Background. The violent deaths of media workers is a critical issue worldwide, especially in areas of political and social instability. Such deaths can be a particular concern as they may undermine the development and functioning of an open and democratic society. Method. Data on the violent deaths of media workers ...

The objective of the following study is to determine the effect of umbilical artery pH at birth on early neurobehavioral outcome of preterm infants as assessed by Neurobehavioral Assessment of Preterm Infants (NAPI) tool. Prospective cohort study conducted at the neonatal unit in a tertiary care center in North India. ...

To evaluate the impact of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) on the pulse phase difference (PPD) between the left foot (postductal region) and the right hand (preductal region). PPD was determined from arterial photoplethysmography signals (pulse waves) measured by infrared sensors routinely used for pulse oximetry in 56 premature infants less ...

The current study aims to determine the contents of biological markers in cord blood and to investigate their feasibility as the predictive indices of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Cord blood was collected from 134 premature infants that had birth weight < or = 1500 g and gestational age ...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulates year round in Taiwan. A novel six consecutive monthly doses of palivizumab for RSV prevention protocol has been approved for high risk preterm infants since December 2010. This study aimed to determine the clinical effectiveness and safety of this novel protocol for the prevention of ...

Al Oum Muna M Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, - - 2014

To investigate cycloplegic refraction and ocular alignment in a population of preterm children at 1 and 6 years old. We included 261 preterm infants with a birth weight ≤1,500 g and a gestational age ≤32 weeks; there were 217 preterm infants (group 1), 28 preterm infants with mild retinopathy of ...

Observe whether there are differences in visual functions among premature infants with treated retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in relation to preterm infants with ROP and spontaneous regression; and among these two groups with ROP and the control group without ROP. Crosssectional observational no blind study. Premature infants were born between ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an infant formula supplemented with short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) on faecal concentration of bifidobacteria. Sixty-one healthy formula-fed infants participated in this double-blind controlled trial and were randomized to receive either the scFOS-supplemented formula (4 g/L scFOS) or the placebo-supplemented formula ...

Tubular development continues after birth in full and pre-term infants. As the survival of premature infants increases, serious imbalances in water and electrolytes in this group have become more prevalent. A diminished ability of the immature kidney to reabsorb water and respond to mineralocorticoids, a high excretion of filtered sodium, ...

Background Cow's milk allergy is the most common food allergy in children, with rates estimated at 1.9% to 4.9%. Clinical phenotypes of cow's milk allergy are varied and involve 1 or more target organs, with the main targets being the skin, respiratory system, and gastrointestinal tract. To date, no studies ...

Pomeroy Emma E Newnham College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Division of Biological Anthropology, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United - - 2014

Low birth weight has been consistently associated with adult chronic disease risk. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis assumes that reduced fetal growth impacts some organs more than others. However, it remains unclear how birth weight relates to different body components, such as circumferences, adiposity, body segment lengths and limb proportions. We ...

Congenital hemangiomas (CH) are benign vascular neoplasms that proliferate in utero and have completed development by birth. Two subtypes of CH are recognized: rapidly involuting congenital hemangiomas (RICH) and non-involuting congenital hemangiomas (NICH). Involution of the RICH subtype often begins in the first weeks of life. NICH does not involute, ...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in infants after cardiopulmonary bypass and is associated with poor outcomes. Peritoneal dialysis improves outcomes in adults with AKI after bypass, but pediatric data are limited. This retrospective case-matched study was conducted to determine if the practice of peritoneal dialysis catheter (PDC) placement during ...

Behavioral inhibition (BI), the tendency to withdraw or exhibit negative affect when experiencing stressful situations, is a major risk factor for the development of social anxiety. However, neonatal biologic origins of this progression are still unknown. Click here to enter text.This study aimed to extend frameworks of behavioral inhibition by ...

