Most birders do a standard circuit of Santa Cruz to La Paz, covering the old road and the new (Chapare) road to Cochabamba,and the Coroico road from La Paz, plus Trinidad for Blue-throated Macaw and Lake Titicaca (possibly with Sorata) . There are many other sites of course, most of which have not been adequately written up, although this is being rectified by Larry Rubey and Bennett Hennessey in "Birdfinding in Bolivia". These are the best sites I know something of:-

The 4 national parks are all excellent birding localtities but difficult to access – best done with a guide. The original old road to Cochabamba, beyond the Oilbird caves near Villa Tunari, used to be an accessible way into the periphery of Carrasco but it is now blocked to traffic, although could be done on foot. Security could be a problem though as this is a major coca-growing area.

I am in the slow process of writing up Beni Biological Station for Cotinga but thought it worthwhile to cover the other three sites here.

Apa-Apa Forest – abridged and amended from the forthcoming "Birdfinding in Bolivia"

Located just north of the town of Chulumani, this is one of the best sites in Bolivia for middle-montane Yungas species, and indeed the only site where Scimitar-winged Piha has been recently seen. Birding is best done from either the road that runs from San Cristobal, through the forest, to the village of San Isidro on the other side of the serrania or from Hacienda Portugal winding up into the forest. Fortunately, the San

Isidro road sees little traffic (one or two vehicles per day), while the Hacienda road eventually becomes a narrow track suitable only for pedestrians. From 2,150 meters, both roads climb to intersect the

summit at about 2,450m. The other side of the summit is significantly drier and descends into the village of San Isidro.

Logistics: Chulumani, a pleasant village in the Yungas, is on the South Yungas Road, less than four hours from La Paz. The easiest way to visit Apa-Apa is to contact Ramiro or Tilde Portugal (who own the forest) in Chulumani at 0811-6106. Tilde Portugal speaks English. The Portugal Hacienda is nestled in a valley below Apa-Apa and offers hiking trails into the forest. Accommodation is available at the Portugal Hacienda (limited number of rooms plus camping). A variety of hotels is also available in Chulumani – accessible by daily bus service from La Paz – see Lonely Planet. A good option is to back-track 13.2 miles to Puente Villa; turn right, cross the narrow bridge over the Unduavi River and follow the very narrow dirt track a kilometer or so to the lovely Hotel Tamampaya. The grounds offer decent birding, eg Band-tailed Fruiteater, and a double room is less than $30. Reservations - essential for holiday weekends - can be made at their office in La Paz: The "Centro de Moda" shopping center on Calle21 in Calacoto, tel. 796099.

If driving, take the Coroico road from La Paz. 22 miles after La Cumbre there is a fork: Coroico is straight on but take the right turn for Chulumani, the South Yungas road. After 43.2 miles on the South Yungas road the village of San Cristobal (1900m) is reached. At the plaza, instead of bearing right and continuing to Chulumani, bear left around the plaza, and make a sharp right turn at the street corner dominated by the pink church. Following the street uphill (on clay that turns very slippery when wet), the road forks in three directions after 100 meters or so. Take the central fork, keeping the houses on your immediate right, cross a soccer field and after 3.6 miles from the plaza the forest begins. A wider part of the road can be found at 4.3 miles where it is possible to park or even camp. The summit is reached at 5.4 miles. If planning to go straight there by the Chulumani bus from La Paz, ask to be dropped off at San Cristobal.

Inquisivi

This is where Bolivian Spinetail was first discovered by Sjoerd Mayer in 1993 – see Cotinga 11, p 71-73. There is at least one bus a day from the main terminal in La Paz, leaving at 08.00 and arriving early afternoon. It comes back through the town late evening, and stops for an hour or more on the cold altiplano outside La Paz so it gets back to the terminal at perhaps 07.00. There are a couple of non-obvious guest-houses in Inquisivi and simple restaurants.

A road winds down the hillside from the town to the river well below and a path goes straight down, crossing the road several times. A long water-pipe is apparent about two-thirds of the way down, with dry forest nearby (at 2300m), holding a good population of the Spinetail. Other species around here include

Rusty-vented Canastero, Striped Woodpecker, White-vented Violetear, Olive-crowned Crescentchest, Yellow-billed Tit-Tyrant and Ringed Warbling-Finch. Flocks of Green-cheeked Parakeet are of a newly described form with yellow in the wing, and Sjoerd recorded an unknown species here, possibly a tapaculo or Grallicaricula antpitta. Robin Brace and I saw the parakeets but no tapaculos or antpitta, in July 1998.

Above the town, a trail passes through the hillside low scrub, where Olive-crowned Crescentchest is easier to see than below the town in my experience, to the fields and grassland at over 3000m. This is a good area for tyrant-flycatchers and hummingbirds, including the spectacular Red-tailed Comet, while in the small patches of woodland are high Andean birds such as Scarlet-bellied Mountain-Tanager and the endemic Grey-bellied Flowerpiercer. The distinctive song of the highland Red-winged Tinamou can be heard here in January, and possibly even from below the town – this species has recently been split as Huayco Tinamou R.maculicollis. Unfortunately, it was silent in July and we never saw it, although according to Sjoerd, it is very shy as he only saw it a couple of times in many weeks of birding in suitable habitat, after flushing it from almost underfoot high on mountain ridges further south in Chuquisaca.

Tunquini

This is an excellent area of relatively low Yungas forest (c.1600m) visited by Robin Brace and myself in 1999. It is just off the Coroico Road, above Yolosa. There is a biological research station here, with cooking facilities, which was under construction while we were there and is doubtless complete now. We arranged to stay there through Luis Pacheco [[email protected]] who was responsible for the scientific work at the reserve, but lived at Coroico. We hired a vehicle via Luis and turned sharp left off the Coroico road before Yolosa, following the sign to Rio Selva Resort. We passed Rio Selva 11 km from the turn and soon reached the small village of Chairo. There are occasional trucks, which give lifts to locals, to Chairo. However, the situation is likely to change when the new main road is completed (in 2001?) as it goes very close to Chairo, so I imagine buses will stop at or near Chairo then. Cross the river on the footbridge at Chairo; Tunquini is some 5 km along a flat, barely-driveable track to the left. There is, or was, a vehicle on this track. After some time, a driver and key was located in Chairo and with the assistance of the battery from our vehicle, we were able to use it to take us to the research station.

The only trail through the forest is the continuation of the Chairo track, but this is good for birding, in both directions. Birds we saw included Hooded Tinamou, Sickle-winged Guan, White-throated Quail-Dove, Great-billed Hermit, Black-streaked Puffbird, Short-tailed Antthrush, Andean Cock-of-the-Rock, Southern White-crowned Tapaculo, Yungas Manakin, Golden-browed Chat-Tyrant and Yungas Tody-Tyrant. We also saw what we were pretty sure was Ashy Antwren - this would be a new site, the well-known ones being Amboro and Carrasco, but it is not so surprising as it also occurs at Madidi. A list of birds we saw, prepared by Robin Brace, follows.