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The Museum’s Collections document the fate of Holocaust victims, survivors, rescuers, liberators, and others through artifacts, documents, photos, films, books, personal stories, and more. Search below to view digital records and find material that you can access at our library and at the Shapell Center.

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Record last modified: 2018-08-08 16:29:43
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Also in Holocaust Memorial Museum (HMM) Videotape Series

The HMM (Holocaust Memorial Museum) series of videotapes contains elements produced by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum for various Museum-related projects, exhibitions, or special events.

01:00:13 RG-60.0001, April 1945, Buchenwald
Slate: "Capt. Carter, Prod #186, Buchenwald C-31, Date: 4-15-45" MS of a truck bed piled with bodies, clothed and unclothed. CU of a bearded man lying on the ground. His arms are crossed over his chest, his tattooed number visible on his forearm. Medium, direct shot of a truck bed of corpses. Extreme CU of corpses, slow pan over their heads and feet. Extreme CU of three heads and feet.
MCU of a clothed corpse lying on a low wheeled stretcher. CU of a man's face who had apparently been beaten. A picture of Jesus is pinned to his clothing. Extreme CU of the same inmate at different angles. MS of the camp entrance, soldiers and survivors walking around. An older man with beret and plaid scarf speaks to the camera, he pauses to look at camera, then looks off into the distance. CU of mantle above gate: "Recht oder Unrecht - Mein Vaterland" carved in wood (in red). A young man with a beret, glasses, and a red "B" triangle on his jacket speaks to the cameraman. Two men in striped uniforms take off their blankets and roll up their sleeves to show their tattoos to the camera.
A boy wearing only a belted blue shirt stands in the doorway of the barracks. Behind him there is a man with crutches and a bandaged ankle. CU of the boy looking at the camera. A few faces of other survivors are evident behind the boy, peering out from behind the barracks door. MCU of two men with crutches, one is almost naked while the other is in a striped uniform, in the barracks doorway with 5 or 6 others standing behind them. A naked man with bandaged thigh is being held up by another survivor in the doorway of the barracks. Three men moving around in the BG. CU of young male prisoner speaking, he has a shaved head and one eye is badly damaged. CU of a little boy with red triangle, he is holding a wooden plank and wearing a heavy jacket and a hat, smiling. [The boy is Joseph Schleifstein, born 7 March 1941 in Poland. See Photo Archive #85913, #07230] CU, stops smiling, tears in eyes. A group of boys stands together, all wearing caps and parts of the striped uniform. More survivors file out of barracks and join the group, lining up in the back of the group, slow pan.
LS of a group of men standing around fires in an open area near barbed wire. Men sit and stand by the fire, eating and stirring soup with twigs or metal spoons. Pan of group. 6 older men stand together and look at camera. One man has his hands together and is trembling and praying aloud. CU of the same man crying and praying, raising his hands and his eyes to the sky. Camera pans over men standing along fence with their hands in their pockets.
Dark, dreary pan of entrance to camp as men in prison uniforms stand behind the barbed wire fence. WS of camp road, barracks are in the BG. Survivors stand at the fence.
Tattoos on pieces of skin removed from prisoners are displayed. CU of chair back with tattooed skin of naked female angel with wings. CU of tattoos on a piece of skin from a chest picturing St. George slaying dragon. CU, tattoo of a woman with a hat.
CU of a book cover "Ein Beitrug zur Tatowienungsfrage," the book is opened and leafed through. CU of shrunken heads, first female then male specimen, mounted on wooden bases. Pieces of tattooed skin lay out on a table. CU of a human male head preserved in a yellowish liquid in a glass tank. The specimen is turned to reveal that the head has been cut in half and the other side exposes the brain. Specimen tanks containing organs sit on a shelf. Three survivors demonstrate how prisoners were executed by hanging and then how they were beaten in the head to ensure their death. CU of one survivor as he demonstrates with a piece of rope how the noose was tied. CU of a survivor in a beret, holding a bludgeon. He has a very serious, tense expression on his face. CU of another survivor as he holds a wooden bludgeon and demonstrates for the camera the nicks and dents in the bludgeon, indicating that it was used often and with force. LS of camp as seen from the watchtower (shots underexposed). Spotlights of the watchtower in the FG. Slow pan from watchtower to the camp below as people wander about the camp.
01:18:25 RG-60.0019, April 5 and 16, 1945, Buchenwald
Various LS views of Buchenwald. CU of a searchlight, the camera pans down to the square of the camp, smaller searchlights are in the FG. Camera pans down to barracks and across the plaza. People are scattered and walking around. MS of a clock/tower (from side), closer shot. CU of a prisoner's back with marked coat (a square of striped fabric over a red X). There is a crowd behind him. Another survivor with similar marking on back (no X). CU of a survivor with a hat, explaining something, gesturing in a wheel-like motion with hands, a patch with an X is on her back, dancing around in a circle. CU of a man showing his rotten/missing teeth. CU of a tattoo. CU of a young man with glasses. CU of an older man who takes off his cap. CU of a boy looking around, he smiles and laughs at the end. US soldiers sit near the edge of a road in Germany. Smoke comes from a bomb. Jeeps drive and soldiers run through the deserted town (soft focus). Tanks, US infantry walk through streets. Shots of civilians and soldiers in the village. Tanks in field, cemetery. Sign reading "Nach Borenden 4 km." Tankers in front of wrecked town. US troops and tanks move through small village. Various shots of German civilians leaving town with bags and baby carriages. CU of an armband with a red cross symbol.

01:00:13 RG-60.0003, April 13, 1945, Buchenwald
Slate: "Capt. Carter, Prod #186, Buchenwald, Rock-C39, Date 4-16-45" HAS of crowd of German civilians in main courtyard of Buchenwald, moving about, mix of soldiers and civilians. Male survivor stands in front of a building. Barred window partially visible in BG. Man is wearing what appears to be a uniform coat and looks directly at the camera. CU of his face as he demonstrates facial wounds; he has scars on his face and one eye is swollen shut. A younger male prisoner looks right and left and then directly at the camera. Camera pans from toe to head of a woman, against the same wall; she is well dressed in heels and overcoat, her hair is also styled. CU of her face as she looks directly at the camera. A male survivor in a vest, collared shirt, and tie stares at camera; CU of his left cheek with a large scar which runs from under his eye to his chin.
CU survivor in profile, he is wearing cap and speaking to someone off camera. CU of the same man, switches to straight angle, as he continues to speak. CU of another survivor in profile with a goatee and glasses, wearing a cap as he speaks to someone off camera. At one point he turns and speaks directly to the camera. CU of a young man wearing beret and staring. CU of two men wearing berets with a patch/insignia. Two middle aged men sit side by side, separated by a white pole, both are dressed in work clothes, man on right is smiling faintly. Two other survivors in BG. A young man with closely cropped hair stands in front of a row of barracks, he speaks to someone off camera. A man with glasses, wearing a beret, stands in front of barbed wire. CU of his prisoner's patch (a red triangle and number "43175"). [These prisoners are political prisoners: Hungarian, Bavarian and French.] Someone raises an American flag on a flag pole, barren trees in BG. German civilians enter the camp by bus. View of entrance. HAS from watchtower. German civilians walk in a long line through the main courtyard of the camp, guided by Allied soldiers. CU of a lamp shade. A variety of objects sit on a table outside, there are military vehicles and German civilians in the BG.
German civilians stand around table to view objects that include lampshades and specimen jars. In BG survivors sit atop barracks and watch. Military personnel examine the objects on table and demonstrate to civilians. Camera pans from right to left over crowd of Germans, one man turns away. Civilians are led into the camp courtyard. German civilians and Allied MPs in FG, survivors sit atop barracks in BG, the two groups look at each other. Germans walk away with distraught facial expressions. Two women walk arm in arm. More women and men exit the crematorium, grasping their chests and crying. Women in the crowd crying. CU of heads and feet of corpses. CU, pan, pile of corpses lying on top on one another. More civilians leave the camp, covering their mouths and noses. Several women are crying; one woman runs away in terror.
Slate washed out by sunlight. Photo of a young woman (former inmate? Ilse Koch?) propped up for the camera.
Overhead shots of a bombed out city, many large buildings in ruins; various views of the destroyed city.
01:19:29 RG-60.0005, April 11 and 14, 1945, Arnstadt and Nordhausen
Slate: "166th Sig. Photo Co., Horror Victims Arnstadt, 14-4-45" Arnstadt after Allied soldiers arrive. People in trenches pull out corpses and lie them on the ground. CUs of corpse with damaged skull. Shot of a dog kennel for a watchdog. Pan from camp gate to tents used to house 1700 prisoners. Corpses lie outside of the graves from which they have just been exhumed. Men carry the bodies. Men assist each other in carrying corpses. Many bodies lay on the ground as American soldiers look over them. Men dig out the mass grave with shovels. A body half submerged in its grave.
Camera pans over the destroyed buildings of the prison camp area at Nordhausen. Several dead bodies lay randomly around the prison area. Survivors stand together facing the camera. US medics and MPs of the 3rd Armored Division, FUSA, carry the sick and dying survivors out of the camp. An emaciated man, seated on ground is helped onto stretcher by US medics. The man is crying and clasping his hands together in thankful prayer. A US Brigadier General speaks to internees. Emaciated prisoners sit amidst the rubble. Liberated prisoners sit in a group eating and talking. Emaciated men lay in the barracks amidst corpses. A survivor smokes a cigarette, sitting on ground near an open pit surrounded by corpses, and explains to soldiers off camera some of what occurred in the camp. US medics lead or carry extremely emaciated prisoners from building. Medics load ambulances and then pull out of area.
01:27:40 RG-60.0030, April 1945 Ohrdruf and Duderstadt
General Dwight D. Eisenhower Visits Atrocities Concentration Camp at Ohrdruf, Germany, April 12, 1945. Eisenhower looks over the dead laying on the ground, GIs stand in the BG. Survivor with scarf talks to the officers. CUs of dead bodies. Gens Eisenhower, Omar N. Bradley and Lt. Gen. George S. Patton, Jr. leave the camp. US soldiers stand together and look at dead bodies of camp victims.
Liberated Yanks, Russians, and British, Duderstadt, Germany, April 10, 1945. CUs of a small radio built by one of the survivors. One of the liberated men cooks chickens and rabbits in a pot. Liberated US, Russian and British prisoners at camp. (Most of the prisoners are British.) Liberated men cook over small open stoves. Men use the handmade radio.

