1.
Antarctica
–
It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres, it is the fifth-largest continent, for comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km in thickness, Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is a desert, with precipitation of only 200 mm along the coast. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C, though the average for the quarter is −63 °C. Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra. The continent, however, remained neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment, lack of easily accessible resources. In 1895, the first confirmed landing was conducted by a team of Norwegians, Antarctica is a de facto condominium, governed by parties to the Antarctic Treaty System that have consulting status. Twelve countries signed the Antarctic Treaty in 1959, and thirty-eight have signed it since then, the treaty prohibits military activities and mineral mining, prohibits nuclear explosions and nuclear waste disposal, supports scientific research, and protects the continents ecozone. Ongoing experiments are conducted by more than 4,000 scientists from many nations, the name Antarctica is the romanised version of the Greek compound word ἀνταρκτική, feminine of ἀνταρκτικός, meaning opposite to the Arctic, opposite to the north. Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c.350 B. C, marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A. D. Before acquiring its present geographical connotations, the term was used for locations that could be defined as opposite to the north. For example, the short-lived French colony established in Brazil in the 16th century was called France Antarctique, the first formal use of the name Antarctica as a continental name in the 1890s is attributed to the Scottish cartographer John George Bartholomew. Antarctica has no population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has credited with popularising the transfer of the name Terra Australis to Australia. Cook came within about 120 km of the Antarctic coast before retreating in the face of ice in January 1773. The first confirmed sighting of Antarctica can be narrowed down to the crews of ships captained by three individuals, according to various organisations, ships captained by three men sighted Antarctica or its ice shelf in 1820, von Bellingshausen, Edward Bransfield, and Nathaniel Palmer

2.
Antarctic Convergence
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Antarctic waters predominantly sink beneath subantarctic waters, while associated zones of mixing and upwelling create a zone very high in marine productivity, especially for Antarctic krill. This line, like the Arctic tree line, is a natural rather than an artificial one like a line of latitude. It not only separates two hydrological regions, but also areas of distinctive marine life associations and of different climates. There is no Arctic equivalent, due to the amount of surrounding the northern polar region. The Antarctic Convergence was first crossed by Anthony de la Roché in 1675, although this zone is a mobile one, it usually does not stray more than half a degree of latitude from its mean position. The precise location at any place and time is made evident by the sudden drop in sea water temperature from north to south of

3.
Antarctic
–
The Antarctic is a polar region, specifically the region around the Earths South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises in the sense the continent of Antarctica. The region covers some 20% of the Southern Hemisphere, of which 5. 5% is the area of the Antarctic continent itself. All of the land and ice shelves south of 60°S latitude are administrated under the Antarctic Treaty System, in a biogeographic sense, the Antarctic ecozone is one of eight ecozones of the Earths land surface. Most of the Antarctic region is situated south of 60°S latitude parallel, there are only two species of flowering plant, Antarctic hair grass and Antarctic pearlwort, but a range of mosses, liverworts, lichens and macrofungi. The first Antarctic land discovered was the island of South Georgia, the first human born in the Antarctic was Solveig Gunbjørg Jacobsen born on 8 October 1913 in Grytviken, South Georgia. However, the region is visited by more than 40,000 tourists annually, the definitive results of the conference was presented at the Antarctic Treaty states meeting in Uruguay in May 2010. The Antarctic hosts the worlds largest protected area comprising 1.07 million km2, the South Georgia, because Antarctica surrounds the South Pole, it is theoretically located in all time zones. For practical purposes, time zones are based on territorial claims or the time zone of a stations owner country or supply base. Antarctic Circle History of Antarctica Krupnik, Igor, Michael A. Lang, smithsonian at the Poles, Contributions to International Polar Year Science

4.
Subantarctic
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The Subantarctic is a region in the southern hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° – 60° south of the Equator, the subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean, especially those situated north of the Antarctic Convergence. Subantarctic glaciers are, by definition, located on islands within the subantarctic region, all glaciers located on the continent of Antarctica are by definition considered to be Antarctic glaciers. The subantarctic region comprises two zones and three distinct fronts. The northernmost boundary of the region is the rather ill-defined Subtropical Front. To the south of the STF is a zone, the Subantarctic Zone. South of the SAZ is the Subantarctic Front, South of the SAF is another marine zone, called the Polar Frontal Zone. The SAZ and the PFZ together form the subantarctic region, the southernmost boundary of the PFZ is the Antarctic Convergence, located approximately 200 kilometers south of the Antarctic Polar Front. The ACC is the most important ocean current in the Southern Ocean, flowing eastward through the southern portions of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, the ACC links these three otherwise separate oceanic basins. Extending from the sea surface to depths of 2000–4000 meters, and with a width of as great as 2000 kilometers, the ACC carries up to 150 Sverdrups, equivalent to 150 times the volume of water flowing in all the worlds rivers. The ACC and the global thermohaline circulation strongly influence regional and global climate as well as underwater biodiversity, the halothermal circulation is that portion of the global ocean circulation that is driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and evaporation. Several distinct water masses converge in the vicinity of the APF or Antarctic Convergence. This convergence creates an environment, noted for its very high marine productivity. Because of this, all lands and waters situated south of the Antarctic Convergence are considered to belong to the Antarctic from a climatological, biological and hydrological standpoint. However, the text of the Antarctic Treaty, article VI states, therefore, Antarctica is defined from a political standpoint as all land and ice shelves south of 60°S latitude. Because they are located far to the north of the Antarctic Convergence and have a temperate climate. The geography of islands is characterized by tundra, with some trees on Snares. These islands are all located near the Antarctic Convergence and are considered to be subantarctic islands

