APPARTUS FOR RECEIVING T-DMB SIGNAL AND METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME - There is provided an apparatus for receiving a T-DMB signal. The apparatus for receiving a T-DMB signal comprises an input buffer receiving and buffering a T-DMB signal comprising a null symbol and a phase reference symbol (PRS); an initial synchronizing unit estimating and compensating for time and frequency offsets of the T-DMB signal using the null symbol and the PRS; a frame tracking unit performing estimation of the time offset and measurement of a strength of an output signal from the input buffer; an OFDM signal demodulating unit performing I/Q demodulation, frequency compensation, OFDM demodulation and de-interleaving with respect to an output signal of the frame tracking unit; a channel decoding unit performing channel decoding with respect to an output signal of the OFDM signal demodulating unit and checking quality of the channel-decoded signal; and a controller controlling operations of the initial synchronizing unit, the OFDM signal demodulating unit and the channel decoding unit

2010-06-17

20100150182

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR MUTIPLEXING MPEG SERVICES FOR IP NETWORKS - A multiplexer handling different types of traffic in different queue types, including in one embodiment time-stamped content such as in the form of MPEG service data, untimed content such as in the form of other variable bit rate data, and periodic tables, such as in the form of MPEG program specific information, allocates a tag to each packet, which is used to schedule packets for transmission. A tagging algorithm tags each packet in the queue, and a packet scheduling algorithm uses the tag to determine which packet is next to be transmitted, and a control algorithm determines when the scheduling algorithm will be executed. The algorithms cooperate to allow the multiplexer to handle traffic without requiring an internal clock to be synchronized with the input streams, nor stuffing of packets to pad out the contents of the variable bit rate traffic.

2010-06-17

20100150183

FREQUENCY-TRIPLED FIBER MOPA - Fundamental-wavelength pulses from a fiber a laser are divided into two portions and the two portions are separately amplified. One of the amplified fundamental-wavelength pulse-portions is frequency-doubled. The frequency doubled portion is sum-frequency mixed with the other amplified fundamental wavelength pulse-portions to provide third-harmonic radiation pulses.

2010-06-17

20100150184

Alignment and Wavelength Selection In External Cavity Lasers - A method of operating a laser projection system is provided. The projection system comprises an external cavity laser, an optical intensity monitor, laser projection optics, and a controller. The external cavity laser comprises a laser diode, an intra-cavity wavelength conversion device, and a wavelength selective element. According to the method, the position of the wavelength selective element is adjusted relative to an optical axis Z of the external cavity laser to optimize output intensity. Specifically, the position of the wavelength selective element is adjusted by (i) tilting the wavelength selective element about its wavelength selective axis Y to reflect a wavelength of interest along an optimum path in an XZ plane of the external laser cavity and (ii) tipping the wavelength selective element about its wavelength insensitive axis X to reflect the wavelength of interest along an optimum path in a YZ plane of the external laser cavity. Additional embodiments are disclosed and claimed.

2010-06-17

20100150185

MULTI-VARIABLE CONTROL METHODS FOR OPTICAL PACKAGES - According to one embodiment of the present invention, an optical package comprises one or more semiconductor lasers coupled to a wavelength conversion device with adaptive optics. The optical package also comprises a package controller programmed to operate the semiconductor laser and the adaptive optics based on modulated feedback control signals supplied to the wavelength selective section of the semiconductor laser and the adaptive optics. The wavelength control signal supplied to the wavelength selective section of the semiconductor laser may be adjusted based on the modulated wavelength feedback control signal such that the response parameter of the wavelength conversion device is optimized. Similarly, the position control signals supplied to the adaptive optics may be adjusted based on the modulated feedback position control signals such that the response parameter of the wavelength conversion device is optimized.

LASER - A laser apparatus in which the elimination of separate optical components to provide intra-cavity polarization and compensation for thermally induced birefringence, and their associated losses, results in an improvement in efficiency and reduction in complexity over prior art designs.

2010-06-17

20100150188

SEED LIGHT MODULE FOR PASSIVE OPTICAL NETWORK - A spectrum-sliced seed light module for a wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM PON) is provided. The seed light module includes an optical amplifier to amplify seed light, an optical wavelength filter to transmit broadband light, which is output in opposite direction to an output direction of the seed light, at periodic frequency intervals, and a reflective mirror to reflect light which is spectrum-sliced through the optical wavelength filter to the optical wavelength filter.

2010-06-17

20100150189

LASER CONTROL METHOD AND LASER CONTROL CIRCUIT - A laser control method includes the steps of: using a laser control circuit which includes a constant current circuit that maintains a constant current flowing through a semiconductor laser element, and which includes an adder and a multiplier connected to a stage preceding the constant current circuit, and using detection means for calibration for detecting an applied laser output; calculating, on the basis of a detection signal output from the detection means, a reference bias value and a reference gain value for obtaining a specified laser output with respect to a specified input to the multiplier; inputting the reference bias value and the reference gain value to the adder and the multiplier, respectively; and controlling the applied laser output from the semiconductor laser element by performing calibration.

2010-06-17

20100150190

Laser Wavelength Control - The wavelength of light output from a semiconductor laser varies over time as various parameters vary. Current in a phase section of the semiconductor laser is modified to counteract the wavelength variations. The current in the phase section may be modified in response to video data on a pixel-by-pixel basis or longer.

2010-06-17

20100150191

Solid-state suspension laser - A solid-state suspension laser. The novel laser includes a gain medium comprised of a plurality of solid-state gain particles suspended in a fluid. The laser also includes a pump source for pumping the gain particles and a resonator for amplifying and outputting laser light generated by the gain medium. In an illustrative embodiment, the gain medium is adapted to flow, and the pumping of the gain medium occurs outside of the resonator. The flow velocities and the densities of the gain particles in the gain medium can be optimized for optimal absorption efficiency during the pumping and/or for optimal extraction efficiency in the resonator as well as for overall laser performance optimization, including power, efficiency and beam quality scalability.

2010-06-17

20100150192

Laser Pump Cavity - A laser pump cavity includes a heat sink holder with a central through hole, a plurality of slot portions, and a plurality of single emitters. The single emitter includes a heat sink and a single core disposed on the heat sink. The slot portions are uniformly spaced and surround the through hole. The single emitters are connected end to end, thereby forming at least one single emitter array. The at least one single emitter array is disposed in corresponding slot portions with each single core facing the through hole.

