NEW YORK — Jon Corzine, former governor of New Jersey, could face a lawsuit from the trustee trying to recover $1.6 billion in customer money from the collapse of the brokerage MF Global.

James Giddens, the trustee overseeing the liquidation of the company, said in a bankruptcy court filing Monday that he may sue Corzine on allegations of breach of fiduciary duty and negligence.

Giddens said his investigation found that Corzine, who took over as MF Global chief executive in March 2010, led the company to trade in unsafe securities and take on far greater risk than comparable companies did.

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Corzine declined to comment through a spokesman.

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Corzine, a former US senator and chief executive of the investment bank Goldman Sachs, took the top job at MF Global after losing a bid for reelection as New Jersey governor in 2009.

He hoped to remake MF Global from a modest brokerage firm into a Wall Street powerhouse. But it filed for bankruptcy protection, crippled by disastrous bets on European debt, less than two years after Corzine became chief executive.

The bankruptcy was the eighth-largest in the United States and the largest on Wall Street since the 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers.

Giddens, in a 275-page report filed with the bankruptcy court, said MF Global’s business ‘‘dramatically changed’’ after Corzine took over and began trading European debt securities under Corzine’s ‘‘personal direction.’’

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It was a very risky bet, and it turned out to be a bad one. European countries were teetering under massive debt loads, and some ultimately had to be saved by bailouts. The value of the securities fell dramatically.

About $1.6 billion was found to be missing from client accounts when the company failed. Much of the missing money belonged to farmers, ranchers, and other business owners who used MF Global to reduce their risks from fluctuating prices of commodities such as corn and wheat. The FBI and federal regulators are investigating.

Corzine has told Congress he did not know customer money was missing until the day before MF Global collapsed.

However, Giddens said in his report that top management was partly responsible for the disappearance of customer money.

Giddens said he might also sue former MF Global chief financial officer Henri Steenkamp and former assistant treasurer Edith O’Brien, among others.

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The trustee also threatened to sue JPMorgan Chase if he does not reach an agreement in his discussions to retrieve money that was transferred to the bank from MF Global. JPMorgan held MF Global funds in several accounts and also processed the firm’s securities trades.

Giddens said MF Global’s business ‘dramatically changed’ after Corzine took over.

The bank has returned $608 million to the firm since the filing. JPMorgan declined to comment on the report.