“President Donald J. Trump is requesting that as part of their investigation into Russian activity, the congressional intelligence committees exercise their oversight authority to determine whether executive branch investigative powers were abused in 2016,” White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer said in a March 5 statement. “Neither the White House nor the President will comment further until such oversight is conducted.”

What’s the Origin of the Accusation?

Referring to “[t]wo separate sources with links to the counter-intelligence community” she wrote that “the FBI sought, and was granted, a FISA court warrant in October, giving counter-intelligence permission to examine the activities of ‘U.S. persons’ in Donald Trump’s campaign with ties to Russia.”

FISA (Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act) is a warrant that grants the FBI permission to collect evidence, including emails and phone calls, regarding U.S. citizens and permanent residents who may be acting, even unwittingly, as “agents of a foreign power.”

Mensch further wrote that “it is thought in the intelligence community that the warrant covers any ‘U.S. person’ connected to this investigation, and thus covers Donald Trump and at least three further men who have either formed part of his campaign or acted as his media surrogates.”

Who Are the Three Men?

On Jan. 19, The New York Times, via unnamed sources, revealed three men connected to Trump who were allegedly investigated for their connections with Russia: Paul Manafort, Carter Page, and Roger Stone.

The article also acknowledged the investigation may have nothing to do with alleged Russian interference with the presidential race.

Manafort was a longtime PR adviser for the pro-Russian political camp in Ukraine. Trump enlisted Manafort as an adviser in March 2016 and encouraged him to quit in August when his dealings in Ukraine surfaced. The Times reportedthen that Manafort may have helped the Ukrainian politicians launder money.

An intelligence official told the Times that the FBI looked into Manafort for his Ukrainian connections, not necessarily for any Russian influence on the Trump campaign.

Paul Manafort talks to reporters on the floor of the Republican National Convention at Quicken Loans Arena in Cleveland on July 17, 2016. (AP Photo/Matt Rourke)

Carter Page was an average investment broker with virtually no influence either in Russia or in Trump’s campaign, wrote Julia Ioffe, who dug deeply into Page’s Russian dealings in a Sept. 23 Politico article. Ioffe wrote that Page may have tried to inflate the significance of his Russian connections after Trump once listed him among his foreign policy advisers during an interview.

Page allegedly met with one Russian official and a top executive of a major Russian oil company in July 2016, a “Western intelligence source” told Yahoo News. However, based on Ioffe’s reporting, such meetings would have been way out of his league.

Roger Stone is a Republican strategist and lobbyist who worked early in Trump’s campaign and had long been an advisor to the candidate. However, Trump fired Stone from his campaign in August 2015.

“I really don’t want publicity seekers who want to be on magazines or who are out for themselves,” Trump told The Washington Post at the time. “This campaign is not about them. It’s about victory and making America great again.”

Stone may have been on the FBI radar because his foreknowledge of Wikileaks obtaining emails of the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and John Podesta, ex-chairman of Hillary Clinton’s 2016 presidential campaign.

“Trust me, it will soon the Podesta’s time in the barrel. #CrookedHillary,” Stone tweeted on Aug. 21.

The Obama administration’s intelligence leaders suspected the DNC hack was commissioned by the Russian government. A congressional inquiry into that matter continues. Stone said he knew Wikileaks obtained the emails, but denied the connection with Russia.

“[I h]ave never denied that Assange and I had a mutual friend who told me Wikileaks had the goods on [Hillary Clinton] and would begin disclosures in Oct. He did and they did,” Stone wrote in a March 5 Facebook post. “Assange does NOT work for Russians and no one has proved otherwise.”

Julian Assange, Wikileaks founder, also denied Russians were the source.

Was Trump Tower Wiretapped?

The NSA has real-time access to phone calls, emails, text and instant messages across the United States. In that sense, virtually all phones are wiretapped. The question is who can access the data and for what purpose.

Mensch, who broke the wiretap story, wrote that the FBI obtained the wiretap warrant to investigate communication between a server at Trump Tower in New York and Russian Alfa Bank.

The FBI looked into the matter for weeks and “ultimately concluded that there could be an innocuous explanation, like a marketing email or spam, for the computer contacts,” unnamed intelligence officials said, according to Oct. 31 The New York Times report.

Mensch didn’t explicitly write that the FBI wiretapped any phones in Trump Tower. But she wrote “it is thought in the intelligence community” that Trump himself was targeted.

James Clapper Jr., former director of national intelligence, said that, to his knowledge, there was no wiretap at Trump’s offices.

The denial is open to interpretation. Since everything is wiretapped, did he mean FBI wasn’t granted access to Trump’s communications? On Jan. 19, The New York Times reported “intelligence agencies” were looking at “intercepted communications” of Manafort, Page, and Stone, but not Trump.

Roger Stone speaks to the media at Trump Tower in New York City on Dec.6, 2016. (Spencer Platt/Getty Images)

Obama’s response to the wiretap accusation could be interpreted as sidestepping the issue.

“A cardinal rule of the Obama Administration was that no White House official ever interfered with any independent investigation led by the Department of Justice,” Obama’s spokesmanKevin Lewis said in a March 4 statement. “As part of that practice, neither President Obama nor any White House official ever ordered surveillance of any U.S. citizen. Any suggestion otherwise is simply fake.”

“This seems disingenuous on several levels,” wrote Andrew McCarthy III, former assistant U.S. attorney for the Southern District of New York, in March 5 National Review article. “First, as Obama officials well know, under the FISA process, it is technically the FISA court that ‘orders’ surveillance. And by statute, it is the Justice Department, not the White House, that represents the government in proceedings before the FISA court.”

The unanswered question is whether Obama knew about or approved any such surveillance, McCarthy wrote.

Can the President Legally Request Spying on Americans?

McCarthy explained that there’s nothing wrong with the president asking a FISA court to order surveillance of people deemed agents of foreign powers. “[I]t is to enable the president to carry out his personal executive duty to protect the United States against foreign threats,” he said.

When the information about the server at Trump Tower emerged—in September according to Slate—the FBI narrowed down the FISA request and submitted it again. This time it was granted, according to Mensch’s sources.

If the warrant didn’t include Trump or his offices, it means the FBI didn’t have a probable cause to believe Trump was influenced by Russia. If the warrant did include Trump, then Trump’s tweet is based on fact.

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