Astronomers have found the farthest quasar yet, shining at a time when our universe was just becoming visible. You can get the whole story and more at astronomy.com.
http://www.astronomy.com/news/2017/12/lighting-up-the-dark-universe
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What powers a quasar? Just how strong is a blazar? What’s the connection to giant black holes? I discuss these questions and more in today’s Ask a Spaceman!
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The Hubble Space Telescope captured an image of a quasar named 3C 186 that is offset from the center of its galaxy. Astronomers hypothesize that this supermassive black hole was jettisoned from the center of its galaxy by the recoil from gravitational waves produced by the merging of two supermassive black holes.
Read more: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2017/gravitational-wave-kicks-monster-black-hole-out-of-galactic-core
Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center/Katrina Jackson
Music credit: "Stealth Car" by Tom Sue [GEMA] and Zac Singer [GEMA]; Ed. Berlin Production Music/Universal Publishing Production Music GmbH GEMA; Berlin Production Music; Killer Tracks Production Music
This video is public domain and along with other supporting visualizations can be downloaded from the Scientific Visualization Studio at: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/12539
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Monica Young | Black Holes, Quasars, and Object G2 | NEAF Talks

Filmed April 2014
Black holes capture the imagination. These rents in the fabric of spacetime let nothing, not even light, escape. Yet when they feast, black holes can become powerful beacons – as gas flows into their gaping maws, it heats up, glowing brightly enough to be seen from the early universe. How do we find black holes even when they’re not gorging on gas? Dr. Young will speak to the most commonly asked questions about black holes as well as update us on the latest information surrounding object G2 circling the supermassive black hole at the center of our galaxy.
Who is Monica Young?
DR. MONICA YOUNG earned her Ph.D. researching the behavior of supermassive black
holes in distant galaxies. She held a predoctoral fellowship at the Harvard-Smithsonian
Center for Astrophysics and graduated in 2010 from Boston University. After completing
a postdoc at Penn State University, Young left the academic world for her dream job at
Sky and Telescope Magazine where she commissions, edits, and writes web news stories and magazine articles.
NEAF Talks brings you the best from the annual NEAF Astronomy & Space conference which is held just outside of New York City at the RCC campus of the State University of New York. The Northeast Astronomy Forum is in its 25th year and is a world renowned symposium which annually searches the globe for the most relevant personalities who are making space, science and astronomy history today. Now through NEAF Talks online, these outstanding lectures are available to classrooms, universities, professionals and the world- free of charge. Visit RocklandAstronomy.com/NEAF for more information or to learn how to see NEAF live.
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Flickering quasar images

Distant quasars tend to change their brightness, causing them to flicker. As the light which creates the different images of the quasar follows paths with slightly different lengths, the images do not flicker simultaneously but are delayed with respect to each other by several days. This delay in flickering can be used to measure the Hubble constant which describes the speed of expansion of our Universe.
While the relative time between two flickers is correctly represented in this animation, in reality the delays are in the range of days to two weeks.
More information and download options: http://www.spacetelescope.org/videos/heic1702b/
Credit:
ESA/Hubble, NASA

Why Quasars are so Awesome | Space Time

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Quasars ... the most metal thing in the universe.
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When Quasars were first discovered the amount of light pouring out of such a tiny dot in space seemed impossible. A hysterical flurry of hypothesizing followed: swarms of neutron stars, alien civilizations harnessing their entire galaxy’s power, bright, fast-moving objects being ejected by our own galaxy’s core. But by the 1980’s we were converging on the most awesome explanation. It goes a little like this: Take a black hole of millions to billions times the mass of the sun. Where from? It turns out every decent-sized galaxy has one at its core. Now drive gas into the galactic core. One way this can happen is when galaxies merge and grow. That gas descends into the waiting black hole’s gravitational well and gains incredible speed on the way. It is swept up in a raging whirlpool around the black hole that we call an accretion disk, where its energy of motion is turned into heat. The heat-glow of the accretion disk is so bright that we can see quasars to the ends of the universe.
Previous Episode:
The Phantom Singularity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-q7EvLhOK08
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This episode is an in-depth look at stars, from the common kinds and basic terminology to exotic stars, some which are entirely hypothetical. We'll look at Stars bigger than solar systems or tinier than a pinhead, and some stars that no longer exist or cannot exist till long after all other stars have died.
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Q&A 8: Life with Quasars and More...

In this questions show, we wonder when we’ll finally merge our brains with computers, is the Death Star a Dyson Sphere? And whether we could live in lava tubes.
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What is a QUASAR?

