Borrowers may have missed an opportunity to get the last of the low rates last week, as it now appears interest rates are moving decidedly higher.

Mortgage application volume fell 2.7 percent for the week, seasonally adjusted, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. Volume was 4.5 percent lower compared to the same week one year ago.

The weakness was most pronounced in applications to refinance a home loan. That volume fell 4 percent, seasonally adjusted, to its lowest level since August 2008. Refinance volume is off nearly 17 percent compared to a year ago, when interest rates were lower. Most borrowers today have little incentive to refinance after a boom a few years ago, when interest rates hit record lows. Rates fell slightly last week, but that was temporary.

Interest rates then moved to a 7-year high on Tuesday of this week, after a major sell-off in the bond market. Mortgage rates loosely follow the yield on the ten-year Treasury. The sell-off came after a stronger-than-expected retail sales report, but the real momentum began when interest rates broke through a recent high, resulting in one of the heaviest selling days of the year to date.

Mortgage applications to purchase a home, which are less rate-sensitive week-to-week, also fell, down 2 percent for the week. Volume was just 4 percent higher than one year ago. Volume should be considerably higher, given the strong demand for housing in an improving economy, but low supply and high competition is holding buyers back. Cash is currently ruling the market, as more investors come back, looking to cash in on fast-rising prices.

Buyers struggling to afford today’s steep prices are increasingly turning to adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), because they offer lower rates, but unfortunately those rates are rising now as well.

“Jumbo and 5/1 ARM rates increased, with the 5/1 ARM rate increasing to its highest in our survey at 4.09 percent,” said Joel Kan, an MBA economist.

Higher interest rates usually slow growth in home prices, but supply and demand are so out of whack right now, that usual trends may not apply. With so many investors competing in cash, prices could continue to rise strongly, leaving fewer and fewer regular buyers able to become homeowners.