Video clips compiled for screening at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Days of Remembrance activities in April 2010 commemorating the role of liberators. The videos were displayed in the classrooms on the concourse level of the Museum during the Collections Open House activities.
Contents include:
US infantry; German civilians (April 1945) in color (USHMM Tape HMM106, 01:23:42 to 01:33:34)
Nordhausen; Eisenhower at Ohrdruf (April 1945) in b/w (USHMM Tape HMM107, 01:22:48 to 01:31:17)
Ebensee liberation (Summer 1945) in color (USHMM Film ID 513, 11:23:11to 11:27:11)

Video clips compiled for screening at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Days of Remembrance activities in April 2010 commemorating the role of liberators. The videos were displayed in the classrooms on the concourse level of the Museum during the Collections Open House activities.
Contents include:
Zabin Collection - Omaha Beach in color, b/w (USHMM Film ID 2612, 01:04:49 to 01:12:45)
Zabin Collection - Liberation of Dachau; medical unit in color, b/w (USHMM Film ID 2460, 01:00:00 to 01:09:30)

Orphans 5 Presentation, SC
Julien Bryan Collection
Orthodox Jews in the Jewish quarter of Krakow, 1936. Old market square and synagogue. Close-ups of Jewish boys.
3:05 minutes, Silent
Stanley Baker Collection
This collection consists of amateur film shot by members of an American family who were living in Vienna when the Germans entered Austria in 1938. One clip shows jubilant crowds celebrating the Anschluss. Another sequence documents the damage done to Jewish shops immediately after the German takeover and shows Helen Baker as she is prevented from entering a Jewish shop by an Austrian member of the SA.
3:55 minutes, Silent
Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection
Interview with Paula Biren
Paula Biren and her family lived in the Lodz ghetto from 1940 until its liquidation in 1944. In this clip she relates the agonizing choice she was forced to make about whether her family should attempt to hide from the Germans or travel on a special transport organized by Jewish Council chairman Rumkowski.
4:15 minutes, English
Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection
Interview with Heinz Schubert
Heinz Schubert was Otto Ohlendorf's adjutant in Einsatzgruppe D. He was convicted and sentenced to death after the war but his sentence was commuted to ten years in prison. Lanzmann filmed the interview without Schubert's knowledge, and in this clip he asks Schubert what he meant when he spoke at his trial about his "burdened soul." Schubert answers that anyone's soul would feel burdened if they found themselves among a group of people who must be executed, without knowing specifically why. In the abstract, Schubert says, the reason is that Hitler had decreed that they must die. Schubert's wife interrupts to insist that her husband did not participate directly in executions.
1:40 minutes, German
Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection
Interview with Benjamin Murmelstein
Benjamin Murmelstein, a controversial figure in Holocaust history, was a rabbi and leader in the Jewish community (Israelitische Kultusgemeinde Wien) and later acted as the last head of the Jewish Council in Theresienstadt. Here Murmelstein complains that after the war everyone claimed to be part of the resistance, complete with hidden weapons and clandestine radio stations.
2:30 minutes, German
Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection
Interview with Ruth Elias
Ruth Elias, a Czech Jew, gave birth to a child in Auschwitz. While the baby perished at the hands of Josef Mengele, Elias survived and was liberated from a labor camp in Leipzig. She tells the story of how she met her husband while giving a concert performance for the SS early in 1945.
5:30 minutes, English
Tony Brooke Collection
Anthony "Tony" S. Brooke was a U.S. Army Signal Corps cameraman and a member of George Stevens' film unit. This film clip from original Kodachrome shows American GIs assisting survivors into Red Cross ambulances at Buchenwald during liberation.
1:10 minutes, Silent
Oral History Interview with Budd Schulberg
Budd Schulberg, 92, wrote the novel What Makes Sammy Run? and the screenplay for the film On the Waterfront. As an officer in the U.S. Naval Reserve, he served in a special unit of the O.S.S. (Office of Strategic Services, a precursor of the C.I.A.) responsible for capturing film evidence against the major Nazi war criminals in 1945. This oral history documents his unique experience heading the team that rushed to assemble the Nazis' own film record of their crimes. The resulting film, The Nazi Plan, was shown in the courtroom in Nuremberg. In this clip, Schulberg discusses how his search for damning film evidence produced by the SS ended in frustration when he discovered that the film had been destroyed shortly before he arrived.
3:35 minutes, English

Video clips compiled for screening at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Days of Remembrance activities in April 2010 commemorating the role of liberators. The videos were displayed in the classrooms on the concourse level of the Museum during the Collections Open House activities.
Contents include:
Liberation of Buchenwald; white flags; US infantry (April 1945) in color (USHMM Tape HMM108, 01:00:13 to 01:04:56)
83rd Div, Ohrdruf patrols (April 6/7, 1945) in b/w (USHMM Tape HMM108, 01:21:31 to 01:25:59)
Dachau Concentration Camp - Star of David, chaplain, horse drawn wagons (May 1945) in b/w (USHMM Tape HMM109, 01:05:25 to 01:07:59)

Video clips compiled for screening at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Days of Remembrance activities in April 2010 commemorating the role of liberators. The videos were displayed in the classrooms on the concourse level of the Museum during the Collections Open House activities.
Contents include films taken by cameraman Arthur Mainzer:
Liberation of Buchenwald, April 16, 1945 in color (USHMM Film ID 849, 07:01:12 to 07:04:00)
Soldiers near Torgau and Buchenwald in color (USHMM Film ID 850, 08:07:59 to 08:10:16)
VE celebration in Paris on May 8, 1945 in b/w (USHMM Film ID 2513, 04:13:41 to 04:17:34)
Arthur Mainzer (1923- ) was a cameraman in the 4th Combat Camera Unit of the 9th Air Force. The Combat Camera Unit was tasked with creating Air Force training films at Hal Roach Studios. After completing training at the Air Force Photo Technical School in Denver, CO and the First Motion Picture Unit in Culver City, CA, Mainzer was deployed to Europe. He was filming bomb damage by the Allied Air Forces with Captain Ellis Carter when they heard about Buchenwald and drove there by jeep on April 13, 1945. Mainzer and Carter filmed conditions at the camp on Kodak color film stock using two handheld 16mm film cameras. The footage was then sent to headquarters in London for processing.