Kumwenda Chiza C Department of International Health, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland (CK and PA); the Program in International and Community Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA (MJH and KGD); the Department of Nutrition and Public Health Intervention Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom (JH); and the Department of Community Health, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi (CK and - - 2013

The potential for small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNS) to promote growth and development after 6 mo of age is currently being investigated. Because infants self-regulate energy intake, consumption of LNS may reduce breast milk intake and potentially decrease the beneficial effects of breast milk. The objective was to test the ...

Background: Bacterial colonisation of neonates and the birth canal by group B streptococci (GBS) plays a significant role in the development of neonatal infections. Objectives: To determine the rate of GBS colonisation in neonates in the first 48 hours of life and to identify the risk factors associated with GBS ...

Reducing the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) priming volume in congenital cardiac surgery is important because it is associated with fewer transfusions. This retrospective study was designed to compare safety and transfusion volumes between the mini-volume priming (MP) and conventional priming (CP) methods. Between 2007 and 2012, congenital heart surgery using CPB ...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), defined as protracted neonatal hypoxaemia, is considered a risk factor for respiratory disease in adulthood. The relationship between this diagnosis and the actual lung injury appearing in very immature infants is, however, unknown. To compare lung function at term in very immature infants and full-term infants, and ...

Background: Carbon monoxide (CO), a relaxant regulator of muscle tone and marker of oxidative stress and inflammation, can be measured in exhaled air by determination of end-tidal CO corrected for CO in ambient air (ETCOc). Objective: Increased endogenous production of CO may influence patency of the ductus arteriosus, cerebral perfusion ...

Bastek Jamie A JA Maternal and Child Health Research Program, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Center for Research on Reproduction and Women's Health, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia Pennsylvania. Electronic address: - - 2013

Objective The aim of our study is to clarify the perinatal predictive factors of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) with neurodevelopmental delay (ND) in infants. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, data were collected from the infants born between 1990 and 2008. They all had primary diagnosis of MAS. Multivariable analyzed perinatal ...

Infants with significant congenital heart disease (CHD) typically require transport from their birth centre to a regional paediatric cardiac centre. Antenatal diagnosis of CHD allows early pre-emptive stabilisation, and is associated with improved early clinical status. However, the effect of antenatal diagnosis on the transport characteristics of infants with CHD ...

Background: Intra-amniotic inflammation with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a risk factor for fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS) and adverse neonatal outcome. Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) for detecting FIRS in preterm neonates born after PPROM. Methods: This was a prospective study in ...

Newborns are exposed to a considerable number of painful stimuli. This study is aimed to investigate the effects of 30% glucose solution and nonnutritive sucking on pain perception during venipuncture. Twenty-five term infants were randomized as receiving 30% dextrose (group 1) or sterile water (group 2). Neonatal Infant Pain Scale ...

The aim of this study was to determine whether the MACEI and MACawake of sevoflurane in infants with obstructive jaundice are different from that observed in nonjaundiced infants. Infants scheduled for abdominal surgery were recruited into the study. General anesthesia was induced with 8% sevoflurane inhaled with 8 l·min(-1) of oxygen ...

Human parechovirus-3 (HPeV-3) has been associated with severe clinical manifestations in neonates and infants in the form of sepsis or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)-like illness. To clarify the clinical features of HPeV-3 infection, we compared clinical signs and laboratory findings among enteroviruses (EVs), HPeV-3, and other infections. Participants were 26 febrile ...

PurposePrematurity is thought to be to be an independent risk factor for supraglottoplasty (SGP) failure. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of supraglottoplasty in premature infants with congenital laryngomalacia (LM) with that of term infants.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary-care pediatric institution.MethodsAnalysis was performed on 325 ...

To evaluate the effect of oral Lactobacillus reuteri (L reuteri) first on the incidence and severity of Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) and second on sepsis. Prospective randomised controlled study. Tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. Preterm infants with a gestational age of ≤32 weeks and a birth weight of ≤1500 g were ...

