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Weekly Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1841), 1848-07-26

Weekly Ohio State journal (Columbus, Ohio : 1841), 1848-07-26 page 1

WEEKLY 0 0 STATE 0 UN AT u a i i i n h i 1 1 JLXJI VOLUME XXXVIII. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, JULY 2G, 1848. NUMBER 47. t'UULISIIKI) EVEHY WEDNESDAY MUKNINU BY TI11ULL & 11KED. Jfflce in the Journal Building south cut corner of High trout anil Sugar alloy. WM. B. THKaIlAM) HENRY KEEP, Editohs. 7T K M S : Tiirkk Domaiia Pr.R annum.wIiicIi maybediac.hiirgnd bv the payment of Two Dollaub in advance, and froe ot postage, or of por cont'iffc to Agouti or Co'lo-cinri. . . . Tim Journal is oIho published Duly mid Tn-Weekly du riig tlie year j Daily, por annum, 7 i Tri-Woekly , MONDAY EVENING, JULY IT, 18 H. I'ichnwny nd Rom. An errand of business took us a few days since into the eountiei of Pickaway and Ross, Tho weather for more than two week hud been unfavorable for housing the crop of wheat, which was cut and Hood ihockcd in the fields. A favorable change in the weather having now occurred, the farmer! were every where bu-ily engaged in gathering in their crop. We could not learn that any material damage liai been luatained to the cropi in coniequence of the recent raini, though much wu apprehended from a continuance of wet weather. That danger ii now chiefly paaicd and the farmer could hardly conceive uf belter weather fur hit purposes thnn lie is now enjoying. We arrived at Circleville on Thursday evening and found Iho Whig firea were burning brightly. The Donkey " Committee- of Public Safely" for the Ninth Arondissement, can neither put out the Area nor alille the light, teaming that a meeting waa to he held at a country achool home, four miles from town, we accompanied a friend to the place for the porpoae of iee-ing the preaenl model of doing the clean thing by our old friends, the Whig! of Pickaway. A numeroua ai-aemblage waa anon collected ; quite too numeroua to attempt to gain admittance for half of them in tlu school house. Bo a roatrum waa provided in the open air, from which Megan. J. 11 Geiger, Nelson Franklin, and T. C. Jonei addressed the meeting. They were occiitionally responded to in a itylo that made the neighboring foreata echo the popular shouts.Ex-Sen-ator Fkasklin, especially, waa occnionally rich and racy. He had a word of warning and exhortation for hit "Democratic" friendi the genuine portion of which have alill a large aha re of hia aympnlliy, while he haa no great partiality for the "cork-leg Democrat!," which we learned wero thoae who follow the lead of the renowned " Doctor Olds," who goea fur revolution and ruin, whenever ha ia not allowed to rule. He warned them that it waa the purpura of the Whiga to end thoni, bag and baggage, up Halt li ver. Againat tint he protealed, aa bring cruel and unnecessary. Cruel, because the climate there did not agree with them, and they never had prospered in exile tin-re. Vnntctssary, because there wai an ample territoryun-occuph-d, which ht-lmiged to the in of hght,and to which their title ia "clear and indisputable," to which they might reaort. It waa that portion of Oregon between 4'J and " 54 40." The greatest confidence and ctilhu-aiaam aeeuia to pervade the masses, and we would not be aurpriacd aha u Id their niajoriliea equal thoite of Our errand calling ua to within a few milea of Chil-licothe, we found our way to the Ancient Metropolis, where the Wliiga of Ross were in council, and to be addresned by Thomai Ewixa. Mr. Ewing'i speech waa like the man plain, atrong, and direct. It waa devoted chiefly to national politic, and waa a power fill argument in favor of the elccliou of Geu. Taylor. The venerable Judge Scott presided over the meeting, which rendered atnkmgly apposite one of Mr. Ewing'i remark. The meeting waa held or rather it com-nienced ita proceedings in the old State Houae, where the Constitution of Ohio was framed ; but in consequence of the crowd inside, and many being unable to gain admit'ance, an adjournment took place to tho court-yard. Alluding to the late revolutionary demonstrations in this State, (which Mr. E. deprecated aa exerting a pernicious influence upon the body politic,) the speaker addressed himself directly to tho venerable Preai-dent of the meeting, whose name he aaw attached to the Constitution of Ohio, attesting that instrument un-der which the Slate haa grown and prospered beyond all parallel, and enquired, " Wsa it the intention and purpose of those fa l hen of the State with whom you were associated in framing this Constitution, to leave it ao loose, that Doctor Olds and fourteen of his aso cialea might get together at pleasure in a room of Kel-ey'i tavern and repeat that instrument ?" The old Judge gavu, of course, an emphatic negative to a pro position ao absurd and the effect, resulting from the or cation, the acene and the events, waa electrifying. Domain ia no go in Rosa and meeta with no more favor in Pickaway. And we predict that by the month of Oe toner, the " rrlutiona of the 10th of May," will find aa niiirh dillirulty to find a responsible au-hor, aa ever Japheth had in quest of his lather. Doctor Duucun. Ai.i:x. Duncan, of Hamilton county, (a rather ton tie Christian,) announces in the Cincinnati Enquirer, that he " will be a candidate " for Congress at the coming election. Wo auppose from the positive manner in which he announces the fact, that there is no resisting his " will " in tins particular so that the Karaua, and Ewingst and Rceineluis may adjust themselves to the "circumstances " in which they are placed, with the beat grace they can. The great coon-dresser is " in favor uf Gen. Cass "and he is also " opposed to the introduction of slavery into any territory on this continent, where slavery doea not now exist. All of whirl) he will cxplaiu more fully as he may meet the voters of Hamilton county hereafter." From this it will be seen that although the learned Doctor ia opposed to the extension of slavery, he ia at the same lime in favor uf a president! candidate who ia pledged to rtto any m -aaure for limiting llut " institution." To a plain, unlearned mind, this would seem to iu volve aoiuewhat of inconsistency ; but possibly Doctor Duncau'a professional skill may enable him to form an amalgam of these incoherent and antagonistic particles of "democratic principle," It will remain to bo aern whether ' ifo Voters ol Hamilton County" will swallow the bolus after he haa compounded it. Q.j The Cincinnati (inquirer of yesterday contains the valedictory of Julia Dhoioii, Esq , who now re tires from the editorial charge of thai paper, leaving U in tho handa of his brother, Col. C. 11. Hrough, lately returned from Mexico. Mr. Drought has been one of the better sort uf the editors of his parly, and he carrlea with him our regrela at hie departure, and our g od wiahea for hia auceeaa in whatever calling he may employ hia energies and hia abdities. Although often deeply and fundamentally wrong, Mr. Druugh haa been, at limes, far in advance of hit party in the right; and it hit been on these occasions that he haa exhibited those talents and that Amine which have placed hi in before the eyea of the people aa a leading spirit. Col. Wkllk'i Dm-knci,. The Commissioners of Duller county filed their bill in Chancery against John U. Wellor, charging him, aa one of the commis sioners of the Surplus Revenue fund, with being in dcbled to that fund in the sum of eleven thousand dollars and interest, which ho does not py, Ao. Ac To this Col, Weller cornea and defends. And in whai doea that defence consist? Why, Col. Welter doea not deny that he haa the money. He doea not traverae the facta aet forth in the bill, llut he aaya that he ought not to be called upon to answer the charges and allegations of the complainants bill, be cause, ho aaya the aaid suit waa commenced by and in the name of the commissioners of the county of U tiller, whereas in fact said suit might to have been com menced by and in the name of the l'roaeouliug Attor ney of said county. llestands up to the fight at law, just about at well as he did in the ware Tim Ei.kvkn Thousand Doli.an IIkho This fan. cy specimen of a military braggart engrafted upon a civil defaulter, ia on hia way to the Northwest this week and next, to give tin boys along the Auglaite, Hlanchard'a and the Maumee, a las to f Ins quality We learn hy letters from that part of the Slate thai they have heard of the individual before and we know that tome of them know hia speech so well that they can repeal it quite aa fluently aa he himself can giving all the variations, both of manner and matter Timet will be rich there ; but he muat look out that they don't play him aoine gamea that he never learn ed yet, cither in Mexico or Washington. Every Whig paper in Pennsylvania heart aloft the nanner inscribed with the names of 1 ay lor and rill more. The Campnlga in the State, The Ohio Statesman of July II Hi, thus indicate Ihe course which it intenda to pursue in the political warfare of the year ; pointing out at the aame time to its Batellitea their courae, in order that their attocka may he harmonious and their effort! effective. It aaya : " When slavery of the black man ia talked about, let ua not forget the system of special legmlntion that would make slaves of wiiite men. When the monopoly of the public lands ia condemned, be careful that you do not vole for men who would create a still worse monopoly of money, by perpetual corporate privilege. If freedom of speech, ia held up in its pristine beauty, let not your ballots be caul for the revival of Ihe system of high tariff, that builds up slave dens for white children, whose early training to overwork in confined atmospnerea, leaves a blanch upon the cheek, and a depression of spirits that illy quali. fiea them for the stern action of freemen. When freedom of tho soil ia dwelt upon with glowing elo-qunnce, be careful that you do not vole into office inon who would, by their scheinos of bank monopolies and infamously unequal tax laws, rob you by tax collectors of what little property you have already got." That is to aay every question that now comes up before the people, rendered prominent by the course of human events, and mado interesting by the progress of mankind's advance towards perfection must be carefully and scrupulously avoided. Democracy ia no longer progressive. It ia unprepared upon the great questions thatagitute humanity and hll the world of mind with topics of anxious thought and animated discussion. It calls a halt. It cries: "Let ua go back to the broken idols that we once made the people to worship, if peradventuro they will again be deceived and fall down in adoration. When the woes, the Borrows, and the tears of the tons of Africa are spoken of, the conversation must be turned to the eastern factories. When measures are discussed to prevent the grasp of the speculator from holding in perpetuity ihe fairest portions of our national domain, let Ihe discourse change, aa soon as possible, to a lecture on banks. "If freedom of speech is held up in its pristine beauty," tell how Ihe poor women and children of New England voluntarily work themselves to death for their wages. ' When freedom of the toil ii dwelt upon with gloomy eloquence," you may utter tirades against Iho banks that furnish the people with a currency, or the tax laws under whose influence we are pay ing the debt of tho State. And these are the principles ol lliu Locofoco party of Ohio. 1. Opposition to the manufacturing interests of the country. 'J. Opposition to measures to prevent tho extension of slavery. 3. Opposition to freedom of speech. 4 Opposition to free territory. 5. Opposition to banking. G Opposition to the tax laws. And how ia the supremacy of this mass of negative falsehood to be secured ? Are the people of the State uf Ohio aware thai for this there haa existed for Ihe past six months a conspiracy to overthrow the Constitution of our State to subvert it government, and In place, for the tune being, the supreme power in the hands of a clique of farlioiia diaorgaitizers I" bo employed by (hem as their lust of power and its perquisite should dictate? And are they aware that in tho original plan, which haa not since been modified, this overthrow of Constitution and Law was to be secured, if necessary, even at the cnnl of the blood and the lives of our fellow ciliiena; and that a howl for human gore a scream for slaughter went forth aa the harbinger of the car of ihe revolution ? RntlHeniion Ht Lexington The Whigs of Fayette county, Kentucky, held a meeting on Monday last, at Iexingtun. Col. William nodes was called to the Chpir,and D. C. W icklilfe was appointed Secretary. The meeting was ably and elo quently addressed, in favor of ratifying the nomina tions of rri.oR and rn.t.voiu:, hy lion. Gen. Rob. ertson, F K Hunt, and E K. Siiyres, Exqs , of Lexington, D. Walter llradahaw, of Louisiana, and lion. William Drown, of Illinois. The meeting without a dissenting voice, resolved, that " we Whig of Fayette, here asaembled, though the Whig pirty of our county would neither have preferred the nominations aa made, or concurred in all the proceedings in the said Convention, will, nevertheless, in good faith and by all proper means, endeavor to suntain the distinguished nominees at the polls considering them, at we all do consider them, both worthy of trust and con fidence both hoiieat, patriotic and capable both ciliiena of upright lives and of illusions service buth nppoifd to Ekeculive usurpation and aelfixh patronage and both sincerely in fjvor of a pure, cousei vative. It'ufhintftaniun administration of the General Govern ment, for promoting the welfare of all classes and sec tions, ana securing the honor and peaceful triumph uf our free inntitutioua. llut whilst, for the foregoing reasons, we concur cheerfully in the support of (ten, Taylor, we consider it but candid and just to announce, as our opinion, lint Kentucky would prefer her own Hknry Clav to any living man for the Chief Migistraey of our glu-rioua Union." G:n. Cass on Si.avkiiy in thk TrntuTunir t. The profile cannot in mast abolish sUvery, because their only legitimate mode of action is through the nictmeiits of their Legislative body. if. The legis lature ol a territory cannot do it, because it does not possess the torrrtiunty, that attribute Iteing by the Constitution vested in Congress, 3. Congress has no right to abolish slavery in the territories. Then-fore, according to the dclriues of (ten. Cass aa laid down in his Nicholson letter, there is no power under heaven that can aboluh slavery in a territory of the United States, or prevent ita introduction. BT The Ihltimore Sun eaye: The State Hank of Ohio haa become Ihe most important money institution on this continent. With thirty-seven branches cover ing the whole State all bound together with one com- iimn interest, and in all important resiecta all govern- d by one head, the Board ot Control. It now issuea five and a half millions of currency sustaiua an ac commodation line, in the way of notes and hills discounted, of ae vera I millions; holds two millions of specie, and haa a cah capital of $:i,400,0t)0. QJ' Howe's Circus, with da Arabs, it in town, and to ia a prominent and somewhat remarkable leader in tho late Revolution. The peculiar personal appearance of the long haired democrat hud the r fleet to deceive the boys about town, who followed hun, with eyes full of wonder, from pUcu to place, imagining hun to be a real Hedouin emigrant from tho wilds of Arabia, and calculating with great confidence on hia auppwd proficiency in the art uf ground and lofty tumbling. Dklawahr Coi-ntv Wmiq 1'onvntio. A call from the Central Committee of Delaware county, fix- the day for the Whig Convention of that county, on Monday, the Hist inst. Washington Count v. ihe Whig Convention for this county ia to be holden on Tuesday, August 1st. tLT The following is one of the volunteer toasts giv en at the celebration uf the Fourth, iu Itarrisburgh, Pennsylvania : Hy C M. Shell. Gen. Lewis Casa-Oh! (if nra t'aia you eannnt pass. Your ' tckutr or nun " all ran tn itrass Inle " mera " and Hit " harbors " too, Will run lltmr snatft tock into yoa. DT The able article headed " Dorrism What has become of it? " which waa published in our pipor uf Saturday, was taken from, and should have beencred. ited to tho Lima Reporter. And, hy (be way, where a tho revolution t Corrvipoadence uf the Journal. W AntNiiTON, July 13, 184r. Mr."n. Editors The news from all quarters this morning ia favorable tn the W hig cause, and particularly from Pennsylvania. Many gentlemen who have been leaden in the Democratic party in the State, have lately come nut for lien. Taylor. Among them ia a uenileman ot high standing in llarrisburuh, for many years chairman uf the Democratic Ceulral Committee. Yours, truly. Calling at the Pnt Oilice for our paera,a morning nr two since, we ("mind a Liberty man and a Locofoco