The '''''Philokalia''''' is a collection of writings, mostly centering on practicing the [[virtues]] and spiritual living in a [[monastery]]. In recent decades it has become an important resource for Orthodox Christians, [[laity]] and [[clergy]] alike, in personal living and in some ways has achieved status as a major secondary spiritual written resource (after the primary one, [[Holy Scripture]]) along with St. [[John Climacus]]' ''The Ladder of Divine Ascent''.

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[[Image:Philokalia.jpg|right|frame|Front cover of Volume 1 in English, published by Faber and Faber Ltd.]]The '''''Philokalia''''' is a collection of writings, mostly centering on practicing the [[virtues]] and spiritual living in a [[monastery]]. In recent decades it has become an important resource for Orthodox Christians, [[laity]] and [[clergy]] alike, in personal living and in some ways has achieved status as a major secondary spiritual written resource (after the primary one, [[Holy Scripture]]) along with St. [[John Climacus]]' ''[[The Ladder of Divine Ascent]]''.

== History of the Compilation ==

== History of the Compilation ==

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The ''Philokalia''&mdash;Greek for "love of the beautiful/holy/exalted"&mdash;was first assembled at [[Mount Athos]] by [[Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain]] and Makarios of Corinth. The first edition was published at Venice in 1782; a second was done at Athens in 1893, which included a prayer by Patriarch Kallistos; and a third at Athens between 1957 and 1963 by the Astir Publishing Company. All the original writings in the ''Philokalia'' were written in Greek with the exception of two, which were originally in Latin but then translated in Greek during the time of the Roman ("Byzantine") Empire.

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The ''Philokalia''&mdash;Greek for "love of the beautiful/holy/exalted"&mdash;was first assembled at [[Mount Athos]] by Ss. [[Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain]] and [[Macarius Notaras of Corinth|Makarios of Corinth]]. The first edition was published at Venice in 1782; a second was done at Athens in 1893, which included a prayer by Patriarch Kallistos; and a third at Athens between 1957 and 1963 by the Astir Publishing Company. All the original writings in the ''Philokalia'' were written in Greek with the exception of two, which were originally in Latin but then translated in Greek during the time of the Roman ("Byzantine") Empire.

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Soon the ''Philokalia'' was translated into different languages. In 1793, a [[Church Slavonic|Slavonic]] translation done by St. [[Paisius Velichovsky|Paisii Velichkovskii]] (1722-1794) was published at Moscow under the title ''Dobrotolubiye'' and later reprinted in 1822. This would be the version carried by the unnamed central character in ''[[The Way of a Pilgrim]]'' and was responsible for a spiritual revival in 19th century Russia, impacting a lot of her people including Fyodor Dostoevsky. A second translation was published in 1857 and was done by Ignatii Brianchaninov (1807-1867). A third one was done by Bishop [[Theophan the Recluse]] (1815-1894) but he included other texts not in the Greek original as well as paraphrase/omitted other sections. This translation was published in five volumes under the auspicies of the Russian Monastery of St. Panteleimon at [[Mount Athos]] in 1877. A Romanian translation first appeared in 1946 with Fr. [[Dumitru Staniloae]] presiding as editor (fifth volume appeared in 1976 and it's excepted to be eight volumes). A French translation is currently in the works. Both of these use the Greek.

+

Soon the ''Philokalia'' was translated into multiple languages. In 1793, a [[Church Slavonic|Slavonic]] translation done by St. [[Paisius Velichkovsky|Paisii Velichkovskii]] (1722-1794), was published at Moscow under the title ''Dobrotolubiye'', and later reprinted in 1822. This would be the version carried by the unnamed central character in ''[[The Way of a Pilgrim]]'' and was responsible for a spiritual revival in 19th century Russia, impacting a lot of her people, including [[Fyodor Dostoevsky]]. A second translation was published in 1857 and was done by St. [[Ignatius Brianchaninov|Ignatii Brianchaninov]] (1807-1867). A third one was done by St. [[Theophan the Recluse]] (1815-1894), but he included other texts not in the Greek original as well as paraphrases or omissions of other sections. This translation was published in five volumes under the auspicies of the Russian [[St. Panteleimon's Monastery (Athos)|Monastery of St. Panteleimon]] at [[Mount Athos]] in 1877. A Romanian translation first appeared in 1946 with Fr. [[Dumitru Staniloae]] presiding as editor (the fifth volume appeared in 1976 and it's expected to be eight volumes). A French translation is currently in the works. Both of these use the Greek.

