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The city of Sacramento is piloting digital license plates on a couple dozen of its electric cars, and the potential benefits of the dynamic new devices are many, including safety, diagnostics and public information.

SACRAMENTO, Calif. — The digital license plate on display outside Sacramento City Hall on Monday does a lot of things other technology can already do. It allows drivers — or, in the case of the city, fleet managers — to renew their registration online, a feature the state Department of Motor Vehicles already offers. It allows the city to see where its vehicles have been and how many miles they’ve traveled. It can access the car’s computer, just like any device that can plug into an OBDII port.

But there are a few new things the plates are bringing to the table, Sacramento Chief Innovation Officer Louis Stewart told reporters at a press conference Monday morning. Using the same kind of display found in popular e-readers, they can show customized messages at a moment’s notice, and they give the city a platform with which to test a few key ideas that will become more important in the coming years.

A big one is the city’s upcoming deployment of 5G. Starting this summer, Sacramento will become the first city in the country to have a functional, commercially available 5G connectivity network. The digital plates, which the city will put on 35 all-electric Chevy Bolt fleet cars, will give the city a chance to test that network.

That’s a big part of the reason Reviver Auto, the company that makes the plates, chose Sacramento as the first city in the country to try them out, said Stewart.

It will also give Sacramento a chance to test some of the ways it might use technology to help ease self-driving vehicles into the existing road network.

“We’re looking at the possibility of setting a standard of communications protocols around autonomous cars, so that as autonomous cars are rolling around the city, we can actually track and trace them and figure out if they’re performing well or not,” Stewart said. “We can make sure that people behind the cars understand what the autonomous car is going to do, so we’re entering into the human-robot interaction piece.”

That’s an idea companies like Google and Nissan have been thinking about for a while now. In 2015, for example, Nissan published some concept footage of an autonomous car telling a pedestrian to go ahead and cross the street in front of it. A digital plate could do the same thing, or communicate information to a driver who's following a self-driving car.

Sacramento Mayor Darrell Steinberg said the plates could also become something like mobile message boards for the city’s purposes.

“When it comes to privacy, it’s all opt-in by the consumer. If you don’t want a message on your digital license plate, it won’t be on your digital license plate. But for the city vehicles, we want important city information for our residents to be ubiquitous, as many places as it can be, including the digital license plates for city vehicles,” Steinberg said. “These messages could be displayed when the cars are stopped. The plates can be used, for example, to display Amber Alerts, or indicate that a driver needs help, or that a car is stolen.”

Finally, the plates could also help the city — and the state, in fact — work on an alternative to the gas tax. Since transportation revenue largely relies on gas tax revenue, electric-vehicle drivers are essentially “free riders,” meaning they use government programs and infrastructure without paying for them. To resolve that, California and other states have begun testing ways to charge drivers based on how much they drive instead of how much fuel they buy.

First, he said, encryption is built into the devices from the ground up, making it harder to effectively hack the digital plates and the systems they work with.

Second, consumers choose who gets their data, and the company doesn’t sell it.

“Think of us more like Apple, less like Facebook,” Boston said. “We don’t make our money off [selling data]. We build a product we think people want to have, and they’ll come to that product for that reason.”

That’s not to say it would be entirely private. If a court issued a warrant for data generated by a digital plate, the company might be legally compelled to hand it over.

But Boston’s not too worried about that.

“I think if we had a warrant, that’s something that could happen, but you know honestly I think that the information they could get off a cellphone would be a lot better and a lot richer than what they would get off our plates,” he said.

Sacramento has the plates on 24 vehicles so far, and will deploy 11 more as its order of Chevy Bolts is fulfilled.