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...Space is the final frontier
1. space: -outer space = region beyond earth
2. final: -last, ultimate, no more frontier beyond this
3. frontier: -an outer limit, especially one in which the opportunities for research and development have not been exploited
4. History of space exploration: simple overview of western countries – http://www.spacekids.co.uk/spacehistory/ includes China’s endeavors – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_space_exploration
5. Can space be considered an unexplored region if…
a. man has been observing the sky since before recorded history?
b. man has been thinking of exploring it since the 17th century?啟動螢幕閱讀器
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c. the first man-made vehicle flew 100 km outside earth in 1942?
d. the first human space flight in 1961?
e. the Voyager I and II space craft were launched?
f. man put a space station into orbit?
g. even ordinary people like singer Sarah Brightman can pay to fly into space?
h. we can be buried in space?
6. Consider:
-What do we know about space?
-What don’t we know about it?
-Is it our next or our final frontier?
-Is Antarctica the final frontier? Are the oceans our final frontier? Is the earth’s core our final frontier? Is time our final frontier? Is death our final frontier?
I don’t think the opposition needs to say what is the final frontier, only that space isn’t.
Negative side arguments
1st speaker
1) Definition on final, frontier, tangible or intangible......

...Charles Hnein
Ms. Wilson
Philosophy
4/14/2013
Metaphysics paper
Metaphysics has become the study of the fundamental nature of all reality; what is it, why is it, and how are we can understand it. Finding out if there is reality or not is a subject that has been debated by philosophers and scientists for hundreds of years. The search to understanding the nature of reality is still a mystery. We can know if something is real or not by using our senses, however, it’s much deeper than that. Reality can also be explained through theories of quantum mechanics, physics, and mathematics.
Our knowledge comes primarily from our sense and our sensory experiences which make reality possible. We all know what a chair is, so we assume that it is real. What makes a real chair different from a chair that we imagine in our brain? By using our senses we can conclude that the chair is real. We can touch the chair, smell the chair, and see the chair. This brings up the question: what makes reality real? To me, a set of things that we know for sure is real. We know a chair is solid and we’ve experienced it over and over again, thus making it real. But what is real? The chair feels pretty solid, but it’s made out of atoms. Atoms are made up of empty space. Does that mean the chair doesn’t exist? Reality is much weirder than it seems. If atoms are mostly empty space, how come the world around us is solid? We feel like we’re standing still, however, we’re rotating around the sun at 67,000......

...HOW America feel about Space Exploration
Research Methods
SS3150
May 08, 2013
How America feel about Space Exploration
The space exploration has been a huge program for research and human knowledge. It has brought so many concerns, questions and suggestions which has engaged and, affected American’s in their everyday lives. Some of the research questions that I came up with which are appropriate for qualitative research are for example first, how does the earth interact with the neighboring planets? Second, how does space exploration help in securing our planet? And the third question is how does the exploration improve our lives economically?
The explanation as to why these three questions are appropriate for qualitative research is that for one, the question of how does the earth interact with the neighboring planets, is a question which does not require any thought of numbers when answering because, one can simply answer that the earth interacts with the neighboring planets by how they all get the light from the sun. The target population on this question can be young or old and questionnaires would be the best sample to the participants for this research.
The second question on how does space exploration help in securing our planet is also appropriate for qualitative research and, it shows or it can bring suggestions for example, that the technology used in space exploration is very highly advanced and that people feel safe because it sends signals of anything......

...The Mayonnaise Jar
When things in your life seem almost too much to handle, when 24 hours in a day is not enough, remember the mayonnaise jar and two cups of coffee.
A professor stood before his philosophy class and had some items in front of him.
...
When the class began, wordlessly, he picked up a very large and empty mayonnaise jar and fills it with golf balls.
He then asked the students if the jar was full. They agreed that it was.
The professor then picked up a box of pebbles and poured it into the jar. He shook the jar lightly. The pebbles rolled into the open areas between the golf balls.
He then asked the students again if the jar was full. They agreed it was.
The professor next picked up a box of sand and poured it into the jar. Of course, the sand filled up everything else.
He asked once more if the jar was full. The students responded with a unanimous “YES”.
The professor then produced two cups of coffee from under the table and poured the entire contents into the jar, effectively filling the empty space between the sand. The students laughed.
“Now,” said the professor, as the laughter subsided, “I want you to recognize that this jar represents your life. The golf balls are the important things - God, family,
children, health, friends, and favorite passions. Things, that if everything else was lost and only they remained, your life would still be full. The pebbles are the things that matter like your job, house, and car. The sand is......

