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Mt. Vernon Democratic banner (Mount Vernon, Ohio : 1853), 1863-08-01

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& - ' kjjmmmmmmmmmmLmmmmm - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- VOLUME MOUNT VER NTTMBER 16. Se gcraotrafic janntr It rUSIID KTBBT BATCRDAT MOKKEffi ST L. HABPEE. vfllee in Woodward Block, Sd Story. TEItMS. Two Dollars nor ennnm, payable In ad- vane ; 92.50 within fix months; 93.00 after the ezpt atien of the year. be 3ct0cratic gamier "Let there be no change by usurpation, for though this, in one instance, may be the instrumentof good, it i the customary weapon by which free government are destroyed. The precedent must always greatly overbalance, in permanent evil, any; partial or transient benefit which the use can at any lime yield." Washington' Farewell Addre. efiy " If the infernal fanatics and abolition- ist ever eet the power in tneir lianas, tney will over-ride the Constitution, set the bu freme Court at defiance, change and make aws to suit themselves, lay violent hands on those who differ with thenrin their opinions, or dare Question their infallibility, and finally bankruDt the country, and delujre it with blood." Daniel Wels'ter. " Never fail to protest against any vio 1 at ion of the Constitution, nor let anv member of the Government transgress. People are rerr efi"lv habituated to encroachments upon their liberties. The siren sonoTAvfls fatal to -the liw-ner. The people should advipe the Government to change its course." John J. Critti'nden, - sjr " While the army is fighting, you, as citizen, see that the war is presented for the preservation of the Union and Constitetion', forvour Natiovamty nnd. vour Rights as Citizens." G.-nwl Gsr,r,j B . Mr. dcllan. The Abolitionists Responsible for llor-an'i Eaid into Indiana and Ohi . The raid of Morgan's band into Indiana and Ohio, was one of the most foolish and absurd things that was ever heard of. It was a certainty tljnt no sncceps could attend it. The motives that dictate it are envelored in ob-scnritr. It seems to have heen an objectless affair, and will be f o rejret;ented until the Southern accounts throw light upon the proceeding, if they have any to give. The Indianapolis Sentinel thus speculates upon the affair, and puts it in the most plausible light : v" Who invited Morganxto this State ? It i as clear as the sun at noonday that, if invited sit all, the invitation came from the Indiana- jpol is Journal, the Cincinnati Gazette and Commercial, aud papers of that ilk, which have been full, for the last year, of slanders upon he Democratic masses of this State, charging lhat they were in active sympathy- with the South, and ready to join the bogus ConfVdera-r.v TJjcj- are the- parties responsible and they -- VrewU. ' " Let any man. a stranger to the 8tateof Indiana, look" over the files of the three papers named above for the last six months, ami if ihe did not know that they 'were conducted by iheraeanest partisansand basest liars on earth, he would suppose that the State of Indiana was on the eve of a mighty revolution, and that it only required a spark from a twelve pounder 'to brine this mass of 'treason to the serface. - Those papers are circula ted widely in our army, sent there. broadcast to poison the minds of our soldiery and fTl them witli hate to their neighbors and friends at home. Tliey (ret across the lines, and how natural that the agreeable intelligence thev contain should be treasured .up by those battleins in a sinking cause, and that they should follow the suffgastions thrown oat! We only wonder that the attempt was not made sooner, so persistent have been thepe I blood thirsty miscreants in reiterating their slanders. ; , ' " Norw that the Democracy have ehown themselves Teadyio repel any invasion, the lies are kept up. -What is the purpose now ? The iSouth won't believe them. It can be for no other purpose than to inflame the minds of the people at home to the point of strife and bloodshed to perpetuate military rule, of which they are enamored.' TJaconstitntionality of Conscription. " In 1814-15 the Judges of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts gave it as their opinion on a conscription act proposed to Congress, that the Governors of the Stales alone, as command-era m chief of their militia in their respective States, are the judges of the occasion.in which the President may exercise the power of call ing the militia into service, ia still to be com- roand"d by state officers, under the President Ione. Chief Justice .Daggett of Connecticut, the greatest lawyer of his State, said of the same conscription act, which differed from the pres ent one only in immaterial particulars, and was the same in principle "Sir, this whole doctrine, is unconstitutional', it is AN outrage, upon its face and its principle andjprovisions, upon the undoubted -right offreemen, and upon the tharter of our liberties." Secretary Stanton. ; V Secretary Stantoti, soon after the battle of Gettysburg naid : "If a single regiment of Leea army gets back into Virginia in an organized condition, it will prove tbat I am totally unfit to be Secretary of War. It did not need tbia proof to satisfy the country, as the public bave long been convinced of the act; j and sine Gn. Lee's whole army has escaped j into'Virginia withbui opposition, and without ! the loss of ahything, it is to be hoped the Secretary hi nisei la satisfied of hia total ' unfitnee for the place hi occupies ; that be will yield it to some better man.' ; J ? i -' . " -: Get Harried. 1 - - When a man hath' tacn a wife he tliall notffo out to w, nejther aball & Jb charged with any basioesaj 'but ; be shall,, be' free at borne one -year, and shall chjeer ppbic wile wh,ich behith UVinDeuterimtmjt xx--. ;V s-9..Bcij.vr here's 'iroar order. eaijst DO.Ka containing -disloyal Matitoeatef -: .- ... - mm !..u 3.?. JToabmrl,-, aJT-Twv?. respectable ear-witneas, that GeuVfloofrerr bis Tjartin addreu tw W o&ton gii Ht j;iwc?t --tvnumsim two nours oat ofth twenty-four, and with tha Ra..,.. t Washington the other twenty-two." Stleetedfor the Banner. FBEEDOM. THOMAS KOOIK. The harp that once through Tara'i balls, The soul of music abed, Now hangs as moUfon Tara'i walls, As if that soul were fied. So sleeps tbat pride of former days. So glory's thrill is o'er, And hearts tbat once beat high for praise, Now feel that poise no more. No more to chiefs and ladies bright The harp of Tara dwells ; The chord alone that breaks at night Its tale of ruin tells. Thus Freedom now to seldom vakes, . The only throb the give; It token tome heart indignant, breaks, To shote that ttill the (trn A Blow from a Knowing One. TurjRLow WiED, who did his full share in electing Mr. "Lncolx, and who , thoroughly understands the Abolition policy, in a note accompanying 500 in aid of the poor negroes of New York city, says : " There is abundant occasion for the public abhorrence of mob violence. But when all the circumstances have been revived, the popular condemnation of . those who, white the nation is struggling for existence, thrust the unoffending negro forward as a target for infuriated mobs, will become general and emphatic. Ultra AUilitiouiats were hailed in South Carolina aa the 'best friends' of Seces sion. Practically they are worst enemies of the colored man. But for the "malign mnu-ence of these howling Abolitionists, in Congress and with the President, rebellion would not in the beginning have assumed such formidable proportions ; nor, in its progress, would the North have been diviJed, nor the Government crippled." , JTo More Colored Snbstitntes. The Provost Marshal in Washington has announced that "American citizens of African descent" are not military equivalents for white men ; they are therefore no longer admissible as substitutes for the American Cau cassian. This drafting of our colored population, together with the number of black substitutes supplied by Abolitionists, were growing into too large an elephant for the War Department, and it had to stop it. The authoritative announcement, however, of the military inequality of the negro, is not at all relished by our Abolitionists. They have been endeavoring to prove his superior valor. This xlecision will interfere materially in the operations of some philanthropic people who were engaged in the business of substitute brokerage. We were told yesterday, of one very sensitive Abolitionist, who has ehed manv a scalding tear over the horrors of slavery, a drtHiifUfti iij Unnla Tom's fahia, whs laigam to Ohio and procured fifteen tmbMitutes. at one hundred and twenty-five dollars each, expecting three hundred api ece for them in this " market." The announcement from Wash-ngton spoils the profits of thia " dealer in human fiesh" quite materially. As it is, we understand that he made something quite handsome previous to the announcement, abolishing his respectable avocation. The Surrender of Port Hudson. When the news of the fall of VicksbuTg was reported to Gen. Banks and to Admiral Farraput at Port Iladson, the fleet both above and below that place fired salutes and jollified generally. Some of the Confederates on the parapet of the works aeked the Federals in the trenches what the salutes were for? " Vickaburg haa surrendered." " It's a d d Yankee lie." Nevertheless the "damned Yankee lie" was reported to General Frank Garr diner, who soon after sent a fiag of truce to General Banks with letter, asking if the news were true, and if a cessation of hostilities would be allowed till he could ascertain the fact of the surrender for himself. General Banks seDt back a certified copy of General Grant's dispatch brought down by the gunboat Price to him. and declined to permit the cessation of hostilities till Gardiner could ascertain whether Grant's communication was true or false. General Gardiner, responded that he was bound to believe the apparently authentic information, and proposed that three officers from each army should meet outside the works to arrange terms for a capitulation or surrender of Port Hudson. Position of John J. Crittenden. The rabid radical journal, the Cincinnati Gazette, has had the boldness to press the great name of John J. Crittenden- into the service of the ultra cause- a cause synonymus