Rita Wolman Stern & Deborah Wolman Rosen Collection
The first two segments illustrate street scenes in Warsaw in 1932, including the Grand Theater, Nalewki Street in the Jewish quarter, and the Mirkowska Hala market. The final clip shows the cameraman Robert Wolman's family at a park in Warsaw.
3:48 minutes, Silent
Judy Simon Collection
Dr. Benjamin Gasul, the donor's father, shot this footage on 16mm Kodachrome (color) film just a few months before World War II began. This excerpt shows people on the streets of Warsaw's Jewish quarter as they enjoy the sunny weather and clown for the camera.
2:36 minutes, Silent
Russian Archives of Documentary Films & Photographs
Ilya Ehrenburg, the famous writer and member of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, visits Soviet soldiers at the front in 1945.
1:03 minutes, Silent
Bundesarchiv
This German newsreel shows Allied soldiers captured by the Germans in Greece in May 1941. The camera work is intended to highlight the different ethnic types who are fighting against Germany; the commentary (not available on the DVD) states that many members of the British army are Jews who fled Germany and then turned against their native country.
1:27 minutes, Silent
Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection
Interview with Tadeusz Pankiewicz
Pankiewicz was a Pole who operated a pharmacy within the walls of the Krakow ghetto. He helped Jews by providing them with food and a place to hide. Here, Pankiewicz says that his was the only pharmacy run by a non-Jew within any ghetto. It was open day and night and he lived on the premises. After the liquidation of the ghetto, Jewish work battalions came from the Plaszow camp to buy food. He explains the division of the ghetto into ghetto "A", where those able to work lived, and ghetto "B", where those Jews who were to be liquidated resided.
2:38 minutes, German
Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection
Interview with Gertrude Schneider
Gertrude Schneider lived in Vienna with her family until they were deported to Riga, Latvia. In this clip she describes the arrival in Riga and her narrow escape from the gas vans.
5:43 minutes, English
Bundesarchiv
SS men and prisoners, wearing Star of David badges, filming a scene in a rail siding for the 1942 German Propaganda Kompanie film about Theresienstadt. This film is much lesser known than the 1944 propaganda film about Theresienstadt.
2:46 minutes, Silent
Bundesarchiv
This footage adds to the Archive's holdings on the trial of the so-called 20th of July plotters who attempted to assassinate Hitler. Roland Freisler, the notorious president of the People's Court, enters the courtroom. Conspirator Hans-Georg Klamroth, a salesman whose only involvement in the plot consisted of passive knowledge, appears before the court. Freisler asks Klamroth whether it is clear to him that his decision not to act once he learned of the plot amounted to treason. The second man who appears is Hans-Bernd August Gustav von Haeften, an official in the foreign office. He tells Freisler that he lost whatever sense of loyalty he had once had toward Hitler, who he considered the "executor of evil in history."
2:53 minutes, German
Russian Archives of Documentary Films & Photographs
The actor Solomon Mikhoels and other prominent members of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee meet in Columnar Hall in Moscow in 1944. Mikhoels reads from a statement, which is applauded by the attendees. Members of the committee, including David Bergelson, Mikhoels, Abraham Sutzkever, and Ilya Ehrenburg, sign the statement.
2:30 minutes, Silent
Mara Vishniac & the International Center of Photography
The renowned photographer Roman Vishniac shot this footage of men participating in ORT training activities in Marseilles in 1939. The men work in a greenhouse, lay irrigation pipes, attend classes, and perform other tasks.
4:01 minutes, Silent

01:00:13 RG-60.0135, Buchenwald
At Buchenwald, survivors sit crouched around a fire, looking at the camera. German civilians file past after being taken through barracks. A flatbed of naked corpses situated in front of a building. MS, pile of bodies alongside building as civilians walk past. Women walk by with their heads buried and their hands covering their mouths. Crowds of people with white flags line the road; Germans sit against a fence. Overturned carts on the road with items scattered everywhere; horses eat from the abandoned carts. US infantry run from a tank that is firing into the forest. LS of a building behind trees. SLATE: "Killorin 04/10/45" Men stand on top of two tanks. U.S. military personnel order German prisoners to rise. Shooting tank in a field.
01:05:06 RG-60.0124, Nordhausen
Clip taken from the film "Nazi Concentration Camps." English narration. Intertitle reads, "Nordhausen Concentration Camp." Several views of corpses littering the camp. American soldiers remove survivors. The camp was liberated by the 3rd Armored Division, First US Army. INT shots of a barrack, where a few survivors remain among the pile of corpses. American soldiers carry survivors out on stretchers. Medium close ups of surviving inmates. CU of a man crying. An emaciated man clasps his hands in gratitude as he is lifted onto a stretcher. A man wearing glasses stares up from a stretcher. Inmates eating soup and being helped into ambulances. Back view of two ambulances as they pull away. The narrator states, "The Bürgermeister of Nordhausen is ordered to provide 600 German male civilians who will inter the 2500 unburied bodies at the camp." Civilians remove corpses. Army priest administers last rites. Germans on the road with shovels. American soldiers look into a mass grave filled with corpses.
01:08:26 RG-60.0119, Dachau
April 30, 1945 Dachau: three prisoners, visible through a fence, cooking with a corpse in the background. Jewish women prisoners, including a CU of a fifteen year old girl. A female prisoner laughs and talks with a male prisoner through a hole in a fence. LS of women peering through holes in a fence. Nice quality CUs of faces of male prisoners. At the direction of another prisoner, a group of male prisoners raise their fingers in a "v" salute. HAS of liberated prisoners among the rows of camp buildings. LS from a guard tower with a gun in the foreground. A group of prisoners waves through a barbed wire fence. CUs of extremely emaciated male prisoners; prisoner bares his chest for photographer; Seq: Maj Edward A. Jesser, Jr. and the Prince of Luxembourg [Prince Felix] walk to center of camp and speak to prisoners. Jesser is with the Luxembourg Military Mission, 12th Army Group [info probably from shot sheets that accompanied film at NARA]. Nice shots of the prince. Views of American soldiers looking at corpses in the Dachau death train cars. CUs on faces and emaciated bodies of dead Jewish prisoners. Stack of naked bodies in the crematorium. Piles of prison uniforms and other types of clothing removed from the dead. More shots of corpses in the death train. Flags of many nations fly over the liberated camp: France, Belgium, Yugoslavia, Netherlands, USSR, Poland, Russia, England and United States. Slate identifies date as April 27, 1945: infantrymen of 45th Division, 157th Regiment enters outskirts of Dachau. American soldiers march German prisoners down a ste of railroad tracks. American soldiers enter the camp. Some fire their weapons. A liberated Dachau prisoner violently attacks a German soldier.
01:16:52 RG-60.0120, April 10, 1945, Ohrdruf
Slate gives name of cameraman as A. Statt of the 166th Signal Photo Company, date as April 10, 1945, and subject as "Horror Victims." EXTs of barracks where prisoners were housed, with corpses on the ground. MSs and CUs of bodies (inmates at the camp were Russian, Polish, Belgian, and French). Burned corpses on railroad tracks, human skulls, burned heaps of bodies. LS of pits where bodies were buried, leg of cadaver sticking out of mud in pit, bodies covered with lime stacked in shed. CUs of stacked corpses. INTs of barracks where prisoners were housed.
01:21:31 RG-60.0127, April 6 and 7, 1945, Ohrdruf
Patrols of the 83rd Division, 9th Army, Hastenbeck to Bad Lippspringe. American tanks loaded with soldiers moving through town, soldiers waving; tanks pass in front of camera, burning piles in background. Soldiers examine burning enemy plane in a field (plane shot down). MSs and CUs of soldiers of the 331st Regiment, 83rd Division atop M-24s and M-18s. They pose and smile at the camera. Tanks move out. MSs of soldiers on foot in town. Soldiers walking towards and then mounting tanks.
01:26:09 RG-60.0128, April 7, 1945, Ohrdruf
American soldiers stand with German civilians in front of a pile of corpses. American MPs force Germans to enter a shed and view corpses. Shot of a German officer wearing a medical armband surrounded by American soldiers. This same man tries to refuse to enter the shed but he is forced to go in. One of the American soldiers holds a camera, waiting to take photos as people exit. German civilians at the train tracks where bodies were burned. CUs of charred bodies lying in mud alternate with shots of German civilians. Germans climb aboard a military vehicle. Medium CUs of bodies stacked in shed. Civilians climb out of the truck. CU of a German officer wearing medical armband. The American soldiers talk to the civilians. A GI looks at corpses scattered around the camp grounds. American officer with a group of survivors, who hid in the woods until the Germans left. MS of an emaciated survivor.

Compilation of newly preserved footage from the Julien Bryan Collection at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shown during a presentation given by Raye Farr, Regina Longo, Russ Suniewick, and Sam Bryan for the Orphan 5 Film Symposium at the University of South Carolina in March 2006.

Compilation of Museum's archival footage screened at the Association of Moving Image Archivists Annual Conference in Boston, MA in 2002. The film was presented by Raye Farr and shows segments from the Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, including the Greenland expedition [Zabin Collection] and Goering footage [Bechtler Collection].

Compilation of preserved footage from the John Christopher Bechtler Collection at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shown during Raye Farr's presentation for the Cinematography of the Holocaust conference in Germany in 2004. Scenes include home movie footage of Arthur Kannenberg (Hitler's house manager), Nazi officials, Goering and his special trains, and other rare sequences.

Compilation of Museum's archival footage screened at the Association of Moving Image Archivists Annual Conference in Minneapolis, MN in 2004. The film was presented by Raye Farr and Regina Longo and shows segments from the Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive, including the Mogilev gassing footage from "Nuremberg: Its Lesson for Today."

Compilaton containing footage of displaced persons camps from the SSFVA produced as research for the Museum's special exhibition on displaced persons called "Life Reborn: Jewish Displaced Persons 1945-1951" on display from December 8, 1999 to May 21, 2000.

Video clips compiled for screening at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Days of Remembrance activities in April 2010 commemorating the role of liberators. The videos were displayed in the classrooms on the concourse level of the Museum during the Collections Open House activities.
Contents include:
Russell Collection - Postwar destruction of Germany and liberation of Dachau in b/w (USHMM Film ID 2856, 01:06:39 to 01:20:16)

Compilation of March of Time outtakes from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shown during a presentation given by Leslie Swift at the Cinematography of the Holocaust conference in Budapest, Hungary in March 2007.

Compilation of newly preserved footage from the Julien Bryan Collection at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shown during a presentation given by Raye Farr and Regina Longo for the New York Film and Video Council in March 2005.