...Andrade 1
Andrew Andrade
Mr. Barker
Philosophy 101
9 February 2011
Word count: 2049
PHILOSOPHY
Many people believe that philosophy is a subject meant for those who are lost in
life. Its actually the opposite those who do not study philosophy are lost in life. In our
everyday lives philosophy can be applied from our hygiene to our relationships. It is
based on the questioning of every aspect of life to better gain an understanding of it. The
better understanding of something can allow us to change the bad for the better or add to
the good if need be. The big questions in philosophy are about the existence of god, our
own existence, morality, ethics, reality, life’s meaning, and knowledge. All question have
an ultimate goal to end pain and suffering whether it be in life or death. There have been
many philosophers who believe that they have figured out the solution to suffering in life
and death. They came up with guidelines and philosophies that would help people to be
good morally in turn be good for all of mankind. Siddhartha Gautama, K’ung-fu-Tzu, and
Lao Tzu all believed that their own ways were the most effective.
Buddha was born into a royal family who believed in the traditional teachings of
the Hindu religion. It involved reincarnation, karma, Brahmin priesthood, sacrificial
system, and the caste system. With god and goddess, the better you do in a previous life
the better your next life......

...Surname
Instructor
Course
Date
Survey of Mexican Philosophical Thought
The philosophy of the Mexicans is a production of philosophers from ancestries from Mexico, residing either within or outside the country. The general philosophy surfaced with the introduction of the first school by the Spanish conquerors, with teaching and publications on philosophical treaties. As such, it is critical to deny that these thinkers got education from the European schools, making it quite impossible for Hispanic thinkers to express the sense of racism in their works. In addition, Hispanic-American thought intellectuals rarely produce original profiles because there elements originate from the elements and motifs originally designed for the European thought. Meanwhile, philosophy and religion plays a critical role in ancient civilization, culture creation, and preservation in the sense that they not only bind, but also influence the societal structure, statutes, and personal lives. This paper documents the Mayan culture taking into consideration their civilization, ideologies, as well as their rituals.
Civilization
Factors contributing to culture creation and preservation extend from geographical to a number of patterns. The origin of the Mayan culture from the central part of America gives the perfect example of socio-cultural effects, which even after several years, continue to exist. The review of Mayan gods, as well as their conquest by the Spanish holds......

...(i.e., the problem of the interaction between the mind and the body) is a challenge (or an objection) to Descartes’ philosophy of mind. In other words, explain how we can make an argument from the mind-body problem against Descartes’ theory of the mind.
Descartes’ philosophy of mind has several aspects, but not all of them are related to the mind-body problem. Please first explain the relevant parts of his philosophy of mind, and then explain the challenge from the mind-body problem.
Ziyao Wang
Phil105
Prof. Chong Yuan
Feb.1st
Descartes was the first to formulate the mind–body problem in the form in which it exists today. He identified the mind with consciousness and thoughts are distinguished from the brain as the position of hardware. There are several parts of Descartes’ philosophy of mind. To begin with, your brain is totally independent of your body, you can exist without a body. Secondly, you know your mind and thoughts most much more than anything else. Furthermore, body must have space and mind must has thoughts and no space. Take animal for example, animals do not have thoughts because they cannot think. Last but not least, the certain things cannot be doubted.
The most important, Descartes is a dualist, in his view, the mind and the body are not the same thing. Minds, thoughts and consciousness are not in the space, however, body must in space. Moreover, the brain just serves as a connection between the mind and the body. Human’s mind and thoughts are......

