Transcription

1 SAMPLE 1 ASSESSMENT CRITERIA AND LEARNING OUTCOMES Unit Title: Sociology 2. Understand theories associated with major social divisions, inequalities, differences and diversity in contemporary society 2.1 Explain what is meant by social divisions within society 2.2 Explain the main theories associated with Class, Gender, Racial/Ethnic divisions 2.3 Compare two competing theories of social divisions

2 SAMPLE 1 GRADING DESCRIPTORS AND COMPONENTS GD1 Understanding of the subject Merit 1c) Demonstrates very good understanding of the different perspectives or approaches associated with the area of study. GD2 Application of knowledge Merit The student, student s work or a) Makes use of relevant Ideas Facts Theories Perspectives Models Concepts With either b) Breadth or depth that goes beyond the minimum required to Pass And/or c) Very good levels of Consistency Precision Accuracy Insight Analysis Synthesis Creativity Distinction 1c) Demonstrates excellent understanding of the different perspectives or approaches associated with the area of study. Distinction The student, student s work or a) Makes use of relevant Ideas Facts Theories Perspectives Models Concepts With both b) Breadth or depth And/or c) Excellent levels of Consistency Precision Accuracy Insight Analysis Synthesis Creativity GD7 Quality Merit 7b) The student, student s work or Puts forward arguments or ideas which are generally unambiguous but which are in a minor way limited or incomplete Distinction 7b) The student, student s work or Puts forward arguments or ideas which are consistently unambiguous and cogent

3 Essay Title: Karl Marx suggests social division can be explained by inequalities in social class, feminists suggest that social division can be explained by patriarchy. Using these theories compare how effective they are with reference to class, gender and ethnicity. In this essay I will describe and discuss Karl Marx s theory on social class as well as the feminist theories on social division, when looking into both theories I will relate them to three groups, Gender, age and ethnicity. I will compare and evaluate both theories effectiveness and their contributions to society today. Social divisions within society are known as the differences between different class groups. They are also given to people who have similar education, income, occupations, interests and values (Braham, 2013). Marx s theory of social class focuses on the view that since society was formed thousands of years ago, an element of class division has always existed and different classes share different interests. Karl Marx based his theory around his belief that we lived in a capitalism society and believed relationships between male and females are formed by their positions in the means of production, resulting in differences in resources and power which resulted in what he called a class struggle. Society Marx believed was divided between two class distinctions, Marx called the high class ruling members in society the bourgeoisie, he called the lower class working members in society the proletariat. During the nineteenth century Marx believed that society was financed and the bourgeoisie were the sole benefactors to the proletariat s work and efforts, whereas the proletariat were worse off and living in poverty. This structure serves to support the functions of society rather than the individuals that make up the society, the whole basis of the theory is based around economical organisations rather than an

4 individual s behaviour, the reason for this is that Marxism believes that an individual is the product of the class relationships formed from economic life (Moore, S., Aiken, D. and Chapman, S. 2001). Marx s overall view on society was built around a class structure, focusing on the struggle between each class group which creates change in the structure of society. Although struggle was present within society it was not was not seen as a direct impact in which maintain society. Marx believed the class groups were divided by the ownership of property, this idea came as property was viewed by society as power, this was either to use the property to rent to other members of society or for own personal use. When property because privatised three class systems were recognised, these were known as the bourgeoisie, this group owned property used for production purposes such as machinery, or owning a factory building, the use of the property was always focused on creating a profit. There was also the Landowners, whose property was solely used to rent out to others again generating a profit. Then the lower spectrum of the class scale were known as the proletariat whose role was to sell labour, working for a living and sell it for a wage to survive. Class was purely defined and determined not by status or income, only by property, by defining the class section in this way it assigns the role of the class groups, the bourgeoisies property is a result of the social conditions of the bourgeoisie property, the main focus of difference which the Marxist theory recognises is the wage in different class groups. (Harrington, 2005). The other perspective being covered is the feminism perspective, the main focus behind feminist theories is gender inequality and how it can be reduced within society. Although there is a generalised goal feminists strive to achieve there are various different types of feminists, the main five are recognised as, Radical

