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Project Objectives Reduce health risks of exposure to hazardous materials among local population Protect groundwater from further contamination Reclaim land for redevelopment

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Location and Site Characteristics Project location: a large oil field (5000 ha) on a coastal river delta. Oil field active for 50 years, now in decline

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Location and Site Characteristics (cont.) Most oil wells have ceased to operate but all infrastructure and equipment remain in place (above and below ground). Pools of water and soil contaminated with hydrocarbons and by- products including Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) Some areas highly contaminated, some moderate to low level No natural vegetation or wildife

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Location and Site Characteristics (cont) Surface water from oil field drains into a collector which goes from nearby industrial area to Seaside Waste Water Treatment Plant (primary treatment) SWWT plant was built in 1970, operates at about 30% capacity with regular break-downs Effluent from SWWT plant empties into the Great Blue Sea

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Location and site characteristics (cont.) Scattered villages have grown on less contaminated areas over past 20 years (illegal occupants)

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Location and Site Characteristics (cont.) Site includes remains of a defunct plant for extracting iodine from oil production water by passing it through charcoal. Plant site (3 ha) is partially covered with charcoal heaps containing low- level radiation (Radium-Bearing Long-Lived Low-Level Waste – LLW- LW)*,heavy metals; mixed with bricks and other debris Asbestos and polyethelyne water pipes coated with radioactive scale & silt Remaining plant infrastructure and grounds are also contaminated * Also characterized as Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (TENORM)

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An large artificial lake for storage of produced water prior to iodine extraction; numerous pools of oil and radiation-contaminated water scattered across the area. Location and Site Characteristics (cont.)

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50 squatter families have occupied site for several years, living in illegally constructed shacks, scavenging building materials and charcoal for heating/cooking About 200 Waste Pickers from surrounding villages obtain extra income by collecting and selling charcoal and building materials from the site

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Component A Activities (TENORM disposal facility) Detailed site investigations & facility design Excavation and construction of reinforced subsurface concrete shelter (100,000 m 3 –sufficient for all materials from iodine plant site + spare capacity + options for expansion) Cover shelter with soil Construction of service facilities (toilet, electricity, etc.) Construction of steel net fence and gate Construction of road (4 m wide, 700 m long) from highway to facility entrance Develop/implement environmental monitoring plan New facility will be located adjacent to existing High Level Radioactive Waste disposal facility, built to EU & IAEA standards. Existing HLRW facility is operated by Plutovia Radium Corporation, under contract to Ministry of Industry and Energy, under oversight by Ministry of Environment in collaboration with International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). New facility will be operated by same company under same arrangement

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Component B: soil-washing subcomponent Oil-contaminated soil is: –dug out, –mixed with water to form a slurry –washed using detergents –left to settle (oily water siphoned off) –Returned to original location

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From EIA: Potential Environmental Impacts of the Project – Operational Stage TENORM facility –Leaching of radioactive and other wastes to groundwater –Upward percolation of radioactive and chemical contaminants –Air contamination through inadequate disposal of radioactive material –Incompletely cleaned water channeled to industrial collector/ sea outfall –Explosion from damage to subsurface oil & gas infrastructure –Accidental spills during transport or disposal of hazardous materials –Explosion/fire at disposal facility or offices Remediated sites –Residual radioactive, oil or other contamination in soil or water –Soil erosion from wind –Physical hazards and wastes from uncontrolled development (residential, business)

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Group Task: Prepare Environmental Management Plan Focus on potential impacts of project activities (not general site hazards) For any component or all components Mitigation actions should be specific and monitorable Get as far as you can (not expected to complete whole EMP)