To cut off, dismiss, or reject something. To logically cut off or eliminate the possibility that something is something else

Tib: bcad-pa

Abgrenzen

preclusion

The conceptual process through which sets and countersets are formulated. It implies previous apprehension of an object to be negated, in which the apprehension itself logically and automatically excludes the object to be negated from the set of either all validly knowable phenomena other than itself or all validly knowable phenomena in total. It is not a deliberate, conscious mental act.

Tib: bcad-pa

Abgrenzen, explizit

preclude, explicitly

See: explicitly preclude

Abgründe, gefährliche

gorges, dangerous

See: dangerous gorges

abhängiges Phänomen

dependent phenomenon

A validly knowable object that arises dependently on causes and conditions. All nonstatic phenomena. Often translated literally as "other-powered phenomenon."

Tib: gzhan-dbangSkt: paratantra

Abhisambodhikaya

Abhisambodhikaya

See: Corpus of Manifest Enlightenment

Ableitung, geistige

derivative, mental

See: mental derivative

Abneigung

aversion

See: anger

Abscheu

dread

The strong wish not to experience something or for something not to happen. If overlaid with grasping for truly established existence, it becomes fear. Sometimes translated as "fear."

Tib: 'jigs-pa

Abschweifung, geistige

wandering, mental

See: mental wandering

Absicht / Intention

intention

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to obtain any object, to achieve any goal, or to do something with the object or goal once obtained or achieved.

Praise or criticism, good or bad news, gains or losses, things going well or poorly -- or, more specifically, the emotional ups and downs of overexcitement and depression in response to these eight. Also called the "eight worldly dharmas."

An epithet of a Buddha - one who has conquered (vanquished) all obstacles, attained (mastered) all good qualities, and gone beyond (surpassed) any of the Hindu gods for whom the epithet Bhagavan has also been applied. Some translators render the term as "Blessed One."

In the Karma Kagyu system, the aspect of mental activity that gives rise to and is aware of the appearing (the arising in general) of an awareness of an object and an object that one is aware of. In a looser sense, awareness of the general features of an entire sensory or mental field that one cognizes, so that one gets an overview.

The focal conditions and dominating conditions that give rise to the six types of cognition -- namely, the cognitive objects and cognitive sensors of each of the six cognitive faculties. In the case of the five sensory faculties, the objects and sensors are forms of physical phenomena, such as sights and photosensitive cells. In the case of the mental faculty, the objects may be any validly knowable phenomenon, while the sensors are the immediately preceding moments of mental cognition. Usually counted as the twelve stimulators of cognition, but in the list of the twelve links of dependent arising, referred to as the six stimulators of cognition, in which case the two cognitive stimulators of each cognitive faculty are counted as one.

Tib: skye-mchedSkt: ayatana

Ansammlung von Weisheit

collection of wisdom

See: network of deep awareness

Anschein / Abbild

semblance, mental

See: mental aspect

anschließende Erlaubnis

subsequent permission

A tantric ritual for a specific Buddha-figure, received in order to strengthen further the Buddha-nature factors that were previously activated with a full empowerment. Usually called by its Tibetan name, "jenang."

Tib: rjes-snang

Ansicht, verzerrte

view, distorted

See: distorted outlook

Ansicht / Auffassung / Sicht

view

In the description of a Buddhist system in terms of the view of reality, a way of meditating, and way of behaving that it espouses, the main way for regarding and understanding reality. See also: outlook.

Tib: lta-ba

Ansichten, Anblicke

sights

Nonstatic phenomena that can be explicitly cognized by eye consciousness -- namely, colors and shapes. Equivalent to "forms of physical phenomena that can become objects of experience of the eyes." One of the eleven types of forms of physical phenomena.

A way of regarding and understanding objects, for instance as "me" and "mine."

Tib: lta-ba

Auffassung, extreme

outlook, extreme

See: extreme outlook

Auffinden, grobes

detection, gross

See: gross detection

Aufgeben

riddance

A static state in which an emotional obscuration or a cognitive obscuration has been removed forever from a mental continuum. Equivalent to a true stopping (true cessation). Translated by others as "abandonment."

Tib: spong-baSkt: hani

aufgeladenes Bewusstsein

loaded consciousness

See: link of loaded consciousness

aufgeladenes Bewusstsein zum Zeitpunkt der Ursache

link of loaded consciousness at the time of the cause

The first phase of the third of the twelve links of dependent arising, the link of loaded consciousness. A mental continuum containing the karmic aftermath of throwing karma during the lifetime in which the karmic action producing it has occurred. The first part of the third link of dependent arising, the link of loaded consciousness.

Tib: rgyu-dus-kyi rnam-shes-kyi yan-lag

aufgeladenes Bewusstsein zum Zeitpunkt der Ursache

loaded consciousness at the time of the cause, link of

See: link of loaded consciousness at the time of the cause

aufgeladenes Bewusstsein zum Zeitpunkt des Ergebnisses

link of loaded consciousness at the time of the result

The second phase of the third of the twelve links of dependent arising, the link of loaded consciousness. A mental continuum containing the karmic aftermath of throwing karma during the future lifetime produced as a result of that throwing karma.

In the twelve links of dependent arising, the three and a half links of resultant loaded consciousness, nameable mental faculties with or without gross form, stimulators of cognition, and contacting awareness, which occur during the development of an embryo in the womb in the life that is thrown by the activated karmic aftermath of throwing karma.

Tib: 'phangs-pa'i 'bras-bu'i yan-lag

ausführliche Erklärung

discourse

An oral teaching on a spiritual topic, often concerning tantra.

Tib: khrid

ausgeglichen / ausgeglichener Geist

even-tempered

The mental factor of not becoming either too involved or indifferent toward others, even when helping them.

ausgewogen / ausgewogener Geist

even-minded

A tranquil state of mind that stays in the middle with regard to being either happy or unhappy, in all circumstances, such as when meeting with or parting from friends. Literally, "a state of standing in the middle."

A passage in a sutra text that discusses any topic other than the most profound view of voidness, and which leads one on or points the way to the most profound view of voidness. Such passages require explanation, so that one does not confuse them as indicating the most profound view.

Offerings of specially consecrated external objects such as water, flowers, incense, and so on.

Tib: phyi'i mchod-pa

äußeres Mandala

outer mandala

A round, flat-bottomed bowl, held bottom side up, with three mounds of grain, placed one atop the other on its surface and contained within progressively smaller concentric metal rings, and crowned with an ornamental diadem. It is used as an offering to a spiritual master in request for a teaching, the conferring of a set of vows, and for the conferring of a tantric empowerment. It is also used as an offering of appreciation at the conclusion of these three occasions. It is also offered 100,000 times as a preliminary practice for building up positive force for success in the practice of tantra.

Tib: phyi'i dkyil-'khor

äußeres Objekt

external object

See: external phenomenon

äußeres Phänomen

external phenomenon

A nonstatic phenomenon that arises from a natal source different from the natal source of the consciousness that cognizes it -- namely, from a natal source that is not connected with the mental continuum of the individual who cognizes it.

Tib: phyi-donSkt: bahyartha

außergewöhnlicher Entschluss

exceptional resolve

The full determination with which one takes the responsibility to lead all limited beings to liberation and enlightenment. Sometimes translated as "pure wish."

Tib: lhag-bsamSkt: adhyashaya

außerordentliche Ehrlichkeit

exceptional sincerity

Exceptional sincerity has, in addition to the factors comprising sincerity, two more factors: 3) nonattachment (ma-chags-pa), 4) going forward in a special way (khyad-par-du 'gro-ba).

Tib: lhag-bsam

außerphysische Emanation

extraphysical emanations

Physical bodies having abilities that are beyond the usual capacity of the body -- such as the ability to run great distances at an incredible speed, to fly, to increase or decrease in size, to multiply, to walk on water, to pass beneath the earth, and so on -- which are produced (emanated) from karma, recitation of mantra, the power of specially consecrated substances, or the power of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana).

Tib: rdzu-'phrulSkt: rddhi

außerphysische Kräfte

extraphysical powers

See: extraphysical emanations

außersinnliches Auge des Dharma

extrasensory eye of the Dharma

One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana). (1) According to the Gelug explanation, cognition that is able to understand the mental capacities of others, in order to be able to teach them appropriately. (2) According to the Karma Kagyu explanation, a Buddha's omniscient awareness that possesses the ten forces that enable a Buddha to lead all beings to enlightenment.

Tib: chos-kyi spyan

außersinnliches Auge des tiefen Gewahrseins

extrasensory eye of deep awareness

A Buddha's omniscient awareness that is able to "see" the two truths about all phenomena. One of the five types of extrasensory eyes, possessed only by Buddhas.

Tib: ye-shes-kyi spyan

außersinnliches Auge des unterscheidenden Gewahrseins

extrasensory eye of discriminating awareness

Cognition that is able to "see" voidness nonconceptually. One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana)..

Tib: shes-rab-kyi spyan

außersinnliches fleischliches Auge

extrasensory flesh eye

Cognition that is able to see great distances without obstruction, to see through solid objects such as walls, to see in all directions at the same time, and so on. One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana).

Tib: sha'i spyan

außersinnliches göttliches Auge

extrasensory divine eye

Cognition that is able to "see" in the sense of know, future rebirths. One of the five extrasensory eyes gained as a byproduct of the attainment of an actual state of the first level of mental stability (the first dhyana).

Tib: lha'i spyan

außersinnliche Wahrnehmung

extrasensory perception

See: advanced awareness

Ausstrahlungskörper

Corpus of Emanations

The network of grosser forms, which are emanations of a Buddha's Corpus of Full Use, and in which a Buddha appears in order to teach ordinary beings with the karma to be able to meet with them. Also translated sometimes as "Emanation Body."

Tib: sprul-skuSkt: nirmanakaya

Austritt, endgültiger

emergence, definite

See: definite emergence

ausübendes Bodhichitta

engaged bodhichitta

A mind of bodhichitta which, when focused on one's own individual not-yet-happening enlightenment, imputable on the basis of the Buddha-nature factors of one's mental continuum, is committed to attaining that enlightenment by having taken bodhisattva vows and which then enters into the type of behavior that will bring one to enlightenment.

Tib: 'jug-sems

ausübendes Bodhichitta

involved bodhichitta

See: engaged bodhichitta

automatisch / gleichzeitig

pervasion

The intersection of two sets of phenomena.

Tib: khyab-pa

automatisch auftretend, automatisch erscheinend

automatically arising

Naturally arising or occurring on a mental continuum from time to time, without being based on previously having been taught an incorrect tenet system. When something, such as a constructive or a disturbing emotion automatically arises, it does so from a tendency for that emotion, built up from previous occurrences of the same emotion, and does not entail the occurrence or production of an emotion that has never occurred before.

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to obtain any object, to achieve any goal, or to do something with the object or goal once obtained or achieved, but based on prior deliberation and thus a stronger mental factor than intention .

Beachtung

regard

See: firm conviction

Bedeutung, explizit hinweisende

meaning, explicit suggestive

See: explicit suggestive meaning

Bedeutung, implizit hingewiesene

meaning, implicit suggested

See: implicit suggested meaning

bedeutungsbezogene Kategorie

meaning category

The conceptual category into which fit all significances (meanings) of an audio category.

Tib: don-spyi

bedeutungsbezogenes Allgemeines

meaning universal

See: meaning category

Bedeutungs-Kategorie /Objekt-Kategorie

meaning/object category

The conceptual category into which fit all items to which an audio category refers. These items are also what the audio category signifies (means).

Tib: don-spyi

bedingtes Entstehen

dependent arising

The reliance of something on something other than itself for establishing its existence. (1) The reliance of all samsaric phenomena on unawareness for establishing their existence; (2) the reliance of all functional, nonstatic phenomena on causes and conditions for establishing their existence; (3) the reliance of both static and nonstatic phenomena on their parts for establishing their existence; (4) the reliance of all phenomena on mental labeling for establishing their existence. Also translated as "dependent origination."

Tib: rten-cing 'brel-bar 'byung-baSkt: pratityasamutpada

bedingtes Phänomen

conditioned phenomenon

See: affected phenomenon

Bedingung

condition

A nonstatic phenomenon that helps shape the conventional identity of something that is produced or arises from causes.

Something that derives from a disturbing emotion or attitude, or is related in some way with a disturbing emotion or attitude. According to Vasubandhu, they give rise to further tainted phenomena; while according to Asanga, only some do that. Also translated as "mixed with confusion. Some translators render this term as "contaminated."

Tib: zag-bcasSkt: sashrava

befleckte Aggregate

tainted aggregates

The five aggregate factors of experience that derive from a disturbing emotion or attitude, or are related in some with a disturbing emotion or attitude. Some translators render the term as "contaminated aggregates."

Tib: zag-bcas kyi phung-po

befreites Wesen

liberated being

See: arhat

Befreiung

liberation

The state of an arhat; the state in which one has attained a true stopping of true suffering and the true origins of suffering, and thus a true stopping of samsara; the state in which one has attained a true stopping of the emotional obscurations.

Tib: thar-paSkt: moksha

begehrenswerte Sinnesobjekte, fünf Arten

desirable sensory objects, five types of

See: five types of desirable sensory objects

Begierde

craving

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of a strong longing desire to experience something in the future that one may or may not be experiencing at present. The Sanskrit term means, literally, "thirst."

Tib: sred-paSkt: trshna

Begierde aufgrund von Angst

craving because of fear

One of the three types of craving specified particularly in terms of the time of death. Also called: craving to be separated from what is fearful. (1) A strong longing desire to be parted from pain and unhappiness. (2) Holding on to objects of the past.

Tib: 'jigs-sred

Begierde in Bezug auf Begehrenswertes

craving in relation to what is desirable

One of the three types of craving specified particularly in terms of the time of death. (1) A strong longing desire not to be parted from the ordinary forms of happiness that one is currently experiencing. (2) Holding on to objects of the present, which one is attached to keeping.

Tib: 'dod-sred

Begierde in Bezug auf Weiterexistenz

craving in relation to further existence

One of the three types of craving specified particularly in terms of the time of death. (1) A strong longing desire for a neutral feeling, which one is experiencing, to continue surviving and not degenerate. (2) A strong longing desire for one's own body composed of five aggregates to continue surviving as a basis for craving in relation to what is desirable and craving because of fear. (3) Holding on to objects of the future.

A being still having limited awareness. Any being other than a Buddha. Often rendered as "sentient being."

Tib: sems-canSkt: sattva

beherrschende Wirkung

commanding results

Synonymous with dominating results.

Tib: dbang-gi 'bras-bu

beherrschende Wirkung

dominating result

(1) The type of environment or society in which one is born or enters and the way it treats one, or (2) objects, such as one's possessions, and what happens to them. Such results may ripen from destructive, tainted constructive, or unspecified actions and are called "dominating results" because they extend over and dominate everything that one experiences in a particular rebirth. Also translated as "comprehensive result," "overriding result" or "overlord result," it is synonymous with "commanding result."

Tib: bdag-'bras bdag-po’i ‘bras-buSkt: adhipatiphalam

beherrschende Wirkung

overlord result

See: dominating result

beherrschende Wirkung

result, commanding

See: dominating result

beherrschende Wirkung

result, dominating

See: dominating result

beherrschende Wirkung

result, overlord

See: dominating result

beherrschende Wirkung

result, overriding.

See: dominating result

benennbare Geisteskräfte mit oder ohne feste Form

link of nameable mental faculties with or without gross form

The fourth of the twelve links of dependent arising. The four mental aggregates -- consciousness, feeling a level of happiness, distinguishing, and other affecting variables -- some of which are merely potentials -- together with the aggregate of forms of physical phenomena during a rebirth on the plane of sensory desires or the plane of ethereal forms, or without this aggregate during a rebirth on the plane of formless beings, during the period of time in the development of a foetus from the moment of conception up until the moment just before the cognitive faculties of seeing, hearing, and so on are differentiated.

Tib: ming-dang gzugs-kyi yan-lagSkt: namarupa-anga

benennbare Geisteskräfte mit oder ohne feste Form

nameable mental faculties with or without gross form, link of

See: nameable mental faculties with or without gross form

Benommenheit

dumbfoundedness

In the dzogchen system, a nominal disturbing attitude, equivalent to automatically arising unawareness regarding phenomena, which obscures rigpa's (pure awareness's) knowing its own nature. Some translators render it as "bedazzlement" or "stupidity," but it has nothing to do with intelligence.

Tib: rmongs-cha

Bereich der Form

form realm

See: plane of ethereal forms

Bereich des Begehrens

desire realm

See: plane of sensory desires

Berichte, enthüllende

accounts, revelatory

See: revelatory accounts

Berichte, erläuternde

accounts, illustrative

See: illustrative accounts

Berichte, fabelhafte

accounts, fabulous

See: fabulous accounts

Berichte von früheren Leben

accounts, past life

See: past life accounts

Berichte von früheren Leben

past life accounts

Accounts of the difficult ascetic practices that Buddha performed in his previous lives while engaging in the conduct of the bodhisattvas. One of the twelve scriptural categories.

Tib: skyes-pa'i rabsSkt: jataka

Beschäftigung mit dem "Ich"

self-preoccupation

An attitude of thinking only about oneself, as if one were the only one in the world, and not thinking about anyone else; narcissism.

Tib: ngar-'dzin

bescheidenes Fahrzeug

Modest Vehicle

See: Hinayana

bescheidenes Fahrzeug des Geistes

Modest Vehicle of Mind

See: Hinayana

besondere Einsicht

special insight

See: exceptionally perceptive state of mind

besonderes Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung

special taking of safe direction

Synonym for "resultant taking of safe direction."

Tib: skyabs-'gro khyad-par-ba

besondere Verse

special verses

Praises that Buddha uttered with joy for the sake of the long life of his teachings, and not for the sake of specific individuals. One of the twelve scriptural categories.

The quality of something standing out sharply and dramatically in its appearance, without anything adorning it (like a rock mountain in a desert, totally devoid of any vegetation); the quality of being barren.

Bodhisattvas who have been definite about their lineage as bodhisattvas from before attaining arhatship and thus who have attained arhatship as bodhisattvas and not as shravakas or pratyekabuddhas before developing bodhichitta.

Tib: rigs-nges-pa'i byang-sems

Bodhisattva-Bhumis

bodhisattva bhumis

See: bhumi-mind

Bodhisattva-Gelübde

bodhisattva vows

The set of restraints from committing certain actions (eighteen root downfalls and forty-six faulty actions) that, if committed, would be detrimental to achieving enlightenment and benefiting all others.

Literally: Buddha caste-trait, Buddha family-trait. A factor imputable on the stained mind of a limited being (sentient being) that transforms into or allows for the attainment of enlightenment.

Tib: sangs-rgyas-kyi rigs

Buddhismus-Professor

Buddhism professor

A teacher, either lay or monastic, Western or Asian, who imparts information about Buddhism gained from scriptural knowledge and/or scholarly research.

Charakteristika, inhärente

characteristics, inherent

See: inherent characteristics

Chittamatra

Chittamatra

A Mahayana school of Indian Buddhism that does not assert external phenomena, but which does assert the true existence of dependent phenomena. One of the four Indian Buddhist tenet systems studied by all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism; the Mind-Only School.

Tib: Sems-tsam-pa

dämonische Kraft

demonic force

Something that harms limited beings or causes interference and obstacles to constructive actions.

Tib: bdudSkt: mara

Darstellung, geistige / Repräsentation, geistige

representation, mental

See: mental representation

Darstellungen, epische

presentations, epic

See: epic presentations

Darstellungen der praxisbezogenen Themen

expositions on themes of practice

See: sutra

das Glied der Wahrnehmungsanreger

link of stimulators of cognition

The fifth of the twelve links of dependent arising. The stimulators of cognition during the period of time in the development of a fetus from when the six different stimulators of cognition are differentiated up until but just before the aggregate of distinguishing is differentiated.

Tib: skye-mched-kyi yan-lagSkt: ayatana-anga

das Glied der Wahrnehmungsanreger

stimulators of cognition, link of

See: link of stimulators of cognition

das Heranreifen

ripening

The process whereby a karmic cause gives rise to its result. See: ripen.

Tib: smin-paSkt: vipaka

Deckenfries

moldings

(on walls or ceilings)

definierende Charakteristika

defining characteristics

See: defining characteristic mark

der tatsächliche Zustand der ersten Ebene geistiger Stabilität

actual state of the first level of mental stability

A state of mind attained on the basis of the attainment of a stilled and settled state of shamatha and which temporarily blocks all disturbing emotions and attitudes directed at phenomena on the plane of sensory desires (the "desire realm"). The various types of advanced awareness arise as a byproduct of the attainment of this state of mind. Also called: "actual state of the first dhyana."

Tib: bsam-gtan dang-po'i dngos-gzhi

Dharma

dharma

(1) Preventive measures which, if one puts into practice or achieves, prevent the experience of future suffering. (2) Buddha's teachings. (3) Any phenomenon or "thing."

Tib: chosSkt: dharma

Dharma, der echte

Dharma, "real thing"

See: real-thing Dharma

Dharma-Ausbilder

Dharma instructor

A teacher, either lay or monastic, Western or Asian, who explains the Buddhist teachings from his or her own experiential insight and understanding.

Dharmajuwel, nominelles

Dharma Gem, nominal

See: nominal Dharma Gem

Dharmajuwel, offensichtliches

Dharma Gem, apparent

See: apparent Dharma Gem

Dharmajuwel, tiefstes

Dharma Gem, deepest

See: deepest Dharma Gem

Dharmakaya

Dharmakaya

See: Corpus Encompassing Everything

Dharmakaya des tiefen Gewahrseins

deep awareness Dharmakaya

See: Corpus of Deep Awareness' Encompassing Everything

Dharma light

Dharma-lite

A version of the Buddhist teachings without the presentation of past and futures lives and in which the motivating aim is usually just to improve one's samsaric existence of this life.

Dharma-Schützer

Dharma-protector

A class of forceful beings, tamed by Buddha or a spiritual lineage master such as Guru Rinpoche, and made to take an oath to protect the Dharma and its practitioners. They may be either ordinary worldly beings (non-aryas) or highly realized aryas. In some cases, they are emanations of a Buddha, appearing in the form of a Dharma-protector.

Tib: chos-skyongSkt: dharmapala

Dharma-Schützer

protector, Dharma

See: Dharma-protector

Dichotomie

dichotomy

Two mutually exclusive sets form a dichotomy if all existent phenomena must be a member of either one or the other mutually exclusive set.

Tib: dngos-'gal

die guten Eigenschaften anderer anregen (Wachstum)

stimulating others' good qualities

Also translated as "increase."