2010-06-17

20100150193

MQW Laser Structure Comprising Plural MQW Regions - Multi-quantum well laser structures are provided comprising active and/or passive MQW regions. Each of the MQW regions comprises a plurality of quantum wells and intervening barrier layers. Adjacent MQW regions are separated by a spacer layer that is thicker than the intervening barrier layers. The bandgap of the quantum wells is lower than the bandgap of the intervening barrier layers and the spacer layer. The active region may comprise active and passive MQWs and be configured for electrically-pumped stimulated emission of photons or it may comprises active MQW regions configured for optically-pumped stimulated emission of photons.

2010-06-17

20100150194

NITRIDE SEMICONDUCTOR OPTICAL ELEMENT AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF - In an InGaN-based nitride semiconductor optical device having a long wavelength (440 nm or more) equal to or more than that of blue, the increase of a wavelength is realized while suppressing In (Indium) segregation and deterioration of crystallinity. In the manufacture of an InGaN-based nitride semiconductor optical device having an InGaN-based quantum well active layer including an InGaN well layer and an InGaN barrier layer, a step of growing the InGaN barrier layer includes: a first step of adding hydrogen at 1% or more to a gas atmosphere composed of nitrogen and ammonia and growing a GaN layer in the gas atmosphere; and a second step of growing the InGaN barrier layer in a gas atmosphere composed of nitrogen and ammonia.

2010-06-17

20100150195

SURFACE-EMITTING LASER DEVICE AND SURFACE-EMITTING LASER ARRAY INCLUDING SAME - A surface-emitting laser device is disclosed that includes a substrate connected to a heat sink; a first reflective layer formed of a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector on the substrate; a first cavity spacer layer formed in contact with the first reflective layer; an active layer formed in contact with the first cavity spacer layer; a second cavity spacer layer formed in contact with the active layer; and a second reflective layer formed of a semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector in contact with the second cavity spacer layer. The first cavity spacer layer includes a semiconductor material having a thermal conductivity greater than the thermal conductivity of a semiconductor material forming the second cavity spacer layer.

2010-06-17

20100150196

Laser Diode - The present invention provides a laser diode having both a small vertical far-field beam divergence and a large vertical optical confinement factor, as well as a method of fabricating the laser diode. The laser diode comprises a layer stack of semiconductor material, which includes a mode-splitting layer having a low refractive index inserted between waveguide layers. In addition to increasing the vertical near-field beam width of the laser diode, the mode-splitting layer also produces a shoulder in an optical mode generated in an active layer of the layer stack, increasing vertical overlap of the optical mode with the active layer.

2010-06-17

20100150197

Laser diode epitaxial wafer and method for producing same - A laser diode epitaxial wafer includes an n-type GaAs substrate, an n-type cladding layer formed on the n-type GaAs substrate, an active layer formed on the n-type cladding layer, and a p-type cladding layer formed on the active layer. The n-type cladding layer, the active layer, and the p-type cladding layer include an AlGaInP-based material. The p-type cladding layer has carbon as a p-type impurity. The p-type cladding layer has a carrier concentration between 8.0×10

Nitride semiconductor light-emitting device - A nitride semiconductor light-emitting device wherein a substrate or nitride semiconductor layer has a defect concentration region and a low defect density region other than the defect concentration region. A portion including the defect concentration region of the nitride semiconductor layer or substrate has a trench region deeper than the low defect density region. Thus by digging the trench in the defect concentration region, the growth detection is uniformized, and the surface planarity is improved. The uniformity of the characteristic in the wafer surface leads to improvement of the yield.

2010-06-17

20100150200

NOVEL METHOD TO OPTIMIZE MICRO-OPTIC LENS IN LED FLASHLIGHT APPLICATION - A micro-optic lens is disclosed. The micro-optic lens includes a substrate; and a lens element on the substrate, wherein the lens element includes a flat surface and an annularly grooved surface including first facets and second facets, and wherein the first facets collimate a light effectively and the second facets are parallel to a light. The micro-optic lens can decrease the draft loss and collimate the emitted light beams to increase the light efficiency. Further, the present invention also provides a method for designing angles of micro-optic lenses.

2010-06-17

20100150201

LASER SYSTEM - A laser system including an optical cable jumper with input and output terminals, and a laser gun, wherein the optical jumper transmits a laser beam from a bundle-type optical cable connected to an input terminal thereof to a single-type optical cable connected to an output terminal thereof. The laser gun is connected to the single-type optical cable at a rear of the optical cable jumper to illuminate the laser beam to a target object.

Tempering apparatus with testing device and method for testing a tempering apparatus - The invention relates to a tempering apparatus for the execution of a tempering program for at least one sample, in particular PCR-sample, comprising: at least one tempering block, which is configured for the reception of at least one sample, at least one tempering device, which is arranged for tempering said at least one tempering block, at least one temperature measurement device, which is assigned to said tempering device, at least one control loop for the regulation of a temperature, to which at least one tempering device and at least one temperature measurement device, which is assigned to said at least one tempering device, are assigned to, at least one control device, which is configured for the control of the tempering of the at least one tempering block, wherein the tempering apparatus comprises at least two temperature measurement devices, which are assigned to at least one control loop, and that to the tempering apparatus a testing device for performing a test method is assigned to, wherein said testing device comprises a signal-connection to at least one of said at least two temperature measurement devices, such that by means of said signal-connection at least one testing quantity of the tempering apparatus is detectable, which characterizes the operational status of the tempering apparatus. The invention further relates to a method for testing of a tempering apparatus, wherein the method comprises the following steps: starting of the method; operation of at least said first tempering device for the duration of at least one first period from at least one first time; detection of at least one measurement temperature from said at least one first temperature measurement device, which is assigned to said first tempering device, at least at a second time; determining at least one first testing quantity of the tempering apparatus by using said at least one measurement temperature; and comparison of said first testing quantity with one reference quantity.

2010-06-17

20100150204

PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING PLATINUM RESISTANCE THERMOMETER - A process for manufacturing a platinum resistance thermometer that is stable with reduced resistance value variation over service temperature range through clarification of a quantitative mechanism of resistance value variation with respect to the oxidation/reduction of platinum resistance wire. The process including the steps of (S

2010-06-17

20100150205

COMBINED SENSOR - A method of manufacturing an exhaust temperature sensor is disclosed. It includes forming a green ceramic substrate; and printing an electrical circuit on the green ceramic substrate. The method then contemplates trimming the electrical circuit to a predetermined resistance prior to firing the green ceramic. Finally, the method contemplates firing the green ceramic substrate with the electrical circuit thereon.

