Overall Ranking

D

Average Savings

$43

South Dakota Is a Cash Purchase State

Welcome to the 2015 South Dakota solar power rebate and incentive information page!

Note: The numbers above are just estimates for a 5kW solar system, and your home is unique. The best way to know exactly how much money solar power can save you is to connect with one of our partners nearby. A friendly solar expert we trust will give you a buzz and help you craft a personal plan to get the absolute most out of a solar power system for your home. It's 100% free (yes, that’s right, 100% free) and you aren't obligated to buy anything.

With Mount Rushmore, the Crazy Horse Memorial, the Badlands, and the Black Hills, who wouldn’t want to be out in the sun in South Dakota. Oh yeah, it’s the home of the Sturgis Harley rally too. With people coming from all around the world to visit, South Dakota should use renewable energy to keep powered up while protecting its great natural environment. Here’s what the state legislature has done to promote clean solar energy so far…

Questions? Our network of solar experts are on call to assist you. Simply sign up for personalized assistance on our special solar deals page. You can get discounted on-grid pricing as low as $4,000/kW! This is paired with the South Dakota solar incentives you see below.

Electric Bill Before Solar

$159

Electric Bill After Solar

$68

Est. Solar Payment

$48

Average savings

$43

First, take a look at a typical electric bill before considering solar power. That's a nasty outlay of cash. Imagine what you could do with all that immediate savings above every month.

As a result of what state legistlatures in leasing states have accomplished, you could instead save a bunch of cash. Imagine getting this bill in the mail instead. Whew!

Now, while you have a drastically cut back power bill, you also have a solar lease payment. Essentially, you're renting out your rooftop to a company who then pimps it out with solar panels. Then, you pay a lease payment to them for the power it produces. In each case, this payment added to your existing power bill will be lower than your previous bill, netting you instant savings with nothing down out of pocket! How awesome is that?!

Leasing vs. Buying If you decide not to go with the leasing option, we've calculated the amount of time it would take for your home solar panel system to pay for itself if you put up the cost of the install out of pocket or financed it yourself. This calculation (see the bottom of the page under "5kw Solar System Purchase Payback Time") takes into account all the rest of the incentives below, and assumes you meet all the criteria to take advantage of them (e.g. - having a tax appetite, south facing roof with limited shade, etc.)

RPS

10% by 2015 (voluntary)

Grade: F

A Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) requires utilities in the state to eventually source at least a certain percentage of their electricity from clean, renewable sources like solar panels.

South Dakota has set an objective of 10% renewable energy by 2015. While that would ordinarily be an adequate first step for an RPS, South Dakota’s RPS is entirely voluntary. There are no penalties or other sanctions for utility companies that do not meet the 10% goal.

Unfortunately, the pattern we’ve seen elsewhere is repeated in South Dakota: a voluntary RPS simply is not enough to spark meaningful incentives for solar power. This voluntary status makes an otherwise respectable RPS seem pretty weak in comparison. Additionally, the program lacks a solar carve out. More on that next.

South Dakota’s RPS is critical to strong renewable energy policy. Utility companies aren't really all that gung-ho about you producing your own power. After all, it costs them money when you use less of their electricity. They also don’t naturally want to give you big payments for energy you're feeding back into the grid. The main reason the utilities are aiding your transition to lower electric bills and offering you incentives to put solar on your roof is because the state forces them via compliance fees. For South Dakota’s solar scene to really take off, they’ll need to drop the “voluntary” compliance and crack down on utilities if they don’t step up their solar game.

What's an RPS? Your state legislature paves the way for strong solar energy incentives to flourish by setting standards for renewable energy generation within their territories. Those standards are called the state’s renewable portfolio standard (RPS). If utility companies do not meet these standards, they must pay alternative compliance fees directly to the state. Many utilities then determine the best ways to source their energy from renewable sources that are less expensive than this fee.

An RPS is a mandate that says "Hey utilities! Y'all now have to make a certain percentage of your electricity from renewable sources. If not, you'll have to pay us huge fines." The consequences are good, because utilities usually try to meet these RPS standards by creating solar power incentives for you, the homeowner.

RPS solar carve out

None

Grade: None

As mentioned above, South Dakota’s RPS lacks a solar carve out, or specified targets for solar production. If the RPS contained specific carve-outs for clean and efficient technologies like solar panels, or mandates for the environmentally necessary increases in distributed generation, you’d see even stronger incentives for residential solar power.