Tib: rgyas-pa

die Kategorie der Herzessenz

heart essence division

Another name for the quintessence teachings division of treasure texts, and for the texts contained in this division.

Tib: snying-thig

Ding, auf die sich etwas bezieht

thing, referent

See: referent thing

Dinge, auf die sich etwas bezieht / Bezugs-Ding

referent thing

The actual "thing" referred to by a name or concept, corresponding to the names or concepts for something, and which is findable, establishing its own existence by its own power, on the side of the referent object of the name or concept. In Gelug, according to Prasangika it is nonexistent and according to lower tenet systems it is existent.

Tib: btags-don

direkte Ursache

direct cause

The phenomenon that actually produces its result, without need for any intermediary -- for example, a visible object is the direct cause for the seeing of it.

Tib: dngos-rgyu

direkte Wahrnehmung

direct cognition

According to the non-Gelug presentation, the type of cognition that a present moment of sensory consciousness has of the present moment of a mental aspect (mental hologram) of the immediately preceding moment of an external sense object. Compare: indirect cognition.

Tib: dngos-su shes-pa

doktrinär bedingte störende Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen

doctrinally based disturbed emotions and attitudes

Disturbing emotions and attitudes that arise based on having been taught and having accepted a non-Buddhist Indian tenet system or a less sophisticated Indian Buddhist tenet system.

Tib: nyon-mongs kun-brtags

doktrinär bedingte Unwissenheit

doctrinally based unawareness

The mental factor of either not knowing or knowing invertedly either behavioral cause and effect or the manner in which the self and all phenomena exist, and which arises on a person's mental continuum based on that person having been taught an incorrect tenet system. Also called: doctrinally based ignorance.

Tib: ma-rig kun-brtags

dominante Bedingung / vorherrschende Bedingung

dominating condition

The nonstatic phenomena that produce the essential nature of something, such as the eye sensors for the visual consciousness and congruent mental factors of a visual cognition. This condition is called "dominating" – literally, the "overlord condition" – because it rules what the essential nature of its result will be.

Tib: bdag-rkyenSkt: adhipatipratyaya

Drang

urge

See: mental urge

drei Bereiche

three realms

See: three planes of samsaric existence

drei Buddhakörper

Three Buddha-Bodies

See: Three Corpuses of a Buddha

drei Ebenen der Existenz

three planes of existence

See: three planes of samsaric existence

drei Ebenen der samsarischen Existenz

three planes of samsaric existence

A threefold division of samsaric rebirth states: the planes of (1) sensory desires, (2) ethereal forms, and (3) formless beings. Sometimes called "the three realms."

Tib: khams-gsumSkt: tridhatu

Dreifaches Kleinod

Triple Gem

See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems

drei gereinigte Zustände

three purified states

The three states of bodhi; the three states of a shravaka arhat, a pratyekabuddha arhat, and a Buddha.

Drei Juwelen

Three Jewels

See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems

Drei Juwelen der Zuflucht / Drei Zufluchtsjuwelen

Three Jewels of Refuge

See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems

Drei Kleinodien

Three Gems

See: Three Rare and Supreme Gems

drei Körper des Buddha

Three Corpuses of a Buddha

(1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), and (3) Corpus Encompassing Everything (Dharmakaya) of a Buddha.

Tib: sku-gsumSkt: trikaya

drei Kreise

three circles

Three aspects of an action that are all equally void of true existence: (1) the individual performing the action, (2) the object upon or toward which the action is committed, and (3) the action itself. Occasionally, as in the case of the action of giving, the object may refer to the object given. The existence of each of these is established dependently on the others. Sometimes translated as "the three spheres" of an action.

Tib: 'khor-lo gsum

Drei Seltene und Überragende Kleinodien

Three Rare and Supreme Gems

The Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. Also called "The Three Gems," "The Triple Gem," "The Three Jewels," and "The Three Jewels of Refuge."

Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings lack any gross body. Usually translated by others as "formless realm."

Tib: gzugs-med khamsSkt: arupadhatu

Ebene des Pfades

level, pathway

See: pathway level

Ebene des Pfades

pathway level

In the context of basis, pathway, and resultant levels of something being specified, the level of it in the context of someone engaged in the practices for attaining enlightenment. In some usages, the level of a Mahayana arya with a seeing or accustoming pathway mind.

Tib: lamSkt: marga

Ebene des Sinnesbegehrens

plane of sensory desires

Samsaric rebirth states in which the limited beings have desire for sensory objects. Usually translated by others as "desire realm."

Tib: 'dod-khamsSkt: kamadhatu

Edle, der

noble one

See: arya

Ehrlichkeit

sincerity

Sincerity has two factors included in it: (1) lack of hypocrisy (g.yo-med) – not hiding our own faults, (2) lack of pretension (sgyu-med) – not pretending to have qualities that we do not have.

Tib: bsam-pa

Eifersucht

jealousy

A disturbing emotion that focuses on other peoples' accomplishments – such as their good qualities, possessions, or success – and is the inability to bear their accomplishments, due to excessive attachment to one's own gain or to the respect one receives. Also translated as "envy."

Tib: phrag-dogSkt: irshya

eigene Identitäten behaupten

asserting one's identity

The fourth of the four "obtainers" that constitute the ninth link of dependent arising. Equivalent to a deluded outlook toward a transitory network.

Tib: bdag-tu smra-ba

eigenes Angesicht/Anlitz

own face

The manner of existence and good qualities of pure awareness (rig-pa) as can be cognized by reflexive deep awareness.

Tib: rang-ngo

Eigenschaften, andauernde

traits, abiding

See: naturally abiding family-traits

Eigenschaften, gute

qualities, good

See: good qualities

Eigenschaften, sich entwickelnde

traits, evolving

See: evolving family-traits

eigenständig erkennbar

self-sufficiently knowable

A validly knowable phenomenon that, when actually cognized, does not rely on actual cognition of or by something else, for instance actual cognition of the object's basis for labeling.

Tib: rang-rkya thub-pa'i rdzas-yod

eigentliche Natur der Realität

very nature of reality

A synonym for voidness (emptiness). Some translators render the term as "thusness."

A nontechnical term for an understanding of a deeper level of meaning of something that one did not understand so deeply before or not at all before.

einspitzig

single-pointed

Concentration settled on an object or settled in a state of mind (such as compassion) and free of all flightiness of mind an mental dullness.

Einstellung, nominell störende

attitude, nominal disturbing

See: nominal disturbing attitude

Emanation, wundersame

emanation, miraculous

See: miraculous emanations

Emotion, störende

emotion, disturbing

See: disturbing emotion or attitude

emotionale Schleier

emotional obscurations

Fleeting stains that temporarily "cover" or accompany mental activity (more precisely, clear light mental activity), thereby preventing the mental activity from cognizing phenomena without accompanying disturbing emotions or attitudes. They include the disturbing emotions and attitudes, as well as their tendencies (seeds), and prevent the attainment of liberation from samsara, Also translated as "obscurations that are the disturbing emotions and attitudes"and "obscurations preventing liberation."

Tib: nyon-sgribSkt: kleshavarana

Empfängnis-Existenz

conception existence

The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being during which they experience conception. It lasts only one moment. Some translators render the term as "birth existence."

Tib: skye-srid

Empfinden verschiedener Grade von Glücklichsein

feeling a level of happiness

One of the five ever-functioning subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors). The subsidiary awareness that accompanies each moment of sensory or mental cognition of a limited being before attaining liberation and with which that being experiences the ripenings of its own karma in the form of something within the spectrum of extreme unhappiness, through neutral, to extreme happiness. Also called "feeling."

Tib: tshor-baSkt: vedana

Empfindung / Gefühl

feeling

See: feeling a level of happiness

endgültige Lehre / eindeutige Lehre

definitive teaching

A passage in a sutra text that discusses the most profound view of voidness, and to which all other passages in all other sutra texts eventually lead or point. Such passages do not need to be explained as indicating anything more profound.

Tib: nges-donSkt: nitartha

Energie, karmische

energy, karmic

See: karmic energy

Energiekanal, linker

energy-channel, left

See: left energy-channel

Energiekanal, rechter

energy-channel, right

See: right energy-channel

Energiekanal, zentraler

energy-channel, central

See: central energy-channel

Energiewind

energy-wind

Also called: energy-wind breaths

Tib: rlungSkt: prana

Energiewind, subtiler

energy-wind, subtle

See: subtle energy-winds

Energiewind-Atemzüge

energy-wind breaths

See: energy-wind

eng bindende Praktik / enge Bindung

closely bonding practice

See: bonding practice

enge Bindung

close bond

See: bonding practice

Engstirnigkeit

closed-mindedness

Siehe: Naivität

entfernte Linie

distant lineage

The lineage of a teaching that began with Buddha himself.

Tib: ring-brgyud

enthüllende Berichte

revelatory accounts

One of the twelve scriptural categories. (1) Buddha's revelations of what has happened in the past or prophesies of what will occur in the future. (2) According to some explanations, scriptures of definitive meaning.

Tib: lung-bstan-paSkt: vyakarana

Entität

entity

A truly existent "thing," either objective or metaphysical, that exists as a findable "thing" on its own, established as that "thing" by its own power from its own side.

Entität, metaphysische

entity, metaphysical

See: metaphysical entities

Entität, objektive

entity, objective

See: objective entities

Entsagung

renunciation

(1) The definite determination to be free of samsara and to gain liberation, and with which one is willing to give up true suffering and true causes. Also translated as "determination to be free." (2) In Theravada, the mental factor to give up all attachment to worldly possessions, social status, and even one's body. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude.

Tib: nges-'byungSkt: naishkramya

Entsagung, kurzlebige, hocherregte

renunciation, short-lived all-excited

See: short-lived all-excited renunciation

entscheidende Erklärungen

decisive explications

Precise indications of the meaning of the works in The Basket of Sutras by specifying the individual and general definitions of things. One of the twelve scriptural categories.

Tib: gtan-la phab-paSkt: upadesha

entscheidendes Gewahrsein

decisive awareness

See: ascertainment

entscheidende Wahrnehmung

decisive cognition

See: ascertainment

Entschlossenheit / Entschlusskraft

resolution

One of the ten far-reaching attitudes in the Theravada tradition. An attitude of determination with which a bodhisattva never abandons what he or she needs to do in order to benefit others.

Tib: byin-rlabsSkt: adhisthana

Entschluss, außergewöhnlicher

resolve, exceptional

See: exceptional resolve

Entstehen, kognitives

arising, cognitive

See: cognitive arising

Entstehenlassen

arise, making

See: making arise

Entstehenlassen

giving rise to

See: making arise

Entstehenlassen

making arise

The mental activity of appearance-making, which causes a cognitive appearance (mental hologram) to occur as an object of cognition in a moment of a mental continuum. Also translated as: "giving rise to."

epische Darstellungen

epic presentations

Presentations of the vast and profound aspects of such topics as the six far-reaching attitudes (six perfections) and ten arya bodhisattva levels of bhumi-mind (ten bhumis) of The Basket of the Mahayana or Bodhisattva Sutras. One of the twelve scriptural categories.

Tib: shin-tu rgyas-paSkt: vaipulya

erarbeitet

labored

A state of mind, such as bodhichitta, generated by working oneself up to it, with deliberate effort, through a series of steps, each of which entails a line of reasoning.

Tib: rtsol-bcas

erhöhtes Gewahrsein

heightened awareness

See: advanced awareness

Erhöhung

elevation

See: inspiration

Erkenntnis

recognition

The mental factor (subsidiary awareness) of distinguishing an object as being something specific, such as when studying the Dharma, oneself as being a sick person, one's spiritual teacher as being a doctor, and the Dharma as being medicine.

Teachings of Buddha given with examples for ease of comprehension by the listener. One of the twelve scriptural categories.

Tib: rtogs-par brjod-paSkt: avadana

erleuchtender Einfluss

enlightening influence

The unceasing, unending, effortless activity of a Buddha, which helps bring all limited beings to higher rebirth, liberation, and enlightenment. Such activity does not require a Buddha actually doing anything: a Buddha's attainment itself exerts a positive influence on others to pacify disturbance, stimulate the growth of good qualities, bring disorder under control, and forcefully end any harm. Also translated as: "Buddha-activity."

Tib: 'phrin-lasSkt: samudacara

erleuchtende Taten

enlightening deeds

According to Mahayana, a set of twelve actions or deeds in the life of a Buddha, with which a Buddha demonstrates to all limited beings the way to achieve enlightenment.

Tib: mdzad-pa

Ermächtigung

empowerment

A tantric ritual that activates and empowers Buddha-nature factors to grow so that, through repeated, sustained tantric practice, they will eventually transform into the Three Corpuses (Bodies) of a Buddha. An empowerment also plants new seeds, or potentials, that will likewise grow in the same manner. The term is often translated as "initiation."

Tib: dbangSkt: abhishekha

Ermächtigung, geheime

empowerment, secret

See: secret empowerment

Ermächtigung, vierte

empowerment, fourth

See: fourth empowerment

Ermächtigung des tiefen unterscheidenden tiefen Gewahrseins

empowerment, discriminating deep awareness

See: discriminating deep awareness empowerment

Ermächtigung des Vajra-tiefen Gewahrseins

empowerment, vajra deep awareness

See: vajra deep awareness empowerment

Ermächtigung des Wortes

empowerment, word

See: word empowerment

Errungenschaft, verwirklichte / Erlangung, verwirklichte

attainment, actual

See: actual attainment

erscheinen

dawn

A verb used for the arising of a cognitive appearance on a mental continuum, in analogy with the sun rising at dawn, except that the cognitive appearance is not already existing somewhere hidden in the mind in some unconscious manner and then comes up to consciousness when it dawns. Also translated as "to arise."

A pathway of mahamudra practice concerning the nature of the mind in which specially qualified disciples receive the inspiration of the realizations all the lineage masters through receiving a vajra deep awareness empowerment and thereby achieve realization of mind-itself, equivalent to a seeing pathway mind. As "those for whom it happens all at once," they achieve enlightenment simultaneously with this realization. Also known as "the singular sufficient white panacea."

Rules, codified by Buddha for those who are ordained, concerning which actions constitute a breach of their vows. One of the twelve scriptural categories.

Tib: gleng-bzhiSkt: nidana

ethische Selbstdisziplin

ethical self-discipline

(1) In Theravada, the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to avoid doing any harm to others, by keeping one's vows, free from anger or ill-will even if others harm one. (2) In Mahayana, the mental urge to safeguard the actions of one's body, speech, and mind, which comes from having turned one's mind away from any wish to cause harm to others and from the disturbing and destructive mental factors that had motivated one to harm others. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude.

Tib: tshul-khrimsSkt: shila

ethisch neutral

ethically neutral

See: unspecified phenomenon

ethisch nicht näher bezeichnet

ethically unspecified

See: unspecified phenomenon

etwas, das die wirkliche Natur besitzt

something possessing the actual nature

See: property-possessor

Existenz, die durch Selbstnatur begründet ist

existence established by self-nature

Existence of something established or proven by the fact that the referent object of the imputation of it can be found upon searching for it. For example, the existence of a table established or proven by the fact that when one searches for the object that the mental label "table" refers to, one can find the object, a "table." Also translated as "self-established existence," it is often translated by others as "inherent existence."

Tib: rang-bzhin-gyis grub-pa

Existenz, inhärente

existence, inherent

See: existence established by self-nature

Existenz, wahre

existence, true

See: true existence

Existenzbereiche, sechs

realms of existence, six

See: six realms of existence

Existenz vor dem Tode

predeath existence

The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being starting from the moment immediately after conception until the moment immediately before death.

Tib: sngon-dus-kyi srid-pa

Existierende

existents

Validly knowable phenomena.

Tib: yod-pa

existierendes Phänomen

existent phenomenon

See: existents

explizites Begreifen

explicit apprehension

In the Gelug system, apprehension of a cognitive object in which a cognitive appearance (mental hologram) of the involved object of the cognition arises. Compare: implicit apprehension.

Tib: dngos-su rtogs-pa

explizite Wahrnehmung

explicit cognition

See: explicit apprehension

explizit hinweisende Bedeutung

explicit suggestive meaning

One of the six alternative meanings. When an expression in a root tantra text has two dissimilar meanings, the literal, evident, or face value meaning of the expression. It suggests or leads one on to the second meaning (the implicit suggested meaning), which is dissimilar to what is actually said on face value.

Tib: drang-donSkt: neyartha

extreme Auffassung

extreme outlook

The disturbing attitude that regards one's five samsara-perpetuating aggregates in either an eternalist or nihilistic way. (1) According to Vasubandhu, an extreme outlook that views the samsara-producing aggregate factors themselves as either lasting eternally or ending totally at death, with no continuity in future lives. (2) According to Tsongkhapa, a disturbing, deluded discriminating awareness that focuses on the conventional "me" and considers it either as having a truly existent identity permanently or as not having continuity in future lives.

Tib: mthar-'dzin-pa'i lta-baSkt: antagrahadrshti

extrem kraftvoll

forceful

Using extremely strong actions or methods, such as yelling at someone or hitting someone, in order to make the person stop doing something harmful. Forceful methods are used only when all other methods to make the person stop have failed or are impossible in the situation. Some translators render the term as "wrathful," but this has an inappropriate connotation, since "wrathful," in English, is used for the Old Testament God, who, when people disobey Him, gets angry and punishes them.

Tib: drag-po

extrem verschleiertes Phänomen

extremely obscure phenomenon

A validly knowable phenomenon that can be apprehended through authoritative texts or speech, such as the enlightening words of the Buddha, or that can be apprehended through the words of persons who are valid sources of information.

Tib: shin-tu lkog-gyur

fabelhafte Berichte

fabulous accounts

Descriptions of such marvelous, wondrous things as the wisdom, extra-physical powers and saintly deeds of the Buddhas, pratyekabuddhas (self-realizers), and shravakas (listeners). One of the twelve scriptural categories.

Tib: rmad-du byung-baSkt: adbhutadharma

Fabrikation, getrennt von geistiger

fabrication, parted from mental

See: state parted from mental fabrication

fade und wirkungslos

flat

One's Dharma practice is flat when it is going nowhere, when it is not taking one anywhere. There is nothing lively in it anymore. "Flat" is usually used for sparkling water (soda water) or beer, when there are no more bubbles.

The influencing nature of pure awareness (rigpa) - namely, that it responds to others effortlessly and spontaneously with compassionate communication. See: responsive awareness.

Tib: thugs-rje

Fahrzeug

vehicle

See: vehicle of mind

Fahrzeug des Geistes

vehicle of mind

A level of state of mind that acts as either (1) a vehicle for bringing one to the spiritual goal of either liberation or enlightenment, or (2) the resultant goal of liberation or enlightenment to which one is brought.

Tib: theg-paSkt: yana

falsche Ansicht

false view

See: deluded outlook

falsche Ansicht

wrong view

See: distorted outlook

falsche Ansicht

wrong views, sixty-two

See: sixty-two wrong views

falscher Lebenserwerb / falsche Methode des Lebenserwerbs

wrong livelihood

A dishonest means of earning a livelihood or procuring offerings.

Tib: log-'tsho

Fehlen der Einflussvariabeln einer Handlung

lack of an action’s affecting variables

The voidness or total lack of true existence of the three affecting variables (three circles) involved with any action: an act to be done, an agent and an action that occurs.

Tib: mngon-par ‘du-byed med-pa

Fehlen von Anzeichen

lack of a sign

The voidness or total lack of truly existent causes for any phenomenon; literally, the lack of any sign of truly existent causes from which a phenomenon arose.

A set of forty-six actions that one vows to avoid and which, if committed, would be detrimental to one's practice of either one of the six far-reaching attitudes or to one's benefiting others. Also called: secondary bodhisattva vows.

Tib: nyes-byas

Feindseligkeit

hostility

A subcategory of anger: anger directed primarily, although not exclusively, at limited beings. One of the three poisonous emotions and attitudes. See: anger.

Tib: zhe-sdangSkt: dvesha

Feind-Zerstörer

foe-destroyer

See: arhat

feinstoffliche Winde

subtle winds

See: subtle energy-winds

fest

concrete

Solid, like cement -- a nontechnical term used to describe something with truly established findable existence.

(1) According to Asanga, the mental factor (subsidiary awareness) that focuses on a fact that one has validly ascertained to be like this and not like that, and which makes one's belief that a fact is true so firm that others' arguments or opinions will not dissuade one. (2) According to Vasubandhu, the term means "regard": the mental factor that takes its object to have some level of good qualities – on the spectrum from no good qualities to all good qualities – and may be either accurate or distorted.

A tantric ritual, performed mostly upon completion of a mantra-recitation retreat of a Buddha-figure for which one has received an empowerment, during which one tosses into a fire a large number of specific substances, accompanied by elaborate visualizations. It is mostly performed in order to purify any mistakes one has made during the retreat.

Tib: sbyin-sreg

Filigranschmuck

filigree

A piece of jewelry made of fine, intricately intertwined wires. A word used in the titles of many Buddhist texts to indicate that the subject matter is presented in a manner resembling a filigree, in which the various topics are intricately intertwined, resulting in a beautiful, elegant presentation of the material. Usually translated by others as "ornament."

Tib: rgyanSkt: alamkara

fixierende Meditation

fixating meditation

See: stabilizing meditation

Flatterhaftigkeit, geistige

flightiness, mental

See: flightiness of mind

Flatterhaftigkeit des Geistes / geistige Flatterhaftigkeit

flightiness of mind

The mental factor with which the mind wanders to an object of attraction, due to desire for it or attachment, and which faults the mental abiding of mindfulness's mental hold on an object of focus. Sometimes translated as "mental agitation."

Tib: rgod-pa

Fleck / Makel

stain

Something that obscures the Buddha-nature factors, preventing them from being fully realized.

Tib: dri-ma

fleischliches Auge, außersinnliches

flesh eye, extrasensory

See: extrasensory flesh eye

flüchtiger Makel

fleeting stain

An emotional or cognitive obscuration that temporarily obscures the realization of Buddha-nature.

Tib: glo-bur-gyi dri-ma

fokale Bedingung

focal condition

An external phenomenon that presents an aspect of itself to be an object of cognition, and thus serves as a condition giving rise to a sensory cognition of it.

