1. A 3,150-kg truck accelerates from 4.2 m/s to 7.8 m/s in 14 s. Which describes the average force needed for the truck to accelerate under these conditions?

810 N

950 N

1,800 N

2,700 N

A

B

C

D

2. A 45-kg boy throws a 0.50-kg ball at 15 m/s. Then, a 60-kg boy throws the same ball at 15 m/s. Which boy generates more momentum?

Neither boy generates any momentum.

The 45-kg boy generates more momentum.

The 60-kg boy generates more momentum.

Both boys generate the same amount of momentum.

A

B

C

D

3. A machine pushes a 400.0-N box forward with a horizontal force of 50.0 N for 10.0 s. By how much does the momentum of the box change due to the machine? (Ignore friction.)

4.50 × 103 N • s

4.00 × 103 N • s

3.50 × 103 N • s

5.00 × 102 N • s

A

B

C

D

4. Which graph represents the relationship between the gravitational potential energy and the height of an object relative to the ground?

A

B

C

D

5. A circuit consists of a single resistor, R1, and a 9-V battery. A second identical resistor, R2, is added to the circuit in parallel with R1. How does the potential difference across R1 change after R2 is added?

The potential difference decreases because a 9-V battery cannot handle resistors in parallel.

The potential difference decreases because two resistors in parallel can split the 9 V equally.

The potential difference remains the same because resistors in parallel do not cause a change in voltage.

The potential difference remains the same because resistors in parallel create extra current that balances the extra resistance.

A

B

C

D

6. Two rocks with masses of 5 kg and 10 kg are dropped from a height of 20 m above the ground. Just before they reach the ground, which statement is true about the rocks? (Ignore all friction.)

The value for the acceleration of the 5-kg rock is the same as the value for the 10-kg rock, but the velocity values are different.

The values for the acceleration and velocity of the 5-kg rock are the same as the values for the 10-kg rock.

The values for the acceleration and velocity of the 5-kg rock are less than the values for the 10-kg rock.

The values for the acceleration and velocity of the 5-kg rock are greater than the values for the 10-kg rock.

A

B

C

D

7. The atoms of both copper and rubber contain protons and electrons; however, copper is more conductive than rubber. Why is copper able to conduct more electricity?

Copper contains free electrons, and rubber contains bound electrons.

Rubber contains free electrons, and copper contains bound electrons.

Copper contains free protons, and rubber contains bound protons.

Rubber contains free protons, and copper contains bound protons.

A

B

C

D

8. A positive glass rod is placed near a neutral metallic sphere. If they do not touch, what happens to the charges inside the sphere?

Like charges attract, which causes the sphere to become polarized.

Unlike charges attract, which causes the sphere to become polarized.

Like charges attract, which causes the sphere to become charged.

Unlike charges attract, which causes the sphere to become charged.

A

B

C

D

9. An electron loses 2.00 × 10−15 J of energy traveling to the screen of a laptop computer. Why is the energy loss small?

because the charge is small

because the charge is large

because the resistance is small

because the resistance is large

A

B

C

D

10. How does a large number of turns in an electromagnet create a strong magnetic field?

Each turn increases the amount of time it takes for the current to travel through the wire.

Each turn decreases the amount of time it takes for the current to travel through the wire.

Each turn increases the amount of induction produced by the current in the wire.

Each turn decreases the amount of induction produced by the current in the wire.

A

B

C

D

11. Two current-carrying solenoids are placed near each other. Which would increase the amount of mutual inductance the pair of coils experiences?

aligning the coils perpendicular to each other

aligning the coils parallel to each other

using only aluminum wiring

using only copper wiring

A

B

C

D

12. An object is in uniform, circular motion and is moving at a speed of 2.3 m/s. How does the speed of the object change if the centripetal force and the radius remain constant and the mass of the object quadruples?

Its speed is cut in half, because centripetal force is based on the square root of velocity.

Its speed is cut in half, because centripetal force is based on velocity squared.

Its speed doubles, because centripetal force is based on the square root of velocity.

Its speed doubles, because centripetal force is based on velocity squared.

A

B

C

D

13. A student throws a ball straight up into the air, and it travels to a height of 11 m. Ignoring air friction, what is the initial velocity of the ball?

15 m/s

10 m/s

7.3 m/s

1.3 m/s

A

B

C

D

14. The amount of work performed when an airplane took off from sea level and climbed to an altitude of 830 m in 65 s was 7.6 × 107 J. How much power from the airplaneās engine was required to produce this amount of work?

1.2 × 106 W

1.1 × 107 W

7.6 × 107 W

7.4 × 108 W

A

B

C

D

15. Which statement explains an increase in efficiency from using alternating current instead of direct current in power-distribution systems?

Alternating current has electrons that move with the current flow, and direct current has electrons that do not move with the current flow.

Alternating currents are used in low-voltage applications, whereas direct currents are used in high-voltage applications.

Alternating currents lose less power when transmitted through wires over long distances than direct currents do.

Alternating currents will not reverse the voltage and direction of the current flow, and direct currents will allow reverse voltage and current flow.

A

B

C

D

16. An electron beam enters a region between two oppositely charged electric plates, as shown in these diagrams.

In which direction will the electron beam bend?

It will bend toward the negative plate.

It will bend toward the positive plate.

It will bend in the opposite direction of the way it is moving.

It will not bend and will continue to move in the same direction.

A

B

C

D

17. A box is given an initial push and then slides across a frictionless floor. Which variable is assumed to be zero after the initial push?

kinetic energy

horizontal velocity

momentum

acceleration

A

B

C

D

18. This graph represents the energy change of a system over a period of 5 seconds.

What change in total mechanical energy is experienced by the system during the 5 seconds?

6.0 J

5.0 J

1.0 J

0 J

A

B

C

D

19. A current of 0.5 A flows through a 4-Ω resistance for 10 s. How does the amount of energy change when the current flows for 20 s?