The 5.0 L (4973 cc) version produced 326 PS (322 hp/240 kW) at 5700 rpm and 354 ft·lbf (480 N·m) at 3900 rpm. Later engines had the full throttle enrichment removed and power was a little less, closer to 320 PS (315 hp/235 kW).

The 6.0 L M119 replaced the M120 V12 in the CLK-LM race car, which then won every race in the FIA GT series, which ultimately resulted in the GT1 class being canceled.

For 1994 model year, there also limited AMG models for Japan which built or sold between October 1993 to September 1999 in left-hand drive. Installed engine was M119.970 which has 5956 cc of displacement, 380 PS (279 kW; 375 hp), and 59.10 kg⋅m (427.5 lb⋅ft) of torque.

1.
Mercedes-Benz
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Mercedes-Benz is a global automobile manufacturer and a division of the German company Daimler AG. The brand is known for vehicles, buses, coaches. The headquarters is in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, the slogan for the brand is the best or nothing and Mercedes-Benz was one of the top growing brands in 2014 with 18% growth. The Mercedes automobile was first marketed in 1901 by Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft, emil Jellinek, an Austrian automobile entrepreneur who worked with DMG created the trademark in 1902, naming the 1901 Mercedes 35 hp after his daughter Mercedes Jellinek. The first Mercedes-Benz brand name vehicles were produced in 1926, following the merger of Karl Benzs, on 28 June 1926, Mercedes Benz was formed with the merger of Karl Benz and Gottlieb Daimlers two companies. Gottlieb Daimler was born on 17 March 1834 in Schorndorf, after training as a gunsmith and working in France, he attended the Polytechnic School in Stuttgart from 1857 to 1859. After completing various activities in France and England, he started work as a draftsman in Geislingen in 1862. At the end of 1863, he was appointed inspector in a machine tool factory in Reutlingen. Throughout the 1930s, Mercedes-Benz produced the 770 model, a car that was popular during Germanys Nazi period, Adolf Hitler was known to have driven these cars during his time in power, with bulletproof windshields. Most of the models have been sold at auctions to private buyers. One of them is currently on display at the War Museum in Ottawa, the pontiffs Popemobile has often been sourced from Mercedes-Benz. In 1944,46,000 forced laborers were used in Daimler-Benzs factories to bolster Nazi war efforts, the company later paid $12 million in reparations to the laborers families. Mercedes-Benz has introduced many technological and safety innovations that became common in other vehicles. Mercedes-Benz is one of the best-known and established automotive brands in the world, for information relating to the famous three-pointed star, see under the title Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft including the merger into Daimler-Benz. As part of the Daimler AG company, the Mercedes-Benz Cars division includes Mercedes-Benz, mercedes-AMG became a majority owned division of Mercedes-Benz in 1999. The company was integrated into DaimlerChrysler in 1999, and became Mercedes-Benz AMG beginning on 1 January 1999, Daimlers ultra-luxury brand Maybach was under Mercedes-Benz cars division until 2013, when the production stopped due to poor sales volumes. It now exists under the Mercedes-Maybach name, with the models being ultra-luxury versions of Mercedes cars, Daimler coorporates with BYD Auto to make and sell a battery-electric car called Denza in China. In 2016, Daimler announced plans to sell Mercedes-Benz branded all-electric battery cars in China, beside its native Germany, Mercedes-Benz vehicles are also manufactured or assembled in, Since its inception, Mercedes-Benz had maintained a reputation for its quality and durability

