4.
2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
– Density
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•
•
•
As air is compressed, it becomes more dense
Air has less density at high altitude
Air expands as it is heated – occupies more space
Changes in air density affect flight
– Climate is cold, altitude is low = dense air
» Aircraft achieves takeoff speed more quickly
» Takes off with less runway
– High Altitude = low density (airplane flies faster)

5.
2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
– Humidity
• Higher temperature of air – the more water it can
absorb
• Temperature the same – density of air varies with
humidity
• Damp days
– Density is less than it is on dry days
– Airplane requires longer runway for takeoff

6.
2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
– Relative Wind – the direction of the airflow with
respect to the wing

7.
2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
– Angle of Attack – angle between the wing chord
line and the direction of the relative wind

8.
2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
– Airfoils
• Any object designed to obtain a reaction upon itself
from the air through which it passes

9.
2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
– Wing Chord Line
• Distance from the leading edge to the trailing edge
• Represented by a straight line called the chord line

13.
2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
– Airfoil is designed to increase the velocity of the
airflow above the surface – decreases pressure
above the airfoil
– Impact of air on lower surface increases pressure
below
– Pressure differential causes lift

14.
2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
• Weight – the force of gravity
acting downward upon
anything that goes into the
aircraft
– Reduced as fuel is burned
– Reduced as missles and
bombs are released
– Reduced the aircraft will
climb

16.
2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
• Drag – forward deterrent force (caused by the disruption
of the airflow by the wings, fuselage and protruding
objects)
– Increases with
• Airspeed
• AOA (drag increases much more rapidly than lift as AOA
increases)
– Decreases with increased altitude due to decrease in air density

17.
2a. Identify principles of flight with at least 80% accuracy.
• Thrust – the forward force produced by the jet engine
that overcomes the force of drag
– Increased thrust increases airspeed
– Decreased thrust is needed at higher altitude to achieve the
same airspeed due to less air density and drag
– Thrust is decreased, airspeed will decrease