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{{spirituality}}

== Contents of the Philokalia ==

== Contents of the Philokalia ==

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This listing of texts is based on the English translation, started by Bishop [[Kallistos Ware]], G.E.H. Palmer and [[Philip Sherrard]] and published by Faber and Faber Ltd. The fifth volume has yet to be published. While there is no definite date set, it is predicted by the publisher to be made available sometime late in 2005. This translation uses the third edition published by the Astir Publishing Company.

+

This listing of texts is based on the English translation, started by Bishop [[Kallistos Ware]], G.E.H. Palmer and [[Philip Sherrard]] and published by Faber and Faber Ltd. The fifth volume has yet to be published. While there is no definite date set, it is predicted by the publisher to be made available sometime late in 2006. This translation uses the third edition published by the Astir Publishing Company.

=== Volume 1 ===

=== Volume 1 ===

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*[[Isaiah the Solitary]]

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*St. [[Isaiah the Solitary]]

#On Guarding the Intellect: 27 Texts

#On Guarding the Intellect: 27 Texts

*[[Evagrius the Solitary]]

*[[Evagrius the Solitary]]

Line 17:

Line 18:

#Extracts from the Texts on Watchfulness

#Extracts from the Texts on Watchfulness

#On Prayer: 153 Texts

#On Prayer: 153 Texts

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*[[John Cassian]]

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*St. [[John Cassian]]

#On the Eight Vices

#On the Eight Vices

#On the Holy Fathers of Sketis and on Discrimination

#On the Holy Fathers of Sketis and on Discrimination

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*[[Mark the Ascetic]]

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*St. [[Mark the Ascetic]]

#On the Spiritual Law: 200 Texts

#On the Spiritual Law: 200 Texts

#On Those who Think that They are Made Righteous by Works: 226 Texts

#On Those who Think that They are Made Righteous by Works: 226 Texts

#Letter to Nicolas the Solitary

#Letter to Nicolas the Solitary

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*[[Hesychios the Priest]]

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*St. [[Hesychios the Priest]]

#On Watchfulness and Holiness

#On Watchfulness and Holiness

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*[[Neilos the Ascetic]]

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*St. [[Neilos the Ascetic]]

#Ascetic Discourse

#Ascetic Discourse

−

*[[Diadochos of Photiki]]

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*St. [[Diadochos of Photiki]]

#On Spiritual Knowledge and Discrimination: 100 Texts

#On Spiritual Knowledge and Discrimination: 100 Texts

−

*[[John of Karpathos]]

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*St. [[John of Karpathos]]

#For the Encouragement of the Monks in India who had Written to Him: 100 Texts

#For the Encouragement of the Monks in India who had Written to Him: 100 Texts

#Ascetic Discourse Sent at the Request of the Same Monks in India

#Ascetic Discourse Sent at the Request of the Same Monks in India

Line 38:

Line 39:

=== Volume 2 ===

=== Volume 2 ===

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*[[Theodoros the Great Ascetic]]

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*St. [[Theodoros the Great Ascetic]]

#A Century of Spiritual Texts

#A Century of Spiritual Texts

#Theoretikon

#Theoretikon

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*[[Maximos the Confessor]]

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*St. [[Maximos the Confessor]]

#Four Hundred Texts on Love, with a foreword to Elpidios the Presbyter

#Four Hundred Texts on Love, with a foreword to Elpidios the Presbyter

#Two Hundred Texts on Theology and the Incarnate Dispensation of the Son of God (written for Thalassios)

#Two Hundred Texts on Theology and the Incarnate Dispensation of the Son of God (written for Thalassios)

#Various Texts on Theology, the Divine Economy, and Virtue and Vice

#Various Texts on Theology, the Divine Economy, and Virtue and Vice

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#On the Lord's Prayer

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#On the [[Lord's Prayer]]

*[[Thalassios the Libyan]]

*[[Thalassios the Libyan]]

#On Love, Self Control, and Life in accordance with the Intellect (written for Paul the Presbyter)

#On Love, Self Control, and Life in accordance with the Intellect (written for Paul the Presbyter)

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*[[John of Damascus]]

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*St. [[John of Damascus]]

#On the Virtues and the Vices

#On the Virtues and the Vices

*A Discourse on Abba Philemon

*A Discourse on Abba Philemon

−

*[[Theognostos]]

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*St. [[Theognostos]]

