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Contents

Definition/Description

The Trendelenburg test is a quick physical examination that can assist the therapist to assess for any hip dysfunction.[1]

A positive Trendelenburg test usually indicates weakness in the hip abductor muscles: gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.[1] These findings can be associated with various hip abnormalities such as congenital hip dislocation, rheumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis.[1][2]

Positive and negative Trendelenburg test

A positive test is one in which the pelvis drops on the contralateral side during a single leg stand on the affected side. This can also be identified during gait: compensation occurs by side flexing the trunk towards the involved side during stance phase on the affected extremity.[3]

Clinically relevant anatomy

Gluteus medius and minimus are the primary abductors of the hip. When fully weight baring they act to abduct the femur away from the mid-line of the body and provide stability of the hip and pelvis.[4]

Purpose

The purpose of the Trendelenburg Test is to identify weakness of the hip abductors.[1]

Beside the identification of weakness in the hip abductors of the standing leg, the Trendelenburg test can be used to assess other mechanical, neurological or spinal disorders, such as the Congenital dislocation of the hip or hip subluxation.[1][2][5][6]

Technique

The patient is asked to stand on one leg for 30 seconds without leaning to one side the patient can hold onto something if balance is an issue. The therapist observes the patient to see if the pelvis stays level during the single-leg stance. A positive Trendelenburg Test is indicated if during unilateral weight bearing the pelvis drops toward the unsupported side[7][1].

A Trendelenburg gait can also be observed caused by abductor insufficiency and is characterized by:

Pelvic drop in swing phase

Trunk side flexion towards the stance limb

Hip adduction during stance phase.

Clinical bottom line

The Trendelenburg test alone cannot diagnose hip conditions such as osteoarthritis or hip instability[8]. It has been shown to be more effective when part of a battery of tests such as hand dynamometry and observation to help assess hip abductor strength[11]. It is a quick, easy test that can help identify functional weakness in standing position.

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