Of the 39 people who died in the assault, at least 27 were foreigners – a reflection of the nightclub’s cosmopolitan appeal.

Among the dead were an Israeli woman, three Indians, three Lebanese, a French-Tunisian woman and her Tunisian husband, a Belgian national, a Kuwaiti citizen, a Canadian, a Syrian, three Iraqis, a Libyan, two Moroccans, a Russian and at least five Saudis, according to those countries' foreign ministries and media reports.

Jordan's Foreign Ministry earlier said three of its citizens had been killed, but revised that to two, saying there was confusion over the nationality of one victim.

Justin Trudeau, Canada's Prime Minister, condemned the attack and mourned the death of a Canadian woman.

“We grieve the senseless loss of a Canadian citizen and remain steadfast in our determination to work‎ with allies and partners to fight terrorism and hold perpetrators to account,” he said.

The daughter of a member of Lebanon’s parliament, Estephan El Douaihy, was wounded, according to Lebanon's foreign ministry.

Stephenie Deek, a Lebanese citizen living in Istanbul, said her friend’s husband, Haykal Moussallem, was among the dead.

Mr Moussallem, a 35-year-old Lebanese tourist, was visiting Istanbul with his wife. They were married only five months ago. Ms Deek said that the couple wanted to attend a New Year’s party, and their hotel had suggested the Reina to them.

“He had gone to the toilet and his wife was waiting at a table when it happened,” Ms Deek said. “His wife couldn’t find him and ran; she’s safe. We don’t know how he died, all we know is he’s dead.”

A 19-year-old Israeli Arab woman, Leanne Nasser, was killed and a friend she had been celebrating with was injured. They were from the Arab-majority town of Tira in northern Israel.

Five of the victims were identified as Turkish, including a taxi driver who had transported party goers to the venue and several of the nightclub’s staff.

One of them, Hatice Karcilar, 27, a mother of a three-year-old girl, was a private security guard working at the club.