5.
Islands
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An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, an island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands is called an archipelago, an island may be described as such, despite the presence of an artificial land bridge, examples are Singapore and its causeway, and the various Dutch delta islands, such as IJsselmonde. There are two types of islands in the sea, continental and oceanic. The word island derives from Middle English iland, from Old English igland, Old English ieg is actually a cognate of Swedish ö and German Aue, and related to Latin aqua. There is a difference between islands and continents in terms of geology, continents sit on continental lithosphere which is part of tectonic plates floating high on Earths mantle. Oceanic crust is also part of tectonic plates, but it is denser than continental lithosphere, Islands are either extensions of the oceanic crust or geologically they are part of some continent sitting on continental lithosphere. This holds true for Australia, which sits on its own continental lithosphere, continental islands are bodies of land that lie on the continental shelf of a continent. A special type of island is the microcontinental island, which is created when a continent is rifted. Examples are Madagascar and Socotra off Africa, the Kerguelen Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, another subtype is an island or bar formed by deposition of tiny rocks where water current loses some of its carrying capacity. While some are transitory and may disappear if the volume or speed of the current changes, others are stable, oceanic islands are islands that do not sit on continental shelves. The vast majority are volcanic in origin, such as Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean, the few oceanic islands that are not volcanic are tectonic in origin and arise where plate movements have lifted up the ocean floor above the surface. Examples are Saint Peter and Paul Rocks in the Atlantic Ocean, one type of volcanic oceanic island is found in a volcanic island arc. These islands arise from volcanoes where the subduction of one plate under another is occurring, examples are the Aleutian Islands, the Mariana Islands, and most of Tonga in the Pacific Ocean. The only examples in the Atlantic Ocean are some of the Lesser Antilles, another type of volcanic oceanic island occurs where an oceanic rift reaches the surface. There are two examples, Iceland, which is the second largest volcanic island, and Jan Mayen. A third type of oceanic island is formed over volcanic hotspots. A hotspot is more or less stationary relative to the tectonic plate above it

6.
Antarctic Treaty System
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For the purposes of the treaty system, Antarctica is defined as all of the land and ice shelves south of 60°S latitude. The treaty was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War, the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat headquarters have been located in Buenos Aires, Argentina, since September 2004. The main treaty was opened for signature on December 1,1959, the original signatories were the 12 countries active in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year of 1957–58. These countries had established over 50 Antarctic stations for the IGY, the treaty was a diplomatic expression of the operational and scientific cooperation that had been achieved on the ice. Pursuant to Article 1, the treaty forbids any measures of a military nature and it prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific. A sixth annex on liability arising from environmental emergencies was adopted in 2005, the Antarctic Treaty Systems yearly Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings are the international forum for the administration and management of the region. Only 29 of the 53 parties to the agreements have the right to participate in decision-making at these meetings, as of 2015, there are 53 states party to the treaty,29 of which, including all 12 original signatories to the treaty, have consultative status. Consultative members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory, the 46 non-claimant nations either do not recognize the claims of others, or have not stated their positions. Note, The table can be sorted alphabetically or chronologically using the icon, ** Reserved the right to claim areas. The Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in Buenos Aires, Argentina in September 2004 by the Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, jan Huber served as the first Executive Secretary for five years until August 31,2009. He was succeeded on September 1,2009, by Manfred Reinke, facilitating the exchange of information between the Parties required in the Treaty and the Environment Protocol. Collecting, storing, arranging and publishing the documents of the ATCM, providing and disseminating public information about the Antarctic Treaty system and Antarctic activities. Antarctica currently has no permanent population and therefore it has no citizenship nor government, all personnel present on Antarctica at any time are citizens or nationals of some sovereignty outside Antarctica, as there is no Antarctic sovereignty. The majority of Antarctica is claimed by one or more countries, the area on the mainland between 90 degrees west and 150 degrees west is the only major land on Earth not claimed by any country. Until 2015 the interior of the Norwegian Sector, the extent of which had never officially defined, was considered to be unclaimed. That year, Norway formally laid claim to the area between its Queen Maud Land and the South Pole, governments that are party to the Antarctic Treaty and its Protocol on Environmental Protection implement the articles of these agreements, and decisions taken under them, through national laws. The Antarctic Treaty is often considered to represent an example of the heritage of mankind principle. According to Argentine regulations, any crime committed within 50 kilometers of any Argentine base is to be judged in Ushuaia, in the part of Argentine Antarctica that is also claimed by Chile and UK, the person to be judged can ask to be transferred there

