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Understand the best use and design alternatives for tables and graphs Understand principles of good graphing Understand the powers and pitfalls of maps Explore how computer technologies are applied to display data in innovative and powerful ways 3

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Evaluating how well-behaved the data is What is the distribution of the data? How homogenous is the data? Does the data fit expected values? Are there extremes (outliers)? Are there impossible values? Submersive, graphical, ad hoc approach 5

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Written and Oral Articles, books, papers, talks, interviews, etc. Archival Viewed more frequently by more people Relatively permanent records Displays should be constructed more thoughtfully and thoroughly 6

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Table: organized lists, arrays, or matrices of data Only minimum use of spatiality Good choice to show data precisely and in detail Round adequately Two depictions: Distribution Tables Descriptive Index Tables 9

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Graph: pictorial representation of data Effective for communicating general rather than precise patterns (especially useful with large datasets) Three Dictums: 1. Clearly and sufficiently label the graph and its parts 2. Avoid uninformative and content-free marks 3. Fill the graph space with data marks 11

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Relationship Graphs: depict the form and strength of relationship between pairs of variables Types: Scatterplotplot of X,Y intersection of two variables Ternary diagramrelationship among three variables Small multiplesrepeating graph showing change over time Simulated 3Dgraphing data in three dimensions 13

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Any flat rendering of the earths surface will result in distortion Projections are different methods to flatten the earth while minimizing distortion Examples: Mercator, Sinusoidal (hundreds more) Selectivity is required; one projection will not minimize distortion for the entire surface 15

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When does it make most sense to use tables to display data? What are some principles of good graphing and specific design guidelines that derive from them? Selectivity, projection, generalization, and varying symbol abstractness are always involved in mapping. Why are they always involved and why are them potentially misleading to map viewers? 20