Portions of the CNS-030/CNS-1610 software include software developed by theUniversity of California, Berkeley

and its contributors. This code is copyright 1988,1990 by the Regents of the University of California. All Rights Reserved.

Connection Station is a registered trademark of Central Data Corporation. UNIX is aregistered trademark of The Open Group in theUSA and other countries. All othertrademarks are the property of their respective owners.

CNS-030 software supplied with the CNS-1610Terminal Server, and contains all the information you need to set up use aConnection Station®

that is running this software to attach terminals,printers, and modems to a network. It describes how to install the packageso a Connection Station will download its executable CNS-030 softwareimage and configuration files from either a TCP/IP-based computer or fromthe optional floppy drive that can be installed in the unit.

The CNS-1610 includes all of the capability of the CNS-010 software thatis supplied with the CNS-1600 LAN-Attached Multiport product. The CNS-010 package is described in another document, theCNS-010 LAN-AttachedMultiport Software for the CNS-1600 Installation and User’s Guide, ordernumber 60-0256-01.

The terms “CNS-030” and “CNS-1610” are used interchangeably todescribe the software covered by this manual. Likewise, the terms “CNS-010” and “CNS-1600” are used interchangeably to describe the ConnectionStation software which only supports theLAN-Attached Multiport features.

The hardware for both versions of the Connection Station is described in theCNS-1600 and CNS-1610 Hardware Installation and User’s Guide, ordernumber 60-0500-01. That manual also includes information on makingphysical connections to the network and various devices attached to theConnection Station, as well as details on the standalone diagnostics andsimple command interpreter (BIOS) which are included in the hardware.

The CNS-1610 requires its executable software image and configuration fileto be downloaded when it is powered on. These files are downloaded by theresident BIOS on the Connection Station, and can come from two sources:an optional built-in floppy drive or a server on the network. This downloadprocess is referred to as a “boot.”

If you boot from the floppy drive, installing the software requires thechange of some CNS-1610 parameters through the BIOS commandinterpreter, using an attached ASCII terminal. After that, putting a copy ofthe CNS-030

DOS format diskette into the floppy drive and plugging in theConnection Station will allow it to boot.

If you boot from a network server using the BOOTP/TFTP protocol, youtypically install the software using one of the installation scripts provided,and

then edit BOOTP and TFTP configuration files on the host server toprovide various parameters to the Connection Station and to point to thedownload image on the host server.

All software installation information is provided in Chapter 2 of thismanual.

Installing Terminals, Printers, and Modems

Both serial devices that operate using the default line parameters of 9600baud with 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity, and software flow control, orparallel printers can be attached and used immediately with noadditionalconfiguration. To vary the line parameters on a serial port, you add anstty

line to the configuration file similar to the line you would type on a UNIXhost. A wide choice of data rates, parity, flow control, and other parametersis then available.

The CNS-1610 allows any user on the TCP/IP network to accessConnection Station printers and modems from a host computer. You canChapter 1: Overview

3

configure the Connection Station to make both serial and parallel printers,as well as modems, available as network devices to hosts using thetelnet

protocol. To use this feature, you associate Connection Station ports orgroups of ports with a configurable TCP port number, then use thetelnet

command on another computer to attach to the Connection Station using theport you selected. This feature is referred to as “reversetelnet.”

Information on the configuration of ports for use with terminals, printers,and modems can be found in Chapters 3, 7, and 8.

The Command Shell

In the default configuration, a terminal user will initially be connected to thecommand shell, a simple UNIX-like command interpreter that providesaccess to communication commands such astelnet

andrlogin. It alsoprovides access to a set of utility commands likestty

that configure andcontrol the interface. These commands are used very much like commandsof the same name on the UNIX operating system, and are described inChapter 4.

telnet and rlogin Connections

The CNS-1610 provides the ability for terminal users to log into

any systemon the attached TCP/IP network that supportstelnet

orrlogin

services.These commands provide a full set of communication capabilities, andusing them is described in Chapter 5.

Multiple Sessions

The CNS-1610 recognizes “hot key” sequences that permit you to rapidlyswitch between multipletelnet

orrlogin

sessions as well as back to theCNS-1610 command shell. You can also terminate sessions using the hotkeys. If your terminal supports multiple screen pages, your screen will beautomaticallyupdated to display the screen associated with a session whenyou switch to it.

To use hot keys, you must specify the hot keys you want to use either usinga default set based on your terminal type or by explicitly listing the hot keysyou want to use. Thehot keys default to the character sequences issued bythe Shift function keys (Shift-F1, Shift-F2, etc.) for your terminal.

Multiple session capability is described in Chapter 6.

Security

Multiple levels of security can be configured into the Connection Station.The basic security level associates a password with a particular user name.4

Chapter 1: Overview

A list of users is maintained in non-volatile storage on the ConnectionStation or on a UNIX host running the password server software providedwiththe unit. The CNS-1610 also includes audit

trails that allow logging ofuser and administrative activity.

Security features of the CNS-1610 are detailed in Chapter 9.

Internetworking with SLIP and PPP

You can interconnect two networks or host computers through theConnection Station using the SLIP or PPP serial protocols to route IPpackets. After configuring the Connection Station port, you simply connectthe Connection Station to a SLIP or PPP server on the other network using astandard serial line or modem. This capability is particularly useful formodem access for home PCs and portable computers. See Chapter 10 formore information concerning this.

Network Management with SNMP

The CNS-1610 fully supports the SNMP standard for network management.You can query and control the Connection Station from any managementstation that supports SNMP. Industry standard MIB-II as well as RFCcompliant RS-232, parallel, and character MIBs are supported. Chapter 10provides further information on the SNMP capabilities of the ConnectionStation.

