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A review of thousands of studies published over 21 years found “overwhelming” and growing consensus among scientists that humans are mostly to blame for global warming, its authors said.

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This contradicts a widely held view that scientists are deeply divided
on the topic — a misconception that complicates efforts to win public backing
for climate policy, the authors wrote in the journal Environmental Research
Letters.

“An accurate perception of the degree of scientific consensus is an
essential element to public support for climate policy,” they wrote.

“Communicating the scientific consensus also increases people’s
acceptance that climate change is happening.”
Researchers from the United States,
Australia and Canada reviewed
more than 4,000 scientific papers that expressed a position on whether humans
were mostly to blame for recent global warming.

The papers, published between 1991 and 2011, were written by more than
10 000 scientists.

Just over 97% agreed that manmade warming was a reality.

“Our analysis indicates that the number of papers rejecting the
consensus... is a vanishingly small proportion of the published research,” the
team wrote.

In stark contrast, opinion polls conducted in the United States
from 1997 to 2007 found that about 60% of Americans believed there to be
significant disagreement among scientists.

“Scientists overwhelmingly agree that the Earth is warming due to human
activity,” said the authors, who claim that their work is the most
comprehensive review of its kind ever undertaken.

“There is a significant gap between public perception and reality.” The United Nations is targeting a maximum
temperature rise of two degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) on
pre-industrial levels, for what scientists believe would be manageable climate
change.

To this end, countries are negotiating curbs to emissions of Earth-warming
greenhouse gases released by fossil fuel burning.

Last week, the level of carbon dioxide in Earth’s atmosphere breached a
threshold of 400 parts per million - a level never experienced by humans and
considered the absolute maximum for the two-degree target to remain within
reach.