Trees vary widely in height, from a bare minimum of 1 block for bush trees, ranging up to a maximum of 30 blocks for giant jungle trees.

Tree canopies are composed of leaf blocks, and grow 1 block higher than the highest wood block (except for that of the giant oak tree, whose leaves grow 3 blocks higher). The canopy may begin from the ground and go up to 6 blocks from the ground. Tree canopies are generated from roughly spherical clusters of leaves about 5–7 blocks across, centered on sections of trunk or branches. Leaves must be supported by an adjacent trunk (or leaf blocks connected to the trunk), otherwise they will disappear.

Giant oak, dark oak and giant jungle trees grow branches (wood blocks connected horizontally, vertically or diagonally to the trunk or other branches). Most of the time, a single tree will have between one and six branches, and each branch will have between one and six wood blocks. Acacia tree branches do not cover their branches in this way. Small oak, jungle, birch, and spruce trees lack branches.

This jungle tree will not grow because of the red wool block (looking from the northwestern corner)

Trees are created when a map chunk is generated, and can also be grown by planting tree saplings.

Tree saplings have a 1/20 chance (1/40 if they are jungle saplings) of dropping from leaf blocks when they decay or are destroyed. There are six species of saplings, corresponding to the six main trees: oak, birch, spruce, jungle, acacia and dark oak.

A tree that was grown in a cave, with the necessary light provided by torches.

The sapling must be planted on a dirt, podzol or grass block, and must have a light level of at least 8 in the sapling block. A sapling will uproot with light level 7 or less in the sapling block itself unless it has a view of the sky that is fully unobstructed (except by glass or other transparent materials). The sapling must also have at least 4 blocks of space above it; the amount of required space varies between the different species of trees. If there is a ceiling above a sapling, this will limit the maximum height of the tree that can grow from that sapling.

If multiple saplings are planted next to each other, each one will grow as long as the leaves from the other grown saplings do not block too much of the sunlight. Artificial light (torches, etc.) can still be used to grow them if this happens.

Trees can be generated anywhere where there is light and dirt

All trees in the active chunk radius around the player make attempts to grow at random intervals. For any given tree this can work out to about 3 growth attempts per minute. When a tree attempts to grow, it first checks that it has enough light, then randomly chooses which variant of that species of tree to become; for example, an oak sapling will choose to grow as either a small or large oak tree.

Once a tree has passed a light check and chosen a size to attempt, it checks if there is enough space for its chosen size. If it encounters an obstruction during this check, it fails to grow and must wait for the next pass before it can attempt to grow again. This means that a tree in an open field with enough light will grow relatively quickly, but a tree in a cramped tree farm that stunts its size may make several attempts before finally growing.

Bone meal, when used on a sapling, has a chance of forcing it to grow, so long as all of the normal checks (light, space, dirt, etc.) have passed. It does not guarantee a tree will grow, but forces an attempt to grow.

Planting trees in the Nether

All saplings will grow normally in the Nether and in the End, although they must be planted in dirt transported from the Overworld and provided with sufficient light and space. Leaf blocks in the Nether have the same color as if they were placed in a desert biome. In the End, they are a dull bluish-green, as in the extreme hills biome.

In order to grow a 2×2 tree (be it spruce, jungle or dark oak), four saplings must be placed adjacent to each other in a square. For growth to succeed, there may be no blocks adjacent (even diagonally) to the north-western sapling (which is considered the center of the tree) up to the final height of the tree. Which sapling the Bone Meal is used on is irrelevant. The largest jungle and spruce trees reach 31 blocks. Dark oak trees are typically 6-8 blocks. Some materials block the growth of the large trees.

Leaves and wood blocks removed from a tree will not grow back over time.

Oak trees are unique in that they have the smallest space requirements, and along with dark oak trees can drop an apple when their leaf block is destroyed.

They come in several variants with widely different properties:

Small oak trees are the most commonly encountered.

Large oak trees are more uncommon, and have a distinct look and different growth requirements. They often have "branches", outgrowths of wood on the sides of the trunk, or even freestanding and surrounded by leaves. They require 4–14 blocks of open space directly above the sapling to grow (air or leaves only) but can otherwise be completely enclosed on all sides.

A large tree form exists with a single leaf block layer above the minimal 4-block trunk, allowing a tree to rarely grow in a vertical space with a height of only 5, but otherwise the maximum trunk height is 2 less than the vertical space, making the practical minimum height 6.

A large tree can be forced to be grown if a "brace" of non-solid blocks (e.g. glass, or half-slabs) is placed around where the trunk will be, one block off the ground.

A rare variant colloquially known as a "balloon" oak, which are large trees generated with the smallest size possible, may be grown. They consist of tall trunks and leaves that formed a spherical shape, similar to a balloon. They will grow even if there is a block obstructing them; they simply grow around that block. They usually contain 4 blocks of wood, but some may contain more.

