NEW DELHI — Child welfare officials filed suit Friday against a couple whose 13-year-old domestic worker was found locked in their house for several days without food while the family reportedly vacationed in Bangkok, an incident that raised questions here about the values of India’s expanding middle class. The alleged mistreatment was even more shocking to many because the husband-and-wife employers were both doctors.

The girl, who was not identified, told local television reporters her food ran out soon after the family left on an extended holiday. With the doors and windows of the house sealed, she became increasingly hungry and desperate, eventually prying open a…