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Mental health disorders are among the leading worldwide causes of disease and long-term disability. This issue has a long and painful history of gradual de-stigmatization of patients, coinciding with humanization of therapeutic approaches. What are the current trends in Russia regarding this issue and in what ways is it similar to and different from Western countries? IQ.HSE provides an overview of this problem based on research carried out by Svetlana Kolpakova.

On September 5, Laurie Manchester, Associate Professor of History at Arizona State University, presented her paper on voluntary repatriation of Russians from China to the Soviet Union between 1935 and 1960. The presentation was part of the research seminar, ‘Boundaries of History’, held regularly by the Department of History at HSE University in St. Petersburg. HSE News Service spoke with Laurie Manchester about her research interests, collaborating with HSE faculty members, and the latest workshop.

Dr. Sabyasachi Tripathi, from Kolkata, India, is a new research fellow at HSE University. He will be working at the Laboratory for Science and Technology Studies of the Institute for Statistical Studies and Economics of Knowledge.

Nowadays great attention is paid both to knowledge reproduction-reception mechanisms, and technologies of relevant knowledge transferring. Relating to this, academic discourse research and discourse strategies of scientific knowledge transferring are in the focus of special attention. As far as English written academic discourse in Economics is underestimated in the process of studying, this research is of great timeliness. Discourse markers (DMs) play an important role in the process of text generation, in providing discourse grammar and sense integrity and optimization in transferring information from addresser to addressee. But beyond modern research are the aspects of DMs functioning depending on the level of students' professional and communicative competencies. The article focuses on special features of discourse markers in academic discourse in Economics. It is based on English written texts produced by Russian students majoring in Economics with different competence. The main objective is to reveal the difference of discourse markers functioning in terms of the level of students' foreign language professional competence. The authors succeeded in extending the DMs classification. Qualitative and quantitative analysis revealed the peculiarities in DMs functioning in academic discourse in Economics. The prevailing DMs are those which introduce new or additional information, taking the leading position in professional discourse in comparison with nonprofessional one. The second and the third positions in both discourses belong to the contrastive DMs and MDs of author's assessment. However, the qualitative analysis revealed that written texts of professional discourse highlighted the tendency of using DMs of different groups. It can be explained by students' high level of professional skills and, thus, by their ability to transfer scientific knowledge (by their high communicative competence). The peculiarity of DMs functioning in nonprofessional discourse is the occurrence of the same marker or monotony in using markers in one written text. It can be explained by the lack of the ability to use the cognitive-communicative strategy in transferring economic knowledge effectively. The research allows to substantially specify the understanding of creating and transferring the special knowledge process in English by non-natives. Moreover, it enables us to expand the understanding of academic discourse in a special sphere. The developed data can be the basis for differentiating of academic discourse, heterogeneous in its learning. DMs functioning regularities in terms of the level of foreign language professional competence are identified. Also, the prospects for further research in the sphere of DMs in academic discourse functioning are determined.

This paper deals with professional / non-professional degree of academic discourse by analyzing cognitive metaphor models in the English written texts produced by students with different competence in economics. It distinguishes a set of features that characterize academic and professional discourse. It also focuses on the problem of developing professional competence in economics.

The article addresses the problem of forming communicative strategies and tactics of English-language written academic discourse as a means of reaching professional foreign language communicative competence by a university graduate in Russia. The article investigates the importance of forming the communicative strategy of mitigating self-presentation in written academic communication. The author attempts to determine the set of communicative tactics making up the mentioned strategy. Emphasis is placed on specifying the techniques composing these tactics and their language patterns. The article can be interesting for all those who are engaged in teaching foreign language written academic communication at universities.

This conference aims to provide language researchers with an opportunity to present and communicate their work from a variety of corpus analysis and academic discourse studies perspectives. For the 1st International Conference on Corpus Analysis in Academic Discourse, particular attention will be paid to corpus studies and academic discourse analysis (whether monolingual or multilingual). This conference is framed within the Research Project FFI2016-77941-p (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain). The particular aim of CAAD’17 is thus to examine the means by which corpus linguistics attempts to detect and analyze different aspects of academic discourse in order to achieve a better understanding of how they function in the language system.

With the space industry used as an example, the article explores the issues of evaluating the need for innovative personnel in high-technology areas. The possibilities of using the existing methodology in determining the need for highly professional staff are explored. The role of science and educational centers is analysed as being an effective organizational form in developing the innovative potential of labor market. Also, the suggestions are given about implementing a competency approach to education using the framework of educative science-industrial clusters.

This research studies professional and non-professional levels of academic discourse by analyzing cognitive metaphor models in the English written texts produced by Russian students with different competence in economics. The results of comparative analysis of specific features in metaphor models in two types of academic discourses – professional and non-professional – reveal the difference how students at different levels of study develop their professional competence in their core curriculum disciplines. At an early stage students predominantly use external associations in metaphors, and at a later stage – internal/personal verbal associations. The research results might be significant for more targeted identification of ESAP content.

This paper examines the impact of family income on the results of the Unified State Examination (the
USE) and university choice in Russia. We argue that, even under the USE, which was introduced
instead of high school exit exams and university-specific entrance exams, entrants from wealthy
households still have an advantage in terms of access to higher education, since income positively
affects USE scores through the channel of a higher level of investment in pre-entry coaching.
Moreover, richer households make more effective decisions about university. We have found positive
and significant relationships between the level of income and USE results for high school graduates,
with an equal achievement before coaching. We subsequently propose that students from the most
affluent households do invest more in additional types of preparation (pre-entry courses and individual
lessons with tutors), and those extra classes provide a higher return for children from this particular
income group. Finally, we show that holding the result of the USE equal, students with good and fair
marks from wealthy families are admitted to universities with higher average USE score than those
from poorer families. As a result, we can observe that income status is a factor that significantly
influences enrollment to university.

Exposure to prenatal androgens affects both future behavior and life choices. However, there is still relatively limited evidence on its effects on academic performance. Moreover, the predicted effect of exposure to prenatal testosterone (T) - which is inversely correlated with the relative length of the second to fourth finger lengths (2D:4D) - would seem to have ambiguous effects on academic achievement since traits like confidence, aggressiveness, or risk-taking are not uniformly positive for success in school. We provide the first evidence of a non-linear relationship between 2D:4D and academic achievement using samples from Moscow and Manila. We find that there is a quadratic relationship between high T exposure and markers of achievement such as grades or test scores and that the optimum digit ratio for women in our sample is lower (indicating higher prenatal T) than the average. The results for men are generally insignificant for Moscow but significant for Manila showing similar non-linear effects. Our work is thus unusual in that it draws from a large sample of nearly a thousand university students in Moscow and over a hundred from Manila for whom we also have extensive information on high school test scores, family background and other potential correlates of achievement. Our work is also the first to have a large cross country comparison that includes two groups with very different ethnic compositions.

Institutions affect investment decisions, including investments in human capital. Hence institutions are relevant for the allocation of talent. Good market-supporting institutions attract talent to productive value-creating activities, whereas poor ones raise the appeal of rent-seeking. We propose a theoretical model that predicts that more talented individuals are particularly sensitive in their career choices to the quality of institutions, and test these predictions on a sample of around 95 countries of the world. We find a strong positive association between the quality of institutions and graduation of college and university students in science, and an even stronger negative correlation with graduation in law. Our findings are robust to various specifications of empirical models, including smaller samples of former colonies and transition countries. The quality of human capital makes the distinction between educational choices under strong and weak institutions particularly sharp. We show that the allocation of talent is an important link between institutions and growth.