#On the Practice of the Virtues, Contemplation and the Priesthood

#On the Practice of the Virtues, Contemplation and the Priesthood

=== Volume 3 ===

=== Volume 3 ===

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*[[Philotheos of Sinai]]

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*St. [[Philotheos of Sinai]]

*Forty Texts on Watchfulness

*Forty Texts on Watchfulness

*[[Ilias the Presbyter]]

*[[Ilias the Presbyter]]

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Line 66:

*[[Theophanis the Monk]]

*[[Theophanis the Monk]]

#The Ladder of Divine Graces

#The Ladder of Divine Graces

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*[[Peter of Damascus]]

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*St. [[Peter of Damascus]]

#Book I: A Treasury of Divine Knowledge

#Book I: A Treasury of Divine Knowledge

#Book II: Twenty-Four Discourses

#Book II: Twenty-Four Discourses

−

*[[Symeon Metaphrastis]]: Paraphrases of the Homilies of [[Makarios of Egypt]]

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*St. [[Symeon Metaphrastis]]: Paraphrases of the Homilies of St. [[Makarios of Egypt]]

#Spiritual Perfection

#Spiritual Perfection

#Prayer

#Prayer

Line 78:

Line 79:

=== Volume 4 ===

=== Volume 4 ===

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*[[Symeon the New Theologian]]

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*St. [[Symeon the New Theologian]]

#On Faith

#On Faith

#153 Practical and Theological Texts

#153 Practical and Theological Texts

Line 86:

Line 87:

#On the Inner Nature of Things and on the Purification of the Intellect: One Hundred Texts

#On the Inner Nature of Things and on the Purification of the Intellect: One Hundred Texts

#On Spiritual Knowledge, Love and the Perfection of Living: One Hundred Texts

#On Spiritual Knowledge, Love and the Perfection of Living: One Hundred Texts

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*[[Theoliptos, Metropolitan of Philadelphia]]

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*[[Theoliptos of Philadelphia|Theoliptos, Metropolitan of Philadelphia]]

#On Inner Work in Christ and the Monastic Profession

#On Inner Work in Christ and the Monastic Profession

#Texts

#Texts

*[[Nikiphoros the Monk]]

*[[Nikiphoros the Monk]]

#On Watchfulness and the Guarding of the Heart

#On Watchfulness and the Guarding of the Heart

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*[[Gregory of Sinai]]

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*St. [[Gregory of Sinai]]

#On Commandments and Doctrines, Warnings and Promises; on Thoughts, Passions and Virtues, and also on Stillness and Prayer: 137 Texts

#On Commandments and Doctrines, Warnings and Promises; on Thoughts, Passions and Virtues, and also on Stillness and Prayer: 137 Texts

#Further Texts

#Further Texts

Line 97:

Line 98:

#On Stillness: Fifteen Texts

#On Stillness: Fifteen Texts

#On Prayer: Seven Texts

#On Prayer: Seven Texts

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*[[Gregory Palamas]]

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*St. [[Gregory Palamas]]

#To the Most Reverend Nun Xenia

#To the Most Reverend Nun Xenia

#A New Testament Decalogue

#A New Testament Decalogue

Line 105:

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#The Declaration of the Holy Mountain in Defence of Those who Devoutly Practice a Life of Stillness

#The Declaration of the Holy Mountain in Defence of Those who Devoutly Practice a Life of Stillness

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== Source ==

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== Guide to Reading the Philokalia ==

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*The English translation of the ''Philokalia'', particularly Volume 1

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Like all spiritual readings, the ''Philokalia'' should be read under the guidance of a spiritual father as to avoid misinterpretations or malpractice of spiritual remedies. For those who are not practicing monastics, the idea of divorcing oneself from the normal life may seem extreme. Nevertheless, keep in mind that those who practice the monastic life are called to live a total Christ-centered life or to use Christ's words "becoming eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake" ([[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 19:12). In spite of the audience, there are also sayings and writings that are relevant to those who are called to "remain in the world" such as the practice of virtues or the controlling, even extinguishing, of the passions.

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Also, this work is not meant to be read all at once. It should be approached like a Merck's Medical Journal: look up the things that are relevant for whatever moment you as a reader need it. The English translations make it easier to use it in this way. For an example, if you are wondering about what patience is about, simply look at the index. If the page numbers are in bold, then it is a significant passage of text addressing that issue; otherwise it may appear as either one sentence or a small part of a larger context.

