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' of the watchman rir subscription per year two dol_a*s-pÂ»r i advance but if not paid in advance 1 wo dollars a . r"_2 a-ise en nation court Â«*Â£*Â»Â£ 25 ner ct higher than these rates a liberal detluc tion to those who advertise by the year letters to the editors rnusi be po pa,a from the presbyterian the scotch-irish of north carolina concluded the first constitution of the state of north carolina was discussed and adopted at halilax ; north carolina in tbe winter of 1776 77 i â– remained unchanged until 1835 and at that i time was the only constitution among lhe u gc.,es which had been set forth by the fathers of the revolution the changes which were made in 1835 did noi al all affect its fundamen | al principles they altered only the means j by which those principles were manifested this long continuance of an instrument adopt | et in lhe midst of our revolutionary troubles j clear evinces lhe wisdom of iis provisions â€” their favourableness to liberty and religion â€” | we have now lhe means of showing ihat lhe scotch irish of north carolina were not a , tthii behind the foremost in proposing and es tshlisbing those provisions the evidence has been concealed for many years bul now lhai , u is discovered il is irrefragable it is con tamed in a paper whose body is in lhe hand j writing of waightstill avery with marginal j corrections and interlineations in a different i hand this paper seems lo have been the j original draught of the propositions submitted i to the consideration of the convention to which i il refers for on iis margin ihe word " reject j td is written af_.-iii.--i someof its articles the i true history of north carolina is yet lobe writ ten and to i's writer the whole of this paper will be of ihe highest value having but li.ni , ted room he will extract only those suggestions j which are of the most impo.lance and of the i most general interest lhai the readers of the ; presb\ierian mav again be assured that pies ; byterianism is profitable for very many excel j lent things ' ata eneral conference of the inhabitants of meck lenburg county assembled ai the court house on : lhe is day of november 177u for the express pur [ pose of drawing up instructions for the present re ' presentatives in congress the following were a j greed to hy the assent of the people present and j ordered to he sinned hy chairman chosen to preside for the day in said conference to waightstill avery hezekiah alexander john phifer kobert erwin and zacheus wilson es quires : gentlemen â€” you are chosen by the inhabi j tants ol this couniy lo serve ihem in congress | or general assembly for one year ; and they ! have agreed lo the following instructions which you are to observe with the stricter regard j viz you are instructed 1 that you shall assent to and approve the declaration of the continental congress de | lari ihe thirteen colonies free and indepen j deal slates 2 that you shall endeavour lo establish a fee government under the authority of the peo pie in the siaie ol north carolina and that the : govern men i be a simple democracy or as near : ii a possible 3 thai in fixing the fundamental principles ! of government you shall oppose every thing tha leans to aristocracy or power in the hands ot the rich and chief men exercized to ihe oppression ol lhe poor 4 that you shall endeavour that the form of government shall set forth a bill of rights con laming lhe rights of lhe people and of individu als which shall never be infringey iu and fu , lure time l>y the law linking power or other derived powers in lhe stale 5 thai you shall endeavour that lhe follow j ing maxims be substantially acknowledged in the bill of rights viz isi political power is of two kinds one piu.cipal and supreme ; the other derived and inferior d the principal supreme power is pos sessed by lhe people at large ; lhe derived aud inferior power l>y the servants whom ihey cm ' ploy 3d whatever persons are delegated cho ; sen employed and intrusted by the people are iheir servants ; and can possess only derived inferior power 4ih whatever is instituted and ordained by the principal supreme power cannot be altered suspended or abrogated l>y any other power but the same powei hat ordained may aller suspend and abrogate iis own ordinances 5ih the rules whereby the derived inferior power is lo tie exercised are to be constituted hy lhe principal supreme power andean be al red suspended and abrogated by lhe same mid no oiher 6ih no authority can exist or be exercised liul what shall appear lo be ordained and crea i'd hy the principal supreme power ; or by a derived inferior power which the principal su preme power hath auihorized to cieale such authority 7lh that lhe derived inferior power can by bo construction or prelence assume or exercise Â» power to subvert lhe principal supreme pow er 6th thai you shall endeavour lhe govern fnenl shall be so formed thai the derived infe rior power shall be divided into three branch ct distinct from each other viz the power of making laws ; the power of executing laws : and ihe power of judging ih the law-making power shall have full aÂ»d ample authority for the good of the people to provide legal remedies for all evils and abu ses ihat may arise it lhe slate the execu tive power shall have authority to apply the le gal remedies ; when the judging power shall we ascerlained where and upon what indi duals the remedies ought to be applied *-â€¢ ou shall endeavor thai iu lhe original constitution of lhe government now to be form u tbe authority of officers possessing any branch of derived power shall be restrained fÂ°r example â€” â€¢; lhe law-making power shall be restrain ' '" all future lime from making any altera ll0n n the form of goveijupent * * * . Â°- lou shall endeavour mat i rials by jury a je for ever had and used in iheir utmost 9 you shall endeavour that any person . Â° li;tll hereafter profess himself to be an a "â€¢â– or deny the being of god ; or shall de m r blaspheme any one of the persons ofthe i u iiiity ; or shall deny the divine authori j<j be old and new testament or shall be , â– e ( k"<nan catholic religion shall not sus . in hold or enjoy any ofiice of trust or profit bllke slate of north carolina the carolina watchman bruner & james ) ( keep a check upon aix your editors 4 proprietors ) rulers ( new series do this a.nd liberty is safe < gen i harrison ( volume vi number 30 salisbury n c thursday november 29 1849 20 that in all limes hereafter no professing ! christian of any denomination whatever shall be compelled lo pay any lax or duty towards lhe support of lhe clergy or worship of another | denomination j 21 that all professing christians shall en j joy the iree and undisiurl.ed exercise uf religion aiid may worship cod according lo iheir con sciences without restraint except idulatrious worshippers 22 vou shall endeavour that the form of government when made out and agreed to by , the congress shall he transmitted to the sever al counties of ihis state lo he considered by the people al large for their approbation and con , sent if lh<'v shall choose to give it ; to the end ihat it may de.ive its form from the principal supreme power it is difficult for the prosperity of lhe authors ; of urh a paper as ihis lo judge aright ol iis j merits brought up to regard lhe principles i here laid down as axiomatic we seem incapa i ble of realizing ihat ihey were ever denied i that is taken lhe world near six thousand years lo acknowledge their truth and to define the limits wiihin which they ought to be allowed li must be that this unprecedented paper pro ceeded from a people in frontier settlements among whom there were no prominent lights of jurisprudence ; whose wealth was small