At exactly midnight on September 18, 1954, my telephone rang. It was Jim
Phalen, a friend of mine from the Long Beach Press-Telegram, and he had a
"good flying saucer report," hot off the wires. He read it to me. The lead
line was: "Thousands of people saw a huge fireball light up dark New Mexico
skies tonight."

The story went on to tell about how a "blinding green" fireball the size
of a full moon had silently streaked southeast across Colorado and northern
New Mexico at eight forty that night. Thousands of people had seen the fireball.
It had passed right over a crowded football stadium at Santa Fe, New Mexico,
and people in Denver said it "turned night into day." The crew of a TWA airliner
flying into Albuquerque from Amarillo, Texas, saw it. Every police and newspaper
switchboard in the two state area was jammed with calls.

One of the calls was from a man inquiring if anything unusual had happened
recently. When he was informed about the mysterious fireball he heaved an
audible sigh of relief, "Thanks," he said, "I was afraid I'd gotten some bad
bourbon." And he hung up.

Dr. Lincoln La Paz, world-famous authority on meteorites and head of the
University of New Mexico's Institute of Meteoritics, apparently took the occurrence
calmly. The wire story said he had told a reporter that he would plot its
course, try to determine where it landed, and go out and try to find it. "But,"
he said, "I don't expect to find anything."

When Jim Phalen had read the rest of the report he asked, "What was it?"

"It sounds to me like the green fireballs are back," I answered.

"What the devil are green fireballs?"

What the devil are green fireballs? I'd like to know. So would a lot of
other people.

The green fireballs streaked into UFO history late in November 1948, when
people around Albuquerque, New Mexico, began to report seeing mysterious "green
flares" at night. The first reports mentioned only a

48.The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects

"green streak in the sky," low on the horizon. From the description the
Air Force Intelligence people at Kirtland AFB in Albuquerque and the Project
Sign people at ATIC wrote the objects off as flares. After all, thousands
of GI's had probably been discharged with a duffel bag full of "liberated"
Very pistols and flares.

But as days passed the reports got better. They seemed to indicate that
the "flares" were getting larger and more people were reporting seeing them.
It was doubtful if this "growth" was psychological because there had been
no publicity - so the Air Force decided to reconsider the "flare" answer.
They were in the process of doing this on the night of December 5, 1948, a
memorable night in the green fireball chapter of UFO history.

At 9:27 P.M. on December 5, an Air Force C-47 transport was flying at 18,000
feet 10 miles east of Albuquerque. The pilot was a Captain Goede. Suddenly
the crew, Captain Goede, his co-pilot, and his engineer were startled by a
green ball of fire flashing across the sky ahead of them. It looked something
like a huge meteor except that it was a bright green color and it didn't arch
downward, as meteors usually do. The green- colored ball of fire had started
low, from near the eastern slopes of the Sandia Mountains, arched upward a
little, then seemed to level out. And it was too big for a meteor, at least
it was larger than any meteor that anyone in the C-47 had ever seen before.
After a hasty discussion the crew decided that they'd better tell somebody
about it, especially since they had seen an identical object twenty-two minutes
before near Las Vegas, New Mexico.

Captain Goede picked up his microphone and called the control tower at
Kirtland AFB and reported what he and his crew had seen. The tower relayed
the message to the local intelligence people.

A few minutes later the captain of Pioneer Airlines Flight 63 called Kirtland
Tower. At 9:35 P.M. he had also seen a green ball of fire just east of Las
Vegas, New Mexico. He was on his way to Albuquerque and would make a full
report when he landed.

When he taxied his DC-3 up to the passenger ramp at Kirtland a few minutes
later, several intelligence officers were waiting for him. He reported that
at 9:35 P.M. he was on a westerly heading, approaching Las Vegas from the
east, when he and his co-pilot saw what they first thought was a "shooting
star." It was ahead and a little above them. But, the captain said, it took
them only a split second to realize that whatever they saw was too low and
had too flat a trajectory to be a meteor. As they watched, the object seemed
to approach their airplane head on, changing color from orange red to green.
As it became bigger and bigger, the captain said, he thought sure it was going
to collide with them so he

Green Fireballs, Project Twinkle, Little Lights, and Grudge.49

racked the DC-3 up in a tight turn. As the green ball of fire got abreast
of them it began to fall toward the ground, getting dimmer and dimmer until
it disappeared. Just before he swerved the DC-3, the fireball was as big,
or bigger, than a full moon.

