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Bringing cutting-edge science into the classroom and beyond

Jemima Hodkinson looks at Jenner, vaccines and Blossom the cow

In the library of St George’s, University of London, a large brown and white cowhide is proudly displayed inside a glass case. The hide belonged to Blossom – a rare-breed Gloucester cow who played an important part in the history of medicine.

Jenner was born in 1749 in a village in Gloucestershire, where his father worked as the local vicar. He started his medical training at the age of 14 when he became the apprentice of a local surgeon, then moved to London to complete his education at St George’s. In 1772, he returned to his home town to work as a country doctor.

Over the next few weeks, the rash develops into pus-filled sores which crust over and form scabs. When the scabs fall off, they leave deep scars behind. An infected person is contagious from the day the rash appears until the last scab falls off, which is usually about three weeks. During the 18th and 19th centuries as many as 98 per cent of children who caught the disease died from it; those who survived suffered from disfiguring scars, and up to a third became blind.

Although there was no way of treating smallpox once the infection had taken hold, 18th-century doctors did attempt to protect individuals from infection. The most common method they used was called variolation. This involved taking material from a fresh human smallpox sore and inserting it under the skin of an uninfected person. The hope was that the person would go on to develop a less serious form of smallpox disease, then once fully recovered would have lasting immunity.

However, many people treated this way developed serious, life-threatening smallpox infections that could then be easily passed on to other people. The crude method of variolation also carried a risk of transferring other blood-borne infections such as syphilis. Although many doctors were concerned about these risks, by the mid-18th century thousands of children were variolated each year – including an eight-year-old Edward Jenner. Luckily, he survived the procedure.

Song of Solomon 2:1-3
New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures-With References
1 “A mere saffron
of the coastal plain
I am, a lily of the low plains.”
2 “Like a lily among thorny weeds, so is my girl companion among the daughters.” 3 “Like an apple tree among the trees of the forest, so is my dear one among the sons. His shade I have passionately desired, and there I have sat down, and his fruit has been sweet to my palate
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[Additional Translations:]

***IT IS ILLEGAL FOR MORMON COMPUTER GREMLINS TO DELETE SPACE BETWEEN PARAGRAPHS.***
Zulily
: Zoo Lily; zoo: wildlife
***
IT IS ILLEGAL FOR MORMON COMPUTER GREMLINS TO DELETE SPACE BETWEEN PARAGRAPHS.***
October 13, 2017. About Me.
I cannot post picture I took of today’s edition of The New York Times that I took on my phone camera when I went to State Street Deli earlier this morning, because, Mormon computer gremlins are illegally preventing me from accessing, at Google Photos, the pictures I took today on my Google phone camera. I purchased the paper however I cannot post any of the pages, because of that same reason, because Mormon computer gremlins are preventing me from accessing my pictures. But maybe I can snip and post the front page from Newseum.org, and while I do so, perhaps you can, if you haven’t already, consider supporting freedom of the press by subscribing to the New York Daily News or The New York Times, Newsday, even The New York Post, or whatever your local newspaper for those of you non-New Yorkers; and also, wherever you live, here in the U.S. or any other nation: CPR.org and Newseum.org, and consider supporting freedom of speech by contributing to God’s visible organization, JW.org. An Epidemic in the Bronx

Funding for this project is made possible by:

The StatsRRTC is funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Community Living, NIDILRR – Rehabilitation Research and Training Centers (RRTCs) Program under grant number 90RT5022-02-00, from 2013 - 2018.