Did you know…

As we make our way through the season, decking the halls within an inch of their lives and singing along with 24/7 Christmas radio stations, it’s interesting to look back and see how the holidays were celebrated at the turn of the century. We’ve looked through several issues of the Arizona Republican newspaper (now the Arizona Republic) to get a better idea of how the people who lived in the Rosson House experienced the holidays. Here’s what we found:

Like us, Victorian Phoenicians liked to exchange presents. Ads for gifts generally appeared in the newspaper around the beginning of December. Stores like The Irvine Co. at 35 E. Washington St. promoted Christmas cards (which were considered gifts), toys, dolls, games, books, photo albums, cactus ware, fountain pens and novelties. Clothing, linens and handkerchiefs were also favored gifts, as were bicycles and jewelry. Food was often exchanged as well, and candies, oranges, apples and nuts were added to children’s stockings. In 1895, City Marshal Gus Clark gave his deputies a “handsome diamond pin and…a diamond scarf pin as a reward for efficient and faithful services”.

Families spent time together during the holidays, with relatives from the colder areas of the country joining their family (and enjoying the weather) in Phoenix. Sound familiar? They had a lot to occupy their time once here, from special programs at churches and schools on Christmas Eve to picnics on Christmas Day. They even had a few football and baseball games to watch, including the “Gridiron Gladiators” teams from Prescott, Phoenix, and the Phoenix Indian School playing on Christmas Day, and the Phoenix Baseball Association playing a five day tournament with a club from Los Angeles the week after Christmas. And if that wasn’t enough sports for them, they could take a trip down to Tucson for the annual Tucson Cycle Races, which also included a carnival and ball.

Fresh greenery (including evergreens, palm leaves, mistletoe, holly, and pepper branches), red roses and carnations were used to decorate everything from homes to churches to country clubs. Christmas trees were decorated with small gifts, home made and purchased ornaments, and with candles or electric lights. Early Phoenix settlers even decorated a deciduous tree on the corner of Center and Washington Streets with joke gifts – individuals would stop by, find their nametag, and take their gift. The funniest was said to be the overlarge pair of scissors gifted to the editor of the newspaper.

Donations were made to charities at Christmas, so that everyone could enjoy the holidays. The Salvation Army took donations of food from local grocery stores, bakeries, butchers, and restaurants for the poor. Even the residents at the Arizona Insane Asylum got to celebrate the holidays – they enjoyed a Christmas tree; seasonal music (they had their own orchestra!); gifts of handkerchiefs, nuts, candies, apples and oranges; and later they ate a turkey and duck for dinner.

You can’t celebrate the holidays without food, and turn of the century Phoenicians weren’t ones to shy from that kind of party! Christmas dinners were special, and so, were more extravagant. If they could afford to, people would go to a restaurant for their holiday meal. The Hotel Adams, the Ford Hotel, Hotel Hardwick, and the Opera House Café all listed their menus in the December 25, 1896 edition of the newspaper. The menus listed anywhere from six to eight different courses, and include caviar, oysters, consommé, green turtle soup, lobster bisque, olives, halibut, roasts, turkey, venison, quail, duck, potatoes, asparagus, cauliflower, peas, tomatoes, waffles, puddings, sweetbreads, pies, ice cream, lady fingers, macaroons, fruit, walnuts, almonds, candied raisins, cheese, crackers, and coffee. The courses were small, but that is still a lot of food!

A suggested menu for Christmas dinner, from the 1896 Fanny Farmer Cookbook.

You can find out more about Victorian holidays here, and about how they lit their Christmas trees here. Smithsonian Magazine has a great article about the history of the Christmas card here – it’s just what you need to procrastinate filling out your own holiday cards!

Whether you’re a procrastinator or not (and we definitely are) – have a happy and healthy holiday, and we hope to see you soon at the Square!

Information about historic Christmas in Phoenix from the Library of Congress Chronicling America digital archives; Arizona Republican; December 23-28, 1891-1896.

Our Exhibits & Events

You are Here: Mapping Early Phoenix – Visit us this month for an in depth look at what Phoenix looked like a hundred years ago, and how it has changed over time. You are Here is a free exhibit located in the Stevens-Haustgen Bungalow Heritag Gallery. It is displayed in partnership with the Maricopa Country Recorders Office, and with help from a grant from APS.

Celebrate the Holidays – Visit the Rosson House from mid November through the beginning of January, while it’s all decked for the holidays, from lights on the historic buildings at the Square to Christmas trees and Hanukkah décor in the House itself. This year’s theme is Handcrafted, and is sponsored by the Arizona Mining Association. Holidays Teas are also planned, with a tour of the Rosson House décor followed by a delicious tea at The Bungalow. We look forward to seeing you there!