The intelligence officers asked a few more questions and went back to their
office. More reports, which had been phoned in from all over northern New
Mexico, were waiting for them. By morning a full-fledged investigation was
under way.

No matter what these green fireballs were, the military was getting a little
edgy. They might be common meteorites, psychologically enlarged flares, or
true UFO's, but whatever they were they were playing around in one of the
most sensitive security areas in the United States. Within 100 miles of Albuquerque
were two installations that were the backbone of the atomic bomb program,
Los Alamos and Sandia Base. Scattered throughout the countryside were other
installations vital to the defense of the U.S.: radar stations, fighter interceptor
bases, and the other mysterious areas that had been blocked off by high chain
link fences.

Since the green fireballs bore some resemblance to meteors or meteorites,
the Kirtland intelligence officers called in Dr. Lincoln La Paz.

Dr. La Paz said that he would be glad to help, so the officers explained
the strange series of events to him. True, he said, the description of the
fireballs did sound as if they might be meteorites - except for a few points.
One way to be sure was to try to plot the flight path of the green fireballs
the same way he had so successfully plotted the flight path of meteorites
in the past. From this flight path he could determine where they would have
hit the earth - if they were meteorites. They would search this area, and
if they found parts of a meteorite they would have the answer to the green
fireball riddle.

The fireball activity on the night of December 5 was made to order for
plotting flight paths. The good reports of that night included carefully noted
locations, the directions in which the green objects were seen, their heights
above the horizon, and the times when they were observed. So early the next
morning Dr. La Paz and a crew of intelligence officers were scouring northern
New Mexico. They started out by talking to the people who had made reports
but soon found out that dozens of other people had also seen the fireballs.
By closely checking the time of the observations, they determined that eight
separate fireballs had been seen. One was evidently more spectacular and was
seen by the most people. Everyone in northern New Mexico had seen it going
from west to east, so Dr. La Paz and his crew worked eastward across New Mexico
to the west border of Texas, talking to dozens of people. After many sleepless
hours

50.The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects

they finally plotted where it should have struck the earth. They searched
the area but found nothing. They went back over the area time and time again-nothing.
As Dr. La Paz later told me, this was the first time that he seriously doubted
the green fireballs were meteorites.

Within a few more days the fireballs were appearing almost nightly. The
intelligence officers from Kirtland decided that maybe they could get a good
look at one of them, so on the night of December 8 two officers took off in
an airplane just before dark and began to cruise around north of Albuquerque.
They had a carefully worked out plan where each man would observe certain
details if they saw one of the green fireballs. At 6:33 P.M. they saw one.
This is their report:

At 6:33 P.M. while flying at an indicated altitude of 11,500
feet, a strange phenomenon was observed. Exact position of the aircraft at
time of the observation was 20 miles east of the Las Vegas, N.M., radio range
station. The aircraft was on a compass course of 90 degrees. Capt. was pilot
and I was acting as copilot. I first observed the object and a split second
later the pilot saw it. It was 2,000 feet higher than the plane, and was approaching
the plane at a rapid rate of speed from 30 degrees to the left of our course.
The object was similar in appearance to a burning green flare, the kind that
is commonly used in the Air Force. However, the light was much more intense
and the object appeared considerably larger than a normal flare. The trajectory
of the object, when first sighted, was almost flat and parallel to the earth.
The phenomenon lasted about 2 seconds. At the end of this time the object
seemed to begin to burn out and the trajectory then dropped off rapidly. The
phenomenon was of such intensity as to be visible from the very moment it
ignited.