What's a solar set aside? A solar set aside guarantees a specific portion of the overall renewable energy mix generated comes from the sun. For those states with progressive standards, high alternative compliance payments, and clear solar carve outs, the faster those areas become ripe for solar.

Some states have higher alternative compliance fees than others, and some states have more progressive alternative energy standards and deadlines than others do.

For instance, New Jersey has an overall RPS of 22.5% by the year 2021. That requires local utilities to source 22.5% of their energy mix from renewable sources by the year 2021. Pretty good. However, New Jersey also has a specific solar set aside of 4.1% by 2028. That’s the type of firm commitment which really gets the industry rolling forward. No wonder why New Jersey is one of the hottest solar markets right now!

South Dakota Electricity Prices

$0.12/kwh

Grade: C

South Dakota homeowners pay an average of 12 cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh) of electricity. That’s definitely on the lower end of the spectrum and well below the national average of 13.14 cents/kWh. We know you like paying less now, but the long term costs of cheap electricity are through the roof. All that cheap electricity is produced by burning fossil fuels -- tons and tons of earth-killing fossil fuels. When the astronomical environmental costs start to mount, monthly electricity bills are inevitably going to rise as well. When that happens you’re going to feel pretty darn smart for making the early switch to producing your own clean, efficient solar power.

Why are electricity prices so important? Because that is what solar power is directly competing against. The cost to produce power with solar is relatively constant (of course how much sun hits your area has an effect), so if you are paying $0.40 per watt for power, then you make FOUR TIMES AS MUCH as the guy or girl paying $0.10 per watt electricity.

The caveat here is that if the $0.10 per watt person has a HUGE rebate, they may be better off than the $0.40 per watt person. Because of that, states without any renewable standards tend to be heavily reliant on cheap coal for electricity, and also have very low electricity prices. When electricity prices are artificially low, that hinders the ability of solar energy to achieve meaningful payback in the state.

South Dakota Solar Power Rebates

None

Grade: None

South Dakota currently lacks any sort of solar rebate programs. If the RPS set mandatory levels of renewable energy production, we can guarantee the utility companies would offer incentives to help you make the switch to solar. How do we know? It’s worked everywhere that a real RPS has been implemented. Get on it, South Dakota!

How do solar rebates work? Similar to getting a rebate card from your local big box store for a dishwasher purchase, state legislatures also provide rebates for solar panel purchases to spur on investment and create new jobs. If you purchase the solar panel system yourself, you qualify for this free cash, which many times is a lump payment back to you. Some solar installers like to take this amount directly off the total installed price, and they'll handle the paperwork for you to make things a lot less complex.

The availability of state and utility rebates were sourced from the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Energy Efficiency. The better the rebates, the higher the grade.

South Dakota Solar Power Tax Credits

No State Income Tax

Grade: None

Since South Dakota doesn’t have any income tax, there aren’t any solar tax credits to redeem!

Luckily, you will still benefit from the 30% Federal Solar Tax Credit. There's no cap on the federal tax credit and fortunately for South Dakota, having no state rebate to deduct means a larger tax credit coming your way. Sample calculations follow below -- keep scrolling!

About state solar tax credits: State tax credits are not technically free money. However, they are 'credits' and not 'deductions' which means that if you have the tax appetite to take advantage of them, then they can be a 1-to-1 dollar amount off your taxes instead of a fraction of the cost of the system. So that means they can be an important factor to consider. In certain circumstances, state tax credits can provide a very powerful incentive for people to go solar.

(Keep in mind, we are not tax professionals and give no tax advice so please consult a professional before acting on anything we say related to taxes)

Property Tax Exemption

$50,000 or 70% (greater amount) of total property value

Grade: A

While you won’t save money on your state income taxes, you will save bags and bags of cash with South Dakota’s property tax exemption. All solar power systems less than 5 megawatts (all but the very largest solar power systems) are assessed in the same manner as a conventional energy system (even though the solar power system is actually worth significantly more because of long-term savings on your electric bill). That’s what we’re used to seeing in a property tax exemption. South Dakota then takes it one dramatic step farther: the first $50,000 or 70% of the assessed value of the property used for producing solar power (i.e., your home), whichever is greater, is exempt from property taxes for four years. That may well be the strongest property tax exemption we’ve seen in the country.