Tib: dmigs-rkyenSkt: alambanapratyaya

Fokus, deutlicher

focus, sharp

See: sharp focus

Formen physische Phänomene

forms of physical phenomena

Nonstatic phenomena that can either (1) transform into another form of physical phenomenon when two or more of them come into contact with each other, such as water and earth which can transform into mud, or (2) be known as what they are by analyzing their directional parts, such as the sight of a vase seen in a dream. Forms of physical phenomena include the nonstatic phenomena of forms and eye sensors, sounds and ear sensors, smells and nose sensors, tastes and tongue sensors, phyiscal sensations and body sensors, and forms of physical phenomena included only among cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena. Equivalent to the aggregate of forms of physical phenomena.

forms of physical phenomena included (only) among the cognitive stimulators that are (all) phenomena

Forms of physical phenomena that are not knowable by sensory consciousness, but are only knowable by mental consciousness. These include (1) those that make up other things by amassing together, (2) those existing in actual situations, (3) those arising from clearly taking them on, (4) totally imaginary forms, and (5) those arising from gaining control over the elements.

forms of physical phenomena that make up other things by amassing together

Forms of physical phenomena included only among the cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena and which are the invisible objects, such as atoms and subatomic particles, that make up visible objects.

Forms of physical phenomena included only among the cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena and which are acquired on a mental continuum, such as the nonrevealing forms of vows and of karmic actions.

The type of subtle phenomena that the body of an arhat in a pure land is: although still included among cognitive stimulators that are forms of physical phenomena, they are visible only to the eye consciousness of arhats in pure lands. Although they are not ways of being aware of anything, their functional nature is similar to that of forms of physical phenomena that can be known only by mental consciousness. Synonymous with "mental bodies."

Tib: yid-kyi rang-bzhin gyi gzugs

Formen physischer Phänomene, vollkommen imaginäre

forms of physical phenomena, totally imaginary

See: totally imaginary forms of physical phenomena

Formen physischer Phänomene die in wirklichen Situationen existieren

forms of physical phenomena existing in actual situations

Forms of physical phenomena included only among the cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena and which are spaces that are in between objects and either too large or too small to be seen, such as the space in between astronomical bodies or in between atoms.

Tib: mngon-par skabs yod-pa'i gzugs

Formkörper

Body of Forms

See: Corpus of Forms

formloser Bereich

formless realm

See: plane of formless beings

Freiheit von Selbst

selflessness

See: lack of an impossible "soul"

frei von etwas/ ohne/ bar einer Sache/ leer

devoid

Totally lacking something, in the sense that something never has in the past, never does in the present, and never will in the future possess a certain characteristic, whether that characteristic is a possibly existing one or an impossible one.

Tib: stong

freudige Ausdauer

joyful perseverance

(1) In Mahayana, the mental urge that leads one to have zestful vigor for being constructive, without becoming lazy. With this mental factors, one takes joy in being constructive. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude. (2) For Theravada, see: "perseverance."

Tib: brtson-'grusSkt: virya

freudige Ausdauer, Rüstungs-gleiche

joyful perseverance, armor-like

See: armor-like joyful perseverance

frisch und rein

fresh and clean

Arising anew in each moment without being stained by any mental constructs -- descriptive of pure awareness (rig-pa) in the dzogchen systems.

Tib: so-ma

fühlendes Wesen

sentient being

See: limited being

fünf Aggregate

five aggregates

See: five aggregate factors

fünf Aggregat-Faktoren

five aggregate factors

The five networks that constitute all the nonstatic phenomena that could make up each moment of the mental continuum of each limited being: the aggregates of (1) forms of physical phenomena, (2) feelings of levels of happiness, (3) distinguishing, (4) other affecting variables, and (5) primary consciousnesses.

Tib: phung-po lngaSkt: pancaskandha

fünf Arten des tiefen Gewahrseins

five types of deep awareness

Five types of principal awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The five are (1) mirror-like, (2) equalizing, (3) individualizing, and (4) accomplishing deep awareness, and (5) deep awareness of reality. Some translators render this term as "five Buddha-wisdoms." Compare: "deep awareness" (1).

(I) In some presentations, (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), (3) Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything (Jnanadharmakaya), (4) Corpus of Essential Nature of a Buddha (Svabhavakaya), and Vajra Corpus (Vajrakaya) of a Buddha. (II) In other presentations, (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), (3) Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything (Jnanadharmakaya), (4) Corpus of Essential Nature (Svabhavakaya), and Corpus of Great Bliss (Mahasukhakaya) of a Buddha. (III) In other presentations, (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), (3) Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything (Jnanadharmakaya), (4) Corpus of Essential Nature (Svabhavakaya), and (5) Corpus of Deep Awareness' Enlightening Influence of a Buddha. (IV) In yet other systems, (1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), (3) Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything (Jnanadharmakaya), (4) Vajra Corpus (Vajrakaya), and (5) Corpus of Manifest Enlightenment (Abhisambhodhikaya) of a Buddha.

Tib: sku-lnga

fünf Schleier

five obscurations

A set of five mental factors that prevent the attainment of the three higher trainings, in ethical self-discipline, absorbed concentration, and discriminating awareness. According to Nagarjuna's Letter to a Friend, (1) flightiness of mind and regret, (2) foggy-mindedness, (3) indecisive wavering, (4) intentions toward sensory objects, and (5) malice. According to the Kalachakra Tantra, (1) regret, (2) foggy-mindedness, (3) sleepiness, (4) flightiness of mind, and (5) indecisive wavering. Also called: five obstacles.

Tib: sgrib-pa lnga

funktionelle Natur

functional nature

The nature of a phenomenon defined in terms of the function that the phenomenon performs.

Tib: rang-bzhin

Gabe / Opfer der ureigensten Natur der Realität

offering of the very nature of reality

Offering of a nonconceptual cognition of voidness with a blissful awareness or of one's nonconceptual blissful cognition of voidness together with one's appearance as an illusory body.

Tib: de-kho-na-nyid mchod-pa

Gabe / Opfergabe

offering

Something presented, with respect and the intention to bring happiness and benefit, to someone else.

Tib: mchod-pa

Gabe / Opfergabe, äußere

offering, outer

See: outer offerings

Gabe / Opfergabe, innere

offering, inner

See: inner offering

Gabe / Opfergabe des Samadhi

offerings of samadhi

See: offerings of absorbed concentration

Gabe / Opfergaben der tiefen Konzentration

offerings of absorbed concentration

Offerings made of various aspects of one's Dharma practice, visualized in the form of the outer offerings. Also called: offerings of samadhi.

Tib: ting-nge-'dzin-gyi mchod-pa

Geben und Nehmen

giving and taking

With love, giving one's happiness to others, and with compassion, taking on their suffering. Often practiced with visualizations and in coordination with the breath, this is a practice done in conjunction with exchanging one's attitudes about self with others. Often called by the Tibetan term "tonglen."

(1) In Theravada, the mental factor of not becoming angry at others' shortcomings, mistakes, or cruel deeds. (2) In Mahayana, the mental urge that leads one to be unperturbed by those who do harm and by suffering, so that one never becomes angry. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, patience becomes a far-reaching attitude.

Tib: bzod-paSkt: kshanti

Gefühl der körperlichen und geistigen Leistungsfähigkeit

sense of physical and mental fitness

See: sense of fitness

Gefühl der Leistungsfähigkeit

sense of fitness

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of feeling totally fit to do something, and which is both exhilarating and blissful, physically and mentally, but in a nondisturbing way.

Tib: shin-sbyangs

Gegengötter

antigods

See: would-be divine

geheimes Mandala

secret mandala

The offering of a blissful awareness, or of a nonconceptual blissful awareness of voidness with a clear-light mind. Also called: hidden mandala.

Tib: gsang-ba'i dkyil-'khor

geheimes Opfer

secret offering

See: hidden offering

Geist

mind

The cognitive activity of merely giving rise to an appearance or mental hologram of something knowable and cognitively engaging with it.

Tib: semsSkt: chitta

Geist, der sie aufnimmt / der sie im Geist hält

objects taken and minds that take them

See: consciousness that takes objects and objects taken by consciousness

A state of mind that, in addition to being stilled and settled (shamatha), is accompanied by an additional sense of fitness -- the subsidiary awareness of feeling totally fit to discern and understand fully the subtle details of anything. Vipashyana is not necessarily focused on voidness or on the four noble truths, although most commonly in sutra it is. Other translators render the term as "special insight."

Tib: lhag-mthongSkt: vipashyana

Geisteszustand von außergewöhnlicher Wahrnehmungsfähigkeit

mind, exceptionally perceptive state of

See: exceptionally perceptive state of mind

geistig Aufnehmen

taking to mind

See: attention

Tib: yid-la byed-pa

geistige Ableitung

mental derivative

(A) In Gelug, except in the case of Chittamatra and Yogachara Svatantrika: (1) In sensory nonconceptual cognition, a fully transparent appearing object, which is a mental aspect, similar to a mental hologram of an external objective entity, through which that external entity is directly cognized also as an appearing object of the cognition. (2) In conceptual cognition, a static conceptual category that is mentally constructed from all individual objective entities that fit into it and thus is a semitransparent, static, metaphysical entity. It is the appearing object through which a fully transparent mental representation of a specific objective entity is cognized. (B) In non-Gelug, except in the case of Chittamatra: (1) In sensory nonconceptual cognition, the opaque, directly cognized appearing object, which is a mental aspect similar to a mental hologram of an external objective entity that the cognition indirectly cognizes as its focal object, but not as an additional appearing object. (2) In conceptual cognition, a conceptually isolated item, an opaque metaphysical entity that stands for the mentally synthesized commonsense object and category in the cognition and which is the appearing object of the cognition.

Tib: gzugs-bsnyanSkt: pratibimba

geistige Abschweifung / Abschweifung

mental wandering

A subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that causes the mind to lose concentration and to go on and on, uncontrollably from one object to another, due to any reason.

Tib: rnam-g.yeng

geistige Aktivität, subtilste

mind, subtlest

See: clear light awareness

Geistige Aktivität des klaren Lichts

clear light mental activity

See: clear light awareness

geistige Artsynthese

kind mental synthesis

The type of phenomenon that a specific individual item is an instance of, such as "a table" imputed on a specific instance of something having legs and a flat surface. This is equivalent to the conventional identity of something.

Tib: rigs-spyi

geistige Artsynthese

mental synthesis, kind

See: kind mental synthesis

geistige Beständigkeit

mental constancy

See: mental stability

geistige Darstellung / geistige Repräsentation

mental representation

Something that appears in a conceptual cognition. (1) In Gelug, a static, fully transparent conceptually isolated item through which the cognition cognizes the external object that the hologram resembles; equivalent to a mental aspect. (2) In non-Gelug, a static, partially transparent mentally synthesized commonsense object and category through which the cognition cognizes a conceptually isolated item (a mental aspect) that stands for a commonsense object.

Tib: snang-ba

geistige Fabrikation

mental fabrication

An appearance of truly established existence that mental activity in a conceptual cognition produces and projects due to the habits of grasping for truly established existence.

Tib: spros-paSkt: prapanca

geistige Flatterhaftigkeit

mental flightiness

See: flightiness of mind

geistige Konstrukte

mental construct

See: mental fabrication

geistige Objektsynthese

mental synthesis, object

See: object mental synthesis

geistige Objektsynthese

object mental synthesis

(1) The conceptual category of a commonsense object, such as a table, used when thinking of, verbalizing, imagining (visualizing), or remembering a commonsense object. (2) A specific commonsense object as a conceptual category into which fit all moments of anyone's mental or sensory cognition of any amount of parts of any of its sensibilia.

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that causes the mental activity to face an object or to go in its direction. In general, it moves a mental continuum to cognitively take an object. It is equivalent to mental karma and, according to Sautrantika, Chittamatra, Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, and the non-Gelug Prasangika-Madhyamaka schools, it is equivalent to physical and verbal karmas as well.

Tib: sems-paSkt: cetana

geistiger Impuls

mental impulse

See: karma

geistiger Körper

mental body

The type of body that arhats in pure lands have. See: forms of physical phenomena having the functional nature of mind.

A nonstatic mental hologram, asserted by all Indian Buddhist tenet systems other than Vaibhashika, that is a likeness of an object of cognition, and which both conceptual and nonconceptual mental activity produces in order to cognize the object; the "mental shape" of the appearing object of a cognition. (1) According to Gelug, except in the case of Chittamatra and Yogachara Svatantrika, they are fully transparent so that through them, one directly cognizes external objects. (2) According to non-Gelug, they are opaque and thus allow only indirect cognition of external objects.

Tib: rnam-paSkt: akara

geistiges Festhalten

mental hold

The aspect of a cognition that describes the level of strength of maintenance of attention on the focal object, without letting go of it. Also translated as "mental glue," it is established by the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of mindfulness and has two aspects: mental abiding and appearance-making.

Tib: 'dzin-cha

geistiges Fixieren

mental fixation

The mental factor (subsidiary awareness) of maintaining mental placement on any object of cognition taken by any type of cognition, including sensory cognition. Also called "mentally fixating" and "concentration," it accompanies all cognitions and varies in intensity from very weak to very strong. When perfected, it becomes "absorbed concentration."

Tib: ting-nge-'dzinSkt: samadhi

geistiges Kontinuum

mental continuum

The stream of continuity of mental activity (mind, awareness) of an individual being, which has no beginning, which continues even into Buddhahood, and, according to Mahayana, has no end. According to the Hinayana tenets, it comes to an end when an arhat or Buddha dies at the end of the lifetime in which the person attains liberation or enlightenment. Also called a "mind-stream."

Tib: sems-rgyudSkt: santana

geistige Spiegelung / geistige Wiederspiegelung

mental reflection

See: mental derivative

geistige Stabilität

mental stability

Single-pointed placement of the mind on any constructive focal object, without any mental wandering -- a stable state of mind that is not only free of flightiness and dullness, but is also not distracted by any disturbing emotion of the plane of sensory desires. In Mahayana, when conjoined with bodhichitta, a far-reaching attitude. Some translators render the term as "concentration."

Tib: bsam-gtanSkt: dhyana

geistige Synthese

mental synthesis

The imputation of a conceptual category in which the bases for imputation are the individual sensibilia of a commonsense object, the parts of any of the sensibilia of a commonsense object, the moments in the continuum of a commonsense object, or items sharing a common defining characteristic. Synonymous with "conceptual category" and "category."

Tib: spyi

geistige Trägheit

mental dullness

A mental factor (subsidiary awareness) faulting the appearance-making of mindfulness's mental hold on an object of focus. Some translators render the term as "sinking."

Tib: bying-ba

geistige Umnebelung

foggy-mindedness

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of a heavy feeling of body and mind that makes the mind unclear, unserviceable, and incapable either of giving rise to a cognitive appearance of its object or of apprehending the object correctly.

Tib: rmugs-pa

geistig Fixieren

mentally fixating

See: mental fixation

geistig konstruierte Synthese

mentally constructed synthesis

See: mental synthesis

geistig weitreichend, weitreichend-gesonnen

vast-minded

An adjective used to describe a Mahayana practice, practitioner, person, aim, or motivation. It implies something that involves a mind that is aimed at the vastest goal (enlightenment) for the vastest number of beings (everyone).

Geist selbst, der

mind-itself

In the Kagyu and Nyingma systems, the deepest nature of the mind.

Tib: sems-nyid

gelassen beruhigter und zur Ruhe gekommener Geist

serenely stilled and settled state of mind

See: stilled and settled state of mind

gelobte Enthaltung / Einschränkung / Zurückhaltung

vowed restraint

See: vow

Gelübde

vow

(1) In the Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Madhyamaka schools other than Gelug Prasangika, the subsidiary awareness (mental factor) to restrain from a certain type of detrimental behavior, which, during a specific ceremony, one has formally promised to restrain from. (2) In the Vaibhashika and Gelug-Prasangika systems, a non-revealing form on a person's mental continuum that performs the same function as in (1) by shaping one's behavior.

A spiritual mentor who has kept one or more of the sets of pratimoksha vows purely for a certain number of years and who confers on disciples one of the sets of pratimoksha vows that he or she has kept purely.

Gelug

Gelug

One of the New Translation traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, deriving from the reforms made by Tsongkhapa.

A nonobstructive unspecified item conjoined with the mental continuum of a limited being, such as the body, consciousness, and feelings of happiness and unhappiness, and which comes from a ripening cause that was also conjoined with his or her mental continuum.

Tib: rnam-smin-gyi 'bras-buSkt: vipakaphalam

gereinigter Zustand

purified state

The state of a shravaka arhat, pratyekabuddha arhat, or a Buddha, in which the mental continuum of the person attaining this state has been purified of either the emotional obscurations or both the emotional and the cognitive obscurations.

Tib: byang-chubSkt: bodhi

Geschick bezüglich der Mittel

skill in means

The special discriminating awareness concerning the most effective and appropriate internal methods for actualizing the Buddha's teachings and the most effective and appropriate external methods for making limited beings ripe for attaining liberation and enlightenment. In Mahayana, when conjoined with a bodhichitta, the seventh of the ten far-reaching attitudes.

Tib: thabs-mkhasSkt: upayakaushalya

geschickte Mittel

skillful means

See: skill in means

Geschmacksbewusstsein

consciousness, tongue

See: tongue consciousness

Gesegnete, der/ der Heilige

Blessed One

See: Vanquishing Master Surpassing All

Geshe

geshe

(1) In the Kadam tradition, a title given to a spiritual mentor and friend, especially those that are masters of attitude-training (lojong). (2) In the Gelug tradition, a title given to those who have completed the monastic education system.

A constructive emotion that focuses on something existent and validly knowable, something with good qualities, or an actual potential, and considers it either existent or true, or considers a fact about it as true. Some translators render the term as "faith."

The relationship between two facts about the same attribute of a phenomenon. In a sense, the two facts are referring to the same phenomenon from two points of view. The two facts may be naturally inseparable, such as the two truths about the phenomenon, or they may constitute a joined inseparability arising from the power of meditation, such as a blissful awareness and an awareness of voidness. Some translators render the term as "one by nature."

Tib: ngo-bo gcig

Gleichmut

equanimity

(1) The mental factor (subsidiary awareness) of having an equal attitude toward everyone. (2) In Theravada, when conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, the tenth of the ten far-reaching attitudes -- the attitude with which one does not expect anything in return for one's help, being indifferent to pleasure and pain, and to any benefit or harm one might receive.

Tib: btang-snyomsSkt: upeksha

Gleichmut, bloßer

equanimity, mere

See: mere equanimity

gleichsetzendes tiefes Gewahrsein

equalizing deep awareness

One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness that is aware of several items as belonging equally to the same category, or as fitting into the same pattern. Also called: deep awareness of the equality of things.

Two items simultaneously arise if, when one of them arises or happens, the other does also, at the same time. The two items may arise simultaneously either naturally or through the power of meditation. Also called: innate.

Tib: lhan-skyesSkt: sahaja

gleichzeitig wirkende Bedingung

simultaneously acting condition

An item that must exist prior to the arising of something and which assists in making the arising happen, but which does not transform into what arises, for instance water for a sprout.

Tib: lhan-cig byed-pa'i rkyenSkt: sahakaripratyaya

Glieder, die sich aus dem Realisierten ergeben

resultant links of what is actualized

In the twelve links of dependent arising, the two links of conception and aging and dying in a future rebirth thrown by the activated karmic aftermath of throwing karma.

Tib: mngon-par grub-pa'i 'bras-bu'i yan-lag

Glorreiche, der

Triumphant One

An epithet of a Buddha - one who has triumphed over the emotional and cognitive obscurations. Some translators render the term as "Victorious One."

(1) An offering of a liquid, most commonly alcohol, made usually to a Dharma protector and ideally offered in a golden bowl. (2) The ritual that accompanies this offering.

Tib: gser-skyems

Götterwesen

being, divine

See: divine being

Götterwesen

divine being

A limited (sentient) being in the rebirth state that, out of the six states of rebirth, has the least amount of suffering. This class of being includes some that are on the plane of sensory desires, and all beings on the plane of ethereal forms and the plane of formless beings. Also called a "god."

Tib: lhaSkt: deva

Gottheit, kraftvolle

deity, forceful

See: forceful deity

göttliches Auge, außersinnliches

divine eye, extrasensory

See: extrasensory divine eye

göttliches Ohr, außersinnliches

divine ear, extrasensory

See: extrasensory divine ear

Greifen nach wahrer Existenz

grasping for truly established existence

(1) Both to cognize (literally, take as a cognitive object) the appearance of the world as having truly established existence, which the habits of this grasping cause the mind to fabricate and project, as well as believing this deceptive appearance to correspond to how things actually exist, (2) simply cognizing the appearance of the world as having truly established existence, without actually believing this deceptive appearance to correspond to how things actually exist. Gelug asserts both definitions, while non-Gelug asserts only the first. Abbreviated as "grasping for true existence."

Tib: bden-'dzinSkt: satyagraha

grobes Feststellen

gross detection

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that investigates something roughly, such as detecting if there are mistakes on a page. According to Asanga, one of the four changeable subsidiary awarenesses. Also translated as "investigation."

Tib: rtog-pa

grobe Unbeständigkeit

gross impermanence

The final destruction or disintegration of a nonstatic phenomenon.

Tib: mi-rtag-pa rags-pa

große Liebe

great love

The wish for everyone to be happy and to have the causes for happiness.

Tib: byams-pa chen-poSkt: mahamaitri

großes Annäherungsretreat

great approximation retreat

A three-year, three-month retreat focusing exclusively on one Buddha-figure (deity) system, in which one recites tens of millions of mantras and makes millions of offerings in fire pujas.

(1) In Theravada, the mental factor of wishing to give material things to all beings, so that they may be happy, without investigating whether or not they are worthy to receive them. (2) In Mahayana, the mental urge that leads one to wish to give to others all that is one's own – one's body, material wealth, and the roots of one's constructive actions. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude. Also translated as "giving."

Phenomena that can be the objects of valid cognition. Synonymous with "existents."

Tib: shes-bya

gültige Wahnehmung

valid cognition

(1) According to Gelug Sautrantika, Gelug Chittamatra, and Gelug Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, a fresh, nonfallacious cognition. (2) According to Gelug Prasangika and all tenet systems according to non-Gelug, a nonfallacious cognition.

Tib: tshad-maSkt: pramana

Guru, Hingabe zum

devotion, guru

See: guru devotion

Güte / gütige Handlung

kindness

A beneficial action that is of help to others.

Tib: drin

gute Eigenschaften

good qualities

Helpful aspects or beneficial talents of a person that are corrections of inadequacies.

Tib: yon-tanSkt: guna

Güte erinnern

kindness, remembering

See: remembering kindness

Güte erinnern

remembering kindness

Remembering the kindness of motherly love, remembering all the beneficial things that all beings have shown us when they were our mothers. The second of the six part cause and effect quintessence teaching for developing bodhichitta.

