Radiation therapy considerably reduces the risk of primary tumor recurrence but at the same time carries a threat of post-radiation damage to the cardiovascular system. Early detection and timely treatment of radiation-induced heart disease is a relevant issue for cancer survivors; the number of such patients progressively increases due to achievements of oncology. This article includes two sections: a review of literature and a report of a case. Also the article focuses important prospects related with the necessity for definitive training of cardiologists and heart surgeons on peculiarities of diagnostics and treatment of this disease.