Here are some of the things all three crowdfunding campaigns had in common.

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1. None of them used Kickstarter, Indiegogo, or a prominent platform

El Español worked with a local Spanish crowdfunding platform while both De Correspondent and Krautreporter made their own platforms.

De Correspondent’s platform was made to emphasize the number of people who gave to the campaign and de-emphasize the amount of money raised. Organizers of the campaign made it clear early on that they needed 15,000 backers to pay an annual subscription of €60 in order for them to have the seed money they needed to get started.

Krautreporter used a thermometer-like visual that stretched across the entire page to count from 0 to 100 percent for their campaign to raise €1,000,000. They would later regret that decision, said Krautreporter’s Frederik Fischer.

2. Each startup was a concept that didn’t exist before

Before launching their crowdfunding campaigns, De Correspondent and Krautreporter hadn’t published a single story.

Technically, El Español began to publish some stories during their campaign but it was sort of a soft launch, by no means intended to reflect the full experience readers could come to expect from El Español.

As important as a tangible product may seem, there are more important things to consider, said De Correspondent co-publisher Ernst-Jan Pfauth.

“People who back journalism projects aren’t in it for ‘a deal’; they’re in it because they want to support something they deem important,” he said.

3. It’s not about you

Yes, journalists are losing jobs and job security. Yes, it may impact democracy and society at large. Yes, it’s important. Do readers care? Maybe not, certainly not enough to make it the hinge of a crowdfunding campaign, Pfauth said.

“We chose not to talk about our problems, but rather about we could solve their problems,” Pfauth said. “People are much more interested in hearing how you can help them.”

4. Find the pain

Find the pain of an audience or community, Fischer said, the real pain, then seize the opportunity to be of service.

“You really have to be careful which news environment you place this,” he said. “You have to be aware that you are actually solving a problem for the people out there, for your audience.”

El Español tapped into discontent with authority in Spain and promised reporting from prominent, independent journalists.

Both De Correspondent and Krautreporter believe the pain they identified was news that doesn’t chase trending headlines or suffer from influence by advertisers.

“We don’t need a travel or career section, just because advertisers like those. We don’t need to hunt for page views. We don’t have to compete with huge social networks for ad budgets. And most importantly: we don’t have to turn our members into a ‘target group,'” Fischer said.

This might be a good time to mention that a few similarities shared by De Correspondent and Krautreporter should come as no surprise since founders of both news outlets spoke openly with each other before their campaigns.

5. Build a community and start a movement

Each campaign was about attracting an initial audience, not just money.

“In a way, crowdfunding is a business model but we discovered that it can be a very, very powerful editorial tool,” said an El Español editor. “The main thing that we actually did, the main reason that we chose to do crowdfunding, was also an early way to try to engage our community, to reach the people, to just try to get people involved.”

El Español knew how to attract an audience.

It’s a good idea to make your campaign about more than money, to make people feel like they’re a part of something bigger, Pfauth said.

“…please, please remember that you’re not starting a publication, you are starting a movement,” he said.

6. Nationally known journalists were involved in each campaign

Popular journalists add to the narrative behind the campaign and may lend trust to the venture.

They also attract national media attention, the kind all three projects enjoyed in their respective countries.

De Correspondent was announced on the most popular talk show in Holland in 2013. Pfauth and co-founder Rob Wijnberg used to work for the large Dutch media company NRC Media.

In a recent CJR article, El Español editor Pedro Rámirez was called “probably the greatest Spanish (and European) journalist of the past 25 years.” He comes to the startup from El Pais, the second largest paper in the nation, while co-founders of El Español publisher No Hace Falta Papel both came to the news startup from El Mundo, the largest newspaper in Spain.

Sebastian Esser and Krautreporter executive leadership also have a history of working for reputable news organizations, as did freelancers who were involved with the campaign.

7. Alternative to the mainstream

Alternative is a word often found peppered throughout crowdfunded journalism. These campaigns are no different.

8. Valuable perks

De Correspondent and Krautreporter both promised that for 60 euros a year you get an independent, ad-free experience. You get to join a community, go to exclusive events and be part of a more inclusive reader-reporter relationship. Both publications look to their readers to be sources and to be more involved than reading and sharing in social media.

El Español went a step further, allowing readers to buy shares and become investors in their equity crowdfunding campaign.

Through the Cracks: Crowdfunding in Journalism, where this story first appeared, is a news website that shares stories of innovation, reporting and storytelling made possible by the crowd. We also share resources and advice from journalists who have carried out successful campaigns. We’re pretty excited about crowdfunding’s ability to bring untold stories to light and support media entrepreneurs and news startups. To keep up with the latest visit throughcracks.com, follow @crowdjournalism on Twitter and check out their Facebook page.

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