Delocalized and localized molecular orbitals

... diagram, showing all of the sigma and sigma- star MOs There are no pi and pi- star MOs in ethane There are now seven sigma bonds (six C-H and one C-C) and zero pi bonds The important HOMO / LUMO orbitals ... second and third bonds are overlapping 2p orbitals, above and below and in front and in back Since the C-H bonds are single bonds, we know that they are sigma bonds too, using hybrid orbitals This ... fill into our molecular orbital diagram and that would force us to fill in the bonding sigma MO and the anti-bonding sigma- star MO What we gain in the bonding sigma MO, we lose in the anti-bonding...

... Htt-interacting protein HIP -1 and its molecular partner HIPPI in the regulation of apoptosis and transcription, the two processes that are altered in HD [7,8] HIP -1 – its interacting partners and ... Conclusions HIP -1 and its interacting partner HIPPI together induce apoptosis by the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways Homer 1c, an interactor of HIPPI, and the wild-type N-terminal Htt, which interacts ... apoptosis induction The effect of HIP -1 may depend not only on the amount of the interacting proteins but also on the afﬁnities of interacting proteins The uncreased expression of caspase -1 observed in...

... Interpret the Metamorphosis of Plants In Natural Philosophy, The Mind and the Eye, and many of her other writings, the inﬂuence of Goethe is clear In her last book, The Manifold and the One (1957), ... Natural Philosophy and The Mind and the Eye, she emphasizes the importance of the visual and of observation But like Goethe, she sees that as only the beginning Though she doesn’t use the term “delicate ... argue that Goethe s archetypes are mental constructs, they are loathe to admit the same for the structures they create Both are the result of the processing of data by the mind, both are therefore...

... glucose and two aldehydes (MG and GA) in inducing lipid and protein oxidation and antioxidant depletion of LDL particles as well as glycation of the apoB protein by measuring speciﬁc parameters of ... course, and extent of the covalent and oxidative changes that occur on LDL particles exposed to glucose, GA, and MG have been quantiﬁed in order to determine the signiﬁcance of glycation and glycoxidation ... accumulation of this oxidation product is unaffected by the level of hyperglycaemia The absence of any effect of glucose on Cu2+-stimulated oxidation is, however, in Ó FEBS 2003 Glycation and glycoxidation...

... response of WT, as indicated by the upregulation of six transcripts encoding calmodulins and calmodulin binding proteins, accompanied by an induction of calcium dependent protein kinase and the ... NO signaling Calcium signaling is linked to NO signaling pathways [52,53] and possibly directly involved in the regulation of hemoglobin expression [54] NO induces a rapid increase in calcium ... non-symbiotic hemoglobin AtHb1: beneficial effects and underlying molecular networks in Arabidopsis thaliana BMC Plant Biology 2011 11:48 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full...

... 10.1186/1471-2229-10-54 Cite this article as: Allender and King, Origins of the amphiploid species Brassica napus L investigated by chloroplast and nuclear molecular markers BMC Plant Biology 2010, 10:54 ... polyphyletic origins of the species We carried out a detailed sampling of the genepools of the potential A and C genome donor species by surveying a total of 367 accessions representing 15 species ... replicates of the same B nigra sample to assess the robustness of the data The diversity of B rapa and B napus was assessed using Nei's measure of gene diversity H [14]) based on the frequencies of the...

... origin and molecular features of the novel human Tlymphotropic virus type revealed by complete genome analysis J Virol 2006, 80:7427-7438 Lemey P, Pybus OG, Van Dooren S, Vandamme A-M: A Bayesian ... despite the identification of other novel STLVs in this region [9,10,22] Nonetheless, the inability to find "STLV- 4" may be due to sampling and screening biases in the selection of NHP species and the ... HTLV-1 and HTLV-3 [27] The absence of PDZ suggests that the HTLV-4 Tax may be more phenotypically similar to the HTLV-2 than the HTLV-1 Tax Furthermore, the high amino acid identity of the Tax4 and...

... therapeutics for prostate cancer candidate predictor of efficacy in both prostate and breast cancer Finally, the observed sensitivity to dasatinib of prostate cancer cell lines with expression of basal ... targets, including Abl, c-kit and PDGFR kinases, showed minimal efficacy in early clinical testing with a small number of patients [19,20] Identification of these preclinical candidate markers and ... may be a result of the heterogeneity of prostate tumors and the difficulty in obtaining biopsies from prostate cancer patients It remains to be determined whether the molecular subtypes of prostate...

... the human chemokine superfamily, arranged by the receptors they bind to Chemokines are represented by only their ligand number, and the receptor name also indicates whether each ligand is a CC ... eventually help us understand the evolutionary history of the chemokine superfamily and may even allow us to identify a ‘primordial’ chemokine gene It should be interesting to identify what the ... follows: the cluster chemokines and their receptors multiplied from their ancestral genes by a series of tandem gene-duplication events that occurred relatively recently in evolutionary terms, that...

... DETECTION OF BIOLOGICALLY RELEVANT ANIONS BY FLUORESCENCE AND NIR MOLECULAR PROBES QUEK YI LING (B Sc.(Hons.), National University of Singapore) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF ... Results and discussion .140 6.3.1 Synthesis of complexes and 140 6.3.2 Spectroscopic characterization of complexes and .142 6.3.3 Comparison of NIR band shift for [Fe2]4+, 1, and ... convenient way for the detection of the HS− generation rate of a H2S donor of medical importance The addition of π-acceptor ligands such as cyanide and isocyanide ligands to the NIR active isovalent...