High Availability

The CNS-1610 has both 10Base-T and AUI Ethernet connections. Whileboth connections cannot be used at the same time, they can both beconnected. In this mode, the CNS-1610 will periodicallyping

a selectedhost to verify the connection. If thatping

fails, the software willautomatically switch interfaces. Details on this capability are found inChapter 12.

Customizing the Environment

Many aspects of the CNS-1610 operation can be specified using theconfiguration file. Examples of these include the ability to pre-configure aparticular user name to be associated with each port and the ability to pre-configure ports or individual sessions on a port to run a particularconnection without using the command shell. This provides the ability toconfigure the unit for less technical users and to restrict their access to otherfacilities of the Connection Station or to other hosts computers on the localarea network. Information on configuration file customization are inChapter 13.

Chapter 1: Overview

5

Troubleshooting

The CNS-1610 provides a variety of tools to help you if things do not workthe way you expect. Aping

command is available to test the accessibility ofotherTCP/IP devices on the network. You can display and manage a varietyof the internal tables including the ARP table and the routing table.Statistics are available for internal functions such as memory utilization.Finally, a memory dump facility exists tohelp Central Data assist you in theevent of difficult problems. Troubleshooting information is located inChapter 14.

Requirements

In order to use the CNS-1610, you must have the Connection Stationinstalled using procedures listed in theCNS-1600 and CNS-1610 HardwareInstallation and User's Guide.

You can download the CNS-030 software from a host computer thatsupports the BOOTP and TFTP protocols or from the optional ConnectionStationfloppy disk drive (order number 60-0280-01).

The Connection Station normally uses an Ethernet port to communicatewith other TCP/IP devices. You may use either a 10Base-T or AUIconnection to the Ethernet. If you have the optional floppy drive to load thesoftware initially, you can also use SLIP or PPP to communicate to theCNS-1610 over a serial line without using the Ethernet.

Upgrade Requirements

In order to use the CNS-030 software on a CNS-1600, there are three thingsthat must be done first. These are:

1. Memory must be at least 2 megabytes

2. Your BIOS must be version 5.12 or higher

3. You must have a security key

If your CNS-1600 does not already have at least 2 megabytes

of memory,you must purchase a memory upgrade option (order number 60-0272-01)and install it using the procedures listed inCNS-1600 and CNS-1610Hardware Installation and User's Guide.

Your BIOS should be at least V5.12or higher. If your BIOS is not at thislevel, you should upgrade it. A field-installable BIOS upgrade (ordernumber 60-0329-01) may be obtained from Central Data if needed.

The CNS-030 software requires that you place a security key in theconfiguration file. The security key can be obtained by contacting CentralData if you have already purchased the CNS-030 Software Package (order6

Chapter 1: Overview

number 60-0328-01) to run on the CNS-1600 that you wish to upgrade. Youwill need a separate key for each Connection Station, and will be requestedto give that Connection Station’s serial number, as well as have proof ofpurchase of the CNS-030 Software Package in order to get the key.

If you have not purchased the CNS-030Software Package, or wish toupgrade a CNS-1600 which was running the CNS-010 Software package,please contact Central Data for more information.

Contents of the Package

Your CNS-1610 includes:



C乓-1610 捯mmun楣慴楯ns serv敲



The CNS-1600/CNS-1610 hardware manual



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for 啮楴敤 却慴敳 out汥瑳



A 䑂-25 瑥tm楮慬a慤慰瑥t (ord敲 numb敲 60-ㄱ㘷-〱0



A 䑂-25 modem 慤慰瑥t (ord敲 numb敲 60-ㄱ㘶-〱0



A 12-foo琠t瑨敲n整e10B慳a-T 捡b汥



Th攠softw慲攠on two 3.5" f汯ppy d楳k整瑥s



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

Produ捴cr敧楳瑲慴楯n 捡rd

Contacting Central Data

If you have a question about the Connection Station or its software that isnot answered in either in this manual or on the product summary label onthe bottom of the unit, contact the company you purchased it from orCentral Data technical support. You can contact Central Data by any of thefollowing methods:

Phone:1.217.359.8010

Toll Free (U.S.):1.800.482.0315

FAX:1.217.359.6904

email:support@cd.com

WWW:http://www.cd.com/

ftp: ftp.cd.com

Always contact us to request anRMA number

before sending anythingback. Please have the model and serial numbers for the product ready beforeyou call. Pack the unit carefully before shipment to the following address:

Central Data

RMA #_____________

1602 Newton Drive

Champaign, IL 61821-1098Chapter 2: Installation

7

2. Installation

This chapter describes how to begin using the CNS-1610 with its CNS-030software. In order to use the CNS-1610, you must:

You may eventually want to customize the default configuration file thatcomes with theunit, but this is not required to begin it. The configurationfile

is an ASCII file, distinct from the executable software image, whichcontains additional configuration information for the unit. Modifying theconfiguration file is required to use the ports in configurations other thanthe default, to activate the security features, or to initiate more specializedfunctions such as PPP connections or reverse telnet.

The remainder of this chapter describes in more detail

how to begin usingyour CNS-1610. Instructions on setting up the configuration file to activatemore specialized functions are provided in later chapters.

Setting the TCP/IP Parameters

Regardless of whether the unit is booting from floppy or over the network,you will need to set certain key TCP/IP parameters before you can use yourCNS-1610. The IP address is the only parameter that absolutely must bedefined. Additional parameters which may need to be set include:



瑨攠n整work mask for your n整work if you 慲攠us楮g subn整eing



瑨攠IP 慤dr敳e of 愠d敦慵汴⁧慴eway rou瑥t



th攠IP 慤dr敳e of 愠dom慩a nam攠s敲v敲 for your n整work



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Consu汴⁴h攠g汯ss慲y 楦 you 慲e unfam楬楡i w楴h th敳攠瑥tms.