7.
Antipodes Islands
–
The Antipodes Islands are inhospitable volcanic islands in subantarctic waters to the south of — and territorially part of — New Zealand. They lie 860 kilometres to the southeast of Stewart Island/Rakiura, the island group consists of one main island, Antipodes Island, of 20 km2 area, Bollons Island to the north, and numerous small islets and stacks. Ecologically, the islands are part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, the islands are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, together with other subantarctic New Zealand islands. The island group is a reserve and there is no general public access. The word antipodes derives from the Greek, ἀντίποδες, plural of antipous with feet opposite, from anti- opposed, the island group was originally called the Penantipodes meaning next to the antipodes, because it lies near to the antipodes of London. Over time the name has shortened to Antipodes leaving some to suppose its European discoverers had not realised its global location. In fact, the islands antipodes are situated on the territory of the French village Gatteville-le-Phare, the volcanic Antipodes Islands lie 860 kilometres southeast of Stewart Island/Rakiura. They consist of an island, area 20 km2, surrounded by a series of small offshore islands. Numerous small islets and stacks surround the coast of the main island. The islands are steep, and cliffs and rocky reefs line the majority of the coasts, the highest point is Mount Galloway at 366 m in the north of the main island, which also forms part of the groups most recently active volcano. Mount Waterhouse, to Galloways southwest, also reaches over 360 m, several other heights on the main island reach above 200 m, as does the highest point of Bollons Island. A ridge of peaks, the Reliance Ridge, runs along the islands south cast. The Ringdove Stream runs east along the flanks of the Reliance Ridge to reach the large. There is no evidence of human visitation prior to European discovery of the islands. The island group was first charted in 1800 by Captain Henry Waterhouse of the British ship HMS Reliance, bass sailed from Sydney to the south that year and was never heard of again but his information led to a sealing boom at the islands in 1805 to 1807. Prominent Sydney merchants such as Simeon Lord, Henry Kable and James Underwood were engaged in the trade as well as the Americans Daniel Whitney and Owen Folger Smith. William W. Stewart, who claimed to have charted Stewart Island, after 1807, sealing was occasional and cargoes small, no doubt because the animals had been all but exterminated. A much later attempt to establish cattle on the islands was short-lived, the depot was found and used by the crew of the French barque President Felix Faure, wrecked in Anchorage bay in 1908, who were stranded for sixty days until rescued by HMS Pegasus

8.
New Zealand
–
New Zealand /njuːˈziːlənd/ is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses—the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu—and around 600 smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000 kilometres south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia, Fiji, because of its remoteness, it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans. During its long period of isolation, New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal, fungal, the countrys varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks, such as the Southern Alps, owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions. New Zealands capital city is Wellington, while its most populous city is Auckland, sometime between 1250 and 1300 CE, Polynesians settled in the islands that later were named New Zealand and developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand, in 1840, representatives of Britain and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi, which declared British sovereignty over the islands. In 1841, New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire, today, the majority of New Zealands population of 4.7 million is of European descent, the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pacific Islanders. Reflecting this, New Zealands culture is derived from Māori and early British settlers. The official languages are English, Māori and New Zealand Sign Language, New Zealand is a developed country and ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as health, education, economic freedom and quality of life. Since the 1980s, New Zealand has transformed from an agrarian, Queen Elizabeth II is the countrys head of state and is represented by a governor-general. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes, the Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau, the Cook Islands and Niue, and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealands territorial claim in Antarctica. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Pacific Islands Forum, and Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation. Dutch explorer Abel Tasman sighted New Zealand in 1642 and called it Staten Landt, in 1645, Dutch cartographers renamed the land Nova Zeelandia after the Dutch province of Zeeland. British explorer James Cook subsequently anglicised the name to New Zealand, Aotearoa is the current Māori name for New Zealand. It is unknown whether Māori had a name for the country before the arrival of Europeans. Māori had several names for the two main islands, including Te Ika-a-Māui for the North Island and Te Waipounamu or Te Waka o Aoraki for the South Island. Early European maps labelled the islands North, Middle and South, in 1830, maps began to use North and South to distinguish the two largest islands and by 1907, this was the accepted norm. The New Zealand Geographic Board discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised and this set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu

9.
Antipodes Island
–
The Antipodes Islands are inhospitable volcanic islands in subantarctic waters to the south of — and territorially part of — New Zealand. They lie 860 kilometres to the southeast of Stewart Island/Rakiura, the island group consists of one main island, Antipodes Island, of 20 km2 area, Bollons Island to the north, and numerous small islets and stacks. Ecologically, the islands are part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, the islands are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, together with other subantarctic New Zealand islands. The island group is a reserve and there is no general public access. The word antipodes derives from the Greek, ἀντίποδες, plural of antipous with feet opposite, from anti- opposed, the island group was originally called the Penantipodes meaning next to the antipodes, because it lies near to the antipodes of London. Over time the name has shortened to Antipodes leaving some to suppose its European discoverers had not realised its global location. In fact, the islands antipodes are situated on the territory of the French village Gatteville-le-Phare, the volcanic Antipodes Islands lie 860 kilometres southeast of Stewart Island/Rakiura. They consist of an island, area 20 km2, surrounded by a series of small offshore islands. Numerous small islets and stacks surround the coast of the main island. The islands are steep, and cliffs and rocky reefs line the majority of the coasts, the highest point is Mount Galloway at 366 m in the north of the main island, which also forms part of the groups most recently active volcano. Mount Waterhouse, to Galloways southwest, also reaches over 360 m, several other heights on the main island reach above 200 m, as does the highest point of Bollons Island. A ridge of peaks, the Reliance Ridge, runs along the islands south cast. The Ringdove Stream runs east along the flanks of the Reliance Ridge to reach the large. There is no evidence of human visitation prior to European discovery of the islands. The island group was first charted in 1800 by Captain Henry Waterhouse of the British ship HMS Reliance, bass sailed from Sydney to the south that year and was never heard of again but his information led to a sealing boom at the islands in 1805 to 1807. Prominent Sydney merchants such as Simeon Lord, Henry Kable and James Underwood were engaged in the trade as well as the Americans Daniel Whitney and Owen Folger Smith. William W. Stewart, who claimed to have charted Stewart Island, after 1807, sealing was occasional and cargoes small, no doubt because the animals had been all but exterminated. A much later attempt to establish cattle on the islands was short-lived, the depot was found and used by the crew of the French barque President Felix Faure, wrecked in Anchorage bay in 1908, who were stranded for sixty days until rescued by HMS Pegasus

10.
Auckland Islands
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

11.
Adams Rocks, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

12.
Amherst Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

13.
Archer Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

14.
Auckland Island
–
Auckland Island is the main island of the Auckland Islands, an uninhabited archipelago in the south Pacific Ocean belonging to New Zealand. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, a channel known as Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the smaller Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, Adams Island. 3 km north of Carnley Harbours mouth lies Cape Lovitt, the westernmost point of New Zealand, there are introduced Auckland Island pig, cats and mice are present on the island. By the 1970s, only one remained, a group of about 100 based on the northwest side of Port Ross. In 1986 and 1987, over 60 animals were removed from the island for breeding in New Zealand. A decision was made to eradicate the remaining animals, an operation which was completed by 1992, an investigation in 1999 into the fate of the translocated animals in New Zealand found that the breed had become extinct. The 1955 film The Sea Chase has a German merchant ship fleeing from British, the ship stops at Auckland Island to take victuals from the rescue station. A pro-Nazi officer shoots the three castaway fishermen he finds there, following which time another ship locates the corpses and chases the German ship, the plot is inspired on the trip of Norddeutscher Lloyd steamer Erlangen. Composite Antarctic Gazetteer List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands List of islands of New Zealand New Zealand subantarctic islands SCAR Territorial claims in Antarctica

15.
Beacon Rock, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

16.
Blanche Rock, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

17.
Chapel Rock, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

18.
Column Rocks, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

19.
Compadre Rock, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

20.
Davis Island, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

21.
Disappointment Island, New Zealand
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Disappointment Island is one of seven uninhabited islands in the Auckland Islands archipelago. It is 8 kilometres from the northwest end of Auckland Island and 290 kilometres south of New Zealand and it is home to a colony of white-capped albatrosses. About 65,000 pairs – nearly the entire world population – nest there, also on the island is the Auckland rail, endemic to the archipelago, once thought to be extinct, it was rediscovered in 1966. On 14 May 1866, the General Grant, a ship of 1,103 tons. Fifteen survivors made their way to the island, where they waited eighteen months for rescue, on 7 March 1907, the Dundonald, a steel, four-masted barque, sank after running ashore on the west side of Disappointment Island. Twelve men drowned and sixteen survivors waited seven months for rescue and they survived on supplies from the castaway depot on Auckland Island. Composite Antarctic Gazetteer List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands List of islands of New Zealand New Zealand subantarctic islands Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research

