Objectives Postpartum depression impacts 6.5-12.9% of U.S. women. Postpartum depression is associated with impaired bonding and development, marital discord, suicide, and infanticide. However, the current standard of care is to not screen women for postpartum depression. This study modeled the cost-effectiveness of physicians screening for and treating postpartum depression and psychosis in partnership with a psychiatrist. Methods This study follows a hypothetical cohort of 1000 pregnant women experiencing one live birth over a 2-year time horizon...

This paper reviews the frequency of suicide and filicide in a literature of over 4000, and personal series of 321, childbearing psychoses. Suicide is rare during the acute episode, but the rate is high later in the mother's life and in first degree relatives. The filicide rate is high in depressive psychoses (4.5 %), but lower in episodes without overt depression (less than 1 %), and some of these appear to be accidental, without intent to kill.

In addition to bipolar cycloid episodes, infective delirium and eclamptic psychosis, each of which has characteristic clinical features and course, brief episodes of delirium and stupor are also seen in the immediate aftermath of parturition. Several mothers have had similar episodes developing later in the first 10 days, and some have cyclical disorders with an unusual time base. Bipolar/cycloid disorders can start on day 1 or even earlier.

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiologists have explored the relationship between maternal postnatal depression (PND) and the intelligence quotient (IQ) of the resulting offspring, but the results remain inconclusive. This study aims to analyze the literature regarding the association between maternal PND and a child's IQ. DATA SOURCES: A search of articles in PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE databases from inception to September 2015 was conducted and supplemented by a manual search of relevant reference lists...

Historically endocrinologists and psychiatrists are aware that disturbances in thyroid disease in beginning or even in clinically intensified states of thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism exhibit pathological mental manifestations, masking or potentiating the underlying disease. Immune system disorders cause thyroid organ-specific autoimmune process. This autoimmune thyroid disease binds with a number of disorders in both endocrine or non-endocrine organs. This appears in vascular, neurological, skin, connective tissue, gastrointestinal tract and mental pathology...

Postpartum psychosis (PP) is a severe psychiatric disorder affecting a small proportion of new mothers shortly after childbirth. The molecular pathophysiology underlying the disorder is currently poorly understood, and there are no amenable animal models for the condition; maternal deficiency for the enzyme steroid sulfatase has been proposed as a potential risk mechanism. Here we show that inhibition of steroid sulfatase with 667-COUMATE (10mg/kg p.o.) in new mouse mothers results in behavioural abnormalities that can be partially alleviated by the administration of the clinically-efficacious antipsychotic ziprasidone (0...

Bipolar disorders, and other psychoses, are known to be triggered by a number of agents apart from the reproductive process. In some women, pregnant or recently delivered, psychosis may be due to these alternative triggers. There are substantial numbers of mothers suffering from childbearing psychoses, who have been prescribed bromocriptine or steroids, have had surgical operations or developed thyrotoxicosis. It is best to eliminate these episodes and cases from study samples of puerperal psychosis.

It has been known since the eighteenth century that postpartum psychoses can begin several weeks after childbirth, not during the first fortnight. There are almost 400 non-organic episodes in the literature, starting more than 3 weeks after the birth; some of them are recurrent. The distinction of this disorder from early onset puerperal psychosis is supported by the distribution of onsets (which shows a steep fall after 14-15 days), survey data and the association with later pregnancies, not the first. Marcé believed that these late onsets were related to the resumption of menstruation...

OBJECTIVE: Postpartum psychosis is an acute and severe mood disorder. Although the prognosis is generally good, postpartum psychosis is a highly stressful life-event presumed to have a major impact on functioning and well-being beyond the acute stage of the illness. We studied functional recovery, including psychosocial functioning and the presence of psychological distress, in patients with a recent diagnosis of postpartum psychosis. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with postpartum psychosis consecutively admitted for inpatient hospitalization between 2005 and 2011 were assessed 9 months postpartum...

OBJECTIVE: Psychosis or mania after childbirth is a psychiatric emergency with risk for suicide and infanticide. METHOD: The authors reviewed the epidemiologic and genetic research and physiological postpartum triggers (endocrine, immunological, circadian) of psychosis. They also summarized all systematic reviews and synthesized the sparse clinical studies to provide diagnostic recommendations, treatment options, and strategies for prevention. RESULTS: The incidence of first-lifetime onset postpartum psychosis/mania from population-based register studies of psychiatric admissions varies from 0...

Perinatal period may pose a great challenge for the clinical management and treatment of psychiatric disorders in women. In fact, several mental illnesses can arise during pregnancy and/or following childbirth. Suicide has been considered a relatively rare event during the perinatal period. However, in some mental disorders (i.e., postpartum depression, bipolar disorder, postpartum psychosis, etc.) have been reported a higher risk of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or suicide. Therefore, a complete screening of mothers' mental health should also take into account thoughts of suicide and thoughts about harming infants as well...

BACKGROUND: A range of psychological disorders occur in women in the postpartum period apart from the traditional blues, postpartum depression and psychosis. These include obsession of infanticide, PTSD, morbid preoccupations regarding child birth and disorders of mother-infant relationships, though they are under emphasized. METHODS: it is a cross-sectional study conducted in the tertiary maternity care hospital. A total of 152 study subjects were interviewed on MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory) and GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning) within 2 weeks after delivery...

AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of men during their partner's admission to a Mother and Baby Unit for first episode postpartum psychosis. BACKGROUND: Postpartum psychosis can be life-changing for women, however little is known about the impact on their partners or their partners' needs. DESIGN: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach was used to analyse interview transcripts. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven participants...

Rapid correction of hyponatremia is a well-known cause of central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. But uncommonly seen and rarely reported in Hypernatraemia. We report a rare case presenting as postpartum psychosis, wherein imaging revealed myelinolysis of corticospinal tracts in wine glass distribution and empty delta sign due to cortical venous thrombosis. At follow-up 3 months later, revealed significant neurological improvement. Concurrance occurrence of this dual pathology is not been described, which in our case was due to high serum sodium levels at presentation and dehydration...

BACKGROUND: Women with bipolar disorder are at increased risk of postpartum psychosis. Adverse childhood life events have been associated with depression in the postpartum period, but have been little studied in relation to postpartum psychosis. In this study we investigated whether adverse childhood life events are associated with postpartum psychosis in a large sample of women with bipolar I disorder. METHODS: Participants were 432 parous women with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder recruited into the Bipolar Disorder Research Network (www...

BACKGROUND: Migrant women are at risk of perinatal mental disorders due to stressors experienced before, during and after migration. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the prevalence, associated factors and interventions for perinatal mental disorders in migrant women from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). SEARCH STRATEGY: We systematically searched nine electronic databases and the grey literature using a predefined search strategy...

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that D2 receptor agonists commonly used postpartum for the physiological suppression of lactation, such as bromocriptine and cabergoline, may increase the risk of illness onset or relapse in women where there is a predisposition for or history of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or postpartum psychosis. This is based on two lines of reasoning: current models of psychosis assume episodes are triggered by dysregulation of brain dopaminergic activity and treated by medications that universally have D2 receptor antagonist properties; and limited research suggesting these agents may be associated with psychotic episodes in vulnerable individuals outside of the postpartum period...