Tib: drin-dran

Güte zurückgeben

kindness, repaying

See: repaying kindness

Güte zurückgeben

repaying kindness

Appreciating the beneficial things that all beings have shown us when they were our mothers and wishing to benefit them in return. The third of the seven part cause and effect quintessence teaching for developing bodhichitta.

Tib: drin-gso

Handlung, fehlerhafte

action, faulty

See: faulty actions

Handlung, karmische

action, karmic

See: karmic action

Handlung, natürlicherweise destruktive nicht lobenswerte

action, naturally destructive uncommendable

See: naturally uncommendable action

Handlung, nicht lobenswerte

action, uncommendable

See: uncommendable action

Handlung, schwerwiegende

action, thick

See: thick actions

Handlung, verbotene nicht lobenswerte

action, prohibited uncommendable

See: prohibited uncommendable action

Hauptgewahrsein

principal awareness

Within a cognition, an awareness that consists of the composite of a primary consciousness and its accompanying set of subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors). The principal awareness is the way of being aware of the object of the cognition that is prominent and which characterizes the type of cognition that it is occurring -- for example, relative bodhichitta and the deep awareness of total absorption on voidness.

Tib: gtso-sems

heilig

hallowed

Pure and worthy of the highest respect; sacred.

Tib: dam-pa

herbeiführende Aggregate

obtaining aggregates

Aggregate factors of a limited being that include the causes that will obtain for that being further samsaric rebirth.

Tib: nyer-len-gyi phung-po

herbeiführende Emotion

obtainer emotion

Equivalent to obtainer desire.

herbeiführende Geisteshaltung

obtainer attitude

A general term coined to refer to the last three "obtainers" that constitute the ninth link of dependent arising: (1) an obtainer deluded outlook, (2) holding deluded morality or conduct as supreme, and (3) asserting one's identity.

herbeiführendes Begehren

obtainer desire

The mental factor (subsidiary awareness) of longing desire specifically for some desirable sensory object on the plane of sensory desires. See: longing desire. Equivalent to the obtainer emotion, it is the first of the four "obtainers" that constitute the ninth link of dependent arising.

Tib: 'dod-pa nye-bar len-pa

herbeiführende Ursache

obtaining cause

The cause from which a result is obtained and which transforms into the result. For example, a seed is the obtaining cause for a sprout, and a network of positive force (a collection of merit) is the obtaining cause for a Corpus of Forms (Form Body) of a Buddha. Some translators render the term as "material cause," but this term does not refer to the physical elements that make up something.

Tib: nyer-len-gyi rgyuSkt: upadanahetu

herbeiführende verblendete Auffassung

obtainer deluded outlook

A set of three disturbing deluded outlooks on life that constitute the second of the four "obtainers" that constitute the ninth link of dependent arising: (1) a distorted outlook, (2) an extreme outlook, (3) holding a deluded outlook as supreme.

Tib: lta-ba nye-bar len-pa

Herbeiführer

obtainer

A set of four disturbing emotions and disturbing attitudes: (1) obtainer desire, (2) an obtainer deluded outlook, (3) holding deluded morality or conduct as supreme, and (4) asserting one's identity, and which, when occurring at the time of death, constitute the ninth link of dependent arising.

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) with which one has a feeling of closeness and warmth toward anyone one meets.

Tib: yid-'ong byams-pa

himmlische Musiker

heavenly musician

See: those who sustain themselves on fragrances

Hinayana

Hinayana

Literally, a "Modest Vehicle of Mind" -- levels and states of mind with a modest motivation - renunciation - and, with modest methods, lead to the modest goal of liberation. Some translators render the term as "Lesser Vehicle."

According to Asanga, a set of five subsidiary awarenesses that accompany every moment of cognition: feeling a level of happiness, distinguishing, an urge, contacting awareness, and paying attention or taking to mind.

Tib: kun-'gro

implizierendes Negierungs-Phänomen

implicative negation phenomenon

An exclusion of something else in which, after the sounds of the words that exclude the object to be negated have negated that object, they leave behind in their wake, explicitly or implicitly, something else. Some translators render the term as "affirming negation."

Tib: ma-yin dgag

implizierte Objekte / angedeutete Objekte

implied object

See: conceptualized object

implizites Begreifen

implicit apprehension

In the Gelug system, apprehension of a cognitive object in which a cognitive appearance (mental hologram) of the involved object itself does not arise; only a cognitive appearance of the basis for imputation of the involved object arises. Compare: explicit apprehension.

Tib: shugs-la rtogs-pa

implizit hingewiesene Bedeutung

implicit suggested meaning

One of the six alternative meanings. When an expression in a root tantra text has two dissimilar meanings, the meaning that is dissimilar to the literal, evident, or face value meaning of the expression. It is the meaning suggested by the literal (explicit suggestive) meaning and to which one is led by that literal meaning.

Tib: nges-donSkt: nitartha

Impuls, geistiger

impulse, mental

See: karma

Impuls, karmischer

impulse, karmic

See: karma

Impuls, weiter zu existieren

further existence impulse

See: karmic impulse that actualizes a further existence

Impulse, beeinflussende

impulses, affecting

See: link of affecting impulses

indirekte Wahrnehmung

indirect cognition

According to the non-Gelug presentation, the type of cognition that a present moment of sensory consciousness has of the immediately preceding moment of an external sense object, which no longer exists. Compare: direct cognition.

Something findable on the side of an object that establishes the identity or features of that object and which serves as the basis for that object being labeled by the names, words, and concepts for it, as well as for its qualities.

Tib: rang-gi mtshan-nyidSkt: svalakshana

inhärent

inherent

The English word "inherent" means something inside an object that is there by means of the nature of that object, It is used in Buddhism to mean something inside an object, by nature of that object, which, by its own power, establishes that the object exists in general and exists specifically as "this" or "that."

inhärente Existenz

inherent existence

See: existence established by self-nature

Tib: bden-grub

Initiation

initiation

See: empowerment

inneres Mandala

inner mandala

A world-system represented by parts of the human body and used as an object of offering.

Tib: nang-gi dkyil-'khor

inneres Opfer

inner offering

An offering made of the flesh of various animals and various bodily fluids and wastes, representing either the five tainted aggregates and five bodily elements or the ten energy-winds, and which are specially "elevated" and transformed into pure nectar.

Tib: nang-mchod

innewohnend

innate

See: simultaneously arising

in seinen eigenen Ort hinein auflösen

dissolves into its own place

See: releases into its own place

in seinen eigenen Ort hinein auflösen

release itself in its own place

See: automatically releases itself in its own place

Inspiration

inspiration

(1) A transformation that someone or something confers, literally by means of a "brightening," into a state of heightened power and ability resembling the position or status of the person or thing that confers it. (2) In the meaning of "elevation," transformation of one's body, speech, and mind, or offering substances, into pure aspects, done during a tantric ritual. Some translators render the term as "blessing."

Tib: byin-gyis rlabsSkt: adhishthana

Intellekt

intellect

The mental activity that gives rise to conceptual cognition -- most commonly, to verbal conceptual thought.

Tib: blo

Intelligenz

intelligence

The ability to discriminate between what is correct and what is incorrect, and between what is helpful and what is harmful.

Tib: blo-gros

Interesse / Besorgnis / Fürsorge

concern

See: caring attitude

Jenang

jenang

See: subsequent permission

Jnana-Dharmakaya

Jnana-dharmakaya

See: deep awareness Dharmakaya

Jnanamudra

jnanamudra

See: sealing partner for deep awareness

Kadam-Schule

Kadam

One of the New Translation Period traditions of Tibetan Buddhism, deriving from Atisha's visit to Tibet. After its branches were merged and reformed, it continued as the Gelug tradition.

Tib: bKa'-gdams

Kagyü

Kagyu

One of the New Translation Period traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. It has two branches, Shangpa Kagyu deriving from Kyungpo Neljor and Dagpo Kagyu deriving from the line Naropa, Marpa, Milarepa, and Gampopa.

Tib: bKa'-brgyud

Kama

Kama

The god of desire in Hindu mythology.

Tib: 'dod-pa'i lha

Kangyur

Kangyur

The collection of the Tibetan translations of the enlightening words of the Buddha.

Tib: bKa'-'gyur

Kanjur

Kanjur

See: Kangyur

Karma

karma

(1) In all Tibetan Buddhist systems except Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika, equivalent to a subcategory of the mental factor (subsidiary awareness), an urge. It is the mental factor that brings the mind in the direction of a specific physical, verbal, or mental action. (2) In the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika, with respect to mental karmic actions, it is the mental factor of the urge that brings the mind in the direction of that action. With respect to physical or verbal karmic actions, it is (a) the revealing form of the physical impulse of the physical action or the sound of the words of the verbal action, plus (b) the nonrevealing form of the subtle invisible "vibration" of the action, which continues during and after the action. Some translators render the term "karma" as "action." (3) A general term used loosely for behavioral cause and effect. Also called: karmic impulse.

Tib: lasSkt: karma

karmische Energie

karmic energy

A general term for both positive and negative karmic energy. A constructive or destructive phenomenon that is the first phase of the karmic force of a karmic action.(1) In all Tibetan Buddhist systems except Vaibhashika and the Gelug Prasangika presentation, it is equivalent to the karmic action itself, from the point of view of what will ripen into a result intermittently. (2) In the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika systems, this is the case only regarding mental karmic actions. With regard to physical and verbal karmic actions, it is equivalent to the karma of the action -- both its revealing and nonrevealing forms.

karmische Gewohnheit

karmic habit

A synonym for "karmic latency."

Tib: bag-chagsSkt: vasana

karmische Handlung

karmic action

A physical, verbal, or mental action brought on by and sustained by a karmic impulse.

karmische Hinterlassenschaft

karmic aftermath

A general, nontechnical term for everything left over on someone's mental continuum as a consequence of having committed a karmic action. It includes karmic potentials, a network of karmic force, karmic tendencies, and karmic constant habits. According to the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika tenet systems, also included, for physical and verbal actions, is a second phase of subtle karmic energy.

karmische Kraft

karmic force

A general term for both positive and negative karmic force -- the type of karmic aftermath that is either a constructive or destructive phenomenon and which will ripen into a result intermittently. (1) In all Tibetan Buddhist systems except Vaibhashika and the Gelug Prasangika presentation, it has two phases (a) the karmic energy, referring to the karmic action itself, and (b) the karmic potential, which is the karmic force that has taken on the essential nature of a karmic tendency (karmic seed). (2) In the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika system, this is the case only regarding mental karmic actions. With regard to physical and verbal karmic actions, the karma of the action -- both its revealing and nonrevealing forms, as well as the karmic force that has taken on the essential nature of a karmic tendency.

karmic force that has taken on the essential nature of a karmic tendency

A synonym for "karmic potential."

Tib: sa-bon-gyi ngo-bor gyur-ba

karmische Kraft, negative

karmic force, negative

See: negative karmic force

karmische Kraft, positive

karmic force, positive

See: positive karmic force

karmische Latenz

karmic latency

A general term for all karmic aftermath -- namely, karmic potentials, karmic tendencies, and karmic constant habits.

Tib: bag-chagsSkt: vasana

karmischer Impuls

karmic impulse

See: karma

karmischer Impuls, der eine weitere Existenz realisiert

karmic impulse for further existence

A karmic impulse that activates the karmic aftermath of throwing karma just before one dies, thus enabling the aftermath to ripen into a next rebirth. Abbreviated as "further existence."

Tib: yang-srid sgrub-pa'i las

karmisches Potenzial

karmic potential

A general term for either positive or negative karmic potential. The phase of a karmic force that is a type of either constructive or destructive karmic aftermath, imputable as a noncongruent affecting variable on one's mental continuum after having committed a karmic action and which ripens into a result intermittently. (1) In all Tibetan Buddhist systems except Vaibhashika and the Gelug Prasangika presentation, it follows immediately after the karmic action ceases. (2) In the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika systems, this is the case only with mental karmic actions. In the case of physical and verbal karmic actions, it is the phase of karmic force that follows immediately after the nonrevealing form of the action ceases.

karmische ständige Gewohnheit

karmic constant habit

A type of karmic aftermath, imputable on one's mental continuum as an unspecified (ethically neutral) noncongruent affecting variable after having committed a karmic action, and which ripens into a result every moment until a true stopping of it has been achieved. Some translators render it as "habit" or "instinct."

Tib: bag-chagsSkt: vasana

karmisches Vermächtnis

karmic legacy

A general term for all karmic aftermath that ripen into a result intermittently -- namely, karmic potentials and karmic tendencies.

Tib: sa-bonSkt: bija

karmische Tendenz

karmic tendency

A type of karmic aftermath that is ethically neutral (unspecified as being either constructive or destructive), which is imputable on one's mental continuum after having committed a karmic action, and which ripens into a result only intermittently. Literally, a "karmic seed."

Tib: sa-bonSkt: bija

karmische Winde

winds of karma

In the Kalachakra system, the subtle energy-winds that carry the impulses of karma -- either the karmic impulses that draw one into actions or the karmic impulses with which one carries out physical or verbal actions.

In the twelve links of dependent arising, the three links of craving, an obtainer, and further existence, which activate the karmic aftermath of throwing karma in the moments preceding death so that the karmic results will actualize. Thus, they serve as the simultaneously acting conditions for the aggregates of a next rebirth.

Tib: bsgrub-byed-kyi yan-lag

kausale Glieder, die werfen

causal links that throw

In the twelve links of dependent arising, the two and a half links of unawareness, affecting impulses, and causal loaded consciousness, which describe the process through which throwing karma is built up and its karmic aftermath is "planted" on a mental continuum as the cause for a next rebirth.

Tib: 'phen-byed-kyi yan-lag

Kaya

kaya

See: Corpus of a Buddha

kein Gefühl von moralischer Selbstwürde

moral self-dignity, no sense of

See: no moral self-dignity

Klammergeist [Hungergeist]

clutching ghost

One of the three worse rebirth states, characterized by the suffering of being unable to satisfy basic needs, such as hunger and thirst, and caused primarily by miserliness. Translated by most others as "hungry ghost," which is a literal rendering of the Chinese translation for the term, adopted by the Chinese in reference to the spirits of departed ancestors that suffered when not presented with regular offerings of food.

Tib: yi-dagsSkt: preta

Klang-Allgemeines

sound universal

See: audio category

klaren Lichts, Gewahrsein des

awareness, clear light

See: clear light awareness

klar erkennende Analyse

discerning analysis

See: subtle discernment

klar erkennende Meditation

discerning meditation

A method for habituating oneself to an insight, understanding, or state of mind, with which one focuses on an object and generates the desired insight, understanding, or state of mind about it, through using the mental factors of gross detection (investigation) and subtle discernment (scrutiny). The method may also entail applying a line reasoning that one has already understood and become convinced of its validity. Many translators render the term as "analytical meditation."

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that differentiates that the object of a cognition is pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral, and thus serves as the foundation for experiencing it with a feeling of happiness, unhappiness, or a neutral feeling.

A general term for a universal, a category, or a mental label. A concept of something need not be verbal. For example, one has a concept of what a pretty face looks like, what one's mother looks like, what a good soup tastes like, what a properly tuned guitar sounds like, what a valid line of reasoning is, what one plus one equals, and so on.

(1) In the Gelug non-Kalachakra system, the voidness of a Buddha's omniscient mind and its state of being parted from the two sets of obscurations. (2) In the Gelug Kalachakra system, the blissful awareness aspect of a Buddha's omniscient mind. (3) In the Non-Gelug systems, the inseparability of all the Corpuses of a Buddha - equivalent to the inseparability of the two truths. Also called: Body of Essential Nature, Nature Body.

Tib: ngo-bo-nyid skuSkt: svabhavakaya

Körper der Formen

Corpus of Forms

A network of forms in which a Buddha appears in order to benefit others. It includes both the subtle forms of a Corpus of Full Use and the grosser forms of a Corpus of Emanations, Also called: Corpus of Enlightening Forms, Form Body, Body of Forms.

In the dzogchen system, the blissful awareness aspect of a Buddha's omniscient mind.

Tib: bde-ba chen-po'i skuSkt: mahasukhakaya

körperliche Sensoren der Wahrnehmung

physical cognitive sensors

Out of the six cognitive sensors, the five that are forms of physical phenomena -- namely, (1) the photosensitive cells of the eyes, (2) the sound-sensitive cells of the ears, (3) the smell-sensitive cells of the nose, (4) the taste-sensitive cells of the tongue, and (5) the physical sensation-sensitive cells of the body.

körperliches Wesen

embodied being

A being with a limited body. Any being other than a Buddha. Synonymous with "limited being," "sentient being."

According to some dzogchen systems, the appearance-making aspect of the deep awareness of a Buddha's pure appearance. In other words, the appearance-making aspect of a Buddha's omniscient mind.

Tib: mngon-byang-gi skuSkt: abhisambhodhikaya

Körper tiefen Gewahrseins erleuchtenden Einflusses

Corpus of Deep Awareness' Enlightening Influence

In some dzogchen systems, the spontaneous, effortless positive influence that a Buddha's omniscient mind exerts on others. Also called: Body of Deep Awareness' Enlightening Influence. Some translators render the term as "Wisdom Activity Body."

Tib: ye-shes 'phrin-las sku

Körper vollen Gebrauchs

Body of Full Use

See: Corpus of Full Use

Körper vollen Gebrauchs

Corpus of Full Use

(1) According to sutra, the network of subtle forms, which make full use of the Mahayana teachings, and in which a Buddha appears in order to teach arya bodhisattvas. (2) According to non-Kalachakra anuttarayoga tantra, the network of all the speech of a Buddha. (3) According to Kalachakra, the network of both the subtle forms and the speech of a Buddha. Also called Body of Full Use. Some translators render this term as "Enjoyment Body."

Tib: longs-spyod rdzogs-pa'i skuSkt: sambhogakaya

Kraft, karmische

force, karmic

See: karmic force

Kraft, positive

force, positive

See: positive karmic force

Kräfte, außerphysische

powers, extraphysical

See: extraphysical emanations

Kräfte, außersinnliche

powers, extrasensory

See: advanced awareness

kraftvolle Gottheit

forceful deity

An emanation of a Buddha in a form of great strength, usually surrounded by flames representing deep awareness, and terrifying, so as to chase away disturbing emotions, interferences, and other harm. Often translated by others as "wrathful deity," although there is no connotation here of "wrath" as in "the wrath of God." Although the Sanskrit and Tibetan terms, here, mean literally "angry," this does not refer to anger as a disturbing emotion, but rather to the strong force of anger to get rid of something detrimental to spiritual well-being and progress.

Tib: khro-boSkt: kroddha

kreative Energietropfen

creative energy-drops

Subtle forms of pure essence, found in the subtle energy-channels of the subtle body and which, through anuttarayoga complete stage practice, can function as the seed for generating of a blissful awareness.

The enthusiastic and fanatic giving up of everything worldly, often based on blind faith that an external source will save us.

Tib: sna-thung spu-sud-kyi nges-'byung

Lamrim

lamrim

See: lam-rim

Lam-rim

lam-rim

Graded path; graded stages of the path; graded stage of motivation; graded stages of pathway minds. A course of training in the Mahayana sutra teachings through which one makes progress by developing graded stages of motivation, which act as pathway minds leading to enlightenment.

Tib: lam-rim

Latenz

latency

See: karmic latency

Latenz, karmische

latency, karmic

See: karmic latency

Lebewesen

being, individual

See: person

Lebewesen

individual being

See: person

lediglich anstrebender Zustand des anstrebenden Bodhichitta

merely aspiring state of aspiring bodhichitta

The initial state of aspiring bodhichitta, with which one focuses on one's own future enlightenment and merely has the intention to attain it and to benefit all beings by means of it. Also called: the mere state of aspiring bodhichitta.

To gain a stable, correct understanding of voidness, either conceptually or nonconceptually, such that it brings about a lasting attainment and change in the person who has it.

Tib: stong-nyid rtogs-pa

Leerheit verwirklichen / Leerheit erkennen

voidness, realize

See: realize voidness

Lehre, auslegbare

teaching, interpretable

See: interpretable teaching

Lehre, eindeutige / Lehre, endgültige

teaching, definitive

See: definitive teaching

Lehrer, spiritueller

teacher, spiritual

See: spiritual teacher

Lehrsystem

tenet system

A set of principles or assertions of a particular traditional Indian school of philosophy or of astronomical calculations.

Tib: grub-mtha'Skt: siddhanta

Lehrsysteme

systems of tenets

See: tenet system

Tib: grub-mtha’

Leiden, alles umfassendes

suffering, all-pervasive

See: all-pervasively affecting suffering

Leiden, alles umfassendes

suffering, all-pervasively affecting

See: all-pervasively affecting suffering

Leiden der Veränderung

suffering of change

The suffering of ordinary happiness, which never lasts, never satisfies, and which eventually turns into the suffering of suffering.

Tib: 'gyur-ba'i sdug-bsngal

Leiden des Leidens

suffering of suffering

The suffering of gross pain or unhappiness.

Tib: sdug-bsngal-gyi sdug bsnal

Leidenschaft

emotional affliction

See: disturbing emotion or attitude

leidvolle Phänomene

miserable phenomena

One of the four aspects of true sufferings. The five aggregate factors from the point of view of their being under the control of the true origins (true causes) of suffering and thus are subject to one or more of the three types of suffering without any break.

Tib: sdug-bsngal-baSkt: du:kha (duhkha)

Leistungsfähigkeit, Gefühl der

fitness, sense of

See: sense of fitness

letztendliche Ebene / höchste Ebene

ultimate level

The final, most profound level of something. Sometimes also translated as "deepest level" or "ultimate deepest level."

Tib: mthar-thug

letztendliche Quelle der sicheren Ausrichtung

ultimate source of safe direction

The Buddhas, as the only ones with full sets of true stoppings and true pathway minds on their mental continuums.

Tib: mthar-thug-gi skyabs-gnas

letztendliches Bodhichitta

ultimate bodhichitta

See: deepest bodhichitta

letztendliches Fahrzeug des Geistes

ultimate vehicles of mind

According to the tenets of the Chittamatra Followers of Scripture, three vehicles of mind that lead to three different final goals -- shravaka arhatship, pratyekabuddha arhatship, and Buddhahood -- which, once one has been attained, do not allow for the person who has attained it to achieve one of the other two goals. Thus, shravaka arhats and pratyekabuddha arhats cannot attain enlightenment.

Tib: mthar-thug theg-pa

letztendliches Phänomen, mit Worten fassbares

ultimate phenomenon, denumerable

See: denumerable ultimate phenomenon

letztendliches Phänomen, nicht mit Worten fassbares

ultimate phenomenon, nondenumerable

See: nondenumerable ultimate phenomenon

letztendliche Wahrheit

ultimate truth

See: deepest truth

Lichtheit

lucidity

A quality of a well-concentrated mind with which the mind remains fresh in each moment.

