanoke County, was built west of the town in 1752. Salems Andrew Lewis Middle School was named after General Lewis, Salem became a small settlement serving travelers on the Great Road and was officially founded in 1802, receiving its charter in 1806. It is not known why the town was named Salem, the most widely accepted explanation is that it was named to honor William Bryan, a prominent citizen, one of the citys four elementary schools is named after African American scientist G. W. Carver. Before integration, this was the school for African Americans in Salem. Salem annexed South Salem in 1953 and also an eastern tract in 1960, Salem officially became a city on December 31,1967, to avoid the possibility of annexation into the city of Roanoke. Salem has been the home of two colleges, in 1847, the Virginia Institute, a boys preparatory school, moved to Salem from Staunton. It received a charter in 1853 and was renamed Roanoke College for the Roanoke Valley. The college is located in central Salem, one north of Main Street. Roanoke Womens College, later named Elizabeth College, operated between 1912 and 1922, the college burned in late 1921 and did not reopen. Like Roanoke College, it was affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, the Elizabeth College campus is now the site of residence halls and athletic fields that belong to Roanoke College. Salem has a large interest in athletics and it is home to the Salem Red Sox, a High Class-A affiliate to the Boston Red Sox. The Amos Alonzo Stagg Bowl, the NCAA Division III Football Championship game is held at Salem Football Stadium, in August 2007, the Salem Football Stadium also hosted the Southwestern Virginia Educational Classic

6.
Washington and Lee Generals football
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The Washington and Lee Generals football team represents Washington and Lee University in Lexington, Virginia. The Generals compete at NCAA Division III level as members of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference, Washington and Lee football dates back to 1873 with a one-game season, featuring a 4–2 win over the VMI Keydets. No player or coaching records are known from that game, UVA historians also remark on a game played between Virginia and Washington and Lee in 1871 with no records. The Generals would not have another team until 1890. The first golden era of W&L football began in 1905, between 1905 and 1917 the Generals reeled off 13 straight winning seasons. From 1912 to 1915, W&L went 32–3–1 and won the South Atlantic Intercollegiate Athletic Association championship in 1914, the 1914 team, coached by Jogger Elcock, was the first team in school history to go undefeated. Members of that team include All-Southern lineman Ted Shultz and College Football Hall of Fame running back Harry Young and it secured a share of the title when it finished the season with a victory over North Carolina A & M. The school temporarily gave up football in 1954

7.
Blacksburg, Virginia
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Blacksburg is an incorporated town in Montgomery County, Virginia, United States, with a population of 42,620 at the 2010 census. Blacksburg is dominated economically and demographically by the presence of Virginia Tech, the MSA has an estimated population of 159,587 and is currently one of the faster-growing MSAs in Virginia. The town and Virginia Tech campus have a tradition of safety and living satisfaction. In 2011, BusinessWeek named Blacksburg the Best Place in the U. S. to Raise Kids, also in 2011, readers of Southern Living named Blacksburg the Best College Town in the South. Its public transportation system, Blacksburg Transit, which connects to the neighboring town of Christiansburg, has repeatedly received recognition for the quality of its service. Abraham Wood, who commanded Fort Henry on the frontier, and operated an Indian trading post nearby, a passage over the ridge was finally found in 1671 when explorers Batts and Fallam, sent by Wood, reached the present-day location of Blacksburg, Virginia. Their expedition followed Stroubles Creek, through the current locations of the town and they reported the area inhabited by the Monacan and Moneton, Siouan groups, but the Virginia legislature had authorized Wood to claim it. Accordingly, on September 17,1671, the Batts and Fallam party claimed all of the comprising the rivers drainage basin for King Charles II. However, the region was not yet open to English patent, as early as 1718, the Iroquois had agreed to sell the parts they had conquered east of the Blue Ridge to the Virginia Colony. However, following another cession at the 1744 Treaty of Lancaster, the site of Blacksburg lay just within this disputed zone. By the 1740s, the Woods River Land Company, represented by Col. James Patton, the Draper and Ingles families were among those who built their homes between present location of the campus and the subdivision of Hethwood. This came to known as Drapers Meadow by 1748. About four settlers were killed in the attacks, and five were taken captive to Kentucky by the Shawnee, among them Mary Draper Ingles, the memorial to Drapers Meadow massacre was dedicated on a bridge located near Duck Pond. By the end of the war, Drapers Meadow was deserted and it remained so until 1768, when native claims to the land including Blacksburg were cleared by the Treaty of Hard Labour with the Cherokee, and the Treaty of Fort Stanwix with the Six Nations. The Shawnee finally abandoned their claim to territory in 1774 following Dunmores War. Samuel Black, whose family settled in Staunton, Virginia, bought 600 acres of land in the Draper’s Meadow area for his sons John and William in 1772. Smithfield Plantation, built in approximately 1774 by Col. William Preston, sits on the original Drapers Meadow site, when Samuel Black died in 1792, the land was evenly divided into two sections by his sons. The road now known as Draper Road is the line between the sections