22.
Dundas Island, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

23.
Enderby Island (New Zealand)
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Enderby Island is part of the Auckland Islands archipelago in New Zealand. It is situated just off the tip of Auckland Island. Evidence has been found of Polynesian settlement in the 13th and 14th centuries and this was at Sandy Bay, in a sheltered and relatively less inhospitable location, accessible to seal colonies. On 20 March 1887, the Derry Castle, an iron barque registered in Boston, Massachusetts, the ship was en route from Geelong, Victoria to Falmouth, Cornwall and was manned by a crew of twenty-three. It carried one passenger and a cargo of wheat, the Derry Castle was owned by P. Richardson & Co. and was under the command of Captain J. Goffe. The surviving members of the Derry Castle crew found a castaway depot at Sandy Bay on Enderby Island and they proceeded to construct some further crude shelters around this depot. On a cliff overlooking the water, they buried the bodies of their crew members that had washed ashore. The grave was marked with the ships figurehead, after 192 days the Derry Castle was officially posted as missing by Lloyds of London. On 21 September 1887, a 45-ton steamer, the Awarua, arrived in Hobsons Bay, Victoria, on board the Awarua were the remaining eight survivors from the Derry Castle. The Derry Castle grave site was maintained for years by the New Zealand government until it sank into the ground. However, during World War II, the figurehead was resurrected by coastwatchers stationed on the islands in the Cape Expedition programme, the figurehead can now be viewed at the Canterbury Museum in Christchurch. In its place, a tombstone now marks the site of the sailors graves, Enderby Island was cleared of introduced species, such as cattle, pig, rabbit and rat in 1994, and by 2015 the abundance of wildlife was notable compared with Auckland Island. Other fauna include the brown skua, New Zealand pipit, New Zealand sea lion, northern giant petrel, dominant vegetation include rata forest and megaherbs such as the Campbell Island carrot. A distinct variety of rabbit lived on Enderby Island, rabbits are not indigenous to the island, their ancestors were brought from Australia in October 1865 to serve as food for shipwreck survivors. Following their introduction, the population was isolated for almost 130 years, the rabbits were eradicated from the island in the early 1990s, though some were rescued and the breed survives in captivity. Enderby Island rabbits are predominantly silver-grey in colour but a recessive gene ensures that a percentage is cream or beige. As with rabbits, cattle were introduced to Enderby Island in the late 19th century, shorthorn cattle were brought to the island by whalers in 1894 where they proceeded to survive on kelp and other island flora, becoming a distinctive wild variety. By the mid-1980s, the cattle had nearly denuded Enderby Island of its growth, in response, efforts were made to eradicate cattle on the island

24.
Fabulous Island, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

25.
Figure of Eight I, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

26.
Five Sisters Rock, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

27.
Frenchs Island, New Zealand
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

28.
Friday Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

29.
Green Island (Auckland Islands)
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

30.
Invercauld Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

31.
Lantern Rocks, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

32.
Masked Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

33.
Monumental Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

34.
Ocean Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

35.
Pinnacle Rocks, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

36.
Shag Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

37.
Shoe Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

38.
Sugar Loaf Rocks, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

39.
Yule Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion, along with other New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands, they were designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1998. They include Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands are close to each other, separated by narrow channels, and the coastline is rugged, with numerous deep inlets. Auckland Island, the island, has an approximate land area of 510 km2. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of 26 km. Here, the channel of Carnley Harbour separates the main island from the roughly triangular Adams Island. The channel is the remains of the crater of a volcano, and Adams Island. The main island features many sharply incised inlets, notably Port Ross at the northern end, the group includes numerous other smaller islands, notably Disappointment Island and Enderby Island, each covering less than 5 km2. Most of the islands originated volcanically, with the archipelago dominated by two 12 million year old Miocene volcanoes, subsequently eroded and dissected and these rest on older volcanic rocks 15-25 million years old with some older granites and fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks from around 100 million years ago. The archipelago features an oceanic climate. The Auckland Islands have a constant cool & mild weather year-round. Evidence exists that Polynesian voyagers first discovered the Auckland Islands, traces of Polynesian settlement, possibly dating to the 13th century, have been found by archaeologists on Enderby Island. This is the most southerly settlement by Polynesians yet known, a whaling vessel, Ocean, discovered the islands in 1806, finding them uninhabited. Captain Abraham Bristow named them Lord Aucklands on 18 August 1806 in honour of his fathers friend William Eden, Bristow worked for the businessman Samuel Enderby, the namesake of Enderby Island. The following year Bristow returned on the Sarah in order to claim the archipelago for Britain, the explorers Dumont DUrville in 1839, and James Clark Ross visited in 1839 and in 1840 respectively. Whalers and sealers set up bases, the islands becoming one of the principal sealing stations in the Pacific in the years immediately after their discovery