SETTING A TRANSMISSION POWER LEVEL FOR A MOBILE UNIT - A spread signal is produced having an adjustable spread spectrum. A data signal is provided for transmission. The data signal is processed to have a first spread spectrum. The processed first spread spectrum data signal is filtered to have one out of a plurality of spread spectrums. The filtering capable of producing a signal having a spread spectrum of any of the plurality of spread spectrums. The filtered one spread spectrum data signal is transmitted.

2010-06-17

20100150208

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONSERVING TRANSCEIVER POWER - The present invention utilizes radio-frequency identification (“RFID”), which consume a small amount of energy, to allow two transceivers with frequency hopping spread spectrum units to discover each other. A first transceiver may, for example, have a first energy capacity, an RFID transceiver, and a first frequency hopping spread spectrum unit. A second transceiver with a lower energy capacity would then have an active RFID tag and a second frequency hopping spread spectrum unit.

2010-06-17

20100150209

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR GENERATING A LOCATION SIGNAL - A frequency generation unit (FGU) in a communication device includes a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), an adjustable filter having a capacitive element for wideband operation, a current source with variable gain, and chirp generation control circuitry (CGC) that is used to generate location signals. The FGU receives, from a reference device, at least one location signal control parameter that defines linear frequency slope characteristics for a location signal. The CGC configures, based on the at least one location signal control parameter, the gain and a polarity of the current source to generate a first current during a first time period for charging the capacitive element to generate a control signal that is coupled to the VCO to generate a first part of the location signal having the defined linear frequency slope characteristics, wherein the first part of the location signal is transmitted using a transceiver of the communication device.

2010-06-17

20100150210

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION APPARATUS AND METHOD THEREOF - A wireless communication apparatus in a closed loop communication wherein a channel resource can be shared among users and hence the capacity of the communication system can be increased. In this apparatus, calculating parts (

2010-06-17

20100150211

Orthogonal Code Division Multiplexing for Twisted Pair Channels - A plurality of data signals are separated into parallel bit streams with each parallel stream having a bandwidth characteristic such that the combined cumulative effect of all the individual bandwidths produces a spectral characteristic of the data signals that match the spectral high speed data characteristic of a twisted pair

2010-06-17

20100150212

RAKE RECEIVER FINGER ASSIGNMENT BASED ON SIGNAL PATH CONCENTRATION - A rake receiver finger assignor is configured to assign a rake receiver finger to a time offset between identified signal path time offsets in accordance with a concentration of identified signal paths from a transmitter to a rake receiver. In accordance with the exemplary embodiment, a number of identified signal paths having time offsets within a time window are observed to determine the concentration of signal paths identified by a path searcher. If the number of identified signal paths indicates a concentrated distribution of signal paths such as during a fat path condition, at least one rake finger is assigned between at a time offset between two identified signal paths.

2010-06-17

20100150213

SIGNAL TRANSCEIVER APPARATUS AND SYSTEM - A signal transceiver apparatus suitable for a wired signal transceiver system includes a differential signal transmitter, an impendence matching control module and a signal receiver. The signal transmitter has an output terminal which is connected to a transceiver wire. The signal transmitter includes a first impendence tuner and is used to receive a control signal so as to tune impendence of the first impendence tuner according to the control signal. Moreover, the impendence matching control module generates the control signal according to a compare signal and a lock signal. Besides, the signal receiver generates the lock signal and the compare signal according to a compare result between a current flowing through the first impendence tuner and a reference current.

USE OF POWERLINES FOR TRANSMISSION OF HIGH FREQUENCY SIGNALS - Communication is provided which includes receiving a transmitted radio signal at a powerline wherein the powerline functions as a receiving antenna for the wirelessly transmitted radio signal. The powerline is coupled to an input of a radio receiver using a coupler to communicate the radio signal to the radio receiver. For calibration purposes a second antenna not coupled to powerline may be used. A method for powerline communication across transformers, open circuit breakers, and other devices is also provided. In addition, a method of monitoring a device connected to a powerline is provided.

2010-06-17

20100150216

Systems and methods for probing wired communication channels - Various systems and methods for probing a communication channel. These systems and methods transmit an error vector probe packet from a first transmitter while a second transmitter is active and transmitting. A network device may receive the error vector probe packet and measure an error vector magnitude based on the received error vector probe packet. Using the error vector magnitude, the network device estimates channel characteristics such as signal-to-noise ratio, data capacity, etc. The transmission can occur when more than one transmitter is active and transmitting. At least some of the other transmitters are active and transmit an analog zero signal, e.g., all digital zeros on the input to the digital-to-analog converter of a network device when an error vector probe packet is transmitted.

2010-06-17

20100150217

CHANNEL ESTIMATION APPARATUS AND METHOD IN MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM HAVING DISPERSED PILOT - Provided are a channel estimation method and apparatus in mobile communication system having dispersed pilot. The channel estimation apparatus includes an entire band channel estimation unit and an edge channel estimation unit. The entire band channel estimation unit performs channel estimation on an entire frequency band. The edge channel estimation unit performs channel estimation on an edge region. By separately performing the gating operation of the entire band channel estimation unit and the gating operation of the edge channel estimation unit, a channel frequency response is more accurately calculated even in an edge region.

2010-06-17

20100150218

JITTER GENERATION APPARATUS, DEVICE TEST SYSTEM USING THE SAME, AND JITTER GENERATION METHOD - A jitter generation apparatus for applying a phase modulation to a PLL is controlled by a control unit so as to output a signal with the desired jitter based on a parameters. When a switching unit is switched to a first state, the control unit controls first and second level control units so that the desired jitter in which an amplitude of a first modulation signal matches the parameter is added to an output signal from a voltage controlled oscillator unit, and passes through a quadrature modulator. When the switching unit is switched to the second state, the control unit controls the first and second level control units so that a quadrature modulation is applied to a local signal, which is input to the quadrature modulator without adding any jitter to an output signal from the voltage controlled oscillator unit, and a quadrature-modulated local signal is output.