exulting over the discovery they had made, that the Taylor flg" did not apnar at the head of the eo-luntna of the Slate Journal. It it not unl'requenily in a daily issue that turn omission oerur, but we can assure this antimts "trm" that the State Journal waa me of Hie first to raise the dag in Ohio, and it ia not probable that it will be taken dwn until the pntapecla of (Afir candidate are demolished on the ?th ol November. Mind that. CeNaeriHl Hrftirttr, According to a Washington letlerin the New York I journal ot Commerce, the rTesiuenl a recent message lias carved out much additional work fur Congress. The intelligent writer aaya Should Congress go on and discharge their proper duties, they will have to mature and pass bills tor Hie ottlablishinent of rive territorial governments to wit: Nebraaka, Minnesota, Oregon, California, and New Mexico. Next, they muat provide for the defence of these territories which will ho no small matter, tho' the President it disposed to make light of it. Oregon ia now in the possession of the Indiana who are wa- ftng awar on ihe seitlers. California has not yet been talf conquered nor has Mexico. They have not been taken from the Mexicans yet, and with the Indians, in powerful tribes, we are yet to come into conflict. To he sure. Congress may neglect tho defence of these wide spread territories but the consequences will be long and expensive wars. Tho neglect of Oregon during tho last year, has brought on a war there- one that will cost more than the Florida war before we get through with it one that will give Oregon iubahitanta and make it a State, before we get through with il. Hesidei those nice warn with Indiana, iu Oregon and California and New Mexico, wo have tuken all the ucccKsary rtteps to get up a snug one nearer home with our old friends, the Semi dole a and their associates in their own new country, west of the Miasiaftippi Our legislation has been ao arbitrary and urgent in regard to the tribea removed, that the Semiuolea have sent a message to us, stating that if we don't do them justice, they wi.11 resent il adding, significantly " tho government of the United Stales kuowa what the Seminolea are, as enemies." Next we have another great qiieKtion which must be met, mid the sooner the better the adjustment of the boundary of Texas, which be'onga to Congress. The President haa aaauined, at he promiaed lo do, llml Texas extends to the Rio Grande, from its mouth to its aource, and yet he, in violation of the Constitution, set up a government within this territory which he concedes to be a part of Texas. Santa Fe, it seems, IS a part of Texas. Conresn will nut UMoeiil tn llio claim very readily, but they alone can decide the question. Tho President has no right In decide it. There are a great number of' other very important and urgent matters embraced in the President's message, and aoine equally important not in the message, which demand what Congress cannot give, in Ihe heat of summer and of n Presidents campaign attention, without reference lo party influence. Mr. Denton, ever prompt, linn nl ready reported, from the committee on Foreign Atfiirs, a hill to carry into efl'ect the stipulations of tho Treaty as to the payment of ttie claim of American citizeua on Mexico. The Hoard of Commissioners to ascertain them is to con. nisi of three persons, and tho time is limited to two years. The President, it seems, did fall into n mistake in stating that the instalments of the liquidated claims in Mexico were payable iu twenty annual instiilmenta. They were payable in twenty quarterly instalments, and every one is now due except the lust one, which falls due on the IlUth of this mouth. The committee on Foreign Att'-tirs of the Senate havo reported a hill for ascertaining and paying all iUvtv claims on Mexico, according to the stipulations of the treaty, and the provisions of the bill direct the immediate payment of the above mentioned liquidated claims, winch payment the PresHileut thought could be deferred, to as lo be paid out of revenue hereafter to accrue, as the instalments should become due. The Mt-cond section of ihe bill is a tome what remark-aht one, lor it directs that the claims reported by our commissioners to Ihe umpire, and by him returned to Ihe board without a favor aide decision on them, shall he considered as adjudicated and shall be paid accordingly. The nmoiiiil of claim coining within this category is nine hundred and thirty-eighl thousand dollars. You will remark that there it a million of dollars thus directed to be paid, independently of the claium which the Hoard of Coiumisitioners under the treaty of pence are to uncertain ; and that this million of dollars in to come otilof three-anii a quarter million to which Mr. Polk, without authority or reason, and in contra-dmlion to hia own repealed statement, limited the compensation of the American claimants. The lull establiihes a Hoard of Commisaioners, under the f)th article of the treaty of peace, to ascertain the American claims, but, iu contempt of that nrlicle, Congress aHuumes to decide what claims shall be paid without an investigation. Presentation of the Ntute Mcdul to Gen Ztich-ury Tavlor. A ceremony of a most interesting character took place on the 3d, at Ihe Si. Charles Hotel, al New Or leans. It was the presentation of the gold medal ordered by the State of Louisiana, as a gilt to Mnjor General Zachary Taylor. A number of persona were present at the presentation, although it was not generally known that it was to bo made. The speeches on the occasion were moat patriotic. When the medal had been presented, General Taylor replied aa follows : Gentlemen : These repeated acts of kindliest and generosity on the part of the patriotic State of Louisiana, ex:ite in my breast feclmgi and emotions winch defy nil utterance. A few months have elapsed since 1 received from your patriotic Governor, acting in behalf of Ihe high-minded citizens of this great State, a splendid sword voted to me tor my poor services in the (utiles of the Rio G ramie. And now you add to the debt of gratitude and thankfulness, wlnrh I owe my fellow citizens for that beautiful and highly prized memorial, by presenting me this splendid medal, winch is intended to refer lo my services iu the buttle of Du-ena ViMa. Gentlemen, whilst 1 highly appreciate the kindness and partiality which have prompted your State lo be stow this high honor upon me, 1 must in justice lo my brave companions in arms, asaure you that the merit that victory ia due to the bravo hearts and strong arinaol the g illant men wlio so tirmly withstood Uii oinel of the greatly preponderating force of the en tity. I liau ihe honor to be the leader of such men, four fifths of whom were citizen soldiers, and that, tho unh a distinction I highly appreciate, and 1 had long cherished as one ot the greatest 1 nave ever enjoyed, dove not entitle me lo more than a small share iu the honor and merit of that are at victory. I beg. genllemen, to assure you that I receive with Ihe liveliest emotions of pride and pleasure this truly splendid medal, and that I shall long preserve il as one of the moat valuhale nieimriala of the kindliest uf my lellow-citixeua ol Louisiana. Generals T.ylor, Duller, Twiggs and Patterson had a aortal rhat together on (fie 3uth, in a rootu at the St. Charles Hotel, New Orleans. Tho Delia, a neutral pap-T, thus speaks of the party i Them veterans formed a most interestinff croup. Tho cordial warm hearted intimacy and friendship which characterized their relation and conversation, Ihe pleasure, winch they teemed to take in the inter change o patriotic sentiments, and in proud and stir ring reminiscences uf Ihe danger lhroiit,'h winch they had pissed Ifave their reunion under lliu present cir- euoistaucet a deeply interesting anK-ct. It would he dithciiit to select lour more strongly marked men than these generals, (u-n. Taylor, though the least in sue and in personal ahowiness, nppeara liuly great in the simplicity ol hit address and the plain, homely, henr- ty style of hia every word and action. The old hero wore, on the present occasion, a complete mil of citi zens' dress, having no vestige of ihe soldier about him. 1 his it the first time wo have ever seen him wiihout some emblem or sign of his profession, lusayinglhal we think the citizens dress heroines him more than ihe soldiers', we trust we will not be considered as vi- laling our neutrality or expressing any views upon his prospects for the high civil post for which he haa been nominated Gen. Taylor looks reii.arknhly hearty and active. He seems not tn be contented with hit inactive position, but appears to be all ihe while de siring lo renew ihe busy caret and restless employ men i 01 active commanu in ine neiu. Foen IFArrs. The Washine-lon correspondent of llie iiew lora express, unuer daieol ine Bin instant, wnica : I have teen no lest than five Uvea of Cass, intended for different meridians. There were two editions issued in .March laat, and two in June ihe two in March re, in character, unlike those of June, and the two of June, like those of March, obviously designed for a southern and northern market. All attempisatexpla- naiion only make the matter worse. Hero are the books and hero are alleraiiona free trade opinions are inserted into one edition, and omitted in the other the letter to Nichol son, against the " Wilmot Proviso,' inserted in one, and opinions upon the French Revo. lutton taking its place in the other, instead of being Janus faced, therefore, Gen. Cass hat fur faces, one fur each of the d liferent points of the compass. He looks North and West in favor of internal improvements. Southward, he endorse! Mr. Polk'a notes ii gam si them, and approves of all that ho has done. He has two facet upon the Wilmot Proviso, two upon the I arm, two upon tue r retich Mngand Revolution and Ins friends have shown him up in to many wave, that he has more lives Ihan a eat. The last I havo seen ia in Gorman, and this ts expressly intended bv its omisxioua and additions, lo mislead and deceive that large portion of our adopted citizens, who dwell among us. These little tricks of liltle politicians, can hardly have any other effect, now that they art exposed, than to recoil upon thoae who make use of litem for party success. r,, if, The Ohio Statesman aaya that Cast will carry Ohio. ine m aiuiiugion union says to oecause mo mates-man says it, and the Cans Locofocos in other Stales, rceal it because they aee it in Union. Inasmuch as it all depends upon Ihe Statesman's assertion, our Vh"gs are not yet inclined to be seared. ZantttiHt tour nr. The natural lightning played a freak with the telegraph today, which will probably prevent ua from re- I reiving reports a week longer. It struck lh wires, broke the machinery, upset the operator, and kicked up a fuse generally. Toledo Html CT The following letter from tho New York Tri-bune'a correspondent at Pant, acquires additional in terest from the fact that it wai written but a few daya previous to the terrible scenes which have since transpired at the capital of France. By its light we are able to trace the causes wmc)i led to the outbreak, and in its descriptions wo have a view of the materials and element! out of which French revolutions and insurrections have had their origin and growth. PariaTau Incident! and Opinions. Paris Correspondence of the New York Tribune. Pahii, June 18, 1H4H. A caricature which haa just appeared, has created eoine sensation. Over the galea ot Paris the Prince do Joinville and Louis Napoleon are represented at meeting in the air. Tho former, seated on the Gallic cock, exclaims : " am the uncle of a nephew " (the Count do Parts;) Louis Napoleon, who is astride of an eagle, answers : " And i am lliu nephew of an un- Cie ; The pipera are calling attention to tho fact, that flinco eight days, Ihe treanuriei of the money changera have been flooded with Russian gold pieces, which usually are rarely Been here. Count Mole has offered himself to the Department of lliu Gironde, asa candidate for the National Assembly. Guizot only fails yet, lo complete the restoration of the minittcrial trinity of Louis Philippe, The Southern telegraph brought last night the intelligence thai a legitimist emeutc had broken out in N mines, which it was slated had occasioned great bloodshed. In Perpignan, also, a revolt against the additional lax had token place, and the troubles, in Gueret (Department de la Cieuae) frum a similar cause, still continue. The Monitrur of today contains a long, critical, hut exceedingly favorable article upon the poetical works of George llerwegh, the German Republican leader. It translates several uf hit finest poems, some uf which, as the " Song of Hale," and the " Fatherland," havd dnr. thwiv altera in aiuuilng many a Gorman luart. Herwegh has just written a splendid revolutionary lyric, entitled "The Sword of Freedom." The following is a translation of some of the most striking slanzas : "The strongest lovo at last will lire, When men her holy trust defame, And beats lor lier no heart of lire, Mie, weeping, llios to whence she catno ! " She flies yet may not wholly fail ' liut now her brow is slum mid bold Her limbs are c;med in irou iiihiI She is no inure llie love ol uld ! " Tit now loo lute for weak complaint) A word of power nwake tlieu, Ainu! If iu love'g ray thy courage faint. Lot strength con. plete what love began "' It waa said that aa Lainarliiiu waa about entering the Hull of Conference a few days since, a person stepped up to hun, with a menacing genture, at if intending lo attack hun, and exclaimed : " Poet, liiy lyro has sounded long enough I" Lainurtine, without exhibiting the slighlestemolion, calmly answered : " Wait a little while longer, and you may perhaps hear the song of the swmi !" June I'.l. A complete calm to-day. The papers contain nothing exciting, the streets are quiet, Ihe political goaaip dull. The alnrm'titM are trying to make a noise about the troubles in Lyona, iN mines and uuire ; the I'ntriu cries out emphatically : " The evening papers of Pans will appear, on the brmk of a volcano !" hut the Moniteur de Sotr nevertheless brings us the official anuouneeiiienl, llml according lo telegraphic Uts. prilchfrt received, the troubles in the departments, which were only of a local and political nature, had censed. The comma of Iho National workshops will take place to-morrow. A proclamation of the Minister of Labor requires alt workmen belonging to Ihese ealft-bliMlimenii lo remain in their dwelling from 7 liil I'i A. M. and to prepare their papers, Unit by their own eommisxariit, who go from limine to houxc, their identity may he recognized. Another proclamation of the same Minister shows that the material in the manufactories litis been exhausted, and the very numerous demands made upon llie in would bring about there-ac-cepiance of nil of the workmen. The Minister therefore invites all manufacturers, foremen uf workxhops and agriculturists, lo commence operations, and aka them lo communicate, to him the number of 1 1 borers ihey require, na he will furutih them from the National workdhops, al lliu uunl prices paid fur each particular kind of labor The MiniHter of War held a review of a part of iho garrison and Ihe Guard Mobile, ycMcrdny, on the Champ de Mars. Several papers pretend lo know that the Executive Com milieu has ordered the formation of a camp of .',il()ll men near Pans, on Ihe plain fit" Satory, towards Versailles The Banquet of Labor will be held on tho 1 -lib of July. The place of the festival ii the glacis of the f irtilieations of Belleville, near Neuilly- The Departments, havo been invited, and 'JUO.OUO participants are reckoned upon. The Government intends having a trick in readiness for the day. Deputations of all the National Guards of France have luen sinnoioned to Pans, for review, and thus, with lespectto the army, then.' will be 300,-OIMI men under arms including the Naliuual Guard and (i uard Mobile. M Rothschild hail a conference of four hours yesterday, with Ihe five members of the Executive Government and the Minister of Finance, In the National Assembly to day, tho Minister of Labor gave some explanations concerning tho impossibility of doing anything up to the present lime. Ho declared lhat it appears ns if Ihe laborers are to be treated aa criminal, but that it would iiol do lo drive theni to revolt. Tho Assembly grew uneasy, anil interrupted the Minuter with stormy discussions. When he said, " You will soon iIihcuhs the law concerning Railroads; remember that the National workshop are alsu connected therewith,' a compleiu storm of exclamations broke loose. The Minister remained calm, and read a list of disposiliors, tor the purpose of employing several thousand laborers in Ihe Departments, between the ifnth and J.ith. This plan will tie gradually continued, but man cannot perform the impossible. He was, nevertheless, ready to carry nut whatever the Aseiubly should order, only it should be An-tn un. Gen. Changarnier ia