Environmental taxation and EU environmental policieshttp://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environmental-taxation-and-eu-environmental-policies
This report does three things. It provides an overview
of market‑based instruments (MBIs) established by
EU environmental legislation. Then it explains the
established definitions and rationales for the application
of environmental taxes and discusses their current
design and application in EEA member countries. It
concludes with overall findings and some reflections
on the potential for long-term tax-shifting programmes
in the context of policy targets as well as technological
innovation and demographic changes.No publishergreen taxestaxationenvironmental tax reformenvironmental taxesenvironmental policyeumarket-based instrumentslabour taxeslow carbon economy2016/09/06 08:00:00 GMT+1PublicationEnvironment and climate policy evaluationhttp://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/environment-and-climate-policy-evaluation
The intended audience of this European Environment
Agency (EEA) publication is the professional
environmental evaluation community, that is,
evaluators of European environment and climate
policies, the EEA's networks and interested evaluation
professionals, including those that are active in the
European Environmental Evaluators Network (EEEN).
The publication aims to facilitate a dialogue on policy
evaluation, by clearly setting out the EEA's views on
some of the challenges that evaluators encounter in the
areas of environment and climate policy.No publisherenvironmental policy2016/09/05 08:12:46 GMT+1PublicationCommunication tools can foster greener behaviourhttp://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/communication-tools-can-foster-greener-behaviour
Communication has a key role in supporting the implementation of environmental legislation, spurring public participation and can help foster environment-friendly behaviours to build a sustainable future. A European Environment Agency (EEA) study published today explores how communication can support legal and economic policy tools.The EEA report ‘Communication, environment and behaviour,’ acknowledges that integrating communication in environmental policy processes could improve implementation of legislation and ultimately contribute to facilitating a transition to a resource-efficient, green economy. Used alongside other policy tools, communication can prove to be a very effective — and in many cases, cost-efficient — policy tool.

Effective communication approaches can lead to higher trust in public institutions and can enhance public engagement in environmental decision-making. A better understanding of behaviour can help improve communication by public authorities and induce people to make more environment friendly choices.

Building public trust and support is essential to the success of European environmental policies, including the European Union’s long-term objective of living well within the limits of our planet — which involves building a sustainable, low-carbon economy by 2050. The ambitious objective will require a large scale societal transition and behaviour changes.

The study, which draws on communication experiences and best practices used by the network of communicators in environmental protection agencies across Europe, explores the role of communication in environmental policy, identifies emerging tools and approaches to communicate policy messages, and looks at recent research in behavioural science to assess how it can assist in communicating environmental policies. The study also includes a set of recommendations on how public policy communication can be improved for more effective results on the ground.

]]>No publishercommunicationcommunication and environmentenvironmental policy2016/06/14 08:40:00 GMT+1NewsCommunication, environment and behaviourhttp://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/communication-environment-and-behaviour
A scoping study on the links between public communication, environment policy implementation and behavioural science. In its Multiannual Work Programme
2014-2018, the EEA highlights the need for a transition towards a more
sustainable society, fully aligned with the European Union’s 7th Environment
Action Programme. This study explores - and aims to develop - the role
of public communication to improve the implementation of environmental
legislation and to contribute to this debate by bringing communications, environment and behaviour closer. It draws from other EEA work, in particular on consumption and policy evaluation where relevant.No publishersustainabilitytransitionsgreen economyenvironmental policyconsumer behaviour2016/06/14 08:35:00 GMT+1Publication5th European Environmental Evaluators Network Forum: Evaluation for better regulation in environment and climate policies – Lessons from research and practicehttp://www.eea.europa.eu/themes/policy/events/5th-european-environmental-evaluators-network
Practitioners and users of environmental evaluation, such as evaluators in consultancies, academics and European or national policy-makers, participated in the 5th European Environmental Evaluators Network Forum (2016 EEEN Forum).

Programme

Themes

The 2016 EEEN Forum identified contributions, opportunities and lessons from evaluation research and practice to support better regulation in environment and climate policies. The Forum brought together a wide range of actors and provide a platform for exchange of knowledge, ideas and experiences. Contributions addressed:

Environment-related pressures and risks to health and well-being. Examples: evaluations of policies in the areas of air, waste, and health.

How evaluations are done in a better regulation context. This included, for example, submissions on how to improve evaluative knowledge for better regulation in environment and climate policies. Other contributions considered the communication, relevance and impact of evaluations, as well as at the institutional evaluation set-up at national level.

