The response of five Iranian wheat cultivars and four segregating F₃ wheat lines was investigated in anther culture system for haploid plantlet regeneration. Anthers were plated onto P₄ induction medium and cold and gamma irradiation were also applied to study their effect on initiation of calli and regeneration of plantlets. Significant differences were found between genotypes. Most of the segregating lines showed high response to anther culture than cultivars. The high calli and plantlets production in segregating lines may be attributed to heterosis effect. Gamma irradiation in wheat anther culture does not promote anther culture response. The results showed significant difference between genotypes and gamma irradiation. The line of F32005 with 4 Gy dose (without cold pretreatment) produced the highest amount of calli (52%) per 100 anthers inoculated, whereas Red-Bofgi genotype (with cold treatment and 4 Gy dose) produced the lowest percentage of calli (0.25%). The results indicated that both the androgenic response and regeneration ability were greatly genotype dependent. It could be concluded that genotypic response to anther culture is vital.

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