This week we learn what a QUASAR is! One of the most luminous objects in the Universe found shining brightly at the heart of distant galaxies. Quasars belong to a group of objects known as AGN, Active Galactic Nuclei.
-----------------
As well as using information I already knew, I used a few sources to check myself
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar#History_of_observation
https://www.britannica.com/topic/quasar
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_galactic_nucleus#Observational_characteristics
https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.6429
-----------------
All images and animations are used for educational purposes.
Credits:
Quasar animation - ESO / M. Kornmesser www.eso.org
Galactic centre animation - "These images/animations were created by Prof. Andrea Ghez and her research team at UCLA and are from data sets obtained with the W. M. Keck Telescopes." http://www.galacticcenter.astro.ucla.edu/animations.html
Quasar still - ESO/ M. Kornmesser
G2 cloud - ESO/A. Eckart
Optical quasar - ESA/Hubble & NASA
Radio quasar with jets - Image courtesy of NRAO/AUI http://images.nrao.edu/AGN/Quasars/132
Jodrell Bank - I took myself 🙂

Quasars

Nigel Goes to Space
Join Nigel as he takes you on his journey to the stars and beyond!
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What is a quasar?
Two billion light years from home, closing in on the edge of the Universe, going back to the beginning of time. This isn’t a galaxy, it’s brighter than 100 galaxies, a blinding beam of energy surging for trillions of miles. The deadliest most powerful thing in the Universe, the quasar. A swirling cauldron of superheated gas, this beast has a heart of darkness, a supermassive black hole as heavy as a billion suns. It’s ripping apart whole stars, devouring them until they’re nothing, lost forever from the visible Universe.
A quasar, or quasi-stellar radio source, is a massive and extremely remote celestial object, emitting exceptionally large amounts of energy, which typically has a star-like image in a telescope. It has been suggested that quasars contain massive black holes and may represent a stage in the evolution of some galaxies.
Nigel is an internationally acclaimed science populariser and author, specialising in astronomy and space.

Bright halos around distant quasars

This mosaic shows 18 of the 19 quasars observed by an international team of astronomers, led by the ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Each observed quasar is surrounded by a bright gaseous halo. It is the first time that a survey of quasars shows such bright halos around all of the observed quasars.
The discovery was made using the MUSE instrument at ESO’s Very Large Telescope.
More information and download options: http://www.eso.org/public/videos/eso1638a/
Credit:
ESO/Borisova et al.

Updated: How to make a Quasar in Universe Sandbox 2

This is an update on how to make a better looking Quasar in Universe Sandbox 2, this is the improved method than Anton did in response to my last video.
Sorry for potato laptop quality.

There's a supermassive black hole in the center of our Milky Way galaxy. Could this black hole become a Quasar?
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Previously, we answered the question, “What is a Quasar”. If you haven’t watched that one yet, you might want to pause this video and click here. … or you could bravely plow on ahead because you already know or because clicking is hard.
Should you fall in the latter category. I’m here to reward your laziness. A quasar is what you get when a supermassive black hole is actively feeding on material at the core of a galaxy. The region around the black hole gets really hot and blasts out radiation that we can see billions of light-years away.
Our Milky Way is a galaxy, it has a supermassive black hole at the core. Could this black hole feed on material and become a quasar? Quasars are actually very rare events in the life of a galaxy, and they seem to happen early on in a galaxy’s evolution, when it’s young and filled with gas.
Normally material in the galactic disk orbits well away from the the supermassive black hole, and it’s starved for material. The occasional gas cloud or stray star gets too close, is torn apart, and we see a brief flash as it’s consumed. But you don’t get a quasar when a black hole is snacking on stars. You need a tremendous amount of material to pile up, so it’s chokes on all the gas, dust, planets and stars. An accretion disk grows; a swirling maelstrom of material bigger than our Solar System that’s as hot as a star. This disk creates the bright quasar, not the black hole itself.
Quasars might only happen once in the lifetime of a galaxy. And if it does occur, it only lasts for a few million years, while the black hole works through all the backed up material, like water swirling around a drain. Once the black hole has finished its “stuff buffet”, the accretion disk disappears, and the light from the quasar shuts off.
Sounds scary. According to New York University research scientist Gabe Perez-Giz, even though a quasar might be emitting more than 100 trillion times as much energy as the Sun, we’re far enough away from the core of the Milky Way that we would receive very little of it - like, one hundredth of a percent of the intensity we get from the Sun.
Since the Milky Way is already a middle aged galaxy, its quasaring days are probably long over. However, there’s an upcoming event that might cause it to flare up again. In about 4 billion years, Andromeda is going to cuddle with the Milky Way, disrupting the cores of both galaxies. During this colossal event, the supermassive black holes in our two galaxies will interact, messing with the orbits of stars, planets, gas and dust.
Some will be thrown out into space, while others will be torn apart and fed to the black holes. And if enough material piles up, maybe our Milky Way will become a quasar after all. Which as I just mentioned, will be totally harmless to us. The galactic collision? Well that’s another story.
It’s likely our Milky Way already was a quasar, billions of years ago. And it might become one again billions of years from now. And that’s interesting enough that I think we should stick around and watch it happen. How do you feel about the prospects for our Milky Way becoming a quasar? Are you a little nervous by an event that won’t happen for another 4 billion years?
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Neil deGrasse Tyson on Calculating the Distance of a Quasar

