M&M Engineering, HSB, and industry team experience was leveraged to establish what attributes are both important and necessary for a unit to achieve a longer time period between major outages and corresponding lower risk levels. These attributes were converted into risk modifying factors to facilitate the viewing of turbine and generator risks on a holistic basis. These attributes include:

Design and construction

Operation

Maintenance

Monitoring

Condition at past outages

Steam Chemistry

The analyses of units of various makes and models were used to calibrate these factors. The resulting models and associated risk levels were then verified by comparison with similar units that have run longer intervals. The reliability and risk factors were developed from these attributes by drawing on the skills and experience of leaders in industry, M&M Engineering Associates’ failure analysis and risk assessment experience, and HSB’s decades of experience as an insurer of these machines.

STRAP is the culmination of this synergy of experience and data. The program consists of algorithms that calculate risk (risk = probability of failure x consequence) for the steam turbine generator from the probabilities of failures, failure consequences, and engineering modifying factors included in the programs. These factors are applied to data acquired from questions that are answered for the specific turbine or generator. These questions include information regarding operations and maintenance, construction and design, monitoring, steam chemistry, upgrades and spares, etc. STRAP then calculates the risk of that specific unit.

Analyses have been completed for over 330 steam turbines and 120 generators. These results reflect 21 turbine OEM’s and 12 generator OEM’s. The units ranged in size from 600 HP to 890 MW with operating hours ranging from 8,000 to 340,000, and new to 62 years of operation. The turbines had 471 historical failures (failure is an event that caused lost production).

A STRAP evaluation can provide:

Risk mitigation recommendations

Risk Ranking and Benchmarking of equipment against industry and other company equipment