About solar property tax exemptions: Property tax exemption status is a pretty big factor when putting together your investment considerations. Many argue that solar power adds approximately 20 times your annual electricity bill savings (if you are owning the system and not leasing. Leasing still has a positive impact on the ability to sell your home though, in our opinion).

For many average-sized solar power systems on a house, that can mean $20,000 to your home value. (Edit April, 2014: Some companies, like Solar Mosaic, are starting to offer traditional style equity-based home loans for such a thing). An additional $20,000 in property tax basis in many states amounts to a big chunk of change owed back to the state. However, many states have complete exemptions from added taxes when you install solar on your home!

The availability of a property tax exemption for solar energy was also sourced from the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Energy Efficiency. The stronger the tax exemption, the higher the grade.

Sales Tax Exemption

None

Grade: None

It may seem like nit-picking given the thousands the property tax exemption is going to save you, but we’d like to see lawmakers add a sales tax exemption as well. Especially due to the lack of utility rebates, that 4-6% a sales tax exemption would save you can really add up -- typically to savings of more than $1,000 on the typical residential solar power system.

What's the deal with solar power sales tax exemptions? When states give you a sales tax break on solar, we notice. You should too. State sales tax exemption status for the purchase of solar energy systems were sourced from the Database of State Incentives for Renewables and Energy Efficiency. Sales tax exemptions, if present, were all 100%. A handful of states are completely exempt from sales tax regardless, and therefore received ‘A’ grades by default (OR, DE, MT, AK, and NH).

Solar Power Performance Payments

None

Grade: None

South Dakota lacks any utility solar power performance payments. Again, this can be blamed on the voluntary RPS. Mandatory RPS = better solar incentives.

Explanation of performance payments: Performance payments represent a big chunk of the financial rationale for going solar, and in many instances they make your decision a wise one. For certain states, if you’ve got solar panels on your roof, not only will you be cutting your electric bill down to size, but you'll be getting paid additional cash from your utility company. Pretty awesome, huh? Not only are you generating electricity for yourself, freezing your own popsicles with sun, and feeling like you’re doing something smart for your children or any of the other 4 reasons people go solar, but you are getting PAID!

Utility companies are paying people with solar panels on their roofs because their states say they have to, otherwise they will pay a fee. Therefore, the payment amount to homeowners is typically a little bit less than the amount they would be billed for by the state. For states with these alternative compliance fees, Solar Renewable Energy Credit (SREC) exchanges have popped up. In the above chart, we outlined an estimate of yearly payments a homeowner might expect from the utility company for the SREC credits from their solar energy system.

If you don’t know what an SREC is, or how they work, check out this great SREC video

Time it Takes for 5kW of Solar Power to Pay for Itself

16 Years

Grade: D

If you were to install a 5kW solar energy system on your house, we calculate it would pay for itself in 16 years! We based our calculations on a typical resident of Sioux Falls.

How do all the numbers typically add up? Glad you asked! Let’s see:

Installing a typical 5kW solar system should start at about $25,000. Don’t worry – even without state incentives, you’re still going to save a lot, just in the first year.

Since the feds calculate the federal solar tax credit based on actual out of pocket costs, no state solar power rebates or other incentives mean a bigger federal tax credit. Subtract $7,500 (30% of $25,000) for a new price of $17,500.

After the federal solar tax credit we subtract your first year’s energy savings, which we estimate to be about $796. That brings your cost after the first year to $16,704.

With a conservative estimate for the future rise of electricity prices, you can expect your new solar power system to pay for itself in about 16 years. Even with that somewhat slower payback time frame, you can still expect to get about 9 years of profits out of your solar power system. We estimate those profits to be nearly 15 grand through 2039.

In addition to those direct wallet-fattening savings, you also increased your home value by $15,912, tax free for the first five years!

In addition to all that cash (and home value), you’ve created some green for the earth as well by not using all that fossil-fuel backed electricity. In fact, the fossil-fuel energy you’re not using is the carbon-saving equivalent of planting 120 trees a year, every year your solar power system is humming.

