the person who supervises your driving be at least age 21 and have a license valid for the vehicle you are driving

the vehicle being driven have dual controls (dual brakes)

the only passenger in the front seat be your supervising driver

there be no more than one passenger under age 21 unless the passengers are members of your immediate family. You can have more than one passenger under age 21 only if your supervising driver is your licensed parent, guardian, person in a position of "in loco parentis," driver education teacher or driving school instructor

every passenger wear a seat belt, one seat belt per person

all children under age four ride in federally-approved child safety seat

if the child is more than 40 pounds in weight, they must use a proper child restraint system such as a booster seat

until their 8th birthday, children must use a proper child restraint system

children more than four feet nine inches tall are allowed to use a seat belt and shoulder harness

NIGHTTIME DRIVING (9 PM to 5 AM)

If you have a junior learner permit, you cannot drive in any of the five boroughs in New York City between the hours of 9 PM and 5 AM under any circumstances.

What are the penalties for conviction of a traffic violation as a junior driver?

Your junior permit, license, or privileges will be suspended for 60 days if you are convicted of one serious traffic violation or two other violations that were committed while you held a junior permit or license.

Your junior permit, license, or privileges will be revoked for 60 days if you are convicted of one serious traffic violation or two other violations within the first six months after your permit, license or privileges are restored after a suspension or revocation.

What are the penalties for conviction of cell phone use or texting as a junior driver?

If you have a Class DJ or MJ driver license or learner permit, the first conviction of a cell phone use or texting violation will result in a suspension of your driver license or permit for 60 days. (For texting/cell phone violations committed between July 1, 2013 and October 31, 2014)

A second conviction within six months will result in

a revocation of at least 6 months of a probationary license, or

a revocation of at least 60 days for a Class DJ or MJ driver license or learner permit

Effective November 1, 2014, the first conviction of a cell phone use or texting violation will result in a suspension of the driver license or permit for 120 days.

A second conviction within six months of the restoration of the license or permit (after the 120 day suspension is terminated) will result in

a revocation of at least one year of a probationary license, or

a revocation of at least one year for a Class DJ or MJ driver license or learner permit

1. "guardian" means a person who has, on a regular and extended basis, assumed the character of your parent and is discharging parental duties as the result of the death, disability, or absence of your natural parent.

2. "in loco parentis" means a person who has, on a regular and extended basis, assumed the character of your parent and is discharging parental duties as a result of the death, disability, or absence of your natural parent.