The Special Senses of Sight and Hearing

Transcription

1 Chapter 14 The Special Senses of Sight and Hearing Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you will be able to: Define and spell the word parts used to create terms for the special senses of sight and hearing. Identify the major structures of sight and hearing. Break down and define common medical terms used for symptoms, diseases, disorders, procedures, treatments, and devices associated with the special senses of sight and hearing. Build medical terms from the word parts associated with the special senses of sight and hearing. Pronounce and spell common medical terms associated with the special senses of sight and hearing. 402 Chapter 14/ 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

4 True/False Mark each statement as true (T) or false (F). 1. To treat dacryocystitis, antibiotic eye drops are often used to defeat the bacterial infection. 2. The condition of double vision is called glaucoma. 3. The lens of the eye is normally transparent. 4. Correcting vision disorders is usually attempted by the use of corrective lenses or contact lenses following a vision examination by an optometrist. 5. Nearsightedness is called hyperopia. 6. Emmetropia is the normal condition of the eye. 7. Hordeolum is also called a sty. 8. Ophthalmomalacia means hardening of the eye. 9. Presbyacusis is the gradual loss of eyesight due to advancing age. 10. LASIK surgery uses a laser to reshape the corneal tissue and correct vision disorders. Fill in the Blank Fill in the blank with the correct medical term from this chapter. 11. Progressive deterioration of the macula lutea leads to a loss of visual focus and is called. 12. An instrument used to view the ear canal and eardrum is called a(n). 13. In the condition known as, transparency of the lens is reduced, usually as a normal part of the aging process. 14. The surgical repair of the eardrum is known as. 15. A(n) can be caused by a severe blow to the head, high blood pressure, or old age. 16. In, a loss of vision occurs when then fluid pressure within the anterior chamber of the eyeball rises above normal. 17. is another term for nearsightedness. 18. In, the curvature of the eye is defective to produce blurred vision Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14/ 405

5 19. is a relatively common bacterial infection of the middle ear. 20. A ringing or buzzing sensation in the ears is known as. Short Answer Write the definition for each of the following terms. 21. Optometrist 22. Dacryocystorhinostomy 23. Hyperacusis 24. Otosclerosis 25. Mastoiditis Word Search Fill in the blank with the correct medical term from this chapter, then find the words in the word search puzzle that follows. 1. The presence of rocky particles in the apparatus is a condition known as. 2. The most common treatment for corneal damage is corneal. 3. is a procedure that evaluates the elasticity of the eardrum. 4. One who specializes in hearing disorders and treatment is called a(n). 5. A general term for disease of the retina is. 6. This term is derived from the Latin, meaning dizziness. 7. The condition of double vision is called. 8. The suffix -algia means condition of. 9. The abnormal appearance of white film on the pupil is called. 10. is another term for sty. 11. Abnormal discharge of the eye is known as. 12. The term refers to the gradual loss of hearing with advancing age. 406 Chapter 14/ 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

7 Worksheet 2 Dictation Report Write each numbered term as you hear it, spelling each term correctly. This exercise will help you learn to hear, comprehend, visualize, and spell the new medical terms accurately. The special senses are part of the nervous system that includes (1). There are four special senses: (2), smell, taste, and (3). Each eye contains photoreceptors and supportive structures. Hearing, also known as (4), is centered within the (5). Some diseases of the eye are inherited, whereas others may result from injury, infection, or old age. (6), commonly known as pinkeye, is a common and easily treatable infection. On the other hand, (7) can causes a loss of vision in the eye. More common vision disorders are (8), or nearsightedness; (9), or farsightedness; and (10), or reduction in vision due to age. The normal condition of the eye is called (11), which can be abbreviated to (12). Correcting vision disorders is usually attempted by the use of (13) following a vision examination by a(n) (14). Another medical professional, a(n) (15), is a physician who specializes in the study and treatment of diseases associated with the eyes. Two common symptoms of the ear and hearing are (16) and (17). These are common and can be treated. If they persist, it may result in a chronic disease of the inner ear known as (18). The general term for inflammation of the ear is (19). In 408 Chapter 14/ 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