8.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing

9.
Columbia, South Carolina
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Columbia is the capital and largest city of the U. S. state of South Carolina, with a population of 133,803 as of 2015. The city serves as the county seat of Richland County, the name Columbia is a poetic term used for the United States, originating from the name of Christopher Columbus. The city is located approximately 13 miles northwest of the center of South Carolina. It lies at the confluence of the Saluda River and the Broad River, in 1860, the city was the location of the South Carolina Secession Convention, which marked the departure of the first state from the Union in the events leading up to the Civil War. At the time of European encounter, the inhabitants of the area that became Columbia were a people called the Congaree, in May 1540, a Spanish expedition led by Hernando de Soto traversed what is now Columbia while moving northward. The expedition produced the earliest written records of the area. From the creation of Columbia by the South Carolina General Assembly in 1786, the Congarees, a frontier fort on the west bank of the Congaree River, was the head of navigation in the Santee River system. A ferry was established by the government in 1754 to connect the fort with the growing settlements on the higher ground on the east bank. Like many other significant early settlements in colonial America, Columbia is on the line from the Piedmont region. The fall line is the spot where a river becomes unnavigable when sailing upstream, State Senator John Lewis Gervais of the town of Ninety Six introduced a bill that was approved by the legislature on March 22,1786, to create a new state capital. There was considerable argument over the name for the new city, according to published accounts, Senator Gervais said he hoped that in this town we should find refuge under the wings of COLUMBIA, for that was the name which he wished it to be called. One legislator insisted on the name Washington, but Columbia won by a vote of 11–7 in the state senate, the site was chosen as the new state capital in 1786, due to its central location in the state. The State Legislature first met there in 1790, after remaining under the direct government of the legislature for the first two decades of its existence, Columbia was incorporated as a village in 1805 and then as a city in 1854. Columbia received a stimulus to development when it was connected in a direct water route to Charleston by the Santee Canal. This canal connected the Santee and Cooper rivers in a 22-mile-long section and it was first chartered in 1786 and completed in 1800, making it one of the earliest canals in the United States. With increased railroad traffic, it ceased operation around 1850, the commissioners designed a town of 400 blocks in a 2-mile square along the river. The blocks were divided into lots of 0.5 acres and sold to speculators, buyers had to build a house at least 30 feet long and 18 feet wide within three years or face an annual 5% penalty. The perimeter streets and two streets were 150 feet wide

10.
University of Maryland, Baltimore
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The University of Maryland, Baltimore, was founded in 1807. It comprises some of the oldest professional schools of dentistry, law, medicine, pharmacy, social work and it is the original campus of the University System of Maryland. Located on 60 acres in downtown Baltimore, it is part of the University System of Maryland, effective July 1,2010, Jay A. Perman was appointed president of the university by William English Kirwan, chancellor of the University System of Maryland. In 1812, it was rechartered as the University of Maryland and given the authority to establish additional faculties in law, divinity, the faculty of law was founded in 1816, though it operated intermittently until 1868. The faculty of arts and sciences also operated intermittently in the 19th century, the University of Maryland School of Dentistry was the first dental school in the world. Founded in 1840 as the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, it was chartered by an act of the Maryland General Assembly and its principal founders were Drs. Horace H. Hayden and Chapin A. Harris. It was the first school in the world to offer a curriculum in dentistry. It currently ranks among top 10 in the nation to receive NIH research funding, the school moved to a new building in October 2006. The new building, located adjacent to the old one in Baltimore Street, offers some of the newest facilities and technologies in the world for education and patient care. The cost of construction and equipment was over $140 million USD, the University of Maryland School of Law opened in 1816 as the Maryland Law Institute in a spacious and commodious building on South street, near Market street. It is the third-oldest law school in the nation, the law school moved to a new building in 2002, adjacent to the site of Westminster Presbyterian Burying Ground the cemetery where the poet and writer Edgar Allan Poe is buried. It is the law school in the United States with a famous author buried on its campus. Westminster Hall is used for events and is often requested for wedding ceremonies. The School of Laws students undergraduate median GPA is a 3.65 and it admits 16. 1% of applicants, making it one of the most selective law schools in the country. The law school takes about 225 full-time day students and about 50 evening students per year, the current Dean of the School of Law is Donald Tobin, one of the nation’s leading experts on the intersection of tax and campaign finance laws. The campus includes Davidge Hall, which was built in 1812, UMB SOM was ranked 40th in U. S. News and World Reports 2016 rankings of Best Medical Schools, Research and 65th in Best Medical Schools, Primary Care. The School of Medicine is closely affiliated with the University of Maryland Medical Center and it also offers PhD programs through the Graduate Program in Life Sciences and several combined degree programs, the MD/PhD MSTP, the MD/MPH, and an MD/MS in Public Health. In a 2011 article in Forbes magazine, Steven Salzberg criticized the inclusion of pseudoscientific subjects such as homeopathy in the curriculum

11.
Richmond, Virginia
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Richmond is the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Greater Richmond Region and it was incorporated in 1742, and has been an independent city since 1871. As of the 2010 census, the population was 204,214, in 2015, the population was estimated to be 220,289, the Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029, the third-most populous metro in the state. Richmond is located at the line of the James River,44 miles west of Williamsburg,66 miles east of Charlottesville. Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties, the city is located at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64, Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest, Glen Allen to the north and west, Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast. The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy, and was settled by English colonists from Jamestown in 1609. The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737 and it became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780. During the American Civil War, Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America, the city entered the 20th century with one of the worlds first successful electric streetcar systems. The Jackson Ward neighborhood is a hub of African-American commerce. Richmonds economy is driven by law, finance, and government, with federal, state. Dominion Resources and MeadWestvaco, Fortune 500 companies, are headquartered in the city, in 1737, planter William Byrd II commissioned Major William Mayo to lay out the original town grid. The settlement was laid out in April 1737, and was incorporated as a town in 1742, Richmond recovered quickly from the war, and by 1782 was once again a thriving city. A permanent home for the new government, the Virginia State Capitol building, was designed by Thomas Jefferson with the assistance of Charles-Louis Clérisseau, after the American Revolutionary War, Richmond emerged as an important industrial center. The legacy of the canal boatmen is represented by the figure in the center of the city flag, on April 17,1861, five days after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, the legislature voted to secede from the United States and joined the Confederacy. Official action came in May, after the Confederacy promised to move its capital to Richmond. It became the target of Union armies, especially in the campaigns of 1862. The Seven Days Battles followed in late June and early July 1862, during which Union General McClellan threatened to take Richmond, three years later, as March 1865 ended, the Confederate capitol became indefensible. On March 25, Confederate General John B, gordons desperate attack on Fort Stedman east of Petersburg failed

