Front Text: The community of Olmsted commemorated its bicentennial in 2014. In 1795, the Connecticut Land Company auctioned a tract of land called Township 6, Range 15. Almost half the northern side was purchased by Aaron Olmsted, though he would die before seeing the land. In 1814, James Geer cleared a plot in the southeastern corner of the township to grow corn. He built a log house and moved his family there. Originally called Kingston, the township was renamed Lenox in 1823. In 1829, the settlement became Olmsted; in return, Aaron Olmsted's son Charles donated 500 books for the creation of a community library. Back Text: Agriculture dominated early township life. In the early 20th century, the township became part of what was described as "the largest greenhouse area in the country," growing mainly tomatoes and then flowers. Later, residential development took over much farmland. Certain road names commemorate early township residents, including Bronson, Cook, Fitch, Jennings, John, Lewis, Schady, Sprague, Stearns, and Usher. By the 21st century, Olmsted remained one of only two townships in Cuyahoga County, although parts have been incorporated into Olmsted Falls, North Olmsted, Berea, and Brook Park. The community still has many houses dating to the 19th century, some as far back as 1820.

Front Text: None- this marker was created in conjunction with the NASA Glenn Research Center historical marker and shares the same sequence number. This marker lets visitors to the Glenn Research Center know that they are entering the historical district of the campus. Back Text:

Address: 21000 Brookpark Road, ClevelandLocation: NASA Glenn Research Center (NOTE: This area is restricted and visitors will only be able to see the marker on a Saturday Facility Tour or Lewis Field Historic District Tour)

Front Text: In 1915, Congress formed the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) to coordinate aircraft research in the United States. The NACA built three research laboratories: Langley Aeronautical Laboratory, Ames Aeronautical Laboratory, and the Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory (AERL), now the Glenn Research Center. Construction for AERL's Cleveland, Ohio location began in 1941 in a field next to the Cleveland Municipal Airport used for parking during the National Air Races of the 1930s. The research campus' roads followed the semi-circular pattern of the air races' parking roads. Operations began in 1942 with Edward Sharp as the first director. In 1948, AERL was renamed the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory in honor of George Lewis, NACA's Director of Aeronautical Research for over twenty years. Back Text: With the advent of the Space Age in 1957 after the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik I, the National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics (NACA) began to conduct space research. In July, President Eisenhower signed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Act, creating the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). In October 1958, the NACA was incorporated in the newly founded NASA and the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory was renamed the NASA Lewis Research Center. In 1999, the Center was renamed again as the John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field to honor the first American to orbit the Earth. Established in 2016, the Lewis Historic District's period of significance is 1941-1972, during which it contributed to the success of the Apollo program, which placed U.S. astronauts on the moon.

Address: 21000 Brookpark Road, ClevelandLocation: NASA Glenn Research Center (NOTE: This area is restricted and visitors will only be able to see the marker on a Saturday Facility Tour or Lewis Field Historic District Tour)

Front Text: On May 28, 1961, the Kol Israel Foundation, a Cleveland organization of Holocaust survivors, dedicated this monument in remembrance of the attempted genocide against the Jewish people by Nazi Germany during World War II. The monument is believed to be one of the first of its kind in the United States. Human remains, ashes and artifacts reclaimed from three concentration camps are buried beneath the monument. (Continued on other side) Back Text: (Continued from other side) On surrounding walls, one can read the names of family members lost in the Holocaust and thereafter who otherwise may not have a fitting grave. Other inscriptions relating to significant historical events also appear. The monument is the site of an annual commemoration ceremony between the Jewish High Holidays of Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur to recall the Holocaust and departed victims. As required by Jewish tradition, graves are to be visited by mourners between the High Holidays to say Kaddish, the prayer for the dead.

Front Text: This nation’s landmark case on the U.S. Constitution’s Fourth Amendment prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures began in Cuyahoga County. In 1967, for the first time in history, African-Americans both argued and heard a case at the U.S. Supreme Court. Defense attorney Louis Stokes and assistant prosecutor Reuben Payne debated limits on police searches before the first African-American Supreme Court Justice, Thurgood Marshall. The Supreme Court held that Officer Martin McFadden’s frisk and seizure of guns from suspects on Euclid Avenue about to rob a jewelry store was constitutional. They upheld Cuyahoga County Appellate Court Judges Joseph Silbert, Joseph Artl, and J.J.P. Corrigan and adopted the rule trial Judge Bernard Friedman issued: Police may search for weapons if they have a reasonable suspicion that a suspect is armed and dangerous. Back Text: Same

Front Text: The Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry was the first Ohio regiment mustered for three years’ service in the Civil War, and also the first Ohio regiment in which the field officers were appointed by the governor of Ohio. Known as the “Regiment of Presidents,” the 23rd OVI had among its ranks several future politicians, including two future presidents: Commissary Sergeant William McKinley and Lieutenant Colonel Rutherford B. Hayes. The 23rd OVI suffered its greatest losses in the 1862 Antietam Campaign in the battles of South Mountain on September 14 and Antietam on September 17. While a large number of its wounded members, including Lieutenant Colonel Hayes, were lying in hospitals near the battlefields, the convalescing soldiers resolved to erect a regimental monument to the dead, and a subscription was started. (Continued on other side) Back Text: (Continued from other side) The city donated a plot at Woodland Cemetery, and Myers, Uhl & Co. was contracted to build the monument for five hundred dollars. At the close of the war, the regiment had raised all the funds necessary for the monument within its own membership. The monument was dedicated in a ceremony on July 29, 1865, when the regiment arrived at Cleveland after being mustered out at Cumberland, Maryland. The monument is a twenty-two-foot obelisk made of Italian marble with the national flag sculpted around its apex, and its five-foot-tall pedestal features the names of the regiment’s dead.