Although recovery of exhaust gas energy using turbochargers was firstapplied nearly 100 years ago and has been in widespread use inthe heavy-duty diesel market ever since, it is only in recent yearsthat turbocharging has spread to mass production vehicles in smaller engines.The phenomenal market growth, first in passenger car diesel engines and morerecently in downsized gasoline engines, has been driven largely by the efficiencygains, and hence CO2 benefits, that can be realized. Plus, Formula 1 will bereturning to turbocharging for the 2014 season.