Contraceptives

http://www.empowher.com/mental-health/content/your-contraceptives-can-affect-your-mental-health Your Contraceptives Can Affect Your Mental HealthDr. Wendie Trubow, a board certified gynecologist and quality director at Visions HealthCare, said in an email that birth control pills especially can have the ability to affect mental health. “Any contraceptive that contains hormones has the potential to [impact] a woman's mental health due to the effect synthetic hormones can have on a woman's body,” Trubow said. “For any woman who is prone to depression, anxiety, sadness, or [mood] swings, the hormone-containing contraceptives can magnify those responses.” “The mechanism is complicated, and involves the woman's innate state of health, her overall toxic burden, and the way her liver processes and her gut excretes the hormones she has taken,” she added. “Additionally, oral contraceptives inhibit ovulation, which can blunt a woman's sexual drive. This can be distressing for many women and their partners, who don't understand why their sex drive is suddenly diminished.” For women who are already experiencing mental health problems before taking contraceptives, it can be a gamble to starting taking pills with hormones. “Any woman who has a history of depression, anxiety, panic disorders, mood swings or seasonal affective disorder should consider how well she manages her mental health prior to beginning a hormone-containing contraceptive, because for a subset of women, taking this type of contraceptive can worsen an underlying mental health issue,” Trubow said.

http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/the-catholic-church-and-contraception.html The Catholic Church and Contraception6 of 7 in Series: The Essentials of the Catholic Church’s Stance on Controversial Issues The Catholic Church believes that artificial contraception is sinful and immoral and may frustrate a divine plan to bring a new life into the world. Instead of using birth control methods such as the pill, IUDs, diaphragms, and condoms, Catholics can use Natural Family Planning (NFP) techniques. Beliefs about artificial contraception

For the Church, the worst aspect of birth control pills is that many of them aren’t true contraceptives; they don’t prevent the sperm and egg from conceiving. Instead, they work as an abortifacient, causing the uterus to eject potentially fertilized eggs. Because Catholicism holds that life begins at conception, any fertilized egg is an embryo and a human person. The Church also says that artificial contraception is morally wrong, because each and every sex act can occur only between husband and wife and must be directed toward two ends: love and life, that is, the intimate unity between the man and woman (love) and possibly procreating another human being (life). Conception and pregnancy don’t have to occur each time, but no man-made barriers should prevent what God may intend to happen. When love and life — unity and procreation — are separated, then sex becomes an end in itself rather than a means to an end. Birth control makes sex recreational, and removing what may be perceived as the “danger” of pregnancy means that couples no longer need to communicate about when and when not to have sex and whether they want or can afford another child. Discussions on this topic can actually strengthen the marriage. The natural alternative to contraception

The Catholic Church permits and encourages married couples to space births and plan how big or small their families will be by using Natural Family Planning (NFP). By using natural science — taking body temperature, checking body fluids, and using some computations — a woman can determine with 95 percent accuracy when to have sex and not get pregnant. A woman is fertile during approximately seven to ten days per cycle and is infertile the rest of the time. When practiced properly, NFP is as effective as any artificial birth control method. And it’s not difficult to learn. Mother Theresa...

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Contraceptive
By Rina Rusi
Human Sexuality
Prof. Elona Gjebrea
UNYT
Contraception is a deliberate prevention of pregnancy using any of several methods ranging from natural to scientific ones. There are a variety of methods available in accordance to its nature of use. Some methods provide short term birth control facility whereas some other provides permanent or long term birth control facility. The following paper discusses some of the most popular reversible and irreversible methods of contraception.
The choice of the method of contraception is a personal decision based on individual preferences for convenience and comfort, medical histories and the risks and benefits and side effects associated with each method. This calls for the personal involvement of the sexually active males and females to take the appropriate decisions keeping in mind the above stated factors. Further considerations become imperative when the contraception methods are implemented or long term. The issues like whether a couple intends to have children in future are of prime importance before opting for any specific method. Almost all the birth control methods are reversible. With the discontinued usage of the birth control technique men and women will be fertile to their normalcy and will still be able to reproduce. However in the case of surgical methods it becomes comparatively difficult to reverse the situation back to normalcy; which means that once the...

