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Observations and sea surface temperature (SST)-forced ECHAM5 simulations are examined to study the seasonal cycle of easternAfrica rainfall and its SST sensitivity during 1979–2012, focusing on interannual variability and trends. The eastern Horn ...

Continents are an amalgamation of crust and mantle lithosphere assembled over -4 Gyr and are therefore our best record of the early Earth. Exposures of rocks -3.0-3.7 Ga cover -20,000 km2 of eastern S. Africa and Swaziland, ...

Abstract We report new geochemical data for the volcanic and subvolcanic rocks associated with the evolution of the Francevillian basin of eastern Gabon during Paleoproterozoic times (c. 2.1–2 Ga). Filling of this basin has proceeded through four main sedimentary or volcano-sedimentary episodes, namely FA, FB, FC and FD. Volcanism started during the FB episode being present only in the northern part of the basin (Okondja sub-basin). This volcanism is ultramafic to trachytic in composition and displays a rather constant alkaline geochemical signature. This signature is typical of a within-plate environment, consistent with the rift-setting generally postulated for the Francevillian basin during the FB period. Following FB, the FC unit is 10–20 m-thick silicic horizon (jasper) attesting for a massive input of silica in the basin. Following FC, the FD unit is a c. 200–400 m-thick volcano-sedimentary sequence including felsic tuffs and epiclastic rocks. The geochemical signatures of these rocks are totally distinct from those of the FB alkaline lavas. High Th/Ta and La/Ta ratios attest for a calc-alkaline signature and slight fractionation between heavy rare-earth suggests melting at a rather low pressure. Such characteristics are comparable to those of felsic lavas associated with the Taupo zone of New Zealand, a modern ensialic back-arc basin. Following FD, the FE detrital unit is defined only in the Okondja region, probably associated with a late-stage collapse of the northern part of the basin. It is suggested that the alkaline to calc-alkaline volcanic transition reflects the evolution of the Francevillian basin from a diverging to a converging setting, in response to the onset of converging movements in the Eburnean Belt of Central Africa.

Modified Microgrid Concept for Rural Electrification in Africa Modified Microgrid Concept for Rural Electrification in Africa Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Modified Microgrid Concept for Rural Electrification in Africa Agency/Company /Organization: IEEE Sector: Energy Focus Area: Grid Assessment and Integration Topics: Co-benefits assessment, - Energy Access Resource Type: Technical report Website: ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1709540 UN Region: EasternAfrica, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa Language: English References: Modified Microgrid Concept for Rural Electrification in Africa[1] "With the population of 13.4% of the world and a land area of 15%, Africa has only 2% of the world's industrial capacity. Its per capita income is only 15% of the world average and only consumes 3% of world energy. Many

Sample records for region1 eastern africa from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Southern Africa Southern Africa Jump to: navigation, search Name Carbon Capture and Storage in Southern Africa: An assessment of the rationale, possibilities and capacity needs to enable CO2 capture and storage in Botswana, Mozambique and Namibia Agency/Company /Organization Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands Topics Background analysis, Technology characterizations Resource Type Publications Website http://www.ecn.nl/docs/library Country Mozambique, Namibia, Botswana EasternAfrica, Southern Africa, Southern Africa References CCS in Southern Africa[1] Abstract "In April 2010, a series of workshops on CO2 capture and storage were held in Botswana, Mozambique and Namibia, attended by a total of about 100 participants. The objectives of the workshops were to provide a thorough

In our previous study we reported on the bioflocculant production by a Bacillus species isolated from sediment samples of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. In the current study we carried ou...

Status of Power Sector Reform in Africa: Impact on the Poor Status of Power Sector Reform in Africa: Impact on the Poor Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Status of Power Sector Reform in Africa: Impact on the Poor Agency/Company /Organization: Stephen Karekezi and John Kimani Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency, People and Policy Phase: Create a Vision Topics: Co-benefits assessment, - Energy Access Resource Type: Publications User Interface: Website Website: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421502000484 Cost: Free UN Region: EasternAfrica, Southern Africa Language: English This article is based on a regional study by the authors reviewing the status, challenges and prospects of ongoing and planned power sector reform in eastern and southern Africa with special emphasis on the implications

Political instability and corruption is the rule, rather than the exception, in Africa`s main producing regions, but exploration and production prospects there are bright and attractive to foreign operators. The paper discusses exploration, drilling, resource development, and production in Nigeria, Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Angola, Congo, Gabon, and Tunisia. The other countries of Africa are briefly mentioned, i.e., Cameroon, Cote D`Ivoire, South Africa, Sudan, Namibia, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Zaire, Mozambique, Ghana, Niger, and Seychelles.

elephant populations in easternAfrica are in Tanzania (80% of regional population), Kenya (12% of regional in Kenya, Africa Ashley Coe Ashley Coe (Corresponding author) Montana State University Bozeman, MT Email) to determine what land use cover types support larger densities of elephants as a very general indicate

Africa-1000 is a program to provide safe water to thousands of villages in Africa. It is a formidable effort and needs the support of the international scientific community. Science and technology is the only hope for a solution of the African crisis. There are vast areas in the Sub-Saharan Africa that have water under the ground but due to lack of electric power, the water cannot be pumped. Thus the land is dry and barren and people are starving. The African continent has abundant renewable energy in the form of solar and wind energy. The technologies are well developed and available in the developed countries. Therefore, the solution is as follows: dig and drill wells and boreholes to reach underground water; install standardized solar or wind driven pumps to bring water to the surface; train village technicians to operate, maintain and repair these energy systems; and replicate these installations in thousands of villages, thus establishing standard water and energy systems across Africa.

ROYAL SOCIETY OF SOUTH AFRICA http://www.royalsocietysa.org.za ACADEMY OF SCIENCE OF SOUTH AFRICA and distribution of butterflies in the atlas region (South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland), thereby providing-ordinator of Africa's first butterfly atlas, entitled `The metamorphosis of the butterfly atlas' The Southern African

1 NRF Republic of South Africa GDRI Project Groupement de Recherche International International Africa called SACCLAP (Seasonal and Annual trends of Air quality at the South Africa scale and its impact Research Consortium Atmospheric Research in Southern Africa and Indian Ocean (ARSAIO) September 2008 #12

This paper describes the development of activities in Switzerland, Africa and India to promote the use of solar cookers. The most successful programs are said to be in Senegal in Western Africa, and Kenya and Sudan in EasternAfrica. These activities include information dissemination and sales of ready-made products. Although some projects are for individual homes, some have been developed for hospitals, prisons, schools, boarding houses, etc. These larger units are usually systems using parabolic reflectors and fireplaces or propane as a source of fuel when there is no sunshine.

Sample records for region1 eastern africa from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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This study was specifically designed to investigate the frequency response of the Eastern Interconnection that results from large loss-of-generation events of the type targeted by the North American Electric Reliability Corp. Standard BAL-003 Frequency Response and Frequency Bias Setting (NERC 2012a), under possible future system conditions with high levels of wind generation.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the library and information systems of four Eastern European countries. In a survey described in the chapter, four libraries in Eastern Europe returned the questionnaires on the role of national libraries in national and international information systems: (1) Bulgaria, (2) the Czech Socialist Republic, (3) Hungary, and (4) Poland. The USSR was regularly present at the meetings of the Conference and made contributions to the discussions but did not return replies to the questionnaires. As in the case of the British Library, answers were given to the questions from personal experience. A study of the Soviet Library system appeared in 1972 under the title Libraries, Documentation and Bibliography in the USSR, which, despite its inadequacies, is the only survey in English of the Russian library and information system as a whole. The influence of the Lenin Library as a library planning center is very strong throughout Eastern Europe, while the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance has strongly influenced the structure and services in the field of scientific and technical information.

Michigan State University Cooperation with South Africa: Forty Years of Partnerships African President of South Africa 1994-1999 #12;ii Michigan State University Cooperation with South Africa Table of Contents Introduction: Michigan and MSU Engagement in Africa and South Africa The Beginnings

It is reported that Agtec together with South Africa's Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, is investigating the possibility of large-scale production of guayule. The rubber-yielding shrub grows in semi-arid climates and may be the source of a $35-million natural rubber industry in South Africa.

Five stage-length maps (Valanginian, Aptian, Cenomanian, Coniacian, and Maestrichtian) of Africa integrate topography/bathymetry, lithofacies, tectonics, and climatically sensitive sediments. These reconstructions differ from currently available maps in their level of detail and accuracy, and in that computer routines were developed to plot all aspects of the maps, including lithofacies patterns. Bathymetric contours were determined from community paleoecology and from thermal subsidence models of the newly opening Atlantic and Indian oceans. Topographic contours have been estimated from uplift models of rift shoulders, as well as from the erosion and sedimentation record of both the internal and marginal basins. The uplift of rift shoulders from Nigeria to Sudan is suggested by the extensive Nubian and equivalent sandstones across north Africa. This Benue-Ngaoundere-Abu Gabra rift system approximately paralleled the paleoequator, and its shoulders must have experienced the high rainfall normally associated with the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). In fact, these mountains would have served as a high level heat source, and would have pinned the ITCZ to their summits. Such a system tends to reduce seasonal excursions of the ITCZ, and may have influenced the high biological productivity represented by the oil source rocks of the Arabian peninsula. These sources also lie on the equator and could have resulted from a shelf incursion of the equatorial divergence zone, which is controlled by the ITCZ.

Work Plan for FY 2014 Work Plan for FY 2014 Eastern Audits Division ï‚§ Follow-up of the Reindustrialization Program at East Tennessee Technology Park ï‚§ Audit of the Department's Management of High-Risk Property ï‚§ Audit of the Department's Efforts to Reduce Mercury Contamination at the Y-12 National Security Complex ï‚§ Non-conforming Equipment and Parts at the Savannah River Site ï‚§ Audit of the Department's Facility Contractors' Use of No Bid Subcontracts ï‚§ Decontamination and Decommissioning Activities at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory ï‚§ The Department's Audit Resolution and Follow-up Process ï‚§ Legacy Management Activities at Selected Sites ï‚§ Department's Contract Awards Made to Alaska Native Corporation ï‚§ Readiness of the Saltstone Disposal Facility at the Savannah River Site

Bringing modern energy services to South Africa`s deprived majority doesn`t have to mean simply expanding the now obsolete coal-based system built for the nation`s white minority. A partheid still haunts South Africa`s energy economy. The country`s fledgling democracy has inherited two energy systems, as different from each other as California`s is from that of Bangladesh-but less efficient and more polluting than either of those. For the country`s white minority, cheap electricity is available at the flip of a switch. But even though South Africa has 30 percent more generating capacity than it uses, two-thirds of its black citizens have no electricity at all. Dealing with this legacy is essential for the survival of the two-year-old government. Mandela has made ambitious promises to transform the nation`s energy system-providing such basic amenities as lighting and heating to millions of blacks, while reducing pollution. However, conventional development will never reach those goals - the country`s energy system has huge fundamental inefficiencies. To keep its promises, the government will need an array of cutting-edge technologies, including lowcost super-efficient housing, solar electric systems, gas fired cogeneration. South Africa is well positioned with huge solar and wind energy potential, a well capitalized industrial base and millions of aid dollars. This article examines the emerging energy needs/demands of South Africa in light of these factors.

South Atlantic margins of Africa. page 1 South Atlantic continental margins of Africa: a comparison The South Atlantic continental passive margins of Africa comprise the major depocentres on the African plate of the tectonic vs climate interplay on the evolution of equatorial west Africa and SW Africa margins Michel

A Awardee: Eastern Interconnection Planning A Awardee: Eastern Interconnection Planning Collaborative Topic A Awardee: Eastern Interconnection Planning Collaborative Eastern Interconnection Planning Collaborative The Eastern Interconnection Planning Collaborative (EIPC) was initiated by a coalition of regional Planning Authorities. These Planning Authorities are entities listed on the NERC compliance registry as Planning Authorities and represent the entire Eastern Interconnection. The EIPC was founded to be a broad-based, transparent collaborative process among all interested stakeholders: State and Federal policy makers Consumer and environmental interests Transmission Planning Authorities Market participants generating, transmitting or consuming electricity within the Eastern Interconnection. The EIPC will provide a grass-roots approach which builds upon the regional

South Africa is using or is investigating the potential of forest biomass sugar-cane, maize, grain sorghum, cannery...6...GJ per annum. These materials can also be utilized for the production of chemicals and foo...

The Eastern Interconnection States’ Planning Council (EISPC) has released the Energy Zones (EZ) Mapping Tool, a free, web-based interactive tool that will help states and other stakeholders in the Eastern Interconnection identify geographic areas suitable for the development of clean energy resources (natural gas, sequestration or utilitization locations for C02 from coal, nuclear, and renewable) which can potentially provide significant amounts of new electric power generation.