The best way to know exactly how much money solar power can save you is to connect with one of our partners nearby. After you fill out that form, a friendly solar expert we trust will give you a buzz and help you craft a personal plan to get the absolute most out of a solar power system for your home. It's 100% free (yes, that’s right, 100% free) and you aren't obligated to buy anything.

South Dakota Net Metering

None

Grade: None

Net Metering requires your utility to monitor how much energy your solar power system produces and how much energy you actually consume to make sure you get credit for any surplus. South Dakota currently lacks any statewide regulations governing net metering, or (more importantly) ensuring that utilities offer net metering in the first place.

What is net metering? Net metering is the billing arrangement where you can sell excess electricity back to your utility for equal the amount you are charged to consume it. The more customer friendly net metering policies, the higher the grade.

The grade here specifically reflects individual solar system capacity, caps on program capacity limits, restrictions on “rollover” of kWh from one month to the next (yep just like cell phone minutes), metering issues (like charges for new meters), Renewable Energy Credit (REC) ownership, eligible customers and technology (the more renewables the better), being able to aggregate meters across the property for net metering, and safe harbor provisions to protect customers from solar tariff changes.

South Dakota Interconnection Rules

B

Curiously, for a state without standard net metering, South Dakota does have statewide interconnection standards governing how you get tied into the grid. The standards are solid overall, adopting the same 4-tiered system we’ve seen in other states. There is, of course, always room for improvement.

First we’d like to see requirements for a redundant external disconnect switch prohibited. Right now, that decision is left to the utility. We’d also like to see insurance requirements eliminated for residential systems. Currently a tier 1 system (those under 10 kW, which covers most residential systems) requires “proof of adequate homeowners, general liability or commercial liability insurance sufficient to insure against all reasonably foreseeable direct liabilities given the size of the small generator facility.” While that requirement is certainly less onerous than others we’ve seen, we think that any insurance requirement is unnecessarily constraining on small systems given their very low risk of accident or injury.

Interconnection rules are a little technical, but they basically allow you to “plug in” to the electric grid with solar panels on your roof. The more complex, out of date, or nonsensical the state rules are for plugging into the grid, the lower the grade.

Home Solar Power: Leasing Vs. Purchasing

To lease, or not to lease? Willsolar Shakespanels would be proud we're discussing this. Here's the basic deal. If you choose to lease your panels, you benefit from no out of pocket costs and an immediately reduced total electricity payment. Because of this, many regard this option as a no-brainer, since there isn't any downside to think of. The only hiccup you'll start to experience is when you consider the long term financial benefit of owning the solar panel system yourself.

In many situations, if you can afford the outlay or can easily secure financing, the cost of the install becomes an investment with a return outpacing even the strongest performing mutual funds. In addition, there's significantly less principal risk, since the energy credits you will be producing are tied to the sun coming up in the morning instead of our financial markets!

Additionally, if you go the leasing route, you must forfeit all the credits and performance payments you would receive by owning the system yourself to the solar leasing company (after all, that's how they can afford to give you such a no-brainer proposition in the first place).

Despite our reputation for cold weather, we actually get a lot of sun here. As much as most parts of Florida in fact. Unfortunately that tremendous solar power potential is being squandered. The lack of state or utility backed incentives is keeping costs high (compared to solar-friendly states) for homeowners like you to make the switch, and keeping payback time frames slow. The legislature should be harnessing our natural solar resources to help bring down initial costs. That tax credit and the property tax exemption are tremendous, but without any mandatory renewables standards, or any state incentives in place, we’ve gotta give South Dakota a “D” at the moment.

The discussion of residential solar in South Dakota is entirely moot, because there is nowhere in South Dakota to purchase such a system. Nowhere to buy a decent residential wind turbine, either. There just isn’t the demand for them, so there is no one to supply them :(

I disagree with the statement of all going to diesel powered vehicals due to the black smoke emiited from the exhaust pipe, also they stink to high heavens, and the motor running is loud and obnoxious to surrounding motorists with their windows down enjoying the fresh air. I myself have gone to propane which is clean burning,better for your engine, and also 1.50 per gallon cheaper than gasoline. unfortanatly solar is too expensive for a homeowner to use and save $

With college graduation on the horizon and the looming image of mortgage payments continuing to creep nearer, where would be a state, besides California, to consider purchasing a house with solar energy in mind? With the luxury of youth and ability to relocate, what states provide the most bang for your buck? In other words, if I had say $300,000 to purchase a home and also install a PV system where would I be able to get the largest square footage, which is completely run by solar power—off the grid?

