Monday, July 3, 2017

Physically Based Lens Flare

While playing Horizon Zero Dawn I got inspired by the lens flare they supported and decided to look into implementing some basic ones in Stingray. There were four types of flare I was particularly interested in.

Anisomorphic flare

Aperture diffraction (Starbursts)

Camera ghosts due to Sun or Moon (High Quality - What this post will cover)

Code and Results

Ghosts

The basic idea of the "Physically-Based Lens Flare" paper is to ray trace "bundles" into a lens system which will end up on a sensor to form a ghost. A ghost here refers to the de-focused light that reaches the sensor of a camera due to the light reflecting off the lenses. Since a camera lens is not typically made of a single optical lens but many lenses there can be many ghosts that form on it's sensor. If we only consider the ghosts that are formed from two bounces, that's a total of nCr(n,2) possible ghosts combinations (where n is the number of lens components in a camera lens)

Lens Interface Description

Ok let's get into it. To trace rays in an optical system we obviously need to build an optical system first. This part can be tedious. Not only have you got to find the "Lens Prescription" you are looking for, you also need to manually parse it. For example parsing the Nikon 28-75mm patent data might look something like this:

There is no standard way of describing such systems. You may find all the information you need from a lens patent, but often (especially for older lenses) you end up staring at an old document that seems to be missing important information required for the algorithm. For example, the Russian lens MIR-1 apparently produces beautiful lens flare, but the only lens description I could find for it was this:

MIP.1B manual

Ray Tracing

Once you have parsed your lens description into something your trace algorithm can consume, you can then start to ray trace. The idea is to initialize a tessellated patch at the camera's light entry point and trace through each of the points in the direction of the incoming light. There are a couple of subtleties to note regarding the tracing algorithm.

First, when a ray misses a lens component the raytracing routine isn't necessarily stopped. Instead if the ray can continue with a path that is meaningful the ray trace continues until it reaches the sensor. Only if the ray misses the sphere formed by the radius of the lens do we break the raytracing routine. The idea behind this is to get as many traced points to reach the sensor so that the interpolated data can remain as continuous as possible. Rays track the maximum relative distance it had with a lens component while tracing through the interface. This relative distance will be used in the pixel shader later to determine if a ray had left the interface.

Secondly, a ray bundle carries a fixed amount of energy so it is important to consider the distortion of the bundle area that occurs while tracing them. In In the paper, the author states:

"At each vertex, we store the average value of its surrounding neighbours. The regular grid of rays, combined with the transform feedback (or the stream-out) mechanism of modern graphics hardware, makes this lookup of neighbouring quad values very easy"

I don't understand how the transform feedback, along with the available adjacency information of the geometry shader could be enough to provide the information of the four surrounding quads of a vertex (if you know please leave a comment). Luckily we now have compute and UAVs which turn this problem into a fairly trivial one. Currently I only calculate an approximation of the surrounding areas by assuming the neighbouring quads are roughly parallelograms. I estimate their bases and heights as the average lengths of their top/bottom, left/right segments. The results are seen as caustics forming on the sensor where some bundles converge into tighter area patches while some other dilates:

This works fairly well but is expensive. Something that I intend to improve in the future.

Now that we have a traced patch we need to make some sense out of it. The patch "as is" can look intimidating at first. Due to early exits of some rays the final vertices can sometimes look like something went terribly wrong. Here is a particularly distorted ghost:

Aperture

The aperture shape is built procedurally. As suggested by Padraic Hennessy's blog I use a signed distance field confined by "n" segments and threshold it against some distance value. I also experimented with approximating the light diffraction that occurs at the edge of the apperture blades using a simple function:

Finally, I offset the signed distance field with a repeating sin function which can give curved aperture blades:

Starburst

The starburst phenomena is due to light diffraction that passes through the small aperture hole. It's a phenomena known as the "single slit diffraction of light". The author got really convincing results to simulate this using the Fraunhofer approximation. The challenge with this approach is that it requires bringing the aperture texture into Fourier space which is not trivial. In previous projects I used Cuda's math library to perform the FFT of a signal but since the goal is to bring this into Stingray I didn't want to have such a dependency. Luckily I found this little gem posted by Joseph S. from intel. He provides a clean and elegant compute implementation of the butterfly passes method which bring a signal to and from Fourier space. Using it I can feed in the aperture shape and extract the Fourier Power Spectrum:

