The study analyzes statistically how course performance is influenced by study activity and individual background factors. Some students attend external exam training courses, and it is analyzed how participation in such courses influences grading. The analysis shows some unexpected results, which may serve as student recommendations in terms of choosing personal learning strategy, depending on one’s individual background.
Not surprisingly, strong entrance qualifications and class participation and preparation have a strong positive effect on grading performance. More surprisingly, student satisfaction with course and teacher has no significant influence on grades, and participation in exam training courses seems to have a directly negative impact on exam performance.

Social media has transformed the web into a hyper-connected social space that is inundated by a flood
of social signals that reflects the activities of the members, and contributes to the dynamic of the
interaction. In this context, the participants decode, process and emit information for making sense of
this social world, and for acting upon it. The objective of this paper is to explore the implication of this
setting for an application in the context of supporting creativity online. More specifically, we examine
the effect of the massive circulation of this social information and its management on systems
supporting the collective creative process online.

Filer i denne post: 1

This study explores how companies use the social media tool Twitter for CSR communication
in order to establish good public relations. By analyzing CSR communication conducted by
30 most central corporate Twitter accounts, identified through social network analysis within
a CSR‐Twitter‐network consisting of 19’855 Twitter members, we contribute to the
understanding of Twitter’s role for CSR communication and public relations. Manually
conducted content analysis of totally 41‘864 corporate Twitter messages gives insights into
different strategies concerning intensity and interactivity of CSR communication. Based on
theoretical foundations and empirical findings four CSR communication strategies for
Twitter are developed.

Filer i denne post: 1

Purpose
–
The
purpose
of
the
paper
is
to
examine
the
literature
of
CSR
before
and
in
the
aftermath
of
the
financial
crisis
in
2008.
The
aim
of
the
research
question
is
to
map
out
the
consequences
upon
CSR
derived
from
the
crisis
and
to
derive
new
principles
of
future
CSR
models
to
come
consistent
with
the
consequences
of
the
financial
crisis,
and
to
suggest
new
research
as
well
as
policy-­‐making
possibilities
to
highlight
the
importance
and
necessary
survival
of
CSR
as
an
instrument
for
sustainable
and
financial
progress.
Design/methodology/approach
–
The
paper
uses
a
literature
review
of
CSR
prior
to
and
after
the
financial
crisis
2008
with
an
emphasis
on
academic
papers
published
in
peer-­‐reviewed
journals.
Findings
–
The
findings
of
the
paper
reveal
that
post-­‐crisis
CSR-­‐models
do
not
articulate
anything
that
has
not
been
mentioned
before;
however
they
do
strengthen
former
values
of
CSR,
but
still
lacks
an
overall
formula
of
how
the
financial
sector
can
adopt
CSR
in
the
core
of
their
businesses
and
transparently
display
their
products
and
the
risk
adhering
to
them.
The
paper
proposes
a
new
Four-­‐‘E’-­‐Principle
that
may
guide
new
CSR-­‐models
to
accomplish
this
deficit.
See
under
‘Originality’.
Practical
implications
–
The
paper
calls
for
a
discussion
on
ways
in
which
governments
and
businesses
can
enhance
social
responsibility
though
balancing
the
requirements
of
more
engagement
from
businesses
as
well
as
public
sector
companies
in
CSR.
The
paper
suggest
some
instrumental
mechanisms
of
how
governments
can
engage
not
only
multinational
companies
but
also
smaller
companies
and
other
kinds
of
organizations
acting
on
the
market
to
make
them
engage
more
in
CSR.
2
Originality/value
–
The
paper
proposes
a
new
Four-­‐‘E’-­‐Principle
to
guide
the
development
of
new
CSR-­‐models
based
upon
the
core
of
Schwartz
and
Carroll’s
‘Three-­‐domain
CSR-­‐model’,
which
the
Principle
extends
and
revises
to:
Economy,
L/Egal,
Environment,
and
Ethics.
This
Principle
disentangles
the
dialectic
relationship
between
economic
and
social
responsibility;
takes
financial
products
into
a
consideration;
refines
the
definitions
of
good
stakeholder
engagement
without
the
illusions
of
corporate
‘Potemkinity’1;
and
considers
the
benefit
of
replacing
the
semiotic
meaning
of
the
‘C’
in
CSR
from
‘corporate’
to
‘capitalism’s
social
responsibility’
in
order
to
extend
the
concept
towards
a
broader
range
of
market
agents.