8 one form of this disease, the middle ear is involved to cause local pain and temporary loss of hearing. Known as (20), it is relatively common among children. In some severe cases of permanent hearing loss, the inner ear is surgically removed in a process called (21). The procedure involving the measurement of hearing is usually performed by a(n) (22) and is called (23). It is important to have regular eye and hearing checkups to preserve these special senses in advanced age Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14/ 409

9 Worksheet 3 Word Surgery Read the Medical Word. Break down the medical word into its word parts, and give the meaning of each word part. Then give the definition of the medical word. 1. Blepharoptosis Definition: Combining form and definition: Suffix and definition: 2. Opthalmoscope Definition: Combining form and definition: Suffix and definition: 3. Otalgia Definition: Combining form and definition: Suffix and definition: 4. Myringotomy Definition: Combining form and definition: Suffix and definition: 5. Labyrinthitis Definition: Combining form and definition: Suffix and definition: 6. Audiologist Definition: Combining form and definition: Suffix and definition: 7. Dacrolithiasis Definition: Combining form and definition: Suffix and definition: 410 Chapter 14/ 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

11 Worksheet 4 Case Study Fill in the blank with the correct medical term from this chapter. Tonya is a 35-year-old who presented to her family practice doctor with a complaint of right ear pain for three days, which was increasing. The doctor visualizes her ear with an instrument. Tonya is diagnosed with an infection of the external ear. She is given appropriate medication and treatment plan. Before leaving she brought up another problem, which was occasional dizziness, ringing in her ear, and hearing loss. The doctor was concerned that this may be more than just Ménière s and referred Tonya to a specialist in the ear, nose, and throat. Before the appointment with this doctor, she was also referred to a specialist to check her hearing. When she saw the ear, nose, and throat specialist, he reviewed her history and also noted that she had a significant hearing loss in the right ear. After examining her, he was concerned that she may have an abnormality in her brain or the nerve supplying the ear. The doctor ordered an imaging test of the brain that uses magnetic fields to create sharp images of the brain. This test is called a magnetic resonance imaging test. Tonya was found to have a tumor of the acoustic nerve, which is called an acoustic neuroma. She was then referred to a specialist who operates on the nervous system. She arranged for removal of this benign tumor and with a successful operation recovered completely and had no further symptoms. What is the appropriate medical terminology for: 1. Infection of the external ear 2. Instrument to visualize the ear 3. Dizziness 4. Ringing in the ears 5. Ear, nose and throat specialist 6. Specialist who checks hearing acuity 412 Chapter 14/ 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

12 Worksheet 5 Medical Report Analysis Consider the following excerpt from a clinician s notes following completion of an EENT examination. For the highlighted terms or word parts, provide the meaning. Patient is a 2-year-old male presenting with increased fussiness and low-grade fever, and Mom indicates the child has been tugging at the right ear and was unable to sleep the previous night. Otoscopic (A) examination reveals inflammation of the tympanic membrane. Mom reports that this is the fourth episode of otitis media (B) in the past year. The patient is recommended for myringotomy (C) with tubes to evacuate fluid from behind the eardrum. A follow-up exam was scheduled with an audiologist (D) to conduct an audiogram (E) to determine if any hearing loss had resulted from the recurrent infections Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14/ 413

13 Worksheet 6 Which Term Does Not Belong? Circle the term that is not related to the other terms. Then explain why the term does not belong with the others. 1. Signs and symptoms a. blepharoptosis b. asthenopia c. sclera d. leukocoria e. opthalmalgia Why does it not belong? 2. Disorders related to vision and the eye a. blepharoplasty b. conjunctivitis c. dacrolithiasis d. diplopia e. opthalmoplegia Why does it not belong? 3. Disorders related to hearing and the ear a. hyperacusis b. mastoiditis c. myringotomy d. otalgia e. otosclerosis Why does it not belong? 4. Treatments and procedures a. audiometry b. blepharoptosis c. labrythectomy d. mastoidotomy e. myringoplasty Why does it not belong? 414 Chapter 14/ 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

