What follows is a very geeky answer, so you can stop now unless you're really interested to know all the geeky detail.

A card is the term given for a word or phrase in the context of moving through the system of boxes.

All cards start off as "unstarted". This is like a box of unlimited size labelled "unstarted". This starting box can even be thought of as box zero (indeed in the program it is implemented as box 0), but the website calls it "unstarted cards" which is hopefully a little less intimidating. There are 10 other boxes labelled from box 1 to box 10.

Each box has a target maximum number of cards which the box can contain. As the levels get higher, the maximum number of cards get greater. This, together with the other rules below, ensures that as cards go up the levels they are asked less and less often.

The size of the boxes is as follows:

Box

Maximum Size

1

3

2

6

3

12

4

25

5

50

6

100

7

200

8

400

9

600

10

unlimited

The card to select next is chosen by the strict application of the following rules:

Starting from box 1 and moving up to box 10, is the box full? If so, take the front card in the box.

If no card has yet been selected from any of the 10 boxes (because none was full), and if there are any cards in the "unstarted" box, take one at random from there, place it at the back of box 1, and repeat this selection process (box 1 may now be full).

If none of the boxes 1 to 10 are full, and there are no cards in the "unstarted" box, select the card which has not been asked for the longest period of time compared with all the other cards in these boxes.