Filer i denne post: 1

The paper proposes a framework for assessment and design of B2C websites focussing on Web 2.0 and social media as vehicles for involvement of current and potential customers. Three overall strategic dimensions are proposed for characterization of websites, whether the 1) purpose is branding or e-commerce, 2) communication is one-way or two-way, 3) focus is transaction or innovation. When these three strategic binary dimensions are combined, we get 2 x 2 x 2 or a total of 8 different triplet combinations. The framework is used for an assessment of 15 fashion websites in the years 2006, 2008 and 2010.

The purpose of this paper is to present the design of a three
year bachelor’s programme in information management. In 2006, a new
educational programme in Information Management was launched at
Copenhagen Business School (CBS) in Denmark: BA in Information
Management (http://www.cbs.dk/im). Developing this programme was
motivated by a wish to launch a programme with a specific focus on the
emerging digital, global information world in which we live, and the
initiation of the programme was motivated by a strong demand from the
business community calling for graduates with a holistic view of
information processes and practices in organisations.
The paper focuses on the underlying model for curriculum design which
has been developed at CBS. The model takes its starting point in the
business community’s perception of the graduates’ future practice. In
the bachelor’s programme in information management, the cooperation
with the business community has been built into the curriculum design
in the form of problem-based projects and an internship. On the basis of
a survey of the business community’s perception of future practice, a
qualifications profile for the programme was formulated. The
importance of problem-oriented work is discussed, as well as the
interplay between problem-based and discipline-based elements in the
curriculum design.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how essential dimensions of customer experience management (CEM) drive business performance in Danish companies.
Methodology/approach – An empirical study is conducted to investigate the relationships between seven CEM dimensions, differentiation, market performance and financial performance. The conceptual model is operationalized by a structural equation model, and the model is estimated and tested by using the partial least squares method. A survey among 484 companies in Denmark forms the empirical basis for the study.
Findings – The findings provide evidence that the seven CEM dimensions influence financial performance. The high performing companies differentiate significantly from the low performing companies with regard to how they master CEM. All seven CEM dimensions are essential in producing differentiation, market performance and financial performance.
Research limitations – This study is limited to the seven identified CEM dimensions in Danish companies.
Practical implications – This study has clear implications in terms of identifying and measuring the importance of essential CEM dimensions which influence business performance. The results can help companies to understand CEM and develop CEM strategies.
Originality/value – The paper provides a deeper insight into CEM and how CEM works.

Business schools increasingly aim to embed corporate responsibility, sustainability, and ethics into their curricular and extracurricular activities. This paper examines under what conditions business schools may decouple the structural effects of their engagement in responsible management education from organizational practices. We argue that schools may be unable to match rising institutional pressures to publicly commit to responsible management education with their internal capacity for change. Our analysis proposes that decoupling is likely if schools (1) are exposed to resource stringency, (2) face overt or covert resistance against change processes, (3) are confronted with competing institutional pressures, and (4) perceive institutional demands as ambiguous. The discussion points to two implications. While decoupling may give rise to the illusion that responsible management education is progressing, it is also possible that an inconsistency between talk and action can help schools to articulate ambitions for responsible management education, which, over time, inspire recoupling effects.

Filer i denne post: 1

Ubiquitous and pervasive computing is fundamentally
transforming product categories such as music, movies, and books
and the associated practices of product searching, ordering, and
buying. This paper contributes to theory and practice of digital
payments by conducting a design science inquiry into the mobile
phone wallet (m-wallet). Four different user groups, including
young teenagers, young adults, mothers and businessmen, have
been involved in the process of identifying, developing and
evaluating functional and design properties of m-wallets.
Interviews and formative usability evaluations provided data for
the construction of a conceptual model in the form of sketches
followed by a functional model in the form of low-fidelity mockups.
During the design phases, knowledge was gained on what
properties the users would like the m-wallet to embody. The
identified properties have been clustered as ‘Functional
properties’ and ‘Design properties’, which are theoretical
contributions to the on-going research on m-wallets. One of the
findings from our design science inquiry into m-wallets is that
everyday life contexts require that evaluation criteria have to be
expanded beyond “functionality, completeness, consistency,
accuracy, performance, reliability, usability, fit with the
organization, and other relevant quality attributes” [12] that are
used within current design science work.

