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THE ROLE IS INVESTIGATED OF VARIATIONS IN WATER TEMPERATURE UPON BRADYCARDIA, OR STIMULUS-INDUCED CARDIAC DECELERATION. THIS PHENOMENON OCCURS AS A REFLEX WHEN THE HUMAN FACE IS IMMERSED IN WATER. USING TWELVE TEST SUBJECTS, THE AUTHORS CARRY OUT FACIAL IMMERSIONS AT VARIOUS WATER TEMPERATURES, ACCOMPANIED BY ACCURATE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT. THROUGH STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, THE EFFECT OF WATER TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS UPON THE BRADYCARDIA REFLEX IS DEMONSTRATED. THE NATURE OF THE CUTANEOUS... Topics: CALIFORNIA, FORESTS, TIMBER INVENTORY, DIGITAL SYSTEMS, EREP, MULTISPECTRAL BAND CAMERAS,...

eye289

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Experimental studies have indicated that: (1) The response of digitized fluoroscopic imaging systems is linear systems is linear with contrast over a rather wide range of absorber and cavity thicknesses. (2) Contrast changes associated with the addition of aluminum, iodine containing contrast agents and air of thicknesses 1mm or less can be detected with a 95% confidence level. (3) The standard deviation associated with such determination using clinically available X-ray generators and video... Topics: BLACK HILLS (SD-WY), SKYLAB PROGRAM, COLORADO, FORESTS, GEORGIA, RANGELANDS, TIMBER INVENTORY,...

eye191

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The design of a secure communication system is described. A product code, formed from two pseudorandom sequences of digital bits, is used to encipher or scramble data prior to transmission. The two pseudorandom sequences are periodically changed at intervals before they have had time to repeat. One of the two sequences is transmitted continuously with the scrambled data for synchronization. In the receiver portion of the system, the incoming signal is compared with one of two locally generated... Topics: CROP INVENTORIES, GEOMETRIC RECTIFICATION (IMAGERY), PATTERN REGISTRATION, RANGELANDS, TIMBER...

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The Forestry Applications Project has been directed towards solving the problem of meeting informational needs of the resource managers utilizing remote sensing data sources including satellite data, conventional aerial photography, and direct measurement on the ground in such combinations as needed to best achieve these goals. It is recognized that sampling plays an important role in generating relevant information for managing large geographic populations. The central problem, therefore, is... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY, FOREST MANAGEMENT, REMOTE SENSORS, DATA...

eye22

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The author has identified the following significant results. The experiments made with aerial photos and satellite pictures showed that there are distinct correlations between tone values of satellite pictures and the volume of forest growing stock. Field work is regarded as necessary in order to draw more detailed conclusions. Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FINLAND, FORESTS, IMAGERY, TIMBER INVENTORY, DENSITOMETERS,...

eye190

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THE INVERSION PATH OF SIMPLE WAVES IN ANISOTROPIC PLASMA IS DETERMINED ON THE BASIS OF THE CHEW, GOLDBERG, AND LOW EQUATIONS. THE VALIDITY IS EXAMINED OF APPLYING THE LINEAR THEORY TO THE QUESTION OF HEATING OF THE OUTER SOLAR CORONA BY RAPID MAGNETOSONIC WAVES. Topics: BLACK HILLS (SD-WY), RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, SKYLAB PROGRAM, FORESTS, GEORGIA, RANGELANDS, SOUTH...

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The author has identified the following significant results. It was determined that hardwood in Warren County, Pennsylvania could best be inventoried in May. The acreage estimate was less than 3% different from Forest Service estimates. Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ECOSYSTEMS, GRASSLANDS, PENNSYLVANIA, TIMBER INVENTORY, EREP,...

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The Mexican Water Plan (MWP) conducted studies of present and potential land use in Mexico using LANDSAT-1 satellite imagery. Present land use studies were carried out all over the country (197 million hectares); nine soil uses were mapped according to the first classification level recommended by the U.S. Geological Survey. Also 6.3 million hectares of land with advanced erosion were detected. Work was executed at a rate of 8 million hectares per month; reliability was 90% and the cost of only... Topics: ALASKA, RANGELANDS, TIMBER INVENTORY, WILDLIFE, EARTH RESOURCES PROGRAM, LAND MANAGEMENT, LAND USE,...