This spectrum needs to be filtered further in order to look like a starburst. This is where the Fraunhofer approximation comes in. The idea is to basically reconstruct the diffraction of white light by summing up the diffraction of multiple wavelengths. The key observation is that the same Fourier signal can be used for all wavelengths. The only thing needed is to scale the sampling coordinates of the Fourier power spectrum:

(x0,y0) = (u,v)·λ·z0 for λ = 350nm/435nm/525nm/700nm

Summing up the wavelengths gives the starburst image. To get more interesting results I apply an extra filtering step. I use a spiral pattern mixed with a small rotation to get rid of any left over radial ringing artifacts (judging by the author's starburst results I suspect this is a step they are also doing):

Anti Reflection Coating

While some appreciate the artistic aspect of lens flare, lens manufacturers work hard to minimize them by coating lenses with anti-reflection coatings. The coating applied to each lenses are usually designed to minimize the reflection of a specific wavelength. They are defined by their thickness and index of refraction. Given the wavelength to minimize reflections for, and the IORs of the two medium involved in the reflection (say n0 and n2), the ideal IOR (n1) and thickness (d) of the coating are defined as n1 = sqrt(n0·n2) and d=λ/4·n1. This is known as a quarter wavelength anti-reflection coating. I've found this site very helpful to understand this phenomenon.

In the current implementation each lens coating specifies a wavelength the coating should be optimized for and the ideal thickness and IOR are used by default. I added a controllable offset to thicken the AR coating layer in order to conveniently reduce it's anti-reflection properties:

No AR Coating:

Ideal AR Coating:

AR Coating with offsetted thickness:

Optimisations

Currently the full cost of the effect for a Nikon 28-75mm lens is 12ms (3ms to ray march 352x32x32 points and 9ms to draw the 352 patches). The performance degrades as the sun disk is made bigger since it results in more and more overshading during the rasterisation of each ghosts. With a simpler lens interface like the 1955 Angenieux the cost decreases significantly. In the current implementation every possible "two bounce ghost" is traced and drawn. For a lens system like the Nikon 28-75mm which has 27 lens components, that's n!/r!(n-r)! = 352 ghosts. It's easy to see that this number can increase dramatically with the number of component.

An obvious optimization would be to skip ghosts that have intensities so low that their contributions are imperceptible. Using Compute/DrawIndirect it would be fairly simple to first run a coarse pass and use it to cull non contributing ghosts. This would reduce the compute and rasterization pressure on the gpu dramatically. Something I intend to do in future.

Conclusion

I'm not sure if this approach was ever used in a game. It would probably be hard to justify it's heavy cost. I feel this would have a better use case in the context of pre-visualization where a director might be interested in having early feedback on how a certain lens might behave in a shot.

Finally, be aware the author has filled a patent for the algorithm described in his paper, which may put limits on how you may use parts of what is described in my post. Please contact the paper's author for more information on what restrictions might be in place.

368 comments:

Regarding this:"I don't understand how the transform feedback, along with the available adjacency information of the geometry shader could be enough to provide the information of the four surrounding quads of a vertex (if you know please leave a comment)."

I may be wrong, but perhaps the author defines the cross section of the beam using a quad patch (bounded by 4 vertices). Therefore, the beam is not centered on a vertex, but rather on the center of the quad, so you don't have to share any information between different quads.

Have you looked into https://graphics.tudelft.nl/Publications-new/2013/LE13/PracticalReal-TimeLens.pdf (and https://placeholderart.wordpress.com/2015/01/19/implementation-notes-physically-based-lens-flares/)?

Microsoft office has a different version, and the entire version has the different setup file. Some of the version is Office 2013, Office 2016 and Office 365 etc. Go to www.office.com/setup and redeem your key. Office Com Setup is one of the most popular productivity programs around. If you have your product key handy, you don't even need a disc to start installing Office just visit office setup help. Norton is one of the most reliable antivirus providers in the market to download visit www.norton.com/setup . There are multiple manufacturers making printers for home and office use with varied range as printer series per the need and affordability of different customers. Printer Tech Support. It has become one of the most useful computer hardware devices that allow people to convert computer generated typescript into a physical printed document.

McAfee provides security for all sorts of users. They supply services and products for home and office at home, enterprise businesses with over 250 workers, and small organizations with under 250 employees, and also venture opportunities.mcafee.com activate

We are providing help and support for Microsoft office Setup and activation. Call us or email us the error or problem, our one of the expert contact you with the suitable perfect solution. Get the MS Office application suite and as per your need and see how it is easy to work with Microsoft Office.