8

Chapter 2: Installation

These parameters are set in one of three places:

1.

In the BIOS non-volatile RAM (NVRAM) of your Connection Station,through the BIOS command interpreter, using an attached ASCIIterminal.

2.

In the/etc/bootptab

file of a network server that is configured toprovide the

parameters to the CNS-1610 using BOOTP. This methodallows for the centralization of the TCP/IP parameters in the/etc/bootptab

file, and allows the NVRAM of the Connection Stationto be left untouched.

3.

In the configuration file for the unit, whether loaded from its floppydisk or over the network.

Parameters set in the configuration file will override any set in the host/etc/bootptab

file, which in turn will override any set in the NVRAM.

The following is a list ofthe various download types, where the parametersmay be set from, and the minimum NVRAM parameters in each case.

IP Address Parameter Sources

DownloadType

Parameters Set From

Minimum NVRAMParameters

BOOTP andTFTP

Configuration File, BOOTP, orNVRAM

None

TFTP withoutBOOTP

Configuration File or NVRAM

inet

loadimage

host1

Floppy

NVRAM or Configuration File

floppy

Details on setting the parameters using the various methods is provided laterin this chapter.

Choosing a Boot Method

The

CNS-1610 requires two files to operate: an executable software imageand a configuration file. The image file

contains the executable code for theConnection Station. The configuration file is an ASCII text file that you canedit to change the Connection Station's parameters. Both files are loadedwhen the Connection Station comes is powered on, as part of the processknown as “booting the system.”

There are two ways to boot the Connection Station. Both methods have thesame result. The methods are:

describes all the system settings for the ConnectionStation. It is a text file and can be edited by any text editor. This file isloaded from the same source as the executable software image.

The information in the configuration file is grouped in sections. Eachsection configures a part of the software in the Connection Station.

Note:

When you configure the Connection Station using theconfiguration file, it only defines the way that the Connection Station willact when it is powered on. Other commands given from a host computer orSNMP management station can temporarily change these settings until yourestart the Connection Station.

Default Configuration File

The Connection Station software comes with a default configuration filethat is sufficient for usingrlogin

andtelnet

commands from all 16 ports ofthe unit, using basic line parameters of 9600 baud 8/1/N. If this is all youwant to do, then you do not have to modify the default configuration file.

Many examples are provided in the default configuration file (commentedout with a semicolon at the beginning of the line). To use the examples yousimply remove the semicolon. Note, however, that uncommenting onesection may require you to make changes in another section. For example, ifyou decide you want to use a port for the reversetelnet

service rather than10

Chapter 2: Installation

as a normal command shell, you must disable the command shell sessionsections as well as uncomment one of thetelnetd

sections. More detailedprocedures are provided in the following chapters.

Editing Configuration Files

Because configuration files are text files, you can use a standard text editorto change them.



If 瑨攠捯nfigur慴楯n f楬攠楳 on a hos琠tys瑥m on th攠network, ed楴⁴i攠捯nfigur慴楯n f楬攠on th慴ahos琮

command in the command shell, as described inChapter 4. You can also simply power cycle the Connection Station and letit reboot using its normal bootprocess.

Note:

Giving thereboot

command or unplugging the Connection Stationwill automatically disconnect all users.

General Software Installation Information

As stated above, the executable software image and the configuration filecan be downloaded automatically from a host on the network. You do notneed to give any commands for this to happen, although you do need to besure that the host is properly configured, as describedin this section.

In order to download the files from the network, you must configure a hostsystem on the network as a server to respond to TFTP

requests.Configuration is easier if the server also supports the BOOTP protocol.

Also, the following utility software is provided with the CNS-030 software:

cnsconnect:

This is used by programs on the host (such ascu) thatexpect to access a modem through an operating system device. It makesthe pseudo-tty ports on the Connection Station behave morelikestandard tty devices on the system. More information aboutcnsconnect

can be found in Chapter 7.

Chapter 2: Installation

11

passserv:

This program serves user passwords to CNS-1610 units onthe network (if the CNS-1610 units are setup to use remote passwords).It is only needed on a host that is being used to verify CNS-1610 userpasswords.

rpasswd:

This utility allows the modification of the password list on aremote password server. It is only needed on a host that is being used toverify CNS-1610 user passwords. More information onpassserv

andrpasswd

can be found in Chapter 9.

If your host system is running the SCO UNIX operating system, theinstallation process will ask you to enter information about each ConnectionStation that you wish to boot from that host. The SCO UNIX installationprocess will modify all needed system files to allow the each ConnectionStation to boot from that system using the BOOTP and TFTP protocols. Thesoftware installation for other platforms just copies the utility programs tothe proper directories on the system; configuration of BOOTP and TFTP onother systems must be done manually, as described later in this chapter.

Installation on SCO UNIX systems has an automated procedure associatedwith it, while installation on other UNIX systems is less automated. Thosetwo different installation procedures are described separately below.

12

Chapter 2: Installation

Before You Begin Any Installation

Before beginning installation, you need the following information:



The Ethernet hardware address of the Connection Station you areinstalling. This address is printed on a label attached to the rear ofthe unit. This may be referred to as just the “Ethernet address.”



The IP address you plan to assign to the Connection Station. Youmust select an address that does not conflict with any other deviceon your network. This may be referred to as the “Internet address.”

