In the group’s Global Corruption Barometer of 2013, Mexico’s
political parties, police, legislature and judiciary were perceived as
the most corrupt, with 91%, 90%, 83% and 80% negative views on
corruption. The report, which is based on a survey of 114,000 people
in 107 countries, offers a warning that the abuse of power, secret
dealings and bribery continue to ravage societies around the world. In
Mexico corruption cases are rarely prosecuted.
A serious drag on Mexico’s development and a significant obstacle to
Mexico achieving a functional democracy, corruption has long been a part
of the country’s political culture. Carlos Hank González, the deceased
founder of the powerful Grupo Atlacamulco, which masterminded
Enrique Peña Nieto’s run for president, once said: “A politician that is
poor is a poor politician.” For many Mexican politicians, his motto
became the Bible.
The following is a list of the 10 Mexicans perceived to be the most
corrupt in 2013. I appreciate the input received from colleagues and
academics during the process of compiling this list. Elba Esther Gordillo Former teacher’s union leader known as La Maestra (the Teacher) was charged in February with embezzling $200 million from union funds to pay for her lavish lifestyle.
She is notorious for her $5,000 Hermes bags and expensive plastic
surgeries in California clinics. Three residences connected to Gordillo
have been identified in California. The main one, where the now jailed
teacher spent most of her time, is a $4.7 million house on a cul-de-sac
in Coronado Cays that features a private dock with a boat and jet ski.Carlos Romero Deschamps is the powerful Pemex workers union leader and one of the most notorious PRI members long suspected of influence-peddling for personal enrichment. Paulina Romero, his daughter, displays on Facebook her travels around the world in private jets –accompanied by her three English bulldogs Keiko, Boli and Morgancita– her
voyages on yachts, dining in first class restaurants and sporting
$12,000 Hermes luxury bags. Her brother drives a $2 million limited
edition red Enzo Ferrari sport car, a gift from their father, whose
trade union monthly salary is $1,864. Romero Deschamps, a federal
senator, is reported to have a “cottage” in Cancun with a value close to
$1.5 million. According to political analyst Denise Dresser,
in 2011 he received $21.6 million for “aid to the union executive
committee” and $15.3 million from union dues. My “hands are clean,”
Romero Deschamps claims. The Peña Nieto administration seems to agree.
He is not under investigation.

Raúl Salinas de Gortari is largely responsible for destroying his brother Carlos Salinas de Gortari’s presidential legacy by becoming a symbol of corruption
and impunity. Raúl spent ten years in jail convicted of a high-profile
political homicide, but was acquitted in 2005. In July, a Mexican judge exonerated him
on the final charge pending against him of “unlawful enrichment” and
ordered $19 million dollars deposited in twelve bank accounts and 41
properties be returned to him. The decision outraged Mexicans. It was perceived as one more proof of abuse of power by Mexican elites.Genaro García Luna was the powerful Secretary of Public Security
(SSP) under the Calderón Administration. With the biggest budget
assigned to his department and a blank check from Calderón, García Luna
was the most feared cabinet member. His tenure was marked by an excess
of spending for self-promotion and abuse of power scandals exposed by the Mexican press. In her book Narcoland: The Mexican Drug Lords and their Godfathers, award-winning journalist Anabel Hernandez links García Luna with the country’s top drug capos, including Joaquín “El Chapo” Guzman, leader of the Sinaloa Cartel. García Luna allegedly threatened to have Hernandez killed.
In 2012, convicted drug kingpin Edgar “La Barbie” Valdez Villareal
claimed that García Luna had been on the payroll of drug trafficking
groups for ten years. The Peña Nieto Administration dissolved the SSP. García Luna has not been seen since he left office in 2012. He is believed to be living in Miami but reporters have not been able to find him. There is no known investigation against him in Mexico or the U.S.Andrés Granier, former PRI governor of Tabasco, was arrested
by Mexican federal law-enforcement in June on charges of corruption,
embezzlement, tax evasion and money laundering. In a taped conversation
leaked to the media, Granier bragged about owning 400 pairs of shoes,
300 suits and 1,000 shirts, bought from luxury stores in New York and
Los Angeles. His yearly salary as governor was $92,000. His successor
discovered that $190 million was missing from state coffers. He was also
indicted by the Tabasco authorities. He denies any wrongdoing.Tomás Yarrington isa former PRI governor of Tamaulipas. He was indicted in early December on
racketeering and money laundering charges in Texas. Yarrington
allegedly took large bribes from major drug trafficking groups in
Tamaulipas, including the Gulf Cartel, in return for letting them
operate freely during his administration (1999-2004). Yarrington’s
lawyers say that the charges are based on false accusations by people
trying to bargain with U.S. prosecutors. The U.S. has not asked Mexico
for his arrest and extradition. His whereabouts are unknown.Humberto Moreira is theformer PRI governor of Coahuila
state. During his administration (2005-2011), the debt of the state
increased more than a hundred-fold, from around $200 million to $35
billion, creating the state’s worst financial crisis in history. The
debt scandal forced Moreira’s resignation. Jorge Torres López, who took
over as an interim governor, was charged with
conspiracy to launder money and other financial crimes in Texas in
November. Moreira has not been charged. He is living with his family in
an upscale neighborhood in Barcelona, Spain, while earning a masters
degree.Fidel Herrera, former PRI governor of Veracruz. Under his
administration (2004-2010) the Zeta cartel’s criminal activities
thrived. Allegations about his connections to the Zetas emerged during a trial
in April in Texas. An FBI agent testified that Francisco Colorado
Cessa, a contractor for Mexico’s state oil company Pemex, acted as an
intermediary between Herrera and a founding member of the Zetas.
Colorado Cessa was convicted. Herrera allegedly was bribed into allowing
the Zetas to operate freely. Herrera has denied the allegations and is
not under investigation in Mexico. There are unconfirmed reports that he
may be sent as ambassador to Greece.Arturo Montiel, former Mexico state PRI governor, uncle of Peña Nieto and member of the Grupo Atlacamulco, is accused by French citizen Maudi Versini, his former wife, of kidnapping their three children. Versini, who has custody over the children, claims that justice has been manipulated by
her ex-husband to prevent her from seeing them. Montiel dropped out of
the 2005 presidential race following allegations of millionaire mansions
and bank transactions in Mexico and France. He is not under
investigation.Alejandra Sota, former President Calderon’s spokesperson, is being investigated by Mexican authorities
for alleged embezzlement and trafficking of influence. She is suspected
of favoring friends and former classmates with government contracts
during the time she served as a top government official. She is
currently attending graduate school at Harvard’s Kennedy School even
though she has no college degree.
Twitter: @DoliaEstevezEDITOR’S NOTE: This post refers to Mexico’s ranking on
Transparency International’s Global Corruption Barometer, issued in
July. It does not refer to Mexico’s ranking on Transparency
International’s 2013 Corruptions Perceptions Index, released in early December, in which Venezuela was ranked as Latin America’s most corrupt country.