Middle Eastern Power systems have evolved independently of each other over many decades. The region covers a wide geographical area of over 4 million square kilometers with an estimated population in 1990 of over 120 million people. This paper discusses the present status and future power system developments in the Middle East with emphasis on the Mashrequ Arab Countries (MAC). MAC consists of Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Yemen, and the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, namely, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Interconnections within MAC and possible extensions to Turkey, Europe, and Central Africa are discussed. A common characteristic of the MAC power systems is that they are all operated by government or semi-government bodies. The energy resources in the region are varied. Countries such as Iraq, Egypt, and Syria have significant hydro power resources. On the other hand, the GCC countries and Iraq have abundant fossil fuel reserves.

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Towoomba, South Africa, 1949-1990 Towoomba, South Africa, 1949-1990 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: General view of study site at Towoomba (click on the photo to view a larger image from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Scholes, R. J. 1998. NPP Grassland: Towoomba, South Africa, 1949-1990. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of an artificially-established grass savanna was monitored at the Towoomba study site, under a long-term experiment to test the long-term effect of fertilizer application. Peak above-ground biomass was monitored for each treatment, from 1950 to the present. The Towoomba agricultural research station (24.90 S 28.35 E) is situated

Nylsvley, South Africa, 1974-1989 Nylsvley, South Africa, 1974-1989 [PHOTOGRAPH] Photograph: Fine-leaved savanna at Nylsvley (click on the photo to view a series of images from this site). Data Citation Cite this data set as follows: Scholes, R. J. 1997. NPP Grassland: Nylsvley, South Africa, 1974-1989. Data set. Available on-line [http://www.daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. Description Productivity of a broad-leaved savanna, which includes a substantial grass component (i.e. 60-70% of cover), was monitored from 1974 to the present at the Nylsvley study site, under the South African Savanna Biome Programme. The Nylsvley study site (24.65 S 28.70 E) is situated 200 km north of Johannesburg, near the town of Nylstroom. The 800 hectare savanna research

Increased cooperation in environment, markets, and investment between Western European and Eastern European chemical industries will lead to sustainable economic development in Eastern Europe, according to speakers at a conference sponsored by the United ...

22 July 2014 Cape Town, South Africa 20 years of democracy in SA, 25 years since the fall Social Sciences Building, Upper Campus The Delegation of the European Union to South Africa, as part of its EU Inspiring Thinkers Series, along with the German Embassy in South Africa and the University

SCIENCE RESEARCH POLICY IN SOUTH AFRICA George F R Ellis A DISCUSSION DOCUMENT for the Royal Society of South Africa February 14, 2001 #12;i Preface This science policy discussion document has been written by Prof G F R Ellis (University of Cape Town) on behalf of the Royal Society of South Africa

Abstract Solar sorption refrigeration technologies are regarded as a promising way to meet the growing refrigeration needs in Africa, for thermal comfort, foods and crops, vaccines and medicines conservation. Sorption technologies projects and studies have been reported in Africa since the late 1970s. This paper describes the most representative reported research activities and projects in various African climatic conditions. An emphasis is put on demonstrative plants involving absorption, adsorption or desiccant cooling applications. From this overview, it appears that a lot of achievements have been made, though applications are mainly focused on small-size cold boxes for foods and vaccines preservation; no direct building air conditioning based on adsorption or absorption has been reported. Mediterranean countries seems to offer the best weather conditions for solar sorption refrigeration applications and plenty of related activities could be identified in these countries. A more adequate design for each of other climatic zones in Africa may then be relevant. As anywhere, the high cost of these technologies remains the main the biggest brake to their diffusion in Africa.

Tree Biomass Estimates on Forest Land in California's North Coast Region1 Tian-Ting Shih2 Tree biomass is one essential component in a forest ecosystem and is getting more attention nowadays due to its sequestration, energy production, and other natural and social resources uses and impacts. A biomass estimator

opportunities'. Even if Africa is to gain from the current commodity price boom, the report cautions against production. The report also provides the historical beginnings of trade liberalization in Africa, the reasons

Today, the U.S. Government is formally launching an innovative framework under President Obama’s Power Africa initiative to increase energy access for underserved populations across sub-Saharan Africa.

GROWTH OF SOUTH AFRICAN FISHERIES -SQUTH-: WEST .-' AFRICA' ~-' ,, I I , I :--. .,' UN I .............................................. Regrouping of Interests Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â·Â· Fisheries Development Corporation of South Africa, Ltd and the trawling interests, respectively. The quasi-official Fisheries Develop- ment Corporation of South Africa

IOL: Africa's big plans for biofuel Africa's big plans for biofuel By Clare Byrne Visitors to Madagascar, Senegal to South Africa, biofuels is the buzzword as African countries wake up to the possibility of using their vast spaces to grow crops that reduce their fossil fuel bill. Biofuels also carry

SPRING 2012 STUDY ABROAD in CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA Want to find out studying the multiple concerns facing South Africa as it strives to become one. Take three academically engaging courses: The History & Politics of South Africa

Location and Institution SOUTH AFRICA - PRETORIA FORDHAM UNIVERSITY - UBUNTU demographics, and South Africa. Students will also take a required module in Sociology holders need a student visa to enter and study in South Africa, which must

Sample records for region1 eastern africa from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Embassy of France in South Africa PhD and Research Grants 2012 - 2013 The French Embassy bursary in South Africa - Supporting letter from supervisor in France To request application forms or any for South African researchers towards French institutions of higher education. The programme offers

The Rothschild South Africa Foundation Scholarships The Rothschild Group has been at the centre, Rebekah Naidoo, Mandisa Mabunda, Londiwe Mahlambi Rothschild (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd is an Authorised FSP should Be a South African citizen Be a third year Commerce student, intending to study an honours or PGD

of colonies, such indigenous population density and ease of settlement for the coloniz- ers. Finally, I studyExtractive Institutions in Colonial Africa Thesis by Federico Tadei In Partial Fulfillment on prices to agricultural producers and labor institutions in French Africa, I show that (1

...australopithecine 2 500 kilometres west of the Rift Valley (Chad). Nature 378, 273-274...Australopithecus boisei specimens from East and West Lake Turkana, Kenya. Am. J...cranium KNM-WT 40000 from Lomekwi, west of Lake Turkana, has been assigned...

Why is Eastern Redcedar a Hazardous Fuel? Why is Eastern Redcedar a Hazardous Fuel? Homes built the destruction of fire-tolerant trees if a wildfire moves through the area. Creating fuel breaks (such ignite it. Â· When ERC grows in forests and wood- lands, it acts as a ladder fuel to allow fire to climb

Petroleum interest in Africa is fairly recent: the first exploration in 1947, Hassi Messaoud (Algeria) in 1957, and more serious interest on the part of French companies in the early 1960s. Two major French companies active in Africa are Elf Aquitaine and CIE Francaise des Petroles (CFP). Elf Aquitaine intends to maintain its effort in Gabon with 9 exploratory wells in 1980 and investments of 50 billion francs, and intends to lessen the production decline in the Congo, particularly after the discovery of the Emeraude offshore field. The difficulties here are the shallow depth forcing high angle directional drilling, high viscosity oil, and a very complex reservoir. Investments in the Congo include 45 billion francs including a terminal and an electric plant. CFP is active mainly in Tunisia, Sudan, and Egypt. In Tunisia, 6 fields are of interest, with investments in the order of 110 million francs. More recently, the effort in Egypt has seen further exploration and production from a well, with the investment of 80 million francs in 1980, probably doubling in 1981.

United Nations Climate Change Conference Durban, South Africa 2011 COP17/CMP7 #12; The Conferences presents a unique opportunity for South Africa to promote and publicly initiate the transition to a green, President of South Africa Maite Nkoana-Mashabane, Minister of Foreign Affairs of South Africa President

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Healthy Active Kids South Africa Report Card 2010 Report card on the physical activity, nutrition Africa References #12;1 South Africa faces many current and future challenges, not least is the growing), and account for over half of adult deaths worldwide. South Africa is home to nearly 16 million children

You are invited to the 8th Annual Africa Institute of South Africa's (AISA) Young Graduates, Botswana, Belgium, Kenya, and South Africa. The participants are from multidisciplinary backgrounds. Key Institute of South Africa's (AISA) Young Graduates and Scholars Conference (AYGS) University of Johannesburg

In this study, an updated and extended climatology of cyclonic tracks affecting the eastern Mediterranean region is presented, in order to better understand the Mediterranean climate and its changes. This climatology includes intermonthly ...

This paper describes renewable energy programs implemented in South Africa as part of a collaborative program for rural development. Different facets of this program include: Renewable Energy for South Africa (REFSA); hybrid collaborative R&D; electricity sector restructuring; provincial level initiation of renewable energy applications; renewable energy for African development (REFAD); and Suncorp photovoltaic manufacturing company. Limited detailed information is provided on the activities of each of these different program facets over the past year in particular.

Access to health care is a particular concern given the important role of poor access in perpetuating poverty and inequality. South Africa’s apartheid history leaves large racial disparities in access despite ...

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HealtH researcH in soutH africa the africa centre for Health and Population studies investigating the health problems that affect south africa, africa and the rest of the world UKZN (Durban) Â· Â· Agincourt Centre Â· Wellcome Trust-funded research in South Africa SOUTH AFRICA #12;Wellcome Trust | Health research

In Africa, groundwater is the major source of drinking water and its use for irrigation is forecast to increase substantially to combat growing food insecurity. Despite this, there is little quantitative information on groundwater resources in Africa, and groundwater storage is consequently omitted from assessments of freshwater availability. Here we present the first quantitative continent-wide maps of aquifer storage and potential borehole yields in Africa based on an extensive review of available maps, publications and data. We estimate total groundwater storage in Africa to be 0.66 million km3 (0.36–1.75 million km3). Not all of this groundwater storage is available for abstraction, but the estimated volume is more than 100 times estimates of annual renewable freshwater resources on Africa. Groundwater resources are unevenly distributed: the largest groundwater volumes are found in the large sedimentary aquifers in the North African countries Libya, Algeria, Egypt and Sudan. Nevertheless, for many African countries appropriately sited and constructed boreholes can support handpump abstraction (yields of 0.1–0.3 l s?1), and contain sufficient storage to sustain abstraction through inter-annual variations in recharge. The maps show further that the potential for higher yielding boreholes ( > 5 l s?1) is much more limited. Therefore, strategies for increasing irrigation or supplying water to rapidly urbanizing cities that are predicated on the widespread drilling of high yielding boreholes are likely to be unsuccessful. As groundwater is the largest and most widely distributed store of freshwater in Africa, the quantitative maps are intended to lead to more realistic assessments of water security and water stress, and to promote a more quantitative approach to mapping of groundwater resources at national and regional level.

Abstract The near future change in productivity of photovoltaic energy (PVE) in Europe and Africa is assessed by using the climate variables simulated by the ECHAM5-HAM aerosol-climate model, and a model for the performance of photovoltaic systems. The climate simulations are forced by green-house gases emissions from the IPCC SRES B2 scenario. In addition, different scenarios for future anthropogenic aerosols emissions are applied. Thus, the sensitivity of the future PVE productivity to changes in aerosol atmospheric burdens between 2000 and 2030 is analyzed. The analysis indicates that reductions in aerosols emissions in the near future result in an increase of global warming, and a significant response in surface solar radiation and associated PVE productivity. A statistically significant reduction in PVE productivity up to 7% is observed in eastern Europe and northern Africa, while a significant increase up to 10% is observed in western Europe and eastern Mediterranean. The changes in surface solar radiation and PVE productivity are related to global effects of aerosols reduction on the large scale circulation and associated cloud cover pattern, rather than to local effects on the atmospheric optical properties. PVE assessment is then discussed in the frame of the present situation and next decades evolution of the photovoltaic market, highlighting that the effects on productivity induced by industrial and public policies, and technological development are comparable to climate related effects. The presented results encourage the improvement and further use of climate models in assessment of future renewable energies availability.

... They include the problems of whether the reactivation of granitic basement is due to a thermal high in crust of no more than normal thickness, or to thickening of crust ... are denoted as follows: , South and South-west Africa; Central Africa; *, Sudan; , West Africa; O, South America. The apparent polar wander path is that ...

...largest source after energy, and most of this...From 2000 to 2005, Africa showed the highest...stations, powered by solar panels and equipped...columnar content over Africa from the existing...carbon dioxide and energy exchange in shrub...Burkina Faso (West Africa)J. Geophys. Res...