In swamp biomes, naturally occurring oak trees tend to grow in the water. Unlike oak trees in other biomes, which typically have a slightly conical or pointed canopy, all swamp trees have round, flat topped canopies. Also unlike other oak trees, these have a much wider range in foliage. They tend to be covered in vines that trail down to the ground.

Oak trees require a 1×1 column of unobstructed space at least 4 blocks above the sapling to grow (5 blocks including the sapling itself). Oak trees are unique in that they can still grow when the base and trunk is enclosed on all sides. Their growth will not be hindered by wood, leaves, dirt and saplings.

Spruce trees,[1][2] also known as pine trees,[3] grow from spruce saplings and have growth patterns and requirements very similar to birch trees, though they look very different. They are mainly found in the taiga biome, but they may also generate in extreme hills, cold taiga, and mega taiga biomes. Spruce wood has the same texture as oak wood, but it is a darker shade of brown; its leaves are more dense, with a darker and blueish tone.

There are several different forms of these trees that may grow from any spruce saplings:

The leaves tend to grow in discrete rows rather than the more spherical arrangement of oaks and birch trees

A fairly tall variant of spruce trees that generate in a matchstick style, with only a few leaves at the very top.

A short variant in which the leaves are arranged in a diamond shape, similar to a lollipop.

A large 2×2 variant that generates in the mega taiga biome and can be grown from spruce saplings arranged in a 2×2 square, with or without bone meal. They are commonly called "redwoods" or "mega spruce trees".

These spruce trees have few leaves, concentrated at the top. Mega spruce trees with leaves only at the top can be found in every type of Mega Taiga except for the Mega Spruce Taiga, which has trees that have a lot of leaves on them.

The northwest block of the top layer of the 2×2 mega spruce tree trunk is always taller than the other three blocks.

In an amplified taiga or mega taiga, some of the spruce trees will generate with snow on them, just like in the other cold biomes.

Like birch trees, they do not grow branches. When height-constrained, the trunk height maximum is two less than the roof. Headroom of 9 blocks will limit the tree to trunk height of 7, which enables harvesting from ground level.

1×1 spruce trees require a 5×5 column of unobstructed space at least 7 blocks above the sapling to grow (8 blocks including the sapling itself). No horizontal clearance is needed at the base of the tree and 1 level above (a sapling planted in a hole 2 blocks deep will still grow).

2×2 spruce trees require a 5×5 column of unobstructed space at least 14 blocks above the saplings to grow (15 blocks including the saplings themselves). This column is centered on the northwestern sapling. A 3×3 area is required at the base of the tree (the level of the saplings).

Birch trees look fairly similar to small oak trees in terms of height, and are most commonly found in birch forest biomes.

There are two types of birch trees: a shorter tree that can be grown by the player with birch saplings; and a taller, more rare tree which only generate in birch forest M biomes, and cannot be grown from saplings. Birch trees grown from saplings grow to be 5 to 7 blocks tall, while birch trees in the birch forest M biome can be 10 blocks or even taller.

Birch trees require a 3×3 column of unobstructed space at least 6 blocks above the sapling to grow (7 blocks including the sapling itself). Additionally, birch trees require 5×5 layers without obstruction for the top 3 layers of its final height. No horizontal clearance is needed at the base of the tree (a sapling planted in a hole 1 block deep will still grow).

Birch leaf distribution

Layer 1 (top)

Layer 2

Layers 3 and 4

Birch trees will always grow around 50 to 60 leaves. The leaf distributions are shown visually to the right, each table cell representing one 'slice' of the tree viewed from above. The glass blocks represent a barrier, while the transparent leaves represent areas where leaves may grow, but do not always. The growth pattern, in detail, is as follows:

The topmost row is one above the height of the tree, and always has exactly 5 leaves: one above the wood block and four orthogonally adjacent to it, forming a + shape.

5 leaves

The second row is the top of the wood trunk, and also has 4 leaves adjacent to it. Diagonal to the wood block will be a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 3 additional leaf blocks.

5 - 7 leaves

The third row has the wood in the middle, surrounded orthogonally and diagonally by leaf blocks. Those 8 leaf blocks are also surrounded orthogonally, for an additional 12 leaf blocks. One can think of this as a 5×5 space where every block has leaves except the four corners. These corners are randomly filled with between 0 and 4 leaves, though having all four filled is very rare.

20 - 24 leaves

The fourth row generates with the same rules as the third, and thus has a minimum of 20 and a maximum of 24 leaf blocks.

20 - 24 leaves

The fifth and sixth (bottom) rows contain no leaves, only the wood block in the center. If the tree is 6 or 7 blocks tall, the additional 1 or 2 rows at the bottom will also be just a wood block.