With an Office 365 subscription, you get the latest Office apps – both the desktop and online versions – and updates when they’re released.office.com.setupNorton is one of the most reliable antivirus providers in the market. Norton is delivering top rated protection from mobile devices and computers. Norton has 3 antivirus packagesnorton.com/setupMicrosoft office setup is the software setup file with this setup file you can install on your computer and some of the supported device to use Microsoft office. www.office.com/setupMcAfee have the complete set of features which can protect your digital online and offline life of the computing devices, and it not only help you to protect it but also it can maintain the stability of your computer, increase the speed with inbuilt PC Optimisation tool.mcafee.com/activatemcafee card activate

Online Help – Step by Step guide for Norton Setup, Download & complete installation online. We are providing independent support service if in case you face problem to activate or Setup Norton product. Just fill the form and will get in touch with you as quick as possible.

mcafee.com/activate have the complete set of features which can protect your digital online and offline life of the computing devices, and it not only help you to protect it but also it can maintain the stability of your computer.

Mcafee.com/activate have the complete set of features which can protect your digital online life the computing devices, and it not only help you to protect it but also it can maintain the stability of your computer, increase the speed with inbuilt PC Optimisation tool.

We help in setting up and Installing Microsoft Office on your computer. We provide Technical Support and other services to you. We help you with great work and other details. We are here to help you. We help you with Microsoft Office and Office installation. We help you with Great technical services at an affordable price.visit:- www.office.com/setup

How you install or reinstall Office 365 or Office 2016 depends on whether your Office product is part of an Office for home or Office for business plan. If you're not sure what you have, see what office.com setup products are included in each plan and then follow the steps for your product.office-com setupoffice com/setupmcafee.com/activate

It is diffcult to setup canon printer but you no need to worry just visit canon.com/ijsetup and get help by printer experts. This will help you in setup all kind of canon printers by canon.com/ijsetup.

Before you plan to install the Office 2016 or Office 365 on your device beit a Computer, Laptop, Mobile Phone or a Tablet, you are required to takefew important steps on of them is to remove any existing Officeinstallations from your PC. Just like the previous Office products, Office2016 & 365 will conflict with the previously installed versions. So, itbecomes necessary to remove the previous office files properly.

We are providing help and support for Microsoft office Setup and activation. Call us or email us the error or problem, our one of the expert contact you with the suitable perfect solution. Get the MS Office application suite and as per your need and see how it is easy to work with Microsoft Office.Office.com/setupwww.office.com setupInstall Office

Norton is one of the most reliable antivirus providers in the market. Norton is delivering top rated protection from mobile devices and computers. Norton has 3 antivirus packagesnorton.com/setup

In case any message saying ‘Stop’ pops up while installing Microsoft Office 365 due to a compatibility issue, contact our live chat support.Our online Experts through live chat will guide you through the entire process of Office setup, covering all steps and issues.Keep your 25 characters long product key with you.

install office setup. it's very useful for business,school,home.Install Office SetupOffice com Setup To get started with your Microsoft Office Installation you must need valid product key code and we can also help you with your entire process to setup office product online.

Microsoft Office is an office suite that includes a variety of applications, servers and services.ms office setup These includes well-known programs such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Access, Outlook, OneNote, as well as applications such as Publisher, Project, Skype for Business, Visio, and SharePoint Designe

Norton setup product key installation is a computer program that provides malware prevention and removal during a subscription period and uses signatures and heuristics to identify viruses. Norton setup product key installation Other features included in the product are a personal firewall, email spam filtering, and phishing protection.

mcafee product activation is a antivirus programme. this programme secure your computer with virus so you can install it.mcafee.com/activate Visit mcafee.com/activate to installmcafee with activation code.

Bitdefender offers a suite of Antivirus products that includes Antivirus Plus, Internet Security, and Total Security.central.bitdefender.com Using the Bitdefender tools, users are protected from most online threats including spyware, malware, viruses and other malicious software.

office.com/setup is the brand name Microsoft uses for a group of subscriptions that provide productivity software and related services.office.com/setup if you are getting any error in intallemnt of office.com/setup please visit our website.

install setup.office.com its useful your busniess,home,school.its popular suite consisting applications, servers and services.setup.office.com The basic version of Office included only Word, Excel and PowerPoint.please visit our website.