01:00:13 RG-60.0008, May 3, 1945, Dachau
Slate: "Spec. Cov. Unit SPX-G, P. Drell, 5.3.1945" (LIB 6572) Soldier opens the door to the gas execution chamber with sign over door: "Brausebad" [Shower Bath]. Camera pans to ceiling, gas vents, mechanisms in the chamber. Two soldiers walk away. Behind them there is a pile of bodies in room adjoining gas chamber. Slate: Marthey. MS, Dachau train station. CU, sign on building wall: "Dachau." CU, street sign with cut-out, low relief sculptures. US armed entrance (gate) to camp with barracks in BG. CU, sign: "Quarantine, Typhus. This concentration camp is off limits to all civil and military personnel by order of Gen Patch, CG, Seventh Army." CU, Christian altar in camp. A statue of Mary and Jesus stand on the altar, which is surrounded by a cross, plaques and flowers. Horse-drawn wagons with bodies from the camp are led through the streets by German civilians wearing gas masks. Trains pass. Camera follows behind wagon pulling corpses. CU, board with a Star of David painted on it. Capt. David M. Eichorn, Jewish chaplain of the US XV Corps, is surrounded by smiling men. He steps from a jeep and is greeted by survivors. A survivor hands the chaplain a bouquet of flowers. CU, chaplain as he speaks to the crowd around him. Men in crowd stand and listen, some cry and wipe their faces with handkerchiefs. Various flags wave in the wind behind the crowd. A former prisoner speaks to the crowd from a podium. Well-dressed men walk along the road. There is a procession of horse-drawn wagons carrying piles of bodies.
01:08:45 RG-60.0009, May 5, 1945, Dachau
(LIB 6576) Slate: "Dachau Jewish Service, McCarthy" Survivors attend services conducted by an American Jewish chaplain. Women and men weep. People hold up flags, it is very windy. Chaplain stands at a podium. CUs of various corpses, some surrounded by food. People gathered together for an outdoor church service. Survivors stand in crowd, some hold flags. Men wrapped in blankets, sitting on a flatbed, assisted by liberators. A naked corpse lies on a stretcher. People stand outside for a church service. Flags are waving in the wind. Scenes showing corpses from the Dachau Death Train. Bodies lying on the freight cars. A long line of German prisoners march through the streets of Munich (scratched). Camera pans over Dachau camp, it is snowing. The body of a dog leans against a building in the snow. CU, INTs, oven in the crematorium with bones and ashes inside.
01:16:45 RG-60.0022, Concentration Camp, Ludgwigslust, Germany, May 5, 1945. Survivors stand in the concentration camp at Ludwigslust. Bodies of camp victims inside barracks. Bodies stacked in open doorway of building. Male survivors stand outside building. A body lays blanketed on the ground outside of a hospital building. More shots of the covered body. Men stand under a Red Cross sign that reads "Ambulanzzeit." Survivors sit along the fence cooking around an open fire. CUs, survivors cooking food outside. Two men pump water from a well. VAR LS of the barracks. Soldiers stand around a frame of a burnt building while others walk by and salute. Prisoners sit and stand around a fence.
US newspapermen are sprayed with delousing powder at Dachau on May 7, 1945.
11th Panzer Division Surrenders, Neumark, Czechoslovakia, May 4, 1945. US 90th Div Brig Gen Herbert Earnest in discussion with German Panzer Commanding Gen Wendt Weitersheim. German tanks and vehicles move along a road to assembly area. German tanks and vehicles continue to move along the road. CU, sign: "Neumark." CU, Brig Gen's star on jeep bumper.

Compilation of newly preserved footage from the Julien Bryan Collection at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shown during a Museum development event in Florida in 2005.
Segments include RG-60.3941, RG-60.4008, and RG-60.4116.

Documentary film about the leading Balkan Sephardi rabbis of the time with rare footage of Jewish schools, residential quarters, synagogues, and cemeteries and a sampling of Sephardi religious customs. Selections of the 1929 film was obtained for a Collections Division-wide online exhibition called "Highlighting the Experience of Sephardi Jews" featured on the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's website.

01:00:10 USHMM Photo Archives Worksheet # 89210. Switzerland 1943 View of the Swiss Alps framing the background of the shelters housing Jewish refugees of all nationalities. *Please credit the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives.
01:00:20 USHMM Photo Archives Worksheet # 89209. Switzerland 1943 A French refugee boy waits patiently for his bowl to be filled with food in Switzerland. Since the summer of 1942, when the Germans began to deport refugees from France to Poland, some 6,000 men, women and children escaped from France to Switzerland through the
Alps. *Please credit the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives.
01:00:30 USHMM Photo Archives Worksheet # 89208. Switzerland 1943 A Swiss nurse attends to a refugee girl's leg injury in a home supported by the American Joint Distribution. This young girl sustained her injury while crossing the Alps with her parents from France into Switzerland. *Please credit the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives.
01:00:40 USHMM Photo Archives Worksheet # 80500. Merkers, [Thueringen] Germany April 15, 1945 Bundles of currency collected art, and other valuables from Berlin lie stored in a salt mine where they were left by the German government. The cache was discovered by U.S. troops of the 90th Division. *Please credit the National Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives.
01:00:50 USHMM Photo Archives Worksheet # 80624. Buchenwald, Germany May 5, 1945 An American soldier sorts through crates of silverware taken from prisoners in Buchenwald. The crates were hidden in a nearby cave along with other boxes of confiscated belongings. *Please credit the National Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives.
01:01:00 USHMM Photo Archives Worksheet # 80623. Buchenwald, Germany May 5, 1945 A crate full of rings confiscated from prisoners in Buchenwald and found by American troops in a cave adjoining Buchenwald. *Please credit the National Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives.
01:01:10 USHMM Photo Archives Worksheet # 74575. Germany April 12, 1945 General Dwight D. Eisenhower, General Omar N. Bradley, and other Army personnel examine a suitcase of silverware, which was found in a salt mine. *Please credit the National Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives.
01:01:20 USHMM Photo Archives Worksheet # 74574. Germany April 12, 1945 General Dwight D. Eisenhower, General Omar N. Bradley, Lt. General George S. Patton, Jr., and other Army personnel, inspect art treasures stolen by Germans and hidden in a salt mine in Germany. *Please credit the National Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives.
The Swiss requested a large J be put on the passports of Jews. The following passport pictures are of items maintained in the Museum's collection:
01:01:30 USHMM Records/Archives # 740-4. German Reisepass Nr. 0052921/40, cover shot
01:01:40 USHMM Records/Archives # 740-8. German Passport Nr. 391/39, for Oppenheimer, first page, marked with a "J"
01:01:50 USHMM Records/Archives # 740-1. German Passport Nr. 188582, for Geiger, first page, marked with a "J"
01:02:00 USHMM Records/Archives # 740-3. German Passport, for Teigar, personal information page, date: 21 August 1939
01:02:12 RG-60.0026, Auschwitz, Poland 1945 Images of survivors, with baggage, wrapped warmly and walking in the snow through the camp.
01:02:34 RG-60.0026, Auschwitz, Poland 1945 General views of camp architecture, including a close-up of the "Arbeit Macht Frei" sign above the gate, and of the barbed wire encompassing the camp.
01:02:48 RG-60.0026, Auschwitz, Poland 1945 Footage of a photo album, with the pages being turned. The happy pictures include young and old, portraits and families, in a medium shot.
01:03:14 RG-60.0027, Auschwitz, Poland 1945 The camera pans across piles of suitcases, showing some close-up, with luggage stickers of various countries. There is a German narration, which lists names of countries from which the prisoners came (for example, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Holland).
01:03:37 RG-60.0027, Auschwitz, Poland 1945 Russian doctors and nurses examine the legs of child survivors. There is German voice-over.
01:03:51 RG-60.0027, Auschwitz, Poland 1945 Contrasting images of pictures of healthy children, filmed from a photo album, with footage of sickly child survivors. There is German voice-over.
01:04:13 RG-60.0029, Majdanek, Poland 1944 German voice-over listing names and countries of origins from former inmates' passports, as camera pans across passports. There are some close-ups of passports.
01:04:56 RG-60.0029, Majdanek, Poland 1944 Toys and dolls, which once belonged to young inmates, are piled high. There is German voice-over.
01:05:04 RG-60.0032, Excerpts from the Nazi Plan, showing the boycott of Jewish shops. Also included are German street scenes with natural sound. Nazi soldiers chant and wave flag with swastika as driving down the street. There are "Achtung Juden" signs and Star of David symbols painted on the shop windows, and crowds milling about in front of shops.
01:06:32 RG-60.0033, Allied soldiers caring for sick and wounded camp inmates during liberation. Red Cross trucks are used to bring the sick to medical attention. There are close-ups of newly liberated prisoners, and of women leaving their barracks.
01:07:07 RG-60.0375, Berlin, Germany 1937 Crowd and artwork from the "Entartete Kunst" (Degenerate Art) exhibit is filmed. Artwork is stuffed onto walls, with hardly a free space anywhere.
01:07:30 RG-60.0383, Berlin, Germany 1937 People walking through a city park, with benches lining the side. There is a close-up of a sign, which reads "Die gelben Banke Sind fur Juden" (The yellow benches are for Jews).
01:07:52 RG-60.0396, Berlin, Germany 1937 Shots of an outdoor café / restaurant called the Kranzler. There are people sitting, reading the newspaper, with a swastika flag hanging in the background. There is a waitress serving drinks, and well-dressed passerby. The segment ends with an aerial shot of the café.
01:08:44 RG-60.0396, Berlin, Germany 1937 Streets scenes of downtown Berlin. Buses and cars travel down a busy, tree-lined avenue.
01:08:54 RG-60.0397, Berlin, Germany 1937 More street scenes of Berlin. The camera catches a train, moving from left to right on the screen, in a medium close-up; a tram and a train go in opposite directions along a city street; and a policeman in uniform and white gloves directs traffic.
01:09:18 RG-60.0379, Berlin, Germany 1937 An establishing shot of the Brandenburg Gate, with pedestrians, bicyclists, cars and buses passing in front of it.
01:09:30 RG-60.0593, Washington, DC, November 15, 1938, Universal Newsreel: F.D.R. Leads Nation in Protest Against Nazi Persecutions. F.D.R. is on the screen but does not speak. There are images of stores with broken windows from Kristallnacht. Herbert Hoover speaks, with sound, from Palo Alto, California: "Americans are and should be indignant at the terrible outbreak of Jewish persecution in Germany..."
01:10:16 RG-60.0591, Czechoslovakia, Sudetenland October 15, 1938 Chairs and other furniture lie stacked on a large lorry, as two Czech women linger by the truck. The shot ends with a medium close-up of an older Czech woman with a scarf on her head looking out the window of a truck.
01:10:22 RG-60.0592, Brno, Czechoslovakia October 23, 1938 Universal Newsreel: Czech Jews in Exile. Men and women exit a tent and stand solemnly for the camera, and wait on benches. The faces are sad and tattered.
01:10:48 RG-60.0592, Naples, Italy October 23, 1938 Universal Newsreel: Refugees boarding the "Lloyd Trieste" ship. Those on board wave as ship pulls away.
01:11:03 RG-60.0601, Czechoslovakia 1938 Headlines of 1938, Europe: Smashed windows line the streets in Czechoslovakia after Kristallnacht.
01:11:13 RG-60.0692, Harwich, England December 1938 Footage of the Kindertransport: the first boatload of 200 German Jewish children arrives from Holland. Name tags are checked, photographers jostle for pictures of the children, and the ship "Prague" sits in the dock.
01:12:40 RG-60.0694, Paris, France December 1938 Jews seek help in Paris: Jewish refugees speaking with committee members for legal advice and others waiting in chairs. Camera holds on a young mother with two small children and a baby.
01:13:29 RG-60.0694, Paris, France December 1938 Jews Seek Help in Paris: Well-dressed refugees wait in line to see committee members. People walk past committee offices with signs for Israel.
01:15:09 RG-60.0695, Amsterdam, Holland December 1938 Jewish Refugees in Amsterdam: Jewish men, carrying suitcases, walk along a street, carrying suitcases, and enter a small hotel.
01:15:35 RG-60.0695, Amsterdam, Holland December 1938 Amsterdam street scenes, including pedestrians and trams, are shown, as well as images of the Amsterdam Diamond Bourse, of people selling and trading, in an open-air market.
01:18:03 RG-60.0786, London, England December 1938 Exterior shots show Woburn House, a Jewish Refugee Relief Center, and people entering for assistance.
01:18:34 RG-60.0786, London, England December 1938 A refugee couple at Woburn House, being interviewed in German, show their passport documents and describe fleeing from Vienna to Switzerland.
01:19:23 Film ID 317, Views of an airfield, small airport building and planes taking off. There are men loading baggage, an Ala Littoria plane, and a various planes with swastikas painted on them.
01:20:45 RG-60.0788, Lisbon, Portugal 1942 - 1943 Street scenes in Lisbon include the exterior of the American Export Lines building. A sign inside advertises direct passage from Lisbon to New York, and refugees fill out papers at the counter.
01:22:52 RG-60.0790, Lisbon, Portugal 1942 - 1943 The "Serpa Pinto" waits to embark 1500 children from France, but at the last minute the Germans do not let the children leave France. Shots of people waving to those on deck, of children having their papers checked and walking up the gangway. Ship departs as hands wave goodbye.
01:24:52 RG-60.0796, Bensheim, Germany August 1946 Jewish officials visit Bensheim Displaced Person's Camp, as displaced adults and children look on. Children march through the main square.
01:26:13 RG-60.0679, Marseille, France April 1947 Jewish immigrants, from the British sector of Berlin, on their way to Palestine, arrive by train in Marseille. People mill around a station soup kitchen, and then move onto the boat with their belongings. There are shots on the boat, then of people waving.