with anarchy. The patriot, in a spirited letter, has rebuked this insult. He says: . -The guiding principle with me during the last yongreas was to vote lor all legitimate and constitutional measures necessary to the most vigorous ant successful prosecution of the war, and that . I was opposed to all those measures of folly and fanaticism, vengeance and abolition,' -which, daring the latter portion of the session, were introduced by the dominant abolition party. In-that class of expedients I included all the measures for peaal- . : i- . . s . .. . imtb, lurieiiures, cunuecaiiona, emancipauon ot slaves, the raising of negro armies, etc-, etc. Most of those measures were in tuy judsrment unconstitutional, and all of them rroasly inexpedient and impolitic. I have changed aone of these opinions, and a long as mv convic tions remain unchanged 1 wilt continue topur-sue the course I have heretofore done. With these avowals on my part, no one can misunderstand ray position or fail to anticipate what my course wui be. vi desire-: no maa s - vote under a misapprebeasion of my views, andioy object in this publication i to remove the poa- BlKlllv tmwmm k.!. .ilu.!...! - 1 tion to them. - i . .. . r-. . . .. ' f ;' - Tea, It I, . " : Oar party," eaya a Union exchange, ia a Un on party,'' Yea, it ia a Union party A Union of shoddy contractors horse ewirae . ?y mrJn jobbers, Tiaey isqpply: tnraiehrs' raJlroadmonopolMs, ost aste,- eecteV nry oiw u nion saaer tnea caotml TfiW Democratic party, withoni any patronage, b -mv v nion yrij, iBntiumn WTeatore the Union, as oar fathers hi tended It shonld tiet i-trpetiiar Union of wHluifgfifalel-T 1 ?i JtaKTheris fe Ald toTbe igtsat herease f travel oa all the rootesleading from lliasath a- ecua m tarn rrovinces. a They JCl a Uavoa in order to keen the' trea Written for the Hotnt Ytner Banner. LETTERS TO THE f E0PLE. NUMBER EIGHT, The Voices of the Presidents Proclaiming the Eights of the ' Citizen Let their. Hoble Sentiments t be Heeded by the People Freedom, of Speech and Liberty of the Press, Together with Security of Persons and Property declared to be our Constitutional Bights. ' We propose giving in this Inumber some wholesome advice from the Piesidents in the earlier and better days of .thel Republic, to which we invite the candid attention of the people. , In his inaugural address, March 4th, 18(59, James Madison declares his determination as President, "to foster a spirit of independence, too just to invade the rights of others, too proud to surrender our own, too ' liberal to indulge unworthy prejudices ourselves, and too elevated not to look down upon them in others ; to hold the Union as the lasis of their peace and happiness ; to support the Co.VSTlTUTiON which is the cement of the Union, as well in its limitations as, in its authorities ; to respect the rights and authorities reserved to the States and to the people as equaUy incorporated with, and essen tial to the success of the general system ; to avoid the slightest interference with the rights of conscience on the functions of religion, so wise; ly exempted from civil jurisdiction; to preserve, in tlieir full energy, the other salutart provi sions in beluilf of private or personal rights, aad or the freedom of the Psijs : to observe economy in the public expenditures ; to liberate the public resources by an honorable discharge of the public debts; to keep within tfte requisite limits a standing military force, al ways remembering that an armed and trained militia is the firmest bulwark of Republics that without standing armies their liberties can never be in danger, nor with large one safe. In the eighth Message of President Monroe, December 7th, 1824, will be found the following just and correct remarks :'".' The intercourse also between every part of our Union, should also be promoted and facilitated by the exercise of those powers, which may comport with a faithful regard to the great principles of. our Coruitiution. With respect to internal cau- j sea, those great principles point out, with equal certainty, the policy to be pursued.- Resting on the people, as our governments do, State and national, with well defined powers, it is of the highest importance that they sev- til) hup a Mil the lining piPBtiiUwi m them. Fulfilling that ' sacred dutv, it is of equal importance that the movement between them be harmonious, and in cane of any disagreement, should any such occur, a calm appeal be made to the people ; and that their voice be heard and promptly obey ed. Both governments being instituted for the common good, we cannot fail to prosper, while those who. made them are attentive to the conduct of their representatives and control tlieir measures. In the pursuit of those great objects let o generous spirit, awl national views and feelings be indulged ; and let every part recollect, that by cherishing that spirit, and. improving the condition of the others in what relates to their welfare, the general interest will not only be promoted, but the local advantage reciprocated byall." ;: "Having commenced my service in early youth, and continued it since, with few and short Intervals, I have witnessed the great difficulties to which oar Union has been exposed, and admired the virtue and intelligence with which they have been surmounted." On retiring from the Executive chair, President Madisov, in his eighth Annual Address, December 3d, 1816, indulges in the following patriotic expressions : " And may I not be allowed to add to this gratifying spectacle, that I shall read in the character of the American people, in their devotion to true hberfy, and to th Constitution which is its palladium, sure presages that the destined career of my country will exhibit a government pursuing the public good a its sole object, and regulating it means by the great principle consecrated by its character, and by those moral principles to which they are so well allied. A' government which watches over the purity of elections, rat FREEDOM OF SflZCS AXP OT TQK PRESS, the trial by Jury, and. the equal interdict against the encroachments and compacts betweeo re ligion and State ; which maintains inviolable the maxima of public faith, thjb sxccaiTr or reasons ihd raoraRTr, and encourages in every authorized mode, that general diffusion of knowledge which guarantees the public lib- ert its permanency, and to those who possess me Dlessmg, the true enjoyment of it. A gov ernment which avoids intrusion on the inter nal repose Of other nations, and repels them from its own; which does justice to ail nations with a readiness equal to the firmness with which it requires justice from them; and which, whilst Uxefinee it domestic code from' everr mgredient not congenial with the preeepta of an enUgbtene4 age, and the sentiments of a Tirtnoas people, Seeks, by appeals to reason, aod by7 fts liberal examples, to Infuse into the law which'govermj the civilired, world, alepirit which may dirninish the frequency, or eirennvr scribe the Calami ties of war, and meliorate the aoxsial and fcenifieit of ieaJ tknur, tka fWinoliji peac4 W earth and g6od -Tt m j mVmmt tT mCU. , ' la thesi'IatUr dy U U S . - tt miDiatraboa tat Ua peopiohold-be kepi ia mtrita-of imeMoVao iiooirhL'thit wl, psiirw Jxi iTcjaoi. ihV 2te8J dent of th Uaitcd BUteav Ha oftco, dirUd b atfealioa of th poopl fo hj maaaxcraa ( ignoraaef f waTia lBj;piuidiof jper-J and invited investigation, i How much of wis dom ia contained in the following extract from his State paper of December 2, 1823, in which he expresses "the peculiar satisfaction" lie feels, from a knowledge that in presenting his view of public affairs in great detail h e complies more fully with the sound principles of our government. "Th Peopli- being with us exclusively' the sovereign, it is indispensable that fall information be laid before them on all important sub jects to enable them to exercise that hih pow er with complete effect. ' Icept in the dark they must be incompetent to U. We are all liable to err, and those who are engaged in the management of public affairs are more subject to excitement, and to be led astray by their par ticular interests and passions, than the great body of our constituents, who, living at home in the. pursuit of their ordinary avocations, are calm but deely interested spectatora of events, and of the conduct of those who are parties to th em. To the people, every department of the overnment, and every individual in each, are res ponsible, and the more full their information, the better they can Judge of the wisdom of the policy pursued, and of the conduct-of each in regard to it. From their dispassionate judgment much aid may always be obtained, while their, ap probation will form the greatest incentive and niost gratifying reward for virtuous actions, and the dread of their censure the best security against the abuse of their coufolence. Their in terests, in all vital questions, are the same, and the bond, by sentiment as well; as by interest, will be proportionally strengthened as they are better informed of the real state of public affairs,, especially by diffindt conjunctures. It is by fiieh knowledge that local prejudices and jealousies are surmounted, and that a national policy, extending its fostering care and protection to all the great interests of our Un ion, ia formed and steadily adhered to." These are the views of an honest man and a true patriot. Such are the sentiments of one of the bent writers upon the Constitution the cotemporary of Washington, Jefferson, Henry, Randolph, Harrison, Lee, Braxton, Nelson, Wythe and that glorious band of the old Confederation and the convention that framed the covenant of our Union. Truly, the people who are most deeply interested in the national policy have the right to be informed of the government action to approve where it is right and proper and to " censure" where in their judgment it L wrong. In the better days of the republic the President thought that " much aid may always be obtained from their dis-paasionaU judgment." But in these evil times the President deems it beat to keqiUJ;e'coiIel ions attempta to put down criticism and suppress free discussion . - IIidil. The Lincoln Catechism. We find the following in the Frederick (itJ.j Republican Citixen: Question. What is the Constitution ? Answer. A compact with hell now obsolete. - Q. What is the Government t A. Abraham Lincoln, (Jharlea Sumnery and Owen Lovejoy. . : . Q. What is the President! A. A general agent for negroes. - Q. What is Congress f , A. AJbody organized for the purpose of appropriating funds to buy Africans and to make laws to protect the President from being punished for any violations of Law he may be guilty of. Q. What is an army t , ! A. A provost guard to arrest whiles and set negroes free, Q. Whom are the members of Congress dup-poaed to represent? A. The President and his Cabinet Q. What is undertood by "coining money?" A. Printing green paper. Q. What does the Constitution mean by "freedom of the press?" Q. The 'ippresfrion of Democratic newspapers.. . Q. What ia the meaning of the word "liberty ?" A. Incarceration in a bastile. Q. What ia the Secretary of War ? A. A man who arrests people by telegraph. Q. What are the duties of the Secretary of the-Navy ? A. To build and sink gunboats. Q. What ia the business of a Secretary of the Treasury? A. To destroy the State hanks, and fill the pockets of the people with irredeemable U. S. eh in plasters. v Q. What ia the meaning of the word "patriot I" . ; . : .. A. A man who loves hia oountrv less and a negro more. - Q. What ia the meaning of the word trai tor 1n ... t A. One who ia a stickler for the Constitution and the laws. Q What are the particular duties of aCora-roandcr-in-Chief? ; ; A, To didgrace'any General who does not oeiicve inat tne negro is oeiter than a white man. Q. What is the meaoingof the word "lawr a. a ne win oi ioe jrreaiaent. Q. How were the States formed ? A, By the United States. Q. Is the United States Governmant older than the states tbat made it? ; v A. It is. ': Q. Have the States any rights? ' A, How whatever; except what the Gener al Government bestows. Q.' Have the people ariTvighta? A None, except what the President rives. Qj What is the habeas crrpos f i -'A It 4a tho power 'of the President to inv prison wnom n please..' . ' i Q. Who is th greatest martyr of history ? )o'Af John Brown.'-' ' ' - . .-f'a.'-Wtief la iho wisesiteaa i ) vK 1 f j l-A; Abrafa am itnool t vr'A f-rf 4-" '- -- - -I-'--'" ' '1 -r--- f Vnt Tftr Yfil rTrfraVrl , - -' fitGlUK. TWio iFvrlri talented young manV-lf k good epeakenind; mvrm looeen triau so nonce mat fie. wilh -hoafa tj&F&1?tttiiV&itt- acted with the a-called Union trtriatotJkniTSftrf'it'Vi longer because cf ita roooslrotls BsnrraAni'ftf1 oi power maa xerjeaseo siaoa ax ti.t tim mr rs L . M : . . ... - : r ' . ttjjrfcjj; trong. Bpablicn;haaf left From the Logan County GatetU. . H TALLANDIGHAJf. : What name ef glory d I bear ' . - V4U.AXDISHAif ! Vallasdisham ! Ringing ia aooenU load nnd cleax; Vallaadighun 1 VallaadigbMi ! ' . Prom shores which rude Atlantic lares. To rlm Pacific slumbering warea, ' Shout men who ppnrn th gyres of slaves Vallmndighata ! VaUaAdigham ! A People, fcy their birthright, free . Vidian digh am ! Vallandighani I : Were stricken down, and fell with thee ! Vallaniigham I Valla&digham ! But thy will break the tyrant's chain The gall ins fetters rend in twain Andvmite the smiter back again ! Yullaudighaua ! VaJlandisham ! Thy nriuie was loving Freedom well Vallaidighim ! Vallandigham ! The crime of the old hwitxer. Tell ! ... Vallandigham! Vallandigham I Thine were such words as IIbbt spoke,. Which roused oar Fathers, till they broke TkeKritish GEoacx't hated yoke - ValLaadighain I Vallaadighaai ! -nr ' ... --- - The great, warm heart of Bckkk; is thine, - Vallandigham! Vallandigham! : Ilis love of Peace that Lore Divine Vallandigham ! Vallandigham ! . Illustrious Chatham spoke in thee, .. : And generous BARat', bold and free . ; Oca First Exilk for Luiertv ! Vallandigham ! Vallandigham! - The pas of SrnxzT's. ITastpbrx's fame ': Vallnndighara ! Vallandigham ! WD1 (jive to Jfutnre years thy name ! : . Vallandigham 1 Vallandigham ! , Hark ! Back to thine Ohio home, A million roieea bid .hee come ! .-' Coxr Tribcsb1 of thr pf.oplr, Coxe ! Vallandigham ! Vallandigham ! FROM NEVADA TERRITORY. Some Account of the liines and the People of Nevada. ." Special Currttpondenct of the Banner,' Viroixia Citt, Nevada Territort, ) June 2Cth, 18G3. J 3Ir. IIarter ' Sir : I have been in the Silver mines about a month, and from my own observation car say that they are immensely rich, very extensive, and inexhaustable, as the coal mines of England. Washoe, Eemerelda, Humboldt, Reese River, and several other lo calities, in the territory, are giving evidence of the wealth of the country every day. I never expect to be in a country richer in minerals than this. Almost every bill, mountains, gulch and canon, contain gold and silver bearing Quarts, (chiefly silver.) Every - day new discoveries are made, aud new claims located.".;:. . When a new quarta lead is discovered, a companv is orsranized. aud incorporated stock jaJgsuederallY. consiatif'f on foot to on the amount of work aone xrr tne tisior nnd the assays of the rock taken from it. Some claims are scarcely worth working at present, on account of the high price of the machinery and labor; but in time all the claims will be valuable. The price of stock or shares range from one dollar to thousands of dollars per foot; for instance the Gould and Currie is worth $22,00, the Yellow Jacket, 2,500, the .Spanish claim is worth $5,000 per foot. These are the best claims in the territory, and ore extensively worked two or three thousaud feet under ground, and no sign of exhaustion. In fact, the. further they, extend the richer they become.' -. . There has been as high as forty thousand dollars taken from the Spanish claim in a day. and I believe it is estimated that one million of dollars is taken but every day in the territory. Silver is pent to the mint by the ton. I believe . provisions are being made to establish a mint here ; at any rate, there must be a mint here, it is an absolute necessity as all the gold and' silver taken from; these mines is taken to San Francisco to be coined. The rock is taken from t We claim to the mill where it is crushed, and the silver and gold separated by a certain process from the rock, and formed into bullion,' or silver and gold brick, as I have, heard it called, and in; this shape it is sent to the mint. ' The richest mines in the territory are in the vicinity of Virginia City, which accounts for it being the largest town in country. It is situated on side of Mount Davidson, and is seven thousand feet above the level of the and is the largest city in the United States of the same altitude. . Virginia is a boat half as large as Mt. Vernon, with a population of j from four to seven thousand. The bouses are mostly one story wooden buildings, on painted. built in the moat economical manner possible. although there are some good fire proof brick and stone houses in the central portion of the city, which gives it a more permaaent ap-appearance.Tb$ town is. increasing in . size very fast; .hundreds of houses are in construction, a boose 'is scarcely finished nntil business is going bo in it. 'I believe It is the only place Tevef saw where people were " obliged to pat ap the notice " this house is not la let oa their empty booses, for their own protection from annoyance. Such a notice, I am told, saves from fifty to a hundred calls a day. : . Basrness U very lively, and money plenty- jalt gold anel silver.' 1 ''-' '- ' A rflertantile' hoose, in a good, aitaadon, does; a cash basineea of from one .to three jtboosand dollars per day. There art fbar Or fire times s many boarding bouses as there would be in a toh 'or tbe saaio'slse in'Ohio, itnd they all do an exclsllenibasinesa.' Board perveek eight to twelve dollars atngleTmeals, keventy fire eente tbk dollar. Ign per fronting the street, and ai lodging; booae ad? joining, eOoUiain perhapsat honored beds, all f tbe aain4-WnT;jQtagaJln the tame man- it-7- tiaorala'of the peoplf--re zither jpelo tmx..h Thfare, kre cotoe tv pr. tbree chnrehei, father rXSorly-aWed to people heratnalce ffry liula- dlstittcfioa leiiraeis "Soaday 4ad kay Other day Ia fisct, Sunday ia the beet day for business.- The streets are crowded all the week bat on Sunday they are. literally blockaded with people. The miners come to town on Sunday from the - adjacent country to get their weekly supply of grub, as they call it, and to spend the residue of their money, drink. ng. gambling, or dancing, at the hurdy gurdy houses.' .. . There are hundreds - of whiskey shops, or dead falls, a-i they are sometimes called, and all find plenty of customers. There are : also quite a cumber of gambling houses and several hundred gamblers, which is one evidence of the weal tli of the wealth of the mines ; for where there is plenty of money, you always find these class of men. These houses are furnished with the best, of music, at a cost of from twenty to fifty dollars per night. " All night the alluring sounds of the violin, banjo, guitar, Piano, tic., are heard. The houses are crowded; immense amounts of money are won cr lost. The professional gambler or sharper generally gets the best of iL The greenhorn, flat, or huskey, as they are called, who are drawn into these games, is nearly always fleeced of all he has. The greatest nuisance of the place are the hurdy gurdy houses. They have been a curse to every town in California, and will be the same here. Men who frequent those places often spend all their earnings for months. The manner of conducting these houses is this : Some man, who has a, bar room of convenient sire for dancing, procures the services of from four to 'eight,- German dancing girls. The . house is furnished with the best music that! can be procured. At dark the dancing commences, and for every Waltz, Schottish, polka, quadrille, &c., each girl receives from her partner a quarter, and he fakes her to the bar and treats her, which is another quarter. You can form an idea of these houses receive, for the music, rent and license amounts to forty or fifty dollars -a night ; which must be made by selling liquor at the bar. Gambling is alao extensively carried on in these places. v . There ore two theatres here, doing a good business. A good company will draw crowded? houses for weeks in succession. There are one or two schools; no more are needed, as there are few