2.
V8 engine
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A V8 engine is an eight-cylinder V configuration engine with the cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two sets of four, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft. Most banks are set at an angle to each other, some at a narrower angle, with 45°, 60°. In its simplest form, the V8 is basically two parallel inline-four engines sharing a common crankshaft, since the 1920s, most V8s have used the somewhat more complex crossplane crankshaft with heavy counterweights to eliminate the vibrations. This results in an engine that is smoother than a V6, most racing V8s continue to use the single plane crankshaft because it allows faster acceleration and more efficient exhaust system designs. In 1902, Léon Levavasseur took out a patent on a light and he called it the Antoinette after the young daughter of his financial backer. From 1904 he installed this engine in a number of competition speedboats, the aviation pioneer Alberto Santos-Dumont saw one of these boats in Côte dAzur and decided to try it on his 14-bis aircraft. Its early 24 hp at 1400 rpm version with only 55 kg of weight was interesting, Santos-Dumont ordered a larger and more powerful version from Levavasseur. He changed its dimensions from the original 80 mm stroke and 80 mm bore to 105 mm stroke and 110 mm bore, obtaining 50 hp with 86 kg of weight and its power-to-weight ratio was not surpassed for 25 years. Levavasseur eventually produced its own line of V8 equipped aircraft, named Antoinette I to VIII, hubert Latham piloted the V8 powered Antoinette IV and Antoinette VII in July 1909 on two failed attempts to cross the English Channel. However, in 1910, Latham used the VII with the engine to become the first in the world to reach an altitude of 3600 feet. Voisin constructed pusher biplanes with Antoinette engines, also, notably the one first flown successfully by Henry Farman in 1908, the V8 engine configuration became popular in France from 1904 onward, and was used in a number of aircraft engines introduced by Renault, and Buchet among others. Some of these found their way into automobiles in small quantities. In 1905, Darracq built a car to beat the world speed record. They came up with two racing car built on a common crankcase and camshaft. The result was monstrous engine with a displacement of 1,551 cu in, victor Hemery fixed that record on 30 December 1905 with a speed of 109.65 mph. Rolls-Royce built a 3,535 cc V8 car from 1905 to 1906, in 1907 The Hewitt Motor Company built a large 5 passenger Touring Car. It was equipped with a hefty V8 engine that developed 50/60 horsepower and had a bore of 4 inches, the Hewitt was the first American Automobile to be equipped with a V8 engine. De Dion-Bouton introduced a 7,773 cc automobile V8 in 1910 and it was produced only in small quantities, but inspired a number of manufacturers to follow suit

3.
Multi-valve
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In automotive engineering a multi-valve or multivalve engine is one where each cylinder has more than two valves. A multi-valve engine has better breathing and may be able to operate at higher revolutions per minute than a two-valve engine, a multi-valve engine design typically has three, four, or five valves per cylinder to achieve improved performance. Any four-stroke internal combustion engine needs at least two valves per cylinder, one for intake of air and fuel, and another for exhaust of combustion gases. Adding more valves increases valve area and improves the flow of intake and exhaust gases, thereby enhancing combustion, volumetric efficiency, multi-valve geometry allows the spark plug to be ideally located within the combustion chamber for optimal flame propagation. Multi-valve engines tend to have smaller valves that have lower reciprocating mass, which can wear on each cam lobe. Some engines are designed to each intake valve at a slightly different time. More valves also provide additional cooling to the cylinder head, the disadvantages of multi-valve engines are an increase in manufacturing cost and a potential increase in oil consumption due to the greater number of valve stem seals. Some SOHC multi-valve engines use a single fork-shaped rocker arm to drive two valves so that fewer cam lobes will be needed in order to reduce manufacturing costs, three-valve cylinder head This has a single large exhaust valve and two smaller intake valves. A three-valve layout allows better breathing than a head. The manufacturing cost for this design can be lower than for a four-valve design, the three-valve design was common in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and from 2004 the main valve arrangement used in Ford F-Series trucks, and Ford SUVs. Four-valve cylinder head This is the most common type of multi-valve head and this design allows similar breathing as compared to a three-valve head, and as the small exhaust valves allow high RPM, this design is very suitable for high power outputs. Five-valve cylinder head Less common is the head, with two exhaust valves and three inlet valves. All five valves are similar in size and this design allows excellent breathing, and, as every valve is small, high RPM and very high power outputs are theoretically available. After making five-valve Genesis engines for several years, Yamaha has reverted to the cheaper four-valve design, beyond five valves For a cylindrical bore and equal-area sized valves, increasing the number of valves beyond five decreases the total valve area. The following table shows the areas of differing valve quantities as proportion of cylinder bore. These percentages are based on geometry and do not take into account orifices for spark plugs or injectors. Also, in practice, exhaust valves are larger than intake in heads with an even number of valves-per-cylinder. The same applies to variable valve timing and variable intake manifolds, rotary valves also offer improved engine breathing and high rev performance but these were never very successful