Agenda

Event material

Contact

If you have any questions about the event, please do not hesitate to contact us.

Background

The purpose of the international Environmental Evaluators Network (EEN) is to advance the practice, policy and theory of evaluating environmental programmes, policies and other interventions. Since 2012, the European Environmental Evaluators’ Network (EEEN) has been organising forums to promote more systematic and collective learning in these areas.

The EEEN Advisory Group

Andrew Farmer - Institute for European Environmental Policy

Andrew Pullin - Collaboration for Environmental Evidence

Claudio Marcantonini - European University Institute

Eeva Primmer - Finnish Environment Institute

Kris Bachus - University of Leuven

Lisa Eriksson - Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

Marleen Van Steertegem - Flemish Environment Agency

Matt Keene - US Environmental Protection Agency

Matthias Duwe - Ecologic Institute

Odile Heddebaut - IFSTTAR

Paula Kivimaa - University of Sussex & Finnish Environment Institute

Previous EEEN Forums

]]>No publisherpolicy evaluationenvironmental policyevents2016/03/14 16:20:00 GMT+1PageKey provider of environmental knowledge in Europehttp://www.eea.europa.eu/media/audiovisuals/key-provider-of-environmental-knowledge/view
The EEA is the key knowledge provider on Europe’s environment for those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy in Europe. Our task is to provide impartial, sound, timely and reliable data and knowledge on Europe’s environment.No publishereeaenvironmental policyenvironmental knowledge2015/11/30 11:50:00 GMT+1VideoA strong environment as the basis for Europe's future economyhttp://www.eea.europa.eu/articles/a-strong-environment-as-the
Europe selected its new policy makers. They will need to address not only today's challenges but also set in motion policies that will affect Europeans well beyond their five-year mandate. What do they need to do today to make sure that Europeans live well in the future? By taking action at the EU level and tackling environment and climate issues, EU policy makers can actually revive the economy and guarantee our long-term well-being.Our economy, quality of life and health all depend on a healthy environment and a stable climate. To this end, the European Union and its Member States have adopted an extensive set of environmental legislation. Some of the results are very positive and encouraging: concentrations of a number of air pollutants decreased significantly, greenhouse gas emissions went down despite economic growth. Other results are more mixed, and much still remains to be addressed both in the EU and globally.

Environment does not stop at borders

Many of the environmental problems we observe today can be linked to the way we use resources in Europe and globally. And climate change often exerts additional pressure. Even in the case of a localised summer ozone episode, the affected area might be only partly responsible. Pollutants might have been released in another country, or even another continent, while producing consumer goods for export to meet the global demand. Certain climatic conditions contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, which then affect our health and the environment. Healthy life years are lost, medical costs go up, agricultural yields suffer…

It is also clear that air pollution or pollution in rivers can hardly be tackled by one country. Chemicals released upstream pursue their journey downstream, affecting the people and the economy along their way. Floods affect European river basins stretching over several countries.

Given the cross-border nature of environment and climate, the most effective solutions are the ones built on a strong guidance at EU level with clear targets and measures, and well-established institutions and instruments that stimulate cooperation. A clear policy vision outlined by EU policy makers and implemented by Member States does not only improve Europe’s environment, but often also enables the EU to inspire other countries and to have a greater impact globally on environment and climate issues.

But tackling environment and climate problems can also strengthen our economy.

Focusing on Europe’s highly skilled work force

Our economic recovery from the 2008 downturn is still very frail. Although some might perceive climate and environmental concerns and legislation as obstacles to recovery, they actually provide us an opportunity to address structural weaknesses inherent in our economy and boost competitiveness.

We need to acknowledge where our strengths are. And Europe’s economic strength does not lie in low labour costs or access to abundant and cheap natural resources. On the contrary, Europe has a highly skilled workforce and its economy relies on importing raw materials from the rest of the world. For some sectors such as energy, our dependence on imports risks severely undermining the economy.

In this context, our economic model needs to focus on our strengths while compensating for our weaknesses. In other words, investing in eco-innovation and new technologies can facilitate our transition to a green economy, reap the benefits of first-mover advantage and create jobs that cannot easily be relocated. For instance, energy efficiency and renewable energy sectors would create engineering jobs not only for start-up and operational phases, but also for maintenance.