children. Women and children are almost curiosities, they are so. few. The city has. a good library and reading room, controlled by a literary society. Two or three fire con panies have been organized, and I might mention several other associations..A hospital has been built at Steamboat j?prings,seven or eight miles from here, which rand other "places, every year, on account t the medical properties of the water, which is always boiling hot, creating a steam, which can be seen for a long; distance. There are 8 or 10 lines of stages to Virginia, one from Sacramento, Marysville, Carson, Gold bill. Silver city, Humboldt, Reese river, St. Joseph, &c. ' -. - . The climate u cool anj rather tinhealthj. The wind is blowing continually ; the weather is very changeable. At Carson, 18-miles from here, it is more . pleasant, and is healthier. It is not so high, and the rarity of the atmosphere is not so great. Water is very scarce here and is full of alkali which makes it very bad to drink. This is the most barren looking country ever saw, nothing but mountains, hills and rocks ; not a tree or shrub in, sight! Wood is. hauled from 10 to twenty miles. There are are some good farming lands in Caron Val ley, 13 miles from here,, but not very txten eive. . Id no country on the face of the earth ooulJ a more amalgamated population be formed than Washoe. People of all sizes, colors and nations ; Americans . from every State in the Union ; English, Iiish, Scotch, French, Ital ians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Swedes, Russians, Austrians, Jews, Mexicans Chillanoes, Kan akas, Negroes, Chinese, Indians, and many others. These all adopt the customs of the A mericars, except the Chinese ; - they neither eat nor wear any thing American. I believe I have given an outline of the ctate of the country, and will close by saying that we are for the Union a it wa, Sua,, al though there are some abolitioniots and fire eaters here, both secessionists. The fire eaters are from the South, and say but little, as Fort Ch arch hi II is too near, and treasonable lan guage won Id cause their immediate arrest and imprisonment. We got the war n ewe every day by - telegraph, I suppose about as soon as yon get iL I dont expect expect to stay here long, as I dont like the climate, and my health is not very good. I would cot advise any one to . come ; here ; it takes capita to mine or start in business, and wages are not very good.: Mechanics command the best wa res, from fire to seven dollars per day. More anon. - Yoors, e. ; ;v . v- : " J. C B. - . Seasibia Opinion The Draft. S -nODt vajeo vnaainc aai civrn an opinion adverse to tbe construction : placed, npon, . the Enrollment act in two important points by PmymI IS ajihaf Frr. Mr. Cushins? maintain a that the paytnent of $300 exempt m man for three vearai ami tbat a person can aot be re quired to famish a snbetitote or par. the com-1 missuon money, pejoroewjjxammea. in the Utter-part icuJarihe -tjTitAions of Pro-voer MjtnhaTTry have already been overruled. ii;r. Expreu. -t ; 'Mr.; CcsararaT' ia Vridoabtedl rtghL: 'The stibetitnte furnished 1 for three years,1 and the $300 b the laTacedT- eiactlrjiiponi ;ibe fobng; oT t aiibetltate. tn jfaet.'lt'; isataiea thai the money m to' bi empoyed by the Oa dliTreBce tit the" Goveramenf wbeth'et It; iCnde the Udtat, CTrtisliTJar - ri' Tvi&t-i .eft r Out cf i oCeera in the t7ih PennsyJ' ania regima&t, id the Cghi at SJ stty abttrg, only fbur eecaped--,o are prieoviera. Tie Horrors of the Var. Four Daya on ,lte UaLttle Groaad of Gettysbu-s. . ' ' TDE JBTORT or IX rtT WIT5E3S. On yesterday (8albath) eveoini?, in St Matthew's Lnthern Church, Wew street, the pastor. Rev. . V. II utter, delivered an interesting account of what he had witnessed durV ing four days' service on . the battle fields of Gettysburg and vicinity, " . . The Rev. speaker said he had no desrn to to unnecessarily excite the sensibilities of his audience bv any nt tempt to present a graphic delineation of the horrible scenes he had witnessed. This would be an nnprofitable busj ness. To be realized, however in the "remotest decree these horrors must be seen. . Hear-: ing of them only at a distance, or reading of them in the newspapers, men actMistom them-T selves to regard war as little more -than a sp)endil game, a proclamation, two contending armies, a battle, a defeat and a , victory. But the case is altered when war is brought to our doors. Then to exaggerate its horrors there can exist no temptation. . To the reality of the frightful scenes in and around Gettysburg, no paint of fiction or depth of -coloring could approach. The sight had sent a pang of shuddering through his frame. - A fortnight ago the sun had shone on no lovelier pK than Gettysburg, especially dear to evety Luthern. heart, because tl seat of her own ancient and reverend institutions. Now its fruittulness and happineps are for the present gone !. Through those streets, and oyer thoee fertile fields, two ravaging armiea have paehcJ, con--fronting eah other, not lo draw closer the bond of brotherhood, bnt to rentmitce it. and' hew each other down with : murderous weapons." Oh, what a scene those hospital tente furnish ! Thou6tnds of tJtlwarth men weltering in blood. ' lhei'4' bodies mangled, their ; limbs shatte etl, and from many almost every vestige oft he human . foim and countenance departed! Humanity shudders at the sceae and pity draws over it a veil. ; . f . In passing among the tents, ws came ta i youiig man from E.ip tern Virginia, not over nineteen years old. We oScred him food atd drfnk."-. "Oh 1" said lie, in a hollow, sejulch-ral tone, "it is nothing that I ; need (ne my body. I am shot through tuy lungs. The doctor has just been here, and says mortiSca Hon has set in. and that I cannot, live ianr hours. Can you do nothing for my poor soul? . O that I had a hope of heaven but my heart is so hard, and I cannot feel that Jesns has forgiven my sins..; Oh 1 Jesus, belpme." We pointed the dying youth to the Lamb of, G d. knelt at his 6ule on the damp earth, aud offered a prayer. The l.idies of our party came and sang, "Alas, and did my Saviour H ed." with the choni9 "Oh ! LonV remember mt." Then the young rebel folded his hands on his breast and prayed fervently. We could not remain to see him breathe bis laRt. lor bun dreds of others were dying around him, and they had a claim On our attention try. An affectins scene, too. was- tbe death of Capt. G riffi t h , of Baxter's Zouav ea. of our own city. He was mortally wounded, and carried to a private residence in . the town. Miagornnjandieg general, the brave llowara. p'Wf as Droviiers.. v nen ine jrencri captain sinking into the arms of death be fell on his neck, kised him and burst into A ood of tears. Recovering his self-poeeesaion, the christian General read to the dyin? captain 2 part of the 14 chapter of John's Gopel, and then offered a fervent and impressive prayer. In a few moments tbe spirit Of the brave cap- : tain had fled, when the . general again baret into tears, wringing his hands, and exclaiming, "Oh that I bad died instead , of be. He waa such a brave and a true man." " - . . We witnessed, in an open field, within sight of hoppital tents crntaining 2,500 wounded, the burial of eight Union soldiers - They were laid side by side in a trench, their blankets " Serving as coffins, and several hundred epee-tators surrounding the place of intermenf ; Oh, how grave the words of the chaplain; how affecting his earnest and eloquent prayer; how indescribably solemn the scene : ,f Hundreds of accession has the Gettyslmrg cemetery received within these memorable : days, in one place we connted over tne Ann dr'ed gTavei of New York Volunteers, the, names of the brave men inscribed on ' simple head boards. In close proximity lie fifty six rebels in one trench, nnd not far off forty tipi more, without: a solitary name inscribed. 4 The spot itself is designated by a board nailed against the tree, wiih the inscription that here lies as many rebels. Several soldiers are buried within arm's length of Dr. Eranth'e rear doorl The Seminary grounds and Dr. Schumaker's garden contain a number, and thus it is all through the country, within a circuit of eight or ten miles, it is a volt burying ground. ' .J On last Sabbath afternoon we were at tbe, hospital tents of army c rps NoJ 2. : when a violent thunder gust prevailed. The rain fell in torrents. We were in comfortable qnartere in the tent of the Christian Commission, when we recollected that some fifty or sixty rebehi-were lying at the foot of a bill clese :by.--Prompted by motives of humanity, we went " In look after them. Oh, what a K'ene ! There, ihey lay in the drenching rain, in : all their filth arid wounds, witboat oover or shelter 'Obj ray God I" exclaimed one, "wont too gentlo- : men hold yonr umbrella over me, t am diown-ing T" A stream of wter was rushing Into' his mouth. We shielded bim with oar nm-brella until ourselves drenched to the alda when we elevated his headed a pillow aaadai of a cast oIT army coat, aad were compelled W leave him. -Philadelphia Pre'. : ' , , '. ' ' ' - ' mC&W - ,,am iiia" - "' Abolition SenAtorai-The X. Y. World savst T"there ia on dirs? omen of defeat toonrarmv ia MArylaody-'8eni store Wilson, Chandler, and several members of the War committee have gone to the front. It ia a remarkable fact that they have' beva present at every defeat otW Arrav of tfca Pof tomac The only batUesv they dhl ;aaa akej part in, except those of the Peninsula, were. Antietam and Gettvehunc oar two raoetstrnal victories. General Meade ouch t to aeod them to the rear; and pal Iheos ia th jroard. - hosM-taU the fighting ia orer . ? .- - V i No no kee them? Ia the . front. : by- au means, for that's "th place) -where all thej ; good darkies C , wt them, havo th booar of dying. Hot thdr country's gtoL - -j 1 u i new i i " r i a-0 Thttradar laat'at fhs Stats IToCt:- asGpvTod was aWt to address and Y'tT.-several wuiitU eomnsuiisa- who had net . got to Gamp Chase. As.hU TeT-bBtT ien too I i ki&iwtaaxe, lry-fcil tif l.l r? (J r or and Teturred.horoeCrua, ' " y. Jobs Brwagb was Opposed If tie ToJ fetar est is the . State- GD?vnt;Doi . ca -ths fjrci that tbe railroaa of which ha iijPr'fv the only railroad in the Wealth tt I - r m t , . . ' . ntur reroeen -carry vae lialeaed td what ia had '. i" i X t n then took a Dartinx.are,ll vl-'a'is Crrirv