Ganoderma in South Africa Article prepared by Dr Martin Coetzee Ganoderma is a genus of wood-wide. In South Africa, a number of Ganoderma species have been reported from various indigenous and introduced linked with this disease in South Africa are G. lucidum and G. applinatum. It is known, however

An early date for cattle from Namaqualand, South Africa: implications for the origins of herding did cattle come to South Africa? Radiocarbon dates on a newly found cow horn indicates a time, the authors favour immigrants moving along a western route through Namibia. Keywords: South Africa

Teachers Study in South Africa and Lesotho A Curriculum Development Project Integrating Visual Arts about the cultures and history of the Basotho people of southern Africa Participate in seminars-Hays award, graduate credit and/or CEUs Visit non-malarial and low risk areas in southern Africa and enjoy

Introduction The Waterberg Group of South Africa, together with the Soutpansberg Group, Palapye Paleomagnetism of the lower two unconformity-bounded sequences of the Waterberg Group, South Africa: Towards, South Africa e-mail: glgy5@na.rau.ac.za D.A.D. Evans Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale

VT Exchange Program in South Africa University of the Free State Jim McKenna jamckenn@vt.edu http://www.ufs.ac.za/ #12;Republic of South Africa South African Provinces Fly into Bloemfontein in the Free State #12;Kruger National Park #12;Travels in South Africa Cape Town & Stellenbosch #12;

This poster presents an overview of the Eastern Renewable Generation Integration Study, which aims to answer critical questions about the future of the Eastern Interconnection under high levels of solar and wind generation penetration.

Energy must be seen in interaction with transportation and industry in order for its role in South-Central Africa to be fully understood. All three—energy, industry, and transportation—are themselves always socialized and ...

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1 1 NEWS RELEASE FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE May 23, 2011 Contact: David Whiteley d.a.whiteley@att.net 314-753-6200 Eastern Interconnection Grid Planning Authorities to Study Set of Stakeholder-Identified Electric System Futures The Eastern Interconnection Planning Collaborative (EIPC) today announced that its diverse array of stakeholders has reached consensus on the final set of "resource expansion futures" to be studied as part of the electric system transmission planning effort funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). "We have taken a major step forward with the stakeholder-defined specifications for the resource futures to be considered in the macroeconomic analysis in Phase I of the Project. The stakeholders are to be congratulated for their hard work in achieving a

Abstract The electricity deficit is one of the most serious contemporary issues facing sub-Saharan Africa. Many countries in the region have insufficient generation capacity to meet rapidly rising demand. Electricity shortages have become a binding and powerful constraint on the continent?s sustainable development. Their resolution will require coordinated effort to improve the effectiveness and governance of the region?s utilities and to significantly scale-up generation capacity. A broad portfolio of low carbon (low-C) technologies needs to be deployed in order to address the electricity deficit in a cost-effective way and not be disruptive to economic growth. Since nuclear power can deliver low-C electricity in bulk, reliably and without intermittency, it could make a significant contribution towards resolving Africa?s power crisis. However, the post-Fukushima safety concerns related to large nuclear plants with substantial radioactive inventories will be especially pronounced in Africa. Moreover, large scale reactors with huge upfront investment requirements are likely to be unsuitable for capital-constrained African countries with small electricity grids. One promising direction for nuclear development in Africa might be to downsize reactors from the gigawatt scale to less-complex smaller units (with substantially smaller radioactive inventory) that are more affordable.

On June 10, 2010, the Department of Energy published in the Federal Register a Request for Proposals (RFP) for New or Upgraded Transmission Line Projects Under Section 1222 of the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005. In response, Clean Line Energy Partners, LLC submitted an application for its Plains & Eastern Clean Line project. DOE has concluded that Clean Line’s proposal was responsive to the RFP, and it is currently under consideration.

The Economic Impact of The Coca-Cola System on South Africa Prepared by Division of Research March 2005 SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH AFRICA #12;The Economic Impact of The Coca-Cola System on South Africa-Cola system's economic impact on South Africa. Conducted during 2003-04, the study represents a wide

Africa Supported by the Department of Trade and Industry of South Africa (the dti), the French Development Agency (AFD), and the French Embassy in South Africa, with the French Institute of South Africa Development Economics APORDE) will be held in Johannesburg (South Africa) from the 5th to the 19th of May 2011

Mobile Climate Monitoring Facility to Sample Skies in Africa Mobile Climate Monitoring Facility to Sample Skies in Africa Mobile Climate Monitoring Facility to Sample Skies in Africa January 18, 2006 - 10:47am Addthis WASHINGTON, D.C. -- The U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program is placing a new, portable atmospheric laboratory with sophisticated instruments and data systems in Niger, Africa, to gain a better understanding of the potential impacts of Saharan dust on global climate. Dust from Africa's Sahara desert-the largest source of dust on the planet-reaches halfway around the globe. Carried by winds and clouds, the dust travels through West African, Mediterranean, and European skies, and across the Atlantic into North America. Unfortunately, Africa is one of the most under-sampled climate regimes in the world, leaving scientists to

Risks and Opportunities for the Economy Risks and Opportunities for the Economy Jump to: navigation, search Name South Africa - Climate Change Risks and Opportunities for the Economy Agency/Company /Organization Camco Sector Energy, Climate Focus Area Energy Efficiency, Economic Development Topics Co-benefits assessment, Background analysis Resource Type Publications Website http://www.climateriskandoppor Country South Africa UN Region Southern Africa References South Africa - Climate Change[1] South Africa - Climate Change Risks and Opportunities for the Economy Screenshot "The analysis contained in this report is focused on providing a framework and overview for evaluating the economic implications of climate change for South Africa. A further objective of the report is to act as a precursor

Abstract Africa’s long-term economic growth and competitiveness fundamentally depend on reliable access to energy services; yet, the population of Sub-Saharan Africa lags far behind the rest of the world in terms of access to electricity. Recent technological advancements as well as significant drops in associated costs present the African continent with a momentous opportunity to leapfrog to modern renewable energy. Although there is general recognition among African governments that renewable power provides huge opportunities given the continent’s enormous resources, the lack of coherent, consistent policies, technical skills, institutional capacity, infrastructure and financial incentives remains a major barrier for wide-spread adoption. In this chapter we review i. the significant role of renewables in mitigating Africa’s key energy challenges; and ii. the importance of coordinated efforts from all angles in guiding Africa towards a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.

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Renewable energy usage in Africa has been reviewed using South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria and Mali as case studies. The various national energy policies of these countries were analysed and areas that require attention to achieve sustainability were highlighted. On the overall, the success of sustainable development in Africa lies in addressing the imminent energy crisis in the continent. Excessive usage of fuel wood is already creating considerable environmental problems especially in the Sahel. Africa has all the potentials to solve its energy problems if appropriate infrastructural support can be provided for harnessing the abundant renewable resources in the continent, and if skills are pooled together and experiences shared in addressing the key issues.

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milestone in terms of ensuring sustainable plantation forestry in South Africa was safe to release in South Africa as a biological control agent. The release strategy for C. noackae in South Africa must still be finalized. But

Azania XLII 2007 East Africa, the Comoros Islands and Madagascar before the sixteenth century interior and on outlying islands (Comoros, Madagascar) or were composed of lower classes in urban expansion and private enterprise. #12;16 East Africa, the Comoros Islands and Madagascar before

. First, because of the low population densities of French Africa and the high cost of labor rela- tive (2013) tests this hypothesis in the African context showing that lower population density is correlatedExtractive Institutions and Gains From Trade: Evidence from Colonial Africa Federico Tadei A common

Interannual variability of photosynthesis across Africa and its attribution Christopher A. Williams of photosynthesis across the African continent during the period 1982ï¿½2003. Acute soil water stress emerges as the primary factor driving interannual variability of photosynthesis for most of Africa. Southern savannas

The Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) is evaluating the gasification characteristics of Eastern oil shales as a part of a cooperative agreement between the US Department of Energy and HYCRUDE Corporation to expand the data base on moving-bed hydroretorting of Eastern oil shales. Gasification of shale fines will improve the overall resource utilization by producing synthesis gas or hydrogen needed for the hydroretorting of oil shale and the upgrading of shale oil. Gasification characteristics of an Indiana New Albany oil shale have been determined over temperature and pressure ranges of 1600 to 1900/sup 0/F and 15 to 500 psig, respectively. Carbon conversion of over 95% was achieved within 30 minutes at gasification conditions of 1800/sup 0/F and 15 psig in a hydrogen/steam gas mixture for the Indiana New Albany oil shale. This paper presents the results of the tests conducted in a laboratory-scale batch reactor to obtain reaction rate data and in a continuous mini-bench-scale unit to obtain product yield data. 2 refs., 7 figs., 4 tabs.

impli- cations, informing agricultural development, environmental conservation, and water resourceA westward extension of the warm pool leads to a westward extension of the Walker circulation than the central tropical Pacific, extending the tropical warm pool to the west by *40Â° longitude ([4

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South Africa Sectoral Study on Climate and Refrigeration Technology in South Africa Sectoral Study on Climate and Refrigeration Technology in Developing Countries and the Development of Methods and Instruments for Identifying Reduction Potential and Implementing NAMAs Jump to: navigation, search Name South Africa-Sectoral Study on Climate and Refrigeration Technology in Developing Countries and the Development of Methods and Instruments for Identifying Reduction Potential and Implementing NAMAs Agency/Company /Organization Deutsche Gesellschaft fÃ¼r Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH Sector Climate Focus Area Renewable Energy, Greenhouse Gas Topics Low emission development planning, -LEDS, -NAMA, Market analysis Website http://www.giz.de/en/ Program Start 2010 Program End 2012 Country South Africa Southern Africa

ORIGINAL PAPER Neoproterozoic diamictite in the Eastern Desert of Egypt and Northern Saudi Arabia in Wadi Kareim and Wadi Mobarak in the Eastern Desert of Egypt and the Nuwaybah formation in NW Saudi and extends from Egypt, Israel, and Jordan to Ethiopia and Yemen. The ANS (Fig. 1a) developed during

Eastern Interconnection States' Eastern Interconnection States' Planning Council Topic B Awardee: Eastern Interconnection States' Planning Council The Eastern Interconnection States' Planning Council (EISPC) is an historic endeavor initially funded by an award from the United States Department of Energy (DOE) pursuant to a provision of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). The goal is to create an unprecedented collaborative among the states in the Eastern Interconnection. Comprised of public utility commissions, Governors' offices, energy offices, and other key government representatives, this collaboration will foster and produce consistent and coordinated direction to the regional and interconnection-level analyses and planning. Significant state input and direction increases the probability that the outputs will be useful to the

Abstract This article is devoted to the problem of the reaction to the Eastern Partnership by Russia's both the political establishment and the expert community. The question of reactions to the Eastern Partnership in the target countries has been extensively posed in academic literature. However, the question of Russia's reaction to the Eastern Partnership, one of the most important actors of the region, has been rarely raised by the academic community. A wide array of factors impacted Russian elites' perception of the Eastern Partnership – from problematic issues in the EU-Russia relations to the post-Soviet states' political and economic transformation. Studying the dynamics and peculiarities of Russia's perspective on the Eastern Partnership makes it possible to draw meaningful conclusions on the nature of Russia's phobias that fuel its domestic and foreign policy.

Eastern Energy Zones Mapping Tool Now Available Eastern Energy Zones Mapping Tool Now Available Eastern Energy Zones Mapping Tool Now Available May 3, 2013 - 12:08pm Addthis The Eastern Interconnection States' Planning Council (EISPC) has released the Energy Zones (EZ) Mapping Tool, a free, web-based interactive tool that will help states and other stakeholders in the Eastern Interconnection identify geographic areas suitable for the development of clean energy resources (natural gas, sequestration or utilitization locations for C02 from coal, nuclear, and renewable) which can potentially provide significant amounts of new electric power generation. The EZ Mapping Tool is now available online. EISPC is encouraging states to learn more by participating in demonstration webinars and training sessions on how to apply the tool to their needs and particular areas of interest.

The Massachusetts Military Reservation (MMR) on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, lies within the boundaries of the towns of Falmouth, Mashpee, Sandwich, and Bourne. The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) Transmitter Station, designed Area of Contamination (AOC) CS-1 (USCG) is located adjacent to the eastern boundary of the MMR. The NGB, acting as executive agent of the USCG, and USEPA, with concurrence of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, have determined that No Action is necessary to address the contamination at AOC CS-1 (USCG). However, groundwater monitoring will be performed at well WW-7 for a period of five years to provide information over time on the levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detected in this well, and on the sporadic detection of inorganics in groundwater at this AOC.

