In 1918, the Spanish-influenza pandemic—spawned by another zoonotic virus transmitted from an animal to humans, in that case a bird—worked its way through Woodrow Wilson’s White House. His daughter Margaret caught it. So did the President’s secretary, senior staff, members of his Secret Service detail, and the White House sheep. “Two sheep belonging to the aristocratic flock that frolics on the White House grounds are indisposed and under the care of an expert of the department of Agriculture,” the Washington Post reported, on January 27, 1919. “They are in an animal hospital and are said to have influenza symptoms.” The flu caught up with Wilson in April, 1919, when he was in Paris for peace talks to formally end the First World War. His fever rose to a hundred and three degrees; he had difficulty breathing, uncontrollable coughing, and wild hallucinations. Wilson’s illness, his physician Cary Grayson wrote, “was one of the worst through which I have ever passed. I was able to control the spasms of coughing but his condition looked very serious.” Wilson, his daughter, his staffers, and the White House sheep all made it through.

The peace talks to end the Great War nearly unravelled. As did life in Washington, which reported almost thirty-four thousand cases in just four months, between October, 1918, and January, 1919. Almost three thousand died. Schools, churches, libraries, playgrounds, the courts, universities, theatres, and public events across the nation’s capital were closed. Funerals were banned. Businesses were ordered to operate on a staggered schedule. By the time the influenza ebbed, the death toll in the United States was six hundred and seventy-five thousand.

A century later, microbes from the novel coronavirus are again not discriminating on the basis of power or politics. The White House announced on Saturday that President Trump’s test for the coronavirus was negative. Yet, from Brasília to Paris, Tehran to Ulaanbaatar, government officials on six continents—cabinet ministers, lawmakers, military leaders, senior policymakers, and health officials—have been infected with numbing speed by the virus. Dozens have gone into quarantine. “It’s reasonable to expect disruptions in public services and government that we haven’t even envisioned yet,” Lindsay Wiley, a public-health-law and ethics expert at American University, told me.

In Italy, which has the highest number of cases after China, Nicola Zingaretti, head of the Democratic Party and a co-partner in the coalition government, announced on Twitter that he was infected. On Tuesday, the medical chief of the Italian province of Varese, Roberto Stella, died of COVID-19. The President of the European Parliament, David Sassoli, opted to self-quarantine after he returned from Italy. In France, President Emmanuel Macron cut back face-to-face meetings after his Minister of Culture, Franck Riester, fell ill with the disease; five French members of parliament have also been diagnosed with the coronavirus. In Spain, the lower house of parliament suspended all activities on Tuesday when Javier Ortega Smith, the secretary-general of the far-right Vox Party, tested positive; he had attended a party rally in Madrid with many fellow-legislators. Photographs captured Ortega greeting dozens of supporters with handshakes, hugs, and kisses. Vox apologized and mandated that its fifty-three members of parliament self-quarantine for two weeks.

Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau opted to self-quarantine—and telework—after his wife, Sophie Grégoire Trudeau, tested positive for COVID-19, on Wednesday, after returning from London. The British junior health minister, Nadine Dorries, tested positive shortly after she met with Prime Minister Boris Johnson. Her office posted a sign on the door: “COVID-19 DO NOT ENTER.” On Twitter, she described the illness as “pretty rubbish.” In Poland, General Jarosław Mika went into isolation on Tuesday, after he came down with the coronavirus. He had just returned from a military conference in Germany, which the Pentagon subsequently said was also attended by Lieutenant General Christopher Cavoli, the commander of U.S. Army forces in Europe, and several staff members.

In Iran, one of the four early hot spots, two vice-presidents, three cabinet officials, nine per cent of the members of parliament, the director of emergency medical services, the chief of the crisis-management organization, senior Revolutionary Guard officers, and prominent clerics are on a long list of officials infected. Ali Akbar Velayati, a doctor trained at Johns Hopkins University and a senior adviser to the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, went into quarantine on Thursday. Another senior adviser died the previous week. Velayati, who served as the Foreign Minister for sixteen years, was infected while working with medical staff on ways to contain the disease.

After the first case in Turkey was announced, on Wednesday, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan told lawmakers, “No virus is stronger than our measures.” But he was followed around by an aide with a thermal camera to scan people who came close to him for fevers. The Mongolian President, Khaltmaagiin Battulga, went into precautionary quarantine after returning from a one-day trip to China, the epicenter of COVID-19. The Australian Home Affairs Minister, Peter Dutton, was admitted to a hospital in Queensland on Friday, after he tested positive. Dutton recently returned from meetings in Washington with, among others, Attorney General William Barr and Trump’s daughter and adviser Ivanka Trump. Dutton was part of a cabinet discussion on Tuesday about the Australian government’s stimulus package.