& - ' kjjmmmmmmmmmmLmmmmm - - - - - - - - - - - - - ----- VOLUME MOUNT VER NTTMBER 16. Se gcraotrafic janntr It rUSIID KTBBT BATCRDAT MOKKEffi ST L. HABPEE. vfllee in Woodward Block, Sd Story. TEItMS. Two Dollars nor ennnm, payable In ad- vane ; 92.50 within fix months; 93.00 after the ezpt atien of the year. be 3ct0cratic gamier "Let there be no change by usurpation, for though this, in one instance, may be the instrumentof good, it i the customary weapon by which free government are destroyed. The precedent must always greatly overbalance, in permanent evil, any; partial or transient benefit which the use can at any lime yield." Washington' Farewell Addre. efiy " If the infernal fanatics and abolition- ist ever eet the power in tneir lianas, tney will over-ride the Constitution, set the bu freme Court at defiance, change and make aws to suit themselves, lay violent hands on those who differ with thenrin their opinions, or dare Question their infallibility, and finally bankruDt the country, and delujre it with blood." Daniel Wels'ter. " Never fail to protest against any vio 1 at ion of the Constitution, nor let anv member of the Government transgress. People are rerr efi"lv habituated to encroachments upon their liberties. The siren sonoTAvfls fatal to -the liw-ner. The people should advipe the Government to change its course." John J. Critti'nden, - sjr " While the army is fighting, you, as citizen, see that the war is presented for the preservation of the Union and Constitetion', forvour Natiovamty nnd. vour Rights as Citizens." G.-nwl Gsr,r,j B . Mr. dcllan. The Abolitionists Responsible for llor-an'i Eaid into Indiana and Ohi . The raid of Morgan's band into Indiana and Ohio, was one of the most foolish and absurd things that was ever heard of. It was a certainty tljnt no sncceps could attend it. The motives that dictate it are envelored in ob-scnritr. It seems to have heen an objectless affair, and will be f o rejret;ented until the Southern accounts throw light upon the proceeding, if they have any to give. The Indianapolis Sentinel thus speculates upon the affair, and puts it in the most plausible light : v" Who invited Morganxto this State ? It i as clear as the sun at noonday that, if invited sit all, the invitation came from the Indiana- jpol is Journal, the Cincinnati Gazette and Commercial, aud papers of that ilk, which have been full, for the last year, of slanders upon he Democratic masses of this State, charging lhat they were in active sympathy- with the South, and ready to join the bogus ConfVdera-r.v TJjcj- are the- parties responsible and they -- VrewU. ' " Let any man. a stranger to the 8tateof Indiana, look" over the files of the three papers named above for the last six months, ami if ihe did not know that they 'were conducted by iheraeanest partisansand basest liars on earth, he would suppose that the State of Indiana was on the eve of a mighty revolution, and that it only required a spark from a twelve pounder 'to brine this mass of 'treason to the serface. - Those papers are circula ted widely in our army, sent there. broadcast to poison the minds of our soldiery and fTl them witli hate to their neighbors and friends at home. Tliey (ret across the lines, and how natural that the agreeable intelligence thev contain should be treasured .up by those battleins in a sinking cause, and that they should follow the suffgastions thrown oat! We only wonder that the attempt was not made sooner, so persistent have been thepe I blood thirsty miscreants in reiterating their slanders. ; , ' " Norw that the Democracy have ehown themselves Teadyio repel any invasion, the lies are kept up. -What is the purpose now ? The iSouth won't believe them. It can be for no other purpose than to inflame the minds of the people at home to the point of strife and bloodshed to perpetuate military rule, of which they are enamored.' TJaconstitntionality of Conscription. " In 1814-15 the Judges of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts gave it as their opinion on a conscription act proposed to Congress, that the Governors of the Stales alone, as command-era m chief of their militia in their respective States, are the judges of the occasion.in which the President may exercise the power of call ing the militia into service, ia still to be com- roand"d by state officers, under the President Ione. Chief Justice .Daggett of Connecticut, the greatest lawyer of his State, said of the same conscription act, which differed from the pres ent one only in immaterial particulars, and was the same in principle "Sir, this whole doctrine, is unconstitutional', it is AN outrage, upon its face and its principle andjprovisions, upon the undoubted -right offreemen, and upon the tharter of our liberties." Secretary Stanton. ; V Secretary Stantoti, soon after the battle of Gettysburg naid : "If a single regiment of Leea army gets back into Virginia in an organized condition, it will prove tbat I am totally unfit to be Secretary of War. It did not need tbia proof to satisfy the country, as the public bave long been convinced of the act; j and sine Gn. Lee's whole army has escaped j into'Virginia withbui opposition, and without ! the loss of ahything, it is to be hoped the Secretary hi nisei la satisfied of hia total ' unfitnee for the place hi occupies ; that be will yield it to some better man.' ; J ? i -' . " -: Get Harried. 1 - - When a man hath' tacn a wife he tliall notffo out to w, nejther aball & Jb charged with any basioesaj 'but ; be shall,, be' free at borne one -year, and shall chjeer ppbic wile wh,ich behith UVinDeuterimtmjt xx--. ;V s-9..Bcij.vr here's 'iroar order. eaijst DO.Ka containing -disloyal Matitoeatef -: .- ... - mm !..u 3.?. JToabmrl,-, aJT-Twv?. respectable ear-witneas, that GeuVfloofrerr bis Tjartin addreu tw W o&ton gii Ht j;iwc?t --tvnumsim two nours oat ofth twenty-four, and with tha Ra..,.. t Washington the other twenty-two." Stleetedfor the Banner. FBEEDOM. THOMAS KOOIK. The harp that once through Tara'i balls, The soul of music abed, Now hangs as moUfon Tara'i walls, As if that soul were fied. So sleeps tbat pride of former days. So glory's thrill is o'er, And hearts tbat once beat high for praise, Now feel that poise no more. No more to chiefs and ladies bright The harp of Tara dwells ; The chord alone that breaks at night Its tale of ruin tells. Thus Freedom now to seldom vakes, . The only throb the give; It token tome heart indignant, breaks, To shote that ttill the (trn A Blow from a Knowing One. TurjRLow WiED, who did his full share in electing Mr. "Lncolx, and who , thoroughly understands the Abolition policy, in a note accompanying 500 in aid of the poor negroes of New York city, says : " There is abundant occasion for the public abhorrence of mob violence. But when all the circumstances have been revived, the popular condemnation of . those who, white the nation is struggling for existence, thrust the unoffending negro forward as a target for infuriated mobs, will become general and emphatic. Ultra AUilitiouiats were hailed in South Carolina aa the 'best friends' of Seces sion. Practically they are worst enemies of the colored man. But for the "malign mnu-ence of these howling Abolitionists, in Congress and with the President, rebellion would not in the beginning have assumed such formidable proportions ; nor, in its progress, would the North have been diviJed, nor the Government crippled." , JTo More Colored Snbstitntes. The Provost Marshal in Washington has announced that "American citizens of African descent" are not military equivalents for white men ; they are therefore no longer admissible as substitutes for the American Cau cassian. This drafting of our colored population, together with the number of black substitutes supplied by Abolitionists, were growing into too large an elephant for the War Department, and it had to stop it. The authoritative announcement, however, of the military inequality of the negro, is not at all relished by our Abolitionists. They have been endeavoring to prove his superior valor. This xlecision will interfere materially in the operations of some philanthropic people who were engaged in the business of substitute brokerage. We were told yesterday, of one very sensitive Abolitionist, who has ehed manv a scalding tear over the horrors of slavery, a drtHiifUfti iij Unnla Tom's fahia, whs laigam to Ohio and procured fifteen tmbMitutes. at one hundred and twenty-five dollars each, expecting three hundred api ece for them in this " market." The announcement from Wash-ngton spoils the profits of thia " dealer in human fiesh" quite materially. As it is, we understand that he made something quite handsome previous to the announcement, abolishing his respectable avocation. The Surrender of Port Hudson. When the news of the fall of VicksbuTg was reported to Gen. Banks and to Admiral Farraput at Port Iladson, the fleet both above and below that place fired salutes and jollified generally. Some of the Confederates on the parapet of the works aeked the Federals in the trenches what the salutes were for? " Vickaburg haa surrendered." " It's a d d Yankee lie." Nevertheless the "damned Yankee lie" was reported to General Frank Garr diner, who soon after sent a fiag of truce to General Banks with letter, asking if the news were true, and if a cessation of hostilities would be allowed till he could ascertain the fact of the surrender for himself. General Banks seDt back a certified copy of General Grant's dispatch brought down by the gunboat Price to him. and declined to permit the cessation of hostilities till Gardiner could ascertain whether Grant's communication was true or false. General Gardiner, responded that he was bound to believe the apparently authentic information, and proposed that three officers from each army should meet outside the works to arrange terms for a capitulation or surrender of Port Hudson. Position of John J. Crittenden. The rabid radical journal, the Cincinnati Gazette, has had the boldness to press the great name of John J. Crittenden- into the service of the ultra cause- a cause synonymus with anarchy. The patriot, in a spirited letter, has rebuked this insult. He says: . -The guiding