Although there has been a decrease in oil prices, activity along coastal West Africa has tended to increase, with emphasis on field development and production. Because of a world-wide surplus of petroleum, Nigeria has had to cut production by more than half and offshore operations have been affected also. Off the coast of Gabon exploration activity has increased with numerous wildcat rigs which are potentially highly productive. Overall production in Gabon has decreased slightly since 1980. The People's Republic of the Congo, on the other hand, has increased productivity due to new successful fields, while in the Angola/Cabinda area new offshore programs are forming. Production and exploration increases are also expected for Ghana, Zaire, Cameroon, and South Africa. (JBF)

It is known that in areas with significant shale content, the isotropic assumption in depth migration is not correct, and this can lead to incorrect depth positioning if not properly accounted for. In this paper, we performed isotropic and anisotropic poststack depth migrations on a dataset from Eastern Venezuela to study the influence of anisotropy over the depth migration process. When interval velocities derived from surface seismic are compared with those velocities from check shots, significant differences are observed specially for depths associated with a thick sequence of shales identified in the area. These differences in interval velocities are used to obtain estimations of the anisotropic constants used in the anisotropic depth migration process. The anisotropic depth-migrated section allows to position correctly in depth known geological markers identified in well logs, while the results in the isotropic depth-migration show some mismatch with the depths obtained from well-log information.

The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians was awarded a grant under the U.S. Department of Energy Tribal Energy Program (TEP) to develop a Tribal Strategic Energy Plan (SEP). The grant, awarded under the “First Steps” phase of the TEP, supported the development of a SEP that integrates with the Tribe’s plans for economic development, preservation of natural resources and the environment, and perpetuation of Tribal heritage and culture. The Tribe formed an Energy Committee consisting of members from various departments within the Tribal government. This committee, together with its consultant, the South Carolina Institute for Energy Studies, performed the following activities: • Develop the Tribe’s energy goals and objectives • Establish the Tribe’s current energy usage • Identify available renewable energy and energy efficiency options • Assess the available options versus the goals and objectives • Create an action plan for the selected options

VoIP Deregulation In South Africa: Implications for Underserviced Areas Marshini Chetty a marshiniDept of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa cPolicy Associate, Bridges.org, South Africa Protocol (VoIP) in South Africa. Previously, VoIP could only be utilised by the incumbent

Sample records for region1 eastern africa from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Incomes in South Africa since the fall of Apartheid by Murray Leibbrandt University of Cape Town in South Africa between 1995 and 2000. We document substantial declines--on the order of 40%--in real Africa #12;Incomes in South Africa since the fall of Apartheid Murray Leibbrandt University of Cape Town

Adoption of information and communication technologies and access to the Internet is expanding in Africa, but because of the rapid growth elsewhere, a Digital Divide between Africa and the rest of the world exists, and the gap is growing. In many sub-Saharan African countries, education and research sector suffers some of the worst deficiencies in access to the Internet, despite progress in development of NRENs - National Research and Education (cyber) Networks. By contrast, it is widely acknowledged in policy statements from the African Union, the UN, and others that strength in this very sector provides the key to meeting and sustaining Millennium Development Goals. Developed countries with effective cyber-capabilities proclaim the benefits to rich and poor alike arising from the Information Revolution. This is but a dream for many scientists in African institutions. As the world of science becomes increasingly Internet-dependent, so they become increasingly isolated. eGY-Africa is a bottom-up initiative by African scientists and their collaborators to try to reduce this Digital Divide by a campaign of advocacy for better institutional facilities. Four approaches are being taken. The present status of Internet services, problems, and plans are being mapped via a combination of direct measurement of Internet performance (the PingER Project) and a questionnaire-based survey. Information is being gathered on policy statements and initiatives aimed at reducing the Digital Divide, which can be used for arguing the case for better Internet facilities. Groups of concerned scientists are being formed at the national, regional levels in Africa, building on existing networks as much as possible. Opinion in the international science community is being mobilized. Finally, and perhaps most important of all, eGY-Africa is seeking to engage with the many other programs, initiatives, and bodies that share the goal of reducing the Digital Divide - either as a direct policy objective, or indirectly as a means to an end, such as the development of an indigenous capability in science and technology for national development. The expectation is that informed opinion from the scientific community at the institutional, national, and international levels can be used to influence the decision makers and donors who are in a position to deliver better Internet capabilities.

Renewable Energy in South Africa: Issues and Prospects Renewable Energy in South Africa: Issues and Prospects Speaker(s): Ogunlade Davidson Date: February 1, 2002 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Lynn Price The present contribution of Renewable Energy to the total power supply through grid electricity in South Africa is negligible. However, the government driven by concerns for rural electrification, while realising their overall sustainable objectives and environmental pressures, has set a target of achieving 5% grid supply from renewable technologies by 2010. It is advocated that this target as stated in their strategy paper should be achieved through the development of micro-hydro, biomass, solar and wind systems. Existing renewable energy systems that are operating in South Africa shows that there are major challenges in achieving this target. This

Expanded Constituency Workshop for West Africa Expanded Constituency Workshop for West Africa Jump to: navigation, search Calendar.png Expanded Constituency Workshop for West Africa: on 2012/09/04 The Global Environment Facility (GEF) is holding an Expanded Constituency Workshop (ECW) for West Africa, as part of the GEF Country Support Programme, including participants from Benin, Cote D'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra leone, Guinea and Togo. The workshop will bring together representatives from civil society, the GEF Secretariat and GEF Agencies, with focal points of the biodiversity, desertification, climate change, and chemicals conventions to discuss activities with global environmental benefits. Civil society organizations are invited to register at the meeting website. Runs September 4 - 6

2012 2012 Jump to: navigation, search Calendar.png Hydropower Africa 2012: on 2012/09/04 "Hydropower Africa 2012 is the largest hydropower event of its kind in Africa boasting over 450 visitors from across the globe. It looks at planned projects and tender prospects for hydropower development in Africa and innovative funding solutions for projects - big and small. Refurbishment and modernisation updates of major hydropower facilities as well as operation and maintenance best practices from across the continent will be presented and discussed. Infrastructure development and African-appropriate engineering solutions to provide power to villages, rural areas and urban communities and achieving operational objectives while addressing environment and social challenges will be examined through

Energy Efficiency Measurement & Verification in South Africa Energy Efficiency Measurement & Verification in South Africa Speaker(s): Xiaohua Xia Date: December 17, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Stephane de la Rue du Can Measurement and verification (M&V) is the process of using measurements to reliably determine actual saving created within an individual facility by an energy management program. This talk will describe the basics of M&V, and introduce how M&V is conducted in the Republic of South Africa. Topics covered include the history of M&V in South Africa, the business structure, and the Eskom-led M&V protocols and guidelines of M&V. The talk will also present how the M&V profession is governed and regulated by the national professional body, the national standard (the first in the world), and a

Danish Government Baseline Workstream Danish Government Baseline Workstream Jump to: navigation, search Name South Africa-Danish Government Baseline Workstream Agency/Company /Organization Danish Government Partner Danish Ministry for Climate, Energy, and Building; The Danish Energy Agency Sector Energy Topics Implementation, Low emission development planning Program Start 2011 Country South Africa Southern Africa References Denmark[1] Overview Progress and Outcomes Capacity building needs identified are lessons learned, challenges and gaps, including those that may be common between countries, and aspects of good practice for assumptions, methodologies and other aspects of baseline setting. References â†‘ "Denmark" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africa-Danish_Government_Baseline_Workstream&oldid=699933"

U.S.-South Africa Energy Meeting U.S.-South Africa Energy Meeting U.S.-South Africa Energy Meeting December 3, 2013 - 5:35pm Addthis U.S.-South Africa Energy Meeting South African Minister of Energy Benedict Martins and U.S. Deputy Secretary of Energy Daniel Poneman met December 2, 2013, in Washington, DC, for the fourth U.S.-South African Energy Dialogue, together with representatives of supporting U.S. and South African agencies. They reaffirmed the strong ongoing energy development in both nations -- including shale gas, civilian nuclear energy, renewable energy and energy efficiency --to meet our shared energy and climate goals, and the important role of private trade and investment in achieving those goals. The Minister and the Deputy Secretary agreed to: Increase collaboration on the safe and efficient development of

The countries of Sub-Saharan Africa remain among the globe's least developed and most food insecure nations. Policymakers argue that the answers to increased agricultural productivity and financial growth lie in the adoption ...

The preliminary study focuses on the six countries of central Africa which contain the largest remaining contiguous block of closed forests in sub-Saharan Africa: Cameroon, Central African Republic, the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and Zaire. The carbon in the vegetation and soils in these moist tropical forests and surrounding seasonal woodlands constitute the greatest potential source of future carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from sub-Saharan Africa. This study also considers the importance of savanna burning, although in less depth since the small savanna area in central Africa precludes this activity from being a large regional source of emissions. Analysis of biogeophysical and socioeconomic issues relevant to global climate change, and research containing both space-based and ground-based components, were undertaken.

. Many outbreaks of violence are caused by "autochthons" or rst comers to safeguard "ancestral lands in the desire of local people to safeguard their assets and secure a livelihood. Studies in West Africa (CÃ´te d

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Child psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Astrid Berg states in her introduction that “South Africa is a microcosm.” It is a modern nation, yet many of its inhabitants follow ancient traditions. It is a nation with a colonial past marked by periods...

Viridis Africa 2013 - investment in cleantech Viridis Africa 2013 - investment in cleantech Home > Groups > Clean and Renewable Energy SuzaAdam's picture Submitted by SuzaAdam(10) Member 3 March, 2013 - 10:32 On the 15th & 16th October 2013 the third Clean Technology business and investment matchmaking conference for the African continent is to be held at the Killarney Country Club, Lower Houghton South Africa. Called Viridis Africa, the event is dedicated to entrepreneurs and corporates who are seeking funding to introduce clean technology solutions and services. Principals who would present their business opportunities at this event would have the audience of numerous local and foreign investors, stratified according to their interest and investment criteria. Investors would include venture capital, private equity, project and

major lithospheric boundary in eastern California defined by isotope major lithospheric boundary in eastern California defined by isotope ratios in Cenozoic basalts from the Coso Range and surrounding areas Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Proceedings: A major lithospheric boundary in eastern California defined by isotope ratios in Cenozoic basalts from the Coso Range and surrounding areas Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Sr and Nd isotope ratios of Miocene-Recent basalts in eastern California, when screened for crustal contamination, vary dramatically and indicate the presence of a major lithospheric boundary that is not obvious from surface geology. Tectonic and geochemical interpretation of this boundary is difficult, however, because there are so many potential

Section 1222 of the Energy Policy Act 2005 Â» Proposed Project: Plains & Section 1222 of the Energy Policy Act 2005 Â» Proposed Project: Plains & Eastern Clean Line Proposed Project: Plains & Eastern Clean Line On June 10, 2010, the Department of Energy published in the Federal Register a Request for Proposals (RFP) for New or Upgraded Transmission Line Projects Under Section 1222 of the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) of 2005. In response, Clean Line Energy Partners, LLC submitted an application for its Plains & Eastern Clean Line project. DOE has concluded that Clean Line's proposal was responsive to the RFP, and it is currently under consideration. The proposed Plains & Eastern Clean Line project (the proposed project) would include an overhead +/- 600 kV direct current electric transmission system and associated facilities with the capacity to deliver approximately

Services Â» Technology Development Â» Transmission Planning Â» Services Â» Technology Development Â» Transmission Planning Â» Eastern Energy Zones Mapping Tool Eastern Energy Zones Mapping Tool The Eastern Interconnection States' Planning Council (EISPC) has released the Energy Zones (EZ) Mapping Tool, a free, web-based interactive tool that will help states and other stakeholders in the Eastern Interconnection identify geographic areas suitable for the development of clean energy resources (natural gas, sequestration or utilitization locations for C02 from coal, nuclear, and renewable) which can potentially provide significant amounts of new electric power generation. The EZ Mapping Tool is now available online. EISPC is encouraging states to learn more by participating in demonstration webinars and training sessions

in Eastern California Using Aster Thermal Infrared in Eastern California Using Aster Thermal Infrared Data Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Report: Geothermal Exploration in Eastern California Using Aster Thermal Infrared Data Abstract Remote sensing is a cost-effective tool that can be used to cover large areas for the purpose of geothermal exploration. A particular application is the use of satellite thermal infrared (TIR) imagery from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument aboard an orbiting satellite. It can be used to search remotely for elevated surface temperatures, which may be associated with geothermal resources. The study region is in the central part of eastern California, with emphasis on the Coso geothermal field. Nighttime scenes are most

Many countries in Eastern Europe, particularly ones from the former Soviet Bloc, are facing a potential crisis regarding their deteriorating precast panel apartment buildings. These complexes were built using industrial ...

