Screen reading is the prevalent approach for presenting graphical desktop applications in audio. The primary function of a screen reader is to describe what the user encounters when interacting with a graphical user interface (GUI). This straightforward method allows people with visual impairments to hear exactly what is on the screen, but with significant usability problems in a multitasking environment. Screen reader users must infer the state of on-going tasks spanning multiple graphical windows from a single, serial stream of speech.Some automotive dashboard navigation systems such as the Pioneer AVIC-Z1
are fully speech enabled for both audio input ... The Sonicguide (Kay, 1974)
takes the form of a pair of spectacles equipped with an ultrasonic transmitter on
the bridge and two ultrasonic receivers on each side. ... The GuideCane (
Borenstein and Ulrich, 1997) relieves the user from the burden of manually
sweeping a set ofanbsp;...