12.
Norfolk, Virginia
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Norfolk is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 242,803, in 2015, Norfolk is located at the core of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, named for the large natural harbor of the same name located at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. It is one of nine cities and seven counties that constitute the Hampton Roads metro area, officially known as the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, the city is bordered to the west by the Elizabeth River and to the north by the Chesapeake Bay. It also shares borders with the independent cities of Chesapeake to its south. Norfolk is one of the oldest cities in Hampton Roads, and is considered to be the historic, urban, financial, the city has a long history as a strategic military and transportation point. The largest Navy base in the world, Naval Station Norfolk, is located in Norfolk along with one of NATOs two Strategic Command headquarters. As the city is bordered by multiple bodies of water, Norfolk has many miles of riverfront and bayfront property, including beaches on the Chesapeake Bay. It is linked to its neighbors by a network of Interstate highways, bridges, tunnels. In 1619, the Governor of the Virginia Colony, Sir George Yeardley incorporated four jurisdictions, termed citties and these formed the basis for colonial representative government in the newly minted House of Burgesses. What would become Norfolk was put under the Elizabeth Cittie incorporation, in 1634 King Charles I reorganized the colony into a system of shires. The former Elizabeth Cittie became Elizabeth City Shire, after persuading 105 people to settle in the colony, Adam Thoroughgood was granted a large land holding, through the head rights system, along the Lynnhaven River in 1636. When the South Hampton Roads portion of the shire was separated, one year later, it was split into two counties, Upper Norfolk and Lower Norfolk, chiefly on Thoroughgoods recommendation. This area of Virginia became known as the place of entrepreneurs, the House of Burgesses established the Towne of Lower Norfolk County in 1680. In 1691, a final county subdivision took place when Lower Norfolk County split to form Norfolk County, in 1730, a tobacco inspection site was located here. By 1775, Norfolk developed into what contemporary observers argued was the most prosperous city in Virginia and it was an important port for exporting goods to the British Isles and beyond. In part because of its merchants numerous trading ties with other parts of the British Empire, after fleeing the colonial capital of Williamsburg, Lord Dunmore, the Royal Governor of Virginia, tried to reestablish control of the colony from Norfolk. Dunmore secured small victories at Norfolk but was forced into exile by the American rebels and his departure brought an end to more than 168 years of British colonial rule in Virginia. On New Years Day,1776, Lord Dunmores fleet of three ships shelled the city of Norfolk for more than eight hours, the damage from the shells and fires started by the British and spread by the patriots destroyed over 800 buildings, almost two-thirds of the city

13.
Eastern Time Zone
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Places that use Eastern Standard Time when observing standard time are 5 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time. Eastern Daylight Time, when observing daylight saving time DST is 4 hours behind Coordinated Universal Time, in the northern parts of the time zone, on the second Sunday in March, at 2,00 a. m. EST, clocks are advanced to 3,00 a. m. EDT leaving a one-hour gap, on the first Sunday in November, at 2,00 a. m. EDT, clocks are moved back to 1,00 a. m, southern parts of the zone do not observe daylight saving time. The Uniform Time Act of 1966 ruled that daylight saving time would run from the last Sunday of April until the last Sunday in October in the United States, the act was amended to make the first Sunday in April the beginning of daylight saving time as of 1987. The Energy Policy Act of 2005 extended daylight saving time in the United States beginning in 2007. So local times change at 2,00 a. m. EST to 3,00 a. m. EDT on the second Sunday in March, in Canada, the time changes as it does in the United States. However, a handful of communities unofficially observe Eastern Time because they are part of the Columbus, Georgia metropolitan area – Phenix City, Smiths Station, Lanett, and Valley. Florida, All of Florida is in the Eastern Time zone except for the portion of the Florida Panhandle west of the Apalachicola River, as the Eastern–Central zone boundary approaches the Gulf of Mexico, it follows the Bay/Gulf county line. Indiana, All of Indiana observes Eastern Time except for six counties in the Chicago metropolitan area. Kentucky, Roughly, the half of the state, including all of metropolitan Louisville, is in the Eastern Time Zone. Historically the entire state observed Central Time, when daylight saving time was first introduced, the Lower Peninsula remained on DST after it formally ended, effectively re-aligning itself into the Eastern Time Zone. The Upper Peninsula continued to observe Central Time until 1972, when all, Tennessee, Most of the eastern third of Tennessee is legally on Eastern Time. Eastern Time is also used somewhat as a de facto official time for all of the United States, since it includes the capital and the largest city. Major professional sports leagues also post all game times in Eastern time, for example, a game time between two teams from Pacific Time Zone will still be posted in Eastern time. Most cable television and national broadcast networks advertise airing times in Eastern time, national broadcast networks generally have two primary feeds, an eastern feed for Eastern and Central time zones, and a tape-delayed western feed for the Pacific Time Zone. The prime time is set on Eastern and Pacific at 8,00 p. m. with the Central time zone stations receiving the eastern feed at 7,00 p. m. local time. Mountain Time Zone stations receive a separate feed at 7,00 p. m. local time, as Arizona does not observe daylight saving time, during the summer months, it has its own feed at 7,00 p. m. local time