4.
Hydraulics
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Hydraulics is a technology and applied science using engineering, chemistry, and other sciences involving the mechanical properties and use of liquids or fluids. At a very basic level, hydraulics is the version of pneumatics. Fluid mechanics provides the foundation for hydraulics, which focuses on the applied engineering using the properties of fluids. In fluid power, hydraulics are used for the generation, control, hydraulic topics range through some parts of science and most of engineering modules, and cover concepts such as pipe flow, dam design, fluidics and fluid control circuitry, pumps. The principles of hydraulics are in use naturally in the body within the heart. Free surface hydraulics is the branch of hydraulics dealing with surface flow, such as occurring in rivers, canals, lakes, estuaries. Its sub-field open channel flow studies the flow in open channels, the word hydraulics originates from the Greek word ὑδραυλικός which in turn originates from ὕδωρ and αὐλός. Early uses of water power date back to Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, other early examples of water power include the Qanat system in ancient Persia and the Turpan water system in ancient Central Asia. The Greeks constructed sophisticated water and hydraulic power systems, an example is the construction by Eupalinos, under a public contract, of a watering channel for Samos, the Tunnel of Eupalinos. An early example of the usage of hydraulic wheel, probably the earliest in Europe, is the Perachora wheel, notable is the construction of the first hydraulic automata by Ctesibius and Hero of Alexandria. Hero describes a number of working machines using hydraulic power, such as the force pump, in ancient China there was Sunshu Ao, Ximen Bao, Du Shi, Zhang Heng, and Ma Jun, while medieval China had Su Song and Shen Kuo. Du Shi employed a waterwheel to power the bellows of a blast furnace producing cast iron, Zhang Heng was the first to employ hydraulics to provide motive power in rotating an armillary sphere for astronomical observation. In ancient Sri Lanka, hydraulics were used in the ancient kingdoms of Anuradhapura. The discovery of the principle of the tower, or valve pit. By the first century AD, several irrigation works had been completed. The coral on the rock at the site includes cisterns for collecting water. They were among the first to use of the siphon to carry water across valleys. They used lead widely in plumbing systems for domestic and public supply, hydraulic mining was used in the gold-fields of northern Spain, which was conquered by Augustus in 25 BC