You may alsoneed the following additional information, depending on yournetwork’s configuration:



The subnet

mask (or “network mask”) of your network



The IP address of aname server

on your network (“name serveraddress”)



The IP address of a default gateway (“gatewayaddress”)



The domain name of your network

If you don’t enter these values, certain network functionality may not beavailable.

Installation under SCO UNIX

First, make sure you have not already installed either the CNS-030 or CNS-1610 on your host by following these steps for your version of SCO.

SCO 3.2v4.2 (OpenServer

3) and Earlier

1.

Login as root on your SCO system and type:

custom

2.

See if either of the following two software packages is listed:

CNS-030 TCP/IP Communications Software

or

CNS-1610 TCP/IP Communications Software

If neither package is listed, continue with the actual installation of thesoftware as described later in this section. If either package is listed,proceed with step 3.

3.

From thecustom

top-level menu selectRemove.

Chapter 2: Installation

13

4.

From the next menu select:

CNS-030 TCP/IP Communications Software

or

CNS-1610 TCP/IP Communications Software

5.

From the next menu selectAll.

6.

custom

now verifies that you wish to continue; typeYes.

7.

Quit out ofcustom.

SCO 3.2v5.x (OpenServer

5)

1.

Login as root on your SCO system and type:

custom

2.

See if either of the following two software packages is listed:

CNS-030 TCP/IP Communications Software

or

CNS-1610 TCP/IP Communications Software

If neither package is listed, continue with the actual installation of thesoftware as described later in this section. If either package is listed,proceed with step 3.

3.

Select the following item in the software list:

CNS-030 TCP/IP Communications Software

or

CNS-1610 TCP/IP Communications Software

4.

From thecustom

top-level menu selectSoftware.

5.

From the software menu selectRemove Software.

6.

From the next menu selectRemove. The software should be removedfrom your host.

7.

Quit out ofcustom.

Actual Installation Under SCO UNIX

The CNS-1610 software package includes a UNIXtar

format diskettedesigned foruse withSCO's

custom

installation utility. Usecustom

toinstall the software from this diskette onto your SCO system and configurethe system for downloading the Connection Station software.

To install the software, place thetar

format diskette into your host’s floppydrive and follow the steps for your version of SCO.

14

Chapter 2: Installation

SCO 3.2v4.2 (OpenServer

3) and Earlier

1.

Login as root on your SCO system and type:

custom

The system should be in normal multi-user mode withSCO's

TCP/IPpackage installed and operating.

2.

From thecustom

top-level menu selectInstall.

3.

From the next menu selectA New Product.

4.

From the next menu selectEntire Product.

5.

custom

prompts you to insert a diskette. Insert thetar

format diskette ifyou have not already done so.

6.

SelectContinue.custom

scans the directory of the diskette and liststhe following package to install:

CNS-1610 TCP/IP Communications Software

custom

again asks you to

install the diskette. You do not need torespond if you have already installed the diskette.

7.

SelectContinue.custom

copies the files from the diskette and installsthem on your system in the/usr/lib/cns

directory.

8.

The installation package verifies that you have TCP/IP installed andasks you a series of questions. You need to supply the TCP/IPparameters for your Connection Station, as described in theBefore YouBegin Any Installation

section above. After you supply them, theinstallation package will output the parameters you have entered toverify that they are correct:

Ethernet Address: 0040630001c4

Internet Address: 192.132.4.3

Network Mask: 255.255.255.0

Gateway Address: 192.132.4.1

Nameserver Address: 192.132.4.3

Are these values acceptable [y/n] ?

The SCO installation package sets up a BOOTP/TFTP type of boot.Because of this, you should not have to modify the NVRAM of yourConnection Station.

9.

Quit out ofcustom. If your Connection Station is powered up andattached to the same network as your host, it should begindownloading.

Chapter 2: Installation

15

SCO 3.2v5.x (OpenServer

5)

1.

Login as root on your SCO system and type:

custom

The system should be in normal multi-user mode withSCO's

TCP/IPpackage installed and operating.

2.

From thecustom

top-level menu selectSoftware.

3.

From the Software menu selectInstall New.

4.

custom

responds with:

What host (machine) do you want to install from?

Selectyour machine name and thecontinue

box.

5.

custom

responds with:

Insert media, and select media device.

The media device should default to Floppy Disk Drive. If not, select thefloppy disk drive into which you inserted your diskette and thenselecttheContinue

box.

6.

custom

checks the diskette, runs theprep

script, and displays themessage:

Installing: CNS-1610 TCP/IPComm…Software (Vx.x.x)

Choose theFull

box to start installation.custom

copies the files fromthe diskette and installs them in the/usr/lib/cns

directory on yoursystem.

7.

The installation package verifies that you have TCP/IP installed andasks you a series of questions. You need to supply the TCP/IPparameters for your Connection Station, as described in theBefore YouBegin Any Installation

section above. After you supply them, theinstallation package will output the parameters you have entered toverify that they are correct:

Ethernet Address: 0040630001c4

Internet Address: 192.132.4.3

Network Mask: 255.255.255.0

Gateway Address: 192.132.4.1

Nameserver Address: 192.132.4.3

Are these values acceptable [y/n] ?

The SCO installation package sets up a BOOTP/TFTP type of boot.Because of this, you should not have to modify the NVRAM of yourConnection Station.

8.

Quit out ofcustom. If your Connection Station is powered up and16

Chapter 2: Installation

attached to the same network as your host, it should begindownloading.