If a quasar is billions of light years away, how can we calculate that distance when the light takes billions of years to reach us? Astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson explains why we can see events that took place before Earth even existed in this StarTalk Radio "Behind the Scenes" Cosmic Queries video with comic co-host Eugene Mirman.
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Quasars are among the most dramatic objects anywhere in the cosmos. They emit prodigious amounts of energy, all due to a supermassive black hole at the heart of a galaxy. Visible far across the Universe, quasars can be used to trace both the early life of galaxies, and the properties of the intervening space.
The transcript and downloadable versions of the lecture are available from the Gresham College website: http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/quasars-%E2%80%93-the-brightest-black-holes
Gresham College has been giving free public lectures since 1597. This tradition continues today with all of our five or so public lectures a week being made available for free download from our website. There are currently over 1,500 lectures free to access or download from the website.
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In this short video explainer, Universe Today publisher Fraser Cain investigates the most powerful objects in the Universe: quasars. In just the last few decades, our understanding of quasars has developed in leaps and bounds.
We now know what they are. And so will you.
http://www.universetoday.com/73222/what-is-a-quasar/
--------------
I love it when scientists discover something unusual in nature.
They have no idea what it is, and then over decades of research, evidence builds, and scientists grow to understand what's going on..
My favorite example? Quasars.
Astronomers first knew they had a mystery on their hands in the nineteen-sixties (1960s) when they turned the first radio telescopes to the sky.
They detected the radio waves streaming off the Sun, the Milky Way and a few stars, but they also turned up bizarre objects they couldn't explain.
These objects were small and incredibly bright.
They named them quasi-stellar-objects or "quasars", and then began to argue about what might be causing them.
The first was found to be moving away at more than a third the speed of light.
But was it really?
Maybe we were seeing the distortion of gravity from a black hole, or could it be the white hole end of a wormhole.
And If it was that fast, then it was really, really far... 4 billion light years away.
And it generating as much energy as an entire galaxy with a hundred billion stars.
What could do this?
Here's where Astronomers got creative.
Maybe quasars weren't really that bright, and it was our understanding of the size and expansion of the Universe that was wrong.
Or maybe we were seeing the results of a civilization, who had harnessed all stars in their galaxy into some kind of energy source.
Then in the 1980s, astronomers started to agree on the active galaxy theory as the source of quasars.
That, in fact, several different kinds of objects: quasars, blazars and radio galaxies were all the same thing, just seen from different angles.
And that some mechanism was causing galaxies to blast out jets of radiation from their cores.
But what was that mechanism?
We now know that all galaxies have supermassive black holes at their centers; some billions of times the mass of the Sun.
When material gets too close, it forms an accretion disk around the black hole.
It heats up to millions of degrees, blasting out an enormous amount of radiation.
The magnetic environment around the black hole forms twin jets of material which flow out into space for millions of light-years.
This is an AGN, an active galactic nucleus.
When the jets are perpendicular to our view, we see a radio galaxy. If they're at an angle, we see a quasar.
And when we're staring right down the barrel of the jet, that's a blazar.
It's the same object, seen from three different perspectives.
Supermassive black holes aren't always feeding.
If a black hole runs out of food, the jets run out of power and shut down.
Right up until something else gets too close, and the whole system starts up again.
The Milky Way has a supermassive black hole at its center, and it's all out of food.
It doesn't have an active galactic nucleus, and so, we don't appear as a quasar to some distant galaxy.
We may have in the past, and may again in the future.
In 10 billion years or so, when the Milky way collides with Andromeda, our supermassive black hole may roar to life as a quasar, consuming all this new material.