aud means of education were limited yet how ; respectable must have been the people who in a general conference could understand dis cuss and approve such a paper as this much doubt is there whether iheir descendants in [ this day of academies and collegescan produce j its equal it has no rhapsody about fraternity \ nor any visions of ulopia such as might have j proceeded from men who had been suddenly re j lieved from galling oppression but dictated '. by common sense its language is very simple 'â– yet its iruths are very profound its pro vis : ions are concise yet their comprehension is j exceedingly large and experience has shown i ihem to be sufficient it is full of large liberty and jealous watchfulness ; of good order sound mortality and pure religion great honour then he to the scotch in'sh presbyterians of n carolina ! how these suggestions were received by the congress to whom they were made can best be ascerlained by comparing instruction no 5 with lhe declaration of rights which has been the fundamental law of north carolina for se venty-three years ; and the other instructions wiih the various provisions of a constitution whose principles have never required altera tion we will dwell on one or two instances which clearly prove that their fellow citizens approved these suggestions of lhe scotch irish i the thirty-second section ofthe constitution of north carolina was until 1635 in these words â€” " no person who shall deny the heing of god or ihe truth of lhe protestant religion or the divine authority of the old or new testa ment or who shall hold religious opinions in compatible with the fieedo.n and safely of the j slate shall be capable of holding any office or place of trust or profit in lhe civil department wiihin this slate the original of this sec lion is to be found in instruction no 19 above in 1835 the only change in this section was made by substituting ihe word christian for protestant for many years it had been warm ly debated whether as adopted at first the thirty second section was intended to exclude roman catholics from place and power in n carolina the instructions ofthe scotch irish leave no dÂ«>ulÂ»t as to their desires bul the ac tion ofthe frame rs ofthe constitution render il uncertain whether they coincide entirely with the scotch irish the words they adopt ed are ambiguous the truth of the protes tant religion may mean the truth which the protestant religion has hence the roman catholics contended that ihey were not exclu ded lÂ»y this section but the natural express ion for ihis latter indea seems lobe " the truth /'/; lhe protestant religion it is said that an english l rd chancellor has declared it im possible so to word an act of parliament as to prevent ingenious men from driving a coach and four horses through it instructions no 20 ard 21 are substantially embodied in sec tion 34 ol tin constitution which provides " that there shall lie uo establishment of any one religious chinch or denomination in this | stale in preference to any other neither shall j any person on any p.etence whatsoever j be compelled to aitend any place of wor â– ship contrary to his own faith or judgment ; i nor be obliged to pay for the purchase of any j glebe or the building of any house of worship j or for the maintenance of any minister or min | istry contrary to what he believes to be right or has voluntarily and personally engaged to perform ; but all persons shall be at liberlj lo j exercise their own mode of worship provided ihat nothing herein contained shall he construed to exempt preachers of treasonable or seditious discourses from legal trial and punishment another paper has been lately discovered which bears lhe marks of having been submit ted to the action of lhe conference al charlotte iu november 1776 lis hand writing is the same with that of the preceding instructions some extracts from it will be serviceable to place the principles and consislency of conduct ofthe scotch irish in siill stronger light in j reading the papers it should ever be home in mind that they were produced in times that tried men's souls â€” when " an appeal lo arms and to the god of hosts had been made as all , ihat was left lo the inhabitants ol lhe thirteen colonies how clear and sleadfast must have been the vision of their authois ! " after the constitution and form of govern ment shall be agreed upon and eslablished and the general assembly formed ; you shall en deavour thai ihey exercise the law-making ower on the following subjects of legislation viz 1 you shall endeavour to have all vestry laws and marriage ads heretofore in force totally and for ever abolished 7 you shall endeaver to obtain a law to prevent clandestine marriages ; and that gos pel ministers regularly ordained whether by bishops by presbyteries or by associations of regular ministers shall have legal authority to marry after due publication of bans where the i parties reside these laws were obtained and so at their earliest opportunity were secured those objects of the scotch irish for which as petitioners â– they had been " spurned from the foot of the throne command ni 5 is you shall endeavour ; to diminish the fees of clerks in the superior ' and inferior courts and make the fee-bill more perspicuous and free it of all amhigui lies here ihen lhe scotch irish insisted on ! and obtained that redress for which the regu lators made their patriotic but ill limed and unsuccessful effort nor in the midst of their own troubles did lhe scotch irish forjjet the wants of the poor and friendless for they directed 3 you shall endeavour to obtain a law for the relief of the poor when their goods are sold by execution g you shall endeavour lo obtain a law that overseers may be elected annually in every couniy wiih power to provide for the poor 13 you shall endeavour that so much of the j habeas corpus act and the common and statute law heretofore in force and use and ! favourable lo the liberties of the people shall j lÂ»e continued iu force through the stale exclti : ding every idea of kingly office and authority north carolina is remarkable among her sis ter stales of the union for having always had the following among the provisions of her con stitution : â€” sect 41 a school or schools shall he established by the legislature for the convenient instruction ol youth wiih such sala j ries to the masters paid by the public as may enable then to instruct at low prices ; and all j useful learning shall be duly encouraged and ; promoted in one or more universities the j maintenance of a university is therefore as i obligatory on the legislature as is the mainlen j anee of iis judicial or executive departments j in obedience to this section the present uni versity was provided for in 1789 and opened in ; 1795 this creditable provision of our consti ! lution is but another instance of presbyterian attachment to sound and extensive learning â€” the fourth command in the paper now before ! us is " you shall endeavour to obtain a law to ! establish a college in this county and procure a handsone endowment for the same in 1776 the scotch irish did not get what they most wanted ; but the hint they threw out evi dently led to the establishing and ample en dowment of the university of north carolina the scotch irish of north carolina are on re cord as among its earliest most intelligent and firmest friends one of them dr mccorkle preached the sermon at its foundation others have been liberal contributors lo its library and numbers of iheir sons have been educated in its halls in dr foote's sketches of north carolina can be found the story of the efforts which the scotch irish made before the revolu tion to establish a college at charlotte they were disappointed at that time and the