Neck Sprain

Definition

A neck sprain is stretching or tearing of the ligaments of the neck. Ligaments are strong bands of tissue that cross joints and connect bones to each other. They help stabilize joints, including the neck.

Causes

Ligaments normally stretch as the joints move. A sprain is caused by a force that makes a ligament stretch farther than it should. The force is usually the result of an accident or trauma. Some forces can cause tears in the ligament tissue.

Risk Factors

Factors that may increase your chance of getting a neck sprain include:

Being in a car accident

Assaults with a blow to the head

Sporting events that include full contact at high velocity

Hard fall

Occupations that put you at risk for severe falls or car accidents

Symptoms

Neck sprain may cause:

Neck pain that gets worse with movement, especially in the back of the neck

Shoulder pain and muscle spasms

Tingling sensations or weakness in the arms

Headache, especially in the back of the head

Difficulty sleeping

Fatigue

Trouble concentrating

Irritability

Stiffness and difficulty moving the head in one or more direction

Diagnosis

The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and how you injured your neck. A physical exam will be done. Your doctor will check the stability of your neck and look for any nerve damage.

Images of bones and soft tissue may be needed to look for other potential injuries such as dislocated spinal discs or fractures. The doctor may also need to rule out other causes of neck pain such as
arthritis
or disc disease. Imaging tests may include:

Treatment

Treatment includes:

Acute Care

Rest

Your neck will need time to heal but strict rest is rarely necessary. For most, you should continue to move your neck as long as it does not increase pain. Go about your normal activities as much as you can tolerate.

Ice and Heat

Ice may help decrease swelling and pain in the first few days after the injury. Do not apply the ice directly to your skin to avoid injuring your skin.

After a couple of days heat may help loosen tight or injured muscles. Wait for swelling to go away before using heat therapy.

Medications

Medication can help to relieve discomfort and swelling. Medications may include:

Over-the-counter pain medication, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, or acetaminophen

Topical pain medication—creams or patches that are applied to the skin

Prescription pain relievers

Muscle relaxants

Note:
Aspirin is not recommended for children with a current or recent viral infection. Check with your doctor before giving your child aspirin.

Recovery

Therapy may be needed for severe sprains. Some therapeutic methods include:

Cervical traction—a special technique to stretch the neck and reduce muscle spasm

Revision Information

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.