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02 October 2015

No Official Lethal Dose for Cannabis

While use and abuse of prescription and 'recreational drugs' causes thousands of overdoses and deaths each year across the planet, and socially acceptable alcohol creates massive health risks and complete carnage on the roads, nobody has EVER died from a Cannabis overdose. Yet one of the most ambiguous and frequently lobbed criticisms of Cannabis is that it is somehow 'dangerous'. A study published in 2009, The Toxicity of Recreational Drugs, provided some interesting numbers, revealing that using only 10 times the 'effective' dose of alcohol can be fatal. However, in the case of Cannabis, 1,000 times the 'effective' dose is calculated as necessary to achieve a 'fatal' dose (a ratio 100 times greater than that of alcohol). One of the most common methods by which the 'danger' inherent in a particular drug (Cannabis sativa L., is an annual herbaceous plant, i.e., a herb) is objectively measured within the medical community is the rate at which it kills those who consume it. This is measured by the LD-50 rating which indicates the dose necessary to kill 50% of test animals “as a result of drug-induced toxicity”.

Ranking psychoactive substances by their ratios of lethal dose to effective dosegives a general picture of how likely each is to precipitate an acute fatal reaction.By this measure, many illicit drugs are considerably safer than alcohol.

Over twenty-five years ago, in a 1988 ruling, the United States Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Administrative Law Judge Francis L. Young detailed the amount of Cannabis purportedly necessary to achieve a level of toxicity that might cause death in humans:

“At present it is estimated that marijuana*’s LD-50 is around 1:20,000 or 1:40,000. In layman terms this means that in order to induce death a Cannabis smoker would have to consume 20,000 to 40,000 times as much Cannabis as is contained in one Cannabis cigarette. A smoker would theoretically have to consume nearly 1,500 pounds of Cannabis within about 15 minutes to induce a lethal response”.

“Because cannabinoid receptors, unlike opioid receptors, are not located in the brainstem areas controlling respiration, lethal overdoses from Cannabis and cannabinoids do not occur”.

More research has indicated additional reasons why humans don’t die from Cannabis poisoning. In 2014, the journal Science published results from French researchers in a study, Pregnenolone Can Protect the Brain from Cannabis Intoxication, which documented the discovery and presence of a natural hormone that reverses Cannabis intoxication - in rats, at least. According to the researchers:

“When the [rat] brain is stimulated by high doses of THC, it produces pregnenolone - a 3,000% increase - that inhibits the effects of THC.”

Regardless of a reader’s stance on medical or recreational cannabis, a firm grasp of the facts is necessary to overcome an abundance of misinformation - particularly from mainstream media and those with a vested interest in keeping Cannabis illegal (researchers and government/s reliant on 'donations' from pharmaceutical companies, for example). Harking back to the words of Judge Young:

“Marijuana*, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man.”

*Cannabis sativa L., is the correct botanical term, marijuana* is slang, derogatory and used erroneously across North America