Arogenate dehydratases (ADTs) are enzymes found within the aromatic amino acid pathway. They are responsible for catalyzing the final step in phenylalanine (Phe) biosynthesis in vascular plants. While being essential for ...

Chilling tolerance describes the ability of a plant to grow and reproduce in low, but non-freezing, temperatures between 2°C to 12°C. Many important agricultural crops that evolved in warm climates lack the mechanisms to ...

Natural, artificial, and genomic selection are the driving forces of quantitative trait improvement in plants. Since the domestication of wheat over 10,000 years ago, steady gains in yield potential have resulted in a crop ...

Starch is used as main carbohydrate and energy reserve where it accumulates and stored in plastids. In cereal grains, there are three potential rate limiting steps of starch biosynthesis: production, transport and utilization ...

The Pressure Flow Hypothesis, presented in 1930 by Ernst Münch, is the most accepted model for photoassimilate translocation by the phloem of plants. Net photosynthetic sugar production occurs in source tissues, often ...

Plant oils are used in food, fuel, and feedstocks for many consumer products, and so understanding the process by which they are made and modified will help us to make plant oils more healthy, useful, and sustainable. While ...

The survival and fitness of photosynthetic organisms is critically dependent on the flexible response of the thylakoid membrane, harboring the photosynthetic machinery, and environmental changes. The first part of this ...