40.
Bounty Islands
–
The Bounty Islands are a small group of 13 uninhabited granite islets and numerous rocks, with a combined area of 135 ha, in the south Pacific Ocean that are territorially part of New Zealand. They lie about 670 km east-south-east of the South Island of New Zealand, the group is a World Heritage Site. Captain William Bligh discovered the Bounty Islands en route from Spithead to Tahiti in 1788 and named them after his ship, HMS Bounty, the location of the islands were only roughly marked on charts. In early 1866 Commander W H Norman of HMCS Victoria was tasked with determining more accurately their position and he reported them as being latitude 47ˈ50 South and longitude 179ˈ00 East. Captain George Palmer, during the search for the Matoaka placed the islands at 47ˈ46ˈ24 South 178ˈ56ˈ45 East, Palmer also annexed the islands for New Zealand. During the 19th century the area were a popular hunting-ground for sealers, the islands were also searched from time to time for missing ships and crews, including those from the General Grant and the Matoaka. The Hinemoa visited the islands in March 1886 and erected a depot for marooned sailors on the largest island, captain Fairchild noted that there was no fresh water available on these islands. The depot was destroyed by the sea by the time the Stella visited the island in 1887, a new Admiralty chart 1022 was issued for the area in 1888, which took into account survey work undertaken by the Hinemoa. In November 1891 the Hinemoa returned to the islands and built a fresh provisions storage, ecologically, the islands are part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion. The group is home to numbers of seabirds. The whole chain is only 5 km across at its longest axis, the total area is only 1.35 km2. The islands are at the antipodes of Bouillé-Ménard, in France, the Main Group is the largest of the three groups, and is located in the northwest of the chain. It includes the groups largest island, Depot Island, which is around 700 metres in length and 400 metres across at its widest point, proclamation and Tunnel Islands are separated from Depot Island by only a narrow cleft, and are joined to it at low tide. A small islet off the north coast of this groups Spider Island is the chains northernmost point, the Centre Group is located some 1.5 to 2 kilometres to the southeast of the Main Group, and contains three main islands, arrayed in a north-south line. A smaller islet lies immediately to the west, the northernmost of the Centre Group, Funnel Island, contains the chains highest point, at 73 metres above sea level. A further 1.5 kilometres to the east is the East Group, the largest island in this group, Molly Cap, is the groups southernmost island, and contains the chains second-highest point,70 metres above sea level. This group contains two islets and one small islet, along with several reefs and stacks, one of which is the easternmost point in the chain. Main Group, Depot Island, named for the depot on the island

41.
Campbell Island, New Zealand
–
Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku is an uninhabited subantarctic island of New Zealand, and the main island of the Campbell Island group. It covers 112.68 square kilometres of the groups 113, the island is mountainous, rising to over 500 metres in the south. A long fjord, Perseverance Harbour, nearly bisects it, opening out to sea on the east coast, Campbell Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Campbell Island was discovered in 1810 by Captain Frederick Hasselborough of the sealing brig Perseverance, Captain Hasselborough was drowned on 4 November 1810 in Perseverance Harbour. The island became a hunting base, and the seal population was almost totally eradicated. The first sealing boom was over by the mid-1810s, the second was a brief revival in the 1820s. The whaling boom extended here in the 1830s and ’40s, in 1874, the island was visited by a French scientific expedition intending to view the transit of Venus. Much of the topography is named after aspects of, or people connected with. In the late 19th century, the became a pastoral lease. Sheep farming was undertaken from 1896 until the lease, along with the sheep, in 1883 the American schooner Sarah W. Hunt, a whaler, was near Campbell Island. Twelve men in two small whaleboats headed for the island in terrible weather looking for seals, one of the boats disappeared, and the other boat with six men aboard managed to make it ashore. Sanford Miner, the captain of the Sarah W. Hunt, assumed all the whalers were lost, fortunately for the stranded whalers, a seal protection boat, the Kekeno, happened to arrive at the island, and rescued the castaways. The captains behavior caused an international scandal, in 1907, a group of scientists spent eight days on the island group surveying. The 1907 Sub-Antarctic Islands Scientific Expedition conducted a survey and also took botanical, zoological and geological specimens. During World War II, a station was operative at Tucker Cove at the north shore of Perseverance Harbour as part of the Cape Expedition program. After the war, the facilities were used as a station until the summer of 1957/58, when a new base was established at Beeman Cove. The new location provided improved exposure for the instruments, particularly wind recordings. The new meteorological station at Beeman Cove was operated by the New Zealand government with ten full-time staff

42.
Dent Island, New Zealand
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Dent Island is a subantarctic 26-hectare rock stack, lying 3 km west of Campbell Island and belonging to the Campbell Island group. Dent Island is located at 52°31. 15′S 169°3. 75′E and it was named by the French 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island because of its resemblance to a tooth. The island is most famous for its Campbell teal, which were thought to have been extinct for more than 100 years until a group was rediscovered there in 1975. Dent Island is free from predators, especially the rats whose introduction on Campbell Island led to the extinction of the teal there. However, the habitat for the teal on Dent Island is much more limited than its 26-hectare area would suggest. The Campbell teal conservation programme started in 1984 when 4 birds were transferred from Dent Island to the Mount Bruce Wildlife Centre, in 1997, a census carried out on Dent Island showed that its Campbell teal population had declined to dangerous levels with only three birds being found. However the conservation and breeding has been successful, and in recent years many teal have been reintroduced onto Campbell Island itself. Rats were eventually eradicated from Campbell Island in 2001, list of Antarctic and subantarctic islands New Zealand subantarctic islands Megaherb Map of Campbell Island

