Ten of ethnological missions in Sahara and sub-Sahara Africa from 1979, especially Cameroon and Mali, In Cameroon and Nigeria, I have first studied Fulani Islamic States which formation has been made by Fulani Jihad in 19th century and concluded that their economical power became from Cattle economy. My first thesis for sub-Sahara civilization consists in the importance of pastoral people's economic political and religious power. My second thesis which is derived also from my own field studies on Djennée and Tombouctou is the importance of Trans-Sahara Trade. The third is the importance of the vast flood plains of the Niger River, foyers for pastoral people, rice cultivating people and fishing peoples. From this kind of point of view I have written many articles and participated in many seminars and symposium against desertifcation.
2). At Djennée where I have worked as anthropologist from 1986 realizing the serious desaster of drought, I have created a grass root voluntary associat

1. Boarding member and Editer in chief for the Japanese Association for Arid Land Studies
2. Boarding member of a Japanese NGO Action for Greening Sahel.
3. Boarding member of Dental Djennée (grass root voluntary association of young in Djennée)
4. Visiting researcher of the Arid Land Rsearch Center, Toltori University
5. Member of Djennée Patrimoine