2010-06-17

20100150219

SAMPLING DEVICE AND METHOD IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - The exemplary embodiment of present invention provides a sampling device and method in a wireless communication system that is capable of precisely measuring a distance by combining data blocks passing through at least two delay paths and performing sampling thereon.

2010-06-17

20100150220

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RECEIVING A DATA SIGNAL CONSISTING OF SYMBOL BLOCKS AND CORRESPONDING COMPUTER PROGRAM - A method is provided for receiving a received data signal including at least one symbol block received and representative of a source signal. The method includes at least one iteration for improving an estimate of the received signal and including the following steps, for a current equalized symbol block: obtaining one or more decided bits, by bit-by-bit decoding a current subset of bits; updating one or more symbols, according to the decoded bit or bits, delivering an updated block of estimated symbols; determining a block of equalized symbols enhanced by canceling interferences, taking account of the updated block of estimated symbols.

2010-06-17

20100150221

Continuous Time - Decision Feedback Equalizer - An apparatus comprises a summer suitable for subtracting a jfiltered feedback signal from an input; a symbol decision device suitable for receiving an output from the summer; a feedback filter suitable for filtering an output from the symbol decision device and for sending the filtered feedback signal to the summer, the feedback filter comprising an adjustable swing amplifier and an adjustable pole filter; and an adaptation algorithm suitable for simultaneously adapting both a pole setting and a swing setting based upon a least mean squared error criteria. The summer, the symbol decision device, and the feedback filter form a feedback circuit utilized to reconstruct an electrical signal distorted during transmission.

2010-06-17

20100150222

QUANTUM BASED INFORMATION TRANSMISSION SYSTEM AND METHOD - A method and system of data transmission; the method comprising: converting data into qubits; transmitting a first qubit; measuring the first qubit at receiver location; determining whether or not to transmit portions of data from a sequential successive qubit based upon the value of the first qubit measured at the receiver location. The system comprising a sender and at least one receiver, the sender comprising: a converter for converting data into qubits; a modulator for modulating a signal based upon the values of the qubits; a transmitter for transmitting the modulated signal to at least one receiver; the at least one receiver comprising: a detector for measuring the value of at least one qubit; a feedback circuit for transmitting the measured value of the at least one qubit to the sender; whereby the transmission of data for each successive qubit is based upon the value measured for the preceding qubit and the sender utilizes only the data for each successive qubits which correlates to the measured value of the preceding qubit.

2010-06-17

20100150223

INTELLIGENT DECODED PICTURE BUFFERING - A system and method for intelligent decoded picture buffering is described. In one embodiment, a video bitstream buffer receives and temporarily holds an encoded compressed bitstream containing portions of a video. Then, a look ahead parser scans ahead in the video to analyze portions of the encoded video bitstream in the video bitstream buffer to predict the value of the video. Based on this prediction, an intelligent memory manager prioritizes the video portions, and then sends the high valued video portions to a first buffer and sends the low valued video portions to a second buffer.

2010-06-17

20100150224

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CODING DATA IN A SCALABLE STREAM - The invention relates to a method of and a device for coding data in a scalable stream organized in units, characterized in that an indication is given in the header of an SVC NAL unit as to whether this NAL unit can be truncated or not in an adaptation operation for the scalable stream concerned

2010-06-17

20100150225

Adaptive Frequency Domain Filtering For Phase Plane Correlation - In a Phase Plane Correlation (PPC) process, using adaptive frequency domain filtering to aid in generating candidate motion vectors. It is determined when it is beneficial to pre-filter an input image, prior to a PPC process. This results in more reliable and consistent PPC surfaces than otherwise. The filter is applied in the frequency domain where time-domain convolution becomes a much more efficient component-wise multiplication with an in-place window. An energy measure of the high-frequency content in the computed Fourier surfaces gauges the degree of high frequency content in the image. First, the Fourier transform of the two images is computed. Then, the high-frequency content is estimated from the Fourier surfaces. A window function is computed as a function of the high-frequency energy. The window is applied to the Fourier surfaces. Then, the modified Fourier surfaces are fed into the PPC process.

2010-06-17

20100150226

SWITCHING BETWEEN DCT COEFFICIENT CODING MODES - A system and method is provided for improving efficiency when entropy coding a block of quantized transform coefficients in video coding. Quantized coefficients are coded in two separate coding modes, namely, a run mode to a level mode coding mode. “Rules” for switching between these two modes are provided, and various embodiments are realized by allowing an entropy coder to adaptively decide when to switch between the two coding modes based on context information, the rules and/or by explicitly signaling the position of switching (e.g., whether or not it should switch coding modes).

2010-06-17

20100150227

SCALABLE MPEG VIDEO/MACRO BLOCK RATE CONTROL - A scaleable macro block rate control method particularly well-suited for MPEG video. There is provided a method to easily derive a quantization parameter (QP) value using information such as bit usage, previous QP values and SAD values from the past encoded and future frames. The method utilizes quantization estimation techniques based on statistical relationships between different intensity measures, such as distortion intensity, absolute difference intensity and mean of absolute difference intensity. The method is well-suited to applications utilizing MPEG video such as MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, JVT/H.264 standards and so forth.

2010-06-17

20100150228

SCALABLE MPEG VIDEO/MACRO BLOCK RATE CONTROL - A scaleable macro block rate control method particularly well-suited for MPEG video. There is provided a method to easily derive a quantization parameter (QP) value using information such as bit usage, previous QP values and SAD values from the past encoded and future frames. The method utilizes quantization estimation techniques based on statistical relationships between different intensity measures, such as distortion intensity, absolute difference intensity and mean of absolute difference intensity. The method is well-suited to applications utilizing MPEG video such as MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, JVT/H.264 standards and so forth.

VIDEO CODING SYSTEM USING SUB-CHANNELS AND CONSTRAINED PREDICTION REFERENCES TO PROTECT AGAINST DATA TRANSMISSION ERRORS - A coding technique is disclosed in which frames of a video sequence are assigned to one of a plurality of sub-channels to be transmitted to a decoder. The frames are coded according to predictive coding techniques such that ordinarily prediction references of the frames in each sub-channel only reach the reference frames that occur within the same sub-channel. Thus, if transmission errors arise with respect to one sub-channel, decoding may occur for other sub-channels until the transmission error is detected and corrected. The decoder may also try to reconstruct the frames in the failed sub-channel by interpolating from the frames in other channels. Furthermore, when feedback scheme is available between the encoder and decoder, the encoder may restart the failed sub-channel by coding the next frames in the sub-channel by predicting from correctly received frames in other sub-channels. And the encoder and decoder may resume normal encoding and decoding once the restart frame is sent and received, respectively. Additionally, the encoder and decoder can maintain an identical and correctly received long-term reference frame that can be used to restart all sub-channels in cases all sub-channels are corrupted at one point. The long-term reference frame can be refreshed periodically.