momentarily expected to ar-live iu Pans. It ia reported lhat he will be placed at the head of the National Guard, in place of M. Clement Thomas. June 'M. Again there are symptoms of excitement. Numbers of laborers and others are grouped together here and there in tin (reels, not iu tuilicieiit numbers, it ia true, tn alfrd any pretext for the maneuvers of ttie soldiery, hut still giving token of discontent and brooding mischief. Not far from the General Post-Oilice, in tho Rue Jean Jacques Rouitmau, a number of persona were congregated, as 1 paused the spot, an , hour ago. Men in blouses were talking m an under tone and gesticulating violently, but 1 was unable to catch the drill of iheir diMCus'ion. In the small streets in the neighborhood of the Porte St. Denis, aa well as in the Faubourg Si Antonio, these gatherings of iho people are noticed. Il ia well known that a parly ot men who were arrested a dnv or twoago lor shouting Vive Napoleon !" were in possesion! of sums of money, varying from to 40 francs each. 1 hat se cret agents of Louis Napoleon are among us, it doubt- ed by lew. The Chaos of which I spoke in my last is becoming still more confused ; or, if there is any apioarance of order emerging from the bewildering ferireiils.il on of parlies, tt it the order of another revolution. . The Morally Sublime. Republican iiinlituiiout often alford illustrations of the truly ureal mid sublime, uiiaurpasaed in the annals of ihe worhfa history. Few more ailecling instances of this kind are on record than ihe resignation of Gov. Shuuk, with its attendant circumstances. Intelligence was forwarded by telegraph, yesterday, of the a m picnic u that he had reaigued, and that hemorrhage of tho lungs had supervened upon Ins long atlliction. Ihe southern mail continue the intelligence and brings the act of resignation. To tit the whole cir-omittances present an at lee ling and impressive scene. A man elevated by the sullragca of hit neighbors and fellow citizens to llie high honor of the Executive chair of the State, smitten with tnorial aieaness, lying on a beH from which he it conscious that "mall human probability he will never rise," calmly reaigmng lo hia fellow men the oilice with which they have clothed him, and bretllung the solemn prayer that, " peace, virtue, intelligence and religion' may dwell among them. The concluding paragraph ot the act of resignation gives the crowning sublimity to the scene. V. V. C'ummrrcitil .idrertitrr. TO THE PKOPI.E OF PENNSYLVANIA. It haviuir pleased divine providence lo deprive mo of tho Btrenglh necessary t the farther discharge of ihe duties of your chief magistrate, and to lay me on a bed of sickness, from winch, I am admon ihed by my physicians and my own increasitig debility, I may iu all human probability never rise, 1 have resolved, upon mature reflection, under a conviction of duty, on this day to restore to you the trust with which your suffrages have clothed me, in order that yon may vail yourselves of the provisions of the cnnxtitution tu "Iiooho a successor at the next general election. 0 I therefore hereby resign Ihe oilice of Governor af ho Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and direct tint my resignation to be filed in the otHco uf Ihe Secretary of the Commonwealth. In taking leave of you under cireumslancea to solemn, accept my gratitude for the confidence you have reposed m me. My prayer is, that peace, virtue, intelligence and rehtfion may pervade all your borders; lhat Ihe free institutions yon have inhetiled from your aiiccctors mav remain unimpaired till the last ttoaieri- ty ; that the same kind Providence which has already blessed you may conduct you to a still higher stale of individual and social happiness, and, when the world "hall dote upon yon, as I feel ii it soon about to nloae upon me, that you may envy the consolations of the christian tailh; and be gathered, without a wanderer lost, into the fold uf the Great Shepherd almve. FRANCIS R. SHUNK, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY IS, 184N. Whig Electors Vacaacy Supplied. At the Whig State Convention hold in Hub city on the l!)th of January last, it waa resolved that our delegates to the Whig National Convention be author-ized to designate two persona as candidates for Presidential Electors for tho State at large, to Boon at said Convention shall have nominated Whig candidates fur the Presidency and Vice Presidency. In pursuance ot this authority, the Ohio delegate! to the National Convention at Philadelphia on the 7th of Juue, selected Major William Oliver, of Hamilton county, and Dr. Samuel L. Disskll, of Wayne county, ai bucIi candidates for Electora at large. Almost simultaneously with these selections, Dr. Dispell, while absent from his home, took ill, and suddenly died. Tho vacancy thus created has been supplied by the State Central Committee, by the appointment of Hon. William L. Pkukinb, of Lake county an excellent aelection, and one which, we arc sure, cannot fail to give entire satisfaction to the friends of Tavlor and Fili.muhk in all parta of the Stale. The Nicholion Letter. In compliance with request! from various quarters, we place before our readers to day the letter of Lewis Cass to A. O. P. Nicholson, of Tennessee, upon tho tubjectof iho War and Ihe Wilmot Proviso. This letter speaks not merely the sentiments of ita putative author. Brought into existence, without doubt, by the joint action of Gen. Cass and llie " peculiar circle" to which he belongs, and probably called out at his and their suggestion, it haa been copied extensively by the Locofoco press every where, and ita sentiments endorsed and commended as Ihe deliberate judgment of that party throughout the Unim. We have neither time nor disposition to comment upon the abmird ferocity of Ihe doctrinea contained in the letter, nor to expatiate upon their narrow, selfish and inhuman tendency ; and we only at this moment desire to warn the people of ihe United Stales against any course which ahall elevate lo the chief magistracy of this nation a man whose construction of the Constitution it ao one-Bided and illiberal, and whose prac tice at the tame time, ai an executive ulficer, promises to be no autocratical and despotic. The Revolution ol Mny Tenth. In reading the accounts of the terrible public dit turbancei in unhappy France, where revolution succeeds revolution, and ono paroxysm of popular mad ness is but the harbinger of another of more cruel intensity, our hearts are irresiitaUy lifted in profound gratitude to Heaven, for ita sacred gifts of public peace and political harmony to America. Here, no people hive been atunned by hereditary bondage, no citizens have been maddened by oppression, no republicans have been hound down by the chains of despotism until their light of reason hat failed to enable them lo see the ben u lies of political truth when it has been presented; and no demagogue has, aa yet, been able hy an inflammatory exhibition of evils, alight or imaginary, to drive from the hearts of lb" people thvir long cherished love for their free and glorious institutions. Dul while our hearts thus flow out in emotions of gratitude tn the "author of peace and lover of concord," it is our stern and imperative duty not to forget tint we have within the borders ol our Slate within Ihe bosom of every community even iu the high placet of our land, men who havo raised a cry egainst the CnuiUuiion of our Stale; against the laws that have been created under it, and against the institutions which are the i.lftpnng of thoso laws, and who have stricken hands together, banded and sworn never to rest until they have overthrown all these, and have laid them in one mass of promiscuous rum. And men have walked the streets of our peaceful towns and cities, and made the very air hideous with a cry for human slaughter. Dlood, arms, murder and rapine all the horrid feature! of that most cruel of all wars, an intestine commotion, were spoken of with a familiarity and a boldness that indicated loo close an acquaintance with tlie tad machinery of homicide and revolution. These plots and plant are still in existence. In the secret conventicle of tho revolutionist, the fulminating material of tlie anarchist is even now being elab orated. The hyena no longer screams for blood in public, it is true; but it is whispered nonetheless emphatically for that in the recettet of the pandemo nium. The public organ talks no longer uf the ruins in which we are to look in vain for the relics of the liberty we now enjoy ; but in lis place a grim smile of intelligence lights up the countenance of the tec ret conspirator. More it done, less it said, and nothing transpires. The dettructives, alarmed at the horror and diKgust with which the people greeted their howl for carnage havo stifled the cry in public that it may rankle with oven greater intensity in their own bosoms And these revolutionists are no obscure men in their party. Some of them aland forth aa candidate! for high and responsible otlicei in Ihe gift of Ihe people of ihe Stale. One of theae, the unblushing trumpeter of; a bravery discovered by no one but himself, boldly, in 1 hia safe position among a peaceful people, vaunts hun-1 elf upon an appetite for bloodshed, acquired on a fo reign soil, and gives proof of hia courage by calling up on hia fellow citizens to point their bayouola against each other ; and to allow him to lead Ihcm in bailie array to invade the capital of that Slate that givea him a home, and that has hatched and nourished him iuto! a reptile existence. I And another, wlmee Jeep scaled corruption of ioul and intellect haa been doicrihed by hi! own political associate! under the type of the disgusting disintegra. lion of a phy sical death, haa, almost while we are writing, been thrown forward hy a party that should have voided and covered hun up from iu tight aa unclean, into a position of prominence aa a candidate for a station where, if he be e.ecled, he may carry abroad the newt of the corruption that rankh a in the bosom of Ins party at home; himself being, at the aame moment, ita widest proclanner and its most loathsome evidence. There is a third. One whose hold and energetic vigor in a cause for whose merits ho cared nothing, led hia party in a career of victory for yean, and whose concentrated aelfishnew and corrupt advocacy of wicked men and bad measures, caused ita overwhelming defeat; who now, canister-like, dangle! at the utmost extremity of a hand that would gladly aever the connection which vxisla between them; he, too, dared to advocate the overthrow of our CoiiBtilulion, and alanda committed by the record to measures tending lo anar chy and blooodshed. And the prom s of this revolution ia atill iroinir on The time poinird out in the plot for Iheemploymentof the ulttrwr metmirrj haa not vet anived ThrCmn- nntlee of Safety, organized lo catch and hold Ihe go vernment when it shall be atricken from the hands uf ils legitimate possettora, ia alill in lively existence ; and all the machinery for dealing a death blow to our institutions, lives in all the vigor of a recent organi- It appears to me that the kind of metaphysical mag nanimily, which would reject all indemnity at theclose of a bloody and expensive war, brought on by a direct attack upon our troops by the enemy, and preceded by a succession of unjust acta for a scries of year", ii aa unworthy of the age in which we live, as it it revolting to the common tense and practice of mankind It would conduce but little to our future security, or, indeed, tu our present reputation, to declare that we repudiate all expectation of compensation from the Mexican government, and are fijfhlinir, not fur any practi cal result, but fur some vague, perhaps, philanthropic object, wnicn escapes my penetration, and must be defined hy those who assume tint new principle of national intercommunication. All wart arc to be depre cated, aa well by the atateaman, as by ihe philanthro pist. 1 hey are great evils ; uui there are greater evil! than" these, and submission to injustice is among them. The nation which should refuse to defend its rights and ita honor, when aBtiailed, would soon have neither to defend ; and when driven to war, it is noi by professions of disinterestedness and declarations of magnanimity, that ita rational object! can best be obtained, or other nations taught a lesson of forbearance the strongest security for permanent peace. We are at war with Mexico, and ilt vigorous prosecution it the Burett means of its speedy termination, and ample indemnity the surest guarantee against the recurrence of such injustice as provuked it. ihe Wilmot Proviso hat been before the country Bonie time. It hat been repeatedly discussed ita Congress, and by the public press. I am strongly imprest' ed with the opinion, thai a great change hat been go ing on in the public mind upon tint sunject m my own at well as others ; and thai doubts are resolving themselves into convictions, that the principle it involves should bo kept out of the National Legislature, and left lo the people of the confederacy iu their re- spectivo local governments. The whole subject it a comprehensive one, end fruitful nf important consequences. It would be ill-limed to discuss it here. 1 shall not assume lhat re-Mpoiixible task, but shall confine myself lo such general views as are necessary to Iho fair exhibition of my opinions. We may well regret (he existence of slavery in the southern States, and wish they had been saved from it! introduction, uui lucre il is, and not uy the act ol the present generation ; and wo must deal witli it at a great practical question, involving the most momentous consequences, VVe have neither the right nor the power to touch it where it exists; and if we had both, their exercise, by any means heretofore suggested, might lead to result which no wite man would willingly encounter, and which no good man could con. template without anxiety. The theory of our Government presupposes lhat itt various members have reserved lo themselves llie regulation of all subjects relating to what may be termed their internal police. They are sovereign within their boundaries, except in those rases where they have surrendered to the Genera! Government a portion of their righls, in order to give effect to Ihe object! of tlie Union, whether lln-se cuncern foreign nations or the several Stotes Ihemn Ive!. Local inslituliona, if I may bo spesk, whether they have reference to slavery, or to any other relation!, domestic or public, are left to local authority, either original or derivative. Congress has no right to say, that there aim It be slavery in New York, or lhat there shall be no slavery in Georgia; nor ia Uiecr any other human power, but the people of those States, respectively, which can change the relation! existing therein; and they can aay, if they will, we will have slavery in ihe fo uier, and we will abolish it iu the latter. fn various reaped! the Territories differ from Ihe Statei. Some of their ri-'ht! are inchoate, and they do not possess the peculiar attributes of tovereignly. Their relalion to the General Government is verv hope r feci ly defined by the Conttilutioii ; and il will be found, upon examination, lhat in that instrument the only grunt of power concerning them is conveyed in the phrase, "Congress ahall have the power lo dia- pose of and make all needful rules and rf-irulitions. respecting the territory ami older property belonging lo the United States." Certainly this phraseology it very loose, it il were destined tu include in the irrnnt tlie whole power of legislation over persons aa well as things. The expression, the "territory and other property," fairly construed, relates to the public lands ua such, to arsenals, dock-yards, forts, ships, and all the various kinds of property, which Ihe United Statei may and must possess. Dot surely the simple authority tn diipo$t of and regulate these, does Hot extend to llie ultnnated power of legislation ; to the pans age of all lines, in Ihe most general acceptation of the word ; which, by the by, ia carefully excluded from the sentence. And, indeed, if this were to, il would render necessary another pro vision of the Couaiiiutioit, which grants to Congress the power lo leguhlc, with the consent of Ihe States, respectively, over all placet purchased fr the "erection of forts, magazines, araenals, dock-yards, dec." Thefcv being the property " of the United States, if the power to make "needful rule! and regulation! concerning " them includes llie general power of leg. uihtinii, then the grant uf authority to regulate " the territory and other properly of Ihe United Statea" ia unlimited, wherever subjects are f mud for ila operation, nnil its exercise needed no auxiliary provision. If, on Ihe othei hand, il doea not include inch power of legislation over llie "other property " of the United Stales, then it does nut include it over their "trrrito-rij ;" f n? the aame terms which grant the one, grant tin oilier. " Territory" is