Improving quality of life

We do not have to live in cities with high levels of air pollution or traffic jams. We can build cities that offer a good quality of life to their residents, clean air, green spaces, sustainable and easily accessible public transport systems, offices and homes built with latest energy-efficiency technologies.

This requires integrating the ‘green economy thinking’ into all our policies and measures from urban planning, green infrastructure, transport and energy infrastructure, agriculture, waste management, product design, to education and research. A transition to green economy is the only viable way to ensure our long-term well-being and EU policy makers are in a unique position to guide and facilitate this transition.

Knowledge supports policy making

Our role at the European Environment Agency is to contribute to the knowledge base needed for supporting policy making in Europe. We work very closely with our partners in the European Environmental Information and Observation Network (Eionet) from 39 European countries. We bring together data and knowledge at all levels, assess the state of the environment and the trends affecting it. We look into a wide range of environmental topics, including transport, energy, natural capital, resource efficiency, waste, biodiversity, climate vulnerability, environmental taxes, urban systems and land use.

We hope that our knowledge base, including our upcoming assessment ‘European State of the Environment and Outlook Report 2015’ (SOER2015), will assist policy makers across Europe to make choices that improve our economy, protect and strengthen ecosystems and for a solid basis for the well-being of European citizens.

]]>No publishereurope 2020transitionsgreen economyenvironmental policy2014/09/12 14:25:00 GMT+1ArticleDigest of EEA indicators 2014http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/digest-of-eea-indicators-2014
This report provides a comprehensive yet accessible guide to EEA indicators. It acts as a reference document providing an overview of EEA indicators, placing them in the context of the wider landscape of European environmental indicators. The report highlights the insights that indicators can provide on progress against environmental priorities. In summary, this report explains ‘what we have, why we have it and how it can be used’. No publisherindicatorsevaluationenvironmental trendscsienvironmental policy2014/06/02 11:10:00 GMT+1PublicationObjectives and targets of EU environmental policies by sector and yearhttp://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/objectives-and-targets-of-eu
No publishertargetenvironmental policy2014/05/26 09:25:00 GMT+1Data VisualizationTowards a green economy in Europe - EU environmental policy targets and objectives 2010 -2050http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/towards-a-green-economy-in-europe
The 'green economy' has emerged as a priority in policy debate in recent years. But what does the concept mean in practice and how can decision-makers measure progress towards this strategic goal? This report provides some answers, presenting a detailed overview of the key objectives and targets in EU environmental policy and legislation for the period 2010 2050. It focuses on selected environmental and resource policy areas, specifically: energy; greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and ozone-depleting substances; air quality and air pollution; transport sector emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants; waste; water; sustainable consumption and production (SCP); chemicals; biodiversity and land use.No publishergreen economypolicy evaluationenvironmental policy2013/07/24 11:35:00 GMT+1PublicationEU‑27 MSW landfilled and the objective of 'near zero landfill' in 2020http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/eu27-msw-landfilled-and-the
The figure shows the development of MSW landfilled in EU-27 in relation to 2020 objectiveNo publisherCopyright European Union
Except where otherwise stated, downloading and reproduction of Eurostat data/documents for personal use or for further non-commercial or commercial dissemination are authorised provided appropriate acknowledgement is given to Eurostat as the source, and subject to the exceptions/conditions hereinafter specified.
Read more:
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/about_eurostat/policies/copyright_licence_policywaste generationwaste disposalenvironmental policyghg emission targetswaste policies2013/07/10 08:34:58 GMT+1FigureEU‑27 air pollutant emission trends and the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (TSAP) objectives for 2020 — sulphur oxides (SOX)http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/eu27-air-pollutant-emission-trends-4
The figure shows the trends for air pollution - sulphur oxides (SOX)No publisherEEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA).environmental policyghg emission targets2013/07/10 08:31:12 GMT+1FigureEU‑27 air pollutant emission trends and the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (TSAP) objectives for 2020 — nitrogen oxides (NOX)http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/eu27-air-pollutant-emission-trends-2
The figure shows the trends for air pollution - NoxNo publisherEEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA).environmental policyghg emission targets2013/07/10 08:29:34 GMT+1FigureEU‑27 air pollutant emission trends and the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (TSAP) objectives for 2020 — non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC)http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/eu27-air-pollutant-emission-trends-1
The figure shows the trends for air pollution - NMVOCsNo publisherEEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA).environmental policyghg emission targets2013/07/10 08:28:59 GMT+1FigureEU‑27 air pollutant emission trends and the Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution (TSAP) objectives for 2020 — ammonia (NH3)http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/eu27-air-pollutant-emission-trends
The figure shows the trends for air pollution - NH3No publisherEEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA).environmental policyghg emission targets2013/07/10 08:28:11 GMT+1FigurePrimary energy consumption and the 2020 objectivehttp://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/primary-energy-consumption-and-the
The figure shows development of primary energy consumption and predicton of future consumption No publisherCopyright European Union
Except where otherwise stated, downloading and reproduction of Eurostat data/documents for personal use or for further non-commercial or commercial dissemination are authorised provided appropriate acknowledgement is given to Eurostat as the source, and subject to the exceptions/conditions hereinafter specified.
Read more:
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/about_eurostat/policies/copyright_licence_policyenergy consumptionenvironmental policyghg emission targets2013/07/10 08:27:39 GMT+1FigureNon-binding objectives in EU environmental policies, by sector and yearhttp://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/non-binding-objectives-in-eu
Overview of non-binding targets in EU environmental policies No publisherEEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA).environmental policyghg emission targets2013/07/10 08:24:43 GMT+1FigureBinding targets in EU environmental policies, by sector and yearhttp://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/binding-targets-in-eu-environmental
overview of binding targets in EU environmental policies No publisherEEA standard re-use policy: unless otherwise indicated, re-use of content on the EEA website for commercial or non-commercial purposes is permitted free of charge, provided that the source is acknowledged (http://www.eea.europa.eu/legal/copyright). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA).environmental policyghg emission targets2013/07/10 08:23:41 GMT+1FigureA general introduction to the EEA – Who we arehttp://www.eea.europa.eu/media/audiovisuals/eea-what-is-the-eea/view
A short video on the role of the European Environment Agency (EEA) and its mission. An agency of the European Union, EEA’s task is to provide sound, independent information on the environment. It is a major information source for those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy, and also the general public. Currently, the EEA has 32 member countries.No publishereea target audienceeea roleenvironmental policycorporate communicationeu legislation2012/02/16 11:00:00 GMT+1FileBuilding better environmental policy by looking into the futurehttp://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/building-better-environmental-policy-by
As we prepare for a future yet unwritten, a cascade of uncertainty presents itself - the future structure of our society and economies is uncertain; the environmental changes that may result are uncertain; and how we might react or adapt to such environmental changes is also uncertain. Against the backdrop of these and many other uncertainties, long-term analysis can help create more robust environmental policy and the space for innovative thinking. A new report from the European Environment Agency (EEA), entitled ‘BLOSSOM – Bridging long-term scenario and strategy analysis: organisation and methods’ summarises the results of a three-year project, that examined to what extent foresight studies underpinned environmental policies in 12 EU Member States. It shows several successful examples of how European countries are giving increasing attention to using long term approaches, such as scenario building, when formulating environmental policies.