5.
Mercedes-Benz W124
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W124 is the Mercedes-Benz internal chassis-designation for the 1984 to 1995/96 version of the Mercedes-Benz E-Class, as well as the first generation to be officially referred to as E-Class. The W124 models replaced the W123 models after 1984 and were succeeded by the W210 E-Class after 1995, in North America, the W124 was sold for the 1985 through 1996 model years. The W124 is a vehicle platform. Due to the high cost of German engineering and build quality, front suspension uses a separate spring and damper with a rubber top mount. The rear suspension of the W124 features the Mercedes multi-link axle introduced in 1982 with the Mercedes 190, estate cars had Citroen-like rear self-leveling suspension with suspension struts rather than shock absorbers, gas-filled suspension spheres to provide damping and an under bonnet pressurizing pump. Unlike the traditional Citroën application Mercedes opted for a ride height. The R129 SL roadster was based on the W124 platform, and in return, W124 was equipped with one of the roadsters engines, which comprised the 500 E. Much of the 124s engineering and many of its features were advanced technology at its introduction. It had a single windscreen wiper that had a mechanism at its base that extended the wipers reach to the top corners of the windscreen. The saloon/sedan, coupés and convertibles had optional rear headrests that would fold down remotely to improve visibility when required. This improved fuel consumption while simultaneously meeting stricter emission regulations, mercedes-Benzs four-wheel drive system, the 4Matic was first introduced on the W124 in 1987. The estate cars came in 5- or 7-seat models, the 7-seater having a rear-facing bench seat that folded flush luggage compartment cover, in the US 7-seat models were standard, 5-seat models were not available. The S124 estate continued in production alongside the new W210 until the S210 estate launched more than a year later, a two-door coupé version was also built, with the chassis designation C124. Mercedes launched a version in Europe in 1991, the 300CE-24 cabriolet. The 320CE, and North America, the 300CE, in 1992 and these versions were re-designated as the E320 in 1993, complemented by the less powerful, but less expensive E220 in 1993, and the mainland-Europe-only E200 in 1994. Mercedes brought the E320 cabriolet to the USA and Japan from 1993 to 1995, there were 68 E36 AMG cabriolets built from 1993 until 1996 to complement the also rare E36 AMG coupé, saloon and estate. The pre-merger AMG coupés are based on the 124 series 2 update, the AMG3. 4CE are all LHD,25 were produced from 1988 until 1993. The E320, E220, and E200 cabriolets ceased production in 1997, Indian assembly began in March 1995

6.
Mercedes-Benz E-Class
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Prior to 1993, Mercedes-Benz offered the same category of car under a non-unified naming structure. The E initially stood for Einspritzmotor, a new feature in volume production vehicles at the time that the E-Class first appeared, with the E as a suffix to the engine nomenclature in the 1960s. It was not until the launch of the facelifted W124 in 1993 that the E was used as a prefix, at this time all Mercedes cars used fuel injection and the company felt it was no longer necessary to add this as a distinguishing feature. All generations of the E-Class have offered either rear-wheel drive or Mercedes 4Matic four-wheel drive system, historically, the E-Class is Mercedes-Benz best-selling model, with more than 13 million sold by 2015. The First E-Klasse series was available as four-door sedan, five-door station wagon,2 door coupe and 2 door convertible. With the latest incarnation of the E-Class released for the 2017 model year, the first modern midsize Mercedes was the W120 Ponton 180 of 1953. Sharing its engineering with the R121190 SL of 1955, the Ponton was a sedan with a four-cylinder engine. A larger-engined W121190 appeared in 1958, Mercedes added tailfins to both the big S-Class and the new W110 Fintail 190 of 1962. In the 1965230 model a Straight-6 engine appeared for the first time, the midsize Mercedes was redesigned in 1968 as the W114/W115 Stroke-8. This time, the 6-cylinder models were most prevalent, with the W115 line making up the bottom of the offerings with four –. Diesel engines joined the line-up, as did a coupé body, the popular W123 quickly became a best-seller on its launch in 1976. Especially in diesel powered 200D and 240D guises, the cars enhanced the reputation for product quality. Over 2.6 million were produced until the end of production in 1986, saloon/Sedan, Coupé and Estate body configurations were offered. When the series received a facelift in 1993, the structure was rationalised with new letter-first nomenclature. Similar to its predecessors, the W124 also offered a coupé, a new convertible was also available, making it the first mid-size Mercedes convertible. The E-Class name first appeared in with the facelifted W124 in 1993 for the model year 1994, the diesel versions continued to be the fuel economy option over the four and six-cylinder gasoline engines, and the gasoline V8 engines increased gasoline power outputs further. Four-cylinder gasoline models were not marketed in the United States, the V8 powered sedans/saloons were named 400 E/500 E from 1992–1993, and E 420/E500 after 1993. Likewise, the 3. 0-litre cars were also re-badged to E320 with the new 3. 2-litre M104 engines, for the diesel models the name change was less elegant, with the 250 D becoming the E250 Diesel for example

