The Iraq Papers

Description

No foreign policy decision in recent history has had greater repercussions than President George W. Bush's decision to invade and occupy Iraq. It launched a new doctrine of preemptive war, mired the American military in an intractable armed conflict, disrupted world petroleum supplies, cost the United States hundreds of billions of dollars, and damaged or ended the lives of hundreds of thousands of Americans and Iraqis. Its impact on international politics and America's standing in the world remains incalculable.

The Iraq Papers offers a compelling documentary narrative and interpretation of this momentous conflict. With keen editing and incisive commentary, the book weaves together original documents that range from presidential addresses to redacted
memos, carrying us from the ideology behind the invasion to negotiations for withdrawal. These papers trace the rise of the neoconservatives and reveal the role of strategic thinking about oil supplies. In moving to the planning for the war itself, the authors not only provide Congressional resolutions and speeches by President Bush, but internal security papers, Pentagon planning documents, the report of the Future of Iraq Project, and eloquent opposition statements by Senator Robert Byrd, other world governments, the Non-Aligned Movement, and the World Council of Churches. This collection addresses every aspect of the conflict, from the military's evolving counterinsurgency strategy to declarations by Iraqi resisters and political figures-from Coalition Provisional Authority orders to
Donald Rumsfeld's dismissal of the insurgents as "dead-enders" and Iraqi discussions of state- and nationbuilding under the shadow of occupation. The economics of petroleum, the legal and ethical questions surrounding terrorism and torture, international agreements, the theory of the "unitary presidency," and the Bush administration's use of presidential signing statements all receive in-depth coverage.

The Iraq War has reshaped the domestic and international landscape. The Iraq Papers offers the authoritative one-volume source for understanding the conflict and its many repercussions.

2. Organizing for Preemptive War: Iraq and the Presidency of George W. Bush2.1 George W. Bush, Address to the Nation, September 11, 2001 (excerpt) 2.2 George W. Bush, State of the Union Address, January 29, 2002 (excerpt)2.3 Charles Krauthammer, "The Axis of Petulance," 2.4 Condoleezza Rice, Remarks on Terrorism and Foreign Policy, Johns Hopkins University, April 29, 2002 (excerpt) 2.5 George W. Bush, Graduation Speech at WestPoint, June 1, 2002 (excerpt) 2.6 The Downing Street Memo, July 23, 2002 (excerpt) 2.7 Brent Scowcroft, "Don't Attack Saddam," 2.8 James A. Baker, "The Right Way to Change a Regime," 2.9 Dick Cheney, Speech at Veterans of Foreign Wars 103rd National Convention, Nashville, Tennessee, August 26, 2002 (excerpt) 2.10 Condoleezza Rice and George W. Bush, "The National Security Strategy of the United States of America," September 2002 (excerpt) 2.11 George W. Bush, Speech Outlining Iraqi Threat, Cincinnati, Ohio, October 7, 2002 2.12 Joint Congressional Resolution to Authorize the Use of United States Armed Forces against Iraq, October 16, 2002 (excerpt)2.13 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441, November 8, 2002 (excerpt) 2.14 Colin Powell,Address to the United Nations Security Council, February 6, 2003 (excerpt)2.15 Robert C. Byrd, "We Stand Passively Mute," Remarks to the Senate, February 12, 20032.16 Hans Blix, Briefing to the UN Security Council, March 7, 2003 2.17 George W. Bush, Ultimatum to Iraq, March 17, 2003 2.18 George W. Bush, Announcement of the start of "Operation Iraqi Freedom," March 19, 2003