Tib: dvangs

Licht-Streuung

light diffusion

Auch übersetzt als: heller werdend, rote Erscheinung

Tib: mched

Liebe

love

(1) The wish for someone to be happy and to have the causes for happiness. (2) In Theravada, when conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, the ninth of the ten far-reaching attitudes -- the attitude to work to bring about the welfare and happiness of others, even when doing so requires self-sacrifice.

Tib: byams-paSkt: maitri

Liebe, fürsorgliche

love, caring

See: love

Liebe, große

love, great

See: great love

Liebe, herzerwärmende

love, heartwarming

See: heartwarming love

Liebe, sich liebevoll kümmernde

love, cherishing concerned

See: cherishing concerned love

Liebevolle Güte

loving-kindness

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) with which one not only wishes others to be happy and to have the causes for happiness, but with which one also acts towards others in a helpful manner.

Tib: brtse-ba

Linie, entfernte

lineage, distant

See: distant lineage

Linie, nahe

lineage, near

See: near lineage

Lojong

lojong

See: attitude-training

Tib: blo-sbyong

Longde

longdey

See: open space division

Tib: klong-sde

Loslösung

detachment

The constructive mental factor of bored disgust with and thus lack of longing desire for compulsive existence and objects of compulsive existence. Also translated as "nonattachment."

Tib: chags-pa med-paSkt: asanga

Madhyamaka

Madhyamaka

A Mahayana school of Indian Buddhism that does not assert the true existence of anything. One of the four Indian Buddhist tenet systems studied by all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.

Tib: dbu-maSkt: madhyamaka

Mahamudra

mahamudra

Literally, "the great seal," a Mahayana meditation practice that focuses on the nature of the mind.

Tib: phyag-rgya chen-poSkt: mahamudra

Mahamudra, Essenz-

mahamudra, essence

See: essence mahamudra

Mahamudra, Mantra-

mahamudra, mantra

See: mantra mahamudra

Mahamudra, Pfad-

mahamudra, pathway

See: pathway mahamudra

Mahamudra, Sutra-

mahamudra, sutra

See: sutra mahamudra

Mahayana

Mahayana

Literally, a "Vast Vehicle of Mind" - levels or states of mind that, with a vast motivation of bodhichitta, employ vast methods for reach the vast goal of enlightenment. Some translators render the term as "Greater Vehicle."

Tib: theg-chenSkt: mahayana

Mahayana-Meister

Mahayana master

A spiritual mentor in whose presence disciples take bodhisattva vows. In a broader sense, a spiritual mentor whose teachings on compassion and bodhichitta lead disciples to develop aspiring and engaged bodhichittas, and then to take bodhisattva vows.

Mahayoga

mahayoga

Within the Nyingma classification scheme of nine vehicles of mind, the class of tantra leading to dzogchen practice but with the main emphasis and detail on generation stage practice.

Tib: ma-ha yo-ga

Makel, flüchtiger

stain, fleeting

See: fleeting stain

Mandala

mandala

In general, a round symbol used to represent a meaning. Most often used to represent a world system.

Tib: dkyil- 'khorSkt: mandala

Mandala, äußeres

mandala, outer

See: outer mandala

Mandala, dreidimensionales

mandala, three-dimensional

See: three-dimensional mandala

Mandala, inneres

mandala, inner

See: inner mandala

Mandala, Körper-

mandala, body

See: body mandala

Mandala, Stoff-

mandala, cloth

See: cloth mandala

Mandala, unterstützendes

mandala, supporting

See: supporting mandala

Mandala, unterstützes

mandala, supported

See: supported mandala

Mandala aus gestreutem Sand

mandala, powdered sand

See: powdered sand mandala

Mandala aus gestreutem Sand

powdered sand mandala

A two-dimensional representation, made of powdered colored minerals, which is like an architectural blueprint of the three-dimensional palace, environment, and Buddha-figures of a symbolic world system, and used for conferring a tantric empowerment.

Tib: rdul-phran-gyi dkyil-'khor

Mandala der Rede

mandala, speech

See: speech mandala

manifeste Wahrnehmung

manifest cognition

A cognition in which the consciousness gives rise to a mental hologram of a cognitive object and, in which, the cognitive object appears, through that hologram, both to the person and to the consciousness of the manifest cognition. Both the person and the manifest consciousness cognitively take it _ both cognize or "know" it.
See also: subliminal cognition.

Tib: shes-pa mngon-gyur-ba

Mantra

mantra

Sets of syllables and, often, additional Sanskrit words and phrases, all of which represent enlightening speech and which, when repeated, protect the mind from destructive states. While repeating the mantras of a Buddha-figure, one imagines having the abilities to communicate perfectly to everyone the complete means for eliminating suffering and reaching enlightenment. Mantras shape the breath, and consequently the subtle energy-winds, enabling one to bring the winds under control for use in meditation practice.

Tib: sngagsSkt: mantra

Mantra-Ansammlung, Mantra-Sammlung

mantra-gathering

A tantric ritual for giving disciples confidence in the accuracy of a mantra, in which the vowels and consonants of the Sanskrit alphabet are written with colored powder in a grid on the surface of a metal mirror and the tantric master reads out, one by one, the grid location of the consonant and vowel for each syllable of the main mantra. After each specification of the consonant and vowel of a syllable, an assistant takes some colored powder from the mirror and uses it to write the syllable on the surface of another metal mirror.

Tib: sngags-btus

Mantra-Mahamudra

mantra mahamudra

Meditations on the nature of the mind with regard to the subtlest mind, clear light.

Tib: sngags-kyi phyag-chen

Meditation

meditation

The repeated practice of generating and focusing on a beneficial state of mind in order to build it up as a habit.

Tib: sgomSkt: bhavana

Meditation, klar erkennende

meditation, discerning

See: discerning meditation

Meditation, stabilisierende oder verankernde

meditation, stabilizing

See: stabilizing meditation

Meditationstrainer

meditation trainer

A teacher who instructs one in the mechanics of meditation, such as the correct posture.

meditative Ausgewogenheit

meditative equipoise

See: total absorption

Mengenlehre

set theory

Set theory has to do with the logical pervasions between two or more sets -- mutually exclusive, totally congruent, overlapping, etc. A set is a collection or a group of many items, like the set of all nonstatic phenomena.

Tib: bsdus-grvaSkt: dura

Mentor, spiritueller

mentor, spiritual

See: spiritual mentor

Merkmal, unterscheidendes

feature, distinguishing

See: feature, distinguishing

Merkmalsbesitzer

property-possessor

A member of the set of phenomena possessing a certain property, such as voidness as its actual nature.

Tib: chos-can

metaphysische Entitäten

metaphysical entities

In the Sautrantika and Chittamatra tenet systems, those phenomena, the existence of which is established by their being merely imputed by conceptual cognition and which are superficial (relative, conventional) true phenomena. According to Sautrantika, they include all static phenomena; according to Chittamatra, they include all static phenomena other than voidnesses, true stoppings, and nirvanas. (1) In the Gelug system, they are the appearing objects of only conceptual cognitions, although they are not the actual cognitive appearances in those cognitions. They may be validly cognized not only by valid conceptual cognition, but also implicitly by valid nonconceptual cognition. (2) In the non-Gelug systems, they can only be validly cognized by valid conceptual cognition. Also translated as "generally characterized phenomena."

Tib: spyi-mtshanSkt: samanyalakshana

Methode der Realisierung

method of actualization

See: sadhana

metrische Verse

metered verses

Two-to-six-lined verses composed by Buddha. One of the twelve scriptural categories.

Voidnesses that are validly cognized conceptually. They are "denumerable" in the sense that they can be counted among what appears to minds validly cognizing phenomena through mentally labeling them with words and concepts.

Tib: rnam-grangs-pa'I don-dam

Möchtegern-Gott

would-be divine

Also called: anti-gods

Tib: lha ma-yinSkt: asura

Moment

moment

The smallest unit of time.

Tib: skad-cigSkt: kshana

Monade

monad

An undifferentiated, partless whole, either the size of an atom or the size of the universe, asserted by non-Buddhist schools of Indian philosophy as descriptive of the atman, the "soul" of a person.

Tib: gcig

monastischer Sangha / Sangha der Mönche

monastic sangha

See: Sangha

Mönchsgemeinschaft

monastic community

See: Sangha

moralische Selbstwürde

moral self-dignity

As defined by Asanga, the sense to refrain from negative behavior because of caring how one's actions reflect on oneself.

Tib: ngo-tsha shes-paSkt: hri

moralische Selbstwürde, kein Gefühl von

no sense of moral self-dignity

See: no moral self-dignity

Tib: ngo-tsha med-pa

Motivation

motivating aim

Synonymous with intention. See: intention.

Tib: kun-slong

Motivation

motivation

When used in Western languages, a state of mind that entails two mental factors (subsidiary awarenesses): a motivating aim and a motivating emotion. A motivating aim is the mental factor of an intention – the intention to reach a certain goal for a certain purpose. A motivating emotion is the mental factor of the positive or negative emotion, such as love and compassion, or jealousy and greed, which accompanies the intention and moves one to attain that goal.

Motivation, ursächliche

motivating aim, causal

See: causal motivating aim

motivierender geistiger Rahmen

motivating mental framework

A state of mind that accompanies a karmic urge or impulse and which is a cluster of three mental factors (subsidiary awarenesses): distinguishing an object on which to focus the action, the motivating aim of what one intends to do with or to that object, and a motivating emotion or attitude.

Tib: bsam-pa

mühelos

unlabored

A state of mind, such as bodhichitta, generated instantly without needing to work oneself up to it, with deliberate effort, through a series of steps, each of which entails a line of reasoning.

Tib: rtsol-med

müheloses Bodhichitta

unlabored bodhichitta

A bodhichitta aim that arises automatically and effortlessly, without need to build up to it through steps or by relying on lines of reasoning.

Tib: rtsol-med byang-sems

mündliche Übertragung

oral transmission

A ceremony during which a spiritual teacher reads aloud or recites from memory, without any mistakes, a Buddhist text or mantra to disciples who listen attentively. The teacher needs to have heard, himself or herself, the words of the text or mantra recited faultlessly by his or her own teacher, who likewise heard it in this manner in an unbroken lineage tracing back to Buddha or to the author of the text. The ceremony insures the accurate transmission of the words, although neither the teacher reciting them nor the disciple hearing them need to understand their meaning.

Tib: lung

Musiker, himmlische

musician, heavenly

See: those who sustain themselves on fragrances

Mutter

mother-awareness

The recognition of all beings as having at some time been one's mother. The first of the seven-part cause and effect quintessence teaching for developing bodhichitta.

Tib: mar-shes

nachfolgende Erlangung

attainment, subsequent

See: subsequent attainment

nachfolgende Erlangung

subsequent attainment

A state of mind having the joined pair of shamatha and vipashyana, and in which absorbed concentration is focused single-pointedly on a voidness that is like an illusion. It is attained only upon rising from total absorption on space-like voidness and may occur either while still in meditation or after arising from meditation. It may be either conceptual or nonconceptual. Sometimes translated as "subsequent realization." Other translators often render the term as "post-meditation."

Tib: rjes-thob

nachfolgende Verwirklichung

subsequent realization

See: subsequent attainment

nachfolgende Wahrnehmung

subsequent cognition

One of the seven ways of knowing something: a nonfraudulent, but not fresh, cognition of an object. It is the second phase of a valid bare cognition or inferential cognition, and is asserted only by the Gelug Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Svatantrika tenet systems.

Tib: bcad-shes

Nachkomme, spiritueller

offspring, spiritual

See: spiritual offspring

nahe Linie

near lineage

The lineage of a teaching that did not begin with Buddha himself, but began with an Indian or Tibetan master, usually through a pure vision.

(1) In the Chittamatra system, the seeds that, without beginning, are imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being and which serve as factors allowing that being to attain one of the three purified states. (2) In the Madhyamaka systems, the voidnesses imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being.

Tib: rang-bzhin gnas-rigs

natürlicherweise destruktive nicht lobenswerte Handlung

naturally destructive uncommendable action

See: naturally uncommendable action

natürlicherweise nicht lobenswerte Handlungen

naturally uncommendable action

A negative action which, because it is destructive by nature, ripens into the experience of suffering by anyone who commits it.

Tib: rang-bzhin-gyi kha-na ma-tho-ba

natürliches Nirvana

natural nirvana

Equivalent to voidness (emptiness), the natural state of all phenomena being released from impossible ways of existing. Asserted only by the Mahayana tenet systems.

Tib: rang-bzhin-gyi mya-ngan 'das

natürliche Untrennbarkeit

natural inseparability

The relationship between two items, in which when one is the case or is occurring, then automatically so is the other.

An item, or a truth about an item, defined in terms of the exclusion of something else, in which an object to be negated is explicitly precluded by the conceptual cognition that cognizes the phenomenon. Also translated as: "negation," "nullification," "refutation."

Tib: dgag-pa

Negierungs-Phänomen, implizierendes

negation phenomenon, implicative

See: implicative negation phenomenon

Negierungs-Phänomen, nichtimplizierendes

negation phenomenon, nonimplicative

See: nonimplicative negation phenomenon

Netzwerk des tiefen Gewahrseins

network of deep awareness

A constructive noncongruent affecting variable imputable on the moments of conceptual or nonconceptual cognition of the four noble truths or of voidness, on the mental continuum of a limited being, when followed by a bodhichitta dedication, and which functions as the obtaining cause for the Dharmakaya of a Buddha. Also called: "bountiful store of deep awareness." Some translators render the term as "collection of wisdom" or "collection of insight."

Tib: ye-shes-kyi tshogsSkt: jnanasambhara

Netzwerk positiver Kraft

network of positive force

A constructive noncongruent affecting variable imputable on the positive force on the mental continuum of a limited being, when dedicated with bodhichitta, and which functions as the obtaining cause for the Form Corpus of a Buddha. Also called: "bountiful store of positive force." Some translators render the term as "collection of merit."

Tib: bsod-nams-kyi tshogsSkt: punyasambhara

neutrales Gefühl / neutrale Empfindung

neutral feeling

That feeling which, when it arises, one neither wants to be parted from it, nor, when it stops, one wishes to meet it again.

Tib: btang-snyomsSkt: upeksha

Ngöndro

ngondro

See: preliminary practices

Nicht (mit Worten) fassbares letztendliches Phänomen

nondenumerable ultimate phenomenon

Voidnesses that are validly cognized nonconceptually. They are "nondenumerable" in the sense that they cannot be counted among what appears to minds validly cognizing phenomena through mentally labeling them with words and concepts, thus they are voidnesses that are "beyond words and beyond concepts."

Tib: rnam-grangs ma-yin-pa'I don-dam

Nicht-Anhaftung

nonattachment

See: detachment

Nicht-Ärger

non-anger

See: imperturbability

nichtaufregend

nonupsetting

A way of being aware of something that shares five congruent features with an arya's total absorption on voidness.

Tib: zang-zing med-pa

nichtbeinflusstes Phänomen

unaffected phenomenon

A phenomenon that is not affected by causes or conditions. A synonym for static phenomenon. Often rendered by other translators as "unconditioned phenomenon."

Tib: 'dus ma-byasSkt: asamskrtadharma

nichtbestätigende Negierung

nonaffirming negation

See: nonimplicative negation phenomenon

nicht-budhhistischer Extremist

non-Buddhist extremist

A follower of a non-Buddhist Indian school of philosophy that asserts either an eternalist position of an unchanging static soul (atman) of a person or a nihilist position that denies the continuity of a person after death and/or the workings of karmic cause and effect.

Tib: mu-stegs-paSkt: tirthika

nichtdual

nondual

(1) In Gelug Prasangika, the absence (the voidness) of a manner of existence that does not correspond to the actual manner in which everything exists. (2) In non-Gelug Madhyamaka, within a cognition, the absence (the voidness) of a consciousness and its object as each having truly established existence, independently of each other. (3) In Chittamatra, within a cognition, the absence (the voidness) of a consciousness and its object as deriving from different natal sources.

Tib: gnyis-med

nichtduales Tantra

nondual tantra

A division of anuttarayoga tantra, specified only in the non-Gelug schools, in which there is equal emphasis on practices for generating the physical bodies of a Buddha and practices for generating the mind of a Buddha.

Tib: gnyis-med rgyud

Nichtexistierende

nonexistents

Things that cannot be validly known.

Tib: med-pa

nicht existierendes Phänomen

nonexistent phenomenon

See: nonexistents

nichtimplizierendes Negierungs-Phänomen

nonimplicative negation phenomenon

An exclusion of something else in which, after the sounds of the words that exclude the object to be negated have negated that object, they do not leave behind in their wake, explicitly or implicitly, something else. Some translators render the term as a "nonaffirming negation."

A state of mind that cognizes an object without the filter of a concept, idea, category, or universal.

nichtkonzeptuelle Wahrnehmung

nonconceptual cognition

Cognition of an object, without that cognition being through the medium of a universal, a category, or a mental label.

Tib: rtog-med shes-pa

nichtkünstlich

unartificial

See: uncontrived

nichtkünstlich

uncontrived

A state of mind not mentally constructed by conceptual thought. Also translated as "unartificial."

Tib: bcos-med

Nicht-Länger-Stattfinden

no-longer-happening

The past occurrence of something. According to Gelug Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, a static nonimplicative negation phenomenon; according to Gelug Prasangika, a nonstatic implicative negation phenomenon. Also translated as "passed-happening."

Tib: 'das-pa

nicht lobenswerte Handlung

uncommendable action

An action that ripens into the experience of suffering by the person who commits it or into a hindrance to his or her spiritual practice. An action that cannot be spoken about with praise.

Tib: kha-na ma-tho-baSkt: avadya

nichtoffenbarende Form

nonrevealing form

A subtle form of physical phenomenon, asserted only by the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika schools, that is caused by a strong constructive or destructive motivation, but which does not show ("reveal") that motivation. Such a phenomenon is part of a mental continuum, but is not felt on that continuum; it does not degenerate from moment to moment; it can only be an object of mental cognition; and it must be either constructive or destructive. Examples are vows and one aspect of karmic impulses.

(1) According to the Hinayana tenet systems, the static unchanging state of full enlightenment attained by a Buddha and lasting only so long as he is alive. In this state, a Buddha does not abide in either the extreme of continued samsaric suffering or in the extreme of the passivity of a Hinayana arhat's nirvana without residue. (2) According to the Mahayana tenet systems, including Gelug Prasangika, the static unchanging state of full enlightenment attained by a Buddha and lasting forever, in which a Buddha does not abide in either the extreme of continued samsaric suffering or in the extreme of the passivity of a Hinayana arhat's nirvana without residue.

Tib: mi-gnas-pa'i mya-ngan 'dasSkt: apratisthita-nirvana

Nichtvorhandensein einer "Seele" einer Person

lack of an impossible soul of a person

The total absence (voidness) of something findable inside the five aggregate factors of an individual being that is static, a partless monad, separable from the body and mind, and self-sufficiently knowable. Often translated by others as "selflessness of a person" or "identitylessness of a person."

Tib: gang-zag-kyi bdag-medSkt: pudgala-anatman

Nichtvorhander einer "Seele" aller Phänomene

lack of an impossible "soul" of all phenomena

The total absence (voidness) of an impossible mode of existence that establishes the existence of a phenomenon by the power of something findable inside that phenomenon. Often translated by others as "selflessness of all phenomena" or "identitylessness of all phenomena."

Tib: chos-kyi bdag-medSkt: dharma-anatman

nichtwirksames Phänomen / unwirksames Phänomen

nonfunctional phenomenon

(1) An validly knowable, existent object that does not perform a function -- in other words, it does not produce a result -- namely, a static phenomenon. (2) A nonexistent object, such as an impossible way of existing.

Tib: dngos-med

nichtzugeschrieben

unimputed

See: true unimputed existence

Nirmanakaya

Nirmanakaya

See: Corpus of Emanations

Nirvana

nirvana

An extinguished state of release -- either an acquired one, in which all samsaric sufferings and their causes have been removed, or a naturally occurring one, in which all stains of impossible existence have always been removed. The Tibetan term means, literally, "a state beyond sorrow."

Tib: mya-ngan-'dasSkt: nirvana

Nirvana, erlangtes

nirvana, acquired

See: acquired nirvana

Nirvana, natürliches

nirvana, natural

See: natural nirvana

Nirvana mit Überrest

nirvana with residue

(1) According to the Hinayana tenet systems, the state of nirvana that a shravaka or pratyekabuddha arhat, or a Buddha, attains during his lifetime and which lasts only so long as the person is alive. This is so called because the person still has left a residue of tainted aggregates. (2) According to the Mahayana tenet systems other than Gelug Prasangika, the same as asserted by the Hinayana systems, but in reference only to shravaka and pratyekabuddha arhats. (3) According to Gelug Prasangika, in reference to shravaka and pratyekabuddha arhats, their state either during subsequent attainment (post-meditation) periods, when meditating on something other than voidness, or when not meditating at all. In reference to Buddhas, their Corpuses of Form.

Tib: lhag-bcas-kyi mya-ngan 'dasSkt: sopadhishesha-nirvana

Nirvana ohne Überrest

nirvana without residue

(1) According to the Hinayana tenet systems, the state of nirvana that shravaka or pratyekabuddha arhats, or a Buddha, attains immediately upon their death from the lifetime in which they attain nirvana with residue. No longer having a residue of tainted aggregates left, their mental continuum extinguishes, like a spent candle. (2) According to the Mahayana tenet systems other than Gelug Prasangika, the state that shravaka or pratyekabuddha arhats attain immediately upon their death from the lifetime in which they attain nirvana with residue. Although they no longer have a residue of tainted aggregates left, their mental continuums now go on in a purified form. (3) According to Gelug Prasangika, in reference to shravaka and pratyekabuddha arhats, their state during total absorption on voidness, when there is no appearance-making of truly established existence. In reference to Buddhas, their Deep Awareness Dharmakayas.

Tib: lhag-med mya-ngan 'dasSkt: nirupadhishesha-nirvana

Noch-nicht-Stattfinden

not-yet-happening

The future occurrence of something. According to Gelug Sautrantika, Chittamatra, and Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, a static nonimplicative negation phenomenon; according to Gelug Prasangika, a nonstatic implicative negation phenomenon.

Tib: ma-'ong-pa

nominelles Buddhajuwel / Buddhajuwel dem Namen nach

nominal Buddha Gem

A painting or statue of a Buddha, representing a Buddha that is an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to an actual Buddha Gem.