2010-06-17

20100150231

APPARATUS FOR REFERENCE PICTURE RESAMPLING GENERATION AND METHOD THEREOF AND VIDEO DECODING SYSTEM USING THE SAME - The exemplary embodiments of the present invention are direct to a method for generating a resampling reference picture and an apparatus and video decoding system using this method. The video image decoding system is used to decode a bit stream, so as to obtain a current frame. The method for generating a resampling reference picture includes following steps: (a) looking ahead specific information of next x frames of the current frame in the bit stream; (b) determining whether to generate a resampling reference picture according to the specific information of the next x frames.

2010-06-17

20100150232

METHOD FOR CONCEALING A PACKET LOSS - A method of concealing a packet loss during video decoding is provided. An input stream having a plurality of network abstraction layer units NAL is received. A loss of a network abstraction layer unit in a group of pictures in the input stream is detected. A valid network abstraction layer unit order from the available network abstraction layer units is outputted. The network abstraction layer unit order is received by a video coding layer (VCL) and data is outputted.

2010-06-17

20100150233

FAST MODE DECISION APPARATUS AND METHOD - A fast mode decision apparatus includes a data storage for storing therein data on a reference picture, a per-mode calculator for computing values on a macroblock to be encoded and a mode decision unit for determining an optimal encoding mode for the macroblock to be encoded based on the values computed by the per-mode calculator and data on the reference picture stored in the data storage. The apparatus further includes a mode deactivator for deactivating P8×8 mode I4×4 mode, wherein the mode decision unit selects, as the optimal encoding mode, one among modes other than the modes deactivated by the mode deactivator.

2010-06-17

20100150234

Method and apparatus for decoding/encoding a video signal - A method of decoding a video signal is disclosed. The present invention includes obtaining identification information indicating whether a coded picture of a current NAL unit is an inter-view picture group, obtaining interview reference information of the inter-view picture group, and constructing a reference picture list for inter-view prediction using the inter-view reference information according to the identification information, wherein the inter-view reference information includes view identification information of an inter-view reference picture.

2010-06-17

20100150235

Method and apparatus for decoding/encoding a video signal - A method of decoding a video signal is disclosed. The present invention includes obtaining identification information indicating whether a coded picture of a current NAL unit is an inter-view picture group, obtaining interview reference information of the inter-view picture group, and constructing a reference picture list for inter-view prediction using the inter-view reference information according to the identification information, wherein the inter-view reference information includes view identification information of an inter-view reference picture.

2010-06-17

20100150236

Method and apparatus for decoding/encoding a video signal - A method of decoding a video signal is disclosed. The present invention includes obtaining identification information indicating whether a coded picture of a current NAL unit is an inter-view picture group, obtaining interview reference information of the inter-view picture group, and constructing a reference picture list for inter-view prediction using the inter-view reference information according to the identification information, wherein the inter-view reference information includes view identification information of an inter-view reference picture.

2010-06-17

20100150237

SELECTING A MACROBLOCK ENCODING MODE - Non-encoded data for a macroblock of an image frame is accessed. A cost to intra-encode the macroblock is computed using at least a portion of the non-encoded data in place of reconstructed image data from another macroblock of the image frame. The cost can be compared against the cost to inter-encode the first macroblock in order to select how the first macroblock is to be encoded.

2010-06-17

20100150238

MOVING PICTURE TRANSCODING APPARATUS, MOVING PICTURE TRANSCODING METHOD, AND MOVING PICTURE TRANSCODING PROGRAM - To provide a moving picture transcoding apparatus capable of suppressing deterioration of an image quality and capable of reducing a calculation amount required for transcoding an image, the moving picture transcoding apparatus which transcodes encoded moving picture data includes: a moving picture data producing unit for producing new moving picture data in which a specific frame of the encoded moving picture data is set as a head thereof; and a judging unit for judging whether or not a succeeding frame of the specific frame has been encoded by referring to a frame preceding the specific frame. Further, the moving picture data producing unit includes: a first frame transcoding process unit for transcoding the specific frame to a first frame which does not refer to another frame; and a succeeding frame transcoding process unit for again encoding a succeeding frame, which has been judged by the judging unit to refer to the frame preceding the specific frame, by referring to any one frame in a range from the succeeding frame judged by the judging unit to the specific frame.

REFERENCE PICTURE SELECTION METHOD AND APPARATUS - The reference picture selection method according to the present invention is a method for selecting a reference picture for a current bottom field, and includes: predicting a degree of a motion of the current bottom field using a specific field which precedes the current bottom field in coding order; setting reference picture candidates suitable for coding the current bottom field based on the predicted degree of motion; and selecting a reference picture of the current bottom field among the set reference picture candidates.

2010-06-17

20100150241

VIDEO CODING - A video signal is coded using predictive coding. The degree of quantisation that is applied is varied as a function of measures of predictive power, the idea being that a picture that is useful as a predictor for other pictures is worth coding well. These measures are formed in a pre-analysis of the pictures to obtain, for each macroblock analysed, a measure that depends on its similarity to a region for which it is a potential predictor. Preferably these measures are cumulative.

INFORMATION PROCESSING APPARATUS AND METHOD - An information processing apparatus includes: a coding mechanism for generating hierarchical data hierarchized in descending order of importance with respect to resolution from image data, and coding the hierarchical data for each hierarchy; and a redundancy coding mechanism for blocking the hierarchical data for each of the hierarchies using a block size determined for each of the hierarchies on the basis of dependencies of the hierarchies between pieces of the hierarchical data generated by the coding mechanism or between the hierarchical data and the image data, and performing redundancy coding to generate redundant data of the hierarchical data for each of the blocks.