3. International Reaction to the War 3.1 European Parliament, Resolution on the Situation in Iraq, January 30, 20033.2 The Letter of Eight, "Europe and America Must Stand United," January 30, 2003 3.3 The Vilnius Statement, February 6, 20033.4 Security Council Press Release SC/7666, "Security Council Hears Over 60 Speakers in Two-day Debate on Iraq'sDisarmament: Many Say Use of Force Should Be Last Resort, Others Urge Swift Action," February 19, 2003 (excerpt) 3.5 World Council of Churches, "Statement against Military Action in Iraq," February 21, 2003 (excerpt) 3.6 Statement of the Non-aligned Movement on the Situation in Iraq, February 25, 2003 3.7 Leaked Memo from National Security Agency Official Asking for Cooperation in Surveillance of UN Delegates, March 2, 2003 (excerpt) 3.8 Declaration of Russia, Germany, and France on War with Iraq, March 5, 2003 3.9 Spain, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and United States of America: Draft Resolution to Security Council, March 7, 20033.10 UN News Centre, "New York-Press Encounter with the Secretary-General at the Security CouncilStakeout," March 17, 2003 (excerpt) 3.11 Tony Blair, Statement before Parliament, March 18, 2003 (excerpt) 3.12 Dominique de Villepin, Address before the United Nations Security Council, March 19, 2003 (excerpt) 3.13 Joschka Fischer, Statement on the Situation between Iraq and Kuwait, Public Meeting of the Security Council, March 19, 2003 (excerpt)3.14 Foreign Ministry of China, Statement on War with Iraq, March 20, 20033.15 Call by International NGOs for Invoking Uniting for Peace Resolution/2003-03-15/P/RE/18121c-is, Vienna, March 27, 2003 3.16 Vladimir Putin, Press Statement on Iraq, April 3, 2003 (excerpt)3.17 Australian Broadcasting Company, "The World Today-Kofi Annan Declares US Invasion of Iraq Illegal," September 16, 2004 (excerpt)

4.Liberators or Occupiers? The Coalition Provisional Authority4.1 Article 43 of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 4.2 Article 55 of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 4.3 Douglas J. Feith, Statement to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, February 11, 2003 (excerpt) 4.4 George W. Bush, Announcement That Major Combat Operations in Iraq Have Ended, May 1, 2003 (excerpt) 4.5 Security Council Resolution 1483, May 22, 2003 (excerpt) 4.6 Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 1, May 16, 2003 4.7 Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2, May 23, 2003 4.8 "Rumsfeld Blames Iraq Problems on 'Pockets of Dead-enders,'" 4.9 Coalition Provisional Authority Regulation Number 6, July 13, 20034.10 L. Paul Bremer, "Iraq'sPath to Sovereignty," 4.11 Agreement on Political Process, November 15, 20034.12 Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 12, June 8, 2003 4.13 Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 39, December 20, 2003 (excerpt) 4.14 Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 46, December 20, 2003 4.15 Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period, March 8, 2004 (excerpt)4.16 Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 17, June 27, 2004 (excerpt) 4.17 Scott McClellan, Reading of Texts of Letters on Iraq Sovereignty, June 28, 2004 (excerpt)

PART II: CONSEQUENCES OF A PREEMPTIVE WAR6. Democracy from Above or Below?U.S. Plans for Regime Change6.1 Future of Iraq Project: Democratic Principles and Procedures Working Group, Final Report on the Transition to Democracy in Iraq, November 2002 (excerpt) 6.2 Treasury Department and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), Moving the Iraqi Economy from Recovery to Sustainable Growth, May 2003 (excerpt) 6.3 Condoleezza Rice, Opening Remarks before theSenate Foreign Relations Committee, October 19, 2005 (excerpt)6.4 Donald H. Rumsfeld and Peter Pace, Joint Statement, April 18, 2008 (excerpt)Iraqi Reactions to Regime Change: Visions for Democracy6.5 Constitution of Iraq, October 2005 (excerpt) 6.6 Declaration of the Shi'a of Iraq, July 2002 (excerpt) 6.7 Statement by Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Kadhim al-Haeri, July 2002 (excerpt) 6.8 Statement by Ayatollah Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim, May 14, 2001 (excerpt) 6.9 Collection of Fatwas by Grand Ayatollah Sistani, September 2002-October 2007 6.10 Sayyid Sistani, Statement on Islamic Unity and the Renunciation of Sedition and Sectarianism, February 3, 20076.11 Kurdistan Regional Government Unification Agreement, January 21, 2006 6.12 Law of the SupremeNational Commission for Accountability and Justice, January 12, 2008 (excerpt) 6.13 Helsinki Agreement, September 2007Joing U.S.- Iraqi Documents6.14 Agreement between the United States of America and the Republic of Iraq on the Withdrawal of the United States Forces from Iraq and the Organization of Their Activities during Their Temporary Presence in Iraq, November 17, 2008 (excerpt) 6.15 Strategic Framework Agreement for a Relationship of Friendship and Cooperation between the United States of America and the Republic of Iraq, November 17, 2008 (excerpt)

