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2 Electric Vehicle Survey Methodology and Assumptions The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) and Consumers Union (CU) commissioned a survey to estimate the current suitability of plug-in electric vehicles (EVs) for personal transportation in California and 9 Northeast states (CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT NJ, NY, PA). The survey also identified public attitudes toward and understanding of EVs and EV policy. Summary Our analysis examined consumer perceptions and attitudes toward EVs and EV policy, in order to better understand perceived barriers to EV ownership and identify what sort of public policies would consumers find most likely to help them choose an EV for their next vehicle. We found that 35 percent of Northeast drivers are likely to consider an electric vehicle (EV) for their next vehicle purchase or lease, and 55 percent have some interest in EV technology. In addition, the survey found more than 54 percent of California drivers are likely to consider an electric vehicle (EV) in their next vehicle purchase or lease, and more than 65 percent are interested in electric vehicles generally. Our study also indicates that 44 percent of households in California and 43 percent in the Northeast states could potentially use the types of EVs on the market today. The analysis used self-reported driving and parking behavior questions and did not attempt to assess the economic feasibility of EV purchase or use. However, these results are a useful estimate of the number of households that have vehicle parking with access to electricity and could utilize an EV without modifying current driving habits. The margin of error is 4 percent at a 95 percent confidence level for questions asked of all respondents. The survey was conducted from April 1 to April 8, Survey Methodology To sample the population, The GfK Group (GfK) sampled households from its KnowledgePanel, a probability-based web panel designed to be representative of the United States. To qualify for the main survey, a panel member must have been: (a) 18 years or older (b) vehicle driver and (c) live in California or in one of the following NE states: CT, ME, MA, NH, RI, VT NJ, NY, PA. Of the 1,213 cases completing the main survey, all cases were determined to be valid cases to be included in the final analyses. Documentation regarding KnowledgePanel sampling, data collection procedures, weighting, and IRB-bearing issues are available at the below online resources. -info.html Plug-In Electric Vehicle Criteria To evaluate whether a respondent could utilize the technical capabilities of current plug-in EVs, we examined whether respondent s answers met three criteria designed to match the capabilities of current plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Because PHEVs have the same range limitations as gasoline-only vehicles, these criteria are less stringent than those used for determining battery electric vehicle suitability. Only those who met all three of the following criteria were categorized as possible candidates for using a PHEV. 1. Have off-street parking with access to an electrical outlet or plug-in electric vehicle charger at home. The survey asked about the presence of electrical outlets without attempting to determine voltage or current limitations. We assume that having an electrical outlet indicates either existing capability or ability to upgrade to sufficient capacity for vehicle charging. UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS / CONSUMERS UNION 1

3 2. Do not currently need a vehicle with hauling or towing capacity (when asking about the vehicle respondent currently drives most frequently). Most current EVs do not have towing or significant hauling capacity. Future EVs will likely have this capability, but our analysis was limited to current availability. 3. Do not need to carry more than four additional passengers (five total occupants) on a regular basis. Most EVs have five seats, though the Chevrolet Volt has four and the Tesla Model S can be configured as a seven-passenger vehicle. Survey Results 1 HOUSEHOLD SUITABILITY FOR EVS Q1 Which of the following best describes your current parking situation at home? a. Private off-street parking, such as a garage or dedicated spot, with access to an electrical outlet. All 52.37% 53.75% 53.06% Q2 In a typical week what is the highest number of occupants, including yourself, you need to fit in the vehicle you drive most often? 5 or less NE 5 or less CA 5 or less - All 85.54% 86.75% 86.14% Q3 For the vehicle you drive most often, does it need to have hauling or towing capacity? No NE No- CA No - All 73.42% 74.82% 74.12% Respondents that met all criteria above: PHEV Ready NE PHEV Ready CA PHEV Ready All 43.33% 43.99% 43.66% CONSUMER INTEREST Q4 Looking ahead to your next vehicle purchase or lease, how likely are you to consider a pure battery electric vehicle plugin vehicle runs on ONLY an electric engine and doesn t use gasoline (e.g. Tesla Model S or Nissan LEAF) Very likely 8.15% 15.66% Somewhat likely 13.05% 22.99% Somewhat unlikely 14.41% 18.32% Very unlikely 45.23% 28.61% Don t know 17.78% 12.96% Total likely NE = 21.2% Total likely CA = 38.65% 1 Refused/No Answer responses not shown, therefore percentages do not total to 100% 2 UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS / CONSUMERS UNION

6 Q13 Every automaker should offer a plug-in electric model for sale 52.08% 56.11% 24.76% 23.62% Don t Know 23.16% 20.27% Q14 Electricity providers should offer special rates to make it cheaper to charge a plug-in vehicle during certain times 63.34% 66.20% 15.65% 14.81% Don t Know 19.66% 17.61% Q15 From the list below, please indicate what you think are the top 3 public policies that would make it easier to own a plug-in electric vehicle. NE CA Choice in Top 3 Choice in Top 3 Provide a tax credit or rebate for part of the vehicle purchase price 57.01% 58.00% Grant plug-in vehicle drivers access to high occupancy (HOV) lanes Reduce or eliminate tolls on roads, bridges, and tunnels for plug-in vehicle drivers Provide preferential parking sports for plug-in vehicle drivers in highly trafficked areas like sports arenas or universities Make it easier to install plug-in vehicle charging stations in apartment buildings or other multifamily housing units Provide incentives for businesses and workplaces to install plug-in vehicle charging stations 11.28% 26.42% 24.27% 22.21% 14.27% 18.38% 30.78% 34.36% 37.50% 38.63% Provide more information about plug-in vehicles 30.73% 17.58% Encourage automakers to make some of their cars available as a plug-in model 24.88% 25.95% UNION OF CONCERNED SCIENTISTS / CONSUMERS UNION 5

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