"Sharp questioning of witnesses should be expected and is entirely appropriate. But rude, insulting, belittling, bullying and all too often highly personal attacks by members of Congress violated nearly every norm of civil behavior ... as though most members were in a permanent state of outrage or suffered from some sort of mental duress that warranted confinement or at least treatment for anger management ..."

On budget and program matters under President Obama

"I was more or less continuously outraged by the parochial self-interest of all but a very few members of Congress. Any defense facility or contract in their district or state, no matter how superfluous or wasteful, was sacrosanct."

Gates writes that he was frustrated by Congress' continuing failure to enact defense appropriations bills before the start of new fiscal years. It's nothing less than an "outrageous dereliction of duty," he says.

And he bemoaned the "weakening of the moderate center of both parties in Congress," as well as lack of comity he says has been exacerbated by three-day workweeks. The short weeks allow members to return often to their home districts but discourage socialization and friendships with Capitol Hill colleagues, he says.

Gates shares his thoughts on a handful of members of Congress, most of whom he characterizes as privately calm and thoughtful, but publicly something else entirely.

"When they went into an open hearing, and that little red light went on atop a television camera," he writes, "it had the effect of a full moon on a werewolf." Some, he said, without naming names, "became raving lunatics."

On Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid

The Nevada Democrat angered Gates in 2008, when debate was occurring over whether to extend the troop surge in Iraq, with comments the secretary of defense believe smacked of "defeatism."

"The worst of these comments came in mid-April from the Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid, who said in a press conference, 'This war is lost,' and 'The surge is not accomplishing anything.' I was furious and shared privately with some of my staff a quote from Abraham Lincoln I had written down long before. 'Congressmen who willfully take actions during wartime that damage morale and undermine the military are saboteurs and should be arrested, exiled or hanged.' "

On the late Democratic Sen. Robert Byrd of West Virginia, chairman of the Senate Appropriations Committee during a 2007 war funding hearing

"An ancient and frail Senator Robert Byrd was in the chair. The hearing, supposedly about the defense budget was basically one more opportunity for the Democrats to vent on Iraq. Byrd took it to a whole new level. Like an evangelical tent preacher, he played to the crowd, engaged them, and enraged them, virtually encouraging the protesters to heckle Pete [Joint Chiefs Chairman Gen. Peter Pace] and me.

"I came to believe that virtually all members of Congress carried what I called a 'wallet list'... so that if, by chance, they might run into me or talk with me on the phone, they had a handy list of local projects and programs to push forward. And some became pretty predictable."

Gates' list of predictable asks from members of Congress:

McConnell: Make sure a chemical weapons disposal plant in his state was fully funded.

Maine or Mississippi elected officials: shipyards

California: C-17 cargo planes

Kansas, Washington, Alabama: new Air Force tanker

Texas: "When were the brigades coming back from Europe and would they go to Fort Bliss?"

It was enough to make a secretary of defense want to quit — and, indeed, Gates says he often toyed with that possibility.

"All too frequently, sitting at that witness table, the exit lines were on the tip of my tongue: I may be the secretary of defense, but I am also an American citizen, and there is no son of a bitch in the world who can talk to me like that. I quit. Find somebody else."