In this paper we present a case study of early prototyping work performed within a
Danish advanced technology project. We specifically investigate the problems and
issues related to throw-away prototypes in sensor-intensive systems. An important
criterion is to record and perhaps later reproduce the identified contributions of the
throw-away prototypes, and to this end we use the educational version of Lego
Mindstorms NXT. To achieve methodological rigor we have used the Design Science
Framework by Hevner et. al. It allows us to focus on the prototyping effort (called the
design cycle) without letting go of either the relevance or rigor related to the project.
We relate the case study to a Human Work Interaction Design (HWID) framework for
the use of interactive, sensor-intensive prototypes to develop interactive greenhouse
climate management systems. By applying guidelines suggested in design science to the
case studied, we identify a number of interactive prototypes that successively address
core issues in this particular setting. Finally, the problems and issues pertaining to this
setting is presented and identified. The main contribution of this paper is that it, by
pointing out problems and issues related throw-away prototyping with sensor-intensive
systems, extends the design cycle of the original design science framework. This is
determined to be a necessary step in order to address the inherent multi-disciplinarily of
sensor-intensive HWID systems.

Filer i denne post: 1

Increasing interest in ‘design thinking’ in the fields of management and
organization has resulted in a concern with using design-oriented approaches
as means to support organizational change and innovation. To this end,
conceptual ideas such as Boland and Collopy’s ‘managing as designing’ have
aimed at exploring how ‘design thinking’ can inform managers and the work
done in organizational contexts. However, these concepts tend to be
discussed theoretically with little grounding in empirical studies of practice
that might inform managing according to a ‘design thinking’ approach. In this
paper we look at one attempt at facilitating organizational change through
‘design thinking’. The context is the design of a new building for the UTS
Business School, Sydney by architect Frank Gehry. User participation was
applied to engage stakeholders in ways that would produce valuable input for
managers as well as architects. We consider how architectural design and
organizational change are constructed and accomplished and to what extent
the manager’s approach can be considered ‘design thinking’. Our findings
suggest that while ‘design thinking’ may be one approach to managing
complex change processes, a deeper engagement between designers,
managers and users is needed.

The purpose of this article is to present and analyze the Greenland Home Rule from a government and governance perspective and to relate it to the Moroccan initiative for negotiating an autonomy statute for the Sahara region and thereby to contribute to an end of this dispute.
In order to make a presentation and analysis meaningful, a presentation of the historical and political context for the Nordic development is required and also a short comparison to the context for the Sahara region question, keeping in mind the differences between the two political, social, historical, and cultural contexts. In particular, while the autonomy of Greenland is well established since many years, the proposal for Sahara is still open for negotiation by all the parties and has been considered by the UN Security Council as “serious and credible”, which should be understood as an encouragement to all parties to use it as a starting point for negotiations, and enrich the scope of power devolution.
Needed is also a short overview over autonomy models and the development of autonomy statutes to give a perspective on the options.
On this background the Greenland Home Rule Model is presented and analyzed and the government/governance problematic analyzed in depth.
The relevance for the Moroccan initiative for negotiating an autonomy statute for the Saharan region of the juridical formulation and the experiences from Greenland is discussed and the learning presented pointing out advantages and pitfalls to consider and evaluate.
The last section includes a conclusion based on the presented analysis and some recommendation to consider. All is presented for further discussion and evaluation among the stakeholders interested in a solution of the autonomy question for the Sahara region.

This paper studies three related questions: To what extent otherwise similar startups employ different quantities and qualities of human capital at the moment of entry? How persistent are initial human capital choices over time? And how does deviating from human capital benchmarks influence firm survival? The analysis is based on a matched employer-employee dataset and covers about 17,500 startups in manufacturing and services. We adopt a new procedure to estimate individual benchmarks for the quantity and quality of initial human resources, acknowledging correlations between hiring decisions, founders human capital,
and the ownership structure of startups (solo entrepreneurs versus entrepreneurial teams). We then study the survival implications of exogenous deviations from these benchmarks, based on spline models for survival data. Our results indicate
that (especially negative) deviations from the benchmark can be substantial, are persistent over time, and hinder the survival of firms. The implications may, however, vary according to the sector and the ownership structure at entry. Given the stickiness of initial choices, wrong human capital decisions at entry turn out to be a close to irreversible matter with significant survival penalties.

