Senate blocks measures to extend NSA program

Daily News Article — Posted on May 26, 2015

(by Ted Barrett, CNN) Washington — Opponents of the National Security Agency’s bulk collection of telephone data [conducted under the Patriot Act] successfully blocked multiple attempts in the Senate early Saturday morning to extend the expiring law [the Patriot Act] that authorizes the program.

The developments, coming in a rare overnight session, leave in doubt the ability of Congress to keep alive the Patriot Act program that many feel is essential to national security but has also alarmed privacy advocates for its sweeping nature.

First, the Senate blocked two separate measures. The first, a House-passed bill that would shift responsibility for holding data from the government to telecommunications companies, while also imposing stricter limitations on how authorities could access the information, failed in a 57-42 vote. The second measure was a two-month extension beyond the current law’s June 1 expiration date, which was voted down 54-45.

Kentucky Republican Sen. Rand Paul, who’s also seeking his party’s nomination for President, led the charge against the program, repeatedly objecting to requests from Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell to extend it by just a few days.

“We have entered into a momentous debate,” said Paul, who said he objected because his request for a guarantee of two amendments on a future bill dealing with the NSA program was denied. “This is a debate about whether a warrant with a single name of a single company can be used to collect all of the phone records of all of the people in our country with a single warrant. Our forefathers would be aghast.”

Later, standing on the floor in the hushed chamber, McConnell made repeated attempts to keep the law alive. The first was to extend the NSA’s authority to June 8, which was objected to by Paul. McConnell’s next attempt was to extend to June 5, which was objected to by Oregon Democratic Sen. Ron Wyden, an ally of Paul on the issue. An attempt by McConnell at a June 3 deadline was denied by Sen. Martin Heinrich, D-New Mexico. Finally, McConnell requested the program be extended until June 2, just one day after the law is set to expire, and Paul objected again.

Senators, who throughout the week generally thought a short-term extension would eventually be approved, appeared stunned by the swift exchanges between McConnell and the three opponents of the program. Gasps were audible.

An exasperated McConnell then took off his microphone and huddled with his leadership colleagues, searching for what to do next. After a few minutes, he returned to the podium and announced the Senate would adjourn and return to work a week from Sunday and try to find a way to keep the law in existence.

“We’ll be back on Sunday, May 31, one more opportunity to act responsibly to not allow this program to expire,” he said around 1:30 a.m. “This is a high-threat period. We know what’s going on overseas. We know what’s been tried here at home. My colleagues, do we really want this law to expire?”

By the time McConnell spoke, the visitors’ gallery was largely empty. But a small group of people, wearing brightly-colored “Stand with Rand” T-shirts, remained.

McConnell wasn’t the only senator who was frustrated with Paul’s tactics. Some senators privately grumbled about having to stay late as the Memorial Day weekend got underway, and Missouri Democratic Sen. Claire McCaskill tweeted that the Kentucky senator was using the moment to “grandstand.”

Later Saturday morning, New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie, a likely presidential candidate and a former U.S. attorney, blasted the Senate’s votes, and indirectly referenced Paul in his criticism.

“The Senate’s failure to extend the Patriot Act is a failure of the U.S. government to perform its most important function: protecting its citizens from harm,” Christie said. “This is the unfortunate result of misguided ideologues who have no real world experience in fighting terrorism putting their uninformed beliefs above the safety and security of our citizens. This dysfunction is what we have come to expect from Washington, D.C., but usually it does not have such dangerous and severe consequences.”

But in a fundraising email sent out Saturday morning — entitled “Last night I put NSA spying on life support” — the Kentucky senator trumpeted his actions.

“Fellow conservative,” Paul said in the email, “I stood up to the surveillance state every step of way.”

President Barack Obama has advocated for a renewal of the program, and an administration official told CNN Saturday that the White House’s outreach to the Senate extended “well into the night.” But with no agreement reached, the NSA is beginning to “wind down” the bulk collection program to comply in time with the June 1 sunset date, the official said.

“We have long made known that we would not seek to continue the program if the authorities expire,” the official added.

Reprinted here for educational purposes only. May not be reproduced on other websites without permission from CNN. For the original article, visit the CNN website.

Questions

PLEASE NOTE: Daily posting and “Answers” emails will end for the school year on Friday, May 29th.

1. The first paragraph of a news article should answer the questions who, what, where and when. List the who, what, where and when of this news item. (NOTE: The remainder of a news article provides details on the why and/or how.)