5 feminism, Marxist and socialist feminism, liberal feminism, black feminism and postmodern feminism. Radical feminists claim that woman are exploited by men in society and believe that the subordination of woman benefited the male rather than the females. (Haralambos, M. and Holborn, M, 2009). The radicals theory supports the idea that men male a more dominant powerful role than the woman, this is set in place by socialisation, men being the main financial provider and the woman playing the role of mother and house-wife, this occurs through sexual divisions of labour and is considered quite natural in society, making problems such as domestic violence against woman not a serious issue. Feminists also highlight their belief in the patriarchal ideology, claiming woman accept their responsibilities for childcare and home making without any objections and that this role is secondary to the husbands role, this patriarchal ideology lead the expectations placed on woman to take on careers which fit in and around there family commitments and place no restrictions upon men. Black feminism focuses on the idea of class oppression, racism and sexism are all connected together, and this is known as intersectionality. Black feminism focuses on what other feminists fail to consider, race and how woman are discriminated against on racial grounds. Alice Walker a prominent black feminist created a theory known as Womanism which outlined how black woman experience a harsher oppression than white woman. They state that feminist movements ignored fights against oppression regarding black woman. The black feminist theory claims that a black woman s power was a lot less in relation to that of a white woman. Marxist feminism is another theory which falls under the overall feminists theories, although the Marxist feminist theory concentrates on capitalism and the privatisation of property in relation to oppression and gender inequality. Marxist feminists claim that the privatisation of property lead to the domestic struggle between genders resulting economic inequality, dependence, and the social oppression of woman

6 within society. Friedrich Engels the originator of Marxist feminism states that the subordination of woman is not a result of biological differences but of social relations in society and the men s role has become institutionalized within society. Marxist feminists believe class and gender oppression can be similar to the relations between the proletariat and bourgeoisie. They refer to the subordination of woman as a function of class oppression this is due to the fact that it benefits the ruling class which leads to the division of men and woman, by providing men with greater working privileges and woman are expected to fulfil an unpaid domestic role as wife and mother (Haralambos, M. and Holborn, M, 2009). The Marxism theory of social division has often been criticised for being biased claiming that the economics within society control and determine behaviours and relationships among individuals in society, not considering other influences which may influence peoples behaviours, only focusing on the financials. Marxist s also fail to consider other societies only focusing on society s which are structured by means of class. Feminists in particular the radical feminists have claimed that Marxists did not focus on stratification in relation to gender known as the sex-class, which distinguishes the differences between male and females interests, this claim supports the fact Marxists purely surround their focus on economic relationships (Livesey, C, Unknown). This assignment has discussed the differences between the Marx s theory of social class and the feminist theory of social division, in relation to both theories, class, gender and ethnicity have been discussed. It has displayed the differences in opinions between the two main theories in sociology.

SOCIOLOGY Gender Equality 1 Position of women in society 1. Women's Emancipation 2. Adequate representation of women in different spheres of human activity. 3. Protecting the rights of women in work and

Liberal feminism form of the equality type of feminism: Liberal feminism is a form of feminism that argues that equality for women can be achieved through legal means and social reform. Liberal feminism

Social Inequality and Stratification What are critical theories of inequality? Learning targets: Critical Theory refers to writing in a Marxist tradition Critical theories refer to any types of writing

Cultural Analysis of Sport in the US Using Social Theories: How Can They Help Us Study Sports in Society? Week I KIN 507 Spring, 2008 Daniel Frankl, Ph.D. Professor of Kinesiology California State University,

National Qualifications 2015 2015 Sociology New Higher Finalised Marking Instructions Scottish Qualifications Authority 2015 The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications

Studying Society Key terms and concepts Green Amber Red How is the sociological approach different from the biological, psychological or journalistic approach? What are social structures and can you give

Role of Trade Unions in eradication of in-equality By: Refilwe Setladi Head of Gender Department in South African Transport and Allied Workers Union While we celebrate our achievements in Transformation

SYG 2000 Course Introduction to Sociology Learning Objectives In General, always be able to present a review of the key insights from any classroom video or activity connected to each chapter. Also, know

SECOND EDITION Women and the Criminal Justice System Katherine Stuart van Wormer University of Northern Iowa Clemens Bartollas University of Northern Iowa Boston New York San Francisco Mexico City Montreal