Microsoft Product Activation is a DRM technology used by Microsoft Corporation in several of its computer software programs, most notably its Windows operating system and its Office productivity suite.mcafee activation code it's large use in business purpose.

Antivirus software such as mcafee activation code SecureAnywhere Antivirus frustrates malware in a couple of ways. It scans data and blocks viruses that it detects. And it removes malware that is already lodged in a computer.mcafee activate You can tell it to scan your PC according to a schedule that you select.

AOL Email Support is one of the best email service providers that helps in AOL email related issues.There are several email providers like gmail, Hotmail, rediff and so on but AOL is the only company that provides the best service all over the world. aol related issues.aol email support

Norton is the One of the best antivirus company all over world. It is an anti malware software developed and distributed by Symantec corporation.Norton setup uses heuristics and signatures to detect viruses in your computer. It features also include phishing protection and email spam filtering .Norton setup product is distributed as box copy, a download and as an OEM software. norton.com/setup

Microsoft Office is very necessary productivity software developed by the multinational technological company Microsoft. Microsoft office/ MS Office is developed by the Microsoft. The software was first introduced on 1st August 1988 by Bill Gates in Las Vegas. When Microsoft office was first introduced, the first version of it contained Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, and Microsoft Power point. After few years of the release of Microsoft Office become a business software and billion of people are using this by downloading the Microsoft Office setup. Call us : US : +1-888-254-4408 UK : +44-0808-234-2376 AUS : +61-1-800-985-062http://officecomsetup.org

We are providing help and support for online activation,you can get required help from office.com/setup. Call us or email us the error or problem, our one of the expert contact you with the suitable perfect solution. Get complete suite ready and tested as per your need and see how it is easy to work with Microsoft Office.Call us : US : +1-888-254-4408 UK : +44-0808-234-2376 AUS : +61-1-800-985-062 http://officesetup.ca

We are providing help and support for online activation,you can get required help from office.com/setup. Call us or email us the error or problem, our one of the expert contact you with the suitable perfect solution. Get complete suite ready and tested as per your need and see how it is easy to work with Microsoft Office.Call us : US : +1-888-254-4408 UK : +44-0808-234-2376 AUS : +61-1-800-985-062 http://officesetup.ca

The Norton Products for which we give underpins are Norton Security, Norton 360, Norton Internet security, Norton Software for Mobile, Norton Deluxe, Norton standard and other Norton Products. You can introduce them utilizing a CD Drive or Online from you dashboard of Norton account. In any case, before that, you need to download Norton Setup from norton-installsetup.com. Pre-necessities of framework and establishment esteem differentiate from Norton thing to thing so fastidiously read the assistance and faq accessible on the official site page of Norton, norton.com/setup. Call us : US : +1-888-254-4408 UK : +44-0808-234-2376 AUS : +61-1-800-985-062http://nortoncomsetupnorton.net

The Terms and Conditions thusly is also basic open all the extra conditions germane for the individual set up picked by you. These conditions ar fundamental general acumen. For misuse our affiliations it's relied on to see these 'Terms and Conditions' work as a fiddle. If, you don't fit in with any of those conditions, by then you can't profit the affiliations gave by US and you're requested to leave the area apace. The blueprints picked by can basically return henceforth once you have gotten a made demand from US through email. Call us : US : +1-888-254-4408 UK : +44-0808-234-2376 AUS : +61-1-800-985-062http://nortonsetup-norton-setup.com

Gmail is the best email service that has been presented by the web index mammoth Google with 15 GB of free storage room. It has made correspondence all the more simple and secure with its propelled highlights. Furthermore, this is the reason an ever increasing number of individuals are picking Gmail for their own and also business utilization step by step. Call us : US : +1-888-254-4408 UK : +44-0808-234-2376 AUS : +61-1-800-985-062http://gmail-gmail.com

A computer virus is a program that can copy itself and infect a computer without the permission or knowledge of the user.you can be sure of the privacy of your important files as well as confidential information. norton com setup

This blog is truly useful to convey overhauled instructive undertakings over web which is truly examination. I discovered one fruitful case of this truth through this blog. I will utilize such data now.lindberg แว่น

office.com/setup - MS Office setup is very easy to install, download and redeem. Use of it is also simple and the user can learn the use of it easily. Online help option is also available in all application which provides an instant guideline.office.com/setup

We at Norton Help of Snavs UK have got a team of tech experts who are well trained and experienced in finding out the reason for technical problems occurring on your way with Norton SecurityNorton Contact Number | Norton UK

