The current study examined parenting during family dinnertime in families with 5-year-olds and its concurrent and longitudinal associations with child adjustment. Child temperament was also examined as a moderator of these associations. Mothers’ and fathers’ autonomy support, control, and structure were observed during family dinnertime. Child temperament was assessed via structured observations in the home setting. Children’s socioemotional adjustment was assessed via reports by non-parental caregivers at both 5 years and 5.5 years. Results suggested that parenting interacted with child temperament to predict concurrent and follow-up child adjustment as well as change in behavior problems over the 6-month period. Specifically, mothers’ control was associated with more behavioral problems among children with high surgency, but fathers’ control appeared to be beneficial for children with low surgency. Moreover, mothers’ structure and fathers’ autonomy support seemed beneficial for children with high negative affectivity, while mothers’ control and mothers’ and fathers’ structure were related to more behavioral problems among children with low negative affectivity.