here cUsted with proeriy, and treated as such ; and the object was eviileutly to enable Ihe General Governoieiit, at a properly-bolder which, from necessity, it iiiuhI be to manage, pro. serve, and " dispose of" such property at il mighl pot-teat, and winch authority it essential almost to ita being. Dut the lives and persons uf our citizens, with the vast variety of objects couuecied with them, can not be controlled by anaulhority, which ia merely called into existence for the purpose of making rules and regulations for the disposition and manugmtnt of property. Such, it appears to me, would be the construction put upon this provision of Ihe Constitution, were this question now first presented for consideration, and not controlled by imperious circumstances. The original ordinance of the Congress of the Confederation, passed 17o7, and which waa ihe only act upon this lubjeot in force at the adoption of ttie Constitution, provided a complete frame of government for the country north of the Olii i, while in a territorial condition, and for ila eventual admission in separate Statei inio the Union. And the persuasion, that this ordinance contained within itself all Iho necessary meant of execution, probably prevented any direct reference to the subject in the Constitution, further than vetting in Congrrti the right to admit the Statea formed under it into the Union. However, circumstance! arose, which required legislation, ai well over the territory north of theOhio,asoverother territory, both within and without the original Union, ceded lo the General Government ; and, at various times, a more enlarged power haa been exerriaed over ttie Territories meaning thereby Iho diifen-nt Territorial Governments than is conveyed by the limited grant referred to. How far tn existing necessity may have operated in producing this legislation, and ihua extending, by rather a vii-lent implication, powers not directly given, 1 know not. Dut certain it it, that the principle of interference should not be carried beyond the necessary implication, which producei it. It thould be limited to the creation of proper governments for new countries, acquired or aeltled, and to tho neeesasry provision for their eventual admission into the Union; leaving, in the meantime, to the people inhabiting them, to regulate their internal concerns in their own way. They are just aa caoable of doing lo, at the people of the Stales ; and they can do to, at any rale, as toon ai their political independence n recognized by admission into Ihe Unen. During tins temporary condition, R is hardly expedient to call into exercise a douhiful and invidious authority, which questions the intelligence of a respectable portion of our ciinena, and who limitation, whatever it may be, will be rapidly ap proaching ilt termination an authority winch would aation. Nothing hat been retrtelcd, nothing repented 1,1 ""tf"'" despotic pow-r, uncontrolled by the of, and .hew bold had men are a. much wedded to j Cnrtitui.nii,otr.r m.t m.pori.ut arcuuna ofour co,,,-. .... w u mon country for, if the relation of master and ier- imuw.ceu ana uciirucimi project! now, la they ! fMl , uUtcd or annihilated hy its legislation, were on the first day that they railed the cry of liaviw, may the relation of hiiahand and wife, of parent and and anutled the breeze of heaven, ai if the taint of child, and of any other condition which our insiitu blood waa already upon it. THE NICHOLSON LETTER. I WABinanTiiN, Deo. 3.1, 1HI7. I Gentlkmrn: Agreeably tn your request, I place at your disposal a copy of tlie letter to which you refer. With great respect, 1 am, genllemen, your otieiiieiu servant, LEWIS CASS. Hon. J Thompson, W. 8. Fealherston, W m. Sawyer, T J. Turner, W. W Wick, J U Kobinsnn, II. a, Fule, Huwell Cobb, A W. Venable, D. S. Dickinson. Wasim-iotob, Dec. 114, 1HO. DitAn Sin : I have received your letter, and ahall answer it as frankly aa it is written. You ask me whether 1 am in favor nf Ihe acquisition of Mexican territory, and what are my sciilmiouli with reirard to the Wilmot Proviso? I have so often and ao explicitly staled my viewi of the first question in tho Senate, that it teems a I mot t unnecessary lo repeal them here. As you request it, however, 1 shall briefly give thcin. I think, then, that no peace should he granted to Mexico, till a reasonable mih tiiv ia obtained for the injuriei whu h the has done us. 'I he territorial ezlent of tins indemnity ts, in the first instance, a subject of Executive consideration. There the Constitution has placed it, and Ihere I am willing in leave it; not only because I have lull confidence in ila judicious exercise, but because, in the ever-varying circumstances of a wnr, it would be indiscreet, by a public declaration, In commit the country lo any line of indemnity, which might otherwise be enlarged, at the obstinate injustice nf the enemy prolongs the contest, With ill lost of blood and treasure. lions and the habila of our aociely recognize. What would be thought if Congress should undertake to prescribe the termi of marriage in New York, or lo re ii u late the authority of pan-uts over their children in Pennsylvania! And yet il would be aa vain to seek one justifying the interference of tho National Legislature in the cases n ferred to in the original State! of the Union. I speak here of the inherent power of Congress, and do not touch the question of such contracts, aa may be formed with now Statei when ad i ir tied into ttie Confederacy. Of all Ihe questions that can agilate us, those which are merely sectional in their character an- iho most dangerous, and Ihe moat to he deprecated. The warning voice of hun who, from his character and services, and virtue, had tho beat right to warn us, proclaimed to hia countrymen, in hit larewell address that monument of wisdom for Inm, it I hope it will be of lately for them how much we had to apprehend from meaaurei peculiarly alleoting geographical poiiiumof our country. The grave circumstances in which wa are now placed makn these words, words of safety for 1 am aaiislied, from all 1 have seen and heard here, that a successful attempt to ingraft the principles of the Wilmot Proviso uuon the h irtplation of tint Gov ernment, and to apply them to new territory, should new territory be acquired, would icruuuly atleel our tranquility 1 do not slid r myself lo foresee m lo foretell ihe consequence! lhat would ensue; for 1 trust and believe Ihero ia gmid tense and good feeling enough in Ihe country to avoid ihein, by avoiding all oeeaainria which might h ad lo I hem Dnefly, then, I am opposed tn ihe exereue of any lurisdirimii by Cnntftesi over ilns mailer; and 1 am in favor nf having lo Ihe people of any territory, i which may be hereafter acquued, tint rig hi lo regulate it for themselves, under the general principles of th Constitution. Because L I do not aee in the Constitution any errant of th requisite power lo Co tigress : and 1 am not dit nosed t extend a doublful precedent beyond its necessity the . ,(-( OI lernionai uovernmenti when need ed leaving to the inhabitant! all Ihe righla compati- n I. ""win they bear to the Confederation. i Dccause I oelievtitioa i.m.auro ifmAnmA w.,.,M weaken, if not impair, the union of the Stales; and WOUld IOW the Seeds of future rfi.nrH wlnrh .n.,M grow up and ripen into an abundant harvest ofca-lamity. J. iiecauie I believe a ireneral conviction, that such a proposition would succeed, would lead to an immediate withholding of the autmliea. and iho. iA A.m. honorable termination of the war. 1 think no dispai-lionate observer at the icatof Government can duubt this result. 4. If, however, in this I am under a misRinrhMn. sion, I am under none in the practical operation of the re-incHon, ii auopteu by I ungreas, upon a treaty P'-'Y3 ""iMg any acquisition ol Mexican territory. Such a treaty would bo rejected just as certainly ai presented to the Senate. More than one-third of that body would vote against it, viewing such a principle as an exclusion or tho citizens of the ilaveholding Statei from a participation in the bo no fits acquired hy Ihe treasure and exerti miof all. and which .h.oilrl . common to all. I am repealing neither advancing nor defending these views. That branch of Dm ml.. ject doea not lie in my way, and I ahall not turn atide io seen ii. In thii aipectof the matter, the oeonle of the lint. ted Statei must choose between thii restriction and the extension of their territorial limits. They cannot have both ; and which Ihey will surrender must depend upon their rppreientalivcifint, and then, if thoie fail them, upon themselves. u. mui, atler all, it leemi to be generally conceded, that this restriction, if carried into effect, could not operate upon any State to b formed from newly acquired territory. Tho well known attributes of sove reignly, recognized by us as belonging to the State Governments, would sweet, before them inv soh harrier, and would leave the oeonle to ornreii and. ert their will at pleaiure. Is the object, then, of temporary excJusiun for so short a period ai the duration of Iho Territorial Government!, worlh the price at which it would be purchased f worlh the discord it would engender, the trial to which it would expoie our Union, and Iheevili that would he the certain con-aeqence, let that trial result as it might? As to the course, which uaa been intimated rather than proposed, uf iugraAiriir such a restriction mmn inv irentvnf acqurtition, I persuade myself it would find but liltle mor mi any portion ot tins country. Such an arrangement would render Mexico a oarlv. having a right to interfere in our internal institutions in questions kfl by the Constitution to the State Govern- meniB, ami wouui intiict a serious blow upon our fundamental principle!. Few, indeed, I trust, there are among m who would Ibus grant to a foreign power the right to inquire into ihe constitution and rnnrinet of the aovereigii Stales of the Union ; and if there are any, 1 am not tmong them, nor never shall be. To llie people of Una country, under God, now and hereafter, are itt destinies committed ; and we want no fo reign power to interrogate us, treaty in hand, and to aay, why have you done Ibis, or why have you left that undone ? Our own dignity and llie principles of national independence unite to repel iuch a proposition. ' r r Dut there is another important consideration, which ought nol to be lost siL'hl of in the investigation of this subject. The question that presents itaell it not a question of the increase, but of ttie diffusion of slavery, Whether its sphere be italionary or progrei- u uoiiim win ue me same. 1 he rejection of Ibis restriction will not add one to the claw of servitude, nor will its adoption give freedom to a iingle being who is now placed therein. The lame numbers will be spread over greater territory: and ao far as compression, with less abundance of the necessarieii of life, ia an evil, to far will that evil be mitigated by ......IJ.MUIIK uvea ui new country, and giving Iheui a large apace to occupy. i aay una in ihe event of the extension of slavery over any new acquisition. Dul can il go there? This may well bo doubled All the descriptions which reach ui of the condition of the California- and of New Mex ico, to the acquisition of winch our efforts seem at pre tent directed, unite in representing those countries a agricultural regions, umilar in their producti to our middle Statea, and generally until for Ihe production of the great Haplei, which can alone render slave la bor valuable, if we ire not irmilv deceived and n is dillicuJl to conceive how we can be the inhabitant of those regions, whether they depend upon their ploughs or their herds, cannot be slaveholders. Involuntary labor, requiring the investment of large capital, can only be profitable when employed iu llie production of a few favored article! confined by nature to special districts, and paying larger returm than the usuai agricultural producti spread over more considerable por lion t of the earth hi the able teller of Mr. Uuchnnan unon this suit. jeet, not long since given lo the public, he pretenii iiiiuar contiucraiions witn great force. neither, Bays the distinguished writer, " the aoil, the climate, nor the productions of California south of 3ju:Ul', nor indeed of any portion of it, north or south, is adapted to slave labor ; and besides, evert facility would be there afforded for the slave tu escape from hia maaler. Such property would be entirely insecure in any part of California- It ii morally impossible, therefore, lhat a majority of the emigrant to thai portion of the territory south of hMi" ;M' which will be ehieilv Minimi. ed of our citizens, will ever re-establish slavery within ill limits. " In regard lo New Mexico, east of the Rio Grande. the question haa already been settled by the adiiui- U ii-Ai. iiiiu hip union. "Should wo acquire territory beyond the Rio Grande and east of the Rocky Mouuuini, it i mil more impossible thai a majority of the people would consent lo rt-est.it.ltsk tlavery. They are themselvei a oolored population, and among them the negro doea not belong socially lo a degraded race." With thii last remark Mr. Walker fully coincide! in hn letter written iu 1N4 upon the annexation of Texas, and which everywhere produced ao favorablo an impression upon the public mind, sa to have conduced very materially to the accomplishment of that great measure. " Deyond the Del Norte," aaya Mr. """"i slavery will nol pan; not only because it n forbidden by law, but bocajse the colored race there preponderates in the ratio of ten In one over the whites ; and holding, aa Ihey do, the Government and most of the o Hi ccs in their possession, they will not permit Ihe enslavement of any portion of the colored race, which makes and executes the lawaot the country"The question, it will be therefore Been on examination, dor i not regard the exclusion of slavery from a region where it now exists, but a prohibition against its introduction where it does not exist, and where, from the feelings of the inhabitants and the lawaof nature, "it is morally im; ible," as Mr. liuchanan lays, that il can ever re-establish itself. It augurs well for the permanence of our Confederation, that, during innru Ihan half a century, which has elapsed unee the eitabhthment of Una Government, many aertous questions, and aome of the highest importance, have agitated the public mind, and more than once threatened ihe gravest eoniequennei, but lhat they have all in succession passed away leaving our institutions unscathed, and our country ad vaiicmg in numbers, power, and wealth, and in all the other elements of national prosperity, with a rapidity unknown in ancient or in modern days. In times of political excil -mrnt, when difficult and dele-eate questions preseul themselvei for solution, then-is one ark of safely for us and lhat is, an honest appeal to the fundamental principles of our Union, and a itern determination to abide their dictate!. This course of proceeding has carried ui in wifely through many a trouble, and 1 trust will carry ua safely throueh many more, should many more be destined to assail ua. The Wilmot Proviso seeks to take from ilt lejrit imale tribunal a question of domestic policy, havmi no relation t Ihe Union, aa such, and to transfer it to another, created by Ihe people for a apecial piirp..-, and foreign to the subject nutter involved in tint is tue. Hy goiegback hmurtrue principles, we go ha t io ine rnau oi peace ana suciy. ueave to the poop wno win be attecieti hy this quesiion, to adjust it up their own responsibility, snd in their own manner, a we ahall render another triouie in the original p'iri. i pies of our Government and furnish another guatati tee for its permanency and prosperity. 1 am, dear iir, respcctlully, your obedient aervant, LEWIS CASS. A. O. P. NiciioLinir, Eaq .A'inAn, Tenntsstt. fttntf) Unnk or Ohio. The Hoard of Control of Ibis Institution closed ila seas ton at this place a few daya since. It consists of a I resident, and delegate from each branch of the Stale Hank, and exercises a supervisory care over the affairs of the respective branches, for ttie faithful management ol which the whole are jointly and severally responsible. The Slate Hank makes no issues of Us paper except through its branches. Two new branches were added al (be late meeting uf the Hoard of Control, vix: one at Athens, and one at W'athingion, Guernsey county making Ihe present numberiairy- Nlftt. One of ihe most important acta at the late meeting of Ihe Hoard of Control, and wlnrh shows the cautious and conservative pmt in which its attain are man-rttfed, was the adoption by lhat body of a determination, thai each brunch shall keep on hand and in ila own vaults, in gold and silver coin, the whole amount required hy law aa the basis for its circulation. Thii rule tliHpeuses wholly wilh eastern depositrs as abasia for circulation ; Ihe tendency of which ia tu render more tile the bills of (he Stale Hank, by exactly so far a gold and silver coin actually in band, it more aecure than funds depotiUd in the vaults uf Danki in the Allanl'c ciliri.