Quasars - From the Milky Way to the Edge of the Universe | Curtin University

Presented by Professor Ron Ekers, this inspiring presentation delves into the discovery of the first quasar, 3C273 on March 16th 1963. A joint effort between Australia and the USA, which led to the discovery of Quasars and fundamentally shifted our thinking about the Universe. This is a fascinating story of scientific debate, monumental leaps in knowledge, and global cooperation.
Professor Ekers speaks about what we've learned over the past 50 years of peering into space and where we might go next with telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array.
About Professor Ekers:
Professor Ekers has worked with some of the world's most renowned astronomers at some of the top University's and Observatories including Cal Tech and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in New Mexico.
He was elected a Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science, a Foreign Member of the Royal Dutch Academy of Science, a Foreign Member of the American Philosophical Society and a Fellow of the Royal Society. He's a past President of the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and a member of the Advisory Board for the Peter Gruber Foundation Cosmology Prize.
Excited? Explore more here!
http://science.curtin.edu.au/outreach
http://science.curtin.edu.au/

Best of 2013: Planets & Stars Size Comparison

Comparison of planets in our Solar System, and our Sun and stars throughout the universe.
NOTE: The scaling is not accurate in this video, and the last two stars are fake. Don't complain about it in the comments, just watch my new three part series that has no errors. Links are listed below.
Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VJgN3UGyF8&t=3s
Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXHp9U5I-xo&t=2s
Part 3: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sh_t645ntOs&t=1s

From ESO-Cast and the European Southern Observatory. Astronomers have discovered the most distant quasar found to date. This brilliant beacon, powered by a black hole with a mass two billion times that of the Sun, is by far the brightest object yet discovered in the early Universe.
Quasars are extremely bright, distant galaxies thought to be powered by supermassive black holes at their centers. These powerful beacons may help astronomers to probe the era when the first stars and galaxies were forming.
The quasar that has just been found is seen as it was only 770 million years after the Big Bang, at redshift 7.1. It took 12.9 billion years for its light to reach us.
Although more distant objects have been confirmed, such as a gamma-ray burst at redshift 8.2, and a galaxy at redshift 8.6, the newly discovered quasar is hundreds of times brighter than these. Among any other object bright enough to be studied in detail, this is the most distant by a large margin.
The next most-distant quasar is seen as it was 870 million years after the Big Bang (redshift 6.4). Similar objects further away cannot be found in visible-light surveys because their light, stretched by the expansion of the Universe, falls mostly in the infrared part of the spectrum by the time it gets to Earth. The European UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) which uses the UK's dedicated infrared telescope in Hawaii was designed to solve this problem. The team of astronomers hunted through millions of objects in this database to find those that could be the long-sought distant quasars, and eventually struck gold.
It took astronomers five years to find this quasar. Its distance was determined from observations made with ESO's Very Large Telescope (VLT) and instruments on the Gemini North Telescope. Because the object is comparatively bright it is possible to take a spectrum of it (which involves splitting the light from the object into its component colors). This technique allowed the astronomers to find out quite a lot about the quasar.
These observations showed that the mass of the black hole at the center of the quasar is about two billion times that of the Sun. This very high mass is hard to explain so early on after the Big Bang. Current theories for the growth of supermassive black holes predict a slow build-up in mass as the compact object pulls in matter from its surroundings.

Quasars. Created by Sal Khan.
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosmology-and-astronomy/stellar-life-topic/quasars/v/quasar-correction?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=cosmologystronomy
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/science/cosmology-and-astronomy/stellar-life-topic/stellar-life-death-tutorial/v/supermassive-black-holes?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=cosmologystronomy
Cosmology & Astronomy on Khan Academy: The Earth is huge, but it is tiny compared to the Sun (which is super huge). But the Sun is tiny compared to the solar system which is tiny compared to the distance to the next star. Oh, did we mention that there are over 100 billion stars in our galaxy (which is about 100,000 light years in diameter) which is one of hundreds of billions of galaxies in just the observable universe (which might be infinite for all we know). Don't feel small. We find it liberating. Your everyday human stresses are nothing compared to this enormity that we are a part of. Enjoy the fact that we get to be part of this vastness!
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
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Quasars

An overload of hot gas falling into a black hole causes huge jets of energy known as quasars, a phenomenon so bright that they can out shine an entire galaxy. Watch the series - Mondays at 9PM on Discovery UK

3D Animation Galaxy (Quasar) rotating

3D Animation of Galaxy (Quasar) rotating with a cluster of stars and a jet to the center.

Watch the talented Reggie Watts perform at the Exploratorium August 9th, 2012. Reggie was at the Exploratorium for an Osher Fellowship, and he graciously joined us at the end of a live webcast on Mars to share a little of his own feelings about the red planet!

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