...Ashley Peterson, 9-27-11
T, TH 9:30-10:20
Essay 2
What’s Your Plan B?
In the United States, half of all pregnancies are unplanned. This is where emergency contraceptives come into play. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration, the Plan B pill is used as a backup plan after unprotected sex or birth control failure. According to the Plan B One-Step website, taking the pill in the first 72 hours this pill in 89 percent effective on preventing the fertilization of an egg. However, taking Plan B in the first 24 hours has the highest effectiveness. The Plan B pill is sold over-the-counter and there’s no prescription needed for men or women over the age of seventeen. It’s because of this over-the-counter availability that some people are concerned. There’s a debate going on whether or not the Plan B pill should be over-the-counter or a prescription drug. It has been an issue in the FDA for over five years now and still the conflict goes on. On the side for prescription Plan B, researchers focus on birth control needing a prescription and the safety of self-administration. On the side for over-the-counter status, researchers focus on condoms not needing a prescription and seeking help from pharmacists instead of doctors.
Representing the side for prescription usage is Dr. Christopher Gacek and Moira Gaul of the Family Research Council. In their article “Plan B: A Grave Threat to Women’s Health” published in August of 2006, Gacek argues, “Birth control...

...sterilization have changed the lives of couples and women from unintended pregnancies. America’s contraception started in 1839 with Goodyear (Tire Company) introducing the making of rubber condoms. The use of contraceptives was newly introduced and by 1960 the FDA approved “the Pill” for marketing; the pill changed America forever. Today, many people believe contraception is a modern invention. However, many methods of contraception go back to ancient times like the Greek and Egyptians. For example, “Egyptians tried fumigating the female genitalia with inserting a mixture of crocodile feces, sour milk and honey, Dunham et al., 1992, (Carroll, pg. 346). Not only has the contraceptive methods evolve but also has the contraceptive use. According the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services using “the pill” prevents unplanned pregnancies by having only 9% chance of a pregnancy among 100 women in a year. There are various forms of oral contraceptives with advantages and disadvantages they all seem to have one thing in common, to prevent pregnancy.
Among the different types of contraceptives, oral contraceptives seem to be the most popular amongst women. In 2002, 30.6% of women would prefer oral contraceptives opposed to male condoms or diaphragms. Many oral contraceptives today contain the hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen which is known as the...

...A ten year Strategy was launched in 1999, by the government with an objective to halve the under 18 Teenage Pregnancy conception rate by 2010. Research has shown that the increased availability and accessibility of the emergency contraceptive pill, (EC) has not had an impact on the new found reduction in the rate of unplanned pregnancy. Using a problem solving approach the author will examine how the nurse should influence and raise awareness of the availability of the emergency contraception pill, levonorgestrel 1.5 mg, during consultation with young teenagers, for long acting reversible contraception. For the purpose of this assignment a young person shall be classified as with the FFPHC (2004) Guidance that states that a ‘young person’ as anyone aged less than 18 years. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland a child is ‘a person who has not reached the age of 18 years’ DoH, (1997) and in Scotland is ‘a person below the age of 16 years’ (The Stationary Office, 1995) Some reference related to contraceptive advice and treatment will be specific to young people aged less than 16 years.
The sexual health needs assessment will be discussed as an indicator that there is a dilemma with the use of the emergency pill. Reference will relate to trends in abortions and how the nurse should work towards the increased demands of those individuals who are changing their behaviour to reduce risks of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases...

