The Mauser–Vergueiro was a bolt-action rifle, designed
in 1904 by José Alberto Vergueiro, an infantry officer of the Portuguese
Army, and manufactured by Deutsche Waffen und Munitionsfabriken (DWM).
It was developed from the Mauser 98 rifle with the introduction of a
new bolt system derived from the Gewehr 1888 and Mannlicher–Schönauer.
Outside Portugal, the weapon was also known as the Portuguese Mauser.
It used the 6.5×58mm Vergueiro, a cartridge developed specially
for it.

The weapon replaced the Kropatschek m/1886 as the standard
infantry rifle of the Portuguese Army in 1904, remaining in service until
it was
replaced by the Mauser 98k in 1939. In Portuguese service the weapon was
officially designated Espingarda 6,5 mm m/1904 ("Rifle 6.5mm m/1904").
A lighter and shorter version of the weapon was classified as a carbine
and designated Carabina 6,5 mm m/1904 ("Carbine 6.5mm m/1904").
A total of 100,000 rifles were produced for Portugal.

An additional 5,000 Mauser–Vergueiro rifles, chambered
in 7×57mm Mauser, were produced in 1906 for Brazil's Federal Police,
using leftover components from the Portuguese order and issued in the
cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. In 1915, 25,000 of Portugal's
Mauser–Vergueiro rifles were sold to South Africa, which had insufficient
Lee–Enfield SMLE rifles to supply all of its troops.

In Portuguese and South African service it was used in
combat in the First World War and in several colonial campaigns. The German
colonial troops in East Africa also used Mauser–Vergueiro rifles,
captured from the allied forces in combat. The Portuguese Expeditionary
Corps on the Western Front used British weapons and equipment for logistical
reasons, and so did not use the Vergueiro. Although Portugal was neutral
in World War II, in 1942 Portuguese forces briefly fought against the
Japanese occupation of Portuguese Timor using Mauser–Vergueiro rifles.