7.
Mercedes-Benz E-Class (W210)
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The Mercedes-Benz W210 is an executive car which was produced by the German automaker Mercedes-Benz from 1995 through 2002. They were sold under the E-Class model names in both sedan and station wagon body types, W210 development started in 1988, three years after the W124s introduction. W210 design work was frozen in May 1992 and developed for a vehicle by late 1992. This design was previewed on the 1993 Coupé Concept shown at the Geneva Auto Show in March 1993, design patents for both the Coupé Concept and the W210 E-Class were filed on 25 February 1993 in Germany and August 25,1993 in the US. On July 21,1998, design patents were filed on an updated W210, in addition, the 5-speed automatic transmission introduced Touch Shift, which used the +/- gate positions for semi-manual control of the gearbox. This electronic system replaced the previous gated shift arrangement and simplified gear changes, exterior changes included a revised front with a steeper rake, similar to the CLK, and restyled bumpers and lower body trim. Unlike the traditional Citroën application Mercedes opted for a ride height. It was the first Mercedes-Benz production car featuring Xenon headlamps and this was the first time a V6 engine was offered to replace the straight-six configuration. This new Mercedes-Benz M112 engine produced 221 hp and 229 ft·lbf of torque, other offerings were the E420, E430, and E55 AMG with 354 hp and a 5.4 L normally aspirated engine. In North America, the range features two diesels, including both non-turbocharged and turbocharged 3.0 litre straight-six units. In 2000, Mercedes-Benz discontinued diesel powerplants in the E-class in North America, in Europe, the diesel engines were superseded by more advanced Common Rail units. The CDI engines were not offered in North America until the E320 CDI in the newer W211 model, gasoline Engines for North American Market and Curb Weight. E320 1996-1997 E320 1997-2002 E 420/4001997 E430 1998-2002 E55 AMG 1998-2002 Diesel for North American Market, E300 Diesel 1996-1997 E300 Turbodiesel 1998-1999 The early W210 E-Class carried over the 4-speed 722.3 automatic from the previous W124 generation E-Class. In 1997, Mercedes installed in the E-class its electronically controlled model 722.6 five-speed automatic transmission that first saw duty in 1995 in the V8-powered W140 S-class models, the 722.6 transmission is now used in a number of Daimler-Chrysler vehicles. A five-speed manual is available, although after the facelift in 2000. The 5-speed transmission was marketed as sealed for life, however, ET is the German abbreviation for Einpresstiefe or offset, where the number is in mm and indicates the amount of offset. This ETxx is stamped on the inside of OEM rims for easy reference, the bolt pattern is 5x112, with an offset range of 30–40 mm, a wheel size range of 16x6.0 to 20x8.5. This is the bolt pattern as most Mercedes, including the previous E-Class

8.
Mercedes-Benz W140
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The Mercedes-Benz W140 is a series of flagship vehicles that were manufactured by the German automotive company Mercedes-Benz. On November 16,1990, Mercedes-Benz unveiled the W140 S-Class via press release, later appearing in several February and March editions of magazines. The W140 made its debut at the Geneva Motor Show in March 1991, with the first examples rolling off the production line in April 1991. Short and long wheelbase sedans were offered initially, as well as the body style C140 from October 1992. Like all Mercedes-Benz lines, the W140 S-Class was rationalized in late 1993 using the new letter-first nomenclature, the SE, SEL, and SEC cars were renamed the S-Class, with alphanumerical designations inverted. For example, the 500 SE became the S500, in 1996 the coupé models following a mid-life update were separated into the CL-Class. The W140 series S-Class was superseded by the W220 S-Class sedan, Mercedes-Benz built 432,732 examples of the 140 series, comprising 406,710 sedans and 26,022 coupés. As with its predecessor, the W140 was the first of the generation of Mercedes-Benz models to feature the companys new design theme. This design was adopted in 1993 for use on the facelifted W124. Development on the W140 began in 1981, originally set for an October 1989 production start, the 4 door sedan type body was styled by Bruno Sacco. From 1982 to 1986 several designs were reviewed, until December 9,1986 when a design by Olivier Boulay was approved. The design was said by lead designer Bruno Sacco to be influenced by Jaguars XJ40 sedan, in 1987, an 18-month delay was made from 1989 to 1991 to accommodate a V12 engine and a high-performance braking system. This resulted in the development prototypes being completed in June 1990. Pilot production models were made from June 1990 to January 1991, in 1989, Lexus introduced the LS400 luxury sedan. To rival the LS400, extra features were rushed for the launch of the 1991 W140 causing budget overruns and costing the job of Daimler-Benzs chief engineer, Wolfgang Peter. For details like this, the W140 is often known as the last Mercedes to be over-engineered, according to Motor Trend, this action reportedly caused project cost overruns and resulted in the departure of Wolfgang Peter, Daimler-Benzs chief engineer. The vehicle is believed to have cost Mercedes-Benz over $1 billion to develop, for the consumer, the W140 cost a considerable 25 percent more than its predecessor, the W126. The W140 was to feature air suspension as an option, Mercedes chose to launch air-suspension in the next generation S-Class in 1998

