8
MOLECULAR TREES? But in the 25 September issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences… colleagues at the University of California, Irvine, show that the molecular clock could be ripe for the pawnshop… Molecular clocks in general are much more "erratic" than previously thought, and practically useless to keep accurate evolutionary time… 9/28/2001, PM Science Now But in the 25 September issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences… colleagues at the University of California, Irvine, show that the molecular clock could be ripe for the pawnshop… Molecular clocks in general are much more "erratic" than previously thought, and practically useless to keep accurate evolutionary time… 9/28/2001, PM Science Now

11
We also share about 50% of our DNA with bananas and that doesnt make us half bananas, either from the waist up or the waist down. S. Jones, interviewed at the Australian Museum on The Science Show, broadcast on ABC radio, January 12, 2002 We also share about 50% of our DNA with bananas and that doesnt make us half bananas, either from the waist up or the waist down. S. Jones, interviewed at the Australian Museum on The Science Show, broadcast on ABC radio, January 12, 2002

12
A recent report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that the similarity of DNA between chimp and humans is 95% rather than > 98%. R. J. Britten, Divergence between samples of chimpanzee and human DNA sequences is 5% counting indels. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences 99:13633-13635, 2002 A recent report in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that the similarity of DNA between chimp and humans is 95% rather than > 98%. R. J. Britten, Divergence between samples of chimpanzee and human DNA sequences is 5% counting indels. Proceedings National Academy of Sciences 99:13633-13635, 2002

22
If we were to expect to find ancestors to, or intermediates between, higher taxa. It would be in the rocks of late Precambrian to Ordovician times, when the bulk of the worlds higher animal taxa evolved. Yet transitional alliances are unknown or unconfirmed for any of the phyla or classes appearing then. J. W. Valentine & D. H. Erwin, The Fossil Record, in Development as an Evolutionary Process If we were to expect to find ancestors to, or intermediates between, higher taxa. It would be in the rocks of late Precambrian to Ordovician times, when the bulk of the worlds higher animal taxa evolved. Yet transitional alliances are unknown or unconfirmed for any of the phyla or classes appearing then. J. W. Valentine & D. H. Erwin, The Fossil Record, in Development as an Evolutionary Process

23
Below this (Cambrian strata) are vast thicknesses of sediments in which the progenitors...would be expected. But we do not find them; these older beds are almost barren of life, and the general picture could reasonably be consistent with the idea of special creation... Alfred S. Romer, Natural History, October 1959 Below this (Cambrian strata) are vast thicknesses of sediments in which the progenitors...would be expected. But we do not find them; these older beds are almost barren of life, and the general picture could reasonably be consistent with the idea of special creation... Alfred S. Romer, Natural History, October 1959

24
At the higher level of evolutionary transitions between basic morphological designs, gradualism has always been in trouble, though it remains the official position of most Western evolutionists. Smooth intermediates between Bauplane are almost impossible to construct, even in thought experiments, there is certainly no evidence for them in the fossil record (curious mosaics like Archaeopteryx do not count.) Stephen J. Gould & N. Eldredge, Paleobiology 3:147 At the higher level of evolutionary transitions between basic morphological designs, gradualism has always been in trouble, though it remains the official position of most Western evolutionists. Smooth intermediates between Bauplane are almost impossible to construct, even in thought experiments, there is certainly no evidence for them in the fossil record (curious mosaics like Archaeopteryx do not count.) Stephen J. Gould & N. Eldredge, Paleobiology 3:147

25
...I fully agree with your comments on the lack of direct illustrations of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included them...Yet Gould and the American Museum people are hard to contradict when they say there are no transitional fossils...I will lay it on the line - there is not one such fossil for which one could make a watertight argument. Personal letter from Dr. Colin Patterson, Senior Paleontologist at the British Museum of Natural History in London, to L. Sunderland...I fully agree with your comments on the lack of direct illustrations of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included them...Yet Gould and the American Museum people are hard to contradict when they say there are no transitional fossils...I will lay it on the line - there is not one such fossil for which one could make a watertight argument. Personal letter from Dr. Colin Patterson, Senior Paleontologist at the British Museum of Natural History in London, to L. Sunderland

28
…the australopithecines known over the last several decades…are now irrevocably removed from a place in the evolution of human bipedalism, possibly from a place in a group any closer to humans than to African apes and certainly from any place in the direct human lineage. Charles Oxnard, The Order of Man, Yale University Press, pg. 332. …the australopithecines known over the last several decades…are now irrevocably removed from a place in the evolution of human bipedalism, possibly from a place in a group any closer to humans than to African apes and certainly from any place in the direct human lineage. Charles Oxnard, The Order of Man, Yale University Press, pg. 332.

30
The extreme rarity of transitional forms in the fossil record persists as the trade secret of paleontology, the evolutionary trees that adorn our textbooks have data only at the tips and nodes of their branches; the rest in inference, however reasonable, not the evidence of fossils. Stephen J. Gould, Natural History, Vol. 86, pp. 22-30 The extreme rarity of transitional forms in the fossil record persists as the trade secret of paleontology, the evolutionary trees that adorn our textbooks have data only at the tips and nodes of their branches; the rest in inference, however reasonable, not the evidence of fossils. Stephen J. Gould, Natural History, Vol. 86, pp. 22-30

42
The biogenetic law has become so deeply rooted in biological thought that it cannot be weeded out in spite of its having been demonstrated to be wrong by numerous subsequent scholars. W. J. Bock, Science 164:684, 1969 The biogenetic law has become so deeply rooted in biological thought that it cannot be weeded out in spite of its having been demonstrated to be wrong by numerous subsequent scholars. W. J. Bock, Science 164:684, 1969

44
The core scientific issue remains unchanged: Haekels drawings of 1874 are substantially fabricated. In support of this view, I note that his oldest fish image is made up of bits and pieces from different animals - some of them mythical. It is not unreasonable to characterize this as faking...Sadly, it is the discredited 1874 drawings that are used in so many British and American biology textbooks today. M. K. Richardson, Haekels Embryos, Continued, letter to Science, 281 (5381):1289 The core scientific issue remains unchanged: Haekels drawings of 1874 are substantially fabricated. In support of this view, I note that his oldest fish image is made up of bits and pieces from different animals - some of them mythical. It is not unreasonable to characterize this as faking...Sadly, it is the discredited 1874 drawings that are used in so many British and American biology textbooks today. M. K. Richardson, Haekels Embryos, Continued, letter to Science, 281 (5381):1289