disappniniment was the more bitter because , all the incorporated academies in the colony j were placed by law under the control of epis j cnpalians hence the university of north \ carolina mu-t be looked upon as the first re ) ward which they obtained for their praisewor j ihy efforts still later davidson college was ; eslablished in mecklenburg county to complete j their saiisfaclion and to show by its name and j location how much lhe scotch irish of north carolina value the blessings of a sound and religious education * c p late from nicaragua correspondence ofthe new york tribune leon de nicaragua oct 19 1849 gentlemen : i am happy to inform you j that the contract for lhe ship canal across this republic made with mr d l white | of new york as the representative of the j company has been unanimously ratified j by both houses of ihe legislature and has become a law the ratifications will \ be exchanged at lhe city of managua j where lhe members of the government j are residing the treaty of " alliance j friendship commerce navigation and j protection concluded by our minister j mr e g squier has also been approved ; by the chambers without a dissenting voice among either representatives or i senators and to the universal satisfaction of the population i do not know that i can better convey to you an idea of the spirit which ani i mates this government and people than by translating a passage from lhe address j to the chamber of don sebastian salinas the minister of foreign relations â€¢â€¢ the identity of principles and inter j ests between ourselves and the great sis i ter republic ofthe united slates of norlh america must some day unite the two countries in the most intimate bonds of fraternity and mutual advantage the \ american continental spirit cannot be in j different to european pretensions over our territory hence it follows that our re lations with that republic have been i drawn closer by the strongest ties between the two countries both with regard to commercial and political interests to realize this a company of responsible per sons has concluded with our government under the influence of that nation a con j tract for the opening of the inter oceanic ship canal cc you will notice from the above that this government is fully imbued with the idea of entering into more and more intimate relations with the united stales a line of policy which looks lowards the peaceful organization of the entire north ameri can continent into one grand federal un ion a great deal of the talk about man ifest destiny we may safely set down as designed more for selfish than for serious purposes ; but at the same time we must be struck by the providential preparation ol this continent for neutralizing a great end of all the vast movements of the age namely a universal brotherhood of na tions i can also inform you that mr squier has negotiated a treaty with the republic of honduras which has some provisions ol great importance to lhe american lines of steamers in the atlantic and indeed lo our commerce generally this treaty renders every port of honduras perfectly free so far as lhe united stales is con cerned and with a view lo securing these privileges cedes to us for the lime bring the island ol tigre in the gulf ol fonse ca this island commands ihe gull and indeed the whole coast it has been or is speedily to be taken possession of by an american naval force this a great dis appointment to the english who have long bad their eye upon the island and have been intending to seize it under the pretence of indemnifying themselves for debts due british subjects the announce ment of the cession and occupation has made them look foolish as mr squier's circular has excited a good deal of atten tion here among foreigners i subjoin a copy of it : circular legation of the u s in central america leon de nica.agua sept 28 1849 to . sir 1 have the honor to in form you that the island of tigre in the gulf of fonseca has been ceded to the united slates ol north ameiica by the republic of honduras for the time pend ing constitutional action upon an existing convention between the two republics and that accordingly speedy possession will be taken of the same upon behalf of the united slates the existing port and other regulations of the island will be continued until otherwise ordered i have also the honor to add that the u slates has acquired interests in the western isl ands and coast of honduras which will not permit her to look with indifference upon any measures which shall affect the present order of things in that quarter i am sir with high consideration your obedient servant e geo squier there is a little local news here bu siness is dull ; but a great impulse will itissupposed.be given to industry and commerce generally as soon as the works on the ship canal are fairly set on foot a gallant soldier at the funeral honors paid to worth duncan and gates john van buren de livered an oration in which he related the following anecdote of the former while general scott was under char ges by order of general jackson and a court of inquiry was investigating his conduct in florida a party of gentlemen met in this city and after dinner the con versation turned upon tbe subject of scott's services worth indignant at the pro ceeding was describing tbe part which scott look in the battle of niagara he said that scott's brigade were advancing towards evening under lhe cover of a wood from which they were to deploy in to open field ; scott had already had one horse shot under bim and as the column were deploying his second fell and he be came entangled under it the column wavered and worth then his youngest aid rushing to his assistance dismounted and tendered him his horse saying gen eral can you mount the column falters for a leader scott immediately mount ed and riding to the head of the column cried out â€¢ advance men ! tbe night's our own and worth followed scott as his aid on foot at this moment a discharge of grape from a single cannon prostrated scott the horse which he rode and his aid worth scott and worth were im mediately carried lo the rear scott seri ously and worth as it was supposed mor tally wounded attention was of course first paid to the commanding officer after some time a deep groan was heard appa rently from the adjoining tent and scott with that forgetlulness of himself which distinguishes him on such occasions beg ged the surgeon to repair to the quarter whence the sound proceeded and attend as he said to poor worth who must be dying instead of this as worth conclu ded ' the cry of agony proceeded from my faithful dying charger who had managed to drag himself upon three legs to the edge of my tent where he had lain down to die pausing for a moment while there was hardly a dry eye in the company he added â€” â€¢! beg your pardon gentlemen i find that in defending gen scott i have been incidentally led to describe my own service the dreadful murder in connecticut the correspondent of the boston trav eller writing from new haven gives the following report of a tr*"|\l in that city : the trial of henry l foote for mur der which took place in this city last week excited unusual interest in consequence of the unprovoked atrocity of his crimes this brutal murder was another of lhe countless tragedies of rum i have sel dom seen a person who seemed so com pletely demented and embruted as did this foote he manifested the most stupid indifferences at the trial when the bloody garments were brought into court as proof of bis guilt he coolly took them up one by one and examined them wiih the appearance of the greatest indifler . ence from the evidence offered in court it appeared that on the 14th of september lasl in nortbford a few miles east of new j haven miss emily cooper