RG-60.0363, Nov 20, 1945, Indictment
Reading of indictment at Nuremberg Trial. Defendants are present: Hess, Streicher, Kaltenbrunner, von Ribbentrop, & others. MS, MLS, defendants' bench, judges, courtroom audience listening. (poor image quality-scratches on film, underexposed footage.) Courtroom at rest (pre-trial). All stand, 60 seated. MS, defendants' bench. Hess stares stonily (at camera). Hess looks around room, smirks and smiles as MP picks up Hess' earphones for him to hear. Judges' bench, presiding judge reads indictment. (poor image quality-underexposed), accusation of guilty is read. Presiding judge reads off a list of names of the accused, as follows: Funk, Streicher, Kaltenbrunner, Jodl, Bormann, von Ribbentrop, etc. including Krupp von Bohlen. Goering looking bored, distracted. Hess fidgets. MLS, seated group, lawyers and defendants. Cut to Hess and Goering, slow pan across defendants' bench, (uneven lighting in courtroom). MS, Judge's bench. LS from back of courtroom, Jackson reading.
04:08:30 RG-60.0364, Nov 20, 1945 "Not Guilty" pleas
MSs, Tribunal enters courtroom. MLS, German attorney makes statement to court and Lord Justice Geoffrey Lawrence is heard advising the defendants that they may consult with their lawyers. Justice Lawrence stresses that provisions according to Art. 24 will be followed by the court. Apparently, this refers to the fact that defendants, in their final statement, could only plead "guilty" or "not guilty," but otherwise would not be allowed to make any statements. The defense complained the defendants had only been informed about the stipulations of this final plea two days ago, and did not have time to prepare. A fifteen minute recess is granted by Justice Lawrence. MSs, Rudolf Hess standing in dock during adjournment. MSs, Wilhelm Keitel, with back to camera, speaks to Fritz Sauckel. Alongside him is Alfred Rosenberg. MS, group of lawyers conferring during adjournment. MLS, Hermann Goering stands up and starts to read statement to the court. The voice of Justice Lawrence interrupts, saying that the defendants are not permitted to read statements but are to plead guilty or not guilty. MLS, Goering, Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Keitel, Rosenberg, Julius Streicher, Walter Funk, Hjalmar Schacht, Franz Von Papen, Konstantin Neurath and Hans Fritzsche, one by one, plead not guilty. MLS, Goering again rises to make statement, but is warned by the court. Rear view, chief Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson starts opening address... "The privilege of opening the first trial in history for the crimes against the people of the world is a grave responsibility. The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant and so devastating that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored because it cannot survive their being repeated..." (Excerpt of opening address)
04:19:39 RG-60.2421, Dec 13, 1945, Mauthausen
LSs, RVs, prosecutor Thomas J. Dodd presents evidence on Mauthausen, Buchenwald, and Auschwitz. The shrunken head of a victim is presented as evidence (no CUs). MSs, Hermann Goering, Rudolf Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Wilhelm Keitel, and Ernst Kaltenbrunner listening to Dodd.
04:21:41 RG-60.2428, Dec 13, 1945, Attacks on Jews, Kovno
RVs, Major Walsh, US prosecutor, reading original Nazi letters which describe pogroms and other actions taken against the Jews in Latvia and Lithuania. He further reads documentation on the removal of gold teeth and fillings from the mouths of Jews before their annihilation. "Actions," burning of synagogues, etc., in Riga and other areas. LS, courtroom, waiting. Reading of memo by SS Brigadefuehrer Stahlecher to Himmler (10/15/41) reporting a pogrom, "Aktion Gruppe" : "To our surprise, not easy at first, to set in motion an extensive pogrom against Jews. Lithuanians (in several days) killed several thousand... Jews made harmless in a similar way, set fire to synagogues..." In the Riga pogrom 400 Jews were killed. All synagogues destroyed. MS, Hess and other Nazi war criminals seated in stand. Cut to prosecuting attorney. Reads from documentation: "overhauling of vans...[because the gassing] doesn't work well in rainy weather." LS, courtroom. Jews had gold fillings, etc., removed or pulled out. This took place 1-2 hours before the "action." Account of how much gold had been taken. MCU, prosecuting attorney's back. LS, same as above.
04:29:57 RG-60.2422, March 18, 1946, Jackson questions Goering on concentration camps, SS, SA
LS Hermann Goering under questioning by Chief Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson says in part that he was the originator of the concentration camps. He describes the ways and means of arresting people and states: "The government that Germany had was the only feasible type of government at that time and it succeeded in pulling Germany out of the depths." Answering the question of the judge, "who dealt with people on a physical level?" Hermann Goering testifies that the SS and SA never received any orders to kill. At least "not in his time," he had no influence on the SS. LS, courtroom rises for recess. LS, some of the defendants chatting during recess.
04:41:09 RG-60.2423, Feb 28, 1946, Jackson speech on "criminality of organizations" and the "pyramid of power"
HS, Front view, a defense attorney, Dr. Martin Horne, speaking to Tribunal. Horne repeats the request of the defense to admit Winston Churchill as a witness. The court had already decided against that before the defense could bring it up. LHSs, MSs, US Chief Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson delivers a speech concerning the prosecution's case against certain organizations in the Nazi Government. Jackson says, "The work of these organizations was to incite a mob spirit in the German people." Jackson states that the SS, unmercifully and with malice, killed five million Jews. "These crimes with which we deal, are unprecedented; not only because of the large number of organizations which carried them out so methodically, but because of the large number of people who united their efforts to perpetrate them."
04:50:37 RG-60.2420, March 20-22 1946, Jackson questions Goering on measures against the Jews
March 20-22, 1946. LS, prisoners in dock during questioning. Voice of Robert H. Jackson is heard interrogating Hermann Goering about his being "radical against the Jews." VS, Jackson questioning Goering about the mass dissolution of Jewish civilians. Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe questions Goering about the orders he received about turning over escaped Russian POWs to the Secret Police. Statement of Lt. Gen. Grosch is handed to Goering.