Tib: brdar-btags-pa'i sangs-rgyas dkon-mchog

nominelles Darmajuwel / Dharmajuwel dem Namen nach

nominal Dharma Gem

Printed Dharma texts, representing the Dharma that is an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to the actual Dharma Gem.

Tib: brdar-btags-pa'i chos dkon-mchog

nominelles Juwel / Juwel dem Namen nach

nominal gem

Representations of the Three Rare and Supreme Gems, which themselves are not actual sources of safe direction, but which serve as a basis for showing respect to them.

Tib: brdar-btags-pa'i dkon-mchog

nominelles Sanghajuwel

nominal Sangha Gem

Four or more people from any of the four groups of the monastic sangha (full or novice monks or nuns), representing the Sangha that is an actual source of safe direction and serving as a basis for showing respect to the actual Sangha Gem.

Tib: brdar-btags-pa'i dge-'dun dkon-mchog

normales Gewahrsein

normal awareness

In the Karma Kagyu system, a synonym for clear light mind, which is "normal" in the sense that it is the primordial, natural state that has always been the case.

Tib: tha-mal-gyi shes-pa

Nyingma

Nyingma

The Old Translation Period tradition of Tibetan Buddhism deriving from Guru Rinpoche, Padmasambhava.

In the Mahayana tenet systems, a true fact about a phenomenon that veils or conceals a deeper true fact about the same phenomenon. Also called: relative truth, conventional truth, apparent truth, surface truth.

Tib: kun-rdzob bden-paSkt: samvrtisatya

Objekt, beteiligtes

object, involved

See: involved object

Objekt, erscheinendes

object, appearing

See: appearing object

Objekt, konzeptionell erfasstes

object, conceptualized

See: conceptualized object

Objekt, spezifisches

object, specific

See: specific object

Objekt-Allgemeines

object universal

See: object mental synthesis

Objekt der Ausrichtung

object, focal

See: focal object

Objekt der Ausrichtung / Ausrichtungsobjekt

focal object

An external object on which a cognition focuses and which serves as the focal condition of the cognition. Focal objects exist prior to the cognitions of them and have their own continuums different from those of the cognitions of them.

Tib: dmigs-yul

Objekte, die eine sichere Richtung weisen

objects that indicate a safe direction

A general term for the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha.

Tib: skyabs-yul

objekthaftes klares Licht

object clear light

Voidness as the object cognized by clear light awareness.

Tib: yul-gyi 'od-gsal

objektive Bedingung

objective condition

See: focal condition

objektive Entität

objective entities

In the Sautrantika and Chittamatra tenet systems, those phenomena, the existence of which is established by their not being merely imputed by conceptual cognition. They include all nonstatic phenomena. According to Sautrantika, they include all nonstatic phenomena and are deepest true phenomena; according to Chittamatra, they include not only all nonstatic superficial true phenomena, but also the static deepest true phenomena of voidnesses, true stoppings, and nirvanas. (1) In the Gelug tradition, the appearing objects of only valid nonconceptual cognitions, although they are what actually appears and can be validly cognized in both valid nonconceptual and conceptual cognition. (2) In the non-Gelug systems, they can only be validly cognized by valid nonconceptual cognition. Also translated as "individually characterized phenomena."

Tib: rang-mtshanSkt: svalakshana

Objekt-Kategorie

object category

The conceptual category into which fit all items to which an audio category refer.

Tib: don-spyi

Objektsynthese

object synthesis

See: object mental synthesis

offenbarende Form

revealing form

A form of physical phenomenon, asserted in the Vaibhashika and Gelug Prasangika schools, that shows (reveals) the motivation behind it, and which may be a constructive, destructive or unspecified phenomenon. Examples are the shape of one's body when performing an action, the sound of the words when one speaks, the expression on someone's face, and so on. In general, such a phenomenon may be either one of the five sensory objects or one of the five sensory cognitive sensors.

A validly knowable phenomenon that can be cognized by valid nonconceptual straightforward cognition. Also defined as a validly knowable phenomenon that be apprehended through the force of personal experience.

A state of mind, such as immeasurable compassion, that lacks focus on the three circles ('khor-gsum) involved -- the action itself (in the case of compassion, wishing all beings to be free from suffering), the object, and the agent -- existing in an impossible way. Also translated as: unaimed.

An individual being, including those from any of the six realms of samsaric existence, as well as arhats and Buddhas. A noncongruent affecting variable, synonymous with a conventional "me."

Tib: gang-zagSkt: pudgala

persönliche Anleitungen

personal instructions

Advice on how to practice meditation, emphasizing the quintessential points.

Tib: zhal-lung

Pfad

path

See: pathway mind

Pfad der Ansammlung

path of accumulation

See: building-up pathway mind

Pfad der Anwendung

path of application

See: applying pathway mind

Pfad der Meditation

path of meditation

See: accustoming pathway mind

Pfad der Vorbereitung

path of preparation

See: applying pathway mind

Pfad des Aufbauens

path of building up

See: building-up pathway mind

Pfad des keinen weiteren Trainings

path of no further training

See: pathway mind needing no further training

Pfad des Sehens

path of seeing

See: seeing pathway mind

Pfad des Sich-Gewöhnens

path of accustoming

See: accustoming pathway mind

Pfadgeist

pathway mind

A level or state of mind that acts or functions as a pathway toward liberation or enlightenment. Some translators render this term as "path," but it refers to mental states, not to a series of spiritual practices. Also called: pathway of mind.

Tib: lamSkt: marga

Pfadgeist

pathway of mind

See: pathway mind

Pfadgeist, der keines weiteren Trainings mehr bedarf

pathway mind needing no further training

The level of mind of shravaka arhats, pratyekabuddha arhats, and Buddhas, with which they have attained their respective purified states (bodhi) of liberation or enlightenment, and which require no further training in order to attain that purified state. Other translators sometimes render this term as "path of no learning."

The level of mind of arya sharavakas, arya pratyekabuddhas, and arya bodhisattvas with which they first attain a joined pair of shamatha and vipashyana focused nonconceptually on voidness -- or, in general, on the sixteen aspects of the four noble truths -- and with which they rid themselves of one or both sets of doctrinally based obscurations. Often translated as "path of seeing."

The type of karmic force associated with a constructive action and which ripens intermittently into transitory happiness. Some translators render it as "merit." See: karmic force.

Tib: bsod-namsSkt: punya

positive Kraft

positive force

See: positive karmic force

positive Potenziale

positive potential

See: positive karmic force

Potenzial, karmisches

potential, karmic

See: karmic potential

Praktizierender, hoch verwirklichter

practitioner, highly realized

See: arya

Pratimoksha-Gelübde

pratimoksha vows

The vows of either a layman or laywoman, a novice or full monk, or a provisional, novice, or full nun. The ethical self-discipline of keeping them purely provides the basis for the individual being keeping them to attain liberation from samsara.

Tib: so-thar sdom-paSkt: pratimokshasamvara

Pratyekabuddha

pratyekabuddha

Literally, "self-realizers" or "self-evolvers" - practitioners of the Hinayana vehicle who, motivated by renunciation, strive to attain liberation from uncontrollably recurring rebirth (samsara) and to become an arhat (liberated being). They live during dark ages when the teachings of a Buddha are no longer available. They do not study with Buddhist spiritual teachers, because there are none at such times, and they teach others only subtly, through gestures, since people are not receptive. Living either singly ("like a rhinoceros") or in small groups, they must rely on their instincts from previous lives to recall and master the Dharma. Some translators render the term as "solitary Buddhas."

Tib: rang-rgyalSkt: pratyekabuddha

Pratyekabuddha-Arhat

pratyekabuddha arhat

A pratyekabuddha that has attained liberation. See also: pratyekabuddha.

An appearance of a cognitive object that arises automatically from a person's clear light mind itself. Such an appearance may be either impure (with an appearance of truly established existence) or pure (without such an appearance).

Tib: rang-snang

reflexives Gewahrsein

reflexive awareness

(1) The cognitive faculty within a cognition, asserted in the Sautrantika and Chittamatra tenet systems, that takes as its cognitive object the consciousness within the cognition that it is part of. It also cognizes the validity or invalidity of the cognition that it is part of, and accounts for the ability to recall the cognition. (2) In the non-Gelug schools, this cognitive faculty becomes reflexive deep awareness -- that part of an arya's nonconceptual cognition of voidness that cognizes the two truths of that nonconceptual cognition.

Tib: rang-rig

reflexives tiefes Gewahrsein

reflexive deep awareness

(1) In Kagyu and Sakya, that aspect of an arya's nonconceptual cognition of voidness that cognizes its own two-truth nature. (2) In Nyingma, that aspect of pure awareness (rigpa) that cognizes its own two truths or its own threefold nature. Synonymous with self-arising deep awareness.

Tib: rang-rig ye-shes

reichhaltiger Vorrat an positiver Kraft

bountiful store of positive force

See: network of positive force

reichhaltiges Feld

bountiful field

A bountiful field for growing positive force, and that is shortened to bountiful field. It is usually translated as merit-field by others. Bountiful here means that it gives abundant crop.

Tib: tshogs-shing

reifen / heranreifen

ripen

(1) A karmic cause developing or growing to the point at which it can bear fruit, which means produce its result. This is ripening in its definitional sense. (2) A karmic causal factor on a mental continuum exhausting and finishing its presence there as it produces its fruit.

Tib: smin-paSkt: vipaka

reifende Ursache

ripening cause

A destructive or tainted constructive phenomenon that, unless one has rid one's mental continuum forever of craving, has the power to produce the nonobstructive unspecified items contained in the five aggregate factors of future rebirth states, such as the body, the types of consciousness, and the feelings.

Tib: rnam-smin-gyi rgyuSkt: vipakahetu

rein, ursprünglich

pure, primally

See: primal purity

reine Erscheinung

pure appearance

An appearance of something as an enlightened mind makes it appear, namely in the form of a Buddha-figure or mandala and devoid of any of the four extremes of impossible existence.

Tib: dag-pa'i snang-ba

reines Gewahrsein

pure awareness

In the dozgchen system, the subtlest level of awareness, which is totally untainted by any of the fleeting stains of mental obscurations. It is devoid of all grosser levels of awareness and yet permeates all of them, and it spontaneously establishes pure appearances. Often left untranslated as "rigpa."

Tib: rig-pa

Reinheit, ursprüngliche

purity, primal

See: primal purity

Reinigen der Geisteshaltungen

cleansing of attitudes

See: attitude-training

relatives Bodhichitta

relative bodhichitta

See: conventional bodhichitta

relative Wahrheit

relative truth

See: superficial truth

relativ wahres Phänomen

relative true phenomenon

See: superficial true phenomenon

Reliquien-Monument

reliquary monument

See: stupa

Respekt

respect

See: appreciation

resultierendes Einschlagen der sicheren Richtung

resultant taking of safe direction

A taking of safe direction (refuge) that takes as its sources of safe direction the Triple Gem that one will attain oneself in the future, based on actualizing one's own Buddha-nature. Synonymous with "special taking of safe direction."

Tib: 'bras-bu'i skyabs-'gro

Reue / Bedauern

regret

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of not wishing to repeat doing something, either proper or improper, that one did or that someone else made one do.

Tib: 'gyod-pa

Rezitationspraxis

recitation practice

In tantra, the meditation practice with which one recites a ritual meditation text describing the self-visualization process and a complex series of further practices based on that self-generation, such as reciting mantras and making offerings.

Tib: kha-'don

Richtung, sichere / Ausrichtung, sichere

direction, safe

See: safe direction

richtungsweisende Anleitungen

guideline instructions

Beneficial practical advice concerning spiritual practice.

Tib: gdams-ngag

Riechbewusstsein

consciousness, nose

See: nose consciousness

Rigpa

rigpa

See: pure awareness

Rigpa, Essenz-

rigpa, essence

See: essence rigpa

Rigpa, grundlegendes

rigpa, basis

See: basis rigpa

Rigpa, strahlendes

rigpa, effulgent

See: effulgent rigpa

Rigpa der all-umfassenden spontanen Präsenz

rigpa of all-embracing spontaneous presence

Pure awareness (rigpa) from the point of view of its resultant level as the Dharmakaya of a Buddha.

Tib: lhun-grub sbubs-kyi rig-pa

Ritual, Sühne-

ritual, expiation

See: expiation ritual

Ritualtrainer

ritual trainer

A teacher who instructs one in how to perform Buddhist rituals.

Ritualtrainer

trainer, ritual

See: ritual trainer

Ritualzeremonie

ritual ceremony

Also called puja. See: offering ritual.

rituelles freigebiges Festmahl

ritual bountiful feast

A specially consecrated torma offered to one's tantric master, inseparable from the Buddha-figure, during a tantra ceremonial round of offering.

Literally, a method of actualization, namely a meditation method for actualizing oneself as a Buddha-figure for which one has received empowerment. Performing a sadhana entails recitation of a ritual meditation text describing the self-visualization process and a complex series of further practices based on that self-generation, such as reciting mantras and making offerings. Synonymous with "self-generation" and "antecedent practice for realization."

Tib: sgrub-thabsSkt: sadhana

Samadhi

samadhi

See: absorbed concentration

Sambhogakaya

Sambhogakaya

See: Corpus of Full Use

Sammelsynthese

collection synthesis

See: collection mental synthesis

Sammlungsallgemeines

collection universal

See: collection mental synthesis

Samsara

samsara

Uncontrollably recurring rebirth under the power of disturbing emotions and attitudes and of karma. Some translators render it as "cyclic existence."

Tib: 'khor-baSkt: samsara

Sangha

Sangha

The literal meaning of the Sanskrit term is a "community"; the literal meaning of the Tibetan translation is "those intent on a constructive goal." Four or more people from any of the four groups of the monastic community: full or novice monks or nuns - the four need not necessarily be all from one group or one from each group - and who have unlabored renunciation and are intent on ridding themselves of disturbing emotions and attitudes and thus attaining liberation.

Tib: dge-'dunSkt: sangha

Sanghajuwel, nominelles

Sangha Gem, nominal

See: nominal Sangha Gem

Sanghajuwel, offensichtliches

Sangha Gem, apparent

See: apparent Sangha Gem

Sanghajuwel, tiefstes

Sangha Gem, deepest

See: deepest Sangha Gem

Sarma-Schulen

Sarma

See: New Translation

Tib: gSar-ma

Sautrantika

Sautrantika

A Hinayana school of Indian Buddhism that asserts the true existence of both reflexive awareness and external phenomena; a subdivision of the Sarvastivada school of Hinayana. One of the four Indian Buddhist tenet systems studied by all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.

Tib: mDo-sde-pa

schädlich / destruktiv

destructive

States of mind, or physical, verbal, or mental actions motivated by them, which ripen into unhappiness or the suffering of problems or pain, to be experienced by the person on whose mental continuum they occur. Since the term carries no connotation of moral judgment, the translation "nonvirtuous" is misleading for this term.

Tib: mi-dge-baSkt: akushala

Schatztext

treasure text

Texts planted by Indian or Tibetan masters, either in a physical location, such as inside a pillar of a temple, or in the minds of disciples and hidden there for safekeeping during times that were not conducive for their practice. Often referred to by the transliterated Tibetan term "terma."

Tib: gter-ma

schlafende Faktoren

dormant factor

Literally, something that is "asleep to the taste of the mind." Affecting variables, associated with mental continuums, which are "lying down" and not rushing to manifest mind (consciousness). They include subliminal awareness, tendencies, and habits.

Tib: bag-la nyal

Schleier

obscuration

A fleeting stain that temporarily "covers" or accompanies mental activity (more precisely, clear light mental activity), thereby preventing the mental activity from cognizing objects without suffering or other limitations. Some translators render the term as "obstacle."

Tib: sgribSkt: avarana

Schleier, die die Allwissenheit verhindern

obscurations preventing omniscience

See: cognitive obscurations

Schleier, die die Befreiung verhindern

obscurations preventing liberation

See: emotional obscurations

Schleier, emotionale

obscurations, emotional

See: emotional obscurations

Schleier, fünf

obscurations, five

See: five obscurations

Schleier des Nicht-Wissens

obscurations of not knowing

Mental blocks that come from not knowing the Dharma in general or specifically not knowing about the emotional and cognitive obscurations. These mental blocks prevent the attainment of liberation and enlightenment.

Tib: mi-shes sgrib

Schleier in Form von störenden Emotionen und Geisteshaltungen

obscurations that are the disturbing emotions and attitudes

See: emotional obscurations

Schleier über alles, was man kennen kann

obscurations about all knowables

See: cognitive obscurations

Schlüsselpunkte

key points

The most important main points of a topic.

Tib: gnad

schlussfolgernde Wahrnehmung

inferential cognition

A valid conceptual way of cognizing an obscure object through reliance on a correct line of reasoning as its basis.

Tib: rjes-dpagSkt: anumana

Schwanken, unentschlossenes

wavering, indecisive

See: indecisive wavering

Schwelle

threshold

Auch übersetzt als: dem Erreichen nahe, schwarze Erscheinung

Tib: nyer-thob

schwerwiegende Handlungen

thick actions

A set of eight actions that, at either a yoga or anuttarayoga empowerment, one vows to avoid and which, if committed, weaken meditation practice and hamper progress along the tantra path. Also called: secondary tantric vows.

According to non-Buddhist Indian tenet systems, something findable, either with or without being a conscious phenomenon, inside the body of a person, and which is static, a partless monad, separable from the body, and self-sufficiently knowable.

Tib: bdagSkt: atman

Segen

blessings

See: inspiration

segensreiche Erfahrung

boon experience

In mahamudra meditation, an experience of bliss, clarity, nonconceptuality, and bareness that arises as a bonus result of the attainment of a stilled and settled state of shamatha. With this experience, the meditator still has a dualistic sense of there being the meditator on the one side and, on the other, these four as things to be meditated on or experienced.

Tib: nyams

Sehbewusstsein

consciousness, eye

See: eye consciousness

sehnsüchtiges Verlangens

longing desire

The disturbing emotion that exaggerates the good qualities of an object that one does not possess and wishes to obtain it.

Tib: 'dod-chagsSkt: raga

selbst-begründend

self-establishing nature

See: self-nature

selbst-begründete Existenz

self-established existence

See: existence established by self-nature

Selbstbezogenheit / sich nur um das eigene Wohl kümmern

self-cherishing

The attitude with which one considers oneself as the most important being and has affection for and takes care of only oneself.

Tib: rang bces-par 'dzin-pa

Selbstdisziplin

self-discipline

See: ethical self-discipline

Selbstdisziplin, ethische

self-discipline, ethical

See: ethical self-discipline

selbstentstehendes tiefes Gewahrsein

self-arising deep awareness

In Nyingma, the aspect of pure awareness (rigpa) that automatically arises with awareness of its own two truths or its own threefold nature. Synonymous with reflexive deep awareness.

Tib: rang-byung ye-shes

Selbst-Erzeugung

self-generation

Synonymous with "sadhana." A meditation method in which one visualizes and imagines oneself to be a Buddha-figure for which one has received empowerment. See: sadhana.

Tib: bdag-bskyed

Selbst-Initiation

self-initiation

A tantric meditation practice in which one visualizes receiving the entire empowerment (initiation) ritual for a Buddha-figure, performed in order to renew one's tantric vows. It may only be performed if one has done the serviceability retreat of that particular Buddha-figure and the fire-puja afterwards.

Tib: bdag-'jug

Selbstleerheit

self-voidness

The absence of any phenomenon existing, by "self"-nature, in an impossible manner.

Tib: rang-stong

Selbstnatur

self-nature

Something on the side of an object or phenomenon that (1) establishes the existence, in general, of the object or phenomenon and (2) establishes, as well, what the object or phenomenon is. A self-nature may do this either by its own power alone, or by its own power in conjunction with mental labeling. The term may also be translated as "self-establishing nature."

Tib: rang-bzhin

Sem

sem

All levels of awareness (levels of mind) that are tainted with the fleeting stains of the emotional and cognitive obscurations. All levels of awareness other than rigpa. Translated as "limited awareness."

The Able One of the Shakya Clan, the Sage of the Shakya Clan, an epithet of Buddha

Tib: shakya'i thub-paSkt: Shakyamuni

Shamatha

shamatha

See: stilled and settled state of mind

Shine

zhinay

See: stilled and settled state of mind

Tib: zhi-gnas

Shravaka

shravaka

Literally, "listeners" to Buddha's teachings - practitioners of the Hinayana vehicle who, motivated by renunciation, strive to attain liberation from uncontrollably recurring rebirth (samsara) and to become an arhat (liberated being) of either the shravaka or pratyekabuddha class. They practice, based on having listened to Buddha's teachings. Some translators render the term as "hearer."

Tib: nyan-thosSkt: shravaka

Shravaka-Arhat

shravaka arhat

A shravaka that has attained liberation. See also: shravaka.

Tib: nyan-thos dgra-bcomSkt: shravaka arhat

Sichbefassen, kognitives

engagement, cognitive

See: cognitive engagement

sich einem spirituellen Lehrer von ganzem Herzen anvertrauen

wholehearted commitment to a spiritual mentor

See: relating to a spiritual mentor in a healthy manner

sich entwickelnde Eigenschaften

evolving traits

See: evolving family-traits

sich entwickelnde Familieneigenschaften

evolving family-traits

(1) In the Chittamatra system, the tendencies (seeds) that, newly gained by listening, contemplating and meditating on Buddha's teachings, are imputable on the basis of the stained minds of each limited being and which serve as factors allowing that being to attain arya pathway minds. (2) In the Svatantrika-Madhyamaka system, the factors, imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being, that are fit to become the essential nature of a deep awareness Dharmakaya. (3) In the Prasangika-Madhyamaka system, the factors imputable on the basis of the stained mind of each limited being that are fit to become the essential natures of a Corpus of Forms and a deep awareness Dharmakaya of a Buddha.

Tib: rgyas-'gyur-gyi rigs

sichere Ausrichtung, letztendliche Quelle der

safe direction, ultimate source of

See: ultimate source of safe direction

sichere Ausrichtung, vorläufige Quelle der

safe direction, provisional source of

See: provisional source of safe direction

sichere Richtung / sichere Ausrichtung

safe direction

A direction that one puts in one's life that will protect one from true suffering and its true causes, and, when one reaches the goal of this direction, allows one to avoid true suffering and its true causes forever. Some translators render this as "refuge."

To put a direction in one's life, which, when one goes in it, protects one from true suffering and its true causes and which, when one reaches its endpoint, allows one to avoid true suffering and its true causes forever. Some translators render this as "take refuge," but it has no connotation of merely opening up and passively receiving protection.