Observations of eddies in the eastern tropical Pacific from TOPEX altimetry data show that there are seasonal and interannual variations in eddy activity. Comparisons between time of eddy formation and corresponding wind data show that not all...

Remote sensing and photo interpretation techniques are used to describe and map aeolian deposits found along two sediment transport corridors in the south eastern Mojave Desert. The first pathway and associated sand deposits extend eastward from...

significance of magnetotelluric sounding in the eastern Snake significance of magnetotelluric sounding in the eastern Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Region Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Geothermal significance of magnetotelluric sounding in the eastern Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Region Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Magnetotelluric soundings along a profile extending from the Raft River geothermal area in southern Idaho in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming reveal a highly anamalous crustal structure involving a conductive zone at depths that range from 18 km in the central part of the eastern Snake River Plain to 7 km beneath the Raft River thermal area and as little as 5 km in Yellowstone. Resistivities in this conductive zone are less than

METEOROLOGICAL TELECONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE SAHEL AND THE EASTERN UNITED STATES A Thesis by JEFFREY EARL MALAN Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas ASM University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER... OF SCIENCE December 1985 Major Subject: Meteorology METEOROLOGICAL TELECONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE SAHEL AND THE EASTERN UNITED STATES A Thesis by JEFFREY EARL MALAN Approved as to style and content by: J hn F. Grif s (Cha rman of Committee) Rudo f J...

The Eastern Interconnection Planning Collaborative (EIPC) has built three major power flow cases for the 2030 Eastern Interconnection (EI) based on various levels of energy/environmental policy conditions, technology advances, and load growth. Using the power flow cases, this report documents the process of developing the generic 2030 dynamic models using typical dynamic parameters. The constructed model was validated indirectly using the synchronized phasor measurements by removing the wind generation temporarily.

Rothschild South Africa Foundation Scholarship Â­ 2015 To be considered for the Rothschild South Africa Foundation Scholarship for 2015, please fill in your details and provide brief answers to the five as confidential and will only be shared with the Rothschild South Africa Foundation 1. Please tell us about

Prince Edward Is (South Africa) - Boonzaier et al. 95 a brieF history oF Fishing in the Prince edward islands, south aFrica, 1950Â­20101 Lisa Boonzaier, Sarah Harper, Dirk Zeller, and Daniel Pauly Sea.pauly@fisheries.ubc.ca abstract To reconstruct the catch history in the waters of the Prince Edward Islands (South Africa) from

Sample records for region1 eastern africa from the National Library of Energy Beta (NLEBeta)

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Republic of South Africa Constitution Act 110 of 1983 ACT To introduce a new constitution for the Republic of South Africa and to provide for matters incidental thereto. (English text signed by the State; and ARE DESIROUS OF GIVING THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA A CONSTITUTION which provides for elected and responsible

This topical report summarizes the conceptual design of an integrated oil shale processing plant based on fluidized bed retorting of eastern New Albany oil shale. This is the fourth design study conducted by Foster Wheeler; previous design cases employed the following technologies: Fluidized bed rotating/combustion of Colorado Mahogany zone shale. An FCC concept of fluidized bed retorting/combustion of Colorado Mahogany zone shale. Directly heated moving vertical-bed process using Colorado Mahogany zone shale. The conceptual design encompasses a grassroots facility which processes run-of-mine oil shale into a syncrude oil product and dispose of the spent shale solids. The plant has a nominal capacity of 50,000 barrels per day of syncrude product, produced from oil shale feed having a Fischer Assay of 15 gallons per ton. Design of the processing units was based on non-confidential published information and supplemental data from process licensors. Maximum use of process and cost information developed in the previous Foster Wheeler studies was employed. The integrated plant design is described in terms of the individual process units and plant support systems. The estimated total plant investment is detailed by plant section and estimates of the annual operating requirements and costs are provided. In addition, process design assumptions and uncertainties are documented and recommendations for process alternatives, which could improve the overall plant economics, are discussed. 12 refs., 17 figs., 52 tabs.

This paper summarizes the drilling and exploration activity of the oil and gas industries of Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, the Congo, Angola, and South Africa. Information is provided on current and predicted trends in well drilling activities (both onshore and offshore), numbers of new wells, footage information, production statistics and what fields accounted for this production, and planned new exploration activities. The paper also describes the current status of government policies and political problems affecting the oil and gas industry.

Change and Development in Africa Change and Development in Africa Jump to: navigation, search Calendar.png Second Conference on Climate Change and Development in Africa: on 2012/10/19 "The Climate Change and Development in Africa (CCDA) conference will be the second of its kind as part of the Climate for Development in Africa (Clim-Dev Africa) work programme and provides a forum for dialogue and engagement with various stakeholders involved in addressing climate and development issues in Africa. The programme has been mandated at regional meetings of African Heads of State and Government, as well as by Africa's Ministers of Finance, Planning and Environment, and responds to the urgent challenge that climate change poses to the advancement of Africa's development objectives. More concretely, it seeks to address the need for

With the exception of South Africa, Africa south of the Sahara has little teaching or research capability in the management of science, technology and innovation (MSTI). Only a small number of university-based units are currently active in Africa in this field. An MSTI program in Africa cannot be a mere transplantation of ideas and approaches used in other contexts. The necessary knowledge base and the conditions of implementation of MSTI skills are in many respects specific to Africa. At the same time, international exchanges are crucial. This article presents some considerations pertaining to the content and structure of a regional MSTI initiative in Africa.

In April and May 1990, Shell Petroleum Development Co. of Nigeria Ltd. awarded Noble Drilling West Africa Inc. four separate contracts to drill oil and gas wells in the inland waterways of Nigeria. The contracted rigs included a shallow water jack up, the NN-1, and three posted barges, the Gene Rosser, the Chuck Syring, and the Lewis Dugger. The jack up was built in 1978, and the three posted barges are 1980s vintage. Three of the rigs have been idle for a number of years. The Shell Nigeria contracts required major modifications to the rigs before putting them into international service. Noble replaced or refurbished all major pieces of equipment in the drilling, power, and service systems on the rigs. Rig crews serviced all other equipment. A significant amount of general service piping and electrical wiring was replaced. Each rig also required additional motor control centers to support the new drilling and mud processing equipment. Alfa-Laval waste-heat water desalination plants and new sewage treatment units were installed on all four rigs. Because of the tidal variances and high silt conditions expected in the African waterways, all engine cooling systems were converted from heat exchangers to radiators. Rotary tables were made common on all rigs at 37 1/2 in. Noble had all traveling equipment completely inspected and modified as necessary. Strict attention was paid to certification and documentation of all equipment. Safety upgrades conformed to both Shell and Noble standards. Fire and gas detection systems were installed throughout each rig. Water and foam deluge systems were installed in the wellhead areas, and new foam systems and monitors were installed on the helldecks.

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This is a compendium on GHG reductions via improved waste strategies in Africa. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This note provides a strategic framework for Local Authorities in Africa. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Assists LAs to select Zero Waste scenarios and achieve sustained GHG reduction. - Abstract: Only few Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects (traditionally focussed on landfill gas combustion) have been registered in Africa if compared to similar developing countries. The waste hierarchy adopted by many African countries clearly shows that waste recycling and composting projects are generally the most sustainable. This paper undertakes a sustainability assessment for practical waste treatment and disposal scenarios for Africa and makes recommendations for consideration. The appraisal in this paper demonstrates that mechanical biological treatment of waste becomes more financially attractive if established through the CDM process. Waste will continue to be dumped in Africa with increasing greenhouse gas emissions produced, unless industrialised countries (Annex 1) fund carbon emission reduction schemes through a replacement to the Kyoto Protocol. Such a replacement should calculate all of the direct and indirect carbon emission savings and seek to promote public-private partnerships through a concerted support of the informal sector.

Couth, R. [CRECHE, Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041 (South Africa); Trois, C., E-mail: troisc@ukzn.ac.za [CRECHE, Centre for Research in Environmental, Coastal and Hydrological Engineering, School of Engineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041 (South Africa)

Prospects for Microgrids in the Republic of South Africa Prospects for Microgrids in the Republic of South Africa Speaker(s): S.P. Chowdhury Sunetra Chowdhury Date: October 12, 2011 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Chris Marnay The South African utility Eskom is the main key player for the energy business in South Africa. Eskom owns the electricity networks and most of the electricity generation, transmission and distribution leading to monopolistic energy market in the country. The South African economy is quite strong in the African Continent and the energy demand has been growing very fast in the country. Most of the current energy mix is coming from coal fired thermal power stations in addition with a small fraction from nuclear as well as open cycle gas turbine and a bit of hydro power.

South Africa is one of the most unequal countries in the World. Social grant in South Africa is supported by the Social development macro policy framework since 1994. It was aimed at poverty alleviation that c...

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South African National Biodiversity Institute and University of Cape Town (South Africa from designated groups in terms of South Africa's employment equity targets will have preference) Postdoctoral Fellow (1position) (Two year Contract) The South African National Biodiversity Institute

To evaluate the potential of the Devonian shale as a source of natural gas, the US Department of Energy (DOE) has undertaken the Eastern Gas Shales Project (EGSP). The EGSP is designed not only to identify the resource, but also to test improved methods of inducing permeability to facilitate gas drainage, collection, and production. The ultimate goal of this project is to increase the production of gas from the eastern shales through advanced exploration and exploitation techniques. The purpose of this report is to inform the general public and interested oil and gas operators about EGSP results as they pertain to the Devonian gas shales of the Appalachian basin in eastern Kentucky and Tennessee. Geologic data and interpretations are summarized, and areas where the accumulation of gas may be large enough to justify commercial production are outlined.

Memorandum To: Poonum Agrawal, David Meyer, U.S. Department of Energy CRA No. D08554-00 From: Prashant Murti, Alex Rudkevich, CRA International Date: Finalized March 13, 2006 Subject: GE MAPS INPUT ASSUMPTIONS: EASTERN INTERCONNECT This memorandum summarizes salient inputs to the CRA locational price forecasting model (GE MAPS). The model geographic footprint encompasses the US portion of the Eastern Interconnect and the Canadian province of Ontario. The analyses simulate the years 2008 and 2011. Primary data sources for the CRA GE MAPS model include the NERC MMWG, the General Electric generation and transmission databases for the Eastern Interconnect, various publications by NERC regions and Independent System Operators, FERC submissions by generation and transmission owners,

Faulting in the Coso Geothermal Field, Eastern California Faulting in the Coso Geothermal Field, Eastern California Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Proceedings: Active Faulting in the Coso Geothermal Field, Eastern California Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: New mapping documents a series of late Quaternary NNE-striking normal faults in the central Coso Range that dip northwest, toward and into the main production area of the Coso geothermal field. The faults exhibit geomorphic features characteristic of Holocene activity, and locally are associated with fumaroles and hydothermal alteration. The active faults sole into or terminate against the brittle-ductile transition zone (BDT) at a depth of about 4 to 5 km. The BDT is arched upward over a volume of crust

This report provides information, recommendations, and guidelines for revegetating land in the Eastern United States that has been disturbed by coal mining. Included are brief descriptions of major coal mining regions in the East, and a discussion of minesoil properties and procedures for sampling, testing, and amending minesoils. Plant species that have been used for revegetating surface-mined lands are identified and described. Selection criteria for plant species and methods and requirements for seeding and planting are explained. Some of the data on tree species used in reforestation were obtained from recent surveys of 30-year-old experimental plantings in several Eastern States.

