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The Liikanen Group recommends that banks engaged in significant high-risk trading activities should be required to integrate these into a separate legal and economic entity within the banking group. How does this affect European banks and customers?

In our final economic update of this year, we present our regional outlooks for next year. While we generally expect a fragile economic recovery, some regions are particularly exposed to the euro area debt crisis or an unresolved US fiscal cliff.

UK's GDP was boosted by temporary factors in 12Q3. Output is expected to contract in 12Q4. The improvement in the labour market is slowing down. Inflation is expected to fall less rapidly, which will be an extra headwind for households in 2013.

After the pickup in 12K3, several indicators point to a deterioration of economic activity in 12K4. For 2013 domestic demand is expected to remain weak amid large tax hikes, which will be imposed on both households and businesses.