14.
Quarterback
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A quarterback is a position in American and Canadian football. Quarterbacks are members of the team and line up directly behind the offensive line. In modern American football, the quarterback is considered the leader of the offensive team. In modern American football, the quarterback is usually the leader of the offense, the quarterback touches the ball on almost every offensive play, and his successes and failures can have a significant impact on the fortunes of his team. Accordingly, the quarterback is among the most glorified and scrutinized positions in team sports, prior to each play, the quarterback will usually tell the rest of his team which play the team will run. After the team is lined up, the center will pass the ball back to the quarterback, usually on a running play, the quarterback will then hand or pitch the ball backwards to a half back or full back. On a passing play, the quarterback is almost always the responsible for trying to throw the ball downfield to an eligible receiver downfield. Depending on the scheme by his team, the quarterbacks role can vary. While quarterbacks in Canadian football need to be able to throw the ball often, in the NFL, quarterbacks are required to wear a uniform number between 1 and 19. In the CFL, the quarterback can wear any number from 0 to 49 and 70 to 99. Because of their numbering, quarterbacks are eligible receivers in the NCAA, NFHS, after a Super Bowl victory, the starting quarterback is the first player to be presented with the Vince Lombardi Trophy. The starting quarterback of the victorious Super Bowl team is chosen for the Im going to Disney World. Campaign, whether they are the Super Bowl MVP or not, examples include Joe Montana, Trent Dilfer, Dilfer was chosen even though teammate Ray Lewis was the MVP of Super Bowl XXXV, due to the bad publicity from Lewis murder trial the prior year. In addition to their role, quarterbacks are occasionally used in other roles. Most teams utilize a backup quarterback as their holder on placekicks, in the Wildcat, a formation where a halfback lines up behind the center and the quarterback lines up out wide, the quarterback can be used as a receiving target or a blocker. A more rare use for a quarterback is to punt the ball himself, Denver Broncos quarterback John Elway was known to perform quick kicks occasionally, typically when the Broncos were facing a third-and-long situation. As Roger Staubachs back-up, Dallas Cowboys quarterback Danny White was also the teams punter, ascending the starting role upon Staubachs retirement, White held his position as the teams punter for several seasons—a double duty he performed to All-American standard at Arizona State University. White also had two touchdown receptions as a Dallas Cowboy, both from the halfback option, if quarterbacks are uncomfortable with the formation the defense is using, they may call an audible change to their play

15.
Guard (American and Canadian football)
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In American and Canadian football, a guard is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking. Right guards is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line, Guards are to the right or left of the center. The guards job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays, Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers, so they cannot intentionally touch a forward pass, unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver. This technique is used in most playbooks for outside runs and on counter plays, vanderbilts Dan McGugin is credited with first pulling guards. Since the Guard is free of responsibility for play-side outside runs and far-side counter plays, pulling is generally a unique responsibility for Guards

16.
Tackle (gridiron football position)
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Tackle is a playing position in American and Canadian football. Historically, in the one-platoon system prevalent in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In the modern system of specialized units, offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions, the offensive tackle is a position on the offensive line, left and right. The term tackle is a vestige of an era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense. A tackle is the position on the offensive line. They power their blocks with quick steps and maneuverability, the tackles are mostly in charge of the outside protection. If the tight end goes out for a pass, the tackle must cover everyone that his guard does not, usually they defend against defensive ends. In the NFL, offensive tackles often measure over 6 ft 4 in and 300 lb, the Wonderlic is taken before the draft to assess each players aptitude for learning and problem solving, a score of 26 is estimated to correspond with an IQ of 112. The right tackle is usually the teams best run blocker, most running plays are towards the strong side of the offensive line. Consequently, the tackle will face the defending teams best run stoppers. He must be able to gain traction in his blocks so that the back can find a hole to run through. The left tackle is usually the teams best pass blocker, of the two tackles, the left tackles will often have better footwork and agility than the right tackle in order to counteract the pass rush of defensive ends. When a quarterback throws a pass, the quarterbacks shoulders are aligned roughly perpendicular to the line of scrimmage. Right-handed quarterbacks, the majority of players in the position, thus turn their backs to defenders coming from the left side, creating a vulnerable blind side that the left tackle must protect. A2006 book by Michael Lewis, The Blind Side, Evolution of a Game, made into a 2009 motion picture, the book and the films introduction discuss how the annual salary of left tackles in the NFL skyrocketed in the mid-90s. Recent examples include Eric Fisher, Luke Joeckel, Lane Johnson, Matt Kalil, Trent Williams, Jake Long, and Joe Thomas

