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Tiwanaku ● In the Bolivian altiplano on the southern side of Lake Titicaca, feet above sea level. ● The Inca found Tiwanaku in the 15 th century; believed that they were the descendants of the creators of Tiwanaku ● Intricate, architecturally impressive stonework ● No written records ● Pseudoscientific theories abound to explain the rise and fall of Tiwanaku

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● Structures were created by aliens or with alien help. ● Depictions of gods were actually of aliens ● Ancient technology was not advanced enough to construct places like Tiwanaku ● Critics point out that technology was sufficient; that aliens could not have been a “mother race” due to biological differences; and that Daniken fabricated evidence for the theory.

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Racism and Ethnocentrism “Either this data is to be explained by assuming these primitive idiots did this themselves or we must accept that the more plausible notion that they got helped from other planets where such technologies as anti- gravity devices had been invented.” Erich von Daniken

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“[There were] two primogenital races from which the population of North and South America was formed...” Arthur Posnansky

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Racism and Ethnocentrism ● Daniken argued that the “less advanced” Native Americans were incapable of creating Tiwanaku without alien help ● Posnansky argued that the “primitive troglodytes” descended from the true builders of Tiwanaku ● He viewed Tiwanaku as the cradle of civilization for all of the Americas

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Entertainment

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● Archaeology is made more interesting to audiences by embellishing details and selecting more striking facts. ● Some entertainment leaps outside of the facts, while the audience mistakes it for real archaeology. ● Sites are presented as magical, mystical, and mysterious.