43.
Jacquemart Island
–
Jacquemart Island, one of the islets surrounding Campbell Island in New Zealand, lies 1 km south of Campbell Island and is the southernmost island of New Zealand. While Jacquemart Island belongs indisputably to New Zealand, New Zealand also claims territory in Antarctica which stretches to the South Pole, like other Antarctic territorial claims, New Zealands jurisdiction over the Ross Dependency is not recognised by most nations. The name commemorates Captain J. Jacquemart, of the vessel FRWS Vire, Jacquemart Island consists of a stack with an area of 19 ha, being about 750 m in length by 500 metres in width and surrounded by precipitous cliffs at least 30 m high at their lowest. Its highest point is about 200 m asl and it is an eroded remnant of basaltic lavas originally laid down on a sedimentary base. Subsequent short visits were made in 1984 and 1997, much of the area of the island above the cliffs is covered with tussock grassland on a substratum of peat undermined with petrel burrows. The environment includes herbfield communities, rock and ledge communities, as well as lichens, birds recorded as breeding on Jacquemart include the sooty shearwater, northern giant petrel, grey-backed storm-petrel, light-mantled sooty albatross, brown skua and Campbell shag. Other seabirds which may breed there are common diving-petrel and Cape petrel, australasian pipits and common starlings have been seen. A species of cave weta has also recorded from the island. After the eradication of rats the snipe began to recolonise the rest of the group, map of Campbell Island with several surrounding islets, including Jacquemart Island lying south of the main island and Dent island lying northwest of the main island

Antarctica
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It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. At 14,000,000 square kilometres, it is the fifth-largest continent, for comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia. About 98% of Antarctic

1.
Adelie penguins in Antarctica

2.
Antarctica

3.
Painting of James Weddell 's second expedition in 1823, depicting the brig Jane and the cutter Beaufroy.

Antarctic
–
The Antarctic is a polar region, specifically the region around the Earths South Pole, opposite the Arctic region around the North Pole. The Antarctic comprises in the sense the continent of Antarctica. The region covers some 20% of the Southern Hemisphere, of which 5. 5% is the area of the Antarctic continent itself. All of the land and ice shelve

2.
The Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, the geographic South Pole is signposted in the background

3.
Moubray Bay and Mount Herschel, Eastern Antarctica

Subantarctic
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The Subantarctic is a region in the southern hemisphere, located immediately north of the Antarctic region. This translates roughly to a latitude of between 46° – 60° south of the Equator, the subantarctic region includes many islands in the southern parts of the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean, especially those situated north of the

1.
Trees growing along the north shore of the Beagle Channel, 55°S.

2.
The Antarctica region and its boundary, the Antarctic Convergence.

3.
Satellite image of the southern tip of Heard Island. Cape Arkona is seen on the left side of the image, with Lied Glacier just above and Gotley Glacier just below. Big Ben Volcano and Mawson Peak are seen at the lower right side of the image.

Islands
–
An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, an island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. A grouping of geographically or geologically relate

1.
Atafu atoll in Tokelau

2.
São Miguel Island, in Azores archipelago, is also referred as "The Green Island".

3.
A small Fijian island

4.
The British Isles are a large group of islands. The main islands include Great Britain and Ireland.

Antarctic Treaty System
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For the purposes of the treaty system, Antarctica is defined as all of the land and ice shelves south of 60°S latitude. The treaty was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War, the Antarctic Treaty Secretariat headquarters have been located in Buenos Aires, Argentina, since September 2004. The main treaty was opened for sign

1.
A satellite composite image of Antarctica.

2.
Flag of the Antarctic Treaty

3.
Disposal of waste by simply dumping it at the shoreline such as here at the Russian Bellingshausen Station base on King George Island is no longer permitted by the Protocol on Environmental Protection

4.
This 1959 cover commemorated the opening of the Wilkes post office in the Australian Antarctic Territory.

Antipodes Islands
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The Antipodes Islands are inhospitable volcanic islands in subantarctic waters to the south of — and territorially part of — New Zealand. They lie 860 kilometres to the southeast of Stewart Island/Rakiura, the island group consists of one main island, Antipodes Island, of 20 km2 area, Bollons Island to the north, and numerous small islets and stack

1.
The Antipodes Islands seen from the north

2.
Castaway hut at the northern end of Antipodes island, 2009

3.
South Bay - site of the landing of the Spirit of the Dawn survivors and the loss of the Totorore

4.
Penguin colony (mixed species) in Anchorage Bay, Antipodes Island

New Zealand
–
New Zealand /njuːˈziːlənd/ is an island nation in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. The country geographically comprises two main landmasses—the North Island, or Te Ika-a-Māui, and the South Island, or Te Waipounamu—and around 600 smaller islands. New Zealand is situated some 1,500 kilometres east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and roughly 1,000

1.
The Waitangi sheet from the Treaty of Waitangi

2.
Flag

3.
Painting of Mount Earnslaw by John Turnbull Thomson, oil on canvas, 1888

4.
John Key, Prime Minister of New Zealand since 2008

Antipodes Island
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The Antipodes Islands are inhospitable volcanic islands in subantarctic waters to the south of — and territorially part of — New Zealand. They lie 860 kilometres to the southeast of Stewart Island/Rakiura, the island group consists of one main island, Antipodes Island, of 20 km2 area, Bollons Island to the north, and numerous small islets and stack