17.
Sally Miles
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Clarence Paul Sally Miles was an American football and baseball player, coach, and college administrator. He served as the football coach at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute —now known as Virginia Tech—from 1905 to 1906. Miles also was the baseball coach at VPI in 1908 and 1913. He served as the athletic director from 1920 to 1934. Known as Mr. VPI, Miles spent nearly 59 years at Virginia Tech in a variety of capacities, Miles died two weeks before the dedication of Clarence P. Miles Hall, a residence hall that houses 217 male students. Miles nickname Sally was a form of Salskinner, which he brought with him from high school. As an undergraduate, Miles was captain of the baseball team, as a graduate student, he was captain of the football team and was named to the first team of the All-Southern team as a tackle. Miles remained on campus to teach German, chemistry, and to football and baseball. Miles 1905 team is credited with VPIs first-ever victory over the Virginia, Virginia was so incensed by the loss that it refused to play Tech again until 1923. Miles also served as director, treasurer and dean of the college. He helped organize the Southern Conference, serving as its president, Miles tried but failed to earn membership for Virginia Tech in the Atlantic Coast Conference. Virginia Tech ultimately joined in ACC in 2004, Miles was inducted into the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1974. Sally Miles at the College Football Data Warehouse

18.
Hub McCormick
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Herbert Gilmore Hub McCormick was a college football player and engineer for the military. Hub was born on August 16,1878 in Fairfield in Rockbridge County, Virginia to James Robert McCormick and he received his primary school education at Fairfield and for his high school education he attended Augusta Military Academy, near Staunton, Virginia, from 1896 to 1898. McCormick enrolled at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and as a senior was class president and he was selected All-Southern as a tackle on the Virginia Tech Hokies football team in 1901. One source calls him a holy terror on defensive work, McCormick later assisted in the construction of Miles Stadium. He was employed by Norfolk and Western Railway, as an engineer on surveys and constructions. After some post-graduate work, he worked with the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, working to improve the Ohio River and its tributaries until 1917. From 1917 to 1918 he was assigned to the job of setting coast defense artillery on the Atlantic Coast, and from 1919 to 1930 his assignment was construction of locks and dams on the Ohio River

19.
Center (gridiron football)
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Center is a position in American football and Canadian football. The center is the innermost lineman of the line on a football teams offense. The center is also the player who passes the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play, in recent years, the importance of centers for a football team has increased, due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses. According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome, you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle, if you dont, everything can get screwed up. Your running game wont be effective and youll also have somebody in your quarterbacks face on every play, the centers first and primary role is to pass the football to the quarterback. This exchange is called a snap, most offensive schemes make adjustments based on how the defensive line and linebackers align themselves in relation to the offensive line, and what gaps they line up in. Because the center has a view of the defensive formation before the snap. This call is typically based on the position of the linemen or linebackers in his gaps. In some cases the center may call an adjustment for the offensive line. This was taken to an extreme by the Indianapolis Colts in the early 21st century, the center is therefore usually the most intelligent player on the offensive line, which is critical to a centers success. After the snap, the center performs blocking assignments, the blocking assignments vary by offense but typically consist of the following, Run blocking assignments will vary based on the current play and the defensive formation when the ball is snapped. Typically, these assignments consist of the following, Blocking middle or backside linebackers in certain formations, assisting guards in their blocking assignments. This may be a center/guard double-team where the center and guard are assigned to the target to get extra push or drive. Assistance may also be just a quick hit or chip to throw the player off balance and help the guard to execute his block. Backside blocking of defensive tackles for pulling guards, in some offensive schemes, certain plays will involve pulling an offensive lineman to block for the ball carrier. If a guard needs to pull for a block, the center will typically block the defensive tackle in order to fill the guards void, pass blocking for a center is similar to run blocking for a center. The center will initially help guards based on the position of the defensive linemen, in the case of a blitz, the center may need to pick up a rushing linebacker, safety or corner. A good center also needs to stay vigilant during pass blocking to protect against defensive stunts and twists, on most plays, the center will snap the ball directly into the quarterbacks hands

20.
End (gridiron football)
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An end in American and Canadian football is a player who lines up at either end of the line of scrimmage, usually beside the tackles. Rules state that an offensive formation must always consist of seven players on the line of scrimmage. The position was used in this sense until roughly the 1960s, on offense, an end who lines up close to the other linemen is known as a tight end and is the only lineman who aside from blocking can run or catch passes. One who lines up some distance from the line is known as a split end. In recent years and the proliferation of the pass, the generic term wide receiver has come to define both split ends and flankers. The terms “split end” and “flanker” are often ditched today for terms like X and Z receivers, bill Carpenter was the first Lonesome end. On defense, there is a commonly used position called the defensive end and its primary role is to rush the passer, as well as to stop offensive runs to the outer edges of the line of scrimmage. However, as there are no rules regulating the formation of the defense, players at this position commonly take on, don Hutson of the Alabama Crimson Tide and the Green Bay Packers was one of the sports greatest. The self described other end opposite Hutson in college at Alabama was legendary coach Bear Bryant, gaynell Tinsley was another prominent of Hutsons time. Amos Alonzo Stagg of Yale and Arthur Cumnock of Harvard were ends on the first All-America team, Stagg went on to a hall of fame coaching career, some called Cumnock the greatest Harvard player of all time. Mike Ditka and Ron Sellers were some of the last to play the position in college, glossary of American football History of American football positions Tight end Defensive end Wide receiver