Gender Stratification Gender and Inequality Gender Personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female and male Gender stratification Unequal distribution of wealth, power,

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination January 2013 Sociology SCLY3 Unit 3 Thursday 17 January 2013 1.30 pm to 3.00 pm For this paper you must have: an AQA 12-page answer book. Time

Hisscott 1 Sociological Theory Part One. Loosely translated, sociology means the scientific study of society. Sociological theories help to explain and predict the social world we live in. Outlining the

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination January 2013 Sociology SCLY4 Unit 4 Monday 28 January 2013 9.00 am to 11.00 am For this paper you must have: an AQA 16-page answer book. Time

Hailey Eichner ECO203 11/5/13 Feminist Economics The foundation of neoclassical economics is the idea of the individual, the rational economic man trying to maximize his utility in the markets. He is separate

Podcast 1: AS and A-level Sociology Transcript: The sociology of personal life Hello and welcome to AQA s sociology podcast supporting your teaching of our new AS and A-level specifications. In this podcast

Version 1.0: 0112 General Certificate of Education (A-level) January 2013 Sociology SCLY4 (Specification 2191) Unit 4: Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods; Stratification and Differentiation with

The Sociological Point of View Examining Social Life Define sociology and explain what it means to have a sociological imagination. Describe how sociology is similar and different from other social sciences.

Version 0. General Certificate of Secondary Education June 0 Sociology 490 Unit Final Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions,

Gender Issues in Development of Women Hyunjoo Song, Ph.D. KIGEPE Feminism No single definition, but incorporates both a doctrine of equal rights for women and an ideology of transformation aiming to create

Theories of International Political Economy II: Marxism and Constructivism Min Shu Waseda University 27 April 2016 International Political Economy 1 An outline of the lecture Documentary: Inside Job (2010)

Sociology A level Welcome to your A level Sociology course. This should provide you with all the information you need to make a successful start to your studies. The Specification (or Syllabus) This course

Challenging Marxism By Sam Wagener The German philosopher Karl Marx provided the world with a new and challenging way to think about social and economic systems. This new social system was called Communism

EDUCATION AQA GCSE SOCIOLOGY UNIT 1 MAY 2013 THE ROLE OF EDUCATION Education involves building up knowledge and learning new skills. It can take place formally or informally. Formal education: takes place

Introduction to Sociology: Course Syllabus Sociology: The Study of Human Relationships COURSE DESCRIPTION: The world is becoming more complex. How do your beliefs, values and behavior affect the people

1 Page Production and Patriarchy in Capitalist Society: A Comparative Review of Hartmann and Young Gary Blank The social struggles associated with the New Left in the late 1960s and early 1970s sparked

Vol 6 The Western Australian Jurist 259 RADICAL FEMINISM S OPPOSITION TO LIBERTY BIANCA L TALBOT * I INTRODUCTION The radical feminist, Kelly Weisberg, stated that the rule of law is too patriarchal and

THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE CHAPTER SUMMARY Sociology offers a perspective a view of the world that stresses the social experiences of people as the underlying cause of their behavior. Sociology emerged

2. Ownership and Control: Theories Traditional (Instrumental) Marxism An individual's economic position in society (their class) influences the way they see and experience the social world. For instrumental

Fall 2008 Sociology 101A Michael Burawoy HISTORY OF SOCIAL THEORY A course on the history of social theory can be presented with two different emphases -- as intellectual history or as theoretical tradition.

SOCIOLOGY Higher Second edition published November 2006 NOTE OF CHANGES TO ARRANGEMENTS 2ND EDITION PUBLISHED NOVEMBER 2006 COURSE TITLE Sociology (Higher) COURSE NUMBER: C228 12 National Course Specification:

Using Social Theories: Sport in America: (Coakley, 2001) What Can They Tell Us About Sports in Society? Social Theories Are based on questions about why the world is the way it is, and on ideas about how

www.xtremepapers.com UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education MARK SCHEME for the May/June 2012 question paper for the guidance of teachers

