Anwar Sadat

Profession: President of Egypt and Nobel LaureateWhy Famous:Served as Gamal Abdel Nasser's Vice President but quickly changed Egypt's trajectory on becoming President by re-instituting a multi-party system, the Infitah economic policy, and fighting then negotiating with Israel.

Sadat led Egypt in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 to regain the Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had occupied since the Six-Day War of 1967. This made him a hero in Egypt and the wider Arab World.

After the war he engaged in negotiations with Israel and the United States that culminated in the Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty. Popular in Egypt but unpopular in the Arab world the treaty saw Egypt regain the Sinai Peninsula and its suspension from the Arab League.

The peace treaty led to Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin winning the Nobel Peace Prize, making Sadat the first Muslim Nobel laureate. Sadly it also led to the his Assassination in 1981.