a girl of 12 ; years of age left the house of mrs foote 'â– mother of tbe prisoner for the purpose of going to school less than a half mile dis | tant as she was passing through adei.se | wood where one could not be seen for j several rods from any house foote met . her led her aside from tbe road attempt ! ed to violate her person and then mur dered her by culling ber throat in the evening of tbe same day after gelling again inspired with lhe spirit off a demon at the village rum shop be reel ed home bereft ot reason and murdered his own mother her anxious inquiries about the missing emily were answered wiih fatal blows which she survived but a few hours after an absence of a few minutes on ly the jury brought in a verdict of mur der in lhe first degree there was one affecting circumstance connected wiih this transaction it was the last day of the school emily was to receive a prize as a testimonial ol her good deportment and scholarship in ac knowledgment of the present and as an expression of her gratitude to her teacher emily had written out the following beau tiful verses supposed by her friends to be original rut whether original or not it seems as a sort of presentiment of her sad fate forget me not forget me not ! what a varied feeling these little magic words impart absence and love at once revealing ; they sadden while they sooihe the heart forget me not ! whatever woes in life's precarious path beset me ; they'll sullen if afi'aclion knows that those i love tv.il not forget me your affectionate friend and pupil emily h cooper g smith the paper on which these lines were penned was ornamented by two flowers neatly painted by herself little did she think how soon that appeal would come to her iriends " forget me not these verses were placed in her dinner basket i which together with her bonnet and par j asol were found in good order near the bead of the murdered girl insanity â€” miss dix the distinguished philanthropist in a memorial to congress by which she asks a gram of land for the i benefit of the insane in our country shows that in the new england states the pro portion ol the insane to the whole popu lation is about 1 in 000 ; that in the mid dle states it is i in 900 ; and that in the western states it is 1 in 1300 the worst state is rhode island where there is 1 to ] every 503 ; and the best south carolina j where there is 1 to every 6,15s in some < of ihese slates there is comparatively ex cellent provision for the insane ; but in \ others little or nothing has been done the banter it was a cold winter night in the west ' many years ago and a small party were j silting around the bright blazing fire in a j little country tavern the only one the town boasted of when lhe landlord was suddenly aroused by a knocking at the i door and a loud hallo here as soon as lhe door was unbarred a stoat young man entered buttoned up in a brown over coat with a fur cap booted and spurred wiih a riding cap in bis baud * lodgings for tbe night said he to the landlord and have my horse well fed then approaching the tire he spread him self and lapping bis boots with his whip gave a supercilious look upon tbe mule knot ot men around who had made way for him devilish cold night said he unbutton j ing his coal : why don't you have more wood on here 4 that was a great shot of billy robin's yesterday said an old man in tbe corner peering over his spectacles at the stran ! ger : ' he shot an indian at two hundred j and thirty yards 4 that was pretty fair said the stran â€¢ ger ' but i'll bet ten dollars that i can out ! shoot out ride out wrestle out run or whip any body about your diggings no one replied to this banter and at j last the old man who stood about six feet j ; high said â€¢ we don't fight much about here stran ger except with indians but as you ap j ' pear keen for a bet i'll bet you ten dollars i that i can beat you spilling at a mark at the distance ol six leet 4 done said the stranger i'll take lhe bet and the money was forthwith put up tbe distance measured off and a cross made on the floor with a piece of chalk ; for a target 4 well go on said the old man ; your first spit | the stranger took his position and cal j culating the distance with his eye to the mark spit within an inch of ibe chalk Â« cross ' well beat that said he with a i look of triumph , ' that's just what i'm going to do said | 1 tbe old man ; and taking his place fixed his specs firmly on his nose knelt upon ! his knees and stretching out his hands as far as he could he leaned over and spit plumb on the cross 4i rather think i drove the centre that time said the old man resuming his feet ; while the party round who had been watching the sport now roared with laughter the old man quietly pocketed the stakes while the stranger with a grave yard countenance simply remarked ' is that the way you do things here .'* and retired to his lodgings m de tocqueville and mr clayton more of the french quarrel â€” accor ding to tbe washington correspondent of the n york herald m de tocqueville does not take mr clayton's reproof kindly we gather as follows the french minister has sir.ee lhe pub lished correspondence written a leiter to our secretary of state in reply lo lhe let ter of mr clayton to the french minister in which our secreterv took occasion to admonish ibe government of france that the united stales were competent to lake care of themselves and their own dignity as a nation without lhe gratuit ous ad'ice which m de tocqueville con descended ogive to our secretary l state m de tocqueville il i said . demands <>! ibe secretary ol stair to retract modify or apologist in le-p ei lo 1 1 1 Â« - utfensive expressions in bi very independent letter to france he further states ibat sever al cabinet meetings bad been held at washington mr clayton was disposed to compromise but thai general taylor who never surrenders protested against the secretary abandoning bis position â€” and the question being taken ibe cabinet unanimously resolved lhai no retraction modification or apology for the letter shall be made mr ill ves reception will be delayed till lhe answer to the demand of m de tocqueville is received tbe next steamer will take out general tay lor's emphatic reply and tbe next bring back mr rives what the next step will be depends upon circumstances both lhe \. york courier and tribune also supply us with rather dark bints from washington in ibis matter tbe letter of alpha in the tribune ofthe i2lh inst says : i am apprehensive for reasons that it is unnecessary to enumerate ibat the aspect of our relations with france is not so pacific as it was when lhe steamer pre vious to the last two led europe what i mean is that there is more ol a disposi tion manifested by the french government according to last advices to be dissatisfied and find fault than there is any reason or plausible pretext for of course we do not know what degree of confidence to put in all bis to the contrary of one portion of it at least â€” the reception of mr rives â€” letters from paris intimate that mr rives will be received in paris that he has bad one or two in terviews with the president and m de toqueville and since those interviews he has rented a capacious hotel belonging to tbe duchess de marmier for tbe term of three years which certainly does not look like fear on bis part of the result â€” baltimore sun the whirlpool the voyager enters a current which seems propitious there is no apparanl di version irom his course his bark speeds well bis oar does not toil nor bis sail strain in bis confidence all promises suc cess but while he examines scarcely docs it seem that he has advanced much again and again reminds him of what he has noticed just before a strange famil iarity impresses his sense still current flows into current while onward and buo yant is bis track soon be feels an un natural vibration where be glided he now whirls along the truth seizes him he is sweeping a whirlpool long since be lias entered tbe verge of a niealstrorn arid be is now the spot t ol its gyrations â€” no power is left bis helm or mast ; be is the trembling unresisting prey 11 hears the roar he is drawn into lhe suck ol ibe vortex not only lhe circle lessen the very surface slopes tbe central funnel and al.