Jungle trees are exclusive to the jungle biome. Jungle tree leaves drop jungle tree saplings, which appear tall and skinny like the jungle tree itself. When planted in grass or dirt they grow into a jungle tree with a 1×1 trunk, but you can place them in a 2×2 formation and they will grow into a jungle tree with a 2×2 trunk that are found naturally in the jungle biome.

1×1 jungle trees require a 3×3 column of unobstructed space at least 5 blocks above the sapling to grow (6 blocks including the sapling itself). Additionally, 1×1 jungle trees require 5×5 layers without obstruction for the top 3 layers of its final height. No horizontal clearance is needed at the base of the tree (a sapling planted in a hole 1 block deep will still grow).

2×2 jungle trees require a 5×5 column of unobstructed space at least 11 blocks above the saplings to grow (12 blocks including the saplings themselves). This column is centered on the northwestern sapling. A 3×3 area is required at the base of the tree (the level of the saplings).

Small bush-like jungle trees.

There are also much smaller, bush-type variants, which only have 1–2 logs and a few leaves. They are typically 1–3 layers tall and heavily cover the floor of jungle biomes. In the PC and Console editions, they consist of oak leaves and a jungle log, while in the Pocket Edition, they consist of jungle leaves and a jungle log.

Acacia trees are only found in the savanna biome. Acacia trees are around 8 blocks tall and feature unique diagonal trunks, and may occasionally have multiple canopies. The way the tree forms is unique. Some have many straight logs and a curve at the top, some at the bottom, and some curve from bottom to top. Typically, the canopy consists of just two layers of leaves, sometimes three. The acacia leaves share their texture with oak leaves, although they have their own name in creative mode. Their color, however, varies on what biome you are in. You can grow the following three acacia trees:

The common acacia tree, which has a diagonal trunk and a single canopy.

The multi-canopy acacia, where the trunk forks around the middle of the plant and each end ends in a canopy.

Another form of multiple canopy acacia tree, which has the straight trunk and a lower canopy, then the trunk grows out of the smaller canopy and has a second higher canopy. These trees are much taller than the common acacia tree.

Acacia trees require a 3×3 column of unobstructed space at least 7 blocks above the sapling (8 blocks including the sapling itself). Additionally, acacia trees require 5×5 layers without obstruction for the top 3 layers of its final height. No horizontal clearance is needed at the base of the tree (a sapling planted in a hole 1 block deep will still grow).

Dark oak trees are found only in the roofed forest biome. They have thick, 2×2 trunks, and will generate dirt blocks under their trunk if generated on a steep cliff. Dark oak trees nearly always generate with irregular blocks of wood connected to the trunk - these represent large branches. Growing these trees requires four dark oak saplings arranged in a 2×2 grid; they will not grow if planted individually. Dark oak trees grow at a much faster rate than most other trees.

Dark oak trees require a 3×3 column of unobstructed space at least 7 blocks above the sapling to grow (8 blocks including the sapling itself). This column is centered on the northwestern sapling. Additionally, dark oak trees require 5×5 layers without obstruction for the top 3 layers of its final height. No horizontal clearance is needed at the base of the tree (saplings planted in a 2×2 hole 1 block deep will still grow).

These trees have the standard growth pattern of any other tree, however all exposed logs are covered with vines. They can generate as dark oak, jungle, spruce, or small oak trees. These can be grown with saplings.

These trees consist of a single upright log, or stump, which can generate covered with vines and/or mushrooms of either color. 2-6 block long logs lying on their side are often found 1-2 blocks from the stump, occasionally with mushrooms on top. The trees can be composed of oak, spruce, birch, or jungle logs. They cannot be grown with saplings; they only appear with terrain generation, or if a player manually makes one.

Depending on where the tree generates, the color of the leaves may differ. An example being if an oak tree is in a colder biome, it will have an aqua-green hue. Although if it is in a dry biome, it will have a mustard yellow hue. However, not all leaves change color depending on where they are.

Foliage color in lusher biomes.

Foliage color in drier biomes.

Foliage color in colder biomes.

A tree grown between two biomes.

A tree situated on the boundary of a jungle, swamp and desert biome, showing skins of all three on its leaves.

An acacia tree split between two biomes, which are the savanna and the plains biomes.

The Swampland biome was added, with a new tree design (made of the same blocks as oak trees), which are of more uniform size and have vines growing on them. There is no way to grow these trees; oak saplings will grow normal oak trees. A bush-shaped variety of oak tree was removed.

Floating trees may appear when small above-ground ponds generate in a forested area. This happens since the tree is generated when the chunk loads first, before the pond appears underneath. This leaves the tree floating above the lake.

If the pond is comprised of lava, the tree will almost certainly catch on fire, potentially spreading to other trees and starting a large forest fire.

Large jungle trees and dark oak trees generate with dirt under them if they generate partly or wholly over air or water blocks.

Birch trees resemble the most recognizable birch tree type: the Betula papyrifera, or "paper birch", native to North America.

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