Back at Wright-Patterson AFB, ATIC was getting a blow-by-blow account of
the fireball activity but they were taking no direct part in the investigation.
Their main interest was to review all incoming UFO reports and see if the
green fireball reports were actually unique to the Albuquerque area. They
were. Although a good many UFO reports were coming in from other parts of
the U.S., none fit the description of the green fireballs.

All during December 1948 and January 1949 the green fireballs continued
to invade the New Mexico skies. Everyone, including the intelligence officers
at Kirtland AFB, Air Defense Command people, Dr. La Paz, and some of the most
distinguished scientists at Los Alamos had seen at least one.

In mid February 1949 a conference was called at Los Alamos to determine
what should be done to further pursue the investigation. The Air Force, Project
Sign, the intelligence people at Kirtland, and other interested parties had
done everything they could think of and still no answer.

Green Fireballs, Project Twinkle, Little Lights, and Grudge.51

Such notable scientists as Dr. Joseph Kaplan, a world-renowned authority
on the physics of the upper atmosphere, Dr. Edward Teller, of H-bomb fame,
and of course Dr. La Paz, attended, along with a lot of military brass and
scientists from Los Alamos.

This was one conference where there was no need to discuss whether or not
this special type of UFO, the green fireball, existed. Almost everyone at
the meeting had seen one. The purpose of the conference was to decide whether
the fireballs were natural or man-made and how to find out more about them.

As happens in any conference, opinions were divided. Some people thought
the green fireballs were natural fireballs. The proponents of the natural
meteor, or meteorite, theory presented facts that they had dug out of astronomical
journals. Greenish colored meteors, although not common, had been observed
on many occasions. The flat trajectory, which seemed to be so important in
proving that the green fireballs were extraterrestrial, was also nothing new.
When viewed from certain angles, a meteor can appear to have a flat trajectory.
The reason that so many had been seen during December of 1948 and January
of 1949 was that the weather had been unusually clear all over the Southwest
during this period.

Dr. La Paz led the group who believed that the green fireballs were not
meteors or meteorites. His argument was derived from the facts that he had
gained after many days of research and working with Air Force intelligence
teams. He stuck to the points that (1) the trajectory was too flat, (2) the
color was too green, and (3) he couldn't locate any fragments even though
he had found the spots where they should have hit the earth if they were meteorites.

People who were at that meeting have told me that Dr. La Paz's theory was
very interesting and that each point was carefully considered. But evidently
it wasn't conclusive enough because when the conference broke up, after two
days, it was decided that the green fireballs were a natural phenomenon of
some kind. It was recommended that this phase of the UFO investigation be
given to the Air Force's Cambridge Research Laboratory, since it is the function
of this group to study natural phenomena, and that Cambridge set up a project
to attempt to photograph the green fireballs and measure their speed, altitude,
and size.

In the late summer of 1949, Cambridge established Project Twinkle to solve
the mystery. The project called for establishing three cinetheodolite stations
near White Sands, New Mexico. A cinetheodolite is similar to a 35 mm. movie
camera except when you take a photograph of an object you also get a photograph
of three dials that show the time the photo was taken, the azimuth angle,
and the elevation angle of the camera.

52.The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects

If two or more cameras photograph the same object, it is possible to obtain
a very accurate measurement of the photographed object's altitude, speed,
and size.

Project Twinkle was a bust. Absolutely nothing was photographed. Of the
three cameras that were planned for the project, only one was available. This
one camera was continually being moved from place to place. If several reports
came from a certain area, the camera crew would load up their equipment and
move to that area, always arriving too late. Any duck hunter can tell you
that this is the wrong tactic; if you want to shoot any ducks pick a good
place and stay put, let the ducks come to you.

The people trying to operate Project Twinkle were having financial and
morale trouble. To do a good job they needed more and better equipment and
more people, but Air Force budget cuts precluded this. Moral support was free
but they didn't get this either.

When the Korean War started, Project Twinkle silently died, along with
official interest in green fireballs.

When I organized Project Blue Book in the summer of 1951 I'd never heard
of a green fireball. We had a few files marked "Los Alamos Conference," "Fireballs,"
"Project Twinkle," etc., but I didn't pay any attention to them.

