Name_______ KEY ________________ 1. (10 pts) (a) What is Declarative Memory? Memory that can be expressed in words. (b) How is it different from Procedural Memory with respect to brain regions required and conscious awareness? Formation of declarative memories requires a functional hippocampus, and we are conscious of them. Procedural memories can be encoded without a functional hippocampus and are generally not available to conscious perception. 2. (20 pts) Consider the developing vertebrate neuromuscular junction. (a) What are the sources, binding partners, and roles of ACh? ACh is released from motoneuron terminals into the NMJ synaptic cleft, binds to muscle AChRs, and activates them to drive muscle contraction. It also controls the number of muscle AChRs by (a) inhibiting AChR synthesis, and (b) driving AChR endocytosis. (b) What are the sources, binding partners, and roles of agrin? Agrin is released from the motoneuron terminals into the NMJ where it binds to MuSK (muscle-specific tyrosine kinase, a receptor tyr kinase) which acts in the muscle to stabilize AChRs (prevents endocytosis) by complexing them with rapsyn. 3. (15 pts) For each of the following transmitters in the brain, briefly indicate where they are made in the neuron, how (and from where) they enter the synaptic space when released, and how their actions are terminated. (a)

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