Biofuels in Africa May Help Achieve Global Goals, Experts Say | Worldwatch Institute Login Contact Us Sign Up for e-mail updates Home Â» Online Features Â» e2 - Eye on Earth Biofuels in Africa May for developing biofuels from sugar cane and other crops. Photo by Steve McNicholas Africa can use the biofuels

Socio-Cultural Challenges for the Internet in South Africa Philip Machanick* Department of Computer Science University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 2050 Wits South Africa http://www.cs.wits.ac.za/~philip/ philip@cs.wits.ac.za abstract A key aspect of technology policy in South Africa today is universal access

Distribution and population diversity of Ceratocystis pirilliformis in South Africa G. Kamgan (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 0002 I. Barnes Department of Genetics, FABI, University of Pretoria, South Africa, 0002 M.J. Wingfield J. Roux Department of Microbiology and Plant

1 Paying the Piper: The High Cost of Funerals in South Africa1 Anne Case Princeton University Anu University of Chicago Analia Olgiati Harvard University Running Title: High Cost of Funerals in South Africa-aged adults. In one site in South Africa that has been under demographic surveillance since the early 1990s

Building Bridges for Deaf Telephony in South Africa A Community-Centred Approach by William Tucker in South Africa is marginalized from First World telecommunication solutions by a variety of factors in South Africa, we leap frog past the developed world's Deaf Telephony relay solutions to a fully

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Sir -- As 27 April 2004 marks ten years of multiracial democracy in South Africa, it is appropriate, engineering and technology. The strategy rightly notes that, given South Africa's correspondence NATURE|VOL428 of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, King George V Avenue, Durban 4041, South

South Africa 1-2 9/11 Arts Project 3 Pine Ridge 4-5 Equine Therapy 6 Emotional Resources 7 Outsider on Carlyle Circle ArtTherapy in South Africa Expanding our Diversity Course by Becky Jacobson, 2nd year South to further introduce art therapy to the people of South Africa. Our group was composed of eleven students

1 Labor Force Participation, Gender and Work in South Africa: What Can Time Use Data Reveal, gender, labor force participation, South Africa. JEL Codes: E24, J22 #12;3 I. Introduction: There have been many studies analyzing South Africas labor market problems, particularly its high unemployment

Anticyclonic and cyclonic eddies of subtropical origin in the subantarctic zone south of Africa and cyclonic eddies of subtropical origin in the subantarctic zone south of Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 116, C into the Southern Ocean. The oceanic domain south of South Africa, where the Agulhas Current system abuts

Seasonal Maize Forecasting for South Africa and Zimbabwe Derived from an Agroclimatological Model, with a hindcast correlation over 16 seasons of 0.92 for South Africa and 0.62 for Zimbabwe. Over 17 seasons and actual maize water-stress in South Africa, and a correlation of 0.79 for the same relationship

Transport and variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Africa Sebastiaan Swart,1) of the ACC south of Africa. Surface dynamic height is derived from XBT data by establishing an empirical and variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current south of Africa, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C09014, doi:10

Contextual appraisal of GM cotton diffusion in South Africa Michel Fok1 , Jean-Luc Hofs1 , Marnus Gouse2 , Johann Kirsten2 1 CIRAD, France ; 2 University of Pretoria, South Africa Published in: Life the introduction of GMC and this causes observers to question the so-called success story of GMC in South Africa

Learn more about the summer course which includes a 3 week trip to South Africa. The program an introduction to the historical and the con- temporary South Africa as well as at least one post trip meeting@binghamton.edu or Josephine Allen at jaallen@binghamton.edu. Destination South Africa - Summer Course 2012 February 28th

History and the Technopolitics of Identity: The Case of Apartheid South Africa* Paul N. Edwards and computers in apartheid South Africa, considering these systems Â­ and apartheid more generally Â­ as forms-apartheid activists, who fought to limit South Africa's access to these systems. We argue that nuclear systems enacted

A new species of CrypllOnectria from South Africa and Australia, pathogenic to Eucalyptus Marieka (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa Venter, M., H. Myburg, B. D. Wingfield, T. A. Coutinho & M. J. Wingfield (2002). A new species of Cryphonectria from South Africa and Australia, patho

International Sirex Symposium, Pretoria, South Africa 9-16 May 2007 Page 46 PERSPECTIVES of South America. Prior to joining FAO, Gillian worked in Africa for 12 years, including five years ON THE IMPENDING THREAT OF SIREX NOCTILIO TO AFRICA Gillian Allard Forestry Department, Food and Agriculture

Tropospheric ozone climatology over Irene, South Africa, from 1990 to 1994 and 1998 to 2002 R. D in South Africa are reported for the period 1990 to 1994 and a more recent period, 1998 to 2002, when), Tropospheric ozone climatology over Irene, South Africa, from 1990 to 1994 and 1998 to 2002, J. Geophys. Res

International Sirex Symposium, Pretoria, South Africa 9-16 May 2007 Page 43 THE THREAT OF SIREX NOCTILIO AND OTHER ALIEN INVASIVE SPECIES IN AFRICA Clement Chilima FISNA Secretariat, Forestry Research the threat of alien invasive species to forest resources in Africa and the weak capacity of most African

Predicting Incursion of Plant Invaders into Kruger National Park, South Africa: The Interplay, South African National Parks, Skukuza, South Africa, 4 Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 5 Department of Plant Science, University

LSE-UCT July School in Cape Town, South Africa 30 June -11 July 2014 The London School of Economics, South Africa, are now open. Details of how to apply are available on the website. The deadline to Africa today. The programme is taught by outstanding faculty from the University of Cape Town and LSE

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2nd Edition Nov. 2011 CampusFrance South Africa Newsletter Table of contents : o Current Bursary offered by the French Embassy aim to respond to South Africa and Lesotho's need to train and equip French per country) for Honours and Masters students from South Korea, Mexico, India, USA, South Africa

First report of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearumon eucalypts in South Africa BY T. A of Pretoria, 0002 Pretoria, South Africa. E-mail: Teresa. Coutinho@FABI.up.ac.za; 3 Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, University of the Orange Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa; 4 Agricultural

11th SAI Study Tour to South Africa "Cultural Immersion and Transformational Learning" The Rutgers Graduate School of Education offers a unique 3-credit summer experience in South Africa; its schools and rural townships located in the Gauteng and Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Among the planned

, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa *S Supporting Information and fertility constraints in rain- fed smallholder agriculture in South Africa, namely in situ water harvesting significantly increased maize yields by 12% and transpiration by 2% on average across South Africa. In situ

Pieter Steijnberg KRITZINGER Born in South Africa on 21 February 1944 Emeritus Professor University of Cape Town Private Bag, RONDEBOSCH, 7700 South Africa http://www.cs.uct.ac.za/ psk Curriculum VitaeÂ­1968 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 1969Â­1972 University of Waterloo, Waterloo

New species of Anthostomella on fynbos, with a key to the genus in South Africa Seonju LEE, South Africa. E-mail : slee@maties.sun.ac.za Received 3 April 2002; accepted 18 November 2002. A study of saprobic fungi occurring on the fynbos of the Western Cape Province of South Africa yielded four unknown

Intraseasonal Eastern Pacific Precipitation and SST Variations in a GCM Coupled to a Slab Ocean-Schubert convection to a slab ocean model (SOM) improves the simulation of eastern Pacific convection during and ocean make eastern Pacific low-level circulation anomalies more complex in the SOM simulation than

Intraseasonal Eastern Pacific Precipitation and SST Variations in a GCM Coupled to a Slab OceanÂ­Schubert convection to a slab ocean model (SOM) improves the simulation of eastern Pacific convection during and ocean make eastern Pacific lowÂ­level circulation anomalies more complex in the SOM simulation than

Late Quaternary variability of sedimentary nitrogen isotopes in the eastern South Pacific Ocean), Late Quaternary variability of sedimentary nitrogen isotopes in the eastern South Pacific Ocean) in the water columns of the Arabian Sea (AS) and the eastern North and South Pacific oceans (ENP; ESP) holds

. Unless water is managed efficiently and equitably, it will remain a serious limiting factor to human to promote greater water use efficiency, recover costs, and conserve the resource. These changesMSU at Work in Africa: Safe Water and Environmental Health Issues and Problems Water contamination

research should focus on the four farming systems that they think have the most potential: mixing maizeAfrica,"iswherethesethingsdropdead." Others point out problems with the specifics of the report. For example, scien- tists at the proposed- making body, voted to lift a three-year moratorium on therapeutic cloning by ten votes to five.The main

The Energy Department works with American and international organizations to break down barriers to widely deploying U.S.-made clean energy technologies in countries throughout the world. Learn more about an Energy Department-supported project involving reflective “cool roof” surfaces, solar water heaters, and other technologies that are helping South Africa reduce energy use and carbon emissions.

...CH-1211, Switzerland We review the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency...done in this regard in order to plan, coordinate and evaluate an...virus in South Africa. | We review the epidemiology of human immunodeficiency...done in this regard in order to plan, coordinate and evaluate an...

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Building Climate Smart Agriculture in Africa through Sustainable Development Diplomacy William R is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner." UN Framework Convention, Agriculture for Development and the meetings that preceded this one #12;There was no "Green Revolution

Darling Basin, rural water trading, water demand, urban water pricing and management, optimal water allocation Page 1 of 5 Water Governance in Southern Africa: UNESCO Chair in Water Economics and Transboundary Water Governance The ANUUNESCO Chair in Water Economics and Transboundary Water Governance

Mobile phone penetration rates have reached 63% in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and are projected to pass 70% by 2013. In SSA, millions of people who never used traditional landlines now use mobile phones on a regular basis. Mobile health, or mHealth, is ...

The Pelindaba Treaty will encourage the creation of other nuclear-weapon-free zones, particularly in Southeast Asia and the Middle East, and set new patterns and precedents for such regional endeavors. The author examines the events leading up to Africa becoming a nuclear free zone.

This EIS is for Western Area Power Administration's proposal to participate with Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. (Tri-State), to construct the proposed Eastern Plains Transmission Project (Project). Western’s participation with Tri-State would be in exchange for capacity rights on the transmission lines.

AN UPDATE ON REFORM IN EASTERN EUROPE AND RUSSIA Jeffrey Sachs ABSTRACT: The paper reviews the experience of Poland and Russia with economic reform, with occasional comparison to China's experience. The author argues that macroeconomic chaos in Poland and Russia preceded reform and was allayed by reform

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory produced solar power production data for the Eastern Renewable Generation Integration Study (ERGIS) including "real time" 5-minute interval data, "four hour ahead forecast" 60-minute interval data, and "day-ahead forecast" 60-minute interval data for the year 2006. This presentation provides a brief overview of the three solar power datasets.

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The financial/social/institutional sustainability of waste management in Africa is analysed. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This note is a compendium of a study on the potential for GHG control via improved zero waste in Africa. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This study provides the framework for Local Authorities for realizing sustained GHG reductions. - Abstract: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per person from urban waste management activities are greater in sub-Saharan African countries than in other developing countries, and are increasing as the population becomes more urbanised. Waste from urban areas across Africa is essentially dumped on the ground and there is little control over the resulting gas emissions. The clean development mechanism (CDM), from the 1997 Kyoto Protocol has been the vehicle to initiate projects to control GHG emissions in Africa. However, very few of these projects have been implemented and properly registered. A much more efficient and cost effective way to control GHG emissions from waste is to stabilise the waste via composting and to use the composted material as a soil improver/organic fertiliser or as a component of growing media. Compost can be produced by open windrow or in-vessel composting plants. This paper shows that passively aerated open windrows constitute an appropriate low-cost option for African countries. However, to provide an usable compost material it is recommended that waste is processed through a materials recovery facility (MRF) before being composted. The paper demonstrates that material and biological treatment (MBT) are viable in Africa where they are funded, e.g. CDM. However, they are unlikely to be instigated unless there is a replacement to the Kyoto Protocol, which ceases for Registration in December 2012.

Economic Research Southern Africa (ERSA) is a research programme funded by the National Treasury of political and/or personal connection with the president. Pennsylvania State University, Economic Research as career diplomats across different types of postings. The central issue being addressed in the process

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Airborne measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in southern Africa during Airborne measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in southern Africa during the dry, biomass burning season Title Airborne measurements of carbonaceous aerosols in southern Africa during the dry, biomass burning season Publication Type Journal Article LBNL Report Number LBNL-50880 Year of Publication 2003 Authors Kirchstetter, Thomas W., Tihomir Novakov, and Peter V. Hobbs Journal Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres Keywords black carbon, evolved gas analysis, light absorption, organic carbon, positive sampling artifact, SAFARI Abstract Particulate matter collected aboard the University of Washington's Convair-580 research aircraft over southern Africa during the dry, biomass burning season was analyzed for total carbon, organic carbon, and black carbon contents using thermal and optical methods. Samples were collected in smoke plumes of burning savanna and in regional haze. A known artifact, produced by the adsorption of organic gases on the quartz filter substrates used to collect the particulate matter samples, comprised a significant portion of the total carbon collected. Consequently, conclusions derived from the data are greatly dependent on whether or not organic carbon concentrations are corrected for this artifact. For example, the estimated aerosol co-albedo (1 - single scattering albedo), which is a measure of aerosol absorption, of the biomass smoke samples is 60% larger using corrected organic carbon concentrations. Thus, the corrected data imply that the biomass smoke is 60% more absorbing than do the uncorrected data. The black carbon to (corrected) organic carbon mass ratio (BC/OC) of smoke plume samples (0.18Â±0.06) is lower than that of samples collected in the regional haze (0.25Â±0.08). The difference may be due to mixing of biomass smoke with background air characterized by a higher BC/OC ratio. A simple source apportionment indicates that biomass smoke contributes about three-quarters of the aerosol burden in the regional haze, while other sources (e.g., fossil fuel burning) contribute the remainder.