1.
The Antipodes Islands seen from the north

2.
Castaway hut at the northern end of Antipodes island, 2009

3.
South Bay - site of the landing of the Spirit of the Dawn survivors and the loss of the Totorore

Auckland Islands
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The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

Adams Rocks, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Amherst Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Archer Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Auckland Island
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Auckland Island is the main island of the Auckland Islands, an uninhabited archipelago in the south Pacific Ocean belonging to New Zealand. It is notable for its cliffs and rugged terrain, which rises to over 600 m. Prominent peaks include Cavern Peak, Mount Raynal, Mount DUrville, Mount Easton, the southern end of the island broadens to a width of

1.
Auckland Island, Carnley Harbour & Adams Island (RHS)

Beacon Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Blanche Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Chapel Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Column Rocks, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Compadre Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Davis Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Disappointment Island, New Zealand
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Disappointment Island is one of seven uninhabited islands in the Auckland Islands archipelago. It is 8 kilometres from the northwest end of Auckland Island and 290 kilometres south of New Zealand and it is home to a colony of white-capped albatrosses. About 65,000 pairs – nearly the entire world population – nest there, also on the island is the Au

1.
Position relative to New Zealand and other outlying islands

Dundas Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Enderby Island (New Zealand)
–
Enderby Island is part of the Auckland Islands archipelago in New Zealand. It is situated just off the tip of Auckland Island. Evidence has been found of Polynesian settlement in the 13th and 14th centuries and this was at Sandy Bay, in a sheltered and relatively less inhospitable location, accessible to seal colonies. On 20 March 1887, the Derry C

Fabulous Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Figure of Eight I, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Five Sisters Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Frenchs Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Friday Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Green Island (Auckland Islands)
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Invercauld Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Lantern Rocks, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Masked Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Monumental Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Ocean Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Pinnacle Rocks, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

Shag Rock, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Shoe Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Sugar Loaf Rocks, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Yule Island, New Zealand
–
The Auckland Islands are an archipelago of New Zealand, lying 465 kilometres south of the South Island. It includes Auckland Island, Adams Island, Enderby Island, Disappointment Island, Ewing Island, Rose Island, Dundas Island and Green Island, the islands have no permanent human inhabitants. Ecologically, the Auckland Islands form part of the Anti

1.
The Auckland Islands as seen by STS-89 in 1998, with the northwest towards the top of the image

2.
Topographical map of the Auckland Islands

3.
Restored grave of Jabez Peters, first officer of the Dundonald, in the graveyard on the main island.

4.
Southern coast of the main island

Bounty Islands
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The Bounty Islands are a small group of 13 uninhabited granite islets and numerous rocks, with a combined area of 135 ha, in the south Pacific Ocean that are territorially part of New Zealand. They lie about 670 km east-south-east of the South Island of New Zealand, the group is a World Heritage Site. Captain William Bligh discovered the Bounty Isl

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The islands are important as a nesting site for Salvin's albatrosses

Campbell Island, New Zealand
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Campbell Island / Motu Ihupuku is an uninhabited subantarctic island of New Zealand, and the main island of the Campbell Island group. It covers 112.68 square kilometres of the groups 113, the island is mountainous, rising to over 500 metres in the south. A long fjord, Perseverance Harbour, nearly bisects it, opening out to sea on the east coast, C

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Satellite view

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Meteorological station at Beeman Cove (unmanned/automatic since 1995)

Dent Island, New Zealand
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Dent Island is a subantarctic 26-hectare rock stack, lying 3 km west of Campbell Island and belonging to the Campbell Island group. Dent Island is located at 52°31. 15′S 169°3. 75′E and it was named by the French 1874 Transit of Venus Expedition to Campbell Island because of its resemblance to a tooth. The island is most famous for its Campbell tea

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Dent Island, New Zealand.

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Dent Island: In the distance

Jacquemart Island
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Jacquemart Island, one of the islets surrounding Campbell Island in New Zealand, lies 1 km south of Campbell Island and is the southernmost island of New Zealand. While Jacquemart Island belongs indisputably to New Zealand, New Zealand also claims territory in Antarctica which stretches to the South Pole, like other Antarctic territorial claims, Ne

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Disposal of waste by simply dumping it at the shoreline such as here at the Russian Bellingshausen Station base on King George Island is no longer permitted by the Protocol on Environmental Protection

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This 1959 cover commemorated the opening of the Wilkes post office in the Australian Antarctic Territory.

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Satellite image of the southern tip of Heard Island. Cape Arkona is seen on the left side of the image, with Lied Glacier just above and Gotley Glacier just below. Big Ben Volcano and Mawson Peak are seen at the lower right side of the image.

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Satellite image of the southern tip of Heard Island. Cape Arkona is seen on the left side of the image, with Lied Glacier just above and Gotley Glacier just below. Big Ben Volcano and Mawson Peak are seen at the lower right side of the image.

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Satellite image of the southern tip of Heard Island. Cape Arkona is seen on the left side of the image, with Lied Glacier just above and Gotley Glacier just below. Big Ben Volcano and Mawson Peak are seen at the lower right side of the image.