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An investigation was conducted to establish the feasibility of utilizing remotely sensed data acquired from aircraft and satellite platforms to provide information concerning the distribution and abundance of oceanic gamefish. The data from the test area was jointly acquired by NASA, the Navy, the Air Force and NOAA/NMFS elements and private and professional fishermen in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. The data collected has made it possible to identify fisheries significant environmental... Topics: ALASKA, REMOTE SENSORS, TIMBER INVENTORY, VEGETATION, EARTH RESOURCES PROGRAM, LAND MANAGEMENT,...

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An investigation was undertaken to determine if a consistent stratification of a Southern pine forest could be obtained by using LANDSAT multispectral scanner data to assess crown closure. Winter and summer LANDSAT scenes of the North Carolina coastal region were analyzed individually and then registered and merged to take advantage of temporal changes in the forest canopy. Three levels of pine crown closure were accurately delineated. The applicability of this stratification as supplemental... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DIGITAL DATA, EARTH RESOURCES PROGRAM, FORESTS, NORTH...

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The Edit 9 forest scene, a computer processing technique, and its capability to map timber types in the Sam Houston National Forest, are evaluated. Special efforts were made to evaluate existing computer processing techniques in mapping timber types using ERTS-1 and aircraft data, and to provide an opportunity to open up new research and development areas in forestry data. Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DATA PROCESSING, MULTISPECTRAL BAND SCANNERS, TIMBER...

eye12

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The author has identified the following significant results. A unique digital timber volume estimation system with digital data for two ERTS-1 MSS bands was tested. The system was tested on a 64-square mile area in Northern California's Trinity Alps. The outcome of a systematic experiment in which possible combinations of the two bands (MSS 5 and 7) were tried, showed than an estimated gain in precision of 50% can be obtained in a multistage sampling design. Especially the difference between... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CALIFORNIA, FORESTS, TIMBER INVENTORY, DIGITAL SYSTEMS, EREP,...

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The use of remote sensing techniques to help the state of Mississippi recognize and solve its environmental, resource, and socio-economic problems through inventory, analysis, and monitoring is suggested. Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MISSISSIPPI, PROBLEM SOLVING, REGIONAL PLANNING, REMOTE...

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The contouring of 8-13.5 micrometer thermal data collected over a forestry site in Virginia is described. The data were collected at an altitude of 1000 ft above terrain on November 4, 1970. The site was covered on three approximately parallel lines. The purpose of the contouring was to attempt to delineate pine trees attacked by southern pine bark beetle, and to map other important terrain categories. Special processing steps were required to achieve the correct aspect ratio of the thermal... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DATA PROCESSING, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, FOREST MANAGEMENT,...

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The author has identified the following significant results. A high-flight U-2 imagery (1:120,000) volume interpretation model was developed which could be used to explain 50% of the volume variation occurring on the ground. Two interpreters interpreted 40 GLO land sections with known timber volume in terms of eight variables that could be estimated from the imagery. A multiple regression study was performed to relate the interpreted variables to the ground volumes. It was found that the best... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MULTISPECTRAL BAND CAMERAS, MULTISPECTRAL BAND SCANNERS,...

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The author has identified the following significant results. Results of the continuing analysis of ERTS-1 imagery covering Iowa during 1972 and periods during 1973 are covered. Emphasis is placed on the identification and classification of major crop types at two test sites in Iowa. Standard photointerpretive methods were used in this analysis including the direct enlargement of black and white single-band products and additive color multi-band procedures using a miniadcol system. The use of... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CROP IDENTIFICATION, FORESTS, IOWA, AGRICULTURE, EARTH...

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We describe decentralized reconfigurable implementation of a conference management system based on the low-level Internet Protocol (IP) multicasting protocol. IP multicasting allows low-cost, world-wide, two-way transmission of data between large numbers of conferencing participants through the Multicasting Backbone (MBone). Each conference is structured as a software bus -- a messaging system that provides a run-time interconnection model that acts as a separate agent (i.e., the bus) for... Topics: FOREST MANAGEMENT, CONIFERS, CORRELATION, FORESTS, HIGH RESOLUTION, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, LANDSAT...