Installation on Non-SCO UNIX Platforms

If you are installing the CNS-1610 software on a non-SCO platform, thefollowing information familiarizes you with the directory structure of thetar

format diskette. The software for the CNS-1610 is placed under thedirectory/usr/lib/cns. The contents of related directories and subdirectories

are described below:

/usr/lib/cns

CNS-1610 download image and configuration file

/usr/lib/cns/src

Non-SCOinstall

anddeinstall

scripts

/usr/lib/cns/src/cnsconnect

Source code,makefile, and skeleton configuration file

forcnsconnect

/usr/lib/cns/src/pwserver

Source code andmakefile

forpassserv

andrpasswd

/usr/lib/cns/aix

/usr/lib/cns/hpux

/usr/lib/cns/irix

/usr/lib/cns/sco

/usr/lib/cns/solaris-sparc

/usr/lib/cns/solaris-x86

/usr/lib/cns/sun

/usr/lib/cns/unixware

Executables forcnsconnect,passserv,

andrpasswd

on the platformindicated by the directory name

/usr/lib/cns/solaris

/usr/lib/cns/unixware2.0

Executables for previous releases (should be removed if found)

Before You Begin

Make sure you have not already installed either the CNS-030 or CNS-1610on your host by following these steps:

1.

Login as root on your non-SCO system and typecd /usr/lib/cns.

2.

If thecd

command fails, it means that you have not previously installedthis package and may proceed with installation (seeInstallation on aSupported Platformbelow). If the command did not fail, continue withstep 3.

Chapter 2: Installation

17

3.

Type the following commands to remove all existing CNS-1610 files:

cd /usr/lib

rm-r cns

Installation Hints

Under some versions ofSolaris,

a daemon called the Volume

Manager, orvold,

is automatically started and prevents access to the floppy disk. Toinstall the CNS-1610, you need to stop the daemon, install the CNS-1610 asdescribed above, and then restart the daemon. Refer to yourSolaris

and extracts files into thatdirectory. A few files are extracted into/tmp

but they can be ignored.

If you

have downloaded an image file of the CNS-1610 diskette (anddon’t have the diskette itself), you should move this image file to theroot directory. The image file is usually called01. You would then usethe followingtar

command instead of the one above(with theappropriate file name in place of01):

tarxvf

01

4.

Run the following shell script:/usr/lib/cns/src/install.

5.

The system prompts you for the following information:

Please enter the platform that you are installingon.

Choices are:aix,hpux, sun, solaris-x86,solaris-risc,

18

Chapter 2: Installation

andirix.

[Enter choice or q]:

6.

Enter your platform type. The script then installs the software on yourhost. If this error message is displayed:

Platform <platform> is not currently supported.

you either mistyped the platform or are installing on an unsupportedplatform. If you mistyped the platform, return to step 4. If you have anunsupported platform, seeInstallation Hints

below.

7.

The script installs the CNS-1610 software on your UNIX host. Refer toinstructions in

Downloading the Connection Station Software

below forinformation on setting up your system to download the CNS-1610software.

Installation on an Unsupported Platform

If you want to install the CNS-1610 on a platform other than those listedabove, please note the following:



You will probably have to make an executable version of thecnsconnect,passserv

andrpasswd

utilities using the compiler onyour host.

Note: If you do not have ready access to the compilers necessary tomake your own executable binary file, and your host is an x86machine runningUNIX

SVR4, try using theUnixWare

binaries.



If your host does not supporttar

format diskettes or thetar

command, you may be able to use the supplied DOS formatdiskette. However, you will not have access to the host-basedutilities, since only the CNS-030 software image and sampleconfiguration file are on the DOS diskette.



奯ur hos琠must

have the TCP/IP package installed properly. Beforeattempting to download the Connection Station software, it is best ifyou have verified this functionality by using theping

command toverify connectivity to another host on the network.

Installing From the tar Format Diskette

Place the

tar

format diskette in the system’s floppy drive and follow steps1-3 of the sectionInstalling on a Supported Platform

found earlier in thischapter. These steps perform an extraction that places the files in the/usr/lib/cns

directory.

You need to decide which parts of the software distribution to keep. If youare compiling your own version of the host utilities, the following platformChapter 2: Installation

19

directories may be safely removed:

/usr/lib/cns/aix

/usr/lib/cns/hpux

/usr/lib/cns/irix

/usr/lib/cns/sco

/usr/lib/cns/solaris-sparc

/usr/lib/cns/solaris-x86

/usr/lib/cns/sun

/usr/lib/cns/unixware

(If you want to try the SVR4 binaries, keep theunixware

directory.)

Many of the files on thetar

diskette are compressed using the UNIXcompress

utility. These files must be uncompressed before they can beused. These files do not, however, have the usual.Z

extension. A shellscript calleduncompress?

is supplied in the

/usr/lib/cns/srcdirectory tohandle these files. This utility uncompresses the file and gives it the samename. Uncompress the files in each of the directories you keep. You can dothis by changing to the directory and typing:

/usr/lib/cns/src/uncompress? *

You must now compile the utility programs using the compiler provided onyour system.

Installing from the DOS Diskette

The DOS diskette contains only the download image calledcns-030.cns

anda default configuration file calledcns-030.cfg. Both files are located in theroot of a DOS file system. Use a DOScopy

command to move them to thesystem that you want to

use to download the Connection Station.

This is a sample directory listing of the DOS diskette (the current versionmay vary somewhat):

04/28/95 03:58p 513,416 CNS-030.CNS

04/28/95 09:47a 44,882 CNS-030.CFG

The files on the DOS diskette are

different from their equivalent files on thetar

diskette. The download image on the DOS diskette is compressed usinga proprietary format that is decompressed by the Connection Station duringits boot process anddoes not need to be uncompressed at the host. Theconfiguration file is not compressed.

After you copy the two files to the host, you need to configure theConnection Station and host server to set the IP address and related TCP/IPparameters, and to download these files.