2010-06-17

20100150244

Techniques for Scalable Dynamic Data Encoding and Decoding - Scalable techniques for dynamic data encoding and decoding are directed toward a system including a plurality of frame processing units. A main frame processing unit manages frame processing unit resource, dispatches frames to appropriate frame processing units. One or more auxiliary frame processing units encode or decode the non-reference frames dispatched by the main frame processing unit. The main frame processing unit encodes or decodes the reference frames and encodes or decodes non-reference frames if none of the auxiliary frame processing units are available.

2010-06-17

20100150245

Multimedia Stream Selection - Two or more video streams including a high quality video stream and a low quality video stream are simultaneously transmitted to the mobile communication device over the wireless network. All of the video streams carry the same video content but with different video quality. The high quality video stream is transmitted with a relatively low margin and the low quality video stream is transmitted with a relatively high margin. The mobile communication device can select the high quality video stream when channel conditions are favorable, and may select the low quality video stream when the channel conditions are not good enough to support the high quality video stream.

STAGGERCASTING WITH NO CHANNEL CHANGE DELAY - An Advanced Television Systems Committee Digital Television (ATSC DTV) mobile, or handheld, device comprises a receiver for receiving a signal that includes a mobile DTV channel, which is transmitted in StaggerCast form comprising an FEC (Forward Error Correcting) stream and an encoded stream delayed in time from the FEC stream for conveying program content. The receiver decodes the received encoded stream for providing the program content and, if errors are detected in the received encoded stream, uses the received FEC stream to attempt to correct the errors. However, when the uses changes programs, or channels, to a different StaggerCast stream, the receiver decodes a received encoded stream of the different StaggerCast stream for providing the new program content even though for an initial period of time error correction by the receiver is severely limited.

2010-06-17

20100150250

DIGITAL MEDIA USAGE IN RESPONSE TO IMPACT DATA - Methods, including service methods, articles of manufacture, systems, articles and programmable devices are provided for providing digital media content as a function of embedded environmental impact data. When a digital multimedia item is received, an embedded environmental impact value is decoded and the item is utilized as a function of the decoded embedded environmental impact value. Some methods further comprise accounting for amounts and types of energy used in creating the item to calculate an environmental impact value for the item, and the calculated environmental impact value embedded within digital data of the item.

2010-06-17

20100150251

DIGITAL BROADCASTING SYSTEM AND METHOD - A digital broadcasting system and method, where the digital broadcasting system includes: a transmission stream generator multiplexing a normal stream and a turbo stream to generate a dual transmission stream; a transmitter inserting an supplementary reference signal (SRS) into the dual transmission stream, processing the turbo stream to reconstitute the dual transmission stream, and outputting the reconstituted dual transmission stream; and a receiver receiving the reconstituted dual transmission stream, separately turbo decoding the turbo stream, inserting the turbo decode turbo stream into the dual transmission stream, and decoding the dual transmission stream into which the turbo decoded turbo stream has been inserted, to restore normal stream data and turbo stream data. Thus, reception sensitivity of a digital broadcasting signal can be efficiently improved.

2010-06-17

20100150252

Multimedia Stream Combining - Two or more video streams including a high quality video stream and a low quality video stream are simultaneously transmitted to the video receiving device over the wireless network. All of the video streams carry the same video content but with different video quality. The high quality video stream is encoded using an unequal error protection code so that first components (e.g., high frequency components) receive a higher level of error protection than second components (e.g., low frequency components). The video receiving device can select the high quality video stream when channel conditions are favorable. When channel conditions are not good enough to support the high quality video stream, the video receiving device determines whether the first components of the high quality video stream with the greater error protection are usable. If so, the video receiving device combines the first components of the high quality video stream with the low quality video stream. Otherwise, the video receiving device outputs the low quality video stream.

2010-06-17

20100150253

Efficient Adaptive Mode Selection Technique For H.264/AVC-Coded Video Delivery In Burst-Packet-Loss Networks - A method of an efficient adaptive mode selection for H.264/AVC-coded video delivery in burst-packet-loss networks to generate the image data of the missing macroblocks in the decoded current frame by using the information related to the spatial redundancy in the same frame and the temporal redundancy in the inter frames is disclosed. The method first employs the Intra High-Speed Spatial Error Concealment (SEC) method for the initial frame. For the succeeding inter frames, the Temporal Error Concealment (TEC) method is used when the Adjacent External Boundary Matching Error (AEBME) of the surrounding macroblocks is not more than the dynamic threshold (DT

2010-06-17

20100150254

COMMUNICATION DEVICE INCORPORATING BEAMFORMING HANDSHAKING - A communication device includes a wireless transmitter, a wireless receiver, and a processing module. The wireless transmitter, the wireless receiver, and/or the processing module facilitate: a control-level communication with another communication device using initial transmit beamforming parameters and initial receive beamforming parameters; a handshake communication with the other communication device to determine adjustments of at least one of the initial transmit beamforming parameters and the initial receive beamforming parameters to produce at least one of adjusted transmit beamforming parameters and adjusted receive beamforming parameters; and a normal-level communication with the other communication device using the at least one of the adjusted transmit beamforming parameters and the adjusted receive beamforming parameters.

SELECTIVE PEAK POWER REDUCTION - The present invention provides a technique for reducing the peak power of a combined signal that has a first signal of a first modulation type and a second signal of a second modulation type. Based on the combined signal, peak reduction distortion is determined. The peak reduction distortion is configured such that, if applied to the entirety of the combined signal, excessive peaks throughout the combined signal would be reduced. However, instead of applying the entirety of the peak reduction distortion, a selected portion of the peak reduction distortion is applied to a corresponding portion of the combined signal to reduce the peak power of the combined signal.

2010-06-17

20100150257

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR ESTIMATING TIMING OFFSET IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method for estimating timing offset in an OFDM wireless communication system using preamble and pilot includes: estimating a carrier offset by using preamble included in a currently received OFDM packet and estimating a first timing offset based on the estimated carrier offset to thereby produce a first timing offset estimation value; estimating a second timing offset to thereby produce a second timing offset estimation value by transforming the OFDM packet into signals of frequency domain and using a pilot signal of the frequency-domain signals; checking a channel condition based on packet error information of a previously received packet to thereby produce error condition information, and selecting one between the first timing offset estimation value and the second timing offset estimation value based on the error condition information; and compensating data signals for timing offset among the frequency-domain signals the based on the selected timing offset estimation value.