WEEKLY 0 0 STATE 0 UN AT u a i i i n h i 1 1 JLXJI VOLUME XXXVIII. COLUMBUS, WEDNESDAY, JULY 2G, 1848. NUMBER 47. t'UULISIIKI) EVEHY WEDNESDAY MUKNINU BY TI11ULL & 11KED. Jfflce in the Journal Building south cut corner of High trout anil Sugar alloy. WM. B. THKaIlAM) HENRY KEEP, Editohs. 7T K M S : Tiirkk Domaiia Pr.R annum.wIiicIi maybediac.hiirgnd bv the payment of Two Dollaub in advance, and froe ot postage, or of por cont'iffc to Agouti or Co'lo-cinri. . . . Tim Journal is oIho published Duly mid Tn-Weekly du riig tlie year j Daily, por annum, 7 i Tri-Woekly , MONDAY EVENING, JULY IT, 18 H. I'ichnwny nd Rom. An errand of business took us a few days since into the eountiei of Pickaway and Ross, Tho weather for more than two week hud been unfavorable for housing the crop of wheat, which was cut and Hood ihockcd in the fields. A favorable change in the weather having now occurred, the farmer! were every where bu-ily engaged in gathering in their crop. We could not learn that any material damage liai been luatained to the cropi in coniequence of the recent raini, though much wu apprehended from a continuance of wet weather. That danger ii now chiefly paaicd and the farmer could hardly conceive uf belter weather fur hit purposes thnn lie is now enjoying. We arrived at Circleville on Thursday evening and found Iho Whig firea were burning brightly. The Donkey " Committee- of Public Safely" for the Ninth Arondissement, can neither put out the Area nor alille the light, teaming that a meeting waa to he held at a country achool home, four miles from town, we accompanied a friend to the place for the porpoae of iee-ing the preaenl model of doing the clean thing by our old friends, the Whig! of Pickaway. A numeroua ai-aemblage waa anon collected ; quite too numeroua to attempt to gain admittance for half of them in tlu school house. Bo a roatrum waa provided in the open air, from which Megan. J. 11 Geiger, Nelson Franklin, and T. C. Jonei addressed the meeting. They were occiitionally responded to in a itylo that made the neighboring foreata echo the popular shouts.Ex-Sen-ator Fkasklin, especially, waa occnionally rich and racy. He had a word of warning and exhortation for hit "Democratic" friendi the genuine portion of which have alill a large aha re of hia aympnlliy, while he haa no great partiality for the "cork-leg Democrat!," which we learned wero thoae who follow the lead of the renowned " Doctor Olds," who goea fur revolution and ruin, whenever ha ia not allowed to rule. He warned them that it waa the purpura of the Whiga to end thoni, bag and baggage, up Halt li ver. Againat tint he protealed, aa bring cruel and unnecessary. Cruel, because the climate there did not agree with them, and they never had prospered in exile tin-re. Vnntctssary, because there wai an ample territoryun-occuph-d, which ht-lmiged to the in of hght,and to which their title ia "clear and indisputable," to which they might reaort. It waa that portion of Oregon between 4'J and " 54 40." The greatest confidence and ctilhu-aiaam aeeuia to pervade the masses, and we would not be aurpriacd aha u Id their niajoriliea equal thoite of Our errand calling ua to within a few milea of Chil-licothe, we found our way to the Ancient Metropolis, where the Wliiga of Ross were in council, and to be addresned by Thomai Ewixa. Mr. Ewing'i speech waa like the man plain, atrong, and direct. It waa devoted chiefly to national politic, and waa a power fill argument in favor of the elccliou of Geu. Taylor. The venerable Judge Scott presided over the meeting, which rendered atnkmgly apposite one of Mr. Ewing'i remark. The meeting waa held or rather it com-nienced ita proceedings in the old State Houae, where the Constitution of Ohio was framed ; but in consequence of the crowd inside, and many being unable to gain admit'ance, an adjournment took place to tho court-yard. Alluding to the late revolutionary demonstrations in this State, (which Mr. E. deprecated aa exerting a pernicious influence upon the body politic,) the speaker addressed himself directly to tho venerable Preai-dent of the meeting, whose name he aaw attached to the Constitution of Ohio, attesting that instrument un-der which the Slate haa grown and prospered beyond all parallel, and enquired, " Wsa it the intention and purpose of those fa l hen of the State with whom you were associated in framing this Constitution, to leave it ao loose, that Doctor Olds and fourteen of his aso cialea might get together at pleasure in a room of Kel-ey'i tavern and repeat that instrument ?" The old Judge gavu, of course, an emphatic negative to a pro position ao absurd and the effect, resulting from the or cation, the acene and the events, waa electrifying. Domain ia no go in Rosa and meeta with no more favor in Pickaway. And we predict that by the month of Oe toner, the " rrlutiona of the 10th of May," will find aa niiirh dillirulty to find a responsible au-hor, aa ever Japheth had in quest of his lather. Doctor Duucun. Ai.i:x. Duncan, of Hamilton county, (a rather ton tie Christian,) announces in the Cincinnati Enquirer, that he " will be a candidate " for Congress at the coming election. Wo auppose from the positive manner in which he announces the fact, that there is no resisting his " will " in tins particular so that the Karaua, and Ewingst and Rceineluis may adjust themselves to the "circumstances " in which they are placed, with the beat grace they can. The great coon-dresser is " in favor uf Gen. Cass "and he is also " opposed to the introduction of slavery into any territory on this continent, where slavery doea not now exist. All of whirl) he will cxplaiu more fully as he may meet the voters of Hamilton county hereafter." From this it will be seen that although the learned Doctor ia opposed to the extension of slavery, he ia at the same lime in favor uf a president! candidate who ia pledged to rtto any m -aaure for limiting llut " institution." To a plain, unlearned mind, this would seem to iu volve aoiuewhat of inconsistency ; but possibly Doctor Duncau'a professional skill may enable him to form an amalgam of these incoherent and antagonistic particles of "democratic principle," It will remain to bo aern whether ' ifo Voters ol Hamilton County" will swallow the bolus after he haa compounded it. Q.j The Cincinnati (inquirer of yesterday contains the valedictory of Julia Dhoioii, Esq , who now re tires from the editorial charge of thai paper, leaving U in tho handa of his brother, Col. C. 11. Hrough, lately returned from Mexico. Mr. Drought has been one of the better sort uf the editors of his parly, and he carrlea with him our regrela at hie departure, and our g od wiahea for hia auceeaa in whatever calling he may employ hia energies and hia abdities. Although often deeply and fundamentally wrong, Mr. Druugh haa been, at limes, far in advance of hit party in the right; and it hit been on these occasions that he haa exhibited those talents and that Amine which have placed hi in before the eyea of the people aa a leading spirit. Col. Wkllk'i Dm-knci,. The Commissioners of Duller county filed their bill in Chancery against John U. Wellor, charging him, aa one of the commis sioners of the Surplus Revenue fund, with being in dcbled to that fund in the sum of eleven thousand dollars and interest, which ho does not py, Ao. Ac To this Col, Weller cornea and defends. And in whai doea that defence consist? Why, Col. Welter doea not deny that he haa the money. He doea not traverae the facta aet forth in the bill, llut he aaya that he ought not to be called upon to answer the charges and allegations of the complainants bill, be cause, ho aaya the aaid suit waa commenced by and in the name of the commissioners of the county of U tiller, whereas in fact said suit might to have been com menced by and in the name of the l'roaeouliug Attor ney of said county. llestands up to the fight at law, just about at well as he did in the ware Tim Ei.kvkn Thousand Doli.an IIkho This fan. cy specimen of a military braggart engrafted upon a civil defaulter, ia on hia way to the Northwest this week and next, to give tin boys along the Auglaite, Hlanchard'a and the Maumee, a las to f Ins quality We learn hy letters from that part of the Slate thai they have heard of the individual before and we know that tome of them know hia speech so well that they can repeal it quite aa fluently aa he himself can giving all the variations, both of manner and matter Timet will be rich there ; but he muat look out that they don't play him aoine gamea that he never learn ed yet, cither in Mexico or Washington. Every Whig paper in Pennsylvania heart aloft the nanner inscribed with the names of 1 ay lor and rill more. The Campnlga in the State, The Ohio Statesman of July II Hi, thus indicate Ihe course which it intenda to pursue in the political warfare of the year ; pointing out at the aame time to its Batellitea their courae, in order that their attocka may he harmonious and their effort! effective. It aaya : " When slavery of the black man ia talked about, let ua not forget the system of special legmlntion that would make slaves of wiiite men. When the monopoly of the public lands ia condemned, be careful that you do not vole for men who would create a still worse monopoly of money, by perpetual corporate privilege. If freedom of speech, ia held up in its pristine beauty, let not your ballots be caul for the revival of Ihe system of high tariff, that builds up slave dens for white children, whose early training to overwork in confined atmospnerea, leaves a blanch upon the cheek, and a depression of spirits that illy quali. fiea them for the stern action of freemen. When freedom of tho soil ia dwelt upon with glowing elo-qunnce, be careful that you do not vole into office inon who would, by their scheinos of bank monopolies and infamously unequal tax laws, rob you by tax collectors of what little property you have already got." That is to aay every question that now comes up before the people, rendered prominent by the course of human events, and mado interesting by the progress of mankind's advance towards perfection must be carefully and scrupulously avoided. Democracy ia no longer progressive. It ia unprepared upon the great questions thatagitute humanity and hll the world of mind with topics of anxious thought and animated discussion. It calls a halt. It cries: "Let ua go back to the broken idols that we once made the people to worship, if peradventuro they will again be deceived and fall down in adoration. When the woes, the Borrows, and the tears of the tons of Africa are spoken of, the conversation must be turned to the eastern factories. When measures are discussed to prevent the grasp of the speculator from holding in perpetuity ihe fairest portions of our national domain, let Ihe discourse change, aa soon as possible, to a lecture on banks. "If freedom of speech is held up in its pristine beauty," tell how Ihe poor women and children of New England voluntarily work themselves to death for their wages. ' When freedom of the toil ii dwelt upon with gloomy eloquence," you may utter tirades against Iho banks that furnish the people with a currency, or the tax laws under whose influence we are pay ing the debt of tho State. And these are the principles ol lliu Locofoco party of Ohio. 1. Opposition to the manufacturing interests of the country. 'J. Opposition to measures to prevent tho extension of slavery. 3. Opposition to freedom of speech. 4 Opposition to free territory. 5. Opposition to banking. G Opposition to the tax laws. And how ia the supremacy of this mass of negative falsehood to be secured ? Are the people of the State uf Ohio aware thai for this there haa existed for Ihe past six months a conspiracy to overthrow the Constitution of our State to subvert it government, and In place, for the tune being, the supreme power in the hands of a clique of farlioiia diaorgaitizers I" bo employed by (hem as their lust of power and its perquisite should dictate? And are they aware that in tho original plan, which haa not since been modified, this overthrow of Constitution and Law was to be secured, if necessary, even at the cnnl of the blood and the lives of our fellow ciliiena; and that a howl for human gore a scream for slaughter went forth aa the harbinger of the car of ihe revolution ? RntlHeniion Ht Lexington The Whigs of Fayette county, Kentucky, held a meeting on Monday last, at Iexingtun. Col. William nodes was called to the Chpir,and D. C. W icklilfe was appointed Secretary. The meeting was ably and elo quently addressed, in favor of ratifying the nomina tions of rri.oR and rn.t.voiu:, hy lion. Gen. Rob. ertson, F K Hunt, and E K. Siiyres, Exqs , of Lexington, D. Walter llradahaw, of Louisiana, and lion. William Drown, of Illinois. The meeting without a dissenting voice, resolved, that " we Whig of Fayette, here asaembled, though the Whig pirty of our county would neither have preferred the nominations aa made, or concurred in all the proceedings in the said Convention, will, nevertheless, in good faith and by all proper means, endeavor to suntain the distinguished nominees at the polls considering them, at we all do consider them, both worthy of trust and con fidence both hoiieat, patriotic and capable both ciliiena of upright lives and of illusions service buth nppoifd to Ekeculive usurpation and aelfixh patronage and both sincerely in fjvor of a pure, cousei vative. It'ufhintftaniun administration of the General Govern ment, for promoting the welfare of all classes and sec tions, ana securing the honor and peaceful triumph uf our free inntitutioua. llut whilst, for the foregoing reasons, we concur cheerfully in the support of (ten, Taylor, we consider it but candid and just to announce, as our opinion, lint Kentucky would prefer her own Hknry Clav to any living man for the Chief Migistraey of our glu-rioua Union." G:n. Cass on Si.avkiiy in thk TrntuTunir t. The profile cannot in mast abolish sUvery, because their only legitimate mode of action is through the nictmeiits of their Legislative body. if. The legis lature ol a territory cannot do it, because it does not possess the torrrtiunty, that attribute Iteing by the Constitution vested in Congress, 3. Congress has no right to abolish slavery in the territories. Then-fore, according to the dclriues of (ten. Cass aa laid down in his Nicholson letter, there is no power under heaven that can aboluh slavery in a territory of the United States, or prevent ita introduction. BT The Ihltimore Sun eaye: The State Hank of Ohio haa become Ihe most important money institution on this continent. With thirty-seven branches cover ing the whole State all bound together with one com- iimn interest, and in all important resiecta all govern- d by one head, the Board ot Control. It now issuea five and a half millions of currency sustaiua an ac commodation line, in the way of notes and hills discounted, of ae vera I millions; holds two millions of specie, and haa a cah capital of $:i,400,0t)0. QJ' Howe's Circus, with da Arabs, it in town, and to ia a prominent and somewhat remarkable leader in tho late Revolution. The peculiar personal appearance of the long haired democrat hud the r fleet to deceive the boys about town, who followed hun, with eyes full of wonder, from pUcu to place, imagining hun to be a real Hedouin emigrant from tho wilds of Arabia, and calculating with great confidence on hia auppwd proficiency in the art uf ground and lofty tumbling. Dklawahr Coi-ntv Wmiq 1'onvntio. A call from the Central Committee of Delaware county, fix- the day for the Whig Convention of that county, on Monday, the Hist inst. Washington Count v. ihe Whig Convention for this county ia to be holden on Tuesday, August 1st. tLT The following is one of the volunteer toasts giv en at the celebration uf the Fourth, iu Itarrisburgh, Pennsylvania : Hy C M. Shell. Gen. Lewis Casa-Oh! (if nra t'aia you eannnt pass. Your ' tckutr or nun " all ran tn itrass Inle " mera " and Hit " harbors " too, Will run lltmr snatft tock into yoa. DT The able article headed " Dorrism What has become of it? " which waa published in our pipor uf Saturday, was taken from, and should have beencred. ited to tho Lima Reporter. And, hy (be way, where a tho revolution t Corrvipoadence uf the Journal. W AntNiiTON, July 13, 184r. Mr."n. Editors The news from all quarters this morning ia favorable tn the W hig cause, and particularly from Pennsylvania. Many gentlemen who have been leaden in the Democratic party in the State, have lately come nut for lien. Taylor. Among them ia a uenileman ot high standing in llarrisburuh, for many years chairman uf the Democratic Ceulral Committee. Yours, truly. Calling at the Pnt Oilice for our paera,a morning nr two since, we ("mind a Liberty man and a Locofoco exulting over the discovery they had made, that the Taylor flg" did not apnar at the head of the