To turn toward the direction indicated by the Three Rare and Supreme Gems (Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha) and to put that safe direction in one's life. Some translators render this as "go for refuge to the Three Gems."

Tib: dkon-mchog-gsum-la skyabs-su-'gro

sich gegenseitig ausschließend

mutually exclusive

Two sets are mutually exclusive if they do not share any common locus -- neither contains a member that also belongs to the other. Also translated as "contradictory."

A epithet of a Buddha -- one who has gone to the goal of enlightenment through nonconceptual cognition of voidness, the very nature of reality (thusness).

Tib: de-bzhin gshegs-paSkt: tathagata

Soheit

thusness

See: very nature of reality

solides "Ich"

solidly existing "me"

See: solid "me"

solides "Ich"

solid "me"

A "me" that exists as a concrete, autonomous entity, as if it had a line around it or were encapsulated in plastic. A general, nontechnical term for the false "me" (the "me" to be refuted), which has never existed at all.

Speicherbewusstsein

storehouse consciousness

See: all-encompassing foundation consciousness

spezifische Alaya des Gewahrseins

specific-awareness alaya

In the Karma Kagyu system, a synonym for alayavijnana. See: all-encompassing foundation for all.

Tib: kun-shes rnam-shes

spezifisches Bewusstsein

specific consciousness

See: specific awareness

spezifisches Gewahrsein

specific awareness

In the Karma Kagyu system, the aspect of mental activity that is aware of the specific type of awareness of an object that has arisen and the specific object that it is aware of. In a looser sense, awareness of the details that have arisen and one is aware of in a cognition.

Tib: rnam-shesSkt: vijnana

spiegelgleiches tiefes Gewahrsein

mirror-like deep awareness

One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness that takes in all the information about an object of cognition. Also called: deep awareness that is like a mirror.

Tib: me-long lta-bu'i ye-shes

Spiegelung

reflection

See: mental derivative

Spiegelung, geistige / Wiederspiegelung, geistige

reflection, mental

See: mental derivative

spiritueller Lehrer

spiritual teacher

A general term for the four levels of Buddhist teachers: a Buddhism professor, a Dharma instructor, a meditation trainer or ritual trainer, and a spiritual mentor.

spiritueller Mentor

spiritual mentor

A Buddhist teacher who has had stable realizations, who embodies the teachings in the sense of having integrated them into his or her life, and who confers vows on disciples.

Tib: dge-ba'i bshes-gnyenSkt: kalyanamitra

spontan Erscheinungen hervorbringen

spontaneously establishing appearances

The functional nature of rigpa (pure awareness), which is that it automatically, without any effort, gives rise to pure appearances.

Tib: lhun-grub

stabile Verwirklichung

stable realization

In mahamudra meditation, the state of mind in which the meditator has nonconceptual bare cognition of there being no dualism of meditator and meditation.

Tib: rtogs-pa

stabilisierende Meditation / verankernde Meditation

stabilizing meditation

A method for habituating oneself to an insight, understanding, or state of mind in which one focuses on an object with that desired insight, understanding, or state of mind and with full conviction in its validity, but without the mental factors of gross detection (investigation) or subtle discernment (scrutiny). Also translated sometimes as "fixating meditation."

Tib: 'jog-sgom

Stabilität, geistige

stability, mental

See: mental stability

Stärken

strengthening

The special discriminating awareness employed for expanding one's discriminating awareness and not letting it be crushed by countering factors, such as attachment to anything. One of the ten Mahayana far-reaching attitudes (ten perfections).

Tib: stobsSkt: bala

statisch

static

See: static phenomenon

statische Abstraktion

static abstraction

See: static phenomenon

statisches Phänomen

static phenomenon

Phenomena that are unaffected by causes and circumstances and, consequently, do not change from moment to moment and do not produce any effects. Somewhat similar to unchanging facts, they are imputed about some validly knowable phenomenon and only exist and can be validly known so long as the basis for their imputation lasts. Sometimes translated as "static abstractions." Some translators render the term as "permanent phenomena."

Tib: rtag-paSkt: nitya

Statischsein

staticness

The noncongruent affecting variable of not changing from moment to moment. Sometimes translated as "permanence."

Tib: rtag-paSkt: nitya

Stattfinden, nicht länger

happening, no-longer

See: no-longer-happening

Stattfinden, noch nicht

happening, not-yet

See: not-yet-happening

Stattfinden, vergangenes

happening, passed

See: no-longer-happening

still gewordener und zur Ruhe gekommener Geisteszustand

stilled and settled state of mind

A state of mind, attained through meditation, in which the mind is stilled of all mental flightiness and mental dullness, is settled down on an object and remains there, and is accompanied by an exhilarating sense of fitness. Also called a "serenely stilled and settled state of mind," "shamatha." Some translators render the term as "calm abiding" or "mental quiescence."

A subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that, when it arises, causes oneself to lose peace of mind and incapacitates oneself so that one loses self-control. An indication that one is experiencing a disturbing emotion or attitude is that it makes oneself and/or others feel uncomfortable. Some translators render this term as "afflictive emotions" or "emotional afflictions."

The advanced level of aspiring bodhichitta, with which one focuses on one's own not-yet-happening enlightenment, imputable on the bais of the Buddha-nature factors oon one's mental continuum, with the intention to attain that enlightenment and to benefit all beings by means of it, and then pledges never to give up this bodhichitta aim until one reaches that enlightenment. Abbreviated as: pledged aspiring bodhichitta.

Tib: smon-sems dam-bca'-can

Stufe des Vorwärtssprunges

leap-ahead stage

See: leap-ahead

Stupa

stupa

A monument within which are kept the relics of a great Buddhist master. Translated as a reliquary monument.

Tib: mchod-rtenSkt: stupa

Stütze

reliance

See: something that supports something else

subtile geistige Aktivität

mind, subtle

See: subtle mind

subtile geistige Aktivität

subtle mind

Mental consciousness, both conceptual and nonconceptual.

Tib: sems phra-mo

subtile kreative Tropfen

subtle creative energy-drops

See: creative energy-drops

subtiler Energiewind

subtle energy-winds

Subtle forms of energy that move within the subtle energy-channels of the subtle body and which are the "mount" (the physical basis) for consciousness, either in nonconceptual or conceptual cognition, transporting it through the subtle body. Through anuttarayoga complete stage practices, one can cause them to enter, abide, and dissolve in the central energy-channel and thereby make manifest the subtlest clear light mind.

Tib: rlung phra-mo

subtiler Körper

subtle body

Within the gross body of humans, the invisible system of energy-winds, energy-channels, energy-nodes (chakras), and creative energy-drops.

Tib: lus phra-mo

subtile Unbeständigkeit

subtle impermanence

A nonstatic phenomenon's drawing closer each moment to its ultimate end, like a time bomb, based on the fact that the cause for the phenomenon's final disintegration or end is its coming into being, its arising.

Tib: mi-rtag-pa phra-mo

subtile Unterscheidungsfähigkeit

subtle discernment

A subsidiary awareness (mental factor) that actively understands the fine details of the nature of something, having scrutinized them thoroughly. It does not imply verbal thinking, although it may be induced by verbally thinking. According to Asanga, one of the four changeable subsidiary awarenesses. Also translated as "scrutiny," "analysis." and "discerning analysis."

Tib: dpyod-pa

subtilste geistige Aktivität / subtilster Geist

subtlest mind

See: clear light awareness

Tib: sems shin-tu phra-mo

subtilster Körper

subtlest body

The subtlest life-supporting energy-wind that accompanies each moment of subtlest mind.

Tib: lus shin-tu phra-mo

Sugata

Sugata

See: Blissfully Gone One

Sünde

sin

See: negative karmic force

Sutra

sutra

(1) Texts by Shakyamuni Buddha, both Hinayana and Mahayana, that discuss themes of practice.(2) Within the context of the Three Baskets (Tripitaka), the texts of Buddha that especially concern the training in higher concentration. (3) Within the context of Buddha's teachings divided into sutra and tantra, the division that does not entail visualization of oneself as a Buddha-figure. (3) Within the context of the twelve scriptural categories, the texts that present what Buddha had to say in a brief and condensed format. Also called: expositions on themes of practice.

Tib: mdoSkt: sutra

Sutra-Mahamudra

sutra mahamudra

Meditations on the nature of the mind with regard to only gross and subtle minds -- in other words, sensory and mental consciousness -- and not with regard to the subtlest mind, clear light.

Tib: mdo'i phyag-chen

Svabhavakaya

Svabhavakaya

See: Corpus of Essential Nature

Taktile Empfindungen und andere Körperempfindungen

tactile sensations

See: physical sensations

Tantra

tantra

(1) An everlasting stream of continuity. On the causal level, the mental continuum, with its various aspects of Buddha-nature. On the pathway level, the continuity of practices involving Buddha-figures. On the resultant level, the continuity of the various corpuses or bodies of a Buddha. (2) The texts that discuss the above topics.

Tib: rgyudSkt: tantra

Tantra, nichtduales

tantra, nondual

See: nondual tantra

Tantra-Mahamudra

tantra mahamudra

See: mantra mahamudra

tantrische Nebengelübde

secondary tantric vows

See: thick actions

tantrischer Meister

tantric master

A spiritual mentor who confers on disciples tantric vows. According to some commentaries, a spiritual mentor who confers on disciples empowerments and subsequent permissions from any of the classes of tantra.

An intensive tantric meditation practice, done over many meditation sessions, during which one performs the sadhana and recites the mantra of a Buddha-figure ten thousand, one hundred thousand, or many hundreds of thousands of times, depending on the number of syllables in the mantra. When completed and finished off with the appropriate fire puja, this intensive practice makes the mind fit to be used (fit to be put into service) for more advanced tantric practices with that Buddha-figure.

Tib: las-rung

Tendenz, karmische

tendency, karmic

See: karmic tendency

Terma

terma

See: treasure text

Tib: gter-ma

Test

test

Test für Christian

tiefes Gewahrsein

deep awareness

(1) In the context of the five types of deep awareness, a type of principal awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. It is "deep" in the sense that it is a fundamental way in which the mind works and has always been there, primordially, with no beginning and no end. (2) When contrasted with "discriminating awareness" (Tib. shes-rab) in the non-Gelug usage of the term, the principal awareness that nonconceptually cognizes the deepest truth of something (its inseparable voidness and appearance), beyond all words and concepts. (3) In the context of the ten Mahayana far-reaching attitudes, when contrasted with "discriminating awareness," principal awareness that nonconceptually cognizes the two truths of something. (4) In the context of an arya's nonconceptual cognition of voidness, in the Gelug usage, either the principal awareness that explicitly and nonconceptually cognizes voidness (deepest truth) during total absorption or the principal awareness that implicitly and nonconceptually cognizes voidness during subsequent attainment.

Tib: ye-shesSkt: jnana

tiefes Gewahrsein, das wie ein Spiegel ist

deep awareness that is like a mirror

See: mirror-like deep awareness

tiefes Gewahrsein, reflexives

deep awareness, reflexive

See: reflexive deep awareness

tiefes Gewahrsein, selbstentstehendes

deep awareness, self-arising

See: self-arising deep awareness

tiefes Gewahrsein, vollbringendes

deep awareness, accomplishing

See: accomplishing deep awareness

tiefes Gewahrsein, wie man Werke vollbringt

deep awareness to accomplish things

See: accomplishing deep awareness

tiefes Gewahrsein der Gleichheit der Dinge

deep awareness of the equality of things

See: equalizing deep awareness

tiefes Gewahrsein der Individualität der Dinge

deep awareness of the individuality of things

See: individualizing deep awareness

tiefes Gewahrsein der Realität

deep awareness of reality

One of the five types of deep awareness that all beings have as an aspect of Buddha-nature. The deep awareness of the superficial truth of something -- namely, awareness of what it is. When developed on the spiritual path, this deep awareness may also be of the deepest truth of something -- namely, its voidness. Also called: deep awareness of the sphere of reality.

Tib: chos-dbyings ye-shesSkt: dharmadhatu-jnana

tiefes Gewahrsein der Wirklichkeitssphäre / der Realitätssphäre

deep awareness of the sphere of reality

See: deep awareness of reality

tiefste Ebene

deepest level

The level of some phenomenon that is veiled or concealed by something more superficial about that phenomenon. Sometimes translated as "ultimate level" or "deepest ultimate level."

Tib: don-dam-pa

tiefste Ebene der kostbaren Juwelen

deepest level Precious Gems

The level of the Three Rare and Supreme Gems that are concealed by the apparent level gems.

Tib: don-dam-pa'i dkon-mchog

tiefstes Bodhichitta

deepest bodhichitta

The deep awareness that has nonconceptual cognition of voidness.

Tib: don-dam-pa'i byang-chub-gyi sems

tiefstes Buddhajuwel

deepest Buddha Gem

A Buddha's Dharmakaya as a source of safe direction (refuge).

Tib: don-dam-pa'i sangs-rgyas dkon-mchog

tiefstes Dharmajuwel

deepest Dharma Gem

The true stoppings and true pathway minds on the mental continuum of an arya, whether a layperson or a monastic, as a source of safe direction (refuge).

Tib: don-dam-pa'i chos dkon-mchog

tiefstes Sanghajuwel

deepest Sangha Gem

The true stoppings and true pathway minds on the mental continuum of an arya, whether a layperson or monastic, as a source of safe direction (refuge).

Tib: don-dam-pa'i dge-'dun dkon-mchog

tiefste Wahrheit

deepest truth

In the Mahayana tenet systems, a true fact about a phenomenon that is veiled or concealed by a more superficial true fact about the same phenomenon. Some translators render this term as "ultimate truth."

Tib: don-dam bden-paSkt: paramartha

tiefste Wahrheit

truth, deepest

See: deepest truth

Todes-Existenz

death existence

The period of time in the mental continuum of an individual limited being during which they experience death. Unless one successfully does advanced anuttarayoga tantra meditations at this time, this period lasts only one moment.

Being mistaken or confusing with respect to the appearance of something.

Tib: 'khrul-ba

trügerische Erscheinung

deceptive appearance

A cognitive object that appears to exist in a manner different from the way in which it actually exists.

Tib: 'khrul-snang

trügerische Wahrnehmung

deceptive cognition

A cognition that takes a phenomenon's mode of existence that it makes appear -- namely, an appearance of its seemingly true existence -- to be the phenomenon's actual mode of existence. The deceptive cognition may be either accurate or distorted with respect to the appearance it makes of the superficial truth of what the phenomenon conventionally is.

Being so concerned about oneself and what others think of oneself and that one doesn't make any mistakes, that one becomes awkward and cannot act naturally. Often teenagers are like this. They have pimples on their faces and are so self-conscious about them that they think everyone is looking at them.

Übertragung, mündliche

transmission, oral

See: oral transmission

Übertragung des Bewusstseins

transference of consciousness

See: phowa

Übertretung der tantrischen Wurzelgelübde des Kalachakra

Kalachakra tantra root downfall

A transgression of one of the version of the root tantric vows that is specific to the practice of Kalachakra.

Übertretung der tantrischen Wurzelgelübde des Kalachakra

root downfall, Kalachakra tantra

See: Kalachakra tantra root downfall

Übertretung der Wurzelgelübde

root downfall

A transgression of a root bodhisattva or root tantric vow, which, if it is a full transgression, acts as a root for falling to rebirth in one of the worse rebirth states.

Tib: rtsa-ltung

Übertretung des Wurzelgelübdes

downfall, root

See: root downfall

überzeugtes Glauben /überzeugter Glaube

confident belief

See: belief in a fact based on reason

Überzeugtsein, festes / Überzeugung, feste

conviction, firm

See: firm conviction

umfassend

pervasive

"x" is pervasive with "y" if, whenever "x" is the case, so is "y". Used in such formulations as "If "x" is the case, then it is pervasive that "y" is the case."

Tib: khyab

umfassendes Fahrzeug

Vast Vehicle

See: Vast Vehicle of Mind

umfassendes Fahrzeug des Geistes

Vast Vehicle of Mind

See: Mahayana

umfassende Wirkung

comprehensive result

See: dominating result

umfassende Wirkung

result, comprehensive

See: dominating result

unbedingtes Phänomen

unconditioned phenomenon

See: unaffected phenomenon

unbefleckt

untainted

Something that does not derive from a disturbing emotion or attitude, or is not related in any way with a disturbing emotion or attitude. Also translated as "unmixed with confusion" or "dissociated from confusion." Many translators render this term as "uncontaminated."

Tib: zag-medSkt: anashrava

unbefleckte Aggregate

untainted aggregates

Aggregate factors of someone's experience that do not include the causes that will obtain for that being any further samsaric rebirths.

Tib: zag-med-kyi phung-po

unbeständiges Phänomen

impermanent phenomenon

See: nonstatic phenomenon

Unbeständigkeit / Veränderlichkeit

impermanence

See: nonstaticness

Unbewegliche, drei

immovables, three

See: three immovables

unentschiedene Wahrnehmung

nondetermining cognition

A cognition of an object, in which (a) the involved object is an objective entity, (b) a mental aspect (mental hologram) of the involved object arises, but (c) there is no ascertainment (certainty, decisiveness) of what the involved object is or that the cognition of it has occurred. Also called: inattentive cognition.

Tib: snang-la ma-nges-pa

unentschlossenes Schwanken

indecisive wavering

The mental factor (subsidiary awareness) that entertains two opinions about what is true – in other words, wavering between accepting or rejecting what is true. One of the six root disturbing emotions and attitudes. Sometimes translated as "doubt."

Tib: the-tshoms

unentschlossene Wahrnehmung

indecisive cognition

See: indecisive wavering

Unentschlossenheit

indecisiveness

See: indecisive wavering

unermesslich herrlicher Palast

immeasurably magnificent palace

A palace visualized in tantra practice as part of the supporting mandala. Each architectural feature of the palace represents one or another realization gained along the tantra path, and inside the palace reside one or more Buddha-figures.

Tib: gzhal-yas khang

Unglücklichsein

unhappiness

That feeling which, when it arises, one wants to be parted from it.

Tib: mi-bde-baSkt: du:kha (duhkha)

ungültige Wahrnehmung

invalid cognition

(1) According to Gelug Sautrantika, Gelug Chittamatra, and Gelug Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, a cognition that is not fresh, or one that is fallacious, or one that is both not fresh and fallacious. (2) According to Gelug Prasangika and all tenet systems according to non-Gelug, a fallacious cognition.

A method for developing a bodhichitta aim, consisting of (1) developing mere equanimity, (2) developing uncommon Mahayana equanimity, as a way to regard all others equally in the same way as one regards oneself, (3) thinking of the disadvantages of a self-cherishing attitude, (4) thinking of the advantages of cherishing others, (5) giving and taking, with attitudes of love and compassion, as a way of exchanging one's attitudes about self and others, (6) exceptional resolve, and (7) developing a bodhichitta aim.

Tib: bdag-gzhan mnyam-brje

unterbewusstes Gewahrsein

subliminal awareness

See: subliminal cognition

unterbewusste Wahrnehmung

subliminal cognition

A cognition in which the consciousness gives rise to a mental hologram of a cognitive object and, in which, the cognitive object appears, through that hologram, only to the consciousness of the subliminal cognition and only that consciousness cognizes it. The cognitive object of the subliminal cognition does not appear to the person and is not cognized by the person. Nor does it appear to or is it cognized by the consciousness of the manifest cognition that is simultaneously occurring and overpowering the subliminal cognition.

Tib: bag-la nyal-gyi shes-pa

unterscheiden

discriminate

(1) To differentiate decisively between two things -- for example, between what is correct and incorrect, (2) to single out something and come to a decisive conclusion about it, for example to incorrectly discriminate the shravaka teachings as being essential for only shravakas, and worthless for bodhisattvas.

Unterscheiden

distinguishing

One of the five ever-functioning subsidiary awarenesses (mental factors) that takes an uncommon characteristic feature of the appearing object of a nonconceptual cognition or an outstanding feature of the appearing object of a conceptual cognition, and ascribes a conventional significance to it, different from that of everything else that appears in the background within that cognition. It does not necessarily ascribe a name or mental label to its object, nor does it compare it with previously cognized objects. Some translators render the term as "recognition."

Tib: 'du-shesSkt: samjna

unterscheidendes Gewahrsein

discriminating awareness

The mental factor that decisively discriminates between what is correct and what is incorrect, or between what is helpful and what is harmful, or between what is appropriate or what is inappropriate, or between what is reality and what is not reality. When conjoined with a bodhichitta aim, it becomes a far-reaching attitude.

Tib: shes-rabSkt: prajna

Unterscheidung

discrimination

See: discriminating awareness

Unterscheidungsvermögen, subtiles

discernment, subtle

See: subtle discernment

unterstützendes Mandala

supporting mandala

The immeasurably magnificent palace of a symbolic world system, together with the environment around it, visualized in tantra practice.

Tib: rten-pa'i dkyil-'khor

unterstütztes Mandala

supported mandala

The set of Buddha-figures residing inside the immeasurably magnificent palace of a symbolic world system visualized in tantra practice.

Tib: brten-pa'i dkyil-'khor

Untersuchen / Untersuchung

investigation

See: gross detection

Unterteilungen machendes Bewusstsein

dividing consciousness

A consciousness that makes dualistic appearances, dividing a moment of experience into an appearance of independently existing consciousness (subject) and object. It is a Kagyu/Nyingma explanation.
The Tibetan is rnam-shes, the same as the usual word for consciousness. It is defined like this only in some very special places.

Tib: rnam-shes

untrennbar

inseparable

Two facts about the same attribute of an object are inseparable if, when one is the case, so is the other. The two facts may inseparably both be the case either naturally or made to be so through the power of meditation.

Tib: dbyer-med

unveränderlicher Vajra-Körper

Immutable Vajra Body

See: Immutable Vajra Corpus

unveränderlicher Vajra-Körper

Immutable Vajra Corpus

In some Kagyu mahamudra systems, synonymous with "Vajra Corpus" in the meaning of the unchanging nature of the other four Corpuses of a Buddha.

Tib: mi-'gyur rdo-rje'i sku

Unwissenheit

unawareness

(1) According to Vasubandhu and Asanga, not knowing. (2) According to Dharmakirti, knowing in an inverted (incorrect) manner. In both cases, unawareness is of either behavioral cause and effect, or of the lack of an impossible "soul" or voidness. Translators often render the term as "ignorance."

Tib: ma-rig-paSkt: avidya

Unwissenheit, automatisch erscheinende

unawareness, automatically arising

See: automatically arising unawareness

Unwissenheit, doktrinär bedingte

unawareness, doctrinally based

See: doctrinally based unawareness

Ursache

cause

A nonstatic phenomenon able to bring about the production or arising of something.