}>s dark-heaving vinous yawns the mariner shrieks ihe skill is swallow ed up where ibe waleis only separate lo close where outermost attraction was but tbe minister to the famine of ibis devour ing maw this is dr hamilton's discretion of a whirlpool o bow exactly does il depict the course ol the unhappy drunkard â€” thus does be enter scarce knowing tbe deceitful current and ere be is aware of it be is swollowed up arid lost forever â€” o that we could impress our outhlul rea ders with the belief that the first rounds are made while they are joung and that even more rapidly than tbe ears roll round do they sail this awful circuit and plunge in the dread abyss let us beware ol the first wrong direc tion of thought and feeling however min ute lhe deg.ee ; learlul may be lhe alter deviai ions â€” journal soda coffee the flavor of coftee may be very much improved by adding forty or fifty grains of carbonate of soda lo each pound of roa-ted coffee in addition to improving the flavor the soda makes the coffee more wholesome as il neutralizes the acid contained iu the infusion new york election from the few returns received this slate in its recent election for members ofthe legisla ture and slate officers with the exception of governor seems to have gone for the whigs in the city lhe whig majority is over 2000 so much for democralic and abolition coali lion then what a rebuke new jersey whig by a handsome majori n the legislature *

' of the watchman rir subscription per year two dol_a*s-pÂ»r i advance but if not paid in advance 1 wo dollars a . r"_2 a-ise en nation court Â«*Â£*Â»Â£ 25 ner ct higher than these rates a liberal detluc tion to those who advertise by the year letters to the editors rnusi be po pa,a from the presbyterian the scotch-irish of north carolina concluded the first constitution of the state of north carolina was discussed and adopted at halilax ; north carolina in tbe winter of 1776 77 i â– remained unchanged until 1835 and at that i time was the only constitution among lhe u gc.,es which had been set forth by the fathers of the revolution the changes which were made in 1835 did noi al all affect its fundamen | al principles they altered only the means j by which those principles were manifested this long continuance of an instrument adopt | et in lhe midst of our revolutionary troubles j clear evinces lhe wisdom of iis provisions â€” their favourableness to liberty and religion â€” | we have now lhe means of showing ihat lhe scotch irish of north carolina were not a , tthii behind the foremost in proposing and es tshlisbing those provisions the evidence has been concealed for many years bul now lhai , u is discovered il is irrefragable it is con tamed in a paper whose body is in lhe hand j writing of waightstill avery with marginal j corrections and interlineations in a different i hand this paper seems lo have been the j original draught of the propositions submitted i to the consideration of the convention to which i il refers for on iis margin ihe word " reject j td is written af_.-iii.--i someof its articles the i true history of north carolina is yet lobe writ ten and to i's writer the whole of this paper will be of ihe highest value having but li.ni , ted room he will extract only those suggestions j which are of the most impo.lance and of the i most general interest lhai the readers of the ; presb\ierian mav again be assured that pies ; byterianism is profitable for very many excel j lent things ' ata eneral conference of the inhabitants of meck lenburg county assembled ai the court house on : lhe is day of november 177u for the express pur [ pose of drawing up instructions for the present re ' presentatives in congress the following were a j greed to hy the assent of the people present and j ordered to he sinned hy chairman chosen to preside for the day in said conference to waightstill avery hezekiah alexander john phifer kobert erwin and zacheus wilson es quires : gentlemen â€” you are chosen by the inhabi j tants ol this couniy lo serve ihem in congress | or general assembly for one year ; and they ! have agreed lo the following instructions which you are to observe with the stricter regard j viz you are instructed 1 that you shall assent to and approve the declaration of the continental congress de | lari ihe thirteen colonies free and indepen j deal slates 2 that you shall endeavour lo establish a fee government under the authority of the peo pie in the siaie ol north carolina and that the : govern men i be a simple democracy or as near : ii a possible 3 thai in fixing the fundamental principles ! of government you shall oppose every thing tha leans to aristocracy or power in the hands ot the rich and chief men exercized to ihe oppression ol lhe poor 4 that you shall endeavour that the form of government shall set forth a bill of rights con laming lhe rights of lhe people and of individu als which shall never be infringey iu and fu , lure time l>y the law linking power or other derived powers in lhe stale 5 thai you shall endeavour that lhe follow j ing maxims be substantially acknowledged in the bill of rights viz isi political power is of two kinds one piu.cipal and supreme ; the other derived and inferior d the principal supreme power is pos sessed by lhe people at large ; lhe derived aud inferior power l>y the servants whom ihey cm ' ploy 3d whatever persons are delegated cho ; sen employed and intrusted by the people are iheir servants ; and can possess only derived inferior power 4ih whatever is instituted and ordained by the principal supreme power cannot be altered suspended or abrogated l>y any other power but the same powei hat ordained may aller suspend and abrogate iis own ordinances 5ih the rules whereby the derived inferior power is lo tie exercised are to be constituted hy lhe principal supreme power andean be al red suspended and abrogated by lhe same mid no oiher 6ih no authority can exist or be exercised liul what shall appear lo be ordained and crea i'd hy the principal supreme power ; or by a derived inferior power which the principal su preme power hath auihorized to cieale such authority 7lh that lhe derived inferior power can by bo construction or prelence assume or exercise Â» power to subvert lhe principal supreme pow er 6th thai you shall endeavour lhe govern fnenl shall be so formed thai the derived infe rior power shall be divided into three branch ct distinct from each other viz the power of making laws ; the power of executing laws : and ihe power of judging ih the law-making power shall have full aÂ»d ample authority for the good of the people to provide legal remedies for all evils and abu ses ihat may arise it lhe slate the execu tive power shall have authority to apply the le gal remedies ; when the judging power shall we ascerlained where and upon what indi duals the remedies ought to be applied *-â€¢ ou shall endeavor thai iu lhe original constitution of lhe government now to be form u tbe authority of officers possessing any branch of derived power shall be restrained fÂ°r example â€” â€¢; lhe law-making power shall be restrain ' '" all future lime from making any altera ll0n n the form of goveijupent * * * . Â°- lou shall endeavour mat i rials by jury a je for ever had and used in iheir utmost 9 