News From the Pentagon Clean Fuel Energy From the Sun July 19, 2011
In Hawaii The Department of Defense will start to cover its Military Family Housing with Solar Energy. This will greatly help stop the need for Oil in the Hawaii Islands. This is just the start to the D.O.D. reducing its 4 billion dollar need for Dirty Energy. From now on the D.O.D. will look to Renewable Energy, Clean Energy. The Hawaiian Islands will see the Largest Solar covered homes and housing Roofs in the World 6,000 units. Thanks to William Lynn Deputy Secretary of the Defense and Steven Chu Secretary of Energy and to many others. The D.O.D. has some 300,000 building the day will come when all will be powered by Clean Energy. i can not thank all that made this happen enough.
GOD Bless
United We Stand In GOD We Will Always Trust
Story By
The Lord’s Little Helper
Paul Felix Schott

Sam many of the farms that i fly over in the United States do just that they have their roofs covered with solar and the fields full of Wind Turbines. The United States of America is second in the World in Wind Power only to China. At one time we were first. Just off of State Route 62 in the San Jacinto Mountains is a Large Wind Farm in California. If you do not have a aircraft you would have to hike quite a way to see it. Flying over the State of Minnesota there are 100s of them and if you drive I-90 across the state you will see them everywhere. King Mt. in Texas and the western part of the State there are 2,000 wind turbines.
The Growth of Renewable Energy in the USA is at more then 45% for more then eight years in a row. Solar and wind Farms are growing all over the Planet. Very soon most homes on Earth will have Solar Panels on them as the cost of them drop more. Making Solar Energy the People’s Choice of Clean Energy, and that they can not be taxed for Free Energy From the SUN. In the Pacific Ocean Islands many do have hybrid systems of Wind and Solar.
Solar Energy and Solar Farms are growing at a faster pace then all other forms of Energy on Earth.
South Dakota is a little slow to coming on board to Renewable Energy i do think Lord willing that will change very soon.

Solar Energy is a great source of energy and can really work well with a hybrid system that includes wind. To Ron, I have been working on and around wind turbines for two years now and have yet to see a dead bird lying anywhere.

Ryan,
Solar Energy is the fastest growing Industry in the World and has more then Doubled last year alone. Home owners World Wide are covering there roofs. Solar Energy is not just for Industry or large Corporate Businesses and as you say the rich and extravagant.

Cities and Governments all over Earth are covering there building carports at train stations and work places. The rate of return for Solar Panels is good you do not lose 40% and the Industry Leading Warranty is at 25 Years. Most spend more then that on cars in that time.

Solar Energy is Environmentally Friendly and Very Efficient. Soon Electric Vehicles will outnumber those that need oil to drive down a highway or road. Electric cars and Vehicles will be Recharging from Solar, Wind and Renewable Energy. Happy to say in a very short time the need for black gold OIL will come to a end for most.

Our Homes will get Energy from the Sun and wind and charge Batteries or to be used to split ground water into Hydrogen and Oxygen gases. Then put into tanks in the carport or yard and a Hydrogen Generator will produce energy similar to a gas, oil or diesel generator when needed. Like at Night or when there is no wind or sunlight.

The United States, Germany and China all have for years worked on a Hydrogen Electric Vehicles. Knowing Solar Energy will make them affordable. i have driven them all.

Eloise,
Leaving a place that seams like paradise Hawaii would be a better place to get more out of a Solar Energy Systems. You are closer to the sun in Hawaii, i have a home there and it will soon run totally on Solar Energy. The Roof pitch used to identify the slope or steepness by roofing contractors, architects and other building professionals and the way the roof faces North, South, East or West is going to be the two biggest factors to the output of a Solar Energy Systems. The Slop or Pitch will Determine the snow part. The rest if you call or e mail one of the many Solar Energy Business in the United States i am sure they will be more then happy to help or work with you. Or go to one of the Government sites or Centers like…

My Good Noble friend Bill Young is the Senior Research Engineer for Photovoltaics at FSEC and in my eyes one of the best Solar Energy Scientist in the World truly a blessing to have worked for years with Mr. William Young the Goodwill Ambassador for Solar Energy.