Despite progress in preventing infant group B streptococcal disease, group B streptococcus remains the leading cause of early-onset neonatal sepsis in the United States. Fortunately, most women who are colonized with group B streptococcus receive therapy and antibiotic prophylaxis is effective. However, the only factor associated with missed chemoprophylaxis is ...

Background:Distribution of industry-sponsored formula sample packs to new mothers undermines breastfeeding.Objective:Using data from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (IFPS II), we aimed to determine whether receipt of 4 different types of bags was associated with exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months of life.Methods:We extracted data from IFPS II ...

Although the observed association between breastfeeding and cardiometabolic profile in childhood and adolescence in previous studies (refs) has biological plausibility, the precise mechanism and magnitude remains far from being fully understood.(1) Early nutrition and epigenetic programming(2), anti-inflammatory properties(3), and cardiorespiratory fitness(4) are among numerous hypotheses that are currently being actively ...

Objective: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disabling condition characterized by the motor impairment, which is difficult to be ameliorated. In the brain of infants with CP, there are persistent pathomechanisms including accentuated neuroinflammation. Since erythropoietin was demonstrated to have neuroprotective effect via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, we hypothesized that the ...

Children with early adiposity rebound (AR), deducted from an individual body mass index (BMI) growth curves, have an increased risk of metabolic disease as adults. However, the children showing an early AR are not fully characterized. Our objective was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of the infants developing early ...

Objectives At some institutions all infants requiring RBC transfusions in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) receive only group O RBCs. Although transfused group O plasma is minimized in packed RBCs, small amounts of residual anti-A, anti-B, and anti-A,B in group O packed RBCs may bind to the corresponding A and ...

Objective: The aim of study was to confirm the protective effects of parenteral glutamine supplementation on liver injury in premature infants and determine how quickly effects became evident. Methods: We performed a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical study to assess the effect of parenteral nutrition (PN) supplemented with glutamine in premature ...

This article examines a quality-improvement project to reduce clinical practice variation and measure growth outcomes by standardizing the process for the provision of protein intake for premature infants weighing 1250 g or less. Eighteen infants with a birth weight of 1250 g or less and gestational age of 32 weeks ...

Infanticide was first observed in langurs nearly 50 years ago, and this rare phenomenon has been inferred to have either an evolutionarily adaptive function or to be a pathological and non-functional behavior. In this study, we report 5 male takeover events in one-male groups of white-headed langurs in the Nongguan ...

Few studies on the free fatty acid (FFA) content of milk from non-Caucasian mothers have been published. We compared the FFA concentrations in human milk (HM) from Taiwanese mothers of preterm (PTHM) and full-term infants (FTHM) and in infant formula (IF). Thirty-eight HM samples were collected from 23 healthy lactating ...

From the empirical study, light-emitting diode (LED) phototherapy is effective for treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. However commercial LED phototherapy equipment is still expensive. Thus, in-house LED phototherapy equipment has been developed. To compare efficacy between in-house LED to conventional phototherapy equipment in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia at Mae Sot ...

Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) scores were examined before and after four months of swimming classes in 12 babies (ages 7 to 9 mo.) assigned to Experimental (n = 6) and Control (n = 6) groups matched on age and developmental status. Infants from both groups improved their developmental status ...

Winterstein Almut G AG Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville2Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, - - 2013

IMPORTANCE Recommendations concerning the appropriate age threshold for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis in moderate-preterm infants are highly debated. OBJECTIVE To determine the age at which moderate-preterm infants' risk of RSV hospitalization has decreased to the risk observed in low-risk term infants. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective cohort study of ...

To determine the risk factors associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) related hospitalizations in preterm infants receiving palivizumab throughout the high season for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Premature infants who were commenced on palivizumab prophylaxis during the RSV season were included in the study following parental consent. Information ...

To evaluate the impact of manual vibrocompression and nasotracheal suctioning on heart (hr) and respiratory (rr) rates, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), pain and respiratory distress in infants in the postoperative period of a cardiac surgery. Randomized controlled trial, in which the assessments were performed by the same physiotherapist in two ...