Landforms and Rivers

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Transcript of Landforms and Rivers

One river will eventually be formed by streams and lakes for example the Amazon or the St.Lawrence. On a mapthe rivers are always shown as a blue line on the paper or where ever the map is drawn it usually looks like a web. Well these rivers cross each other they come from the high point and they go to the low point. The high point is called the headwaters or the source and the low water is called the outflow or the mouth. Some river mouths are long tapering inlets such as the St.Lawrence. This river mouth is called a drowned river mouth, that tells us if water levels have gotten higher or that the land has sunk. erosion from land up stream has made deltas of sediment in rivers such as the Ganges river. This metireal has been deposited from the land upstream. Landforms and Rivers hi Volcanoes change the earth Understanding Landform Patterns where are valcanoes found

volcanos usually are found along the edges of the plates. some platesare being dragged toward eachotherby currents in the mantle below.when two plates collide, the ocean plate dragged underneath the biggercontinental plate. the end of the platemelts as it is pulled into the hotmantel,then the melted material finds its way back to the suurface through cracks in the earth's surface where are volcanoes found the pacific ring of fire the mid atlantic ridge The mid Atlantic ridge is a line of volcanic islands cutting through the Iceland. the mid Atlantic ridge occurs where major plates are moving apart and allowing magma to seep through the earths crust.there is a similar ridge in the Indian ocean. Investigating River Systems Great rivers of the world. Great rivers of the earth. Drainage patterns The pollution of drainage basins. The pollution of drainage basins A volcano is really spectacular from all of the molten rock spewed out of the top of the volcano it is like fireworks but much louder and brighter too. All of this comes from the mantle below the earths surface. Volcanoes change the earth from how they're creating and destroying landforms. Did you know that all of Hawaii's islands were created from volcanoes. The Pollution of Drainage Basins. Volcanoes are mostly found along the edges of the Earth's plates the Earth's plates are always being dragged together. when two plates hit each other the Ocean plate is dragged into the Earth's mantle and it then finds its way to the earth's surface through cracks , those cracks are volcanoes this usually happens around the pacific ocean parts of Europe and Asia, and in a loop through the the Caribbean region right over south America. words matter River systems: the whole network of streams and lakes that form one river. Dendritic drainage: the treelike drainage pattern created if rivers cross a gradual slope over one basic type of rock. Trellis drainage: the rectangular drainage patern created if rivers flow throught alternating bands of hard and soft rock. The Pacific Ring Of Fire is a circle of active volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ring Of Fire is very close to plates boundaries, that makes it easier for the magma to find its way up to the earths surface through cracks. The pacific ring of fire is around japan, and the Philippines. compisite cone: a Composite cone: a composite coneis a volcano with layers of cinders and magma. Investigating River Systems. Volcanoes Change the Earth. Tsunami: a long high wave caused by an undersea earthquake;a Japanese term meaning "harbour wave". Natural Disasters inthe News. Understanding Land formPatterns. Shield cone:a volcano that's completelymade of magma. Evelyn Emily Rachel Evelyn Chloe Tsunamis are very powerful they can break through window and basement windows one example was A Tsunamis that reached over 30 meters high and flipped over the train and the train track too! Tsunamis are very dangerous and the devastation is horrible they turn communities to ruble. Tsunamis often get mistaken for a tidal wave or a storm surge. A tidal wave is a bulge in the oceans surface a storm surge is a rise in the sea level. A Tsunamis is different because it is a earth quake under water and shakes the oceans floor. When this happens a shock races through the water. Earthquakes happen every three minutes around the world or 180000 times a year. Most earthquakes are not strong enough for us to feel or get seriously injured. Bigger earthquakes are incredibly dangerous Earthquakes occur because the earth is always in motion. The earth is like an egg core (yolk) mantle (egg white) crust (egg shell). Currents beneath the earth move the plates around. Earthquakes occur when the plates are pushed apart or pushed together. When strong energy is released by a break point is called a epicenter. An earthquake is measured by a 10 point richer scale. The bigger the earthquake the bigger the number. (Eg; 4.7, 2.9) Natural Diasters in the news Tsunamis are very powerful they can destroy just about everything in their path. In south east asia a Tsunamis that reached over 30 meters high, flipped over the train and the train track too! Tsunamis are very dangerous and the devastation is horrible. They turn communities to rubble. Tsunamis often