Category: Protocol

Perhaps you are thinking that you could care less about some routing protocol called BGP. Could it possibly have anything to do with your everyday life? The answer is yes. BGP is the routing protocol of the Internet. BGP is…

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a distance vector interior routing protocol (IGP) invented by Cisco. It is used by routers to exchange routing data within an autonomous system. IGRP is a proprietary protocol. IGRP was created in part to…

One question that routinely comes up in a particular forum that we frequent is “How do I port forward a range of ports?” Usually, this question is met with one of two answers: 1) you don’t, or 2) manually enter…

NAT (Network Address Translation), it in simple terms translates an IP address into another. Network Address Translation is of different types like Static NAT (One to One) Dynamic NAT (Many to Many) Overloading (Many to One) The main purpose of…

Hot Standby Routing Protocol or HSRP, is a Cisco proprietary protocol that allows two or more routers to work together to represent a single IP address for a particular network. HSRP, as well as Virtual Route Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) are…

In this article we will cover comparison of various first hop redundancy protocols. HSRP, VRRP and GLBP are the main three first hop redundancy protocols. In order to take the right decision for your network you should know the basics regarding all…

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP) as the name implies can be used to configure Gateway redundancy between a group of routers and at the same time load balance the traffic across all of them. GLBP is similar to the High availability…

When designing a network, one of the common things to focus on after simple access is how the network will deal with failure. Part of this process is trying to build as much redundancy into the design as financially possible,…

This article contains Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s) about Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6). Q. How to limit clients getting an IPv6 address without using a DHCP server ? A. Use the command“ipv6nd prefix <prefix> no-advertise”.This will set a bit in theIPv6 NA…

‘How to Fix OSPF Split Area with GRE Tunnel?’ Well, here we will share a document of Fixing OSPF Split Area with GRE Tunnel from Cisco Support Community, which tell us the details and steps to configure OSPF, GRE Tunnel…

Tunneling provides a mechanism to transport packets of one protocol within another protocol. The protocol that is carried is called as the passenger protocol, and the protocol that is used for carrying the passenger protocol is called as the transport…

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a Layer 2 protocol that runs on bridges and switches. The specification for STP is IEEE 802.1D. The main purpose of STP is to ensure that you do not create loops when you have redundant…

DHCP snooping allows the switch to monitor and control DHCP messages received from untrusted devices connected to the switch. When DHCP snooping is enabled, the system builds and maintains a database of valid IP-address/MAC-address (IP-MAC) bindings called the DHCP snooping…

What is VTPv3? VTP version 3 is the third version of the VLAN trunk protocol and enhances its initial functions well beyond the handling of VLAN matters. There is a document at Cisco.com about VTPv3. Let’s dig into that. Features The…

The Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a network protocol that ensures a loop-free topology for any bridged Ethernet local area network. The basic function of STP is to prevent bridge loops and the broadcast radiation that results from them. Spanning…

With the importance of internet security being at the forefront of everyone’s mind these days, importance of keeping data safe while in transit is vital. There are of course a number of different technologies that are available to keep data…

“What is your favorite use of the word Virtual? Virtual Machine, Virtual Reality, Virtual Assistant? One of my favorites is Virtual Local Area Network, (VLAN). Join me as we discover the secrets of the VLAN and why it is a…

IP Source Guard is a per-interface traffic filter that permits IP traffic only when the IP address and MAC address of each packet matches one of two sources of IP and MAC address bindings: •Entries in the Dynamic Host Configuration…

A VSS is network system virtualization technology that pools multiple Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switches into one virtual switch, increasing operational efficiency, boosting nonstop communications, and scaling system bandwidth capacity to 1.4 Tbps. At the initial phase, a VSS will…

Here we go, with the configuration of DHCP snooping on a Cisco Switch. This feature protects the network by allowing the Cisco Switches to accept DHCP response message only from the authorized servers connected to the trusted interfaces in a…

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