Documentary film about the gay survivors of Nazi Germany, including interviews with three gay survivors. As many as 15,000 homosexuals were sent to concentration camps, targeted by the Nazis as subversives. The "A" -- which stood for "Arschficker" [Assfucker] -- refers to a symbol that pre-dated the pink triangle which gay prisoners were forced to wear.
*** Copies available with and without English subtitles ***

Short film produced by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Steven Spielberg Film and Video Archive for screening at a medical conference in Berlin on December 9, 1996. Final Edit dated November 21, 1996.
Audio Only from RG-60.2210: Roll call over opening title.
From RG-60.2376: HAS, courtroom.
Audio Only from RG-60.2210: "The secretary will call the roll of the defendants..." [barely audible]. Intertitle.
From RG-60.2376: Secretary calls "Karl Brandt".
Audio Only from RG-60.2210: Defendants names are called, including Karl Gebhardt, Kurt Blome, Rudolf Brandt, Gerhard Rose, Siegried Ruff, Hans Wolfang Romberg, Victor Brack, and Herta Oberhauser. Over intertitle and still photographs of the Palace of Justice. Image begins at 01:00:42: Karl Brandt, once Hitler's personal doctor, is questioned in the dock and pleads not guilty. 01:00:54 CUs of Karl Brandt (from RG-60.2376). Three other defendants plead not guilty. 01:01:20 Audio Only, Gen. Telford Taylor, Chief of Counsel for War Crimes, begins opening statement for prosecution on December 9, 1946. Over intertitle. Image begins at 01:01:25. Wide shot of bench. MS, Taylor: "...For them, it is far more important that these incredible events be established by clear and public proof so that no one can ever doubt that they were fact and not fable and that this court...as the voice of humanity stamp these acts and the ideas which engendered them as barbarous and criminal...." Audio continues, showing CUs of defendants (from RG-60.2376). MS, Taylor (from RG-60.2210).
01:03:15 From RG-60.2353: Taylor continues opening statement for the prosecution. Views from rear of Taylor addressing the court. Chart showing relations between government and defendants posted on the court screen. 01:04:19 Pan of the dock and their lawyers in front as Taylor indicts particular defendants.
01:05:38 From RG-60.2436: December 9, 1946, Telford Taylor in the opening statement for the prosecution, details high altitude, low pressure experiments at Dachau. Clips of still photographs used as evidence showing victims of high altitude experiments. "The victims who did not die in the course of such experiments, surely wished that they had. A long report written in July 1942 by Rascher, and by the defendants Ruff and Romberg, describes an experiment on a former delicatessen clerk, who was given an oxygen mask and raised in the chamber to an atmospheric elevation of over 47,000 feet, at which point the mask was removed and a parachute descent was simulated. The report describes the victim's reactions-"spasmodic convulsions," "agonal convulsive breathing," "clonic convulsions and groans," "yells aloud," "convulses arms and legs," "grimaces, bites his tongue," "does not respond to speech," "gives the impression of someone who is completely out of his mind.""
01:06:39 From RG-60.2306: December 20, 1946, Jadwiga Dzido, former prisoner, Ravensbrueck Concentration Camp, shows scarred leg. Dr. Leo Alexander explains the medical experiment performed on her at Ravensbrueck.
01:07:21 From RG-60.2429: December 9, 1946, Telford Taylor continues opening statement regarding sterilization experiments. Views of the dock and Taylor delivering from the podium. "In the sterilization experiments conducted by the defendants at Auschwitz, Ravensbrueck, and other concentration camps, the destructive nature of the Nazi medical program comes out most forcibly. The Nazis were searching for methods of extermination, both by murder and sterilization, of large population groups, by the most scientific and least conspicuous means. They were developing a new branch of medical science which would give them the scientific tools for the planning and practice of genocide. The primary purpose was to discover an inexpensive, unobtrusive, and rapid method of sterilization which could be used to wipe out Russians, Poles, Jews, and other people."
01:08:18 From RG-60.2359: Taylor, from rear in courtroom, continues opening statement regarding experiments in yellow fever, smallpox, typhus, cholera, and diphtheria conducted at Natzweiler and Buchenwald, naming defendants' involvement. He also discusses the gathering of skeletons for research and other "anthropological experiments" at Strasbourg, as well as euthanasia. 01:09:26 Taylor details Count 3 - Crimes Against Humanity. Audio continues over slow pan of defendants in dock wearing headphones (from RG-60.2372).
01:10:10 From RG-60.2371: July 19, 1947, Final statement by Karl Brandt.
01:10:28 From RG-60.2368: July 19, 1947, Judge Beals announces that the evidence is concluded.
01:10:52 From RG-60.0007: August 20, 1947, Sentencing of Karl Brandt, Siegfried Handloser, Gerhard Rose, Viktor Brack.
01:12:44 Rolling text describing sentencing in Medical Case. Includes quotes from trial proceedings.

Audiovisual monitors shown in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Permanent Exhibition called "The Holocaust" (according to exhibition number).
01:02:00 2.07 Liberation: British Army
01:08:53 2.07 Liberation: Soviet Army
01:14:10 2.07 Liberation: US Army
01:22:21 4.01 Americans Encounter the Camps

Coproduced by the U.S.Holocaust Memorial Museum Research Institute, this Academy Award-winning documentary relates the harrowing story of Gerda Weissmann Klein and her journey of survival and remembering both before and after the war.

Documentary about Jewish Holocaust survivors who lived in concentration camps and Nazi occupied territories and the American soldiers who liberated them, bearing witness to Adolf Hitler's murderous rampage.

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Orientation Film presents an overview of the Museum's exhibitions and memorials and is shown throughout the day in one of the theaters. (with and without subtitles)

4.22 Antisemitism (with and without English subtitles/captions)
Antisemitism film with archival photographs, footage, and interviews shown on the fourth floor of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Permanent Exhibition called "The Holocaust".
The videos contain the original (1993) and May 30, 1995 versions. The revision from the year 2000 is available via USHMM Institutional Archives.

Compilation of footage and interviews documenting the Presidential Commission on the Holocaust, which was responsible for the creation of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and celebrating its 20th anniversary in the year 2000. Production was screened during a Museum public program.
Elie Wiesel leads the Presidential Commission as they travel to Auschwitz, Treblinka, Warsaw, and other locations in Poland. Among those participating: Miles Lerman, Chris Lerman, Sigmund Strochlitz, Benjamin Meed, Yaffa Eliach, Michael Berenbaum, Kitty Dukakis, Raul Hilberg. Their report is presented to President Jimmy Carter, and the creation of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum is undertaken. Stages of the museum's design and construction are seen, as are major figures in its creation: Architect James Freed, Council Chairman Harvey Meyerhoff, Miles Lerman, Albert Abramson, Jeshajahu Weinberg. President Bill Clinton speaks at the April 1993 opening of the museum.

Interactive audiovisual monitors shown on the fourth and second floors in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Permanent Exhibition called "The Holocaust".
This version is clean, with no titles and no menu button.
4.35a&b - American Responses 1933-1939
01:00:21 Persecution Begins (1933-1939)
01:06:58 Bookburnings
01:10:27 1936 Olympics
01:15:41 November Pogroms: "Kristallnacht"
01:21:31 Search for Refuge
2.16 - American Responses 1939-1945
01:29:41 First News of Extermination
01:35:36 War Against the Jews
01:41:47 American Jewish Responses
01:47:28 Attempts at Rescue
01:53:01 Encountering the Camps

Compilation of footage from WETA's filming of the USHMM for their one-hour documentary "For the Living." The clips were prepared for the AV production of the Memorial Tribute to Harvey "Bud" Meyerhoff (HMM250).