9.
Mercedes-Benz S-Class
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The Mercedes-Benz S-Class, formerly known as Sonderklasse, is a series of luxury flagship vehicles produced by the German automaker Mercedes-Benz, a division of German company Daimler AG. The S-Class designation for top-of-the-line Mercedes-Benz models was introduced in 1972 with the W116. The S-Class has debuted many of the companys latest innovations, including drivetrain technologies, interior features, the S-Class has ranked as the worlds best-selling luxury sedan, and its latest generation, the W222 S-Class, premiered in 2013. As in previous iterations, the W221 S-Class is sold in standard and long-wheelbase versions, I4, V6, V8, V12, diesel, all models built in Mexico or sold in the United States are only available in long wheelbase. In automotive terms, Sonderklasse refers to a specially outfitted car, although used colloquially for decades, following its official application in 1972, six generations of officially named S-Klasse sedans have been produced. Previous two-door coupe models of the S-Class were known as SEC, in 2016, the S-Class Cabriolet, internally named A217, was introduced with three variants, the S550 Cabriolet, the Mercedes-AMG S63 Cabriolet with 4Matic, and the Mercedes-AMG S65 Cabriolet. The Mercedes-Maybach S650 Cabriolet, based on the S65 Cabriolet, was announced in 2016, competing models include the BMW7 Series, Audi A8, Jaguar XJ, Lexus LS, and the Maserati Quattroporte. In 1993, when the W202 was introduced as C-Class, the naming convention was reversed. From then on, the models and the regular-length models are both labeled with the prefix of S regardless of length. For example, both 500SE and 500SEL are now labeled as S500/S500L, with fuel injection being standard by now anyway, the W221 S-Class has been available in four trim levels, the numbers are given in ascending order to denote more upscale models. In official Mercedes-Benz publications and on vehicle nameplates, a space between the letter and numbers is customary, the W180 line debuted in 1954, and is the first lineup of Ponton models retroactively associated with the Mercedes-Benz S-Class. The W180 featured six-cylinder sedan, coupé, and convertible models, the later W128 lineup, introduced in the mid-to-late 1950s, was the last to be associated with the Ponton name. It featured the 220a,219, 220S, and 220SE models powered by a 2. 2L straight-6, the Ponton designation referred to pontoon fenders, a stylistic feature on the W180/W128 models. Both Ponton models were Mercedes first without a frame, using a unitized body/frame construction. Mercedes Benz Fintail is a given to certain Mercedes Benz vehicles which show American influences in design including the presence of tailfins. Though never officially designated as such, the Fintail series replaced the Ponton series. The exterior was designed for the European and North American markets, the body was modern and featured a characteristic tailfins that gave the models their nickname — the fintail. The W111 was a code given to its top-range vehicles, including four-door sedans, produced from 1959 to 1968