Purpose: First, the aim is to clarify that it is worth investigating working life in Chinese companies located in Denmark. Second, I outline a way of how to empirically study the issue.
Design/methodology/approach: A literature review and a suggestion of how to study the issue.
Findings: There is a growing amount of literature dealing with Chinese and Western working life. The term ‘Western’ mostly refers to studies in North America. However the Danish way of organizing working life is not comparable to that of North America. I argue that we need to research the impact on working life in Denmark when Chinese companies settle in an institutional context like the Danish one. It is shown that Chinese institutional orders of organizing working life are very different to those in Denmark. I outline a method of how to empirically study the interaction between Chinese and Danish managers and employees working together in Chinese companies in Denmark. I argue that when these people work together, they also become engaged in institutional work dealing with the inconsistencies between the institutional orders of organizing. To study how institutional work emerges, I propose that we take inspiration from Boltanski and Thévenot’s theory of justification, different worlds, and different worth.
Research limitation: The empirical data gathering has just started and the analysis has yet to be conducted.
Practical implications: Even though the paper is not based on an empirical study, implications for studying how working life is organized in Chinese companies located in Denmark are suggested.
Keywords: Internationalization of Chinese companies. Institutional orders of working life in China and Denmark. Institutional work in Chinese companies settled in Denmark. Boltanski and Thévenot’s theory of justification, different worlds, and different worth.

The practice of illegally copying and distributing digital games is
at the heart of one of the most heated and divisive debates in the
international games environment. Despite the substantial interest
in game piracy, there is very little objective information available
about its magnitude or its distribution across game titles and game
genres. This paper presents the first large-scale, open-method
analysis of the distribution of digital game titles, which was conducted
by monitoring the BitTorrent peer-to-peer (P2P) filesharing
protocol. The sample includes 173 games and a collection
period of three months from late 2010 to early 2011. With a total
of 12.6 million unique peers identified, it is the largest examination
of game piracy via P2P networks to date. The study provides
findings that reveal the magnitude of game piracy, the timefrequency
of game torrents, which genres that get pirated the
most, and the relationship between aggregated review scores and
ESRB-ratings.

This
paper
presents
the
experience
and
observations
gained
under
two
group
relation
exercises(Miller,
1990)
conducted
as
part
of
two
university
courses
for
graduate
student
at
CBS
(Copenhagen
Business
School).
The
paper
suggests
that
despite
a
decidedly
clear
ability
to
present
themselves
as
authentic
members
of
temporary
organizations
the
students
also
displayed
a
clear
inability
to
connect
to
the
presentations
of
each
other.
This
apparent
high
skillset
in
presenting
but
low
skillset
in
relating
led
us
to
formulate
a
thesis
of
Facebook
behavior
aimed
at
describing
and
suggesting
the
presence
of
residual
deposits
from
technology
in
organizations
and
its
effect
on
individuals
ability
to
connect
to
one
another.
Based
on
the
case
study
the
paper
describes
indications
and
suggests
potential
implication
hereof.
Given
the
inherent
enhancement
possibilities
of
technology
our
expectation
for
entertainment-­‐rich
information
and
highly
interesting
communication
are
sky-­‐high
and
rising.
With
a
continuous
increase
in
digitized
communication
follows
a
decrease
in
face-­‐to-­‐face
encounters
and
our
ability
to
engage
in
inter-­‐personal
relationships
are
suffering
for
it
(Davis,
2013).
The
behavior
described
in
this
paper
suggests
a
regressive
behavior
-­‐
one
I
suggest
it
is
conditioned
and
legitimized
by
the
use
of
technology.
The
risk
is
one
of
churning
out
callous
members
of
society
high
on
overt
people
skills
but
potentially
incapable
of
building
relationships.
Since
society
is
constantly
looking
to
technology
(Howard-­‐Jones,
2011)
for
increases
in
effectiveness
and
efficiency
we
indiscriminately
embrace
digital
communication
and
digitized
information
dissemination
with
enthusiasm
–
at
the
risk
of
ignoring
the
potentially
dark
side
of
technology.
However,
technology
also
holds
a
promise
for
better
understanding
precisely
for
the
same
reasons
–
that
the
growing
amount
of
digitized
communication
“out
there”
represents
data
waiting
to
be
sifted,
analyzed
and
decoded.
In
this
paper
“Facebook
behavior”
refers
to
a
particular
behavior
characterized
by
presenting
your
self
and
representations
of
selected
self
in
the
hope
of
getting
a
response.
The
responsive
behavior
you
in
turn
expose
your
self
to,
can
oscillate
between
complete
ignorance
as
one
polarization
or
a
Like
and
possible
a
short
comment
being
the
other
end
of
the
scale
–
neither
of
which
constitutes
a
relationship
but
both
ends
are
accepted
as
representations
of
such.