eo-luntna of the Slate Journal. It it not unl'requenily in a daily issue that turn omission oerur, but we can assure this antimts "trm" that the State Journal waa me of Hie first to raise the dag in Ohio, and it ia not probable that it will be taken dwn until the pntapecla of (Afir candidate are demolished on the ?th ol November. Mind that. CeNaeriHl Hrftirttr, According to a Washington letlerin the New York I journal ot Commerce, the rTesiuenl a recent message lias carved out much additional work fur Congress. The intelligent writer aaya Should Congress go on and discharge their proper duties, they will have to mature and pass bills tor Hie ottlablishinent of rive territorial governments to wit: Nebraaka, Minnesota, Oregon, California, and New Mexico. Next, they muat provide for the defence of these territories which will ho no small matter, tho' the President it disposed to make light of it. Oregon ia now in the possession of the Indiana who are wa- ftng awar on ihe seitlers. California has not yet been talf conquered nor has Mexico. They have not been taken from the Mexicans yet, and with the Indians, in powerful tribes, we are yet to come into conflict. To he sure. Congress may neglect tho defence of these wide spread territories but the consequences will be long and expensive wars. Tho neglect of Oregon during tho last year, has brought on a war there- one that will cost more than the Florida war before we get through with it one that will give Oregon iubahitanta and make it a State, before we get through with il. Hesidei those nice warn with Indiana, iu Oregon and California and New Mexico, wo have tuken all the ucccKsary rtteps to get up a snug one nearer home with our old friends, the Semi dole a and their associates in their own new country, west of the Miasiaftippi Our legislation has been ao arbitrary and urgent in regard to the tribea removed, that the Semiuolea have sent a message to us, stating that if we don't do them justice, they wi.11 resent il adding, significantly " tho government of the United Stales kuowa what the Seminolea are, as enemies." Next we have another great qiieKtion which must be met, mid the sooner the better the adjustment of the boundary of Texas, which be'onga to Congress. The President haa aaauined, at he promiaed lo do, llml Texas extends to the Rio Grande, from its mouth to its aource, and yet he, in violation of the Constitution, set up a government within this territory which he concedes to be a part of Texas. Santa Fe, it seems, IS a part of Texas. Conresn will nut UMoeiil tn llio claim very readily, but they alone can decide the question. Tho President has no right In decide it. There are a great number of' other very important and urgent matters embraced in the President's message, and aoine equally important not in the message, which demand what Congress cannot give, in Ihe heat of summer and of n Presidents campaign attention, without reference lo party influence. Mr. Denton, ever prompt, linn nl ready reported, from the committee on Foreign Atfiirs, a hill to carry into efl'ect the stipulations of tho Treaty as to the payment of ttie claim of American citizeua on Mexico. The Hoard of Commissioners to ascertain them is to con. nisi of three persons, and tho time is limited to two years. The President, it seems, did fall into n mistake in stating that the instalments of the liquidated claims in Mexico were payable iu twenty annual instiilmenta. They were payable in twenty quarterly instalments, and every one is now due except the lust one, which falls due on the IlUth of this mouth. The committee on Foreign Att'-tirs of the Senate havo reported a hill for ascertaining and paying all iUvtv claims on Mexico, according to the stipulations of the treaty, and the provisions of the bill direct the immediate payment of the above mentioned liquidated claims, winch payment the PresHileut thought could be deferred, to as lo be paid out of revenue hereafter to accrue, as the instalments should become due. The Mt-cond section of ihe bill is a tome what remark-aht one, lor it directs that the claims reported by our commissioners to Ihe umpire, and by him returned to Ihe board without a favor aide decision on them, shall he considered as adjudicated and shall be paid accordingly. The nmoiiiil of claim coining within this category is nine hundred and thirty-eighl thousand dollars. You will remark that there it a million of dollars thus directed to be paid, independently of the claium which the Hoard of Coiumisitioners under the treaty of pence are to uncertain ; and that this million of dollars in to come otilof three-anii a quarter million to which Mr. Polk, without authority or reason, and in contra-dmlion to hia own repealed statement, limited the compensation of the American claimants. The lull establiihes a Hoard of Commisaioners, under the f)th article of the treaty of peace, to ascertain the American claims, but, iu contempt of that nrlicle, Congress aHuumes to decide what claims shall be paid without an investigation. Presentation of the Ntute Mcdul to Gen Ztich-ury Tavlor. A ceremony of a most interesting character took place on the 3d, at Ihe Si. Charles Hotel, al New Or leans. It was the presentation of the gold medal ordered by the State of Louisiana, as a gilt to Mnjor General Zachary Taylor. A number of persona were present at the presentation, although it was not generally known that it was to bo made. The speeches on the occasion were moat patriotic. When the medal had been presented, General Taylor replied aa follows : Gentlemen : These repeated acts of kindliest and generosity on the part of the patriotic State of Louisiana, ex:ite in my breast feclmgi and emotions winch defy nil utterance. A few months have elapsed since 1 received from your patriotic Governor, acting in behalf of Ihe high-minded citizens of this great State, a splendid sword voted to me tor my poor services in the (utiles of the Rio G ramie. And now you add to the debt of gratitude and thankfulness, wlnrh I owe my fellow citizens for that beautiful and highly prized memorial, by presenting me this splendid medal, winch is intended to refer lo my services iu the buttle of Du-ena ViMa. Gentlemen, whilst 1 highly appreciate the kindness and partiality which have prompted your State lo be stow this high honor upon me, 1 must in justice lo my brave companions in arms, asaure you that the merit that victory ia due to the bravo hearts and strong arinaol the g illant men wlio so tirmly withstood Uii oinel of the greatly preponderating force of the en tity. I liau ihe honor to be the leader of such men, four fifths of whom were citizen soldiers, and that, tho unh a distinction I highly appreciate, and 1 had long cherished as one ot the greatest 1 nave ever enjoyed, dove not entitle me lo more than a small share iu the honor and merit of that are at victory. I beg. genllemen, to assure you that I receive with Ihe liveliest emotions of pride and pleasure this truly splendid medal, and that I shall long preserve il as one of the moat valuhale nieimriala of the kindliest uf my lellow-citixeua ol Louisiana. Generals T.ylor, Duller, Twiggs and Patterson had a aortal rhat together on (fie 3uth, in a rootu at the St. Charles Hotel, New Orleans. Tho Delia, a neutral pap-T, thus speaks of the party i Them veterans formed a most interestinff croup. Tho cordial warm hearted intimacy and friendship which characterized their relation and conversation, Ihe pleasure, winch they teemed to take in the inter change o patriotic sentiments, and in proud and stir ring reminiscences uf Ihe danger lhroiit,'h winch they had pissed Ifave their reunion under lliu present cir- euoistaucet a deeply interesting anK-ct. It would he dithciiit to select lour more strongly marked men than these generals, (u-n. Taylor, though the least in sue and in personal ahowiness, nppeara liuly great in the simplicity ol hit address and the plain, homely, henr- ty style of hia every word and action. The old hero wore, on the present occasion, a complete mil of citi zens' dress, having no vestige of ihe soldier about him. 1 his it the first time wo have ever seen him wiihout some emblem or sign of his profession, lusayinglhal we think the citizens dress heroines him more than ihe soldiers', we trust we will not be considered as vi- laling our neutrality or expressing any views upon his prospects for the high civil post for which he haa been nominated Gen. Taylor looks reii.arknhly hearty and active. He seems not tn be contented with hit inactive position, but appears to be all ihe while de siring lo renew ihe busy caret and restless employ men i 01 active commanu in ine neiu. Foen IFArrs. The Washine-lon correspondent of llie iiew lora express, unuer daieol ine Bin instant, wnica : I have teen no lest than five Uvea of Cass, intended for different meridians. There were two editions issued in .March laat, and two in June ihe two in March re, in character, unlike those of June, and the two of June, like those of March, obviously designed for a southern and northern market. All attempisatexpla- naiion only make the matter worse. Hero are the books and hero are alleraiiona free trade opinions are inserted into one edition, and omitted in the other the letter to Nichol son, against the " Wilmot Proviso,' inserted in one, and opinions upon the French Revo. lutton taking its place in the other, instead of being Janus faced, therefore, Gen. Cass hat fur faces, one fur each of the d liferent points of the compass. He looks North and West in favor of internal improvements. Southward, he endorse! Mr. Polk'a notes ii gam si them, and approves of all that ho has done. He has two facet upon the Wilmot Proviso, two upon the I arm, two upon tue r retich Mngand Revolution and Ins friends have shown him up in to many wave, that he has more lives Ihan a eat. The last I havo seen ia in Gorman, and this ts expressly intended bv its omisxioua and additions, lo mislead and deceive that large portion of our adopted citizens, who dwell among us. These little tricks of liltle politicians, can hardly have any other effect, now that they art exposed, than to recoil upon thoae who make use of litem for party success. r,, if, The Ohio Statesman aaya that Cast will carry Ohio. ine m aiuiiugion union says to oecause mo mates-man says it, and the Cans Locofocos in other Stales, rceal it because they aee it in Union. Inasmuch as it all depends upon Ihe Statesman's assertion, our Vh"gs are not yet inclined to be seared. ZantttiHt tour nr. The natural lightning played a freak with the telegraph today, which will probably prevent ua from re- I reiving reports a week longer. It struck lh wires, broke the machinery, upset the operator, and kicked up a fuse generally. Toledo Html CT The following letter from tho New York Tri-bune'a correspondent at Pant, acquires additional in terest from the fact that it wai written but a few daya previous to the terrible scenes which have since transpired at the capital of France. By its light we are able to trace the causes wmc)i led to the outbreak, and in its descriptions wo have a view of the materials and element! out of which French revolutions and insurrections have had their origin and growth. PariaTau Incident! and Opinions. Paris Correspondence of the New York Tribune. Pahii, June 18, 1H4H. A caricature which haa just appeared, has created eoine sensation. Over the galea ot Paris the Prince do Joinville and Louis Napoleon are represented at meeting in the air. Tho former, seated on the Gallic cock, exclaims : " am the uncle of a nephew " (the Count do Parts;) Louis Napoleon, who is astride of an eagle, answers : " And i am lliu nephew of an un- Cie ; The pipera are calling attention to tho fact, that flinco eight days, Ihe treanuriei of the money changera have been flooded with Russian gold pieces, which usually are rarely Been here. Count Mole has offered himself to the Department of lliu Gironde, asa candidate for the National Assembly. Guizot only fails yet, lo complete the restoration of the minittcrial trinity of Louis Philippe, The Southern telegraph brought last night the intelligence thai a legitimist emeutc had broken out in N mines, which it was slated had occasioned great bloodshed. In Perpignan, also, a revolt against the additional lax had token place, and the troubles, in Gueret (Department de la Cieuae) frum a similar cause, still continue. The Monitrur of today contains a long, critical, hut exceedingly favorable article upon the poetical works of George llerwegh, the German Republican leader. It translates several uf hit finest poems, some uf which, as the " Song of Hale," and the " Fatherland," havd dnr. thwiv altera in aiuuilng many a Gorman luart. Herwegh has just written a splendid revolutionary lyric, entitled "The Sword of Freedom." The following is a translation of some of the most striking slanzas : "The strongest lovo at last will lire, When men her holy trust defame, And beats lor lier no heart of lire, Mie, weeping, llios to whence she catno ! " She flies yet may not wholly fail ' liut now her brow is slum mid bold Her limbs are c;med in irou iiihiI She is no inure llie love ol uld ! " Tit now loo lute for weak complaint) A word of power nwake tlieu, Ainu! If iu love'g ray thy courage faint. Lot strength con. plete what love began "' It waa said that aa Lainarliiiu waa about entering the Hull of Conference a few days since, a person stepped up to hun, with a menacing genture, at if intending lo attack hun, and exclaimed : " Poet, liiy lyro has sounded long enough I" Lainurtine, without exhibiting the slighlestemolion, calmly answered : " Wait a little while longer, and you may perhaps hear the song of the swmi !" June I'.l. A complete calm to-day. The papers contain nothing exciting, the streets are quiet, Ihe political goaaip dull. The alnrm'titM are trying to make a noise about the troubles in Lyona, iN mines and uuire ; the I'ntriu cries out emphatically : " The evening papers of Pans will appear, on the brmk of a volcano !" hut the Moniteur de Sotr nevertheless brings us the official anuouneeiiienl, llml according lo telegraphic Uts. prilchfrt received, the troubles in the departments, which were only of a local and political nature, had censed. The comma of Iho National workshops will take place to-morrow. A proclamation of the Minister of Labor requires alt workmen belonging to Ihese ealft-bliMlimenii lo remain in their dwelling from 7 liil I'i A. M. and to prepare their papers, Unit by their own eommisxariit, who go from limine to houxc, their identity may he recognized. Another proclamation of the same Minister shows that the material in the manufactories litis been exhausted, and the very numerous demands made upon llie in would bring about there-ac-cepiance of nil of the workmen. The Minister therefore invites all manufacturers, foremen uf workxhops and agriculturists, lo commence operations, and aka them lo communicate, to him the number of 1 1 borers ihey require, na he will furutih them from the National workdhops, al lliu uunl prices paid fur each particular kind of labor The MiniHter of War held a review of a part of iho garrison and Ihe Guard Mobile, ycMcrdny, on the Champ de Mars. Several papers pretend lo know that the Executive Com milieu has ordered the formation of a camp of .',il()ll men near Pans, on Ihe plain fit" Satory, towards Versailles The Banquet of Labor will be held on tho 1 -lib of July. The place of the festival ii the glacis of the f irtilieations of Belleville, near Neuilly- The Departments, havo been invited, and 'JUO.OUO participants are reckoned upon. The Government intends having a trick in readiness for the day. Deputations of all the National Guards of France have luen sinnoioned to Pans, for review, and thus, with lespectto the army, then.' will be 300,-OIMI men under arms including the Naliuual Guard and (i uard Mobile. M Rothschild hail a conference of four hours yesterday, with Ihe five members of the Executive Government and the Minister of Finance, In the National Assembly to day, tho Minister of Labor gave some explanations concerning tho impossibility of doing anything up to the present lime. Ho declared lhat it appears ns if Ihe laborers are to be treated aa criminal, but that it would iiol do lo drive theni to revolt. Tho Assembly grew uneasy, anil interrupted the Minuter with stormy discussions. When he said, " You will soon iIihcuhs the law concerning Railroads; remember that the National workshop are alsu connected therewith,' a compleiu storm of exclamations broke loose. The Minister remained calm, and read a list of disposiliors, tor the purpose of employing several thousand laborers in Ihe Departments, between the ifnth and J.ith. This plan will tie gradually continued, but man cannot perform the impossible. He was, nevertheless, ready to carry nut whatever the Aseiubly should order, only it should be An-tn un. Gen. Changarnier ia momentarily expected to ar-live iu Pans. It ia reported lhat he will be placed at the head of the