principle with me during the last yongreas was to vote lor all legitimate and constitutional measures necessary to the most vigorous ant successful prosecution of the war, and that . I was opposed to all those measures of folly and fanaticism, vengeance and abolition,' -which, daring the latter portion of the session, were introduced by the dominant abolition party. In-that class of expedients I included all the measures for peaal- . : i- . . s . .. . imtb, lurieiiures, cunuecaiiona, emancipauon ot slaves, the raising of negro armies, etc-, etc. Most of those measures were in tuy judsrment unconstitutional, and all of them rroasly inexpedient and impolitic. I have changed aone of these opinions, and a long as mv convic tions remain unchanged 1 wilt continue topur-sue the course I have heretofore done. With these avowals on my part, no one can misunderstand ray position or fail to anticipate what my course wui be. vi desire-: no maa s - vote under a misapprebeasion of my views, andioy object in this publication i to remove the poa- BlKlllv tmwmm k.!. .ilu.!...! - 1 tion to them. - i . .. . r-. . . .. ' f ;' - Tea, It I, . " : Oar party," eaya a Union exchange, ia a Un on party,'' Yea, it ia a Union party A Union of shoddy contractors horse ewirae . ?y mrJn jobbers, Tiaey isqpply: tnraiehrs' raJlroadmonopolMs, ost aste,- eecteV nry oiw u nion saaer tnea caotml TfiW Democratic party, withoni any patronage, b -mv v nion yrij, iBntiumn WTeatore the Union, as oar fathers hi tended It shonld tiet i-trpetiiar Union of wHluifgfifalel-T 1 ?i JtaKTheris fe Ald toTbe igtsat herease f travel oa all the rootesleading from lliasath a- ecua m tarn rrovinces. a They JCl a Uavoa in order to keen the' trea Written for the Hotnt Ytner Banner. LETTERS TO THE f E0PLE. NUMBER EIGHT, The Voices of the Presidents Proclaiming the Eights of the ' Citizen Let their. Hoble Sentiments t be Heeded by the People Freedom, of Speech and Liberty of the Press, Together with Security of Persons and Property declared to be our Constitutional Bights. ' We propose giving in this Inumber some wholesome advice from the Piesidents in the earlier and better days of .thel Republic, to which we invite the candid attention of the people. , In his inaugural address, March 4th, 18(59, James Madison declares his determination as President, "to foster a spirit of independence, too just to invade the rights of others, too proud to surrender our own, too ' liberal to indulge unworthy prejudices ourselves, and too elevated not to look down upon them in others ; to hold the Union as the lasis of their peace and happiness ; to support the Co.VSTlTUTiON which is the cement of the Union, as well in its limitations as, in its authorities ; to respect the rights and authorities reserved to the States and to the people as equaUy incorporated with, and essen tial to the success of the general system ; to avoid the slightest interference with the rights of conscience on the functions of religion, so wise; ly exempted from civil jurisdiction; to preserve, in tlieir full energy, the other salutart provi sions in beluilf of private or personal rights, aad or the freedom of the Psijs : to observe economy in the public expenditures ; to liberate the public resources by an honorable discharge of the public debts; to keep within tfte requisite limits a standing military force, al ways remembering that an armed and trained militia is the firmest bulwark of Republics that without standing armies their liberties can never be in danger, nor with large one safe. In the eighth Message of President Monroe, December 7th, 1824, will be found the following just and correct remarks :'".' The intercourse also between every part of our Union, should also be promoted and facilitated by the exercise of those powers, which may comport with a faithful regard to the great principles of. our Coruitiution. With respect to internal cau- j sea, those great principles point out, with equal certainty, the policy to be pursued.- Resting on the people, as our governments do, State and national, with well defined powers, it is of the highest importance that they sev- til) hup a Mil the lining piPBtiiUwi m them. Fulfilling that ' sacred dutv, it is of equal importance that the movement between them be harmonious, and in cane of any disagreement, should any such occur, a calm appeal be made to the people ; and that their voice be heard and promptly obey ed. Both governments being instituted for the common good, we cannot fail to prosper, while those who. made them are attentive to the conduct of their representatives and control tlieir measures. In the pursuit of those great objects let o generous spirit, awl national views and feelings be indulged ; and let every part recollect, that by cherishing that spirit, and. improving the condition of the others in what relates to their welfare, the general interest will not only be promoted, but the local advantage reciprocated byall." ;: "Having commenced my service in early youth, and continued it since, with few and short Intervals, I have witnessed the great difficulties to which oar Union has been exposed, and admired the virtue and intelligence with which they have been surmounted." On retiring from the Executive chair, President Madisov, in his eighth Annual Address, December 3d, 1816, indulges in the following patriotic expressions : " And may I not be allowed to add to this gratifying spectacle, that I shall read in the character of the American people, in their devotion to true hberfy, and to th Constitution which is its palladium, sure presages that the destined career of my country will exhibit a government pursuing the public good a its sole object, and regulating it means by the great principle consecrated by its character, and by those moral principles to which they are so well allied. A' government which watches over the purity of elections, rat FREEDOM OF SflZCS AXP OT TQK PRESS, the trial by Jury, and. the equal interdict against the encroachments and compacts betweeo re ligion and State ; which maintains inviolable the maxima of public faith, thjb sxccaiTr or reasons ihd raoraRTr, and encourages in every authorized mode, that general diffusion of knowledge which guarantees the public lib- ert its permanency, and to those who possess me Dlessmg, the true enjoyment of it. A gov ernment which avoids intrusion on the inter nal repose Of other nations, and repels them from its own; which does justice to ail nations with a readiness equal to the firmness with which it requires justice from them; and which, whilst Uxefinee it domestic code from' everr mgredient not congenial with the preeepta of an enUgbtene4 age, and the sentiments of a Tirtnoas people, Seeks, by appeals to reason, aod by7 fts liberal examples, to Infuse into the law which'govermj the civilired, world, alepirit which may dirninish the frequency, or eirennvr scribe the Calami ties of war, and meliorate the aoxsial and fcenifieit of ieaJ tknur, tka fWinoliji peac4 W earth and g6od -Tt m j mVmmt tT mCU. , ' la thesi'IatUr dy U U S . - tt miDiatraboa tat Ua peopiohold-be kepi ia mtrita-of imeMoVao iiooirhL'thit wl, psiirw Jxi iTcjaoi. ihV 2te8J dent of th Uaitcd BUteav Ha oftco, dirUd b atfealioa of th poopl fo hj maaaxcraa ( ignoraaef f waTia lBj;piuidiof jper-J and invited investigation, i How much of wis dom ia contained in the following extract from his State paper of December 2, 1823, in which he expresses "the peculiar satisfaction" lie feels, from a knowledge that in presenting his view of public affairs in great detail h e complies more fully with the sound principles of our government. "Th Peopli- being with us exclusively' the sovereign, it is indispensable that fall information be laid before them on all important sub jects to enable them to exercise that hih pow er with complete effect. ' Icept in the dark they must be incompetent to U. We are all liable to err, and those who are engaged in the management of public affairs are more subject to excitement, and to be led astray by their par ticular interests and passions, than the great body of our constituents, who, living at home in the. pursuit of their ordinary avocations, are calm but deely interested spectatora of events, and of the conduct of those who are parties to th em. To the people, every department of the overnment, and every individual in each, are res ponsible, and the more full their information, the better they can Judge of the wisdom of the policy pursued, and of the conduct-of each in regard to it. From their dispassionate judgment much aid may always be obtained, while their, ap probation will form the greatest incentive and niost gratifying reward for virtuous actions, and the dread of their censure the best security against the abuse of their coufolence. Their in terests, in all vital questions, are the same, and the bond, by sentiment as well; as by interest, will be proportionally strengthened as they are better informed of the real state of public affairs,, especially by diffindt conjunctures. It is by fiieh knowledge that local prejudices and jealousies are surmounted, and that a national policy, extending its fostering care and protection to all the great interests of our Un ion, ia formed and steadily adhered to." These are the views of an honest man and a true patriot. Such are the sentiments of one of the bent writers upon the Constitution the cotemporary of Washington, Jefferson, Henry, Randolph, Harrison, Lee, Braxton, Nelson, Wythe and that glorious band of the old Confederation and the convention that framed the covenant of our Union. Truly, the people who are most deeply interested in the national policy have the right to be informed of the government action to approve where it is right and proper and to " censure" where in their judgment it L wrong. In the better days of the republic the President thought that " much aid may always be obtained from their dis-paasionaU judgment." But in these evil times the President deems it beat to keqiUJ;e'coiIel ions attempta to put down criticism and suppress free discussion . - IIidil. The Lincoln Catechism. We find the following in the Frederick (itJ.j Republican Citixen: Question. What is the Constitution ? Answer. A compact with hell now obsolete. - Q. What is the Government t A. Abraham Lincoln, (Jharlea