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The state of the art in remote sensing for forest and range inventories and mapping has been discussed. There remains a long way to go before some of these techniques can be used on an operational basis. By the time that the Earth Resources Technology Satellite and Skylab space missions are flown, it should be possible to tell what kind and what quality of information can be extracted from remote sensors and how it can be used for surveys of forest and range resources. Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MAPPING, RANGE RESOURCES, REMOTE SENSORS, TIMBER INVENTORY,...

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The author has identified the following significant results. The Kershaw County site, South Carolina, was selected to be representative of both the oak-pine ecosystem and the southeastern pine ecosystem. The following processing results have concluded that: (1) early spring LANDSAT data provide the best contrast between forest features; (2) level 2 forest features (softwood, hardwood, grassland, and water) can be classified with an accuracy of 70% + or - 5.7% at the 90% confidence level; (3)... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ECOSYSTEMS, FORESTS, GROUND TRUTH, SOUTH CAROLINA, TIMBER...

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Funded and administered by NASA, the Affiliated Research Center (ARC) program transfers geospatial technologies from the Space Agency and participating universities to commercial companies, non-profit and trade organizations, and tribal governments. The origins of the ARC program date back to 1988, when NASA's Stennis Space Center initiated the Visiting Investigator Program to bring industry closer to spatial information technologies. The success of this trial program led to an expansion into... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), REMOTE SENSING, GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY RELATIONS, TECHNOLOGY...

eye19

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The author has identified the following significant results. Results show that the new algorithm produced cleaner classification maps in which holes of small predesignated sizes were eliminated and significant boundary information was preserved. These cleaner post-processed maps better resemble true life timber stand maps and are thus more usable products than the pre-post-processing ones: Compared to an accepted neighbor-checking post-processing technique, the new algorithm is more appropriate... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ALGORITHMS, FORESTS, IMAGE ENHANCEMENT, TIMBER INVENTORY,...

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Some examples are presented of the use of remote sensing in cultivated crops, forestry, and range management. Areas of concern include: the determination of crop areas and types, prediction of yield, and detection of disease; the determination of forest areas and types, timber volume estimation, detection of insect and disease attack, and forest fires; and the determination of range conditions and inventory, and livestock inventory. Articles in the literature are summarized and specific... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY, AGRICULTURE, FORESTS, REMOTE SENSORS,...

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Data from LANDSAT, low altitude color aerial photography, and ground visits were combined and used to produce vegetation cover maps and to estimate productivity of range, woodland, and forest resources in northwestern Arizona. A planning session, two workshops, and four status reviews were held to assist technology transfer from NASA. Computer aided digital classification of LANDSAT data was selected as a major source of input data. An overview is presented of the data processing, data... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ARIZONA, FORESTS, RANGELANDS, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER, THEMATIC...

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A winter black and white band 5, a winter color, a fall color, and a diazo color composite of the fall scene were used to assess the use and potential of LANDSAT images for mapping and estimating acreage of small scattered forest tracts in Barry County, Michigan. Forests as small as 2.5 acres were mapped from each LANDSAT data source. The maps for each image were compared with an available forest-type map. Mapping errors detected were categorized as boundary and identification errors. The most... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FORESTS, LAND USE, MICHIGAN, PHOTOINTERPRETATION,...

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The author has identified the following significant results. Forest inventory of Thailand was completed in January 1975, using LANDSAT-1 imagery and ground truth survey. Results showed the existing forest covers only 37% of the land area. The last country-wide survey using aerial survey photographs at 1:60,000 scale conducted in 1961 gave the figure of 58%. ERTS-1 imagery showed that Thailand's mangrove forest covers an area of approximately 3130 sq k. The previous aerial survey showed 3681 sq... Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COASTS, FORESTS, GROUND TRUTH, MUD, SEDIMENTS, THAILAND,...