National Guard, in place of M. Clement Thomas. June 'M. Again there are symptoms of excitement. Numbers of laborers and others are grouped together here and there in tin (reels, not iu tuilicieiit numbers, it ia true, tn alfrd any pretext for the maneuvers of ttie soldiery, hut still giving token of discontent and brooding mischief. Not far from the General Post-Oilice, in tho Rue Jean Jacques Rouitmau, a number of persona were congregated, as 1 paused the spot, an , hour ago. Men in blouses were talking m an under tone and gesticulating violently, but 1 was unable to catch the drill of iheir diMCus'ion. In the small streets in the neighborhood of the Porte St. Denis, aa well as in the Faubourg Si Antonio, these gatherings of iho people are noticed. Il ia well known that a parly ot men who were arrested a dnv or twoago lor shouting Vive Napoleon !" were in possesion! of sums of money, varying from to 40 francs each. 1 hat se cret agents of Louis Napoleon are among us, it doubt- ed by lew. The Chaos of which I spoke in my last is becoming still more confused ; or, if there is any apioarance of order emerging from the bewildering ferireiils.il on of parlies, tt it the order of another revolution. . The Morally Sublime. Republican iiinlituiiout often alford illustrations of the truly ureal mid sublime, uiiaurpasaed in the annals of ihe worhfa history. Few more ailecling instances of this kind are on record than ihe resignation of Gov. Shuuk, with its attendant circumstances. Intelligence was forwarded by telegraph, yesterday, of the a m picnic u that he had reaigued, and that hemorrhage of tho lungs had supervened upon Ins long atlliction. Ihe southern mail continue the intelligence and brings the act of resignation. To tit the whole cir-omittances present an at lee ling and impressive scene. A man elevated by the sullragca of hit neighbors and fellow citizens to llie high honor of the Executive chair of the State, smitten with tnorial aieaness, lying on a beH from which he it conscious that "mall human probability he will never rise," calmly reaigmng lo hia fellow men the oilice with which they have clothed him, and bretllung the solemn prayer that, " peace, virtue, intelligence and religion' may dwell among them. The concluding paragraph ot the act of resignation gives the crowning sublimity to the scene. V. V. C'ummrrcitil .idrertitrr. TO THE PKOPI.E OF PENNSYLVANIA. It haviuir pleased divine providence lo deprive mo of tho Btrenglh necessary t the farther discharge of ihe duties of your chief magistrate, and to lay me on a bed of sickness, from winch, I am admon ihed by my physicians and my own increasitig debility, I may iu all human probability never rise, 1 have resolved, upon mature reflection, under a conviction of duty, on this day to restore to you the trust with which your suffrages have clothed me, in order that yon may vail yourselves of the provisions of the cnnxtitution tu "Iiooho a successor at the next general election. 0 I therefore hereby resign Ihe oilice of Governor af ho Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and direct tint my resignation to be filed in the otHco uf Ihe Secretary of the Commonwealth. In taking leave of you under cireumslancea to solemn, accept my gratitude for the confidence you have reposed m me. My prayer is, that peace, virtue, intelligence and rehtfion may pervade all your borders; lhat Ihe free institutions yon have inhetiled from your aiiccctors mav remain unimpaired till the last ttoaieri- ty ; that the same kind Providence which has already blessed you may conduct you to a still higher stale of individual and social happiness, and, when the world "hall dote upon yon, as I feel ii it soon about to nloae upon me, that you may envy the consolations of the christian tailh; and be gathered, without a wanderer lost, into the fold uf the Great Shepherd almve. FRANCIS R. SHUNK, TUESDAY EVENING, JULY IS, 184N. Whig Electors Vacaacy Supplied. At the Whig State Convention hold in Hub city on the l!)th of January last, it waa resolved that our delegates to the Whig National Convention be author-ized to designate two persona as candidates for Presidential Electors for tho State at large, to Boon at said Convention shall have nominated Whig candidates fur the Presidency and Vice Presidency. In pursuance ot this authority, the Ohio delegate! to the National Convention at Philadelphia on the 7th of Juue, selected Major William Oliver, of Hamilton county, and Dr. Samuel L. Disskll, of Wayne county, ai bucIi candidates for Electora at large. Almost simultaneously with these selections, Dr. Dispell, while absent from his home, took ill, and suddenly died. Tho vacancy thus created has been supplied by the State Central Committee, by the appointment of Hon. William L. Pkukinb, of Lake county an excellent aelection, and one which, we arc sure, cannot fail to give entire satisfaction to the friends of Tavlor and Fili.muhk in all parta of the Stale. The Nicholion Letter. In compliance with request! from various quarters, we place before our readers to day the letter of Lewis Cass to A. O. P. Nicholson, of Tennessee, upon tho tubjectof iho War and Ihe Wilmot Proviso. This letter speaks not merely the sentiments of ita putative author. Brought into existence, without doubt, by the joint action of Gen. Cass and llie " peculiar circle" to which he belongs, and probably called out at his and their suggestion, it haa been copied extensively by the Locofoco press every where, and ita sentiments endorsed and commended as Ihe deliberate judgment of that party throughout the Unim. We have neither time nor disposition to comment upon the abmird ferocity of Ihe doctrinea contained in the letter, nor to expatiate upon their narrow, selfish and inhuman tendency ; and we only at this moment desire to warn the people of ihe United Stales against any course which ahall elevate lo the chief magistracy of this nation a man whose construction of the Constitution it ao one-Bided and illiberal, and whose prac tice at the tame time, ai an executive ulficer, promises to be no autocratical and despotic. The Revolution ol Mny Tenth. In reading the accounts of the terrible public dit turbancei in unhappy France, where revolution succeeds revolution, and ono paroxysm of popular mad ness is but the harbinger of another of more cruel intensity, our hearts are irresiitaUy lifted in profound gratitude to Heaven, for ita sacred gifts of public peace and political harmony to America. Here, no people hive been atunned by hereditary bondage, no citizens have been maddened by oppression, no republicans have been hound down by the chains of despotism until their light of reason hat failed to enable them lo see the ben u lies of political truth when it has been presented; and no demagogue has, aa yet, been able hy an inflammatory exhibition of evils, alight or imaginary, to drive from the hearts of lb" people thvir long cherished love for their free and glorious institutions. Dul while our hearts thus flow out in emotions of gratitude tn the "author of peace and lover of concord," it is our stern and imperative duty not to forget tint we have within the borders ol our Slate within Ihe bosom of every community even iu the high placet of our land, men who havo raised a cry egainst the CnuiUuiion of our Stale; against the laws that have been created under it, and against the institutions which are the i.lftpnng of thoso laws, and who have stricken hands together, banded and sworn never to rest until they have overthrown all these, and have laid them in one mass of promiscuous rum. And men have walked the streets of our peaceful towns and cities, and made the very air hideous with a cry for human slaughter. Dlood, arms, murder and rapine all the horrid feature! of that most cruel of all wars, an intestine commotion, were spoken of with a familiarity and a boldness that indicated loo close an acquaintance with tlie tad machinery of homicide and revolution. These plots and plant are still in existence. In the secret conventicle of tho revolutionist, the fulminating material of tlie anarchist is even now being elab orated. The hyena no longer screams for blood in public, it is true; but it is whispered nonetheless emphatically for that in the recettet of the pandemo nium. The public organ talks no longer uf the ruins in which we are to look in vain for the relics of the liberty we now enjoy ; but in lis place a grim smile of intelligence lights up the countenance of the tec ret conspirator. More it done, less it said, and nothing transpires. The dettructives, alarmed at the horror and diKgust with which the people greeted their howl for carnage havo stifled the cry in public that it may rankle with oven greater intensity in their own bosoms And these revolutionists are no obscure men in their party. Some of them aland forth aa candidate! for high and responsible otlicei in Ihe gift of Ihe people of ihe Stale. One of theae, the unblushing trumpeter of; a bravery discovered by no one but himself, boldly, in 1 hia safe position among a peaceful people, vaunts hun-1 elf upon an appetite for bloodshed, acquired on a fo reign soil, and gives proof of hia courage by calling up on hia fellow citizens to point their bayouola against each other ; and to allow him to lead Ihcm in bailie array to invade the capital of that Slate that givea him a home, and that has hatched and nourished him iuto! a reptile existence. I And another, wlmee Jeep scaled corruption of ioul and intellect haa been doicrihed by hi! own political associate! under the type of the disgusting disintegra. lion of a phy sical death, haa, almost while we are writing, been thrown forward hy a party that should have voided and covered hun up from iu tight aa unclean, into a position of prominence aa a candidate for a station where, if he be e.ecled, he may carry abroad the newt of the corruption that rankh a in the bosom of Ins party at home; himself being, at the aame moment, ita widest proclanner and its most loathsome evidence. There is a third. One whose hold and energetic vigor in a cause for whose merits ho cared nothing, led hia party in a career of victory for yean, and whose concentrated aelfishnew and corrupt advocacy of wicked men and bad measures, caused ita overwhelming defeat; who now, canister-like, dangle! at the utmost extremity of a hand that would gladly aever the connection which vxisla between them; he, too, dared to advocate the overthrow of our CoiiBtilulion, and alanda committed by the record to measures tending lo anar chy and blooodshed. And the prom s of this revolution ia atill iroinir on The time poinird out in the plot for Iheemploymentof the ulttrwr metmirrj haa not vet anived ThrCmn- nntlee of Safety, organized lo catch and hold Ihe go vernment when it shall be atricken from the hands uf ils legitimate possettora, ia alill in lively existence ; and all the machinery for dealing a death blow to our institutions, lives in all the vigor of a recent organi- It appears to me that the kind of metaphysical mag nanimily, which would reject all indemnity at theclose of a bloody and expensive war, brought on by a direct attack upon our troops by the enemy, and preceded by a succession of unjust acta for a scries of year", ii aa unworthy of the age in which we live, as it it revolting to the common tense and practice of mankind It would conduce but little to our future security, or, indeed, tu our present reputation, to declare that we repudiate all expectation of compensation from the Mexican government, and are fijfhlinir, not fur any practi cal result, but fur some vague, perhaps, philanthropic object, wnicn escapes my penetration, and must be defined hy those who assume tint new principle of national intercommunication. All wart arc to be depre cated, aa well by the atateaman, as by ihe philanthro pist. 1 hey are great evils ; uui there are greater evil! than" these, and submission to injustice is among them. The nation which should refuse to defend its rights and ita honor, when aBtiailed, would soon have neither to defend ; and when driven to war, it is noi by professions of disinterestedness and declarations of magnanimity, that ita rational object! can best be obtained, or other nations taught a lesson of forbearance the strongest security for permanent peace. We are at war with Mexico, and ilt vigorous prosecution it the Burett means of its speedy termination, and ample indemnity the surest guarantee against the recurrence of such injustice as provuked it. ihe Wilmot Proviso hat been before the country Bonie time. It hat been repeatedly discussed ita Congress, and by the public press. I am strongly imprest' ed with the opinion, thai a great change hat been go ing on in the public mind upon tint sunject m my own at well as others ; and thai doubts are resolving themselves into convictions, that the principle it involves should bo kept out of the National Legislature, and left lo the people of the confederacy iu their re- spectivo local governments. The whole subject it a comprehensive one, end fruitful nf important consequences. It would be ill-limed to discuss it here. 1 shall not assume lhat re-Mpoiixible task, but shall confine myself lo such general views as are necessary to Iho fair exhibition of my opinions. We may well regret (he existence of slavery in the southern States, and wish they had been saved from it! introduction, uui lucre il is, and not uy the act ol the present generation ; and wo must deal witli it at a great practical question, involving the most momentous consequences, VVe have neither the right nor the power to touch it where it exists; and if we had both, their exercise, by any means heretofore suggested, might lead to result which no wite man would willingly encounter, and which no good man could con. template without anxiety. The theory of our Government presupposes lhat itt various members have reserved lo themselves llie regulation of all subjects relating to what may be termed their internal police. They are sovereign within their boundaries, except in those rases where they have surrendered to the Genera! Government a portion of their righls, in order to give effect to Ihe object! of tlie Union, whether lln-se cuncern foreign nations or the several Stotes Ihemn Ive!. Local inslituliona, if I may bo spesk, whether they have reference to slavery, or to any other relation!, domestic or public, are left to local authority, either original or derivative. Congress has no right to say, that there aim It be slavery in New York, or lhat there shall be no slavery in Georgia; nor ia Uiecr any other human power, but the people of those States, respectively, which can change the relation! existing therein; and they can aay, if they will, we will have slavery in ihe fo uier, and we will abolish it iu the latter. fn various reaped! the Territories differ from Ihe Statei. Some of their ri-'ht! are inchoate, and they do not possess the peculiar attributes of tovereignly. Their relalion to the General Government is verv hope r feci ly defined by the Conttilutioii ; and il will be found, upon examination, lhat in that instrument the only grunt of power concerning them is conveyed in the phrase, "Congress ahall have the power lo dia- pose of and make all needful rules and rf-irulitions. respecting the territory ami older property belonging lo the United States." Certainly this phraseology it very loose, it il were destined tu include in the irrnnt tlie whole power of legislation over persons aa well as things. The expression, the "territory and other property," fairly construed, relates to the public lands ua such, to arsenals, dock-yards, forts, ships, and all the various kinds of property, which Ihe United Statei may and must possess. Dot surely the simple authority tn diipo$t of and regulate these, does Hot extend to llie ultnnated power of legislation ; to the pans age of all lines, in Ihe most general acceptation of the word ; which, by the by, ia carefully excluded from the sentence. And, indeed, if this were to, il would render necessary another pro vision of the Couaiiiutioit, which grants to Congress the power lo leguhlc, with the consent of Ihe States, respectively, over all placet purchased fr the "erection of forts, magazines, araenals, dock-yards, dec." Thefcv being the property " of the United States, if the power to make "needful rule! and regulation! concerning " them includes llie general power of leg. uihtinii, then the grant uf authority to regulate " the territory and other properly of Ihe United Statea" ia unlimited, wherever subjects are f mud for ila operation, nnil its exercise needed no auxiliary provision. If, on Ihe othei hand, il doea not include inch power of legislation over llie "other property " of the United Stales, then it does nut include it over their "trrrito-rij ;" f n? the aame terms which grant the one, grant tin oilier. " Territory" is here cUsted with proeriy, and treated as such ; and the object was eviileutly to enable Ihe General Governoieiit, at a properly-bolder