...through December 2012. Duplicate isolates cultured within 21 days after the initial positive culture were excluded. Serotyping and Susceptibility Testing. Pneumococci were serotyped with the use of the quellung reaction (Statens Serum Institut). Serotype 6C was distinguished from 6A throughout. We determined... Invasive pneumococcal disease is an important cause of severe illness. In South Africa, a national program to vaccinate children with the conjugated pneumococcal vaccine resulted in a substantial decline in invasive pneumococcal disease countrywide, including in adults.

ESKOM, the government-owned company that generates nearly 95 percent of the power in South Africa, has been facing serious capacity shortages for some time, forcing it to resort to mandatory rationing of major industrial users and occasional outages. A combination of rapid economic growth and chronic underinvestment in infrastructure resulted in the disappearance of a once plentiful capacity surplus. Considerable rate increases and emphasis on conservation are planned.

The developing nations of the Mideast, Far East, and Africa face a bleaker - and more-complicated - energy picture than that of the West. Rapid industrial and agricultural expansion in the region severely drains already-inadequate energy systems. Energy-importing countries find they must diversify and develop indigenous resources, but often lack the technical known-how to do so. Volume 1 is a compilation of official US government intelligence reports examining the way 22 countries in the Mideast, Far East, and Africa are responding to the energy problems. The countries covered are: Algeria, Australia, Burma, China, Egypt, Gabon, India, Indonesia, Ivory Coast, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Mozambique, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sudan, Taiwan, Tunisia and Turkey. The range and detail of country reports vary, due to availability of reports. Although the book details current energy situations, its main emphasis is on the future, including estimates of future production and consumption, and descriptions of energy development plans. Some of the countries in this region are fortunate to have petrochemical resources, while electric energy expansion is crucial to national development in all. Coal will be filling the gap left by diminishing oil supplies. 61 tables.

Gasification reactivity of an Eastern oil shale was studied in a three-year research project under a cooperative agreement between the Department of Energy, Morgantown Energy Technology Center, and HYCRUDE Corp. to expand the data base on the hydroretorting of Eastern oil shales. Gasification tests were conducted with the Indiana New Albany oil shale during the first year of the program. A total of six Eastern oil shales are planned to be tested during the program. A laboratory thermobalance and a 2-inch diameter fluidized bed were used to conduct gasification tests with Indiana New Albany oil shale. Temperature and pressure ranges used were 1600 to 1900/sup 0/F and 15 to 500 psig, respectively. Fifteen thermobalance tests were made in hydrogen/steam and synthesis gas/steam mixtures. Six fluidized-bed tests were made in the same synthesis gas/steam mixture. Carbon conversions as high as 95% were achieved. Thermobalance test results and a kinetic description of weight loss during hydrogen/steam gasification are presented. 14 refs., 6 figs., 4 tabs.

The Trans-Africa Pipeline (TAP), the vision of University of Toronto professor emeritus Rod Tennyson, aims to mitigate poverty, disease, desertification, and conflict in Africa’s Sahel1 region through the daily provision of roughly one billion litres of fresh water to 20 million people for domestic and agricultural use (Tennyson, n.d; Tennyson et al, n.d). As the effects of climate change become more pronounced,

??Consulting Engineers worldwide, and in South Africa, render a professional service to clients consisting of project feasibility studies, planning reports, design, documentation and construction monitoring… (more)

The primary focus of this paper is the impact of key South African leaders on the successful developments and subsequent rollbacks of South Africa`s nuclear weapons capability. It highlights the key milestones in the development of South Africa`s nuclear weapon capability. It also relates how different groups within South Africa (scientists, politicians, military and technocrats) interacted to successfully produce South Africa`s nuclear deterrent. It emphasizes the pivotal influence of the senior political leadership to pursue nuclear rollback given the disadvantages of its nuclear means to achieve vital national interests. The conclusions drawn from flu`s effort are the South African nuclear program was an extreme response to its own identity Crisis. Nuclear weapons became a means to achieving a long term end of a closer affiliation with the West. A South Africa yearning to be identified as a Western nation and receive guarantees of its security rationalized the need for a nuclear deterrent. The deterrent was intended to draw in Western support to counter a feared total onslaught by Communist forces in the region. Two decades later, that same South Africa relinquished its nuclear deterrent and reformed its domestic policies to secure improved economic and political integration with the West.

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This paper considers the energy market of the (formerly) central planned economies in Eastern Europe (including the Soviet Union). More precisely, the analysis tries to relate the demand/supply for energy and fuels to the degree and the speed of the deregulation and the introduction of a market economy. Using a formal model, it will be shown that deregulation will lead to a substantial conservation such that this region can remain a net energy exporter over the next five years. On the other hand, continuation of the traditional allocation rules would either lead to energy imports, or more likely, to severe rationing.

This EIS will evaluate the potential environmental impacts of participating with Clean Line Energy Partners LLC (Clean Line) in the proposed Plains & Eastern Project. The proposed project would include an overhead ± 600 kilovolt (kV) high voltage direct current (HVDC) electric transmission system and associated facilities with the capacity to deliver approximately 3,500 megawatts (MW) primarily from renewable energy generation facilities in the Oklahoma Panhandle region to load-serving entities in the Mid-South and Southeast via an interconnection with the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).

...assistant has subsequently recovered and was discharged from the hospital on November 5. Signs of infection have not developed in any of the eight health care workers who were in contact with this nurse assistant, and all have passed the 21-day incubation period after exposure. No other secondary cases... To the Editor: The current epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) remains essentially confined to West Africa.1 We present a case of transmission of the virus associated with the care of a patient who was transported from Sierra Leone to Spain on ...

...anniversary of the creation of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), widely considered the most ambitious and successful global public health program since smallpox eradication. Over the past decade, PEPFAR has funded HIV–AIDS treatment for more than 5 million people in resource-limited... With the U.S. government halving the budget for the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in South Africa by 2017, the country is transitioning to full ownership of its HIV program. Will the move jeopardize the health of 1.7 million South Africans being treated for HIV?

...be very difficult to assess its contribution without careful comparative studies. Keeping health care workers and the broader community safe remains a daunting challenge, even in facilities, like those in Hamburg and Atlanta, dedicated to the care of patients with highly communicable diseases. The patient... Although the Ebola virus was recognized in 1976,1 until now Ebola virus disease (EVD) had been confined to remote areas in Africa, occurring in discrete outbreaks. Even with the thousands of cases in the current outbreak, most cases occur in areas where ...

The South African solar map has been redrawn to make it applicable to photovoltaic installations. This has been done with the aim of reducing the cost of solar PV installations in South Africa through accurate energy resource assessment and competent system design. Climate data software as well as solar design software was used to aid this process. The new map provides an alternative to the map in current use, which only considers radiation, whereas many more factors affect the output of a panel, such as wind, cloud cover and humidity. All these are taken into account when drawing the new map.

State-owned Eskom has a near-monopoly on power generation in South Africa. Though one might think government control would make the business of managing power supplies easier, the story of Eskom's recent troubles shows that state ownership, in and of itself, is neither the problem nor the solution. More important than ownership structure are policy and planning decisions that take the long view. Eskom's cautionary tale should remind those involved in the power industry anywhere in the world that, to vary a disclosure from the financial sector that too few have paid attention to, past performance is not a guarantee of future success. 8 figs.

...2003 research-article Spread of cattle led to the loss of matrilineal descent in Africa...support the hypothesis that acquiring cattle led formerly matrilineal Bantu-speaking cultures...Coevolution|Phylogeny| Spread of cattle led to the loss of matrilineal descent in Africa...

was acciden- tally introduced into Brazil from Africa in 1930 by trading ships (14). A group of scientists working on Aedes aegypti eradication to elim- inate urban yellow fever identified A. gambiae, and luckily they were able to eradicate this intruder by treating water around dwellings with larvicides. In Africa

Drinking water quality, in many parts of South Africa, is far below acceptable standards. With a high number of illnesses and deaths in the country due to diarrheal diseases, the impact is critical. This research addresses the challenge of reporting ... Keywords: HCI, ICTD, South Africa, low-literate user interfaces, mobile phones, user-centered design, water quality

-) ) The SME boom in rural South Africa links to electricity and telephony Paper to be presented in rural South Africa, with a special focus on electricity and telephone access. The micro data we analyse of the historically disadvantaged "deep rural" areas. In parallel to a doubled electricity access, we find a 14-fold

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-ranging relevance to scientific and technological development, on topics such as materials for solar energy, strong progress in Africa Nithaya Chetty, Richard M. Martin and Sandro Scandolo A school on computational to the development of research in Africa. T hroughout the African Union, there is tacit understanding

Energy Policy 29 (2001) 1133Â­1143 Ethanol as a lead replacement: phasing out leaded gasoline cost of lead additives and of gasoline, and the falling cost of ethanol and sugarcane, have created sugarcane is produced in Africa to replace all the lead used in African gasoline; this would require Africa

DETERMINATION, CONTROL AND IMPROVEMENT OF AN SKA RADIO ENVIRONMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA By NeÃ«l Smuts1 ABSTRACT South Africa, in its bid to host the SKA2 , has adopted a dual approach to determine, assess Recommendations and Resolutions and South African legal provisions. An overview of this process is provided. Even

(shaped in part by the very high population density and great poverty in the former homelands), mining Research and training in the Olifants and Limpopo basins of Southern Africa Dominique Rollin for Africa in Pre- toria pursuant to an agreement with the South African government. Ever since, the French

network coverage is con- centrated around the cities with high density of population. ThroughImproving Rural Emergency Services with Cognitive Radio Networks in Sub-Saharan Africa Dramane technology to address the challenges for ensuring connectivity in remote areas of Africa. Indeed, the current

9/2/2014 Advice for Colleges, Universities, and Students about Ebola in West Africa | Travelers' Health | CDC http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/advice-for-colleges-universities-and-students-about-ebola-in-west-africa 1/5 Advice for Colleges, Universities, and Students about Ebola in West Africa For Colleges

The basalt stratigraphy and geologic structures of eastern Umtanum Ridge have been mapped and studied in detail to help assess the feasibility of nuclear waste terminal storage on the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State. Eastern Umtanum Ridge is an asymmetric east-west-trending anticline of Columbia River basalt that plunges 5 degrees eastward into the Pasco Basin. Geologic mapping and determination of natural remanent magnetic polarity and chemical composition reveal that flows of the Pomona and Umatilla Members (Saddle Mountains Basalt), Priest Rapids and Frenchman Springs Members (Wanapum Basalt), and Grande Ronde Basalt were erupted as fairly uniform sheets. The Wahluke and Huntzinger flows (Saddle Mountains Basalt) fill a paleovalley cut into Wanapum Basalt. No evidence was found to indicate Quaternary-age movement on any structures in the map area. The basalt strata on the south limb of the Umtanum anticline display relatively little tectonic deformation since Miocene-Pliocene time. Thus, the buried south flank of Umtanum Ridge may provide an excellent location for a nuclear waste repository beneath the Hanford Site.

South Africa-Energy and Climate Change Research Program South Africa-Energy and Climate Change Research Program Jump to: navigation, search Name South Africa Energy and Climate Change Research Program Agency/Company /Organization France Agency of Development (AFD) Partner International Conference on Electricity Distribution CIRED Sector Climate, Energy Focus Area Renewable Energy, Energy Efficiency Topics Low emission development planning Website http://www.afd.fr/home Country South Africa Southern Africa References EU Development Days Presentation[1] The main aim of this program is to assist the country in the evaluation of short-term costs and long-term impacts associated with the implementation of public policies related to energy transition. Topics of study include: Efficient use of energy resources Maximizing impacts of investments toward renewable energy

The main aim of the study is to examine whether women in Mdantsane are accessing and using maternal health care services. Accessibility of maternal health care facilities is important in ensuring that lives ar...

