Abstract

Renal disease is becoming an important cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-affected individuals, as the Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART) has been widely used in HIV-positive patients. HIV infection can cause severe kidney disease directly, including acute kidney injuries, thrombotic micro-angiopathies, HIV-associated Nephropathy (HIVAN), and HIV Immune Complex Kidney Disease (HIVICK) as well as progress to Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).In this review, we analyze the recent advances in renal complications associated with HIV infection.