Gender and Policies Hyunjoo Song, Ph.D. KIGEPE Illustration I Illustration II Sex vs. Gender Sex Sex is the biological difference between men and women Sex differences are concerned with men s and women

SOCIOLOGY School of Social and Government Studies It all starts here NORTH-WEST UNIVERSITY YUNIBESITI YA BOKONE-BOPHIRIMA NOORDWES-UNIVERSITEIT POTCHEFSTROOM CAMPUS Welcome to Sociology! In the broadest

ED 628W: Week 5 Education, Gender, & Health in Development What is gender? What key issues are relevant to understanding about gender? What are the models and gender analysis frameworks? What is the relationship

EMPLOYMENT EQUITY POLICY & PLAN Statement of Intent The Company is committed to creating and maintaining an environment, which provides equal opportunities to all its employees, with special consideration

Cultural Diversity and Gender Equity Using the Quick Discrimination Index (QDI) This survey, called the Quick Discrimination Index, is designed to assess sensitivity, awareness, and receptivity to cultural

FAMILIES AQA GCSE SOCIOLOGY UNIT 1 MAY 2013 DEFINING A FAMILY AND A HOUSEHOLD DEFINING A FAMILY The term family can be defined as a married couple or cohabiting couple, with or without dependent children

Soc 2000 Fall 2014 Exam #3 Sample Questions CHAPTER 8: STRATIFICATION, CLASS AND INEQUALITY 1. Samantha is a lawyer with a major law firm in Kansas City and earns $150,000 per year. According to the update

Chapter Five ENCOUNTERS WITH COUNSELLORS RELATIONSHIP SERVICES WHAT S IN IT FOR FATHERS? by Sue Hine Debate on the issues around fathers, families and fathering has thrown up extensive analysis and critiques

Characteristics of African American Families Based on the Work of Oscar Barbarin, PhD Professor University of North Carolina School of Social Work Presentation developed by Jenny Nicholson, MSW student

3. Gender Theory Overview In this lecture we will focus on the difference between sex and gender, and review the emergence of the study of gender as a discipline. Objectives By the end of this topic you

Marxism and Race 1. Race in Ethnicity Theory, Classical Marxism, and Neo-Marxism 1) Emergence of Ethnicity and Class Conflict Theories of Race By the early decades of the 20th century, biological essentialism

Version.0 General Certificate of Secondary Education June 0 Sociology 490 Unit Mark Scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a

UNIT ONE: How do sociologists study the world? (January February) 1. The Sociological Perspective 2. The Emergence of Scientific 3. Use of the Scientific Method 4. Difficulties of Sociological Research

Feminist Ethnography By Kristin Aune Feminist ethnography is a research methodology, a theory about how research should proceed. Its principal method is observational research conducted over time and motivated

THEORIES OF SOCIOLOGY Creating Sociological Theory Everyone creates theories to help them make sense of what they experience. Common-sense theories Tend to be less systematic Sociological theories: specifically

Income and wealth inequality Income and wealth inequality The end of industrialization and Reaganomics Income inequality Wealth inequality Poverty Income and wealth inequality The end of industrialization

Social Theory Re-Wired: TABLE OF CONTENTS MAIN Table of Contents Preface I. EMERGENCE THROUGH CONVERGENCE: The Puzzles of Social Order INTRODUCTORY ESSAY: THIS DESERTED ISLAND IS OUT OF ORDER The classic

6 WORK, POVERTY AND WELFARE Example answers AS LEVEL 1 Define the term income. [2 marks] Income is the overall amount of money an individual earns. Although these are short answer questions, try to provide

FHS 2400 Marriage and Family Text: The Marriage and Family Experience, 10th edition, Chapter 3, Differences: Historical and contemporary Variations in American Family Life Multiple Choice Study Questions

Radical Criminology: Theoretical Origins. One of the first things to note and / or understand is that "Marxism", as a theoretical perspective, involves a number of different variants (or "ways of seeing"

Reform in the Progressive Era Scoring Sheet Scoring Sheet Student Name: Place a score (1-4) in each row corresponding to the student s college readiness level. Exceeding College Ready (4): Substantially

A-level SOCIOLOGY (7192/3) Paper 3 Crime and Deviance with Theory and Methods Mark scheme Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by