16 Worksheet 8 Key Terms Double Check Remember that the chapter s key terms appeared alphabetically throughout this chapter. This exercise helps you to check your knowledge and review for tests. 1. First, fill in the missing word in the definitions for the chapter s key terms. 2. Then, check your answers using the answer key. 3. If you got the answer right, put a checkmark in the right column. 4. If your answer was incorrect, go back to the frame number provided and review the content. Use the checklist to study the terms you don t know until you re confident you know them all. Key Term Frame Definition Know It? 1. asthenopia 14.7 a symptom of eye, commonly called eyestrain 2. anacusis a condition of a(n) loss of hearing 3. audiologist one who specializes in disorders and treatment 4. audiometry a procedure that measures 5. blepharitis 14.9 inflammation of the 6. blepharoptosis 14.8 a(n) eyelid 7. cataract a condition in which the eye transparency is reduced 8. cataract extraction the surgical removal of a cataract and replacement with a(n) lens 9. conjunctivitis of the conjunctiva 10. corneal grafting the surgical removal of an injured and replacement with a donor cornea 11. dacryocystitis inflammation of the apparatus 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14/ 417

17 Key Term Frame Definition Know It? 12. dacryocystorhinostomy a procedure in which a channel is surgically created between the cavity and lacrimal sac to promote drainage 13. dacryolithiasis the presence of particles in the lacrimal apparatus 14. detached retina a condition that occurs when the retina tears away from the choroid layer of the 15. diplopia vision 16. glaucoma a loss of vision caused by an increase in the fluid within the anterior chamber of the eyeball 17. hordeolum a(n) of the meibomian gland that produces a local swelling of the eyelid; a sty 18. hyperacusis a condition of having abnormally hearing 19. iritis of the iris 20. keratitis inflammation of the 21. labyrinthectomy the surgical removal of the 22. LASIK the use of a laser to reshape the corneal tissue beneath the surface of the cornea to correct disorders 23. leukocoria a sign of disease that is an abnormal appearance of a(n) film in the pupil 24. macular degeneration a progressive of the macula lutea that leads to a loss of visual focus 25. mastoidectomy the surgical removal of part of the mastoid to treat severe mastoiditis 26. mastoiditis inflammation of the 27. mastoidotomy the procedure of mastoidectomy is preceded by making a(n) into the mastoid process 28. Ménière disease a chronic disease of the inner ear that causes and ringing in the ears 29. myringoplasty the surgical repair of the 30. myringotomy a(n) into the eardrum 418 Chapter 14/ 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

18 Key Term Frame Definition Know It? 31. ophthalmalgia a condition of of the eye 32. ophthalmologist a physician who specializes in the study and treatment of diseases of the 33. ophthalmomalacia a(n) of the eye 34. ophthalmoplegia a(n) of the eye 35. ophthalmorrhagia a(n) of the eye 36. optometrist a health professional trained to examine to correct vision problems and eye disorders 37. otalgia in the ear 38. otitis inflammation of the 39. otitis media a disease common among children, it is the inflammation of the ear that causes local pain and a temporary loss of hearing 40. otology the medical field of disorders and their treatment 41. otopathy a(n) of the ear 42. otorrhagia an abnormal ear 43. otorrhea a symptom of abnormal drainage of from the ear 44. otosclerosis an abnormal formation of within the ear 45. otoscope a handheld instrument used for performing a(n) examination of the ear 46. presbyacusis a gradual loss of hearing with advancing 47. retinopathy a(n) of the retina 48. tinnitus a symptom of or buzzing sensation in the ears 49. tympanometry a procedure to evaluate the of the eardrum by measuring its movement 50. tympanoplasty the surgical repair of the 51. vertigo a symptom of sensation of 52. vision disorders conditions of the eye that result in a(n) of vision 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14/ 419

