Background

Established in 1875 as the Virginia Fish Commission, the Virginia
Marine Resources Commission (VMRC) is one of the oldest agencies
in Virginia State Government. Until the last decade, shellfish
regulation has dominated much of the agency's activities because
of the economic and cultural importance of the oyster industry.
Private leasing of State bottom for the planting and propagation
of oysters appears to have begun before 1875, but it was not until
1884 that the Commonwealth set up the Board of the Chesapeake
to handle the regulations of the oyster industry. Public oyster
grounds were mapped (the so-called Baylor Survey) during 1892-1895.

The Fish Commission, which at that time dealt with both fresh
and saltwater fisheries issues, was consolidated with the Board
of the Chesapeake in 1898 to form the Board of Fisheries, later
the Commission of Fisheries, which was given the task of managing
all shellfish and finfish issues statewide.

The Habitat Management Division of the Commission traces its origin
to 1962 when the responsibility for permit encroachments in or
over State-owned submerged lands was transferred from the Office
of the Attorney General to the Commission of Fisheries. This made
marine management in Virginia unique in that living resources,
and the habitat on which they depend, came under the jurisdiction
of the same agency.

A legislative study commission in 1967 recommended a broadened
mission resulting in the agency being renamed the Virginia Marine
Resources Commission in 1968 by an act of the Virginia General
Assembly. The Virginia Wetlands Act was passed in 1972 and placed
under the management of VMRC, as was the 1980 Coastal Primary
Sand Dune Protection Act. In 1982, the General Assembly broadened
the 1972 Wetlands Act to include non-vegetated wetlands. In 1984,
a distinct Fisheries Management Division was created and its authority
over fisheries issues was strengthened.