Then one day I was at a meeting in Los Angeles with several other officers
from ATIC, and was introduced to Dr. Joseph Kaplan. When he found we were
from ATIC, his first question was, "What ever happened to the green fireballs?"
None of us had ever heard of them, so he quickly gave us the story. He and
I ended up discussing green fireballs. He mentioned Dr. La Paz and his opinion
that the green fireballs might be man-made, and although he respected La Paz's
professional ability, he just wasn't convinced. But he did strongly urge me
to get in touch with Dr. La Paz and hear his side of the story.

When I returned to ATIC I spent several days digging into our collection
of green fireball reports. All of these reports covered a period from early
December 1948 to 1949. As far as Blue Book's files were concerned, there hadn't
been a green fireball report for a year and a half.

I read over the report on Project Twinkle and the few notes we had on the
Los Alamos Conference, and decided that the next time I went to Albuquerque
I'd contact Dr. La Paz. I did go to Albuquerque several times but my visits
were always short and I was always in a hurry so I didn't get to see him.

It was six or eight months later before the subject of green fireballs
came up again. I was eating lunch with a group of people at the AEC's Los
Alamos Laboratory when one of the group mentioned the mysterious

Green Fireballs, Project Twinkle, Little Lights, and Grudge.53

kelly-green balls of fire. The strictly unofficial bull-session-type discussion
that followed took up the entire lunch hour and several hours of the afternoon.
It was an interesting discussion because these people, all scientists and
technicians from the lab, had a few educated guesses as to what they might
be. All of them had seen a green fireball, some of them had seen several.

One of the men, a private pilot, had encountered a fireball one night while
he was flying his Navion north of Santa Fe and he had a vivid way of explaining
what he'd seen. "Take a soft ball and paint it with some kind of fluorescent
paint that will glow a bright green in the dark," I remember his saying, "then
have someone take the ball out about 100 feet in front of you and about 10
feet above you. Have him throw the ball right at your face, as hard as he
can throw it. That's what a green fireball looks like."

The speculation about what the green fireballs were ran through the usual
spectrum of answers, a new type of natural phenomenon, a secret U.S. development,
and psychologically enlarged meteors. When the possibility of the green fireballs'
being associated with interplanetary vehicles came up, the whole group got
serious. They had been doing a lot of thinking about this, they said, and
they had a theory.

The green fireballs, they theorized, could be some type of unmanned test
vehicle that was being projected into our atmosphere from a "spaceship" hovering
several hundred miles above the earth. Two years ago I would have been amazed
to hear a group of reputable scientists make such a startling statement. Now,
however, I took it as a matter of course. I'd heard the same type of statement
many times before from equally qualified groups.

Turn the tables, they said, suppose that we are going to try to go to a
far planet. There would be three phases to the trip: out through the earth's
atmosphere, through space, and the re-entry into the atmosphere of the planet
we're planning to land on. The first two phases would admittedly present formidable
problems, but the last phase, the re-entry phase, would be the most critical.
Coming in from outer space, the craft would, for all practical purposes, be
similar to a meteorite except that it would be powered and not free falling.
You would have myriad problems associated with aerodynamic heating, high aerodynamic
loadings, and very probably a host of other problems that no one can now conceive
of. Certain of these problems could be partially solved by laboratory experimentation,
but nothing can replace flight testing, and the results obtained by flight
tests in our atmosphere would not be valid in another type of atmosphere.
The most logical way to overcome this difficulty would be

54.The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects

to build our interplanetary vehicle, go to the planet that we were interested
in landing on, and hover several hundred miles up. From this altitude we could
send instrumented test vehicles down to the planet. If we didn't want the
inhabitants of the planet, if it were inhabited, to know what we were doing
we could put destruction devices in the test vehicle, or arrange the test
so that the test vehicles would just plain burn up at a certain point due
to aerodynamic heating.

They continued, each man injecting his ideas.

Maybe the green fireballs are test vehicles-somebody else's. The regular
UFO reports might be explained by the fact that the manned vehicles were venturing
down to within 100,000 or 200,000 feet of the earth, or to the altitude at
which atmosphere re-entry begins to get critical.

