Ceftriaxone Sodium is an antibiotic, a third-generation cephalosporin. It has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria and expanded Gram-negative coverage. lt is useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections, includeing ear infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, and meningitis and so on. It is used preoperatively to reduce the risk of postoperative infections. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by means of binding to the penicillin-binding proteins. It is a stimulator of EAAT2 expression with neuroprotective effects in both in vitro and in vivo models, which is based in part on its ability to inhibit neuronal cell death by glutamate excitotoxicity. It may have potential to manipulate glutamate transmission and ameliorate neurotoxicity. It is administered by intravenous or intramuscular injection.

Ceftriaxone Sodium is useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. It is used preoperatively to reduce the risk of postoperative infections. It inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by means of binding to the penicillin-binding proteins. It is a stimulator of EAAT2 expression with neuroprotective effects in both in vitro and in vivo models, which is based in part on its ability to inhibit neuronal cell death by glutamate excitotoxicity. It may have potential to manipulate glutamate transmission and ameliorate neurotoxicity.

A 54-year-old man presented with fever, vomiting, jaundice and conjunctival injection. These clinical signs, together with the presence of mild inflammation, hepatitis and severe acute kidney injury, lead to the suspicion of leptospirosis. Infection was serologically confirmed and treatment with ceftriaxone and intermittent haemodialysis was followed by rapid clinical and biochemical recovery. Worldwide, leptospirosis is an emerging pathogen as a result of overpopulation and flooding, but due to increasing tourism also in other regions. In Belgium, clinicians must be aware of endemic as well as imported cases of leptospirosis and differentiate them from hantavirus infections. Leptospirosis is a zoonosis that is transmitted through the urine of chronically colonized animals, mainly rats. Infection can be asymptomatic, present as a mild inflammatory syndrome or cause a severe icterohaemorrhagic disease with multiple organ failure and a high mortality rate.

2.Synthetic cathinone MDPV downregulates glutamate transporter subtype I (GLT-1) and produces rewarding and locomotor-activating effects that are reduced by a GLT-1 activator.

Synthetic cathinones produce dysregulation of monoamine systems, but their effects on the glutamate system and the influence of glutamate on behavioral effects related to cathinone abuse are unknown. A principal regulator of glutamate homeostasis is glutamate transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1), an astrocytic protein that clears glutamate from the extracellular space and influences behavioral effects of established psychostimulants. We hypothesized that repeated administration of the synthetic cathinone, MDPV (3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone), would affect GLT-1 expression in the corticolimbic circuit, and that a GLT-1 activator (ceftriaxone, CTX) would reduce rewarding and locomotor-stimulant effects of MDPV in rats. GLT-1 protein expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), but not prefrontal cortex (PFC), was decreased following withdrawal (2, 5 and 10 days) from repeated MDPV treatment, but not immediately after the last MDPV injection. CTX (200 mg/kg) pretreatment did not affect acute locomotor activation produced by MDPV (0.

3.Ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone alter cytokine responses, but not Toll-like receptors, to Salmonella infection in vitro.

OBJECTIVES: Antibiotics that enhance host natural defences to infection offer an alternative approach to treating infections. However, mechanisms underlying such processes are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of two antibiotics on bacterial interactions with murine macrophages.