8. Human Rights and International Law: U.S. Methods and Operations in Preemptive War Domestic and International Law8.1 U.S. Constitution, Article 6 (excerpt) 8.2 Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Persons in Time of War, 1949
(excerpt) 8.3 The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (excerpt)8.4 U.S. Criminal Code, §§2340 and 2340A (excerpts)Secret Use of "Enhanced Interrogation Techniques"8.5 Lt. Col. Jerald Phifer, "Request for Approval of Counter-resistance Strategies," October 11, 2002Historical Context8.6 Central Intelligence Agency, KUBARK Manual on Counterintelligence Interrogation, July 1963 (excerpt)Reports on Violations of Law8.7 U.S. Army, Article 15-6: Investigation of the 800th Military Police Brigade (The Taguba Report), 2004 (excerpt) 8.8 Malcolm Nance, "Waterboarding Is Torture . . . Period," 8.9 American Civil Liberties Union, Khalid al-Masri Testimony on "Rendition"(excerpt)8.10 International Committee of the Red Cross, Report on the Treatment by the Coalition Forces of Prisoners of War and Other Protected Persons by the Geneva Conventions in Iraq during Arrest, Internment, and Interrogation, February 2004 (excerpt) 8.11 Human Rights Watch, "The Road to Abu Ghraib," June 2004 (excerpt)The Documentary Record: Key Memos by Members of the George W. Bush Administration8.12 Alberto Gonzales, Memorandum to the President, "Decision re Application of the Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War to the Conflict with al Qaeda and the Taliban," January 25, 2002 (excerpt)8.13 John Yoo, Letter to Alberto Gonzales, "Interrogation Methods to Be Used," August 1, 2002 (excerpt) 8.14 Jay Bybee to Alberto Gonzales, "Standards of Conduct forInterrogation under 18 U.S.C. §§2340-2340A," August 1, 2002 (excerpt) 8.15 Daniel Levin, Memorandum for James B. Comey, "Legal Standards Applicable under 18 U.S.C. §§2340-2340A," December 30, 2004 (excerpt)8.16 American Civil Liberties Union, Press Release, "CIA Provides Further Details on Secret Interrogation Memos," January 10, 2007 8.17 CIA and Justice Department, Documents Released in Response to ACLU Lawsuit, July 2008 8.18 Brian Ross and Richard Esposito, "CIA's Harsh Interrogation Techniques Described," ABC News Report on Six "Enhanced Interrogation Techniques," November 18, 2005 8.19 National Lawyers Guild and International Association of Democratic Lawyers, "White Paper on the Law of Torture and Holding Accountable Those Who Are Complicit in ApprovingTorture of Persons in U.S. Custody," May 2008 (excerpt)

The Iraq Papers

Author Information

John Ehrenberg is Professor of Political Science at Long Island University, Brooklyn Campus. He is the author of such books as Servants of Wealth and Civil Society: The Critical History of an Idea, winner of the Michael Harrington Prize.

J. Patrice McSherry is Professor of Political Science at Long Island University, Brooklyn Campus. Her books include Predatory States: Operation Condor and Covert War in Latin America (winner of a Choice award for Outstanding Academic Title of 2006) and Incomplete Transition: Military Power and Democracy in Argentina.

José Ramón Sánchez is the author of Boricua Power: A Political History of Puerto Ricans in the United States and is Associate Professor of Political Science at Long Island University.

Caroleen Marji Sayej is Assistant Professor of Government and International Relations at Connecticut College.

The Iraq Papers

Reviews and Awards

"The editors of this book have created an indispensable depository of documents and commentary on what Ambassador Richard Haass has called a 'War of Choice.' Even though I witnessed first-hand some of the arrogance, incompetence and deceit that led to the war, I was still stunned when poring through the cataloguing thereof-as well as others' reaction to it. I strongly recommend this compilation to the specialist or the general reader alike-but particularly to the citizen concerned about our democratic republic."-Lawrence B. Wilkerson, former chief of staff to Secretary of State Colin Powell and visiting Harriman Professor of Government and Public Policy at the College of William and Mary

"This is a comprehensive collection of primary documents that illuminate topics ranging from the ideological path to war, to the nature of the insurgency, to oil policy, to the legal road to torture. A must-read for any serious student of the War on Terror."-Karen Greenberg, editor of The Torture Papers and author of The Least Worst Place

"The Iraq Papers is an indispensable book for understanding the war in Iraq. It is also a superb book for teaching, combining an excellent selection of documents with helpful head notes that contextualize and analyze."-Marilyn Young, author of The Vietnam Wars, 1945-1990

"Especially valuable as a tool for college professors who teach courses on the Iraq War and American foreign policy but also a useful source of information for policymakers and concerned citizens. Highly recommended." -- Library Journal

"...it's both thorough and hard-hitting. It's hard to imagine that any of the key people in the Bush administration will be pleased with this book's release, but it should be read by people on both ends of the political spectrum." -- San Antonio Book Review