Conclusions

Although abused drugs are generally analyzed in urine and blood, other matrices such as hair, oral fluid, sweat and meconium offer certain advantages for special population of subjects. Each matrix provides unique perspective on drug detection. These matrices generally contain lower concentrations of drugs as compared to urine and thus pose special analytical challenges. Although some of the analytical challenges have been overcome by the newer technologies, still there is a need for improvement to overcome sensitivity and specificity issues. Also, there is need for better understanding of drug and metabolites disposition in these matrices to effectively overcome the issues of external contamination. Despite these issues, these matrices provide additional opportunities in drug detection, enforcement and deterrence programs.

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