Chapter 7 Intro to Routing & Switching.  Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:  Explain the need for the transport layer.  Identify.

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 7 Intro to Routing & Switching.  Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:  Explain the need for the transport layer.  Identify."— Presentation transcript:

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Chapter 7 Intro to Routing & Switching

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 Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:  Explain the need for the transport layer.  Identify the role of the transport layer as it provides the end-to-end transfer of data between applications.  Describe the role of two TCP/IP transport layer protocols: TCP and UDP.  Explain the key functions of the transport layer, including reliability, port addressing, and segmentation.  Explain how TCP and UDP each handle key functions.  Identify when it is appropriate to use TCP or UDP and provide examples of applications that use each protocol.

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 Each protocol does its’ own job  IP addresses & routes data Doesn’t say how it is transported  Different applications use different protocols for transport of the data  How data is sent/exchanged  TCP or UDP

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 Words split to send  Dest. reassembles the words  Words may arrive out of order  Sequence #’s help re-order into sentence

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 What is the PDU of the Transport Layer?  Segment  What helps put a TCP segmented message back in order at the destination?  Sequence numbers  Which Layer 4 protocol could deliver data with errors or not be delivered at all?  UDP  How is TCP able to establish a connection?  3-way handshake

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 When sending a web page, which Layer 4 protocol would be used?  TCP  In the same scenario as above, what would happen if the destination did not receive an ACK after sending data?  It would re-send just that segment  Which layer 4 protocol is able to deliver data quickly?  UDP

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7.1.2

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 Connection-oriented  Sends acknowledgements  Like tracking a FedEx delivery  Breaks messages into small segments  If sender doesn’t get an ACK of message received, it retransmits  Only portion lost is resent  On receiving host, TCP reassembles data  FTP & HTTP are examples of protocols using TCP

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 What significance does the ACK# have?  It’s the next expected byte number  Sequence # received PLUS 1  When a conversation is ready to end, nothing more is being sent, what flag gets sent?  FIN  What are 2 protocols that use TCP?  HTTP & FTP  Explain flow control.  Adjusting the amount/flow of data being sent/received

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 You have many conversations at the same time  Web   DHCP  VoIP  Video streaming  Transport Layer tracks each one

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 All of those conversations come out as one stream of data  Example: your streaming video coming in does not take up the entire connection  Multiplexing (sending)  Demultiplexing (receiving)  This is what it does…………………………………

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In this chapter, you learned:  The role of the Transport layer is to provide three main functions: multiplexing, segmentation and reassembly, and error checking.  These functions are necessary in order to address issues in quality of service and security on networks.  Knowing how TCP and UDP operate and which popular applications use each protocol will allow the implementation of quality of service and build more reliable networks.  Ports provide a “tunnel” for data to get from the Transport layer to the appropriate application at the destination.