I’m planning to move to South Dakota from Hawai’i, and have purchased a 40-year old refurbished home in Hot Springs. I would like to consider solar panels for it if the cost is not prohibitive, but I’m worried about damage from hailstorms, wind, and snow. Can anyone please comment on those issues?

Assuming the panels can last 30 years in my South Dakota climate. I will spend $54,000 on a $100,000 home which will improve my homes value by 10,000. It could ,but not guaranteed to, save me $20,000 in utilities, but I will have to absorb the cost of over $20,000 over the next 30 years, which doing the math means I will lose 40% of my assets spent on the project. This sounds squanderous. Solar technologies are still being refined, as they have been over the last half century. It has taken the auto industry an entire century to be this refined and people are expecting solar to become this overnight… The only truly viable solar solution at this point in time is for the Energy Industry or large Corporate Businesses to implement solar sources, which they have been for over 2 decades. Since the Energy Industry makes its living off of energy, they ensure their efforts are not wasted while producing a solar project. The same factors cannot always be ensured in a home setting. A newly constructed home would be able to improve such factors more then most existing homes. Solar industry is growing, and more rapidly than before, because it is finally getting close to being efficient. In the very near future solar energy may finally be truly viable to the common consumer, not just the rich and extravagant. Lastly if you want to help reduce greenhouse gases, change to diesel automobiles immediately , a proven efficient reduction while waiting for the electric car, solar, and wind industries to catch up.
Ryan

Small Business Innovation Grants and Department of Transportation: Small Business Innovation Research Program. I will build a Solar Electric Car Plant. To make
( Electric / Solar ) cars. The Plant will have its roof covered with Solar Panels (PV) Powered 30 to 50% of its power will come from the Sun, and 20 to 30 % from the wind. The Plant will make Solar / Electric Cars for anyone and will market it to everyone. We Will sell Solar Panels to cover their roofs of their homes, carports and workplaces to recharge their new Solar / Electric Car. ( All Wheel Drive )
This high quality scientific ( Solar / Elictric Car ) engineered by Rocket Scientist, Electrical Engineers and Automotive Engineers will put Science, Engineering Education and Research of Green Technology to have a high potential economic payoff in New Jobs and Clean Transportation for All. That most will be able to recharge their cars at home or work.

And with a little help from ( UNCLE SAM / The United States Government ) and a prayer All will be able to recharge at all are schools that will start to have Solar Covered Parking for Electric or Solar Cars.
We are not building a car to win awards although it most likely will. Development technologlies will be serious engineered to the Working Class People. To make a significant change in the cost to drive. Costing thousands less. Making this car ( Solar Do Work ) The Most Cost – Efficient to Drive. On Planet Earth.

100% Built In
The United States of America
United We Stand In GOD We Trust.

If you can help I would be Grateful.
come join my team.
It will be amazingly rewarding.
putting Americans back to work.

Did you know South Dakota requires all state buildings to be LEED certified when built new or remodeled? That is a bid step forward. I just got back from Pierre, SD where they are installing 24kW of PV and 6kW of wind on a state building visible from the Capitol Building. I provided a bid for this work. Nebraska could take a lesson from a neighboring state that has less solar potential.

The ‘CONSENSUS’ for your state may be different from another state. How much carbon emissions do solar panels produce to install? Well, it depends on where they are manufactured. Also, do you think the panels that are currently manufactured can withstand a south dakota wind for 20 years?? And how many birds do you want to kill by putting up a wind generator? Or, you could let the farms of South Dakota produce their own form of energy from the same sun.

Certainly, Ron, the consensus is going to differ from state to state. As for the carbon emissions of solar panels (the manufacturing “carbon foot print” a report by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) last year put out a report about solar’s carbon footprint. It adds up to 1 to 4 years, depending on the technology and the local of the manufacturing, as you said. So at worst, 4 years, but keep in mind that solar panels last from 20 to 35 years (warrantied 20 to 25 years, but typically go longer) so solar panels way more than offset their manufacturing carbon foot print.

Solar Energy will be the Energy of the future for homes and to recharge our electric cars and trains. SOLAR ENERGY is the fastest growing marketed goods on the Planet Earth. Freedom from the Power Grid and the Oil CEOs.
The Lord’s Little Helper
Paul Felix Schott