I had to go down to the airstrip to get a CARGO Airlines plane back to
Albuquerque so I didn't have time to ask a lot of questions that came into
my mind. I did get to make one comment. From the conversations, I assumed
that these people didn't think the green fireballs were any kind of a natural
phenomenon. Not exactly, they said, but so far the evidence that said they
were a natural phenomenon was vastly outweighed by the evidence that said
they weren't.

During the kidney jolting trip down the valley from Los Alamos to Albuquerque
in one of the CARGO Airlines' Bonanzas, I decided that I'd stay over an extra
day and talk to Dr. La Paz.

He knew every detail there was to know about the green fireballs. He confirmed
my findings, that the genuine green fireballs were no longer being seen. He
said that he'd received hundreds of reports, especially after he'd written
several articles about the mysterious fireballs, but that all of the reported
objects were just greenish colored, common, everyday meteors.

Dr. La Paz said that some people, including Dr. Joseph Kaplan and Dr. Edward
Teller, thought that the green fireballs were natural meteors. He didn't think
so, however, for several reasons. First the color was so much different. To
illustrate his point, Dr. La Paz opened his desk drawer and took out a well
worn chart of the color spectrum. He checked off two shades of green; one
a pale, almost yellowish green and the other a much more distinct vivid green.
He pointed to the bright green and told me that this was the color of the
green fireballs. He'd taken this chart with him when he went out to talk to
people who had seen the green fireballs and everyone had picked this one color.
The pale green, he explained, was the color reported in the cases of documented
green meteors.

Then there were other points of dissimilarity between a meteor and the
green fireballs. The trajectory of the fireballs was too flat. Dr. La Paz

Green Fireballs, Project Twinkle, Little Lights, and Grudge.55

explained that a meteor doesn't necessarily have to arch down across the
sky, its trajectory can appear to be flat, but not as flat as that of the
green fireballs. Then there was the size. Almost always such descriptive words
as "terrifying," "as big as the moon," and "blinding" had been used to describe
the fireballs. Meteors just aren't this big and bright.

No ---Dr. La Paz didn't think that they were meteors.

Dr. La Paz didn't believe that they were meteorites either.

A meteorite is accompanied by sound and shock waves that break windows
and stampede cattle. Yet in every case of a green fireball sighting the observers
reported that they did not hear any sound.

But the biggest mystery of all was the fact that no particles of a green
fireball had ever been found. If they were meteorites, Dr. La Paz was positive
that he would have found one. He'd missed very few times in the cases of known
meteorites. He pulled a map out of his file to show me what he meant. It was
a map that he had used to plot the spot where a meteorite had hit the earth.
I believe it was in Kansas. The map had been prepared from information he
had obtained from dozens of people who had seen the meteorite come flaming
toward the earth. At each spot where an observer was standing he'd drawn in
the observer's line of sight to the meteorite. From the dozens of observers
he had obtained dozens of lines of sight. The lines all converged to give
Dr. La Paz a plot of the meteorite's downward trajectory. Then he had been
able to plot the spot where it had struck the earth. He and his crew went
to the marked area, probed the ground with long steel poles, and found the
meteorite.

Of all the successful expeditions in his file this was just one case that
he showed me. He had records of many more similar expeditions.

Then he showed me some other maps. The plotted lines looked identical to
the ones on the map I'd just seen. Dr. La Paz had used the same techniques
on these plots and had marked an area where he wanted to search. He had searched
the area many times but he had never found anything.

These were plots of the path of a green fireball.

When Dr. La Paz had finished, I had one last question, "What do you think
they are?"

He weighed the question for a few seconds then he said that all he cared
to say was that he didn't think that they were a natural phenomenon. He thought
that maybe someday one would hit the earth and the mystery would be solved.
He hoped that they were a natural phenomenon.

After my talk with Dr. La Paz I can well understand his apparent calmness
on the night of September 18, 1954, when the newspaper reporter called him
to find out if he planned to investigate this latest green fireball

56.The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects

report. He was speaking from experience, not indifference, when he said,
"But I don't expect to find anything."