...Night time in space
It is very easy to get busy up here and forget to “stop and smell the roses” as it were. (I think that is probably true for all of us everywhere!) So after dinner and before bedtime tonight I finally stopped and took a moment to watch the world go by during a night pass. It seems like it has been a while since I have done this. There are always excuses…other things that have to get done, e-mails to write, feet to warm up, too tired, there is always another day...blah, blah, blah. But I put my foot down, figuratively speaking, and took the time.
We were passing up through the Atlantic going north across Africa and Europe and arcing down through Asia to come out east of Australia and New Zealand into the Pacific. I do not know exactly where we were but it was already night when I positioned myself at the docking compartment window. I think it was the one facing more starboard. I always get myself mixed up when I go into that module; I can never easily find the hatch again.
It is completely night. There are thunderstorms across Africa and lightning is everywhere; bright flashes are going cloud to cloud illuminating the clouds as it arcs from one to the other. It is a private fireworks show. The storm is large and very spread out and at any moment you see 4 or 5 flashes occurring at one time, each one only lasting a moment. The colors range from something orange-ish to blue-white. Some are more like balls of light while others have that......

...is also unclear whether the ancient Chinese believed T’ien responded to human supplication or simply worked in accordance with the principles of T’ien. | God created human beings and everything. | Monotheism, belief in one God, is the most important and foundational concept in Islam. Muslims believe in one God who created the universe and has power over everything within it. He is unique and exalted above everything. He creates, and His greatness cannot be compared to His creation. |
Man | Men had the dominant role in public life in ancient Greece. They were engaged iin politics and public events, while women were often encouraged to stay in the home. | For the Chinese then, Philosophy is the translation of words into action or the application of theory into praxis. Thus for the Chinese, philosophy singles out a person to live on what he says/teaches thus, a man/woman of integrity who has word/s of honor. | In Hindu tradition, Manu is the name accorded to a progenitor of humanity being the first human to appear in the world in an epoch after universal destruction. | He has been created to live on it only for a probationary period, and, in due course, he will return to his Lord, to be judged according to the way he has spent that period. |
World | | | | Babor (2007) further expounded that Islamic philosophers in their falsafa (philosophia), through the concept of hikma, view the world and humanity as “intrinsically and substantially unified” “…that Islamic......

...I. Introduction:
The purpose of this paper is an overview about the current space tourism industry with advanced developments of space vehicles. Until now, seven tourists have ridden Soyuz spacecraft, a Russian spacecraft, to the International Space Station. Capturing the potential demand of space tourism, many private companies began to introduce their new and well-designed spacecraft promising to enable tourist to travel to space. From now to the next couple of years, we are expected to see many launches including testing and commercial flights into suborbital and low Earth orbit. There are also some private companies, who were awarded by NASA for their space programs to carry astronauts to the space station.
II. Virgin Galactic – Scaled Composites (Suborbital):
Virgin Galactic – Scaled Composites founded by Burt Rutan designed a unique type of spacecraft. Using a mothership aircraft, the space plane will be carried to midair and then be released to launch toward the edge of the atmosphere. Using carbon composite construction, the company has introduced two version of the space plane: SpaceShipOne and SpaceShipTwo along with two model of the mothership aircraft: WhiteKnightOne and WhiteKnightTwo. (Ref 1,3)
A. Spaceship:
a. SpaceshipOne – WhiteKnightOne:
Scaled Composites first launched the SpaceShipOne to the suborbital in 2004 while the first of WhiteKnightOne was in 2002. Overall, the WhiteKnightOne’s features are carriage and launch of payloads up to 7...

...advantageous alignment of a planet and its parent star in the system HD 189733, which is 63 light-years from Earth, enabled NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory and the European Space Agency’s XMM Newton Observatory to observe a dip in X-ray intensity as the planet transited the star.
"Thousands of planet candidates have been seen to transit in only optical light," said Katja Poppenhaeger of Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) in Cambridge, Mass., who led a new study to be published in the Aug. 10 edition of The Astrophysical Journal. "Finally being able to study one in X-rays is important because it reveals new information about the properties of an exoplanet."
The team used Chandra to observe six transits and data from XMM Newton observations of one.
The planet, known as HD 189733b, is a hot Jupiter, meaning it is similar in size to Jupiter in our solar system but in very close orbit around its star. HD 189733b is more than 30 times closer to its star than Earth is to the sun. It orbits the star once every 2.2 days.
HD 189733b is the closest hot Jupiter to Earth, which makes it a prime target for astronomers who want to learn more about this type of exoplanet and the atmosphere around it. They have used NASA's Kepler space telescope to study it at optical wavelengths, and NASA's Hubble Space Telescope to confirm it is blue in color as a result of the preferential scattering of blue light by silicate particles in its atmosphere.
The study with......