2. What are the main reasons people support or oppose the NSA's phone surveillance program?

3. What two measures did senators block the Senate from passing on Saturday?

5. Read about the NSA’s surveillance program, the NSA, FISA and FISC under “Background” below.
a) What is the purpose of the NSA (National Security Agency)?
b) Do you think the NSA needs the surveillance program to effectively protect Americans? Explain your answer.

6. a) Which leaders want the NSA surveillance program to continue?
b) Why does Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell say he will reconvene the Senate on Sunday, May 31?

7. Ask a parent if he/she supports or opposes the NSA surveillance program as necessary to preventing terrorist attacks.

CHALLENGE: How do the two senators from your state stand on the issue?

Background

History of the NSA surveillance program:

The NSA started setting up Internet intercepts well before 2001, former intelligence officials say. Run by NSA’s secretiveSpecial Services Office, these types of programs were at first designed to intercept communications overseas through arrangements with foreign Internet providers, the former officials say. NSA still has such arrangements in many countries, particularly in the Middle East and Europe, the former officials say.

Within NSA, former officials say, intelligence officers joked that the Blarney intercept program with AT&T was named in homage to the NSA program Shamrock, which intercepted telegraphic messages into and out of the U.S. and was an inspiration for the 1978 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), which created the secret national-security court and placed intelligence activities under its supervision.

Blarney was in use before the 2001 terror attacks, operating at or near key fiber-optic landing points in the U.S. to capture foreign communications coming in and out of the country. One example is an AT&T facility in San Francisco that was revealed in 2006 during the debate over warrantless wiretapping. A similar facility was built at an AT&T site in New Jersey, former officials say.

After the 2001 attacks, a former official says, these intercept systems were expanded to include key Internet networks within the U.S. through partnerships with U.S. Internet backbone providers. Amid fears of terrorist “sleeper cells” inside the U.S., the government under President George W. Bush also began redefining how much domestic data it could collect.

For the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, officials say, the Federal Bureau of Investigation and NSA arranged with Qwest Communications International Inc. to use intercept equipment for a period of less than six months around the time of the event. It monitored the content of all email and text communications in the Salt Lake City area.

At that point, the systems fed into the Bush administration’s program of warrantless wiretapping, which circumvented the surveillance court on the authority of the president’s power as commander in chief. The Bush administration came under criticism from lawmakers and civil libertarians for sidestepping court supervision. (from a 9/3/13 WSJ article "New Details Show Broader NSA Surveillance Reach")

The National Security Agency (NSA):

The National Security Agency (NSA) is the central producer and manager of signals intelligence for the U.S. [signals intelligence is the branch of military intelligence concerned with the monitoring, interception, and interpretation of radio signals, radar signals, and telemetry]

Estimated to be one of the largest of U.S. intelligence organizations in terms of personnel and budget, the NSA operates under the jurisdiction of the Department of Defense and reports to the Director of National Intelligence.

The NSA is primarily tasked with global monitoring, collection, decoding, translation and analysis of information and data for foreign intelligence and counterintelligence purposes.

The agency is authorized to accomplish its mission through clandestine means, among which is bugging electronic systems…

The NSA is also responsible for the protection of U.S. government communications and information systems.

The NSA Director, who is at least a lieutenant general or vice admiral, also serves as the Commander of the United States Cyber Command and Chief of the Central Security Service. (from wikipedia. Visit the NSA website at nsa.gov)

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA) is a United States law which prescribes procedures for the physical and electronic surveillance and collection of “foreign intelligence information” between “foreign powers” and “agents of foreign powers” (which may include American citizens and permanent residents suspected of espionage or terrorism). The Act was amended in 2001 by the USA PATRIOT Act, primarily to include terrorism on behalf of groups that are not specifically backed by a foreign government. The law has been repeatedly amended since the September 11 attacks. (from wikipedia)

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) :

The United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court(FISC, also called the FISA Court) is a U.S. federal court…enacted October 25, 1978. It was established by the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978(FISA).

FISA enabled the FISC to oversee requests for surveillance warrants by federal police agencies (primarily the F.B.I.) against suspected foreign intelligence agents inside the U.S. The court is located within the Department of Justice headquarters building. The court is staffed by eleven judges appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States to serve seven-year terms. The court hears evidence presented solely by the Department of Justice. There is no provision for a release of information regarding such hearings, or for the record of information actually collected. (from wikipedia)