President Trump’s health became a major issue when Fabio Wajngarten, the press secretary for the Brazilian President, Jair Bolsonaro, came down with COVID-19 this week. On March 7th, Trump stood shoulder to shoulder with Wajngarten and Bolsonaro when they visited Mar-a-Lago. Wajngarten dropped in on a birthday party for Kimberly Guilfoyle, the girlfriend of Donald Trump, Jr., which President Trump also attended. On Friday night, the Brazilian Embassy tweeted that Brazil’s acting Ambassador in Washington, Nestor Forster, who sat at Trump’s table on Saturday, at Mar-a-Lago, had also tested positive for the coronavirus.

Trump’s reluctance to take action regarding his own health was in contrast to Senator Rick Scott, the Florida Republican, who opted to go into isolation because he met with Bolsonaro and his delegation on Monday, in Miami. “The health and safety of the American people is my focus, and I have made the decision to self-quarantine in an abundance of caution,” he said, on Thursday. So did South Carolina Senator Lindsey Graham, who was also at Mar-a-Lago.

Two Republican congressmen—Doug Collins, of Georgia, and Matt Gaetz, of Florida—and Senator Ted Cruz, of Texas, went into self-quarantine last week after being exposed to an unidentified person infected with the virus at the Conservative Political Action Conference, in Maryland, this month. Gaetz had made headlines for spoofing the threat of COVID-19 when he tweeted a picture of himself in a gas mask, used to protect against chemical warfare, before flying on Air Force One with the President. Trump spoke at the same conference. In all, five Republican lawmakers and two Democrats have self-quarantined because of exposure to people who have tested positive.

The risk of serious illness and death from the coronavirus increases with age, especially for seniors over sixty, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has warned. In Washington, many top officials qualify as senior citizens, beginning with President Trump, who turns seventy-four in June. Vice-President Mike Pence is sixty. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, the Kentucky Republican, is seventy-eight. On Tuesday, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, the California Democrat, told fellow-lawmakers, “We are the captains of the ship. We are the last to leave.” Pelosi turns eighty on March 26th. Anthony Fauci, the head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, at the National Institutes of Health, is seventy-nine.

“An awful lot of leaders around the world are in that age group,” Dr. Howard Markel, director of the Center for the History of Medicine at the University of Michigan and an expert on the 1918 flu pandemic, told me. “When you have a government made up of senior citizens who work in close quarters, like Congress or the House of Commons in Britain, on top of political duties where they meet a lot of people, shake hands, and kiss babies—these are all activities considered at high risk for the spread of a respiratory virus. These are professions that don’t practice social distancing.” (President Wilson was sixty-three when he caught the Spanish flu.)

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COVID-19 introduces a risk factor for governance around the globe. Both the mechanics and process of governance can be hindered if government officials are sick, not at full strength, or not on the job. “We like to imbue our leaders with magical powers, but these microbes are very democratic,” Markel said. “Anyone over sixty will tell you they can’t think as fast or have the stamina they once did. Anyone over the age of seventy should not be taking on jobs of this magnitude.”

Local and state governments have been impacted, too. On Saturday night, the governor of New York, Andrew Cuomo, announced that two members of the State Assembly—Helene Weinstein and Charles Barron—were infected with COVID-19. Weinstein is sixty-seven, and Barron is sixty-nine. Both Georgia and Louisiana delayed their primaries, which were supposed to take place this week. On Friday, the mayor of Miami, Francis Suarez, tested positive; he had met twice with Wajngarten on Monday.

The risks of disrupting government do not lie just at the top. Government services that impact daily life—from basic policing to emergency services to housing inspections and social services—may also take a hit. Twelve of the firefighters and police who responded to the LifeCare facility in Kirkland, Washington—an epicenter of the outbreak on the West Coast—were quarantined after experiencing flulike symptoms. Fire Station 21 was taken offline and turned into an isolation center for exposed first responders. “The demands on the attention and resources of government greatly increase in this kind of crisis,” Wiley said. “The current COVID pandemic seems poised to play out over a longer period of time, so more routine needs may be affected.”

A century ago, the Spanish-flu pandemic became the deadliest in human history. About a third of the world population was infected. The flu hit political leaders across the globe: Britain’s King George V and Prime Minister David Lloyd George, Spain’s King Alfonso XIII along with his Prime Minister and several members of his cabinet, Germany’s Kaiser Wilhelm II, and Ethiopia’s Emperor Haile Selassie I. They survived, but estimates of the final death toll worldwide ranged from twenty million to fifty million. The COVID-19 death toll may not approach those numbers, given that the mortality rate in China, where the outbreak began, is now decreasing. The current global death toll is about five thousand eight hundred. But, as the world sinks into the COVID-19 pandemic, the Spanish flu is a sobering reminder—and a call to take the preventive steps that medical science has identified over the past century—that more people died from the Spanish flu than in the First World War.