which, from necessity, it iiiuhI be to manage, pro. serve, and " dispose of" such property at il mighl pot-teat, and winch authority it essential almost to ita being. Dut the lives and persons uf our citizens, with the vast variety of objects couuecied with them, can not be controlled by anaulhority, which ia merely called into existence for the purpose of making rules and regulations for the disposition and manugmtnt of property. Such, it appears to me, would be the construction put upon this provision of Ihe Constitution, were this question now first presented for consideration, and not controlled by imperious circumstances. The original ordinance of the Congress of the Confederation, passed 17o7, and which waa ihe only act upon this lubjeot in force at the adoption of ttie Constitution, provided a complete frame of government for the country north of the Olii i, while in a territorial condition, and for ila eventual admission in separate Statei inio the Union. And the persuasion, that this ordinance contained within itself all Iho necessary meant of execution, probably prevented any direct reference to the subject in the Constitution, further than vetting in Congrrti the right to admit the Statea formed under it into the Union. However, circumstance! arose, which required legislation, ai well over the territory north of theOhio,asoverother territory, both within and without the original Union, ceded lo the General Government ; and, at various times, a more enlarged power haa been exerriaed over ttie Territories meaning thereby Iho diifen-nt Territorial Governments than is conveyed by the limited grant referred to. How far tn existing necessity may have operated in producing this legislation, and ihua extending, by rather a vii-lent implication, powers not directly given, 1 know not. Dut certain it it, that the principle of interference should not be carried beyond the necessary implication, which producei it. It thould be limited to the creation of proper governments for new countries, acquired or aeltled, and to tho neeesasry provision for their eventual admission into the Union; leaving, in the meantime, to the people inhabiting them, to regulate their internal concerns in their own way. They are just aa caoable of doing lo, at the people of the Stales ; and they can do to, at any rale, as toon ai their political independence n recognized by admission into Ihe Unen. During tins temporary condition, R is hardly expedient to call into exercise a douhiful and invidious authority, which questions the intelligence of a respectable portion of our ciinena, and who limitation, whatever it may be, will be rapidly ap proaching ilt termination an authority winch would aation. Nothing hat been retrtelcd, nothing repented 1,1 ""tf"'" despotic pow-r, uncontrolled by the of, and .hew bold had men are a. much wedded to j Cnrtitui.nii,otr.r m.t m.pori.ut arcuuna ofour co,,,-. .... w u mon country for, if the relation of master and ier- imuw.ceu ana uciirucimi project! now, la they ! fMl , uUtcd or annihilated hy its legislation, were on the first day that they railed the cry of liaviw, may the relation of hiiahand and wife, of parent and and anutled the breeze of heaven, ai if the taint of child, and of any other condition which our insiitu blood waa already upon it. THE NICHOLSON LETTER. I WABinanTiiN, Deo. 3.1, 1HI7. I Gentlkmrn: Agreeably tn your request, I place at your disposal a copy of tlie letter to which you refer. With great respect, 1 am, genllemen, your otieiiieiu servant, LEWIS CASS. Hon. J Thompson, W. 8. Fealherston, W m. Sawyer, T J. Turner, W. W Wick, J U Kobinsnn, II. a, Fule, Huwell Cobb, A W. Venable, D. S. Dickinson. Wasim-iotob, Dec. 114, 1HO. DitAn Sin : I have received your letter, and ahall answer it as frankly aa it is written. You ask me whether 1 am in favor nf Ihe acquisition of Mexican territory, and what are my sciilmiouli with reirard to the Wilmot Proviso? I have so often and ao explicitly staled my viewi of the first question in tho Senate, that it teems a I mot t unnecessary lo repeal them here. As you request it, however, 1 shall briefly give thcin. I think, then, that no peace should he granted to Mexico, till a reasonable mih tiiv ia obtained for the injuriei whu h the has done us. 'I he territorial ezlent of tins indemnity ts, in the first instance, a subject of Executive consideration. There the Constitution has placed it, and Ihere I am willing in leave it; not only because I have lull confidence in ila judicious exercise, but because, in the ever-varying circumstances of a wnr, it would be indiscreet, by a public declaration, In commit the country lo any line of indemnity, which might otherwise be enlarged, at the obstinate injustice nf the enemy prolongs the contest, With ill lost of blood and treasure. lions and the habila of our aociely recognize. What would be thought if Congress should undertake to prescribe the termi of marriage in New York, or lo re ii u late the authority of pan-uts over their children in Pennsylvania! And yet il would be aa vain to seek one justifying the interference of tho National Legislature in the cases n ferred to in the original State! of the Union. I speak here of the inherent power of Congress, and do not touch the question of such contracts, aa may be formed with now Statei when ad i ir tied into ttie Confederacy. Of all Ihe questions that can agilate us, those which are merely sectional in their character an- iho most dangerous, and Ihe moat to he deprecated. The warning voice of hun who, from his character and services, and virtue, had tho beat right to warn us, proclaimed to hia countrymen, in hit larewell address that monument of wisdom for Inm, it I hope it will be of lately for them how much we had to apprehend from meaaurei peculiarly alleoting geographical poiiiumof our country. The grave circumstances in which wa are now placed makn these words, words of safety for 1 am aaiislied, from all 1 have seen and heard here, that a successful attempt to ingraft the principles of the Wilmot Proviso uuon the h irtplation of tint Gov ernment, and to apply them to new territory, should new territory be acquired, would icruuuly atleel our tranquility 1 do not slid r myself lo foresee m lo foretell ihe consequence! lhat would ensue; for 1 trust and believe Ihero ia gmid tense and good feeling enough in Ihe country to avoid ihein, by avoiding all oeeaainria which might h ad lo I hem Dnefly, then, I am opposed tn ihe exereue of any lurisdirimii by Cnntftesi over ilns mailer; and 1 am in favor nf having lo Ihe people of any territory, i which may be hereafter acquued, tint rig hi lo regulate it for themselves, under the general principles of th Constitution. Because L I do not aee in the Constitution any errant of th requisite power lo Co tigress : and 1 am not dit nosed t extend a doublful precedent beyond its necessity the . ,(-( OI lernionai uovernmenti when need ed leaving to the inhabitant! all Ihe righla compati- n I. ""win they bear to the Confederation. i Dccause I oelievtitioa i.m.auro ifmAnmA w.,.,M weaken, if not impair, the union of the Stales; and WOUld IOW the Seeds of future rfi.nrH wlnrh .n.,M grow up and ripen into an abundant harvest ofca-lamity. J. iiecauie I believe a ireneral conviction, that such a proposition would succeed, would lead to an immediate withholding of the autmliea. and iho. iA A.m. honorable termination of the war. 1 think no dispai-lionate observer at the icatof Government can duubt this result. 4. If, however, in this I am under a misRinrhMn. sion, I am under none in the practical operation of the re-incHon, ii auopteu by I ungreas, upon a treaty P'-'Y3 ""iMg any acquisition ol Mexican territory. Such a treaty would bo rejected just as certainly ai presented to the Senate. More than one-third of that body would vote against it, viewing such a principle as an exclusion or tho citizens of the ilaveholding Statei from a participation in the bo no fits acquired hy Ihe treasure and exerti miof all. and which .h.oilrl . common to all. I am repealing neither advancing nor defending these views. That branch of Dm ml.. ject doea not lie in my way, and I ahall not turn atide io seen ii. In thii aipectof the matter, the oeonle of the lint. ted Statei must choose between thii restriction and the extension of their territorial limits. They cannot have both ; and which Ihey will surrender must depend upon their rppreientalivcifint, and then, if thoie fail them, upon themselves. u. mui, atler all, it leemi to be generally conceded, that this restriction, if carried into effect, could not operate upon any State to b formed from newly acquired territory. Tho well known attributes of sove reignly, recognized by us as belonging to the State Governments, would sweet, before them inv soh harrier, and would leave the oeonle to ornreii and. ert their will at pleaiure. Is the object, then, of temporary excJusiun for so short a period ai the duration of Iho Territorial Government!, worlh the price at which it would be purchased f worlh the discord it would engender, the trial to which it would expoie our Union, and Iheevili that would he the certain con-aeqence, let that trial result as it might? As to the course, which uaa been intimated rather than proposed, uf iugraAiriir such a restriction mmn inv irentvnf acqurtition, I persuade myself it would find but liltle mor mi any portion ot tins country. Such an arrangement would render Mexico a oarlv. having a right to interfere in our internal institutions in questions kfl by the Constitution to the State Govern- meniB, ami wouui intiict a serious blow upon our fundamental principle!. Few, indeed, I trust, there are among m who would Ibus grant to a foreign power the right to inquire into ihe constitution and rnnrinet of the aovereigii Stales of the Union ; and if there are any, 1 am not tmong them, nor never shall be. To llie people of Una country, under God, now and hereafter, are itt destinies committed ; and we want no fo reign power to interrogate us, treaty in hand, and to aay, why have you done Ibis, or why have you left that undone ? Our own dignity and llie principles of national independence unite to repel iuch a proposition. ' r r Dut there is another important consideration, which ought nol to be lost siL'hl of in the investigation of this subject. The question that presents itaell it not a question of the increase, but of ttie diffusion of slavery, Whether its sphere be italionary or progrei- u uoiiim win ue me same. 1 he rejection of Ibis restriction will not add one to the claw of servitude, nor will its adoption give freedom to a iingle being who is now placed therein. The lame numbers will be spread over greater territory: and ao far as compression, with less abundance of the necessarieii of life, ia an evil, to far will that evil be mitigated by ......IJ.MUIIK uvea ui new country, and giving Iheui a large apace to occupy. i aay una in ihe event of the extension of slavery over any new acquisition. Dul can il go there? This may well bo doubled All the descriptions which reach ui of the condition of the California- and of New Mex ico, to the acquisition of winch our efforts seem at pre tent directed, unite in representing those countries a agricultural regions, umilar in their producti to our middle Statea, and generally until for Ihe production of the great Haplei, which can alone render slave la bor valuable, if we ire not irmilv deceived and n is dillicuJl to conceive how we can be the inhabitant of those regions, whether they depend upon their ploughs or their herds, cannot be slaveholders. Involuntary labor, requiring the investment of large capital, can only be profitable when employed iu llie production of a few favored article! confined by nature to special districts, and paying larger returm than the usuai agricultural producti spread over more considerable por lion t of the earth hi the able teller of Mr. Uuchnnan unon this suit. jeet, not long since given lo the public, he pretenii iiiiuar contiucraiions witn great force. neither, Bays the distinguished writer, " the aoil, the climate, nor the productions of California south of 3ju:Ul', nor indeed of any portion of it, north or south, is adapted to slave labor ; and besides, evert facility would be there afforded for the slave tu escape from hia maaler. Such property would be entirely insecure in any part of California- It ii morally impossible, therefore, lhat a majority of the emigrant to thai portion of the territory south of hMi" ;M' which will be ehieilv Minimi. ed of our citizens, will ever re-establish slavery within ill limits. " In regard lo New Mexico, east of the Rio Grande. the question haa already been settled by the adiiui- U ii-Ai. iiiiu hip union. "Should wo acquire territory beyond the Rio Grande and east of the Rocky Mouuuini, it i mil more impossible thai a majority of the people would consent lo rt-est.it.ltsk tlavery. They are themselvei a oolored population, and among them the negro doea not belong socially lo a degraded race." With thii last remark Mr. Walker fully coincide! in hn letter written iu 1N4 upon the annexation of Texas, and which everywhere produced ao favorablo an impression upon the public mind, sa to have conduced very materially to the accomplishment of that great measure. " Deyond the Del Norte," aaya Mr. """"i slavery will nol pan; not only because it n forbidden by law, but bocajse the colored race there preponderates in the ratio of ten In one over the whites ; and holding, aa Ihey do, the Government and most of the o Hi ccs in their possession, they will not permit Ihe enslavement of any portion of the colored race, which makes and executes the lawaot the country"The question, it will be therefore Been on examination, dor i not regard the exclusion of slavery from a region where it now exists, but a prohibition against its introduction where it does not exist, and where, from the feelings of the inhabitants and the lawaof nature, "it is morally im; ible," as Mr. liuchanan lays, that il can ever re-establish itself. It augurs well for the permanence of our Confederation, that, during innru Ihan half a century, which has elapsed unee the eitabhthment of Una Government, many aertous questions, and aome of the highest importance, have agitated the public mind, and more than once threatened ihe gravest eoniequennei, but lhat they have all in succession passed away leaving our institutions unscathed, and our country ad vaiicmg in numbers, power, and wealth, and in all the other elements of national prosperity, with a rapidity unknown in ancient or in modern days. In times of political excil -mrnt, when difficult and dele-eate questions preseul themselvei for solution, then-is one ark of safely for us and lhat is, an honest appeal to the fundamental principles of our Union, and a itern determination to abide their dictate!. This course of proceeding has carried ui in wifely through many a trouble, and 1 trust will carry ua safely throueh many more, should many more be destined to assail ua. The Wilmot Proviso seeks to take from ilt lejrit imale tribunal a question of domestic policy, havmi no relation t Ihe Union, aa such, and to transfer it to another, created by Ihe people for a apecial piirp..-, and foreign to the subject nutter involved in tint is tue. Hy goiegback hmurtrue principles, we go ha t io ine rnau oi peace ana suciy. ueave to the poop wno win be attecieti hy this quesiion, to adjust it up their own responsibility, snd in their own manner, a we ahall render another triouie in the original p'iri. i pies of our Government and furnish another guatati tee for its permanency and prosperity. 1 am, dear iir, respcctlully, your obedient aervant, LEWIS CASS. A. O. P. NiciioLinir, Eaq .A'inAn, Tenntsstt. fttntf) Unnk or Ohio. The Hoard of Control of Ibis Institution closed ila seas ton at this place a few daya since. It consists of a I resident, and delegate from each branch of the Stale Hank, and exercises a supervisory care over the affairs of the respective branches, for ttie faithful management ol which the whole are jointly and severally responsible. The Slate Hank makes no issues of Us paper except through its branches. Two new branches were added al (be late meeting uf the Hoard of Control, vix: one at Athens, and one at W'athingion, Guernsey county making Ihe present numberiairy- Nlftt. One of ihe most important acta at the late meeting of Ihe Hoard of Control, and wlnrh shows the cautious and conservative pmt in which its attain are man-rttfed, was the adoption by lhat body of a determination, thai each brunch shall keep on hand and in ila own vaults, in gold and silver coin, the whole amount required hy law aa the basis for its circulation. Thii rule tliHpeuses wholly wilh eastern depositrs as abasia for circulation ; Ihe tendency of which ia tu render more tile the bills of (he Stale Hank, by exactly so far a gold and silver coin actually in band, it more aecure than funds depotiUd in the vaults uf Danki in the Allanl'c ciliri.