Traces chirugicales en archéo- Désert du tarim- âge bronze

"The earliest Tarim mummies, found at Qäwrighul and dated to 1800 BCE, are of a Caucasoid physical type whose closest affiliation is to the Bronze Age populations of southern Siberia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, and the Lower Volga.[2]:237The cemetery at Yanbulaq contained 29 mummies which date from 1100–500 BCE, 21 of which are Mongoloid—the earliest Mongoloid mummies found in the Tarim basin—and 8 of which are of the same Caucasoid physical type found at Qäwrighul.[2]:237Notable mummies are the tall, red-haired "Chärchän man" or the"Ur-David" (1000 BCE); his son (1000 BCE), a small 1-year-old baby withblond hair protruding from under a red and blue felt cap, and bluestones in place of the eyes; the "Hami Mummy" (c. 1400–800 BCE),a "red-headed beauty" found in Qizilchoqa; and the "Witches of Subeshi"(4th or 3rd century BCE), who wore two foot long black felt conicalhats with a flat brim.[3]Also found at Subeshi was a man with traces of a surgical operation onhis neck; the incision is sewn up with sutures made of horsehair.Surgery was considered heretical in ancient Chinese medical tradition.[4]"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarim_Mummies

"Subashi lies a good distance from Qizilchoqa, and its site is at leastseven centuries younger, yet the bodies and their clothing arestrikingly similar. In addition to the "witch's hat," clothing foundthere included fur coats and leather mittens; the Subashi women alsoheld bags containing small knives and herbs, probably for use asmedicines. A typical Subashi man, said by the Chinese team to be atleast 55 years old, was found lying next to the corpse of a woman in ashallow burial chamber. He wore a sheepskin coat, felt hat, and longsheepskin boots fastened at the crotch with a belt.

AnotherSubashi man has traces of a surgical operation on his neck; theincision is sewn up with sutures made of horsehair. Mair wasparticularly struck by this discovery because he knew of a Chinese textfrom the third century A.D. describing the life of Huatuo, a doctorwhose exceptional skills were said to have included the extraction andrepair of diseased organs. The text also claims that before surgery,patients drank a mixture of wine and an anesthetizing powder that waspossibly derived from opium. Huatuo's story is all the more remarkablein that the notion of surgery was heretical to ancient Chinese medicaltradition, which taught that good health depended on the balance andflow of natural forces throughout the body. Mair wonders if the Huatuolegend might relate to some lost Asian medical tradition practiced bythe Xinjiang people. One clue is that the name Huatuo is uncommon inChina and seems close to the Sanskrit word for medicine."