If the green fireballs are back, I hope that Dr. La Paz gets an answer
this time.

The story of the UFO now goes back to late January 1949, the time when
the Air Force was in the midst of the green fireball mystery. In another part
of the country another odd series of events was taking place. The center of
activity was a highly secret area that can't be named, and the recipient of
the UFO's, which were formations of little lights, was the U.S. Army.

The series of incidents started when military patrols who were protecting
the area began to report seeing formations of lights flying through the night
sky. At first the lights were reported every three or four nights, but inside
of two weeks the frequency had stepped up. Before long they were a nightly
occurrence. Some patrols reported that they had seen three or four formations
in one night. The sightings weren't restricted to the men on patrol. One night,
just at dusk, during retreat, the entire garrison watched a formation pass
directly over the post parade ground.

As usual with UFO reports, the descriptions of the lights varied but the
majority of the observers reported a V formation of three lights. As the formation
moved through the sky, the lights changed in color from a bluish white to
orange and back to bluish white. This color cycle took about two seconds.
The lights usually traveled from west to east and made no sound. They didn't
streak across the sky like a meteor, but they were "going faster than a jet."
The lights were "a little bigger than the biggest star." Once in a while the
GI's would get binoculars on them but they couldn't see any more details.
The lights just looked bigger.

From the time of the first sighting, reports of the little lights were
being sent to the Air Force through Army Intelligence channels. The reports
were getting to ATIC, but the green fireball activity was taking top billing
and no comments went back to the Army about their little lights. According
to an Army G-2 major to whom I talked in the Pentagon, this silence was taken
to mean that no action, other than sending in reports, was necessary on the
part of the Army.

But after about two weeks of nightly sightings and no apparent action by
the Air Force, the commander of the installation decided to take the initiative
and set a trap. His staff worked out a plan in record time. Special UFO patrols
would be sent out into the security area and they would be furnished with
sighting equipment. This could be the equipment that they normally used for
fire control. Each patrol would be sent to a specific location and would set
up a command post. Operating out of the command

Green Fireballs, Project Twinkle, Little Lights, and Grudge.57

post, at points where the sky could be observed, would be sighting teams.
Each team had sighting equipment to measure the elevation and azimuth angle
of the UFO. Four men were to be on each team, an instrument man, a timer,
a recorder, and a radio operator. All the UFO patrols would be assigned special
radio frequencies.

The operating procedure would be that when one sighting team spotted a
UFO the radio operator would call out his team's location, the location of
the UFO in the sky, and the direction it was going. All of the other teams
from his patrol would thus know when to look for the UFO and begin to sight
on it. While the radio man was reporting, the instrument man on the team would
line up the UFO and begin to call out the angles of elevation and azimuth.
The timer would call out the time; the recorder would write all of this down.
The command post, upon hearing the report of the UFO, would call the next
patrol and tell them. They too would try to pick it up.

Here was an excellent opportunity to get some concrete data on at least
one type of UFO. It was something that should have been done from the start.
Speeds, altitudes, and sizes that are estimated just by looking at a UFO are
miserably inaccurate. But if you could accurately establish that some type
of object was traveling 30,000 miles an hour, even 3,000 miles an hour - through
our atmosphere, the UFO story would be the biggest story since the Creation.

The plan seemed foolproof and had the full support of every man who was
to participate. For the first time in history every GI wanted to get on the
patrols. The plan was quickly written up as a field order, approved, and mimeographed.
Since the Air Force had the prime responsibility for the UFO investigation,
it was decided that the plan should be quickly coordinated with the Air Force,
so a copy was rushed to them. Time was critical because every group of nightly
reports might be the last. Everything was ready to roll the minute the Air
Force said "Go."

The Air Force didn't O.K. the plan. I don't know where the plan was killed,
or who killed it, but it was killed. Its death caused two reactions.

