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¦ "The One Idea Which History Exhibits A...

¦ " The one Idea which History exhibits as evermore developing itself in . to greater distinctness i 3 the Idea of Humanity—the fibble " -.,. .. endeavour to throw down , all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided yiew 3 ; and , by setting aside the distinctions ; of Religion , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—th . e free development - of our spiritual nature . "—HumboUWt Cosmos . ' V " v . •;

Vol. Vil No. 302.] Saturday, Jaotaey 5, ...

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" Pross-Purposes" Appears To Be The Ex-^...

" pROSS-PURPOSES" appears to be the ex-^ pression that best represents the state of German diplomacy- Austria has again been mediating , while the Powers between whom she mediates are brandishing the sword as lustily as ever . The EmperorNAPoLBON th e Third is haranguing his . Imperial Guard ; the Emperor Al . bxandkr ; the Second is circulating to his agents at foreigfu courts—both in a tone of defiance ; anil it is' evident , even before the negotiations are concluded , that the Germans themselves are losing thefy hopes of peace . The harangue to the Imperial Guard was manifestly intended as something more than a compliment to that force- It was a great military spectacle , / l esigned for use at home as well as abroad . The troops recalled from the Crimea * comprised some regiments of the Guard and some of the Line ; they included regiments which particularly distinguished themselves in the final attack ; the flags of the Fiftietn hung in tatters from the staff . The old title of Guard is wedded with the new one of Zouave . The hereditary empire Mas displayed with all [ its newest Jhonours ; the tried army was present in the capital ; the French had the opportunity of feeling that thcirjorm national prido was identified with the success of their brethren in the field , and of reflecting that daily it becomes more difficult to contest a power thus consolidated . So much for the lesson homewards : the lesson abroad was moralised by the act mil words of the Empkkoh . He told his troops that ho ' wnntcil soldiers hardened in battle , and inured to the endurances of war ? that he wanted trained soldiers ready to be U > d in any direction . The words were received with acclamations by tlio soldiers ; they will bu understood in the north of Europe . It would seem , however , that the Oz . vu is in no way daunted . The latest emanation from St . Petersburg ia the circular which seta forth the terms on which Ai , rx \ ndeh thk Second is willing to mnkc peace . We have not yet the reply to " the Austrian proposal , but we sec the will of the Eaiphrou a fortnight or throe nocks buck . IU must have changed very miraculously if ho ia now willing

to make peace . At that date he was prepared to consent to the third of the Four Points , arranged thus : the Siraits to be closed ; all war ships of other powers to be excluded ; the relative force of Russia and Turkey to be settled between the two States without the ostensible interference of other powers . Now since Austria had demanded the right of interference by the other powers , and since the Western Powers had expressly stipulated for the right of Turkey to open the Straits ., and for the constant presence of a specified force under the allied flags , Russia must have known that in propounding these new terms of peace she was doing little else than defying both the course of events and the known resolve of the Allies . Alexander is not prepared to consider what was'demanded of him in March last before Sebastopol was taken , and before preparations were made for carrying on the war in the Baltic as vigorously as ia the Euxinc . It would appear that a Council of War is to be held in Paris . La Maumoh . v lias already arrived in Turin on bis way to the French Capital ; Can-Robert had previously arranged the co-operation of Sweden . Although our own fleet is dispersed , it is ready to reassemble , and it has long been known that the materials to be used in the next Baltic campaign would be in the proportion of the closing scene at Sebastopol , and not of the futile attacks upon Bomnrsuml and Swe-aborg . Inilin sends us nothing signal , but semis enough to show that activities are going on in Unit barbaric l-. inil ' of heterogeneous races . The fumiUcleader in Oiul ; , at . whose intrigues the local Government had winked , has succeeded in causing an outbreak , has led the State into a civil . war , and Ima compelled thu use of ainns to put dovvn that disturbance . During ' ' , the sti'uncjjh * , so :. nc strange fruits of Instill" : discord between the native races were exhibited . On the siilo of legitimate order was one gunner , who was u Mussulman , who refused , nnd he su >; nl alone , Jo point his gun against his follows iu religion—lie was sabred itt onee . This incident is of small importance ; but bow loudly it speaks of those theocratic hatreds whidi the common British rule baa boon quite iueujiable of extinguishing . Were the liritiah removed , it is quite clear that India would ni onee b « torn by

the warfare of its own races . It is Britain alone that maintains peace ; but Britain has hitherto ueglected the duty of endeavouring to absorb the conflicting barbaric rules into onr own . That kind of- ' compromise vhieh ; governs us-in ' -public " affairs * has been " . too prevalent in . India . We . liave let States continue in aE ( e ( graiypcalcpnditipn , and Oude is among themr—one of those semi-independent States that sap the integrity of our Indian ^ mpire . Probably it will now be in due time absorbed . The proclamation of martial law in the Santal district is the first step towards effectually putting down the insurrection . The step is spoken of as being arbitrary ; but it is not so . It is much better when ' a district- is incapable of aiding in the administration of civil law , that the law by which it is really governed , the law of arms , should be recognised , and that the only jurisdiction which ^ then effectual should be unimpeded by a pretenSfeyj-r maintenance of thecivil rule thathasfallen out of use . Another question is raised beyond the _ Indian border . Governed by a voluptilary tyrant , Herat has risen against its Sultan , has given itself to Persia , and is novr added to the Empire of the -Shah . Whether he will be sanctioned in keeping it we have yet to learn . He does not stand on the best footing with this country . For sonic reason , at present unexplained , the British Ambassador , the Honourable Chakl . es Augustus Muiikay , has taken down his flag . . Persia has before now rendered herself suspected of subserviency to Russia . Herat is the key to Northern India , and it is really an important question whether that key shall be placed in the custody of our equivocal ally . Those who peruse the correspondence from America , will see now that we did not spenk without warrant when we regarded the manifestations 1 in the London press as intended for signs of hos-! tility towards the "" United States , on the presump-I tiou that some hostility was intended iu America . ' When these newspaper articles first appoave ^ in . ' the I ' liion , the Americans could not bclittve ' rthn £ 1 anything 1 really threatening was intended . K ^ vv tl > ey . ' have awakened to a sense of tlie Minister ^ fee , li to ; , c ' on this aide , und they appear to be nlmBs *); ' fiYdiu surprised after the coup thnn they would > U » Yo ' been if . they had really understood the reftt \ haraeter of thv demonstration then . It is dicky that