Cog or War Cog: Simple flat bottomed, one sail war ships, trade vessels, or troop transports made usually of oak.

Chevauchée: A raid into enemy territory where plunder and pillaging are the prime motivations. Often launched on horseback. Used by the English in France during the Hundred Years’ War, 1337-1453.

Fortune’s Wheel: A metronomic device use to describe continuous turn of fortune, favor, popularity, and livelihood of the nobility during the ongoing War of the Roses.

Handstrokes: Battlefield actions which can be directed by noble commanders once per battle.

Knight: A man, most usually of high-birth, under arms who has been invested by a king, duke, or bishop to uphold law, order, fellowship, and the virtues of chivalry. For most young men and soldiers, being granted a knighthood is the first step in becoming a lord, baron, or peer.

Mêlée: Describing a battle or skirmish between opposing armies or single combat between two knights or men-at-arms. Also a stage of battle.

Noble Ward: the household retainers and retinues of any king, lord, baron, or noble commander.

Press: The final stage of a battle.

Single Combat: A test of arms between two armed combatants in either battle or in a tournament or trial by combat scenario. Single combat is fought for sport, to wound and capture an opponent, or to the death in some instances.

War of the Roses:The name of the long-standing and ongoing dynastic civil war being fought in England and Wales from 1455 to the current year, 1470 AD.