10.
Mercedes-Benz SL-Class (R129)
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The Mercedes-Benz R129 SL roadsters were produced from 1989 through 2002. The R129 replaced the R107 in 1989 and was in its turn replaced by the R230 SL-Class in 2002 for the 2003 model year, the R129 was produced as a two-door, two-seat roadster with an automated, collapsible textile roof, with a shell-like, color-matched, tonneau cover. All R129s came standard with a detachable hardtop that was fitted by folding the canvas roof down. The R107s rather dated rear diagonal swing axle gave way to a modern multi-link axle, the number of standard features was high, with electric action for the windows, mirrors, seats and hydraulic convertible top. Starting in 1993 for the 1994 model year, R129 were re-designated, for example,500 SL became SL500. Sport package is 8 and 9 x 18 with 245/40 and 275/35 tires respectively, fiber-Optic digital audio links to the CD player instead of analogue copper One-touch starting- called Tip-start. There was a choice of 5-speed manual or 4–5 speed automatic for the six-cylinder cars, in Autumn 1993 Mercedes-Benz rearranged names and models. Also, the 300 SL and 300 SL-24 were respectively replaced by, SL280 with a M1042.8 L 24-valve DOHC I6, only the 280 was available with a manual gearbox. SL500 and 600 continued with their respective engines, a second facelift, introduced in late 1998, comprised new external mirrors,17 wheels and new bumpers. Also new were the engines, SL280 with a M1122.8 L 18-valve SOHC V6, not all engines were offered in North America. The 1990 Mercedes-Benz SL base model was the 228 hp 300 SL version equipped with a manual or five-speed automatic transmission. For model year 1993, the 600 SL was additionally introduced stateside, the SL320 replaced the 300 SL in the United States in 1994, but the SL280 was not offered. The 6-cylinder SLs were dropped from the US line-up in 1998, leaving just the V8, front suspension Independent damper struts with separate coil springs and gas-pressurised shock absorbers, triangular lower control arms with anti-dive geometry and stabiliser bar. Rear suspension Independent 5-arm multilink with separate single-tube gas-pressurised shock absorbers and coil springs, geometry for anti-lift, anti-squat and alignment control, wheels 8. 0Jx16H2 aluminium alloy and regular. Tires 225/55 ZR16 steel-belted radial Brakes 2-circuit hydraulic power-assisted 4-wheel discs, body construction Monocoque with front and rear crumple zones and removable hardtop. Front suspension Independent damper strut with anti-dive geometry and stabiliser bar, separate shock absorbers and coil springs. Rear suspension Independent 5-arm multilink with geometry for anti-lift, anti-squat and alignment control, separate shock absorbers and coil springs. Steering Recirculating ball with power assist and hydraulic damper

11.
Mercedes-Benz SL-Class
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The Mercedes-Benz SL-Class is a grand touring roadster manufactured by Mercedes since 1954. The designation SL derives from the German Sportlich-Leicht, the SL designation was first applied to the 300 SL, often referred to as the Gullwing due to its gullwing or upward-opening doors. The term SL refers to the variations of the vehicle. The 300 SL was introduced in 1954 in coupé form, featuring gullwing doors, the 300 SL roadster succeeded the coupé in 1957. The four-cylinder 190 SL was more widely produced with 25,881 units, cars of the open SL-Class were available as a coupe with a removable hardtop or as a roadster with convertible soft top or with both tops. Production for the 190 SL and 300 SL ended in 1963 and it featured a low waistline and big curved greenhouse windows, and a Coupe Roadster with detachable hardtop, whose distinctive roofline earned the nickname pagoda top. The design was by Paul Bracq, around 1967, the engine received a displacement increase and the model became known as the 250 SL. Within a year the displacement was increased for the final time. Beginning with later versions of the 250 SL changes were made to dashboard padding, switches and knobs, door pockets, in addition, on the 230 SL formerly separate centre hub caps and wheel trim rings became full wheel covers. The body itself is built with a modern paint system designed to improve protection from rust,300 SL, 1986–1989 The 300 SL base model was available as standard in a 5-speed manual although very few were sold. The SOHC6 cylinder M103 is typically considered to have handling advantages with its lighter weight engine, the 1990 Mercedes SL base model was the 228 hp 3. 0-litre inline 6300 SL version in the US. In Europe the base model was the 190 hp 3. 0-litre inline 6300 SL with 12 valves, but it was the 322 hp 500 SL which made the most headlines. The specification was high, with windows, mirrors, seats. The R129 model was the first convertible/roadster to offer the automatic deployment in event of rollover. The motorist can also raise and lower the rollbar should he choose to. This facilitates the clean look of R129 without compromising the occupants safety,1994 saw a minor facelift for the SL with changes to the taillamps and white turn signal indicators in the front, and the 300 SL was replaced in Europe by the SL280 and SL320. The SL500 continued with the powerful engine. A389 hp 6. 0-litre V12 SL600 topped the range, introduced in 1993 as the 600 SL, it was re-badged the SL600 in 1994