21.
Halfback (American football)
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A halfback is an offensive position in American football, whose duties involve lining up in the backfield and carrying the ball on most rushing plays, i. e. a running back. The halfback position is one of the more glamorous positions on the field, sometimes the halfback can catch the ball from the backfield on short passing plays as he is an eligible receiver. Occasionally, they line up as wide receivers. When not running or catching the ball, the responsibility of a halfback is to aid the offensive linemen in blocking. Before the emergence of the T-formation in the 1940s, all members of the backfield were legitimate threats to run or pass the ball. Most teams used four offensive backs on every play, a quarterback, the quarterback began each play a quarter of the way back, the halfbacks began each play side by side and halfway back, and the fullback began each play the farthest back. Historically, from the 1870s through the 1950s, the position was both an offensive and defensive position. There has also been a shift in most offense’s dependence on halfbacks, however, the average output of the halfback has not changed. Older systems require the halfback be proficient at throwing the ball downfield as well, many of the “scat backs” in the modern era produce more total yards and touchdowns than their ancestor “power backs” by breaking off big plays on outside runs and receptions. The spread offense and the hurry-up offense change the halfback’s role, the spread, the hurry-up, and the pro-style offenses dominate American football but the “smash-mouth” style of play is far from extinct. A power-running scheme is often utilized to counter an effective Spread attack, as it allows a team to control the clock and this strategy is utilized in NFL, college, and all other forms of American football. The need for “power backs is very prevalent, alongside the need for “scat backs”, in the past few decades the role of the halfback has gone through a great shift as most offensive game plans are now fueled by creativity and finesse instead of raw force. Stamina and durability is more important than ever in the hurry-up offense, on the other hand, speed is often valued over strength, and pass-catching ability is sometimes valued over blocking proficiency. Power was once the most desired trait in a halfback, but has been taken by the need for a diverse skill set. In the last few decades the running back’s individual share of output has declined as quarterbacks are generally treated as the cornerstone of the offense. The demands of an up-tempo offense also favor a multiple running back system, from the dawn of American football through the 1880s most offensive schemes focused on the running game. In a running based game plan the halfback was typically the cornerstone of the offense and this system focused on a physical run attack concentrated in the inside of the field, and therefore depended on a skilled “power back”. There were no forward passes, and pure speed took a backseat to tackle-breaking and bucking ability, there was a focus on physicality over finesse, as this type of playing style earned the moniker of “smash mouth” football

22.
Hunter Carpenter
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Caius Hunter Carpenter was an American college football halfback who played for both Virginia Tech and North Carolina. Carpenter was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1957, Carpenter was born in Louisa County, Virginia, the son of Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Carpenter. He attended Clifton Forge High School in Clifton Forge, Virginia, Carpenter was never named to the All-America team only because Walter Camp, who named the team at the time, said he would never name a player who he had not seen play. Carpenter was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1957, Carpenter enrolled at Virginia Tech in 1898, and played college football for the Virginia Tech Hokies football team of Virginia Tech from 1899 through 1903. He became a man possessed by one thing after the 1899 rout, during this time, he used the alias Walter Brown because his father had forbidden him to play football. However, after five years of college, Hunter Carpenter graduated from Virginia Tech without achieving his goal and it was not until his father saw him play in a game in 1900 against Virginia Military Institute in Norfolk, Virginia did he approve. He is one athlete picked as the greatest football player ever to attend the school and he was named captain of the team in 1902. Carpenter returned to Virginia Tech in 1905 for a last shot at beating Virginia in his year of college football. Going into the 1905 game, UVA was 8–0 against VPI by a score of 170–5. The Cavalier Daily ran a story outlining Carpenters motives and move from Virginia Tech to UNC, Virginia accused Carpenter of being a professional player, as he had played college football already for nearly a decade. Carpenter signed an affidavit that he had not received payment to play against UVA and, against a backdrop of recrimination, Carpenter led VPI to an 11-0 lead. Carpenter was ejected midway through the game for throwing the ball at the face of a Virginia defender, Carpenter left immediately after the game and moved to Middleton, New York, never to return to the Commonwealth. Carpenter retired 1–7 against UVA, but the Cavaliers still refused to play Virginia Tech again until 1923, Carpenter helped lead Virginia Tech in 1905 to a 9-1 record, the best in schools history up to that time. During that season, Tech outscored its opponents 305-24, and Carpenter scored 82 points, infuriated by his losses to UVA, he played in 1904 at the University of North Carolina. I just want to beat the University of Virginia, Carpenter was quoted as saying by the Associated Press, however, as a standout on the Tar Heels football squad, he again failed to win against Virginia for two years in a row. His one year at North Carolina managed to place him amongst the best ever to play at the school and he died in Middletown, New York. Virginia–Virginia Tech football rivalry Hunter Carpenter at the College Football Hall of Fame Virginia Sports Hall of Fame

23.
Fullback (gridiron football)
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A fullback is a position in the offensive backfield in American and Canadian football, and is one of the two running back positions along with the halfback. Examples of players who have excelled at the hybrid running-blocking-pass catching role include Mike Alstott, in the days before two platoons, the fullback was usually the teams punter and drop kicker. In modern play, the fullback is a misnomer. Before the emergence of the T-formation in the 1940s, most teams used four offensive backs on every play, a quarterback, two halfbacks, and a fullback. The quarterback began each play a quarter of the way back, the halfbacks began each play side by side and halfway back, and the fullback began each play the farthest back. In the modern game, when the quarterback is under center, fullbacks are typically known less for speed and agility and more for muscularity and the ability to shed tackles. In the modern NFL, fullbacks, while deployed as ball carriers, are often primarily a lead blocker to allow running backs to get to the secondary of the opposing teams defense. In the early 2000s, many NFL teams used blocking fullbacks, such as Tony Richardson and Lorenzo Neal and these backs cleared the way for some of the decades great running backs. There are still fullbacks who remaining prominent in the NFL, among them Aaron Ripkowski, Jamize Olawale, James Develin, John Kuhn, Patrick DiMarco, Mike Tolbert, Kyle Juszczyk, and Marcel Reece. However, in spite of their usually infrequent carries in modern NFL offenses, notably LeRon McClain was the rushing leader for the Baltimore Ravens in 2008 and Tony Richardson led the Kansas City Chiefs in rushing in 2000. Giants running back Peyton Hillis started his NFL career as a fullback before being reverted into a halfback, although technically a running back, typically fullbacks are primarily valued for their blocking in most modern day offenses. The most common and simple runs, the Dive and the Blast, in the flexbone formation, however, the fullback can often be used as the primary rushing threat. In many other schemes, the fullback is used as a receiver. In selected plays, some teams will have a defensive lineman report as a receiver to line up as a fullback or tight end in a Miami package in goalline formation. Defensive Tackle William The Refrigerator Perry scored a touchdown in Super Bowl XX from the fullback position, most teams in the NFL do not have a substitute fullback, though there are exceptions. The role can be filled by backup or number three or four tight ends or bigger and less-frequently-used running backs. In modern offenses, fullbacks in an I-formation can be motioned into a 2-TE formation or H-back formation, the position is less frequently used in Canadian football, which focuses more on passing than running the ball