you shall endeavour that any person . Â° li;tll hereafter profess himself to be an a "â€¢â– or deny the being of god ; or shall de m r blaspheme any one of the persons ofthe i u iiiity ; or shall deny the divine authori julÂ»t as to their desires bul the ac tion ofthe frame rs ofthe constitution render il uncertain whether they coincide entirely with the scotch irish the words they adopt ed are ambiguous the truth of the protes tant religion may mean the truth which the protestant religion has hence the roman catholics contended that ihey were not exclu ded lÂ»y this section but the natural express ion for ihis latter indea seems lobe " the truth /'/; lhe protestant religion it is said that an english l rd chancellor has declared it im possible so to word an act of parliament as to prevent ingenious men from driving a coach and four horses through it instructions no 20 ard 21 are substantially embodied in sec tion 34 ol tin constitution which provides " that there shall lie uo establishment of any one religious chinch or denomination in this | stale in preference to any other neither shall j any person on any p.etence whatsoever j be compelled to aitend any place of wor â– ship contrary to his own faith or judgment ; i nor be obliged to pay for the purchase of any j glebe or the building of any house of worship j or for the maintenance of any minister or min | istry contrary to what he believes to be right or has voluntarily and personally engaged to perform ; but all persons shall be at liberlj lo j exercise their own mode of worship provided ihat nothing herein contained shall he construed to exempt preachers of treasonable or seditious discourses from legal trial and punishment another paper has been lately discovered which bears lhe marks of having been submit ted to the action of lhe conference al charlotte iu november 1776 lis hand writing is the same with that of the preceding instructions some extracts from it will be serviceable to place the principles and consislency of conduct ofthe scotch irish in siill stronger light in j reading the papers it should ever be home in mind that they were produced in times that tried men's souls â€” when " an appeal lo arms and to the god of hosts had been made as all , ihat was left lo the inhabitants ol lhe thirteen colonies how clear and sleadfast must have been the vision of their authois ! " after the constitution and form of govern ment shall be agreed upon and eslablished and the general assembly formed ; you shall en deavour thai ihey exercise the law-making ower on the following subjects of legislation viz 1 you shall endeavour to have all vestry laws and marriage ads heretofore in force totally and for ever abolished 7 you shall endeaver to obtain a law to prevent clandestine marriages ; and that gos pel ministers regularly ordained whether by bishops by presbyteries or by associations of regular ministers shall have legal authority to marry after due publication of bans where the i parties reside these laws were obtained and so at their earliest opportunity were secured those objects of the scotch irish for which as petitioners â– they had been " spurned from the foot of the throne command ni 5 is you shall endeavour ; to diminish the fees of clerks in the superior ' and inferior courts and make the fee-bill more perspicuous and free it of all amhigui lies here ihen lhe scotch irish insisted on ! and obtained that redress for which the regu lators made their patriotic but ill limed and unsuccessful effort nor in the midst of their own troubles did lhe scotch irish forjjet the wants of the poor and friendless for they directed 3 you shall endeavour to obtain a law for the relief of the poor when their goods are sold by execution g you shall endeavour lo obtain a law that overseers may be elected annually in every couniy wiih power to provide for the poor 13 you shall endeavour that so much of the j habeas corpus act and the common and statute law heretofore in force and use and ! favourable lo the liberties of the people shall j lÂ»e continued iu force through the stale exclti : ding every idea of kingly office and authority north carolina is remarkable among her sis ter stales of the union for having always had the following among the provisions of her con stitution : â€” sect 41 a school or schools shall he established by the legislature for the convenient instruction ol youth wiih such sala j ries to the masters paid by the public as may enable then to instruct at low prices ; and all j useful learning shall be duly encouraged and ; promoted in one or more universities the j maintenance of a university is therefore as i obligatory on the legislature as is the mainlen j anee of iis judicial or executive departments j in obedience to this section the present uni versity was provided for in 1789 and opened in ; 1795 this creditable provision of our consti ! lution is but another instance of presbyterian attachment to sound and extensive learning â€” the fourth command in the paper now before ! us is " you shall endeavour to obtain a law to ! establish a college in this county and procure a handsone endowment for the same in 1776 the scotch irish did not get what they most wanted ; but the hint they threw out evi dently led to the establishing and ample en dowment of the university of north carolina the scotch irish of north carolina are on re cord as among its earliest most intelligent and firmest friends one of them dr mccorkle preached the sermon at its foundation others have been liberal contributors lo its library and numbers of iheir sons have been educated in its halls in dr foote's sketches of north carolina can be found the story of the efforts which the scotch irish made before the revolu tion to establish a college at charlotte they were disappointed at that time and the disappniniment was the more bitter because , all the incorporated academies in the colony j were placed by law under the control of epis j cnpalians hence the university of north \ carolina mu-t be looked upon as the first re ) ward which they obtained for their praisewor j ihy efforts still later davidson college was ; eslablished in mecklenburg county to complete j their saiisfaclion and to show by its name and j location how much lhe scotch irish of north carolina value the blessings of a sound and religious education * c p late from nicaragua correspondence ofthe new york tribune leon de nicaragua oct 19 1849 gentlemen : i am happy to inform you j that the contract for lhe ship canal across this republic made with mr d l white | of new york as the representative of the j company has been unanimously ratified j by both houses of ihe legislature and has become a law the ratifications will \ be exchanged at lhe city of managua j where lhe members of the government j are residing the treaty of " alliance j friendship commerce navigation and j protection concluded by our minister j mr e g squier has also been approved ; by the chambers without a dissenting voice among either representatives or i senators and to the universal satisfaction of the population i do not know that i can better convey to you an idea of the spirit which ani i mates this government and people than by translating a passage from lhe address j to the chamber of don sebastian salinas the minister of foreign relations â€¢â€¢ the identity of principles and inter j ests between ourselves and the great sis i ter republic ofthe united slates of norlh america must some day unite the two countries in the most intimate bonds of fraternity and mutual advantage the \ american continental spirit cannot be in j different to european pretensions over our territory hence it follows that our re lations with that republic have been i drawn closer by the strongest