CITATION: PROFESSOR PETER SARNAK Professor Peter Sarnak was born in Johannesburg, South Africa contribution to the development of mathematics in South Africa by presenting plenary lectures at joint of the mathematical sciences in South Africa. Together with members of the panel he visited many of the universities

Inversion of regional gravity gradient data over the Vredefort Impact Structure, South Africa- try data over the Vredefort Impact Structure in South Africa. With the rapidly growing field impact structure in South Africa. INTRODUCTION Gravity has long been used to study and characterize

In Preparation for Northwestern Students Study Abroad in South Africa Feb 2, 2011, on her research on American study abroad students in South Africa 1. Much of your research focuses on how American study abroad students discover their "Americaness" while abroad in South Africa. Can you please

, Grahamstown, South Africa, M.Schafer@ru.ac.za Introduction The aim of this paper and presentation is to shareMathematicsin South Africa for example, sees space and shape within a context of social experiences. One and representexperienceswithshape,space,timeand motion, using all available senses" (Republic of South Africa, 1997). This apparent

Seth Wenig/Associated Press Jacob Zuma of South Africa at United Nations headquarters in New York Zuma of South Africa gave an unusual speech at the U.N. Security Council last week. In a plea's and South Africa's own shortcomings. Zuma's handling of his country's foreign policy has also undermined

1 Towards evaluating the map literacy of planners in 2D maps and 3D models in South Africa, Department of Geography, Geoinformatics and Metereology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa 2 GIScience Center, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. Abstract South Africa is faced

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Last Modified 2/1/13 Location and Institution SOUTH AFRICA- CAPE TOWN: UNIVERSITY in the mandatory course: "Introducing South Africa: History, Politics, and Culture". Courses. Website www.arcadia.edu/abroad/SouthAfrica The information provided on this sheet is subject

in the Volta River Basin include high popu- lation densities, population growth rate, poverty, watershed sizeABSTRACT: Water resource management in West Africa is often a complicated process due to inadequate Basin, West Africa.) Taylor, Joie C., Nick van de Giesen, and Tammo S. Steenhuis, 2006. West Africa

Neoproterozoic tectonothermal evolution of the Central Eastern Desert, Egypt: a slow velocity, University of Assiut, Egypt Received 10 January 2001; received in revised form 24 October 2001; accepted 25 in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt is constraint by 40 Ar/39 Ar ages of hornblende and muscovite from Meatiq

Where is the North ChinaÂ­South China block boundary in eastern China? Michel Faure, Wei Lin of the North China and South China blocks. The eastern extension of the belt (the Sulu area) consists and the lack of ocean-basin rock shows that the boundary between the North China block and South China block

Mid-Holocene mean climate in the south eastern Pacific and its influence on South America Matthieu margin and four regions of South America. These regions were selected for the strength and stability and focus on the relationship between the eastern tropical Pacific and South America. This study is based

. In this paper we focus on South Eastern South America (SESA), a region that has exhibited one of the largest South America 1 Introduction The depletion of ozone in the polar Antarctic strato- sphere (i.e. `theStratospheric ozone depletion: a key driver of recent precipitation trends in South Eastern South

Publications of the University of Eastern Finland Dissertations in Forestry and Natural Sciences in internal-feeding sawflies Publications of the University of Eastern Finland Dissertations in Forestry Finland, Joensuu, on September, 19, 2014, at 12 o'clock. Department of Biology #12;Grano Joensuu, 2014

Plains & Eastern Clean Line Project Proposal for New or Upgraded Plains & Eastern Clean Line Project Proposal for New or Upgraded Transmission Line Projects Under Section 1222 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 Plains & Eastern Clean Line Project Proposal for New or Upgraded Transmission Line Projects Under Section 1222 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 Plains & Eastern Clean Line Project Proposal for New or Upgraded Transmission Line Projects Under Section 1222 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (July 2010) Update to Plains & Eastern Clean Line Project Proposal for New or Upgraded Transmission Line Projects Under Section 1222 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (August 2011) More Documents & Publications EIS-0486: Notice of Intent and Notice of Potential Floodplain and Wetland Involvement Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the

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:09-cv-04888-NG -LB Document 51 :09-cv-04888-NG -LB Document 51 UNITED STATESDISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK I . I - . - - ~ I - L I I - - - - L I - I - - - - - - - - C I - C - - I - - - - " I - X ASSOCIATION OF COMMUNITY OR~GANIZATIONS FOR REFORM NOW; I ACORN INSTITUTE, I N C . ; I and MHANY MANAGEMENT, INC., I W a NEW YORK ACORN HOUSING I COMPANY, INC., Plaintiffs, I UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; SHAUN DONOVAN,Secretary of the Department of Housing and Urban Developmen6 PETER ORSZAG, Director, I Office of Management and Budget; TIMOTHY GEITHNER, Secretary of the I Department of Treasury of the United States; LISA P. JACKSON, Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency; GARY LOCKE, Secretary of Commerce; and ROBERT GATES,Secretary of Defense. I Defendants. Filed 0311 011 0 Page 1 of 3 MAR \ 0 2 0 u

05 05 September 2009 Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study - Preliminary Findings Preprint D. Corbus, M. Milligan, and E. Ela National Renewable Energy Laboratory M. Schuerger Energy Systems Consulting Services B. Zavadil EnerNex Corp. To be presented at the 8th International Workshop on Large Scale Integration of Wind Power and on Transmission Networks for Offshore Wind Farms Bremen, Germany October 14-15, 2009 NOTICE The submitted manuscript has been offered by an employee of the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC (ASE), a contractor of the US Government under Contract No. DE-AC36-08-GO28308. Accordingly, the US Government and ASE retain a nonexclusive royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for US Government purposes.

Gasification tests of Indiana New Albany oil shale fines have been conducted. Thermobalance test results indicate that over 95% of the organic carbon in the shale can be gasified at 1700{degree}F and 135 psig with 30 minutes residence time under a synthesis gas atmosphere and at 1800{degree}F and 15 psig with 30 minutes residence time under a hydrogen/steam atmosphere. A simple kinetic expression for hydrogen/steam gasification weight loss has been developed. Weight loss has been described as the sum of the weight loss from two independent, simultaneous reaction paths: a rapid (<2 minutes) first order reaction and a slower gasification reaction that can be expressed in terms of the steam/carbon reaction. Work is in progress to study the gasification of other Eastern shales and improve the kinetic description of weight loss.

The removal of sulfur from Eastern oil shale (40 microns particle size) slurries in bioreactors by mixed microbial cultures was examined. A mixed culture that is able to remove the organic sulfur from model sulfur compounds presenting coal as well as a mixed culture isolated from oil shale enrichments were evaluated. The cultures were grown in aerobic fed-batch bioreactors where the oil shale served as the source of all nutrients except organic carbon. Glucose was added as an auxiliary carbon source. Microbial growth was monitored by plate counts, the pH was checked periodically, and oil shale samples were analyzed for sulfur content. Results show a 24% reduction in the sulfur content of the oil shale after 14 days. The settling characteristics of the oil shale in the bioreactors were examined in the presence of the microbes. Also, the mixing characteristics of the oil shale in the bioreactors were examined. 10 refs., 6 figs., 5 tabs.

Electrical energy consumption in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia is modeled as a function of weather data, global solar radiation, population, and gross domestic product per capita. Five years of data have been used to develop the energy consumption model. Variable selection in the regression model is carried out by using the general stepping-regression technique. Model adequacy is determined from a residual analysis technique. Model validation aims to determine if the model will function successfully in its intended operating field. In this regard, new energy consumption data for a sixth year are collected, and the results predicted by the regression model are compared with the new data set. Finally, the sensitivity of the model is examined. It is found that the model is strongly influenced by the ambient temperature.

Two Western groups - Shell and a consortium made up of Agip, Conoco, and Total - have offered to buy the refining operations of Chemopetrol Litvinov and Kaucuk Kralupy, both in the Czech republic. Meanwhile, Amoco, Neste, and PCD are looking at the possibility of acquiring some of the plastics plants at Litvinov. Amoco is interested in the polypropylene operations, Neste in polyethylene, and PCD in both. The two Czech firms are included in the second wave of privatization, which will begin in midyear. So far, there have been no offers for the 80,000-m.t./year polystyrene and 60,000-m.t./year styrene butadiene rubber operations belonging to Kralupy, although Atochem representatives recently visited the plants. Litvinov is carrying out revamping operations at its core unit, a 12-year-old, 450,000-m.t./year ethylene plant. The plant, currently running at 400,000 m.t./year, supplies downstream plants, Neratovice, and sells on the export markets. An existing ethylene pipeline between Litvinov and Bohlen in eastern Germany, which used to supply an average 100,000 m.t./year of ethylene to Bohen in exchange for naphtha, is virtually unused. One proposal involves reactivating this exchange to secure ethylene feedstock for plants in eastern Germany. According to some sources, a preliminary decision has been made to shut down the 100,000-m.t./year ethylene plant at Leuna and possibly to expand the Bohlen cracker by 100,000 m.t./year, to 400,000 m.t./year by the late 1990s.

Facility Records Annual Facility Records Annual Climate Cycle in Niger, Africa Because dust can block incoming solar energy, and because solar energy drives weather and climate, scientists around the world are looking for ways to better understand these natural phenomena. In 2006, scientists sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Climate Research Facility conducted a year-long field campaign in Niamey, Niger, to provide key information for the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses, or AMMA, project. During the 12-month experiment at the airport in Niamey, researchers used a portable atmospheric laboratory, airplanes, and satellites to collect information about clouds, aerosols, and solar and terrestrial energy in the skies above the site. Measurements obtained

International Training International Training REAC/TS Provides International Radiation Emergency Medical Response Training for Emergency Responders In support of the National Nuclear Security Administration's international approach to nuclear and radiological incident response, REAC/TS staff provide training to physicians, nurses and emergency responders in multiple countries each year. REAC/TS has conducted radiation emergency medical response training in Iraq, Kuwait, Morocco, Singapore, South Africa, and Thailand. "As one of the world's primary responders to nuclear and radiological accidents, it's critical that REAC/TS help prepare a variety of health care professionals for the medical management of radiation accidents," said REAC/TS Medical/Technical Director Dr. Albert Wiley. "Our medical

SKA SA test telescope reveals binary star system South Africa's test telescope reveals secrets, has created huge research and job opportunities. South Africa's Karoo Array Telescope (KAT-7) has at the SKA South Africa. The 64-dish MeerKAT Â­ which SKA South Africa director Bernie Fanaroff once described

) December 1974 ABSTRACT A COST-BENEFIT APPROACH TO YOUTH VOCATIONAL TRAINING SCHENES IN AFRICA. (December 1974) Emmanuel Bol Kuanyin, B. Sc. (Honours). Un1- verity of Khartoum, Sudan. Directed by: Dr. Alan Rufus Waters The objective of this thesis... is the construct1on of an analytical framework for the evaluation of benef1ts and costs of youth vocational train1ng schemes in Africa. After the discussion of the role of human capital in economic development and the problems of its accumu lat1on in Africa...

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The tremendous outbreak of Ebola virus disease occurring in West Africa since ... review aims to describe the 27 manifestations of Ebola virus that arose after its discovery in ... an update on research on the ec...

The evolving Ebola epidemic in West Africa is unprecedented in its size and scope, requiring the rapid mobilization of resources. It is too early to determine all of the ethical challenges associated with the ...

This chapter explores and compares the causes and effects of colonial labor camps and concentration camps in nineteenth-century southern Africa. This comparison is an attempt ... understand the relationship betwe...

Geochronological, thermochronological and isotopic studies of kimberlite-borne crustal xenoliths have been used to elucidate the architecture and thermal evolution of the continental lithosphere of southern Africa. U-Pb ...

The synoptic evolution of three tropical–extratropical (TE) interactions, each responsible for extreme rainfall events over southern Africa, is discussed in detail. Along with the consideration of previously studied events, common features of ...

A two-dimensional numerical model is used to predict near surface wind velocities, and consequently wind power, for five distinct synoptic regimes for contrasting east and west coasts of South Africa. The model results suggest that no one ...

The eThekwini Municipality (Durban, South Africa) landfill gas Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project was the first to be registered and verified in Africa. The idea for the project was developed in 2002, yet it was not until the end of 2006 that the smaller Component One (1 MW) was registered, while the larger Component Two (9 MW) followed only in March 2009. Valuable lessons were learnt from Component One, and these were applied to Component Two. The paper describes the Durban CDM process, the lessons learnt, and assesses the viability of landfill gas to electricity CDM projects in Africa. It concludes that small to medium sized landfill gas to electricity CDM projects are not viable in Africa unless there is a renewable energy feed-in-tariff, or unless the gas is simply flared rather than being utilised for power generation.

The emergence of Human retroviruses, in Central Africa, may occur in contact with non human primates, during hunting and butchering. Recent studies described several cases of human infections with Human T-cell Ly...

Physicians depend on reliable information on the local epidemiology of infection and antibiotic resistance rates to guide empiric treatment in critically ill patients. As these data are scarce for Central Africa,...

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The prevalence and genetic diversity of HCV in pregnant women in Gabon, central Africa, is not...

This paper examines soil carbon sequestration in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa ... that could increase agricultural productivity and sequester soil carbon. During the first five-year commitment perio...

...first two feedstocks (starchy biomass and sugarcane) is available and can be replicated, maize and other starchy biomass feedstocks have a very important role in food security in sub-Saharan Africa. To some extent, the use of these feedstocks...