20

Chapter 2: Installation

Setting the IP Address

and Related TCP/IPParameters on the Connection Station

If you have installed the CNS-1610 on a SCO UNIX host, you probably donot need to make any changes to set your Connection Station IP address andrelated TCP/IP parameters, as the software installation process for thatplatform configures the BOOTP protocol to provide these. You may,however, still find some of the information in this section useful.

As stated earlier in this chapter, you can use the BOOTP protocol, theConnection Station’s NVRAM, orthe configuration file on the optionalbuilt-in floppy diskette to provide an IP address and related TCP/IPparameters to the unit. The following parameters must be supplied at aminimum:



inet



loadimage



host1

Depending on your network configuration, you may need other parametersas well. Read this section carefully, or check with your network systemadministrator if you have any questions in this regard.

Gateways and Router Considerations

The use of gateways and routers can complicate installation of theConnection Station. Please note the following restrictions when a gatewayor router is being used:



The Connection Station cannot use BOOTP across a gateway orrouter. Although some gateways and routers support BOOTP,Central Data supports onlydirected

loadand does not warrantBOOTP operation.



The gateway must be defined in the NVRAM, as described later inthis section of this manual.

is a two-character tag symbol. Most tags must be followed by an equal sign and avalue; some may appear in a Boolean form with no value (:tg:).

The following tags are required for installing the CNS-1610:

bf

boot file

hd

boot file home directory

ha

Ethernet address of the Connection Station

ip

IP address of the Connection Station

ht

hardware type (use Ethernet)

vm

version ofbootp

(use rfc1048 if

this field is available)

The Connection Station specifies a null boot file when it sends out itsBOOTP request. The reply frombootpd

depends on thehd

andbf

tags. Ifthebf

tag specifies an absolute pathname for an existing file, the replypacket contains just that pathname. Otherwise, if thehd

andbf

tags togetherspecify an accessible file, that filename is returned in the reply. If acomplete filename cannot be determined or the file does not exist, the replycontains a blank boot file field.

22

Chapter 2: Installation

If you are running securetftp

(usually denoted by the-s

parameter in thestartup line in/etc/inetd.conf),

you may need to eliminate thehd

parameterand not specify the pathname inbf. Thecns-030.cns

file and configurationfile must then reside in the securetftp

directory.

In addition to the previously described tags, the following tags also provideinformation to the Connection Station. These tags are not required but areused by the Connection Station if they are supplied.

sm

subnet

mask

ns

name server

gw

gateway name

The files specified in the BOOTP tags must have their public read accessbits set. All filenames are first tried asfilename.hostname

and then simplyasfilename, thus providing for individual per-host bootfiles.

Setting Parameters in NVRAM

To set the NVRAM parameters in your Connection Station, follow thesesteps:

1.

Unplug the Connection Station if it is already plugged in.

2.

Connect an ASCII terminal to one of the Connection Station portsusing the cableand terminal adapter supplied with the ConnectionStation.

3.

Set the terminal to 9600baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity.

4.

Plug in the Connection Station.

5.

Within 10 seconds of plugging in the Connection

Station, press the#

key at least four times, then wait for the power-on self-test to complete.(On some terminals, the#

key is replaced by a key with the£

symbol.)

6.

The BIOS responds with a copyright and status message similar to:

Copyright (C) Central Data 1992-1995…

BIOS Console on Port 1 (5.21 31-316-07 04/21/95)

then displays a prompt. See the BIOS chapter in theCNS-1600 andCNS-1610 Hardware Installation and User's Guide

for troubleshootinginformation.

The BIOS uses a simple command processor that operates similar to theUNIX shell. Press the Enter key after each command. If you make amistake in typing the command, use the Backspace key to erase whatyou typed.

The BIOS displays OK after each command that executes successfully.

Chapter 2: Installation

23

7.

Type the command:

admin

password

The default administrator password iscorollary. If you have changedthe administrator password, use your new password. The prompt nowchanges to#>.

8.

Assign an IP address to the ConnectionStation with the command:

setinet

192.132.4.3

where192.132.4.3

is a sample IP address in standard dotted-decimalnotation.

9.

Specify the name of the download file with the command:

setloadi

/usr/lib/cns/cns-030.cns

If you are using secure

tftp

or have put the download image in anotherplace on your host, use that pathname.

10.

Assign an IP address to the download host with the command:

set host1192.132.4.3

where192.132.4.2

is a sample IP address.

11.

You may

need to set additional NVRAM parameters. Refer to thefollowing sections before issuing thesave

command.

Save the addresses and filenames into nonvolatile memory in theConnection Station by typing the following command:

save

The saved information will be available each time you plug in theConnection Station. You can use the BIOS commandshow

to reviewwhat you have typed. More details on setting BIOS parameters areprovided in theCNS-1600 and CNS-1610 Hardware Installation andUser's Guide. If you do not save the information, the parameters revertto their previous values the next time you plug in the ConnectionStation.

12.

Attach the Connection Station to your TCP/IP network. Using theEthernet interface is described in theCNS-1600 andCNS-1610Hardware Installation and User's Guide.

If You Are UsingSubnets

If you are usingsubnets

requiring a network mask, assign a net mask to theConnection Station by issuing this command before issuing thesave

command:

24

Chapter 2: Installation

setnetmask

255.255.255.0

where255.255.255.0

is a sample net mask in dotted-decimal notation.

If You Are Loading Across Gateways or Routers

If the download host is on the other side of a gateway, set the gatewayaddress in the NVRAM by issuing this command before issuing thesave

command:

set gateway192.132.4.1

where 192.132.4.1 is a sample IP address of the gateway in dotted-decimalnotation.

