About 287 BC in Syrause, Sicily. At the time Syracuse was an independent Greek city-state with a 500-year history.Died 212 or 211 BC in Syracuse when it was being sacked by a Roman army. He was killed by a Roman soldier who did not know who he was.EducationProbably studied in Alexandria, Egypt, under the followers of Euclid.Family His father was an astronomer named Phidias and he was probably related to Hieron II, the king of Syracuse. It is not known whether he was married or had any children.Inventions Many war machines used in the defense of Syracuse, compound pulley systems, planetarium, water screw (possibly), water organ (possibly), burning mirrors (very unlikely).Fields ofScienceInitiated Hydrostatics, static mechanics, pycnometry (the measurement of the volume or density of an object). He is called the “father of integral calculus” and also the “father of mathematical physics”.MajorWritings On plane equilibriums, Quadrature of the parabola, On the sphere and cylinder, On spirals, On conoids and spheroids, On floating bodies, Measurement of a circle, The Sandreckoner, On the method of mechanical problems.Place inHistoryGenerally regarded as the greatest mathematician and scientist of antiquity and one of the three greatest mathematicians of all time (together with Isaac Newton(English 1643-1727) and Carl Friedrich Gauss (German 1777-1855)).