Last night i was going through the various latest seminar topics posted by one of my friend.Out of those topics i found this topic to be something very interesting i.e. NANOTUBE SUPER-BATTERIES.Have you ever thought of a battery whose size is in the range of microns & having the capacity of about 10-12 v & providing a total power of about 1watt;i know it sounds tough n even more tough to digest;but yes this is possible with this lastest invented super batteries whose size could be in nano range & deliver a power of much more than than our expectations.

come on let us know something more about it:about its fabrication & characteristics.

Dense films of carbon nanotubes store large amounts of energy.

Researchers at MIT have made pure, dense, thin films of carbon nanotubes that show promise as electrodes for higher-capacity batteries and supercapacitors. Dispensing with the additives previously used to hold such films together improved their electrical properties, including the ability to carry and store a large amount of charge.

Carbon nanotubes can carry and store more charge than other forms of carbon, in part because their nanoscale structure gives them a very large surface area. But conventional methods for making them into films leave significant gaps between individual nanotubes or require binding materials to hold them together. Both approaches reduce the films' conductivity--the ability to convey charge--and capacitance--the ability to store it.

The MIT group, led by chemical-engineering professor Paula Hammond and mechanical-engineering professor Yang Shao-Horn, made the new nanotube films using a technique called layer-by-layer assembly. First, the group creates water solutions of two kinds of nanotubes: one type has positively charged molecules bound to them, and the other has negatively charged molecules. The researchers then alternately dip a very thin substrate, such as a silicon wafer, into the two solutions. Because of the differences in their charge, the nanotubes are attracted to each other and hold together without the help of any glues. And nanotubes of similar charge repel each other while in solution, so they form thin, uniform layers with no clumping.

The resulting films can then be detached from the substrate and baked in a cloud of hydrogen to burn off the charged molecules, leaving behind a pure mat of carbon nanotubes. The films are about 70 percent nanotubes; the rest is empty space, pores that could be used to store lithium or liquid electrolytes in future battery electrodes. The films "can store a lot of energy and discharge it rapidly," says Hammond. The capacitance of the MIT films--that is, their ability to store electrical charge--is one of the highest ever measured for carbon-nanotube films, says Shao-Horn. This means that they could serve as electrodes for batteries and supercapacitors that charge quickly, have a high power output, and have a long life.

The MIT group is not the first to use the layering technique to create nanotube films. But previously, researchers using the method layered a positively charged polymer with negatively charged nanotubes, resulting in films that were only half nanotubes. No polymer can equal the electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes, so these films' electrical properties weren't as impressive as those of Hammond and Shao-Horn. Others have made films by growing the nanotubes from the substrate up, but the resulting forest of vertically aligned nanotubes is insufficiently dense.

Q: What is a 'bounce email' and how do I do it?A: A junk mail sender (a.k.a. spammer) sends unsolicited mail to active email addresses on its mailing list. In order to trick spammers into thinking that your email address is not active, IncrediMail has created a feature called "Bounce Emails", which enables you to send a 'fake' bounce message to the sender. Thus, the spammer is led to believe that the email account is inactive or unrecognized by the server, and in many cases will remove your address from its mailing list. In other words, when you bounce an email there is a good chance that you will no longer receive junk mail from that specific spammer.Note: To effectively fool the spammer, it is not recommended to perform this action more than once on the same email message.For every email that you would like to fake bounce;Right-click on the unwanted message and select "Bounce to Sender" (marked in red).

At this point, the following dialog will open:

Click on "Bounce to Sender" to fake bounce the sender of the email message. Note: You can also delete the message along with bouncing it by clicking on the field "In addition, delete this message" (marked in red).An example of a bounced email as the spammer will receive it:

Note: You can also use this feature directly from within the Advanced Account Access.

There are several issues to be considered to develop a wireless video transmission system successfully.Problems such as the lack of bandwidth in wireless channel, and the dense nature of video data etc. The wireless video transmission system that is mentioned in this paper uses a few approaches to tackle these problems. The 3D set partitioning in hierarchical trees (SPIHT) coder is employed in our system. This coder is very efficient and proves to have real-time capability in compressing video. A grey scale image with size 72x88 needs to be represented with 50.7kbits. If we want to transmit 16 frames/s video, the system needs to have a transmission rate of 811.2kbits/s. It is well known that wireless technology has limited bandwidth. For example, bluetooth has a maximum transmission rate of 721kbits/s. The coder can achieve 40:1 compression ratio introducing minor distortion on the video. We investigated a few ways to improve the processing time of the 3D-SPIHT and its error resilience. Then we try to classify different objects in the video with different priorities. This allows us to minimise the maximum bits that are needed to encode the video sequence. The feedback from the channel is used to control the maximum bits used.