Many people thought that the plan was killed so that too many people wouldn't
find out the truth about UFO's. Others thought somebody was just plain stupid.
Neither was true. The answer was simply that the official attitude toward
UFO's had drastically changed in the past few months. They didn't exist, they
couldn't exist. It was the belief at ATIC that the one last mystery, the green
fireballs, had been solved a few days before at Los Alamos. The fireballs
were meteors and Project Twinkle would prove it. Any further investigation
by the Army would be a waste of time and effort.

58. The Report on Unidentified Flying Objects

This drastic change in official attitude is as difficult to explain as
it was difficult for many people who knew what was going on inside Project
Sign to believe. I use the words "official attitude" because at this time
UFO's had become as controversial a subject as they are today. All through
intelligence circles people had chosen sides and the two UFO factions that
exist today were born.

On one side was the faction that still believed in flying saucers. These
people, come hell or high water, were hanging on to their original ideas.
Some thought that the UFO's were interplanetary spaceships. Others weren't
quite as bold and just believed that a good deal more should be known about
the UFO's before they were so completely written off. These people weren't
a bunch of nuts or crackpots either. They ranged down through the ranks from
generals and top grade civilians. On the outside their views were backed up
by civilian scientists.

On the other side were those who didn't believe in flying saucers. At one
time many of them had been believers. When the UFO reports were pouring in
back in 1947 and 1948, they were just as sure that the UFO's were real as
the people they were now scoffing at. But they had changed their minds. Some
of them had changed their minds because they had seriously studied the UFO
reports and just couldn't see any evidence that the UFO's were real. But many
of them could see the "I don't believe" band wagon pulling out in front and
just jumped on.

This change in the operating policy of the UFO project was so pronounced
that I, like so many other people, wondered if there was a hidden reason for
the change. Was it actually an attempt to go underground - to make the project
more secretive? Was it an effort to cover up the fact that UFO's were proven
to be interplanetary and that this should be withheld from the public at all
cost to prevent a mass panic? The UFO files are full of references to the
near mass panic of October 30, 1938, when Orson Welles presented his now famous
"The War of the Worlds" broadcast.

This period of "mind changing" bothered me. Here were people deciding that
there was nothing to this UFO business right at a time when the reports seemed
to be getting better. From what I could see, if there was any mind changing
to be done it should have been the other way, skeptics should have been changing
to believers.

Maybe I was just playing the front man to a big cover-up. I didn't like
it because if somebody up above me knew that UFO's were really space craft,
I could make a big fool out of myself if the truth came out. I checked into
this thoroughly. I spent a lot of time talking to people who had worked on
Project Grudge.

The Dark Ages.59

The anti saucer faction was born because of an old psychological trait,
people don't like to be losers. To be a loser makes one feel inferior and
incompetent. On September 23, 1947, when the chief of ATIC sent a letter to
the Commanding General of the Army Air Forces stating that UFO's were real,
intelligence committed themselves. They had to prove it. They tried for a
year and a half with no success. Officers on top began to get anxious and
the press began to get anxious. They wanted an answer. Intelligence had tried
one answer, the then Top Secret Estimate of the Situation that "proved" that
UFO's were real, but it was kicked back. The people on the UFO project began
to think maybe the brass didn't consider them too sharp so they tried a new
hypothesis: UFO's don't exist. In no time they found that this was easier
to prove and it got recognition. Before if an especially interesting UFO report
came in and the Pentagon wanted an answer, all they'd get was an "It could
be real but we can't prove it." Now such a request got a quick, snappy "It
was a balloon," and feathers were stuck in caps from ATIC up to the Pentagon.
Everybody felt fine.

In early 1949 the term "new look" was well known. The new look in women's
fashions was the lower hemlines, in automobiles it was longer lines. In UFO
circles the new look was cuss 'em.

The new look in UFO's was officially acknowledged on February 11, 1949,
when an order was written that changed the name of the UFO project from Project
Sign to Project Grudge. The order was supposedly written because the classified
name, Project Sign, had been compromised. This was always my official answer
to any questions about the name change. I'd go further and say that the names
of the projects, first Sign, then Grudge, had no significance. This wasn't
true, they did have significance, a lot of it.