Parkhomenko and team created 16 virtual reality models from CT and MRI scans using 3D slicer software. These models were viewed on an Oculus Rift head-mounted display connected to a VR ready laptop and a Leap Motion controller. Within, the Oculus Rift display, users were able to manipulate the models (zoom, rotate, move object) using hand motions detected by the Leap Motion sensor or with the physical Oculus Rift controllers.

For this study, three expert surgeons evaluated their preoperative anatomical understanding using CT alone and using CT with the virtual reality models in the same patient. Additionally, both surgeons and patients evaluated their experience with the iVR technology using a 1 to 5 Likert scale.

Following analysis, they found that the virtual reality models improved understanding and comfort level regarding the surgery in both patients and surgeons. Specifically, surgeons strongly agreed that the models helped to significantly improve understanding of the size and shape of the renal mass, the anatomy, and the surgical approach. Interestingly, the surgical approach was altered in 56% of the cases after viewing the virtual reality model.