19 Worksheet 9 Crossword Puzzle Directions: Fill in the crossword puzzle with the words missing from the sentences below. Match the number of the sentence to the boxes placed across or down the grid. If filled out correctly, the words will fit neatly into the puzzle ACROSS 2 The condition of double vision is called. 5 The medical field of ear disorders and their treatment is called. 6 An abnormal formation of bone within the ear, usually between the stapes and the oval window of the middle ear, is known as. 8 In the disease of the eye known as, a loss of vision occurs when the fluid pressure within the anterior chamber of the eyeball rises above normal. 9 A common symptom of an inflammation of an eyelid is called. DOWN 1 The most common treatment of corneal damage is corneal. 3 Each eye contains sensory receptors sensitive to light, called and supportive structures. 4 In the condition, the curvature of the eye is defective to produce blurred vision. 7 In the condition known as, transparency of the lens is reduced. 420 Chapter 14/ 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

21 Fill in the Blank 11. macular degeneration 12. otoscope 13. cataract 14. tympanoplasty 15. detached retina 16. glaucoma 17. Myopia 18. astigmatism 19. otitis media 20. tinnitus Short Answer 21. An optometrist is a health professional (not a physician) trained to examine eyes to correct vision problems and disorders. 22. A dacryocystorhinostomy is used to treat dacryocystitis. A channel is surgically created between the nasal cavity and lacrimal sac to promote drainage. 23. Hyperacusis literally means condition of excessive hearing. It refers to a symptom of abnormally sensitive hearing. 24. Otosclerosis is an abnormal formation of bone within the ear, usually between the stapes and the oval window of the middle ear. The disease causes progressive loss of hearing. 25. Mastoiditis literally means inflammation of the part resembling a breast. The mastoid process is an area of the temporal bone of the skull housing the middle and internal ear. Bacterial infections can travel here and cause mastoiditis. 422 Chapter 14/ 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

23 Worksheet 2 Answers Dictation Report Write each numbered term as you hear it, spelling each term correctly. This exercise will help you learn to hear, comprehend, visualize, and spell the new medical terms accurately. The special senses are part of the nervous system that includes (1) sensory receptors. There are four special senses: (2) sight, smell, taste, and (3) hearing. Each eye contains photoreceptors and supportive structures. Hearing, also known as (4) audition, is centered within the (5) ears. Some diseases of the eye are inherited, whereas others may result from injury, infection, or old age. (6) Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pinkeye, is a common and easily treatable infection. On the other hand, (7) glaucoma can cause a loss of vision in the eye. More common vision disorders are (8) myopia, or nearsightedness; (9) hyperopia, or farsightedness; and (10) presbyopia, or reduction in vision due to age. The normal condition of the eye is called (11) emmetropia, which can be abbreviated to (12) Em. Correcting vision disorders is usually attempted by the use of (13) corrective lenses following a vision examination by an (14) optometrist. Another medical professional, an (15) ophthalmologist, is a physician who specializes in the study and treatment of diseases associated with the eyes. Two common symptoms of the ear and hearing are (16) tinnitus and (17) vertigo. These are common and can be treated. If they persist, it may result in a chronic disease of the inner ear known as (18) Ménière disease. The general term for inflammation of the ear is (19) otitis. In one form of this disease, the middle ear is involved to cause local pain and temporary loss of hearing. Known as (20) otitis media, it is relatively common among children. In some severe cases of permanent hearing loss, the inner ear is surgically removed in a process called (21) labryrinthectomy. The procedure involving the measurement of hearing is usually performed by an (22) audiologist and is called (23) audiometry. It is important to have regular eye and hearing checkups to preserve these special senses in advanced age. 424 Chapter 14/ 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

28 Worksheet 6 Answers Which Term Does Not Belong? 1. C Sclera is the outer layer of the eyeball rather than a sign or symptom. 2. A Blepharoplasty is the surgical restructuring of the eyelid and is not a disorder related to the eye or to vision. 3. C Myringotomy is a surgical incision into the eardrum rather than a disease or condition related to the ears or hearing. 4. B Blepharoptosis is a condition of a drooping eyelid rather than a treatment or condition. 5. A Adenoma is a tumor in a gland and does not relate to any of the special senses Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 14/ 429

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