2010-06-17

20100150258

NEAR SOFT-OUTPUT MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD DETECTION FOR MULTIPLE-INPUT MULTIPLE-OUTPUT SYSTEMS USING REDUCED LIST DETECTION - A method and apparatus for generating soft-decision output values for a set of transmitted spatial streams in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system are described. The apparatus includes a processor and memory with executable instructions. A plurality of constellation points for respective transmitted spatial streams are looped over to estimate values for other transmitted streams based at least in part on Reduced List Detection (RLD). The plurality of constellation points is a subset of all possible constellation points determined around a spatial stream where more constellation points are assigned to spatial streams with a weaker signal strength than for spatial streams with a stronger signal strength. A set of distance metrics as values of the plurality of constellation points for the respective transmitted spatial streams are determined. Soft-decision outputs for the respective transmitted streams based at least in part on the set of distance metrics are generated.

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR MINIMIZING EFFECTS OF TRANSMITTER IMPAIRMENTS IN MULTIPLE INPUT MULTIPLE OUTPUT (MIMO) BEAMFORMING COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS - Aspects of a method and system for minimizing effects of transmitter impairments in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) beamforming communication systems are presented. In one aspect of a system for minimizing effects of transmitter impairments, a MIMO transmitter may enable nulling of transmitter-induced noise by adjusting at least a portion of a plurality of signals transmitted based on a transmitter error vector magnitude (EVM). The transmitter may enable transmission of the plurality of signals subsequent to the nulling. In another aspect of a system for minimizing effects of transmitter impairments a MIMO receiver may enable nulling of transmitter-induced noise contained in a plurality of received signals based on a transmitter EVM. Each of the plurality of received signals may include information contained in a plurality of spatial streams. The receiver may enable detecting estimated values for the information contained in the plurality of spatial streams based on the nulling.

2010-06-17

20100150261

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING SELECTIVE MAPPING FOR MEMORY-LESS DEMODULATION AND RELATED METHODS - A wireless communication system may include a first wireless communications device, and a second wireless communications device. The first wireless communications device may include a wireless transmitter, and a modulator coupled to the wireless transmitter for modulating input data to generate a Gaussian phase shift keyed signal having a selected data symbol mapping. The second wireless communications device may include a wireless receiver, and a demodulator coupled to the wireless receiver for demodulating the Gaussian phase shift keyed signal using memory-less symbol decisions based upon the selected data symbol mapping.

2010-06-17

20100150262

APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR AMPLIFYING SIGNAL AND WIRELESS TRANSMITTER USING THE SAME - Provided are a signal amplifying apparatus and method and a wireless transmitter using the same. The signal amplifier includes a polar coordinate converter configured to output an envelope signal and a phase signal by converting a signal to a polar coordinate, a multilevel quantizer configured to output a multilevel quantized signal by quantizing the envelope signal to multiple levels, an amplification state controller configured to control an amplification state using the multilevel quantized signal, and a power amplifier configured to amplify the phase signal according to the controlled amplification state.

2010-06-17

20100150263

METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR COMMUNICATING INFORMATION IN A DIGITAL SIGNAL - The present invention relates to a communication method, system and signal, and in particular to a method and system for communicating information in a digital signal. It has particular application to satellite or terrestrial packet-based multi-user radio communication systems. A method for communicating information in a digital signal comprising data symbols is disclosed, wherein the information is encoded in a sequence characteristic of pilot symbols distributed amongst the data symbols, such that a receiver is able to determine the sequence characteristic and retrieve the transmitted information. The invention allows information to be encoded into a sequence characteristic of pilot, symbols, rather than relying on modulating such information onto the pilot symbols themselves. This allows a significantly larger number of pieces of information to be transmitted than hitherto possible, and the technique is more resistant to large frequency errors than prior techniques.

2010-06-17

20100150264

Precoder Design for Different Channel Lengths - Apparatus and methods construct parameters for a unit associated with a precoder to a channel. Embodiments include forming a plurality of values for precoder constructions, where the values may be obtained from applying a transmission quality criterion to each precoder construction for varying channels lengths. Each precoder construction may be built for a predetermined channel length with a different channel length for each precoder construction. A subset of the precoder constructions operate substantially over the entire distance range covered by the varying channels lengths.

2010-06-17

20100150265

ANTENNA SELECTION METHOD AND RADIO COMMUNICATION DEVICE - There is provided an antenna selection method and others capable of reducing a transmission error ratio and a calculation amount. In this method, a reception side feeds back M-column channel estimation matrix H_e to a transmission side (ST

2010-06-17

20100150266

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CODEBOOK-BASED FEEDBACK IN A CLOSED LOOP WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - A method and apparatus are provided for feedback for closed-loop transmitting with multiple transmit antenna elements and multiple receive antenna elements. A base station includes a codebook containing sets of weightings for the multiple transmit antenna elements, with each set of weightings identified by an index and the codebook known to the base station and a served mobile station (MS). The base station pre-codes pilot signals using a precoding matrix, preferably a unitary matrix, to produce pre-coded pilot signals, which precoding matrix may or may not be known to the MS and which precoding matrix may or may not be included in the codebook. The base station then transmits the pre-coded pilot signals to the MS via the multiple transmit antenna elements and, in response, receives an index to a set of weightings in the codebook for use in a subsequent transmission of a data stream.

2010-06-17

20100150267

PRECODING WITH REDUCED FEEDBACK FOR COORDINATED MULTIPOINT TRANSMISSION ON THE DOWNLINK - Techniques for reducing the number of bits needed to specify the best precoding vector for each mobile station in a wireless communication network that employs multi-point transmission are disclosed. An exemplary method begins with the estimation of path loss between a mobile station and each of a plurality of geographically separated transmitter sites, each transmitter site having at least one transmitter antenna. Based on the estimated path losses, one of a plurality of pre-determined subsets (codebooks) of a pre-determined set of antenna precoding vectors is selected. A group index identifying the selected subset is then transmitted to the mobile station. Subsequently, a vector index is received from the mobile station, the vector index corresponding to a precoding vector in the selected subset, and data is transmitted to the mobile station, using the precoding vector applied to the transmitter antennas at the plurality of transmitter sites.

SIGNAL MODULATING DEVICE, SIGNAL TRANSMITTING METHOD, AND CODE GENERATING METHOD - The present invention relates to a signal modulation device, a transmission method, and a code generation method. The signal modulation device includes a code storage unit including a plurality of n-bit members and storing a code with a number n or n−1 of different bits between two neighboring members, and a mapper for mapping data on symbols according to the code.