If Your NetworkFrametype

Is Not Ethernet II

If you are using the IEEE 802.3 style of frame encapsulation for TCP/IPinstead of the more common Ethernet II style, change the encapsulation byissuing this command before issuing thesave

command:

setframetype

type

wheretype

has the valueETHERNET_SNAP. This value is normallyauto

orETHERNET_II. If you are not sure of the correct value, use the

defaultvalue ofauto,

which selects Ethernet II frame encapsulation.

If You Are Using Domain Names

Determine the domain name server that will be used by the ConnectionStation. If you specify a name server, you can use host names instead of IPaddresses when establishing rlogin or telnet sessions. You can skip this stepif your network does not have a name server. Give the command:

set nameserver192.132.4.7

where192.132.4.7is an example of the IP address of a domain name serveron your network. If you have more than one name server in your network,you can use the configuration file to specify multiple name servers.

If you are in an Internet environment and your local network has a domainassigned, tell the Connection Station about it with the command:

set domaindomain_name

wheredomain_name

is the Internet domain of your local network as in"cd.com". This field is used

by some name servers to resolve local names.

Setting Parameters Using the Floppy Drive

The floppy is a standard DOS format diskette. Central Data recommendsthat you make a copy of the DOS format diskette that came with the CNS-Chapter 2: Installation

25

1610 using the DOSdiskcopy

command, put the original in a safe place,and boot from the copy.

You will need to use a terminal to set the following parameter into theNVRAM as described in theSetting Parameters in NVRAM

section justbefore this one:

set floppy enable

This tells the

Connection Station to load its binary image and configurationfile from its floppy diskette drive. You must then put the IP address andrelated TCP/IP parameters in the TCP section of the configuration file onthe diskette using a DOS ASCII text editor to

edit the filecns-030.cfg. SeetheTCP/IP Environment

section in Chapter 13 for information on settingthese parameters in the configuration file.

After you have completed modifying the configuration file, you can bootyour Connection Station as described

below:

1.

Unplug the Connection Station if it is already plugged in.

2.

Insert the boot floppy into the Connection Station's floppy drive.

3.

Plug in the Connection Station.

Downloading the Connection Station

Software

If you have installed the CNS-1610 on a SCO UNIX host, you probably donot need to make any changes to download your Connection Stationsoftware, as the software installation process for that platform configuresthe TFTP protocol to do this. Youmay, however, still find some of theinformation in this section useful.

Overview

You can download the Connection Station files from a floppy disk or overthe network. The steps you need to take for floppy disk downloads arecovered in theSetting Parameters Using the Floppy Drive

section above.

The TFTP protocol is the preferred method for downloading the ConnectionStation software. For this download method, you need to set up TFTP onyour system.

Your UNIX host must have its TCP/IP package installed properly beforeyou attempt to download the Connection Station software. Use theping

command to verify connectivity to another host on the network.

26

Chapter 2: Installation

If you are loading from the network, you must set up your host to perform aTFTP download. If your host supports TFTP, please refer to the vendor’sdocumentation ontftp.

The following general instructions may be helpful.

You probably need to enable the TFTP service in a file calledinetd.conf.

This file is usually found in the/etc

directory. Edit this file witha texteditor and look for lines similar to these:

#tftp dgram udp wait nouser /etc/tftpd tftpd

#tftp dgram udp wait root /etc/tftpd tftpd-s /tboot

If you do not find these lines, refer to your host documentation to determineifTFTP

is supported by yoursystem. If both lines are commented out, youneed to uncomment one of them. In the above example, the first line is astandard TFTP. This program allows TFTP requests to anywhere on thehost file system. Uncomment this line if you are not concerned about filesystem security.

The second line is a secure TFTP. This program allows TFTP requests onlyto the directory specified by the-sparameter, in this case/tftpboot.

Uncomment this line if you are concerned about the security of your filesystem.

The specifics for your host may differ from this explanation; please refer tothe documentation supplied with your machine.

After you modify theinetd.conf

file, you need to alert theinet

daemon toreread it by sending the process a signal. Find the process ID (pid) of thedaemon by typing:

噥V楦y th慴ath攠Conn散瑩tn 却S瑩tn has two meg慢y瑥s of memory.卥攠CNS-1600 and CNS-1610 Hardware Installation and User'sGuidefor more information on this topic.



Verify that the Connection Station is properly licensed to run theterminal server software.

If you are having a software licensing problem on your Connection Station,you will see acs005

error in the system log. Appendix B provides moreinformation on error codes and their resolution.

File Downloading Overview

Although the boot procedure is automatic, it is useful to understand it sothat you can troubleshoot problems if they arise. The following explains thedefault method by which the software is downloaded.

The booting and initialization process takes from 2 to 5 minutes. When it iscompleted,

devices attached to the Connection Station will be ready to use.If after waiting for 5 minutes you do not see a command shell prompt on aterminal attached to the Connection Station, you should begintroubleshooting the download. SeeTroubleshooting Downloading

inChapter 14 of this manual.

To begin using a terminal on your Connection Station, when you see thecommand shell prompt, ">>", type:

rloginhostname

wherehostname

is the host name or IP address of a host on your network.See Chapter 5 for more information on making connections.

1.

After the Connection Station has gone through its self-test diagnostics,it checks to see if you have configured a directed load by setting avalue other thanauto

in the Primary Download Host (host1) field ofthe NVRAM on the Connection Station. If you have not modified yourNVRAM, then it will have the valueauto

by default. If you have setthis field, then it skips the BOOTP query and proceeds directly with theTFTP transfer in step 4 below.

2.

