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Why would Montezuma let Cortes into Tenochtitlan? A: Cortes is the much feared God – Quetzalcoatl After days of sight-seeing, Spaniards take Montezuma as prisoner Then, Aztecs rise up against Spaniards – Montezuma seems to be a puppet Who/what killed Montezuma? Cortes Flees

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War! Aztecs out for blood 1521 – Cortes returns to Tenochtitlan with a growing army Where does he get more men ?

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Philip II’s Goals Strengthen Spanish monarchy and _________ – In Greece his navy defeated the____________ at the Battle of Lepanto – ___________ were more difficult Revolt in The Netherlands Marries Mary Tudor, a Catholic, but then she dies… And another Catholic queen is executed England was a tempting target

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Queen Mary I - Bloody Mary Became Queen after ________ Restored _________ in England, persecuted Protestants A political marriage to ______, King of Spain!!!

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Spanish Art and Literature El Greco (the Greek) – Painted Catholic Saints and Martyrs – Look at the next two paintings, compare Rembrandt with El Greco What do you notice about the style? The content?

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In France, Mean Queen Catherine de Medici rules – Her Weakling Sons Son king Charles has a Huguenot advisor She orders his advisor assassinated Sad, he tells her, leave none to accuse me. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre 1572 12,000 Huguenots slaughtered in Paris alone Up to 100,000 through months following in France

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Dynastic War in France Bourbon v Guise Catherine di Medici, mother of King Charles & daughter of Lorenzo of Florence was unhappy with Hueguenot Henry marrying into the family… Henry IV of Navarre

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Henry IV Emerges in France, Catholic v Protestant War (1569-89) Philip II of Spain’s support of Catholic family backfired Bourbon: Huguenot Guise: Catholic Results in: French nationalism – French choose a Bourbon, Henry IV – But Henry converts to Catholicism to promote unity especially in Paris King Henry issues the Edict of Nantes (1598) – Religious toleration – Huguenots may live in peace, just not in Paris

36
Strengthening France In the Thirty Years War Cardinal Richelieu Increased French Nationalism Henry’s son King Louis XIII is weak, takes throne at 9 Cardinal Richelieu’s goals: 1.Restricted rights of Protestants 2.Allied Kings with middle class for support 3.Built up military to fight Hapsburgs

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What does Richelieu think of the common people of France? Read primary source in packet He was both Duke of Richelieu & Cardinal in RCC Effectively ran France from 1624-42