1 James's mother, Mary Queen of Scots, was removed from the throne and sent into exile when James was one year old. She fled to England but was put in prison there. After 19 years in prison, she was executed by order of Queen Elizabeth I of England.2 Baby James succeeded his mother as ruler of Scotland and was crowned King James VI of Scotland in 1567, at the age of 13 months.3 While he was a child, rulers known as regents ran the country for him, and James was raised by tutors. They taught him everything a king needed to know, especially languages. James learned Greek, Latin, French, English, Scots, and more. Later, he would be able to consult with kings and queens of many countries in their own language.4 When James reached the age of 19, he began to rule the country himself. He faced many challenges, including assassination attempts by his rivals.