* [http://www.greekorthodoxchurch.org/union_with_god_kallistos_katafytiotis_angelikoudis.html On Union With God and Life of Theoria] - By Kallistos Katafygiotis (identified with Kallistos Angelikoudis) - a translation in progress of a part of the Philokalia

[[Category:Asceticism]]

[[Category:Asceticism]]

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[[Category:Hesychasm]]

[[Category:Texts]]

[[Category:Texts]]

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[[ro:Filocalia]]

Revision as of 16:01, May 9, 2013

Front cover of Volume 1 in English, published by Faber and Faber Ltd.

The Philokalia is a collection of writings, mostly centering on practicing the virtues and spiritual living in a monastery. In recent decades it has become an important resource for Orthodox Christians, laity and clergy alike, in personal living and in some ways has achieved status as a major secondary spiritual written resource (after the primary one, Holy Scripture) along with St. John Climacus' The Ladder of Divine Ascent.

Contents

History of the Compilation

The Philokalia—Greek for "love of the beautiful/holy/exalted"—was first assembled at Mount Athos by Ss. Nicodemus of the Holy Mountain and Makarios of Corinth. The first edition was published at Venice in 1782; a second was done at Athens in 1893, which included a prayer by Patriarch Kallistos; and a third at Athens between 1957 and 1963 by the Astir Publishing Company. All the original writings in the Philokalia were written in Greek with the exception of two, which were originally in Latin but then translated in Greek during the time of the Roman ("Byzantine") Empire.

Soon the Philokalia was translated into multiple languages. In 1793, a Slavonic translation done by St. Paisii Velichkovskii (1722-1794), was published at Moscow under the title Dobrotolubiye, and later reprinted in 1822. This would be the version carried by the unnamed central character in The Way of a Pilgrim and was responsible for a spiritual revival in 19th century Russia, impacting a lot of her people, including Fyodor Dostoevsky. A second translation was published in 1857 and was done by St. Ignatii Brianchaninov (1807-1867). A third one was done by St. Theophan the Recluse (1815-1894), but he included other texts not in the Greek original as well as paraphrases or omissions of other sections. This translation was published in five volumes under the auspicies of the Russian Monastery of St. Panteleimon at Mount Athos in 1877. A Romanian translation first appeared in 1946 with Fr. Dumitru Staniloae presiding as editor (the fifth volume appeared in 1976 and it's expected to be eight volumes). A French translation is currently in the works. Both of these use the Greek.

Contents of the Philokalia

This listing of texts is based on the English translation, started by Bishop Kallistos Ware, G.E.H. Palmer and Philip Sherrard and published by Faber and Faber Ltd. The fifth volume has yet to be published. While there is no definite date set, it is predicted by the publisher to be made available sometime late in 2006. This translation uses the third edition published by the Astir Publishing Company.

For the Encouragement of the Monks in India who had Written to Him: 100 Texts

Ascetic Discourse Sent at the Request of the Same Monks in India

There is also an appendix entitled "On the Character of Men and on the Virtuous Life: 170 Texts." Nicodemus attributes it to the model monastic Antony of Egypt; however the language and the general idea is not explicitly Christian. It was included perhaps because it had resonances of Christianity and Nicodemus thought that another work—from Peter of Damascus—quotes from this work and attributes it to Antony. However no such connection can be found.

Topics of Natural and Theological Science and on the Moral and Ascetic Life: 150 Texts

The Declaration of the Holy Mountain in Defence of Those who Devoutly Practice a Life of Stillness

Guide to Reading the Philokalia

Like all spiritual readings, the Philokalia should be read under the guidance of a spiritual father as to avoid misinterpretations or malpractice of spiritual remedies. For those who are not practicing monastics, the idea of divorcing oneself from the normal life may seem extreme. Nevertheless, keep in mind that those who practice the monastic life are called to live a total Christ-centered life or to use Christ's words "becoming eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake" (Matthew 19:12). In spite of the audience, there are also sayings and writings that are relevant to those who are called to "remain in the world" such as the practice of virtues or the controlling, even extinguishing, of the passions.

Also, this work is not meant to be read all at once. It should be approached like a Merck's Medical Journal: look up the things that are relevant for whatever moment you as a reader need it. The English translations make it easier to use it in this way. For an example, if you are wondering about what patience is about, simply look at the index. If the page numbers are in bold, then it is a significant passage of text addressing that issue; otherwise it may appear as either one sentence or a small part of a larger context.