24.
1901 College Football All-Southern Team
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The 1901 College Football All-Southern Team consists of American football players selected to the College Football All-Southern Teams selected by various organizations in 1901. Most said Virginia ranked best in the south, gallaudet, a school for deaf-mutes, also claimed a championship. It had a team referred to as substitutes. O = selected by Caspar Whitney in Outing

25.
Richmond Times-Dispatch
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The Richmond Times-Dispatch is the primary daily newspaper in Richmond, the capital of Virginia, United States. It is also the newspaper of record for the state of Virginia. The Times-Dispatch has the second-highest circulation of any Virginia newspaper, after Norfolks The Virginian-Pilot, in addition to the Richmond area, the Times-Dispatch has substantial readership in Charlottesville, Lynchburg, and Waynesboro. As the primary paper of the capital, the Times-Dispatch serves as a newspaper of record for rural regions of the state that lack large local papers. The RTD has existed in form for more than 150 years. In 1850, a called the Daily Dispatch was founded. In 1886, a competitor, the Richmond Daily Times was founded by Lewis Ginter, a year later, Joseph Bryan bought the Daily Times from Ginter, beginning the papers long association with the Bryan family. In 1890, the Daily Times changed its name to the Richmond Times, in 1896, Bryan acquired the eight-year-old Manchester Leader and launched the Evening Leader. In 1899, the evening Richmond News was founded, john L. Williams, owner of the Dispatch, bought the News in 1900. By 1903, it was obvious Richmond was not big enough to support four papers and that year, Williams and Bryan agreed to a merger of Richmonds main newspapers. The morning papers merged to become the Richmond Times-Dispatch under Bryans ownership, Bryan bought the News Leader in 1908. After he died later that year, the land for Richmonds Joseph Bryan Park was donated by his widow, Isobel Stewart Bryan, john Stewart Bryan became owner and publisher of the two papers after his fathers death. That conglomeration is now known as Media General, the Richmond Times-Dispatch drew national attention for its coverage of a December 21,2004, attack by a suicide bomber on an American military base in Mosul, Iraq. Stories and photographs about the attack by a Times-Dispatch reporter embedded with the 276th were read, heard and seen across the nation. In 1990, The RTD borrowed an idea from an entrepreneur, Barry Mad Dog Gottlieb, to encourage a Tacky Christmas Lights Tour. Every week, the RTD lists the addresses of houses where the most tacky Christmas lights can be found and this tradition has begun to spread to other cities, like Fairfax, Virginia as well as San Francisco and Los Angeles. Diane Cantor, the wife of former House Majority Leader Republican Eric Cantor and this drew some conflict-of-interest allegations because the RTD serves much of the congressmans 7th district, but no evidence surfaced that she was involved in the papers content. Her association with the paper was noted at the end of Times-Dispatch stories about Rep. Cantor, on May 17,2012, Media General announced the sale of its newspaper division to BH Media, a subsidiary of Warren Buffetts Berkshire Hathaway company

26.
Lane Stadium
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Lane Stadium/Worsham Field is a stadium located in Blacksburg, in the U. S. state of Virginia. It is the field of the Virginia Tech Hokies. It was rated the number one home field advantage in all of football in 2005 by Rivals. com. It is also ranked #2 on ESPN. coms Top 10 Scariest Places To Play, from 1982 to 2014, Lane Stadium had the highest elevation of any Division I Football Bowl Subdivision school stadium in the eastern United States, at 2,057 feet above sea level. That distinction now belongs to Kidd Brewer Stadium, home to Appalachian State University, in 1963, school administrator Stuart K. Cassell, namesake of Cassell Coliseum, proposed building a larger stadium to replace the 17, 000-seat Miles Stadium. Construction of Lane Stadium began on April 1,1964 and it took a total of four years to complete construction. However, the first game in the new stadium was played in 1965, at the game, only the west stands and center section of the east bleachers were completed. It wasnt until the summer of 1968 that construction was completed on Lane Stadium and this brand new stadium seated 35,050 which featured a press box for guests, writers, stats crew-members, scouts, and coaches. The stadium is named after Edward Hudson Lane, a Virginia Polytechnic Institute graduate, in the 1960s, Lane headed an educational foundation project which raised over $3 million for the original construction, with his challenge gift of Lane Company stock comprising the lead gift. Like many stadiums built at the time, it consisted of two bowed sideline grandstands with free-standing bleachers behind the end zones, the stadiums original form was substantially similar to that of BB&T Field at Wake Forest and Memorial Stadium at Indiana University. Lane Stadium remained generally unchanged for 20 years, but in 1980 the east stands were expanded, increasing the stadium capacity to 52,500. Two years later, the Stadium installed a brand-new lighting system that would help the team get its first nationally broadcast game on WTBS, a 21–14 win over state rival University of Virginia. Prior to the 1989 season, the stadium added 16 flags and received a new paint job, including the maroon, the Worshams pledged $1 million to the universitys Second Century Campaign, which raised over $18.6 million, $1.7 million more than the original goal. In the spring of 1994, renovations were completed on seven lower sections of the east stands, renovations also included replacing concrete risers and the addition of wheelchair seating decreasing capacity to 50,000. Also, before the 1994 season, plaques bearing retired numbers of Tech heroes Bruce Smith, Carroll Dale, Jim Pyne, however, with the later addition of the north end zone seats, the four retired numbers now fly on flag poles above those stands. Before the start of the 1998 season, the oldest bleachers were replaced with new locust wood, on the east side, the roof on the old visitors locker room was replaced along with the bleachers above the dressing room. Before the 1999 season, the university started work on the end zone. The summer of 1999 saw the addition of roughly 2,100 seats to the end zone increasing capacity to 53,130

