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Multiple Sclerosis—Adult

Definition

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system. It is a chronic condition that can be disabling.

There are several types of MS:

Relapsing-remitting MS
—Symptoms suddenly reappear periodically. They last for a few weeks or months, then go back into remission (a period with no symptoms). Symptoms may get worse with each occurrence.

Primary progressive MS
—Symptoms gradually worsen after symptoms first appear. Relapses and remissions usually do not occur.

Causes

The immune system normally attacks viruses or bacteria that should not be in the body. With MS, a problem with the immune system causes it to attack healthy nerves. In particular, MS attacks the nerve fibers in the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves of the eye. The exact cause of these immune problems is unknown.

The following may contribute to the development of MS:

Viral or other infection

Genetic factors (heredity)

Environmental factors

Breaking down of parts of the nervous system

Risk Factors

MS is more common in women and in people aged 15-50 years old. Other factors that may increase your chance of MS include:

Lumbar puncture
—to check the fluid around the brain and spinal cord, which may rule out other diseases

Blood tests—to rule out other diseases that may mimic MS

Treatment

There is no cure for MS, you can manage the disease with medication, lifestyle changes, and counseling. Treatment will help relieve symptoms, prevent relapses, delay disability, and slow disease progression. Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Options include:

Medications

Medications can help slow progress, prevent new lesions, and manage symptoms.

Types of medications that can slow the progression of MS or prevent new lesions from developing include:

Interferon betas

Immunomodulators

Immunosuppressives

Corticosteroids may be given to reduce inflammation during active phases. This may lessen the effects of the immune system on the nerve fibers and shorten the length of relapses.

Supportive Therapies

Other therapies may help relieve some physical and emotional symptoms of MS. Each therapy has unique benefits and potential side effects which may interfere with other therapies you are using. Work with your medical team to help find therapies that work best for you. Supportive therapies include:

Revisions

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This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.