The disease our group chose to look at was cystic fibrosis. It is a recessive trait caused by mutations in a gene on the 7th chromosome that "Causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body"([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001167/]). This disease is life threatening and has a prevalence (at birth) of 1 in 2000 to 3000 in Europe and 1 in 3500 in the U.S. [http://www.who.int/genomics/public/geneticdiseases/en/index2.html]. The marker used is a two nucleotide deletion and has identy rs200007348 and a description of the phenotype along with location in the chromosome. can be found at [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?rs=200007348].<br>

The disease our group chose to look at was cystic fibrosis. It is a recessive trait caused by mutations in a gene on the 7th chromosome that "Causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body"([http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001167/]). This disease is life threatening and has a prevalence (at birth) of 1 in 2000 to 3000 in Europe and 1 in 3500 in the U.S. [http://www.who.int/genomics/public/geneticdiseases/en/index2.html]. The marker used is a two nucleotide deletion and has identy rs200007348 and a description of the phenotype along with location in the chromosome. can be found at [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/SNP/snp_ref.cgi?rs=200007348].<br>

Contents

OUR TEAM

Name: Tyler RayResearch and development scientist

Name: Seth HowellR&D

Name: Ryan Open PCR machine engineer

Name: HamasProtocol

Name: DeannaOpen PCR machine engineer

Name: DanielaR&D

Everyone has contributed to this project even though there are only two usernames. Every person used these two users to make edits to the wiki. Dr. Haynes said that this would be sufficient enough to give each member full participation credit for this project

LAB 2 WRITE-UP

Thermal Cycler Engineering

Our re-design is based upon the Open PCR system originally designed by Josh Perfetto and Tito Jankowski.

System Design

The image above portrays the main heating block located inside the OpenPCR.
Consequently, the entire dimensions of the OpenPCR will increase accordingly, to fit the new 5x5 heating block.
An example is shown in the image above, indicating that the lid of the device
will increase to accommodate the new heating block.

The KeyPad will be detachable, and will be connected through the USB connection.
This KeyPad will help the user to better control the cycles and
and other factors such as time and temperature.

Key Features

The key features of the new design include a larger main heating block and a
detachable KeyPad. The larger heating block will allow the user to test
nine more samples at a time. By adding a detachable KeyPad, the user has greater
control over many of the factors that affect the device. This KeyPad will connect
directly to the arduino chip through the USB connection already located on the side
of the OpenPCR. The screen on top will display the questions, asking the user to enter
the amount of time and temperature desired per cycle. It will also ask when to initiate
the first cycle, main cycles, and last cycles.
The beauty of this new design is that there are no difficult directions to operate
the device, and absolutely no other technology is necessary to run it.

Instructions

The new OpenPCR will be assembled and operated almost identical to the old OpenPCR.
The only difference is that the user will have to attach the KeyPad to the USB
connection before starting to operate the device.

*important* Use one pipet for each transfer do not reuse the pipet.
*The DNA priming mixture consists of the forward and back primers, nucleotides, and DNA polymerase.*

3. After the DNA priming mixture is transferred move each tube into the PCR machine.
4. Plug PCR machine in and attach the keypad to USB.
5. Programming the PCR heating procedure:

a. Enter in the number of parts the heating portion will have(example First cycle, Main cycle and Last cycle=3).
b. Enter the number of cycles for each part in order
c. Enter temperature of each cycle in order.
d. place all the test tubes prepared in steps 1-3 in heating pad
e. press * to begin the heating program and wait until the process is complete.

Flourimeter instructions

1. Place the flourimeter on the table and turn on the blue light.
2. Place provided glass slide on flourimeter track so that the first row of dots is even with the light.
3. Place phone cradle in front of the flourimeter with a smart phone facing perpendicular to the beam of light. (as seen in the picture).
4. Add two drops of green dye on the dots that are even with the light.
5. Place two drops of DNA sample on top of the green dye.
6. Cover the flourimeter and phone by turning the large box over and placing it above both of them.
7. Take a picture of the droplet with the camera.
8. Save the picture and send it to the imageJ operator.

Instructions for opening images in imageJ

1. Take a picture of the fluorimeter assembly with a smartphone.
2. Transfer the picture to a laptop equipped with imageJ via icloud or email.
3. Open imageJ and select file, then hit open.
4. Find the file on the computer and select it.
5. The image is now open and can be analyzed.
6. The image can be split into three images (blue, green, and red) for better analysis by selecting: image-color-split channels.

Research and Development

Background on Disease Markers
The disease our group chose to look at was cystic fibrosis. It is a recessive trait caused by mutations in a gene on the 7th chromosome that "Causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body"([1]). This disease is life threatening and has a prevalence (at birth) of 1 in 2000 to 3000 in Europe and 1 in 3500 in the U.S. [2]. The marker used is a two nucleotide deletion and has identy rs200007348 and a description of the phenotype along with location in the chromosome. can be found at [3].

Primer Design

Forward primer
5'AAAAAAACAATCTTTTAAACAC3'
Reverse Primer
3'TGTTTACTTACCGTAGCTTC5'
The disease allele will give a positive result in open pcr because both the forward and reverse primers match that allele perfectly. The non-disease allele will not give a positive result because there is a frameshift mutation between the two alleles. Two nucleotides are added into the non-disease allele (between the second, and third nucleotides before the 5' end of the reverse primer). This means that the first two nucleotides willl bind to the reverse primer, but the rest will not, and exponential replication of the disease-carrying allele will be impossible.