In the present study, using transgenic mice (TG) expressing GFP in neurons we succeeded in in vivo imaging of enteric neurons with 2 photon microscopy (2PM).Then, the process of neurogenesis of injured enteric nervous system in TG mouse transected and re-astomosed gut was revealed by in vivo imaging with 2PM. We determined that a 5-HT4 receptor agonist facilitated to generate newborn enteric neurons at the anastomosis mediated via 5-HT4 receptor from neural stem cells. The neurogenesis of enteric neurons would give an improvement of dysfunction of gut function and defecation function.This study is revolutionary and unexplored in medical field of rehabilitation.