The natural environment though is very complex and problems often develop slowly over time. As policy makers look further into the future, uncertainties multiply, and the possibility grows of unexpected surprise events. At the same time, electoral cycles are short, so longer term objectives are often ignored and short-term objectives may be prioritised, particularly when there is a lot of pressure to do so from external organisations and lobbyists.

Some countries have attempted to address these challenges by setting up new institutional arrangements. For example, Portugal has integrated the Department for Foresight and Planning (DPP) in the Ministry responsible for Environmental Affairs, while the Finnish government has created the Parliament Committee for the Future and the Government foresight report.

The report notes the environment public sector is increasing its capacity for futures thinking and striving to make futures studies more relevant in policy. Governments in Europe - and beyond - could also go further in exchanging information on their approaches. A network on futures thinking in environmental policy could help national governments strengthen their work, the report says.

]]>No publisherpolicy integrationenvironmental policy2011/10/21 13:00:00 GMT+1NewsChanging environmental governance in a changing worldhttp://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/changing-environmental-governance-in-a
Climate change, growing consumption and urbanisation, spiralling resource use and new health risks are just some of the global pressures the world will face in the 21st Century. These are the findings from the Assessment of Global Megatrends, launched in November 2010 as part of the State and Outlook of the European Environment Report (SOER) and now published in a new book version.Changing environmental politics

It describes how non-state actors such as multinational corporations (MNCs), non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and scientific organisations are increasingly involved in global governance.

These relatively new actors are now take part in formulating, negotiating and implementing policy at local, regional and global levels. Evidence of this change can be seen in the number of NGOs holding advisory status to the UN Economic and Social Council, which has increased constantly from approximately 700 in 1992 to almost 3,200 now.