The essential nature of rigpa (pure awareness), which refers to its being pure of all stains, without a beginning.

Tib: ka-dag

ursprünglicher Geist

primordial mind

Awareness that, with no beginning, has been untainted by the fleeting stains of either the emotional or cognitive obscurations. A synonym for "clear light mind."

Tib: gnyug-sems

ursprünglicher Zustand

primordial state

The state of having, with no beginning, been untainted by the fleeting stains of either the emotional or cognitive obscurations. Descriptive of the clear light mind.

Tib: gnyug-ma

ursprüngliches tiefstes Alaya

primordial deepest alaya

In the dzogchen system, a synonym for basis rigpa. The source of all appearances of samsara and nirvana.

Tib: ye-don kun-gzhi

ursprünglich rein

primally pure

See: primal purity

ursprünglich reines Gewahrseins

primally pure awareness

See: primal purity

Ursprungsquelle // Geburtsquelle

natal source

That which gives rise to something, such as a womb for a baby or an oven for a loaf of bread.

Tib: rdzasSkt: dravya

Ursprungsquelle / Geburtsquelle

source, natal

See: natal source

Vaibhashika

Vaibhashika

A Hinayana school of Indian Buddhism that does not assert reflexive awareness and does assert external phenomena; a subdivision of the Sarvastivada school of Hinayana. One of the four Indian Buddhist tenet systems studied by all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.

Tib: Bye-brag smra-ba

Vajra-Körper

Vajra Body

See: Vajra Corpus

Vajra-Körper

Vajra Corpus

In some dzogchen systems, the voidness factor of the deep awareness of a Buddha's pure awareness (rigpa); the unchanging nature of the other corpuses of a Buddha. Also called Vajra Body.

Tib: rdo-rje-i skuSkt: vajrakaya

Vajra-Körper, unveränderlicher

Vajra Body, Immutable

See: Immutable Vajra Corpus

Vajra-Körper, unveränderlicher

Vajra Corpus, Immutable

See: Immutable Vajra Corpus

Vajrayana

Vajrayana

The Diamond-strong Vehicle of Mind, within Mahayana, that makes use of the tantra methods. Synonymous with "Mantrayana" and "Tantrayana."

Tib: rdo-rje theg-paSkt: vajrayana

Vasen-Ermächtigung

empowerment, vase

See: vase empowerment

verblendete Auffassung

deluded outlook

One of a set of five disturbing attitudes that view their objects in a certain way, for example as "me" or "mine." They seek and regard their objects as things to latch on to, without they themselves scrutinizing, analyzing, or investigating them. They are accompanied by either an interpolation or a repudiation, but they themselves do not interpolate or repudiate anything. Also called in full: "a disturbing, deluded outlook on life." Equivalent to the coined term "disturbing attitude." See: disturbing emotion or attitude.

Tib: lta-ba nyon-mongs-can

verblendete Auffassung in Bezug auf ein vergängliches Netzwerk

deluded outlook toward a transitory network

(1) According to Vasubandhu and Asanga, the disturbing attitude that regards some transitory network from one's own samsara-perpetuating five aggregates as "me" or as "mine." (2) According to Tsongkhapa, the disturbing attitude that focuses on the conventional "me" and regards it as a truly findable "me" identical with the aggregates, or as "me, the possessor, controller, or inhabitant" of the aggregates.

Tib: 'jig-tshogs-la lta-baSkt: satkayadrshti

verblendetes Gewahrsein

deluded awareness

A primary consciousness that is aimed at the alayavijnana in the Chittamatra system, or at the alaya for habits in the dzogchen system, and grasps at it to be the "me" to be refuted.

Tib: nyon-yid

Verblendung

delusion

See: disturbing emotion or attitude

verborgener Pfad des Sutra

hidden path of sutra

The mahamudra teachings concealed in the Mahayana sutras and passed down in lineage from Maitripa to Marpa to Milarepa to Gampopa.

Tib: mdo'i gsang-lam

verborgenes Mandala

hidden mandala

See: secret mandala

verborgenes Mantra

hidden mantra

Synonymous with "mantra."

Tib: gsang-sngagsSkt: guhyamantra

verborgenes Opfer

hidden offering

An offering of one's blissful awareness or of one's blissful awareness of voidness, visualized in the form of an offering goddess.

Tib: gsang-mchod

verbotene nicht lobenswerte Handlungen

prohibited uncommendable action

Ethically neutral (unspecified) actions that Buddha prohibited for certain types of practitioners, for instance monks or nuns, as detrimental to their spiritual practice.

The relationship between two items that do not naturally occur simultaneously and inseparably, but are made to do so through the power of meditation. Once the attainments of both are joined, then whenever one is the case or is occurring, so is the other.

Tib: sbyor-bcas dbyer-med

verbunden mit Verwirrung

associated with confusion

See: tainted

Verdienst

merit

See: positive karmic force

vereintes Paar

unified pair

A pair of items, joined inseparably, in which the initial attainment of both items occurs simultaneously. Sometimes used as a general term whether the initial attainment of both items occurs simultaneously or sequentially.

Tib: zung-'jugSkt: yuganaddha

Verfälschung / verfälschende Hinzufügung

interpolation

The projection or superimposition, onto an object, of a quality or a conventional or ultimate identity that it doesn't have. For instance, to superimpose true existence onto the conventionally existent "me." Literally, the term means "sticking feathers on to something." Some translators render it as "exaggeration," but it is not the exaggeration of something present. Rather, it is the adding of something that is not there, as if it were present.

Tib: sgro-'dogs

vergangenes Stattfinden

passed-happening

See: no-longer-happening

Vergegenwärtigung

mindfulness

(1) The subsidiary awareness (mental factor), similar to a mental glue, that keeps a mental hold on a cognitive object, so that it is not lost. (2) The recollection of something, with which the mind keeps a mental hold on a mental hologram that resembles and represents something previously cognized. The term is often rendered as "memory" or "remembering," but has nothing to do with the recording or storage of mental information.

To totally weaken the effectiveness of something, such as the positive force of a constructive act, such that it ripens into something far less and more distant in the future, but without completely eliminating its potential to ripen.

The action of thinking with a distorted outlook and, in addition, wishing to repudiate, with hostility, anyone that disagrees with one's view. Also called: "thinking with a distorted, antagonistic attitude.

Tib: log-lta

verzerrte Ansicht

distorted view

See: distorted outlook

verzerrte Auffassung

distorted outlook

The disturbing attitude that regards an actual cause, an actual effect, an actual functioning, or an existent phenomenon as not being actual or existent. According to Tsongkhapa, it may also regard a false cause, a false effect, a false functioning, or a nonexistent phenomenon as true or existent. Also translated as "distorted view," other translators render it as "wrong view" or "false view."

Tib: log-lta

verzerrte Wahrnehmung

distorted cognition

A way of being aware of something that takes its object incorrectly. Conceptual distorted cognition is deceived with respect to its conceptualized object; nonconceptual distorted cognition is deceived with respect to its involved object.

Tib: log-shes

vier Ausrichtungen der Vergegenwärtigung

four placements of mindfulness

See: four close placements of mindfulness

vier Axiome

four axioms

The four axioms for examining a Dharma teaching in order to accept its validity: (1) dependency, (2) functionality, (3) establishment by reason, and (4) the nature of things.

Tib: rigs-pa bzhi

vier bindende Faktoren

four binding factors

Factors which, when they accompany someone's acting in breach of a vow, bind that person to the full karmic result, in the sense of guaranteeing that the full karmic result will follow.

Tib: kun-dkris bzhi

vier Buddhakörper

Four Buddha-Bodies

See: Four Corpuses of a Buddha

vier feste Ausrichtungen der Vergegenwärtigung

four close placements of mindfulness

Von anderen Autoren als "vier Grundlagen der Achtsamkeit" übersetzt.

Tib: dran-pa nyer-bzhag bzhiSkt: smrtyupasthana

vier Freuden

four joys

See: four gradations of joyful awareness

vier Grundlagen des Vertrauen

four placements of confidence

Don’t place your confidence on the person, place it on his or her teachings; don’t place your confidence on his or her words, place it on their meanings; don’t place your confidence on their interpretable meanings, place it on their definitive meanings; (to understand them) don’t place your confidence on your dividing consciousness, place it on your deep awareness.

Tib: rton-pa bzhi

vier Gruppen von angewendeten Verwirklichungen

four sets of applied realizations

Also translated as: four yogas

Tib: sbyor-ba bzhi

vier Kennzeichen des Dharma

four hallmarks of the Dharma

Four points which, if contained in a system of teachings, indicate that the system is a Buddhist one: (1) all affected (conditioned) phenomena are nonstatic (impermanent), (2) all tainted phenomena are problematic (suffering), (3) all phenomena are devoid and lacking an impossible "soul," while (4) a nirvana release is a pacification and something constructive. Also called "four sealing points for labeling an outlook as being based on enlightening words."

Tib: chos-kyi sdom-pa bzhi

vier Kennzeichen des Dharma

hallmarks of the Dharma, four

See: four hallmarks of the Dharma

vier Körper eines Buddha

Four Corpuses of a Buddha

(1) A Corpus of Emanations (Nirmanakaya), (2) Corpus of Full Use (Sambhogakaya), (3) Corpus of Deep Awareness Encompassing Everything (Jnanadharmakaya), and (4) Corpus of Essential Nature of a Buddha.

Tib: sku-bzhi

vierte Ermächtigung

fourth empowerment

Also called: word empowerment (tshig-dbang)

Tib: dbang bzhi-pa

Vinaya

vinaya

See: rules of discipline

Vipassana

vipassana

Vipassana (Pali for vipashyana) is a state of mind that cognizes clearly, distinctly and directly the true nature of the breath, thoughts, and all other affecting variables -- namely their being nonstatic (impermanent), suffering, and, in relation to them, the lack of an impossible soul. Also, the Theravada practices leading to this state of mind. See also: exceptionally perceptive state of mind.

A state of mind having the joined pair of shamatha and vipashyana, and in which absorbed concentration is focused single-pointedly on a voidness that is like space. It may be either conceptual or nonconceptual. Sometimes translated as "meditative equipoise."

Tib: mnyam-bzhagSkt: samahita

völlig konzeptionelle Phänomene

totally conceptional phenomena

(1) In the context of the Chittamatra tenet-system, all static phenomena other than the various types of voidness, true stoppings, and nirvana, plus all non-existent phenomena. (2) In the context of the Madhyamaka tenet-system, all non-existent phenomena, especially true existence.

Tib: kun-btagsSkt: parikalpita

vollkommen begründete Phänomene

thoroughly established phenomena

(1) In the context of the Mahayana tenet system, a synonym for deepest truths. Specifically, in the Chittamatra system, the various voidnesses, true stoppings, and nirvana. (2) In the Buddhist medical system, hereditary, congenital diseases; genetic disorders.

Tib: yongs-grubSkt: parinishpanna

Vollkommenheit

perfection

See: far-reaching attitude

Vollkommenheit der Weisheit

perfection of wisdom

See: far-reaching discriminating awareness

vollkommen imaginäre Formen physischer Phänomene

totally imaginary forms of physical phenomena

Forms of physical phenomena included only among cognitive stimulators that are all phenomena and which appear in certain mental states, such as the sensory objects appearing in dreams and the conceptually implied objects in visualizations and imaginings.

Tib: kun-btags-pa'i gzugs

vom Intellekt herrührt

intellectually derived

Descriptive of meditation with verbal thoughts based on conceptual schemes.

Tib: blos-byas

von anderem beeinflusstes Phänomen

other-powered phenomena

See: dependent phenomenon

von Menschhand geschaffene Wirkung, die künstlich erzeugt wurde

man-made result that is produced

Something material, such as a vase, a bruise, or a profit, that arises from someone's effort or actions, but which does not ripen from that person's karma.

Practices, such as prostration, usually repeated 100,000 times, done as a method to build up positive force and cleanse negative force so as to have more success in tantra practice. Also called "ngondro."

The aryas with incomplete sets of true stoppings and true pathway minds on their mental continuums.

Tib: gnas-skabs-kyi skyabs-gnas

vorrangige Wirkung

overriding result

See: dominating result

Vorwärtssprung

leap-ahead

The practice, and resultant stage of the practice, in dzogchen during which one "leaps ahead" from the attainment of break-through, and during which effulgent rigpa gives rises to and cognizes itself as a rainbow body. During this stage, effulgent rigpa becomes increasingly more prominent, while essence rigpa is also prominently maintained. This stage is equivalent to an accustoming pathway of mind (path of meditation).

The elimination, forever, of some degree of either an emotional or a cognitive obscuration from a mental continuum. They occur only on the mental continuum of aryas -- those with nonconceptual cognition of voidness. Often translated as "true cessation."

Tib: 'gog-pa'i bden-paSkt: nirodha-satya

wahre Existenz

true existence

(1) An impossible mode of existence mistakenly considered to be true. Existence established or proven (a) merely by the power of something on the side of an object and not in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis, according to Gelug Svatantrika-Madhyamaka, or (b) by the power of something on the side of an object, either by itself or in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis, according to Gelug Prasangika-Madhyamaka. (2) A mode of existence that is true. Existence established or proven by (a) arising from causes and conditions, according to Jetsunpa and Kunkhyen Gelug Sautrantika, or (b) the power of something on the side of an object, according to Panchen Gelug Sautrantika and Gelug Chittamatra. Also translated as "truly established existence."

Tib: bden-par grub-pa

wahre Identität, Mangel an

true identity, lack of

See: lack of true identities

wahre nichtzugeschriebene Existenz

true unimputed existence

Existence established or proven merely by the power of something on the side of an object and not in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis. According to Madhyamaka, an impossible mode of existence mistakenly considered to be true. Also called "truly and unimputedly established existence."

Tib: bden-par grub-pa

wahre Realität

true reality

A nontechnical term used for what actually exists.

wahrer Pfadgeist

true pathway mind

Also called: true path

Tib: lam-bdenSkt: marga-satya

wahrer Ursprung

true origin

Also translated as: true causes

Tib: kun-'byung bden-paSkt: samudaya-satya

wahrhaft auffindbare Existenz

true findable existence

Existence established or proven by the power of something findable on the side of an object, either by itself or in conjunction with being something imputable on a basis. According to Gelug Prasangika-Madhyamaka, an impossible mode of existence mistakenly considered to be true. Also called "truly and findably established existence."

A mental factor that brings one to the far shore of samsara, either to liberation or to enlightenment. There are either six or ten far-reaching attitudes. Also called "perfection." Theravada and Mahayana give slightly different lists of these. According to Mahayana, the six are the far-reaching attitudes of (1) generosity, (2) ethical self-discipline, (3) patience, (4) joyful perseverance, (5) mental stability, and (6) discriminating awareness (wisdom). The Mahayana list of ten adds the far-reaching attitudes of (7) skill in means, (8) aspirational prayer, (9) strengthening, and (10) deep awareness.

A prayer for the attainment of a spiritual goal or of the circumstances conducive for reaching that goal, in which the person making the prayer directs the positive force (merit) from a constructive action that he or she has done toward ripening into that attainment.

Tib: bsngo-baSkt: pranidhana

Wiedergeburtszustände, schlechte

rebirth states, worse

See: worse rebirth states

wiederkehrende Existenz

recurring existence

See: samsara

wie die Dinge sind (Soheit)

how things are

Also called: thusness.

Tib: de-nyid

wirkende Ursache

acting cause

All phenomena, other than the result itself, which do not impede the production of the result.

Tib: byed-rgyuSkt: karanahetu

wirklich

real

A nontechnical term for what actually exists.

wirklicher Zustand

actual state

The full definitional state of something, such as one of levels of mental constancy.

Tib: dngos-gzhi

wirksames Phänomen

functional phenomenon

(1) A validly knowable, existent object that performs a function -- in other words, it produces a result -- namely, a nonstatic phenomenon. (2) In the Vaibhashika system, all validly knowable, existent phenomenon, all of which at least perform the function of acting as an object for the valid cognition of them.

Tib: dngos-po

Wirkung, die der Ursache entspricht

result that corresponds to its cause

A result that in some way resembles its cause, either in the wish to repeat its causal action or in the experience of something happening back to one that resembles what one did.

Tib: rgyu-mthun-gyi 'bras-buSkt: nishyandaphalam

Wirkung, die der Ursache im eigenen Verhalten ähnelt

result that corresponds to its cause in one's behavior

The subsidiary awareness (mental factor) of liking or wishing to do an action, in a particular moment, similar to what one has done in the past. Also translated as "result that is similar to its cause in one's behavior" and "result that is similar to its cause in one's instinctive behavior."

Tib: byed-pa rgyu-mthun-gyi 'bras-bu

Wirkung, die der Ursache im eigenen Verhalten gleicht

result that is similar to its cause on one's behavior

See: result that corresponds to its cause in one's behavior

Wirkung, die der Ursache in der eigenen Erfahrung ähnelt

result that corresponds to its cause in one's experience

The experience of a situation in which something similar to one's previous action happens back to oneself. Also translated as "result that is similar to its cause on one's experience."

The level of a fully enlightened Buddha, attained as the result of Mahayana practice.

Tib: 'bras-bu

Wirkungsebene

resultant level

In the context of basis, pathway, and resultant levels of something being specified, the level of something, for instance Buddha-nature, in the state of a Buddha when it is fully purified.

Tib: 'bras-bu

wohlklingende Verse

melodic verses

One of the twelve scriptural categories. (1) Verses that Buddha uttered during the course of and at the conclusion of his sutras. (2) According to some explanations, scriptures of interpretable meaning.

Tib: dbyangs-kyis bsnyad-paSkt: geya

Wohlwollen

benevolence

The mental factor of wishing to benefit others, wishing others well. Often translated by others as "altruism."

Tib: phan-sems

Wörter, gestattete

words, permitted

See: permitted words

wundersame Emanation

miraculous emanations

(1) In mahamudra and dzogchen texts, a descriptive synonym for the mental aspects (mental appearances, mental holograms) that are produced by the clarity aspect of the mind and which are directly cognized by conceptual or nonconceptual cognition. (2) A synonym for extraphysical emanations.

Tib: rnam-'phrulSkt: vikurvana

wundersame Kräfte

miraculous powers

See: extraphysical emanations

Wurzelgelübde des Bodhisattva

root bodhisattva vows

The eighteen primary bodhisattva vows which, if kept purely, act as a root for attaining enlightenment, and which, if fully transgressed, act as a root for rebirth in one of the worse rebirth states.

Wurzelgelübde des Tantra

root tantric vows

The fourteen primary tantric vows which, if kept purely, act as a root for attaining enlightenment, and which, if fully transgressed, act as a root for rebirth in one of the worse rebirth states.

Wurzelguru

root guru

The spiritual teacher that inspires one the most, such that his or her inspiration serves as the root giving sustenance to one's spiritual growth.

Tib: rtsa-ba'i bla-ma

Wurzeln der Tugend

roots of virtue

See: roots of positive force

Wurzeln konstruktiver Kraft

roots of constructive force

See: roots of positive force

Tib: dge-rtsa

Wurzel positiver Kräfte

roots of positive force

The network of positive force (collection of merit), described from the point of view of it serving as the "root" for one to grow into a Buddha.

Tib: dge-ba'i rtsa-ba

Yogachara

Yogachara

Another name for the Chittamatra school of Indian Buddhism.

Tib: rNal-'byor spyod-pa

Yoga in sechs Sitzungen

Six-Session Yoga

In Gelug, a practice, recited six times daily, required of those who have received an anuttarayoga empowerment, through which they keep the nineteen closely bonding practices for the five Buddha-families.

Tib: Thun-drug rnal-'byor

zehn Ebenen eines höchst verwirklichten Geistes

ten levels of highly realized minds

also translated as: ten bhumi minds

Tib: sa-bcuSkt: dasha-bhumi

Zeit

time

An interval imputed or measured in the continuum of the occurrence of a sequence of cause and effect. Since time is conceptually imputable, time is a function of and therefore relative to the mind that conceptually imputes it.

Entrusting oneself, through mind and actions, to a fully qualified spiritual mentor. Also called: relying on a spiritual mentor, entrusting oneself to a spiritual mentor, whole-hearted commitment to a spiritual mentor. Often translated as: guru-devotion.

Tib: bshes-gnyen bsten-pa

Zuflucht/ Zufluchtnahme

refuge

See: safe direction

Zuflucht nehmen

refuge, take

See: take safe direction

Zuflucht nehmen

take refuge

See: take safe direction

Zufluchts-Präzeptor / die Zufluchten gebende Präzeptor

refuge preceptor

A spiritual mentor who has kept one of the sets of pratimoksha vows purely for a certain number of years and in whose presence spiritual seekers formally take refuge (put a safe direction in their lives), thus committing themselves to the Buddhist path.

At the time when the Buddhist teachings were only available in oral form, hearing the recitation of the teachings. Nowadays, also reading the teachings. By means of listening to the teachings, one learns about them.

The state of mind that is parted from conceptual constructs -- in other words, equivalent to the state parted from mental fabrication.

Tib: yid-byed bral-ba

Zustand getrennt von geistiger Fabrikation

state parted from mental fabrication

The state of mind that is parted from conceptual constructs.

Tib: spros-bral

zwanghafte Existenz

compulsive existence

Existence under the control of karma and disturbing emotions and attitudes. Synonym for uncontrollably recurring existence, samsara.

Tib: srid-pa

zwei Buddhakörper

Two Buddha-Bodies

See: Two Corpuses of a Buddha

Zweifel

doubt

See: indecisive wavering

zwei Körper eines Buddha

Two Corpuses of a Buddha

(1) A Corpus of Forms (Rupakaya) and (2) Corpus Encompassing Everything (Dharmakaya) of a Buddha.

Tib: sku-gnyis

Zweiunddreißig hervorragende Zeichen

thirty-two excellent signs

Auch übersetzt als "32 Hauptmerkmale".

Tib: mtshan bzang-po gsum-cu rtsa-gnyis

zweiundsechzig falsche Ansichten

sixty-two wrong views

A set of sixty-two incorrect positions regarding the past, present and future of the self, the universe, and so on, propounded by the eighteen non-Buddhist extremeists and refuted in Buddhism. Sometimes translated by others as the sixty-two bad views.

Tib: lta-ba ngan-pa drug-cu re-gnyis

zwei Wahrheiten

two truths

(1) In Hinayana, two types of validly knowable phenomena into which all existent phenomena can be divided: superficially true and deepest true phenomena. (2) In Gelug Mahayana, two true facts that can be validly known about any existent phenomenon. (3) In non-Gelug Mahayana, all existent phenomena cognized with dualistic appearance-making and cognized without dualistic appearance-making.