12.
Sauber C9
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The C9 replaced the previous Sauber C8. The C9 was a development of Saubers previous C8 design, retaining a largely aluminium monocoque but considerably stiffer, the rear suspension changed from vertically positioned spring/damper units behind the oil tank to a horizontal layout aligned with the longitudinal axis of the car. Aerodynamic changes included the repositioning of the combination oil/water radiator to the nose of the car, commensurate with the repositioning of the radiators, the large NACA ducts were removed from the top of the door sills. The rear deck had been considerably re-profiled and the wing was now mounted solely on a central support. The engine was prepared by Swiss engine specialist, Heini Mader. It had been progressively lightened with the use of a new crankshaft, higher efficiency KKK turbochargers and it was a semi-stressed part of the chassis and ran a dry sump. There were no special qualifying engines and on 2.2 bar of boost it was said to produce almost 800 hp, maximum race boost was 1.9 bar. Maximum RPM was 7,000 but drivers generally kept to 6,500 during races, the torque curve was almost uniform between 3,000 and 6,000 rpm, giving the engine plenty of flexibility. The engine retained a cross plane crankshaft and the order was 1-5-4-8-6-3-7-2. For its debut season in 1987, the cars were run by Kouros Racing, named after the brand of its parent company, Yves Saint Laurent. The team managed a mere twelfth in the standings, scoring points in only a single round. For 1988, Kouros withdrew their sponsorship and the team was renamed Sauber Mercedes and this coincided with a change of senior management at Mercedes and the announcement by new deputy chairman Prof. Dr Werner Niefer that the company would support Group C sportscars. As a result, Mercedes was sponsored by AEG-Olympia – AEG being owned by Daimler-Benz at the time and they managed to finish second in the championship behind the Jaguar XJR-9 with five wins for the season. Finally, in 1989, the car was able to achieve great success, the engine had a Group C capacity equivalence of 8.454 litres. The C9 was able to win all but one race in the 1989 season, during qualifying, the Baldi/Acheson/Brancatelli C9 recorded a speed of 400 km/h on the Mulsanne Straight. In spite of this, it was the car of Schlesser/Jabouille/Cudini which occupied pole position on race day, the Sauber C9s would go on to finish first, second and fifth in the race. Mercedes driver Jean-Louis Schlesser would end up taking the championship that season. The C9 would be replaced by the Mercedes-Benz C11 from the race onwards of the 1990 season

A cylinder head from a 1987 Honda CRX Si showing SOHC, rocker arms, valve springs, and other components. This is a multi-valve configuration with two intake valves and one exhaust valve for each cylinder.

In automotive engineering, an inlet manifold or intake manifold (in American English) is the part of an engine that …

Carburetors used as intake runners

Comparison of a stock intake manifold for a Volkswagen 1.8T engine (top) to a custom-built one used in competition (bottom). In the custom-built manifold, the runners to the intake ports on the cylinder head are much wider and more gently tapered. This difference improves the volumetric efficiency of the engine's fuel/air intake.