Jacqueline McGlade, Executive Director of the EEA, said: “The involvement of NGOs and other non-state actors in governance has increased dramatically over the last few decades. One of the main discussion points at next year’s Rio 2012 sustainable development summit will be environmental governance, and we expect the model of multi-level, multi-stakeholder governance pioneered within the EU to be increasingly important globally.

“All kinds of organisations should be involved in environmental protection, particularly as environmental problems become more complex and interlinked. However, this change in the nature of governance also brings new challenges, regarding the sources of evidence used in policy-making.”

New challenges on the horizon

Resource shortages – the EU has identified 14 materials which may be critical over the next 10 years, as resources within the EU are limited. They include several which are essential for hi-tech applications, such as gallium (used in photovoltaics and microchips), tantalum (microelectronic capacitors), germanium (fibre glass cables) and neodymium (high performance magnets). Another critical element is phosphorus, which is needed for manufacturing fertiliser. Many of these materials are only found in a handful of countries, potentially triggering political disputes.

Human capital and quality of life– the populations of most countries will age significantly over coming years, demanding structural societal responses, to adapt to changes such as a shrinking workforce. Nonetheless, many developing countries will have substantial youth bulges in the short term. These demographic differences across the world, combined with growing economic and health disparities and climate change, are an increasing driver of migration.

Technology is changing at an exponential rate, driving an “accelerating race into the unknown”. Innovation is of key importance for the environment, but environmental and health risks need to be regulated and managed appropriately. One example of this change is reflected in the growing number of patents in emerging economies. In addition, the mass adoption of new technologies is shortening. The telephone was invented 35 years before it was adopted by a quarter of the US population. This period is becoming shorter – the CD achieved the same widespread use within 12 years, and the Internet only seven years.

Pollution is no longer a local or regional issue. Recently a plume of particulate matter-rich pollution was detected over Europe, where it had traveled from Asia across the Pacific, North America and the North Atlantic in only eight to 10 days. These atmospheric ‘brown clouds’ are predicted to increase, particularly across Asia. Chemicals burden to environment and human is rapidly expanding with effects which are poorly understood.

These are some of the contributions from the EEA towards the ongoing preparation for the Rio 2012 global conference on sustainable development, which will focus on the linked aims of creating a green economy and global environmental governance.

]]>No publishernon-state actorsglobal governanceglobal megatrendsgovernanceEnvironmental policyresourcespollution2011/07/22 10:00:00 GMT+1NewsUsing resources more efficiently: Green Week 2011 http://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/using-resources-more-efficiently-green
Rethinking the way we use and manage resources is the subject of this year's Green Week, the European Commission's annual conference on environmental policy from 24-27 May, 2011. Experts from the European Environment Agency (EEA) will be at Green Week in Brussels to take part in the debate on resource efficiency and provide the latest data in the accompanying exhibition. The EEA is coordinating a debate on resource efficiency indicators, co-organised by the European Commission and Eurostat.

Today Europe, like much of the industrialised world, is faced with a complex problem. Our economies depend on a continuous flow of raw materials which we no longer can take for granted. In addition, this rapid consumption of resources damages the environment and produces waste. So in an increasingly populated and resource-hungry world, efficient use of limited resources is more important than ever.

Resources under pressure include non-renewable substances, such as metals, fossil fuels, chemicals and other minerals. Although other kinds of resources may be considered 'renewable', including clean water, air, animals and plant life, there are limits to the rate at which natural systems can regenerate these materials. In this way, resource efficiency cuts across traditional boundaries between environmental and economic ideas, exposing constraints and opportunities.

The EEA recently released its State and Outlook Report (SOER) 2010, which showed how accelerating resource use could lead to environmental degradation, conflict and economic disaster.

On average, Europeans use about 16 tonnes of material resources per year. Most predictions foresee continued growth in the use of material resources both in the EU and globally. Europe's demand has long exceeded its ability to generate the resources it uses. Today, 20 - 30 % of resources used are imported, and Europe's open economy relies heavily on imported raw materials, especially metals and fossil fuels. While some progress has been made in reducing the impact of this high resource consumption, such efficiency gains are wiped out by ever-higher demand for goods and services.

Green Week has established itself as the leading conference on EU environmental policy, attracting participants from government, business, non-governmental organisations, academia and the media.

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