27.
HokieBird
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The HokieBird is the official mascot of Virginia Tech. Fans of Virginia Tech athletics have referred to the teams by the nickname Fighting Gobblers since the early 20th century, another popular legend regarding the origin of the Gobblers moniker refers to when the university was a military college known as the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. As future military officers and gentlemen, cadets were not allowed to look at their plates as they ate, to do so was termed gobbling your food and was a cause for punishment. Athletes were given increased portions of food and in consideration of the limited time, were allowed to gobble their meals. Because of this, the teams for VAMC became known as The Gobblers. The 1909 football team was the first team to be referred to in print as the Gobblers, meade and other mascots to follow continued having a live turkey on the sidelines of games into the 1950s. This mascot debuted at the then-annual Thanksgiving Day football game between military school rivals VPI and VMI and this costume was modified in 1971 to include a long neck, making it more than seven feet tall, and the name was changed to the Fighting Gobbler. The turkey-like figure was referred to as the Hokie mascot, the Hokie, and the Hokie bird, the costume worn by todays HokieBird made its first appearance in 1987, when Frank Beamer returned as coach. Although he reinstated the Gobbler to the teams scoreboard, by then the Hokies nickname had already become the most prominent. The current HokieBird debuted at that seasons home opener against Clemson, HokieBird Curtis Dvorak won the National Cheerleading Association championship in 1996 and has appeared as Jaxson de Ville, mascot of the Jacksonville Jaguars since 1996. Todd Maroldo, Hokiebird in 1996-1997, won the National Cheerleading Association championship in 1997 and was hired as the Carolina Panthers mascot, HokieBird has been so popular that the mascot landed an appearance on Animal Planets Turkey Secrets, shown annually around Thanksgiving. Now, when referring to Virginia Tech, the term Hokie generally refers to a Virginia Tech Student, in 2012-2013, the HokieBird held an official banner signing for Newtown, Connecticut, where the Sandy Hook shooting happened. Constantly rollerblading through campus, the HokieBird has been known to respond to tweets and visit classes, dormitories, and dining halls. The official Twitter account of the HokieBird is @TheHokieBird or twitter. com/thehokiebird It is myth that there are 3-6 HokieBirds at one time, the HokieBird is an active supporter of all Virginia Tech athletic teams, particularly the Virginia Tech Football and Basketball Teams. Before football games, he leads the charge onto the field as students jump up, after scores in football, the VT cheerleaders carry out a bench and weights for the HokieBird to perform bench presses. He does one press for every point VT has scored, sometimes, in lieu of bench presses, the HokieBird has done situps or pushups. The HokieBird has also known to crowd surf from the bottom of the Corps of Cadets student section all the way to the top of the section. At the graduation ceremony, students who portrayed the HokieBird are allowed to wear the giant orange bird feet, in theory, no one is supposed to know who the HokieBirds are until graduation day

28.
Tech Triumph
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Tech Triumph is the fight song of Virginia Tech. It was composed in 1919 by Wilfred Pete Maddux and Mattie Eppes, Wilfred Preston Maddux, a trombone and baritone player in the Virginia Tech Regimental Band, jointly composed Tech Triumph in 1919 along with Mattie Walton Eppes. Mattie Eppes was a neighbor of Pete in his hometown of Blackstone, when he was home, Pete would often play violin with Mattie accompanying him on the piano. One evening in the summer of 1919, Pete asked her to help him compose a song for VPI. She played the tune and Pete wrote out the score and the words for two verses in a single evening, Pete Maddux is not listed in the yearbook with the band after 1919. Miss Eppes later married John C, boggs, Superintendent of Randolph-Macon Military Academy. The song was first performed on Saturday, November 1,1919, the issue of the university newspaper noted, On arriving at the grounds, the battalion was formed for the review on the football field. After passing in review before the grandstand, the four formed a hollow square with the band in the center. In a letter to The Virginia Tech published on Dec.10,1919 and it is more than gratifying to me to see the ardent spirit and loyalty which the Corps manifests when every man lends his lusty voice to swell the chorus of football singing. Thanking you again for your cooperation in making the publication of Tech Triumph a success, I am Yours very cordially, Maddux A strain of the Bliss Triumph potato developed for its disease resistance by Virginia Tech researchers in 1926 and was named Tech Triumph