No one can stop you writing a perfect blog or article if you are passionate to your job. Your aim is to satisfy your readers with a well written blog and your passion is always behind your every successful assignment. Impressive writing skills can be observed over here.คอนแทคเลนส์สีเทา

Awesome! I have read many other articles on the same topic, your article convinced me! I hope you continue to have high-quality articles and blogs like this to share with everyone!Web Design Company in Delhi

Sometime it becomes very hard to find a well written and well established bog which give you correct and useful information. However, I found this blog and got some relevant information which are really helpful for me.scr slot

This is really nice to read content of this blog. A is very extensive and vast knowledgeable platform has been given by this blog. I really appreciate this blog to has such kind of educational knowledge.island near bangkok

Your Post is very unique and all information is reliable for new readers.Keep it up in future , thanks for sharing such a useful post.Microsoft Office is a collection of Microsoft Corporation, consists of various services with enhanced features around the world. The major intention to developed the MS Office, providing the information that simplifies, mechanizes and advance the activities of the organization or a group of people. Millions of Users have used the software for different purposes such as Personal, professional and commercial across the world. Apart from this MS Office is Compatible with the operating system, Windows, as well as Mac.https://setup-offiice.com/

norton setup is very easy to use, You need to click on norton.com/setup file and click on scan button to start the device scanning. Scanning may take some time and and it will scan complete system directories and all files. After complete scanning it will prompt for scanned files and threates detected

Office Setup , the popular productivity suite includes a number of servers, application, and services. www.office.comsetup has been developed for Windows, Mac, Android, and iOS operating systems. With Office.com/Setup 365 as the latest version, the software is being widely used by the consumers and businesses.

Hello, dear It is an outstandingly lovely article and I am examined your blog. I am extraordinarily happy to scrutinize your blog in light of the way that your information extremely incredible I like it and love it. thankful to you such a lot of offer with us this profitable information and I have a comparative sort of .if you require any help this article is useful to you.thank you to such a degree. More Details…..(McAfee.com/Activate).

norton.com/setup - Norton AntiVirus is an anti-virus and an anti-malware software developed and distributed by Symantec Corporation. Norton setup is very easy for any user and device. We provide support related to any Norton product questions, Subscription, Registration and Activation, Error messages and any other technical glitches. For any support or help regarding Norton products installed on your system dial into Norton antivirus customer support phone number.Visit www.norton.com/setup

install webroot - Do you consider your privacy may be compromised while on-line? Experience up coming technology Protection stage with Webroot in your all devices. This software helps to protect your data against cybercrime, viruses, peripheral or external devices. Moreover, you also get the freedom to create a backup, in case of a loss. On the other hand, you can also stop files/ folders from synchronizing.

avast support is a world-renowned name in the internet security domain. The company delivers a wide selection of antivirus and security software to deal with the harmful online threats lurking in the internet market. There are a number of errors that can affect the performance of the antivirus and makes it unable to protect your device. These errors should be fixed immediately to ensure the continued protection of your device. At avast-support.net, we offer the support services for the same. avast support number | avast customer service

Thanks for this wonderfull content and information.I found this website eventually. Really good inoperative, Thanks for the post and effort! Please keep sharing more such blog. norton.com/setup | Brother printer support

In the case of the Norton product If you’re trying to keep up with the software, it’s not product is launched for the first time after installation. If you’re at the time of installation, then you’ll be able to install the product. Moreover, the product will be activated. norton.com/setup | norton.com/setup | norton.com/setup and Microsoft Office is composed of an entire suite of products and services that include Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Skype, OneDrive, and a lot more. Navigate to office setup to create a Microsoft account and download the setup. office.com/setup | office.com/setup | office.com/setup

Microsoft office released different version office 2010, office 2016, office 2011 for Mac and office 365. all Version has same features and funcationality. Office 365 is the online version where your work will be on cloud and you can access it from anywhere and anytime.An ongoing Microsoft declaration gives some understanding of how the organization plans the arrival of new Office 365 ProPlus highlights. Microsoft utilizes the same "channels" lingo for MS Office 365 ProPlus includes refreshes as it does with Windows 10 highlight refreshes. Nonetheless, the extension and conveyance plan contrasts a bit on the Office 365 ProPlus side. More details available on Office.com/Setup .Other sources:www.Office.com/Setup |office Setup |webroot geek squad |aol Support|Brighthouse spectrum |webroot geek squad

This is a great inspiring article.I am pretty much pleased with your good work.You put really very helpful information. Keep it up. Keep blogging. Looking to reading your next post. I'm really impressed with the info you provide in your articles. We are providing support for www.webroot.com/safe issues. If you need the same, you can visit our website.

great article.This is my first time I have visited here. I found a lot of interesting information in your blog. From the volume of comments on your articles, I guess I am not the only one! keep up the great work.