Edited version of "The Nazi Plan" for screening at the Goethe Institut on November 29-30, 2005, in conjunction with the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's public program commemorating the 60th anniversary of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg called "Filmmakers for the Prosecution: Budd Schulberg, Stuart Schulberg, and the Nuremberg Trial."

AV production shown at the Eichmann Trial public program at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum on February 12, 2002. Three clips from USHMM Film IDs 2036, 2039, and 2108 feature survivor testimonies about the Warsaw ghetto uprising and gassing experimentation, CUs of Eichmann, Abba Kovner's testimony, and Servatius questioning Eichmann.

AV production documenting a United States Holocaust Memorial Museum event called "An American Mosaic" on April 29, 2003. Film features speeches by Sara Bloomfield, Ted Koppel, teachers, survivors, and students.

AV production honoring the role of liberators during the Holocaust shown at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in May 2004 during the opening of the national World War II Memorial in Washington, DC.

A short video highlighting overseas interviews with witnesses, collaborators, and perpetrators created as part of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Oral History program. The 12 minute video combining excerpts of four interviews, three in Polish and one in Lithuanian with a convicted member of a killing squad, has had a wide and powerful impact.
1. Stefan Kucharek, Polish engine driver, shuttled deportation trains between the local railway station and the gate of Treblinka killing center, Poland 1943
2. Aleksandra Nizio and Wiktoria Salega, Polish sisters, as young girls witnessed German mass killing of Jews at Trawniki Camp, Poland, 1943
3. Juozas Aleksynas, Member of 12th Lithuanian Police Battalion employed in German mass shootings of Jews, Belarus 1941

Video presented during an evening program at USHMM on November 29, 2005 highlighting films presented during and about the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg: "The Nazi Plan" (1945) and "Nuremberg: Its Lesson for Today" (1947).

AV monitors 2, 5, 6, 7, 12 exhibited as part of "Deadly Medicine: Creating the Master Race"" at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum from April 2004 to May 29, 2006. The exhibition focused on the physicians, psychiatrists, anthropologists, public health officials, and others who supported and, ultimately, implemented the Nazi racial eugenics program that culminated in the Holocaust.
01:00:00 Monitor 2: Weimar Clinic
01:01:30 Monitor 5: Nazi Racial Science
01:06:35 Monitor 6: Anthropology in the Field
01:09:59 Monitor 7: Building Public Support
01:13:28 Monitor 12: Testimony

Interactive video presentations from the Museum’s special exhibition, "State of Deception: The Power of Nazi Propaganda," providing historical analysis of the Nazi propaganda films on Theresienstadt and the Warsaw ghetto. On the subject of Theresienstadt, curator Steve Luckert discusses film excerpts from "The Fuehrer Gives a City to he Jews" and Maurice Rossel's interview for Claude Lanzmann's SHOAH (14.25 minutes). Film director Raye Farr provides an analysis of several scenes in the Warsaw ghetto film and interprets the Nazi’s propaganda intent from a curator’s perspective, with particular reference to Josef Goebbels’ diary and the journals of ghetto inhabitants (10.8 minutes).

05:00:21 RG-60.0006, May 1946, Closeups of chief Nazi war criminals (near the end of the trial)
CUs, Hermann Goering. Goering looks directly at camera, then away; blinking; speaks to man to his left (off camera) calmly; inattentively grins; smiles as if there was a joke. CUs, Hess. Stares at the camera, then downward; grim expression. CU, Goering nervously tugging at scarf tied beneath collar of uniform. CU, Goering resting his chin on his hand. CU, Hess stroking his face with his hand. He is looking downward, pulls at his lip, rubs face, squashes cheek, picks at his cheek. CU, Wilhelm Keitel, stoic. CU, Hess listening on one earphone. CU, Keitel rubbing his eyes and nose; putting on earphones. CU, Rosenberg biting his nails. CU, Wilhelm Frick. CU, Admiral Erich Raeder. CU, Franz Von Papen dozing. CU, Joachim von Ribbentrop nervously playing with his tie; pulls his sunglasses over his eyes. CU, Fritz Sauckel.CU, Alfred Rosenberg stroking his hair, fidgeting, wiping eyes, rubbing face, head in hand. CU, Alfred Jodl, yawns and strokes his mouth. CU, Albert Speer.CU, Walther Funk. CU, Joachim Von Ribbentrop. CU, Keitel.
05:09:32 RG-60.2424, July 27, 1946, Chief British prosecutor Shawcross final plea for conviction
MS, Chief British prosecutor Sir Hartley Shawcross making final plea for conviction (speech only partly recorded). HMS, showing left side of prisoners' dock. Goering, Jodl, and others speaking with their attorneys during recess. HMS, von Papen and Seyss-Inquart. HS, MLS, MS Shawcross making his final plea for conviction of the defendants. HMLS, Goering, von Ribbentrop, Keitel, Kaltenbrunner, Rosenberg, Doenitz, Sauckel in prisoner's dock as Shawcross is heard speaking. HMLS, Prosecutor Jackson, Dodd, and others seated at table; Shawcross in left FG is speaking. HMS, pan of defendants in dock during Shawcross's speech.
05:17:25 RG-60.2425, July 27, 1946, Shawcross closing arguments
HS Defendants in dock. HMS, Goering, von Ribbentrop, Doenitz in dock. Pan, von Ribbentrop, Keitel, Kaltenbrunner, Rosenberg; pan back to Goering. Pan, from prisoners' dock to Shawcross speaking. Note: Voice of Sir Hartley Shawcross is heard throughout reel summing up. HMS, Shawcross, Rudenko, and unidentified woman conversing at the end of the trial. MSs, Chief US Prosecutor Jackson making his summation (re-enacted). Jackson insists that although some of the defendants are more guilty than others, the magnitude of the crime committed is such that any differentiation between them is not justified. "The individual must transcend the state."
05:23:57 July 26, 1946 Jackson begins summation
05:27:47 RG-60.2426, Aug 29, 1946 Summary by Thomas Dodd
HSs, MSs Thomas J. Dodd of the American prosecution, tells of the great mass of evidence presented during the trial and the criminal tendencies of the Gestapo, SA, SS. HS Col. Andrus, Provost Marshal, speaking to prisoners in dock at end of session. HS prisoners conversing after the court adjourns; Col. Andrus is standing at the left.
05:38:40 RG-60.2431, Aug 26, 1947, Telford Taylor indictment in IG Farben case, re. Auschwitz.
Case 6 (I.G. Farben Case), Nuremberg, Germany. Judge Curtis Grover Shake, presiding, calls upon Carl Lautenschlaeger (defendant) to plead. Judge Shake states in part that a petition put forth by the defendants for more time to prepare their answer to the indictment is denied. Brig. Gen. Telford Taylor at lectern, reading the indictment says that the prisoners are accused of leading the world into the most catastrophic war known to mankind, etc. What these men did, Gen. Taylor says, was not something that was done in a rage, but with definite deliberation to create a great engine of war. Pan from Gen. Taylor speaking to defendants. Pan of the courtroom showing spectators and personnel.
05:49:47 RG-60.2432, Aug 26, 1947, Continuation of Taylor indictment in IG Farben case, re. Auschwitz.
Case 6 (I.G. Farben Case), Nuremberg, Germany. Defendants in prisoners dock as voice of Brig. Gen. Telford Taylor is heard in the opening speech for the prosecution. MS, Gen. Taylor making his opening speech to the prosecution. Spectators at trial. MS, an unidentified civilian attorney for the prosecution speaking in English, reading part of the indictment which deals with the reason why these men are now being tried. Spectators in court; personnel rising for morning recess. HS, defendants chatting with their attorneys.

