a. are released from G cells in the stomach
b. are released from I cells in the duodenum
c. are members of the secretin-homologous family
d. have 5 identical C-terminal amino acids
e. have 90% homology of their amino acids

Which of the following is transported in intestinal epithelial cells by a Na-dependent cotransport process?

A patient with severe Crohn's disease has been unresponsive to drug therapy and undergoes ileal resection. After the surgery, he will have steatorrhea because

a. the liver bile acid pool increases
b. chylomicrons do not form in the intestinal lumen
c. micelles do not form in the intestinal lumen
d. dietary triglycerides cannot be digested
e. the pancreas does not secrete lipase

a. it has a higher Cl- conc. than does plasma
b. it is stimulated by the presence of HCO3 in the duodenum
c. Pancreatic HCO3- secretion is increased by gastrin
d. Pancreatic enzyme secretion is increased by CCK
e. it is hypotonic

Which of the foll. substances must be further digested before it can be absorbed by specific carries in intestinal cells?

a. mixes the food bolus
b. is coordinated by the CNS
c. involves contracton of smooth muscle behind and in front of the food bolus
d. involves contraction of smooth muscle behind the food bolus and relaxation of smooth muscle in front of the bolus
e. involves relaxation of smooth muscle simultaneously throughout the small intestine

A patient with a duodenal ulcer is treated successfully with the drug cimetidine. The basis for cimetidine's inhibition of gastric H+ secretion is that it

a) The food bolus is propelled down the esophagus by segmentation movements.
b) The pH of saliva rises as its rate of secretion increases.
c) Swallowing is a purely voluntary activity.
d) Hormones are more important than nerves in the regulation of salivary secretion.

Regarding the control of gastric secretion:

a) Gastric acid is secreted by parietal cells of the gastric glands in response to hormonal stimulation.
b) Most of the acid and pepsinogen secreted by the stomach occurs during the intestinal phase of gastric secretion.
c) Gastric secretion does not begin until food enters the stomach.
d) Secretin secreted by the duodenum stimulates gastric secretion.

Regarding gastric motility:

a) Gastric emptying is inhibited by the enterogastric reflex.
b) The antral region of the stomach is important for the storage of food.
c) Contractions of the stomach wall do not begin until food enters the stomach.
d) The contractions of the stomach depend on activity in the vagus nerve.

Regarding pancreatic secretion:

a) Pancreatic secretion is inhibited by gastrin secreted by the G cells of the antrum.
b) Pancreatic acinar cells contain trypsin.
c) Cholecystokinin inhibits secretion from the exocrine pancreas.
d) The introduction of acid into the duodenum stimulates pancreatic secretion.

Regarding the bile:

a) Bile is diluted in the gall bladder.
b) Bile salts are hydrophobic molecules.
c) Most bile salts are absorbed in the terminal ileum.
d) Bile salts are the breakdown products of hemoglobin.

Regarding digestion and absorption by the small intestine:

a) Intestinal digestive enzymes are secreted by cells of the crypts of Lieberkuhn.
b) About half of the digested carbohydrate is absorbed in the small intestine.
c) Small peptides are absorbed in the small intestine.
d) The liver is the first organ to receive the digestion products of dietary fats.

Regarding gastro-intestinal function:

a) The presence of large amounts of fat in the chyme will accelerate gastric emptying.
b) Distension of the ileum stimulates gastric motility.
c) Total gastrectomy leads to malabsorption of vitamin B12.
d) Aldosterone inhibits the absorption of sodium and water by the large intestine.