Assuming you have not specified a directed load, the ConnectionStation sends a BOOTP message on the network seeking a hostcomputer that is supposed to download to it.

3.

The system which is configured to look for such messageswill respond28

Chapter 2: Installation

with the name of the boot file. This is the binary executable image file.The name of this file is normallycns-030.cns.

4.

The Connection Station then request a file of that name from the host,using the TFTP

protocol.

5.

The host computer downloads the executable binary image file to theConnection Station. The light for port 16 will flicker rapidly while it isdownloading.

6.

The Connection Station makes a request to the same host to send theconfiguration

file. That file is in the same directory as the binary imagefile, but has the name xxxxxxxxxxxx.cfg, where xxxxxxxxxxxx is theConnection Station's Ethernet address in hexadecimal notation. Thus, ifthe Ethernet address of the Connection Station is 00406EEA2981, theConnection Station requests file00406eea2981.cfg

from the samedirectory as the binary image. Note that hex digits are all in lower case.This namecan be overridden by modifying a value in the BIOS.

If it cannot find a file of this name, it retries the request using a namecontaining only the lower 8 digits of the Ethernet address such as6eea2981.cfg

in the example above. This is in case you are loadingfrom a DOS system that only supports 8 character file names. Finally,if it cannot find a file with this name, it will try to load the defaultconfiguration file name,cns-030.cfg.

After it has completed downloading, the CNS-1610 will turn off all theport lights and begin executing the binary image. When it has fullyinitialized, it will activate port lights that have devices attached.

If you have changed either the configuration file name or the image filename from the default, the new name will override the above sequenceand it will only use these new names.

7.

If the Connection Station cannot find a configuration file to load, theimage will not attempt to start. It will simply reset the box and restartthe download sequence. It will keep retrying until it successfully loadsboth the image and configuration file.

De-installation

If you decide that you no longer want the software for the CNS-1610 on ahost system you can de-install the software. This involves removing anyfiles that were added during the installation. A de-install script is providedfor all those systems that were installed using theinstall

script. Under SCOUNIX you can use thecustom

utility to de-install the software.

Chapter 2: Installation

29

De-installation under SCO UNIX

Under SCO UNIX, the CNS-1610 uses the SCOcustom

utility to de-installthe software.

1.

Login as root on your SCO system and typecustom.

2.

From the custom top level menu selectRemove.

3.

From the next menu selectCNS-1610 TCP/IP...

4.

From the next menu selectAll.

5.

Custom will now verify that you wish to continue, typeYes.

6.

Finally, quit out ofcustom. The next time you reboot your ConnectionStation itwill have to load from another source before it will function.

De-installation from other supported UNIX platforms

1.

Login as root on your system.

2.

Run the following shell script:

/usr/lib/cns/src/deinstall

The script will remove all the files that theinstall

script added to yoursystem. The next time you reboot your Connection Station it will haveto load from another source before it will function.

De-installation from other UNIX platforms

1.

Login as root on your system.

2.

Type the following commands:

cd /usr/lib

rm-r cns

The script will remove most of the files that the

install

script added toyour system. The next time you reboot your Connection Station it willhave to load from another source before it will function.

Network Control Files

Installation may have made the following changes that you may want tocheck for. Even if you have run a Central Data supplieddeinstall

script,some of these files may be left alone because changing them may affectthings other than the Central Data software. Thus, be careful in editing thesefiles as they may affect the operation of other portions of the system.

30

Chapter 2: Installation

Changes to /etc/inetd.conf

You should make changes to this file only if you are sure that no othersystems are using either the BOOTP or TFTP functions. If this is the case,you may edit this file with a text editor and look for lines that look like:

bootps dgram udp wait root/etc/bootpd bootpd

tftp dgram udp wait nouser /etc/tftpd tftpd

To disable these functions, add a#

in front of the lines. The next time youboot the UNIX system, these functions will be disabled.

Changes to /etc/bootptab

To

restore this file, you should edit/etc/bootptab

with a text editor andlook for a line such as:

CNS00406e0001c4.Central Data.com:\

bf=/usr/lib/cns/cns-030.cns:\

hd=/usr/lib/cns:\

ip=192.132.4.3:\

ht=ethernet:\

ha=00406e0001c4:\

ds=192.132.4.7:\

gw=192.132.4.1:\

vm=rfc1048:\

sm=255.255.255.0

This line will invariably have the Ethernet address of the ConnectionStation in it. It can safely be removed, as well as other lines that might lookthe same, and also have addresses of Connection Stations in them.

Secure TFTP

If the UNIX host was configured to run secure TFTP, then the executablebinary image and configuration file will probably be in a special directory.To check for this, edit the/etc/inetd.conf

file with a text editor and look atthe tftp line:

tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/in.tftpd in.tftpd-s /tftpboot

Note that in the above line, the-s

option is set. The directory where TFTPwill read from is, in theabove case,/tftpboot. In the above case, you shouldgo to that directory and look for the files:

cns-030.cns

00406e0001c4.cfg

The second is an example of a Connection Station configuration file. It canbe identified because it has the Ethernet address ofa Connection Station init. Thecns-030.cns

file, as well as any such configuration files can bedeleted.Chapter 3: Installing Terminals and Dial-In Modems

31

3. Installing Terminals andDial-in Modems

Installing Terminals

This section provides an overview of the steps required to install terminals.

1.

Connect the cable from any Connection Station port to the serial porton your terminal using an appropriate cable adapter. Cable adapters foravariety of terminal types are described in theCNS-1600 and CNS-1610 Hardware Installation and User's Guide. Most terminals workwith the standard terminal adapter (Central Data part number 60-1167-01) that came with your Connection Station.