...﻿An Acceptable Lifestyle Change: Birth Control Contraceptive Methods
The habitants in today’s era have a greater advantage than those who lived in previous eras before this time. Through this time era, a greater amount of actions, duties, and ideas have been considered to be acceptable rather than inacceptable and looked down upon on for performing them, being a part of it, or simply just being for it. For instance, sex before marriage before in different time periods was completely inacceptable. If one did happen to lose their virginity before sex, they were immediately considered a hoe, looked down upon on, and even family members would become ashamed of one’s actions as well as decisions, therefore, they would be the talk of the town—other items that received a great amount of controversy were contraceptive methods for not just men, but mainly women.
According to Thompson, contraceptive strategies date back up to 3000 B.C when condoms were first made “from such materials such as fish bladders, linen sheaths, and animal intestines.” Thompson states that since then, contraceptive strategies have been enhanced, for instance in “1838 condoms and diaphragms were being made from vulcanized rubber.” Later, in 1873 the Comstock Act Passed in the United States prohibiting any sort of advertisements, information, and any distribution of any sort of birth control strategy, this act even allowed the postal service to...

...you have had a blood clot before you would be advised against this method, as blood clots can lead to a heart attack or a stroke if they block a vein or artery. The risk is higher in your first year of using the patch, and also if you smoke, are overweight, are diabetic or have high blood pressure (hypertension). Research has also shown a higher risk of developing breast or cervical cancer with long term use of the patch.
There are a few advantages to the patch12. It does not interrupt sex, and is very effectiveness. Also, unlike the combined or mini pill, you don’t have to think about it every day, just once a week, which is better for those who don’t have a routine. As the hormones are absorbed by the skin, not the stomach like oral contraceptives, even if you have diarrhoea or vomit it is just as effective. They help with PMS, and help make periods more regular, lighter, and less painful. It can also help decrease the likelihood of developing cancer of the uterus, ovaries and bowel, as well as the risk of ovarian cysts and developing non-cancerous disease in the breasts.
There are also a few disadvantages13. The patch may be visible on the skin depending on where it is stuck. It can also cause irritation of the skin, making it itchy and sore. For the first few months, some women develop symptoms like nausea, tenderness of the breast and headaches. Also, some medicines can make the patch less effective, and you may have to use additional protection while...

...Written Report in Mapeh
Group II
Artificial Contraceptives and Natural Family Planning
Artificial contraception, also known as birth control, are medications used to prevent pregnancy. The primary type of artificial contraception is the birth control pill.
Types:
Mechanical Devices – materials that are inserted or fitted to the reproductive system to prevent pregnancy. Such mechanical devices are condoms, which are inserted to the male genitalia, diaphragm, which is inserted to the female genitalia, and other devices.
Hormonal Methods - There are various delivery methods for hormonal contraception. Forms of synthetic oestrogensand progestins (synthetic progestogens) combinations commonly used include the combined oral contraceptive pill ("The Pill"), the Patch, and the contraceptive vaginal ring ("NuvaRing"). A monthly injectable form, Lunelle, is not currently available for sale in the United States.
Other methods contain only a progestin (a synthetic progestogen). These include theprogesterone-only pill (the POP or 'minipill'), the injectables Depo Provera (a depot formulation ofmedroxyprogesterone acetate given as an intramuscular injection every three months) and Noristerat (Norethindrone acetate given as an intramuscular injection every 8 weeks), and contraceptive implants.
Chemical methods – involves usage of chemically-prepared substances to disrupt the sperms. Spermicides are one...

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Positive and Negative Effects of Hormonal Contraceptives
This paper closely discusses both the positives and negatives of the use of hormonal contraceptives. The question of its benefits versus risks is even more imperative as it affects far more people than other hot topics like death penalty or euthanasia. We are not talking about a couple of horrific criminals but about 100 million women all across the world who take hormonal contraceptives. As with every drug there are always two sides to it, it is likewise with hormonal birth control pills. There are reasons why they are taken, regarded as benefits or medical conditions, while there are negative side-effects and risks related to their use. Consequently, it needs to be analyzed which outweighs the other and if the benefit is worth its risk. As this is a very individual issue each woman should carefully consider her decision. The question remains how much limited this decision should be by a doctor who is prescribing the pills or even possibly by a higher authority as there are considerable risks.
Hormonal birth control serves primarily, as the name reveals, to prevent a woman from getting pregnant. There are numerous advantages such as prevention of giving birth to an unwanted child, less abortions and less young women having a child when they are not ready yet.
However, there are also other serious medical conditions which...