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The well-known proof of termination of reduction in simply typed calculi is adapted to a monomorphically typed lambda-calculus with case and constructors and recursive data types. The proof differs at several places from the standard proof. Perhaps it is useful and can be extended also to more complex calculi.

This paper shows the equivalence of applicative similarity and contextual approximation, and hence also of bisimilarity and contextual equivalence, in the deterministic call-by-need lambda calculus with letrec. Bisimilarity simplifies equivalence proofs in the calculus and opens a way for more convenient correctness proofs for program transformations. Although this property may be a natural one to expect, to the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first one providing a proof. The proof technique is to transfer the contextual approximation into Abramsky's lazy lambda calculus by a fully abstract and surjective translation. This also shows that the natural embedding of Abramsky's lazy lambda calculus into the call-by-need lambda calculus with letrec is an isomorphism between the respective term-models.We show that the equivalence property proven in this paper transfers to a call-by-need letrec calculus developed by Ariola and Felleisen.

A logical framework consisting of a polymorphic call-by-value functional language and a first-order logic on the values is presented, which is a reconstruction of the logic of the verification system VeriFun. The reconstruction uses contextual semantics to define the logical value of equations. It equates undefinedness and non-termination, which is a standard semantical approach. The main results of this paper are: Meta-theorems about the globality of several classes of theorems in the logic, and proofs of global correctness of transformations and deduction rules. The deduction rules of VeriFun are globally correct if rules depending on termination are appropriately formulated. The reconstruction also gives hints on generalizations of the VeriFun framework: reasoning on nonterminating expressions and functions, mutual recursive functions and abstractions in the data values, and formulas with arbitrary quantifier prefix could be allowed.

The interactive verification system VeriFun is based on a polymorphic call-by-value functional language and on a first-order logic with initial model semantics w.r.t. constructors. This paper provides a reconstruction of the corresponding logic when partial functions are permitted. Typing is polymorphic for the definition of functions but monomorphic for terms in formulas. Equality of terms is defined as contextual equivalence based on observing termination in all contexts. The reconstruction also allows several generalizations of the functional language like mutual recursive functions and abstractions in the data values. The main results are: Correctness of several program transformations for all extensions of a program, which have a potential usage in a deduction system. We also proved that universally quantified equations are conservative, i.e. if a universally quantified equation is valid w.r.t. a program P, then it remains valid if the program is extended by new functions and/or new data types.

The interactive verification system VeriFun is based on a polymorphic call-by-value functional language and on a first-order logic with initial model semantics w.r.t. constructors. It is designed to perform automatic induction proofs and can also deal with partial functions. This paper provides a reconstruction of the corresponding logic and semantics using the standard treatment of undefinedness which adapts and improves the VeriFun-logic by allowing reasoning on nonterminating expressions and functions. Equality of expressions is defined as contextual equivalence based on observing termination in all closing contexts. The reconstruction shows that several restrictions of the VeriFun framework can easily be removed, by natural generalizations: mutual recursive functions, abstractions in the data values, and formulas with arbitrary quantifier prefix can be formulated. The main results of this paper are: an extended set of deduction rules usable in VeriFun under the adapted semantics is proved to be correct, i.e. they respect the observational equivalence in all extensions of a program. We also show that certain classes of theorems are conservative under extensions, like universally quantified equations. Also other special classes of theorems are analyzed for conservativity.