China

China, officially the People's Republic of China, is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country. The Chinese Communist Party governed the nation and exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities, and the spe

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China, officially the People's Republic of China, is a unitary sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country. The Chinese Communist Party governed the nation and exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities, and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.

China was one of the earliest civilizations on Earth. Its political system was based on hereditary monarchies, or dynasties, beginning with the semi-legendary Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE. The first Chinese dynasty was the Qin after conquering the territories that formed modern China. Throughout its history, China has expanded, fractured, and re-unified numerous times. Chinese civilization reached its peak during the Tang dynasty and spread its influence as far as Mesopotamia and Somalia. Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution, as a republic and replacing the Qing dynasty.

The Republic of China ruled by the Kuomintang attempted to modernize into a democratic state, but was deeply divided by political division and eventually falling into civil war against the Chinese communists in 1927. The situation worsen when China was invaded by the Empire of Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Although the Kuomintang and communists established a temporary truce to fight the Japaneses as the war merged into World War II, hostility between the two parties continued. After Japan was defeated, the civil war resumed and was ultimately won by the communists in 1949, and the People’s Republic of China was established while the Kuomintang fled to Taiwan.