Sumnery and Owen Lovejoy. . : . Q. What is the President! A. A general agent for negroes. - Q. What is Congress f , A. AJbody organized for the purpose of appropriating funds to buy Africans and to make laws to protect the President from being punished for any violations of Law he may be guilty of. Q. What is an army t , ! A. A provost guard to arrest whiles and set negroes free, Q. Whom are the members of Congress dup-poaed to represent? A. The President and his Cabinet Q. What is undertood by "coining money?" A. Printing green paper. Q. What does the Constitution mean by "freedom of the press?" Q. The 'ippresfrion of Democratic newspapers.. . Q. What ia the meaning of the word "liberty ?" A. Incarceration in a bastile. Q. What ia the Secretary of War ? A. A man who arrests people by telegraph. Q. What are the duties of the Secretary of the-Navy ? A. To build and sink gunboats. Q. What ia the business of a Secretary of the Treasury? A. To destroy the State hanks, and fill the pockets of the people with irredeemable U. S. eh in plasters. v Q. What ia the meaning of the word "patriot I" . ; . : .. A. A man who loves hia oountrv less and a negro more. - Q. What ia the meaning of the word trai tor 1n ... t A. One who ia a stickler for the Constitution and the laws. Q What are the particular duties of aCora-roandcr-in-Chief? ; ; A, To didgrace'any General who does not oeiicve inat tne negro is oeiter than a white man. Q. What is the meaoingof the word "lawr a. a ne win oi ioe jrreaiaent. Q. How were the States formed ? A, By the United States. Q. Is the United States Governmant older than the states tbat made it? ; v A. It is. ': Q. Have the States any rights? ' A, How whatever; except what the Gener al Government bestows. Q.' Have the people ariTvighta? A None, except what the President rives. Qj What is the habeas crrpos f i -'A It 4a tho power 'of the President to inv prison wnom n please..' . ' i Q. Who is th greatest martyr of history ? )o'Af John Brown.'-' ' ' - . .-f'a.'-Wtief la iho wisesiteaa i ) vK 1 f j l-A; Abrafa am itnool t vr'A f-rf 4-" '- -- - -I-'--'" ' '1 -r--- f Vnt Tftr Yfil rTrfraVrl , - -' fitGlUK. TWio iFvrlri talented young manV-lf k good epeakenind; mvrm looeen triau so nonce mat fie. wilh -hoafa tj&F&1?tttiiV&itt- acted with the a-called Union trtriatotJkniTSftrf'it'Vi longer because cf ita roooslrotls BsnrraAni'ftf1 oi power maa xerjeaseo siaoa ax ti.t tim mr rs L . M : . . ... - : r ' . ttjjrfcjj; trong. Bpablicn;haaf left From the Logan County GatetU. . H TALLANDIGHAJf. : What name ef glory d I bear ' . - V4U.AXDISHAif ! Vallasdisham ! Ringing ia aooenU load nnd cleax; Vallaadighun 1 VallaadigbMi ! ' . Prom shores which rude Atlantic lares. To rlm Pacific slumbering warea, ' Shout men who ppnrn th gyres of slaves Vallmndighata ! VaUaAdigham ! A People, fcy their birthright, free . Vidian digh am ! Vallandighani I : Were stricken down, and fell with thee ! Vallaniigham I Valla&digham ! But thy will break the tyrant's chain The gall ins fetters rend in twain Andvmite the smiter back again ! Yullaudighaua ! VaJlandisham ! Thy nriuie was loving Freedom well Vallaidighim ! Vallandigham ! The crime of the old hwitxer. Tell ! ... Vallandigham! Vallandigham I Thine were such words as IIbbt spoke,. Which roused oar Fathers, till they broke TkeKritish GEoacx't hated yoke - ValLaadighain I Vallaadighaai ! -nr ' ... --- - The great, warm heart of Bckkk; is thine, - Vallandigham! Vallandigham! : Ilis love of Peace that Lore Divine Vallandigham ! Vallandigham ! . Illustrious Chatham spoke in thee, .. : And generous BARat', bold and free . ; Oca First Exilk for Luiertv ! Vallandigham ! Vallandigham! - The pas of SrnxzT's. ITastpbrx's fame ': Vallnndighara ! Vallandigham ! WD1 (jive to Jfutnre years thy name ! : . Vallandigham 1 Vallandigham ! , Hark ! Back to thine Ohio home, A million roieea bid .hee come ! .-' Coxr Tribcsb1 of thr pf.oplr, Coxe ! Vallandigham ! Vallandigham ! FROM NEVADA TERRITORY. Some Account of the liines and the People of Nevada. ." Special Currttpondenct of the Banner,' Viroixia Citt, Nevada Territort, ) June 2Cth, 18G3. J 3Ir. IIarter ' Sir : I have been in the Silver mines about a month, and from my own observation car say that they are immensely rich, very extensive, and inexhaustable, as the coal mines of England. Washoe, Eemerelda, Humboldt, Reese River, and several other lo calities, in the territory, are giving evidence of the wealth of the country every day. I never expect to be in a country richer in minerals than this. Almost every bill, mountains, gulch and canon, contain gold and silver bearing Quarts, (chiefly silver.) Every - day new discoveries are made, aud new claims located.".;:. . When a new quarta lead is discovered, a companv is orsranized. aud incorporated stock jaJgsuederallY. consiatif'f on foot to on the amount of work aone xrr tne tisior nnd the assays of the rock taken from it. Some claims are scarcely worth working at present, on account of the high price of the machinery and labor; but in time all the claims will be valuable. The price of stock or shares range from one dollar to thousands of dollars per foot; for instance the Gould and Currie is worth $22,00, the Yellow Jacket, 2,500, the .Spanish claim is worth $5,000 per foot. These are the best claims in the territory, and ore extensively worked two or three thousaud feet under ground, and no sign of exhaustion. In fact, the. further they, extend the richer they become.' -. . There has been as high as forty thousand dollars taken from the Spanish claim in a day. and I believe it is estimated that one million of dollars is taken but every day in the territory. Silver is pent to the mint by the ton. I believe . provisions are being made to establish a mint here ; at any rate, there must be a mint here, it is an absolute necessity as all the gold and' silver taken from; these mines is taken to San Francisco to be coined. The rock is taken from t We claim to the mill where it is crushed, and the silver and gold separated by a certain process from the rock, and formed into bullion,' or silver and gold brick, as I have, heard it called, and in; this shape it is sent to the mint. ' The richest mines in the territory are in the vicinity of Virginia City, which accounts for it being the largest town in country. It is situated on side of Mount Davidson, and is seven thousand feet above the level of the and is the largest city in the United States of the same altitude. . Virginia is a boat half as large as Mt. Vernon, with a population of j from four to seven thousand. The bouses are mostly one story wooden buildings, on painted. built in the moat economical manner possible. although there are some good fire proof brick and stone houses in the central portion of the city, which gives it a more permaaent ap-appearance.Tb$ town is. increasing in . size very fast; .hundreds of houses are in construction, a boose 'is scarcely finished nntil business is going bo in it. 'I believe It is the only place Tevef saw where people were " obliged to pat ap the notice " this house is not la let oa their empty booses, for their own protection from annoyance. Such a notice, I am told, saves from fifty to a hundred calls a day. : . Basrness U very lively, and money plenty- jalt gold anel silver.' 1 ''-' '- ' A rflertantile' hoose, in a good, aitaadon, does; a cash basineea of from one .to three jtboosand dollars per day. There art fbar Or fire times s many boarding bouses as there would be in a toh 'or tbe saaio'slse in'Ohio, itnd they all do an exclsllenibasinesa.' Board perveek eight to twelve dollars atngleTmeals, keventy fire eente tbk dollar. Ign per fronting the street, and ai lodging; booae ad? joining, eOoUiain perhapsat honored beds, all f tbe aain4-WnT;jQtagaJln the tame man- it-7- tiaorala'of the peoplf--re zither jpelo tmx..h Thfare, kre cotoe tv pr. tbree chnrehei, father rXSorly-aWed to people heratnalce ffry liula- dlstittcfioa leiiraeis "Soaday 4ad kay Other day Ia fisct, Sunday ia the beet day for business.- The streets are crowded all the week bat on Sunday they are. literally blockaded with people. The miners come to town on Sunday from the - adjacent country to get their weekly supply of grub, as they call it, and to spend the residue of their money, drink. ng. gambling, or dancing, at the hurdy gurdy houses.' .. . There are hundreds - of whiskey shops, or dead falls, a-i they are sometimes called, and all find plenty of customers. There are : also quite a cumber of gambling houses and several hundred gamblers, which is one evidence of the weal tli of the wealth of the mines ; for where there is plenty of money, you always find these class of men. These houses are furnished with the best, of music, at a cost of from twenty to fifty dollars per night. " All night the alluring sounds of the violin, banjo, guitar, Piano, tic., are heard. The houses are crowded; immense amounts of money are won cr lost. The professional gambler or sharper generally gets the best of iL The greenhorn, flat, or huskey, as they are called, who are drawn into these games, is nearly always fleeced of all he has. The greatest nuisance of the place are the hurdy gurdy houses. They have been a curse to every town in California, and will be the same here. Men who frequent those places often spend all their earnings for months. The manner of conducting these houses is this : Some man, who has a, bar room of convenient sire for dancing, procures the services of from four to 'eight,- German dancing girls. The . house is furnished with the best music that! can be procured. At dark the dancing commences, and for every Waltz, Schottish, polka, quadrille, &c., each girl receives from her partner a quarter, and he fakes her to the bar and treats her, which is another quarter. You can form an idea of these houses receive, for the music, rent and license amounts to forty or fifty dollars -a night ; which must be made by selling liquor at the bar. Gambling is alao extensively carried on in these places. v . There ore two theatres here, doing a good business. A good company will draw crowded? houses for weeks in succession. There are one or two schools; no more are needed, as there are few children. Women and children are almost curiosities, they are so. few. The city has. a good library