get mistaken for a tidal wave or a storm surge. A tidal wave is a bulge in the oceans surface caused by a storm surge is a sudden rise in the sea level. A Tsunamis is different because it is a earthquake under water and it shakes the oceans floor. When this happens a shock races through the water. Earthquakes happen every three minutes around the world or 180,000 times a year. Most earthquakes are not strong enough for us to feel or get seriously injured. Bigger earthquakes are incredibly dangerous These examples are a volcano, ancient shield region, fold mountains , and plains & lowlands. Plate tectonics: the theory that all the continents were once joined together and are gradually drifting apart Igneous rock: solidified magma from inside the earth Metamorphic rock: changed rock Sedimentary rock: thick beds of sediment that have slowly solidified into rock LandformPatterns Active volcanoes Ancient shield regions Plains and Lowlands Fold mountains Geographers are looking at patterns in the earth. To help them arrange cities, landforms, and river systems; this helps identify unique regions. We will be focussing on landform patterns found on many continents. This features active volcanoes, ancient shield region, fold mountains, plains and lowlands. Shields, Plains and Lowlands Land masses have been built up and worn down, repeatedly. A scottish geologist, James Hutton, advanced this idea in 1785, but scientists disagreed. They think that the earth is only 6000 years old but that would be too little for the earth to evolve. A landform pioneer, Alfred Wegener, thought all the continents were once one big landmass, called Pangaea, and they are gradually drifting apart. This is otherwise know as plate tectonics. Shield Regions Regions that were created by widespread volcanic activity, made billions of years before, are largely composed igneous rock, or solidified magma. Heat and pressure altered some parts of the old shield regions, leaving metamorphic rock, or changed rock. Shield regions can change over time by the forces of erosion-water, wind, and ice. Plains and Lowland Regions The plains are a large area of land, with minor differences in elevation, (less than 500 feet 150 meters). The Plains were formed by sediment deposits from the rivers and glaciers, into ancient seas. Lowlands are plains located along coastlines. Canada has three lowland regions: Interior Plains, Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Lowlands and Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands. Plains and lowlands are under laid by sedimentary rock, or sediment that has solidified into rock. Fold Mountain Regions Fold mountains are the most common type of mountains. They form where two tectonic plates collide, there is no place for the earth to go so it folds itself upward into a bump. These have evolved since the Earth was formed. These mountains also divide the flow of rivers, provide a home for wildlife, and they create ecozones. A really big part of our worldsnatural system is the river. Riversin Canada are made by melted snow and rain. Rivers create two different patterns when they carry extra moisturefrom the land. These patterns are tree like or rectangular like drainage patterns which are the outcome of different landforms and rocks. Thanks 4 watching Rachel! Emily! Chloe! Evelyn! Thank you for watching! The End!! Drainage Basins are when one river system drains an entire region, for example, the St. Lawrence river. When rivers are connected, pollution can easily come together in drainage basins. This can cause problems because industrial muck and fertilizers from farmland destroy the water that is sent downstream. This directly effects people and animals who live near these drainage areas. Earthquakes occur because the earth is always in motion. The earth is like a egg. Core (yolk) mantle (egg white) crust (egg shell.) Currents beneath the earth are moving the plates around. Earthquakes occur when the plates are pushed together or pushed apart. When strong energy is released their is a break point, called a epicentre. An earthquake is measured by a ten point richer scale. Ten being the highest and one being the lowest. The bigger the earthquake the bigger the number eg; 5:7, 3:9, 8:2. Natural Disasters in the News TIDAL WAVE: The bulge in the oceans surface caused by a pull of moon's gravity. which becomes a high tide at each place it travels to. STORM SURGE: The sudden rise in the sea level caused by high winds pushing toward coastlines. EPICENTRE: the break point where earths plate move suddenly causing an earthquake. Core: A hot dense zone under intease presure from the wieght of overlyling rock material. MANTLE: A zone of the thick molten rock called magma slowly moves in broad currents Crust: A thin, brittle shell broken into several pieces called plates ,and floating and floating on the mantle. A river is a network of streams thatwill eventually form one river. On amap rivers will show up as blue webs.These systems flow from high places to low places. A drowned river mouthmeans that ocean levels have risen or the land has sunk. The Ganges river of India, has gotten rid of low line deltas which are land forms that was formed at the rivers mouth, thismaterial was from land upstream.