Specific enthalpy (h) is defined as h=u+Pν, where u is the specific internal energy (Btu/lbm) of the system being studied, P is the pressure of the system (lbf/ft2), and ν is the specific volume (ft3/lbm) of the system. Enthalpy is usually used in connection with an "open" system problem in thermodynamics. Enthalpy is a property of a substance, like pressure, temperature, and volume, but it cannot be measured directly.

Normally, the enthalpy of a substance is given with respect to some reference value. For example, the specific enthalpy of water or steam is given using the reference that the specific enthalpy of water is zero at .01°C and normal atmospheric pressure. The fact that the absolute value of specific enthalpy is unknown is not a problem, however, because it is the change in specific enthalpy (Δh) and not the absolute value that is important in practical problems. Steam tables include values of enthalpy as part of the information tabulated.