ties between the two countries both with regard to commercial and political interests to realize this a company of responsible per sons has concluded with our government under the influence of that nation a con j tract for the opening of the inter oceanic ship canal cc you will notice from the above that this government is fully imbued with the idea of entering into more and more intimate relations with the united stales a line of policy which looks lowards the peaceful organization of the entire north ameri can continent into one grand federal un ion a great deal of the talk about man ifest destiny we may safely set down as designed more for selfish than for serious purposes ; but at the same time we must be struck by the providential preparation ol this continent for neutralizing a great end of all the vast movements of the age namely a universal brotherhood of na tions i can also inform you that mr squier has negotiated a treaty with the republic of honduras which has some provisions ol great importance to lhe american lines of steamers in the atlantic and indeed lo our commerce generally this treaty renders every port of honduras perfectly free so far as lhe united stales is con cerned and with a view lo securing these privileges cedes to us for the lime bring the island ol tigre in the gulf ol fonse ca this island commands ihe gull and indeed the whole coast it has been or is speedily to be taken possession of by an american naval force this a great dis appointment to the english who have long bad their eye upon the island and have been intending to seize it under the pretence of indemnifying themselves for debts due british subjects the announce ment of the cession and occupation has made them look foolish as mr squier's circular has excited a good deal of atten tion here among foreigners i subjoin a copy of it : circular legation of the u s in central america leon de nica.agua sept 28 1849 to . sir 1 have the honor to in form you that the island of tigre in the gulf of fonseca has been ceded to the united slates ol north ameiica by the republic of honduras for the time pend ing constitutional action upon an existing convention between the two republics and that accordingly speedy possession will be taken of the same upon behalf of the united slates the existing port and other regulations of the island will be continued until otherwise ordered i have also the honor to add that the u slates has acquired interests in the western isl ands and coast of honduras which will not permit her to look with indifference upon any measures which shall affect the present order of things in that quarter i am sir with high consideration your obedient servant e geo squier there is a little local news here bu siness is dull ; but a great impulse will itissupposed.be given to industry and commerce generally as soon as the works on the ship canal are fairly set on foot a gallant soldier at the funeral honors paid to worth duncan and gates john van buren de livered an oration in which he related the following anecdote of the former while general scott was under char ges by order of general jackson and a court of inquiry was investigating his conduct in florida a party of gentlemen met in this city and after dinner the con versation turned upon tbe subject of scott's services worth indignant at the pro ceeding was describing tbe part which scott look in the battle of niagara he said that scott's brigade were advancing towards evening under lhe cover of a wood from which they were to deploy in to open field ; scott had already had one horse shot under bim and as the column were deploying his second fell and he be came entangled under it the column wavered and worth then his youngest aid rushing to his assistance dismounted and tendered him his horse saying gen eral can you mount the column falters for a leader scott immediately mount ed and riding to the head of the column cried out â€¢ advance men ! tbe night's our own and worth followed scott as his aid on foot at this moment a discharge of grape from a single cannon prostrated scott the horse which he rode and his aid worth scott and worth were im mediately carried lo the rear scott seri ously and worth as it was supposed mor tally wounded attention was of course first paid to the commanding officer after some time a deep groan was heard appa rently from the adjoining tent and scott with that forgetlulness of himself which distinguishes him on such occasions beg ged the surgeon to repair to the quarter whence the sound proceeded and attend as he said to poor worth who must be dying instead of this as worth conclu ded ' the cry of agony proceeded from my faithful dying charger who had managed to drag himself upon three legs to the edge of my tent where he had lain down to die pausing for a moment while there was hardly a dry eye in the company he added â€” â€¢! beg your pardon gentlemen i find that in defending gen scott i have been incidentally led to describe my own service the dreadful murder in connecticut the correspondent of the boston trav eller writing from new haven gives the following report of a tr*"|\l in that city : the trial of henry l foote for mur der which took place in this city last week excited unusual interest in consequence of the unprovoked atrocity of his crimes this brutal murder was another of lhe countless tragedies of rum i have sel dom seen a person who seemed so com pletely demented and embruted as did this foote he manifested the most stupid indifferences at the trial when the bloody garments were brought into court as proof of bis guilt he coolly took them up one by one and examined them wiih the appearance of the greatest indifler . ence from the evidence offered in court it appeared that on the 14th of september lasl in nortbford a few miles east of new j haven miss emily cooper a girl of 12 ; years of age left the house of mrs foote 'â– mother of tbe prisoner for the purpose of going to school less than a half mile dis | tant as she was passing through adei.se | wood where one could not be seen for j several rods from any house foote met . her led her aside from tbe road attempt ! ed to violate her person and then mur dered her by culling ber throat in the evening of tbe same day after gelling again inspired with lhe spirit off a demon at the village rum shop be reel ed home bereft ot reason and murdered his own mother her anxious inquiries about the missing emily were answered wiih fatal blows which she survived but a few hours after an absence of a few minutes on ly the jury brought in a verdict of mur der in lhe first degree there was one affecting circumstance connected wiih this transaction it was the last day of the school emily was to receive a prize as a testimonial ol her good deportment and scholarship in ac knowledgment of the present and as an expression of her gratitude to her teacher emily had written out the following beau tiful verses supposed by her friends to be original rut whether original or not it seems as a sort of presentiment of her sad fate forget me not forget me not ! what a varied feeling these little magic words impart absence and love at once revealing ; they sadden while they sooihe the heart forget me not ! whatever woes in life's precarious path beset me ; they'll sullen if afi'aclion knows that those i love tv.il not forget me your affectionate friend and pupil emily h cooper g smith the paper on which these lines were penned was ornamented by two flowers neatly painted by herself little did she think how soon that appeal would come to her iriends " forget me not these verses were placed in her dinner basket i which together with her bonnet and par j asol were found in good order near the bead of the murdered girl insanity â€” miss dix the distinguished