Ambien 10mg dozing pills have turned into the most famous resting pills in the course of the most recent couple of years, being taken by right around 22 million Americans. Ambien 10mg is a remedy based dozing pill which your doctor can endorse to enable the individuals to experience the ill effects of sleep deprivation. It isn't intended for long term use, despite the fact that it can easily become addictive. Ambien is expected to enable an individual to nod off rapidly, and should be taken in like manner. When taking Ambien 10mg, it should not be blended with some other medications, medicine or over the counter medications that could cause sleepiness.

McAfee is in excess of a two-decade old security organization of antivirus. With the assault of the hurtful infection or malware to your PC framework, it has moved toward becoming a significant fundamental assignment to introduce the McAfee.com/actuate antivirus programming program on your working framework. Clients can go to the mcafee.com/actuate official site of McAfee and can introduce McAfee Antivirus Security application by following some straightforward advances. Visit : mcafee.com/activate

To prevent the malware from harming the organizers on the gadget, McAfee Antivirus programming must be downloaded in the gadget. In the wake of downloading the McAfee Antivirus, the security for the framework information naturally begins. The clients will get numerous McAfee Antivirus applications which are effectively accessible in the market and furthermore on mcafee.com/enact. The best thing about McAfee Antivirus is the abnormal state of administrations gave to their clients.Visit for more :- mcafee.com/activate

All Ac market Cracked and Moded and Patched redirections like Minecraft stash form are available. Simple to utilize and available in all lingos, and Ac market downloading will control you in very much arranged technique.

Just seen your Article, it amazed me and surpised me with god thoughts that eveyone will benefit from it. It is really a very informative post for all those budding entreprenuers planning to take advantage of post for business expansions. You always share such a wonderful articlewhich helps us to gain knowledge .Thanks for sharing such a wonderful article, It will be deinitely helpful and fruitful article. ThanksDedicatedHosting4u.com

Microsoft workplace setup includes a sort of workplace product with varied options that you simply will get from workplace.com/setup. If you would like to use workplace setup like Outlook, OneDrive, & Skype, then you certainly want a Microsoft Account. Everything that you simply want for your home, school, and office, then transfer it from : Office.com/Setup | norton.com/setup | mcafee.com/activate |mcafee activate | norton.com/setup

Protect all your devices with your Norton subscription My Norton makes it easy for you to set up your Norton protection, check your security status, and extend your protection to other PCs, Macs, smartphones, and tablets.

Thank you for sharing excellent information. Your website is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this website. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website page, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found simply the info I already searched everywhere and simply could not come across. What a great web site. Visit@: my sites :- office.com/setup | Norton.com/setup | McAfee.com/Activate

In the automated world, a lot of our correspondence occurs over email. For this, Microsoft Office has Outlook, which is a sublime email customer and individual boss. Office can be begun on Office.com/setup.http://office-comofficeoffice.com/

Norton.com/setup is one among the basic standard antivirus that is tremendously looked for ensuring contraption and giving a 1 stop Norton setup security answer to any or each and every one of the total framework far and wide.http://nor-norton.com/setup/

Thank you for sharing excellent information. Your website is so cool. I am impressed by the details that you have on this website. It reveals how nicely you understand this subject. Bookmarked this website, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found simply the info I already searched everywhere and simply could not come across. What a great web site. Visit @: my sites:-McAfee.com/activate | McAfee support number | norton.com/setup | HP support assistant

Avast antivirus is widely known for the security, protection and computer optimization software. Avast is developed in such a way that detect and remove spam viruses and other infected software like Trojans and worms. Avast easily installed in several device, such as PC, Desktop, latest android phone and i phone. Moreover, user can install trial version of the software and they can purchase later.my.avast.comAvast Login

Having a Device/Network without security is just an invitation to malicious programs to corrupt your device and steal sensitive information. A good secirity program must be installed in your PC to ensure that you are safe online and offline. alexa devioce support

office.com/setup.com acclimate should with have no duty concerning any risky substance to your PC structure or loss of information that outcomes from the download or use of Content.http://office-comofficeoffice.com/