2010-06-17

20100150270

SIGNAL PROCESSING CIRCUIT AND RECEIVER USING THE SAME - A signal processing circuit includes a decimation filter which down-samples over-sampled first three-phase digital signals to obtain second three-phase digital signals, and a converter which subjects the second three-phase digital signals to a three-phase to IQ conversion, and obtains orthogonal digital signals.

2010-06-17

20100150271

MODULATED CLOCK, AN IC INCLUDING THE MODULATED CLOCK AND A METHOD OF PROVIDING A MODULATED CLOCK SIGNAL FOR POWER CONTROL - A modulated clock, a method of providing a modulated clock signal, an integrated circuit including a modulated clock and a library of cells including a modulated clock. In one embodiment, the modulated clock includes (1) a clock controller configured to generate a digital control stream and (2) clock logic circuitry having a first input configured to receive a clock signal and a second input configured to receive the digital control stream. The clock logic circuitry is configured to provide a modulated clock signal in response to the clock signal and the digital control stream, wherein the modulated clock signal has an effective frequency that differs from the first frequency.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR BINARY PHASE SHIFT KEY DEMODULATOR USING PHASE SHIFTER - Disclosed is a binary phase shift key (BPSK) demodulating device using a phase shifter and a method thereof. The BPSK demodulating device includes an I signal generator to generate an in-phase (I) signal from a received BPSK signal, a Q signal generator to generate a quadrature-phase (Q) signal from the received BPSK signal, using a plurality of phase shifters, an oscillator to generate a first signal to separate a baseband signal, and a determining unit to determine a transmission phase angle based on the I signal and the Q signal.

2010-06-17

20100150274

Method and System for Determining a Signal Vector - A method for determining a signal vector comprising a plurality of components from a received signal vector is provided comprising performing a QR decomposition of a channel matrix characterizing the communication channel via which the signal vector was received and being expanded by variance information about the noise on the communication channel carrying out a plurality of determination steps using the QR decomposition of the expanded channel matrix, wherein in each step a set of possible sub-vectors of the signal vector is determined and wherein in each step, the number of possible sub-vectors in the set is lower than a predefined maximum number, and selecting one vector of the set of possible sub-vectors determined in the last step of the plurality of determination steps as the signal vector.

2010-06-17

20100150275

Systems and Methods for Digitizing Multiple Channels in a Receiver - Systems and methods for mitigating multipath signals in a receiver are provided. In this regard, a representative system, among others, includes a radio frequency (RF) front-end and at least one analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The RF front-end receives FM signals and down-converts the received frequency signals to intermediate frequency (IF) signals. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) receives the intermediate frequency signals and digitizes multiple FM channels around a desired FM channel associated with the down-converted signals. The system further includes multiple sets of digital processing components that are configured to simultaneously receive and process the digitized multiple channels. The multiple sets of digital processing components include at least two parallel channel selection and demodulation paths in which the respective digitized multiple channels are processed therethrough.

2010-06-17

20100150276

Digital Radio Tagging Using an RF Tuner Accessory - An accessory having an RF tuner for digital radio, such as HD radio, can be in communication with a media player such as a portable media device (“PMD”). The user can be given the ability to command the accessory to provide raw digital data, the ability to scan only for stations having digital audio content (or for all available stations), the ability to provide station lists of stations having digital audio content (or all available stations), and the ability to request and store metadata beyond that for stations actually being listened to provide enhanced search capabilities. Enhanced metadata and searching can provide the listener the ability to refine station choices without having to listen at length to any particular station, and further can facilitate tagging broadcast tracks for subsequent access and/or purchase.

2010-06-17

20100150277

METHOD FOR DETECTING RANDOM ACCESS SIGNAL - Provided is a method for detecting random access signal, and the method includes detecting a peak position of a random access signal in a first preamble section and ignoring the random access signal apart from the peak position for less than a certain distance in a second preamble section adjacent to the first preamble section.

2010-06-17

20100150278

RECEIVER FOR HIGH-SPEED WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND CONTROL METHOD THEREOF - An apparatus for reducing power consumption of a receiver in a high-speed wireless communication system and a control method thereof are provided. The apparatus for processing a signal in a receiver of a wireless communication system includes a carrier sensor configured to sense a carrier used in the wireless communication system, a decoder configured to decode the detected carrier signal to a signal and data, and a controller configured to control supplying power and a clock only to the carrier sensor during carrier sensing, and supplying power and a clock to an overall receiver when a carrier is sensed.

2010-06-17

20100150279

SIGNAL DETECTION IN MULTIPLE-INPUT-MULTIPLE-OUTPUT COMMUNICATION SYSTEM - Methods and apparatuses for detecting signals in a MIMO communication system include receiving symbols coded into pairs using a space-time code. Estimating a channel matrix that identifies the response between multiple transmit and receive antennas in the MIMO communication system. Performing a QR factorization on the channel matrix to obtain Q and R matrices. Determining a receive vector corresponding to a plurality of transmitted symbols received by the multiple receive antennas and transforming the receive vector based upon the Q matrix. Estimating a value of at least two received symbols to determine at least two estimated symbols. Then removing a contribution of the estimated symbols from the receive vector to determine a revised received vector. Estimating a value of at least two additional received symbols to determine at least two additional estimated symbols.

2010-06-17

20100150280

METHODS, APPARATUS, AND SYSTEMS FOR UPDATING LOGLIKELIHOOD RATIO INFORMATION IN AN nT IMPLEMENTATION OF A VITERBI DECODER - Methods and circuits comprising a reliability measurement unit (RMU) for generating log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values corresponding to 1T for use in a soft output Viterbi algorithm (“SOVA”) decoder. The RMU operates with an nT clock signal. 1T signals generated by an add, compare, select circuit (ACS) of the SOVA generates 1T decision data and a path equivalency detector generates 1T path equivalency information for 1T SOVA decoding and applies the 1T data to the RMU operating with an nT clock frequency (1/n'th that of the 1T clock signal). The nT RMU receives a plurality of 1T inputs on each nT clock signal pulse and generates 1T LLR information for use by the SOVA decoder. Other components of the SOVA may also operate using the nT clock signal pulse or may operate using a 1T clock signal.