01:00:13 RG-60.0028, The Nazi Concentration Camps, Majdanek, Poland, 1944. Opening credit reads: "Das Blut der Opfer Schreit zum Himmel!" Pan of survivors standing behind barbed wire. CUs, survivors and their tattooed numbers. Various shots of the electrically charged barbed wire, of ruins, various signs, guard towers, and aerial views. Russian soldiers examine camp officials. Men dig up graves for evidence. Women stand by and weep as bodies are uncovered. CUs of decomposed bodies and pile of skulls. Officials of the camp are questioned. Gas chambers. CU of cans of chemicals used for the gas. INT, the camp and the disinfection chamber. More officials are interrogated by Russians. Survivors tell their stories with the help of female Russian interpreter..
01:06:59 RG-60.0029, The Nazi Concentration Camps, Majdanek, Poland, 1944. Camera pans over a pile of corpses outside gas chamber/crematoria. CUs, the cremation ovens. Family photographs of a victim are shown. More shots of ovens and remains. CUs of women weeping. Tall chimney and burial grounds. A vegetable garden amidst the shots of piles of bones. Men explore the inside of the barracks. Piles of shoes salvaged by the Nazis are inside. Shots of victims' belongings including: clothing, gloves, toys, eyeglasses, and scissors. The Russian commission continues questioning. CUs of passports that indicate prisoners from Poland, Holland, France, and other countries. CUs of survivors being interviewed.
01:11:48 RG-60.0027, The Nazi Concentration Camps, Auschwitz, Poland, 1945. Children standing in a group pull up their sleeves to show the numbers tattooed on their arms. Overhead shot of a procession of children evacuating the camp between the fences of barbed wire. They are being led out by nuns and nurses. Burnt debris on the ground, including the head of a man. Bodies remain in the ovens. CUs of cans of gas and other chemicals. Corpses lay on the ground, including one woman with a fetus beside her. Piles of false teeth, razors, eyeglasses, and clothing are laid out. Russian soldiers hold up some children's clothing. Piles of clothing, shoes, brushes, razor brushes, suitcases from various countries are piled together. Bodies lay in a deep trench. Women weep beside the grave. A band plays the funeral march. Choir boys follow the band. Many coffins are carried to a large grave as hundreds attend ceremony. Women weep as the mass grave is covered. Doctors examine some of the survivors: an emaciated young man, children with frostbitten feet, all evidence of brutality. Still photographs of formerly healthy children are integrated in contrast to the ill conditions developed in the camp.
01:18:36 RG-60.0026, The Nazi Concentration Camps, Auschwitz, Poland, 1945. People in the camp, walking towards the camera. It is winter and there is snow on the ground. Prisoners in coats and blankets walk past the camera. CUs of prisoners behind barb wire fence. The camp and barracks are covered with snow. CU of a woman laying on her stomach and spitting on the ground. Aerial shots of Auschwitz, destroyed and covered in snow. Map of Auschwitz shows plans for the crematorium. Camera pans over the barracks of the camp, there is no longer snow on the ground. Old women lay in rows of bunks. CU "Arbeit Macht Frei" gate. Long rows of barbed wire fencing. A sign reads "6000 volt Raum / Vorsicht / Lebensgefahr." The controls of the gas chamber. CUs of women in the bunks. CUs of albums of photographs (showing different nationalities). A groups of survivors stand behind wires. Many dead prisoners lay on the ground. A woman stands with a child amidst the bodies. The prisoners evacuate the camp. Many of them are helped and carried out. Horses and wagons carry the sick; children are led out by nuns and others.

01:00:18 RG-60.0363, Nov 20, 1945, Indictment. Reading of indictment at Nuremberg Trial. The following defendants are present: Hess, Streicher, Kaltenbrunner, von Ribbentrop. MS, MLS, defendants' bench, judges, courtroom audience listening. (poor image quality-scratches on film, underexposed footage.) Courtroom at rest (pre-trial). All stand, 60 seated. MS, defendants' bench. Hess stares stonily (at camera). Hess looks around room, smirks and smiles as MP picks up Hess' earphones for him to hear. Judges bench, presiding judge reads indictment. (poor image quality-underexposed), accusation of guilty is read. Presiding judge reads off a list of names of the accused, as follows: Funk, Streicher, Kaltenbrunner, Jodl, Bormann, von Ribbentrop, etc. Goering looking bored, distracted. Hess fidgets. MLS, seated group, lawyers and defendants. Cut to Hess and Goering, slow pan across defendants' bench, (uneven lighting in courtroom). MS, Judge's bench. LS from back of courtroom, Jackson reading.
01:02:36 RG-60.0364, Nov 20, 1945, "Not Guilty" please. MLS, Hermann Goering stands up and starts to read statement to the court. The voice of Justice Lawrence interrupts, saying that the defendants are not permitted to read statements but are to plead guilty or not guilty. MLS, Goering, Hess, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Keitel, Rosenberg, Julius Streicher, Walter Funk, Hjalmar Schacht, Franz Von Papen, Konstantin Neurath and Hans Fritzsche, one by one, plead not guilty. MLS, Goering again rises to make statement, but is warned by the court. Rear view, chief Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson starts opening address... "The privilege of opening the first trial in history for the crimes against the people of the world is a grave responsibility. The wrongs which we seek to condemn and punish have been so calculated, so malignant and so devastating that civilization cannot tolerate their being ignored because it cannot survive their being repeated..." (Excerpt of opening address)
01:06:17 RG-60.2423, Feb 28, 1946, Jackson speech on "criminality of organizations" and the "pyramid of power"
LHSs, MSs, US Chief Prosecutor Robert H. Jackson delivers a speech concerning the prosecution's case against certain organizations in the Nazi Government. Jackson says, "The work of these organizations was to incite a mob spirit in the German people." Jackson states that the SS, unmercifully and with malice, killed five million Jews. "These crimes with which we deal, are unprecedented; not only because of the large number of organizations which carried them out so methodically, but because of the large number of people who united their efforts to perpetrate them."
01:12:07 RG-60.0006, May 1946, close-ups of chief Nazi war criminals
CUs, Hermann Goering. Goering looks directly at camera, then away; blinking; speaks to man to his left (off camera) calmly; inattentively grins; smiles as if there was a joke. CUs, Hess. Stares at the camera, then downward; grim expression. Goering nervously tugging at scarf tied beneath collar of uniform. CU, Goering resting his chin on his hand. CU, Hess stroking his face with his hand. He is looking downward, pulls at his lip, rubs face, squashes cheek, picks at his cheek.CU, Wilhelm Keitel, stoic. CU, Hess listening on one earphone. CU, Keitel rubbing his eyes and nose; putting on earphones. CU, Rosenberg biting his nails. CU, Wilhelm Frick. CU, Admiral Erich Raeder. CU, Franz Von Papen dozing. CU, Joachim von Ribbentrop nervously playing with his tie; pulls his sunglasses over his eyes. CU, Fritz Sauckel. CU, Alfred Rosenberg stroking his hair, fidgeting, wiping eyes, rubbing face, head in hand. CU, Alfred Jodl, yawns and strokes his mouth. CU, Albert Speer. CU, Walther Funk. CU, Joachim Von Ribbentrop. CU, Keitel.
01:18:05 RG-60.2424, July 27, 1946, Chief British Prosecutor Shawcross final plea for conviction
MS, Chief British prosecutor Sir Hartley Shawcross making final plea for conviction (speech only partly recorded). HMS, showing left side of prisoners' dock. Goering, Jodl, and others speaking with their attorneys during recess. HMS, von Papen and Seyss-Inquart. HS, MLS, MS Shawcross making his final plea for conviction of the defendants. HMLS, Goering, von Ribbentrop, Keitel, Kaltenbrunner, Rosenberg, Doenitz, Sauckel in prisoner's dock as Shawcross is heard speaking. HMLS, Prosecutor Jackson, Dodd, and others seated at table; Shawcross in left FG is speaking. HMS, pan of defendants in dock during Shawcross's speech.
01:20:12 RG-60.2425, July 27, 1946, Shawcross closing arguments
HS Defendants in dock. HMS, Goering, von Ribbentrop, Doenitz in dock. Pan, von Ribbentrop, Keitel, Kaltenbrunner, Rosenberg; pan back to Goering. Pan, from prisoners' dock to Shawcross speaking. Note: Voice of Sir Hartley Shawcross is heard throughout reel summing up. HMS, Shawcross, Rudenko, and unidentified woman conversing at the end of the trial.
01:25:16 RG-60.2425, July 27, 1946, Jackson begins summation
MSs, Chief US Prosecutor Jackson making his summation (re-enacted). Jackson insists that although some of the defendants are more guilty than others, the magnitude of the crime committed is such that any differentiation between them is not justified. "The individual must transcend the state."

Compilation of Nazi propaganda films in the SSFVA collection shown during a presentation given by Raye Farr at the Representations of the 'Other' conference at West Chester University in Pennsylvania in March 2007.
Kaufmann nicht Haendler [Merchant, not Peddler], 1933/1936: Story #3294, Film ID #2504A. To 01:02:37
Juden, Laeuse, Wanzen [Jews, Lice, Bugs], 1941: Story #3295, Film ID #2504A. To 01:04:55
Kampf dem Fleckfieber [Fighting Typhus], 1942: Story #3297-3300, Film ID #2504A. To 01:06:32
Warsaw Ghetto, 1942: Film ID #2270. To 01:22:41

AV production shown at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Memorial Tribute to Jan Karski on January 16, 2001 including excerpts from the Museum's Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection of outtakes from the film "Shoah".
Clips from Film ID 3134 (RG-60.5006) include:
02:02:32-02:03:50
02:04:20-02:07:36
02:09:13-02:09:49
02:12:32-02:13:02
02:13:48-02:14:59
02:32:45-02:35:11
02:35:30-02:35:47

Compilation of newly preserved footage from the Claude Lanzmann Shoah Collection and other collections at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum shown during a presentation given by Raye Farr at the Cinematography of the Holocaust conference in Budapest, Hungary in March 2007. Clips include: Benjamin Murmelstein (12:37); Hermann Landau (5:53); Hansi Brand (24:06); Auschwitz (3:23); and Tom Veres (12:45).

Learn about over 1,000 camps and ghettos in Volume I and II of this encyclopedia, which are available as a free PDF download. This reference provides text, photographs, charts, maps, and extensive indexes.