...it were, the real world is no episode of Star Trek or Doctor Who. The initial exploration of space was met with extreme enthusiasm, but since then, the positive look on space travel has become almost non-existent, and for good reasons. To be blunt, the costs are outweighing the benefits. We have hoped for discovering Earth-like planets and other inhabitants in our universe, but these hopes have been squashed considering how large the universe is, and how impossible the possibility of reaping the benefits from the large task is. Earth is our home now, and we must deal with its problems first before we deal with any other planets. Earth’s issues must be tackled first, for the sake of our planet and everyone, man or animal, on it.
Money is always an issue, no matter what. When looking at the “Pennies of Each Federal Spending Dollar” chart, space travel is so low in the national budget that it is included in the “all others” section, which only makes up 6% of the budget. Even when we went to the moon, there was no monetary return, so space travel is a waste of resources. We need all the extra money it can gather to protect our planet. Russell Roberts, a space enthusiast from the National Public Radio, said to “Leave the money here on Earth.” Like many others, he sees no point in using taxpayer dollars for useless, hopeless expeditions. Even though the freedom of traveling through space is promising, “we would do well to remember that we do not have a very good track record in......

...In the philosophy of mind, dualism is the theory that the mental and the physical—or mind and body or mind and brain—are, in some sense, radically different kinds of thing. Descartes calls the mind a thing that thinks and not an extended thing. He defines the body as an extended thing and not a thing that thinks. Descartes said that every material thing is defined by having extension. Which is another way of saying: it occupies space. Moreover it cannot share that space with another things. Even water or gas can be reduced to particles, and then you find they are extended things. So each occupies a unique portion of space. One of his argument for dualism is the argument for the soul. This argument states that you can doubt your your body, because of the dream argument, but you cannot doubt your mind. He had 2 arguments for skepticism: the dream argument, which involves sensory beliefs, and the evil genius argument, which are reasons based beliefs, specifically claiming that a God is powerful enough to deceive you. Descartes recalls that sometimes he has had perceptual experiences while dreaming that are exactly like those he has had while awake. Reflecting on this, Descartes concludes that “there are never any sure signs by means of which being awake can be distinguished from being asleep.” This leads him to doubt almost everything that he believes on the basis of sense perception, including his belief that he now has hands. The dream argument tells us that sensory are not......

...activities in the school curriculum, which included; Making and doing—which referred to doing everyday challenges at school, that were similar to the challenges that students had at home. Dewey
states that “working collaboratively on these activities would breing children into touch with how life took place”; History and geography, not as subjects, but as “expanding children’s perspective in time and space”; and in science, as described by Dewey as being “the investigation of various subject matter disciplines”, why and what to do to solve problems.
I lean towards the philosophy of progressivism, because I feel that progressivism allows for students to learn at their own pace and the individual style that would allow the students better success. This philosophy is also impressive to me because it incorporates learning by social interaction and the curriculum involves your personal experiences and individual interests.
Another philosophy that I have interest in is the Existentialism philosophy. After researching this philosophy for speech, I have found this philosophy very intriguing. Sometimes the traditional approach to educating isn’t always the solution for every student. A little freedom of choice and opportunity could go a long way toward succeeding in education. Giving a student the opportunity to be creative may give the student more confidence in what they know. I also find that with my own educational experience, when I had an interest in a subject and was......

...they will entrust the power to lead them in a society.
I consider this the best of all political philosophies because the individuals tend to agree to be governed in order for the whole society to put into proper order. This principle is also the basis of Democratic form of government. If the society does not want the people in their government, they possess the right to revolt against it because they are the ones who vested the authority to them. In our country, the social contract theory is present. We had already experienced to revolt against our president twice which shows democracy. We also cannot question the efficiency of these principle based on what our country’s current phase because our political culture has been inculcated with corruption, and this principle was created with good intention of making the society better. Therefore, I would still choose to live in a society based on Hobbesian principles.
4. I do not agree with Hegel’s philosophy that history is the unfolding of a rational pattern. Hegel tried to bridge the gap of philosophy and history. And for me, this is wrong. Philosophy deals primarily with universal rules and meanings while history generally applies itself to definite periods of change or unrest. Philosophy sees all things as essentially the same; history engages events as particular products of their time and space. We all know that his philosophy is that he proved that God exists through history. This was supported by his statement......