The article presents a case of rheumatic chorea, rheumatic encephalitis with trochaic hyperkinesia syndrome, the main features of which are the absence of cardiac and articular syndromes and a lack of activity in biochemical analyses and the general analysis of blood, except for a moderate increase in ESR. The specifics of the disease and its atypical character caused a delay in clinical diagnosis at the place of residence. The article reviews the modern concepts on etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic and treatment techniques for rheumatic chorea.