and reading room, controlled by a literary society. Two or three fire con panies have been organized, and I might mention several other associations..A hospital has been built at Steamboat j?prings,seven or eight miles from here, which rand other "places, every year, on account t the medical properties of the water, which is always boiling hot, creating a steam, which can be seen for a long; distance. There are 8 or 10 lines of stages to Virginia, one from Sacramento, Marysville, Carson, Gold bill. Silver city, Humboldt, Reese river, St. Joseph, &c. ' -. - . The climate u cool anj rather tinhealthj. The wind is blowing continually ; the weather is very changeable. At Carson, 18-miles from here, it is more . pleasant, and is healthier. It is not so high, and the rarity of the atmosphere is not so great. Water is very scarce here and is full of alkali which makes it very bad to drink. This is the most barren looking country ever saw, nothing but mountains, hills and rocks ; not a tree or shrub in, sight! Wood is. hauled from 10 to twenty miles. There are are some good farming lands in Caron Val ley, 13 miles from here,, but not very txten eive. . Id no country on the face of the earth ooulJ a more amalgamated population be formed than Washoe. People of all sizes, colors and nations ; Americans . from every State in the Union ; English, Iiish, Scotch, French, Ital ians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Swedes, Russians, Austrians, Jews, Mexicans Chillanoes, Kan akas, Negroes, Chinese, Indians, and many others. These all adopt the customs of the A mericars, except the Chinese ; - they neither eat nor wear any thing American. I believe I have given an outline of the ctate of the country, and will close by saying that we are for the Union a it wa, Sua,, al though there are some abolitioniots and fire eaters here, both secessionists. The fire eaters are from the South, and say but little, as Fort Ch arch hi II is too near, and treasonable lan guage won Id cause their immediate arrest and imprisonment. We got the war n ewe every day by - telegraph, I suppose about as soon as yon get iL I dont expect expect to stay here long, as I dont like the climate, and my health is not very good. I would cot advise any one to . come ; here ; it takes capita to mine or start in business, and wages are not very good.: Mechanics command the best wa res, from fire to seven dollars per day. More anon. - Yoors, e. ; ;v . v- : " J. C B. - . Seasibia Opinion The Draft. S -nODt vajeo vnaainc aai civrn an opinion adverse to tbe construction : placed, npon, . the Enrollment act in two important points by PmymI IS ajihaf Frr. Mr. Cushins? maintain a that the paytnent of $300 exempt m man for three vearai ami tbat a person can aot be re quired to famish a snbetitote or par. the com-1 missuon money, pejoroewjjxammea. in the Utter-part icuJarihe -tjTitAions of Pro-voer MjtnhaTTry have already been overruled. ii;r. Expreu. -t ; 'Mr.; CcsararaT' ia Vridoabtedl rtghL: 'The stibetitnte furnished 1 for three years,1 and the $300 b the laTacedT- eiactlrjiiponi ;ibe fobng; oT t aiibetltate. tn jfaet.'lt'; isataiea thai the money m to' bi empoyed by the Oa dliTreBce tit the" Goveramenf wbeth'et It; iCnde the Udtat, CTrtisliTJar - ri' Tvi&t-i .eft r Out cf i oCeera in the t7ih PennsyJ' ania regima&t, id the Cghi at SJ stty abttrg, only fbur eecaped--,o are prieoviera. Tie Horrors of the Var. Four Daya on ,lte UaLttle Groaad of Gettysbu-s. . ' ' TDE JBTORT or IX rtT WIT5E3S. On yesterday (8albath) eveoini?, in St Matthew's Lnthern Church, Wew street, the pastor. Rev. . V. II utter, delivered an interesting account of what he had witnessed durV ing four days' service on . the battle fields of Gettysburg and vicinity, " . . The Rev. speaker said he had no desrn to to unnecessarily excite the sensibilities of his audience bv any nt tempt to present a graphic delineation of the horrible scenes he had witnessed. This would be an nnprofitable busj ness. To be realized, however in the "remotest decree these horrors must be seen. . Hear-: ing of them only at a distance, or reading of them in the newspapers, men actMistom them-T selves to regard war as little more -than a sp)endil game, a proclamation, two contending armies, a battle, a defeat and a , victory. But the case is altered when war is brought to our doors. Then to exaggerate its horrors there can exist no temptation. . To the reality of the frightful scenes in and around Gettysburg, no paint of fiction or depth of -coloring could approach. The sight had sent a pang of shuddering through his frame. - A fortnight ago the sun had shone on no lovelier pK than Gettysburg, especially dear to evety Luthern. heart, because tl seat of her own ancient and reverend institutions. Now its fruittulness and happineps are for the present gone !. Through those streets, and oyer thoee fertile fields, two ravaging armiea have paehcJ, con--fronting eah other, not lo draw closer the bond of brotherhood, bnt to rentmitce it. and' hew each other down with : murderous weapons." Oh, what a scene those hospital tente furnish ! Thou6tnds of tJtlwarth men weltering in blood. ' lhei'4' bodies mangled, their ; limbs shatte etl, and from many almost every vestige oft he human . foim and countenance departed! Humanity shudders at the sceae and pity draws over it a veil. ; . f . In passing among the tents, ws came ta i youiig man from E.ip tern Virginia, not over nineteen years old. We oScred him food atd drfnk."-. "Oh 1" said lie, in a hollow, sejulch-ral tone, "it is nothing that I ; need (ne my body. I am shot through tuy lungs. The doctor has just been here, and says mortiSca Hon has set in. and that I cannot, live ianr hours. Can you do nothing for my poor soul? . O that I had a hope of heaven but my heart is so hard, and I cannot feel that Jesns has forgiven my sins..; Oh 1 Jesus, belpme." We pointed the dying youth to the Lamb of, G d. knelt at his 6ule on the damp earth, aud offered a prayer. The l.idies of our party came and sang, "Alas, and did my Saviour H ed." with the choni9 "Oh ! LonV remember mt." Then the young rebel folded his hands on his breast and prayed fervently. We could not remain to see him breathe bis laRt. lor bun dreds of others were dying around him, and they had a claim On our attention try. An affectins scene, too. was- tbe death of Capt. G riffi t h , of Baxter's Zouav ea. of our own city. He was mortally wounded, and carried to a private residence in . the town. Miagornnjandieg general, the brave llowara. p'Wf as Droviiers.. v nen ine jrencri captain sinking into the arms of death be fell on his neck, kised him and burst into A ood of tears. Recovering his self-poeeesaion, the christian General read to the dyin? captain 2 part of the 14 chapter of John's Gopel, and then offered a fervent and impressive prayer. In a few moments tbe spirit Of the brave cap- : tain had fled, when the . general again baret into tears, wringing his hands, and exclaiming, "Oh that I bad died instead , of be. He waa such a brave and a true man." " - . . We witnessed, in an open field, within sight of hoppital tents crntaining 2,500 wounded, the burial of eight Union soldiers - They were laid side by side in a trench, their blankets " Serving as coffins, and several hundred epee-tators surrounding the place of intermenf ; Oh, how grave the words of the chaplain; how affecting his earnest and eloquent prayer; how indescribably solemn the scene : ,f Hundreds of accession has the Gettyslmrg cemetery received within these memorable : days, in one place we connted over tne Ann dr'ed gTavei of New York Volunteers, the, names of the brave men inscribed on ' simple head boards. In close proximity lie fifty six rebels in one trench, nnd not far off forty tipi more, without: a solitary name inscribed. 4 The spot itself is designated by a board nailed against the tree, wiih the inscription that here lies as many rebels. Several soldiers are buried within arm's length of Dr. Eranth'e rear doorl The Seminary grounds and Dr. Schumaker's garden contain a number, and thus it is all through the country, within a circuit of eight or ten miles, it is a volt burying ground. ' .J On last Sabbath afternoon we were at tbe, hospital tents of army c rps NoJ 2. : when a violent thunder gust prevailed. The rain fell in torrents. We were in comfortable qnartere in the tent of the Christian Commission, when we recollected that some fifty or sixty rebehi-were lying at the foot of a bill clese :by.--Prompted by motives of humanity, we went " In look after them. Oh, what a K'ene ! There, ihey lay in the drenching rain, in : all their filth arid wounds, witboat oover or shelter 'Obj ray God I" exclaimed one, "wont too gentlo- : men hold yonr umbrella over me, t am diown-ing T" A stream of wter was rushing Into' his mouth. We shielded bim with oar nm-brella until ourselves drenched to the alda when we elevated his headed a pillow aaadai of a cast oIT army coat, aad were compelled W leave him. -Philadelphia Pre'. : ' , , '. ' ' ' - ' mC&W - ,,am iiia" - "' Abolition SenAtorai-The X. Y. World savst T"there ia on dirs? omen of defeat toonrarmv ia MArylaody-'8eni store Wilson, Chandler, and several members of the War committee have gone to the front. It ia a remarkable fact that they have' beva present at every defeat otW Arrav of tfca Pof tomac The only batUesv they dhl ;aaa akej part in, except those of the Peninsula, were. Antietam and Gettvehunc oar two raoetstrnal victories. General Meade ouch t to aeod them to the rear; and pal Iheos ia th jroard. - hosM-taU the fighting ia orer . ? .- - V i No no kee them? Ia the . front. : by- au means, for that's "th place) -where all thej ; good darkies C , wt them, havo th booar of dying. Hot thdr country's gtoL - -j 1 u i new i i " r i a-0 Thttradar laat'at fhs Stats IToCt:- asGpvTod was aWt to address and Y'tT.-several wuiitU eomnsuiisa- who had net . got to Gamp Chase. As.hU TeT-bBtT ien too I i ki&iwtaaxe, lry-fcil tif l.l r? (J r or and Teturred.horoeCrua, ' " y. Jobs Brwagb was Opposed If tie ToJ fetar est is the . State- GD?vnt;Doi . ca -ths fjrci that tbe railroaa of which ha iijPr'fv the only railroad in the Wealth tt I - r m t , . . ' . ntur reroeen -carry vae lialeaed td what ia had '. i" i X t n then took a Dartinx.are,ll vl-'a'is Crrirv