Efficiently and correctly parse a JSON string. The string must be
encoded as UTF-8.

It can be useful to think of parsing as occurring in two phases:

Identification of the textual boundaries of a JSON value. This
is always strict, so that an invalid JSON document can be
rejected as soon as possible.

Conversion of a JSON value to a Haskell value. This may be
either immediate (strict) or deferred (lazy); see below for
details.

The question of whether to choose a lazy or strict parser is
subtle, but it can have significant performance implications,
resulting in changes in CPU use and memory footprint of 30% to 50%,
or occasionally more. Measure the performance of your application
with each!

Lazy parsers

The json and value parsers decouple identification from
conversion. Identification occurs immediately (so that an invalid
JSON document can be rejected as early as possible), but conversion
to a Haskell value is deferred until that value is needed.

This decoupling can be time-efficient if only a smallish subset of
elements in a JSON value need to be inspected, since the cost of
conversion is zero for uninspected elements. The trade off is an
increase in memory usage, due to allocation of thunks for values
that have not yet been converted.

The conversion of a parsed value to a Haskell value is deferred
until the Haskell value is needed. This may improve performance if
only a subset of the results of conversions are needed, but at a
cost in thunk allocation.

This function is an alias for value. In aeson 0.8 and earlier, it
parsed only object or array types, in conformance with the
now-obsolete RFC 4627.

Parse any JSON value. You should usually json in preference to
this function, as this function relaxes the object-or-array
requirement of RFC 4627.

In particular, be careful in using this function if you think your
code might interoperate with Javascript. A naïve Javascript
library that parses JSON data using eval is vulnerable to attack
unless the encoded data represents an object or an array. JSON
implementations in other languages conform to that same restriction
to preserve interoperability and security.