Prado

Prado

Prado, Mariano Ignacio, 1826-1901, president of Peru (1865-67, 1878-79). He aided Ramón Castilla in the revolution of 1854. Indignant at the treaty that compensated Spain for losses during the revolution—a treaty he considered humiliating to Peru—Prado led a revolution. He became dictator and severed diplomatic relations with Spain. The war that followed was limited to small naval engagements, but before its conclusion Prado was deposed. He was forced to leave the country, but he later returned and was reelected. The war with Chile (see Pacific, War of the) broke out in 1879. After some months of dismal failure and defeat, Prado left for Europe and did not return for many years.

Prado, Museo Nacional del, Spanish national museum of painting and sculpture, in Madrid, one of the finest in Europe. Situated on the Paseo del Prado, it was begun by the architect Juan de Villanueva in 1785 for Charles III, as a museum of natural history, and finished under his grandson, Ferdinand VII; the inaugural ceremony took place and the museum was opened to the public in 1819, when the collection consisted entirely of just over 1,500 Spanish paintings. The collection was expanded significantly in the 16th cent. under Charles V and was enlarged under the succeeding Hapsburg and Bourbon kings. It continued to be maintained by the royal family and was called the Royal Museum until 1868, when it became national property. The Prado's collection includes more than 17,000 paintings, sculptures, drawings, and prints. The Spanish, Flemish, and Venetian schools are particularly well represented. The collection includes masterpieces by Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese, Durer, Mantegna, van der Weyden, Rubens, Van Dyck, Dürer, Brueghel, Bosch, and many others. In addition, the works of Velázquez, El Greco, Ribera, and Goya can be seen nowhere else to such advantage. A large new extension to the museum, designed by Rafael Moneo, opened in 2007.

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