THE NEW YORKER whether you are using the steam or let- ting it escape. On this thing, whenever you cut off the motors, you know you . II " are not uSIng any power at a . He went on to tell me how power comes to the engine. Between New York and Washington there are sev- en power stations. None of these are owned by the railroad. They are owned by private power companies, which meter the juice out to the four wires which are swung above the four tracks of the line. The power enters the wires at 132,- 000 volts. Every ten miles or so along the road there are transformer stations which step the power down to 12,000 volts. On the engines themselves there are other transformers which again step the power down to a much lesser volt- age-96 to 1408, depending upon the load and speed requirements; all auto- matically, with no control from the en- gineer. From the transformers, the juice goes into the twelve motors, each of which can turn up 385 horsepower, a total of 4,620 horsepower for the whole engine. The engine I was riding cost $260,- 000, and the Pennsylvania has fifty- seven others just like it. It also has twenty-eight engines of a somewhat smaller "type, and a large number of unstreamlined electric freight locomo- tives. I asked Mr. Gibson about the com- parative economy of steam and elec- tricity, and he had this to say: "In the first place, we get speeds we never could get with steam-higher running speeds, and above all quick starting, quick pickup out of stations. It takes heavier rail to stand the beat- ing. The rail we are running on now weighs one hundred and fifty-two pounds to the yard. A lot of roads in America are still using eighty-pound and ninety-pound rail, but with our heavy traffic the cost distributes itself very quickly. "In the second place, we can use these babies constantly. A steam engine -you have to pull it in every eight hours, and draw the fires, and inspect the metals for heat effect. We can run one of these a week on a stretch with- out ever doing more than the routine check-over at the end of a run. The upkeep on them is far less. We don't have to maintain turntables to head them about in the right direction." He could not give me a direct per- mIle comparison between the operation of steam and electricity, because in the steam days the railroad never bothered to keep accurate cost statistics, but it was i , :r , ; > r . i , : , ";:: ' ' ' ' ; ' . 4c:' . f .;. '.. .... . "t:" " . ..;. ;i:flJf'::':' "" " : " ,, , ' , :;" ' , ::: ,, : , , : : : , r , :: ,-, . " , : , ' , '. , ' , : , :.M.. , ;' -;;L. u' ,' , ' ,','..:". , . '- , ",. ,." ",': : , t " >. " '"'4\ '>> -=-'" , , - ",, :: ;.\%i ;. : ::; i; ; :: ;:, ,;M ::; \ , ':';; 1:,',::::ti' " , , ' , ..... '" Æ' "<"$.f1; Ä . ....... · .. ,. . <U"'4 . '" "'. " . ì mm . ,"" '-1 ; . j' , , 0 , i: , : , , : ' , ' ,.:, r1 ,, ' ,, : , :': :, ' ,. y , ' ,v, ' :, I ,:": ' ,. ; ,, ; , ' , . : : ,, : , : " i , ", . : : :" :' : ', : ::: ' , ' :, ' , : : ' , ' ::::. · ..;.... .. 2 : !7 ,... p.r;ß " ) .' . , :, , \' , , , " /' ! ...;.....:..: , ' / ,::;;f' '::';::v "'/ i!(l ( \ < ' \. IJ#.-. I ' :,' ,<,: " " l ß !1 - '. . tj..1 'ç;' <-to "" ,\ " '; "" ' ',, 7. ' ,.. I q ' ( ii :t \ r.,' . . \ \ ',J.: ';:' ,', >, ' \ 'x.'--. . I t J ' ..." '. "< \ .. THAT WAS -:;;J/ - ,-.\ 1 '1 ......:-.. '.; ::.:...:t::v. .:.. FOR CHRONIC AILMENTS...OR FOR A "RESTORATION CURE" At historic Saratoga Springs, America's first real Spa has just been completed. Here amid geysers of rare health-giving mineral waters is this magnificent $8,500,000 development, dedicated to health and healthful recreation Now, the centuries-old continental type "cures" are available - in America. Chronic ailments, such as heart conditions, high blood pressure, digestive dis- orders, obesity, arthritis and other rheumatoid distress, are treated by world-recognized methods. But you don't need be sick to appreciate the new Spa. Come for a "restoration cure," - regain mental and physical vigor reminiscent of your youth. Send for illustrated booklet and rates. Address: Director, Saratoga Spa, 630 Saratoga Springs, N. Y. JIlJE I!1I Amjl @æl-Ál IPÁl OWNED AND OPERATED BY * THE STATE OF NEW YORK 39 :-:."' ::':":,.. Not in recent years have you been able to travel so eco- nomically. And never before could you partake of the health and social benefits of a Spa "cure" at such moderate cost. Representative railroad rates including Pullman accommo- dations from principal cities to Saratoga Springs are as foHows: Baltimore Boston . . . Buffalo Chicago Cleveland Detroit Los Angeles New York . Philadelphia St. Louis . . Washington . . . . . $13.00 8.75 . . . .. 13.00 . . . 31.20 18.55 . . . 22.15 . 113.25 . .. 6.40 . .. 9.60 . . . 38.25 . . . 14.45 Why not put a Spa "cure" at the head of your travel list? \:.:# - -, , m " , , .; ,rrWewGuld never stop .;;; , . anywkre but at The Gideon Putnam" -'- ) " VOGUE ' ./ ",When VDU ' Curenat 5arataga...5tav at Ih-e Ii IDE'O I,P ITI A hi PRIVATELY , OPERATED, E'-'C SWEENÿ, Lessee One of the most enjoyable features of Saratoga is a stay at The Gideon Putnam. The çharm, of a fine home, complete in detail and service - your home at the Spa.... Booldet and rates upon request. Address Robert Scoville, ,Mgr., The Gideon Putnam, Saratoga Springs, N..Y. At the SPA in Beautiful Geyser Park