philanthropist in a memorial to congress by which she asks a gram of land for the i benefit of the insane in our country shows that in the new england states the pro portion ol the insane to the whole popu lation is about 1 in 000 ; that in the mid dle states it is i in 900 ; and that in the western states it is 1 in 1300 the worst state is rhode island where there is 1 to ] every 503 ; and the best south carolina j where there is 1 to every 6,15s in some < of ihese slates there is comparatively ex cellent provision for the insane ; but in \ others little or nothing has been done the banter it was a cold winter night in the west ' many years ago and a small party were j silting around the bright blazing fire in a j little country tavern the only one the town boasted of when lhe landlord was suddenly aroused by a knocking at the i door and a loud hallo here as soon as lhe door was unbarred a stoat young man entered buttoned up in a brown over coat with a fur cap booted and spurred wiih a riding cap in bis baud * lodgings for tbe night said he to the landlord and have my horse well fed then approaching the tire he spread him self and lapping bis boots with his whip gave a supercilious look upon tbe mule knot ot men around who had made way for him devilish cold night said he unbutton j ing his coal : why don't you have more wood on here 4 that was a great shot of billy robin's yesterday said an old man in tbe corner peering over his spectacles at the stran ! ger : ' he shot an indian at two hundred j and thirty yards 4 that was pretty fair said the stran â€¢ ger ' but i'll bet ten dollars that i can out ! shoot out ride out wrestle out run or whip any body about your diggings no one replied to this banter and at j last the old man who stood about six feet j ; high said â€¢ we don't fight much about here stran ger except with indians but as you ap j ' pear keen for a bet i'll bet you ten dollars i that i can beat you spilling at a mark at the distance ol six leet 4 done said the stranger i'll take lhe bet and the money was forthwith put up tbe distance measured off and a cross made on the floor with a piece of chalk ; for a target 4 well go on said the old man ; your first spit | the stranger took his position and cal j culating the distance with his eye to the mark spit within an inch of ibe chalk Â« cross ' well beat that said he with a i look of triumph , ' that's just what i'm going to do said | 1 tbe old man ; and taking his place fixed his specs firmly on his nose knelt upon ! his knees and stretching out his hands as far as he could he leaned over and spit plumb on the cross 4i rather think i drove the centre that time said the old man resuming his feet ; while the party round who had been watching the sport now roared with laughter the old man quietly pocketed the stakes while the stranger with a grave yard countenance simply remarked ' is that the way you do things here .'* and retired to his lodgings m de tocqueville and mr clayton more of the french quarrel â€” accor ding to tbe washington correspondent of the n york herald m de tocqueville does not take mr clayton's reproof kindly we gather as follows the french minister has sir.ee lhe pub lished correspondence written a leiter to our secretary of state in reply lo lhe let ter of mr clayton to the french minister in which our secreterv took occasion to admonish ibe government of france that the united stales were competent to lake care of themselves and their own dignity as a nation without lhe gratuit ous ad'ice which m de tocqueville con descended ogive to our secretary l state m de tocqueville il i said . demands <>! ibe secretary ol stair to retract modify or apologist in le-p ei lo 1 1 1 Â« - utfensive expressions in bi very independent letter to france he further states ibat sever al cabinet meetings bad been held at washington mr clayton was disposed to compromise but thai general taylor who never surrenders protested against the secretary abandoning bis position â€” and the question being taken ibe cabinet unanimously resolved lhai no retraction modification or apology for the letter shall be made mr ill ves reception will be delayed till lhe answer to the demand of m de tocqueville is received tbe next steamer will take out general tay lor's emphatic reply and tbe next bring back mr rives what the next step will be depends upon circumstances both lhe \. york courier and tribune also supply us with rather dark bints from washington in ibis matter tbe letter of alpha in the tribune ofthe i2lh inst says : i am apprehensive for reasons that it is unnecessary to enumerate ibat the aspect of our relations with france is not so pacific as it was when lhe steamer pre vious to the last two led europe what i mean is that there is more ol a disposi tion manifested by the french government according to last advices to be dissatisfied and find fault than there is any reason or plausible pretext for of course we do not know what degree of confidence to put in all bis to the contrary of one portion of it at least â€” the reception of mr rives â€” letters from paris intimate that mr rives will be received in paris that he has bad one or two in terviews with the president and m de toqueville and since those interviews he has rented a capacious hotel belonging to tbe duchess de marmier for tbe term of three years which certainly does not look like fear on bis part of the result â€” baltimore sun the whirlpool the voyager enters a current which seems propitious there is no apparanl di version irom his course his bark speeds well bis oar does not toil nor bis sail strain in bis confidence all promises suc cess but while he examines scarcely docs it seem that he has advanced much again and again reminds him of what he has noticed just before a strange famil iarity impresses his sense still current flows into current while onward and buo yant is bis track soon be feels an un natural vibration where be glided he now whirls along the truth seizes him he is sweeping a whirlpool long since be lias entered tbe verge of a niealstrorn arid be is now the spot t ol its gyrations â€” no power is left bis helm or mast ; be is the trembling unresisting prey 11 hears the roar he is drawn into lhe suck ol ibe vortex not only lhe circle lessen the very surface slopes tbe central funnel and al.}>s dark-heaving vinous yawns the mariner shrieks ihe skill is swallow ed up where ibe waleis only separate lo close where outermost attraction was but tbe minister to the famine of ibis devour ing maw this is dr hamilton's discretion of a whirlpool o bow exactly does il depict the course ol the unhappy drunkard â€” thus does be enter scarce knowing tbe deceitful current and ere be is aware of it be is swollowed up arid lost forever â€” o that we could impress our outhlul rea ders with the belief that the first rounds are made while they are joung and that even more rapidly than tbe ears roll round do they sail this awful circuit and plunge in the dread abyss let us beware ol the first wrong direc tion of thought and feeling however min ute lhe deg.ee ; learlul may be lhe alter deviai ions â€” journal soda coffee the flavor of coftee may be very much improved by adding forty or fifty grains of carbonate of soda lo each pound of roa-ted coffee in addition to improving the flavor the soda makes the coffee more wholesome as il neutralizes the acid contained iu the infusion new york election from the few returns received this slate in its recent election for members ofthe legisla ture and slate officers with the exception of governor seems to have gone for the whigs in the city lhe whig majority is over 2000 so much for democralic and abolition coali lion then what a rebuke new jersey whig by a handsome majori n the legislature *