Still some development is made in the 3G technology in mobile communication.In 3G we prompt to use the B-ISDN (Broadband ISDN) which is used to transmit the data at the ultra high speed even in several Mbps towards the receiver.But the compressed data enhance the possibility of introduction of error n loss in the data received. So there some advancement is still required to improve the quality of data received.IEEE standard still working on this issue.

"Claytronics" is an emerging field of engineering concerning reconfigurable nanoscalerobots ('claytronic atoms', or catoms) designed to form much larger scale machines or mechanisms. Also known as "programmable matter", the catoms will be sub-millimeter computers that will eventually have the ability to move around, communicate with other computers, change color, and electrostatically connect to other catoms to form different shapes. The forms made up of catoms could morph into nearly any object, even replicas of human beings for virtual meetings.

Claytronics technology is currently being researched by Professor Seth Goldstein and Professor Todd C. Mowry at Carnegie Mellon University, which is where the term was coined. According to Carnegie Mellon's Synthetic Reality Project personnel, claytronics are described as "An ensemble of material that contains sufficient local computation, actuation, storage, energy, sensing, and communication" which can be programmed to form interesting dynamic shapes and configurations.

Properties of Claytronics Atoms (Catoms):• real, physical objects; analogous to “physical voxels”• include processing, networking, energy storage, etc.• also include a means of actuation (locomotion and adhesion)– move in 3D relative to other catoms, using magnetic or electrostatic forces– communicate & coordinate with other catoms to control their motion– a catom itself contains no moving parts (“ensemble principle”)• outer surface of each catom is a video display– renders visual details at a higher resolution than physical catom size

courtesy: the HinduEvery time you return a junk mobile phone to a Nokia dealer, the firm will thank you by planting a tree, apart from recycling that phone in an eco-friendly manner.

Announcing the initiative on World Environment Day, Ambrish Bakaya, director of corporate affairs in Nokia India, said the firm had already tied up with two NGOs in Tamil Nadu and Karnataka to plant 22,000 trees. The programme would soon be extended to the top 15 cities of the country, he added.

"We already have 1,300 bins at our main dealers' shops around the country where people can throw in their junk phones," Bakaya said.

The mobile phone manufacturer with the largest market share in India has been getting a good response. "Now we have tied up with an NGO called Ahimsa in Kancheepuram district of Tamil Nadu to plant 12,000 trees, and with Bangalore's Rotary Midtown to plant 10,000 trees in educational institutions around that city."

Nokia has also been working computer manufacturers to strengthen the laws on recycling of e-waste, which threatens to become a major problem in India.

Saying that the firm was working with the Manufacturers Association for Information Technology, the Ministry of Environment and Forests and the Department of Telecommunications to put together stronger guidelines on the subject, Bakaya added: "We welcome any step which helps strengthen e-waste management and creates awareness about the need to recycle e-waste in an eco-friendly manner".

Need something done? Soon you may be turning to various "service and personal" robots. These machines perform domestic chores or tasks such as milking cows or handling toxic waste, or serving in fields like emergency medical support.

The timeline below summarizes experts' opinions on how soon every home will have a little mechanical helper.

2006 Roomba sales top 2 million. [This already happened in May 2006.]

2007 Sales of pool-cleaning and window-washing robots rise significantly. A new, bipedal Honda Asimo unit that can run(at 4 miles per hour) debuts in United States.

2009 In just three years, 4.5 million domestic robots have been sold.

2010 Service and personal robotics sales exceed $17 billion.

2025 Sales of service and personal robots near $52 billion.

2040 Most households now own a robot or are considering buying one.

Single-Duty Robots: All Work, No Play

Photograph: Ames F. Tiedeman, Systems Trading Corporation

Current robots tend to look like regular machines, and most--such as the vacuuming iRobot Roomba--perform only one task. For example, Friendly Robotics' RL1000 Robomower (pictured at left, with docking station) will cut your lawn while you watch TV. The autonomous mower costs $1800.

Ever performed a software patch on a lawnmower? Wireless diagnosis could someday permit automatic patching of software problems, but currently if your Robomower starts doing nonstop doughnuts, you'll need to turn off its motor and plug it into a phone line to download a software patch.

The Next Steps in Robotics

Photograph: Choromet, a project of four Japanese firms, courtesy of AIST.

Today's robot designers will have to solve some fundamental problems before robots can become as versatile, independent and useful as the ones we've seen for years in the movies. Click the accompanying image for more about these challenges.